GENERAL HISTORY OF THE ` DICHLAMYDEOUS PLANTS, COMPRISING COMPLETE DESCRIPTIONS OF THE DIFFERENT ORDERS; CHARACTERS OF THB GENERA AND SPECIES, AND AN ENUMERATION OF THE CULTIVATED VARIETIES; THEIR PLACES OF GROWTH, TIME OF FLOWERING, MODE OF CULTURE, AND USES IN MEDICINE AND DOMESTIC ECONOMY; THE SCIENTIFIC NAMES ACCENTUATED, THEIR ETYMOLOGIES EXPLAINED, AND THE CLASSES AND ORDERS ILT.USTRATED BY ENGRAVINGS, fy G. Don. ' THE LINNJEAN AND NATURAL SYSTEMS, A general history of the dichlamydeous plants. 3. F THE TERMS USED: (Above title appeared first on new tepe TTO supplied with vole 4. Original tepo x o) read: 'A general system of gardening io ee and botany, etc.! See preface to vol. 4, and Pritzel 2366) E DON, F.LS. VOLUMES. Vou. IN.—CALYCIFLOR&. LONDON: `: PRINTED FOR J. G. AND F. RIVINGTON; J. AND W. T. CLARKE; LONGMAN AND CO.; T. CADELL; J. RICHARDSON ; JEFFERY AND SON; BALDWIN AND CRADOCK; J. BOOKER; J. BOOTH; HARVEY AND DARTON; S. BAGSTER; SHERWOOD AND CO.; HARDING AND LEPARD; J. F. SETCHEL; WHITTAKER AND CO.; SIMPKIN AND MARSHALL; AND E. HODGSON. MDCCCXXKXIV. LONDON: GILBERT & RIVINGTON, PRINTERS, ST. JOHN’S SQUARE, INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME, COMPRISING THE SYSTEMATIC AND ENGLISH GENERIC NAMES, AND THE ENGLISH AND SYSTEMATIC SYNONYMES. *,.* In this Index the systematic names used, and the English names in common use, are in Roman letters; the synonymes in Jtalics ; the names of Classes, A. Abelia, 452 Ach-weed, 288 Achyranthes, 89. 91 Acicarpha, 696 Aciphylla, 318. Acrolasia, 61 Acrodryon, 610 Acrotriche, 780,781 Actinanthus, 274 Actinophyllum, 390, 391 Actinotus, 263 Aculeosa, 745 Acunnia, 849 Adamia, 235 Adenophora, 769-771 Adina, 471, 472 Adoxa, 383 fEginetia, 486. 663 Egopodium, 287, 288 ZEthusa, 305, 306 LE thusa, 282. 284. 305. 320. Agapetes, 862, 863 Agarista, 837-838 Agasyllis, 347 Agasyllis, 330. 336 Agostana, 296 Aidia, 452 Aikinia, 738, 739 Aizoon, 153, 154 Aizoon, 152 Ajouan, 285 Ajawain, 285 Ajava-seed, 285 Alacospermum, 291 Alaternus, 446 Alepidea, 266 Alexanders, 380, 381 Alibertia, 542 Allasia, 43 All-seed, 93 Alseis, 512 Alsinoides, 82 Alternanthera, 92 Amaioua, 488, 489 Amajoua, 488 Amaracarpus, 562 Amber-tree, 636 Ambraria, 636 Ambraria, 635, 636 Ammannia, 536 Ammi, 286, 287 Ammi, 280. 283, 284. 289. 312 Sub-classes, and Orders in large capitals; and the names of Sub-orders and Tribes in small capitals. AMMINEX, 274 Ammios, 284 Ammoides, 284 Ammoniac, 328, 329 Ammyrsine, 851 Amordica, 35 Ampelosicyos, 39 Anacampseros, 75, 76 Anacampseros, 80. 114-116 Ancylanthus, 559 Anderosacme, 519 Andersonia, 784 Andersonia, 721 Andrachne, 834 Andromeda, 829 ANDROMEDEA, 828 Anethum, 336, 337 Anethum, 282. 306, 307. 338 Angelica, 322, 323 Angelica, Garden, 324 321-324. 334, 335. 348 ANGELICE, 321 Anguina, 38 Anguria, 42 Anidrum, 381 Anisanthus, 452 Anise, 294 Anisosciadium, 371 Anisum, 294 Annesorhiza, 304 Anonymus, 535 Anopterus, 195 Anotis, 533-535 Antacanthus, 569 Anthactinia, 51 Antherura, 584 ANTHOSPERMEA, 634 Anthospermum, 635, 636 Anthospermum, 635 Anthotium, 727 Anthriscus, 364, 365 Anthriscus, 295. 362. 366 Anthyllis, 93 Antiphylla, 214 Antirrheea, 553 Antonia, 598 Anychia, 88 Anychia, 89 Anys-wortle, 305 Aparine, 656. 658, 659 Aparinee, 63 Andromeda, 829-833. 835-840. 0. 857 Angelica, 275. 315. 317. 319. Aparines, 637 Apenula, 768 Aphyllantes, 733 Apinella, 281 Apium, 276-279 Apium, 279, 280. 288. 294, 295. 316, 317 Apocynum, 561 Apradus, 372 Arabidia, 207 Arachnimorpha, 516 Aralia, 378, 389 Aralia, 384-388. 391-395 ARALIACE, 383 Aralia, 383 Araliastrum, 384 Arbutus, 834-835 Arbutus, 835-837. 839-841. Arceuthobium, 408 Archangelica, 323, 324 Archangelica, 351 Archemora, 338 Arctopus, 372 Arctostaphylos, 835, 836 Arenaria, 93 Argostemma, 523, 524 Argylophora, 469 Arnoldia, 201 Ar-nut, 290 Arpitium, 320 Arracacha, 377, 378 Artedia, 353 Artedia, 275. 354 Arthrophyllum, 395 Ascarina, 434 Ascarina, 434 Asephananthes, 48 Ash-weed, 288 Aspera, 659 Asperula, 637-640 Asperula, 634. 642. 651 Asperulea, 637 Assafcetida, 326, 327 Asteriscium, 263 Asterocephalus, 687-695 Astilbe, 229 Astoma, 381 Astrantia, 265, 266 Astrantia, 264. 266. 335 Astrephia, 670 Astrephia, 674. 677, 678 Astroloma, 775 Astrotricha, 258 Astydamia, 340 a2 . 285, 286. Athamanta, 315, 316 Athamantha, 275. 284, 285. 307-309. 312-314. 319,320. 333, 335. 362. 376. 378 Atrema, 381 Aucuba, 433 Augusta, 513 Augustea, 513 Aukuba, 433 Aulaxis, 206 Aureliana, 384 Aversia, 92 Avicularia, 768 Axanthes, 540 Aylmeria, 83, 84 Azalea, 850 Azalea, 845-848. 850. Azorella, 259, 260 Azorella, 257-261 B. Baconia, 570 Baderoa, 34 Balardia, 92 Bald-money, 320 Bald-money, Swiss, 320 Balsam Apple, 35 Bandhuca, 570 Barbadoes Gooseberry, 175, 176 Barleria, 538 Bartlingia, 634 Bartonia, 61, 62 Bauera, 203 BAUEREZ, 202 Bear-berry, 835, 836 _ Bear’s grape, 854, 855 Bed-straw, 647-658. 660, 661 Befaria, 849 Bejaria, 849 Belangera, 202 Belilla, 489 Bellardia, 508, 509 Bell-flower, 750-768 Benincasa, 29 Benzonia, 664 Bergenia, 206 Bertiera, 505 Berula, 295 Betckea, 680 Bhoopidea, 696 Bifora, 381 Biforis, 305 Bigelowia, 613-616. 618. 621 Bikkia, 5 Bilberry, 852 Billardiera, 576 Billiottia, 560 Bishop’s Weed, 286, 287 Bistella, 231 Bivonea, 90 Black Wattle, 201 Bleria, 804, 805 Bleria, 805 Blandfordia, 204 Blea-berry, 852 Blondia, 229 Blue-bells, 759 Bluets, 852 Blumenbachia, 62 Bobeea, 554 Bobea, 554 Boerhavia, 671 Bois de rat, 556 Bois Mussard, 556 Bolax, 260 Bolax, 254, 255. 258-26) Boopis, 696 “Boopis, 696 Borreria, 611-618 Bouvardia, 485, 486 Bouvardia, 516 Bowlesia, 258, 259 Bowlesia, 261. 335 Bradleia, 347 Breonia, 472 Brignolia, 542 Brignolia, 307 Broad-scaled Heath 807-809 Bronnia, 70 Broussaisia, 235 Bruchia, 576 Brunonia, 731 BRUNONIEZ, 731 Bryanthus, 833 Bryonia,30-33 Bryony, 30-33 Bryony, White, 32 Bryophyllum, 109 Bubalina, 488 Bubon, 336 Bubon, 301. 307-309. 311, 312. 316 Buchozia 633. Buddlea, 610 Buena, 470-479. 538 Ad Bulbocastanum, 289 Buglossum, 728 Bulliarda, 99 Bulliarda, 98 Bunium, 289-291 Bunium, 262. 284-285. 288- 289. 307. 319 Bupleuroides, 635 Bupleurum, 296-301 Bupleurum, 280. 301. 376 Buprestis, 297. 301 Bur-parsley, 360 Burcardia, 70 Burchellia, 488 Burghartia, 70 Burnet-saxifrage, 291-294 Burneya, 554 Button-wood, 610-611 Button-weed, 619-623 C. Cachrys, 372-374 Cachrys 275. 313. 321. 347. 354. 374-376 Cacteæ, 156 Cacti, 156 Cactinee, 156 Cactoidee, 156 Cactus, 157-177 Cadamba, 550 Caiophora, 65 Calanchoe, 108, 109 Calandrinia, 78-80 Caldasia, 368 Caldcluvia, 200 Calico-bush, 850 Callicocca, 604-608 Callicoma, 201, 202 Callipeltis, 661 Calliphyllum, 213 Callista, 812-816 Callisace, 336 Callogyne, 726 Calluna, 828 Calycera, 696 CALYCEREZ, 696 Calycomis, 201 Calysphyrum, 665 Calycophyllum, 486, 487 Cameraria, 82 CaMPANIE&, 731 Campanula, 750-768. Campanula, 734-746. 750. 768- 773 CAMPANULEX, 746 CAMPANULACEA, 731 Campanumea, 735, 736 Campderia, 307 CAMPYLOSPERME, 359 Canaria, 736 Canarina, 736 Canela, 478 Canephora, 488 Canephora, 488 Canonanthus, 718 Canterbury bells, 757 Canthium, 562, 563 Canthium, 506, 507. 562. 564, 565 Cantua, 71 Capnophyllum, 337 Capnophyllum, 347 CAPRIFOLIACE, 435 Caprifolium, 444-449 Caprosma, 634, 635 Caquepiria, 498 Carapichea, 608 Caraway, 288, 289 INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. Cardionema, 90 Careum, 288 Carica, 44 Caricee, 43 Carissa, 562 Carota, 354 Carphalea, 520 Carphalea, 486 Carrot, 353-359 Carrot, Candy, 316 Carrot, Common, 354-359 Carum, 288, 289 Carum, 284, 310. 322 Carvi, 288 Cascarilla, 474. 478, 479 Cassandra, Cassidocarpus, 263 Cassiope, 829 Cassupa, 492 Cassytha, 176 Catchweed, 658 Catepha, 257 Catesbea, 510, 511 Catesbea, 517. 569 CAUCALINES, 360 Caucalis, 360 Caucalis, 264. 347. 354. 361, 362 Cedrela, 196 Celeriac, 277 Celery, 277-279 Celosia, 91 Cenolophium, 313 Centella, 254, 255 Centranthus, 672 CEPHALIDEA, 604 Cephelis, 604-608 Cephelis, 488. 585. 591. 608, 609 352, 353, CEPHALANTHES, 609 Cephalanthus, 610 Cephalanthus, 467-468 Cephalaria, 684-686 Cephalaria, 684. 688 Cephaleis, 604 Cephalina, 487 Cephalostigma, 735 Ceratopetalum, 202 Ceratopetalum, 202 Ceramia, 806, 807 Ceratosanthes, 39 Ceratostema, 863 Cerdia, 93 Cerefolium, 364-366 Cereus, 164-171 Cereus, Creeping, 168 Cereus, Night-flowering, 168 Cereus, 163. 170, 171 Cerionanthus, 684, 685 Ceriscus, 494. 500, 501 Cervaria, 333 Cervicaria, 750. 755 Cervicina, 742 Cestrum, 486. 599 Cevallia, 697 Cherophyllum, 365-368 Cherophyllum, 291. 362-365. 368, 369 Chamecerasus, 446. 449, 450 Chamaledon, 850, 851. Chamesciadium, 289 Chamedaphne, 548 Chanderoba, 3 Chapeliera, 503 Charantia, 35 Chasalia, 603 Chate, 27 Chay, or Che, 529, 530 Chayota, 37 Chayote, 37 Cheese-rennet, 655 Chenocarpus, 619 Chervil, 364, 365 Chervil, Garden, 365 Chervil, Great, 369 Chervil, Sweet, 369 Chervil, Wild, 366 Chimaphila, 865 Chimaza, 865 Chimarrhis, 513 Chiococca, 568, 569 Chiococca, 520. 569 Chicoinea, 555 Chione, 554 Choco, 37 Chlorophytum, 611 Chlioranthus, 434 CHLORANTHEZ, 433 Chomelia, 569 Chomelia, 553 Chona, 817, 818 Chondrocarpus, 248. 253 Chondrosea, 213-217 Christimia, 485 Chrysosplenium, 227 Chu-Lan, 434 Cianitis, 234 Cicely, 365-368 Cicuta, 275, 276 Cicuta, 283. 285, 286. 306. 313. 337. 377 Cicutaria, 275, 276. 304. 364 Cieca, 48 Ciliaria, 212, 213 Cinchona, 473-479 Cinchona, 468. 479-483. 486. 532 88. 511. 63 CINCHONACES, 466 CINCHONE®, 472 Citrullus, 40 Cladothamnus, 865, 866 Claytonia, 80-82 Claytonia, 76-80 Cleavers, 658 Clermontea, 698 Clethra, 841, 842 Cliffortia, 637 Cnidium, 313, 314 Cnidium, 313. 315. 317-319. 333. 369 Cobea, 446 Coccocypselum, 508, 509 Coccocipsilum, 485-508 Coccocypsilum, 484. 509. 538. Codia, 202 Codia, 201 CopiE&, 202 Codonium, 432 Codonopsis, 736 CŒLOSPERMÆ, 381 Ceelospermum, 558 Coffe, 579 Coffea, 579-584 Coffea, 440. 567. 569. 576. 578, 579. 603 COFFEACE®, 562 Coffee-tree, 579-584 Coffee-tree, Common, 579-581 CorreEs#, 562 Colladonia, 375 Colladonia, 598 Colobanthus, 83 Colocynth, 28 Colocynth, False, 41 Colocynthis, 28 Columbaria, 691 Condalia, 508, 509 Condaminea, 511, 512 Condylocarpus, 346 Conioselinum, 321 Conium, 376, 377 Conium, 291. 305. 314. 337. 341. 347. 360. 378 Conopodium, 290, 291 Conotrichia, 485 Conyza, 532 Cordiera, 543 CoRDIEREA, 543 Coriander, 382 CoRIANDREA, 381 Coriandrum, 382 Coriandrum, 275. 306. 377. 381, 382 Corion, 381 Cormigonus, 514 Corn-Salad, 668 CORNE Æ, 398 Cornelian Cherry, 400 Cornidia, 234 Cornus, 398-401 Cornus, 442 Corrigiola, 86 Corrigiola, 89 Cortia, 337 Cosmelia, 784 Cosmia, 78 Cosmibuena, 479 Cosmibuena, 478 Cotyledon, 109-131 Cotyledon, 99. 108, 109. 111- 113. 214. 249 Coussaria, 576 Coutarea, 472 Covelia, 619 Cowbane, 276 Cow-berry, 856 Cow-parsnip, 341-344 Cow-parsley, Smooth, 364 Cranberry, Common, 858 Cranberry, American, 858 Crantzia, 255 Crassouvia, 109° Crassula, 99-103 Crassula, 80. 98-108. 118, 119 CRASSULACES, 97 Crassulee, 97 CRASSULEZX, 98 Crethamus, 321 Creodus, 434 Critamus, 285 Crithmum, 321 Crithmum, 285.307. 311. 313. 319 Crosswort, 641, 642. 656. 662 Crucianella, 640-642 Crucianella, 627 Cruciata, 656 Cruciella, 258 Cruckshanksia, 631 Crusea, 627 Crusea, 554. 630 Cryphea, 434 Cryptocarpha, 696 Cryptopetalum, 232 Cryptospermum, 291. 663 Cryptotenia, 291 Cucullaria, 661 Cucumeroides, 30. Cucumber, 15-28 Cucumbers, 15-27 Cucumber, Small-seeded, 34 Cucumber, Squirting, 34-36. Cucumis, 5-28 Cucumis, 28, 29. 38 Cucurbita, 40-42 Cucurbita, 4, 5. 28-30 CUCURBITACEA, 1 CucURBITE, 24 Cuellaria, 841, 842 Cumbulan, 29 Cumin, 348 CuMINEA, 347 Cuminum, 348 Cuminoides, 370. Cuncea, 633 Cunninghamia, 553 Cunonia, 201 CUNONIACE2, 196 CuNoONIEs, 197 Cupi, 506 Cupia, 506, 507 Currant, 186-191 Currants, Black, 190 Currants, Red, 188, 189 Currants, White, 188, 189 Curtogyne, 106 Cussonia, 387 Cuviera, 559 Cuviera, 560 | Cyanea, 699 Cyathodes, 776 Cyathodes, 781 Cyclospermum, 282 Cymbocarpum, 382 Cymopterus, 350 Cynapium, 306 Cynosciadium, 305 Cyphia, 718 Cypselea, 73 Cyrtanthus, 493 Cyrtospermum, 291 Cystanthe, 785 D. Dactylites, 218 Dactyloides, 218 Dabeecia, 833 Dahlia, 397 Damnacanthus, 562 Dampiera, 730, 731 Danaa, 380 Danais, 483 Danewort, 436 Darluca, 571 Dasyanthes, 826 Dasyloma, 305 Dasyspermum, 291 Dasystemon, 99 DAUCINES, 353 Daucus, 353-359 Daucus, 284. 287. 316. 320. 333. 353. 360 Deadly-carrot, 349, 350 Decaspora, 781 Declieuxia, 566-568 Deforgia, 195 Deidamia, 59 Delissea, 699 Democritea, 611 Dendrophthoe, 418-420 Dentella, 524 Dentella, 523 Deppea, 524 Dermasea, 217, 218 Desmia, 807 Descliæa, 569 Deverra, 307 Diamorpha, 125 Diaphyllum, 298 Diaspasis, 730 Diconangia, 196 Dicorypha, 397 Dicoryphe, 397 Dicrobotryum, 551 Didiscus, 256 Diervilla, 444 Dieterica, 200 Dietrichia, 107 Dill, 337 Dillenia, 637 Dimetopia, 256 Diodia, 624-626 Diodia, 485. 612. 615. 620. 623. 626, 627 Diototheca, 681 Diplecosia, 838 Diplospora, 565 Diposis, 262 DIPSACE Æ, 681 Dipsacus, 682-684 Diptera, 206 Dipterygia, 263 Discopleura, 283 Disemma, 56 Disodea, 560 Distylis, 726 Ditoca, 95 Dog-bramble, 178 Dog’s-poison, 306 Dogwood, 398-401 Dogberry-tree, 399 Donatia, 231 Dondia, 265 Dondisia, 559 Dondisia, 265 Dorema, 328 Dortmanna, 715 Dracophyllum, 785 Dracophyllum, 785 Drepanophyllum, 285. 295 Dringi, 29 Drummondia, 228 Drusa, 261 Dufresnia, 667 Duhamelia, 489. 540-542 Dunalia, 536 Duroia, 495 Dwarf elder, 436 Dysoda, 633 E. Earth-nut, 289-291 Earth-chestnut, 290, 291 Ecbalium, 36 Echeveria, 113 Echeveria, 70, 71 Echinocactus, 161-163. Echinocactus, 157. 161 Echinophora, 371 Echinophora, 353. 360. 373 Ectasis, 826, 827 Elzoselinum, 360 ELZOSELINEA, 359 Elaterium, 34 Elaterium, 36 Elatine, 768 Elder, 436-438 Elytranthe, 425-428 Endressia, 3, Enkianthus, 833, 834 Enymonospermum, 378 Epacris, 781-783 Epacris, 778. 781. 783-785 EPACRIDE Æ, 773 EPACRIES, 781 Epigæa, 841 Epiphyllum, 170, 171 Epithinia, 565 Eremia, 828 Erica, 790-800 Erica, 800-828. 833. Ericez, 790 ERICACE, 785 Erigenia, 256 Erineon, 750 Eriocalia, 263 Eriodesmia, 827, 828 Eriogynia, 226 Eriosynaphe, 329 INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. Erithalis, 557 Erithalis, 543. 554 Erithodes, 725 Ernodea, 633 Ernodea, 514. 634 Eropheron, 206 Eryngium, 266-274 Eryngium, 263 Eryngo, 266-274 Erythrodanum, 547, 548 Erythropalum, 29 Escallonia, 192-195 ESCALLONIE&, 192 Eubasis, 433 Eulophus, 381 Eumachia, 566 Euosma, 539 Euosmia; 539 Eurylepis, 807-809 Eurystegia, 809, 810 Euryloma, 816, 817 Eurothia, 608 EUSPERMACOCEA, 611 Euthales, 726 Evea, 606 Evosma, 510. 539 Evosmia, 538, 539 Exocantha, 371, 372 Exostema, 480 Exostemma, 480-483 Eyselia, 647 F. Falcaria, 285 Famarea, 578 Faramea, 578 Fareiria, 473 Fedia, 671 Fedia, 666-671. 680 Female Cornel, 399 Fennel, 306, 307 Fennel, Giant, 325-328 Fernelia, 509 Fernelia, 484 Ferula, 325-328 Ferula, 323, 324. 329. 331, 332. 334. 336 Ferulago, 325 Ferularia, 325 Feuillea, 39 Feuillea, 3 Fever-wort, 443, 444 Fevillea, 3 Ficoidea, 153 FICOIDE Æ, 125 Field Madder, 637 Fig Marigold, 125-151 Finocchio, 306 Fischera, 257, 851 Floerkea, 769. 771 Flowk Wort, 248 Feniculum, 306, 307 Feeniculum, 336 Fool’s Parsley, 306 Forgesia, 195 Forstera, 722 Fothergilla, 397 FoTHERGILLEA, 397 Fouquiera, 70 Fouquiera, 71 FOUQUIERACES, 70 Fragosa, 259 Fragosa, 260, 261 Franciscea, 107 Francoa, 204 Francoacea, 203 Frelichia, 450. 576 Fuchsia, 542 G. Gaiadendron. 431, 432 Gaillonia, 632 GALACINÆ, 203 Galax, 204 Galbanophora, 336 Galbanum, 348 Galee, 637 Galium, 647-661 Galium, 637-640. 645, 646. , 662 Galopina, 635 Galvania, 599 Gambier, 469, 470 Gambir, 460, 470 Gardenia, 496-499 Gardenia, 494, 495. 499-504. 506. 511. 542. 562. 564 GARDENIACE, 487 GARDENIE, 488 Gastonia, 388 Gastonia, 387 Gater Tree, 399 Gaultheria, 839-841. Gaultheria, 841 Gaya, 320 Gaylussacia, 858-860 Geissois, 203 Genipa, 495 Genipa, 505. 542 Genipella, 542 Geophila, 608, 609 Geryonia, 206 Gerontogea, 529-531 Geunsia, 79 Gilibertia, 387 Gingidium, 353, 354 Ginginsia, 83 Ginseng, 384 Gladiolus, 715 Glinus, 154 Glinus, 153, 154 Globulea, 105, 106 Glossoma, 401 Glyceria, 248 Goat’s Fennel, 373, 374 Gohoria, 287 Gomara, 99 Gomozxia, 547 Gonotheca, 532 Gout Weed, 288 Gonzalea, 537, 538 Gonzalagunia, 537 GoopDENIEZ, 723 Goodenia, 723-726 Goodenia, 726. 729-731 GOODENOVIA, 722 Gooseberry, 177-185 Gooseberries, 179-185 Goose-grass, 658-660 Gooseshare, 658 Gosling-weed, 658 Gourds, 40-42 Gourd, 4, 5 Gourd, Bottle, 4 Gourd, Trumpet, 4 Gourgourde, 4 Gourgourdette, 41 Gourd, Cheese, 40 Gourd, Orange, 41 Grahamia, 75 Grammanthes, 106 Grammatocarpus, 65 Grammosciadium, 370 Granadilla, 51-53. 55 Gronovia, 43 Grossularia, 177 GROSSULARIE#, 177 Ground-nut, 291 Gruthamannia, 611 Grumilea, 577 Grumilia, 577 Grunilea, 577 Guelder-rose, 443 Guettarda, 550-553 Guettarda, 538. 553, 554. 586 GUETTARDACER, 544 GUETTARDEA, 547 Guilleminea, 96 Gum-ammoniac, 328, 329 Gum-galbanum, 348 Gymnocarpon, 87 Gymnocarpos, 87 Gymnocarpum, 87 Gymnocarpus, 87 Gymnopleura, 60 Gynocthodes, 558 Gynopachys, 492 Gynopera, 206 Gytonanthus, 666 Gypsocallis, 800-804 H. Hacquetia, 265 Hacquetia, 263 Henkea, 80. 432 Henselera, 380 Hagea. 90, 91. 93 Halesia, 550 HaMAMELEA, 396 HAMAMELIDE/, 395 Hamamelis, 396 Hamamelis, 397 Hamelia, 540-542 Hamelia, 451, 489 HAMELIE, 538 Hamiltonia, 554, 555 Hamiltonia, 555 Hare’s-ear, 296-301. 635 Hariota, 176 Hart-wort, 346 Hasselquistia, 345 Hawk-nut, 290 Heath, 790-800 Heath, Cantabrian, 833 Hedera, 391-395 Hedera, 385, 386. 390 Hedge-parsley, 361, 362 Hedgehog-thistle, 161-163 Hedyosmum, 434 HEDYOTE®, 524 HEDYOTIDEA, 511 Hedyotis, 524-527 Hedyotis, 516, 517. 524. 527- 536. 538. 618. 621. 663 Heinsia, 503 Helleborus, 266 Helosciadium, 281-283 Helospora, 504 Hemesotria, 670 Hemlock, 347 Hemlock, Water, 276 Heracleum, 341-344 Heracleum, 293. 340, 341. 345, 346 Herb Gerard, 288 Hermas, 376 Hermas, 301 Herniaria, 86-87 Herrera, 557 Heteromorpha, 301 Heterosciadium, 263 Heuchera, 229-231 Heuchera, 232 Hexactina, 489 Hexasepalum, 623 Higginsia, 510 Higginsia, 510. 539 Highland-miken, 320 Hillia, 473 Himatanthus, 664 Hippobroma, 717 Hippomarathrum, 308. 373 Hippotis, 504 Hippotis, 584 Hirculus, 211 Hoffmannia, 510 Hoffmannia, 514 Hololachna, 156 Holosteum, 93 Holostigma, 716 Homalocarpus, 262 ITondbessen, 562 Honewort, 280 Honeysuckle, 444-451 Horsfieldia, 266 Hortensia, 233 House-leek, 122-124 Houstonia, 486. 534, 535, 566 Huanaca, 261, 262 Hugelia, 256 Hyala, 90 Hydnophytum, 547 Hydrangea, 232-234 Hydrangea, 234 HYDRANGEA, 232 Hydrocotyle, 248-255 Hydrocotyle, 255, 256. 261, 262. 282 HYDROCOTYLEÆ, 248 Hydrophilax, 633 Hydrophilax, 618. 634 Hydropyxis, 84 Hylacium, 559 Hymenanthes, 849 Hymenodictyon, 480 Hymenogyne, 151 Hymenolena, 378, 379 Hymenopogon, 473 Hypericum, 155 Hypobathrum, 547 Hypopitys, 866 Ignatia, 497 ILLECEBREA, 86 Illecebrum, 88 Illecebrum, 74. 87, 88-93 Imperatoria, 335 Imperatoria, 315. 318. 322- 334 Indian Fig, 171-175 Indian Mulberry, 544-547 Involucraria, 42 Ipecacuanha noir, 585 Tpecacuanha, Spanish Ameri- can, 585 Ipecacuanha, Brown, 606, 607 Ipecacuanha, 606, 607 Ipecacuanha, White, 627, 628 lrish Whorts, 833 Iron-wood Tree, 565, 566 Isertia, 538 IsERTIEA, 536 Isidorea, 514 Tsika, 449 Tsophyllum, 297 Isotoma, 716 Itea, 196 Ivy, 391. 395 Ivy, Common, 391 Ivy, Irish, 391 Ixora, 570-574 Ixora, 486. 517. 556. 570. 574-579 vi J. Janipaba, 495 Jackia, 604 Jaracatia, 43 Jasione, 733, 734 Jasione, 266 Javilla, 3 Johrenia, 345 Jasminum, 496 Jasmine, Cape, 496 Jatamangsi, or Jatamansi, 667 Jolifia, 39, 40 Juncaria,.93 Jupiter’s beard, 124 Jupiter’s Eye, 124 Juvanee, 285 K. Kadua, 533 Kalanchoe, 108 Kalmia, 850 Kalosanthes, 107 Karpaton, 453 Kentranthus, 672 Kingstonia, 211 Kinkina, 474. 482 Klaprothia, 66 Knautia, 686-688 Knautia, 688, 689 Knawel, 95 Knotgrass, 88 Knoxia, 628, 629 Knoxia, 532. 535. 623. 633 Kohautia, 532 Kolbia, 43 Krubera, 347 Kundmannia, 307 Kutchubza, 492 Kyrtanthus, 493 568. 612. L. Labrador Tea, 851 Lady’s bed-straw, 655 Lagenaria, 4 Lageecia, 370 Lagecia, 288 Lahaya, 91-93 Lamb’s lettuce, 667-671 Lampra, 256 Lamprotis, 810-812 Landia, 491 Laretia, 261 Larochea, 106. 108 Laserpitium, 350-352 Laserpitium, 313-315. 317. 320-324. 327. 335. 341. 348. 352. 354. 360. 374, 375 Laserwort, 350-352 Lasianthus, 548. 555 Lasionema, 479 Lasiostoma, 547 Laugeria, 551, 552 Lauristine, 439. Lauristinus, 439 Lawsonia, 520 Lecananthus, 472 Lechenaultia, 727 Lecockia, 375 Ledeburia, 293 Lecontea, 561 Ledum, 851 Ledum, 851 Legouzia, 743. 768, 769 554. INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. Leiospermum, 200 Leiotulus, 340 Leiophyllum, 851 Lemia, 13 Lentago, 438. 440 Lepeostegeres, 427 Lepicephalus, 684-686 Leptarrhena, 226 Leptasea, 212, 213 Leptocaulis, 283, 284 Leptodermis, 555 Leptrina, 82, 83 Lepuropetalum, 231 Lessonia, 274 Leucolena, 258 Leucopogon, 777. 780 Leucothoe, 831, 832 Levenhookia, 722 Levisticum, 321 Lewisia, 77, 78 Leycesteria, 451 Libanotis, 311. 313 Libanotis, 316 Lichtensteinia, 301 Lichtensteinia, 423 Lightfootia, 734, 735 Lightfootia, 514. 744 Ligularia, 208 Ligusticum, 317, 318 Ligusticum, 279. 284, 285. 288. 304. 306, 307. 312- 315. 319-321. 325. 327. 330. 333. 335, 351. 369. 378-380 Limnia, 81, 82 Ling, 828 Ling-heather, 828 Ligustrum, 520 Linnea, 452 Linum, 536 Lipostoma, 663 Lissanthe, 776 Listeria, 528 Lithophila, 94 Litosanthes, 557 Loasa, 62-65 Loasa, 62. 65 LOASE Æ, 61 Lobaria, 210. 224, 225 Lobelia, 704-715 Lobelia, 698-704. 715-719. 728. 735. 742 LOBELIACE Æ, 697 Loeflingia, 96, 97 Loeflingia, 90. 92 Loiseleuria, 850, 851. Lomatium, 327 Lonicera, 444-451 Lonicera, 424, 444. 451. 488. 568 LONICERES, 443 Loosa, 62 Lophandra, 810 Lophosciadium, 352 LORANTHACE Æ, 401 Lorantheæe, 401 Loranthidee, 401 Loranthus, 409. 430, 431 Loranthus, 404. 406. 409-432. 450 Lovage, 317-319 Lovage, Common, 321 Loxanthera, 430 Lucinza, 487, 488 Luculia, 480 Lucya, 536 Luffa, 28, 29 Lussacia, 859 Lychniscabiosa, 686 Lycium, 633 Lygistum, 484. 538 Lygodysodea, 560 Lygodysodea, 561 Lygodysodeacee, 560 Lyonia, 830, 831 Lysinema, 783 Lysipomia, 716, 717 Lysipomia, 726 M. Machaonia, 632 Macrocnemum, 512 Macrocnemum, 478. 487. 489. 492. 501. 511-513 Madder, 642. 647 Madder, Dyers’, 643, 644 Madder, Indian, 529, 530. 642 Magydaris, 375 Malabaila, 340 Malanea, 553 Malanea, 483. 553, 554 Malesherbia, 60 MALESHERBIACE4&, 60 Malesher bia, 60. Male cornel, 400 Mammillaria 157. 160 Manettia, 483-485 Manettia, 490 Mapouria, 588 Maralia, 387 Marathrum, 309 Margaris, 569 Marianthemum, 750 Marlea, 396 Marquisia, 565 Maschalanthe, 540 Masterwort, Great, 335 Masterwort, 265, 266. 335, 336 Masterwort, Wild, 288 Mastixia, 401 Matthiola, 551 Mauchartia, 281 May-apple, 53 Meadow-saxifrage, 308 311 Medium, 750, 751 Meerburgia, 94 Megasea, 206 Meladora, 833 Melanopsidium, 542. 560 Melanoselinum, 352 Melanoselinum, 318 Melichrus, 775, 776 Melo, 5 Melon, 5-15. 27 Melon, Water, 28 Melons, 5-15 Melons, Maltese, 6 Melons, Persian, 6, 7 Melons, Cantaloup, 5, 6 Melocactus, 160, 161 Melon thistle, 160, 161 Melopepo, 40 Melothria, 37 Memecylum, 841 Menestoria, 504 Mentzelia, 65, 66 Mentzelia, 61 Menziesia, 850. Menxiesia, 833 Mephitidia, 548, 549 Merciera, 772 Mercurialis, 254 Merida, 73 Meridiana, 73-75 Mesembryanthemum, 125-151 Metabolos, 536, 537 Meu, 320 Meum, 320 Meum, 281, 282. 289. 336,307. 315, 316. 320. 336 Meynea, 550 Michauxia, 750 Micranthes, 217 Microcodon, 737 Micropetalum, 208 Micropleura, 256 Milk-Parsley, 322 Milkwort, 759 Miltus, 154 Mindium rhazes, 750 Minuartia, 96 MINUARTIEA, 96 Misodendron, 408, 409 Mistletoe, 402-409 Mistletoe, Common, 403 Mitchella, 548 Mitella, 227, 228 Mitella, 228 Mitracarpum, 630, 631 Mitrophora, 671 Mniarum, 95 Modecca, 58, 59 Mollia, 91-93 Molopospermum, 368 Momordica, 35-37 Momordica, 29. 34.39. 42 Monanthes, 124 Moneses, 865 Monopsis, 717 Monotoca, 780 Monotoca, 781 Monotropa, 866 Monotropa, 866 MonotrorPes, 866 Montia, 82 Moor- Heath, 800-804 Moquinia, 423 Morelia, 543 Morinda, 544-547 Morinda, 488. 569. 606 MORINDEA, 544 Morina, 681, 682 MorIne&, 681 Moschatell, 384 Moschatellina, 383, 384 Mouffeta, 666 MULINEA, 260 Mulinum, 261 Mulinum, 261-263 Munjith, 642 Muricia, 42 Murucuja, 56 Muricuja, 56-58 Muscaria, 218, 219. 222, 223 Mussenda, 489-492 Mussenda, 480. 486, 487. 502. 603 Musschia, 772 Mycetia, 506 Mylinum, 322 Myonima, 556 Myrmecodia, 547 Myrmecodia, 547 Myrrhis, 369 Myrrhis, 290, 291. 363, 364- 370 Myrtiphyllum, 593 N. Nacibea, 483-485. 510 Nardostachys, 666, 667 Nauclea, 466-469 Nauclea, 469-472, 487. 610 NAUCLEEA, 466 Navel-wort, 111, 112 Neckeria, 94 Needhamia, 781 Nenax, 637 Nertera, 547 Nertera, 548 Nerteria, 547 Nescidia, 565 Neurosperma, 37 New Zealand Spinach, 152 Nhandiroba, 3 NHANDIROBEA, 3 Nigrina, 434 Nintooa, 447 Nitraria, 155 NITRARIACEAZ, 154 Nobula, 635 Nonatelia, 557, 558 Nonatelia, 555. 557. 592. 664 Nopalee, 156 Notanthera, 428-430 Nuytsia, 432 0. Obolaria, 452 Octavia, 557 Octodon, 611 Octopera, 828 Odontites, 296, 297 Odontocarpa, 667 Œnanthe, 302-304 Gnanthe, 262. 301, 302. 305. 311. 320. 338 O’ Higginsia, 510, 539 Oldenlandia, 527-532 Oldenlandia, 232. 517. 524- 527. 533. 536. 622. 630 Oligacoce, 677, 678 Oligarrhena, 781 Olive-Parsley, 360 Oliveria, 370 Olostyla, 540 Opercularia, 662, 663 Opercularia, 662 OPERCULARIE, 662 Ophiorhiza, 521-523 Ophiorhiza, 490 Opopanax, 324 Opulus, 442 Opuntia, 171-175 Opuntia, 170 OpunTIACEa, 157 Oreoselinum, 330. 333, 334. 380 Oribasia, 557, 558 Orlaya, 353 Orostachys, 112, 113 Orpine, 85, 86. 116 Ortega, 93 Ortegia, 93 ORTHOSPERMA, 248 Ortiga, 62 Orygia, 154 Oshac, or Ooshak, 328, 329 Osmorhiza, 369, 370 Osterdykia, 201 Ostericum, 322 Ottoa, 302 Ourouparia, 471 Ovilla, 733 Oxyanthus, 494 Oxyanthus, 491 Oxyceros, 502 Oxycoccus, 857, 858. Oxycoccus, 841 E. Pachysa, 805, 806 Pachypleurum, 347 Padavara, 546 Pederia, 561, 562 Pederia, 483. 485 PÆDERIEZ, 560 Palicourea, 598-603 Palicourea, 591 Palicurea, 586. 599 Palimbia, 329, 330 Panax, 384-386 Panax, 265. 389 Panke, 204 Papaw tree, 44-45 Papaya, 44 Papaye, 43 PAPAYACEZ, 43 Papilla, 677 Papularia, 72 Parastranthus, 716 Paratropia, 395 Paronychia, 88-90 Paronychia, 87. 88-93 PARONYCHIE, 84 Paropsia, 46 PAROPSIER, 46 Parsley, 279-280 Parsley, Macedonian, 316 Parsnip, 338-340 Parsnip, Garden, 338 340 Paschanthus 58 Passion-flower, 46-55 Passiflora, 46-54 Passiflora, 56-58 PASSIFLORE Æ, 45 PASSIFLOREÆ VERÆ, 46 Pastinaca, 338-340 Pastinaca, 323, 324. 327. 336. 338. 345. 354 Patabea, 609 Patabea, 488 Patima, 543 Patrinia, 666 Patrinia, 667 Pautsauvia, 396 Pavate, 574 Pavetta, 574-576 Pavetta, 562. 571, 572. 599. 634 Peach, African, 487 Pearl-berry, 569 Pecheya, 576 Pecten veneris, 363 Pectophytum, 260 Peganum, 155 Penarvalli, 4 Penny-wort, 248-255 Pentachondra, 781 Pentacæna, 90 Pentacrypta, 276 Pentagonion, 768 Pentaphragma, 731 Penthorum, 125 Peplis, 536 Pepo, 40 Pepper Saxifrage, 319 Pereskia, 175, 176 Periclymenum, 444-446 Perlebia, 375 Pernettya, 836, 837 Perojoa, 779 Peruvian bark, Yellow, 474- 477 Peruvian bark, Red, 478 Peruvian bark, Pale, 474 Petagnia, 263, 264 Petesia, 507, 508 Petesia, 484. 515. 520. 527. 566 Petitia, 314 Petola, 29 Petromarula, 749 Petroselinum, 279, 280 INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. Petroselinum, 310 Petunga, 509, 510 PEUCEDANEA, 324 Peucedanum, 330-335 Peucedanum, 281. 286. 289. 290. 313. 319. 320. 325. 330. 335. 340. 344 Phacosperma, 79 Phalerocarpus, 841. \ Phallaria, 559 s Pharnaceum, 83. 92 Phellandrium, 262. 304. 320 Phemeranthus, 76 Phosanthus, 538 Phthirusa, 421 Phu, 676 Phu, 679 Phyllachne, 722 Phyllactis, 672, 673 Phyllarthus, 170 Phyllis, 635 Phyllis, 635 Phyllodoce, 832, 833 Physocalycium, 109 Physospermum, 379, 380 Physospermum, 378 Phyteuma, 746-749 Phyteuma, 438. 731. 733, 734. 749, 750. 763 Phyteumoides, 521 Picnocomon, 684. 695 Pieris, 832 Pig-nut, 290 Pimpinella, 281-284, 288. 320 Pimpinella, 291-294 Pimpernel, 291-294 Pinknea, 486 Pinckneya, 486 Piringa, 498 Piriqueta, 70 Pistorinia, 111 Pithuranthos, 307 Pitonia, 481 Placoma, 634 Platanocephalus, 610 Platycodon, 737 Platylophus, 200 Platymerium, 664 Platyspermum, 353, 354 Plectritis, 671 Plectronia, 564 Plectronia, 385 Plenckia, 154 Pleurospermum, 378 Poaya, 615. 617 Poaya do praya, 615 Plocama, 634 Podagraria, 286, 287 Podopetalum, 315 Poiretia, 535 Polia, 90 Pollichia, 94 PoLLICHIEA, 94 Polycarpza, 90 POLYCARPÆÆ, 90 Polycarpon, 93 Polycarpon, 231 Polygonifolia, 86 Polyosma, 401 Polyozus, 577 Polyphragmon, 543 Polypremum, 536. 671 Polipremum, 667 Polystemon, 203 Polyscias, 388 Polytenia, 345 Pomangium, 524 Pomatium, 504 Pomax, 662 Pompion, 40 Ponceletia, 784 Poppya, 35 Porophyllum, 214 Porphyreon, 213 Portlandia, 513 Portlandia, 472. 482. 514 Portulaca, 73-75 Portulaca, 75-78, 80. 154 Portulacaria, 80 PORTULACACEZA, 71 Posoqueria, 493 Posoqueria, 495. 500, 501. 503 Posoria, 493 Potima, 578 Pouchetia, 506 Pozoa, 262, 263 Poxoa, 263 Prangos, 374, 375 Pratia, 699, 700 Prickwood, 399 Prismatocarpus, 743, 744 Prismatocarpus, 768, 769 Prionitis, 285 Prionotes, 783, 784 Proustia, 263 Psathura, 555 Psathyra, 555 Psatura, 555 Psiguria, 42 Psilobium, 664 Psittacanthus, 415-418 Psychotria, 584-598 Psychotria, 546. 554. 557-559. 583, 584. 599-603. 608, 609 Psychotriacee, 562 Psychotrophum, 592. 594. 608 Psydrax, 564 Psyllocarpus, 629, 630 Psyllocarpus, 567 Pterocephalus, 688, 689 Pteromarathrum, 374 Pterophylla, 201 Pterospora, 866 Ptychotis, 284 Ptychodea, 520, 521 Purgosia, 103-105 Pumilea, 68 Pumpkin, 40 Purslane, 73-75 Purslane, Common, 73 Purslane-tree, 80 Putoria, 634 PuToRIEs, 633 Pyrola, 863, 864 Pyrola, 865 PYROLE®, 863 Pyrostria, 556 Pyrostria, 554 Pysxidanthera, 231 Q. Queria, 96 Queria, 88 QUERIACEA, 96 Quino, or Quina, 474-479. 482 Quinquina, 474-477. 481, 482. 491 Quintinia, 195 R. Rachicallis, 535, 536. Radiana, 73 Rampion, 746-750. 765 Rampion, Small, 765 Rampion, Garden, 765 Randia, 499-503 Randia, 495. 510, 511. 564 Rapunculus, 746, 747-765 Rapunculum, 746 Rapuntia, 750 Rapuntium, 706. 711. 717. 746 Razoumowskia, 408 Reaumuria, 155 REAUMURIACEA, 155 Red Gum-Tree, 202 Relbum, 646 Remijia, 478, 479 Retiniphyllum, 557 RHIPSALIDEA, 176 Rhipsalis, 176, 177 Rhodora, 848 RHODORES, 842 Rhododendron, 843-848 Rhododendron, 848 Rhodiola, 114, 122 Ribes, 177-191 Ribesieea, 177 Richardia, 627, 628 Richardsonia, 627, 628 Richea, 785 Rigocarpus, 5 River-wood, 513 Robertsonia, 206, 207 Rocama, 72 Rochea, 106, 107 Rochea, 107, 108 Roella, 745, 746 Roella, 734. 738. 742. 744. 2 77 Roioc, 544, 545 Rolofa, 154 Rollandia, 698 Ronabea, 584 Rondeletia, 514-517 Rondeletia, 491, 492. 501. 506, 507. 517-521. 560 RONDELETIEA, öll Rose-bay, 843 Rose-root, 114 Rothmannia, 498. 502 Roucela, 750. 761 Rubeola, 638, 639. 641, 642 Rubia, 642-647 Rubia, 96. 627. 638, 639, 641 RUBIACE Æ, 453 Rubioides, 662, 663 Rudgea, 584 Rudgea, 583 Rulingia, 75-77 Rumia, 275 Rumia, 337 Rupture-wort, 86, 87 Russelia, 231 Rutidea, 577 Rytidea, 577 Sabicea, 539 Sagina, 83 Salaxis, 828 Sahlbergia, 496 Saldinia, 569 Salzmannia, 609 SAMBUCEZ, 436 Sambicinea, 436 Sambucus, 436-438 Sambucus, 388 Samphire, 321 Sanicle, 264, 265 Sanicula, 264, 265 Sanicula, 275 SANICULE, 263 Saprosma, 576 Sarandi, 610 vi SARCOCEPHALES, 487 Sarcocephalus, 487 Sarcostyles, 234 Sarissus, 84 Saxifraga, 206-226 Saxifraga, 226, 227. 292 SAXIFRAGACEZ, 204 Saxifrage, 206-226 Saxifrage, Golden, 227 SAXIFRAGEA, 206 Scabiosa, 689-695 Scabiosa, 684-689 SCABIOSEA, 682 Scabious, 689-696 Scabious, Sweet, 691 Scaligeria, 381 ScANDICINE®, 362 Scandix, 363 Scandix, 289. 291. 360-362. 365-367. 369, 370. 375 Scevola, 727-730 ScHVOLE, 727 Schiedea, 568. 628 Sciadophytum, 235 Sciadophyllum, 390, 391 Sciadophyllum, 395 Schefflera, 389 Schizangium, 630 Schizomeria, 202 Scheepfia, 432 Schradera, 542 Schradera, 605 Schubertia, 266 Schultesia, 739 Schultzia, 286 Schultzia,.337 Schweinitzia, 867 Schwenkfeldia, 508. 539, 540. 558 SCLERANTHEA, 94 ScLERANTHES, 95 Scleranthus, 95 Sclerococcus, 536 Sclerosciadium, 305 Sclerostemma, 689-691 Scolosanthus, 569 Scurrula, 421-425 Scyphanthus, 65 Scyphiphora, 634 Sea-holly, 268 Sea-holme, 268 Sea-hulver, 268 Sea- parsnip, 371 Sechium, 37 Sedum, 113-122 Sedum, 111-113, 122. 124-125 Selinea, 324 Selinum, 322 Selinum, 261. 280. 289. 310. 313-314. 318. 322-324. 330. 333-336. 338. 350. 352 Selliera, 725 Sellowia, 94 Sempervive, 97. Sempervivum, 122-124 Sempervivum, 112. 119-121 Septas, 99 Serissa, 633 Serissa, 564 Serissus, 633, 634 Seseli, 308-311 Seseli, 277. 281-286. 288-289. 301. 304, 305. 312. 314. 316-320. 323. 369 SESELINEA, 301 Sesuvium, 152-153 Shallon, 839 Sheep’s-bane, 248 Sheep’s-laurel, 850 Sheep’s-scabious, 733-734 Sherardia, 637 viii Sherardia, 634. 659 Shepherd’s-needle, 363 Sicelium, 508, 509 Sickingia, 664 Sicyoides, 33 Sicyos, 33, 34 Sicyos, 36, 37. 261 Siderodendron, 565 Sideroxyloides, 565 Siebera, 257 Silaus, 319 Siler, 347, 348 Siler, 330. 347. 351 SILERINEA, 347 Simira, 588, 589 Sipanea, 520-521 Sipanea, 521 Siphocampylus, 700-704 Sisarum, 294 Siser, 338 Sison, 286 Sison, 256. 264. 276. 280. 282- 284. 286-291 294, 295. 330. 338. 377 381 Sium, 294-296 Sium, 277. 280-282. 284, 285. 289-291. 304. 307. 308. 310, 311.319. 330. 338 Skirret, 294-296 Smallage, 277 Smeathmannia, 46 SmyRNE&, 370 Smyrnium, 380 Smyrnium, 276. 286. 315. 327. 380 Snake-gourd, 38, 39 Snake-root, 521 -523 Snow-ball Tree, 442 Snow-berry, 568, 569. 841. Solandra, 255 Solena, 31, 493 Soranthus, 307, 308 Sow-fennel, 330 Sowa, 337 Spallanzania, 514 Spananthe, 262 Spananthe, 262 Spatularia, 207, 208 Specularia, 768, 769 Specularia, 717 Speculum veneris, 768 Sphenotoma, 785 Spermacoce, 619-623 Spermacoce, 611-618.624-633. 636 SPERMACOCES, 609 Spermadictyon, 554-555 Spermatura, 369 Sphallerocarpus, 368 Spielmannia, 281 Spikenard, 666, 667 Spikenard, American, 388 Spica Nardi, 667 Spignel, 316. 320 Spirea, 201 Spiradiclis, 524 Spirostylis, 430 Spondylium, 341-344 Spotted-leaved Laurel, 433 Sprengelia, 784, 785 Spurred Valerian, 672 Squash, 40 Stelia, 631, 632 St. Dabeoc’s Heath, 833 Staurospermum, 630 INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. STELLAT#, 637 Stenanthera, 775 Stenoceelium, 347 Stenostemum, 553 Stenostomum, 553 Stephanium, 602 Stereoxrylon, 192-195 Stevensia, 472 Stigmanthus, 560 Stigmatanthus, 560 Stilbe, 610 Stipularia, 664 Stipulicida, 93 Stone-crop, 114-122 Stone-parsley, 286. 312, 313 Straopha, 434 Strap-wort, 86 Strawberry-tree, 834, 835 Strempelia, 579 Struthanthus, 409-415 Strumpfia, 560 Strumphia, 560 Sturmia, 553 St. Peters’-wort, 451-452 STYLIDE Æ, 619 Stylidium, 619-622 Stylidium, 396 Stylis, 396 Stylocorina, 540 Stylocoryna, 494 Stylocoryna, 506 Styphelia, 774-775 Styphelia, 775-778. 780, 781 STYPHELIEX, 774 Succisa, 684-686. 690-692. 695 SuccULENTA, 97 Sulphur-wort, 330-335 Suteria, 608 Sweet-cicely, 369 Symphyandra, 771, 772 Symphoria, 451, 452 Symphoricarpa, 451 Symphoricarpos, 451, 452 Symphoricarpos, 432. 448 SYMPHYOGYNE, 203 Sympieza, 805 Syringodea, 818-826 Symphyoloma, 341 T Tacsonia, 57 Tacsonia, 54 Tafalla, 434, 435 | Talinum, 76, 77 Talinum, 75, 76. 78-80. 154 Tangaraca, 541 Tapogomea, 604-606. 608 Tarenna, 507 Teazle, 682-684 Teazle, Fuller’s, 682, 683 Teazle, Wild, 682 Telephiastrum, 75 TELEPHIEA, 85 Telephium, 85, 86 Telephium, 116 Telfairia, 39 Tellima, 228 Tenoria, 301. 341 Tepesia, 538 Terebrasia, 552 Terra Japonica, 469 Tertrea, 568 Tessiera, 632 Tetilla, 204 Tetragonia, 151, 152 Tetragonia, 79 Tetragonocarpus, 151 Tetramerium, 578, 579 Tetter-berry, 32 Thapsia, 349 Thapsia, 315. 350, 351. 353. 360. 374, 375 THAPSIEÆ, 349 Thaspium, 315 Thaspium, 276 Thibaudia, 860-862 Thibaudia, 859. 862, 863 Throat-wort, Great, 757 Throat-wort, 769 Thunbergia, 498 Thymelea, 633 Thysselinum, 322. 332, 333. 336 Tiarella, 228, 229 Tiarella, 229, 230 Tiedemannia, 337 Tillea, 98 Tillea, 99. 118. 125 Timonius, 554 Tinus, 438, 439 Tocoyena, 492, 493 Tocoyena, 501 Tontanea, 509 Torch-thistle, 164-171 TORDYLINES, 345 Tordylioides, 346 Tordylopsis, 346 Tordylium, 345, 346 Tordylium, 340. 345. 347. 361, 362 Toricellia, 388 Torilis, 361, 362 Torilis, 361. 365 Tournefortia, 636 Trachelium, 769 Trachelium, 744, 750. 755. 756. 772 Trachymene, 257 Trachymene, 256, 257 Trachypleurum, 296 Trachyspermum, 284. 291 Tragium, 292-294 Tragoselinum, 288. 292 Trepocarpus, 348, 349 Trianthema, 72 Trianthema, 87. 153 Tricalycia, 543 Trichera, 687. 689 Trichlis, 93 Trichocladus, 397 Trichosanthes, 38, 39 Trichosanthes, 3-37 Tridactylites, 225, 226 Trigonophyllum, 214 Trilophus, 396 Trinia, 281 Trinia, 275 Triodon, 626, 627 Triosteum, 443 Triosteum, 539 Triplinervium, 218 Triplostegia, 680 Tristerix, 418 Trochiscanthes, 315 Trochocarpa, 781 Trochocarpa, 776 Tula, 524 Tuna, 171-153 Tupa, 700 Turgenia, 361 Turgosia, 103 Turia, 30 Turk’s-cap, 160 Turnera, 67-70 Turnera, 70 TURNERACE/, 66 U. Ucriana, 493 Ullucus, 80 Ulospermum, 347 Umbellate, 235 UMBELLIFER/, 235 Umbilicus, 111, 112 Uncaria, 469-471 Uncaria, 468 Uraspermum, 369, 370 Urophyllum, 540 Urceolaria, 542 Uva-ursi, 835 Ve VACCINIES, 851 Vaccinium, 851-857 Vaccinium, 833. 841. 857, 858 Vahlia, 231 Vaillantia, 662 Vaillantia, 656 Valantia, 646. 656-659. 661, 662 Valentiana, 453 Valerian, 672. 680 Valerian, Garden, 676 Valerian, Officinal, 679, 680 Valeriana, 672-680 Valeriana, 666-672. 680 VALERIANE Æ, 665 Valerianella, 667-671 Valerianella, 635, 666 Vanguiera, 549-550 Vangueria, 549 Vareca, 59 Vauanthus, 106 Vavanga, 549 Vegetable marrow, 41 Ventenatia, 720, 775 Velea, 369 Velleia, 726-727 Velleia, 726 Venus’s comb, 363 Venus’s looking-glass, 769 Verea, 108 Vereia, 108 Verulamia, 570 Veslingia, 153 Viburnum, 438-443 Viburnum, 233, 234. 400 Vicatia, 377 Virecta, 521 Virecta, 520, 521 Vireya, 848 Viscoides, 593 Viscum, 402-408 Viscum, 408, 409 Visnaga, 287 Viticella, 204 Vitis idea, 851 768, Viviania, 550. 552. 560 Votomita, 401 WwW. Wahlenbergia, 737-743 Wahlenbergia, 494. 735. 737 Wallichia, 540 Wallrothia, 320 Wallrothia, 290 Water chickweed, 82 Water parsnip, 294-296 Webera, 506, 507 Webera, 563 Wegeila, 444 Water drop-wort, 302-304 Water drop-wort, Hemlock, 303 Wayfaring tree, 441 Wayfaring tree, American, 441 Weinmannia, 197 Weinmannia, 200, 201 Willdenovia, 514 Wendlandia, 517-520 Wendia, 344 Wendtia, 344 Wepferia, 305 White Bird’s Nest, 866 Whortle berry, 852-857 Wild hops, 32 Wild nep, 32 Wild Rosemary, 851. 829 Wild vine, 32 ` Wydleria, 280 Wild cornel-tree, 399 Wild cummin, 370 Windmannia, 197. 199 Winter-green, 863-865 Witch-hazel, 396, 397 Wolf-berry, 451 Woodbine, 445 Woodroof, 637, 640 Wood-rose, 640 Woodrowe, 640 Woodrowel, 640 Woodruff, 640 Wylia, 363, 364 X. Xanthophytum, 520 Xanthosia, 258 Xeranthus, 75 Xylosteum, 446, 448-450 Xylosteon, 446 Y. Yer-nut, 291 Yellow Bird’s nest, 866 Z. Zaleya, 72 Zaluzania, 505 Zamaria, 506 Zanonia, 3-4 Zanthoxylon, 385 Zenobia, 830 Zizia, 276 Zozima, 344, 345 Zozimia, 344, 345 Zucca, 43 Zuccarinia, 487 THE GARDENER’S AND BOTANIST’S DICTIONARY. Orper CIII. CUCURBITA‘CE (plants agreeing with Cuctrbita in important characters). Juss. gen. p. 393. D.C, fl. fr. 3. p.688. Aug. St. Hil. in mem. mus. 9. p. 190-221. Ser. in mem soc. hist. nat. gen. vol. 3. p. 1. D.C. prod. 3. p. 297. Lindl. introd. nat. syst. p. 192. Flowers hermaphrodite, monoecious or dioecious (f. 1. b. c. f. 3. b. c.), axillary. Calyx gamosepalous (f. 3. a. b.), 5-toothed, sometimes obsolete. Corolla 5-petalled (f. 2. a. f. 1. c. f. 3. ¢.), but usually only 5-parted, distinct from the calyx, and some- times somewhat continuous with it, rising from the margin of the torus, sometimes fringed, constantly yellow, white, or red, very cellular, with strongly marked, reticulated veins. Stamens 5, either distinct, or joined in 3 parcels, and sometimes all together ; filaments rarely pilose ; anthers 2-celled, very long, sinuous, rarely ovate and short. Style rarely almost wanting, crowned by 3-5 2-lobed stigmas, which are thick and velvety, but rarely fringed. Ovarium 1-celled, with 3 parietal placentas. Fruit fleshy, more or less succulent, crowned by the scar formed by the calyx, 1-celled (f. 3. e. f. 2. b.), with 3 parietal placentas, which are indicated on the outside by nerves. Umbilical funicle tumid towards the seeds. Seeds frequently obovate, flat, fixed to the parietes of the fruit, enveloped in an arillus, which is either juicy, or dry and membranous ; testa coriaceous, often thick at the margins ; hylum oblique at the top of the seed. Embryo straight, flat, without albumen. Cotyledons foliaceous, pal- mately nerved; radicle basilar, directed towards the hylum.— Roots annual or perennial, fibrous or tuberous. Stems herba- ceous, climbing by means of tendrils. Leaves palmate, or with palmate ribs, succulent, covered with numerous asperities. Ten- drils solitary, lateral, divided or undivided. Flowers solitary, panicled, or in fascicles. Bracteas usually wanting. Branches rising between the leaves and tendrils. This order is nearly related to Passiflére@, to which they are so closely allied, as hardly to be distinguishable, except in their monopetalous corolla, sinuous stamens, unisexual flowers, and exalbuminous seeds, the habit of both being nearly the same. There is an affinity between the order and Campanulacee in the VOL. III. perigynous insertion of the stamens, the inferior ovarium, the single style with several stigmas, the quinary division of the flower, connected with the ternary division of the fruit, and some analogy in the nature of the floral envelopes. The small tribe Nhandirdbee consists of plants having the habit of Cucurbitacee, but some resemblance in their fruit to that of Lecythidee, which, as is well known, border close upon Myr- tacee ; but beyond this resemblance of the fruit, which appears altogether to be a structure of analogy rather than that of affinity, there is nothing to confirm the approachment. Cucurbitacee is one of the most useful orders in the vegetable kingdom, comprehending the melon, the cucumber, the choco, and the various species of gourd and pumpkin, all useful as food for man. A bitter laxative quality perhaps pervades all these, which in the colocynth is so concentrated as to become an active purgative principle. The colocynth of the shops is prepared from the pulp of Cticumus colocynthus ; it is of so drastic and irritating a nature, as to be classed by Orfila among his poisons; but, according to Thunberg, this gourd is rendered perfectly mild at the Cape of Good Hope, by being properly pickled, Ainslie 1. p. 85. The bitter resinous matter in which the active principles of colocynth are supposed to exist, is called by chemists colocynthine. A waxy substance is secreted by the fruit of Benincasa cerifera. It is produced in most abundance at the time of its ripening. Delisle descrip. The leaf of Feuil- lea cordifolia, is asserted by M. Drapiez to be a powerful anti- dote against vegetable poisons. Edinb. phil. journ. 4. p. 221. The fruit of Trichosénthes palmata, pounded small, and inti- mately blended with warm cocoa-nut oil, is considered a valuable application in India for cleansing and healing the offensive sores which sometimes take place in the inside of the ears. It is also supposed to be a useful remedy poured up the nostrils in cases of ozema. Ainslie 2. p. 85. The root of Brydnia possesses powerful purgative properties, but is said to be capable of becoming wholesome food, if properly cooked. The perennial roots of all the order appear to contain similar bitter drastic virtues, especially that of Momérdica elatérium or Squirting 2 CUCURBITACES. Cucumber. An extremely active poisonous principle, called elatine, has also been found in the placentas of the fruit of this plant. It exists in such extremely small quantity, that Dr. Clutterbuck only obtained 6 grains from 40 fruit. Edinb. phil. journ. 3. p. 307. An ingenious explanation of the cause of the singular ejection of the seeds of this plant will be found in Dutrochet’s Nouvelles Recherches sur l’Exosmose. The root of Brydnia rostrata is prescribed in India internally in electuary in cases of piles. It is also used as a demulcent, in the form of powder, That of Brydnia cordif dlia is considered cooling, and to possess virtues in complaints requiring expectorants. Ainslie 2.p.21. The root of Brydnia epige‘a was once supposed to be the famous colomba-root, to which it approaches very nearly in quality. The tender shoots and leaves of Brydnia scabra are aperient, having been previously roasted. Ainslie 2. p. 212. The seeds of all the species are sweet and oily, and capable of forming very readily an emulsion. Those of Ampelosicyos scéndens are as large as chestnuts, and said to be as good as almonds, having a very agreeable flavour. When pressed they yield an abund- ance of oil, equal to that of the finest olives. De Candolle remarks that the seeds of this family never participate in the property of the pulp that surrounds them. Synopsis of the Genera. Trisz I. Nuanpiro sex. Tendrils axillary, in the place of peduncles. Flowers dioecious. 1 Fevurtrea, Calyx of the male flowers 5-cleft. Petals 5, joined at the base. Stamens 5, inserted with the petals, some- times 10, but 5 of them are sterile. Calyx of the female flowers 5-cleft. Petals 5, distinct. Styles 3; stigmas broad, bifid. Fruit globose, fleshy. 2 Zawonia. Male flowers. Calyx 8-lobed (f. 1. a.). Petals 5, joined into a 5-parted rotate, spreading corolla CE ch): Stamens 5, joined at the base; anthers 1-celled. Female flowers. Calyx with a long turbinate tube, and a 5-lobed limb. Corolla as in the male flowers. Styles 3, spreading, bifid at the apex. Fruit long, turbinate, fleshy ; seeds winged (f. 1. d. é.). Trise II. Cucursr'tEx. Tendrils lateral, stipular. phrodite, dioecious, or monoecious. 8 Lacena‘ria. Calyx campanulate, with subulate or broadish segments ; corolla white; petals obovate. Stamens 5, triadel- phous. Stigmas 3, thick, 2-lobed. Fruit 3-5-celled. Flowers dioecious. 4 Cucumis. Calyx tubularly-campanulate, with subulate segments. Petals almost distinct. Stamens 5, in 3 parcels. Stig- mas 3, thick, bipartite. Fruit 3-6-celled. or hermaphrodite, yellow. 5 Lurra. Male flowers panicled; tube of calyx hemisphe- rical. Petals distinct. Stamens 5, free; anthers very sinuous. Female flowers solitary ; tube of calyx clavate. form. Fruit ovate, 3-celled. Flowers yellow. 6 Bentnca'sa. Flowers polygamous, monoecious, solitary ; Flowers herma- Flowers. monoecious Stigmas reni- calycine segments with undulated, toothed margins. Petals obovate, spreading, curled. Stamens in 3 parcels; anthers irregular, with distant circumvolutions. Stigmas very thick. Flowers yellow. 7 Eryruropa‘tum. Flowers monoecious. obsoletely 5-toothed. Petals 5, bicallous at base inside. mens 5, rising from the edge of the tube. Style short. clavate, 1-celled, 3-valved, 1-seeded. 8 Tu'r1A. Flowers monoecious. Male ones umbellate. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla 5-petalled. Stamens 5, in 3 parcels ; anthers irregularly undulated. Stamens barren in the female flowers. Stigmas 3, 2-lobed. Fruit cylindrical, villous, warted. 9 Bryon1a. Flowers monoecious or dioecious ; petals almost distinct. Male flowers. Calyx 5-toothed. Stamens in 3 parcels. Anthers flexuous. Female flowers. Style trifid. Fruit ovate or globose, smooth. Tendrils usually simple, seldom bifid. 10 Srcyos. Flowers monoecious. Male flowers. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla 5-parted. Filaments 3. Female flower. Style trifid ; stigmas thickish, trifid. Fruit 1-seeded from abor- tion, usually beset with spines. Peduncles many-flowered. 11 Exare‘rrum. Flowers monoecious; male ones racemose or corymbose. Calyx with inconspicuous teeth. Corolla hardly gamopetalous. Filaments and anthers joined. Female flowers solitary. Calyx echinated at the base, with the neck filiform. Style crowned by a capitate stigma. Capsule coriaceous, reni- form, echinated, 1-celled, 2-3-valved, many-seeded, bursting elastically. Flowers yellow or white. 12 Momérpica. Flowers monoecious ; peduncles filiform, unibracteate. Male flowers. Calyx 5-cleft, with a very short tube. Corolla 5-parted. Stamens in 3 parcels ; anthers con- nected. Female flowers with 3 sterile filaments. Style trifid. Ovarium 3-celled. Fruit generally muricated, bursting elas- tically when mature. 13 Neurosrr’rma. Flowers monoecious. Male flowers. Calyx and corolla 5-parted. Stamens 5, diadelphous, having 2 glands alternating with the bundles. Female flowers. Calyx and corolla parted. Ovarium beset with 8 series of warts. Style trifid, girded by 3 glands at the base ; stigmas 2-lobed. Fruit fleshy, 3-celled, but when mature 1-celled, 3-9-seeded. 14 Sr’curum. Flowers monoecious, yellow. Calyx 5-toothed, with 10 foveole. Corolla joined with the calyx. Stamens 4-5, monadelphous. Style thick; stigma capitate, 3-5-cleft. Fruit obcordate, 1-seeded. 15 Mexérnrra, Limb of calyx Sta- Fruit Flowers monoecious. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla campanulate ; petals ciliated or toothed, never fringed. Filaments 5, in 3 parcels. Style 1; stigmas 8, fringed. Fruit 3-celled, many-seeded. 16 Tricnosa’nrues. Flowers monoecious, white. Male flowers. Calyx subclavate, 5-parted, appendiculate. Corolla 5-parted, ciliated (f. 2. a.). Filaments 3. Anthers joined. Female flowers. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla 5-parted, laciniately cili- ated (f. 2. a.). Style trifid (f. 2. d.). Stigmas oblong, subulate. Fruit oblong (f. 2. b.), 1 or 3-9-celled. 17 Ampetosicyos. Flowers dioecious. Male flowers. Calyx turbinate, 5-cleft (f. 3. a.); segments denticulated (£ 3. b.) CUCURBITACEE. Corolla 5-petalled(f. 3. c.) ; petals oblong, fringed (f. 3. d.). Sta- mens 5, in 3 parcels. Female flowers. Limb of calyx 5-toothed. Corolla as in the male. Stigma capitate, 3-lobed, ex Bojer. Fruit fleshy, 2-3 feet long, and 8 inches thick, elongated, fur- rowed (f. 3. e.). Flowers purple. 18 Cucu’reita. Flowers monoecious, yellow. together, and with the calyx. Male flowers. late. Stamens 5, in 3 bundles and syngenesious. Anthers curved at both ends. Female flowers. Calyx clavate, narrowed towards the apex. Stigmas 3, thickish, 2-lobed. Fruit 3-5- celled. 19 ĪNVOLUCRA`RIA. Petals joined Calyx campanu- Flowers monoecious. Male ones um- bellate, sessile ; bracteas reniform, fringe-toothed, involucrum- formed. Tube of calyx obconical ; sepals linear, acute. An- thers joined together. Female flowers solitary, on long pe- duncles. 20 Mourrcia. Flowers monoecious. Calyx 5-parted, in- closed in a large undivided, 1-flowered sheath. Corolla cam- panulate, 5-petalled. Stamens 5, in 3 bundles, and syngenesious. Style 1; stigmas 3, sagittate, horizontal. Berry muricated, 1- celled, many-seeded. 21 Awncu'r1a. Flowers monoecious. Male flowers. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed. Corolla joined with the calyx, ven- tricose, red, 5-parted. Stamens 2. Female flowers with a calyx and corolla as in the males, and 2 sterile stamens. Style semi- bifid ; stigmas bifid. Fruit 2-4-celled, many-seeded, somewhat tetragonal. + Genera not sufficiently known. 22 Zu’cca. Flowers solitary, axillary. Bractea large, con- cave, involving a large, coloured, 5-sepalled calyx, and girded by 5 scales at the base. Stamens 5. 23 Auta‘sta. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx gamosepalous, girded by a short involucrum. Segments 5, acutish, pilose. Corolla 4-petalled ; petals pilose. Stamens 4, but more pro- bably 8, joined by twos; anthers 2-lobed. Style subulate, crowned by an acute stigma. Berry fleshy, large, oblong, ob- tuse, 1-celled, many-seeded. 24 Gronovia. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx funnel- shaped, 5-parted ; scales 5, linear, petal-formed, pellucid, alter- nate with the calycine segments. Stamens 5, free, alternating with the scales. Style crowned by a capitate stigma. Berry dry, nearly globose, 1-seeded, crowned by the dry permanent calyx. 25 Kérsia. Flowers dioecious ? Calyx gamosepalous, with a crenulated edge. Corolla gamopetalous, 5-lobed ; lobes with glandular edges. Nectary? 5-leaved; lobes with feathery ciliated edges. Stamens 5, monadelphous; filaments short ; anthers long, conniving. ribe I. NHANDIRO'BEE (plants agreeing with Nhandiroba in im- portant characters), St. Hil. ann. mus. 9. p. 215. Turp. dict. sc. nat. atlas. icon. 2. D. C. prod. 3. p. 297. Tendrils axillary, peduncular. Flowers dioecious. I, FEUI'LLEA (in honour of Louis Feuillée, a traveller in Chili; author of Journal des Observations physiques, mathéma- I. FEvi,uza. II. Zanonta. 3 tiques, et botaniques, faites dans ]’Amerique Meridionale, &c. 8 vols. 4to. Paris. vols. 1 and 2. 1714. and 8. 17265.). Lin. gen. 1118. Juss. gen. 397. Lam. ill. t. 815. D.C. prod. 3. p. 297.—_Fevillea, Pers. syst. regl. ed. 15. p. 929.—Nhandi- ròba, Plum. gen. 20, t. 27. Lin. syst. Dioècia, Pentándria. Flowers dioecious. Male flowers. Calyx 5-cleft beyond the middle. Petals 5, rather joined at the base, inserted in the throat of the calyx, and alter- nating with the sepals. Stamens 5, inserted with the petals, and alternating with them, sometimes 10, but when this is the case, 5 of which are always sterile. (ex Juss.) Anthers 2-celled, didymous. Female flowers. Tube of calyx adnate to the ova- rium; limb 5-cleft. Petals 5, distinct, or joined at the base, oblong. Lamellze or abortive stamens 5, sometimes alternating with the petals (ex Juss.). Styles 3. Stigmas broad, bluntly bifid. Fruit globose, fleshy, 3-celled, indehiscent, with solid bark and a large fleshy trigonal central axis; cells many ovu- late. Ovula erect from the centre. Seeds compressed, oval. Embryo straight. Cotyledons flat, rather fleshy.—Intratropical American, rather frutescent climbing herbs. Leaves alternate, petiolate, exstipulate, palmately nerved, cordate, glabrous. Tendrils axillary, spirally twisted, in place of peduncles. Pe- duncles axillary, 1 or many-flowered. Flowers small. Seeds oily, bitter. This genus has a habit emulating Passiflora. Fruit in the form of that of Couroupita, a genus of Lecythidee. 1 F. puncta‘ra (Poir. dict. 4. p. 418.) leaves 3-lobed or ternate, beset with glandular dots on both surfaces along the nerves, but more especially beneath; lobes of leaves lanceolate, rather cut. %.^. S. Native of St. Domingo. Trichosanthes punctata, Lin. spec. 1432. amoen. acad. 3. p. 423. exclusive of the country. Fevillea trilobata, Reich. syst. 4. p. 253. Dotted-leaved Feuillea. PI. cl. 2 F. rrimopa‘ra (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 1014.) leaves rather glandular on both surfaces, 3-parted or trifid; lower lobes ob- tuse, upper ones acute. 2.%.S. Native of Brazil. F. scán- dens /3, Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 1457. F. hederacea, Poir. dict. 4. p- 419. Chandirdba or Nhandiréba, Margr. bras. 46. lower figure. Three-lobed-leaved Feuillea. PI. cl. 8 F. corDIròLIA (Poir. dict. 4. p. 418.) leaves glandless, cordate, acuminated, or somewhat 3-lobed, and rather serrated. Y.~.S. Native of the West Indies. Plum. ed Burm. t. 209. F. scandens a, Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 1457. F. hederacea, Turp. in dict. sc. nat. with a figure. The leaves of this species are said to be a powerful antidote against vegetable poisons. Heart-leaved Feuillea. PI. cl. 4 F. Javirta (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 124.) leaves glandless, roundish, sinuately cordate, acuminated. 2. ^, S. Native of New Granada, in woods near Turbaco, where it is called Javilla by the inhabitants. Seeds with subalate mar- gins, hence this species agrees with the genus Zandnia. Javilla Feuillea. Pl. cl. Cult. A light rich soil will suit the species of Feuillea ; and cuttings of them will root readily under a hand-glass, in heat. They are well fitted for training up rafters in stoves. II. ZANO'NIA (named in memory of Giacomo Zanoni, for- merly Prefect of the Botanic Garden at Bologna, author of Istoria Botanica, Bol. 1675. fol. edited in Latin by Monti, 1742. He died 1682, aged 67.). Lin. gen. 1117. Juss. gen. 397. Lam. ill. t. 816. Blum. bijdr. p. 937. D. C. prod. 3. p- 298. but not of Plum. Lin. syst. Dioécia, Monadélphia. Flowers dioecious. Male. Calyx 3-lobed (f. 1. a.). Petals 5, joined into a 5-parted rotate corolla (f. 1. b.c.). Stamens 5 (f. 1. ¢.); filaments flat, con- nected at the base; anthers 1-celled, adnate to the tops of the filaments. Female. Tube of calyx long, turbinate ; limb 5- B2 4 CUCURBITACEE. II. lobed. Corolla as in the male. Styles 3, spreading, bifid at the apex. Fruit long, turbinate, fleshy, having a circular line at the apex, formed from the vestige of the calyx, opening by 3 valves at the top, 3-celled; the rind solid: central placenta fleshy, large, trigonal; cells biovulate. Seeds ovate, mar- gined by a foliaceous wing (f. 1. e. d.),, exalbuminous. Embryo inverted.—Smooth, climbing, Indian plants. Leaves alternate, petiolate, exstipulate, ovate-lanceolate, cordate at the base, acuminated, quite entire. Tendrils axillary. Peduncles also axillary and racemose. This genus, from the general form of the fruit, is like the genus Courttari, but from the characters it is allied to Feuillea. The interior fabric of the seeds is unknown. Secr. I. Zanonta (see genus for derivation). Blum. l. c. Cells of fruit 2-seeded. Fruit elongated, somewhat tetragonal. EIGHT 1 Z. I’nvica (Lin. spec. 1157.) leaves elliptic, acute, rather cordate at the base ; racemes axillary. h.%.S. Native of Malabar, Ceylon, and Java. Blum. l. c. Pe- narválli, Rheed. mal. 8. t. 47 and 48. Indian Zanonia. Pl). cl. Secr. II. Atsomirra (from aàøgoç, alsos, a grove, and purpa, mitra, a girdle ; the plants grow in groves and entwine round the trees by means of ring-like ten- drils.). Blum. 1. c- Cells of ovarium many-seeded. apex, or elongated. 2 Z. macroca’rpa (Blum. l. c.) leaves ovate-elliptic, acutish, rounded at the base; racemes axillary. h. S. Native of Java, on the mountains of Parang. Large-fruited Zanonia. Pl. cl. 3 Z. sarcorny'LLA (Wall. pl. rar. asiat. 2. p. 28. t. 133.) leaves trifoliate; leaflets thick, fleshy, ovate, obtuse, quite Fruit hemispherical, truncate at the entire. h. |. S. Native of the East Indies, in sterile ex- posed situations along the banks of the Irawaddi. The plant climbs by means of simple and slender tendrils. The, leaves are of a pale glaucous colour. Flowers small, very numerous, forming ample, greenish, nodding panicles. The different sexes are produced in distinct plants. Fleshy-leaved Zanonia. Shrub cl. 4 Z.ciavicera (Wall. 1. c.) smooth ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets oblong, acuminated, quite entire; fruit large, clavate. h. . S. Native of Silhet, where it is called in the Bengalee language Kishnobera. The fruit is 3 inches long, and as thick as a thumb. Club-bearing Zanonia. Shrub cl. 5 Z. ancura‘ta (Wall. 1. c.) smooth; stem angular; leaves simple, somewhat hastately lanceolate, cordate at the base; fruit large, clavate. h. |. S. Native of Silhet. The fruit is as long as a finger, and very thick. Angular-stemmed Zanonia. Shrub cl. 6 Z. cisstoipes (Wall. 1. c.) stem filiform, angular ; leaves pedate, with 5 or 7 leaflets; leaflets lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, coarsely and cuspidately serrated; petioles and pe- duncles pilose. k.. S. Native of Nipaul. Cissus-like Zanonia. Shrub cl. T Z. taxa (Wall. l. c. p. 29.) stem filiform, much branched, bifariously pilose; leaves trifoliate; leaflets acuminated, ser- rated, intermediate one lanceolate, lateral ones half cordate ; petioles and peduncles pilose. h.. S. Native of Silhet. Zanonta. III. Lacenaria. Loose Zanonia. Shrub cl. 8 Z. HETEROSPE’RMA (Wall. 1. c.) stem filiform, very slender; leaves pedate, with 5 leaflets; leaflets lanceolate, acuminated, serrated; capsule clavate, angular, borne on very long capil- laceous peduncles ; seeds scabrous from scales. h.o. S. Na- tive of Mount Taong Dong, near Ava. Capsule chartaceous, trigonal, 8 lines long, with a 3-toothed mouth. The scales on the seeds are elegantly imbricated, and girded by a narrow margin. Variable-seeded Zanonia. Shrub cl. Cult. See Feuillea, p. 3. for the culture and propagation of the species. Tribe II. CUCURBI'TEE (plants agreeing with Cucúrbita in impor- tant characters). D. C. prod. 3. p. 299. Tendrils lateral, stipular. Flowers hermaphrodite, dioecious, or monoecious. II]. LAGENA‘RIA (from lagena, a bottle ; form of fruit of some of the species). Ser. diss. ].c. D.C. prod. 3, p. 299.— Cuciirbita species of authors. Lin. syst. Dioécia, Polydélphia. Calyx campanulate ; segments subulate or broadish, shorter than the tube. Corolla white ; petals obovate, rising from beneath the margin of the calyx. Male. Stamens 5, in 3 parcels, the fifth one free. Female. Style almost wanting; stigmas 3, thick, 2-lobed, granular. Fruit 3-5? celled. Seeds obovate, compressed, 2-lobed at the apex, with tumid margins. Flowers monoecious. 1 L. vutea'ris (Ser. mss. ex D.C. prod. 3. p. 299.) plant musky scented, clothed with soft pubescence; stems climbing ; tendrils 3-4-cleft ; leaves cordate, nearly entire, biglandular at the base, pilose, rather glaucescent ; flowers monoecious, stel- late, spreading much, in fascicles ; connectives of anthers beset with oblong-ovate, acute papillae; fruit pubescent, but when mature quite smooth; flesh white, edible. ©. H. Native within the tropics. Cuctrbita lagenaria, Lin. spec. 1434. Sieb. hort. 1. t. 69.—Rumph. amb. 5. t. 144.—Mor. hist. 2. p. 23. sect. 57. t. 5. f. 1, 2, 3. Flowers large, white. Fruit shaped like a bottle ; when ripe of a pale yellow colour, some near 6 feet long, with a roundish bottom and a neck ; the rind becoming hard, and being dried, contains water; it is then of a pale bay colour. The bottle-gourd is called Charrah by the Arabians. The poor people eat it, boiled with vinegar, or fill the shells with rice and meat, thus making a kind of pudding of it. It grows in all parts of Egypt and Arabia, wherever the moun- tains are covered with rich soil. In Jamaica and many other places within the tropics, the shells are generally used for holding water or palm wine, and serve as bottles. The pulp of the fruit is often employed in resolutive poultices; it is bitter and purga- tive, and may be used instead of colocynth. Var. a, gotirda (Ser. mss. ex D. C. 1. c) fruit unequally bi- ventricose.— Moris, hist. sect. 1. t. 5. f. 1. Dodon. pempt. 668. f.1. Bottle gourd. Gourde des pélerins. Var. B, gougotirda (Ser. l. c.) fruit ventricose at the base, neck oblong.—Rumph. amb. 5. p. 398. t. 144. Braam, icon. chin. t.17. Commonly called Gougourde. Var. y, depréssa (Ser. 1. c.) fruit globose, depressed. Var. ò, turbinata (Ser. l. c.) fruit somewhat campanulately pear-shaped. Mor. hist. sect. 1. t. 5. f. 2. Dodon. pempt. t669- feel Var. e, clavata (Ser. mss.) fruit obovate-oblong, club-shaped. —Moris. hist. sect. 1. t. 5. f. 3. Dodon. pempt. 669. f. 2. Gourde trompette, Gourde massue, or Trumpet gourd. Common Bottle Gourd. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1597. Pl. trail. 2 L. virra‘ra (Ser. l. c.) leaves roundish-cordate, somewhat repand, obsoletely denticulated, rough ; peduncles crowded, 1- flowered; fruit pear-shaped, striped lengthwise, puberulous. CUCURBITACEZ. ©. H. Native country unknown, but collected in the gardens of India. Bonteng-suri of the Hindoos. Cucurbita vittata, Blun, bijdr. p. 932. Ribbed Gourd. PI. cl. 3 L.? mrsrpa (Ser. l. c.) greyish, pilose; leaves cordate, 5-angled, acuminated, denticulated, beset with pedicellate glands beneath; stem and petioles densely hispid; flowers densely clothed with ferruginous hairs. ©.F. Native of Japan and the East Indies. Cucúrbita hispida, Thunb. fl. jap p. 322. and Willd. spec. 4. p. 608. Waluh of the Indians. Perhaps only a variety of L. vulgaris. Hispid Gourd, Pl. trailing. 4 L.? mora’trica (Ser. l. c.) leaves cordate, cuspidate, obso- letely 3-lobed, pubescent, biglandular at the base; lateral lobes very short and cuspidate; fruit pear-shaped. ©@.F. Native of Guinea and the East Indies. Cucúrbita Idolatrica, Willd. spec. 4. p. 607. Blum. bijdr. p. 930. Labu-eyer and Kukuk of the Hindoos. Perhaps only a variety of L. vulgaris. In India the fruit of this plant is held in great veneration by the Hindoos, in their religious ceremonies. Worshipped Gourd. Pl. trailing. Cult. See Cucúrbita, p. 41. for culture and propagation. 1V. CUCUMIS (said to be from xuvog or Suxvoc. Varro says, “ Cucumeres dicuntur a curvore, ut curvimeres dicti”). Lin. gen. no. 1479. Juss. gen, p. 395. Gærtn. fruct. t.-88. D. C. prod. 3. p. 299.—Cùcumis and Melo, Tourn. inst. p. 104. Colocinthis, Tourn, inst. p. 107.—Rigocárpus, Neck. elem. bot. no. 386. Lin. syst. Dioècia, Polyadélphia. Calyx tubularly campa- nulate ; segments subulate, hardly the length of the tube. Petals hardly joined together or to the calyx.—Male. Stamens 5, in 3 parcels.—Female. Stigmas 3, thick, bipartite. Fruit 3-6-celled. Seeds ovate, compressed, not marginate. Flowers monoecious or hermaphrodite, yellow. 1 C. mE ro (Lin. spec. 1436.) stem trailing, scabrous, cir- rhiferous ; leaves roundish, angular, petiolate; male flowers having the tube of the calyx rather ventricose at the base, and rather dilated at the apex ; stamens inclosed; anthers shorter than their connectives; the hermaphrodite flowers with the an- thers as in the males; stigmas 3-4, shortly 2-lobed; fruit ovate or sub-globose, 8-12-furrowed ; flesh sugary, yellow, red, or white. ©. F. Native of Asia. Called rhetimou by the Hindoos; Melon, Engl. and Fr.; Melone, Germ. ; Mellone, Ital. The melon is a tender annual, producing one of the richest fruits brought to the dessert, and has been cultivated in England since 1570, but the precise time of its introduction is unknown. It was originally brought to this country from Jamaica, and was, till within the last fifty years, called the musk-melon. The fruit, to be grown to perfection, requires the aid of artificial heat and glass throughout every stage of its culture. Its minimum tem- perature may be estimated at 65°, in which it will germinate and grow ; but it requires a heat of from 75° to 80° to ripen its fruit, which, in ordinary cases, it does in 4 months from the time of sowing the seed. A Varieties.—There are numerous varieties, many of which, especially those raised from seeds brought from Italy and Spain, are not worth cultivating. The best sorts are included under the name of Cantaloups, an appellation bestowed on them from a seat of the Pope near Rome, where this variety is supposed to have been originally produced. The general character of the Cantaloups is a roundish form, rough, warty, or netted outer rind ; neither very large in fruit or leaves. The Romanas, an Italian sort, is next in esteem, are generally oval-shaped, regu- larly netted ; the fruit and leaves middle-sized, and the plants great bearers. Many varieties of both these sorts, however, Ill. Lacenaria. IV. Cucumis. 5 that were formerly in esteem, are now lost, degenerated, or sup- planted by others of Spanish or Persian origin. The following is a descriptive list of the sorts. List of Melons. Var. a, reticulàtus (Ser. in D.C. prod. 3. p. 300.) fruit roundish or oblong, with a grey reticulated rind.—Blackw. herb. t. 329. The following sorts of melons belong to this variety :— 1 Beechwood melon. This is an excellent, early, greenish yellow kind, with a netted rind and a greenish-white flesh, of a middle size. 2 Melon maraicher. The flesh of this sort is very thick and watery; hardly sweet-scented. 3 Melon de Fonfleur. A late melon, with a thin yellow rind, and pale red sugary flesh. It is of inferior quality but large in size. 4 Melon des Carmes. A well-flavoured large fruit, with a thick orange rind, and juicy sugary pulp. 5 Melon de Langeais. A middle-sized, ribbed fruit, with orange-coloured, sugary, sweet-scented flesh. 6 Melon sucrin de Tours. Fruit large, with firm, sugary, orange-coloured flesh. 7 Sucrin à chair blanche. 8 Sucrin à chassis. 9 Sucrin vert. 10 Sucrin à petits grains. 11 Succada. A late green middle-sized netted melon. Var. B, Cantalùpo (Ser. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 300.) fruit large, with broadly ribbed, and furrowed, warted, thick rind. The fol- lowing sorts belong to this variety. 1 Early Cantaloup. A deep-furrowed, early, middle-sized kind, with white, deeply-furrowed, thin skin; and orange-coloured flesh, not very highly flavoured. It sets well, and is a great bearer. 2 Silver cantaloup. Cantaloup argenté. A _ shallow-fur- rowed, middle-sized fruit, and before it is full grown is mixed with silver and green. 3 Large black Holland cantaloup. Cantaloup gros noir de Hollande. A large fruit, with green, furrowed, thin rind: and red rather coarse flesh. 4 Hybrid cantaloup. A small good early fruit, with a whitish rind and red pulp. 5 Montagu cantaloup. This is a variety produced from the Italian green-fleshed and the smooth scarlet-fleshed cantaloup. A middle-sized, early good fruit, but with a thick, yellow, fur- rowed rind and pale red flesh, which is soft and juicy, and com- pletely melting in the mouth. 6 Netted cantaloup, or White-seeded cantaloup. This is a very juicy, highly-flavoured, small fruit, with a thin, netted, yellow rind. 7 Orange cantaloup. A small, round, pale yellow, netted fruit. The flesh, when just fit for cutting, is orange ; but when riper it is more red. In respect to flavour, it is excelled by none of the melon tribe, being juicy, sugary, and rich. The plant is a free grower, an early setter, and a great bearer. 8 Black rock cantaloup. A large late melon, with a thick dark green rind, and salmon-coloured flesh. It is juicy, but not very high flavoured. 9 Carbuncled rock cantaloup. Very like the black rock, as to colour and flavour, but differs in being cheese-shaped. There are a small and a large kind of this; the smaller kind is the best. : 10 Lee’s rock cantaloup. Rather long than round, and more green than black. Much the same in flavour as the preceding. 11 Scarlet-fleshed cantaloup. A middle-sized early gocd fruit, with a thick yellow rind and red sweet flesh. It is par- ticularly high flavoured. 6 CUCURBITACEZ. IV. Cucumis. 12 Italian green-fleshed. A middle-sized early good fruit, with a thick yellow rind and green flesh: in flavour both rich and sweet. 13 Ionian . green-fleshed cantaloup. A large thin-skinned lemon-coloured and lemon-scented fruit, of excellent flavour, but not a great bearer. 14 Egyptian green-fleshed. A middle-sized early good fruit, with a thin white netted skin and green flesh: in flavour resem- bling the preceding. 15 Dutch green-fleshed. An indifferent sort. 16 Crimea green-fleshed. A useless late fruit, of middling size, with a thin green skin and pale red flesh. 17 Persian green-fleshed. A middle-sized, green, thin- skinned sort, with green flesh. Not good. 18 Green-fleshed Masulipatam. A very small and excellent early sort, with green skin and green flesh. 19 Green-fleshed Valparaiso. Not very good. 20 Red-fleshed Valparaiso. 21 Dutch rock. A rather large good fruit, with a thick yellow rind, and orange-coloured flesh. 22 Earlyrock. A good early fruit. 23 Golden rock. A middle-sized fruit, with a thick yellow rind and pale red flesh, of excellent flavour. 24 Scarlet rock. 25 Silver rock. A large late fruit, with a thick yellow rind, and pale red flesh, which is juicy, sweet, and well-flavoured. 26 Netted scarlet-fleshed. A good sort. 27 Smooth scarlet-fleshed. A middle-sized fruit, of excellent flavour. The rind is thick, smooth, and yellow, and the flesh orange-coloured. 28 Windsor scarlet-fleshed. A rather large, excellent-fla- voured, late kind, with thick green rind, and salmon-coloured flesh. 29 Lee’s Romana, A middle-sized, longish, shallow-furrowed fruit. Rind hard, partly netted, and pale yellow: the flesh full yellow and pretty high flavoured, but not very juicy. 80 Large netted Romana. The largest of the romanas, regu- larly netted all over, and shallow-furrowed, often attaining a large size. Rind hard and pale yellow, the flesh full yellow, but not very juicy: very high-flavoured, if eaten sharp ripe. 31 Fairs Romana. A small oval fruit, the rind greenish yellow when ripe, and the flesh a pale yellow, not very juicy ; but well-flavoured and agreeable. 82 Early Polignac, An early rich middle-sized fruit, with a thick yellow rind, and pale red flesh. It is in frequent cul- tivation. 33 Portugal. There are two varieties of this kind, a small and a large sort; they are noted as good bearers and early. 34 Sweet Italian. A large orange-coloured sort, of moderate quality. 35 Netted succado. A middle-sized late green-skinned sort. 36 Small Levant. A middle-sized sort, with a thick green skin and pale red flesh. Not of good quality. 37 Smooth yellow-fleshed Valparaiso. A middle-sized, late, green, thin-skinned sort ; the flesh white, of moderate flavour. 88 Brasilian. An inferior middle-sized sort, with thin green skin and orange-coloured flesh. 39 Melon d'été d’Odesse. A rather large, later, indifferent fruit, with thin orange skin and white flesh. 40 Melon d’Olor. A very small fruit, with yellow skin and white flesh, of good quality. 41 Netied French melon. A rather large late fruit, with a thick yellow rind and yellow flesh, of bad quality. ; 42 Nutmeg. A late green, thick-skinned sort, with white esh. 43 Queen Ann’s melon, early queen, or queen’s pocket melon. A very small fruit, with ornamental striped thin skin, and white flesh. 44 Carthagena. A large high-flavoured fruit, with a thick orange-coloured rind and pale red flesh. 45 Cassabar. A large late fruit, with green thin skin, and white flesh. 46 Cephalonia. A large oblong fruit, with thin yellow skin and green flesh, of tolerable flavour. 47 Choufleur. A large fruit of little use; the skin is thick and yellow, and the flesh pale red. 48 Gahoon. A large late fruit, of little value ; with yellow skin and yellow flesh. 49 Geree, ostrich egg. A middle-sized late fruit, of excel- lent flavour : the skin as well as the flesh is green. The plant is rather tender. 50 Gros Prescott fond blanc. A large late fruit, with a thick yellow rind, and orange-coloured flesh. 51 Petit Prescott. Fruit depressed, crowned at the top; ribs warted: flesh delicious. 52 Cantaloup natif d'Allemagne. An early fruit, with a greenish-yellow smoothish rind, but not of good quality. 53 Cantaloup boule de Siam. Fruit very much depressed, with a dark green rind, full of warted ribs. 3 54 Hardy ridge. A middle-sized late fruit, with a thick yellow rind and red flesh, of good flavour. A list of melons which are hardly known; but none of them are perhaps worth cultivation, 1 De Andalousie. 2 Cantaloup à chair verte. à fond noir. 5 Cantaloup Galleux. 6 Chili musk. 7 Crimea. 8 Citron. 9 D’Espagne. 10 Fagos. 11 Fin hatif. 12 Gol- den egg. 13 Grand Mogul. 14 Green Spanish oval. 15 Gros Galleux à chair verte. 16 Hardy scarlet-fleshed. 17 Highclere. 18 D’Hiver. 19 Large Astrachan. 20 Levant. 21 Melon gris des Carmes, 22 Melon of Honda. 23 Melon of Jaffa. 24 Melon Turc. 25 Madeira. 26 Mendoza. 27 Le Mogul. 28 Du Peron. 29 Pine apple or Melon d’Ananas. 30 Musk melon. 31 Carthagena musk melon. 32 Murray's pine-apple. 83 Noir de Hollande très gros. 34 Turkish melon. 35 Valen- tia or winter melon. 36 Wynestay. Var. y, Malténsis (Ser. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 800.) fruit with a smooth thin rind. This variety is divisible into two parts, as Maltese Melons and Persian Melons. 3 Cantaloup * Maltese melons. 1 Melon de Malte blanc or Melon de Malte à chair blanche. An early middle-sized ovate-oblong fruit, with white watery sugary flesh? 2 Melon de Malte jaune. Flesh of fruit orange-coloured, sweet-scented. 3 Melon de la Morée ou de Candie, or Melon de Malte d'hiver. This kind is cultivated in various countries bordering on the. Mediterranean sea, and particularly in the orange gardens at Hiers, near Toulon, whence its fruit is sent to Paris. The skin is thin; the flesh white, firm, sugary, and juicy ; not rich, but pleasant. The shape oval, size about a foot long and eight inches broad; of a dark green colour. This fruit is regularly imported, and may be had in the fruit shops from September to January. * * Persian melons. 1 Daree. A good-sized fruit; skin thin and green; flesh white, high-flavoured. A late fruit. 2 Dampsha melon. An excellent, late, rather large fruit, of nearly a cylindrical form, and netted ; rind thin and yellow when ripe; flesh green, quite melting, and of excellent flavour. The fruit will keep, if hung up by its stalk, for some time. 3 Large germek. An excellent early green-skinned sort, of considerable size ; flesh green, CUCURBITACE. IV. Cucumis. 7 4 Small germek. This is much smaller than the last-named sort; the skin is yellow and the flesh green. 5 Goorgab. A middle-sized late fruit, with yellow rind and white flesh. A useless sort. 6 Green Hoosaimee. A middle-sized late sort, of good quality ; rind thin, green; flesh white. 7 Striped Hoosainee. A very good late sort, with greenish- yellow rind, and white flesh. 8 Kasan sugar melon. A good sort. 9 Keiseng. This is said to be one of the best Persian melons ; the skin is thin, pale yellow, and red, and the flesh white. 10 Kurchaing. A very good sort, of considerable size; the skin is lemon-coloured, and the flesh white. 11 Melon of Erivan. 12 Melon of Gerger. skin and red flesh. 13 Melon of Nukshevan, This is an excellent late kind ; the skin is yellow, and the pulp white. 14 Melon of Nusserabad. 15 Melon of Seen. Amiddle-sized fruit of indifferent quality. It is a late sort, with yellow rind and green flesh. 16 Green Persian. A fruit of indifferent flavour. 17 Oldaker’s Persian. A fruit of considerable size but no merit ; the rind is orange-coloured, and the flesh green. 18 Sir Gore Ouseley’s Persian. A large fruit of good quality ; the skin is yellow and the flesh white. 19 Sweet melon of Ispahan. This is said to be one of the very best melons. Itgrows to a large size; the skin is yellow and the flesh green, crisp, sugary, and rich in taste. 20 Talibee melon. 21 Teheran melon. 22 Salonica. A round fruit, with a gold-coloured rind, and white flesh; improves in flavour and richness till it becomes quite soft ; consistence of its pulp nearly that of a water melon, and very sweet. On the degeneracy of the larger varieties of Persian melons.— Mr. Knight thinks that it would be strange if every large and excellent variety of melon did not degenerate, under our ordi- nary modes of culture. For every large and excellent variety of melon, must necessarily have been the production of high culture and abundant food; and a continuance of the same measures to it, in its highly improved state, must be necessary to prevent its receding in successive generations from that state. Abundant food, it is true, is generally, perhaps always, given by the British gardener to his melon plants: but sufficient light, under the most favourable circumstances, can only be obtained during a part of the year, and a sufficient breadth of foliage to enable the melon plant properly to nourish a fruit of large size and rich saccharine quality, so that it may obtain the highest state of growth and perfection which it is capable of acquiring, has rarely, and probably never, been given in any season of the year, by any British gardener. Mr. Knight has cultivated the Sweet Ispahan melon, and found it a very superior variety. He has cultivated this variety generally in brick pits, surrounded by hollow walls, through which warm atmospheric air at all times enters abundantly; putting each plant in a separate large pot, and suffering it to bear one melon only: but the fruit sets sufficiently well in a common hot-bed. The rind of the Jspa- han melon, being very soft and thin, the fruit is apt to sustain injury on the lower side; they should be raised above the ground a little by some means while young, so as the air may pass under them. When seeds of the Jspahan melon are orly wanted, it is quite time enough to sow in the beginning of April, so that the fruit may ripen in August. Very valuable varieties of melons may be obtained, for one generation at least, by cross breeding among the smaller and more hardy varieties 8 A middle-sized good fruit, with yellow of green and white-fleshed melons and the large Persian va- rieties. It is generally supposed that the offspring of cross- bred plants, as of animals, usually present great irregularity and variety of character ; but if a male of permanent character and habits, and, of course not cross-bred, be selected, that will com- pletely overrule the disposition to sport irregularly in the cross- bred variety ; alike in the animal and vegetable world, the per- manent habit always controlling and prevailing over the variable. The finest varieties of melon are usually supposed by gardeners to be fruits of as easy culture as the pine-apple, but experience has led us to draw a contrary conclusion. If the leaves of the melon plant be suddenly exposed to the influence of the sun in a bright day, which has succeeded a few cloudy days, for a short time only, they frequently become irreparably injured. If the air of the bed be kept a little too damp, the stems of the plants often canker, and the leaves and stalks sustain injury in the common hot-bed; and, if the air be too dry, the plants, and consequently the fruit, are injured by the depredations of the red spider.—Loud. gard. mag. vol. 7. pp. 186, 187, 188. In the cultivation of the melon, Knight observes, “ it is a matter of much importance to procure proper seed. Some gardeners are so scrupulous on this point, that they will not sow the seed unless they have seen and tasted the fruit from which they were taken. It is proper, at least, not to trust to seeds which have not been collected by judicious persons. Some make it a rule to preserve always the seeds of those individual specimens which are first ripe, and even to take them from the ripest side of the fruit. A criterion of the goodness and probable fertility is generally sought by throwing them into a vessel containing water; such as sink are considered as good, and likely to prove fertile, and those that float imperfect. It is remarked of seeds brought from the Continent, that they must have more bottom heat, and the young plants less water, than are necessary for seeds ripened in this country, or young plants sprung from these.” The culture of the melon is an object of emulation among gardeners, and the fruit of the best sorts have a peculiarly rich flavour, thought by some to bear some resemblance to that of the pine-apple. ‘ Ripe fruit,” Abercrombie observes, “ may be had by forcing at any season, but the main crops, raised for the general demand, are seldom cut, at the earliest, before May, and the last succession mostly ceases to yield fruit after October.” “ To ripen the best largest fine kinds,” M‘Phail observes, “ as great an atmospherical heat, and a bottom heat to its roots also, is required as is sufficient to ripen the pine-apple in this country; but as the melon is produced from an annual plant, the seeds of which must be sown every year, it requires a dif- ferent mode of culture. Different methods of culture, and various kinds of earth and of manures have been recommended and used successfully in rearing of melons. The great thing, after planting, is to give them plenty of atmospherical heat, and a sufficiency of external air, and water. Those methods which are most simple and the least expensive, and best calculated to assist in making a suitable climate for the melon to grow in and ripen its fruit well, should be preferred.” Soil.—Abercrombie says “ The melon will succeed in any unexhausted loam, rich in vegetable rudiments, with a mixture of sand, but not too light. The following is a good compost : two-thirds of top-spit earth from a sheep common, adding sharp sand, if the earth contains little or none, till half is sand; one- sixth of vegetable mould; and one-sixth of well-consumed horse-dung. Or, if the earth is not obtained from a pasture, rotted sheep-dung may be substituted for the last. The ingre- dients should have been incorporated and pulverized by long previous exposure and turning over. The compost should be dried under shelter before it is used, and warmed in the frame 8 CUCURBITACE. IV. Cucumis. for potting.” M'Phail says, “ Melons will grow and produce fruit of a good flavour, if they be planted in any kind of earth, not of too light a texture, whether it be taken from a quarter of the kitchen garden or from a corn-field, mixed well with good rotten dung; but earth of a loamy nature is the best, because it retains moisture longer than lighter earth. Earth, dug from the surface of a common, where sheep and cattle have long been pastured, is excellent for the melon. It should be broken well, and lie a few months before it is used, and if it be exposed to a winter’s frost it will do it good. This sort of earth, if it be taken from the surface of the common, will re- quire no manure the first year of using. I would here mention that unless the earth which I used for the melon plants was very strong, I made it a practice, when the melon-beds were wholly earthed up, to tread the surface all over, which makes the earth retain its moisture longer than if it were left loose.” Earth for melons, according to Nicol, ‘“ may be thus composed : one-half strong brown loam from a pasture, a quarter light sandy earth, an eighth part vegetable mould of decayed tree leaves, and an eighth part rotten stable-yard dung. The mould for both cucumbers and melons should be well incorporated, should be exposed to frost, and be frequently turned over to ameliorate.” It appears from a passage in Morier’s second journey into Persia, p. 147., that pigeons’ dung has from time im- memorial been much sought after for manuring melons. Immense pigeon-houses are built on purpose to collect it, and when there is a dearth, as melons produce the earliest return of food, every one is eager to cultivate them, and that kind of manure, being then in great demand, sells very high. During the famine in Samaria, mentioned in 2 Kings, ch. vi. it is said to have sold for five pieces of silver the cub. A correspondent in the gard. mag. 2. p. 404. on melon compost, and on the influence of soil on Hydrangea horténsis, has always used for his melons the compost to which the Dutch so strongly adhere, viz. one-third strong hazel loam, one-third scour- ing of ditches, and one-third rotten dung, exposing the mixture two years to the influence of the summer and winter, to evaporate what noxious qualities may lurk in the earths: for it is well known, that in proportion to the degree of salt of iron, it will be propor- tionably sterile. He had often observed the leaves of his melon plants turn yellow, occasionally plants died, for which he could not account; he suspected iron, as it pervaded his district, to be the cause; but as a magnet would not take up any of the com- post, his attention was diverted from that point. Similar results in future seasons again called his attention to it, and he added lime, to correct the sulphate of iron, if any; but he lost his whole crop, which he fancied by the application of the lime. As during winter a red oxide filtered from the compost heap, he again felt certain of the presence of iron. He submitted the compost to the test of burning, and having by that means got rid of the superabundant carbon, the magnet immediately de- tected the iron. He changed his soil, and has never lost since any melon plants. The experiment proves that the old test of the loadstone may be defeated by the presence of other adherent matter ; for though it was inactive over the cold soil, it acted in full force upon the soil when, by roasting, it had discharged its gas. While a profitable experiment resulted on the one hand, a great amusement occurred on the other, with some greenhouse plants. He mixed the compost fresh from the ditch with water, and founda precipitation of iron. He used the soil and water to Hydrdngca horténsis, a cutting from the common pink variety, and it so altered the pink colour of the flower to purple, as to form a new plant. He applied the same to other plants, in some of which it altered the colour of the flowers, but in others it had no effect. : Estimate of sorts.—Examine the list. The cantaloups are in the highest estimation for quality and neatness, although not uniformly such great bearers as others in the list. Time of beginning to force.—“ From the time of sowing, ripe fruit may be cut in about fifteen weeks, as an average period ; when many short and winter days fall in the course, it may last eighteen weeks; but when the forcing is not commenced until the days are nearly twelve hours long, and continually lengthening, ripe fruit is sometimes cut in ten weeks. The pe- riod also depends upon the sort. Little time is gained by begin- ning excessively early. The early and main crops are commonly originated from the middle of January to the first week of Fe- bruary, the latter or succession crops at the beginning of March; and late crops, intended to fruit at the end of summer, in the middle of April. M‘Phail and Nicol sow in January. “ The latter says, “ I formerly cut melons for three years successively on the 15th, 12th, and 10th of May, and never sowed before the last week of January or Ist of February. In 1788, when at Rainham Hall in Norfolk, I sowed melons on the 12th of March, and cut ripe fruit on the 20th of May. The kind was the Early golden cantaloup. This shows how little is to be gained, or rather how much may be lost by early forcing.” Forming the seed-bed.—The plants may be originated in a cucumber-bed, and this is the general practice ; but Abercrom- bie prefers a separate bed, built a slight degree higher than for the cucumber at the same season, and adapted to a one or two-light frame, according to the quantity to be raised.” Nicol raises the melon almost exactly in the same manner as he does the cucumber. Choice of seed.—“ Seed under the age of two years is apt to run too much to vine, and show more male than female blossoms; but new seed may be mellowed by being carried in the pocket a fortnight or more, till the heat of the body has dried and hardened it. Seed 20 years old has been known to grow and make fruitful plants, but seed that has been kept 3 or 4 years is quite old enough, and less likely to fail than older.” M/‘Phail says it is best not to sow melon seed till it be 2 or 3 years old. It cannot be too old if it be sound and grow well. Nicol says, “ I have sown melon seeds 20 years old, from which I have raised very healthy and fruitful plants.” Kal. p. 396. Miller and Nicol say young melon seeds may be worn in the pocket, near the body, for several months previous to sowing, which has the effect of fully maturing them. “ If seeds of the last season,” Nicol observes, “ be sown without taking this precaution, or something similar, the plants will not be fruitful, but will run much to vine, and show chiefly male blossoms.”—Kal. p. 396. Sowing.—Abercrombie says, “ Having moulded the bed, and proved the heat, sow in pans 3 inches or pots 4 inches deep, rather than in the earth of the bed. Sow a second portion in 5 or 7 days, to provide against failure. Do not at once plunge the pots to the rims.”—Pr. gard. p. 108. Treatment till removed to the fruiting-pit.—* As soon as the plants appear, give air cautiously, guarding the aperture with matting at night and on frosty or gloomy days. At favourable opportunities wipe the condensed steam from the glasses. When the seed-leaves are about half an inch broad, prick the plants into small pots, 5 inches in diameter, 3 in each pot, giving @ little aired water just to their roots, then plunge the pots into the earth of the hot-bed partially or to the rims, according to the heat. Admit fresh air every day in moderate weather, at the upper end of the lights, raised an inch or two, according to the temperature of the external air, more freely when sunny than cloudy, shutting closer or quite close as the afternoon advances towards the evening, or sooner, if the weather changes cuttingly cold, and cover the glasses every night with mats, and uncover in the morning, as soon as the sun is high enough to reach the CUCURBITACEZ. frames. Give occasionally a very light watering, when the earth appears dry. As the plants advance into the first rough leaves, the first runner-bud in the centre should be stopped, by cutting or pinching the top off, close to the first or second joint, an operation which strengthens the plants, and promotes a lateral issue of fruitful runners. Be careful to support a regular tenor of heat in the bed, by laying first an outward casing of straw-litter round the sides, to defend it from the weather; afterwards, if the heat declines, remove the above casing, and apply a moderate lining of hot dung to one or more of the sides. In matting at night, be careful not to drive the rank steam of the linings into the beds, by letting the ends of the mats hang down.” Fruiting-bed.—Form it as directed for the cucumber-bed, but 6 inches deeper. M(‘Phail says, ‘ 4 feet high, and after it has stood about a week, tread it down, and make it level, and set the frames upon it.” Moulding the bed.—Abercrombie directs to ‘ mould it by degrees to 8, 10, or 12 inches’ depth, first laying the compost in little hills of that thickness, one under each light, with the intervals earthed only 2 or 3 inches for the present, till the general heat is moderated.” M‘Phail lays in, under each light, a small hill of earth about 1 foot high. Planting.—When the earth of the hills is warmed by the heat of the bed, and the plants have leaves 2 or 3 inches broad, or have begun to push Jateral runners, turn them out of the pots, with the ball of earth entire; set a ball containing one plant in the middle of each hill, inserted clean over the ball; or set at most 2 plants under the centre of a large light. After planting, give a gentle watering over the hills and round the roots, avoiding to wet the shanks of the plants; shut down the glasses close, till the heat and steam arise, then give air moderately. Extend a slight shade over the glasses in the middle part of warm summer days, if the plants shrink or flag their leaves before fully rooted in the hills, which they will be in 2, 3, or 4 days after planting.” Temperature.—* The melon requires a minimum heat of about 65° from the time of germination till the fructification, and the heat of about 75° to fruit in.’—Abercrombie. M‘Phail, as appears from the table in his “ Gardener’s Remembrancer,” kept his melon and cucumber frames at the same temperature ; Stating, that if any person kept melon or cucumber plants in the same degrees of heat, they will not fail of success. Nicol’s medium heat for melons is 70°. The proper temperature must be kept up by repeated linings, at least till the middle of July. After that, sun-heat may suffice to ripen the crop. Till this season the greatest care is necessary not to burn or overheat the plants. M‘Phail says, “ examine daily with your hand the heat of the bed, pushing your fingers into the dung imme- diately under the hills of earth in which the plants grow ; and if you find the heat likely to be too powerful, pour cold water all round the bottom of the hills of earth, to lower the heat of the bed. Remember this must be daily attended to till the heat of the bed be so declined in the middle, that the roots of the plants be in no danger of being hurt by the heat of the dung under them. In case this necessary precaution has been ne- glected, till the heat immediately under the stems of the plants has become too hot, pour plenty of water 80° warm round about the sides of the hills in which the plants grow, and among the stems of the plants, which will bring the earth and dung immediately under the plants to the same degree of heat as the water which is poured into it. When the heat in the middle of the bed be- comes so cool that there is no fear of its being too great for the roots of the plants, watering that part of the bed to keep the burning heat down of course must cease, and as the roots of the plants extend, earth may be added to the hills. As VOL. III. IV. Cucumis, 9 soon as the heat of the bed declines, linings must be applied to it, which will set it into a fresh fermentation, and then the surface upon the bed must be examined occasionally, by push- ing the hand into it in different parts, and when a burning heat is felt, pour in some water as before directed. In this way you should persevere, still keeping a strong heat in the linings. Remember that the surface of the bed all round about the hills should be left uncovered with earth, and the dung should be loosened occasionally, to let the heat rise freely to nourish the plants.” In July, “ melons will do without heat in the linings, but I found by experience that they do best by keeping a heat in the linings all the summer. If a heat be kept on constantly in the linings, and the plants watered sufficiently, they will continue to produce fruit till the middle of October.” Air.—As long as weak steam is perceived to rise from the bed, leave an aperture, even at night, for it to escape; guard- ing against the influx of cold air by a curtain of matting. Admit fresh air to the plants by tilting the glasses more or less at the most favourable hours ina dry day. After the bed has come to a sweet heat, shut down close at night. As the fruit enlarges, it becomes more necessary to seize every proper opportunity of admitting air; raising the lights from 1 to 4 inches, according to the season, the heat of the bed, and tem- perature of the external air, shutting close if that should turn cold, and always timely towards evening. As confirmed summer approaches, admit air still more freely. Nicol says,“ air should be freely admitted, though not in such quantity as for the cu- cumbers, which do not require so high a temperature as melons do. In sunshine, however, the mercury in the thermometer should be kept down, by the admission of air to about 80° or 75°.” M*‘Phail says, “ look into your melon-pits in the morn- ing, and if there is a dew on them, standing like beads round the edges of the young leaves, it is a good sign; but if there is no dew on them, in the form I have described, they are not in a very prosperous condition. The air in the frames is not sweet; they either want water or sprinkling of water, or else the heat of the air in the frames is too great in the night. In hot weather melons are better to have air left at them all night, and in very warm weather to take the glasses entirely off in the evening, and put them on again in the morning: by this means the plants will get refreshment from the dew in the night.” Water.—After the plants are placed on the hills, give oppor- tunely gentle waterings, increasing them as the season and the growth of the plants advance. “ Water circumspectly and scantily while the fruit is setting or young in growth, as too much moisture would make it decay. Take a warm morn- ing for watering before the middle of May; in summer the afternoon or evening. Use soft water warmed to the air of the frame, and let as little as possible fall on the setting or new set young fruit; nor much near the main head of the plants, for fear of rotting that part. Shut down the lights after watering for a short time; and if in the morning part, and a strong sun, spread a mat over, to prevent the sun from injuring the plants by acting on the water lodged on the spray of the leaves. As a strong steam will now arise, remove the mats in an hour or two, and raise the glasses at the top, to give vent to the steam and give air to the plants. As the fruit becomes nearly ripe, lessen the quantity of water given, barely keeping the plant from flagging, and withhold water when the fruit begins to turn colour.” Nicol says, “ water once in 4 or 5 days in the after- noon, watering over the foliage. Repeat the waterings oftener, as the season and the growth of the plants and fruit advance, in order to swell them out the better.”—Kalendar, p. 387. M‘Phail says, “ If the weather is warm and dry, the melons will pro- bably sometimes require water twice a week; if the weather is wet and cloudy, they will not require it so often,” —Gard. 10 Rem. p. 300. Knight, finding that the leaves of melons sus- tained great injury from the weight of the water falling from the watering-pot, pours the water on the tiles which cover the surface of the bed. See Training. Earthing.—Perform this operation as directed for the cu- cumber, after the heat of the dung has become moderate, earth- ing up by degrees the intervals between the hills, till the depth of the earth becomes equal. Eight or ten inches’ depth of earth M‘Phail states to be enough for the roots of the plants to run in, provided the bed or fermenting mass beneath be made of leaves of trees, or of dung well prepared; for if the bed under the earth be in a good state, the roots will grow into it, and draw from thence considerable nourishment to the plants. The roots of the melon do not naturally run deep, they extend horizontally not far from the surface, especially in forcing frames, where the moist warm air is more confined than in the open atmosphere.—Gard. Rem. p. 63. In early forcing, leave un- filled up with earth a space of about 7 or 8 inches wide, against the inside of the frames, immediately adjoining the hot linings. “ By this method the heat of the linings do more powerfully warm the air in the frames, than if the earth was made level home to the sides of the boards of the frames to which the linings adjoin. But if melons be not planted earlier than the month of May, this precaution need not be attended to, unless the weather prove uncommonly cold, and but little sunshine.” Training.—As the plants advance into the first runners, 3 or four joints in length, if no fruit be shown, stop them at the third joint, in order that they may produce fruitful laterals ; and as the runners extend, train them over the surface of the bed with neat pegs. Many of these runners, as the plant pro- ceeds, will show embryo fruit at the joints; but a great many barren ones are occasionally produced, and hence it becomes necessary to regulate them. Abercrombie says, “ cut out the superabundant, unfruitful, or evidently useless shoots, especially the very weak and most luxuriant, for the middle-sized are the most fertile.” Nicol says, “ melons should be kept moderately thin of vines, though not so thin as cucumbers (the foliage being smaller), which should never be much lopped at one time, as they are also apt to bleed. All bruised, damped, or decayed leaves should be carefully picked off as they appear, and the plants should be kept clear from weeds, or any rubbish that may be conveyed into the frames by wind or otherwise. M‘Phail directs to “ cut out from the melon-frames all super- fiuous or decaying shoots. Stop shoots a joint or two before the fruit, and also cut off the ends of the long running shoots immediately before showing fruit, if there is a leading shoot coming out by the side of it; for you ought to remember always in pruning melons, that a fruit will not swell well except there be a growing shoot before it; and this shoot, which is called a leader, because it leads or draws the sap from the roots to and past the fruit, should be stopped before a joint, that will, if the plant is in good health, sprout out again. Do not let your plants get too fullof leaves, and cut off the oldest and worst leaves first. This ought to be done at least once or twice a week, by which method they will be nearly always in a medium state of thinness, and the plants and fruit will derive advantages which they would be deprived of were they suffered to become over-crowded with leaves and shoots, and then a great many cut out at one time. If melons are of a large kind, no more than one or two should be left on a plant to swell off at one time ; if smaller three or four fruit may be left.” —Gard. Rem. p- 278. Knight, in an ingenious and philosophical paper on the culture of the melon, states “ that his crops of melons failed, because watering over the foliage, pruning, weeding, &c. had removed the leaves, on the extended branches, from their proper position, and these leaves, being heavy, broad, slender CUCURBITACEZ. IV. Cucumis. and feeble, on long footstalks, were never able to regain it. In consequence, a large portion of that foliage which pre- ceded or was formed at the same period with the blossoms, and which nature intended to generate sap to feed the fruit, became diseased and sickly, and consequently out of office, before the fruit acquired maturity.” To remedy this defect, the plants were placed at greater distances from each other, viz. one plant of the Salonica variety, to each light of 6 feet long by 4 feet wide. The earth was covered with tiles, and the branches trained in all directions, and hooked down over them with pegs. They were thus secured from being disturbed from their first position, the leaves were held erect, and at an equal distance from the glass, and enabled, if slightly moved from their proper position, to regain it. “ I, however, still found that the leaves sustained great injury from the weight of the water falling from the watering-pot; and I therefore ordered the water to be poured from a vessel of a proper construction, upon the brick tiles, between the leaves without at all touching them, and thus managed, I had the pleasure to see that the foliage remained erect and healthy. The fruit also grew with very extraordinary rapidity, ripened in an unusually short time, and acquired a degree of perfection which I had never previously seen. As soon as a sufficient quantity of fruit, between 20 and 30 pounds on each plant, is set, I would recommend the further produc- tion of foliage to be prevented, by pinching off the lateral shoots as soon as produced, wherever more foliage cannot be exposed to the light. No part of the full grown leaves should ever be destroyed ; however distant from the fruit and growing on a distinct branch of the plant, they still contribute to its support ; and hence it arises, that when a plant has as great a number of growing fruit upon part of its branches, as it is capable of feeding, the blossoms upon other branches, which extend in an opposite direction, prove abortive.” —Loud. encycl. gard. p. 648. Setting.—* As the fruit bearers come into blossom, you may assist the setting of the fruit, by impregnating some of the female blossoms with the male flowers, as described for the cucumber. The melon, however, will also set naturally, and produce fertile seeds, if the time of fructification fall at a season when the glasses can be left almost constantly open.”—Abercrombie. Nicol says, “ he has proved experimentally, that melons not impregnated will not swell off so fair and handsome as im- pregnated ones, and, therefore, considers it more necessary to. attend to this operation in melons than in cucumbers. There- fore let nature be assisted in this work, considering that she is more under restraint here than if the plants grew in the open air, where the wind, insects, and other casualties, might be helped.”—Kalend. p. 384. Care of fruit.—* As the fruit increases to the size of a walnut, place a flat tile or slate under each to protect it from the damp of the earth; the slab thus interposed will also assist the fruit to ripen, by reflecting the rays of the sun.”—Abercrombie- M‘Phail says, “ The fruit should lie upon dry tiles. When the fruit is young, it is better to have a gentle shade of leaves; but when it is full swelled, it should be entirely exposed to the sun.” Nicol advises placing the fruit on bits of slate or glass some time before it begins to ripen, as the flavour might else be tainted, but by no means slate or moss the whole surface of the bed, lest you encourage the red spider. Think on the re- flection of the sun upon the slates or tiles, in hot weather par- ticularly, and of his additional force in shining through glass. It is more consonant to the nature of the plants that they be trained on the earth. By mossing the surface, the indolent may find a pretext, as it no doubt, in some measure, lessens the labour of watering. But it is wrong to do so, in so far as it har- bours and encourages the breeding of various insects, and as the fruit approaches to maturity, taints it with an unpleasant effluvia.” CUCURBITACEZ. Time of maturation.—* The interval between the setting of the fruit and perfect maturity is generally from 30 to 40 days; but the plants in the same bed, and the vines on the same plant, often show some difference in the time of reaching maturity.”— Abercrombie. Cutting the fruit.— Ripe melons are distinguished by their full size ; sometimes by turning yellowish, more constantly by imparting an agreeable odour, often by the base of the footstalk, close to the fruit, cracking in a little circle. On these indica- tions, the fruit should be cut before too mellow or dead ripe, that it may eat with a lively sharp flavour. The morning is the time for cutting.” Melons, Nicol observes, “ if allowed to remain on the plant till they be of a deep yellow colour (which many do) lose much of their flavour. They should, therefore, be cut as soon as they begin to change to a greenish yellow, or rather, as soon as they begin to smell ripe. They may lie in the frame for a day or two, if not immediately wanted, where they will acquire sufficient colour. But if they are let remain many days in the frame, they will become as insipid as if they had been left too long on the plant.” Saving seed.—“ The ordinary mode is to request the seeds of particularly fine fruits, of approved sorts, to be returned from table. The best way, however, is to pick some of the best ripe fruit, take out the seed, clean it from the pulp, and let it be well dried and hardened, and then put it up in paper.”— Abercrombie. Nicol says, “ wash it very clean, skimming off the light seeds, as those only that sink in water will grow.”— Kal. p. 396. Great care must be taken that the sorts, from which seeds are saved, are genuine and distinct.- When different sorts are planted in the same frame, this cannot be the case. Second crop from the same planis.—“ When the fruit of the first crop is off, a second crop may be obtained from the stools, which often proves more productive than the first. If the first crop is taken before the middle of June, the second will come in at a very good time. For this purpose, as soon as the fruit is cut, prune the plant, shorten the vigorous healthy runners at a promising joint. At the same time take off all decayed leaves, stir the surface of the mould, and renew it partially by 3 inches’ depth of fresh compost. Water the plant copiously, shutting down the glasses for the night. Shade in the middle of hot days, and give but little air until the plants have made new radicles and shoots. Afterwards repeat the course of culture above described, from the stage when the first runners are sent out till the fruit is cut.” Nicol says, “ When all the fruit of the first crop are cut, suppose in 3 or 4 weeks, the plants may be pruned for the production of a second crop, equal and perhaps superior to the first. They should be cut pretty much in, in order to cause them to push plenty of new vines, which will be very fruitful, observing always to cut at a joint of some promise, and to thin out all decayed or unhealthy vines, dead leaves, &c. Observe also to cut an inch or two above the joint you expect to push, and then to bruise the end of the stem so lopped with the thumb and finger, which will, in a great mea- sure, prevent it from bleeding. The plants should be shaded from the mid-day sun for a week or ten days, exposing them to his full rays by degrees. Now, also, let the mould in the frame be well watered, in order to put the roots in a state of active vegetation; point over the surface with a small stick, or little wedge, and cover the whole with about 2 inches of fresh mould. This will greatly encourage the plants, and cause them to make new fibres near the surface. At this period air need not be admitted very freely, especially while the glasses are covered, but rather as it were endeavour to force the plants into new life. After they begin to shoot, water, admit air, prune, train, and otherwise manage the plants as before directed. If the season be fine, they may yield you a third crop by a IV. Cucumis. 11 repetition of the above rules, coming in in September, which might be very gratifying. I once had 52 full-sized fruit pro- duced in a 3-light frame, a second crop, and two dozen on a third off the same plants, the early golden cantaloupe. Of the first crop 26 fruit, two were cut the 10th of May. Thus, a 3-light box produced, in one season 102 full matured melons.” M‘Phail says “if you intend to have melons as long as there is a sufficiency of sun to ripen them tolerably well, you had best put linings of warm dung to some of your beds. These, if applied in time and kept on, will cast fresh heat into the beds, and, with other necessary assistance, the plants will grow as long as you want them.” Plan of obtaining a second crop of melons.—“ When the first crop of fruit is nearly gathered, cuttings are taken from the extremities of the shoots which show the most fruit; these are cut off close under the second advanced joint, or about the fifth leaf from the top; the two largest leaves at the bottom of the cutting are taken off, and thus prepared, are inserted in 24- sized pots, two in each pot, in light rich soil, gently shaken down. After being watered, the pots are placed in a 1-light frame, on a hot-bed previously prepared, and plunged in the moder- ately dry soil, with which it is covered. The frame is kept close and shaded for a few days, and in a week the cuttings will have struck root. The old melon-plants, with the soil in which they grew, are now all cleared out of the frames, fresh soil tothe depth of 12 inches put in, and the beds well lined with fresh dung. In 10 days from the time of inserting the cuttings they will be ready to plant out, which is done in the usual way. When the plants have pushed about 14 inches, the end of each shoot is pinched off, to cause them to produce fresh runners, and the fruit which showed on the cuttings will swell rapidly, and in 3 weeks after replanting the beds, abun- dance of fine fruit may be expected. This way of getting a second crop is far more certain than either pruning back the old plants, or planting seedlings; because cuttings grow less luxuriantly, are less liable to casualties, and are much more prolific.” Harrison ex Loud. gard. mag. 2. p. 414. Cultivation of the Persian varieties of the melon.—T. A. Knight (Hort. reg. no. 6. p. 263.) erected a small forcing- house for the exclusive culture of this fruit, and grew them by means of fire heat. This house consists of a back wall, nearly nine feet high, and a front wall nearly 6 feet, inclosing a hori- zontal space 9 feet wide and 30 feet long. The fire-place is at the east end and very near the front wall; and the flue passes to the other end of the house, within 4 inches of the front wall, and returns back again, leaving a space of 8 inches only be- tween the advancing and returning course of it, and the smoke escapes at the north-east corner of the building. The front flue is composed of bricks laid flat, in order to give a temperate permanent heat, and the returning one with them standing on their edges, the usual way. The space between the flues is filled with fragments of burnt bricks, which absorb much water, and generally give out moisture to the airof the house. Air is admitted through apertures in the front wall, which are 4 inches wide and nearly 3 in height, and which are situated level with the top of the flues, and are 18 inches distant from each other. The air escapes through similar apertures near the top of the back wall. These are left open, or partially or wholly closed, as circumstances require. Thirty-two pots are placed upon the flues, each being 16 inches wide and 14 inches deep ; but they are raised by a piece of stone or brick to prevent their coming in actual contact with the flues. In each of these pots one melon-plant is put, and afterwards trained upon a trellis, placed about 14 inches distant from the glass, and each plant is permitted to bear but one melon only. The height from the ground at which the trellis is placed, is such as can be con- c2 12 veniently walked under, to discover the appearance of red spiders or other noxious insects; and by this method two, and even three crops may be obtained in one season. Being so liable to burst, Mr. Knight raised the points of the fruit higher than the stems, and not one failed to ripen in a perfect state ; they were found to ripen very well hanging perpendicularly, but the Ispahan grew very deformed. Late crop on old hot-beds.—To ripen melons, not earlier than the month of August, M‘Phail “ generally made beds of dung which had first been used for linings to the early cucumber and melon-beds. For this purpose, this kind of dung is better than new dung, because it does not heat violently, and for a consider- able time keeps its heat. Leaves of trees make very good melon-beds, but they do not produce heat enough alone for linings; but of whatever materials melon-beds be made, the air in the frames among the plants should be kept sweet and strong, otherwise the plants will not grow freely. It may be known whether the air be sweet or whether it be not, by putting the head in under the lights and smelling it. But it frequently happens to be difficult to bring dung-beds into a requisite state of kindliness for these delicate plants, for if the dung by any means get and retain too much water, before its noxious vapours pass off by evaporation, it will stagnate and become sour, and until these pernicious qualities be removed, which requires time and patience, the plants will not grow kindly; and besides this, although corrupted, stinking air hinders the growth of plants of the melon kind, it greatly promotes the health and forwards the breeding of different kinds of insects, which feed upon and otherwise hurt fruits and plants, and esculent veget- ables of various kinds.” A method of growing the melon, adopted by Mr. Lovell, (Gard. mag. 7. p. 461.) varies in one or two very essential points from any that he has seen practised ; first in well bedding and firmly rooting the plants to support a good crop of fruit ; second in early setting and preserviug the first fruit, and forcing the whole of the plants luxuriantly through the whole of the period necessary for their maturity. To effect this he prepares his bed with dung well watered and fermented, or tan, not wishing such a strong heat as for cucumbers. He sows his seeds in pots, in which the plants remain until they are turned into the hills, leaving only 3 plants in each pot. These he places in the dung, in order to start them as soon as the bed is made up, unless there should be another bed in use at the same time. As soon as the second rough leaf appears, he puts a hill of good melon soil under each light, composed of good loam and turf, adding. a sixth part of good rotten dung, well mixed with the spade, but not sifted. This he waters if dry, and treads in the hills firmly, making a hole in the centre, and turning out a pot of plants with the ball entire into each hole. Should the weather be very warm, he waters them overhead abundantly, and in the space of a fortnight they will have grown to four or five joints each: he then stops them down to three joints. By this time the heat of the bed will have become reduced to such a temperature as to allow of moulding up the plants, well heading in and watering as you proceed. As the plants will at this time be strongly rooted, and in vigorous growth, in the course of three days they will have pushed a strong shoot from each of the three eyes in a horizontal direction, and they will seldom fail of showing fruit at the first joint ; you may rely at least on two out of three of these fruits setting. Before the fruit comes to blossom, the bed must be covered 14 inch thick with dry sand, but mould will do, and do not water the bed any more for at least 3 weeks. This prevents the newly formed fruit from turning yellow and damping off. All shoots that appear, except the three above mentioned, must be removed. As these shoots will show fruit at the first or second joint, if CUCURBITACE. IV. Cucumis. such fruit be set and taken care of, it will be three parts grown before the vines will have reached the outside of the bed, arriv- ing at perfection in nearly half the time it would have done if the vines had been left in confusion. Particular care must be taken in pruning, never to stop the three shoots that bear the fruit, nor yet the lateral ones produced from the same joint as the fruit. These lateral shoots will show fruit at the first joint, which fruit must be preserved until the other is swelling, then take off this lateral shoot, but do not stop the vine. But should any accident happen to the other fruit, the shoot bearing it must be taken off, and the lateral shoot treated as a main one, when the fruit on it will swell accordingly; and all the laterals that spring from the main shoot must be stopped, leaving one joint and leaf only. On the cultivation of the melon.—J. Holland (Gard. mag. 7. p. 575.) plants off his seedlings singly in 60-sized pots, and when sufficiently advanced in growth they are stopped so near the seed-leaf, as only to admit of them throwing out 2 lateral shoots, and when these principal leaders extend to 2 or 3 joints, they are finally planted out into frames or pits, having the bot- tom heat arranged according to the advanced state of the spring months. Five melons were produced by a plant set in the centre of a two-light frame in the beginning of May, upon an old bed that had been previously employed for raising radishes. A dung lining was added to the back and one end of the frame, which was all the artificial heat the plant received, one vine was trained to the back and the other to the front of, the frame. His practice is never to stop the vines until they have extended as far as their confinement will permit, and the laterals from the two leading vines, as they advance in growth, are trained to the right and left over the bed with neat pegs, and every fruit blos- som, as it expands, is carefully impregnated and placed upon a tile under the shade of a neighbouring leaf. In a day or two, or as soon as he thinks the fruit will set, he stops the vine at the first or second joint beyond it. In this way he proceeds, in setting all the fruit he can, until the surface of the bed is covered with foliage, which is never deranged more than can be avoided. While the fruit is setting, he gives air very freely, sometimes he draws the lights quite off for a few hours on sunny days, and he also, by applying or withholding heat or water, endeavours to keep them in astate betwixt luxuriance and de- bility, for in either extreme they will not set well. Having advanced thus far, he commences swelling them off. He begins this with pinching off all the ends of the lateral shoots that have not already been stopped to assist the young fruit. He now gives no more air than will prevent the sun from scorching their leaves. He looks over them every morning, and takes off all the blossoms as they appear, and stops every young shoot back to one joint above that of the vine which produces it. He watches over them every afternoon in fine weather, and before the sun has quite left the frame, he syringes or waters them all over, leaves, fruit, and all, and shuts down the glasses for the night. He always prefers performing this while the departing rays of the sun have sufficient strength to raise a sweet vaporous heat of about 90°, which serves them to feast upon long after the sun has disappeared. A few days of such treatment will determine which fruit will take the lead in swelling off, out of which he selects 2 or 3 to each plant, according to the sort, and all the rest he cuts away. As the fruit advances in growth, it is necessary at intervals to turn them a little on the tiles, to prevent them from growing flat, and discolouring on one side, and also from rotting. When they have attained as large a size as he thinks the sort will admit, he leaves off watering, and again gives all the air he can, by taking the lights entirely off when the weather is favorable; and if the season is not too far advanced, he leaves them to ripen without any other assist- CUCURBITACE#. ance. For an early crop of melons, he grows the small early cantaloup, 1 plant in a light when the frame is narrow, and 2 if wide, with 2 or 3 fruit on each plant, which in general weigh from 2 to 3 pounds each. He succeeds these with the scarlet and green-flesh, planted and trained as above, the pro- duce of which is from 2 to 6 pounds. His principal crop is, however, from the black rock, which he has grown of all sizes up to 135 Ibs. weight; the plants are much more hardy than many other sorts, it is a good bearer, the fruit handsome, and the flavour excellent. The sort which he grew so large was originally from France, and in its primeval state was a rock ; but it has lately been strongly impregnated with the scarlet flesh, which fruit it now resembles in all its characters, except in growing much larger. The largest melon weighed 244 Ibs. The above is Mr. Holland’s general practice of cultivating the melon, which practice he says he will still continue to adhere to unless fully convinced he can adopt a better. Insects and diseases.—To prevent melon plants from being infested with insects or injured by diseases of any kind, no bet- ter method can be adopted than to keep the plants constantly in a healthy, vigorous, growing state; for this purpose, M’Phail observes, “they must be constantly attended to, giving them plenty of heat and water. In warm weather in the spring and the summer, they should be watered occasionally all over the fruit and leaves, till the earth in which they grow be thoroughly moistened, and a stronger heat than usual be kept in the frames about the plants for a few hours; also the lights should be shut down every gfternoon, with a good strong heat among the plants. If there be rt one moisture in the earth the greatest sun heat in the afternoon will not hurt the plants, but it might scorch the sides of the large fruit, exposed to the sun-beams operating upon the glass, which should be guarded against. The frames and lights should be kept clean and painted over once every year. Melon plants are subject to be infested and hurt by the mildew and by the canker. These diseases come upon them because they are not in a good climate, they have not a suffi- ciency of heat, or the dung and earth of the bed is in a stagnated state. Melon plants are liable to be greatly injured by an insect called the red spider, which increases surprisingly in hot dry weather. As I said before, nothing will prevent plants from the inroads of disease and insects but heat, sweet air, and a sufficiency of water, which sweetens the atmosphere, and makes it healthy for vegetables as well as for animals. And nothing will eradicate disease and insects from melon plants but good management, strong heat, and plenty of water given all over them. Diseased plants, or plants much infested with insects, cannot produce good healthy fruit. The mildew is a most pernicious disease to all sorts of plants. On melons it gener- ally makes its first appearance on the oldest leaves and on the extremities of the young shoots. The cause of it, I apprehend, is unhealthy nourishment comprehended in the elements, or their not harmonising in the promotion of the growth of the plant ; for by practitioners it may be observed, that when a dung hot- bed gets into a stagnated sour state, the plants do not grow kindly, the air in the frames is saturated with unhealthy parti- cles, and so also must be the juices drawn into the plants by their roots. These must breed diseases, if preventive means be not applied. It cannot be reasonably supposed that plants of a delicate nature will continue in a healthy state growing upon a heap of stinking dung, and in confined air. When melon plants have become diseased, or much infested with the red spider, they should either be destroyed, or effectual means used to cure them. To destroy the plants is easy; to cure them let the following methods be put in practice : get plenty of horse-dung thrown up in a large heap, turn it over once or twice, shaking and mixing it well, and let it lie till its rankness IV. Cucumis. 13 be somewhat evaporated, and if there be linings at the beds, take them entirely away, examine the dung of the beds, and if it be wet and has a bad smell, take a sharp-pointed stake, and make holes all round in the sides of the beds unto their centre, in such a slanting way that the water may easily run out of them; then make a strong lining of the prepared dung all round the beds, and by occasional augmentations, keep up the linings nearly to a level with the surface of the earth in which the plants grow. As soon as the linings have cast a strong heat into the beds, scatter some flour of sulphur all over the plants, and keep as strong a heat in the frames as the plants can bear; a heat of 120° will not destroy them, if the steam of the linings be pre- vented from getting in among the plants. Water the plants all over their leaves about once a week, with clean water 100° warm, and if the sun shine keep the lights close shut down all day, and cover them up in the evenings, leaving a little air all night at each light, to prevent a stagnation of air among the plants. Continue this process till the mildew and the insects disappear, and the plants appear to grow freely, and afterwards manage them in the usual way, taking care to keep up a good strong heat in the linings. This method sets the old stagnated bed in a state of fermentation, which makes the moisture run out of it, and dries it so,-that water given to the plants has free liberty to pass off. If the linings do not heat the air in the frames sufficiently, let some of the earth in the inside all round the sides of the boards be removed, to let the heat from the linings rise freely in the frame.” Culture of melons in a dung-pit.— A glazed pit to receive either stable~dung, leaves, or tanners’ bark, is calculated to ripen superior fine fruit. The well of the pit may be formed either by a nine-inch wall, or by strong planking, a yard in depth, from 6-8 feet wide, and in length from 10-20 feet or more as required. A low glass-case is to be fitted to it, adapted to the growth of the melon. Having raised the plants in a small seed- bed, as for the frame crop, ridge them out into the pit in the usual manner. Give the proper subsequent culture, and when the strength of the fermenting mass begins to decline, add linings outside the pit, if inclosed by boards, but if inclosed by a nine-inch wall, cut away as much of the dung and earth within, and throw it out, as will admit a lining of well-tempered dung.” — Abercrombie. Culture of melons in a flued pit.—One such as that proper for the nursing pinery is here understood ; and the plants being raised in the usual way, and the bed, whether filled with dung, tan, or leaves, or a mixture of these, being moulded, plant about the end of July. Nicol prefers for such late crops “ the early golden cantaloup, the orange cantaloup, and the netted canta- loup, planting a part of the pit with each.” A very mild bottom heat is sufficient for the purpose here in view; and if the pit has been occupied in forcing asparagus, French-beans, or straw- berries, on a bark, or a bark and dung, or on a bark and leaf heat, it will require no other preparation than to be stirred up and have a little fresh materials added, keeping the fresh bark, dung, or leaves well down, and finishing the bed with some of the smallest and best reduced. When it has settled a few days, let it be moulded all over to the thickness of 12 or 15 inches; pre- viously laying on a little more of the above small materials, in order to keep the plants well up to the glass, as the bed will fall considerably in the settling. It should be formed, and the mould should be laid on in a sloping manner from back to front, so as in some measure to correspond with the glasses. All being ready for the plants, they may either be planted in a row, in the middle of the pit, at 2 feet apart, or may be planted in 4 rows at 4 feet apart; or, if they have been planted in nursing, 3 in a pot; plant in the centre of each light, as directed for the common hot-bed, in March. Let them have a little water 14 and be shaded from the sun for a few days, exposing them to his rays by degrees. The future management of the plants dif- fer in nothing from that of melons in a hot-bed till September, when it will be proper to apply fire heat.” —“ About the begin- ning of September it will be proper to apply fire heat, in order to further the progress of late fruit, and to dry off damps. Let the fires be made very moderate at first, however, and increase their strength as the season becomes more cold and wet. Keep the mercury up to 70° in the night, and in the day by the addi- tion of air keep it down to about 80° or 75°. Very little water will now suffice for the plants, as their roots will be fully esta- blished, and be spread over the whole bed; the heat of which will also now have subsided. They should only, therefore, have a little water once in 8 or 10 days, and as the fruit begin to ripen off, entirely withhold it. Keep the plants moderately thin of vines and foliage ; be careful to pick off all damped leaves as they appear; and fully expose the fruit to the sun as it ripens, in the manner directed for melons inthe hot-bed. In this manner I have often had melons in October and November fully swelled, and in good, but not of course in high perfection, for want of sun to give them flavour. Any who have a pit of this kind, however, for the forcing of early vegetables, straw- berries, flowers, &c. cannot, perhaps, occupy it to a better pur- pose in the latter part of the season, as the trouble is but little, and the expence not worth mentioning.” Culture of melons in M‘Phail’s pit.—The inventor of this pit says, “ For the purpose of raising melons early, for many years I cultivated them on a brick bed, on the same construc- tion as that which I invented for rearing early cucumbers, ex- cepting only that through the pit of each 3-light box I carried no cross flues. When this bed was first set to work, I had the pits filled level with the surface of the flues, with well fermented dung or with the dung of old linings from the cucumber-bed. In each 3-light division I made the pit about 3 feet 6 inches wide and 10 feet long, and 3 feet deep below the surface of the flues. On the surface of the dung in the pits, I had laid about 10 inches thick of good earth, in a ridge of about 20 inches wide, from one end of the pit to the other. When this was done, I made a lining round the bed, and as soon as the earth became warm, I set the plants into the ridge of the earth, and gave them a little water, and kept a strong heat in the frames, and filled up the pit gradually as the roots and plants extended themselves.”—‘‘ The dung or leaves of trees in the pit require not to be changed every year, neither need the earth for the plants be removed entirely every season, for by experience I found it to do very well by digging, and mixing with it some fresh earth and manure in winter, and exposing it to the rains, the frost, and the snow.” —“ In forcing melons early, the surface of the cross flues, as well as the surrounding and outside ones, should be kept bare of mould till the days of the spring get long, which will let the heat of the linings arise freely through the covers of the flues to warm the air among the plants. After the cross flues are covered with earth, those which surround each frame may be left uncovered till the month of May or June.” —Gard. rem. p. 64. The culture in the brick bed is, in other respects, the same as that already given for melons in frames, and cucumbers in brick beds. See the monthly table of temperature under the cucumber. Culture under hand-glasses.—“ A successive or late crop, to fruit in August and September, may be raised on hot-bed ridges under hand-glasses. Sow in a hot-bed from the middle of March to the middle of April. When the plants have been up a few days, while in the seed-leaves, prick some into small pots, two plants in each; water and plunge them into a hot-bed, managing as directed for the young frame plants, till the rough leaves are from 2-4 inches long, and the plants ready to shoot into CUCURBITACEZ. IV. Cucumis. runners. From the middle of March to the third week of May, when the plants are a month or five weeks old, they will be fit to ridge out under hand-glasses. With well-prepared stable-dung, or, with a mixture of fermented tree-leaves, build the hot-bed four feet wide and 24 feet thick, the length according to the number of glasses intended, allotting the space of 4 feet to each. In a week or ten days, or when the dung and leaves are brought toa sweet or well-tempered heat, mould the bed 10 or 12 inches thick, then place the glasses along the middle, and keep them close till the bed has warmed the earth. The same, or next day, insert the plants ; turn them out from the pots with the ball of earth entire, and allotting plants for each glass, insert the ball into the earth, clean down over the top, closing the mould about the stems. Give a little water and place the glasses over close. From about nine in the morning till three in the afternoon, of the first two or three days, shade the plants till they have taken root, when admit the sun more freely, yet only by degrees from day to day, till they can bear it fully without flagging much. Give air daily, in temperate weather, by tilting the edge of the glasses on the south side, an inch or two; but in the present stage of the plants shut close at night. Cover with mats till morning, constantly keeping the glasses over. Give occasional moderate waterings with aired water. Cover in the day time with mats in bad weather, or heavy or cold rains; and continue the night covering until confirmed summer in July. Meanwhile attend to the heat of the bed; if this be declined, so that the minimum temperature be not 65° at night, with the aid of mat- ting, line the sides with hot dung, covered with a layer of mould. The revived heat from the linings will forward “the plants in fruiting, while the earth at top will enlarge the surface for the runners, and the bed for the roots. When the runners have extended considerably and filled the glasses, they must be trained out. Accordingly, at the beginning of June, in favourable settled warm weather, train out the runners, cutting away dwindling and useless crowding shoots; then the glasses must be raised all round, 2 or 3 inches, upon props to remain day and night. Cover with mats in cold nights and bad weather, but first arch the bed over with rods or hoop-bands to sup- port the mats. Apply moderate waterings as necessary in the morning or afternoon. Oiled paper frames, formed either arch- wise, or with 2 sloping sides, about 2 feet or 24 feet high, and of the width of the bed, are very serviceable in this stage. Some persons use them from the first, under a deficiency of hand-glasses. But the proper time for having recourse to them, is when the plants have been forwarded in hand-glasses till the runners require training out beyond the limits of the glasses, some time in June; then removing the glasses, substitute the oiled frames, as these paper screens will entirely afford pro- tection from heavy rains or tempests, as well as from nocturnal cold, and also screen the plants from the excessive heat of the sun, while, being pellucid, they admit its influence of light and warmth effectually. Give proper admission of free air below, and occasional watering. With respect, however, to the crop for which no oiled paper frames have been provided, continue the hand-glasses constantly on the bed, over the main head and stem of the plants throughout the season, to defend those capital parts from casual injuries by the weather. Throughout June, and thence to the decline of summer, be careful, if much rain or other unfavourable weather, or cold nights occur, to shelter the beds occasionally, with an awning of mats or canvass, par- ticularly when the plants are in blossom. Likewise turn in some of the best full set exterior fruit under the glasses, oF some spare glasses might be put over the outside melons, t0 forward them without cheek to maturity. Some will be ready to cut in July, others in August, the more general time, and in September ; they being generally, after setting, from 30-40 days CUCURBITACEZ. in ripening. The crop coming in at the decline of summer will not ripen well, unless guarded from cold at nights, and assisted by linings. The fruit that do not ripen may be used for mangoes. “ Wide ridge, or the fruiting-bed, may be made 6, 7, or 8 feet wide, for the plants to have an ample surface for their ex- tending runners, defended either with a regular frame, and glasses of proportionate dimensions, or a case formed of an inch and a half boarding, ranged connectedly along both sides of the bed, without any external cross divisions, other than top cross bars, to stay the sides and support the glasses.” Method of growing crops of melons in the open borders.—The mode of growing cucumbers on ridges of shallow beds of half-spent dung in the open air, is well known to gardeners ; and in warm situations melons may be grown in the same manner. ‘The sorts grown by Mr. Greenshields were the black rocks, grcen-fleshed, netted, and early cantaloup. The seeds of the first crop were sown about the middle of March, in pots in a cucumber-frame, and the bed or ridge was prepared in the first or second week in May, 4 feet wide, and 1 foot higher at the back or north side than in front. Hand-glasses, with 2 or 3 plants in each, are placed, 4 feet apart, along the centre of the bed. Very little air is given till the plants have filled the glasses, but when these appear to get crowded with vines, the glasses are raised up, and the plants allowed to grow up in the manner of ridged cucumbers. If the vines are very thicky a few of the weakest may be pinched off, and the top of each leading shoot or vine removed. No more pruning will be necessary for the season. Setting the fruit at this season of the year is quite necessary. To have handsome fruit, not more than one or two should be left on the plant. They will begin to ripen about the first week in August, and continue to be produced through that month and part of September. To prolong the season, seeds may be sown three weeks later, planted out like the first crop, and when there is appearance of frosty nights, a cucumber-frame and sashes may be placed over them. By this means tolerably good melons may be had till the end of October.—Greenshields, ex Loud. gard. mag. 3. p. 182. _ There is another method of cultivating melons in the open air; that is, to raise a bed of old tan, and tramp it well and firmly down, placing some stakes and boards behind to keep up the tan, so that the bed may slope in front; 6 inches of mould should be placed on the tan, and the melon plants planted into it. Grass or leaves may be placed at the back of the bed to keep up the heat. The plants should be reared on a hot-bed. Melon. Fi. July, Sept. Cit. 1597. Pl. tr. 2 C. pexicidsus (Roth. cat. 3. p. 307.) angles of leaves blunt; fruit roundish-ovate, pubescent, with white, very fragrant flesh, and a thin rind. ©. F. Native of the East Indies, but now cultivated in Spain. Perhaps only a variety of the common melon. Delicious Melon. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1818. PI. tr. 3 C. sativus (Lin. spec. 1437.) stems rough, bearing ten- drils ; leaves cordate, obscurely 5-lobed, petiolate, terminal lobe the largest; flowers on short peduncles, largish, usually by threes; male flowers having the tube of the calyx tubularly- campanulate, and with a spreading deflexed limb ; fruit Jong, somewhat triquetrous, smooth or prickly, and usually shining, having the carpels distinctly separable in the inside. ©. F. Native of Tartary and the East Indies.—Blackw. herb. t. 4.— Lob. stirp. 363. f. 1. The cucumber is called Ketimou and T: imou by the Hindoos. Flowers yellow, as in the rest of the species, s The cucumber is called concombre in French; gurke in Ger- man; and Citriuolo in Italian ; it is a tender annual, a native of the East Indies, and was introduced in 1573. Itisa trailing 8 IV. Cucumis. 15 and climbing plant, with large, roundish, rough leaves, furnished with tendrils, and if sown in the open air in May, produces flowers from July to August. The cucumber is of nearly as great antiquity as the vine, for Moses, the earliest Jewish author, mentions it as abounding in Egypt when the children of Israel were there, above 3000 years ago. (Numbers, chap. ii.) In England it is cultivated generally and extensively in forcing frames, and in the open air, and especially near large cities and towns. ‘* Not only gentlemen,” as M‘Phail observes, “ but almost every tradesman who has a garden and dung, have their cucumber-frame.” In Hertfordshire, whole fields are annually seen covered with cucumbers, without the aid of dung or glass, and the produce of which is sent to the metropolis for pickling. In march, cucumbers fetch in the London market a guinea a dozen ; in August and September a penny a dozen. The village of Sandy, in Bedfordshire, has been known to furnish 10,000 bushels of pickling cucumbers in one week. Use.—The green fruit is used as salad; it is also salted when half grown; and preserved in vinegar when young and small. In Germany and Poland, barrels of half, and also full grown cucumbers, are preserved from one year to another by immersion in deep wells, where the uniform temperature and exclusion of air seem to be the preserving agents. Varieties. —The principal of these are as follow :— List of cucumbers. 1 Early long prickly.—This fruit is from 5-7 inches long, of a green colour, with few prickles. The plant is a good bearer, and upon the whole this is the best cucumber for the general summer crop, the flesh being very crisp and pleasant. 2 Largest green prickly.—From 7-10 inches long ; it has a dark green skin, closely set with small prickles. This is a hardy sort, but does not come early. 3 Early short prickly—Not more than 4 inches long; the skin green and rather smooth, but with a few small black prickles. This is one of the hardiest and earliest sorts, and is often preferred for the first crop. 4 Dutch or white short prickly—Though not much cultivated, is recommended by some as preferable even to the early long prickly ; it has fewer seeds, is evidently different in taste from most other cucumbers, but of agreeable flavour. 5 Cluster cucumber.—A very early sort; the flowers appear in clusters of 3 or 4 together; the fruit is seldom more than 5 inches long; it is at first of a fine green colour, but becomes yellowish as it ripens. The stems of this variety are much in- clined to climb by means of their tendrils upon sticks; the leaves are small, and the plant altogether occupies but little room. 6 Smooth green Roman.—An early sort; the fruit becomes large and long, and is quite smooth ; the plants grow very strong, and require a good deal of room. 7 White Turkey.—The stalks and leaves are larger than in the other varieties ; the fruit also is very long, sofnetimes from 10- 15, or even 20 inches; it is quite straight, and has a smooth skin, destitute of prickles; it is produced sparingly, and late in the season. 8 Long green Turkey.—Sometimes sown for the late crop. Late cucumbers, however, are much less cultivated than the early varieties, most gardeners being of opinion, that those kinds which are best for the early crop, are also best for the late. 9 Nipaul.—Fruit very large, usually weighs upwards of 12 lbs., measures in girth 24 inches, and in length 17 inches ; flavour pleasant, and esteemed for standing. It is a native of Nipaul, from whence it was introduced to the botanical garden at Cal- cutta; but it is not likely that it ever will be much cultivated in this country. Culture.—The culture of the cucumber, as a table esculent, 16 is chiefly carried on by artificial heat, and is therefore treated of under that head. For pickling it is chiefly cultivated in the open ground, by what is termed drilling. To have a crop in the natural ground, the seed is sown in warm compartments of rich earth, towards the end of May or beginning of June, when the weather is settled, warm anddry. The plants should mostly remain where sown, to produce late fruit towards the end of July, or more generally in August and September ; small for pickling, and in larger growth for ordinary consumption. Sow a portion in a warm border, and the main crop in an open com- partment. Dig the ground neatly even. Trace lines with in- tervals of 5 or 6 feet; and in the lines mark stations 3} feet distant, then with a trowel at each of these spots, form shallow circular saucer-form cavities in the surface, 10 or 12 inches wide and about an inch deep in the middle. Sow in the middle of each cavity 8 or 10 seeds, half an inch deep. When the plants are come up, and begin to put forth the first leaves in the centre, thin them to 3 or 4 of the strongest in each hole. Earth these up a little between and close round the stems, pressing them a little asunder, and give them some water to settle the earth below and above. In their advancing growth train out the Jeading runners, supplying them with requisite waterings in dry weather 2 or 3 times a-week, and sometimes every day in very dry hot weather, in July, August, or Septem- ber. At this season water early in the morning and late in the afternoon towards evening.” Gathering. —“ The crop comes in sometimes towards the end of July, but more generally not before August in full produc- tion ; continuing till about the middle or end of September, when the plants decline. Be careful to gather the fruit in a fine state both for pickling and other purposes. They must be quite young for pickling, not exceeding 2 or 3 inches in length.” —Abercrombie. Forcing cucumbers.—To produce cucumbers at an early season, is an object of emulation with every gardener; and there is scarcely any person who has not a cucumber-bed in his garden. We shall lay down a systematic view of the practices of the most approved gardeners in the culture of this plant, as has been our usual custom with other garden plants. Cucum- bers are forced in hot-beds, pits, and hot-houses, and the heat of fire, and warm water, and steam, and dung, have been applied to their culture ; but dung, as the author last quoted observes, is the only thing yet found out, by the heat of which the cu- cumber may be advantageously cultivated. Soil.—Cucumbers, like every other plant, will grow in any soil, though not with the same degree of vigour, provided they be supplied with a sufficiency of heat, light, water, and air. For early forcing, Abercrombie recommends a mould or com- post of the following materials: ‘ One third of rich top-spit earth, from an upland pasture, one-third of vegetable mould, and one-sixth of well decomposed horse-dung, with a small quantity of sand.” M‘Phail used vegetable mould made from a mixture (accidental) of the leaves of elm, lime, beech, syca- more, horse and sweet chestnut, spruce, and Scotch fir, walnut, laurel oak, evergreen oak, ash, &c. and among them withered grass and weeds of various kinds. “ This vegetable mould,” he says, “‘ without a mixture of any thing besides, is what I used for growing cucumbers in, and by experience I found it preferable to any other moulds, carths, or composts whatever, either in my new method of a brick bed, or in the old method of a bed made of horse-dung.” Nicol says, “ soil thus composed will produce cucumbers in great abundance : three-fourths light rich black earth from a pasture, an eighth part vegetable mould of decayed tree-leaves, and an eighth part rotten cow-dung,” Kal. p. 393. W.T. Aiton gives the following as the compost used in Kew Gardens; “ Of light loam a few months from the CUCURBITACE. IV. Cucumis. common, one-third part, the best rotten dung one-third part, leaf-mould and heath-earth of equal parts, making one-third part. The whole well mixed for use.” G. Mills states that the soil he uses “ is half-bog or black mould, got from a dry heathy common, and half leaf-mould : after lying 12 months in a heap, the compost is fit for use.” Time of beginning to force—Abercrombie says, “ Managers who have to provide against demands for early cucumbers, must raise the seedlings from 10-12 weeks before the fruit will be required, according to the length of the days in the interval. In proportion as the entire course embraces a greater part of the mid-winter, the liability of failure from obstacles in the weather will be greater. The last fortnight in January, or first week in February, is a good time for beginning to force the most early crop. In the subsequent months, both main and second- ary crops may be started as required, and will come forward more freely; To have a constant succession, seedlings should be raised twice a month. As the course of forcing more coin- cides with the natural growing season, the length of it will be reduced to 8, 7, or 6 weeks.” M/‘Phail says, ‘‘ those who are desirous of having cucumbers early, had best sow seeds about the 20th of October; they may be sown at any time of the year, but the spring and autumn are the best seasons. Cucum- ber plants may be made to bear fruit plentifully from about the middle of March till the middle of September; but from the middle of September till the middle of March their produce will be but scanty. Cucumber-plants, raised from seed in Oc- tober, will begin to produce fruit in February or March, and will continue to bear till the following month of October, pro- vided they be kept in frames and get plenty of heat and water.” Nicol recommends the middle of January. He says ‘‘ Some begin sooner, but it is striving hard against the stream to little pur- pose. Ifthe dung be prepared and the bed be got ready, so as to sow about the first of February, the success will often be greater than by sowing a month earlier, the growth of the plants being frequently checked by bad weather, and sometimes they are entirely lost.” Aiton, in the paper above quoted, sowed on the 12th and 20th of August, with a view to cultivate in stoves, a regular supply of this vegetable: being annually required for the royal tables. G. Mills sows on the first of October. Sorts.—Abercrombie recommends the short prickly for very early fruit, and the long prickly kinds for the chief early and main summer crops. Nicol says every gardener has his favour- ite sort of cucumber, and it is no easy matter to advise. He names as early sorts generally known, the early short prickly as the earliest; the early smooth green, a long fruit, the long green prickly, and the white prickly, a white fruit. Choice of seed. It is advisable,” Abercrombie observes, “ to have that at least from 2-4 years old, in preference to newer seed, which is more apt to run luxuriantly in vine, and the plants from it do not show fruit so soon or so abundantly as those from seed of greater age. But when seed has been kept more than 4 years, it is sometimes found to be too much weakened.” Forming the seed-bed.—“ A one-light frame,” Abercrombie says, “ will be large enough for ordinary purposes. Choose a dry sheltered part of the melon-ground, and form a bed for a 1- light frame. When high winds are suffered to blow against @ cucumber-bed, they have a very powerful effect on it, for in that case the heat will not only be greatly abated, but also forced and driven into the corners of the frames, and, consequently, some parts thereof are rendered too cold, whilst other parts are made too hot, and of course the plants are all equally endangered, retarded in their growth, and perhaps some, if not all of them, totally destroyed. Therefore, when a cucumber-bed is about to be built, the first object of consideration should be, to have it, as well as possible, sheltered from the high winds an CUCURBITACEZ. boisterous, stormy weather.” Having put on the frame and waited till the bed is fit for moulding, lay in five or six inches’ depth of the proper earth or compost. M* Native of Cayenne and Brazil ; and of Mexico, near Jalapa., P. glaúca, Ker. bot. reg. t. 88. but notof Humb. Flowers whitish; crown variegated with purple and white. Stipulate Passion-flower. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1779. Sh. cl. 91 P. Rappra‘na (D. C. prod. 3. p. 329.) leaves glabrous: somewhat cordate at the base, 5-nerved, trifid ; lobes ovate glandularly subserrated at the base; petioles bearing 2 glan in the middle ; stipulas ovate, dimidiate, awned; peduncles 4- times longer than the petioles. h.. S. Native of Brazil, where it was detected by Raddi. Raddi’s Passion-flower. Shrub cl. - 92 P. arga (Link. et Otto. abhl. t. 33.) leaves glabrous, glaucescent beneath, somewhat cordate at the base, 5-nerved, 3-lobed ; lobes oval, somewhat glandularly serrated at the base; petioles biglandular in the middle; stipulas cordate; supet!o? peduncles longer than the petioles. k.. S. Native of Bra- zil. Flowers white. Very nearly allied to P. Raddidna. White-flowered Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 93 P. sera`cea (D. C. l. c.) leaves velvety beneath, 3-nerved at the base, somewhat cordate, trifid; lobes ovate-oblong, acute serrulated ; petioles velvety, biglandular at the base; bracteas ovate, acuminated, ciliately serrated. h. .S. Native of Bra- zil, near Rio Janeiro. Setaceous-bractead Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 94 P. MENISPERMIFÒLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2 p- 137.) leaves hairy beneath, pubescent above, roundish-cof- date, angularly 3-lobed, sharply toothed ; petioles hairy, usually bearing 4 glands ; stipulas large, dimidiately subcordate, awn There is a variety having PASSIFLOREZ. hence toothed on one side. h. u. S. Native of South Ame- rica, near Jaen de Bracamoros, Flowers unknown. Moon-seed-leaved Passion-flower. _ Shrub cl. 95 P. susretra‘ra (Ort. dec. 6. p. 78.) leaves glabrous, cor- date, 3-lobed; lobes serrated: middle lobe more extended than the side ones; petioles bearing 2-4 glands in the middle; sti- pulas semi-cordate, mucronate; bracteas cordate. h. S. Native of New Spain. Subpeltate-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 96 P. punicea (Ruiz et Pav. ined. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 329.) leaves velvety beneath, rather scabrous above, 5-nerved, broadly subcordate, trifid ; lobes sharply serrated, acute; petioles vel- vety, glandless ; stipulas setaceous; bracteas oval, serrated. hk. u5. Native of South America, probably of Peru. Flowers scarlet. Agreeing in habit with Tacsònia. Scarlet-flowered Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 97 P. incarnata (Lin. ameen. 1. p. 230. t. 10. f. 19. a. e.) leaves glabrous, somewhat cuneated at the base, 5-nerved, deeply trifid; lobes lanceolate, serrated; petioles biglandular at the apex; stipulas small; bracteas glandularly serrated ; ovarium villous. k. J. G. Native of South America and Virginia. Ald. hort. farn: t. 50. 52. 58. Mor. ox. 2. p. 6. sect. 1. t. 1. f. 9. Calycine lobes pale green. Petals white ; crown with a double circle of purple rays. The Flesh-coloured Granadilla, or May-apple, is a perennial, sending up annually a number of herbaceous shoots. ‘The flowers are sweet-scented, variegated with purple. The fruit, when ripe, is about the size of an apple, orange-coloured, with a sweetish yellow pulp. Var. B, integriloba (D. C. prod. 3. p. 329.) lobes of leaves entire. Ker. bot. reg. t. 332. P. Kérii, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 39. Flowers pink. Flesh-coloured-flowered Passion-flower or Granadilla. Fl. July, Aug. Clit. 1629. Pl. cl. 98 P. epu ris (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1989.) leaves glabrous, 3- lobed, serrated; petioles biglandular at the apex; bracteas glandularly serrated; crown about equal in length to the caly- cine lobes; ovarium glabrous. b. VS. Native of Brazil. Flowers whitish. Fruit purple, edible. Purple-fruiting Passi- flora, Sab. in hort. trans. 3. p. 99. t. 3. Purple-fruited Gra- nadilla, Sab. The flowers are fragrant, of a white colour tinged with purple. The fruit changes to a dark livid purple on be- coming ripe, and much resembles the fruit of the purple egg- plant. The shape is elliptic, an inch and a half in diameter, and 2 inches from the stalk to the top; the pulp is orange-coloured, and the seeds numerous ; the taste acid, and the flavour some- what like that of an orange. It produces fruit abundantly in stoves. Edible-fruited Passion-flower or Granadilla. Clt.? Shrub el. 99 P. serruta‘ra (Jacq. obs. 2. t. 46. f. 2.) leaves glabrous, 3-lobed, finely serrulated ; lobes oblong, middle one the longest ; petioles biglandular in the middle; bracteas entire. h.o. S. Native of South America, in the woods of Carthagena. Flowers variegated with crimson and white, sweet-scented, 24 inches wide. Serrulated-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 100 P. cunerrét1a (Cav. diss. 10. t. 292.) leaves glabrous, 3-lobed, serrated; lobes ovate, acuminated: petioles biglan- dular ; bracteas large, ovate, entire; crown 3 times longer than the calyx, k. S. Native of South America. Wedge-leaved Passion-flower. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1825. Sh. cl. 101 P. rritoga (Ruiz et Pav. ined. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 330.) leaves glabrous, cordate, 3-lobed ; lobes ovate-roundish, obtuse, somewhat denticulated ; petioles biglandular at the apex ; sti- pulas ovate-cordate, denticulated; bracteas large, ovate, mu- cronate. h. S. Native of Peru. Three-lobed-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl. Fl. July, Aug. III. PASSIFLORA. 53 102 P. vitiroxia (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 138.) leaves downy beneath, cordate, deeply 3-lobed ; lobes ovate, acuminated, sharply toothed, with the sinuses biglandular ; pe- tioles biglandular at the base, pubescent; bracteas glandularly toothed. h.. S. Native of South America, on the banks of the rivers Magdalena and Cassiquiares. Flowers yellowish ; outer crown orange-coloured ; inner crown white. Vine-leaved Passion-flower. Clt. 1823. Shrub cl. 103 P. pindsa (Ruiz et Pav. ined. ex D.C. prod. 3. p. 330.) plant hispid from rigid hairs; leaves cuneated at the base and cordate, 3-lobed; lobes coarsely toothed, ovate-lanceolate ; petioles biglandular ; stipulas ovate-cordate; bracteas oblong, ciliated. kh. S. Native of Mexico. (v. s. in herb. Lamb.) Pilose Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 104 P. apenéropa (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. ex D.C. prod. 3. p. 330.) leaves glabrous, cordate at the base, 5- nerved, 5-lobed ; lobes ovate, acuminated, somewhat serrated ; petioles bearing 2 pedicellate glands ; bracteas deeply serrated. eu. Se Native of Mexico. Stalked-glanded Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 105 P. ritamenrosa (Cav. diss. 10. t. 294.) leaves glabrous, 5-parted, serrated; petioles biglandular in the middle ; bracteas serrated; crown longer than the calyx or nearly equal to it. h. S. Native of South America. Sims, bot. mag. 2023. Flowers with whitish petals and blue crown, coloured very like those of P. cærùlea. Filamentous Passion-flower. Fl. Ju. Oct. Clt. 1817. Sh. cl. 106 P. paLma`ra (Lod. bot. cab. no. 97. Link, enum. 2. p. 183.) leaves glabrous, palmately 5-parted, somewhat serru- lated; serratures glandular; crown a little shorter than the calyx. h. J. S. Native of Brazil. P.filamentosa p, Ker. bot. reg. 584. Flowers the size of those of the following spe- cies, bluish; crown variegated with blue, purple, and white. Palmate-leaved Passion-flower. Fl. Ju. Oct. Clt. 1817. Sh. cl. 107 P. cærv'rea (Lin. amen. 1. p. 231. t. 10. f. 20.) leaves glabrous, 5-parted; lobes oblong, quite entire ; petioles bearing 4 glands at the apex; stipulas falcate ; bracteas ovate, entire ; crown shorter than the calyx. h. VU. S. Native of Brazil and Peru. Curt. bot. mag. t. 28. Herb. amat. t. 102. Sow- erby in Lin. trans. 2. p. 25. t. 4. f. 4, Calycine segments pale greenish white; the petals are nearly of the same shape and size. Styles purplish. Rays of the crown in two circles, pur- ple at bottom, white in the middle, and blue at the ends. Fruit egg-shaped, size of a Mogul plum, yellow when ripe. The flowers have a faint scent, and continue but one day, like many other species of this genus. This is the only kind which can be considered truly hardy. Var. B, angustif dlia ; lobes of leaves narrow ; plant flowering later than the species. A hybrid. Var. y, glaucophilla ; leaves glaucous beneath. Var. 6, Colvillei (Sweet, fl. gard. t. 126.) lobes of leaves ob- long-lanceolate, serrulated ; petioles biglandular at the apex ; stipulas rather lunate, serrulately ciliated ; bracteas ovate, obtuse, serrulated; threads of crown rather shorter than the corolla. p. H. A hybrid. Flowers whitish; petals tinged with blue ; outer crown variegated with purple, white, and blue. Blue-flowered or Common Passion-flower. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1699. Shrub cl. 108 P. serrara (Lin. ameen. 1. p. 232. t. 10. f. 21.) leaves glabrous, 7-parted, 7-nerved ; lobes serrated ; petioles bearing 4 glands ; bracteas joined to the middle, acute, entire. h. VS. Native of Martinico. Plum. amer. t. 79. Petals violet-co- loured. Crown variegated with purple, violet and white. Var. ß, digitata (Ruiz et Pav. ined. ex herb. Lamb. D. C. prod. 3. p. 330.) lobes of leaves hardly serrated. R. U S. Native of Peru. 54 Serrated-leaved Passion-flower. Clt. 1800. Shrub cl. 109 P. Lovrerriu; leaves glabrous, 5-parted; lobes quite entire ; petioles biglandular. kh. J. F. Native of China and Cochin-china. P. ccerilea, Lour. coch. p. 527. but not of Lin. P. Chinénsis, Sweet? Flowers greenish yellow, with a blue crown. Loureiro’s Passion-flower. Fl. Ju. Oct. Clt.? Shrub cl. 110 P. pepa‘ra (Lin. amæn. 1. p. 233. t. 10. f. 22.) leaves pedate, in consequence of the petiole being branched at the top; petiole biglandular ; segments of leaves oval, acuminated, ser- rated ; bracteas dentately fringed. h. VY. S. Native of St. Domingo and Trinidad. Plum. amer. t. 81. Calycine seg- ments pale green, with abundance of little red spots on the upper surface. Petals or inner calycine segments blue. The rays of the crown are very close, deep red, with 2 or 3 white rings, very slender, violet at the ends; they are twisted so as to resemble the serpents about Medusa’s head. Fruit the size of a middling apple, green, and dotted. Pedate-leaved Passion-flower. Clt. 1781. Shrub cl. Secr. VII. Tacsontoipes (plants resembling Tacsdnia in habit). D.C. prod. 3. p. 320. Tube of calyx rather elongated, nevertheless much shorter than the limb. The rest as in sec- tion Granadilla. Leaves 3-lobed, with the recesses and petioles glandular. An intermediate section between the genus Papi- flora and Tacsénia. 111 P. rerzextrtéra (Cav. icon. 5. t. 425.) glabrous ; leaves subpeltate, 3-lobed; lobes obtuse, quite entire, recesses and petioles bearing 6 glands; calycine lobes reflexed ; crown very short or almost wanting. R. S. Native of Panamaide, and near Bodegas, in South America. Tacsdnia reflexiflora, Juss. ann. mus. 6. p. 393. Flowers scarlet. Reflexed-flowered Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 112 P. ricrura ra (Ker. bot. reg. t. 673.) glabrous ; leaves subpeltate, reddish beneath, 3-lobed ; lobes quite entire, mu- cronate by a bristle ; recesses and petioles bearing 4 glands; calycine lobes reflexed, twice the length of the filamentous crown. h. S. Native of Brazil. P. picturàta, Lodd. bot. cab. t. 1050. differs in the lobes of the leaves being glandless. Flowers red; outer crown beautifully variegated with blue and white. Painted-leaved Passion-flower. Clt. 1820. Sh. el. Fl. Sept. Sect. VIII. Dysósmra (from dvowéne, dysodes, fetid, and ocun, osme, a smell; the species contained in this section have a bad smell), D. C. in mem. soc. gen. 1. pt. 2. p. 436. prod. 3. p- 331. Involucrum 3-leaved, under the flower ; leaflets di- vided into many setaceous lobes, which are tipped with. glands, Calyx 10-lobed, or the 5 inner ones are petals. Pedicels soli- tary. Fruit subcapsular.—Perhaps this section will form a proper genus. 113 P. nıBīscIròLIA (Lam. dict. 3. p- 39.) stem, petioles, and leaves clothed with soft velvety down on both surfaces ; leaves truncate at the base, 5-nerved, trifid; lobes Ovate-acuminated, somewhat dentate. h. S. Native of the West India Islands, P. foe’tida, var. a, Lin. ameen. 1. p- 228. t. 10. f.17. Plum. amer. t. 86. P. gossypifdlia, Desv. in Ham. prod. p. 48. ?— Giseck, icon. fasc. 1. t. 20. Flowers whitish. Plant fetid when bruised. HMibiscus-leaved Passion-flower. Fl]. July, Aug. Clt. 1731. Shrub cl. 114 P. ra’ripa (Cav. diss. 10. t. 289.) stems and petioles hispid ; leaves villous on both surfaces, 5-nerved, cordate at the base, 3-lobed ; lobes nearly entire, lateral ones very short, middle one acuminated. &. or 2. w» S. Native of the Carib- bee Islands and South America. Sims, bot. mag. 2619. Ker. PASSIFLOREZ. IIT. PASSIFLORA. bot. reg. 321. P. fæœ'tida, var. 3B, Lin. amæn. P. variegàta, Mill. P. hirsita, Lodd. bot. cab. 138. P. hircina, Sweet, hort. brit. Flowers whitish ; crown variegated with purple and blue. Plant fetid when bruised. Fetid Passion-flower. Fl. May, Oct. Clt.1731. Pl. cl. 115 P. acerIròLIA (Schlecht. et Cham. in Linnea. 5. p- 89.) the whole plant scabrous from hairs; leaves deeply cordate, pedately 5-7-nerved, cuneated within the recesses, 5 and some- times 7-lobed; paler and glandless beneath ; lobes acuminated, subserrated ; teeth mucronate; petioles biglandular at the apex; glands stipitate, recurved at the apex; stipulas semi- orbicular, sinuately toothed; teeth subulate ; peduncles twin, involucrated in the middle ; involucrum multifidly jagged, hardly glandular. h.. S. Native of Mexico, in woods near Jalapa. Flowers a little larger than those of P. fe’tida. Sycamore-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 116 P. crra‘ra (Ait. hort. kew. 3. p. 310.) stem glabrous; petioles rather pilose; leaves glabrous, somewhat 5-nerved, cordate at the base, trifid; lobes acuminated, ciliated. Y. ue Se Native of Jamaica. Curt. bot. mag. t. 288. Petals greenish on the outside and red within. Rays of crown variegated with white and purple. Stipe of ovarium deep purple, with darker spots. Ciliated-leaved Passion-flower. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1783. Pl. cl. + Species not sufficiently knonn. * Leaves entire. 117 P. appenpicuna‘ra (Meyer, esseq. p. 223.) leaves gla- brous, glandular beneath, 3-nerved, rounded from the base, oblong, mucronate ; petioles biglandular, puberulous ; pedicels twin, shorter than the petioles ; involucrum wanting. kh. VS Native of Guiana, in shady sandy places. Perhaps belonging to either section Ciéca or Decéloba. Flowers yellow. Appendiculated Passion-flower, Shrub cl. 118 P. cyatHépHora (Desv. in Ham. prod. p- 48.) leaves ob- long-lanceolate, undivided, undulated and narrowed in the middle, mucronulate, 3-nerved, subcordate at the base, quite glabrous above and nerved, glaucescent beneath ; petioles biglandular ; glands large, lateral, hollow, cup-shaped, usually twin; involu- crum wanting. h.. S. Native of Guiana. Perhaps belong- ing to section Ciéca or Decéloba. Cup-bearing Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 119 P. pyrirérmis (D.C. prod. 3. p. 331.) leaves glabrous, ovate, acuminated, feather-nerved ; petioles biglandular ; pedi- cels solitary ; fruit pear-shaped. h. u: S. Native of Brazil. Pear-shaped-fruited Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 120 P. Lanceora‘ta (Desv. l. c.) branches compressed, an- gular, ciliated with down ; leaves lanceolate, acute, mucronulate, rounded at the base, with the sides subauricled, pilose on both surfaces, quite entire ; petioles biglandular ; pedicels twin, ca- pillary ; fruit on a long pedicel. h. |. S. Native of the Antilles. Flowers scarlet. The rest unknown. Lanceolate-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl. | 121 P. tetrape'na (D. C. prod. 3. p- 331.) leaves ovate, — quite entire? petioles bearing 4 glands; bracteas toothed ; stem tetragonal, membranous. h. u: S. Native of Brazil. Vand. fi. lus. et bras. in Roem. script. 148, Perhaps P. alata or P. quadrangulàris. Four-glanded Passion-flower. Shrub cl, 122 P. THEoBRomæròoLIA (D. C. prod. 4. p- 331.) stems erect; leaves cordate, ovate, acuminated, unequally serrated, rather puberulous ; calyx double; petals ? spatulate. h.S. Native country unknown. Flowered in the Botanic Garden at Scheen- brun. P. guazumeefdlia, Jacq. fragm. p. 13. but not of Juss: This plant perhaps belongs to a different genus, not belonging | to this order. PASSIFLOREZ. Cacao-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 123 P. Cocuin-curne’nsts (Spreng. syst. app. p. 346.) leaves opposite, glabrous, ovate, undivided, quite entire; petioles bi- glandular ; flowers axillary, twin, 5-cleft ; berry ovate. h.. G. Native of Cochin-china, among bushes. P. pallida, Lour. coch. p. 527. This species differs from all the other Passifloras in the opposite leaves ; it is perhaps therefore a species of Mal- pighia. Flowers large, pale. Cochin-china Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 124 P. Stvcaporra‘na (Wall. cat. no. 1232.) leaves glabrous, oblong; the rest of the plant unknown. h.. S. Native of Singapore, in the East Indies. Like P. laurifolia. Singapore Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 125 P. Penanera‘na (Wall. cat. no. 1233.). leaves ovate-ob- long, entire, acuminated; tendrils trifid. h.. S. Native of Penang. Flowers unknown. Penang Passion-flower. Shrub cl. * * Leaves 2-lobed. 126 P. runa‘ra (Juss. herb. ex D.C. prod. 3. p. 331.) leaves rather downy beneath, glandular, 3-nerved, ovate at the base, lunately truncate at the apex ; nerves ending each in a bristle ; petioles glandless ; pedicels twin; bracteas linear. h. U.S. Native of Peru. Perhaps belonging to the section Ciéca or Decálcba. Moon-shaped-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 127 P. conrraye’rva (Smith, in Rees’ cycl. no. 23.) leaves glabrous, deeply 2-lobed ; lobes oblong, obtuse, hardly diverg- ing; calyx multifid. b. |. S. Native of Mexico.—Hern. mex. p. 801. lower figure. Allied to P. Mexicana and P. Dic- tamo, but differs from them in the flowers being multifid, not 5-cleft. The root is famous for its medicinal virtues, being sweetish with some pungency and fragrance, and is considered a powerful counterpoison, deobstruent, cordial, &c. Contrayerva Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 128 P. cunza‘ra (Willd. enum. p. 696.) leaves glabrous, glandular beneath, cuneated at the base, somewhat 2-lobed at the apex, with a mucrone between the lobes ; petioles glandless ; pedicels twin; calyx 10-cleft, the 5 inner divisions are called petals. kh. S. Native of Caraccas, Perhaps belonging to section Decdloba or section Granadilla. Cuneate-leaved Passion-flower. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt.? Sh. cl. 129 P. sicérnis (Mill. dict. no. 13.) leaves glabrous, stiff, 2-lobed ; pedicels long, horizontal ; fruit oval. h. o» S. Na- tive of South America, at Carthagena. Flowers small, white. Two-horned-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl. . 130 P. crypra‘ra (Smith, in Rees’ cycl. no. 20.) leaves pel- tate, glandular beneath, 5-7-nerved, reticulately veined, 2-lobed, furnished with a mucrone between the lobes ; petioles bearing 2 or 4 glands. kh... S. Nativeof New Granada. Flowers unknown. Buckler-leaved Passion-flower. Shrub cl. ** * Leaves 3-lobed. 131 P. crpnarzima (Bory, ann. gen. 2. p. 152. t. 22. f. 2) leaves glabrous, rather glandular beneath, somewhat 3-lobed, emarginate at the base ; lobes divaricate, linear, obtuse, rounded ; petioles very short, biglandular beneath the middle. h. o S. Native country unknown, and has never flowered in the gardens of Europe. Headed-flowered Passion-flower. Clt. 1826. Shrub cl. 132 P. muLTIFÓRMIS (Jacq. fragm. no. 169. t. 67. f. 1.) leaves glabrous, wrinkled beneath, cordate at the base, simple, 2 or 3- lobed, acuminated, very minutely serrated ; petioles biglandular. h. J. S. Native of South America, at Caraccas. Willd. enum. 697. Flowers unknown. The plant agrees with P. in- carnata in the shape of the leaves. Many-formed Passion-flower. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl. II. PASSIFLORA. 55 133 P. HETEROPHY'LILA (Lam. dict. 3. p. 41.) leaves glabrous, acute, lower ones lanceolate, nearly sessile: middle ones on short petioles, 3-parted : upper ones pedate, in consequence of the petiole being branched at the apex; tendrils wanting ; pedicels solitary, without an involucrum; calyx 10-lobed, or the 5 inner lobes, so called, are petals. h. V. S. Native of St. Do- mingo. Plum. ed. Burm. t. 139. f. 1. Perhaps belonging to section Decdloba or section Astréphea? Flowers yellowish. Variable-leaved Passion-flower. Clt.1817. Shrub cl. 134 P. Herma’nni (D.C. prod. 3. p. 332.) leaves velvety, 8-lobed; involucrum small, of 3 entire leaflets; calyx 10- parted. k. J. S. Native of Curassoa. Flowers whitish. Allied on one hand to P. hirstta and on the other to P. hibis- cifolia. Hermann’s Passion-flower. Shrub cl. 135 P.? rusrriora (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 139.) leaves glabrous, coriaceous, rounded at the base, 3-lobed; lobes oblong-lanceolate, equal, entire; petioles biglandular in the middle ; pedicels twin; tube of calyx about equal in length to the 5 lobes of the limb. h.. S. Native of Mexico, in arid places near Acapulco and Etambo del Egido. Probably a species of Tacsdnia. Flowers with a greenish calyx. Tube-flowered Passion-flower. Shrub cl. Cult. All the species of this elegant and curious genus, are well suited for climbers in conservatories and stoves, being free growers and of easy culture. They thrive well in very light rich soil, and the more room they are allowed, both for roots and stems, the freer they will grow and flower. They are all easily raised from cuttings planted in sand or mould, placed in heat; and the younger the cuttings are, the sooner they will strike root. Most of the species ripen fruit in our stoves, and consequently many fine varieties have been raised by impreg- nating the stigmas of one with the pollen of another. Several hybrids, raised from seeds set by the pollen of P. cærùlea are nearly hardy. Several of the species are marked greenhouse, in which they will grow and flower freely. Passiflora cærùlea is the only species that can be considered quite hardy, and it requires a sheltered situation; it is therefore safest to plant against a wall, that it may be protected by a mat in severe weather : it thrives well in any soil, and cuttings of it are readily rooted, under a hand-glass. Culture of the edible species of Granadilla.—All the species will fruit even in Jarge pots; but itis best to plant them in an angle of a stove, which has been parted off, either by boards or brick-work, as low as the pit goes. At the bottom of the cavity formed by this division, should be laid some brick rubbish, over which may be thrown a little dead tan, and the whole be then filled with equal parts of very old tan, and a compost of leaf-mould and rotten dung; therein the roots will strike freely, and will even spread through the partition into the pit. They do not require the full heat of a pine-stove, for they flourish best in a temperature of from 65° to 70°; but they will not bring their fruit to perfec- tion if kept in a common greenhouse or conservatory, though they will grow and flower init. The shoots as they advance may be trained near to and under the inclined glass of the stove ; the first flowers will appear in May, and the blooming will con- tinue until September, the fruit setting the whole time ; but if it does not set well it will be adviseable to impregnate the stigmas, by applying the pollen with a feather. As they grow, the very strong shoots should be cut out from their origin; for these do not bear fruit so abundantly as those which are less vigorous ; but the fruiting-branches must not be shortened on any account. The temperature must be kept up equally during the time of flowering and fruiting; the crop will begin to come in August, and will continue until January, but the earlier produce is the best. When the crop is all off, which will be early in January, 56 PASSIFLORE. the heat must be reduced to about 50°, so as to check and stop the growth. This being effected, the shoots must be well cut in. As little old wood as possible, besides the main stem, which rises from the pit to the glass, and a few pieces (about 2 or 3 feet of each) of the old branches should be retained; for all that is to be trained under the glass to bear in each year, ought to be the growth of the same season. It is found that the shoots break better and in greater quantity from the older wood than from that of two years’ standing. In this dormant and reduced state it is to be kept during January and February, after which the necessary heat may be applied to cause it to resume its functions for the ensuing season. IV. DISE’MMA (from éce, dis, two, and oreppa, stemma, a crown; in reference to the crown of the flower being double, or in two). Lab. sert. caled. p. 78. D.C. prod. 3. p. 332. Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Pentandria. Tube of calyx short, furrowed below. Crown of throat double ; outer one composed of distinct filamentous threads ; inner one tubular, with an entire or toothed border. The rest as in Passiflora. All the species are either natives of New Holland or New Caledonia. * Petioles biglandular at the apex. 1 D. avra’nt1a (Labill. caled. t. 79.) leaves glabrous, ovate at the base, broadly 3-lobed; lobes obtuse, middle lobe the longest : lateral ones furnished with a kind of appendage each on the outside ; bracteas bristle-formed, glandular at the apex, rather remote from the flower; petioles biglandular at the apex ; threads of outer crown about equal in length to the inner lobes of the calyx or petals. h., G. Native of New Caledonia. Passiflora aurantia. Forst. prod. p. 326. Cav. diss. 10. p. 457. Muructja aurantia, Pers. ench. 2. p. 222. Flowers orange- coloured, with the tube of the inner crown green, longer than the simple upright rays that surround it. Orange-flowered Disemma. Shrub cl. 2 D. Herszertia'na (D. C. prod. 3. p. 332.) leaves pubes- cent, cordate at the base, broadly 3-lobed ; lobes ovate, acutish ; petioles biglandular at the apex; pedicels twin, 1-flowered ; bracteas bristle-formed, very remote from the flower; threads of outer crown 3 or 4-times shorter than the inner calycine lobes or petals. h. G. Native of New Holland, in the interior. Passiflora Herbertiana, Ker. bot. reg. 737. Murucdja Her- bertiana, Sweet. Flowers white and greenish, with the crown yellow. Var. B, Caleyana (D. C. prod. 3. p. 333.) leaves semiorbi- cular at the base, hardly subcordate; bracteoles situated in the middle of the pedicel. kh. VY. G. Native of New Holland. Passiflora biglanduldsa, Caley. in herb. Lamb. Perhaps a pro- per species. Herbert's Disemma. FI. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1821. Shrub cl. 3 D. Bave'‘r1; leaves 3-lobed, sparingly glandular beneath ; lobes oblong, retuse, middle one more prolonged ; bracteas and stipulas setaceous ; rays filiform, longer than the corolla, which is plicate; disk 5-lobed. h. „G. Native of Norfolk Island. Fruit oval, blood-coloured. Flowers at first pale yellow, but at length orange-coloured, with the segments keeled and rather undulated, green on the outside. Muructja Bauéri, Lindl. coll. t. 36. Bauer’s Disemma. Shrub cl. 4 D. coccinea (D.C. prod. 3. p. 333.) leaves glabrous, glan- dular beneath, cuneated at the base, 3-nerved, bluntly 3-lobed ; petioles biglandular at the apex, longer than the pedicels ; brac- teas subulate, scattered, remote from the flower. h.. S. Native of New Holland. Passiflora coccinea, Banks, but not of Aubl. Flowers scarlet. Crown short, double. Fruit globose. Scarlet-flowered Disemma. Shrub cl. IV. DisemMa. V. Murvcvasa. ** Petioles glandless. 5 D. aprantiroxt1a (D. C. 1. c.) leaves glabrous, glandular beneath, truncate at the base, 3-5-lobed ; lobes obtuse, some- what 3-lobed ; petioles glandless, a little longer than the pedicels; bracteas subulate, scattered. h. VU. G. Native of Norfolk | Island. Passifldra adiantifdlia, Ker. bot. reg. 233. Passi- | flòra aurantia, Andr. bot. rep. t. 295. but not of Forst. Passi- flòra glabra, Wendl. coll. 1. t. 17. Passiflòra Adiantum, Willd. enum. 698. Murucija adiantif dlia, Sweet. Flowers yellow at first, fading to an orange-colour, with the inner crown green, longer than the purple rays that surround it. Adiantum-leaved Disemma. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1792. Sh.cl. Cult. See Passiflora, p. 55. for culture and propagation. Splendid and curious climbing shrubs. V. MURUCU‘A (a name given to many species of Passion- flower, especially those with edible fruit, by the natives of Brazil). Tourn. inst. t. 215. Juss. gen. p. 398. D.C. prod. 3. p. 333, Liv. syst. Monadélphia, Pentdndria. Tube of calyx fur- rowed below. Crown of throat simple, erect, tubularly-conical, truncate (f. 5. b. f. 6.c.); threads of crown not free, but joined together into a tube.—Habit of Passiflora. Petioles glandless. —Species all natives of the West Indies. Secr. I. Penra‘rra (from zevre, pente, five ; calyx 5-lobed). | D. C. prod. 3. p. 333. Calyx 5-lobed (f. 5. a.). 1 M. oxsicuta‘ra (Pers. ench. FI 2. p. 222.) leaves glabrous, glan- dular beneath, 3-nerved, orbicu- lar, somewhat 3-lobed ; petioles glandless, twisted ; tendrils few ; bracteoles narrow, very acute. h. U.S. Native of St. Do- mingo. Passiflòra orbiculàta, Cav. diss. 10. t. 286. Flowers crimson. : Orbicular-leaved Murucuja. Shrub cl. Sect. II. Deca‘rra (from Oexa, deka, ten; in reference to the calyx being 10-lobed). D.C. prod. 3. p. 333. Calyx 10-lobed (f.6.a.); the 5 inner lobes probably petals. 2 M. oceLLAa ra (Pers. l. c.) leaves glabrous, glandular be- neath, emarginate at the base, truncately 2-lobed at the apex; lobes obtuse, divaricate ; petioles FIG. 6 i glandless, shorter than the pedi- ous cels ; bracteas narrow, very acute. h. J. S. Native of the Antilles, in woods. Passiflora Murucija, Lin. ameen. 1. t. 10. f. 10. Cav. diss. 10. t. 287. Ker. bot. reg. t. 574. —Plum. amer. t. 87. Flowers deep red. Berry size of a pigeons egg, flesh-coloured when ripe. Both the syrup and decoction of the plant is much used in the leeward parts of Ja- maica, where it is frequent; and it is said to answer effectually all the purposes for which syrup of poppies and liquid laudanum are : generally administered. The flowers are most in use ; they are | commonly infused in, or powdered and mixed immediately with | PASSIFLOREZ. wine or spirits; and the composition is generally thought a very effectual and easy narcotic. Browne names it bull-hoof or Dutchman's laudanum, which are probably the vulgar names of the plant in Jamaica. Var. B; leaves rounded at the base, somewhat 3-lobed. Cav. l. c. Small-eyed Murucuja. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1730. Sh. cl. Cult. Climbing shrubs, with the habit of Passiflora, bearing beautiful flowers. Their culture and propagation are the same as that recommended for that genus, see p. 56. VI. TACSO'NIA (Tacso, the name of one of the species in Peru). Juss. gen. p. 398. ann. mus. 6. p. 388. D. C. prod. 3. p. 333. Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Penténdria. Tube of calyx long (f. 7.e.), with a 10-cleft limb (f. 7. a.).; the 5 inner lobes pro- bably petals ; throat furnished with a scaly membrane. Habit of Passiflora. Secr. I. Evracsonta (ew, well or good, and Tacsdnia ; this section contains the genuine species of the genus). D.C. prod. 3. p. 333. Involucrum large, 3-leaved (f. 6. f.); bracteas sometimes free, sometimes joined together. * Leaves undivided. 1 T. aputrerina (Juss. ann. mus. 6. p. 393.) leaves woolly beneath, glabrous above, ovate, almost entire, with revolute edges ; petioles glandless ; stipulas tooth- ed, linear-lanceolate. h.. S. Native of New Granada. Passi- flòra adulterina, Lin. fil. suppl. p. 408. Smith, pl. ined. t. 24. Flowers purple. Berry ovate, Spotted. Adulterated Tacsonia. Sh. cl. 2 T.tana'ta (Juss. ann. mus. 6. t. 59. f. 1.) leaves woolly be- neath, glabrous above, ovate-cor- date, entire, with somewhat revo- lute edges; petioles glandless; Stipulas narrow, hidden among h.o. S. Native of the Andes, about Quindiu. Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 141. Flowers white ? Woolly Tacsonia. Shrub cl. * * Leaves 3-lobed. ` _3 T. rrrrorra'ra (Juss. l. c. p. 393.) whole plant white from silky tomentum; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets ovate-oblong, quite entire ; petioles glandless; stipulas half stem-clasping, ciliated with glands. h.. S. Native of Peru, in the valley of Canta. Trifoliate Tacsonia. Shrub cl. 4 T. sanevinea (D. C. prod. 3. p. 334.) leaves tomentose beneath, reticulately veined, smooth above, deeply 3-lobed ; lobes acute, serrated; petioles glandless ; bracteas glandularly- toothed. h., S. Native of the West Indies. Passiflòra sanguínea, Smith, in Rees’ cycl. no. 45. Flowers deep red. Blood-coloured-flowered Tacsonia. Shrub cl. 5 T. pinnatistivuta (Juss. l. c.) leaves white from velvety down beneath, trifid beyond the middle ; lobes serrated ; stipulas pinnate ; petioles with 4-8 glands. hk. S. Native of Chili. Sweet, fi. gard. new. ser. 2. t. 156. Passiflora pinnatistipula, Cav. icon. 5. t. 428. Flowers rose-coloured or purplish ; crown deep ue. Var. B, pénnipes (Smith, in Rees’ cycl. no. 48. under Passi- fòr a) stipulas atiy parted into i a lobes, one of which 18 pinnate at the apex. VOL, III, the tomentum of the stem. H. B. et V. Morucusa. ~ VI. TAcsoNIA, oO Pinnate-stipuled Tacsonia. Clt. 1828. Shrub cl. 6 T. micrape'na (D. C. prod. 3. p. 334.) clothed with vel- vety tomentum ; leaves trifid, somewhat cordate, 3-5-nerved ; lobes ovate-lanceolate, serrated ; petioles bearing small glands, which are hidden among the tomentum; stipulas palmately parted into capillary lobes. h. S. Native of Peru. Small-glanded Tacsonia. Shrub cl. 7 T. tomentosa (Juss. l. c. p. 394.) leaves tomentose, trifid beyond the middle, 3-nerved; lobes ovate, serrated; petioles bearing 6 pedicellate glands; stipulas falcate, serrulated on the outside. h.J.S. Native of Peru. P. tomentosa, Cav. diss. 10. t. 275, 276. Flowers rose-coloured. Tomentcse Tacsonia. Shrub cl. 8 T. manica‘ra (Juss. l. c. t. 59. f. 2.) leaves somewhat to- mentose beneath, trifid beyond the middle ; lobes oval-oblong, serrated ; petioles bearing 3-4 glands at the apex; stipulas roundish, spreading, crestedly toothed on the outside. R.. S. Native of Peru, about Loxa. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 139. Var. B; lobes blunter and more tomentose beneath. of Villade Ybarra. Var. y? petioles bearing many glands. Var. 6; bracteas joined together at the base. Saraguru. Manicated-stipuled Tacsonia. Native On Mount Quindiu. On Mount Shrub cl. Secr. II. Bracrzoca'ma (from fpaxoc, brakys, a cover, and yapue, gamos, marriage ; in reference to the bracteas of the invo- lucrum being joined together). D. C. prod. 3. p. 334. Bracteas of involucrum 3, joined together into a tube. 9 T. rricona (D. C. prod. 3. p. 334.) leaves clothed with hoary hairs beneath, pubescent above, deeply 3-lobed; lobes oblong, diverging, serrulated; petioles bearing 2-4 glands; sti- pulas manicated, denticulated, awned at the apex. R.o. S. Native of Peru. Passiflora trigona, Ruiz et Pav. ined. (v.s. in herb. Lamb.) Trigonal Tacsonia. Shrub cl. 10 T. pepuncua‘ris (Juss. l. c. p. 395.) leaves downy on the nerves beneath, cordate at the base, 3-nerved, trifid; lobes ovate, obtuse, serrated; petioles bearing 4 glands; stipulas ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, serrated. h.. S. Native of Peru. Passiflora peduncularis, Cav. icon. 5. t. 426. Murucuja peduncularis, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 43. Flowers purple or rose- coloured. Var. B, Dombeyana (D. C. prod. 334.) lobes of leaves acute ; bracteas entire. Peduncular Tacsonia. Clt.? Shrub cl, 11 T. mortissrma (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 144.) leaves clothed with canescent tomentum beneath, and pubescence above, cordate at the base, 5-nerved, 3-lobed; lobes ovate, acute, sharply toothed; petioles bearing 12 glands; stipulas semi-ovate, acuminated, denticulated. kh. UV. S. Native of Santa Fe de Bogota. Murucdja mollissima, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 43. Flowers rose-coloured. Very soft Tacsonia. Shrub cl. 12 T. rrieartira (Juss. l. c. t. 60.) leaves rather tomentose beneath, smooth above, 3-parted; lobes lanceolate, serrated ; petioles bearing 6-8 glands; stipulas manicated, crestedly toothed. h.V.S. Native of South America, in woods about Quito. H. B. et Kunth, l. c. 2. p. 142. Flowers rose-coloured. Tripartite-\eaved Tacsonia. Shrub el. 13 T. mixta (Juss. l. c. 394.) leaves glabrous, 3-lobed ; lobes oblong, serrated ; petioles bearing 6 glands ; stipulas ob- long, acuminated, serrated on the outside. h. U.S Native of New Granada. Passiflòra mixta, Lin. fil. suppl. 408. Smith, icon. ined. t. 25. I 58 PASSIFLOREZ. VI. Tacsonta. Var. B, longiflora (D. C. prod. 3. p. 335.) leaves pubescent beneath; lateral lobes sometimes 2-lobed. h.. S. Native of Peru. T. longifldra and T. Tasco, Pers. ench. 2. p. 223. Flowers rose-coloured or purplish. Mixed Tacsonia. Shrub cl. 14 T. sreciòsa (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 143.) leaves glabrous, cordate at the base, reticulately 5-nerved, deeply 3-lobed ; lobes ovate-oblong, sharply serrated ; petioles bear- ing 6-8 pedicellate glands ; stipulas suborbicular, awned, denti- culated. h. S. Native of Santa Fe de Bogota. Murucuja specidsa, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 43. Flowers rose-coloured. Showy Tacsonia. Shrub cl. 15 T. GLABE'RRIMA (Juss. ann. mus. 6. p. 394.) leaves gla- brous, coriaceous, 3-lobed; lobes oval-lanceolate, stiffly ser- rated; petioles biglandular at the apex ; stipulas glove-formed, dentately crested. kh. U.S. Native of Peru, on the Andes in shady places. Flowers purple. Quite-glabrous Tacsonia. Shrub cl. 16 T. anastomosans (Lamb. herb. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 835.) leaves glabrous, coriaceous, cuneated at the base, 38-nerved, trifid ; lobes ovate-lanceolate, callously serrated; petioles bearing 4 glands; stipulas ovate, awned, callously serrated. k. VU. S. Native of Peru. Anastomosing-veined Tacsonia. Shrub cl. 17 T. parvirdiia (D.C. prod. 3. p. 335.) leaves glabrous, glaucous beneath, 3-5-nerved, trifid; lobes ovate-lanceolate, acutely serrated; petioles bearing 4 glands ; stipulas semi-cor- date, acuminated, nearly entire. h. V.S. Native of Peru. Ruiz et Pav. (v. s. in herb. Lamb.) Small-leaved Tacsonia. Shrub cl. Secr. III. Disterwa‘na (from òc, dis, double, and oregavoc, stephanos, a crown; in reference to the double crown in the throat). Juss. l. c. D. C. prod. 3. p. 385.—Distéphia, Salisb. in litt. Involucrum small, 3-leaved; leaflets free, biglandular in the axils. Throat of calyx bearing a membranous tube, and a series of ligulæ. 18 T. eranpuròsa (Juss. l. c. p. 391.) leaves glabrous, co- riaceous, ovate, acuminated, quite entire, feather-nerved; petioles biglandular at the base, about equal in length to the pedicels ; bracteas subulate, near the flower. h. o» S. Native of Cayenne. Passiflòra glandulòsa, Cav. diss. 10. t. 281. ; Var. B, canaliculata (D. C. 1. c.) petioles thicker, and chan- nelled at the base. Glandular Tacsonia. Shrub cl. 19 T. Ronrra‘na (D. C. prod. 3. p. 335.) leaves glabrous, coriaceous, ovate-oblong, acuminated, quite entire, feather- nerved ; petioles biglandular at the base, one-half shorter than the pedicels; bracteas subulate, remote from the flower. R.o» S. Native of Cayenne. Rohr’s Tacsonia. Shrub cl. 20 T. Srovpya'na (D.C. 1. c.) leaves glabrous, coriaceous, ovate, acuminated, quite entire, feather-nerved ; petioles biglan- dular at the base; bracteas oval, obtuse, foliaceous. kh. VY. S. Native of Cayenne. Cav. diss. 10. t. 281. lit. x. Stoupy’s Tacsonia. Shrub cl. 21 T. crrriréxra (Juss. l. c. p. 392. in a note,) leaves oval, coriaceous, quite entire, feather-nerved ; petioles biglandular at the apex. h. S. Native of Cayenne. (v. s. herb. Juss.) Citron-leaved Tacsonia. Shrub cl. + Species belonging to section Distephana, but doubtful. 22 T. auaprictAnputosa (D. C. 1. c.) leaves glabrous, obtuse at the base, unequally serrated : superior ones oblong; inferior ones 3-lobed: recesses of the lobes of the leaves, petioles, and bracteas bearing 4 glands each. h. u. S. Native of Guiana, VII. Pascuantuus. VIII. Mopecca. in woods, in the Island of Arowabisch. Passiflòra quadriglan- dulòsa, Meyer, esseq. p. 226. Four-glanded Tacsonia. Shrub cl. 23 T. qvapripenta'ta (D. C. 1. c.) leaves glabrous, ovate- lanceolate, feather-nerved, with a few coarse acute teeth; pe- tioles biglandular at the base ; bracteas oblong, biglandular. h. | u S. Native of the West Indies. | Four-toothed-leaved Tacsonia. Shrub cl. 24 T. rusr'scens (D. C. 1. c.) leaves pubescent, ovate, lan- | ceolate ; petioles biglandular at the base; bracteas ovate-lan- | ceolate, acuminated, glandularly serrated, and glandular on the back. h.. S. Native of the East Indies. Downy Tacsonia. Shrub cl. Sect. IV. Psiza/nruus (from roe, psilos, naked, and arboç, anthos, a flower ; in reference to the flowers being naked, or without the involucrum). D. C. prod. 3. p. 335. Involucrum none under the flower. 25 T. rrine’rvia (Juss. l. c. t. 58.) leaves tomentose beneath, oval, 3-nerved; nerves protruding so much as to form teeth; petioles glandless ; calyx 10-lobed. k.. S. Native of South America, in shady places at the river Cassiquiare. H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 142. Flowers rose-coloured ? Three-nerved-leaved Tacsonia. Shrub cl. 26 T.? virrpirLoRA (Juss. ann. mus. 6. p. 389.) leaves pel- | tate, 3-lobed; calyx 5-lobed. h.o- S. Native of Mexico, in the vicinity of Acapulco. Passiflòra viridiflora, Cav. icon. 5: t. 424. Intermediate between Tacsdnia, Passiflora, and Muri- cùja. Flowers green. Green-flowered Tacsonia. Shrub cl. Cult. ` The species have the habit of Passiflòra, and some of them are equally showy. Their culture and propagation are the same, see p. 56. VII. PASCHA’NTHUS (from zacyw, pascho, to be in a pas sion, and aySoc, anthos, a flower; the same meaning as Passi flora). Burch, trav. 1. p. 543. D. C. prod. 3. p. 336. Lin. syst. Polygdmia, Monoècia. Flowers polygamous Calyx permanent, tubular, 10-cleft ; 5 outer lobes ovate : 5 innet ones oblong-linear, petaloid, or rather truly petals. Stamens 5 free. Anthers linear, inserted by the base. Ovarium stipitate: Stigmas 3, very short. Capsule subbaccate, 3-valved, 6-seeded. Seeds ornamented with red fleshy aril.—Habit of Passiflora. 1 P. rEpa’Npus (Burch. 1. c.) leaves glabrous, glaucous, 09 long-linear, repand, 1-nerved, bearing 3 glands beneath ; petioles very short, glandless ; peduncles bearing a tendril, and two 1- flowered pedicels. h. „. G. Native of the Cape of G Hope. Repand-leaved Paschanthus, Shrub cl. Cult. This very singuiar plant, being a native of the Cape of Good Hope, will thrive ina green-house, and will form an exce" lent climber for the rafters. Its culture and propagation are the same as that recommended for Passiflora, see p. 56. VIII. MODE'CCA (East Indian name of one of the species) | Rheed. mal. 8. t. 20-23. Lam. dict. 4. p. 208. Blum. bijdr. P: 938. D.C. prod. 3. p. 336. Lin. syst. Dioécia, Monadélphia. Flowers dioecious. Calys permanent, campanulate, 10-cleft (f. 8. b.): 5 outer lobes OY acute : 5 inner lobes petaloid or probably petals (f. 8. b.). Scales 5-10 (f. 8. ¢.), rarely wanting, rising from the calyx. Stamens 5, inserted in the torus? monadelphous: anthers standing: Ovarium (f. 8. d.) on a short stipe. Stigmas 3, petaloid (f. 8. e) Capsule bladdery, 1-celled, 3-valved, one or many-seeded. Seeds furrowed by rows of tubercles (f. 8. f.), arillate, fixed to 3 P® rietal placentas, which are adnate to the middle of the valves- | Habit of plants between Passiflora and Brydnia. PASSIFLOREZA. VIII. Mopscca. 1 M. parma‘ra (Lam. dict. 4. p. 209.) leaves glabrous, variously palmately lobed, glandular beneath ; stipulas spines- cent; pedicels bractless. h. ¥,. S. Native of Malabar. Flowers yellowish. Probably many species are confused under this name. Var. a, Naròla (D.C. prod. 3. p. 336.) lobes of calyx acumi- nated ; petaloid lobes or petals wanting ; fruit globose.—Rheed. mal. 8. t. 20. Var. B, palmodécca (D. C. 1. c.) lobes of calyx acutish; pe- taloid lobes or petals feathered palmately; fruit globose. h. VU. S. Rheed. 1. c. t. 21. Var. y, Motta (D. C. 1. c.) lobes of calyx very much acumi- anes petaloid lobes or petals wanting ; fruit ovate——Rheed. a Cats 226 Palmate-leaved Modecca. Shrub cl. 2 M. rosa‘ra (Jacq. fragm. t. 131.) leaves glabrous, cordate at the base, 3-5-7-lobed, glandless ; petioles biglandular at the apex ; pedicels bractless. kh. |. S. Native of Sierra Leone. Ker, bot. reg. t. 131. Flowers yel- lowish. (f. 8.) Lobed-leaved Modecca. FI. Aug. Clt. 1812. Shrub cl. _8 M. inrecriréuia (Lam. dict. 4. p. 209.) leaves glabrous, ovate-lanceolate, usually entire, much acuminated; pedicels bract- less, very short, few-flowered ; fruit globose. h.. S. Native A Malabar.—Rheed. mal. 8. t. 3. Entire-leaved Modecca. Shrub cl. 4 M. Wicuria‘'na (Wall. cat. no. 6764.) smooth; leaves cor- date, triangularly ovate, entire; tendrils simple ; capsule blad- dery ; seeds scrobiculate. h.. S. Native of the East Indies, on the Gingee Hills. Like M. integrifdlia, Lam. Wight’s Modecca. Shrub cl. 5 M. auie'va (Wall. cat. no. 6766.) leaves deeply cordate at the base, oblong, acuminated ; lobes at the base rounded ; pedi- cels umbellate on the top of shortish peduncles ; tendrils simple. h. JS. Native of Silhet. Alien Modecca. Shrub cl. 6 M. acumrna‘ra (Blum. bijdr. p. 940.) leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, somewhat cordate at the base, and biauriculate ; flowers racemose, rising from elongated axillary tendrils ; fruit ovate, acuminated. h. J. S. Native of Java, on Mount Salak. Allied to M. integrifdlia according to Blume. Acuminated-fruited Modecca. Shrub cl. T M. nereropny’txa (Blum. bijdr. p. 940.) leaves undivided or 3-lobed, acuminated, somewhat cordate at the base, and some- what biauriculate; fruit oblong, acuminated at both ends. h. u: S. Native of Java, on Mount Gede. Variable-leaved Modecca. Shrub cl. 8 M. piverstrdria (Wall. cat. no. 6763.) smooth; lower leaves triangularly ovate; upper ones 3-lobed, peltate at the base: lateral lobes sometimes bifid ; pedicels 1-flowered, bractless ; tendrils simple. h.. S. Native of the East Indies. Fruit bladdery, 3-valved. Root tuberous. Momérdica heterophylla, Wight, mss. Diverse-leaved Modecca. Shrub cl. 9 M. corpirotta (Blum. bijdr. p. 939.) leaves membranous, on short petioles, cordate, mucronulate, biauriculate at the base ; flowers corymbose, dichotomous, rising from elongated axillary tendrils. h.. S. Native of Java, on Mount Salak, FIG. 8. IX. Demamia. X. Vareca. 59 Heart-leaved Modecca. Shrub cl. 10 M. osrv'sa (Blum. bijdr. p. 939.) leaves coriaceous, ob- long-cordate, obtuse, biauriculate at the base; flowers corym- bose, dichotomous, rising from short axillary tendrils. bh. VU. S. Native of Java, on Mount Salak. Obtuse-leaved Modecca. Shrub cl. 11 M. PARVIFLORA ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, entire, acumi- nated, glabrous ; tendrils simple; peduncles axillary, dichoto- mous. kh. u. S. Native of Sierra Leone. Flowers small, yellow. Small-flowered Modecca. Shrub cl. 12 M. macropny’tia (Blum. bijdr. p. 939.) leaves coria- ceous, oval, bluntish at both ends, somewhat auriculated at the base ; flowers corymbose, dichotomous, rising from axillary ten- drils. k.. S. Native of Java, on Mounts Salak, Parang, &c. Long-leaved Modecca. Shrub cl. 13 M. austra‘tis (R. Br. ined. ex D.C. prod. 3. p. 337.) leaves glabrous, somewhat peltate at the base, cordate, running down the petiole in an auriculated manner at the base, acute, entire, glandless. h.. S. Native of New Holland, in the gulph of Carpentaria. Southern Modecca. Shrub cl. 14 M.? sracrea‘ra (Lam. dict. p. 210.) leaves scabrous from tubercles on both surfaces, palmately lobed, emarginate at the base; pedicels bracteate, racemose; calyxes somewhat ser- rated. h.¥.S. Native of the East Indies. Bracteated Modecca. Shrub cl. Cult. See Passiflira, p. 56. for culture and propagation. The flowers of the species are by no means showy. IX. DEIDA‘MIA (a mythological name, daughter of Lyco- medes, king of Scyros). Pet. Th. gen. pl. afr. 2. p. 61. t. 20. D.C. prod. 3. p. 337. Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Penta-Octéndria. Calyx 5-8-part- ed; lobes petaloid; crown a simple series of filamentose appen- dages, rising from the interior part of the calyx. Stamens equal in number to the lobes of the calyx; filaments joined at the base into a column. Ovarium ovate. Styles 3-4. Capsule pedicellate, 3-4-valved. Seeds arillate.—Climbing Madagascar shrubs, with axillary tendrils, impari-pinnate leaves, and glan- dular petioles. 1 D. Noronuia‘na (D. C. prod. 3. p. 337.) leaflets obovate, somewhat cuneated at the base, emarginate at the apex ; pedun- cles 2-3-flowered ; flowers pentandrous. h. J. S. Native of Madagascar. D. alata, Pet. Th. 1. c. t. 20. Flowers brownish. Noronh’s Deidamia. Shrub cl. 2 D. Commersonia‘na (D.C. 1. c.) leaflets elliptic, mucro- nate at the apex; peduncles 5-7- flowered ; flowers pentandrous. h. u. S. Native of Madagascar. Commerson’s Deidamia. Shrub cl. 3 D. Tuompsonia'na (D. C. prod. 3. p. 337.) leaves elliptic, hardly mucronate, rather coriaceous; peduncles 5-7-flowered ; flowers octandrous. h. S. Native of Madagascar. Passi- flòra octandra, Thompson in herb. Lamb. Thompson's Deidamia, Shrub cl. Cult. See Passiflora, p. 56. for culture and propagation. X. VARE'CA (altered from Walwareka, the name of the fruit in Ceylon). Geertn. fruct.1. p. 219. t. 6. f. 6. D.C. prod. 3. p. 337. Lin. syst. unknown. Flowers unknown. Berry 1-celled ; pulp divided into numerous partial cells for the reception of the seeds. Placentas 3, parietal, many-seeded. 1 V. Zeyxa’nica (Geertn. l.c.) Native of Ceylon. but the fruit of this plant is known. Ceylon Vareca, Shrub cl. ? 12 Nothing 60 MALESHERBIACE. Cult. See Passiflora, p. 56. for culture and propagation. Orvrer CVI. MALESHERBIA‘CEE (this order only con- tains the genus Maleshérbia). D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 1827. p. 321.—Passifloreee, Tribe III.—Malesherbiée, D. C. prod. 3. p. 337. Calyx tubular (f. 9. h.), membranous, inflated, 5-lobed (f. 9. a.); lobes imbricated in estivation. Petals 5 (f. 9. b.), alter- nating with the segments of the calyx, permanent, convolute in zestivation, arising on the outside of the short membranous crown (f. 9. e.). Stamens 5-10, perigynous ; filaments filiform, dis- tinct, or connected with the stipe of the ovarium ; anthers versa- tile. Ovarium superior (f. 9. g.), stipitate, 1-celled, with the placentas at the base, from which the ovules arise by the inter- vention of umbilical cords. Styles 3, filiform, very long, arising from distinct points at the apex of the ovarium (f.9. d.) ; stigmas clavate. Fruit capsular, 1-celled, 3-valved, membranous more or less, many-seeded. Seeds attached by umbilical cords to pla- centas, arising either from the axis of the valves, or from their base ; testa crustaceous, brittle, with a fleshy crest, and no arillus, Embryo terete in the centre of fleshy albumen, with the radicle next the hylum.—Herbaceous or half shrubby plants, clothed with glandular pubescence. Leaves alternate, simple lobed, without stipulas. Flowers axillary or terminal, solitary, yellow or blue. This order agrees with Passiflòreæ on the one hand, and Tur- nerace@ on the other. From the former they differ in the inser- tion of their styles, in their versatile anthers, in their short pla- centas, membranous fruit, terete embryo, want of arillus, and stipulas; and altogether in their habit. From Turneracee, to which their habit nearly allies them, they differ in the presence of a perigynous membrane, in the remarkable insertion of the styles, and in the want of all trace of an arillus; agreeing with that order in the estivation of the corolla, and in the principal other points of their structure. The plants are unknown except as objects of great beauty. I. MALESHE’RBIA (in memory of Christian William de Lamoignon Malesherbes, born at Paris in 1721, a great patron of the sciences). Ruiz et Pav. prod. p. 45. D. Don, l. c. D. C. prod. 1. c.—Gynopleira, Cav. icon. 4. p. 51. Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Character the same as that of the order. 1 M. ruyrsirxora (Ruiz et Pav. prod. p. 457. et Hook. bot. misc. vol. 2. p. 220.) leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, sinuately toothed, tomentose ; tube of calyx long, with a contracted throat; crown 10-cleft, with the segments 2-4-toothed. h.G. Native of Peru, in exposed argillaceous soil. Gynopleira tubuldsa, Cav. icon. 4. t. 375. Flowers yellow. Thyrse-flowered Malesherbia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 2 M. ranicura‘ra (D. Don in edinb. phil. journ. 1827. p- 321.) leaves oblong, obtuse, ciliated, pinnatifid : upper ones nearly entire; throat of calyx dilated; crown simple, acutely toothed. h.G. Native of the north of Chili. Flowers yellow ? Panicled-flowered Malesherbia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 3 M. urneariroxia (D. Don in edinb. phil. journ. Jan. 1832.) villous; leaves linear, entire; throat of calyx dilated; crown 10-cleft, with toothed segments. .? G. Native of Chili, especially in the tract of Portilla, near Mendoza. Gynopleira linearifolia, Cav. icon. 4. p. 52. t. 876. Flowers white. I, MALESHERBIA. LOASEZ. Linear-leaved Malesherbia. Pl. 2 to 3 feet. 4 M. uu‘miuis (D. Don, l. c.) plant very villous; leaves jag- ged; throat of calyx dilated; crown simple, erosely toothed; h. G. Native of Chili about Coquimbo, Flowers white. Clt. 1832. Pl. procumbent, anthers roundish. Stems procumbent. Dwarf Malesherbia. Fl. Aug. 5 M. corona‘ra (D. Don, l.c.) plant clothed with glandular pu- bescence ; leaves linear, sinuately toothed; throat of calyx dilat- ed; crown simple, toothed. h. G. Native of Chili, at Valpa- raiso. Flowers blue; crown white. Sweet, fl. gard. new. ser. t. 167. (f. 9.) Crowned Malesherbia. FI. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1832. Pl. 2 to 8 feet. 6 M. rascicuza‘ta (D. Don, l. c.) leaves lanceolate, acumi- nated, quite entire; flowers in fascicles; crown 10-cleft, with the segments tridentate. h.G. Native of Chili. A stiff erect shrub. Flowers small, in bundles at the tops of the branches. | Fascicled-flowered Malesherbia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. | 7 M. tenurrot1a (D. Don in edinb. phil. journ. Oct. 1832.) leaves nearly pinnate; segments linear ; calyx tubular ; crown | deeply lobed. ©. G. Native of the south of Peru, in the province of Tarapaca at Huataconda, where it is commonly called Agi de Zorra, i. e. Fox capsicum. Flowers reddish, ac- | cording to the dried specimen. i Fine-leaved Malesherbia. Fl. Feb. Pl. + foot. Cult. This genus is composed of curious plants, bearing very showy singular flowers, and are therefore worthy of culture as ornaments. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand, or any light rich earth is a good soil for them. The shrubby species may either be increased by seeds ; or young cuttings will root if planted in light soil, under a hand-glass. The seeds of annual kinds require to be sown in a hot-bed, in order to forward the plants; and after they have grown an inch in height, they may be potted off into small pots, and afterwards shifted into pots 0 increasing size, as they grow. Some of them may be plan out into the open border, in a sheltered situation, where they will probably flower and seed freely. Orver CVII. LOA‘SEZ (plants agreeing with Loasa, in important characters). Juss. ann. mus. 5. p- 18. dict. se. nat. 27. p. 93. D. C. prod. 3. p. 3839.—Loàseæ-veræ, H. B. et | Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 115. i Tube of calyx adhering to the ovarium, or girding it closely (f. 10. a. f. 12. a.); limb 5-parted (f. 11. a. f. 12. a.), rarely 4-parted, permanent. Petals equal in number to the lobes of the calyx (f. 12. b. f. 11. b.), with an inflexed valvate æsti- | vation, or double that number (E 10. 0), and disposed in | 2 series; those of inner series, when present, usually much smaller (f. 10. b.) than those of the outer, scale-formed and truncate at the apex, inserted in the throat of the calyx Stamens indefinite, arising from within the petals, disposed in several series, either distinct (f. 10. ¢.), or joined at the base in| several parcels before each petal, within the cavity of which | they lie in estivation ; filaments subulate (f. 10. g.), unequal, the outer ones frequently destitute of anthers, Ovarium adnate LOASEÆ. I. to the calyx (f. 10.a. f. 11. e.), or inclosed within it, 1-celled, with _ several parietal placentas (f. 11.), or with 1 free central lobed one. Style 1, composed of 3-5-7-joined ones, crowned by as many lobes or stigmas. Capsule dry or succulent, crowned by the calyx (f. 10. d. f. 11. g. f. 12. c.), 1-celled, with several parietal placentas (f. 11.), originating at the sutures, and therefore may be called marginal, 3-4-7-valved ; placentas equal in number to the valves, sometimes drawn out so far as to form dissepiments (f. 11. f.). Seeds numerous, without arillus. Embryo lying in the axis of a fleshy albumen; with the radicle pointing to the hilum, and flat small cotyledons.—American herbs more or less pilose or hispid, with the hairs or bristles usually stinging like those of the nettle, in consequence of their secreting an acrid juice. Leaves opposite or alternate, exstipulate, simple, but usually variously divided. Peduncles axillary, 1-flowered. Flowers elegant. This order is distinguished from Onagrarite by its unilocular ovaria, and indefinite stamens, part of which are sterile; and perhaps by the latter character, and the addi- tional 5 petals, connected with Passiflorée, with which they sometimes also accord in habit. Their rigid stinging hairs, climbing habit, and lobed leaves resemble those of some Urti- cee. On the same account they may be compared with Cucur- bitacee, with which they further agree in their inferior unilocular fruit, with parietal placentas, and in the very generally yellow colour of their flowers. This, indeed, is the order with which, upon the whole, Loàseæ must be considered to have the closest affinity, ; Sinopsis of the genera. 1 Bartonia. Tube of calyx cylindrical (f. 10. a.); limb 5- parted (f. 10. a.). Petals 5-10 (f. 10. b.), about equal in shape. Stamens numerous (f. 10. c.). Capsule 3-7-valved ; each pla- centa bearing 2 rows of seeds. 2 Brumensa’cuta. Tube of calyx spirally twisted (f. 11. e.); limb 5-parted (f£. 11. g.). Petals 10 (f. 11. 5.); 5 outer ones cucullate, and the 5 inner ones scale-formed, each scale inclosing 2 sterile filaments. Fertile stamens disposed in 5 bundles (f. 11. b.). Fruit dividing into 10 parts at the base. 3 Loasa. Tube of calyx not twisted (f. 12. a.) ; limb 5- parted (f. 12. ¢.). Petals 10 (f. 12. b.); the 5 inner ones scale- formed, bearing 2 sterile filaments inside. Outer series of stamens sterile and free ; inner ones disposed in 5 bundles, but distinct. Capsule 1-celled, 3-valved at the apex. 4 Catépnora. The fruit is oval, bursting into 3 valves from the base upwards; the placentas then separate from the sides of the capsule, and have the appearance of 3 arched columelle. The rest as in Lodsa. 5 Menrze'tia. Tube of calyx cylindrical (f. 13. b.); limb 5-lobed (f. 13. d.). Petals 5 (f. 18. a.). Stamens free, usually disposed in bundles (f. 13. e.). Capsule turbinate, 3-valved, few-seeded E 13. £.). 6 Kraproruta. Calyx with a turbinate tube, and a 5- parted limb. Petals 4. Stamens numerous, 4-5 sterile in front of each sepal, and 4-5 fertile in front of each petal. Fruit baccate, few-seeded. - very smooth; seeds winged. ©. 61 I. BARTO'NIA (Benj. S. Barton, M. D., professor of botany at Philadelphia). Sims, bot. mag. t. 1487. Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p.297. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 327. D. C. prod. 3. p. 339. but not of Willd. Lin. syst. Zcosándria, Monogjnia. Tube of calyx cylin- drical (f.10. a.}, closely girding the ovarium, but probably distinct from it ; limb 5-parted (f. 10. a.), permanent. Petals 5-10 (f. 10. b.), unguiculate, the same shape, inserted in the calyx. Stamens indefinite (f. 10. c.), inserted with the petals, but shorter than them ; filaments free (f. 10. c.) ; outer ones sometimes sterile ; anthers oblong. Style filiform (f. 10. e.), marked with 3-7 spi- ral stripes (f. 10. e.). Capsule oblong, 1-celled, 3-7-valved ; placentas bearing 2 rows of seeds each. Seeds compres- sed.—Herbs downy from stiff and bearded hairs. Leaves alternate, interruptedly pinnatifid. Flowers large, terminal, solitary, white or yellow, expanding in the evening, becoming reddish as they fade. 1 B. orna‘ra (Nutt. gen. amer. 1, p. 297.) lobes of leaves acutish ; capsule surrounded by bracteas, 5-7-valved; seeds some- what emarginate. &.F. Native of Upper Louisiana, in argil- laceous soil, on the banks of the river Missouri. B. decapétala, Sims, bot. mag. 1487. Petals 10, white. Ornamental Bartonia. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1811. Pl. 1 to 2 ft. 2 B. nu'pa (Nutt. l. c.) lobes of leaves obtuse; capsule 3- valved, naked; seeds winged ; outer stamens petaloid, usually sterile. g.F. Native on the banks of the Missouri, on gra- velly hills. Petals 10. BARTONIA. Naked-fruited Bartonia. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1811. Pl.1 to 2 ft. FIG. 10. 3 B. txvicau’ Lis (Dougl. mss. ex Hook, fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 221. t. 69.) petals 5 ; petaloid stamens 5; bracteas wanting; stems H. Native of North America, on the gravelly islands and rocky shores of the Columbia, near the Great Falls. Flowers shining, yellow. An ornamental plant, not inferior to B. ornàta, but differs from it in the want of the large, jagged bracteas, as well as in its fewer petals and winged seeds, Smooth-stemmed Bartonia. Pl. 2 to 3 feet. 4 B. rarvirròra (Dougl. mss. ex Hook. fl. bor. amer, 1. p- 221.) petals 5; petaloid stamens 5-7; bracteas wanting ; stem scabrous; seeds winged. ¢.F. Native of North Ame- rica ; abundant in calcareous rocky situations, and micacious sandy banks of streams, in the interior parts of Columbia. Flowers smaller than those of the preceding species, but it is probably hardly more than a variety of that plant. It differs from B. nida, Nutt. in the number of the petals. The name would be more applicable to the following species. Small-flowered Bartonia. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 5 B. axzicav'tis (Dougl. mss. ex Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 222.) petals 5, obovate, small; petaloid stamens wanting ; brac- teas wanting ; stems short, shining, white. ©. H. Native of North America, on arid sandy plains of the river Colombia, under the shade of Púrshia tridentata. Mentzélia albicaúlis, Doug]. mss. Acrolasia bartonioldes, Presl. reliq. Heenk, 2. p. 39. t. 55. Petals yellow. White-stemmed Bartonia. Pl. decumbent. 6 B. axse’scens (Arnott, in Cheek, journ. 3. p. 273.) stem with a white shining epidermis ; leaves sinuately toothed ; cap- sule naked, 3-valved; seed broadly marginate; flowers dis- 62 LOASEE. posed in a leafy panicle. ¢.F. Native of Chili, in the Jarillal, or uncultivated grounds between Mendoza and the mountains ; getterally by the side of dry water courses, at about 3000 feet above the level of the sea. Sweet, fl. gard. new,ser. t. 182. B. sinuata, Presl. reliq. Hank. 2. p. 38. Petals 10, pale yel- low. Filaments all dilated. Stigmas 3-lobed. This species does not turn black on drying, as in the other species, and is readily distinguished from them by the beautiful white down on the stem. Hoary Bartonia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1831. Pl. 1 to 4 feet. Cult. The seeds of the species should be raised in a gentle heat in spring; and when the plants are of a proper size, they should be potted separately in small pots, and shifted from size to size of pots as they grow; the pots should be well drained with sherds ; and in the winter they should be placed on a dry shelf in a greenhouse or frame. The flowers are very showy, and the plants are therefore worth cultivating in every garden. II. BLUMENBA‘CHIA (in honour of John Freder. Blum- enbach, M.D. professor of medicine at Gottingen, chiefly dis- tinguished as a comparative anatomist). Schrad. in goett. anz. 1825. p. 1707. Comm. soc. goett. vol. 6. witha figure. D.C. prod. 3. p. 340. but not of Keel. Lin. syst. Polydélphia, Polydndria. Calyx 5-parted (f. 11. g.), with the tube adhering to the ovarium. Petals 5 (f. 11. b.), inserted in the top of the calycine tube, cucullate, equal, spreading. Scales 5 (f. 11. b.), alternating with the petals, and inserted with them, furnished with 3 sterile filaments at the back of each, and clasping 2 subulate appendages inside. Stamens indefinite, inserted in the top of the calycine tube (f. 11. b.), disposed in 5 bundles, one opposite each petal ; anthers 2-celled, bursting inwardly. Ovarium joined to the tube of the calyx. Style simple (f. 11. f.) Capsule marked with 10 spiral ribs, 1-celled, 10-valved; 5 of the valves thicker and broader than the other 5, with the placentas not reaching the axis; the other 5 narrower, with placentas almost reaching the axis (f.11.h.), and bearing the seeds. Seeds rugged.—Branched, climbing, or trailing herbs, covered with stinging hairs. Leaves opposite, lobed. Flowers axillary, solitary, bracteate. 1 B. insignis (Schrad. 1l. c.) lower leaves 7-5-lobed ; upper ones deeply bipinnatifid. ©. H. Native of Chili and Brazil, in the provinces of Cisplatine and Rio Grande do Sul, and about Monte Video; also of Buenos Ayres. Reich. icon. exot. t. 121. Sweet, fl. gard. t. 170. B. parviflora, Gill. mss. Loasa palmata, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 601. Trevir. in act. bot. 13. p. 181. t. 12. Loasa patula, Graham, in edinb. phil. journ. Oct. 1827. Flowers with whitish petals and reddish-yellow scales. Showy Blumenbachia, Fl. July, Nov. 2 B. parma‘ra (St. Hil. fi bras. 2. p. 208.) leaves deeply and palmately 3-5-lobed; lobes pinnatifid. ©. H. Native of Brazil, on the confines of the province of Rio Grande de St. Pedro do Sul. Flowers with white petals ; scales with ciliated edges, yellow at the base, lined with white, and red above it, tipped with vermilion colour. Palmate-\eaved Blumenbachia. EEr: 3 B. LATIFOLIA (St. Hil. fi. bras. 2. p. 209. t. 118.) leaves trifoliate; lateral segments 3- lobed, unequal-sided, terminal : one equal-sided, 3-5-lobed. ©. H. Native of Brazil, in the Cit: 1826. FIG. 11. Bis trs II. BruMENBACHIA. III. Loasa. province of St. Paul, between the towns of Rio Grande de St, Pedro do Sul and St. Francisco de Paulo. Flowers with white petals, and yellow scales tipped with orange colour. (f. 11.) Broad-leaved Blumenbachia. PI. tr. - 4 B. punicea ; plant very hispid; leaves opposite, pinnati- fid, having the segments jagged; calycine lobes jagged, shorter than the petals, which are cucullate; bundles of stamens poly- androus. ©. H. Native of Peru. Loàsa punicea, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 446. ined. (v. s. herb. Lamb.) Scarlet Blumenbachia. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. 5 B. PTEROSPE'RMA; hispid ; leaves opposite, pinnatifid, rather cordate at the base; segments toothed; peduncles long, 1- flowered, axillary ; calycine segments toothed, shorter than the petals, which are cucullate; bundles of stamens polyandrous; stem climbing ; seeds bordered by a wing. ©. H. Native of Peru. Loàsa pterospérma, Ruiz et Pav. fi. per. 5. t. 448. (v.s. herb. Lamb.) Winged-seeded Blumenbachia. PI. cl. 6 B. seria‘r1a; stem climbing; leaves opposite, pinnatifid, with the segments pinnatifid or coarsely toothed ; peduncles - long, axillary, 1-flowered; calycine segments jagged, linear, longer than the petals, which are cucullate; bundles of stamens polyandrous. ©. H. Native of Peru. Loàsa sepiaria, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 449. ined. Hedge Blumenbachia. PI. cl. 7 B. micra’nrna ; hispid; leaves opposite, ovate, serrated, petiolate; peduncles many-flowered, racemose, terminal, and rising from the forks of the stem; calycine lobes ovate, much shorter than the petals, which are cucullate, and holding 2 sta- mens each. ©. H. Native of Peru. Flowers very small. Loasa micrantha, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 442. Small-flowered Blumenbachia. PI. 1 foot. : 8 B. GRANDIFLORA ; leaves opposite, petiolate, oblong, runci- nate, acute, somewhat cordate at the base į; pedicels 1-flowered, rising from the forks of them; stem climbing. ©. H. Native of Peru. Loasa contérta, Lam. dict. 3. p. 579. D. C. prod. 5. p. 340. Juss. ann. mus. 5. p. 25. t. 3. f. 1. Loasa physiope- tala, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 447. ined. Flowers yellow. Great-flowered Blumenbachia. PI. cl. : Cult. Elegant annual plants, with very showy flowers ; their culture and propagation are the same as that recommended for the species of Loàsa, see p. 64. III. LOA‘SA (meaning unknown to us). Adan. fam. 2. p. 501. Jacq. obs. 2. p. 15. Schreb. gen. no. 908. Juss. gen. p. 322. ann. mus. 5. p. 24. Lam. ill. t. 426. D. C. prod. 3 p. 340.—Ortiga, Feuill. per. 2. p. 757. Neck. elem. no. 1221. Loòsa, Lin. prel. ed. gis. p. 334. ý Lin. syst. Polydélphia, Polyándria. Calyx 5-cleft, with the tube adhering to the ovarium (f. 12. a.). Petals 5 (f. 12. b.) cucullate, equal, spreading, inserted in the top of the tube; scales 5, inserted with the petals, furnished with 3 sterile fila- ments on the back of each, and girding 2 subulate appendages inside. Stamens indefinite, inserted in the top of the calycine tube, disposed in 5 bundles (f. 12. b.), opposite the petals; anthers 2-celled, bursting inwardly. Ovarium joined to the calyx. Capsule crowned by the lobes of the calyx (f. 12. a.) 8-valved at the top, 1-celled ; placentas linear, alternating with the valves. Seeds rugged.—Branched, decumbent, or climbing herbs, beset with stinging hairs. Leaves alternate, or opposites toothed or lobed. Flowers axillary, extra-axillary, or opposite the leaves, solitary or racemose. * Leaves opposite, 1 L. rritopa (Juss. ann. mus. 5. p, 24. t. 1. f. 3.) leaves cordate at the base, usually 3-lobed : lobes acute, toothed middle lobe usually somewhat 3-lobed ; pedicels axillary ; caly- LOASEZ. cine lobes small, acute. ©. H. Native of Peru and Chili, about Valparaiso. Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 444. ined. Scales petaloid, equally and bluntly 3-lobed. Flowers small. Three-lobed-leaved Loasa. PI. 1 foot. 2 L. AcERIFÒLIA (Juss. l. c. p. 24. t. 1. f. 2.) leaves nearly opposite, cordate at the base, 5-7-lobed; lobes acute, toothed; pedicels shorter than the floral leaves ; ‘calycine lobes oblong, acuminated. ©? H. Native of Chili and Peru. Loasa viti- folia, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 443. ined. L. tricolor, Ker. bot. reg. 667. Scales:as in Z. triloba, but the calycine lobes are twice the length. Flowers with yellow petals and red scales. Maple-leaved Loasa, PI. tr. 3 L. BRYONIÆFÒLIA (Schrad. cat. hort. gætt. 1823. pl. rar. hort. goett. with a figure) leaves cordate, lower ones 5-lobed, stalked, upper ones 3-lobed, almost sessile; all the lobes are sinuately lobed; pedicels exceeding the floral leaves; lobes of calyx a little toothed, acuminated. ©. H. Native of Chili. Stem erect, bristly. Flowers yellow, hardly smaller than those of L. acerifolia. Stigma blunt. Seeds without aril; hylum lateral. Bryony-leaved Loasa. PI. 1 foot. 4 L. nrripa (Lam. dict. 3. p. 581.) leaves cordate at the base, many-lobed ; lobes acute, toothed, lower ones usually pinna- tifid ; pedicels axillary ; calycine lobes oblong, toothed, shorter than the petals; wings of the corona very small, toothed, and stalked ; stamens much shorter than the petals ; style straight, shorter than the stamens; sepals erect, much shorter than the pear-shaped fruit. ©. H. Native of Chili and Peru, on the mountains. Juss. ann. mus. 5. p. 25. t. 2 f. 2. Trat. tabl. 1. t. 23. Hook. exot. fl. t. 83. bot. mag. 2372. Ruiz et Pav. fl, per. 5. t. 445. Petals spreadingly reflexed, yellow, red at the base; scales red. Lobes of leaves bluntish. Stems prostrate. Var. B; leaves more deeply lobed; lobes narrower.—Chili, about Valparaiso. L. tricolor, Lindl. bot. reg. 667. Shining Loasa. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1822. Pl. tr. 5 L. sacrrra`ra (Hook. et Arn. in bot. mise. 3. p. 238.) stems twining, pubescent ; leaves all petiolate, opposite, cordately- Sagittate, acuminated, with rather lobed margins: the lobes crenated ; peduncles axillary and terminal, few-flowered ; caly- cine lobes ovate-oblong. ©. ©. H. Native of Chiloe. There has none of the stinging hairs, so peculiar to this genus, been observed on this species. Sagittate-leaved Loasa. Pl. tw. 6 L. evonea‘ra (Hook. et Arn. in bot. mise. 3. p. 239.) stems much elongated, nearly simple, shining; leaves remote, oppo- Site, petiolate, cordate at the base, 5-7-lobed ; peduncles axil- lary, few-flowered, twice the length of the leaves; calycine lobes broadly ovate, shorter than the petals, which are red; fruit hemispherical. ©. H. Native of Chili, about Coquimbo. Elongated-stemmed Loasa. PI. 2 to 3 feet. T L. prosrra’ra (Gill. mss. ex Arnott, in Cheek, edinb. journ. 3. p. 274.) stems prostrate, flexuous ; leaves opposite, sessile, cordate, ovate, deeply angular ; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, about twice the length of the leaves; calycine lobes lanceolate, longer than the fruit, and about equal in length to the petals ; valves of capsule closely beset by long, rigid hairs ; seeds egg- shaped, large, with a smooth testa. ©. H. Native of Chili, on La Cuesta de los Manantiales, Cerro de San Pedro Nolasco, &c. Plant covered with long, rigid, stinging hairs. Var. B, Cumingii (Hook. et Arnott, in bot. mise. 3. p- 239.) Segments of leaves bipinnatifidly and sinuately toothed. About alparaiso, and on the mountains near Aconcugua. In the spe- cies the segments of the leaves are simply and sinuately toothed. Prostrate Loasa. Pl. prostrate. f 8 L. rs’rrpa (Gill. mss. ex Arn. in Cheek, edinb. journ. 3. p. III. Loasa. 63 274.) epidermis of stem loose, and shining ; leaves opposite, all pe- tiolate, ovate, coarsely toothed ; panicles opposite, axillary, much longer than the leaves; pedicels short, in the forks, about equal in length to the flowers ; calycine lobes linear-oblong, one half shorter than the petals. ©. H. Native of Chili, among loose debris, on the banks of the El Rio del Yeso, near Arroyo de San Nicholas, at the elevation of about 5000 feet, &c., where it is called by the inhabitants Cavalluna. The plant is most nearly allied to L. sclareefolia, Juss. but that does not appear to have the loose epidermis on the stem, and the leaves are much larger. The pedicels in the forks of the panicle are elongated. Pale Loasa. Pl, prostrate. 9 L. taterirra (Gill. mss. ex Arnott, in Cheek, edin. journ. 3. p. 275.) stems almost wanting ; leaves opposite, on long pe- tioles, pinnate ; segments roundish, crenated, lobed ; peduncles twin, l-flowered, terminal, about equal in length to the leaves ; calycine lobes oval, exceeding the tube, but one half shorter than the corolla. ©. H. Native of Chili, at Los Imposibles, near the foot of the descent from the Planchon towards Chili, and in El Valle de Tray Carlos, at the base of the volcano of Pateroa, at an elevation of 9000 feet. This species is readily distin- guished by its large flowers of a brick red colour, and by its very short stems and radical branches, each of which bear 1 or 2 pairs of opposite leaves, and between the upper pair of which arise 2 1-flowered peduncles, terminating the branch. Seeds with a strongly reticulated testa like the next species ; and as in it the hairs are short and not stinging. Brick-coloured-flowered Loasa. PI. prostrate. 10 L. pinnatiripa (Gill. mss. ex Arnott in Cheek, edinb. journ. 3. p. 275.) stems nearly erect ; leaves opposite, on long petioles: radical and lower ones pinnate : segments pinnatifid, with round- ish approximate lobes; upper leaves pinnatifid ; peduncles axil- lary, usually 1-flowered ; calycine lobes ovate, much shorter than the corolla, and half the length of the fruit. ©.H. Native of Chili, at La Cuesta del Inga, at an elevation of about 9000 feet. Plant with short rigid, but not stinging hairs. Pinnatifid-leaved Loasa. Pl. 1 foot. 11 L. pisse’cra (Hook. et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 240.) stem erectish, strong, a little branched at the apex, with a loose white epidermis; petioles opposite, lower ones elongated, becoming gradually shorter to the top of the stem; leaves tripinnatifid, with the ultimate segments ovate-obtuse ; pedicels short, rising from the forks of the stem; calycine lobes narrow-oblong, not half so long as the petals. ©. H. Native about Valparaiso, Los Ogos de Agua, and Aconcugua. Dissected-leaved Loasa. PI. 1 foot. 12 L. HETEROPHY' LLA (Hook. et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 228.) stem prostrate, dichotomous ; leaves opposite, on short petioles ; lower ones small, hastately triangular, coarsely toothed : lower floral ones nearly reniform, 5-lobed, with the lobes nearly equal, and furnished with 1 or 2 teeth each; but the middle lobe of the uppermost leaves is rather lengthened; peduncles in the forks longer than the leaves ; calycine lobes oblong-lanceolate, about equal in length to the petals; fruit conically hemispherical. ©. H. Native about Valparaiso? and at Los Ogos de Agua. The stem is rarely pubescent; but the branches, particularly in their upper part, and the turbinate tube of the calyx, are provided with long sharp spreading hairs. Variable-leaved Loasa. Pl. prostrate. 13 L. acanturroria (Lam. dict. 3. p. 579.) leaves cordate at the base, pinnatifid; lobes acuminated, sinuately toothed ; pe- dicels axillary, and also from the forks, solitary, 1-flowered ; lobes of calyx narrow, acuminated, reflexed, equal in length to the petals, which are bidentate. ©. H. Native of Chili. Juss. ann. mus. 5. p. 25. t. 3. f. 2. L. nitida, bot. mag. 2372? L. cymbæpétala, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 442. b. ined. Ortiga 8 64 ? Chilénsis, Feuill. obs. 2. p. 757. t. 43. Petals yellow. Scales red. Herb erect, 4 feet high. The leaves are often alternate. Acanthus-leaved Loasa. Pl. 4 to 5 feet. 14 L. Ruizrana ; leaves opposite, ovate, coarsely serrated, hoary from down, petiolate ; peduncles axillary and terminal, 1- flowered ; calycine segments acute, much shorter than the petals, which are cucullate. ©. H. Native of Peru. L. incana, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. vol. 5. t. 441. ined. (v. s. herb. Lamb.) Ruiz’s Loasa. Pl. 1 foot. 15 L. scrarrmroria (Juss. l. c. 5. p. 25. t. 1. f. 1.) leaves ovate-oblong, sinuately lobed; lobes acute, toothed ; upper leaves sessile; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered in the forks of the stem ; calycine lobes oblong, acuminated, shorter than the pe- tals. ©.H. Native of Chili, where it is called Urtica brava, Tratt. t. 22. Scales emarginate at the apex. Sclary-leoved Loasa. Pl. tr. 16 L. Pra‘cer (Lindl. in hort. trans. 6. p. 97.) leaves cordate at the base, many lobed: upper ones sessile ; pedicels axillary ; sepals hardly toothed, reflexed, length of petals ; the wings of the corona sessile, and quite entire; the longest of the stamens as long as the petals; style bent, longer than the stamens ; capsule obovate, shorter than the reflexed sepals. ©.H. Native of Chili. L. acanthifolia, Ker, bot. reg. t. 785. but not of Juss. Flowers yellow, with red scales. Place’s Loasa. F]. June, Sept. Clt. 1822. Pl. 4 to 6 feet. 17 L. cranpiriora (Lam. dict. 3. p. 580.) lower leaves oppo- site; upper ones alternate, cordate at the base, 5-lobed ; lobes deeply toothed ; flowers axillary and terminal, on long pedicels ; lobes of calyx acuminated, shorter than the petals rO Els oNa= tive of Peru. Juss. ann. mus. 5. p. 26. t. 4. f. 2. Tratt. tab. t. 29. Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 440. Lower leaves on long, and upper on short petioles. Flowers yellow. Scales oblong, 2- lobed, not appendiculate on the outside. Great-flowered Loasa. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1825. Pl. 2 to 3 ft. 18 L. rrorisu’npa (Hook. et Arn. in bot. mise. 3. P- 239.) root simple, fusiform ; stem short, with a loose epidermis, simple beneath the inflorescence, but much branched and panicled above; leaves oval-oblong, petiolate: cauline ones opposite, sinuately lobed, coarsely toothed, cordate at the base: lower floral ones alternate, sinuately lobed : upper floral ones smaller, cuneated at the base, toothed or quite entire; pedicels short, rising from the forks of the stems ; calycine lobes elliptic, acute, attenuated at the base, shorter than the apiculated petals; scales furnished with 3 appendages each on the back above the middle. ©. H. Native about Valparaiso, and on the Cordillera of Chili. Bundle-flowered Loasa. PI. 1 foot. *#* Leaves alternate. LOASE#, 19 L. Loxr’ysis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 116.) leaves alternate, and nearly opposite, ovate-oblong, 3-5-lobed ; lobes irregularly toothed ; middle lobe very large; flowers ter- minal and axillary, somewhat racemose ; lobes of calyx ovate, acuminated, 3-nerved. h. S. Native of Peru, near Loxa. Leaves white beneath. Flowers yellow. Scales rounded at the apex, drawn out into a lobe at both ends. Herb suffruticose branched. Loxa Loasa. Shrub. 20 L. arcEmonoipes (Juss. ann. mus. 5. p- 26.) leaves cor- date, sinuately lobed, tomentose on both surfaces, white beneath ; flowers terminal and axillary, pedicellate ; lobes of calyx lanceo- late, one-half shorter than the petals. X.S. Native of South America, near Santa Fe de Bogota. Humb. et Bonpl. pl. equin. 1. p. 53. t.15. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 26. Tratt. tab. t. 30. Flowers nearly 3 inches in diameter. Scales bifid, furnished with 2 acute lobes, which are gibbous at the base. Argemone-like Loasa. Pl. 6 to 10 feet. III. Loasa. 21 L. raxnuNcuLIròLIA (Humb. et Bonpl. pl. equin. 1. p. 50, t. 14.) leaves all alternate, somewhat orbicular, cordate, toothed, clothed with yellowish tomentum above, and silky white tomen- tum beneath; flowers terminal and axillary, somewhat race- mose ; lobes of calyx ovate-lanceolate, acute. 4. S. Native of Peru, on the Andes near Caxamarca. H. B. et Kunth, nov, gen. amer. 6. p. 117. Tratt. tab. t. 27. Flowers large, yellow, Scales bifid, bigibbous at the base. Crow-foot-leaved Loasa. Pl. 2 feet. - 22 L. inca‘na (Graham in edinb. phil. journ. Oct. 1830.) plant suffruticose, reddish, erectish; leaves scattered, petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, hoary, deeply serrated, scabrous ; peduncles 1-flowered, opposite the leaves. h.G. Native of Peru, from Yazo to the valley of Canta. Corolla white. Whole plant covered densely with harsh barbed white hairs, intermixed by a few stinging ones. Cuticle papery, and pealing off. Hoary Loasa. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1830. Pl. 2 feet. ; 23 L. XantunròLa (Juss. l. c. t. 2. f. 1.) leaves petiolate, cordate, oblong, acute, coarsely toothed ; pedicels extra-axillary ; lobes of calyx oblong, hardly acute. ©. H. Native of Peru. Flowers small, yellow. Stems a foot and halfhigh. Trat. tab. t.26. Xanthium-leaved Loasa. Pl. 14 foot. : 24 L. cuenoropiréria (Lam. dict. 3. p. 550.) leaves petiolate, somewhat ovate, deeply toothed ; racemes loose, leafy, terminal; flowers drooping. ©. H. Native of Peru. Perhaps a mere variety of the preceding, according to Juss. ann. mus. 5. p. 26. Goosefoot-leaved Loasa. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 25 L. parvirzora (Schrad. pl. rar. bras. ined. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 342.) leaves on long petioles, ovate-cordate, sinuately 3-7- | lobed, hairy ; flowers racemose ; racemes extra axillary, few- — flowered, shorter than the leaves ; lobes of calyx acutish. ©. H. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of the Mines. Peduncles and calyxes bristly. Flowers with white petals and brown scales. Bristles or sterile stamens at back of scales white. Small-flowered Loasa. PI. trailing. 5 a 26 L. a’spera (Ruiz et Pay. fl. per. 5. t. 441. b.) hispid; leaves alternate, angularly lobed, and coarsely toothed ; pedun- cles solitary, lateral ; calyx long, very hispid ; calycine segments ovate, longer than the petals. ©.H. Native of Peru. Rough Loasa. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. 27 L. amprostzrén1a (Juss. l. c. t. 4. f. 1.) leaves petiolate, bipinnatifid; lobes and lobules bluntish; pedicels extra-axil- lary ; lobes of calyx lanceolate- linear, acute, shorter than the petals. ©. H. Native of Peru. Stem a foot high, hardly branch- ed. Herb beset with yellowish prickles. Flowers yellow, an inch in diameter. Tratt. tab. t. 31. Scales bifid, not appendi- culate on the outside. Var. B, hispida (D. C. prod. 3. p. 342.) lobes of leaves very numerous, broader and more crowded. Loàsa ùrens, Jacq. ous. 2. p. 15. t. 33. Lam. dict. 3. p. 578. Tratt. tab. t. 32 L. hispida, Lin. syst. ed. 12. p. 364. L. bipinnatífida, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 439. ined. Ambrosia-leaved Loasa. P]. 1 foot. 28 L. vorv'sinis (Juss, l.c. t. 5. f. 1.) leaves alternate and opposite, bipinnatifid; lobes linear, obtuse; flowers termin and axillary, pedicellate; lobes of calyx a little toothed, one | half shorter than the petals; stem twining. ©. H. Native o Chili, near Conception, in sandy places; and of Peru. Tratt, tab’ LOASEZ. III. Loasa. t. 34. L. multifida, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 443. b. Scales 2-lobed. Flowers small, yellow. Tnining Loasa. PI. tw. : 29 L. rripny’t1a (Juss. l. c. p. 27. t. 5. f. 2.) leaves for the most part cut into 3 stalked, oblong, toothed segments: a few tripartite ; pedicels extra-axillary ; calycine lobes elliptic-oblong. ©.H. Native of Peru, on the Andes, in the high plains. Tratt. tab. 1. t. 21. H.B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 118. Stems ascending. Three-leaved Loasa. PI. ascending, 1 foot. 30 L. papavertrouia (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 118.) leaves trifoliate; segments or leaflets stalkedg oblong, toothed: middle leaflet large, pinnatifid; flowers opposite the leaves, disposed in something like racemes ; iobes of calyx ellip- tic, 3-nerved. ©. H. Native of the Andes, about Quindiu. Stem simple, ascending. Flowers white. There is a figure in the Flora Mexicana which agrees with this plant, except that the petals are drawn bifid at the apex. “Poppy-leaved Loasa. PI. 1 foot. Cult. All the species of Loàsa bear such beautiful flowers, that they are all worth cultivating for ornament, but they are so full of stings that it is impossible to handle them. The seeds of the annual species should be sown early in spring in the open ground, and the plants so raised will flower and pro- duce seed the same season; or the seeds may be sown in pots, and reared in a hot-bed, and the plants may afterwards be planted out in the open border, in any convenient situation. Ail the species require a rich light soil and a warm situation. Some of the species are said to be perennial; we suppose all would be so if they were protected from frost. IV. CAIO'PHORA (meaning not explained). Presl. in reliq. Henk. 2. p. 43. Lin. syst. Polydélphia, Polydndria. Calyx 5-parted; seg- ments jagged. Petals 5, unguiculate, concave. Scales 5, peta- loid, emarginate, or 4-toothed at the apex, each furnished with 4 sterile filaments inside. Stamens numerous, disposed in 5 bundles. Style trigonal, permanent; stigmas 3, conniving. Capsule ovate-oblong, with elevated spiral ribs, crowned by the reflexed calyx, 1-celled, many-seeded, opening at 3 of the su- tures. Placentas marginal in the valves, but at length distinct from them. Seeds angular, echinated by bristles or reticulated. —Usually climbing plants, with the habit of Lodsa, beset with stinging hairs. Peduncles 1-flowered. Flowers yellow. This genus differs from Lodsa and Blumenbachia in the dehiscence of the capsule, in the scales being furnished with 4 sterile filaments instead of 3, and in many other points. There are several plants how referred to the genus Blumenbachia which belong to this ge- nus; viz. B. grandiflora, which is Caiéphora contorta, Presl, reliq. Henk. 2. p. 42. and B. punicea, which is evidently the Caiéphora circiifdlia, Presl. l. c. t. 54. and carduifdlia, Presl. 1. c., p. 42. 1 C. corona'ta (Hook. et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 238.) stems short; leaves opposite, petiolate, pinnate; segments bi- pinnatifid : lobules denticulated ; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, elongated ; calycine lobes pinnatifid, with linear segments, longer than the ovarium. ©. H. Native of Chili, on both sides of the Cordillera of the Andes, between Mendoza and Chili, at an elevation of 8500 to 11,000 feet. The furrows of the fruit arë nearly straight, or hardly spiral, so that this species partakes in some degree of the characters of Loàsa. Loàsa coronàta, Gill. mss. ex Arnott, in Cheek, in edinb. journ. 3. p. 274. C. ab- sinthæfòlia, Presl. in reliq. Hank. 2. p. 43. Crowned Caiophora. PI. prostrate, rising 1 to 2 feet. Cult. See Loàsa for culture and propagation. V. SCYPHA’NTHUS (oxvpoc, scyphos, a cup, and arboç, VOL, Ill. IV. Catopnora. V. Scypnantnus. VI. Menrzetta. 65 anthos, a flower; in reference to the form of the flower). Sweet, fl. gard. t. 238. Lin. syst. parted, permanent, equal. Polyadélphia, Polyéndria. Calyx deeply 5- Petals 5, ınserted in the base of the calyx, on very short claws, concave, equal. Scales inserted with the petals, peltate at the apex, lobed, 3-horned. Stamens nu- merous, perigynous, the 10 exterior ones destitute of anthers ; and these are placed by twos opposite the scales, and are longer than the rest, which are disposed in 5 fascicles opposite the petals; anthers 2-celled, erect. Ovarium prismatic, silique- formed ; style one, erect, trigonal. Capsule prismatic, silique- formed, crowned by the tube of the calyx, 3-valved at the apex ; seeds oval, wrinkled.—A twining herb, having its branches beset with retrograde strige. Leaves opposite, pinnatifid ; superior ones. bipinnatifid, hispid from hairs. Flowers sessile, erect, solitary, yellow. 1S. x’tecans (Sweet, l. c.). ©. H. Native of Chili. Stem dichotomous. Segments of leaves obtuse, ciliated. Gram- matocarpus volibilis, Presl. symb. bot. 1. p. 61. t. 38. Elegant Scyphanthus. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt.1824. Pl. cl. Cult. An elegant plant. For its culture and propagation, see Lodsa. VI. MENTZELIA (in honour of Christian Mentzelius ; physician to the Elector of Brandenburgh; published Centuria Plantarum Circa Gedanum, 4to. 1650. and Index nominum Plan- tarum Multilinguis, fol. 1682. 1696. and 1715.). Plum. nov. gen. 40. t. 6. Lin. gen. no. 670. Juss. ann. mus. 5. p. 24. Lam. ill. t. 425. H.B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 119. D. C. prod. 3. p. 343.—Onagre spec. Tour. i Lin. syst. Jcosándria, Monogynia. Calyx permanent, with a cylindrical, somewhat 5-furrowed tube, and 5 lanceolate or subulate, equal lobes (f. 13. d.). Petals 5 (f. 10. a.), equal, inserted in the upper part of the tube of the calyx. Stamens indefinite (f. 13. e.), multiple the number of the petals, and inserted with them; filaments free, usually disposed in 5 bun- dles ; anthers erect, ovate, bilocular. Ovarium adnate to the calycine tube. Styles 3, connected to the middle or to the top, marked by 3 corresponding stripes. Capsule turbinately cylin- drical, crowned by the calycine lobes (f. 13. f.), 1-celled, 3- valved at the apex. Seeds 3-6-9, or irregular in number in con- sequence of abortion, inserted in 3 parietal placentas.— Erect, branched, dichotomous herbs, rough from bearded or glochidate stiff hairs. Leaves alternate, or nearly opposite, coarsely toothed. Flowers of a deep orange colour, solitary, almost sessile in the forks of the stem, or pseudo-axillary from one of the branches being abortive, expanding in the height of the sun. * Stamens 20-25, all nearly equal. Seeds 3-6. Flowers smaller. 1 M. a’spera (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 516.) petals roundish-oval, obtuse, hardly longer than the calycine limb, but much exceed- ing the stamens. ©. F. Native of the Antilles (Plum. ed. Burm. t. 174. f. 1.); Jamaica (P. Browne, jam. p. 249.); St. Domingo (Bertero). Seeds 5; parietal smooth, compressed. Hairs on plant glochidate at the apex. Rough Mentzelia. Fl. July, Aug. CH T733: PE Tte 2 M. oricosrpe'rma (Nutt. in Sims, bot. mag. t. 1760.) petals oval, acuminated, longer than the calyx, but very little longer than the stamens. %. G. Native of Louisiana, on the banks of the river Missouri, among rocks. M. atirea, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 300. Root tuberous, succulent. Seeds 3, smooth, linear- oblong. Hairs on plant bearded their whole length. Fen-seeded Mentzelia. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1812. Pl. 1 to 2 ft. * * Stamens 30-100, the 10 exterior ones the longest. Seeds 6-9. Flowers larger than those of the last section. 3 M. uisriva (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1176.) petals obovate, mu- K 66 LOASEÆ. VI. Menrzetia. cronately acuminated, longer than the calyx; stamens 30-35; leaves and flowers nearly sessile. %. G.” Native of Mexico. Juss. ann. mus. 5. p. 24. M. aspera, Cav. icon. 1. p. 51. t. 70. exclusive of the synonyms. Flowers 15 lines in diameter. Seeds 6, ovate, compressed. Root violently purgative, and is used in the cure of syphilis. The Mexican name of the plant is Zazale. Hispid Mentzelia. FI. June, July. Clt. 1820. Pl. 3 feet. 4 M. srricdsa (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 120.) petals obovate, mucro- nately cuspidate, 2 or 3 times longer than the calyx ; stamens about 50; leaves and flowers almost sessile; hairs on the branches retrograde. YJ. G. Native of Mexico, near Rio Sar- co. Filaments of outer stamens dilated at the apex. Ovula 10. Strigose Mentzelia. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. 5 M. sca‘sra (H. B. et Kunth, l. c.) petals obovate, acute, a little longer than the calyx ; stamens 100-110; flowers sessile in the forks of the stems; leaves petiolate. 2.G. Native of New Granada, on the Andes about Pasto. Seeds scabrous, 6-9. Scabrous-seeded Mentzelia. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. 6 M. cranprrLora (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 441. ined.) petals obovate, pointed, much longer than the calyx ; calycine lobes ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, reflexed when the flowers are open; stamens numerous, from 30-40, unequal, outer ones the longest; leaves alternate, ovate, coarsely toothed, on short petioles. %4. G. Native of Peru. Great-flowered Mentzelia. Pl. 2 to 3 feet. 7 M. nirta (Pav. in herb. Lamb.) calyx covered with long hairs; calycine segments lanceolate, much shorter than the petals ; stamens numerous; leaves cordate, lobed, obtuse, alter- nate, clothed with soft pubescence; peduncles many-flowered. %.G. Native of Mexico. (v. s. in herb. Lamb.) Hairy Mentzelia. Pl. 1 foot. 8 M. stiprra‘ta (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 343.) petals oval, mucronately cuspidate, much longer than the calyx ; stamens 30-40 ; flowers and leaves stipi- tate. 4%. G. Native of Mexico. Presl. in Hank. reliq. 2. p. 40. Branches, pedicels, and ovaries scabrous from hairs. Leaves ovate, acuminated, 3-lobed, doubly toothed. Flowers lateral and terminal, solitary. Stipitate-flowered Mentzelia. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. Cult. The species grow well in any light rich soil; and cut- tings will root readily in sand, under a hand-glass. They are also easily reared from seeds, which ripen in this country. FIG. 13. VII. KLAPRO‘THIA (in honour of Martin Henry Klap- roth, of Berlin, a celebrated chemist, and great friend of Hum- boldt). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 121. t. 537. D. C. prod. 3. p. 343. Lin. syst. IJcosdndria, Monogynia. Calyx permanent, with a turbinate tube and a 4-parted limb; lobes ovate, equal. Pe- tals 4, on very short claws. Stamens numerous, especially 4-5 fertile ones in front of each petal; these are longer than the others, and 4-5 sterile ones in front of each sepal ; these are pilose, and somewhat dilated at the apex into a 2-lobed membrane. Styles 4, connected together almost to the apex in one. Ovarium 1- celled, 8-nerved inside, and 4-ovulate; ovula pendulous, fixed to the nerves opposite the sepals. Fruit baccate. Herb twin- ing ; branches scabrous from retrograde hairs. Leaves oppo- 8 VII. KLAPROTHIA. TURNERACE. site, sharply toothed, stalked. Peduncles cymosely corymbose at the tops of the branches. Flowers white. i 1 K. Menrzerioìrs (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) ©.H. Native of the Andes, about Quindiu, near the volcanos. Mentzelia-like Klaprothia. Pl. tw. Cult. For culture and propagation see Loàsa, p. 65. Orver CVIII. TURNERA‘CE (plants agreeing with Turnéra in important characters). H.B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 123. D. C. prod. 3. p. 345. Calyx free, usually coloured more or less, profoundly 5-cleft (f. 14. a.), deciduous; lobes equal, imbricate in estivation, Petals 5, equal (f. 14. b.), inserted into the upper part of the tube of the calyx, and alternating with its lobes, narrow at the base, twisted in zstivation. Stamens 5, inserted in the upper part of the tube of the calyx below the petals, and alternating with them; filaments free, flat; anthers oblong, erect, 2-celled (f. 14. c.) Ovarium free, 1-celled (f. 14. d.), many-ovulate. Ovula ascending (f. 14. f.), fixed to 3 linear parietal placentas, Styles 3 (f. 14. e.) or 6, usually more or less deeply bifid, and cleft into many stigmas at the apex (f. 14. e.). Capsule 3- valved, l-celled (f. 14. f.); valves bearing the seeds in their middle, along a longitudinal placenta, opening from the apex as far as the middle. Seeds subcylindrical, carved, crustaceous, reticulated, furnished with a thin, membranous arillus on one side. Hilum situated at the base of the seed. Embryo in the centre of a fleshy albumen, somewhat incurved, spatulate, with the radicle turned towards the hilum, and with plano-subconvex cotyledons.—Shrubs, subshrubs, and herbaceous plants, with a simple pubescence. Leaves alternate or scattered, simple, ex- stipulate, with occasionally 2 glands at the apex of the petioles, toothed, rarely pinnatifid. Flowers axillary, sessile, or pe dunculate; the peduncles either distinct or connected with the petioles, simple and 1-flowered qr branched and many- flowered, articulated in the middle or furnished with 2 small bracteoles. Petals yellow or yellowish, rarely blue. This order is placed by De Candolle between Lodse@ and Fouque- ràceæ, chiefly it would seem on account of its manifest relation to the former, and its perigynous stamens. With Malvàceæ It agrees in the twisted æstivation of the corolla and habit. With Loàseæ and Passifldreee, they have also much in common. In the structure of the fruit it agrees with Violarite and Cistine@, but differs in the petals and stamens ‘being inserted into the calyx, and the circumstance of their certain relationship t0 Cistinee gives great weight to the ingenious approximation, by M. Du Petit Thours, of Passifloree to Violarite. The Be sence of glands upon the ends of the petioles of Turnerace@ 18 a confirmation of their affinity to the former. It is distinguished from Loàseæ by the fruit being superior and 1-celled, with par rietal placentas, and by the definite stamens; the former cha- racter is, however, weakened by the nearly superior fruit of some Lodsee. Synopsis of the Genera. 1 Turne'Ra. Styles 3 (f. 14. e.), simple, divided at the apex into multifid stigmas (f. 14. e.). Capsule opening from the top to the middle. TURNERACEZ. 2 Periaue'ra. Styles 3, deeply 2-parted, crowned by 2 mul- tifid stigmas each. Capsule opening from the top to the base. I. TURNE‘RA (so named by Linneus in memory of William Turner, M.D., Prebendary of York, Canon of Windsor, and Dean of Wells ; student of Pembroke Hall in Cambridge, 1538 ; died 1568. Author of a New Herbal, London, 1551. fol. Se- cond part, Cologn, 1562. Second edition, Collen, 1566, with the addition of a third part, &c.). Plum. gen. p. 15.t.12. Lin. gen. 376. Juss. gen. 313. Geertn. fruct. 1. p. 366.t. 76. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p.123. St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 212. —Turnéra, sect. 1. Lam. ill. t. 212. dict. 8. p. 141. Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Trigynia. Calyx tubularly funnel- shaped (f. 14. a.). Styles 3 (f. 14. e.), simple, cleft at the apex into multifid stigmas (f. 14. e.). Capsule opening from the apex to the middle. § 1. Peduncles joined with the petioles, bibracteate. * Leaves biglandular at the base. 1 T. utmiroria (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 965.) leaves oblong, acute, serrated, pubescent above, but clothed with white tomen- tum beneath, and biglandular at the base; flowers almost ses- sile ; styles shorter than the stamens. &. S. Native of South America every where ; common in Brazil. Lin. hort. cliff. 122. t. 10.—Sloan. hist. 1. t. 127. f. 4-5.—Mill. fig. t. 268. f. 2. Flowers yellow, about the size of those of Linum trigynum. Var. B, angustifolia (D. C. prod. 3. p. 346.) leaves oblong- lanceolate. h.S. Native along with the species. T. angus- tifdlia, Curt. bot. mag. t- 281. Link. enum. 1. p. 293. T. ulmifolia 6, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1503. Elm-leaved Turnera. FI. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1733. Sh. 2 to 4 ft. 2 T. cunzirérmis (Juss. in Poir. dict. 8. p. 142.) leaves cu- neiformly obovate, coarsely serrated, pubescent above, but clothed with white tomentum beneath, and biglandular at the base ; flowers nearly sessile. h. S. Native of Brazil, about Rio Janeiro. Spreng. nov. prov. 42. St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 213. Otto, in hort. berol. 36. T. obtusifdlia, Smith, in Rees’ cycl. vol. 36. no. 3. Petals yellow, with the claws brownish. Cap- sule globose. Var. 3; leaves and branches closely clothed with tomentum ; stem dwarf. T. odorata, Vahl. in herb. Juss. Wedge-formed-leaved Turnera. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1821. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 3 T. rrioniridra (Sims, bog. t. 2106.) leaves oblong-lanceo- late, coarsely serrated, cuneated at the base, and quite entire, pubescent ; flowers sessile ; styles exceeding the stamens. R. S. Native of Brazil, island of Trinidad, and Mexico. T. élegans, Otto, l. c. Link, enum. 1. p. 293. Petals pale yellow, or sul- phur-coloured, with purplish-brown claws. Bracteoles subu- late. Flowers as large as those of Bladder-ketmia. Ketmia-flowered Turnera. Fl. year. Clt. 1812. Pl. 1to2 ft. 4 T. ramurétra (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 213.) leaves roundish- obovate, unequally crenate-toothed, clothed with soft hairs above and woolly tomentum beneath, biglandular at the base ; flowers on short peduncles; styles a little shorter than the Stamens. h.S. Native of Brazil, in the southern part of the Province of Goyaz. Petals yellow, rather truncate at the apex. Dead-nettle-leaved Turnera. Shrub 1 foot. 5 T. LANCEOLA`TA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p: 214.) leaves linear- lanceolate, acute, nearly entire, hairy, biglandular at the base beneath ; flowers almost sessile. h. S. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of Goyaz and Minas Geraes. Petals obovate- oblong, yellow. Styles exceeding the stamens a little. Lanceolate-leaved Turnera. Shrub 4 foot. 6 T. optonerréria (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 215.) leaves ob- long, acute, obsoletely and dentately serrated, beset with rufes- I. Turnera. 67 cent hairs, biglandular at the base beneath; flowers almost ses- sile; styles a little longer than the stamens. h.S. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of Minas Geraes and St. Paul, in grassy pastures and fields. Petals oblong, obovate, yellow. Oblong-leaved Turnera. Shrub 4 to 1 foot. 7 T. cærv'rea (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 346.) leaves oblong, coarsely serrated, but quite entire at the base, and hardly attenuated, clothed with adpressed villi beneath, biglandular at the top of the petiole; flowers sessile ; styles longer than the stamens. Y%. S. Native of Mexico. This species is very like T. trioniflora, but differs in the leaves being on shorter petioles, and in being hardly attenuated at the base, as well as in the hairs on the lower surface of the leaves being adpressed. Bulb subfuscous. Flowers blue. Blue-flowered Turnera. PI. 4 to 1 foot. 8 T. susuta‘ra (Smith, in Rees’ cycl. vol. 36. no. 2.) leaves ovate, acute, serrated, clothed with white soft hairs; bracteoles linear-subulate ; flowers sessile. 2. S. Native of New Gra- nada. Capsule pilose. Glands of leaves broad. Subulate-bractead Turnera. PI. 1 foot. 9 T. acu‘ra (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 940.) leaves lanceolate, acu- minated at both ends, crenately serrated, glabrous; flowers sessile. hb. S. Native of Jamaica. Flowers yellow, about the size of those of Linum trigynum. Petioles 3-4 lines long. Bracteoles setaceous, adpressed to the calyx. Perhaps 7’. acuta, Willd. rel. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 678. exclusive of the country. Acute-leaved Turnera. Shrub 1 foot. 10 T. arírera (Mart. reis. bras. ex D.C. prod. 3. p. 346.) plant downy ; leaves linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, acute, atte- nuated and biglandular at the base, remotely.and acutely ser- rated, pubescent; stem suffruticose; branches twiggy ; flowers petiolar; bracteas shorter than the calyx. h.S. Native of Brazil, at Rio Jaquitinhonha and Rio Verde Grande. Bee-bearing Turnera. Shrub 1 foot. 11 T. sericea (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 127.) leaves oblong, crenately serrated, soft, clothed with adpressed pubescence above, and white, silky down beneath; flowers ses- sile; styles exceeding the stamens. h.S. Native of South America, about Cumana and between Popayan and Almaguer. T. Peruvidna, Willd. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 679. Petals yellow, violaceous at the base. Shrub branched, rather prostrate. Silky Turnera. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 12 T. métus (H. B. et Kunth, l. c. p. 126.) leaves ovate- oblong, coarsely crenate-serrated, clothed with silky hairs on both surfaces, canescent beneath ; flowers sessile; styles pilose. h.S. Native of New Granada, near Honda. Petals yellow, with violaceous claws. Capsule roundish-ovate. Soft Turnera. Shrub 1 foot. 13 T. roxcrròra (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 216.) leaves oblong, obtuse, crenately toothed, biglandular at the base beneath, woolly on both surfaces, but especially beneath ; flowers sessile : styles 3-times longer than the stamens. h.S. Native of Bra- zil, in the province of Minas Geraes. Petals obovate-oblong, yellow, red at the base. Long-flowered Turnera. Shrub 1 to 1} foot. 14 T. ture’scens (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 217.) leaves lanceo- late, acute, crenately toothed, lower ones glandless, upper bi- glandular at the base beneath, clothed with silky pubescence on the upper surfaces, and with yellowish tomentum beneath ; flowers sessile in fascicles. h. S. . Native of Brazil, in -the province of Minas Geraes. Petals oblong-obovate, of a golden yellow colour. Yellowish Turnera. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 15 T. wea'na (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 217.) leaves oblong or K 2 68 oblong-lanceolate, acutish, crenately-toothed, clothed with vel- vety pubescence above, and hoary tomentum beneath, and bi- glandular at the base; flowers sessile; styles one half shorter than the calyx. h.S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Goyaz. Petals yellow, obovate-oblong. Hoary Turnera. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 16 T. nermannioipes (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 218.) leaves obovate-oblong, cuneated, unequally toothed, clothed with white tomentum on both surfaces, biglandular at the base beneath ; flowers sessile; styles a little longer than the stamens. h. S. Native of Brazil, in that part of the province of Minas Geraes called Minas Novas. Petals oblong, marked with brown veins. Hermannia-like Turnera. Shrub 1 to 14 foot. 17 T. mexocuioipes (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 219.) leaves ob- long, obtuse, narrowed at the base, unequally crenate-toothed, rather roughish above, and clothed with rufescent tomentum beneath, biglandular at the base; flowers sessile ; styles a little shorter than the stamens. h. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes. Petals obovate, yellow. Melochia-like Turnera. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 18 T. na‘na (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 219.) leaves obovate, rounded at the apex, crenated, pubescent on both surfaces, but especially beneath, biglandular at the base; flowers sessile ; styles 3-times longer than the stamens. .S. Native of Bra- zil, in the province of Minas Geraes. Petals obovate, yellow. Dwarf Turnera. Pl. + foot. 19 T. pintrér1a (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 220.) leaves linear, acute, almost quite entire, biglandular at the base beneath ; flowers nearly sessile; styles shorter than the stamens. h.S. Native of Brazil, in the southern part of the province of Goyaz, on a mountain called Serra dos Pyreneos, near the town called Meia. Petals oblong, pale yellow. Pine-leaved Turnera. Shrub 1 foot. ** Leaves glandless. 20 T. centstoipes (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 220.) leaves linear, acutish, glandless, hairy ; flowers sessile ; styles twice the length of the stamens. b. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, near Tejuco. Petals obovate-oblong, glabrous. Genista-like Turnera. Shrub 4 to 1 foot. 21 T. cuamzprirouia (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 221.) leaves oblong, acute, deeply toothed, glandless, pubescent on both sur- faces, but especially beneath; flowers on short peduncles ; styles exceeding the stamens. h.S. Native of Brazil, in that part of the province of Minas Geraes called Minas Novas, on the banks of the river Jiquitinhonha. Petals rose-coloured ? Germander-leaved Turnera. Shrub $ to 1 foot. 22 T. pinnatirma (Juss. in Poir. dict. 8. p- 144.) leaves obovate-oblong, cuneated, toothed, or pinnatifid, glandless, hairy or tomentose ; flowers pedunculate ; styles 3-times longer than the stamens, purple. h.S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Cisplatin, in pastures and fields. Petals scarlet, denticulated at the apex. Var. B, angustiloba (D. C. prod. 3. p. 347.) stems diffuse ; leaves hairy, pinnatifid: lobes narrow, acute; flowers of a dirty red or copper colour. h.S. Native of Brazil, about Monte Video, and in the province of Cisplatin. Var. y, cdrnea (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 222.) stems ascending, 6 inches high ; leaves hairy, oblong-lanceolate, cuneated, deeply toothed; petals pale red, usually marked at the base with a dark purple spot each; filaments puberulous. h. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Cisplatin. Pinnatifid leaved Turnera. Shrub 4 foot. 23 T. seTòsa (Smith, in Rees’ cycl. no. 6.) leaves obovate- wedge-shaped, serrated or pinnatifid, very hairy on both sides, without glands ; peduncles axillary, partly combined with the TURNERACE. I. TURNERA. footstalks ; outer calyx linear. %.S. Native of Monte Video and Buenos Ayres. Flowers tawny, red. Bristly Turnera. Pl. 3 to 4 foot. 24 T. pumitza (Lin. ameen. 5. p. 395.) leaves broad-lanceo- late, deeply serrated, hairy ; flowers sessile, propped by 2 linear bracteas; styles and stamens length of petals. ©.S. Native of Jamaica, in arid fields. Swartz, obs. 116.—Sloane, jam. hist. t. 127. f, 6.—Pumilea, no. 1. P. Browne, jam. 188. Stem hardly 3 inches long. Plum. icon. t. 150. f. 1. Flowers small, yellow. Dwarf Turnera. Fl. July. Cit. 1796. Pl. + foot. 25 T. micropny'tia (D. C. prod. 3. p. 347.) leaves oblong, attenuated at the base, crenated, wrinkled, clothed with white | tomentum beneath; flowers sessile, bearing 2 linear, adpressed bracteoles at the base. h. S. Native of St. Domingo. T. pumilea, Poir. dict. 8. p. 143. but not of Swartz. Petiv. gaz. t. 38. f.9. T. difftisa, Willd. rel. in Reem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p- 679. This plant differs from 7’. pumilea in the stem being suffrutescent, nearly a foot high, and much branched. Perhaps T. microphylla, Desv. in Hamilt. prod. p. 33. is referrible to this plant. Small-leaved Turnera. Shrub 1 foot. §2. Peduncles distinct from the petioles, axillary. Flowers bibracteolate. 26 T. rupe’srris (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 289. t. 113. f. 1.) leaves linear, serrated, glabrous, glandless ; flowers nearly sessile, bear- | ing 2 setaceous bracteoles at the base. Guiana, in the fissures of humid rocks, at the river Sinemari. Petals yellow, somewhat toothed at the apex, 3 lines long. Flowers small. Rock Turnera. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt.1824. Shrub 2 to 3 ft. 27 T. rrute’scens (Aubl. 1. c. p. 290. t. 113. f. 2. but not of Mill.) leaves lanceolate, acuminated, equally serrated ; flowers nearly sessile, bearing 2 sessile, lanceolate-linear bracteoles. h. S. Native of Guiana, in the fissures of rocks, on the banks of the river Sinemari. Very like 7’. rupéstris, but differs in the leaves being broader, and in the serratures being more crowded. Flowers small, yellow. h. S. Native of | f Var. P, latifolia (D. C. prod. 3. p. 347.) leaves ovate, acute. k. S. Native of Cayenne. Shrubby Turnera. Shrub 5 to 8 feet. 28 T. tTomeNTÒsa (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 125. | but not of Willd.) leaves oblong, irregularly crenate-serrated, | pubescent above, but clothed with canescent tomentum beneath, | glandless at the base; flowers sessile, with 6 stamens and 6 | petals. hk. S. Native of South America, in the province of | Venezuela. Styles hairy, about equal in length to the stamens: Petals yellow. Tomentose Turnera. Shrub 1 foot. 29 T. stvoipes (Lin. mant. p. 58.) leaves obovate-cuneated, | serrated, quite entire at the base, rather tomentose on both sut- faces, pilose on the veins and margin beneath; flowers on very short pedicels; bracteoles linear, hairy. h.? S. Native 0 Brazil. Habit of T. cistotdes. Petals obovate, yellow. Sida-like Turnera.. Shrub 4 foot. | 30 T. carrxiròLa (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves oblong- | lanceolate, doubly serrated, puberulous, biglandular at the base} flowers on short pedicels ; bracteoles ovate, acuminated, serrated: hb. S. Native on the humid banks of the river Orinoco, nea Maypures. p. 678. ex Kunth. Flowers yellow. According to Willd. the flowers are petiolar; if such be the case, the plant belongs t° the preceding section. Hornebeam-leaved Turnera. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 31 T. Duarrea'na (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 223.) leaves ovate T. acuta, Willd. rel. in Roem. et Schult. syst- 6 | SEPUPU EEA TURNERACEE. obtuse, crenated, glandless, pubescent above, hairy, tomentose beneath, white ; peduncles simple. h.S. Native of Brazil, in the western part of the province of Minas Geraes. Styles shorter than the stamens. Petals 3-times longer than the calyx, erose, or rounded at the apex, rose-coloured when dry. Brac- teas small, deciduous. Var. B, rotundifolia (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaves smaller, ovate- roundish ; flowers yellow. This variety will perhaps constitute a distinct species. Duarte’s Turnera. Shrub 1 foot. 32 T. neriantHemoipss (St. Hil. 1. c. p. 224.) leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acutish, unequally denticulated, glandless, pubescent above, but clothed with white tomentum beneath ; flowers axillary ; peduncles simple; bracteas small, deciduous. h.S. Native of Brazil, in the southern part of the province of Goyaz, on the banks of the river Parahyba. Petals obovate. Styles about equal in length to the stamens. Sun-rose-like Turnera. Pl. 4 to 1 foot. 33 T. rosea (St. Hil. l. c. p. 225.) leaves linear-lanceolate, ob- tuse, obsoletely denticulated, gla- ndless, rather pilose on both sur- faces ; pili rufescent ; peduncles simple ; bracteas small, deci- duous, h. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of St. Paul, not far from the town called Franca. Petals rose-coloured, obovate, erose at the apex. .Styles twice the length of the stamens. Rose-coloured Turnera. ł to 1 foot. 34 T. sipmrdzia (St. Hil. 1. c. p. 227. t. 124.) leaves oblong, obtuse, crenated, glandless, ra- ther scabrous above, but clothed with hoary tomentum beneath ; peduncles axillary, 1-2-flowered; bracteas small, subulate, to- mentose. h. S. Nativeof Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, at a place called Aldea da boa Vista. Petals obovate, obsoletely crenulated, yellow. Styles shorter than the stamens. Sida-leaved Turnera. Shrub 4 to 1 foot. 35 T. au’rea (St. Hil. l. c. p. 226.) leaves oblong, narrowed at the base, acute, or rounded at the apex, serrately toothed, glandless, beset with golden hairs; peduncles simple, articulated in the middle. h. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, near the town of St. Joao del Rey. Petals twice or thrice the length of the calyx, cuneated at the base and rounded at the apex, rose-coloured or flesh-coloured ; each marked by a dark purple spot at the base. Styles shorter than the younger stamens. Golden-haired Turnera. Pl. Shrub 4 to 1 foot. § 3. Flowers disposed in axillary and terminal racemes. 36 T. racemdsa (Jacq. hort. vind. 3. t. 94.) leaves oblong, or oblong-lanceolate, acutish, unequally denticulated, glandless, pubescent above, and clothed with white tomentum beneath ; upper flowers leafless at the base, and therefore disposed in a terminal raceme; peduncles simple. ©.S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, on the banks of the river Jiquitinhonha; and of St. Domingo. Stem and peduncles hispid. Petals ovate, yellow, furnished each with a small jagged append- age on the inside at the base. Styles longer than the stamens. Racemose-flowered Turnera. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1789. Pl. 1 to 2 feet, 87 T. saxicrrdtia (St. Hil. 1. c. p. 227.) leaves lanceolate, acuminated, serrated, glandless, smoothish ; peduncles axillary, I. TURNERA. 69 many-flowered. h. S. Native of Brazil, near Rio Janeiro. Petals obovate, striated, yellow, denticulated at the apex. Styles about equal in length to the calyx. Willow-leaved Turnera. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 38 T. carrra'ra (St. Hil. l. c. p. 215.) leaves elliptic-oblong, or oblong-lanceolate, acute, dentately serrated, nearly glandless, pubescent above, and clothed with yellowish tomentum beneath ; flowers sessile, forming a many-flowered head at the tops of the branches. h. S. Nativeof Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, on the margins of woods near Poso Alto, not far from the confines of the province of St. Paul, and on the iron moun- tains near Nossa Snra da Concecao. Petals obovate-oblong, pale yellow. Styles much shorter than the stamens. Capitate-flowered Turnera. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 39 T. Guiane’nsis (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 291. t. 114.) leaves linear, acuminated, remotely serrated, biglandular at the base, glabrous on both surfaces; racemes terminal, few-flowered ; pedicels leafless at the base, but bibracteolate under the calyx. ©.8. Native of Guiana, in moist meadows, and in the plains of Caraccas. H.B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 124. T. Humbdldtii, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 241. Glands small, sometimes 1-2, abortive. Bracteas glandular at the base. ex Aubl. Cap- sule ovate, trigonal, 3 or few-seeded. Flowers yellow. Per- haps Humboldt’s plant is the same as that of Aublet. Guiana Turnera. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1823. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. 40 T. cra`sra (D.C. prod. 3. p. 347.) leaves linear, obtuse, subserrated, narrowed at the base, glandless; racemes few- flowered; pedicels rising from the axils of small linear leaves and longer than them, articulated and bractless above the middle. ©.? S. Native of St. Domingo. Stems erect, glabrous. Flowers yellow ? Glabrous Turnera, PI. 1 to 2 feet. 41 T. cisroipes (Lin. spec. 387.) leaves linear-lanceolate, serrated, pubescent above, tomentose beneath, glandless at the base ; racemes terminal, leafy ; pedicels rising from the axils of lanceolate leaves, and shorter than them, articulated and bract- less above the middle. ©. S. Native of South America, in sterile places, Surinam, Jamaica, St. Domingo, Georgia, &c. Sloan. jam. hist. 1. p: 127. f. 7. Plum. ed Burm. t. 150. f. 1. Swartz. obs. 117. T. hirsuta, Bert. mss. Flowers small, yellow. Rock-rose-like Turnera. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1774. Pl. 4 ft. 42 T. a’spera (Poir. dict. 8. p. 144.) leaves elliptic, sessile, a little toothed, pubescent above, and rather tomentose beneath, glandular ; stem hardly pubescent, rough ; racemes leafy, ter- minal ; pedicels rising from the axils of the leaves, and shorter than them, articulated above the middle. ©. S. Native of French Guiana. Flowers yellow. Perhaps a variety of T. cistotdes or of Periquéta villosa. Rough Turnera. Pl. 4 foot. t Species not sufficiently known. 43 T. opora'ra (Rich. in act. soc. hist. nat. par. 1792. p. 107.) shrubby, much branched ; flowers small; leaves ovate, acute, toothed, tomentose. h. S. Native of Cayenne. Flowers yellow ? Smeet-scented Turnera. Shrub. 44 T. nirta (Willd. rel. in Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 678.) leaves linear-lanceolate, unequal, bluntly serrated, clothed with stellate tomentum on both surfaces; flowers axillary, solitary ; stem branched, hairy. ©. S. Native of Brazil. Flowers yellow. Hairy Turnera. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. Pl. 3 to 1 ft. 45 T. Brazitie’nsis (Willd. rel. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, quite entire, clothed with hispid pubescence; flowers axillary, sessile, aggregate. h. S. Native of Brazil. Leaves biglandular at the base. ex Spreng. 70 TURNERACEZ. I. Turnera. II. Prriauera. Brazilian Turnera. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1810. Pl. 4 to 1 ft. 46 T. inreerirdria (Willd. rel. 1. c.) peduncles 1-flowered, axillary ; leaves linear-lanceolate, pubescent, glandless.—Native country unknown. Leaves revolute, sessile, strigose above, but ciothed with stellate tomentum beneath. Peduncles branched, bractless. (ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 942.) Entire-leaved Turnera. PI. ? 47 T. virea‘ra (Willd. rel. 1. c.) leaves ovate, serrated, pli- cate, biglandular at the base; flowers bibracteate; bracteas linear-setaceous. ©.S. Native of Brazil. Twiggy Turnera. Pl. 4 to 1 foot. 48 T. concnorrrota (Willd. rel. 1. c.) leaves oblong, doubly serrated, tomentose beneath. ©. S. Native of Brazil. The rest unknown. Corchorus-leaved Turnera. Pl. 4 to 1 foot? 49 T. Desvau’xu (D.C. prod. 3. p. 348.) stem suffruticose, branched ; branches assurgent, hairy ; leaves ovate, obtuse, cre- nately toothed at the base, rather pilose beneath ; flowers axil- lary, on long peduncles.—Native of Guiana. T. hirta, Desv. in Hamilt. prod. p. 33. but not of Willd. Desvaux’s Turnera. PI. 1 foot. Cult. All the species of Turnéra are elegant plants when in flower, and thrive well in any light rich soil. They seed freely in this country, and may be propagated by that means: cuttings also root freely, under a hand-glass, in heat. The seeds of annual species may be reared on a hot-bed in spring ; and some of the plants may be planted out into the open border, in a warm sheltered situation, where they will probably flower and ripen their seeds, if the summer prove dry and warm. If. PIRIQUE‘TA (meaning not explained by Aublet). Aubl. guian. 1. p. 298. t. 117. Juss. gen. 294. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 127. D.C. prod. 3. p. 348.—Burghartia, Neck. elem. no. 1186.—Bureardia, Scop. ex Schreb. gen. no. 530. but not of Schmied. nor Duham. nor Neck. nor R. Br. —Turnéra species, Lam. and Willd. Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Tri-Hexagynia. Calyx campanu- late. Style 6, or 3 bipartite ones ; stigmas multifid, flabellate. Capsule 3-valved from the apex to the base. Perhaps this genus is sufficiently distinct from the preceding. Habit of Tur- néra racemosa, but which plant is only furnished with 3 styles, not 6. Flowers pedicellate, in the axils of the upper leaves. Pedicels bractless, articulated above the middle. 1 P. vitrdsa (Aubl. 1. c.) leaves ovate-oblong, erosely toothed, wrinkled, clothed with rufous villi. ©. S. Native of Guiana, in sand by the sea-side. Turnéra rugdsa, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1504. Poir. dict. 8. p. 145. Turnèra villòsa, Reusch. Co- rolla yellow. Villous Piriqueta. Pl. 2 feet. 2 P. romextòsa (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 128.) leaves oblong, acutish at both ends, irregularly crenate-serrated, pubescent above, clothed with soft hoary tomentum beneath. ©. S. Native of South America, between Atures and May- pures, on the Orinoco. Turnéra tomentdsa, Willd. rel. in Reem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 678. but not of H. B. et Kunth, Corolla yellow. Tomentose Piriqueta. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. Cult. The culture and propagation of these plants are the same as for the annual species of Turnèra, see p- 70. Orver CIX. FOUQUIERA‘CEE (plants agreeing with Fouquiéra in important characters). D. C. prod. 3. p. 349.— Portulaceis affines, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 81. Calyx of 5 permanent sepals; sepals imbricated, ovate or roundish. Petals 5, combined into a tube, inserted in the bottom FOUQUIERACE. I. Foveurera. II. Bronnia. of the calyx or torus; limb of corolla 5-lobed, regular. Sta- mens 10-12, inserted with the corolla, exserted ; anthers 2- celled. Style filiform, trifid at the apex. Capsule trigonal, 3-celled ; valves bearing dissepiments in their middle, which go as far as the centre of the fruit, and there- fore the capsule is 3-celled. Seeds compressed, winged, fixed to the centre of the fruit or axis, few when the capsule is mature, but numerous when it is in a young state. straight, in the centre of a fleshy albumen, with flat cotyledons, —Trees or shrubs, natives of Mexico. Leaves in fascicles when young, in the axils of spines or cushions, quite entire, Flowers scarlet, disposed in a ter- Ovarium free, sessile. oblong, and rather fleshy. minal spike or panicle. This order is separated from Portulacee by De Candolle, as he tells us, (Mem. portul. p. 4.) for the following reasons : first, because their petals cohere into a long tube, of the same nature as that of gamopetalous Crassulacee ; second, because their capsule consists of 3 loculicidal cells, that is to say, which separate through the middle, forming 3 septiferous valves ; and Embryo | thirdly, because their embryo is straight, with flat cotyledons, | and stationed in the centre of a fleshy albumen. They approach the monopetalous Crassuldcee in the structure of their flowers; and Turnerdcee and Lodsee in the form of their fruit. Synopsis of the genera. 1 Fovaure‘ra. Sepals ovate, mucronate, free, 2 exterior and 3 interior. 10-12, hypogynous. 2 Bronnta. Sepals roundish; limb of corolla erect. mens 10. Sta- I. FOUQUIE'RA (in honour of Peter Edward Fouquiere, M.D. of Paris, and Professor of Medicine there). H.B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 81. t. 527. D.C. prod. 3. p. 349 —KEcheveria species, Moe. et Sesse, icon. ined. Lin. syst. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx coloured ; sepals ovate, mucronate, 2 exterior and 3 interior, free. Corolla hypogynous ; tube cylindrical, a little arched ; limb spreadingly reflexed, nearly regular. Stamens 10-12, hypogynous, €x- serted; filaments ciliated below, and cohering together; an- thers cordate. Ovulas 18, on each placenta, in 2 rows. unknown. Flowers scarlet. Leaves oblong, rather fleshy. 1 F. rormòsa (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.). v Mexico. Echevéria spicata, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Flowers flesh-coloured, an inch long. Leaves scattered, accord- ing to Kunth’s figure ; but according to the figure in the fl. mex: they are a little narrower and in fascicles: therefore the 2 figures mentioned are very unlike each other. Shony Fouquiera. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. Limb of corolla spreadingly reflexed. Stamens | Fruit | A somewhat spinose shrub. Spikes terminal, erect. | h. S. Native of | Cult. A light rich soil will suit this very showy shrub ; and | young cuttings will root freely under a hand-glass, in heat. II. BRO’NNIA (in honour of Henry George Bronn, a young botanist, who has written on the form of leguminous plants). Be et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 83. t. 528. D.C. prod. 3. p- 349.—Echevéria species, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. ; Lin. syst. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx rmanent i sepals 5, roundish. Tube of corolla cylindrical, straight ; lim FOUQUIERACE. erect. Stamens 10; filaments filiform, exserted ; anthers ovate. Style exceeding the stamens. Cells of fruit 1-seeded when mature. A spinose shrub, with fascicles of obovate-oblong, membranous leaves in the axils of the spines. Flowers panicled, scarlet. It differs from the last genus in the placentas being drawn in more to the centre of the fruit. 1 B. sprndsa (H. B. et Kunth, 1l. c.) h.S. Native of Mexico. Echevéria paniculata, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Fouquiéra spindsa, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 452. Cantua spinòsa, Willd. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 369. Spiny Bronnia. Tree 12 to 14 feet. Cult. See Fouquiéra, p. 70. for culture and propagation. Order CX. PORTULA'CEZ (plants agreeing in impor- tant characters with Portulaca). Juss. gen. p. 313. exclusive of some genera. D.C. fl. fr. ed. 3. vol. 4. p. 398, prod. 3. p. 851. St. Hil. pl. lib. p. 42. Calyx free, or somewhat adnate to the very base of the ova- rium (f. 15. æ. f. f. 18. a.), usually of 2 sepals (f. 16. a. f. 18. a.), seldom of 3 or 5 (f. 20. a.), cohering at the base. Petals usually 5 (f. 15. b. f. 17. b.), but sometimes 3-4-6, very rarely wanting altogether, either distinct (f. 18. b.), or cohering into a short tube at the base (f. 15. b.), alternating with the sepals when the number is equal. Stamens inserted along with the petals, irre- gularly into the base of the calyx, and sometimes perhaps in the torus, variable in number in the species of the same genus, all fertile ; filaments distinct, adnate to the base of the petals (f. 15. g.), and usually opposite them where the number is equal ; anthers ovate, 2-celled, opening lengthwise, versatile (f. 18. c.). Ovarium one, usually roundish (f. 15. e.), 1-celled (f. 15. f.). Style sometimes single, filiform, cleft into numerous stigmas at the apex (f. 15. c.); sometimes wanting or nearly so; when this is the case the stigmas are distinct (f. 17. c.), and rise in numbers from the top of the ovarium. Capsule 1-celled, Opening either transversely (f. 15. f.), or by the 3 valves from the base to the apex; but they are also occasionally 1-seeded and indehiscent. Seeds numerous when the fruit is dehiscent, attached to the central placenta (f. 15. f.). Albumen farina- ceous. Embryo curved round the circumference of the albu- men, with a long radicle, and oblong cotyledons.—Fleshy Shrubs or herbs. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, entire, usually succulent, without stipulas, or sometimes with membra- nous ones on each side of the petioles. Flowers axillary or ter- minal, usually expanding in the sun, and of short duration. The 1-seeded genera of this order agree in character with the order Paronychièæ, and the apetalous genera with the order Ficoidee. This order is related in nearly every point of view to Caryophillee, from which they scarcely differ except in their Perigynous stamens, which are opposite the petals when equal to them in number, and two sepals; the latter character is not, however, very constant. The presence of scarious stipulas in several Portulacee, although perhaps an anomaly in the order, indicates their affinity with Paronychièæ, from which the mono- Spermous genera of Portuldcee are distinguished by the want of Symmetry in their flowers, and by the stamens being apposite the petals, instead of the sepals. So close is the relationship II. Bronnia. PORTULACEE. 71 between these orders, that several of the genus Ginginsia in Por- tulàceæ have been referred to Pharnàceum in Caryophýlleæ, and several Portulàceæ have been described by authors as belonging to genera of Paronychite. De Candolle remarks, that his Gin- ginsia brevicatlis resembles certain species of Andrésace, and that Portulacee have been more than once compared to Primu- làceæ (mem. p. 14.), and the same author remarks in his prod. 3. p. 351. that the genera with definite stamens, and hairy axillee approach Cácteæ, while the apetalous genera tend towards apetalous Ficoidee, Insipidity, want of smell, and a dull green colour, are the usual qualities of this order, of which the only species of any known use are common Parslane and Claytonia perfoliata, which resemble each other in properties. Synopsis of the genera. Sepals 5, concrete at the base, coloured. Styles or 1 TRIA’NTHEMA, Petals wanting. Stamens 5, rarely 10 or more. stigmas 1-2, rarely 3. Capsule opening transversely. 2 Cypse‘tea. Calyx campanulate, 5-parted, coloured. Petals Stamens 2-3. Style hardly any, bipartite, or probably 2 stigmas. Capsule opening transversely. 3 Porruta‘ca. Calyx bipartite (f. 15. a.), at length falling off. Petals 4-6, equal (f. 15. 6.), free or concrete at the base. Stamens 8-15 (f. 15. g.). Style one, 3-6 cleft at the apex (f. 15. c.); or style wanting, and the stigmas 3-8 elongated. Cap- sule opening transversely (f. 15. f.). 4 Grana‘mia. Calyx of 2 white permanent sepals, girded by 8-9 bracteas. Petals 5, obovate. Stamens numerous, united at the very base. Style 1; stigmas 4-5, revolute. Capsule 1- celled, 5-valved, many-seeded. Seeds compressed, winged. 5 Anaca’mpseros. Sepals 2 (f. 16. a.), cohering at the base. Petals 5 (f. 16. b.), very fugaceous. Stamens 15-20 (f. 16, c.). Style filiform, trifid at the apex (f. 16. d.). Capsule conical, 3- valved (f. 16. c.). Seeds winged. 6 Tattnum. Sepals 2 (f.17. a.), deciduous. Petals 5 (f. 17. b.), free or somewhat concrete at the base, Stamens 10-20. Style filiform, 3-cleft at the apex (f. 17. c.). Capsule 3-valved. Seed wingless. 7 Lewisia. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals 9-12. 16, hypogynous. Style deeply 6-parted, with the segments fili- form, and the stigmas obtuse. 8 Cazanpri'nra. Calyx 2-parted (f.18.a.). Petals 3-5 (f. 18. b.), free or rather connate at the base. Stamens 4-15 (f. 18. c.). Style one, very short, tripartite at the apex (f. 18. c.); lobes clavate. Capsule oblong-elliptic, 3-valved. Seeds wing- less. 9 Porruzaca’r1A. Calyx of 2 sepals, membranous. 5, permanent. Stamens 5, or probably 10, 5 of which are abor- tive. Style wanting; stigmas 3, spreading, glandular. Fruit triquetrous, winged, indehiscent, l-seeded. 10 U'rLucus. Sepals 2, coloured, deciduous. Petals 5, con- nected into a very short tube at the base. Stamens 5, short. Style filiform ; stigma simple. Capsule 1-celled, 1-seeded. none. Stamens 12- Petals 72 PORTULACES. 11 Crayronra. Sepals 2 (f. 19. a. f. 20. a.), permanent. Petals 5, unguiculated (f. 19. b. f. 20.b.); claws connate at the base. Stamens 5 (f. 20.d.). Style one, trifid at the apex (f. 19. c. f. 20. c.); lobes stigmatose inside. Capsule 3-valved (f. 20. c.), 8-seeded. 12 Mo’ntia. Calyx of 2, rarely of 3 sepals. Petals 5, rather connate at the base, 3 of which are a little smaller than the rest. Stamens usually 3 in front of the smaller petals, making 9, very rarely 3-4. Capsule 3-valved, 3-seeded. 13 Leprrrna. Calyx 8-parted. Petals wanting. Stamens 3. Styles 3, short, acute. Capsule 3-valved, 3-seeded. 14 Coroza’ntuus. Calyx 4-5-parted. Petals wanting. Sta- mens 4-6. Stigmas 4-5. Capsule 4-7-valved, many-seeded. 15 Giner'nsta. Calyx 5-parted, permanent, petaloid on the margins and in the inside. Stamens 5. Ova- rium girded by a 5-lobed fleshy scale. Capsule 3-valved, many- seeded. 16 AYLME'RIA. Petals wanting. Calyx 2-parted, coloured. Petals 5. Sta- mens 10, membranous, connected into a hypogynous tube, the 5 inner ones abortive. Style one, crowned by a depressed capi- tate stigma. Capsule bladdery, membranous, valveless. Seeds numerous in the bottom of the cell. . 17 Hypropy’x1s. Calyx 5-parted, permanent. Corolla un- equally 5-lobed. Stamens 4, 2 long and 2 short, inserted in the corolla. Ovarium superior. Style simple, crowned by a 3-lobed, capitate stigma. Capsule triangular, 1-celled, many-seeded, opening transversely. I. TRIA’'NTHEMA (from zpetc, treis, three, and aySoc, an- thos, a flower; flowers are usually disposed by threes). Sauv. meth. fol. p. 127. Lin. gen. no. 537. D.C. prod. 3. p. 351.— Zalèya, Burm. fl. ind. p. 110.—Rocàma and Papulària, Forsk. desc. 69. et 71. Lin. syst. Pent-Decándria, Monogiynia. Sepals 5, perma- nent, connected together at the base, rather coloured on the in- side, and mucronated under the apex. Petals wanting. Sta- mens 5-10, rarely more, distinct, inserted in the bottom of the calyx ; anthers kidney-shaped. Ovarium ovate. Styles or stigmas filiform, 1-2, rarely 3. Capsule opening transversely below the middle; the upper valve, which separates like a lid, is hollow, and contains a seminiferous cell; therefore both cells are either simple, or of two divisions, one or few-seeded.— More or less fleshy herbs, which are sometimes suffruticose at the base. Leaves opposite, quite entire, petiolate. Petioles dilated into a stipula-formed membrane on both sides. Flowers axillary, ses- sile, usually by threes. Sect. I. Zare ya (meaning not explained by Burmann). Burm. fl. ind. p. 110. D. C. prod. 3. p. 3852. Stamens 10 or more. 1 T. porya’npra (Blum. bijdr. p. 1137.) stems herbaceous, procumbent; branches terete; leaves linear, obtuse; flowers pedunculate, solitary, polyandrous, trigynous. %. S. Native of Batavia, in bogs. Polyandrous Trianthema. PI. er. 2 T. covinpta (Ham. ex Wall. cat. no. 6838.) stems suffru- ticose, trailing ; leaves opposite, elliptic, emarginate at the apex; those opposite each other of unequal size; flowers axillary, ag- gregate, sessile. h.S. Native of the East Indies, in Mungger. Plant glaucous. The number of stamens and styles unknown. Govindia Trianthema. Shrub prostrate. 3 T. peca’npra (Lin. mant. p. 70.) stem herbaceous, gla- I. TRIANTHEMA. brous, diffuse, terete ; leaves elliptic, acute. ©. F. Native of the East Indies. Zaléya decandra, Burm. 1. c. t. 31. f. 3. Pe- tioles furnished at the base on both sides with a broad mem- brane. Flowers on short pedicels, disposed in fascicles in the axils. Sepals mucronate at the apex. Stamens 10-12. Styles 2, Decandrous Trianthema. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1762. PI. tr. 4 T. rrreuerra (Rottl. et Willd. in nov. act. nat. berol. 4, pe 180.) stem herbaceous, dichotomous, branched; branches compressedly triquetrous ; leaves somewhat spatulate, petiolate; flowers axillary, sessile.— Native on the coast of Coromandel. Structure of flower unknown. Triquetrous Trianthema. PI. diffuse. 5 T. uumiru'sa (Thunb. fl. cap. p. 389.) stems frutescent, trailing, terete ; leaves lanceolate, attenuated at both ends. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in Konde Bokeveldt. Stamens 10, alternate ones shorter. Thunberg in his prodro- mus says the flowers are monogynous, but in his flora he says they are digynous. Var. B; stamens 10, one-half shorter than the calyx, fixed by pairs to the base of the calycine segments.—Native of the Cape of Good Hope, at Hex River. Trailing Trianthema. Shrub tr. 6 T. a'ncers (Thunb. fl. cap. p. 399.) stem frutescent, dif- fuse, 2-edged ¥leaves lanceolate, attenuated at both ends, acu- minated. h.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stamens 10. Style 1, very short. Two-edged-stemmed Trianthema. Shrub diffuse. Sect. II. Roca‘ma (Rokama is the Arabic name of T. pen- tándra). Forsk. descript. p. 71. D.C. prod. 8. p. 352. Sta- mens 5. 7 T. penra’npra (Lin. mant. p. 70.) stem rough from vel- vety hairs ; leaves elliptic, obtuse, flowers crowded in the axils of the leaves. 2%. (ex Forsk.) h .(ex Lin.) Native of Arabia. Rocama digyna, Forsk. l. c. Rocdma Arábica, Gmel. syst. 1. p- 455. Pluk. phyt. t. 120. f. 3. ex Lin. Gertn, fruct. 2. p. 213. t.128.f. 5. Lam.ill. t. 375. £.2. Sta mens 5. Styles 2. Perhaps 2 species are here confused, the stems being, according to Linnzus, erect and shrubby, and according to Forskal annual and prostrate. Var. B, obcordata (D. C. prod. 3. p. 352.) leaves obovate, bluntly-emarginate at the apex.—Native of the East Indies. T. obcordata, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 34. Pentandrous Trianthema. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl. pr. 8 T. Monodeyna (Lin. mant. p. 69.) stem herbaceous, diffuses dichotomous, branched, glabrous ; leaves oval, obtuse, opposite, one of them smaller than the other; flowers axillary, sessile, bibracteolate. ©. S. Native of Jamaica, Curassoa, and Mexico. D. C. pl. grass. t. 109. Lam. ill. t. 375. f. 1. T. portulacas- trum, Sauv. meth. p. 127. Lin. spec. 635. T. procúmbens, Mill.—Pluk. alm. t. 95. f. 4. Stamens usually 5, alternating with the sepals, but sometimes. 10. Styles 1 or 2. Lower cel of capsule about 4-seeded : upper one 1-seeded. Monogynous Trianthema. FI. July, Aug. Cit. 1710. Pl. pr 9 T. crysta'rLiNna (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 32.) stem shrubby, diffuse, terete, glabrous, papulose; leaves linear or lanceolate | T. pentándra, | opposite, one of them smaller than the other; flowers crowded, | axillary. h. G. Native of Arabia and the East Indies. Pa- pularia crystállina, Forsk. desc. p. 69. Stamens alternating with the petals. Style 1. Icy Trianthema. Shrub diffuse. Cult. The seeds of the species of Triánthema require to be sown on a hot-bed in spring; and about the end of May they may be planted out in the open border in a warm sheltered siti- ation, where they will probably flower and seed. Some are $4! ait PORTULACEZ. to be shrubby, these it will be requisite to treat as other stove plants ; and cuttings of them will be easily rooted. II. CYPSE'LEA (from kupen, kypsele, a bee-hive ; in refer- ence to the form of the capsule). Turp. in ann. mus. 7. p. 219. t. I f.5. D.C. prod. 3. p. 353.—Radiana, Rafin. speech. 1. p. 88. Lix. syst. Di-Triándria, Digynia. Calyx campanulate, permanent, coloured, 5-parted; lobes obtuse, 2 of which are smaller than the other 3. Corolla wanting. Stamens 2-3, in- serted in the calyx and alternating with its lobes (ex Turp.), or opposite the smaller lobes (ex Rafin.). Ovarium free, 1-celled Style hardly any, 2-parted, or stigmas 2. Capsule 1-celled, many-seeded, opening transversely. Seeds fixed to an oval, central placenta, very small, and very numerous.—Herbs, na- tives of St. Domingo, with the habit of Méntia or Cripta, rather succulent, annual, and glabrous. Leaves opposite, obo- vate; petioles widened into a stipule-formed, jagged membrane. Flowers axillary, small, greenish, solitary, on short pedicels. I C. numiru'sa (Turp. 1. ¢.). ©. S. Native of St. Do- mingo. Tratt. obs. bot. 2. p. 41. t. 72. Radiàna petiolata, Rafin. l. c. Millegràna Surian, in herb. Juss. Trailing Cypselia. PI. tr. Cult. Sow the seeds thinly in a pot, and Place them in a hot-bed, or in a stove, with a pan of water under the pot. Not worth growing, except in a botanic garden. II. PORTULA'CA (from porto, to carry, and lac, milk ; plants milky). Tourn. inst. t. 118. Adans. fam. 2. p. 242. Juss. gen. p. 312.—Portulaca species of Lin.—Meridiana, Lin. et Schrank.—Lémia, Vand. in Roem. script. p. 116. t. 7. f. 15. —Merida, Neck. Lin. syst. Octo-Dodecdndria, Monogyjnia. Calyx free from or adhering to the ovarium at the very base, bipartite (f. 15. a.), at length cut round about at the base, and falling off. Petals 4-6 (f. 15. b.), equal, distinct, or joined together at the very base, inserted in the calyx. Stamens 8 (f. 15. g.) -15; fila- ments free, sometimes adnate to the bottom of the corolla (f. 15. g.). Ovarium roundish. Style 1 (f. 15. d.), 3-6-cleft at the apex (f. 15. ¢.), or the style is wanting; but in this case, the stigmas are 3-8 and elongated. Capsule sub-globose (f. 15. J), 1-celled, opening transversely in the middle. Seeds nu- merous, fixed to a central placenta (f. 15. f.).—Humble fleshy herbs. Leaves scattered, quite entire, thick, usually bearing hairs in the axils, crowded, or somewhat verticillated about the flowers, Flowers expanding from 9 till 12 0’clock in the morn- ing, if the sun shine, otherwise they remain closed.—This is a eterogeneous genus, and probably divisible, but easily distin- guished by the capsule opening transversely. * Flowers yellow. Axils of leaves naked. 1 P. orera'cea (Lin. spec. p. 638.) leaves wedge-shaped, fleshy ; axils and joints naked ; flowers sessile. ©. H. Native nearly throughout the whole world. D.C. pl. grass. t. 123. Schkuhr. handb. t. 130. Petals concrete at the base. Stamens 10-12, adnate to the corolla. Style wanting. Stigmas 5, elon- gated. Perhaps specifically distinct from the following varieties. —Blackw. icon. t. 287. Var. a, sylvéstris (D. C. prod. 3. p. 353.) stem and branches Prostrate and trailing. @. H. Native of Europe, in cultivated ields ; and very common in Java (ex Blum.); in North Ame- rica, about Norway House, and banks of the Hill river (Hook). Smith, fl. grec. 457. Lob. icon. t. 388. P. oleracea, Haw. misc. p. 126. syn. p. 122. Var. B, sativa (D.C. prod. 3. p. 353.) stems diffuse ; branches erectish. ©. H. Native of South America, and now cultivated in some parts of Europe. P. doméstica, Lob. icon. p. 388. P. VOL, III. II. CYPSELEA. III. PORTULACA. 73 sativa, Haw. misc. p. 136. syn. 122. P. latifòlia, Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p. 491. There is a variety of this with green leaves (P. víridis, Hortul.), and yellowish leaves (P. aúrea, Hortul.). The young shoots and succulent leaves are esteemed cooling, and are used in spring and summer as an ingredient in salads, and as pot-herbs and pickles. The plant was formerly in much more request than at present. Both the green and yellow- leaved sorts are raised from seed, and for a bed 4 feet by 4 feet, sown either broadcast or in drills, 9 inches apart, one-eighth of an ounce will suffice. ‘ Each variety is somewhat tender; the green, which is usually preferred, is perhaps rather the hardiest. An early crop may be sown in February or March, on a mo- derate hot-bed ; the plants will require the aid of a gentle heat till the middle of May, when the seed may be sown in a warm border. Ifa continued succession is required, sow every month during summer, till August, or while the plant can be raised ; generally in small drills, from 3-6 inches asunder. The plants will soon come up; they should remain where sown. In very dry hot weather, water thrice a-week. The shoots may be gathered for use when they are from 2-5 inches in height, and are well furnished with leaves. Cut them off low, and the bottom part will soon sprout out again. When seed is required, leave some of the first open border plants to run; they will give ripe seed in autumn.” Cultivated or Common Purslane. Pl. prostrate or erect. 2 P. parvirotia (Haw. syn. p. 122.) leaves cuneiform, mi- nute, fleshy; stem much branched, prostrate ; flowers sessile, or on long peduncles. @.H. Native of Jamaica. Probably only a variety of P. sativa, but the plant is much smaller, and the leaves are 10-times smaller. Small-leaved Purslane. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1799. Pl. pr. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1582. ** Flowers yellow. Axils of leaves or joints pilose. 3 P. roriòsa (Ker. bot. reg. 793.) stem diffuse; branches erect; leaves subulate; flowers solitary at the tops or in the forks of the branches, surrounded by white hairs and a many- “ leaved involucrum ; petals retuse or a little emarginate. ©. F. Native of Guinea, near Accra. P. Guineénsis, Spreng. There is a plant figured in fl. mex. of Moc. et Sesse, called by them P. stelliformis, a native of Mexico, which is very like this spe- cies. Flowers small, yellow. Leafy Purslane. Fl. June, July. Cit. 1822. Pl. 1 to t ft. 4 P. surrruticésa (Wight, ex Wall. cat. 6842.) shrubby, branched ; leaves linear, nearly terete, glabrous or downy ; flow- ers solitary at the tops of the branches. h. D. S. Native of the East Indies, Flowers surrounded by a whorl of leaves. Suffruticose Purslane. Fl. Ju. Jul. Shrub 1 foot. 5 P. ranverndsa (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 74.) stems procumbent, branched ; leaves terete, obtuse, upper ones in whorles; flowers in clusters of 2-5, surrounded by soft hairs ; petals obovate-spatulate, obtuse. ©, F. Native of South America, on the banks of the Amazon. Style 1; 3-5-cleft at the apex. Petals 4-5, yellow. Woolly Purslane. Pl. pr. 6 P. marcıxa`ra (H. B. et Kunth, l. c. p. 72.) stems rather dichotomous; leaves cuneately spatulate, rounded at the apex, subverticillate, obsoletely veined, margined with red; axils hairy ; flowers 5-7 in each head, involucrated. ©. F. Native near Caraccas, in Venezuela. Said to be allied to P. oleràcea. Flowers yellow. Margined-leaved Purslane. Pl. pr. 7 P. Larvorrea'xa (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 190.) stem suf- fruticose at the base, pilose in the axils of the leaves; leaves lanceolate, flattish, narrowed at the base, acute, longer than the hairs ; flowers crowded at the tops of the branches ; petals ob- 74 cordate, mucronulate, shorter than the calyx. h.S. Native of Brazil, in that part of the province of Minas Geraes called Minas Novas, near Nossa Snzra da Penha. Flowers yellow, surrounded by hairs and crowded leaves. Laruotte’s Purslane. Shrub 4 to 3 foot. 8 P. narmoìes (Lin. spec. 639.) stem erect, diffuse, corym- bose at the apex; leaves oblong, fleshy, crowded about the flowers at the tops of the branches; flowers surrounded by dense villi. ©.F. Native of Jamaica. Sloane, jam. hist. 1. p- 205. t. 129. f. 3. P. Browne, jam. p. 206. Lun. hort. jam. 2. p.108. Petals connected at the base. Stamens 8-10. Style 3-5-parted. Halimum-like Purslane. FÌ. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1823. Pl. 4 ft. 9 P. rusricau us (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 73.) stems ascending, corymbosely branched above ; leaves lanceo- late, acute, nerveless; upper leaves in whorles; axils pilose ; flowers 4-8, crowded into a head. ©. F. Native of South America, in sandy places and on dry mountains on the sea-shore near Laguna. Petals 5, obovate-oblong, emarginate, orange- coloured. Stamens 27-30. Style 6-8-cleft. Said to be allied to P. halimoides. Red-stemmed Purslane. 10 P. urrsutissima (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 121. t. 114.) stem suffruticose at the base, pilose at the axils of the leaves; leaves approximate, oblong-lanceolate, flattish, tapering to both ends, acute, shorter than the hairs ; flowers crowded at the tops of the branches ; petals obcordate, mucronulate, a little longer than the calyx. kh. S. Native of Brazil, in that part of the pro- vince of Minas Geraes called Minas Novas, near Bom-Tim and Nossa Snra da Penha, and also near Tejuco. Flowers yellow, surrounded by a whorl of the upper leaves and axillary hairs. Very hairy Purslane. Shrub 4 to 4 foot. 11 P. mucronata (Link, enum. hort. berol. 2. p. 2.) stem erect; leaves obversely oblong, with a short taper point; floral leaves 8, constituting an involucrum ; axils: pilose; flowers ter- minal, sessile. ©.F. Native country unknown. Mucronate-leaved Purslane. Fl. Ju. Clt, 1822. PI. 4 to 4 ft. 12 P. quapriripa (Lin. mant. p. 78.) stem prostrate ; joints pilose; leaves elliptic-oblong, fleshy, flat; flowers terminal, sessile, quadrifid. ©. H. Native of Egypt, Arabia, and India. Jacq. coll. 2. p. 356. t. 17. f. 2. P. linifòlia, Forsk. descr. p. 92. Illécebrum verticillàtum, Burm. fl. ind. p- 66. Stems red. Flowers small, yellow. Petals 4, rarely 5, joined a little way at the base. Stamens 8, rarely more. Stigmas 4. Var. B, Meridiana (D. C. prod. 3. p. 354.) flowers usually tetrandrous. ©. H. Native of the East Indies. P. Meri- diana, Lin. fil. suppl. p. 248. Nelatsjira, Rheed. mal. 10. t. 31. and Roxb. There is hardly any difference between this and P. quadrifida. Flowers surrounded by wool and 4 leaves, like those of P. quadrifida. Quadrifid-flowered Purslane. in 1791. Pl. prostrate. Pl. ascending 4 foot. FIG, 15. Fl, Aug. Sept. Clt. 1773 ; B * ** Flowers purple ; axils pilose, or perhaps sometimes naked. 13 P. pizdsa (Lin. spec. 639.) stem diffuse ; joints beset with long hairs; leaves alternate, linear-lanceolate, convex on the back, bluish, about equal in length to the axillary hairs; floral leaves in whorles; flowers crowded at the tops of the branches, PORTULACEZ. III. Porruraca. sessile, surrounded by long hairs ; petals ovate, acutish, a little longer than the calyx. ©.F. Native of South America, about Curassoa, in Brazil, Martinico, Jamaica, &c. in sandy places near the sea. Geertn. fruct. 2. p. 212. t. 128. f. 4. Haw. mise, p. 137. Ker. bot. reg. 792.—Wolk. norib. 341. with a figure. Herm. par. 215. Comm. hort. amst. 1. t. 5. Flowers 5- parted, pale purple, expanding from 10-12 o'clock in the morning, if the sun is out. Stamens about 20. Root tuberous. Var. B, setacea (D. C. prod. 3. p. 354.) leaves subulate ; stems erectish. ©.F. Native along with the species. P. setacea, Haw. misc. 159. Herm. par. 214. with a figure. Pluk. phyt, t. 246. f. 6. and 105. f. 4. Flowers purple. Pilose Purslane. Fl. Ju. Clt. 1690. Pl. Ł to 4 foot. 14 P. raxna`ra (Rich. act. soc. hist. nat. par. 1792. p. 109.) stems diffuse; leaves linear-sublanceolate, flat; hairs of the axillæ and joints longer than the leaves; flowers terminal, sur- rounded by hairs and a whorle of leaves. ©. F. Native of Cayenne. Petals red, obcordate. Stamens 15 and more. Per- haps only a variety of P. pilòsa. Woolly Purslane. Pl. 4 to 4 foot. 15 P. prtosisstwa (Hook, bot. misc. 2. p. 221.) plant annual? small; stems branched, decumbent; leaves terete, oblong; — fascicles of hairs twice or thrice longer than the leaves. ©. H. | Native of Peru, at Yazo, in the valley of Canta. The flowers are concealed by long white solitary tufts of hairs, It comes | nearest to the P. lanàta, Rich. Very pilose Purslane. Pl. 4 to 4 foot. | 16 P. umpraricota (H.B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. | 72.) stems branched; axils sparingly pilose; leaves scattered, lanceolate, acute, veiny ; flowers twin? on very short pedun- cles, terminal. ©. F. Native of New Andalusia, near Cu- mana and Bordones. Flowers 5-parted, rose-coloured. Stamens 12. Style 4-cleft. Shaded Purslane. PI. 4 to 3 foot. ag 17 P. rusírra (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) stems branched ; axils naked? leaves scattered, elliptic, nerveless, rounded at both ends ; flowers solitary? almost sessile. ©. F. Native on the Orinoco, among rocks near Maypures, and of Trinidad. Flowers rose-coloured, 4-5-petalled. Stamens 11-14. Style trifid. Small Purslane. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. Pl. 1 to 2m 18 P. Himarrea‘na ; stem trailing, herbaceous, pilose in the axils of the leaves; leaves linear-lanceolate, convex on te back, flat in front, acute, longer than the axillary pili; flowers crowded on the tops of the branches; petals obcordate, much longer than the calyx. ©. F. Native of Brazil, in the province of St. Paul. P. grandiflora, St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 192. but not | os Hook. Flowers purple, surrounded by crowded leaves and airs. St. Hilaire’s Purslane. Pl. 4 to 4 foot. trailing. : | 19 P. Granprr1dRa (Hook, in bot. mag. 2885.) stems diffuse, branched ; leaves scattered, cylindrical, acute, with pilose axils; flowers 3-4 together, terminal, crowded, surrounded by a whorl | of leaves and crowded hairs; petals longer than the calyx; style 8-9-cleft at the apex. Y%.F. Native of Chili. There are varieties of this plant with either purple or yellow large flowers. Root tuberous. Var, a, major ; (Hook, in bot. misc. 3. p. 241.) leaves @® inch or an inch and a half long.—Bot. mag. t. 2885. if Var. P, microphylla (Hook. et Arn. 1. c.) leaves hardly ha an inch long. P. Mendocinénsis, Gill. mss. Both varieties 4! found between Rio Saladillo and Mendoza. | Great-flowered Purslane. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1827. Pl. ! 4 to 3 foot. : Ba 20 P. Grrmæ'su (Hook. bot. mag. 3064.) stems erectishy | branched at the base; leaves oblong-cylindrical, rather com d E pressed, obtuse, dotted ; axillary fascicles of hairs erect, al | f pressed; flowers terminal, usually solitary ; petals longer toe PORTULACEE. the calyx, obovate-roundish. %. G. Native of Chili, in the plains near Mendoza. Plant stout, in proportion to its height. Flowers large, bright reddish purple. Gillies’s Purslane. Pl. 4 to 4 foot. 21 P. reretiroria (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) stems creeping, corymbosely branched; axils rather pilose; leaves scattered, terete, acutish; flowers 3-5 in a heap, sessile, involucrated, and surrounded by hairs. ©. F. Native of South America, on the sandy banks of the river Orinoco and Rio Negro, near Cari- chana, Maypures, San Carlos, &c. Very like P. rubicailis, but differs in the flowers being purple. Stamens 18-24. Terete-leaved Purslane. Pl. creeping. 22 P. AXILLIFIÒRA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 6.) stems procum- bent ; leaves oblong, fleshy, in young plants they are opposite ; flowers solitary, axillary. ©. F. Native country unknown. Meridiana axilliflora, Schrank. bot. zeit. 1804. p. 354, Co- rolla and stamens rose-coloured. Axil-flowered Purslane. Pl. pr. + Species not sufficiently known. 23 P. mprica‘ra (Forsk. descr. 92.) leaves crowded, ovate, acute, flat beneath, and convex above, opposite; joints hairy at the base ; flowers sessile, terminal. ©.H. Native of Arabia. Flowers yellow, large. Surculi as if they were tetragonal, from the leaves being imbricated on them in 4 rows. Imbricate-leaved Purslane. PI. pr. 24 P. Ca’rrra (Thunb. fl. cap. p. 399.) stem weak, branched, glabrous ; leaves linear-oblong, alternate; flowers axillary, pedi- cellate; pedicels bibracteate. ©. F. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla yellow, 6-petalled. Style trifid. Cap- sule probably 2-celled and 2-valved. Caffrarian Purslane. Pl. pr. 25 P. Ara’sica (Forsk. descr. 92. no. 81.) calyx of 4 per- manent sepals.—Native of Arabia. The rest unknown. Arabian Purslane. P1.? 26 P. rra'va (Forst. pl. esc. p.72.). ©. F. Native on the shores of the Society Islands, where it is boiled and eaten by the natives, and called by them 4turi. This plant has not been described, and is probably nothing else but P. oleracea. Yellow-flowered Purslane. PI. pr. 27 P. Wicurta‘'na (Wall. cat. no. 6845.) plant diffuse; leaves small, intermixed with numerous soft leafy stipulas ; flowers ses- sile, terminal, almost hidden by the white bracteas. h.S. Native of the East Indies, at Sadras, in moist sand. A singular species. Wight’s Purslane. Pl. 4 foot. Cult. Being mostly annual plants, growing naturally in sandy soil near the sea, the seeds should be sown in dry warm situa- tions in spring: or it is perhaps better to sow them on a hot- bed in spring, and plant them out towards the end of May into the open border ; or they may be grown in pots and set in the greenhouse or in a frame. IV. GRAHA‘MIA (in honour of Mrs. Maria Graham, a great traveller in South America, particularly in Brazil, Peru, and Chili.) Gill. mss. ex Hook. et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 241. Lin. syst. Icosándria, Monogynia. Calyx of 2 permanent, oblong-lanceolate, mucronate, concave, stiff sepals, propped by 8 or 9 imbricate bracteas, similar to the sepals. Petals 5, obo- vate, mucronulate. Stamens numerous, about 40; filaments filiform, monadelphous at the base; anthers erect, 2-celled. Ovarium oblong, 1-celled. Style filiform, thickened upwards ; stigmas 4, but usually 5, linear. Capsule 1-celled, 5-valved. Seeds numerous, compressed, broadly winged, each fixed by a podosperm to the central axis—A smooth branched shrub, with alternate, terete, oblong, obtuse, fleshy leaves, bearing hairs in the axils. Flowers solitary, terminating short or elongated III. Porruzaca. IV. Granamia. V. ANACAMPSEROS. ea NO branches, with white sepals and petals ; and having the filaments purple at the base, and the anthers and stigmas yellow. 1 G. sractea‘ra (Gill. mss. ex Hook. et Arn. 1l. c. p. 242.). h. D. G. Native of Chili, among bushes, in the Travesia between San Louis and Mendoza, especially near the river Desa- guadero, at the altitude of 1500 feet. Xeranthus salicdsus, Miers. chil. vol. 2. p. 529. Bracteate-flowered Grahamia. Shrub 1 foot. Cult. See Portulacaria for culture and propagation. V. ANACA’MPSEROS (from avaxapyrrw, anacampto, to cause return, and epoc, eros, love; supposed effects). Sims, bot. mag. (1811) no. 1357. D.C. cat. hort. monsp. p. 77. but not of Haw.—Telephidstrum, Dill. elth. p. 376.—Rulingia, Haw. suce. pl. syn. (1812.) p. 124. but not of R. Br.—Portu- laca species of Lin.—Rulingia species of Ehrh.—Talinum spe- cies of Willd.—Portulacee gibbee, Haw. mise. nat. p. 141. Lin. syst. Dodecdéndria, Monogiynia. Calyx of 2 sepals (f. 16. a.); sepals opposite, oblong, rather concrete at the base. Petals 5 (f. 16. b.), very fugacious. Stamens 15-20 (f. 16. d.); filaments distinct, inserted in the bottom of the calyx along with the petals, and adhering a little to them. Style filiform, trifid at the apex (f. 16. d.). Capsule conical, 1-celled, 3-valved (f. 16. ¢.), with the valves cleft longitudinally in the middle, and therefore the capsule appears as if it was 6-valved (f. 16. c). Seeds numerous, winged, fixed to a central placenta.—Very dwarf herbs or subshrubs, natives of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves ovate, fleshy. Axils bearing filamentous subscarious stipulaceous hairs. Bracteas membranous, usually lobed into setaceous segments. Pedicels 1-flowered, elongated, disposed in racemes. Flowers of a rose-purple colour or white, expand- ing only in the heat of the sun. 1 A. TELEPHIA'sTRUM (D. C. 1. c.) leaves ovate, difformed, glabrous ; axillary hairs filamentous, shorter than the leaves ; racemes few-flowered, subpanicled. h. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.—Dill. hort. elth. t. 281. Comm. hort, amst. t. 89. Portulaca Anacdmpseros, Lin. spec. 639. Haw. misc. p. 141. Talinum Anacampseros, Willd. spec. 2. p. 862. D. C. pl. grass. t. 3. Haw. syn. 124. Rulíngia varians, Haw. ex Spreng. Rulingia Anacámpseros, Ehrh. beitr. 3. p. 133. Anacámpseros varians, Sweet. Flowers reddish. Seeds very much winged. Cotyledons in the germinating plant 2, thick, somewhat trigonal, convex beneath, with a very short caulicule. Telephium-like Anacampseros. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1813. Pl. į foot. 2 A. INTERME`DIA ; leaves very numerous and dense, expanded, flat, convex on the outside, retusely deltoid at the apex ; axil- lary threads twisted, brown. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Rulingia intermèdia, Haw. in phil. mag. march 1828. Very like 4. polyphylla, but almost one half smaller, but taller; also like 4. filamentdsa, but broader; the leaves more numerous, more crowded, paler ; and the axillary threads are yellow, not white. Intermediate Anacampseros. Fl. Ju. Jul. Cit. 1824. Pl. 4 ft. 3 A. ARAcHNOIDEs (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1368.) leaves ovate, acuminated, difformed, green, shining, cobwebbed ; axillary hairs filamentous, shorter than the leaves; racemes simple; petals lanceolate. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Por- tulàca arachnoides, Haw. misc. p. 142. Rulingia arachnoides, Haw. syn. p. 125. _Talinum_arachnoides, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 149. Flowers white, hardly with a tinge of purple. Bracteas scarious, jagged. Seeds with a short wing. Cobmebbed Anacampseros. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1790. Pl. 1 to $ foot. i 4 A. ru‘sens (D. C. prod. 3. p. 356.) leaves ovate, acumin- ated, difformed, shining, dark green, somewhat reflexed at the L2 76 apex; axillary hairs shorter than the leaves; racemes simple. h.D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Portulaca rubens, Haw. misc. p. 142. 125. Red Anacampseros. FI. Jul. Sept. 5 A. FILAMENTÒSA (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1367.) leaves ovate- globose, gibbous on both sides, and cobwebbed, rather rugged above; stipulas ramentaceous, longer than the leaves; petals oblong. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in Carro near Hartiquos Kloof. Portu- laca filamentòsa, Haw. misc. p. 142. Rulingia filamentòsa, Haw. syn. p. 125. Talinum filamen- tòsum, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 149. Portulaca stipu- laris, Dyandr. mss. Petals red- dish or deep rose coloured. Filamentose Anacampseros. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1795. Pl. 4 to 1 foot. 6 A. ranceora’ra (D.C. prod. 3. p. 356.) leaves lanceolate, fleshy, glabrous, convex beneath; axillary hairs very long; scape leafy, generally 1-flowered. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Portulaca lanceolata, Haw. syn. p. 126. Stems very short. Calyx reddish. Petals reddish. Seeds almost 3-winged. Lanceolate-leaved Anacampseros. Pl. 4 foot. 7 A. ancustirouia (D. C. prod. 3. p. 356.) leaves fleshy, narrow-lanceolate, expanded; stem short, branched. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Rulingia angustifolia, Hav. rev. p. 60. Very like the preceding species, but smaller. Flowers red. Narrow-leaved Anacampseros. Pl. 4 foot. 8 A. rurE’scens (D. C. 1. c.) leaves crowded, expanded and recurved, ovate, acute or somewhat acuminated, thick, green, usually dark purple beneath. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Rulingia ruféscens, Haw. suppl. pl. succ. p. 64. syn. p.60. This is the largest of all the species. Flowers like those of 4. Telephidstrum. Rufescent Anacampseros. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. Pl. 4 ft. 9 A. rrIcdna (D. C. 1. c.) leaves ovate, trigonal, acute, erect, woolly in the axils and on the stem between the leaves. ).D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in Carro. Burm. afr. p. 79. t. 30. f. 2. Portulaca trigòna, Thunb. fl. cap. p. 399. Petals flesh-coloured, oblong, acute. Trigonal-leaved Anacampseros. Pl. + to $ foot. 10 A. LANTGERA (Burch. cat. geogr. pl. afr. austr. no. 2196.) leaves ovate, obtuse, small, very densely clothed with long wool. hk. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Very like the preceding species. Flowers unknown. Wool-bearing Anacampseros. Pl. + foot. 11 A. porypHy’tta (D.C. 1.c.) h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Rulingia polyphylla, Haw. suppl. 65. syn. 61.—Pluk. phyt. t. 41. f. 6. Many-leaved Anacampseros. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1818. Pl. 4 ft. Cult. The species of this succulent genus of plants grow freely in sandy loam, mixed with some lime rubbish; they re- quire but little water. Cuttings root freely if laid to dry a few days before planting. Leaves taken off close to the plants, and laid to dry a few days, and then planted, will take root and shoot out young plants at their base. Rulingia rùbens, Haw. syn. p. Leaves and peduncles purplish. Flowers red. Clt. 1796. Pl. 4 to4 ft. FIG. 16. Fl, Aug. Sept. Clt. 1796. Fl. July, Aug. Cit. 1820. PORTULACEÆ. V. ANACAMPSEROS. VI. TALINUM. VI. TALI NUM (probably from Sadca, thalia, a green branch; durable verdure). Sims, bot. mag. no. 1357. Haw. syn. p. 123, D. C. prod. 3. p. 356.—Talinum species, Adans. fam. 2. p. 145, Juss. gen. p. 312.—Portulaca species, Lin.—Rulingia species, Ehrh. Lin. syst. Deca-Dodecándria, Monogýnia. Calyx of 2 ovate sepals, deciduous. Petals 5 (f. 17. 6.), hypogynous, or inserted in the bottom of the calyx, distinct or joined a little way at the base. Stamens 10-20, inserted along with the petals, and generally adhering a little to them, and joined together at the base. Style filiform, cleft at the apex into 3 spreading or close stigmas. Stigmas bearing papille inside. Capsule 8-valved, 1-celled, many-seeded. Seeds wingless, kidney-shap- ed, scabrous, fixed to the central placenta.—Fleshy herbaceous, or suffrutescent plants. Leaves alternate, quite entire, exstipu- late. Flowers very fugaceous, expanding only in the heat of the sun, cymose or racemose. Cymes or racemes usually form- ing terminal panicles. Secr. I. Puemera’ntuvs (from gyn, pheme, fame, and avðoç, anthos, a flower ; inreference to the beauty of the flowers). Rafin. speech. 1. p. 86. D. C. prod. 3. p. 356.—Talinum, Pursh, and Nutt. Stigmas 3, close together, and appearing like a simple stigma. Flowers disposed in dichotomous corymbose cymes.—Perennial herbs, natives of North America. 1 T. rererirétium (Pursh. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 365.) root | fibrous; cauline leaves terete, subulate, fleshy, cyme terminal, dichotomous, corymbose ; stamens 20. sun. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 819. Phemeranthus teretif dlius, Rafin. speech. p. 86. Talinum trichétomum, Desf. hort. par.—Pluk. alm. t. 223. f.2. Flowers of a rose purple-colour. Root tuft- ed, fibrous. Terete-leaved Talinum. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. 4 foot. 2 T. warirorme (D. C. prod. 3. p. 357.) root tuberous; radical leaves terete, fleshy; cymes terminal, dichotomous, corymbose ; stamens 5, alternating with the petals. %. F. Na- tive of Mexico. Claytònia tuberòsa, Moc. et Sesse, fl, mex icon. ined. Root tuberous, turnip-formed. Stems numerous from the neck of the tuber, almost leafless at the base, but cy- mose and dichotomous at the apex. Flowers white. This species from habit and inflorescence agrees with the preceding, but dif- fers materially in having only 5 stamens, and a tuberous root. It is not a Claytdnia, in consequence of the stamens ale with the petals, not opposite them; nor a Calandrinia from thé calyx not being deciduous. Turnip-formed-rooted Talinum. PI. 4 to 1 foot. Szcr. II. Tatina’strvm (an alteration from Talinum). D. C. prod. 3. p. 357.—Talìnum, Sims and Haw. Style filiform. Stigmas 3, distinct, spreading. Ovarium globose (f. 17. © Leaves flat, rather fleshy. Stems suffrutescent, fleshy, erect. 3 T. crassiròLIuM (Willd. spec. FIG. 17 2. p. 862.) stem shrubby, erect; leaves flat, obovate-lanceolate, mu- cronate; flowers disposed in an elongated panicled corymb; pe- duncles triquetrous. h .D.S. Native country unknown, but probably of the West Indies. Haw. syn. p. 123. Portulàca crassifòlia, Jacq. hort. vind. 3. t. 52. Haw. misc. p. 140. T. paniculàtum, Moench. meth. p. 232. but not of Gærtn. nor Ruiz et Pav. Flowers red. Var. B, albiflòrum (D. C. prod. 4%. F. Native of Vir- | ginia, Louisiana, and Delaware, among rocks exposed to the PORTULACEZR. VI. Tarum. 3. p. 357.) flowers white. h . D.G. Native of South America, by the sea side. Comm. hort. 1. p.7.t.4. Portulaca fruticésa, Murr. syst. veg. but not of Thunb. Portulaca paniculata, Lin. spec. 2. p. 640. Talinum fruticdsum, Willd. spec. 2. p. 864. The calyx is said to be of 5 sepals, but this assertion we suspect to be erroneous. Thick-leaved Talinum. FI. Aug. Sept. Clt.1800. Sh.1 ft. 4 T. rriancuLa‘re (Willd. spec. 2. p. 862.) stem shrubby, erect; leaves flat, channelled, wedge-shaped, emarginate, mu- cronate ; racemes simple ; rachis triquetrous. h.D.S. Na- tive of the Antilles, on the seashore. Plum. ed. Burm. t. 150. f.2. Portulaca racemdsa, Lin. spec. 640. Haw. misc. p. 139. Portulaca triangularis, Jacq. obs. 1. p. 35. t. 23. Rulingia tri- angularis, Ehrh. beitr. 3. p. 134. Flowers yellow, size of those of the preceding species. Triangular Talinum. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1739. Pl. 3 ft. 5 T. pa‘rens (Willd. spec. 2. p. 863. var. a.) stem suffruti- cose, erect ; leaves flat, glabrous, lower ones obovate, obtuse, upper ones lanceolate, acute; panicle terminal ; peduncles alter- nate, dichotomous, bractless; petals oblong, acutish, 3 times longer than the calyx. kh. D. S. Native of Martinico, St. omingo, Mexico, New Granada, and Brazil, on rocks by the sea side; also of Buenos Ayres. Portulaca paniculata, Jacq. amer. p. 148. Portul. patens, Jacq. hort. vind. 2. t. 151. Ru- lingia patens, Ehrh. beitr. 3. p. 125. T. paniculatum, Geertn. fr. 2. p. 219. t. 128. but not of Moench. nor of Ruiz et Pav. Flowers small, red, 3 lines in diameter. The leaves of the plant are used in the same manner as common purslane in Brazil. Spreading-panicled Talinum. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1776. Sh. 1 to 2 feet. 6 T. Anpre‘wstr (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 170.). stem suffruti- cose, erect; leaves glabrous, ovate-lanceolate, sessile; panicle branched, terminal ; petals oblong, obtuse. h. D. S. Native of the West Indies. T. patens, Andr. bot. rep. t. 253. Flowers large, red. Andren’s Talinum. FI. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1800. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 7 T. revie’xum (Cav. icon. 1. p. 1. t. 1.) stem suffruticose, erect; leaves flat, lanceolate or oval, obtuse, usually opposite ; panicle terminal; peduncles usually opposite, dichotomous, bractless. g. D. S. Native of South America. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1543. Haw. syn. p. 124. Portulaca refléxa, Haw. mise. - 141. T. patens 8, Willd. spec. 2. p. 863. T. dichotomum, uiz et Pav. syst. fl. per. p. 118. This species is very nearly allied to T. patens, but differs in the flowers being yellow, not ay or purple, as in that plant, and the plant is probably bien- al. Reflexed Talinum. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1800. PI. 1 foot. 8 T. cunzirdtium (Willd. spec. 2. p. 864.) stem shrubby, erect ; leaves flat, wedge-shaped, obtuse, mucronate ; panicle terminal ; lower peduncles 3-flowered. h. D. G. Native of Arabia Felix, about Surdud and Hadie ; and also of the East In- dies. Portulaca cuneifdlia, Vahl. symb. 1. p. 333. Origia portu- oa Forsk. descript. p. 103. Flowers of a reddish violet- our. Wedge-leaved Talinum. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Sh. 13 ft. : T. POLYGALOÌÙDES (Gill. mss. ex Arnott, in Cheek, edinb. Journ, vol, 3. p. 354.) stem shrubby, erect, branched a little ; branches striated, angular ; leaves flat, linear, mucronate (when y very narrow, with revolute edges); peduncles bibracteate at the base, when bearing the fruit deflexed, axillary, emulating a simple raceme. h. D.G. Native of Chili, in the Jarillal, and along the foot of the mountains near Mendoza, at an elevation of 3000 to 4000 feet above the sea. Flowers about a fourth of an inch in diameter, yellow, fading to red. The stem appears not to be at all fleshy, according to the dried specimens. Polygala-like Talinum. Pl. 4 to 4 foot. VII. Lewisia. 17 Secr. III. Taxine’txum (a diminutive of Talinum). D. C. prod. 3. p. 358.—Talinum, Ruiz et Pav. syst. fl. per. p. 65. Style thick. Stigmas 3, thick, flattish.—Generally annual herbs; and probably should have been joined with the genus Calandrinia. 10 T. revoLv rum (H.B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 76.) stem erect, simple; leaves glabrous, lanceolate, obtuse, nar- rowed at the base, with revolute margins; peduncles terminal, somewhat dichotomous, few-flowered; petals awned, glandular towards the base. ©.F. Native of South America, in shady places near Cumana. Flowers yellow. Stamens about 48. Fruit unknown. Revolute-leaved Talinum. Pl. foot. - 11 T. mucrona‘tum (H.B. et Kunth, l. c.) stems erectish ; leaves glabrous, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, somewhat mucronate, cuneated, and narrowed at the base; peduncles ter- minal, 2-3-cleft, many-flowered ; flowers racemose; petals mu- cronate. ©. D. F. Native of New Andalusia, near Bor- dones, in shady humid places. Petals yellow, length of calyx. Stamens about 50. Mucronate-leaved Talinum. PI. 4 to = foot. 12 T. rorya’nprum (Ruiz et Pav. syst. fl. per. p. 115.) leaves roundish-obovate, acuminated ; flowers racemose, polyandrous ; petals obcordate, quite entire. ©. F. Native of Peru, on the hills called Lomas towards Pongo. Herb a foot high, noxious to cattle. The rest unknown. Polyandrous Talinum. PI. 1 foot. 13 T. crena‘rum (Ruiz et Pav. l. c.) leaves roundish-ob- ovate, acuminated; flowers racemose; petals crenulated ; sta- mens about 20.—Native of South America, on hills about Pongo in the province of Atiquipa. Herb a foot high, and is called by the natives Langua de Vaca, as well as the preceding plant. The rest unknown. Crenated-petalled Talinum. PI. 1 foot. 14 T. Menzies (Hook. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 223. t. 70.) caulescent; leaves linear-spatulate : lower ones on long petioles; margins naked : superior ones and sepals acutely keeled, glan- dularly ciliated on the back ; flowers pedunculate, axillary. ©. H. Native of the north-west coast of America, south of Co- lumbia. The habit is that of a species of Talìnum, without hav- ing seen the flowers; it may, however, when better examined turn out to be a species of Calandrinia. Root annual, rather fusiform. Menzies’s Talinum. PI. 4 foot. Cult, Pretty succulent plants, most of which require the heat of a stove; a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, or any light soil will suit them ; and cuttings of them are very readily rooted. The seeds of the annual species may be reared on a hot-bed, and afterwards planted out in the open border about the end of May. ` VII. LEWI'SIA (in honour of Captain M. Lewis, who accom- panied Captain Clarke to the Rocky Mountains of North Ame- rica). Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 368. Hook. in bot mise. 1. p. 345. t. 70. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 223. Lin. syst. Dodecdéndria, Monogijnia. Calyx of 5 sepals; sepals rather membranous. Petals 9-12, inner ones gradually the smallest. Stamens 12-16, hypogynous; anthers linear. Ovarium globose. Ovula many, fixed to a free central recep- tacle. Style deeply 6-parted: segments filiform ; stigmas ob- tuse.—Plant herbaceous, stemless. Roots fascicled. Leaves terete, fleshy. Scapes 1-flowered. 1 L. repiviva (Pursh. 1. c. Hook. 1. c.) ¥. H. North America. Var. a; root blood-coloured ; flowers white. banks of Clarke’s river. Native of Native on the 78 PORTULACEA., Var. B; root white; flowers rose-coloured. Native of the subalpine regions of the Rocky Mountains, on the west side, and abundant at the junction of the Spokan river with the Columbia, on dry stony rocks; also of the Flathead and Salmon rivers, in similar situations. The roots of this variety are gathered in great quantities by the Indians on the west side of the Rocky Mountains, and highly valued on account of their nutritive quali- ties. ‘They are boiled and eaten as salep or arrow-root, and are admirably calculated for carrying on long journeys ; two or three ounces a day being quite sufficient for a man, even while under- going great fatigue. Perfect flowers of the plant have not yet been seen by any botanist, and therefore the genus is not well known; and probably may hereafter verge into Talinum, Revived Lewisia. Clt. 1826. Pl. 4 foot. j Cult. A mixture of loam and brick-rubbish will be a good soil for this plant; and it may be propagated by dividing the plant at the root, by cuttings, or by seeds. VIII. CALANDRI'NIA (in honour of L. Calandrini, an Ita- lian botanist, who lived in the beginning of the 18th century). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 77. D. C. prod. 3. p. 358.—Cósmia, Domb. mss. Juss. gen. 312.—Geúnsia, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined.—Phacospérma, Haw. in phil. jour. 1827. p. 124. Lin. syst. Dodecándria, Monoginia. Calyx permanent, bi- partite (f. 18. a.); sepals roundish-ovate. Petals 3-5 (f. 18. b.), hypogynous, or inserted in the bottom of the calyx, distinct or connected together at the very base, equal. Stamens 4-15, in- serted in the torus or base of the petals, distinct, generally alter- nating with the petals. Style 1, very short, tripartite at the apex ; lobes collected into a clavately capitate stigma (f. 18. c.). Capsule oblong-elliptic, 1-celled, 3-valved, many-seeded. Seeds adhering by capillary funicles to the central placenta.—Succu- lent or fleshy glabrous American herbs, having the habit of Sá- molus. Leaves quite entire, radical or alternate. Pedicels 1- flowered, axillary or opposite the leaves. This genus hardly differs from Talinum, as far as its characters are yet known. * Stamens 10-15. 1 C. pantcuna’ra (D. C. prod. 3. p. 358.) plant caulescent, branched ;_ leaves obovate-oblong, acuminated; flowers pa- nicled ; pedicels 5 times longer than the bracteas. ©.F. Na- tive of Peru, in the province of Chancay, commonly called Lo- mas, on sandy hills ; and in the province of Atiquipa, at Pango, where the plant grows a foot high, and is called there Orejas de Perro and Castannuelas. Talinum paniculatum, Ruiz et Pav. syst. fl. per. p. 115. Portulaca carndsa, Domb. herb. Leaves glabrous, fleshy. Stem erect, paniculately branched at the apex. Sepals 2, ovate, permanent. Stamens 10-15, Capsule 3-valved, length of the calyx. Flowers purple. Panicled Calandrinia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. Pl. 1 foot. 2 C. trncura‘ra (D.C. 1. c.) plant caulescent, and branched from the base ; leaves linear, tongue-shaped ; flowers panicled. ©. F. Native of Peru, at Chancay near Jequan, in sandy places. Talinum lingulatum, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. p. 115. Por- tulaca linearis, Domb. Sepals 2, ovate, permanent. Stamens 10-15, Capsule 3-valved, shorter than the sepals. Tongue-leaved Calandrinia. Pl. 1 foot. 3 C. cistirLora (Gill. mss. ex Arnott, in Cheek, edinb. jour. 3. p. 355.) glabrous; stem ascending, suffruticose; branches leafy at the base, and nearly naked towards the apex ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acutish; raceme terminal, few-flowered ; pe- dicels elongated; bracteas minute, foliaceous: sepals ovate, acute; stamens numerous. h.D. G. Native on the Andes of Mendoza and Chili, in many places at an elevation above the sea, from 9,000 to 10,000 feet. The flowers are pretty large, and purple, It ranks near C. linguldta, VIII. CALANDRINIA, Rock-rose-flowered Calandrinia. Pl. ascending. 4 C. arrinis (Gill. mss. ex Arnott, in Cheek, edinb. journ. 3, p. 355.) plant glabrous and stemless ; leaves elongated, linear, obtuse, attenuated into the petiole ; indurated bases of petioles imbricated and dilated; peduncles radical, 1-flowered, naked, one-half shorter than the leaves. X4. D. G. Native on the Andes of Chili, at El Serro de San Pedro Nolasco. This species is Closely allied to C. acaúlis, but differs in the flowers having numerous stamens. Allied Calandrinia. Pl. + foot. 5 C. caprra‘ta (Hook. et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 244.) root annual; stems erectish, smooth, and nearly simple; leaves linear, smoothish, ciliated; racemes capitate, many flowered, terminal, and axillary, pedunculate ; flowers nearly sessile ; see pals roundish, tridentate at the apex, beset with long pili on the back. ©. F. Native on the Cordillera of Chili, and near Collina. Capitate-flowered Calandrinia. PI. 4 foot. 6 C. ramosissima (Hook. et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 244.) root annual; stems many from the same neck, leafy, branched ; axillary branches horizontal ; leaves linear, pilose, ciliated with long hairs at the base; racemes short, few-flowered ; sepals roundish, truncate, bluntly tridentate at the apex, and beset with long pili on the back. ©.F. Native of Chili, about Valpa raiso. Much-branched Calandrinia. PI. 4 to 1 foot. 7 C. Cuminem (Hook. et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 244.) root slender, annual ; stems many from the same root, procumbent, leafy, dichotomously branched ; leaves linear, attenuated at the base, beset with adpressed hairs; racemes few-flowered, termi- nal; sepals roundish, tridentate at the apex, pilose on the back. ©.F. Native of Chili, about Valparaiso; and on the Cordil- lera of Chili. The upper part of the stems, racemes, and calyxes are beset with glandular viscid hairs. The whole plant has a purplish hue. In character this species approaches near to C. | ramosissima, but in habit they are very distinct. Cuming’s Calandrinia. Pl. procumbent. 8 C. umBELLA‘TA (D. C. prod. 3. p. 358.) stem erectish, nearly naked; leaves radical, linear, acute, pilose ; corymb cy- mose, terminal, many-flowered ; bracteas ciliated. ©. F. Na tive of Chili, at Conception in sandy places. Talinum umbel- latum, Ruiz et Pav. syst. fl. per. p. 117. Portulaca prostrata, Domb. herb. Sepals nearly, orbicular, permanent. Stamens 10-15. Ovarium prismatically conical, tapering a long way: Habit almost of a species of Andrésace. Umbellate-flowered Calandrinia. PI. 4 foot. 9 C. rrcra (Gill. mss. ex Arn. in Cheek, edinb. journ. 3. p 356.) plant caulescent, sparingly branched, perennial, glabrous; leaves obovately spatulate, attenuated into the petiole at the | base, glaucous ; corymb cymose, terminal; pedicels much ex- ceeding the bracteas, which are roundish, membranous, Be: edged with purple; sepals roundish, reticulated by purple: stamens numerous. %. D.G. Native on the Andes of Men doza, in many places at the elevation of 10,000 feet above the sea. This is one of the most beautiful of the species ; and at- cording to habit comes near C. glaúca, but differs in the stamens being numerous. Painted Calandrinia. Pl. 1 foot. ; 10 C. arena ria (Cham. mss. ex Hook. et Arn. in bot. mist 3. p. 246.) plant glaucous; stems numerous, prostrate, glabrous, leafy ; leaves linear ; common peduncle terminal, naked, simple | or branched; racemes corymbose ; pedicels a little longer than the bracteas; bracteas oval, membranous, painted by a purple branched middle nerve ; seeds glabrous. ©.? F. m tive of Chili, about Valparaiso. Closely allied to C. picta, Gill. but very distinct from it. PORTULACEZ. VIII. CALANDRINIA. 79 Sand Calandrinia. Pl. prostrate. 11 C. rinzarivorta (D. C. prod. 3. p. 359.) stem ascending, a little branched at the base; branches erect, radical and eauline leaves linear, glabrous, bluntish; corymb terminal, a little branched ; calyx glandular. 2/.D.G. Native of South Ame- rica. Perhaps the same as Talinum lineare, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 77. which is found in the arid valleys of Mexico. Linear-leaved Calandrinia. Pl. ascending. 12 C. pitosiu’scuta (D. C. 1. c.) stems erectish, angular, rather pilose; leaves linear-spatulate, rather pilose ; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, rather adnate to the floral leaves, consti- tuting a terminal or subterminal panicle. ©. F. Native of Chili, about Conception. Lindl. in hort. trans. 6. PETAEN PERS ae ciliàtum, Hook. exot. fl. 1. t. 82. but not of Ruiz et Pav. Tal- num lineàre, Hoffm. verz. 1827. p. 217. Flowers rose-coloured. Stigmas 3, rose-coloured, nearly as in Papàver, having the styles radiating at the apex. Stamens 10-15, not 5, as in Talinum ciliàtum of Ruiz et Pav. Hairy Calandrinia. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1823. Pl. 4 to 1 foot. 13 C. serrcra (Hook. et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 244.) root perennial, woody, with a multiple neck; stems erectish, very leafy at the base; leaves linear, acute or subulate, clothed with silky hairs; raceme few-flowered, corymbose ; upper pedicels hardly equal in length to the bracteas 3 sepals ovate, tridentate at the apex, clothed with long silky villi; stamens numerous. %. D.G. Native of Chili. Var. a, longipes (Hook. et Arn. 1. c.) lower pedicel elon- gated, slender, much longer than the rest and the bractea. On Te Bella Vista, and Acancugua; and on the Cordillera of ili. : Var. B, ce quipes (Hook. et Arn. 1. c.) pedicels all nearly equal. Near Collina and Questa. In both varieties the leaves vary much in length, from 1 to 2 or even 3 inches. Silky Calandrinia. Pl. 1 foot. 14 C. rewn’tra (Hook. et Arn. in Beech. bot. p. 24.) stems ascending, branched at the base ; leaves narrow-linear, glabrous ; racemes terminal, branched ; sepals glabrous, triangular, cor- date, acuminated. ©.? G. Native of Chili, at Valparaiso. Very closely allied to C. pilositscula, but differs from it in being quite glabrous and in its smaller size. This is said to be only ` Iy of C. pilosiúscula. Hook. et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. Weak Calandrinia. Pl. ascending. 15 C. pHacospe’rMa (D. C. 1. c.) stems weak, somewhat hex- agonal; leaves linear-lanceolate, hispid on the margins; flowers racemose, $.F. Native of Peru. Phacospérma Peruviana, aw. in phil. journ. 1827. p. 124. Tetragònia Peruviana, hort. helsea, ex Haw. Flowers reddish. Peduncles erect, shorter than the foliaceous bractea. Sepals quadrangular, curled. Stigma 6-lobed. Lentil-seeded Calandrinia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 to 8 feet, * * Stamens from 1 to 9. 16 C. cauze'scens (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 78. t. 526.) plant caulescent and branched ; leaves alternate, Spatulately lanceolate, acute ; pedicels axillary and opposite the eaves, 1-flowered, bractless. ©. F. Native of Quito, near Chillo, and near the city of Mexico. Geúnsia ròsea, Moc. et esse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Talinum cauléscens, Spreng. syst. 1. P- 453. Césmia montana, Domb. herb. Stem diffuse or pro- cumbent. Flowers rose-coloured. Caulescent Calandrinia. Pl. pr. + PROcU'MBENs (Moris. hort. taur, sem. 1831.) glabrous, caulescent, filiform, procumbent, branched ; leaves succulent, 8 linear, obtuse, alternate; pedicels axillary, and opposite the leaves; sepals triangular; flowers triandrous or hexandrous ; capsule 3-celled. ©. H. Native of South America. This species differs from C. compréssa of Schrad. in being glabrous, in the stems being procumbent, in the stamens being 3-6, and in the sepals not being cordate at the base, &c. Procumbent Calandrinia. Pl. pr. 18 C. compre’ssa (Schrad. in litt. ex D.C. 1. c.) plant cau- lescent and succulent ; leaves linear, ciliated ; flowers racemose ; calyx compressed ; sepals triangular, cordate, unequal, acumin- ated. ©. F. Native of Chili. Plant a span high, erect, simple, or somewhat divided, with short hairs on the peduncles and calyxes. Leaves obtuse, marked with a longitudinal line above, somewhat keeled beneath: radical ones 14 or 2 inches long. Pedicels an inch anda half long. Flowers small, purple. Stamens 3-4. Capsule 3-4-valved. Schrad. mss. Var. B, adscéndens (D.C. 1. c.) plant smaller ; stem ascending. Talinum adscéndens, Hort. berol. Compressed-calyxed Calandrinia. PI. 4 foot. 19 C. penticuza‘ra (Gill. mss. ex Hook. et Arn. in bot. mise. 3. p. 243.) plant glabrous; stem suflruticose, leafy ; leaves lanceolate, acute, attenuated at the base ; raceme terminal, 1-3 or few-flowered; pedicels elongated; sepals roundish-oyate, with denticulately-serrated margins. h. D. G. Native of Chili, along with C. andicola. ‘The lower part of the stem is much branched. Denticulated-calyxed Calandrinia. Shrub 1 foot? 20 C. anvicoxa (Gill. mss. ex Hook. et Arn. in bot. mise. 3. p- 242.) plant wholly glabrous ; stem suffruticose, leafy towards the apex: leaves cuneate-oblong, acute, attenuated at the base ; raceme terminal, 1-3 or few-flowered; pedicels elongated ; sepals roundish, hardly mucronulate at the apex, with quite en- tire margins ; petals a little longer than the calyx ; flowers with few stamens. h.D.G. Native of Chili, on the eastern side of the Cumbre, and at El Alto de la Laguna. Closely allied to C. cistiflora, but apparently quite distinct. From C, denticulata it can only be distinguished by the entire margins of the sepals. Andes Calandrinia. Pl. 4 to 1 foot. 21 C. acav‘ris (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) plant stemless ; leaves elongated, linear, obtuse ; peduncles radical, 1-flowered, bibrac- teate in the middle, one half shorter than the leaves. X4. D.G. Native of Quito, on Mount Rucu-Pichincha, in humid places. Césmia prostrata, Domb. herb. Stemless Calandrinia. Pl. 4 foot. 22 C. rrirma (Hook. et Arn. in bot. misc. 3, p. 243.) root annual, slender; stems erectish, simple, rather leafy, pilose ; leaves linear, acute, pilose; radical ones elongated ; upper cau- line ones edged with long hairs, embracing a few flowers in their axils; raceme corymbose, dense, terminal; bracteas ciliated with long hairs: lower ones exceeding the racemes; sepals ovate, trifid at the apex, with a few hairs on the back, but more numerous on the margins; stamens 5. ©. H. Native of Chili, about Valparaiso. This and C. Gilliésii and C. sericea seem closely allied to C. umbellata. Trifid-bractead Calandrinia. Pl. 4 foot. 23 C. Gitue'su (Hook. et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 243.) root perennial, woody, with a multiple neck ; stems erectish, simple, very leafy at the base, but sparingly so at the apex ; leaves ob- long-linear, beset with adpressed hairs; raceme corymbose ; lower bracteas hardly equal in length to the pedicels; sepals ovate, somewhat tridentate at the apex, and beset with long pili on the back; stamens 5. 4%. D.G. Native of the Andes, of Mendoza, and Chili; Cordillera of Chili; and Los Ojos de Aqua, C. umbellata, Gill. mss. Gillies’s Calandrinia., Pl. 4 foot. ae 24 C. pirru'sa (Gill. mss. ex Arnott, in Cheek, edinb. journ. 80 PORTULACEZ. VIII. CALANDRINIA. 3. p. 355.) plant caulescent, glabrous, diffuse ; branches leafy at the base and nakedish at the top, 1-2-flowered ; leaves spatu- late-lanceolate, acute, quite entire; flowers terminal ; sepals or- bicular, quite entire. h.D.G. Native of the Andes of Chili, near E] Paso de los Peuquenes, at an elevation above the sea of 10,000 feet. The number of stamens in the flowers of this species has not been determined. Diffuse Calandrina. Pl. 1 foot. 25 C. crav'ca (Schrad. in litt. ex D.C. 1. c.) plant caules- cent, glabrous ; leaves spatulate-lanceolate, acute, fleshy, glau- cous ; racemes few-flowered; fruit-bearing peduncles, 14 inch long, reflexed ; bracteas ovate, acute, membranous, and spotted with purple. 2%. D. G. Native of Chili. Stem a foot high. Leaves an inch and a half long, thick, tapering into the petioles. Flowers a little larger than those of C. compréssa. Sepals broadly ovate, purple, concave, reticulated with black. Capsule larger than the calyx, 3-valved. (Schrad. mss.) Glaucous Calandrinia. Pl. 1 foot. 26 C. conre’rta (Gill. mss. ex Arnott, in Cheek, edinb. journ. 3. p. 356.) plant caulescent, perennial, glabrous; branches numerous from the neck of the root, simple, leafy at the base, nakedish towards the apex; leaves narrowly spatulate, glau- cous; racemes crowded, terminal; pedicels hardly longer than the bracteas; sepals broadly ovate ; flowers with few stamens, 3-4. 4%.D.G. Native on the Andes of Mendoza, at El Por- tezuela del Valle Hermosa. Crowded racemed Calandrinia. Pl. 1 foot. 27 C. cmspitésa (Gill. mss. ex Arnott, in Cheek, edinb. journ. 3. p. 356.) plant tufted, stemless ; leaves linear-spatulate ; pe- duncles radical, 1-flowered, naked, 3-times longer than the leaves ; sepals broadly ovate; flowers with few stamens ; stig- mas 4-5 ; capsule 4-5-valved. %. D. G. Native on the Andes of Mendoza and Chili, and many places, at the elevation above the sea of from 9000 to 11,000 feet. Tufted Calandrinia. Fl. Mar. April. 28 C. GRANDIFIÒRA (Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1194.) plant glau- cous ; stem suffruticose; leaves fleshy, rhomboid, acute, petio- late; raceme simple, loose; ca- lyx spotted ; stamens numerous; petals obcordate. 2/. D. G. Na- tive of Chili. Flower of a rose- purple colour. (f. 18.) Great-flowered Calandrinia. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clit. 1826. Pl. 1 ft. 29 C. cara (D. C. 1. c.) leaves linear-oblong, ciliated ; flowers solitary, always pentan- drous. ©. F. Native of Peru, at Huassa-Huassi, among rub- bish and in cultivated fields. Ta- lìnum ciliàtum, Ruiz et Pav. syst. p. 116. prod. p. 65. but not of Hook. Flowers purple. Ciliated-leaved Calandrinia. Pl. 4 foot. 30 C.? arga (D. C. prod. 3. p. 359.) leaves spatulate-lan- ceolate ; flowers axillary, solitary, pentandrous. ©.? F. Na- tive of Peru, about Chancay and Lima, among rocks. Herb a foot high. Talìnum álbum. Ruiz et Pav. l. c. Flowers white. White-flowered Calandrinia. Pl. 1 foot. 31 C. wirpa (D.C.1. c.) stems ascending, glabrous, leafy ; leaves oblong-spatulate, acutish, glabrous, attenuated at the base; peduncles axillary, solitary, shorter than the leaves; sepals roundish, obtuse, pilose on the backs; stamens 1-9, ©. F. Native of Chili, in fields and waste places, at Concep- tion, in the tract of Hualpen and Moquita; also about Valparaiso Pl. tufted. FIG. 18. IX. Portutacaria. X. UrLucus. XI. CLAYTONIA. and Quillota. et Pay. 1. c: Nitid Calandrinia. Pl. 4 foot. 32 C. moxna'npra (D. C. 1. c.) leaves spatulate-lanceolate ; flowers in spikes, secund, monandrous. ©.? F. Native of Chili, on arid hills about Conception, near the river Andalien. Talinum monándrum, Ruiz et Pav. l. c. Herb a hand anda half high. Monandrous Calandrinia. Pl. 3 foot. Cult. Calandrinia is a fine genus of succulent plants ; their culture and propagation are the same as that recommended for the species of Talinum, p. 77. The seeds of annual species may be sown in a hot-bed in spring, and the plants planted out into the open border, in a dry sheltered situation, about the end of May. Herb half a foot high. Talinum nitidum, Ruiz IX. PORTULACA'RIA (altered from Portulaca). Jacq coll. 1. p. 160. D.C. prod. 3. p. 360.—He'nkea, Salisb. prod, p- 174.—Anacampseros species, Lin. hort. cliff. Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 2 permanent membranous sepals. Petals 5, permanent, equal, obovate, hy- pogynous. Stamens 5, inserted with the petals, but disposed without any respect to the number of petals, hence there are probably 10, 5 of which are abortive; anthers short, usually barren. Ovarium ovate-triquetrous. Style wanting ; stigmas 8, spreading, muricated with glands on the upper side. Fruit triquetrous, winged, indehiscent, 1-seeded.—A_ glabrous shrub, nativeof Africa. Leaves opposite, roundish-obovate, flat, fleshy. Peduncles opposite, denticulated, compressed ; pedicels 1-flow- ered, 3 rising from each notch in the peduncle. Flowers small, rose-coloured. Fabric of seeds unknown. | 1 P. A’rra (Jacq. l. c. t. 22.), h. G. Native of the South of Africa. D.C. pl. grass. t. 132. Claytònia Portulacària, Lin. mant. p. 211. Lam. ill. t. 144. f. 2. Crássula Portulacària, Lin. spec. p. 406. Hæ'nkea crassifòlia, Salisb. prod. 174. Por- tulàca fruticòsa, Thunb. fl. cap. p. 399. exclusive of the syno- nyms.—Dill. hort. elth. 1. t. 101. f. 120. The plant seldom flowers in the gardens: at Genoa in the garden of Grimaldi. African Purslane-tree. Clt. 1732. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. Cult. This plant will grow in any dry light soil; and young cuttings will root readily in sand under a hand-glass. X. U'LLUCUS (Ulluco or Melloco is the name of the plant in Quito). Lozano, in senan. nuov. gran. 1809. p. 185. D.G. prod. 3. p. 360. 7 Lin. syst. Pentándria, Monogýnia. Calyx of 2 opposites roundish, concave, pellucid, coloured, deciduous sepals. Petals - 5, longer than the calyx, cordate, attenuated at the apex, COM | nected at the base into a short tube. Stamens 5 ; filaments Very _ short, erect; anthers 2-celled, erect. Ovarium sub-globos® Style filiform, length of stamens; stigma simple. Capsule 1 celled. Seed one, oblong.—Herb smooth. Root tuberous Stem branched, angular. Leaves alternate, cordate, quite enti" thick, petiolate. Flowers disposed in a terminal, simple, droop- ing raceme. Pedicels furnished with very short bracteas. h 1 U. ruserdsus (Loz. l. c). %.D.G. Native of Sout America, in the province of Quito, growing in gardens, where č is called Ulluco or Melloco, The root is mucilaginous and eat able. Tuberous-rooted Ullucus. Pl. 1 foot. t Cult. For the culture and propagation of this succulent plan see Anacdmpseros, p. 76. XI. CLAYTO'NIA (in honour of John Clayton, who col- | lected plants, mostly in Virginia, and sent them to Gronon | who published them in his Flora Virginica). Lin. gen. 281 | PORTULACEZ. XI. Craytonta. 81 Juss. gen. 314. Lam. ill. t. 144. Gaertn. fr. 2. p. 220. t. 129. St. Hil. mem. mus. 2. p. 197. t. 4. f. 15.—Limnia, Lin. act. ups. 1746. p. 180.—Claytonia and Limnia, Haw. syn. p. 11. Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 2 oval, op- posite, permanent sepals (f. 20. a. f. 19. b.). Petals 5, obcor- date (f. 20. b.), or obovate (f. 19. a.), hypogynous, equal, un- guiculate ; claws connate at the base. Stamens 5 (f. 20. b.), inserted at the claws of the petals. Ovarium sessile. Style 1, trifid at the apex; lobes stigmatose inside. Capsule 1-celled, 3-valved, 3-seeded. Seeds sessile-—Herbs glabrous, rather succulent, usually perennial. Leaves quite entire: radical ones petiolate; upper usually opposite and sessile, and sometimes con- nate. Racemes terminal. Flowers white or rose-coloured. § 1. Scape with 2 opposite leaves, which are sometimes con- nate, * Roots fibrous, annual. 1 C. perrorta‘ra (Donn, hort. cant. p. 25.) leaves without nerves: upper ones connate or perfoliate, forming a roundish disk; radical leaves petiolate, oval-rhomboid ; lower pedicels of raceme in bundles ; petals entire or somewhat emarginate. ©. H: Native of Mexico, on the mountains of St. Augustin ; and on the rocky mountains in North America; also of Cuba, if C. Cubénsis, Bonpl. ann. mus. 7. p- 82. t. 6. pl. equin. t. 26. be the same.—Sims, bot. mag. 1336. Límnia perfoliàta, Haw. syn. p. 12. Flowers small, white. Root fibrous. Leaves edible, and used like those of the Purslane. Perfoliate Claytonia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1794. Pl. 4 to 4 ft. 2 C. ALSINOÌDES (Sims, bot. mag. 1309.) root fibrous ; leaves reticulately veined, rhomboid, acute; upper leaves opposite, sessile, ovate, mucronate: radical ones petiolate, ovate, acumin- ated; pedicels of raceme for the most part solitary, bractless ; petals emarginate. ©. H. Native of the north-west coast of America, at the sources of the Columbia; particularly plentiful about Indian villages, where it seems to hold the place of chick- weed in our country. Flowers white. Var. B, rosea (D. C. prod. 3. p. 361.) flowers rose-coloured ; leaves almost nerveless. ©. H. Native of Nootka Sound. C. Sibírica, Sims, bot. mag. 2243. Sweet, br. fl. gard. t. 16. but not of Pall. E ei Claytonia.. Fl. Mar. June. Cit. 1794. Pl. 3 loot. 3 C. UNALASCHE'NSIS (Fisch. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. P. 434.) leaves nerved: upper ones opposite, sessile, rhomb- Ovate : radical ones petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated ; ra- cemes twin; bracteas ovate; pedicels solitary, twice longer than the bracteas ; petals emarginately bifid. ©. H. Native of the Island of Unalaschka, in humid sandy places. C. bífida, Willd. herb. The petals are said to be white in the dried state: Unalaschka Claytonia. Fl. ar. Jul. Clt. 1820. PI. 4 to4 ft. 4 C. parvirzora (Dougl. mss. ex Hook. fl. bor.amer. 1. p- 225. t.73.) root fibrous ; radical leaves numerous, linear-spatulate, 3- nerved, with anastomosing veins, on long petioles ; the 2 cauline Ones joined into a perfoliate, ovate leaf, which is reticulately veined ; racemes solitary, rather Compound, unibracteate. ©. H. ative of North America, abun- t along the course of the Co- umbia, in open parts of the forest, VOL. II. where wood has been burnt, or the ground turned up by deer. Flowers rose-coloured and white. This species differs from C. perfoliata in its linear-spatulate radical leaves, ovate bracteas, and profusion of small flowers. (f. 19.) Small-flowered Claytonia. Pl. } foot. 5 C. sparuza‘ra (Dougl. mss. ex Hook. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 226. t. 74.) plant minute; root fibrous ; radical leaves numerous, narrow, linear-spatulate ; the 2 cauline ones ovate, acute, and sessile; racemes solitary, unibracteate ; petals entire. ©. H, Native of the north-west coast of America, in the valleys of the Rocky Mountains. Corolla longer than the calyx. Stems many from the same root. This is the smallest of all the species, Spatulate-leaved Claytonia. Pl. 4 foot. 6 C. sarmenTosa (Meyer. nov. pl. in mem. acad. de Mourou. vol. 17.) sarmentose ; leaves nerved : radical ones oblong, ob- tuse, petiolate : cauline ones ovate, somewhat cordate, stem- clasping, but distinct: racemes terminal, solitary, bractless ; petals emarginate.—Native of St. George, one of the Aleutian Islands. Sarmentose Claytonia. Pl. sarmentose. * * Roots tuberous or fusiform. 7 C. Virer’nica (Lin. spec. 394.) leaves all narrow, linear, obsoletely 3-nerved, with anastomosing veins: radical ones very few ; racemes solitary, nodding; pedicels elongated: lower ones bracteate; petals emarginate. 2. H. Native of North America, in New England, Virginia, and Carolina, in humid woods; and of Kotzebue’s Sound. The leaves of the plant, from the last-mentioned habitat, are remarkable for their broad- ness. Pluk. alm. t. 102. f. 3. Flowers white. Virginian Claytonia, Fl. Mar. Aug. Clt.1768. PI. 4 ft. 8 C. GRANDIFLÒRA (Sweet, fl. gard. t. 216.) root tuberous: leaves linear-lanceolate, attenuated at both ends ; racemes soli- tary, many-flowered ; petals oval, obtuse, entire; sepals very blunt. 2.H. Native of North America, near Montreal, and on the Saschatchawan. C. Virginica, var. /3, mèdia, D. C. prod. 3. p. 361. D.C. pl. grass. t. 131. Flowers pink or rose-co- loured, with darker branched veins, and a yellow spot on the claw. Great-flowered Claytonia. Fl. Mar. May. Clt.? PI. 4 foot. 9 C. acuTirLora (Sweet, hort. brit. edit. 2.) root tuberous ; leaves all long, linear-lanceolate, 3-nerved, with anastomosing veins; racemes solitary, nodding: pedicels elongated: lower ones bracteate ; petals elliptic, entire, acute at both ends ; sepals acutish. 2. H. Native of North America, in humid parts of woods. C. Virginica, Sims. bot. mag. 941. C. Virginica, var. a, acutiflora, D. C. prod. 3. p. 361. Flowers white. Acute-flowered Claytonia. Fl. Mar. May. Clt.? Pl. 4 ft. 10 C. Carorinia'na (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 175.) root tuberous; radical leaves subspatulate: cauline ones oblong ; racemes solitary, nodding ; pedicels elongated: lower ones brac- teate ; petals obovate, somewhat emarginate ; sepals very blunt. .H. Native of North America, in Carolina. C. spatule- folia, Salisb. prod. p. 71. C. Virginica y, spatulzfolia, D. C. prod. 3. p. 361. Flowers pink or rose-coloured. Carolina Claytonia. Fl. Mar. May. Clt. 1789. PI. } foot. 11 C. ranceora‘ta (Pursh, fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 175. t. 3.) root tuberous ; radical leaves very few, oblong, on long petioles : cauline ones elliptic, sessile, all 3-nerved, with anastomosing veins; racemes solitary, nodding; pedicels elongated: lower ones bracteate ; petals deeply emarginate. Y.H. Native of North America, in the valleys of the Rocky Mountains, in a rich soil ; and perhaps in Eastern Siberia. Flowers large, white. It is very nearly allied to C. Vestiana of Fisch. Lanceolate-leaved Claytonia. Fl, Mar. May. PI. 4 foot. 12 C. A’rcrica (Adams, act, mosc. 5. p. 94,) leaves nerve- M Clt. 1812. 82 less, fleshy ; cauline ones sessile, ovate ; radical ones petiolate, subspatulate; racemes secund ; petals obovate, somewhat emar- ginate. 2%.H. Native of Arctic Siberia, towards the mouth of the Lena. C. Chamiss0i, Led. ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 790. Flowers large, white, or pale yellow, with an orange throat. Arctic Claytonia. PI. 4 foot. 13 C. Vestia wna (Fisch. in litt.) root tuberous ; leaves vein- less: radical ones oblong: cauline ones opposite, nearly sessile ; stem dichotomous ; peduncles long, somewhat corymbose ; petals entire. 2. H. Native of Siberia. C. Joanniana, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 434. This species differs from the true C. Sibirica in the leaves being narrower, in the petals being white, and in the inflorescence. Flowers secund, at first nodding. Ca- lycine lobes obtuse. Corolla appearing as if it were pedicellate. Vest’s Claytonia. Fl. Mar. Aug. Clt. 1827. Pl. 4 foot. 14 C. acurirortia (Pall. ex. Willd. rel. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5, p. 436.) leaves oblong, nerved, acute; petals emar- ginate; branches numerous from the sides of the root. 2%. H. Native of Eastern Siberia. Flowers white. Stems 3-4 hands high. Acute-leaved Claytonia. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1827. Pl. 14 ft. 15 C. ruserdsa (Pall. ex Willd. rel. in Roem. et Schultes, 5. p- 436.) root tuberous; leaves linear-lanceolate, attenuated ; petals retuse. 2/. H. Native of Kamtschatka and Eastern Siberia, among hypnums. Leaves 2, alternate. Tubers edible, like a potatoe. Tuberous-rooted Claytonia. Pl. 4 to 4 foot. 16 C. Srsirica (Lin. spec. 294.) root fusiform ; leaves veined : radical and cauline ones oval; raceme secund; petals bifid. u.H. Native of Siberia, in boggy places. Limnia, Lin. act. holm. 1746. t.5. Radical leaves quite glabrous, petiolate: cau- line ones 2, opposite, sessile. Stamens inserted in the petals. Flowers rose-coloured. Siberian Claytonia. § 2. Stem leafy. Calandrinia in habit. Fl. Mar. Ju. Leaves all alternate. Clt. 1768. PI. 1 to 3 ft. Plants resembling FIG. 20. 17 C. urnea‘r1s (Dougl. mss. ex Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 224. t. 71.) stems branched; leaves narrow-linear, obtuse, 3- nerved ; racemes terminal, se- cund, bracteate at the base ; pe- tals entire. ©. H. Native of North-west America, in moist rocky places; on the Great and Little Falls of the Columbia, abundant. Stems filiform, leafy. Petals obovate. (f. 20.) Linear-leaved Claytonia. } to 3 foot. 18 C. rinicavu'tis (Dougl. mss. ex Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 224. t. 72.) stems branched at the base: lower leaves obovate, acute, reticulately veined, run- ning into petioles; cauline leaves linear-spatulate; racemes terminal ; flowers bracteate; petals entire. ©.H. Native of the north-west coast of America, on rocks in Nootka and Queen Charlotte’s Sound ; plentiful on moist rocks of the Columbia, near the ocean. Flowers largish. Thread-stemmed Claytonia. PI. 4 foot. 19 C. stotonirera (Meyer. l. c.) stem erect, branched, bear- ing stolons at the base; leaves nearly sessile, oblong-spatulate, acute, a little nerved; racemes subcorymbose, lateral, bractless ; petals entire. %. H. Native of Unalaschka. Stoloniferous Claytonia. PI. 4 foot. 20 C. rarviror1a (Moc. icon. pl. nootk. ined. ex D. C. prod. 8 PE PORTULACEÆ. XI. CLAYTONIA. XII. Montia. XIII. LEPTRINA. 3. p. 361.) leaves nerveless ; cauline ones alternate, elliptic, acute, attenuated at the base ; radical ones like the cauline ones on short petioles; racemes few-flowered ; pedicels solitary, bracteate; petals acutely emarginate. ©.? H. Native of North-west America, at Nootka Sound. Flowers rose-coloured, Small-leaved Claytonia PI. 4 foot. + A very doubtful species. 21 C. nemordsa (Willd. rel. in Roem. et Schultes, 5. p. 436.) leaves ovate: superior ones tern; racemes twin. 2%.S. Native of South America, in the shady woods of Javita. Perhaps this plant ought to be removed from the genus. ex H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer, 6. p. 80. The plant, according to Bonpland, has a quadrangular stem; opposite petiolate leaves; terminal dichotomous spikes ; a 5-parted calyx; a semi-5-cleft corolla; a short style, 2 stigmas, and a 1-celled, many-seeded capsule. Grove Claytonia. Pl. ? Cult.. The greater part of the species of Claytonia are very delicate little plants, especially those with tuberous roots: these grow best in a border of peat soil, and are increased by seeds, which sometimes ripen plentifully. The fibrous-rooted kinds, being all annual, the seeds of them only require to be sown in | the open border, in a rather moist shaded situation; and if they | are allowed to scatter their seeds, plants will rise every year in abundance. XII. MO’NTIA (so named by Micheli, in honour of Joseph Monti, Ph. D. Professor of Botany, and Prefect of the Medical Garden at Bologna; author of Agri Bononiénsis stirpium Cata- logi Prodromus, 1791, 4to.). Mich. gen. 17. t.13, Gærtn. fr 2. p. 220. t.129. Lin. gen. no. 101. Juss. gen. $13.—Came- ae Dill. nov. gen. p. 114. t. 6. but not of Lin.—Alsinoides aill, Lin. syst. Triándria, Trigynia. Calyx of 2, rarely of § | sepals. Petals 5, connected a little way at the base, 3 of which | are smaller than the other 2. Stamens inserted in the claws | of the petals, usually 3 in front of each of the smaller petals, | very rarely more. Ovarium sessile. Style very short, 3-parted; divisions spreadingly reflexed. Capsule 1-celled, 3-valved, 3- seeded.—European, glabrous, aquatic, or bog herbs. Leaves opposite. Flowers axillary, small. This genus is hardly distinct from Claytonia. i 1 M. ronta‘na (Lin. spec. p. 129.) ©. W.H. Native of Europe and North America; also of South America, in bogs | ponds and ditches. ee Var. a, minor (Willd. spec. 1. p. 415.) stem erectish, divar! | cate; leaves rather connate. ©. B. H. Native of b | sandy woods and springs.—Mich. gen. t. 13. f. 2:—Fl. dan. t 131. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1206.—Schkuhr. handb. t. 20. fontàna , erécta, Pers. ench. 1. p. 111. M. minor, Gmel. f bad. 1. p. 301. . Var. B, major (Willd. spec. 1. c.) stems weak, creeping; dicho tomous; leaves sessile. ©. B.H. Native of rivulets. Mich. gen. t. 13. f. 1. M. rèpens, Gmel. fl. bad. 1. p. 302. M. fon tana (3, rèpens, Pers. ench, 1. p. 111. M. rivularis, Gmel. ] Fountain or Water-chickweed. Fl. April, May. Brit. Phy 4 to 4 foot. Cult. This plant will grow in any moist soil, or in water. XIII. LEPTRI'NA (meaning unknown to us). Rafin. jourt | phys. 1819. aug. p. 95. D.C. prod. 3. p. 362. yes | Lin. syst. Triándria, Trigynia. Calyx 3-parted ; eer elliptic, obtuse. Petals wanting. Stamens 3, alternating ” the parts of the calyx, and hypogynous. Ovarium 1, © el. Styles 3, short, acute. Capsule 1-celled, 3-valved, 3- PORTULACEZ. XIV. Coxosanruus. Seeds fixed to the central placenta.—A small smooth herb, na- tive of North America. Radical leaves 3, entire, linear-lanceo- late, acute. Scape 1-flowered, length of leaves. This genus eis hardly known, but it only appears to differ from Méntia in the want of petals. 1 L. autumna‘us (Rafin. 1. c.). America, on the banks of the Ohio. Autumnal Leptrina. Pl. 4 to 4 foot. Cult. The seeds of this plant only require to be sown in the open ground, in a moist situation ; and if the plant is allowed to scatter its seeds, there will be plenty of plants each year. ©.B.H. Native of North XIV. COLOBA’NTHUS (from xodofoc, kolobos, maimed, and av@oc, anthos, a flower; in reference to the want of petals). Presl. in reliq. Heenk. 2. p. 13. t. 49. f. 2. Lin. syst. Tetra-Hexdndria, Fetra-Pentagynia, Calyx 4-5- parted. Petals wanting. Stamens 4-6, alternating with the segments of the calyx. Stigmas 4-5. Capsule 4-7-valved, many-seeded. Both Bartling and Kunth insert this genus in the order Caryophillee, while the stamens are decidedly perigynous, and therefore ought to come among the Portulacee. 1 C. arerioipes (Gill. mss. ex Hook. et Arn. in bot. mise. 3. p- 246.) root perennial, with a multiple neck ; calyx 5-parted ; segments ovate; capsule 5-valved. 2%. F. Native of Chili, at Los Hornillos, E] Paramillo San Isedro, and on the Andes of Mendoza. Aretia-like Colobanthus. PI. } foot. 2 C. Quirr’nsis (Bartling, in Presl. reliq. Henk. 2. p. 13. t. 49. f. 2.) root annual, with a multiple neck; calyx 5-parted ; ` segments lanceolate; capsule 5-valved, ©.H. Native about Quito, and on the Cordillera of Chili. Sagina Quiténsis, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 19. Quito Colobanthus. PI. 1 foot. 3 C. sacinoipes (Bartl. in Presl. reliq. Henk. 2. p. 13. t. 49. f. 1.) root annual, with a multiple neck ; calyx 4-parted ; Segments ovate; capsule 4-valved. ©.H. Native of Chili. Sagina-like Colobanthus. Pl. + foot. Cult. See Portulaca for culture and propagation, p. 75. XV. GINGI/NSIA (in honour of M. Gingins, who has written upon the genera Viola and Lavandula). D.C. prod. 3. P. 862.—Pharnaceum species of authors. Lix. syst. Penténdria, Trigynia. Calyx 5-parted ; lobes oval, permanent, petaloid on the inside and at the margins. Pe- tals wanting. Stamens 5, inserted in the bottom of the calyx, and alternating with its lobes ; anthers 2-celled, inserted by the se. Ovarium surrounded at the base by a 5-lobed fleshy scale. Style wanting. Stigmas 3, crest-formed. Capsule 3- valved, 1-celled. Seeds numerous, fixed to the central placenta. —Cape subshrubs. Leaves irregularly verticillate, opposite or alternate, filiform or linear, furnished with scarious stipulas at the base. Peduncles axillary, elongated, bearing umbels of pe- dicellate tlowers at the apex ; branches of umbels numerous, divided, many-flowered. This genus differs from Pharndceum and all the other Caryophyllaceous genera in the stamens being Perigynous, and in the leaves being usually alternate ; and from all the genera in the order Paronychièæ in the stamens alter- nating with the sepals, not opposite them. § 1. Leaves linear. 1 G. srevicav'zs (D. C. in mem. soc. hist. nat. par. vol. 4. Ae a figure. D.C, prod. 3. p. 362.) plant almost stemless ; mati si mucronate, crowded in whorls, almost soar sti- membranous, ciliately jagged at the apex. k. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. SPheiniceudi lineàre, Thunb. fl. XV. Ginemsta. XVI. AYLMERIA. 83 cap. 274. but notof others. Stems very short. Leaves rather spreading, unequal. Short-stemmed Ginginsia. Pl. 4 foot. 2 G. etonea‘ra (D.C. l.c. with a figure; prod. l. c.) leaves alternate, linear, crowded at the tops of the branches; stipulas linear-elongated, ciliately jagged ; peduncles more than 3-times longer than the stem. h. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Pharndceum incdnum, Lin. mant. p. 358. but not of others. Pharnaceum lineàre, Andr. bot. rep. t. $29. Flowers whitish. Elongated Ginginsia. to 4 foot. 3 G. aura’yt1a (D. C. prod. 3. p. 363.) caulescent ; leaves linear, crowded in whorls ; whorls distant ; stipulas small. h . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Pharnaceum lineare, Andr. bot. rep. t. 326. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 174. Flowers of an orange-copper colour. Branches shrubby, white. This species differs from Pharn. linedre of Thunb. in the stems being suffruticose, not herbaceous, and elongated, not short. Orange-flowered Ginginsia. Pl. 4 to 4 foot. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1795. Pl. 4 § 2. Leaves filiform. 4 G. a’tBens (D. C. 1. c.) plant caulescent ; leaves filiform, mucronate, irregularly whorled or alternate; stipulas small. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Pharnaceum albens, Thunb. fl. cap. p. 274.2 Pharn. lineare flore albo, Andr. bot. rep. t. 329.? but the leaves are linear in Andrews’s plant, not filiform. Flowers greenish on the outside, but yellowish inside and on the edges. Whitish Ginginsia. Pl]. 4 to } foot. 5 G. conrz’rra (D.C. l. c.) plant caulescent ; leaves oppo- site, crowded, terete, mucronate; stipulas cut into many seta- ceous hairs, one half shorter than the leaves. h.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lam. ill. t. 214. f. 3. Pharna- ceum incanum, Thunb. fl. cap. 273.? Sims, bot. mag. 1883. but not of Lour. Crowded Ginginsia. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1782. Pl. } to} ft. 6 G. prurnosa ; stems branched, thickish; branches pale from membranous stipulas; leaves crowded, filiform, acute, terete, fleshy, mealy or pruinose. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Pharnaceum pruindsum, Haw. pl. succ. p. 15. Pruinose Ginginsia. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt.1817. Pl. 4 to} ft. 7 G. microrpny’tia (D. C. 1. c.) plant caulescent; leaves terete, obtuse, in fascicles at the nodes, the rest scattered ; sti- pulas woolly ; branches scattered, divaricate. h.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Pharnaceum microphyllum, Lin. fil. suppl. 185. Thunb. fl. cap. p. 272. Molliigo microphylla, Ser. in D.C. prod. 1. p. 329. Said to be very like G. conférta. Small-leaved Ginginsia. Pl. 4 to 4 foot. 8 G. TERETIFÒLIA (D. C. 1. c.) plant caulescent; leaves fili- form, mucronate, whorled on the branches; stipulas unknown ; branches opposite, divaricate. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Pharnàceum teretifòlium, Thunb. fl. cap. p. 274. Molligo teretifòlia, Ser. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 393. Stem a foot high. Leaves half a line long. Peduncles shorter than the leaves. Terete-leaved Ginginsia. Shrub 1 foot. Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand will answer the spe- cies of this genus ; and the pots in which they are grown should be well drained with sherds. The best way of propagating them is by seeds. XVI. AYLME'RIA (in honour of Aylmer Bourke Lambert, F.R.S. F.S.A. and V.P.L.S. the celebrated botanist, to whom we owe many obligations in the prosecution of the present work). M 2 84 PORTULACEH. XVI. AyYLMERIA. Mart. amaranth. p. 68. nov. act. bonn. 13. p. 276. 3. p. 263. Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Penténdria. Calyx 2-parted, co- loured. Petals 5. Stamens 10, joined into a membranous hy- pogynous tube; the 5 outer ones abortive ; and the 5 inner ones opposite the petals, bearing 2-celled anthers. Style 1; stigma depressed, capitate. Utriculus membranous, valveless. Seeds numerous, lentiform, in the bottom of the cell. —Australian pe- rennial herbs. Stems terete, jointed, dichotomous upwards. Leaves linear, opposite, or in whorls. Stipulas scarious. Flowers beautifully coloured, in terminal corymbs. According to Mar- tius, the genus is related to Paronychiée, but this is doubtful, in consequence of the stamens being hypogynous, and also par- ticularly so in their being opposite the sepals. The calyx is of 2 sepals, as in Portulaca, and the petals are 5, as in most of the order, and the stamens are 10, as in T'ridnthema. -1 A, rosea (Mart. l. c.) stems straightish, and are, as well as the leaves, glabrous ; stipulas ciliately serrulated ; corymb com- pact. Y¥.G. Native of New Holland, on the western coast. Flowers rose-coloured. Rose-coloured- flowered Aylmeria. PI. 1 foot. 2 A. viora`cea (Mart. l. c.) stems diffusely dichotomous, and are as well as the leaves glabrous; stipulas quite entire; co- rymb loose. Y¥.G. Native of New Holland, on the west coast. Flowers violaceous. Violaceous-flowered Aylmeria. Cult. D.C. prod. Pl. 1 foot. See Ginginsia for culture and propagation, p. 83. XVII. HYDROPY’XIS (from idwp, hydor, water, and Tutic, pyxis, a box; the plant is an inhabitant of water, and the capsule resembles a box, from its opening transversely). Rafin. fl. lud. p. 94. D.C. prod. 3. p. 364. Lin. syst. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx permanent, 5- parted, bibracteate on the outside; the two inner lobes the smallest. Corolla peripetalous (perhaps inserted in the calyx), crateriform, unequally 5-lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous, inserted in the corolla; anthers hastate. Ovarium superior. Style simple, crowned by a capitate 3-lobed stigma. Capsule 1-celled, many-seeded, triangular, opening transversely. Central pla- centa free. This genus is likely to be nearer related to Utricu- laria than to any other. 1 H. patu’srris (Rafin. l.c.) Native of Louisiana, in ditches and marshes. Pourpier des marais, Robin. voy. p.488. Stems creeping, prostrate. Flowers axillary, pedunculate, solitary, white. Marsh Hydropyxis. PI. creeping. Cult. This plant should be grown in a pot filled with peat, and placed in a deep pan of water. It is easily propagated by separating the runners, ; Orper CXI. PARONYCHIE'Æ (plants agreeing with Pa- ronychia in important characters). St. Hil. plac. lib. p. 56. Juss. mem. mus. 1. p. 387.—Herniariz, Cat. hort. par. (1777.), Illecébreze, R. Br. prod. p. 413. Lindl. intr. nat. ord. p. 164. Calyx of 5 sepals (f. 21. a. f. 22. a.), seldom of 3-4; sepals sometimes separate to the base, sometimes joined to the middle (f. 22. a.), and sometimes nearly to the apex (f. 24. a.). Pe- tals small, scale-formed (f. 22. a.), emulating sterile stamens, inserted upon the calyx between the lobes, occasionally wanting (£. 23. a.), or converted into superabundant stamina. Stamens perigynous, exactly opposite the sepals (f. 22. a.), if equal to them in number, but sometimes fewer by abortion; filaments distinct ; anthers 2-celled (f. 21. c.). Ovarium free. Styles 2-3, XVII. Hypropyxis. PARONYCHIEZ. either distinct (f. 24. a.), or partially combined (f, 22. d.). Fruit small, dry, 1-celled, usually membranous, either valveless and indehiscent, or opening with 3 valves. Seeds either numerous, fixed to a free central placenta, or solitary and pendulous, upon a funicle, arising from the base of the cavity of the fruit. Al- bumen farinaceous. Embryo cylindrical, lying on one side of the albumen, curved more or less, with the radicle always point- ing towards the hylum. Cotyledons small.—Herbaceous or half-shrubby branching plants, with opposite or alternate, often fascicled, entire, sessile leaves and scarious stipulas. Flowers small, usually whitish green, sometimes sessile and axillary, and sometimes variously disposed in terminal cymes. Bracteas sca- rious, analogous to the stipulas. This order comes very near Portulacee, Amarantacee, and Caryophillee, from which it is distinguished with difficulty. By excluding the section Sclerdnthee, their scarious stipula will distinguish them from the two last-mentioned orders, and there is scarcely any other character that will; for there are Caryo- phyllee that have perigynous stamens, as Ldrbrea and Adena- rium; and Paronychiée which have hypogynous ones, as Poly- carpe‘a, Stipuldcida, and Ortégia. From Portuldcee it is scarcely to be known with absolute certainty, except by the position of the stamens before the sepals instead of the petals. With Crassulacee, particularly Tille‘a, they agree very much in habit, but their concrete carpella will always distinguish them. De Candolle comprehends in the order various plants without stipulas ; but as the latter organs seem to be an essential part of their character, the tribes Queridcee and Minuartiée are ex- cluded, and willbe found elsewhere. Synopsis of the genera. Terre I. TELEPHIE`E. Calyx 5-parted (f. 21. a.). Petals and stamens 5, inserted in the bottom of the calyx (f. 21. b.). Styles 3 (£. 21. e.) free, or connected together a litile at the base. Leaves alternate, stipulaceous. 1 TrLe'PHium. Styles 3, spreadingly reflexed, concrete at the base. Capsule pyramidal, trigonal, 3-valved, 3-celled at the base, and l-celled at the apex. Seeds numerous, fixed to the central placenta, in 6 rows. 2 Corriciora. Style short ; stigmas 3 (f. 21. e.). Capsule 1-seeded, indehiscent, covered by the calyx. Seed suspended by a funicle, originating at the bottom of the capsule. Trise II. ILLECE'BREÆ. Calyx 5-parted (f. 22. a.) Petals 5 or want- ing. Stamens 2-3, inserted in the bottom of the calyx (f. 22. a.). Styles free or somewhat concrete at the base (f. 22.d.). Capsule indehiscent, 1-seeded. Funicle long, rising from the bottom of the capsule, bearing a subpendulous seed at the apex.—Herbs, rarely subshrubs. Leaves opposite, acute, with scarious stipulas. 3 Hernia‘ria. Calyx almost 5-parted. Scales or petals ő, filiform, entire, but sometimes wanting or very small. Stamens 5, or only 2-3 from abortion. Styles 2, short, distinct, or concrete at the base. Capsule covered by the calyx, PARONYCHIEZ, 4 Gymnoca’rpum. Calyx almost 3-parted. Petals 5, emu- lating sterile filaments. Stamens 5. Style 1; stigma simple. Capsule valveless, covered by the indurated calyx. 5 Awy'cnta. Calyx 5-parted. Petals and scales wanting. Stamens 3-5, distinct. Style none; stigmas 2, subcapitate. Capsule covered by the calyx. 6 Intx’cesrum. Calyx 5-parted, or nearly 3-sepalled, ending on the back at the apex, in an awned horn. Petals wanting, but there are 5 subulate scales in place. Stamens 2-5. Style hardly any ; stigmas 2, capitate. Capsule covered by the calyx, divisible into 5 at the stripes. 7 Parony'cuta. Calyx 5-parted (f. 22. a.). Petals or scales 5, linear. Stamens 5 (f. 22. a.). Style 1; stigmas 2 (f. 22. d.). Capsule indehiscent or 5-valved, covered by the calyx. 8 Prntaca'na. Calyx 4-parted; segments very unequal, outer 3 spiny at the apex, inner 3 navicular, armed on the back. Stamens 5. Stigmas 2, short. Capsule 1-seeded. 9 CARDIONE' MA. Calyx 5-parted ; lobes drawn out on the back at the apex into a straight horn. Petals wanting. Sta- mens 5, 2 sterile ones obcordate, flat, 3 fertile ones obcordate at the base, bearing each an antheriferous filament in the recess. Styles 2, hardly concrete at the base, long, revolute. Fruit oval-oblong. Terre III. ; Potycarrm'x, Calyx 5-parted (f. 23. a.). Petals 5, or want- ing. Stamens 1-5, inserted in the bottom of the calyx. Styles 2-3, sometimes distinct, sometimes concrete. Capsule 1-celled, many-seeded. Seeds fixed to the central placenta.—Herbs or subshrubs, Leaves opposite. Stipulas scarious. The stamens n this tribe are almost hypogynous, and truly so in some genera, as n Polycarpæ'a, Stipulácida, and Ortègia, and therefore verge closely on the order Caryophýlleæ. 10 Porycarræ a. Lobes of calyx with membranous edges (£. 20, a.). Petals 5. Stamens 5, nearly hypogynous (f. 23. a.). Styles 3, concrete at the base. Capsule 1-celled, 3-valved, Many-seeded. 11 Srrurrcoa. Lobes of calyx with membranous edges. Petals 5. Stamens 8, inserted in the torus. Style short, crowned by 8 stigmas. Capsule 1-celled, 3-valved, few-seeded. 12 BAŁA RDIA. Lobes of calyx flattish. Petals 5. Stamens 2-3-4, inserted in the receptacle. Styles 3, very short, papilli- ferous inside, Capsule 1-celled, 3-valved, many-seeded. 13 Ave’Rsra. Lobes of calyx thickened in the middle, keeled, Petals 5, or only 3 from abortion. Stamens 3, inserted In the bottom of the calyx. Style 1, trifid at the apex. Cap- sule l-celled, 3-va'ved, many-seeded. eC Onre'cra, Lobes of calyx keeled alittle. Stamens 5, 3 1€, Inserted in the torus, the other 2 scale-formed and sterile. ty eh capitate at the apex or bifid. Capsule 3-valved, many- ed. 15 Potyca‘rpon, Lobes of calyx with membranous edges, Concave, a keeled, and mucronate. Petals 5, emarginate. Sta- ens 3-5, Styles 3, very short, Capsule 1-celled, 3-valved, Many-seeded, I. Teepnium. 85 16 Cx’rp1a. Lobes of calyx petaloid inside, ending in a bristle each at the apex. Petals wanting. Stamen one, in front of one of the sepals. Style filiform, bifid at the apex. Cap- sule 1-celled, many-seeded. Trise IV, Potticuir'x. Calyx 5-toothed; tube urceolate. Stamens 1-2, inserled in the throat of the calyx. Petals-wanting, Stigma bifid. Utriculus or fruit valveless, 1-seeded. Bracteas and calyx increasing after flowering, and becoming fleshy, so as to form something like a berry.—Suffruticose herbs, with opposite or subverticillate stipulaceous leaves. 17 Pottr'cura. Character the same as that of the tribe. + Genera belonging to Paronychièæ, but are not sufficiently knonn. 18 Lirnéruiza. Calyx 3-parted, acute. Petals 3. Scales or abortive stamens 2, opposite the sepals. Stamens 2, placed at one side of the ovarium. Style thick, bluntly emarginate at the apex. Fruit unknown. A very minute glabrous herb. 19 Seznowra. Calyx urceolate, 5-cleft, membranous, 10- ribbed. Petals 5, alternating with the lobes of the calyx. Sta- mens fixed in the middle of the segments of the calyx, and shorter than them; anthers didymous. Style 1; stigma obtuse. Capsule 3-valved, 1-celled, 1-seeded. A smooth herb, with the habit of Illécebrum verticillatum. Tribe I. TELEPHIE'# (plants agreeing with the genus Telephium in important characters). D.C. prod. 3. p. 366. Calyx 5-parted (£. 21. a.) Petals and stamens 5 (f. 21. b.), inserted into the bottom of the calyx. Styles 3 (f. 21. e.), distinct, or somewhat concrete at the base.—Leaves alternate, stipulaceous. I. TELE‘PHIUM (so named from Telephus, son of Her- cules by Auge, and according to some king of Mysia). Tourn. inst. t. 128. Lin. gen. 377. Gærtn. fr. 2. p. 221. t. 129. Lam. ill. t. 213. Juss. mem. mus. l. p. 389. St. Hil. plac. lib. . 44. E Lin. syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, per- manent; lobes oblong, concave. Petals 5, inserted in the bot- tom of the calyx, and alternating with its lobes, and about equai in length to them. Stamens 5, opposite the sepals, and inserted in their bases. Styles 3, spreadingly reflexed, concrete at the base. Capsule pyramidal, trigonal, 3-valved, 3-celled at the base, and 1-celled at the top from the dissepiments not being extended so far. Seeds numerous, disposed in 6 rows on the central placenta. Embryo lateral, curved, but not annular. Albumen mealy.—Subshrubby, procumbent, many-stemmed, gla- brous, glaucous herbs. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, sti- pulaceous. Flowers white or greenish white. 1 T. Imeera‘rt (Lin. spec. 388.) leaves alternate ; flowers in racemose corymbs, rather crowded. %. H. Native of the south of Europe, particularly in the south of France, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, &c. D.C. fl. fr. 4. p. 400. Lam. ill. t. 213. Schkuhr. handb. 1. t. 85. T. répens, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 71. E alternifòlium, Moench, meth. 231. Flowers white, sometimes tinged with red. ; S Orpine. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1658. Pl. tr. 2 T. oprosiTiroLiuM (Lin. spec. 388.) leaves opposite ; flowers in racemose corymbs, crowded. 2%. H. Native of Barbary. 86 Perhaps Shaw, spec. p. 572. with a figure. Flowers white. only a variety of the preceding. Opposite-leaved Orpine. Pl. tr. $ T. taxirtorum (D. C. prod. 3. p. 366.) leaves alternate ; peduncles opposite the leaves, trifid at the apex; middle pedicel 1-flowered, lateral ones elongated, and usually 3-flowered. 2%. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Herb glaucous. Leaves alternate, distant, obovate, mucronate; petiole short, margined, with a membrane. Capsule subglobose, 3-celled nearly to the apex. Perhaps a proper genus, but the habit is truly that of Teléphium. Loose-flowered Orpine. PI. tr. Cult. All the hardy species of Orpine grow well in any light soil; and may either be increased by cuttings or parting at the root; they are well adapted for ornamenting rock-work. The last species being a native of the Cape of Good Hope, requires the protection of a green-house in winter. II. CORRIGI'OLA (a diminutive of corrigia, a shoe string; trailing flexible plants), Lin. gen. no. 378. Juss. mem. mus. 1. p. 389. Lam. ill. t.213. D.C, prod. 3. p. 366. Polygonifoélia, Vaill. Adans. Dill. Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Trigynia. Calyx 5-parted (f. 21.a.), permanent. Petals 5 (f. 21. 6.), equal to the calyx and inserted in it, and alternating with its lobes. Stamens 5, opposite the sepals. Style short; stigmas 3 (f. 21. e.). Capsule 1-seeded, indehiscent, covered by the calyx. Seed suspended by a funicle, which rises from the bottom of the capsule.—Procumbent glau- cous herbs, with alternate stipulaceous leaves, and terminal race- mose corymbs of small flowers. Habit of Telèphium. 1 C. TELEPHIIFÒLIA (Pourr. chl. narb. 20. act. tol. 3. p. 316.) stems naked in the floriferous part. %.H. Native about Per- pignon and about Madrid, in sandy places; also of Chili about Valparaiso. D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 527. Flowers white. Var. B, imbricata (Lapeyr. abr. p. 169.) stems short; lower leaves rather imbricated. %.H. Native about Vinca and Nyer. aken Strap-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. procumbent. 2 C. LITTORA`LIis (Lin. spec. p. 388.) stems leafy in the florifer- ous part. ©. H. Native through- out Europe, on sandy shores. Found by Hudson in England on the Slapham Sands beyond Dart- mouth, and near Star-point. Œed. fl. dan. t. 334. Smith, engl. bot. 668. fl. gree. t.292. Polygoni- folia, Dill. giss. append. t. 3. Lind. als. t. 2. Flowers white. Shore Strap-wort. Fl. June, Aug. Britain. PI. tr. 3 C. peLttoipea (Hook. et Arnott, in Beech, bot. p. 24.) stems prostrate ; leaves deltoid, long, spatulate ; racemes lateral, furnished at the base by a spa- tulate bractea. %.? G. Native of Chili, about Conception and Valparaiso. This plant bears a strong resemblance to C. littoràlis. Flowers white. Deltoid-leaved Corryiola. P]. prostrate. 4 C. squamosa (Hook. et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 247.) cau- dex perennial, a little branched, very scaly at the apex, from which many stems issue; stems prostrate; leaves linear, oblong ; racemes corymbose, leafless. XY. G. Native of Chili, about Valparaiso, Vina de la Mar, and Playa Ancha. The lower part of the stem, which is here called a caudex, from its resemblance Pi FIG. 21. PARONYCHIEÆ. I. Terernium. II. Corrictora. III. HERNIARIA. to that part of ferns, is to be seen in no other species of the genus; the scaly appearance at its summit is obviously caused by a congeries of stipulas. Flowers white. Scaly Strap-wort. Pl. prostrate. 5 C. Capr’nsts (Willd. spec. 1. p. 507.) flowers sessile ; calyx hardly with membranous margins. ©.H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Thunb. fl. cap. p. 272. C. littoralis, Thunb. prod. p. 55. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from C., littoralis. Cape Strap-wort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1819. Pl. tr. Cult. The seeds of the annual kinds should be sown in dry light soil. The culture of the perennial kind is the same as that recommended for the hardy species of Teléphium. Tribe II. ILLECE‘BREZ (this tribe contains plants agreeing with Illécebrum in some particular characters). D. C. prod. 3. p. 367. Calyx 5-parted (f.22.a.). Petals 5, or wanting. Stamens 2-5, inserted in the bottomof the calyx. Styles distinct, or somewhat concrete at the base. Capsule indehiscent, 1-seeded. Funicle long, rising from the bottom of the capsule, bearing a somewhat pendulous seed at the top.—Herbs, rarely subshrubs. Leaves opposite, acute, with scarious stipulas. III. HERNIA'RIA (from hernia, a rupture ; supposed effect in curing). Tourn. inst. t. 288. Lin. gen. no. 308. Lam. ill. t. 180. Juss. mem. mus. 1. p. 389. D. C. prod. 3. p. 367. Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia, Calyx nearly 5-parted, somewhat coloured inside, Scales or petals 5, filiform, quite entire, alternating with the sepals, sometimes wanting or very small. Stamens 5, or only 2-3 from abortion, opposite the sepals. Styles 2, short, distinct, or concrete at the base. Capsule de seeded, indehiscent, covered by the calyx.—Prostrate suffruti- cose small herbs, with branched stems. Leaves opposite, stipu- laceous : stipulas solitary between the leaves, broad at the base. Flowers glomerate in the axils of the leaves. Bracteas small. § 1. Herniarie vere (true species of Hernidria). Stems pros- trate, small ; flowers glomerate in the axils of the leaves, puberu- lous or hairy on the outside. 1 H. cins‘rea (D.C. fi. fr. suppl. p. 375. mem. par. t. 3.) plant of many stems, herbaceous, clothed with cinereous hairs; branches ascending ; leaves oval, acute at both ends; flowers crowded, axillary. ©. Hs Native about Montpelier, Nar- bonne, plentiful in Spain in dry gravelly or sandy places. In Spain the plant is called Quebrantapiedras. H. donua, Lag. gen. et spec. p. 12. and perhaps H. latifolia, Lapeyr. abr. p. T27. Cinereous Rupture-wort. Fl, June, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. tr. 2 H. vire’scens (Salzm. pl. exsic. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 367.) herb ascending, many stemmed, smoothish ; leaves oval, ciliat- ed; bundles axillary, few-flowered ; calyx rather pilose. © H. Native of Mauritania, about Tangiers. It differs from H. cinérea in the greenish habit, nearly as H. hirsùta does from 4+ glabra, or as H. alpina does from H. incana. Greenish Rupture-wort. Pl. tr. 3 H. cra‘sra (Lin. spec. p. 317.) plant herbaceous, gla- brous, prostrate ; leaves oval ; bundles many-flowered. 2%. B- Native of Europe and Siberia, in exposed gravelly places. In England, at the Lizard-point, and near Newmarket. Oed. dan. t. 529. Smith, engl. bot. t. 206. Schkuhr, handb. t. 56. Blackw. herb. t. 320. H. alpéstris, Aubr. H. fruticdsa, Gouan, This and the two following species are confounded by Spreng: 1! his syst. 1. p. 929. under the name of H. vulgaris. Glabrous Rupture-wort. Fl. July, Aug. England. Pl. tr. 4 H. mirsu'ra (Lin. spec. p. 317.) plant herbaceous, pros- trate, hairy; leaves oval-oblong; bundles sessile, few-flowere® PARONYCHIEZ. III. Herniaria. Y.H. Native throughout Europe, in gravelly places. In En- gland, near Barnet; and in Cornwall. Smith, engl. bot. 1379. Mor. hist. sect. 5. t. 29. fı 2. Petiv. brit. t. 10. Tandich, icon. t. 284. This plant is in every respect the same as H. glabra, except in the hairiness. Var. B, pubéscens (D. C. prod. 3. p. 368.) leaves ciliated, erectish stipulas larger. Paronychia pubéscens, D. C. fl. fr. . p- 403. Hairy Rupture-wort. Fl. July, Aug. England. Pl. tr. 5 H. 1nca‘na (Lam. dict. 3. p. 124.) suffruticose, prostrate, hoary from villi; leaves ovate-oblong; flowers somewhat pedi- cellate, in loose clusters. %. H. Native of Italy, Provence, Dauphiny, &c. in barren places. D. C. fl. fr. suppl. 375. H. lenticulata, Lin. spec. p. 317. exclusive of the synonymes. H. alpina, Lois. but not of Vaill. Hoary Rupture-wort. PI. tr. 6 H. Besse‘r1 (Fisch. ex Horn. suppl. p. 127.) stems shrubby at the base, somewhat ascending; branches elongated; leaves oblong-lanceolate, pubescent ; bundles axillary, many flowered, rather loose. 2/.H. Native of Tauria and Podolia. H. in- cana, Bieb. suppl. p. 173. H. hirsùta, D’Ury. enum. p. 28. H. Millegràna, Pall. ex Spreng. and perliaps H. microcárpa of Presl. del. prag. which was collected on the mountains of Sicily. Besser’s Rupture-wort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1822. Pl. tr. -7 H. macroca’rra (Sibth. et Smith, fl. græc. t. 252.) stems fruticulose at the base, ascending ; branches setosely pubescent; leaves obovate-lanceolate, hairy on both surfaces, as well as on the calyxes; bundles few-flowered. %. H. Native of La- conia, and by the way side between Smyrna and Bursa; also in the Balearic Islands. Large-fruited Rupture-wort. PI. tr. 8 H. arrina (Vill. dauph. 2. p. 556. exclusive of the sy- nonyme,) root becoming woody at length; stems prostrate, tufted, densely leafy, suffruticose ; leaves oval, rather villous, ciliated ; flowers few towards the tops of the branches, somewhat glomerate. u4.H. -Native of Provence, Dauphiny, and Savoy on the Alps. D.C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 375. H. alpéstris, Lam. dict. 3. p. 125. This plant is distinguished from H. incàna at first sight by its greenish habit, not hoary. Alpine Rupture-wort. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1822. Pl. tr. 9 H. America‘na (Nutt. in Sillim. amer. journ. 5. p. 822. p. 291.) smoothish, procumbent; leaves linear-oblong, much Shorter than the internodes; stipulas minute; bundles many- flowered. 2%. H. Native of Eastern Florida. Anychia her- Mlarioides, Ell. sketch. 1. p. 308. but not of Michx. ex Nutt. Camphorésma glabra of authors. Stem clothed with retrograde down. Racemes 3-5-flowered. Lobes of calyx obtuse, coarc- tate, white inside. American Rupture-wort. PI. pr. i 10 H. setrerra (Gill. mss. ex Hook. et Arn. in bot. mise. 3. p- 247.) plant perennial, herbaceous, puberulous, many-stem- med, prostrate ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, furnished with spiny bristles at the apex; flowers almost sessile, axillary, and usually solitary, puberulous on the outside; stamens 3; styles united at the base. %. F. Native of Chili, at El Aquadita, near La Punta de San Luis. This species has no scales or abortive petals, and but only one style, and stigmas have been per- ceived, Bristle-bearing Rupture-wort. Pl. prostrate. 11 H. rruticésa (Lin. amoen. 4. p. 269.) stem shrubby, very humble, much branched, tufted ; branches short, villous ; leaves small, obovate, thickish, crowded ; flowers glomerate, hairy, 4- cleft. h. H. Native of Spain, in dry exposed places; and of Mauritania, near Mascar. Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 213.—Lob. icon. t. 85.—Barrel. icon. t. 713. - Shrubby Rupture-wort. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1814, Pl. proc. 87 IV. Gymnocarpum. § 2. Polygonoidee (plants with the habit of Polygonum). Stems erect, dichotomous at the apex. Flowers glabrous, disposed in loose cymes. Perhaps a proper genus. 12 H. poryconoipes (Cav. icon. 2. t. 137.) erect, glabrous, shrubby ; branches dichotomous at the apex; leaves ovate, cus- pidate, distant. h. H. Native of Mauritania, near Mascar ; and on the hills of Spain, in Valentia, as well as in Provence. Illécebrum suffruticdsum, Lin. spec. p. 298. Paronychia suf- fruticosa, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 230. Herniaria érecta, Desf. alt. 1. p. 214. H. Joanneana, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 297. This species differs from Paronychia, in the fruit being indehis- cent. The habit is very dissimilar from the other species of Herniaria, but emulates Anjchia and Paronychia. Polygonum-like Rupture-wort. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1752. Pl. 4 foot. + Species not sufficiently known. 13 H. pvicuo’roma (D. C. prod. 3. p. 368.) stems erect, nu- merous, dichotomous, herbaceous; leaves distant, oblong, mutic, and are, as well as the branches, powdery from short down; flowers cymose. 2.?H. Native country unknown. Parony- chia dichétoma, D. C. in Lam. dict. ency. 5. p. 25. Illécebrum dichétomum, Pers. ench. 1. p. 261. ‘Calyx glumaceous, striat- ed at the base and pubescent, profoundly 5-cleft; segments bluntish, with scarious margins; sterile threads 5, alternating with the sepals, and 5 antheriferous ones opposite them, hardly shorter than the sterile ones. Style bidentate at the apex. Ova- rium attenuated at the base. Ovulum one, pendulous, suspended from the top of a thread, which arises from the bottom of the capsule.” Adr. Juss. in litt. 1827. Dichotomous Rupture-wort. Pl. 4 to 4 foot. 14 H. tenricuna‘ta (Thunb. fl. cap. p. 245.) suffruticose, hairy, decumbent, clothed with cinereous villi; leaves ovate, fleshy. h.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. H. incana Capénsis, Pers. This is a very obscure species. The Linnean plant under this name, according to Vahl and Smith, is Créssa Crética ; but we know not what Thunberg’s plant is. Lenticular Rupture-wort. Pl. procumbent. Cult. All the species are weedy looking plants, most of them with the habit of wild-thyme, and therefore are only worth culti- vating in botanic gardens. The plants grow best in dry light sandy soil, and are increased by seeds. IV. GYMNOCA’RPUM (from yupvoc, gymnos, naked, and kaproc, karpos, a fruit). Forsk. descr. p. 65. icon. t. 10. Desf. atl. 1. p. 203. St. Hil. plac. lib. p. 73. Juss. mem. mus. 2. p. 888. D.C. prod. 3. p. 369. Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx almost 3-parted, permanent ; segments coloured inside. Petals 5, emulating sterile filaments. Stamens 5, inserted in the bottom of the calyx. Style one, crowned by a simple stigma. Capsule valveless, 1- seeded, covered by the indurated calyx.—Diffuse subshrubs, with opposite stipulaceous leaves, usually bearing fascicles of rameal leaves in the axils. Pedicels axillary, solitary, opposite, appearing crowded at the tops of the branches, from the inter- nodes being short. The name of this genus is spelt variously by authors, viz. Gymnocarpos (Forsk.), Gymnocarpus (Viv.), Gymnocarpon (Pers.), Gymnocarpum (Steud.). 1 G. rruticésum (Pers. ench. 1. p. 636.). h.F. Native of the deserts of Barbary, Egypt, &c. G. decandrum, Forsk. 1. c. Viv. fl. lib. 138. t: 10. f.1. Desf. 1. ¢. Trianthema fruticésa, Vahl. symb. 1. p. 32. Lobes of calyx violaceous inside, some- what cucullate at the apex, and furnished with an awn on the back. Shrubby Gymnocarpum. Shrub 1 foot. ; Cult. “This shrub will require to be protected from frost in 88 PARONYCHIE. V. Anycuta. winter, and for this purpose it should be grown in a pot. A mixture of sand and loam will suit the plant very well, and it may either be increased by seeds or cuttings. V. ANY’CHIA (so named from its affinity to Paronychia). Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 113. Juss. mem. mus. 2. p. 389. Torr. fl. unit. stat. 1. p. 272. D. C. prod. 3. p. 369.—Quéria, Geert. fr. 2. t. 128. Nutt. gen. amer. p. 158. Lin. syst. Tri-Pentdndria, Digynia. Calyx 5-parted; se- pals conniving, somewhat saccate, and callous at the apex. Pe- tals and scales none. Stamens 3-5 ; filaments distinct. Style none. Stigmas 3, subcapitate. Capsule indehiscent, 1-seeded, covered by the calyx.—North American, erect, dichotomous, annual herbs, with the habit of Linum cathérticum. Leaves op- posite, furnished with scarious stipulas at the base. Flowers solitary in the axils of the branches, and in fascicles at the tops of the short branches, green. 1 A. picHóroma (Michx. 1. c.) stem covered with retrograde pubescence; leaves cuneate-oblong ; stipulas longer than the flowers ; flowers in fascicles. ©.H. Nativeof Virginia, New York, Kentucky, and Canada, in dry woods and on hills. Quèria Canadénsis, Lin. spec. Ort. dec. t. 15, f. 2. Nutt. l. e. Anychia dichótoma var. a. Torr. fi. unit. stat. 1. p. 273. A. Canadénsis, Elliott. car. 1. p. 307. Dichotomous Anychia. 4 foot. 2 A. caritxa‘cea (D. C. prod. 3. p. 369.) stem quite gla- brous, smooth; leaves ovate ; stipulas shorter than the flowers ; flowers remote. ©. H. Native of New Jersey and New England, in pine barrens. Quéria capillacea, Nutt. gen. amer. l. p. 159. Anychia dichétoma 3, Torr. l. c. According to Torrey, this is only a smooth variety of the last. Capillaceous Anychia. PI. 4 to 4 foot. Cult. The seeds of these plants only require to be sown in the open border in a dry warm situation ina light soil. Fl. May, Aug. Clit. 1806. PI. 4 to VI. ILLE'CEBRUM (from Jllecebra of Pliny, which is from illicio, to allure ; pretty enticing plants). Geertn. fil. carp. p. 36. t. 184, Juss. mem. mus. 2. p. 386. R.Br. prod. p. 416. in a note.—Paronychia species, Tourn. Juss. Lam. and D. C.—IIlé- cebrum species of Lin. Lin. syst. Di-Pentandria, Digýnia. Calyx 5-parted, nearly 3-sepalled; sepals subcucullate, thickened, ending in an awn- like horn at the apex on the back. Petals wanting, or 5 su- bulate scales in place of the petals, alternating with the lobes of the calyx. Stamens 2-5, opposite the sepals, and inserted in their base. Style hardly any; stigmas 2, capitate. Capsule covered by the calyx, 5-valved, or divisable into 5 at the stripes. Seed solitary from abortion, inserted in the side of the capsule. Embryo hardly curved, placed on one side of the albumen, which is farinaceous.—A small trailing herb, with opposite leaves, fur- nished with scarious stipulas at the base. Flowers axillary or cymose. Bracteas scarious, smaller than the flowers. 1 I. verticixza‘tum (Lin. spec. p. 280.) stems trailing, fili- form, glabrous ; leaves roundish; flowers crowded in the axils of the leaves, verticillate. 2.H. Native of Europe, in bogs and wet meadows. In England in the western part of Cornwall, about Penzance, and in Devonshire, in marshy boggy ground. Schkuhr, handb. t. 50. Vill. in Schrad. journ. 1801. p. 409. t. 4. Smith, engl. bot. t. 895. Fl. dan. t. 335.—Vaill. bot. par. t.15. f. 2. Flowers snow white, furnished with scarious bracteas at the base. Calyxes cartilaginous. Stamens 2 ex Juss., the rest abortive, 5 ex Schkuhr. Root creeping. Whorled Knot-grass. Fl. July, Aug. England. PI. tr. Cult. The seeds of this plant should be sown in a moist situ- ation, where the plants will thrive and flower freely; and if the VI. Intecesrum. VII. Paronycna. seeds be allowed to scatter themselves, the plants will rise regu- larly every season. It is worth cultivating, being a small deli- cate beautiful plant. VII. PARONY’CHIA (from mapa, para, near, and ovwë, onyx, a claw ; supposed to cure a tumour which rises near the nail). Juss. mem. mus. 1. p. 388. D. C. prod. 3. p. 370. St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p.185.—Paronychia species of Tourn. Juss. gen, —lIllécebrum species of Lin. Lin. syst. Penténdria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted (f. 22. J.) 3 lobes concave, cucullate, generally mucronate at the apex (f. 22. b.). Petals or scales 5, subulate, alternating with the lobes of the calyx. Stamens 5 (f. 22.a.). Style one, entire or bifid (f. 22. d.); lobes papilliferous inside. Capsule 1-seeded (f. 22. e.), membranaceous, indehiscent or 5-valved, covered by the calyx.—Herbaceous or suffrutescent much branched plants. Leaves opposite, stipulate ; stipulas scabrous, twin on both sides between the leaves. Young leaves frequently in fascicles in thè axils of the old leaves. Flowers cymose or glomerate, but usually crowded in the axils of the leaves. Sect. I. CHÆTONY’CHIA (from yarn, chaite, a head of hair, and ovvé, onyx, a claw; in reference to the lobes of the calyx ending in a bristle each). D. C. prod. 3. p- 370. Lobes of calyx equal, dilated at the apex, membranous, ending in an awn on the back. Scales or petals, or abortive stamens perhaps want- ing. Flowers cymose. 1 P.? cymòsa (D.C. in Lam. dict. 5. p. 26. fl. fr. 3. p. 402.) stems erect, branched, divaricate, puberulous; leaves linear, nearly terete, glabrous, awned; flowers cymose, ultimate ones in fascicles. ©. H. Native of Spain, Greece, Mauritania, in sandy places. Illécebrum cymésum, Lin. spec. 299. exclusive of Boce. syn. Vill. in Schrad. journ. 1801. p. 408. t. 4. Flowers greenish. This plant is allied to I/lécebrum, but is probably a distinct genus. Cymose Paronychia. Fl. July. Clt.1820. Pl. 2 foot. Secr. II. Euny’cuta (altered from Paronychia. This section is supposed to contain the genuine species of the genus). D.C. prod. 3. p. 870. Lobes of calyx equal, awned, mucronate or nearly unarmed, not dilated at the apex. Flowers crowded in the axils of the leaves. x 2 P. ecuina‘ra (Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 232. exclusive of Lin. syn.) stems branched, prostrate, smoothish; leaves oval, glabrous; flowers subsecund, crowded in the axils of the leaves, puberu- lous; lobes of calyx drawn out into somewhat divaricate awns. ©. H. Native of Mauritania, Portugal, Corsica, Sicily, Pro- vence, in sand by the sea side. Illécebrum echinàtum, Desf. atl. 1. p. 204. Vill. in Schrad. journ. 1801. p. 409. t. 4. Smith, fl. grec. t. 245.—Boce. sic. t. 20. f. 3, Flowers greenish. Echinated-flowered Paronychia. Fl. July. Cle 1838. EE prostrate. : 3 P. Brasiua'na (D. C. in Lam. dict. 5. p. 23.) stems trail- ing, puberulous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, narrowed both at the base and apex, mucronate, pubescent on both surfaces; flowers crowded in the axils of the leaves; calyx glabrous, deeply 5- parted : lobes ending in a long mucrone each. kh. G. Native of Buenos Ayres and Monte Video, by road sides. P. Bona- riénsis, D. C. prod. 3. p. 370. Flowers white. Brazilian Paronychia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. Pl. tr. 4 P. commu'nis (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 186.) stems trailing, puberulous; leaves oblong-lanceolate, narrow at the base an the apex, mucronate, pubescent on both surfaces; flowers crowded in the axils of the leaves; calyx turbinate, pubescent ; lobes equal, ending in short points. 2.G. Native of Brazil, in pastures in that part of the province of St. Paul called Cam- PARONYCHIEZ. VII. Paronycuta. pos Geraes, and by the sea side in the province of St. Catharine. Flowers deep brown. Common Paronychia. PI. tr. 5 P. Cuire’nsts (D.C. prod. 3. p. 370.) stems diffuse, tufted; leaves crowded, oblong-linear, mucronate, smoothish; flowers crowded in the axils of the leaves ; lobes of calyx hardly mucro- nate at the apex. %4. F. Native of Chili, about Conception and Valparaiso. Leaves of the younger branches subspinose at the apex, of the adult ones acute. Stipulas oblong, scarious. Chili Paronychia. Pl. 4 foot. _6 P.campuHorosmoipes (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 187.) stems diffuse, pubescent ; leaves linear-subulate, keeled, mucronate, puberulous; flowers crowded in the axils of the leaves; calyx turbinate, smoothish: lobes equal, acutish. ©.H. Native of Brazil, in that part of the province of St. Paul called Campos Geraes, near Egreja Velha. Camphorosma-like Paronychia. Pl. 4 to 1 foot. 7 P. Ara’sica (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. 1813. p. 130.) stems diffuse, branched ; leaves oblong-linear, glabrous, awnedly mu- cronate ; flowers sessile, rather crowded: lobes of calyx ending in a long awn each. ©. H. Native of Arabia and Egypt. Corrigiola albélla, Forsk. descr. p. 207. Illécebrum Arabicum, Lin. mant. p. 51. Pers. ench. 1. p. 261. Bracteas silvery, awned at the apex. Arabian Paronychia. Pl. diffuse. 8 P. roryconirézia (D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3. vol. 3. p. 403.) stems trailing, branched; leaves oblong-linear, smoothish, acute, not mucronate; flowers rather crowded in the axils of the leaves ; lobes of calyx ending in a short mucrone each. Y%.H. Native of Dauphiny, Spain, and Balearic Islands. Illécebrum_polygo- nifdlium, Vill. in Schrad. journ. 1801. p. 410. t. 4. Illécebrum verticillàtum 6, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1205. Illécebrum alpinum, Vill. dauph. 1. p. 296. This plant hardly differs from P. ar- géntea, unless in the leaves being narrower. Knot-grass-leaved Paronychia. Pl. tr. 9 P. arce’ntEA (Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 230.) stems trailing, branched ; leaves ovate, smoothish, acutish ; flowers axillary and terminal, crowded ; lobes of calyx ending in a short mucrone each. Y. H. Native of the south of Europe, in dry exposed places. D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3. vol. 3. p- 404. Illécebrum Parony- chia, Lin. spec. p. 299. Smith, fl. graec. t. 246.—Barrel. icon. t: 726. P. argéntea and P. Hispánica, D. C. dict. ency. 5. p. 24. There is a variety with rounder glabrous leaves. Bracteas white, Shining, acuminated. Perhaps the same as Illécebrum Itélicum and Ill. Narbonénse, Vill. in Schrad. journ. 1801. p. 411. Var. B, Mauriténica (D. C. prod. 3. p. 371.) leaves broader ; heads large, distant. 2. H. Native of Mauritania and the Archipelago. Illécebrum Mauritadnicum, Willd. rel. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 516. Silvery Paronychia. PI. tr. : 10 P. carrra’ra (Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 229.) stems erectish ; leaves oblong, keeled, ciliated, pubescent ; bracteas acuminated ; heads of flowers terminal; lobes of calyx linear, unequal. %. H. Native of the south of Europe, in arid places. D. C. fi. fr. ed. 3. vol. 3. p. 404. P. rígida, Moench. meth. p. 315. Illécebrum Capitatum, Lin. spec. 1. p. 299. Smith, fl. graec. t. 247—Lob. icon, 420. f. 1. Flowers white. Perhaps the same as Illéce- brum Lugdunénse, Vill. in Schrad. journ. 1801. t. 4.? Capitate-flowered Paronychia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1683. l. $ to 2 foot. 11 P. serryrLIròLIA (D.C. in Lam. dict. 5. p. 24. fl. fr. ed. 3. Vol. 3. p. 404.) stems prostrate, creeping, knotted, branched ; leaves obovate, flat, rather fleshy, with ciliated margins ; flowers terminal ; bracteas acuminated ; lobes of calyx awnless. Y. H. ative of the south of Europe, in arid places. Illécebrum ser- Pyllifòlium, Vill. in Schrad. journ. 1801. t. 4. Flowers white. VOL. II 89 Var. B, herniarioùdes (Pourr. chl. narb. p. 321.) leaves sub- cordate. Wild-thyme-leaved Paronychia. Pl. prostrate. 12 P. nivea (D.C. dict. ency. 5. p. 25.) stems erectish, much branched; leaves oblong, acute, flattish, pubescent; bracteas large, short-acuminated ; heads of flowers terminal; lobes of calyx awnless. 2.?H. Native of Spain, Italy, the Levant, &c. in arid places.—Barrel. icon. t. 687. and 725.? Illécebrum niveum, Pers. ench. 1. p. 261. Illécebrum cephalotes, Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 169. Perhaps the same as Ill. maritimum, Vill. l.c. P. Arragénica, Schultes, syst. 5. p. 520.2? Flowers snow white. Snowy Paronychia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1812. Pl. } to} ft. 13 P. aretioipes (D. C. prod. 3. p. 371.) stems fruticulose, ascending, much branched; branchlets hairy; leaves clothed with silky pubescence, oval-oblong, obtuse, not exceeding the stipulas ; bracteas obtuse; heads of flowers terminal. 2. H. Native of Spain, in the province of Valentia. Illécebrum are-. tioides, Pourr. ined. ex L. Dufi. in litt. Aretia-like Paronychia. Pl. 4 to 4 foot. 14 P, Canarte’nse (Juss. mem. mus. 1. p. 389.) stem shrubby, erect, branched at the apex; branches rather hoary from short white hairs; leaves ovate, acute, downy; cymes panicled, branched, loose; bracteas mucronately awned at the apex, but not hiding the flowers. h.G. Native of Teneriffe. Habit of Polycarpæa Canariénsis, but differs in the ovarium being 1-seeded. Canary Paronychia. PI. 4 to 4 foot. 15 P. Smrrui (Choisy, mss. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 371.) stem shrubby, erect, branched; leaves linear-oblong, acumi- nated, nerveless, and are, as well as the branches, glabrous ; cymes few-flowered, loose: lobes of calyx mucronately awned. h.G. Native of the Canary Islands. Smith’s Paronychia. Shrub 4 to 4 foot. 16 P. nernrarioipes (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 159.) plant her- baceous, trailing, crowded, downy all over; leaves oblong-oval, ciliated, terminated by a bristle ; lobes of calyx subulate, ending each in a spreading setaceous acumen. %. H. Native of South Carolina, in arid sandy places. Anychia herniarioides, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 118. Anychia Herniarize, Pers. ench. 1. a201 fe Rupture-wort-like Paronychia. Pl. tr. 17 P. picuo’roma (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 159.) plant rather herbaceous, tufted, procumbent, glabrous ; leaves linear, acerose, acute, marked by a double line on the back ; stipulas bifid ; cymes dichotomous ; bracteas shorter than the flowers ; lobes of calyx ending in a short mucrone each. 2.H. Native of Vir- ginia, on rocks at the river Shenondoah. Achyranthes dichétoma, Lin. mant. p. 51. Dichotomous Paronychia. PI. procumbent. 18 P. arcyro’coma (Nutt. l. c. p. 160.) plant herbaceous, tufted, procumbent, pubescent; leaves linear, acutely pungent, villous, nerveless; stipulas entire; cymes dichotomous; brac- teas about equal in length to the flowers ; lobes of calyx mucro- nate. 2%. H. Native of Lower Carolina and of Tennessee, among rocks on the mountains. Anychia argyrécoma, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 114. In habit this plant approaches the preceding. Stipulas elongated. Bracteas acuminated. Flowers white. Silvery-tufted Paronychia. Pl. procumbent. 19 P. sesstrirtora (Nutt. 1. c. p. 160.) plant densely tufted, much branched, glabrous ; leaves linear-subulate, acute : superior ones longer, recurved; stipulas about equal in length to the leaves, bifid; flowers terminal, sessile ; lobes of calyx arched on the inside at the apex, and ending in a long awn each on the Fl. June, Aug. Clit. 1818. 90 outside. 2%. H. Native of North America, on the more elevated hills about the Missouri, near Fort Mandan; on the dry banks of the north branch of the Saskat- chawan, between Carlton House and Edmonton House. Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 227. t. 75. E 22.) Sessile - flowered Paronychia. Pl. 4 foot. PARONYCHIEZ. VII. Paronycuta. FIG, 22. Secr. III. Acantuony’cu1a (from axaySoc, acanthos, a spine, and ovvé, onyx, a claw; in refer- ence to the 3 outer lobes of the calyx, being each furnished with an awn-like spine at the apex). D. C. prod. 3. p. 372. Lobes o calyx unequal, 3 outer ones furnished each with an awn-like spine at the apex, 2 inner ones small, and nearly unarmed. Stigmas 2, sessile. 20 P. Rose’rra (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 188. t. 113.) stems trailing, woolly ; leaves linear-subulate, mucronate, smoothish ; lobes of calyx unequal, 3 outer ones the largest, and furnished with a long mucrone each : 2 inner ones smaller, and nearly awn- less. Flowers crowded in the axils of the leaves. Y.G. Na- tive of Brazil, in the province of St. Catharine, in sand by the sea side, where it is called by the inhabitants Rosetta. Probably a species of Pentac@ na. Rosetta Paronychia. Pls tr. t Species not sufficiently known. 21 P. renuiroura (D.C. prod. 3. p. 372.) stem branched, diffuse, hairy; leaves linear-lanceolate, somewhat ciliated ; flowers axillary, longer than the stipulas. ©. H. Native country unknown. Illécebrum tenuifdlium, Willd. enum. suppl. pokes Fine-leaved Paronychia. procumbent. 22 P. seprroria (Salt. itin. abyss. ed germ. 1. p. 476. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 523.) This species is not de- scribed. Stone-crop-leaved Paronychia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Pl. Pl. + Plants referred by authors to the genus Paronychia, which are to be excluded. 1 P. lanugindsa (Poir. suppl. 4. p. 302.) is probably a species of Gomphréna. 2 P. Bengalénsis (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 521. but not of Juss.) is probably a species of Achyranthes. 3 P. tenélla (Hortul. or Ilécebrum tenéllum of Desf.) is per- haps a species of Alternanthéra. 4 P. dichétoma (D.C. in Lam. dict. but not of Nutt.) is Her- niaria dichétoma. 5 P. subulata is Polycarpe‘a spadicea. 6 P. linearifdlia is now Polycarpæ'a linearifélia. Cult. All the species of this genus are well adapted for orna- menting rock-work, from their dwarf stature, and generally trailing habit. Most of them, however, grow best in small pots in sand and loam, filling the pots half way with sherds ; and they are easily increased by dividing the plants at the root, or by cuttings under a hand-glass, or by seeds. The seeds of the annual species only require to be sown in the open border or on rock-work. Some of the species are marked green-house and frame ; these require to be protected from frost in winter. VIII. PENTACZE'NA (from revre, pente, five, and arawa, VIII. Pentacena. IX. Carpionema. X. POoLYCARPÆA. akaina, a thorn; in reference to the 5 spiny lobes of the calyx), Bartling in reliq. Hoenk. 2. p. 5. t. 49. f. 1. Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Calyx 5-parted; segments very unequal: 3 outer ones spiny at the apex, and woolly on the margins: 2 inner ones much shorter, boat-shaped, and armed on the back. Stamens 5, without any sterile filaments ; anthers 2- celled. Stigmas 2, short. Fruit 1-seeded. 1 P. raĮmosrssima (Hook. et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 248.) stems trailing, woolly ; leaves linear-subulate, mucronate ; lobes of calyx unequal, all linear and hood-formed, ending each in a very long point on the back ; flowers sessile, axillary, crowded, u.G. Native of Brazil, on the confines of the province of Rio Grande de St. Pedro do Sul, and of the province of Cisplatin; and among rocks about Monte Video; of.Chili, in Las Achiras, province of Cordova, Valparaiso, and Buenos Ayres; also of Mexico, at the foot of Mount Orizaba. Paronychia ramosissima, D.C. prod. 3. p. 372. mem. paron. p. 12. t. 4. Loeflingia ramosissima, Weinm. in bot. zeit. p. 608. Pent. polychnemo- noides, Bartl. in Presl. reliq. Heenk. 2. p. 5. t. 49. f. 1. Stipulas scarious, woolly. Much-branched Pentacena. Pl. tr. Cult. See Paronychia for culture and propagation. IX. CARDIONE’MA (from kapòa, cardia, the heart, and yma, nema, a filament; in reference to the sterile filaments being obcordate). D.C. prod. 3. p. 372.—Bivonee‘a, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. ined. but not of D. C. nor Spreng. Lin. syst. Penténdria, Digynia. Calyx 5-parted ; lobes conniv- ing, rather coloured inside, and rather concave, drawn out on the back at the apex into a long straight conical horn each. Petals wanting. Stamens 5, opposite the lobes of the calyx, and inserted in their base ; 2 of which are sterile, obcordate, and flat: and 3 fertile, obcordate at the base, bearing each a slender antheriferous filament in the recess; anthers roundish, 2-celled. Styles 2, hardly concrete at the base, long, revolute. Fruit 1-seeded, ovate-oblong.—A small many-stemmed herb. Leaves opposite, crowded, rather distich, linear, acute. Flowers sessile, axillary, small, greenish white, each furnished with 5 bracteas, 4 of the bracteas linear and entire, the fifth larger and serrulated. 1 C. mutticau’te (D.C. prod. 3. p. 373. mem. par. t. 1) Xy. G. Native of Mexico. Bivone'a multicailis, Moc. €t Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Many-stemmed Cardionema. PI. small. : Cult. This plant is to be cultivated and propagated in the same manner as that recommended for the species of Paronychia. It will require protection in winter, by placing it in a frame or green-house. Tribe III. POLYCARPÆÆ (this tribe contains plants agreeing with Polycarpe‘a in important characters). D. C. prod. 3. p. 373. Calyx 5-parted (f. 23. a.). Petals 5 (f. 23. d.) or wanting: Stamens 1-5, inserted in the bottom of the calyx. Styles 2-3; sometimes distinct from the base, and sometimes connecte® Capsule 1-celled (f. 23. e.), many-seeded. Seeds fixed to the central placenta.—Herbs or subshrubs. Leaves opposite. Str The stamens in some of the genera are nearly PARONYCHIEA. X. Potycarpma. À 91 p. 240.—Móllia, Willd. hort. berol. 1. p. 11.—Lahàya, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 402.—Hyàla, Lher. mss.—Anthyýllis species, Adans.—Polia, Lour. Liv. syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx more or less deeply 5-parted, permanent ; lobes membranous, flattish, neither keeled nor mucronate. Petals 5, inserted in the bottom of the calyx, and opposite its lobes. Style one, 3-furrowed at the apex. Cap- sule 1-celled, trigonal, 3-valved, many-seeded. Seeds rather reni- form.—Branched dichotomous herbs. Leaves opposite, stipulate, young ones disposed in fascicles in the axils of the old leaves. Flowers cymose ; cymes usually forming a terminal corymb. 1 P. cnapuaropes (Poir. suppl. 4. p. 473.) stems suffruticose, prostrate ; leaves oblong, clothed with hoary tomentum; flowers crowded into terminal subcapitate cymes. 2%. F. Native about Mogodor, on the coast of Africa, in sandy places; and of the Grand Canary Island and Teneriffe. Illécebrum gnaphalddes, Schousb. mar. 1. p. 117. Polycarpee'a microphylla, Cav. anal. scienc. no. 7. p. 25. Hagea gnaphalddes, Pers. ench. 1. p. 262. Lahaya gnaphalddes, Schultes, syst. 5. p. 405. Millia gnapha- lòdes, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 794. Flowers white. Cotiony Polycarpea. FI. June, July. Clt. 1818. PI. pros. 2 P. ratirox1a (Poir. l. c.) stems suffruticose, diffuse ; leaves obovate, mucronate by an awn; cauline leaves usually 6 in a whorl, those of the branches opposite; cymes terminal, corym- bosely capitate; stipulas, bracteas, and calyxes scarious, and acuminated. h. F. Native of Teneriffe, among rocks in woods. Millia latifolia, Willd. enum. 1. p. 269. Schrank, pl. rar. hort. mon. t. 29. Lahaya latifdlia, Schultes, syst. 5. p. 403. Flowers white. i e Polycarpæa. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1810. Pl. 0g oot. 3 P. Tenzrirrz (Lam. journ. hist. nat. 2. p. 8. t. 25.) stem branched, diffuse; cauline leaves petiolate, ovate, usually 6 in a whorl ; cymes dichotomous, corymbose, many-flowered ; lobes of calyx with membranous margins. ©.H. Native of Tene- riffe, by way sides. I]lécebrum divaricatum, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 1. p. 291. Hagea Teneriffe, Pers. ench. 1. p. 262. Millia diffiisa, Willd. hort. berol. 1. t. 11. Lahaya diffusa, Schult. syst. 5. p. 402. Flowers white. Teneriffe Polycarpeea. Pl. 4 to 4 foot. 4 P. arisra‘ra (Chr. Smith in litt. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 373.) stems branched, suffruticulose ; leaves usually 6 in a whorl, lan- ceolate-linear: young ones silky, mucronated by an awn: old Ones nearly glabrous, and almost awnless ; cymes corymbose, terminal ; calyxes with membranous margins. h.F. Native of the Canary Islands, on the Pico de Teyde. Illécebrum aris- tatum, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 1. p. 290. Millia aristata, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p- 62. Lahaya aristàta, Schult. syst. 5. p. 403. Stems erect or diffuse. Flowers white. Anned-leaved Polycarpea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1780. Pl. 4 to 4 foot. 5 P. Mempunirtca (Delil. fl. egypt. p. 67. t. 24. f. 2.) stems herbaceous, diffuse, branched, villous; leaves usually 6 in a whorl, oval-oblong, narrowed into the petiole ; cymes terminal, few-flowered ; calyx pubescent, with membranous margins. ©. + Native of fields about Cairo, and along the banks of the Nile, and in its islands. Style very short; stigmas 3, nearly sessile, Petals quite entire. This plant, although very distinct, 18 joined with P. gnaphalddes by Spreng. Memphitic Polycarpea. Pl. diffuse. 6 P. rra’eruis (Delisle, fl. egypt. p. 65. t. 24. f. 1.) stems herbaceous, prostrate, brittle; leaves opposite, aggregate, lan- ceolate, mucronate, with replicate edges; cymes corymbose, ter- minal, many-flowered. .F. Native of Egypt, in the deserts about the pyramids, &c. Móllia fragilis, Spreng. syst. 1. p- 795. Style filiform, length of petals. Seeds 8-10. Flowers white. Var. a, incàna (D.C. prod. 3. p. 874.) stem and leaves cloth- ed with grey tomentum. Var. B, virens (D.C. 1. c.) leaves glabrous.—Corrigiola ré- pens, Forsk. descr. p. 207. ex Delisle. Brittle Polycarpea. PI. prostrate. 7 P. sretra‘ra (D.C. prod. 3. p. 374.) stems diffuse, much branched, suffruticulose ; leaves usually 6 in a whorl, linear, flat, and are, as well as the branches, rather pilose ; cymes terminal, many-flowered, corymbose ; calyxes scarious. ©. F. Native of Guinea. Achyranthes stellata, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1195. Mollia stellata, Willd. hort. berol. Lahaya stellata, Schultes, syst. 5. p. 403 Root perpendicular, simple. Habit of P. Te- neriff@, but differs in the leaves being linear. Stellate-leaved Polycarpea. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl. + foot. 8 P.corymposa (Lam. ill. no. 2798.) stems erect, herbaceous, tomentose ; branches divaricate ; leaves usually 6 in a whorl, linear, awned; cymes corymbose, loosish; calyxes scarious, acuminated. %.? F. or ©. Native of Ceylon. Achyranthes corymbosa, Lin. spec. p. 296. (exclusive of the synonyme of Plukenet, which is referrible to Celdsia Monsonie). Willd. spec. 1. p. 1196. (exclusive of the synonyme of Loureiro, which is referrible to Polycarpe@‘a spadicea). Lahaya corymbòsa, Schultes, syst. 5. p. 404. Pol. Indica, Lam. journ. hist. nat. 2. p. 8. Celésia corymbésa, Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 310. ?—Bocc. mus, 44. t. 39. good.—Burm. zeyl. t. 65. f. 2. Flowers white. Corymbose-flowered Polycarpea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. Pl. 1 foot. 9 P. spapr‘cea (Lam. 1. c. no. 2799.) stems ascending, diffuse, branched, suffruticose at the base ; branches tomentose; leaves linear, bluntish, when young rather tomentose ; cymes terminal, corymbose; calyxes scarious. 2f.? h.?S. Native of the East Indies, on the coasts of Malabar and Tranquebar.—Rheed. mal. 10. t. 66. Celdsia corymbosa, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1200. exclu- sive of the synonyme of Retz. Móllia spadicea, Willd. hort. berol. Lahaya spadicea, Schultes, syst. 5. p. 405. Pòlia are- naria, Lour. coch. p. 164. Allied to P. corymbdsa, but is more diffuse in habit ; leaves broader and shorter, in more dis- tant whorls; lobes of calyx less acuminated. Perhaps Parony- chia subulata, D. C. in Lam. dict. 5. p. 25. or Ilécebrum subu- latum, Pers. ench. 1. p. 261. is referrible to this species. Chestnut-brown Polycarpea. PI. 1 foot, diffuse. 10 P. Brastuie’nsis (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 183.) stems erect, puberulous; leaves linear-subulate, with revolute margins, mu- cronate, puberulous ; cymes corymb-formed ; calycine lobes very acute, puberulous; petals ovate-orbicular, one-half shorter than the calyx. %. S. Native of Brazil, in that part of the pro- vince of St. Paul called Campos Geraes, near Fazenda de Jaqua- riahiba. Flowers densely clothed with white tomentum. Petals at first white, but at length of a dirty yellow-colour. Root fusi- form, with many stems rising from the neck. Var. 2, ramosissima (St. Hil. 1. c.) stems much branched ; leaves setaceous ; cymes branched; flowers a little smaller than those of the species. Native of Brazil, in the province of Goyaz, on the sandy Mountain called Serra dos Pyreneos; also on the road to Campo Allegre, in the province of Minas Geraes. Brazilian Polycarpea. PI. 4 to 3 foot. 11 P. renuirot1a (D. C. prod. 3. p. 374.) stems erect, branched ; leaves opposite, linear-subulate, keeled below ; cymes terminal, dichotomous, corymbose; calyxes scarious, length of capsule. h.S. Native of Sierra Leone. Achyranthes tenui- folia, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1196. Mbllia tenuifdlia, Willd, hort. berol. Lahaya tenuifolia, Schult. syst. 1. p. 404. Leaves with revolute margins. Stipulas minute, diaphanous. Fine-leaved Polycarpea. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1817. Pl. 4 to į foot. N2 92 PARONYCHIEA. X. Porycarpma. 12 P. crasriroxia (D. C. l. c. and mem. par. t. 5.) stems erect, branched, suffruticose; branches pubescent ; leaves gla- brous, oblong-linear, bluntish, twice the length of the stipulas ; cymes terminal, dense, many-flowered, in crowded heads. h.? ¥.?S. Native of Sierra Leone. This species differs from P. tenuifdlia in the leaves not being subulate, nor keeled, nor with revolute edges; in the stipulas being large, and in the flowers being capitate. Glabrous-leaved Polycarpea. PI. 1 foot. 13 P. rrngarrronia (D. C. l.c. and mem. par. t. 6.) stems erect, or somewhat ascending at the base, branched ; branches pubescently hairy; leaves linear, elongated, pubescent, 3 times longer than the stipulas; cymes crowded into a dense terminal roundish head. ©. F. Native of Senegal. Paronychia lineari- folia, D.C. in Lam. dict. 5. p. 26. Tllécebrum linearifdlium, Pers. ench. 1. p. 261. Alternanthéra erécta, Rchb. in Sieb. pl. exsic. seneg. no. 60. Habit of Celdsia, but the characters are those of Polycarpe‘a. Linear-leaved Polycarpzea. Pl. 1 foot. 14 P. rranKENtoipEs (Presl. in Heenk. reliq. 2. p. 6.) stems much branched, diffuse, procumbent, roughish ; branches oppo- site ; leaves opposite, oblong, obtuse, clothed with rough pubes- cence ; flowers in dichotomous corymbose panicles ; sepals blunt- ish, pilose. ©.H. Native of the Island of Luzon. Frankenia-like Polycarpeea. Pl. procumbent. + Species not sufficiently known. 15 P. carnosa (Chr. Smith in Buch. can. p. 142.) stem shrubby ; leaves 6 in a whorl, fleshy: lower ones spatulate : upper ones lanceolate ; stipulas very short, jagged. h.G. Na- tive of the Canary Islands. Fleshy Polycarpea. Shrub 1 foot. 16 P. Smrrui (Link in Buch. can. p. 142.) leaves 6 in a whorl, linear, glabrous, obtuse ; stipulas very short; panicle dichotomous; branchlets divaricate; bracteas ovate, shorter than the calyx. h.G. Native of the Canaries, in the island of Palma, at Cumbre de Caldera. Very nearly allied to P. stel- làta but differs in the panicle. Smith's Polycarpea. Pl. 4 to 4 foot. 17 P.? mrnuartioipes (D.C. prod. 3. p. 875.) stem shrubby, branched; branches tomentose; leaves subulate, crowded; cymes axillary, few-flowered. h.F. Native of the south of Spain. Méllia minuartioides, Spreng. mant. 1. p. 37. ex Schultes. Lahaya minuartioides, Schultes, syst. 5. p. 406. This is a very doubtful species, being omitted in Spreng. syst. Minuartia-like Polycarpea. FI. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1826. Pl. 4 ft. 18 P.? pepre’ssa (D.C. l.c.) stems herbaceous, depressed, diffuse; leaves opposite, crowded into something like whorles, wedge-shaped ; stipulas 4-cleft? flowers terminal, triandrous ; calyx fleshy; petals linear, 4-toothed at the apex. ©. F. Native of the East Indies. Pharnaceum depréssum, Lin. mant. p. 564. Loeflingia I’ndica, Retz, ind. p. 48. Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 169. This plant is certainly neither a Leeflingia nor a Pharna- ceum ; from the stipulas and many-seeded capsule, it agrees more nearly with Polycarpe‘a, but differs in the fleshy calyx, and triandrous flowers : perhaps it is more nearly allied to Pollichia, but the calyx in this plant is said to be 5-parted. Depressed Polycarpea. Pl. depressed. Cult. The seeds of the annual species of Polycarpe‘a should be reared on a hot-bed early in spring. The perennial and shrubby species being either green-house, or frame plants, require to be kept in their respective places: they are easily in- creased by cuttings under a hand-glass, those of the stove species in heat. XI. STIPULICIDA (from stipula, a stipula, and cedo, to cut; stipulas cut or jagged). Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 26. t. XI. STIPULICIDA. XII. Batarpia. XIII. Aversta. 6. Ell. sketch. p. 51. Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 29. D. C. prod. 3. p- 375.—Polycarpon species, Pers. Roem. and Spreng. Lin. syst. Tridndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted; lobes oval, with membranous margins. Petals 5, cuneate-oblong, en- tire. Stamens 3, inserted with the petals into the disk or torus, Style short; stigmas 3. Capsule l-celled, 3-valved. Seeds few, fixed by funicles to the central placenta.—Small perennial dichotomous herbs, native of North America. Radical leaves almost like those of Polycarpe‘a Teneriffe, ovate, petiolate; cauline leaves sessile, opposite, small. Stipulas jagged. Flowers small, tern, terminal. An intermediate genus between Poly- carpon and Polycarpé a, from the sepals being flattish as in Po- lycarp@‘a, and in the stamens being 3, as in Polycarpon ; but differs from both in the petals and stamens being expressly hypo- gynous according to Richard in Michx. l. c. ; the genus therefore perhaps ought to have been placed in Caryophillee. 1 S. sera'cea (Michx. l. c.) %. F. Native of Lower Carolina, in sandy arid places. Polycárpum stipulifidum, Pers. ench. 1. p.111. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 90. Plant gla- brous, setaceous, erect, many times dichotomous. Setaceous Stipulicida. Pl. 4 foot. Cult. See Ortégia, p. 93. for culture and propagation. XII. BALA’RDIA (in honour of M. Balard, of Montpelier, who was the first to detect a new chemical principle called brome). St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 180. Lin. syst. Di-Tetréndria, Trigynia. Calyx 5-parted almost to the base, permanent ; segments flattish. Petals none. Sta- mens 2-3-4, inserted in the receptacle. Styles 3, very short, papilliferous inside. Capsule 3-valved, many-seeded ; valves membranous. Seed subovoid, fixed to the central placenta.— An annual, branched, dichotomous herb, with opposite, stipu- late leaves, and cymose flowers. 1 B. Prarte’nsis (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 181. t. 111.) leaves linear, about equal in length to the internodes, mucronulate j cymes branched, many-flowered. ©. H. Native of Brazil, in the southern part of the province of Cisplatine, near Povo de Canelones; and in the western part near Pueblo de las Viboras; also of Buenos Ayres. Plate Balardia. Pl. 4 foot. Cult. The seeds of this plant should be sown on a hot-bed in spring, and the plants may be planted out in the open border in the month of May, in any warm dry situation. Not worth cultivating, excepting in a botanic garden. XIII. AVE'RSIA (in honour of M. Avers, D.M. P., who has written a dissertation on the Nicotiana Tabécum, in which he treats of its various qualities). St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 184. Lin. syst. Tridndria, Monogijnia. Calyx deeply 5-parted, permanent ; lobes thickened in the middle, keeled. Petals 5, inserted in the bottom of the calyx. Stamens 3, inserted with the petals; filaments dilated at the base, joined to the petals and together at the base. Style 1, trifid ; lobes papilliferous inside. Capsule 3- valved, many-seeded ; valves membranous: Seeds fixed to the central placenta, cylindrical. Embryo in the middle of fleshy albumen, not at one side as in Polycarp@ a~ A trailing branched herb, with opposite stipulate leaves ; young leaves or abortive branches in fascicles in the axils of the older leaves. Cymes branched, many-flowered. = 1 A. FRANKENIOÌDES (St. Hil. 1l. c. t. 112.) stems trailing, branched ; leaves lanceolate, bluntish, narrowed into the petiole, pubescent; cymes many-flowered ; segments of calyx obtusé pubescent; petals and stamens one half shorter than the caly% ©. H. Native of Brazil, on the sandy banks of the rivers Parahyba, Rio Doce, Jiquitinhonha, Rio de St. Francisco, &€: Flowers white. PARONYCHIEZR. XIV. Orrecta. Frankenia-like Aversia. Cult. XIV. ORTEGIA (in honour of Joseph E. de Ortega, a Spanish botanist, companion of Leoefling in his travels. See Leeflingia). Leefl. itin. p. 112. Lin. gen. no. 51. Geertn. fr. 2, p. 224, te 129. f. 8. Ser. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 388. and 3. p. 875.—Ortéga, Lin. spec. ed. 1.—Juncaria, Clus. Lin. syst. Triándria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals, or 5-parted ; sepals erect, oblong, a little keeled. Petals wanting. Stamens 5, 3 of which are fertile, inserted in the torus in front of 3 of the sepals; the other 2 almost vanished, or small, sterile, and scale-formed. Ovarium ovate. Style 1, capitate at the apex, or bifid. Capsule 3-valved. Seeds numerous, fixed to the central placenta. Embryo straight, placed on the back of the albumen.— Erect, much-branched herbs. Leaves opposite, linear, with 2 black dots at the sides, from which the stipulas have fallen. Cymes dichotomous, many-flowered. Flowers greenish-white. Stamens hypogynous, as in Stipulicida and Polycarpe‘a. 1 O. Hispa’nica (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 560.) stigma capitate. UE. H. Native of Spain, about Madrid and many other places. oe 1. t. 47,—Clus. hist. 2. p. 174. f. 2. Vahl. enum. 2. P: 25. Spanish Ortegia. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1768. Pl. 4 foot. 2 O. picHóroma (Lin. mant. p. 175.) stigma trifid. %. H. Native of Italy and Piedmont, about Giavena. All. act. taur. 3. p.176. t.4. f. 1. D.C. fl. fr. ed. 3. vol. 4. p. 726. Vahl. symb. 2. p. 25. Cyme more loose than that of the first species, and therefore it is more distinctly dichotomous, but divided in a similar way. Dichotomous Ortegia. Fl. Aug.Sept. Cl. 1781. Pl. 4 foot. Cult. The species thrive best in light soil; and are increased by cuttings or seeds. They are well fitted for rock work, or to be'grown in small pots among other alpine plants. XV. POLYCA’RPON (from zodv, poly, many, and raproc, karpos, a seed; seeds numerous). Leefl. in Lin. gen. no. 105. Gertn. fr. 2. t. 129. Lam. ill. te 51. Juss. mem. mus. 2. p. 890. D.C, prod. 3. p. 376.—Trichlis, Hall. goett—Anthyllis Species, Adans. Lin. syst. Tri-Pentdndria, Trigynia. Calyx deeply 5- cleft (f. 23, a.), permanent ; segments concave, keeled, mucronate at the apex. Petals 5 (f. 23. b.), emarginate, inserted in the tube of the calyx. Stamens 3-5, inserted in the tube of the calyx. Style trid ; lobes papilliferous inside. Capsule 1-celled, 8-valved (f. 23. e.), many-seeded. Seeds nearly ovoid, a little Curved, fixed to the central placenta.—Annual, branched, dicho- tomfous herbs. Leaves opposite, or 4 ina whorl; young ones usually disposed in fascicles in the axils of the old leaves. /Owers in cymose corymbs. Stipulas and bracteas small, sca- Tlous.—This genus agrees with Adendrium, but differs in the Stamens being equal in number to the petals, not as in Caryo- phyllee, double that number. * Flowers triandrous. 1 P. Avurr’nsz (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 40.) wers triandrous; petals emarginate? leaves 5-10 in a whorl. À AL Native of South America, on the banks of the river Ta in the province of de Varinas. Stems diffuse, pubes- oF et Leaves linear-spatulate. Cymes dichotomous. Lobes calyx obtuse. Stamens and styles 3. Apures All-seed. PI. 4 to Ł foot. 2 P. TETRAPHY’LLUM (Lin. fil. suppl. 116.) flowers triandrous ; Petals emarginate; lower leaves 4 in a whorl; rameal ones op- pate, obovate-oblong, rounded at the apex, mucronulate, shorter an the internodes. ©. H. Native of Europe, Canary Islands; razil on walls, about the town of St. Paul. In England, on the Pl. trailing, 4 foot. See Baldrdia above for culture and propagation. flo XV. Potycarron. XVI. Cerpia, 93 west coast; on various parts of the coast of Devonshire, Somer- FIG, 23. setshire, and Portland Island.— Smith, engl. bot. t.1031. Krock. fi. siles. t. 42. Mollùgo tetra- phylla, Lin. spec. 1. p. 89. Var. B, diphýllum (D. C. prod. 3. p. 376.) leaves all opposite. ©. H. Polycárpon diphyllum, Cav. icon. 2. p. 40. t. 151. f. 1. Paronychia striata, D. C. in Lam. dict. 5. p- 25.2? Illéce- brum striatum, Pers. ench. 1. p. 261. Four-leaved All-seed. Fl, Ju. Jul. Engl. Pl. 4 foot. * * Flowers pentandrous. 3 P. arstneFouium (D. C. prod. 3. p. 376.) flowers pentan- drous; petals nearly entire: leaves oval, rather fleshy ; flowers crowded into terminal cymes. ©. H. Native of Sicily, France, between Cetta and Narbonne, and also of the Cape of Good Hope and New Holland, on the sandy sea-coast. Boce. sic. p- 71. t. 38. Hagea alsinefdlia, Biv. manip. 3. p. 7. Lahaya alsinefdlia, Schultes, syst. 5. p. 405. Mbollia alsinefdlia, Schultes, syst. 1. p. 795. Holósteum tetraphyllum, Thunb. fl. cap. p. 120. Polycarpon spec. Sieb. fl. nov. holl. no. 570. Tile- cebrum alsinef dlium, Lin. mant. 51.? Very like P. tetraphyl- lum, but differs in the leaves heing smooth and oval; and in the flowers being pentandrous, larger, fewer, and more crowded. Chickweed-leaved All-seed. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1817. Pl. 4 ft. 4 P. peptoipss (D. C. prod. 3. p. 376.) flowers pentandrous ; petals quite entire; leaves opposite, obovate; flowers crowded into terminal cymes. 2%. F. Native of Sicily; France about Perpignon. Hagea polycarpoides, Biv. manip. 2. no. 3. Mollia Polycarpon, Spreng. nov. prod. p. 28. Lahaya polycarpoides, Schultes, syst. 5. p. 404. Arenaria peploides, Lapeyr. abr. p. 251. but not of Lin. Very like P. tetraphijllum, and, as in it, the leaves are sometimes 4 in a whorl ; but besides these charac- ters, it differs in the leaves being rounder ; cymes denser ; flowers a little larger, and pentandrous, &c. Water Purslane-like Polycarpon. Pl. $ foot. Cult. The seeds of the annual species of the genus only require to be sown in the open border in spring. The last spe- cies being perennial, should be grown in a small pot, and placed among other alpine plants. XVI. CE'RDIA (in honour of Juan de Dios Nizente de la Cerda, an artist attached to the Mexican expedition). Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 3. p. 377. Lin. syst. Monándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted ; lobes oblong; petaloid inside, drawn out each into a long mucrone at the apex. Petals wanting. Stamen 1, in front of one of the calycine segments. Ovarium ovate-globose. Style filiform, bifid at the apex. Capsule 1-celled, many-seeded,— Dwarf Mexican herbs, intermediate between Herniaria and Pollichia. Roots perennial, simple. Stems spreading. Leaves opposite, or in something like whorls, linear, cuspidate. Stipulas mem- branous, solitary between the opposite leaves. Flowers small, axillary, subpediceliate ; pedicels furnished with 1-2 bracteas. 1 C. virescens (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined, ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 377.) leaves opposite. 2%. G. _Native of Mexico. D. C. mem. par. t. 2. Flowers greenish-white inside. Greenish-flowered Cerdia. Pl. pr. 2 C. purrura'sceNs (Moc. et Sesse, l. c.) leaves 4 together in 94 PARONYCHIEÆ. XVII. Porucua. a kind of whorl. 4%.G. Native of Mexico. Flowers purplish inside. $ Purplish Cerdia. Pl. pr. Cult. These plants will grow well in a mixture of loam and sand, and are easily increased by dividing at the root, by cut- tings, or by seeds. Tribe IV. POLLICHIE & (this tribe only contains the genus Pollichia). D. C. prod. 3. p. 377. Calyx 5-toothed; tube urceolate. Sta- mens 1-2, inserted in the throat of the calyx. Petals wanting. Stigma bifid. Fruit or utriculus valveless, 1-seeded. Bracteas and calyx becoming large and fleshy after flowering, and forming something like a berry.—Suffruticose herbs, with opposite, sub- verticillate stipulaceous leaves. XVII. POLLI’CHIA (in honour of John Adam Pollich, M.D., author of a History of the native plants of the Pala- tinate of the Rhine). Sol. in Ait. hort. kew. (1789) 1. p. 5.; 3. p. 505. Juss. mem. mus. 2. p. 388. but not of Med. nor Roth. nor Willd.—Neckèria, Gmel. syst. (1796) 1. p. 16. but not of Hedw. nor Scop.—Meerbúrgia, Mcench, suppl. (1802) . 116. A Lin. syst. Monándria, Monogýnia. Calyx campanulately urceolate, 5-toothed, permanent. Petals wanting, unless the scales at the throat are to be taken for them. Stamen 1 (ex Møænch. rarely 2) inserted in the throat of the calyx. Style filiform ; stigma bifid. Capsule valveless, 1-seeded, inclosed in the thickened tube of the calyx.—A suffruticose branched herb. Leaves linear, opposite, but at first sight appear verticillate, in consequence of 2 rameal leaves rising in each axil, furnished with scarious acute stipulas, Flowers small, aggregate, sessile, bracteate. 1 P. camre’stnis (Ait. ].c. Smith. spicil. 1. t.1.). h.? %.? F. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Neckéria campéstris, Gmel. 1. c. Meerbirgia glomerdta, Moench. l. e. Flowers greenish. Bracteas mixed with the flowers, ciliated; scales full of sweet juice. Field Pollichia. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1780. Pl. 4 foot. Cult. The seeds of Pollichia must be raised on a hot-bed ; and when the plants are 2 inches high, they may be planted out singly into pots, placed among the greenhouse plants, and after- wards treated like them. + Genera placed in Paronychiéa, but are not sufficiently known. XVIII. LITHO’PHILA (from dcBoc, lithos, a stone, and grew, phileo, to love ; this plant delights to grow among stones). Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 47. t. 1. D.C. prod. 3. p. 380. Lin. syst. Didndria, Monogynia. Calyx profoundly 3- parted, acute. Petals 3, ovate-lanceolate. Scales, nectaries, or abortive stamens 2, opposite the segments of the calyx. Stamens 2, at one side of the ovarium. Style thick, bluntly emarginate at the apex. Fruit unknown.—A very minute gla- brous herb. Leaves stem-clasping, linear, obtuse. Flowers white, crowded. 1 L. muscoitpes (Swartz, l. c. p. 48.).—Native of the desert island of Navaza, among rocks. Moss-like Lithophila. Pl. 1 inch. Cult. This plant is not worth cultivating, unless in botanic gardens. Should it ever be introduced to our gardens, we would recommend its being grown in a pot filled with broken stones, having the crevices filled with vegetable mould. It may pro- bably be propagated by seeds. XIX. SELLO‘WIA (in honour of Frederick Sello, a Ger- man botanist, who was lately drowned in some creek of the XVIII. LITHOPHILA. XIX. SeLLowra. SCLERANTHEÆ. Amazon; and who has sent home many fine collections of Bra- silian plants). Roth. nov. spec. p. 162. D. C. prod. 3. p. 380. Lin. syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx urceolate, 5- cleft, membranous, 10-ribbed; lobes short, lanceolate; ribs bearing alternately a petal and a stamen. Petals 5, oval, altern- ating with the calycine lobes. Stamens 5, fixed in the middle of the calycine lobes, and shorter than them; anthers didy- mous. Style 1; stigma obtuse. Capsule 3-valved, 1-celled, 1-seeded.—A quite glabrous herb, with the habit of llécebrum verticillatum. Leaves opposite, oblong-oval. Flowers 1-2 in the axils of the leaves, small, white, and somewhat pedicellate, It is not known whether the leaves are stipulaceous or naked. 1 S. unierndsa (Roth. l. c. p. 163.). Native of the East Indies, in bogs. Bog Sellowia. PI. proc. _ Cult. Place a pan of water under the pot in which this plant is grown. Orver CXII. SCLERA’NTHEZ (plants agreeing in im- portant characters with Sclerdnthus) Link. enum. p. 417. Bartl. ex Mart. amarant, p. 67.—Paryonychiée, Tribe V. Scle- rántheæ, D. C. prod. 3. p. 377, &c. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx 4-5-parted (f. 24. a.). Stamens from 1 to 10, inserted in the orifice of the tube (f. 24. a.). Ova- rium simple, 1-seeded. Styles 2 (f. 24. e.) or 1, emarginate at the apex. Fruit a membranous utricle, inclosed within a hardened calyx. Seed hanging from the apex of a funicle, which arises from the bottom of the cell. Embryo cylindrical, curved round farinaceous albumen.—Small herbs. Leaves opposite, without stipulas. Flowers axillary, sessile. This order has been re- ferred by De Candolle to Paronychièæ, from which it differs in the absence of petals and stipulas, and therefore appears to con- stitute a distinct order, more nearly related to Chenopddee than Paronychiée, from which the plants chiefly differ in the indu- rated tube of the calyx, from the orifice of which the stamens proceed, and in the number of the latter exceeding that of the divisions of the calyx. The tribe Minuartiée is probably not distinguishable from Sclerántheæ, notwithstanding the supposed presence of petals, which would perhaps be more properly called abortive stamens. All the plants contained in this order are uninteresting weeds, of no known use. Synopsis of the genera. Trise I, Screra’ntHER. Calyx 4-5-toothed (f. 24. a.), with an urceo- late tube. Petals none. Stamens 1-10, inserted in the throat of the calyx (f. 24. a). Styles 2 (f. 24.e.) or 1, emarginate at the apex (f. 24. b.). Fruit an utricle, covered by the indurated tube of the calyx, 1-seeded. Seed hanging by a funicle, which arises from the bottom of the capsule. : 1 Mnia‘rum. Calyx 4-cleft, with an urceolate tube. Stamens 1. Styles 2. 2 Screra’ntaus. Calyx 5-cleft (f. 24. a.), with an urceolate tube. Stamens from 2 to 10. Styles 2 (f. 24. e.). 3 GUILLEMINEA. Calyx 5-cleft, with a campanulate tube. Style 1, emarginate at the apex. True II. Qurria‘'ce®. Calyx 5-parted. Petals none. Stamens 10, Stamens 5. SCLERANTHEZ, inserted in the bottom of the calyx. Capsule 3-valved. Seed hanging from a long funicle, which arises from the centre of the cell. 4 Que'sia, The character is the same as that of the tribe. Trisz III. Minvartie'z. Calyx 5-parted. Petals wanting or very minute. Stamens 3-10, inserted in the bottom of the calyx. Styles 8. Capsule 1-celled, 3-valved. Seeds numerous, fixed to the central placenta. 5 Minva’atia. Lobes of calyx quite entire. Styles 3. 6 Leru’xo1a. The 3 outer lobes of calyx bisetose at the base. Style 1, trifid at the apex. Tribe I. SCLERA’NTHEE (plants agreeing with Sclerdnthus in im- portant characters). Paronychiée, Tribe V. Sclerántheæ, D. C. prod. 3. p. 377. Calyx 4-5-cleft, with an urceolate tube. Petals wanting. Stamens 1-10, inserted in the throat of the calyx. Styles 2 or 1, emarginate at the apex. Fruit a 1-seeded mem- branous utricle, covered by the indurated tube of the calyx. Seed hanging from a long funicle, which arises from the bottom of the cell, and which is recurved at the apex.—Herbs, with op- posite exstipulate leaves. I. MNIA‘RUM (from pviapoc, mniaros, mossy ; in reference to the moss-like habit of the plants). Forst. gen. 1. t. 1. Lin. fil. suppl. 18. R. Br. prod. p. 412. St. Hil. plac. lib. p. 58. Juss. mem. mus. 2. p. 387. D.C. prod. 3. p. 378.—Ditoca, Banks ex Gaertn. fr. 2. p. 196. t. 126. Lin, syst. Mondndria, Digynia. Calyx 4-cleft, permanent, with an urceolate tube. Petals wanting. Stamen one, inserted in the throat of the calyx. Ovarium free, 1-seeded. Styles 2. Capsule valveless, membranous, covered by the indurated tube of the calyx. Seed one, as in Sclerdénthus.—Australian herbs. Leaves opposite, subulate. Peduncles axillary, bearing 4 brac- teas and 2 flowers at the apex, becoming after flowering elon- gated and stiff. The ovarium, according to Forster, is some- times 2-seeded. 1 M. sırròrum (Forst. 1. c.) stems tufted; branches quite glabrous ; leaves denticulated at the base, the rest quite entire. Y. G. Native of Van Diemen’s Land, Maria Island in New Holland, New Zealand, and of the Straits of Magellan. R. Br. prod. p. 412. Forst. comm. gætt. 1789. t. 1. M. pedunculà- tum, Labill. nov. holl, 1. t. 2. Ditòca muscòsa, Gærtn. l. c. Two-flowered Mniarum. FI. June, July. Cit. 1823. Pl. ft. 2 M. rascicuta'rum (R. Br. prod. p. 412.) stems many from the same neck, procumbent, branched ; branches clothed with fine pubescence ; leaves denticulated their whole length. 2%. G. Native of Van Diemen’s Land. Fascicled Mniarum. Pl. procumbent. í Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand, will suit the species of Mniàrum, and they may be propagated either by seeds or cuttings, II. SCLERA’NTHUS (from oxAnpoc, scleros, hard, and av- oc, anthos, a flower ; in reference to the dry juiceless calyx). sp fen. no. 562. Gaertn. fruct. t. 126. R. Br. prod. 1. p. 412. il. pl. libr. p. 58. Juss. mem. mus. 2. p. 387. Lix. ae PentarDieshadtia, Diginia. Calyx 5-cleft (f. 24. @.), permanent, with an urceolate tube. Petals wanting. Sta- mens inserted in the throat of the calyx, 10 (f. 24. a.), rarely 5 Or 2. Ovarium free, 2-seeded. Styles 2 (f. 24, ¢.). Capsu'e I. Mwytarum. II. SCLERANTHUS. 95 very thin, valveless, covered by the indurated tube of the calyx. Seed one, hanging from a long funicle, which arises from the bottom of the capsule, and is recurved at the apex.—Small herbs, with opposite linear leaves, which are rather connate at the base. Flowers small, greenish white, sessile in the axils of the forks of the branches. 1 S. pere’nnis (Lin. spec. 580.) flowers decandrous ; lobes of fructiferous calyx closed, obtuse, with white and membranous edges. /.H. Native of Europe and the Levant, in dry sandy fields. In England, on high open sandy fields, rare; as about Eldon, Suffolk, and plentifully near Snettingham, Norfolk ; near Bury St. Edmunds ; and Scotland, on a gravelly bank near For- far. Schkuhr, handb. t. 120. Fl. dan. t. 563. Smith, engl. bot. t. 352.—Ray, syn. p. 160. t. 5. f. 1. The Polish cochineal (Cóccus Polónicus) is found upon the roots in the summer months. Perennial Knawel. Fl. July, Aug. England. Pl. prostrate. 2 S. poLyca'rrus (Lin. spec. p. 581.) flowers subdecan- drous ; lobes of the calyx when in fruit rather spreading, and without any margin, acute, shorter than the tube. ©. H. Na- tive in sandy fields about Montpelier, but never gathered else- where in France ; also of Italy, according to Linnæus.—Column. ecphr. 1. t.294. It differs from S. dnnuus at first sight, in the flowers being one-half smaller ; but it is probably merely a variety of it. Many-fruited Knawel. Pl. procumbent. 3 S. a’nnuus (Lin. spec. p. 580.) flowers subdecandrous ; lobes of fructiferous calyx spread- ing, immarginate, acutish, about equal in length to thetube. ©. H. Native of Europe, the Le- vant, also of North America, in dry sandy cultivated fields ; plen- tiful in some parts of Britain. Fl. dan. 504. Smith, engl. bot. t. 851. Knawel 4nnuum, Scop. aos 501. There is a variety, according to Leers. which has only 5 or 7 stamens to each flower. The Swedes and Ger- mans receive the vapour arising from a decoction of it into their mouths to cure the tooth-ache. Annual Knawel. FI. July, Aug. Britain. 4 S. uirsv‘rus (Presl. del, FIG. 24. PI. 4 foot. p- 65.) flowers with 5 petals and 5 stamens; calyxes conniving, obtuse; stamens equalling the calyx in length ; anthers hairy ; stems pubescent. ©.H. Na- tive on Mount Etna, in the open regions. Leaves subulate, gla- brous. Flowers capitate. Hairy Knawel. PI. prostrate. 5 S. ru’ncens (R. Br. prod. p. 412.) flowers pentandrous, particularly having 5 fertile and 5 sterile stamens; lobes of fruc- tiferous calyx spreading; leaves subulate, triquetrous, mucro- nate, pungent, rough on the keel and margins. ©.? H. Na- tive of New Holland, on the south coast. Pungent-leaved Knawel. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1826. PI. procumbent. 6 S. pia’nper (Rr. Br. prod. p. 412.) flowers diandrous ; stamens mixed with scales; lobes of fructiferous calyx erect ; leaves subulate, keeled, mucronulate, almost naked on the keel and margins. ©. H. Native of Van Diemen's Land. Diandrous Knawel. PI. procumbent. Cult, The seeds of these plants only require to be sown in the open border. None of the species are worth cultivating ex- cept in botanic gardens. 96 SCLERANTHEE. I. GUILLEMI’NEA (in honour of John Anthony Guille- min, an acute French botanist, who has written on the family of plants called Gentidnee, &c.). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 41. t. 518. D. C. prod. 3. p. 378. Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft, with a campanulate tube; lobes equal. Petals wanting. Stamens 5, inserted in the top of the tube, opposite the calycine lobes, short: anthers 1-celled. Style 1, somewhat emarginate at the apex. Fruit an indehiscent 1-seeded utricle, covered by the calyx. Seed hanging by a funicle, which arises from the bottom of the capsule-—A South American trailing herb, with opposite branches. Stems woolly. Leaves glabrous, oblong, opposite, exstipulate, but the petioles are connate at the base. Flowers capitate, axillary. Bracteas under each flower. 1 G. woecesrioipes(H. B. et Kunth,l.c.) 2%. G. Native of South America, near Quito, in the valley of St. Jago. Illecebrum-like Guilleminea. PI. tr. Cult. Any common light soil will suit this plant, and it may be propagated from cuttings or seeds. III. GuILLEMINEA. Tribe II. QUERIA‘CE (this tribe contains nothing but the genus Quéria). Calyx 5-parted. Petals wanting. Stamens 10, in- serted in the bottom of the calyx. Capsule 3-valved. Seed 1, ona long funicle, which rises from the centre of the capsule.— Herbs, with opposite exstipulate leaves. IV. QUERIA (in honour of Joseph Quer y Martinez, M.D. professor of botany at Madrid; author of Flora Espanola, 1762). Leefi. itin. p. 48. Lin. gen. no. 108. Lam. ill. t. 52. St. Hil. plac. lib. p. 58. Juss. mem. mus. 2. p. 387. D. C. prod. 3. p. 379. Lin. syst. Decéndria, Trigynia. Stamens 10, slender, un- equal, sometimes 5 of which are sterile. Styles 3, very slender. Capsule membranous, 1-celled, 3-valved. Seed reniform when mature.—Small stiff annual herbs. Leaves opposite, crowded, setaceous, connate, recurved at the apex. Flowers in the axils of the upper branches and superior leaves, sessile, solitary. This genus is hardly distinct from Minudrtia, unless in the styles being 3; in the valves being 3, and form of the seeds, which are evidently solitary from abortion. 1 Q. Hispa’nica (Lin. spec. p. 182.) ©. H. Native of Spain, in dry exposed places. Quer, fl. esp. 6. t. 15. f. 2. Ort. cent. t 15. f- i Spanish Queria. inches. Fl. Aug. July. Cit. 1800. Pl. 1 to 2 + A doubtful species. 2 Q. TRICHÓTOMA (Thunb. in Lin. soc. trans. 2. p. 529.) ©. H. Native of Japan. Rubia, Thunb. fl. jap. p. 357. Stem trichotomous. Flowers racemose. Corolla cylindrical, below the fruit, Thunb. This plant does not probably belong to the order. Trichotomous Queria. Pl. } foot. Cult. The seeds only require to be sown in the open ground in any dry situation. Tribe III. MINUARTIE'& (plants agreeing with Minudrtia in import- ant characters). Paronychiée, Tribe VII. Minuartiée, D.C. prod. 3. p. 379. Calyx 5-parted. Petals wanting or very small. Stamens 3-10, inserted in the bottom of the calyx. Styles 3. Capsule 1-celled, 3-valved. Seeds numerous, fixed to the cen- tral placenta.—Annual herbs, natives of the south of Europe, with opposite exstipulate leaves. IV. Queria. V. Minuartia., VI. Lorrineta. V. MINUA/RTIA (so named from John Minuart, a Spanish apothecary, restorer of botany in Spain; he constituted the genus Cervidna, now Pharndceum, and is commended by Leef- fling). Læf. itin. p. 48. Lin. gen. no. 107. Lam. ill, t, 52. St. Hil. mem. plac. p. 59. Juss. mem. mus. 2. p. 386. D.C. prod. 3. p. 379. Lin. syst. Pentandria, Trigynia. Sepals 5, hardly joined at the very base, quite entire. Petals or abortive stamens 5, small, alternating with the sepals. Stamens 5, opposite the sepals, and longer than the petals. Styles 3, filiform. Capsule l-celled, 3-valved. Seeds few, fixed to the central axis.— Small annual herbs. Leaves opposite, setaceous, 3-5-nerved at the base, quite entire. Flowers in the forks of the branches, and in the axils of the upper leaves, solitary, small, sessile, or on short pedicels; constituting a leafy, dense, dichotomous cyme. Petals bifid, or rather nectaries. (ex Leefl.) Stamens 10, 5 abortive. (Steven.) Petals and stamens 10. (St. Hil.) According to several specimens examined, the stamens are 10, and the 5 alternate ones are sometimes converted into petals. The genus differs from Leeflingia in the sepals being quite entire, and from Quéria in the fruit being many-seeded. 1 M. campr'stris (Leefl. itin. p. 122.) flowers distinctly pe- dicellate, equal in length, or a little longer than the floral leaves; sepals very unequal, 3 large and 2 smaller. ©.H. Native of Spain, in dry sandy fields. Habit almost of Bufdnia. Act. holm. 1758. t. 1. f. 3. Field Minuartia. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1806. PI. 4 to į foot. 2 M. vicuéroma (Loefl. 1l. c. p. 121. t. 1. f. 3.) flowers almost sessile, in fascicles, shorter than the floral leaves ; sepals nearly equal; mucrone of leaves oblique. ©. H. Native of Spain, on hills. Act. holm. 1758. t. 1. f. 5. Plant stiff, dusky. Dichotomous Minuartia. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1771. Pl. gz to4ft 3 M. montana (Leefl. l. c. p. 122. t. 1. f. 4.) bundles of flowers about equal in length to the bracteas ; sepals nearly equal; mucrone of leaves straight. ©.H. Native of Spain, Tauria, and Iberia, on dry hills.—Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 90. Mountain Minuartia. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1806. Pl. 4 to 4 ft, Cult. The seeds only require to be sown in the open ground, in any dry situation, in a light soil. VI. LG@FLI'NGIA (so named in honour of Peter Læfling, one of the disciples of Linnæus, who travelled in Spain an America, and died on his travels in 1756.). Lin. act. holm. 1758. p. 15. t. 1. f. 1. gen. p. 52. Lam. ill. t.19. St. Hil. mem. plac. lib. p. 59. Juss. mem. mus. 2. p. 386. D.C. prod. 3. p. 380. Lin. syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Sepals 5, connected at the base, 3 outer ones bisetose at the base. Petals 5, small, conniving, inserted in the bottom of the calyx. Stamens 5, alternating with the petals, or 3, 2 of them being abortive? Style 1, trifid at the apex, or divided into 3 from the base. Capsule 1-celled, 3-valved. Seeds numerous, fixed to the central pla- centa.—Small, annual herbs. Leaves opposite, exstipulate; margined on both sides at the base, and appendiculated, these appendages probably supply the place of stipulas. Flowers m _the forks of the branches, and in the axils of the upper leaves, solitary, sessile. 1 L. Hispa’nica (Lin. spec. p. 50.) flowers triandrous ; style 1, trifid at the apex. ©. H. Native of Spain, Mauritania, and South of France, in dry sandy places. Leefl. itin. t. 1. f. 1. Cav. icon. 1.t. 94, L. prostrata, Moench. Herb clammy, pP% bescent. Corolla white ; petals obovate, emarginate. z Spanish Loeflingia. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1770. P1.4 to 4 foot. 2 L. renta’npra (Cav. icon. 2. t. 148. f. 2.) flowers pentan- drous ; styles 3, distinct from the base. ©. H. Native along SCLERANTHEZ. VI. LæFLINGIA. the Mediterranean Sea, in the sand; and of Spain, near Va- lentia. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from the first. Pentandrous Leeflingia, FI. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. Pl. 4 to4 ft. + Species not sufficiently known. 3 L. Ca’sprca (Gmel. syst. 1. p. 105.) plant smooth in every part. Found on the shores of the Caspian Sea, by Gmelin. Gmel. itin. 3. p. 310. t. 35. f. 1. Caspian Leeflingia. PI. + foot. 4 L.? reniror1a (Lag. gen. et spec. p. 2.) flowers pentan- drous; leaves orbicularly reniform. ©. H. Native of Mexico. Kidney-leaved Loeflingia. PI. + foot. Cult. The seeds only require to be sown in the open border in any dry lightish soil. Orver CXIII. CRASSULA‘CEZ (plants agreeing with Crassula in important characters). D. C. bull. philom. 1801. no. 49. p. 1. fl. fr. ed. 3. vol. 4. p. 382. prod. 3. p. 381.—Sem- pervivee, Juss. gen. p. 237.—Succuléntz, Vent. tabl. vol. 3. p. 271.—Succulénte (3, Lin. ord. nat.—Crdssule, Juss. dict. 11. p. 369, Sepals from 3 (f. 25. e.) -20 (f. 30. a.), more or less united at the base, and therefore the calyx is many-parted (f. 26. b.). Petals equal in number with the sepals (f. 25. b. f. 26. a.), and alternating with them, either distinct (f. 27. b.) or united into a gamopetalous corolla (f. 26.`a.), inserted in the bottom of the calyx. Stamens inserted with the petals, either equal to them in number (f. 25. c.) and alternating with them, or twice as many (f. 27. c.); those opposite the petals being shortest, and arriving at perfection after the others ; filaments distinct, subulate ; anthers oval, 2-celled, bursting lengthwise. Nectari- ferous scales several, one at the base of each ovarium sometimes obsolete. Ovaria of the same number as the petals, opposite to which they are placed around an imaginary axis, usually dis- tinct, but in some of the anomalous genera rather concrete, all l-celled, and tapering into 1 stigma each, opening when ripe by a longitudinal chink in front, but in the genus Dimérpha on the back. Seeds attached to the margins of the suture, in 2 rows, variable in number. Albumen thin, fleshy. Embryo straight in the axis of the albumen, having the radicle directed to the hilum.—Fleshy herbs or shrubs. Leaves entire or pinnatifid, without stipulas. Flowers usually in cymes, sometimes rising in the forks, often arranged unilaterally along the divisions of the cymes. The plants contained in this order are all remarkable for the succulent nature of their stems and leaves, in which they re- semble Cactee, Portulàceæ, and certain genera of E uphorbidcee, &e. but this analogy goes no farther. Their real affinity is Probably with Sazxifragee, through Penthdrum, which is not Succulent, like the rest of the genera; and with Paronychiée, through Tille‘a, as De Candolle has remarked. In both those orders, the nectariferous scales of Crassulacee are wanting. De Candolle observes (mem. crass. p. 5.) that there is no in- Stance of a double flower in the order, although this might have expected from their analogy in structure with Caryophyl- ®. Sempervivum tectorum almost constantly exhibits the sin- gular Phenomenon of anthers bearing ovules instead of pollen. VOL. m1, CRASSULACEZ. 97 These plants are found in the driest situations, where not a blade of grass nor a particle of moss can grow, on naked rocks, old walls, sandy hot plains, alternately exposed to the heaviest dews of night, and the fiercest rays of the noon-day sun. Soil is to them a something to keep them stationary, rather than a source of nutriment, which in these plants is conveyed by my- riads of mouths, invisible to the naked eye, but covering all their surface, to the juicy beds of cellular tissue which lie be- neath them. Refrigerent and abstergent properties, mixed sometimes with a good deal of acridity, distinguish them. The fishermen of Madeira rub their nets with the fresh leaves of Sempervivum glutindsum, by which they are rendered as durable as if tanned, provided they are steeped in some alkaline liquor. Malic acid exists in Sempervivum tectorum, combined with lime.—Turner, p. 634, Synopsis of the genera. Trise I. Crassuta'cEz LEGIYTIMÆ. Carpella distinct, opening when mature by a longitudinal fissure in front (f. 26, b.). 1 Tittz's. Divisions of calyx, petals, and stamens 3-4 (f. 25. a. b.c.). Nectariferous scales none or very small. Car- pels 3-4 (f. 25. d.), constricted in the middle, 2-seeded. 2 Burua’rpa. Divisions of calyx, petals and stamens 4. Nectariferous scales 4, linear. Carpels 4, many-seeded. 3 Dasyste’mon. Sepals 3-7, filiform, unequal, hardly joined at the base. Petals 3-7, often 5, hardly joined at the base, rather revolute at the apex. Stamens 3-7; filaments thick. Carpels 3-5. 4 Se’pras. Calyx 5-9-parted. Petals 5-9, stellately spreading. Stamens 5-9; filaments slender. Scales 5-9, small, roundish. Carpels 5-9, many-seeded. 5 Cra’ssuta. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, distinct. Stamens 5; filaments subulate. Scales 5. Carpels 5, many-seeded. 6 Purcòsia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, imbricating at the base. Stamens 5; scales 5, emarginate. Carpels 5, gibbous on the outside, and flat inside, many-seeded. 7 Grosu'tea. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, bearing a waxy globule each at the apex. Stamens 5. Scales 5. Carpels 5. 8 Currto'eyne. Calyx 5-parted. Petals united into a 5- parted corolla. Stamens 5. Scales 5. Ovaria 5, gibbous at the apex, ending each in a long sublateral style. 9 Gramma’ntues. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla gamopetalous ; lobes 5, rarely 6, expanded. Stamens 5-6, inserted in the tube of the corolla. Scales none. Carpels 5. 10 Rocuea. Calyx 5-lobed. Petals 5, united into a gamo- petalous corolla, with a spreading 5-lobed limb. Stamens 5. Glands and carpels 5. 11 Kaxosa’nrues. Calyx 5-lobed (f. 26. 6.). Petals united into a 5-parted corolla (f. 26. a.), with the tube cylindrical, 2 or 3 times longer than the spreading limb, Stamens 5, inserted in the tube of the corolla. Glands and carpels 5. 12 Katancndz. Calyx 4-parted ; sepals hardly united at the base. Corolla gamopetalous, with a 4-parted, spreading o 98 border. rolla. Stamens 8, adnate to the base of the tube of the co- Scales 4, linear. Carpels 4; styles filiform. 13 Bryopuy’ttum. Calyx inflated before flowering, hardly 4-cleft to the middle. Corolla gamopetalous, hypogynous ; lobes 4, acute. Stamens 8, adnate to the base of the tube of the corolla. Glands 4. 14 CoryrE pox. Calyx 4-parted. Corolla gamopetalous, with a 5-lobed, spreadingly reflexed limb. Stamens 10, adnate at the base to the tube of the corolla. Scales oval. Carpels 5, each drawn out into a subulate style. 15 Pisrorrn1a. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla gamopetalous, with a 5-parted spreading border. Stamens 10, adnate their whole length to the tube of the corolla. Scales 5. Carpels 5, ending each in a long filiform style. 16 Umsr'iicus. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla campanulate, 5- cleft; lobes acute. Stamens 10, inserted in the corolla. Scales 5. Carpels 5; styles subulate. 17 Ecueve’ria. Calyx 5-parted (f. 27. a.); sepals erect. Petals 5, united at the base (f. 27. b.), thick, and erect. Sta- mens 10 (f. 27. c.), united to the petals at the base. Scales 5. Carpels 5, each ending in a subulate style. 18 Se‘pum. Calyx 5-parted (f. 29. a.); sepals turgid, leaf- formed. Petals 5 (f. 29. b.), usually spreading. Stamens 10 (£. 29. ¢.). Scales 5. Carpels 5. 19 SempErvivum. Calyx 6-20-parted (f. 30. a.). Petals 6-20 (f. 30. b.). Stamens twice the number of the petals (f. 30. c.). Scales toothed or jagged. Carpels equal in number to the petals. Trise JI. CRASSULA`CEÆ ANOMALA. many-celled capsule. 20 Diamorpua. Calyx 4-lobed. Petals 4. Stamens 8. Carpels 4, united at the base, opening longitudinally on the back or outside. 21 PENTHÒRUM. Scales wanting ? Carpels united at the base into a Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens 10. Carpels 5, united at the base into a 5-beaked, 5-celled capsule, which is pentagonal at the apex, and opening under the beaks. Seeds small, numerous. Tribe I. CRASSU'LEA or CRASSULA‘CEZ LEGI’TIME (this tribe contains the legitimate plants of the order). Carpels distinct ; when mature opening on the inside by a longitudinal fissure. I. TILLÆ'A (so named in honour of Michael Angelo Tilli, M.D. F.R.S., born 1653. Professor of Botany at Pisa; author of Horti Pisani Catalogus, 1723, fol. with 50 plates. It contains a few rare plants, observed by him in his voyages to Constantinople and Tunis). Mich. gen. 22. t. 20. D.C. bull. philom. no. 49. p. 2. prod. 3. p. 381.—Tille'a species of Lin. Lin. syst. Tri-Tetréndria, Tri-Tetragynia. Calyx 3-4- parted (f. 25. a.). Petals 3-4 (f. 25. b.), oblong, acuminated. Scales none, or very small. Carpels 3-4, somewhat constricted in the middle, 2-seeded.—Small, glabrous, annual herbs, inha- bitants of exposed sub-humid places. Leaves opposite. Flowers CRASSULACEZ. I. Tiruza. small, white, for the most part axillary.—Many of the exotic species may probably belong to Bullidrda. 1 T. muscòsa (Lin. spec. 186.) stems branched at the base, de- cumbent ; leaves connate ; flowers axillary, sessile, trifid. ©. H. Native of Europe in many places, in dry, barren, sandy, and gra- velly soil; plentiful in Britain, on the most barren sandy heaths ; frequent in Norfolk and Suffolk. It is a troublesome weed in the gravel walks of Holkham. Bocce. FIG. 25. mus. t. 22. Mich. gen. t. 20. Lam. ill. t. 90. D.C. pl. grass. t. 73. Smith, engl. bot. 116. Reich. icon. t. 191. Boce. sic, t. 29. In exposed situations. this plant becomes reddish ; but in that state it is not the 7. rubra of Gouan. Mossy Tillea. Fl. June, Oct. Britain. PI. trail. 2 T. simprex (Nutt. gen. amer. append. et journ. acad. philad. 1. p. 114.) stem erect, simple ; leaves connate, oblong- linear, acute ; flowers alternate, sessile; petals 4, erect, twice the length of the calyx. ©. H. Native of North America, in humid gravelly places. Simple-stemmed Tillæa. PI. 4 foot. 3 T. moscua’ra (D.C. prod. 3. p. 382.) stem prostrate at the base; branches ascending; leaves connate, oval-oblong; flowers 4-cleft, sessile in the axils of the superior leaves. ©. H. Native of the Straits of Magellan, on the mountains; and of the Maclove Islands. Crassula moschàta, Forst. in act. soc, gætt. 9. p. 26. Bulliárda Magellánica, D. C. bull. philom. no. 49. Musk Tillæa. Pl. prostrate. 4 T. minima (Miers, chil. 2. p. 530.) stems diffuse, branched; leaves minute, connate at the base, oval-oblong; flowers 4-cleft, crowded into whorls in the axils of the leaves, on short pedicels; petals 4, acuminated, shorter than the calyx ; carpels 1-2-seeded. —Native of Chili, about Conception and Coquimbo. T. erécta, Hook et Arnott, in Beech. voy. bot. 1. p. 24. Allied to T. moschàta and verticillàris. Least Tillæa. Pl. 4 foot. 5 T. verticiLLa ris (D. C, 1. c.) stems prostrate at the base, rooting ; branches aseending; leaves opposite, oblong-linear ; flowers 4-cleft, crowded in whorls in the axils, some of which are sessile and others pedicellate. ©. H. Native of New Holland. Tillz‘a pedunculata, Sieb. pl. exsic. nov. holl. no. 173. but not of Smith. Petals acuminated, longer than the calyx. Habit almost of Jllécebrum verticillatum. Verticillate-flowered Tillæa. PI. pr. 6 T. pepuncura‘ris (Smith, in Rees’ cycl. vol. 35. no. 4.) stem erect, simple; leaves rather connate, lanceolate, acute; pedicels axillary, solitary, twice or thrice longer than the leaves; carpels truncate at the apex. ©.H. Native about Monte Video and Buenos Ayres, in humid places. Bulliarda Bona- riénsis, D. C. bull. philom. Peduncled-flowered Tillæa. Pl. + foot. 7 T. ruse’scens (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 43.) stems branched, prostrate ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, ovate, mu- cronate, rather fleshy, connate at the base; flowers 4-cleft, on long pedicels; petals shorter than the calyx. @.H. Native about Quito, near Alansi. Flowers white. Carpels 9-seeded. T. connata, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p- 70. t. 106. f. a., which was found in Peru, about Chancay, on humid hills, appears to differ from Kunth’s plant in the stems being rather erect. CRASSULACEE. Reddish Tillea. PI. pr. Cult. Sow the seeds among gravel, and keep it moist, either in pots or in the open ground. II. BULLIA’RDA (in memory of — Bulliard, author of Herbier de la France, 600 planches in fol. 1780, and other botanical works). D.C. bull. philom. no. 49. p. 1. prod. 3. p. 382.—Tille'a species, Lin. Lin. syst. Tetrándria, Tetragynia. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4, oval or oblong, acute. Stamens 4. Scales 4, linear. Car- pels 4, many-seeded.—Small, glabrous, annual, subaquatic herbs. Leaves opposite. Flowers small, white, axillary, sessile, or pe- dicellate. The parts of the flower are sometimes quinary, and therefore differ from Crassula in the form of the scales, and from Tillæ'a in the many-seeded carpels, as well as in the number of the parts of the flower. 1 B. Vartza’ntu (D.C. pl. grass. t. 74.) stem erect, dichoto- mous; leaves oblong, acute ; pedicels longer than the leaves. ©. H. Native of France, at Fontainbleau, in humid shady places, &c. Vaill. bot. t. 10. f.2. Tillee‘a aquatica, Lam. ill. t. 90. but not of Lin. Tillæa Vaillantii, Willd. spec. 1. p. 720. Corolla pale flesh-coloured. Stems sometimes erect and some- times prostrate, generally rooting at the lower nodes. T. pros- trata 2, Poir. dict. 7. p. 674. is perhaps referrible to this plant. Vaillant’s Bulliarda. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1825. Pl. erect or prostrate. 2 B. agua'rica (D. C. bull. phil. no. 49.) stem erect, rather dichotomous; leaves linear-lanceolate; flowers sessile, or on very short pedicels. ©. H. Native of Sweden, Norway, and Germany, in places where water stagnates. Tillæa aquática, Lin. fl. suec. no. 156. Wahl. fl. suec. no. 210. Stuck. p. 6. t. 1. Var. B, prostràta (D.C. prod. 3. p. 382.) stems procumbent. Tillæ'a prostràta, Schkuhr, in Ust. ann. 2. p. 21. t. 3. Horn. fl. dan. t. 1510. Stuck, p. 21. t. 3. In Hornemann’s plant the flowers are either sessile or on short pedicels. Aquatic Bulliarda. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1816. Pl. pr. Cult. See Tillæa for the manner of growing these plants. Ill. DASYSTE‘MON (from daove, dasys, thick, and ornpwy, stemon, a stamen; in allusion to the thick filaments). D. C. prod. 3. p. 382. i Lin. syst. Tri-Heptándria, Tri-Pentagynia. Sepals 3-7, leaf-formed, unequal, hardly united at the base, equalling the corolla in length. Petals 3-7, but generally 5, erect, hardly united at the base, and revolutely spreading at the apex. Sta- mens 3-7, alternating with the petals, and longer than them ; filaments thick; anthers erect. Carpels 3-5.—An Australian herb, covered all over with scaly papulæ. Root fibrous. Stem branched at the apex. Leaves opposite, connate, linear. 1 D. catycr'num (D.C. l. c. mem. crass. t. Ss) Orel. Native of New Holland. Crássula calycina, Desf. cat. hort. par. 1815. p. 187. Herb 3-4 inches long, rather ascending at the base, dichotomously branched at the apex. Leaves thick, flattish, rather convex below. Flowers greenish-white. ` Large-calyxed Dasystemon. PI. 4 foot. — ee Sow the seeds of this plant thinly in pots, soil, in gravelly _ IV. SE’PTAS (from septem, seven; the number 7 prevailing in the fructification). Lin. gen. 465. Haw. syn. 61. prod. 3. p. 383.—Crassula species of Thunb. and Willd. , Lix. syst. Penta-Ennedndria, Penta-Enneagynia. Ca = 5-9-parted, shorter than the corolla. Petals 5-9, atgijans y spreading. Stamens 5-9 ; filaments slender, acuminated ; scales 5-9, small, roundish. Carpels 5-9, many-seeded.—Herbs, native of the Cape of Good Hope. Roots tuberous, quiescent in II. Buxurarpa.~ III. Dasystemon. IV. Serras, V. CRASSULA. 99 winter ; tubers roundish; fibres capillary. Stems simple, te- rete. Leaves of 2 opposite pairs, and the pairs sometimes approximate so near as to make the leaves appear in whorls, Flowers white, disposed in something like umbels. The habit of the plants is referrible to some Sazifragea. 1 S. Cape’nsis (Lin. ameen. 6. p. 87.) leaves roundish, broadly crenated, tapering into the petioles; and the base of the petioles is rather connate; petals spreading. 2. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Andr. bot. rep. 90.— Pluk. alm. 340. f. 9. bad. Lam. ill. t. 276. Crassula Séptas, Thunb. fl. cap. p. 291. There are varieties of this plant, differing in the num- ber of the floral parts from 5-9, but generally 7 ; and with few- flowered or many-flowered umbels; and with leaves more or less stalked, having the crenatures either simple or subcrenated. Flowers white or red. Var. B, globifera (D. C. prod. 3. p. 383.) umbels many- flowered, compound ; leaves revolute at the apex, doubly cre- nated. %.D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Séptas globifera, Sims, bot. mag. t. 1472. Stems red. Flowers white. Cape Septas. Fl. Mar. Aug. Clt. 1774; Bin 1809, PI. 4 ft. 2 S. umBr’LLA (Haw. syn. p. 62.) leaves 2, united together into an orbicular disk, broadly sub-crenated ; petals reflexed. Y.D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula um- bélla, Jacq. coll. 4. p. 172. icon. rar. t. 352. Tratt. tab. t. 253. Leaves red beneath. Flowers 5-6-cleft, reddish. Umbelled Septas. Fl. July. Cit. 1800. Pl. $ foot. Cult. A mixture of sand, loam, and peat suit the species of this genus; and they should be watered but sparingly when not in a growing state. They are readily increased by separating the tubers of the roots. V. CRA’SSULA (a diminutive of crassus, thick ; in reference to the fleshy leaves and stems). Haw. syn. p. 51. D.C. prod. 3. p. 383. mem. crass. t. 1. f. 2.—Crassula species of Lin. —Crdssula, Haw. rev. p. 8-9.—Gomara, Adans. farn. 2, p. 248. Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Pentagynia. shorter than the corolla; sepals flattish. Petals 5, stellately spreading, distinct. Stamens 5; filaments subulate. Scales 5, ovate, short. Carpels 5, many-seeded.—Fleshy shrubs or herbs, generally natives of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves opposite, quite entire, or sub-crenated. Flowers white, rarely rose-co- loured. Calyx 5-parted, much § 1. Latif dlia (from latus, broad, and folium, a leaf ; leaves broad). Shrubby. Leaves broader, flat, with the surface and margins smooth. 1 C. arsore’scens (Willd. spec. 1. p. 1554.) stent shrubby, erect, terete ; leaves opposite, roundish, mucronate, fleshy, flat, glaucous, dotted above, glabrous ; cymes trichotomous. h . D.G., Native of the Cape of Good Hope. C. Cotylèdon, Curt. bot. mag. t. 384. Jacq. misc. bot. 2. p. 295. t. 19. Cotylèdon ar- boréscens, Mill. dict. ed. 6. Flowers large, rose-coloured, spreading stellately. Shrub, with the leaves and habit very similar to those of Cotylédon orbiculata. Arborescent Crassula. Fl. May, June. to 3 feet. 2 C. Portuza'cea (Lam. dict. 2. (1786.) p. 172.) stem erect, fleshy, thick ; leaves opposite, oblique, acute, distinct, glabrous, shining, dotted ; cymes trichotomous. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. D. C. pl. grass. t. 79. C. obliqua, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. (1789.) vol. 1. p. 393. Cotylédon ovata, Mill. dict. no. 8. C. portulacea and C. obliqua, Pers. ench. 1. p. 337. C. articulata, Zucca, curt. no. 59. Flowers rose- coloured. Like C. Cotylédon. 02 Clt. 1739. Shrub 2 100 Portulaca-like Crassula. 3 to 4 feet, 3 C. xa’crza (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. p. 496.) stem shrubby, terete, branched, twisted below ; leaves ovate, attenuated at the base, and connate, glabrous, dotted within the margin; cymes many-flowered, panicle-formed. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. D.C. pl. grass. t. 37. Smith, exot. bot. t. 33. Sims, bot. mag. t.1771. Jacq. schoenbr. t. 430. Thunb. fl. cap. p. 289. no. 45. Leaves pale green. Flowers snow white, stellately spreading. Milk-coloured-flowered Crassula. Shrub 2? to 1 foot. 4 C. arcr’nrea (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 188.) leaves connate, ovate, entire, fleshy, glabrous, silvery ; stem shrubby ; corymbs supra- decompound. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Thunb. fl. cap. p. 289. Flowers white; anthers black. Stem a foot or more in height. Leaves obtuse, with an acumen. Silvery Crassula. Shrub 14 foot. 5 C. revepuioipes (Haw. rev. suce. p. 9.) stems herbaceous ? erect ; leaves obovate-oblong, stem-clasping, minutely and punc- tately crenated below; flowers cymose. h.D.G: Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves 3 inches long and 18 lines broad. Petals pale rose-coloured. Scales square. Habit almost of Sédum Teléphium, but smaller and more humble ; and differs in the stamens being 5. D. C. Perhaps Anacémpseros, Burm. afr. t. 25. f. 2. is referrible to this plant. Orpine-like Crassula. Fl. July. Clt. 1818. Fi. April, May. Clt.1759. Shrub Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1774. Shrub 1 foot. § 2. Subuldres (from subula, an awl; form of leaves). Shrubby. Leaves subulate. Haw. syn. p. 51. 6 C. ramòsa (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 390.) shrubby, glabrous, branched at the base ; leaves subulate, flat above, connately per- foliate, smooth, much spreading ; peduncles elongated, cymosely corymbose. h.D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Thunb. fl. cap. p. 284. Haw. syn. p. 51. according to whom it is nearly allied to C. perfoliàta. C. dichótoma, Lin. fil. suppl. p. 188. ex Willd. Flowers pink. Branched Crassula. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1774. Sh. 2 to 3 ft. 7 C. rrRuTIcuròsa (Lin. mant. p. 61.) stem shrubby, smooth ; leaves opposite, subulate, acute, much spreading, and a little recurved ; peduncles solitary, subumbellate. h.D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. ' Flowers small, white, campanulate ; anthers purple. Very like C. perfoliata, according to Thun- berg ; but it differs in the leaves being reflexed. Var. B, Cafra (Lin. mant. p. 222.) stem suffruticose. Shrubby Crassula. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 8 C. rEvo'Lvens (Haw. phil. mag. 1824. p. 188.) stem suffru- ticose, slender, a little branched ; branches erect; leaves linear, lean, acute, revolutely reflexed, and arched, rather distant. hs D Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers small, white, in dense terminal heads. Perhaps not distinct from C. Sruticuldsa. Revolving-leaved Crassula. Fl. Aug, Sept. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1 foot. 9 C. reTRaGona (Lin. spec. 404.) stem erect, shrubby, terete, leaves decussately opposite, depressed above, subulate, some- what tetragonal, incurved, spreading, glabrous. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Bradl. suce. pl. dec. 5. t. 41. D.C. pl. grass. t. 19. Flowers small, white, nearly urceo- late, disposed in a pedunculate fastigiate cyme. Stems some- times rooting. Tetragonal Crassula. F]. Aug. Clt. 1711. Shrub 2 feet. 10 C. sievana'ra (Haw, phil. mag. 1824. p. 186.) stem suf- fruticose, erect, with spreading branches ; leaves erectish, smooth subulate, acute, flat on both surfaces, channelled beneath, h. CRASSULACEE. V. Crassuta. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Very like the following. Bracteas larger. Flowers white; anthers reddish, Biplanate-leaved Crassula. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1823. Sh. 1 ft, 11 C. acurtrér1a (Lam. dict. 2. p. 175.) stem suffruticose, decumbent, branched, terete; leaves opposite, fleshy, terete, su- bulate, spreading, glabrous; cymes small, pedunculate. k.D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. D. C. pl. grass. t. 2 Allied to C. tetragona, but is rather more herbaceous, decum- bent, and rooting. Leaves usually reflexed. Flowers white. Acute-leaved Crassula, FI. Sept. Nov. Pl. de- cumbent. 12 C. srpracrea‘ta (Haw. in phil. mag, 1824. p. 187.) plant effuse, decumbent, rooting; leaves subulate, expanded, flat or furrowed above; bracteas two on each peduncle. h. D.G, Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white ; anthers sulphur-coloured, but at length becoming brown. Allied to C. acutif olia. Var. a, minor (Haw. 1. c.) plant usually rufescent ; leaves less furrowed above or flat, full of rufous dots beneath. Var. B, major (Haw. 1. c.) greenish; leaves usually furrowed above, and often dotted with brown; branches longer than in var. a. Bibracteate Crassula. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1823. Pl. 4 foot. 13 C. riticau'tis (Haw. in phil. mag. 1824. p. 188.) plant effusely dichotomous; leaves spreadingly recurved, lanceolate- subulate, smooth, convex beneath ; branches rooting, filiform. 3.2 k.? D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white, disposed in a kind of cyme; anthers yellow. Allied to the two preceding species. Thread-stemmed Crassula. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1820. Pl. pr Clt. 1795. § 3. Squamuldse (from squamulosus, covered with little scales). Frutescent. Leaves linear-lanceolate, rough from scaly papule. Haw. rev. succ. p. 11. 14 C. sca`sra (Lin. spec. p. 405.) stem suffruticose, erect, terete, branched, covered with retrograde rugosities ; leaves 0p- posite, spreading, connate, linear-lanceolate, acute, scabrous, ciliated ; flowers corymbose, terminal. h.D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Dill. hort. elth. t. 99. f£. 117. Mart. cent. t. 24. Segments of flowers spreading, or a little revolute, white at first, but becoming at length brownish. Scabrous Crassula. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1730.. Pl. 13 foot. 15 C. scapre’tia (Haw. rev. succ. p. 11.) leaves linear-lan- ceolate, acuminated, expanded, and are, as well as the stems, rough from scales. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Gi Hope. Allied to C. scabra and C. squamulosa. Flowers white! Roughish Crassula. FI. Ju. July. Cit. 1810. - Pl. 4 to 1 fi 16 C. savamurésa (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 15.) the whole plant scaly from diaphanous papulz ; leaves lanceolate ; flowers capitate. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Haw. rev. succ. p.11. Flowers white. Said to be nearly allied to C. scàbra. Scaly Crassula. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. Pl. 4 foot. 17 C. svLLuLA`ra (Haw. rev. suce. p- 11.) leaves lorate-la ceolate, and are, as well as the stems, roughish from ee blisters ; flowers cymose. h.D.G. Native of the Cape 0 Good Hope. Cotylédon, &c. Mart. cent. t. 24. Flowers sa! to be yellow. Allied to C. scabra, according to Haworth. b PATER Crassula. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1800. Shru 1 foot. 18 C. pruindsa (Lin. mant. p- 60.) stem shrubby, dichoto- mous ; branchlets and leaves subulate, scabrous from pap: flowers corymbose. h; D.G. Native of the Cape of G Hope. Flowers white. Leaves opposite, linear, rather connate at the base. Thunb. prod. p. 55. fl. cap. p. 283, Pruinose Crassula. Shrub 1 foot. CRASSULACE. V. CRASSULA. 19: C. murica‘ra (Thunb. prod. p. 55. fl. cap. p. 283.) stem frutescent, erect; branches tetragonal ; leaves connate, trigonal, scabrously ciliated, obtuse; flowers subumbellate. heeDaG: Native of the Cape of Good Hope. It differs from C. tetra- gona in the stem being erect, and in the leaves being scabrous. Muricated Crassula. Shrub 1 foot. § 4. Columnares (from columna, a column; disposition of leaves on the branches). Frutescent. Leaves broader, densely imbricated along the stems and branches. Han. syn. p. 54, 20 C. corumna‘ris (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 191.) stem erect, sim- ple, an inch high; leaves connate, roundish, glabrous, very closely imbricated ; flowers disposed in a roundish terminal fas- cicle. h. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Burm. afr. p. 19. t. 9. f. 2. Flowers white, small, very copious. Columnar Crassula. Clt. 1789. PI. + foot. 21 C. tycopopror'pes (Lam. dict. 2. p. 173.) stem shrubby, branched, covered with leaves on all sides; leaves decussate, ovate, acute, smooth, imbricating in 4 rows; flowers axillary, sessile, bracteolate. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. C. imbricata, Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 393. C. muscésa, Lin. spec. p. 405. Thunb. fl. cap. p. 281. ex Thunb. in litt. Corolla small, purple at the base. There is a variety of this p having the stems naked at the base, according to Thun- erg. Club-moss-like Crassula. Shrub tr, 22 C. ericor'pes (Haw. in phil. mag. 1825. July, p. 30.) plant between erect and decumbent ; branchlets distant ; leaves ovate-oblong, small, flat, closely imbricated in 4 rows; flowers 5-10, disposed in an umbellate cyme. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. An elegant species, not allied to any unless perhaps to C. pyramidalis, Flowers small, snow white. Leaves 3 to 4 lines long. Heath-like Crassula. Fl. Sept. Clt.1820. Shrub 4 foot. 23 C. vestita (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 188.) leaves connate, del- toid, obtuse, quite entire, covered with white powder, more fre- quent on the upper ones ; flowers terminal, capitate. kh. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Thunb. fl. cap. p. 290. Stem a hand high, erectish, branched, naked at the base. Flowers yellow, aggregate and sessile on the branches. Clothed Crassula. Shrub 4 foot. § 5. Perfiléte (from per, through, and filum, a thread ; in re- ference to the thread-like stems). Frutescent or nearly herba- ceous. Leaves flat, broader, glabrous, connate, usually glaucous. Ham. syn. p. 54. _ 24 C. pyrro’ssa (Lam, dict. (1786) 2. p. 173.) stem suffru- ticose, decumbent, slender, a little branched; leaves connately perfoliate, roundish, and rather acute, glabrous, dotted above, but not ciliated ; thyrse elongated, composed of cymose pedun- culate opposite branchlets. k.D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. D.C. pl. grass. t. 25. Jacq. hort. schoenbr. t. 432. C. perfilata, Scop. del. insub. (1788) 3. p. 12. t. 6. E: punctàta, Mill. C. coronàta, Donn, hort. cant. Flowers yellow. Deep-pitted Crassula. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1785. Pl. decumbent. 25 C. rerrora`ra (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 190. Thunb. fl. cap. p. 287.) stem shrubby, erect; leaves green, connately perfoliate, ovate, remote, glabrous, with cartilaginously ciliated margins ; thyrse interrupted. h. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope Perforated Crassula. Shrub 1 foot. 26 C. marcina‘us (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 306.) stem peren- nial, herbaceous, glabrous, pellucid ; leaves connately perfoliate, roundish-ovate, ending in a recurved mucrone, flat, spreading, glabrous, dotted within the margin; flowers disposed in umbel- late corymbs. 4%. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. 101 Jacq. schænbr. 4. t. 471. C. marginàta, Thunb. prod. p. 56. fl. cap. 287. Stems prostrate, jointed, rooting. Leaves reddish beneath, quite entire, with cartilaginous margins, which are at first reddish, but at length becoming white from farina. Pedun- cles terminal, with two lateral ones, rising from the axils of the upper leaves. Flowers white ; petals lanceolate, acute. The characters and synonymes are taken from the manuscript of the Prince de Salm-Dyck. Marginal-leaved Crassula. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.1774. Pl. er. 27 C. pexiu'crpa (Lin. spec. p. 406.) stems nearly herbaceous, flaccid, creeping ; leaves opposite, obovate, attenuated at the base, glabrous, glandularly toothed, crowded at the tops of the branches; cymes subumbellate. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.—Dill. hort. elth, t. 100. f. 119. Jacq. fragm. t. 44. f. 3.2 Thunb. fl. cap. p. 283. Very like C. spatulata, but differs in being more herbaceous, in the leaves not being petio- late, in the flowers being a little larger, and more crowded ; the rest similar, according to the figure of Jacquin. Flowers pink. Pellucid Crassula. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1732. Pl. tr. 28 C. prosrra'ta (Thunb. prod. p. 54. fl. cap. p. 282.) stems herbaceous, decumbent, pellucid, glabrous; leaves lanceolate, acute; flowers subumbellate. 4%. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Like C. pellicida, but differs in the form of the leaves. Prostrate Crassula. Pl. prostrate. 29 C. cenrauriorpEs (Lin. spec. p. 404.) stems herbaceous, dichotomous, prostrate; leaves opposite, sessile, flat, oblong- ovate, glabrous, punctately toothed on the margins ; peduncles axillary, l-flowered. ©. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1765. C. pellicida, Jacq. fragm. t. 44. f. 3.2? Flowers rose-coloured, nearly like those of C. spa- tulata ; the ultimate ones somewhat corymbose. Centuary-like Crassula. Pl. prostrate. § 6. Petiolares (from petiolus, aleaf-stalk ; in reference to the leaves being stalked). Frutescent. Leaves flat, broader, petio- late. Ham. syn. p. 55. 80 C, corpa‘ra (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 1. p. 396.) stem shrubby ; leaves opposite, petiolate, cordate, obtuse, quite en- tire, dotted above, glabrous ; cymes panicle-formed. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. D.C. pl. grass. 2. t. 121. Jacq. schoenbr. t. 431. Flowers reddish. Allied to C. per- Jorata. C. cordata, Willd. spec. 1. p. 153. but the C. cordata of Thunb. appears to be a distinct plant, who says that his plant is annual, and that the flowers are solitary. Plant glaucous. Cordate-leaved Crassula. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1774. PI. prostrate. 31 C. spatuta‘ta (Thunb. prod. 58. fl. cap. p. 293.) stems suffruticose, decumbent, branched ; leaves petiolate, roundish, crenated, glabrous, shining above; corymbs panicle-formed. hk. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. D.C. pl. grass. t. 49. C. lucida, Lam. dict. 2. p. 173. C. cordata, Lodd. bot. cab, t. 359. Flowers rose-coloured ; petals acute. Herb very smooth. Spatulate-leaved Crassula. prostrate. Fl. July, Sept. Cit. 1774. PI. § 7. Deltoidee (leaves resembling in figure the Greek delta). Plants suffrutescent. Leaves deltoid, sessile. 32 C. pELTOYDEA (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 189.) leaves connate, deltoid, spreading, approximate, glabrous, powdery, glaucous ; flowers corymbose, subfastigiate. %.? D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Thunb. fl. cap. p. 288. Stem erect, branched, naked at the base, fleshy, half a finger in length. 102 Leaves almost like those of Mesembrydnthemum deltoideum. Corymbs few-flowered ; pedicels angular. Root fusiform. Deltoid-leaved Crassula. Pl. 4 foot. 33 C. coRa'LLINA (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 188.) leaves opposite, deltoid, obtuse, approximate, dotted; flowers in umbellate corymbs; stems erect, dichotomously branched. h. Lin. 2%. Thunb. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Thunb. fl. cap. p. 290. Stem an inch high. Leaves nearly orbicular, white, and powdery at the apex, 1-2 lines long, longer than the internodes. Coralline Crassula. PI. 1 inch. 34 C. puse’scens (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 190.) leaves connate, ovate, acute, fleshy, villous, spreading; stem erect, branched, glabrous; flowers corymbose. 2%. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Thunb. fl. cap. p. 285. Flowers small, white, according to the dried specimen. Calyx puberulous. Pubescent Crassula. Pl. } foot. § 8. Rosulares (from rosa, a rose; leaves spread like the petals in a double rose). Plants herbaceous, perennial. Radical leaves opposite, flat, disposed in a dense expanded disk, formed like the flower of a rose. Scapes nearly naked. Flowers small, glomerate ; bundles of flowers opposite. Haw. rev, succ. p. 13. 35 C. orBicuLa`'RIS (Lin. mant. p. 361.) radical leaves ob- long, obtuse, cartilaginously ciliated, flat, rosulate; runners or twigs rising from the root; scape nearly naked; bundles of flowers opposite, pedunculate. X.D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.—Dill. elth. t. 100. f. 1183. D.C. pl. grass. t. 43. C. sedioides, Mill. dict. no. 9. Herb 4-5 inches high. Petals greenish white, rose-coloured at the apex. Stigmas purple. Orbicular Crassula. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1731. Pl. 4 to 3 ft. 36 C. rosuza'ris (Haw. rev. succ. p. 13.) leaves radical, ob- tuse, minutely ciliated, flat, rosulate; runners or twigs none ; scape nearly naked; bundles of flowers opposite, pedunculate. u.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Very like C. orbicularis, but differs in the plant being 3 times the size, desti- tute of runners, and in the flowers being 4-5-cleft and white; it is, however, probably only a variety of it. Rosulate Crassula.- Fl. July. Clt.1819. Pl. 4 foot. § 9. Glomerate (from glomero, to heap up ina lump; ulti- mate flowers). Plants herbaceous, dichotomous, annual. Leaves opposite. Flowers small: lower ones solitary in the forks of the stems, the rest glomerate. Haw. revis. succ. p. 12. 37 C. cLomtra'ra (Lin. mant. p. 60.) stems herbaceous, sca- brous, dichotomous; leaves linear-lanceolate ; flowers solitary in the forks of the stems, ultimate ones glomerate. ©. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. D.C. pl. grass. t. 57. C. scleranthoides, N. L. Burm. prod. p. 8. Habit of Sclerán- thus or Valerianélla. Herb hardly a finger in length. Flowers white, Glomerated Crassula. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1774. Pl. 4 ft. 88 C. cra`sra (Haw. syn. p. 58. rev. p. 12.) stem herba- ceous, glabrous or rather pubescent, dichotomous; leaves linear- lanceolate ; flowers solitary in the forks, ultimate ones glomerate. ©.D.G._ Native of the Cape of Good Hope. C. glomerata £, Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 392. Flowers white. Glabrous Crassula. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1774. Pl. + foot. 39 C. srricésa (Lin, ameen. 6. p. 86.) stems herbaceous, erect, rather hispid, dichotomous ; leaves obovate, obtuse, stri- gose ; pedicels 1-flowered. ©. D. G. Native of the Cape of wood Hope. Lam. dict. 2. p. 174. Petals ovate, length of the calyx. CRASSULACEZ. V. Crassura. Pl. 3 foot. § 10. Tilleoidee (plants with the habit of Tille‘a). Small subaquatic glabrous herbaceous plants, having 4-cleft flowers. Strigose Crassula. 40 C. na‘tans (Thunb. prod. p. 54. fl. cap. p. 281.) stems erect, dichotomous ; leaves connate, linear-oblong, obtuse; pe- dicels axillary, opposite, shorter than the leaves; petals obovate, a little longer than the calyx. ©.B.G. Native about Cape Town, in ditches and other watery places. Tillee‘a Capénsis, Lin. fil. suppl. Floating Crassula. PI. fl. 41 C. ina'nts (Thunb. l. c.) stem erect, simple, branched at the apex; leaves perfoliate, ovate, obtuse; flowers corymbose; petals ovate-lanceolate, twice the length of the calyx. ©. D. G, Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Tillæ'a perfoliata, Lin. fil. Race Dwarf Crassula. Pl. 4 foot. 42 C. UMBELLA`TA (Thunb. 1. c.) stem simple, erect; leaves on short petioles, ovate, obtuse; flowers umbellate. ©. D. G, Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Tillee‘a umbellata, Willd. spec. 1. p. 721. Umbellate-flowered Crassula. PI. 43 C. pecu’mBens (Thunb. 1. c.) stem erect or decumbent; leaves connate, terete, subulate ; flowers pedicellate, fastigiate at the tops of the branches. ©. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. C. Thunbergiana, Schultes, syst. 6. p. 733. The stems are said to be decumbent in the diagnosis, but in the description erect. Scales very short, red. Decumbent Crassula. Pl. decumbent. + Species not sufficiently known. * Leaves opposite. 44 C. necie’cra (Schultes, syst. 6. p. 722.) stems herba- ceous ; leaves petiolate, cordate, and are as well as the branches glabrous; flowers solitary. ©. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. C. cordata, Thunb. nov. act. nat. cur. 6. p. 330. fl. cap. p. 293. but not of others. Neglected Crassula. Pl. 4 foot. 45 C.expa’nsa (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 390.) stems herbaceous, dichotomous ; leaves semicylindrical, subulate, channelled above; spreading; peduncles axillary, solitary, 1-flowered. ©. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. It is not known whether the leaves are opposite or alternate. Expanded Crassula. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1774. Pl. 4 foot. 46 C. pirru'sa (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 1. p. 395.) stems herbaceous; leaves oblong, attenuated at the base, crenated ; peduncles opposite the leaves and axillary, solitary. ©. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers pink? The rest unknown. Diffuse Crassula. F]. June, July. Clt. 1774. Pl. 4 foot. 47 C. susura`ra (Lin. mant. p. 360.) stem herbaceous, branched ; leaves opposite, terete, spreading ; flowers capitate. ©. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Herm. lugd. bat. Ke pg a figure. Flowers white, ex Herm. and Petiv. gaz. t Subulate-leaved Crassula. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1800. P] 4 ft. 48 C. sytva'tica (Licht. in Schultes, syst. 6. p- 726.) stem herbaceous, dichotomous, beset with strigose hairs ; leaves obo- vate-oblong, with the margin and base beset with strigose halts i flowers terminal and axillary, solitary.—Native of the Cape © Good Hope. The rest unknown. Wood Crassula. Pl, ? 49 C. apsce’Npens (Thunb. nov. act. nat. cur. 6. p. 341.) stem suffrutescent, decumbent; branches erect, filiform above CRASSULACEZ. V. CRASSULA. and naked ; leaves connate, triquetrous, entire, spreading, gla- brous ; corymb compound. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. This plant is omitted in Thunberg’s flora, cap. and prod. and is therefore doubtful. Ascending Crassula. Pl. decumbent. 50 C.? a'rBa (Forsk. descr. 60. but not of Hortul.) stem sim- ple; leaves opposite, crowded, sheathing, lanceolate, cartilagi- nously ciliated; peduncles dichotomous; flowers corymbose.— Native of Arabia, on the mountains of Hadie and Boka. Flowers white, 5-parted. White-flowered Crassula. Pl. 4 foot. 51 C.? xingota'ta (D. C. prod. 3. p. 390.) stem herbace- ous; leaves cordate, sessile; peduncles nearly terminal, axil- lary, approximate, umbel-formed. ¢.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Sims, bot. mag. 1765. Flowers yellow. Mr. Haworth has placed this species between C. retrofléxa and C. centauriotdes; but C. retrofléca is now referrible to Gram- manthes, and therefore this species is probably a species of that genus. Lined-leaved Crassula. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1774. Pl. 4 ft. 52 C.? Acarpura‘na (Schultes, syst. 6. p. 718.) stem suffru- tescent, twisted, branched; branches naked; radical leaves ovate, imbricated ; cauline ones remote, alternate. h. D. G. Native of the south of Spain. According to the description this is a species of Sédum or Sempervivum. Agardh’s Crassula, Pl. 4 foot. ** Alternifolia. The leaves being alternate in the following plants, they are probably species of Sedum. 53 C.? microca’rpa (Sibth et Smith, fl. grec. prod. 1. p. 217.) leaves oblong ; stem thickened ; capsule angular, dotted, mutic. ©. H. Native of the island of Cyprus, among rocks. Small-fruited Crassula. Pl. 4 foot. 54 C.? euncne’tra (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 1. p. 392.) leaves ovate-oblong, fleshy, reflexed; stem herbaceous, dicho- tomous; flowers pedunculate in the forks; peduncles turbinate. ©. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Haw. suce. p. 12. Lobes of calyx leaf-formed, spreading, 2 short, and 3 about ke in length to the petals, which are ovate and acute. Flowers pink. Neat Crassula. Fl. July. Clt. 1810. Pl. $ foot. 55 C.? spa'rsa (Ait. l. c. p. 395.) stems herbaceous ; leaves alternate, rather spatulate, acute, quite entire; racemes Com- Bead. $.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white? Scattered Crassula. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1774. Pl. 4 foot. N. B. Plants formerly included in the genus Crássula, but are now to be excluded from the order. 1 C.? anrernirdzia (Lin. hort. cliff. p. 497. according to the figure in Burm. afr. p. 58. t. 24. f. 1.) is probably a species of Borraginea, and perhaps B. ciliata. 2 C.? pmnna‘ra (Lour. coch. p. 185.) is a plant far separated from Créssula, and most probably belonging to the order Tere- binthacee. C. pinnata of Dum. Cours. is a species of Bryo- phýllum or Kalanchde. The C. pinata of Lin. fil. suppl. 191. 18 probably the same plant as Loureiro’s. Cult. Créssula is an extensive genus of rather ornamental plants, and some of which are rather grotesque. A mixture of loam, sand, and brick rubbish, is the best soil for them. Cuttings Toot very readily if dried for a few days, after being cut off from the plants before being planted. The seeds of the annual species should be sown in pots, and when the plants have grown a little may be separated, and planted into other pots. All the species ‘outside. —Herbaceous half naked plants. VI. Purcosra. 103 are well fitted for a dry stove, or to be placed on shelves erected in a green-house. VI. PURGO'SIA (from rupyoc, pyrgos, a tower ; in reference to the disposition of the clusters of flowers). Haw. in phil. mag. 1828. p. 184. Turgosia, Haw. rev. succ. p. 14. Lin. syst. Pentandria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-parted, much shorter than the corolla. Petals 5, imbricating at the base, mucronulate beneath the apex. Stamens 5; filaments subulate. Scales 5, emarginate. Carpels 5, flat inside, and gibbous on the Leaves for the most Inflorescence spicately thyrsoid. Flowers in The species are probably all biennial. part radical. whorles, almost sessile. § 1. Linguefolie (from lingua, a tongue, and folium, a leaf; form of leaves). Leaves lorately tongue-formed, thick, acutish. Haw. l.c. 1 P. rincværòLra (Haw. rev. suce. p. 14.) lower leaves dis- tinct, opposite, tongue-formed, ciliated, pubescent; stem leafy ; flowers verticillate, crowded, sessile. 2. or ¢.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula lingueefolia, Haw. mise. nat. p. 175. Stem simple, a foot high. Corolla ampulleform, from green to white. Perhaps only a variety of P. tomentosa. Tongue-leaved Purgosia. Fl. Aug. Cit. 1803. Pl. 1 foot. 2 P. romentosa (Haw. rev. succ. p. 14.) radical leaves ob- long-lanceolate, imbricated, bluntish, villous, ciliated; stem nearly naked; flowers verticillate. 2. or $. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crássula tomentosa, Lin. fil. suppl. p- 190. Stem erect, angular, villous, a foot high. Flowers white. Tomentose Purgosia. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1790. Pl. 1 ft. 3 P. pertu'sa (Haw. rev. succ. p. 14. in phil. mag. 1828. p- 185.) leaves lorate, acuminated, incurved, semicylindrical ; superior bracteas ovate-lanceolate, cartilaginously serrulated, as- cending; scape thyrsoid. &. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crássula corymbuldsa, Link, enum. 1. p. 301. Link et Otto, abbild. p. 39. t. 16. A’loe pertisa, Haw. rev. succ, 15 and 201. Flowers white; petals erect, about equal in length to the stamens. Pertuse-leaved Purgosia. Fl. Nov. Clt. 1818. Pl. 1 foot. 4 P. pertv’suta (Haw. in phil. mag. 1828. p. 184.) leaves lanceolate, recurved, beset with impressed dots on both surfaces; upper bracteas cordate, entire; scape panicled. &. D. G. Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla snow white. Impressed-dotted-leaved Purgosia. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1824. Pl. 1 foot. 5 P. u’rta; radical leaves lanceolate, hairy ; stem herba- ceous, erect, nearly naked, rather pubescent; heads of flowers verticillate. &. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crássula hirta, Thunb. fl. cap. 284. Like P. spicata. Leaves fleshy, white, erect, acute. Flowers white. Hairy Purgosia. Pl. 4 to 1 foot. 6 P. CEPHALO'PHORA ; radical leaves connate, linear-oblong, obtuse, entire; stem nearly naked, erect; heads of flowers op- posite, pedunculate. 3 .? D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula cephalophora, Lin. fil. suppl. p. 190. Thunb. fl. cap. p. 287. Flowers white. Leaves long. Head-bearing Purgosia. PI. } foot. 7 P. crenuta‘ra; leaves connate, lanceolate, obtuse, punc- tately crenulated, glabrous; stem herbaceous, erect, glabrous, terete; corymb decompound. ¢.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula crenulata, Lin. fil. suppl. p. 189. Thunb. fi. cap. p. 287. Flowers white. Crenulated Purgosia. PI. 1 foot. 104 § 2. Ovatifolie (from ovatus, ovate, and folium, a leaf). Leaves ovate, oval, or obovate. 8 P.? cirta‘ra ; stem suffruticose, sparingly branched, terete ; leaves oval, obtuse, flattish, distinct, ciliated; corymbs terminal. XY. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula ciliata, Lin. spec. p. 405. D.C. pl. grass. t. 7.—Dill. elth. t. 98. £116. Cilia of leaves white, cartilaginous, usually retrograde. Flowers cream-coloured. Ciliated Purgosia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1732. Pl. 4 foot. 9 P. conci’nnA; leaves obovate, ciliated, rather imbricated. 4%. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula con- cinna, Haw. rev. succ. This is a much larger plant than the following, to which it is nearly allied. Flowers white. Neat Purgosia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.1818. Pl. 3 foot. 10 P. concinne’LLA; leaves obovate, with densely ciliated sil- very margins. X. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula concinnélla, Haw. in phil. mag. 1823. p. 381. Allied to P, concinna, but weaker, and 4 or 5 times smaller in every part, densely ciliated. Leaves rather imbricated, and appearing as if they were disposed in 2 compressed rows. The rest unknown. Small-neat Purgosia. Fl. July. Clt. 1823. Pl. 4 foot. 11 P, coryLe‘ponis; radical leaves connate, oblong, obtuse, tomentose, ciliated; stem nearly naked, herbaceous, somewhat tetragonal ; flowers disposed in a corymb composed of fascicles. Y. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula coty- ledonis, Lin. fil. suppl. 190. Crassula Cotylédon, Haw. syn. p. 56. but not of Jacq. Stem simple, erect, a foot high. Leaves an inch broad, and a finger in length, erect. Flowers white. Cotyledon Purgosia. Pl. 1 foot. 12 P. caprrerza‘ra (Haw. rev. p. 17.) leaves connate, ob- long, glabrous, cartilaginously ciliated, spreading, longer than the internodes; flowers in whorled heads. ©. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula capitellata, Lin. fil. suppl. p. 190. Thunb. fl. cap. 286. Stem glabrous, terete, erect. Flowers white, approximate, sessile. Headed Purgosia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1774. Pl. 4 foot. 13 P. atpx’stris; leaves connate, ovate, acute, imbricating in 4 rows; heads pedunculated; stem leafy, glabrous. 2. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula alpéstris, Lin. fil. suppl. p. 190. Thunb. fi. cap. 286. nov. act. nat. cur. 6. p. 336. t. 56. f.4. Allied to Crdéssula montana, but differs in the leaves being more acuminated, not ciliated, in the stem being thicker, and clothed with leaves, and in the flowers being larger, Alp Purgosia. PI. 4 foot. 14 P. nEemispH®’rica; lower leaves connate, roundish, imbri- cated into a round heap, cartilaginously ciliated ; stem nearly naked ; flowers rising in fascicles from the axils, forming a pa- nicled spike. ©. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Cras- sula hemisphz’rica, Thunb. prod. p. 57. fl. cap. p. 292. Floral leaves very short. Flowers small, white. Hemispherical Purgosia. PI. 4 foot. 15 P. rnyrsirtdra (Haw. rev. succ. 17.) leaves perfoliate, ovate, obtuse, ciliated, glabrous, erectly spreading; thyrse branched, spicate. ¢. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula thyrsiflora, Lin. fil. suppl. 190. Thunb. fl. ie 283. Stems herbaceous, terete, erect, a span high. Flowers white. Thyrse-flowered Purgosia. Pl. 4 foot. 16 P. osova`ra (Haw. rev. succ. p. 16.) leaves opposite, de- cussate, obovate, ciliated, full of minute impressed dots; stem rather hispid; flowers axillary, in a thyrsoid spike. &. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula obovata, Haw. suppl. p. 17. Flowers white. Allied to P., aloides. Obovate-leaved Purgosia. Fl. June, July. Clt.1818, Pl. 1 ft. 8 CRASSULACEZA, VI. Purcosta. 17 P. atoipes (Haw. rev. succ. p. 16.) stem simple, rather pilose; leaves ovate or spatulately lanceolate, distinct, ciliated, full of impressed dots ; heads of flowers axillary, constituting a thyrsoid spike. ¢.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, Crassula aloides, Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 394. Petals mucronulate, white, with a red rib. Stem half a foot high. Aloe-like Purgosia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1774. Pl. 4 foot, 18 P. puncra‘ta; stems simple, smooth; leaves opposite, ovate, dotted, ciliated: lower ones oblong; corymbs axillary, very short. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula punctata, Lin. spec. p. 406. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2, vol. 2. p. 193. exclusive of the synonyme of Miller, ex Haw. syn, p. 154. Corolla campanulate, white ; limb reflexed; anthers purple. Dotted-leaved Purgosia. FI. April, Aug. Clt.1759. Pl. 1 ft. 19 P. RAMULIFLÒRA ; stem fruticulose, beset with retrograde hairs; leaves opposite, obovate, acute, rather connate, ciliated ; branches axillary, few-flowered ; petals lanceolate, erect, shin- ing at the apex. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, Crassula ramulifléra, Link. enum. 1. p. 801. Otto. et Link. abbild. p. 41. t. 17. Flowers white. Calyx and leaves usually reddish at the apex. Branch-flowered Purgosia. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1822. Sh. } ft. 20 P. turrira (Haw. rev. succ. p. 16.) radical leaves opposite, connate, ovate-oblong, acute, imbricating in 4 rows, villously cili- ated ; stem leafy at the base; flowers in whorls, &. D.G. Na-: tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Crdssula turrita, Thunb. prod. 3. p. 55. fl. cap. p. 283. Jacq. scheenbr. 1. t. 52. Stem simple, a foot high. Corolla pale, reddish at the apex. Var. B, rosea (Haw. 1. c.) flowers red. Tower Purgosia. Fl. Feb. Mar. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 foot. 21 P. Barsa'ra ; radical leaves opposite, connate, crowded, imbricated into a round heap, reticulated, bearded ; stem nearly naked; flowers in whorls. &. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula barbata, Thunb. prod. p. 57. fl. cap. P. 292. Lin. fil. suppl. 188. Floral leaves not exceeding the flowers. Stem glabrous, a span high. Bearded Purgosia. Pl. 4 foot. 22 P. monra‘na; leaves connate, ovate, acute: radical ones approximate : cauline ones distant ; flowers in whorls, in the axils of the upper leaves: ultimate ones capitate. 2%. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula montana, Lin. fil. suppl. p. 189. Thunb. fl. cap. p. 285. Stem filiform, simple. Calyxes ciliated. Mountain Purgosia. PI. 4 foot. 23 P. DENTATA; plant glabrous, nearly leafless ; leaves al- most radical, petiolate, toothed, roundish-cordate ; flowers sub- umbellate. &? D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, among rocks on the mountain called Ribekcasteel. Crassula dentata, Thunb. prod. p. 57. fl. cap. p. 293. Umbels of flowers radical. Peduncles shorter than the leaves. Toothed-leaved Purgosia. PI. 4 foot. 24 P. pyramipa‘iis ; leaves connate, imbricating in 4 rows ovate, obtuse, entire, glabrous ; heads terminal, sessile, globos® %. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula py! midalis, Lin. fil. suppl. p. 189. Thunb. fl. cap. p. 287. 20%: act. cur. 6. p. 336. t. 5. b. f. 3. Stems flexuous, erect, cove? over with leaves. Leaves a line long. Said to be allied t0 Crassula muscosa. Pyramidal Purgosia. PI. 4 foot. ers 25 P.? DEBILIS; stem herbaceous, dichotomous, straightis z leaves opposite, glabrous, crowded, nearly terete, concave; y pulose ; flowers pedicellate ; petals linear. &? D. G. Nativ of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula dèbilis, Thunb. fl. oo p. 280. CRASSULACE. VI. Purcosta. Weak Purgosia. PI. 4 foot. 26 P. rupr’stris; leaves connate, ovate, quite entire, gla- brous, approximate, convex and carinated beneath ; corymbs trichotomous, fastigiate, supra-decompound. 4. D. G. ` Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula rupéstris, Lin. fil. suppl. p. 189. Thunb. fl. cap. 288. Pedicels glabrous, of a purplish colour. Petals white. Stem erect, a hand high or more. Rock Purgosia. Pl. 4 foot. 27 P. re’cra; leaves almost radical, connate, ovate, obtuse, imbricated, cartilaginously ciliated, and clothed with greyish powder; scape nearly naked, filiform ; flowers sessile, capitate. å. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula técta, Lin. fil. suppl. p. 190. Thunb. fl. cap. 290. Flowers small, white. Scape an inch high. Clothed Purgosia. Pl. 1 to 2 inches. 28 P.? minima; glabrous, nearly stemless; leaves petiolate, roundish, entire ; peduncles nearly radical, 1-flowered. ¢. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula minima, Thunb. prod. p. 57. fi. cap. p. 292. Least Purgosia. PI. 4 foot. 29 P. spica‘ra; radical leaves glabrous, connate, linear-subu- late; stem erect, herbaceous, nearly naked ; heads of flowers verticillated. &? D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula spicata, Lin. fil. suppl. p. 189. Thunb. fl. cap. p. 284. Whorls of flowers sessile, many-flowered, approximate. Spike-flowered Purgosia. Pl. 4 to 1 foot. Cult. The greater part of this genus of succulent plants being biennial, the seeds of them should be sown in spring or summer, in pots filled with gravelly sand and loam, well drained in the bottom. Cuttings of them are also easily rooted, if Jaid to dry a few days after they are cut, before being planted, espe- cially of those species which are permanent. Brick rubbish, mixed with loam, is a good soil for the grown up plants. _ VII. GLOBU'LEA (from globulus, a globule or small globe ; in reference to the waxy globules with which the petals are tipped). Haw. syn. p. 60. rev. succ. p. 17. phil. mag. 1824. sept. p. 189.—Crassula species of Lin. and others. Lin. syst. Penténdria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-parted. Pe- tals 5, erect, bearing each a waxy globule at the apex. Stamens 5, shorter than the petals. Scales 5, short, broad, obtuse. Car- pels 5.—Herbs, natives of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves flat, rather cultrate : cauline ones few: radical ones crowded, Opposite, not always decussate, but more or less disposed by pairs, in a spiral manner, about the base of the stem. Flowers oo corymbs, subcapitate, small, of a pale cream colour or white, § 1. Cultrate (from cultratus, made like a knife ; form of leaves like a pruning knife). Leaves cuneately-obovate, cultrate. Stem suffruticose. Haw. in phil. mag. 1824. p. 190. 1 G. currra‘ra (Haw. syn. p. 60.) erect; leaves obovate- elliptic, acutish, obliquely subreflexed, connate, flattish, shining. hk. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula cul- trata, Lin. spec. 2. p. 405. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1940.— Dill. hort. elth. p. 115. t. 97. fL Flowers cream-coloured. Cultrate-leaved Globulea. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1732. Sh. 1 ft. 2 G. raprcans (Haw. in phil. mag. 1824. p. 27.) plant erect, bushy ; branches crowded, rooting downwards; leaves lanceo- late-ovate, cultrate ; flowers in dense heads. k. D. G. Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. It differs from the preceding in the sepals being obtuse, in the heads of flowers being more se, and in the flowers being smaller. Flowers white. Rooting Globulea. FI. Ju. Oct. Cit. 1823. Sh, 1 foot. G. arropurru'rea (Haw. in phil. mag. 1824. p. 189.) VOL. III. VII. GLoBULEA. 105 leaves obliquely cuneate-obovate, dark purple; scape or flower bearing stem, very long, and panicled. h. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula obliqua £, Haw. rev. suce. p. 204. It approaches very near G. cultrata, but differs in the in- florescence. Flowers white. Dark purple-leaved Globulea. 4 to 1 foot. § 2. Linguàtæ (from lingua, a tongue; form of leaves). Leaves lorate, obtuse, convex beneath, or narrow tongue-formed, imbricating exactly in 4 rows. Stem very short or herbaceous. Scapes or floriferous stems naked. Haw. in phil. mag. 1824. p. 191. 4 G. 11’'ncva (Haw. in phil. mag. 1824. p. 28.) leaves elon- gated, lorate, ventricosely semi-lanceolate, cultrate, and are as well as the calyxes ciliated. X4. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves without dots. Flowers panicled, white ; anthers yellow. Tongue-leaved Globulea. FI. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1823. Pl. 1 ft. 5 G. rincuta (Haw. l. c. p. 29.) leaves rather elongated, ventricosely semi-lanceolate, cultrate, thin, flaccid. Y. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Very like the preceding, but much smaller. Small-tongue-leaved Globulea. Pl. 4 foot. 6 G. carira‘ta (Haw. rev. suce. p. 17.) leaves ventricosely lanceolate, cultrate, rather convex beneath, imbricately decus- sate, when young hoary. Y%. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crássula capitata, Salm-Dyck, cat. 1820. p. 14. but not of Lam. Very like G. obvallata, but larger, and the leaves are more acinaciform, usually an inch and a half broad. Capitate-flowered Globulea. FI. June, Jul. Clt. 1819. PI. 4 to 1 foot. 7 G. osvarra`ra (Haw. syn. p. 60.) leaves opposite, connate, sublanceolate, cultrate, with cartilaginously ciliated edges : radi- cal ones approximate; panicle elongated; peduncles opposite, cymose. h.or Y.D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Trew. pl. rar. 1. t. 11. Crassula obvallata, Lin. mant. p. 61. D.C. pl. grass. t. 61. Crassula obfalcata and obvallaris, Hortul. Flowers white. Guarded-leaved Globulea. FI. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1795. Pl. 4 ft. 8 G. canz’scens (Haw. syn. p. 61.) leaves all radical, decus- sately imbricated, ciliated, lorately lanceolate, bent, cultrate, canescent. %. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula canéscens, Schultes, syst. 6. p. 734. An intermediate species between G. obvallata and G. nudicailis. Canescent Globulea. FI. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1800. §3. Angustdte (from angustus, narrow; leaves). Leaves linear, semi-terete, furrowed, or terete. Stems herbaceous, tufted. Scapes leafless. Haw. in phil. mag. 1824. p. 191. 9 G. nupicau'Ls (Haw. syn. p. 61.) stemless; leaves radical, crowded, rosulate, semi-terete, subulate, acute, rather pubescent; scape nearly naked; heads of flowers somewhat verticillate, glomerated at the apex of the scape. %4. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula nudicaúlis, Lin. spec. p. 405. D.C. pl. grass. t. 132.—Dill. hort. elth. p. 116. t. 99. f. 115. Flowers white. Naked-stemmed Globulea. 4 to 4 foot. 10 G. surca`ra (Haw. rev. p. 18.) stemless ; leaves incurved, subulate, semi-terete, deep green, shining, broadly channelled. 4%. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Very like G. nudicatlis, but differs in being glabrous, and in the leaves being broadly furrowed above. a Furrowed-leaved Globulea. F). Ju. Sept. Cit. 1818. Pl. { ft. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1823. Shrub FI. June, July. Clt. 1823. Pl. 4 foot. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1732. PI. 106 CRASSULACEA. VII. GLoBULEA. § 4. Lordte (from loratus, lorate; shape of leaves). Leaves lorate, narrowest at the apex, convex beneath, tufted, imbricating in 4 rows. Stems herbaceous. Scapes leafy. 11 G. rmpre’ssa (Haw. in phil. mag. 1824. p. 189.) plant stemless ; leaves lorately-lanceolate, green, full of impressed dots; dots large, scattered, numerous. ¥.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves czespitose, decussate, rather ciliated at the base. Flowers small, pale. Var. P, minor (Haw. 1. c.) smaller ; dots on leaves more ob- solete. Impressed-dotted Globulea. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1820. Pl. 4ft. 12 G. panicua‘ra (Haw. in phil. mag. 1825. p. 29.) leaves lorate, acuminated, green, beset with minute impressed dots ; branches of panicle spike-formed. Y. D Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Plant stemless, smooth. Leaves convex beneath and channelled above, with cartilaginously sub-ciliated margins. Flowers snow white; anthers yellow. Panicled-flowered Globulea. FI. Jul. Clt. 1823. Pl. 4 to4 ft. 13 G. nisrra (Haw. l. c. p. 30.) leaves crowded, lorate, acuminated, convex beneath, hispid; stem suffruticose, hispid. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white. Hispid Globulea. Fl. Nov. Clt. 1823. Pl. 4 foot. § 5. Subulate (from subula, an awl; shape of leaves). Leaves subulate, fleshy, flattish above. Stems suffruticose, branched. Flowers disposed in dense, cymose, terminal heads. Han.in phil. mag. 1824. p. 191. 14 G. MESEMERYANTHEMOÌDES (Haw. l. c. p- 190.) stems suf- fruticose, bushy, erect; leaves subulate, and are as well as the branches, branchlets, and calyxes hispid. h. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers glomerate, in dense fasci- cles, cream-coloured. Var. B; planta little taller; flowers not so crowded. Fig-marigold-like Globulea. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1820. Pl. 4 to 4 foot. 15 G. supinca'ya (Haw. l. c.) stem suffruticose, erectly de- cumbent ; leaves semiterete, subulate, acute, a little incurved, and are as well as the branchlets covered with soft hoary down, h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white. There are decumbent and erect varieties of this plant. Hoaryish Globulea. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1823. Pl; + foot. 16 G. métus (Haw. l. c. p. 191.) leaves semi-cylindrical, acute, gibbous below, smooth, erectish, finely tomentose; cymes terminal, compound. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula móllis, Lin. fil. suppl. p.189. Thunb. fl. cap. p. 284. Stem frutescent, angular, a foot high, simple, erect. Leaves somewhat triquetrous, and therefore it is probably a distinct genus according to Haworth. Flowers white. Soft Globulea. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1774. Shrub 1 foot. Cult. Globilea is a very pretty genus of succulent plants. Sandy loam and brick rubbish is a good soil for them; and the pots should be well drained. Cuttings root easily if laid to dry a few days after cutting off, before they are planted, t the wound, that they may not rot. A plants is on the shelves of a greenhouse, o dry up good situation for the VIII. CURTO’'GYNE (kuproc, kurtos, gibbous, and yurn, gyne a style, in botanical language ; in reference to the gibbous ovaria). Haw: rev. succ. p. 8. D.C. prod. 3. p. 392. Lin. syst. Pentándria, Pentagýnia. Calyx 5-parted, much shorter than the corolla. Petals 5, united at the base into 5- parted corolla. Stamens 5. Scales 5, short. Ovaria 5, terete- oblong, gibbous at the apex, ending each in a long sublateral style.—Subshrubs, natives of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves opposite, flat, rather fleshy, cartilaginously ciliated, ovate. In- VIII. Currocyne. IX. GRAMMANTHES. florescence disposed in umbellate cymes. Flowers white,—This is an intermediate genus between Crdssula and Rochea, 1 C. unpa’ta (Haw. rev. p. 8.) leaves oblong, or ovate- tongue-shaped, expanded : upper ones waved. h.D.G. Na tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Curtégyne dejécta, D. C, prod. 3. p. 392. Crassula dejécta, Jacq. schoenbr. t. 438, Crassula undata, Haw. suppl. 19. Stems much branched, weak, Petals snow white, spreading ; anthers exserted, purple, but at length blackish. Wavy-leaved Curtogyne. decumbent. 2 C. unpuza‘ra (Haw. rev. p. 9.) leaves connate, ovate, ex- panded, cartilaginously crenated : superior ones ovate-elliptic, un» dulately incurved ; stems dichotomous. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crássula undulàta, Haw. syn. p. 53, Similar to the first species, but differs in all the parts being much smaller and more branched. Flowers white. Undulate-leaved Curtogyne. FI. Aug. Clt.1797. Sh.dft 3 C. unpésa (Haw. in phil. mag. 1827. p. 184.) leaves ovate- tongue-shaped, curled: those of the flowering branches retro- flexed. k.D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Waved-leaved Curtogyne. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1824. Sh.1 ft, Cult. The culture and propagation of the species of this genus are the same as that recommended for Globilea, above. A pretty succulent genus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818, Pi, IX. GRAMMA’NTHES (from ypappa, gramma, a writing, and av6oc, anthos, a flower; in consequence of the segments of the corolla having some supposed resemblance to the letter V marked on them; hence also its synonymous name Vaun- thes). D.C. prod. 3. p. 392. mem. crass. t. 1. f. 6. Vauánthes, Haw. rev. p. 18.—Crássula species of Lin. and others. Lin. syst. Pentándria, Pentagynia, Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft, erect. Corolla gamopetalous, having the tube the len of the calyx ; and the lobes 5-6, oval, expanded. Stamens 5-6, alternating with the lobes, inserted in the tube of the corolla, and inclosed within it. Scales wanting. Carpels 5.—Herbs annual. Leaves opposite, ovate-oblong, remote, flat, sessile Flowers disposed in cymose corymbs. 1 G. cuLorærLòra (Haw. l. c.) leaves oblong. ©. D G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Herm. lugd. bat p. 553, with a figure. Crassula retrofléxa, Thunb. fl. ~ p. 282. but not of Meerb. Crassula dichótoma, Lin. amæn. 6 p. 86. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 1. p- 392. Pedicels lateral. Flowers yellow. The segments of the corolla elegantly mark with the inverted letter V. in red. j n Var. B; flowers orange-coloured. Crássula retrofléxa, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 194. Haw. syn. p. 57. if Chlora-flowered Grammanthes. Fl. Jul. Clt. 1774. Plz 2 G. cenvianolpes (D. C. prod. 3. p. 393.) leaves ovate oblong. ©. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. 15 sula gentianoides, Lam. dict. 2. p. 175.— Pluk. mant. 89. t. 41% f. 6. Flowers pale blue, ex Pluk. and Lam. but the flowers atè more likely yellow, and have become bluish on drying. Per r sufficiently distinct from the preceding. Gentian-like Grammanthes. P]. 4 foot. ol Cult. Sow the seeds thinly in pots filled with a mixture, gravelly sand or lime rubbish and loam, draining them well w! sherds. The species are singular succulent plants. X. RO'CHEA (in honour of M. de la Roche, author of # - monograph on the genus Eryngium, &c.). D. C. pl. grass n 103. prod. 3. p. ench. no. 753, p. 50. 393. mem. crass. t. 1. f. 3. Lardchea, p Reem. et Schultes, syst. no. 1255. Haw. CRASSULACEA. X. Rocuega. Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Pentagiynia. Calyx 5-lobed. Pe- tals 5, united into gamopetalous hypocrateriform corolla; with a short tube, equal in length to the spreading limb, or shorter than it. Stamens 5, alternating with the petals, a little exserted. Glands and carpels 5.—Tall, fleshy, simple, succulent shrubs. Leaves opposite, connate at the base, thick, white. Flowers disposed in terminal corymbs, without any bracteas. 1 R. rarca'ra (D. C. pl. grass. t. 103.) leaves rather con- nate, thick, glaucous, oblong, bluntish, bent down in the form of a sickle. h. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. La- rochea falcata, Haw. syn. p. 50. Tratt. thes. t. 20. Crassula falcata, Willd. enum. p. 341. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2085. Cras- sula retrofléxa, Meerb. with a figure. Crassula obliqua, Andr. bot. rep. p. 414. exclusive of the synonyms. Crassula Swel- lingrebliana and Cr. decussata, Hort. gall. Flowers scarlet, with the tube about 4 lines long, forming a large, dense, terminal corymb. Var. B, minor (Haw. rev. succ. p. 3.) all parts of the plant smaller. Sickle-leaved Rochea, FI. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1795. Sh. 3 to 8 ft. 2 R. vperrorra‘ta (Haw. rev. p. 6. under Lardchea) leaves connate, lanceolate, acuminated, rather channelled above, convex beneath, of a greenish glaucous colour. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula perfoliata, Lin. spec. 404. Haw. syn. p. 51. Flowers scarlet, disposed in large, terminal corymbs. Leaves said to be ciliated. Var. B, albiflora (Haw. 1. c.) flowers white. Crassula perfo- liata, D. C. pl. grass. t. 13.—Dill. hort. elth. f. 113. Mil. fig. t.108. Comm. prel. t. 23. without any flower, and is there- fore referrible to A‘loe pertisa, Haw. in Lin. trans. 7. p. 25. Perfoliate-leaved Rochea. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1700. Sh. 3 to 6 feet. 7 3 R. arsrròra (D. C. prod. 3. p. 393.) leaves distinct, ovate, acuminated, spreading, cartilaginously ciliated. k.D. G. Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula albiflora, Sims. bot. mag. t. 2391. Flowers white, disposed like those of R. falcata, but larger than those of R. perfoliata. Anthers blackish, and a little more exserted than those of the other species. White-flowered Rochea. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1800. 2 to 3 feet ? $ Cult. Large, succulent plants, elegant when in flower. Their culture, propagation, and treatment are the same as that recom- mended for Globùlea, p. 106. Shrub XI. KALOSA'NTHES (from xaħoc, kalos, beautiful, and avðocç, anthos, a flower; flowers elegant). Haw. rev. suce. 1821, p. 6. but not of Blume.—Dietrichia, Tratt. tab. t. 449. arch. gew. (1812.) no. 449. but not of Reeusch.—Rochea, sect. 2. Franciscea, D. C. prod. 3. p. 393. Lin. syst. Penténdria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-lobed (F 26. a). Petals 5, united into a gamopetalous hypocratriform co- rolla (f. 26. a.), with a cylindrical tube 2 or 3 times longer than the spreading limb (f. 26. a.). Stamens 5, alternating with the petals; anthers in the throat of the tube of the corolla. Glands and carpels 5.—Succulent shrubs. Leaves opposite, oval, or oblong, connate, flat, cartilaginously ciliated. Flowers disposed in cymose umbels or heads, involucrated with numerous bracteas. _ 1 K. coccinga (Haw. rev. p. 18.) leaves connate and ee ing at the base, ovate-oblong, acutish. h. D. G. Native o the Cape of Good Hope. Lardchea coccinea, Haw. syn. p. 50. Crassula coccinea, Lin. spec. Curt. bot. mag. t. 495. oa chia coccinea, Tratt. thes. t. 19.—Comm, rar. t. 24. Bradl. suce. t. 50, Burm. afr. t. 23. f. 1. Flowers scarlet; tube an meh long. According to Breyn. prod. 3. t. 20. f. 1. there is a variety with hails Scdsureit flowers ; and according to Bradl, succ. XI. KALOSANTHES. 107 t. 50. and Haw. rev. p. 8. there is a variety with white flowers, but in the gardens it is not to be found but with scarlet flowers. Scarlet-flowered Kalosanthes. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1710. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 2 K. me'pra (Haw. rev. p. 7.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, con- nate, stem-clasping; flowers variable in colour. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Ròchea mèdia, D. C. prod. 3. p: 394. Middle Kalosanthes. Fl. Ju. Jul. Cit. 1810. Shrub1 ft. 3 K. versicotor (Haw. rev. p. 7.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, connate and sheathing at the base; stem erect, branched ; flowers in umbellate heads. h. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on the Table Mountain. Crassula versicolor, Burch, ex Ker. bot. reg. t. 320. Rochea versicolor, D. C. prod. 8. p. 394. Flowers about the size of those of K. coccinea, having the tube white, and the segments of the limb oval, white in the middle, edged with scarlet. Calyx as long as } of the tube of the corolla. Party-coloured-flowered Kalosanthes. 1817. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 4 K. oporarissima (Haw. rev. p: 7.) leaves linear-lanceolate, gradually acuminated, connately stem-clasping ; flowers in umbel- late heads; segmerts of the co- rolla oblong, acutish. h. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crássula odoratíssima, Andr. bot. rep. t. 26, Jacq. hort. scheenbr. t. 434. Laròchea odo- ratíssima, Haw. syn. p. 51. Die- tríchia odoratíssima, Tratt. Rò- chea odoratissima, D. C. prod. 3. p- 394. The flowers are yellow, according to Andrews; yellow- ish, Haworth ; but with red claws and white lamina, according to Jacquin; they have the scent of those of Polyánthus tuberòsus, or Tube-rose. Var. B, álba (D.C. prod. 3. p. 394.) flowers white. h . D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crássula capitàta, Lodd. bot. cab. t. 1029. Leaves less ciliated, according to the figure, than those of the species. Sweet-scented Kalosanthes. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1793. Sh. 1 ft. 5 K. srcoror (Haw. rev. p. 7.) flowers capitate, sessile, yel- low, and scarlet. p. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Very like the preceding species, but larger and more rigid, and the leaves are more acute. T'wo-coloured-flowered Kalosanthes. Shrub 1 foot. 6 K. rra'va (Haw. syn. p. 50. under Laròchea) leaves con- nate, sheathing, smooth, approximate, linear, thick, acute. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Burm. afr. t. 23. f. 3. Pluk. alm. t. 314. f. 2. Crassula flava, Lin. mant. p. 60. Flowers yellow, disposed in a panicled corymb. Yellow-flowered Kalosanthes. Shrub 1 to 2 feet? 7 K. cymòsa (Haw. rev. p. 7.) leaves connate, sheathing, linear ; cymes terminal ; stem shrubby. h. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crássula cymòsa, Lin. mant. 222. C. capitàta, Lam. dict. 2. p. 171. Laròchea cymòsa, Haw. syn. p. 50. Flowers red. Cymose-flowered Kalosanthes, FI. Aug. Clt. 1800, Pl. ł ft. 8 K. sasmi'nga (Haw. rev. p. 6.) leaves lanceolate, sessile, bluntish ; flowers few, capitate; stems suffruticose, decumbent. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula jas- minifldra, Haw. Crdssula jasminea, Sims, bot. mag. 2178. r2 Fl. Mar. Sept. Clit. FIG. 26. Fl. Ju. Jul. Cit. 1810. 108 Lodd. bot. cab. 1040. Crassula obtisa, Haw. suppl. p. 16. Rochea jasminea, D. C. prod. 3. p. 394. Flowers white at first, but becoming reddish as they fade, very like those of the common jasmine, scentless. Tube of corolla almost 3 times longer than the calyx. Heads containing 2-4 flowers. Jasmine-flowered Kalosanthes. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1815. Shrub decumbent. 9 K. siconve’xa (Haw. in phil. mag. 1824. p. 185.) leaves narrow-linear, distinctly convex on both surfaces. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula biconvéxa, Haw. mise. p. 175. syn. 53. Ròchea biconvéxa, D. C. prod. 3. p. 394. Flowers white ? Double-convex-leaved Kalosanthes. Shrub § to 1 foot. 10 K. rascrcuxa‘ris (Schultes, syst. 6. p. 709. under Laréchea,) leaves connately sheathing at the base, Jinear-lanceolate ; flowers in fascicles; segments of the calyx lanceolate, acute, ciliated. hk. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Crassula fasci- cularis, Lam. dict. 2. p. 171. Leaves glabrous, cartilaginously ciliated. Corolla almost as in K. coccinea, but is a little shorter. Fascicled-\eaved Kalosanthes. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. Cult. Elegant succulent shrubs, worth cultivating in every collection for the beauty of their flowers. The culture, propa- gation, and treatment they require are the same as that recom- mended for Globilea, p. 106. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1823. XII. KALANCHO'E (Chinese name of one of the species). Adans. fam. 2, p. 248. D. C. pl. grass. no. 64. D. C. prod. 3. p. 394. Haw. in phil. mag. 1829. p. 301.—Calanchde, Pers.— Veréia, Andr. bot. rep. t. 21. Vérea, Willd. Lin. syst. Octdndria, Tetragynia. Calyx 4-parted (rarely 5-parted) ; sepals united only at the very base, lorate, acute, spreadingly recurved at the apex. Corolla gamopetalous, hypo- crateriform with an obversely clavate tube, and a 4-parted (rarely 5-parted) spreading limb. Stamens 8, 4 of which are adnate to the tube, nearly to the middle, the other 4 almost to the apex. Scales 4, linear, but almost obsolete in the K. vdrians. Carpels 4, continuous, with the filiform styles.—Succulent sub- shrubs, from 1 to 2 feet high, erect, a little branched. Leaves opposite, fleshy, more or less irregularly impari-pinnate, or ovate, toothed or serrated, and often of a glaucous hue. Flowers disposed in loose cymose terminal panicles, yellow, or rufescent, rarely white, scentless. This is a very natural genus. * Leaves pinnatifid. 1 K. ceratopsy’tia (Haw. rev. p. 23. phil. mag. 1. c.) leaves pedately bipinnatifid, deeply and broadly toothed, pale green; stem branched. h.D. S. Native of China. Flowers yellow. Braan. icon. chin. t. 9. Horn-leaved Kalanchoe. 1 to 2 feet. 2 K. vacrnra‘ra (Haw. syn. p. 111.) leaves simply pinnatifid, glaucous; segments deeply and broadly toothed. h. D. S. Native of Java, Moluccas, and Mauritius; and of Egypt. D.C. pl. grass. t. 100. Planta anatis, Rumph. amb. 5. t. 95. Coty- lèdon laciniata, Lin. spec. 1. p. 615.—Weinm. phyt. t. 435. Flowers yellow. Jagged-\eaved Kalanchoe. 1 to 2 feet. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub Fl. July, Aug. Cit. 1781. Shrub * * Leaves simple; but in K. varians some of them are tri- cuspidate. 3 K. va`rians (Haw. in phil. mag. 1829. p. 302.) smooth, glaucous ; leaves oval, broadly toothed: upper ones sometimes CRASSULACEZ. XI. Katosantues. XII. KALANCHOE. tricuspidate. h. D. S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers yellow, sometimes 5-cleft. Varying Kalanchoe. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.? Shrub 2 feet. 4 K. crena‘ta (Haw. syn. p. 109.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, broadly toothed, crenated : crenz usually double. k. D. S, Native of Sierra Leone. Kalanchde Vérea, Pers. ench. 1. p. 446, Veréia crenata, Kennedy in Andr. bot. rep. 1. t. 21, Cotylédon crenata, Sims, in bot. mag. 1436, Vent. malm. t. 49, Cotylédon Vèrea, Jacq. schænbr. t. 435.—Pluk. alm. t. 228. f, 3. Flowers yellow. Crenated-leaved Kalanchoe. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1793. Sh. 1 to 2 feet. j 5 K. acurirrtòra (Haw. syn. p. 109.) leaves broad-lanceolate, crenated, glabrous, thick ; segments of attenuated corolla acute. h.D.S. Native of the East Indies. Verèia acutiflòra, Ken- nedy in Andr. bot. rep. t. 560. Flowers whitish. Acute-flowered Kalanchoe. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt, 1806. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 6 K. ranceora‘ta (D. C. prod. 3. p. 395.) leaves lanceo- late, crenated at the apex ; stem, peduncles, calyxes, and corol- las, villous; cymes panicled. kh. D. G. Native of Arabia Cotylédon lanceolata, Forsk. desc. p. 89. Flowers said to be reddish yellow, that is, probably brownish. Lanceolate-leaved Kalanchoe. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 7 K. Brasrue’nsis (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 196.) puberulous; lower leaves roundish: middle ones obovate-lanceolate : upper ones linear; all crenately serrated; cymes dense ; lobes of co- rolla very acute. h.D.S. Native of Brazil, near Rio Ja- neiro by the sea side. Corolla with a yellow tube, and a rose- coloured limb. This plant seems to be an exception from the exciting and acrid properties peculiar to the rest of Crassulàceg, it being used by the Brazilians in their domestic medicine. Brazilian Kalanchoe. Shrub | to 2 feet. ; > 8 K. avre’/enans (D. C.. prod. 3. p. 395.) leaves roundish- spatulate, quite entire; panicles glabrous. h.D. G. Native of Arabia, on mountains. Cotylédon altérnans, Vahl. symb. 2. p. 51. but not of Haw. Cotylèdon orbiculata, Forsk. cat. arab. p. 112. Segnients of corolla reddish yellow, that is, probably brown. Alternating Kalanchoe. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 9 K. rorunpirox1a (Haw. in phil. mag. July, 1825. p. 31.) plant straight and slender ; leaves thick : lower ones roundish : upper ones obovate, and almost entire ; flowers small. h . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers rufescent or yellow. Round-leaved Kalanchoe. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 10 K. Æeyrrraca (D. C. pl. grass. t. 64. prod. 3. p. 395.) leaves obovate-spatulate, crenated : lower ones obtuse, and rather concave: upper ones acute; cyme a crowded panicle. R. G. Native of Egypt, on Mount Melhan. Cotylédon intègra Medik. comm. pal. 3. p. 200. t.9. Cotylèdon nudicaúlis, Vahl. symb. 2. p. 59. Cotylédon deficiens, Forsk. descr. p. 8% Flowers orange-coloured. Egyptian Kalanchoe. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 11 K. sparuta‘ra (D. C. pl. grass. t. 65.) leaves obovately- spatulate, crenated, glabrous: lower ones obtuse : upper ones acute; cymes panicled, loose. h. D. G. Native of China. Cotylédon hybrida, Hort. par. Cotylédon spatulata, Poir. suppl 2. p. 373. Flowers yellow. Spatulate-leaved Kalanchoe. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Sh. 1 to 2 feet. Cult. The species of Kalanchde being succulent, require very little water unless when growing freely ; and the pots in whic they are grown ought to be well drained with sherds. A m3- ture of loam and sand appears to be the best soil for them. The species are easily increased by cuttings. A leaf taken off any CRASSULACEZ. XIII. Bryopuytzium. of the species, and laid on the pot of mould, or on a tan-bed, will shoot out young plants from the notches on the edges of the leaf. XIII. BRYOPHY’LLUM (from Bove, bryo, to sprout, and guddXov, phyllon, a leaf; plants spring from the notches on the edges of the leaves when taken off the plant, and placed in a moist situation). Salisb. par. 3. D. C. prod. 3. p. 395.—Crassotivia, Comm. mss.—Physocalycium, Vest. in fl. 1820. p. 409.—Coty- lédon species, Lam.—Calanchée species, Pers. Lin. syst. Octdndria, Tetragynia. Calyx inflated, bladdery before flowering, hardly 4-cleft to the middle; lobes 4, valvate. Corolla gamopetalous, hypogynous, having a long cylindrical tube, which is bluntly tetragonal at the base ; and the lobes of the limb triangular and acute. Stamens 8, adnate to the base of the tube. Glands 4, oblong.—A fleshy, erect, branched, gla- brous shrub. Leaves opposite, thick, petiolate ; some impari-pin- nate, with one or 2 pairs of segments, the terminal segment large ; others solitary, all ovate and crenated; crenz bearing an opaque dot in each, which is easily made to evolve into a plant. Cymes panicled, terminal. Flowers yellowish red, or green and red. Calyx almost like that of Siléne inflata. 1 B. catrycinum (Salisb. 1l. c.) h. D. S. Native of the Mo- luccas and the Mauritius. Sims, bot. mag. 1409. herb. amat. t. 317. Crassoúvia floripéndula, Comm. mss. Cotylédon pinnata, Lam. dict. 2. p. 141. Calanchòe pinnàta, Pers. ench. 1. p. 446. Cotylèdon calyculàta, Soland. in herb. Banks. Coty- lèdon rehizophýlla, Roxb. Cotylédon calycina, Roth, nov. spec. 217. Large-calyxed Bryophyllum. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1806. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. Cult. See Kalanchée above for culture and propagation. _XIV. COTYLE'DON (from korvAn, kotyle, a cavity ; cup? like leaves of some species). D.C. bull. phil. 1801. no. 49. p. 1. prod. 3. p. 396. mem. cras. t. 1. f. 7. Cotylédones Capénses, Lin. Burm. Haw, &c. Lin. syst. Decdndria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-parted, much shorter than the tube of the corolla. Corolla gamopetalous ; tube ovate-cylindrical ; limb 5-lobed, spreadingly reflexed or revolute ; lobes obtuse. Stamens 10, adnate to the base of the tube of the corolla: the upper part free, exserted or almost in- closed. Seales oval. Carpels 5, continuous, with the styles, which are subulate.—Fleshy shrubs, native of the Cape of Good ope. Leaves usually scattered. Flowers loose, panicled, pur- Plish or orange-coloured. This genus has been divided into sections from the form of the corolla by the Prince Salm-Dyck, but the corolla being unknown in a great many of the species we cannot follow these divisions. * Leaves opposite. 1 C. unpuza‘ra (Haw. suppl. 20. rev. 20.) leaves opposite, thomboid-ovate, with an acumen, pale green: older ones large and Very thick, margined with red at the apex : when young lean and waved. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers unknown. Very similar to C. orbiculata, but the stem is more oe and the leaves longer, and less obtuse at the apex. Salm- yck. in litt. Undulated-leaved Cotyledon. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1818. Sh. 1 ft. 2 C. ORBICULA`TA (Lin. spec. 614.) leaves opposite, flat, obovately-spatulate, obtuse, with an acumen, glaucous, an mealy, margined with red; flowers panicled ; caudex erect, branched, h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. D.C, pl. grass. no. 76. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 108. Flowers reddish. : Var. a, rotundifdlia (D.C. prod. 3. p. 396.) leaves roundish. 109 XIV. Cotyepon. —C. orbiculata, Haw. succ. syn. p. 105. C. orbiculata y, ro- tanda, D.C. 1.c¢. Var. B, obovata (D. C. 1. c.) leaves obovate, margined with red.—C. ovata, Haw. l.c. C. orbiculata var. a, D. C. pl. grass. t. 76. Curt. bot. mag. t. 321.—Mor. oxon. sect. 12. t. 7. f. 39. Herm. lugd. bat. 551. with a figure. Var. y, oblénga (D.C. 1.c.) leaves oblong.—C. oblénga, Haw. l.c. C. orbiculata ĝ, Ait. 1. c. Var, ò, elàta (Salm-Dyck. in litt.) leaves orbicularly obovate, white, and mealy ; stem tall, firm, a little branched. C. elata, Haw. suppl. p. 20. Var. «, ramòsa (Salm-Dyck. in litt.) leaves ovate-spatulate, white, and mealy; caudex much branched; branches effuse. C. ramòsa, Haw. suppl. p. 20. C. ramosissima, Mill. dict, C. orbiculàta y, Ait. hort. kew. Orbicular-leaved Cotyledon. FI. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 3 C. crasstvon1a (Haw. in phil. mag. 1826. p. 272.) stem erect, shrubby ; plant white from mealiness ; leaves rhomboid, obcuneated, thick. hk. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves distant, decussately opposite, edged with brown- ish purple on the margin above the middle. Flowers not seen, Thick-leaved Cotyledon. Clt. 1824. Shrub 1} to 3 feet. 4 C. vi'rivis (Haw. in phil. mag. 1826. p. 272.) stem shrubby, erect, nearly simple; leaves obovate-cuneated, green. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves middle-sized, lean. In habit it follows C. crassifolia. Green Cotyledon. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 5 C. ramosi'ssima (Haw. suppl. p. 25.) leaves oblong-spatu- late, farinose, margined with red at the apex; caudex much branched; young branchlets erect: old ones twisted, and crowded. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. C. paniculata, Lin, fil. suppl. Flowers unknown. Leaves not half the size of those of the smallest variety of C. orbiculata, hardly 15 lines long, and 9 lines broad. Most-branched Cotyledon. Fl. May, Ju. Clt, 1816. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 6 C. corv’scans (Haw. suppl. p. 21.) leaves decussate, aggre- gate, cuneate-oblong, channelled, with thickened margins, api- culated, covered with white mealiness ; flowers pendulous, dis- posed in umbellate panicles. .D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Sims, bot. mag. 2601. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 1030. C. canalifolia, Haw. in phil. mag. 1825. July, p. 33. Flowers orange-coloured like those of C. orbiculata, but paler and rather longer. Glittering Cotyledon. Fl. June. Clt. 1818. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 7 C. uncuLa`ra (Lam. dict. 2. p. 139.) leaves opposite, semi- cylindrical, channelled, glabrous, purple, and furnished with a callous point at the margin near the apex; flowers in a kind of panicle, glabrous; caudex erect. h. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Burm. afr. dec. 3. p. 24. t. 22. f. 1. Flowers purplish, pendulous. Very like C. orbiculata. Claw-leaved Cotyledon. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 8 C. papitra'’ris (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 242.) leaves opposite, terete-ovate, fleshy, glabrous, acute, erect ; flowers in panicles, glabrous ; caudex decumbent, clothed with fine villi. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Haw. suppl. p. 21. Thunb. fl. cap. p. 397. C. decussàta, Sims, bot. mag. t. 2518. Lindl. bot. reg. t. 915. Corolla red, unguicular, with a somewhat pen- tagonal tube, and oblong acute reflexed lobes. Leaves as in C. corúscans, and C. ungulàta, truncate at the apex, and with a marginal claw or point. ; Papillose Cotyledon. Fl. Aug. Cit.1819. Shrub 1 to 2 ft. 9 C. rricusripa'ta (Haw. in phil. mag. 1825, July, p. 32.) hite from mealiness; leaves narrow, usually deeply tri- h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. July, Aug. Clt. 1798. plant w cuspidate. 110 CRASSULACEZ. Very like C. papillaris, but differs in the leaves being tricus- idate. 3 Tricuspidate-leaved Cotyledon. Clt. 1823. Shrub 1 foot. 10 C. purpu'rea (Thunb. fl. cap. p. 396.) leaves opposite, linear-oblong, fleshy, concave, glabrous ; flowers panicled, gla- brous; caudex erect, nearly herbaceous. h. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla purple, an inch long. Purple-flowered Cotyledon. Shrub 1 foot. 11 C. TeRETrÒLIA (Thunb. prod. p. 83. fl. cap. p. 397. but not of Lam.) leaves opposite, nearly terete, fleshy, hairy, obtuse, with an acumen; flowers panicled, hairy; caudex erect, simple. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Terete-leaved Cotyledon. Shrub 1 foot. 12 C. cunriro’rMis (Haw. in phil. mag. March, 1828. p. 185.) stems short, branched; leaves crowded, obovate, mucronate, rather white from mealiness. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Like C. crassifdlia, but much more humble. Wedge-leaved Cotyledon. Shrub 1 foot. ** Leaves alternate, marcescent. 13 C. curvirLoOra (Sims, bot. mag. t. 2044.) leaves scat- tered, semicylindrical, glabrous; cicatrices of the stem, where the old leaves have fallen off, rather prominent; flowers pani- cled, nodding; calyxes loose; tube of corolla pentagonal, in- curved. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers of a dirty yellow-colour, almost reddish, about an inch long. Styles longer than the stamens. Curve-flowered Cotyledon. Fl. Oct. Clt. 1818. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 14 C. TUBERCULÒsA (Lam. dict. 2. p. 139.) leaves scattered, subcylindrical, linear-oblong, acute; cicatrices of the old leaves tubercular ; flowers subpanicled, erect; peduncles and calyxes pubescent. h. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. —Burm. afr. t. 20. f. 1. C. grandiflora, N. L. Burm. prod. fl. cap. 13. C. tuberculòsa, D. C. pl. grass. 1. t. 86. Flowers showy, orange-coloured, tubular, an inch or more long; limb spreading, not replicate. Tubercular Cotyledon. to 2 feet. 15 C. cacautoipss (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 242.) leaves scattered, terete, acute; cicatrices of the old leaves pitted; flowers pa- nicled, erect, seated on a long, elongated, nearly naked stem. h. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Burm. afr. t. 20. f. 2. Flowers yellow, rather villous, half an inchlong. Leaves deciduous when the plant is in flower ; hence Burmann called it C. aphylla. Cacalia-like Cotyledon. Fl. May. Clt. 1818. Sh. 1 foot. 16 C. ventricodsa (N. L. Burm. prod. fl. cap. p. 13.) leaves scattered, linear-oblong, acute at both ends; cicatrices on old stems tubercular; flowers in loose racemes, pedicellate, erect; tube ventricose, pentagonal ; lobes acute. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Burm. afr. dec. 3. p. 51. t. 21. f. 1. Flowers greenish, almost like those of C. hemisphe’rica. Leaves like those of C. tuberculòsa, according to Burm. Ventricose-flowered Cotyledon. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 17 C. spuria (Lin. spec. p. 614.? exclusive of the syno- nymes,) leaves almost radical, terete, oblong, fleshy, obtuse, nar- rower at the base; caudex very short, thick ; flowering stem erect, naked; flowers somewhat panicled. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Burm. afr. p. 43. t. 19. f. 1. Pluk. alm. t. 323. f. 1.—Willd. spec. 2. p. 754. C. teretifdlia, Lam. dict. 2. p. 139. but not of Thunb. Spurious Cotyledon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1731. Shrub 1 ft. 18 C. rascicura‘nis (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 106.) leaves scattered, but in fascicles at the tops of the branches, cuneiform, obtuse, flat, thick; caudex thickened, branched ; flowers panicled, pendulous, with revolute limbs. h. D. G. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1 XIV. Corytepon. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Burm. afr. p. 41. t.18 C. paniculata, Thunb. fl. cap. p. 396. ex Burm. syn. C. tardi- flòra, Bonpl. nav. t. 37. Corolla with a short, greenish, broad, subpentagonal tube, and a reddish revolute limb. Fascicled-flowered Cotyledon. Fl. July, Sept. Shrub 1 foot. *#®* Leaves alternate, permanent. Clt. 1759, 19 C. rrirtdra (Thunb. prod. p. 83. fl. cap. p. 396.) leaves scattered, oblong-spatulate, obtuse, fleshy, of a greyish shining colour ; flowers by threes, in spikes, approximate, with repli- cate limbs; stem suffrutescent. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, near Zehorivier. Salm-Dyck. obs. p. 6. C. elàta, Haw. suppl. Corolla with a green tube, and an acute limb, variegated with white and purple. Three-flowered Cotyledon. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1821. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 20 C. macuta‘ra (Salm-Dyck. obs. p. 5.) leaves scattered, ovate-spatulate, somewhat auriculated at the base, fleshy, shin- ing, marked with dark red spots on both surfaces ; flowers spi- cate, almost alternate : limb spreading; stem suffruticose. h. D. G. Native country unknown. C. altérnans, Haw. suppl. ex Salm-Dyck. but not of Vahl. Spike terminal, generally simple, Tube of corolla green, subventricose, with the segments of the limb acute, variegated with white and purple. Spotted-leaved Cotyledon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. Sh. 1 ft. 21 C. rnompirdr1a (Haw. in phil. mag. 1825. July, p. 33.) leaves approximate, obovate-rhomboid, mucronate, white and mealy ; stem branched, strong, decumbent. R.D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Allied to C. hemisphe'rica, but more humble and branched, and the leaves are rhomboid, and more acuminated. Flowers unknown. Rhomb-leaved Cotyledon. Clt. 1823. Shrub decumbent. 22 C. JASMINIFLÒRA (Salm-Dyck, obs. Haw. rev. p- 20.) leaves rather crowded, green, rhomboid-spatulate, fleshy ; stem humble; peduncle terminal, branched; flowers erect, with a green tube, and a revolute limb, variegated with white and pur- ple; pedicels long, thickened. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Allied to C. hemisphe'rica, but the stems arè more humble, thickened from the root; the leaves longer, and the flowers with the tube and limb more ample, and more like a jasmine flower. Salm-Dyck in litt. Jasmine-flonered Cotyledon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. Sb. 1 foot. 23 C. HEMISPHÆ'RICA (Lin. spec. p. 614.) leaves scattered, ovate-roundish, thick, dotted, glabrous ; flowers nearly sessile, erect, along an elongated peduncle; lobes of corolla spreading: h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.—Dill. elth. 2. t 95.f.111. C. hemisphee’rica, D. C. pl. grass. 1. t. 87. Hore small, with a green tube, and the limb variegated with white an purple. Hemispherical Cotyledon. FI. Ju. July. Clt. 1731. Sh. 1 ft. 24 C. rorunpiréuia (Haw. in phil. mag. 1826. p- 273.) shrubby, dwarf; leaves straight, crowded, roundish, dirty peg branches short, decumbent. h. D.G. Native of the Cape ° Good Hope. Leaves flat, convex beneath, mealy. Allied to C. hemisphe'rica. Round-leaved Cotyledon. Shrub decumbent. a 25 C. maminza‘ris (Lin, fil. suppl. p. 242.) leaves scatters crowded into something like whorles, terete, ovate, obtuse, gla- brous ; flowers spreading on short pedicels, which are seate on an elongated peduncle; stem creeping. h. D.G. Native 0 the Cape of Good Hope, near Olyfants Bad. Thunb. fl. cap. P' 397. Haw. rev. p. 21. suppl. 22. Corolla tubular, glabrous with a green tube, and a spreadingly reflexed limb, which 1 variegated with white and purple. CRASSULACEZ. XIV. Coryzepon. Mamillary Cotyledon. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. Sh. er. 26 C. cunza‘ra (Thunb. fl. cap. p. 395.) leaves radical, cu- neated, fleshy, hairy, with purple margins; stem erect, some- what herbaceous, pubescent, viscid; corolla hairy. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Cuneated-leaved Cotyledon. Fl. May. Clt.1818. Sh. 1 ft. 27 C. inrergz'cra (Haw. in phil. mag. March, 1828, p. 185.) leaves glaucescent, narrow-oblong, acute, incurved, channelled ; stem short, strong. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Very like C. spiria, but differs in being higher, in the leaves being shorter, thicker, and narrower, more channelled, and without doubt incurved. Cast Cotyledon. Clt.1823. Shrub 3 foot. 28 C. caryornytia‘cea (N. L. Burm. prod. fl. cap. 13.) leaves aggregate, ovate, thick, flat, glaucous; flowers panicled, on long erect pedicels; stem branched. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Burm. afr. dec. 2. p. 39. t. 17. Corolla tubular, form of the bud of a clove; lobes spreading, ovate, acute, flesh-coloured, with a red line. Very like C. he- misphe'rica, but differs in the flowers being distinctly pedi- cellate. Clove-like Cotyledon. Stem 1 foot. 29 C. mucrona‘ra (Lam. dict. 2. p. 142.) leaves nearly radi- cal, oval, flat, with undulated margins, mucronate at the apex ; stem branched, very short; floriferous stem naked; flowers erect, in loose panicles. h}. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Burm. afr. p. 44. t.19.f2. C. undulata, Haw. Lobes of corolla acute. Mucronate-leaved Cotyledon. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. Shrub 4 foot. e + Species not sufficiently known. 30 C. reticuza'ra (Thunb. fl. cap. p. 393.) leaves scattered at the tops of the branches, terete, acute, erect, soft, glabrous ; stem erect, shrubby, fleshy; flowers erect, in dichotomous pa- nicles. h. D. G. "Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in Carro. Caudex a hand high. Panicle decompound. Reticulated Cotyledon. Shrub 2 foot. 31 C. picno’toma (Haw. suppl. 27. ex rev. 22.) leaves chan- nelled ; cymes dichotomous, puberulous, bracteated by spines ; tube of corolla somewhat bottle-formed, with a replicate limb. k. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Dichotomous Cotyledon. Shrub 4 to 1 foot. 32 C. pa’rvuta (Burch. cat. geogr. no. 1818. ex voy. cap. 1. P. 219.) leaves oval, rather compressed, thick; panicle dichoto- mously branched; pedicels erect, very long, capillary; stem erect. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Plant 6-9 inches high. Small Cotyledon. PI. 4 to 1 foot. 33 C. rricyna (Burch. trav. afr. 2. p. 226.) stemless ; leaves glabrous, flattened, fleshy, cuneate-oval or nearly orbicular ; flowers erect, alternate on an elongated simple scape, rarely on a bifid one. h. D. G. . Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Co- rolla cylindrical, purplish, with a short reflexed limb, and a pur- ple throat. Carpels 3. Trig ynous Cotyledon. Pl. 4 to 1 foot. 34 C. crista‘ra (Haw. phil. mag. 1827, April 1, p. 123.) leaves petiolate, cuneately triangular, curled and crested at the apex. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Herb succulent, leafy, evergreen. Stem short, with the surculi densely clothed with rufous hairs. Leaves erect, an inch long, thick, purplish at the apex, beset with dots of scurfy down. Spikes terminal, Flowers small, open in the morning. Crested Cotyledon. Fl. Sept. Cit. 1820. Pl. 4 foot. _ 85 C. CLAVIFÒLIA (Haw. 1. c.) leaves petiolate, club-formed, curved, acuminated, and rather curled at the apex. R. D. G. 8 XV. Pistorinia. XVI. Umsucus. 111 Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Allied to the preceding species; but the flowers are about twice the size, and purple. Club-leaved Cotyledon. Fl. Sept. Clt.1824. Pl. 4 foot. Cult. Cotylédon is a genus of pretty succulent plants. The culture, propagation, and management of the species are the same as that for Globilea, p. 106. XV. PISTORI'NIA (meaning unknown tous). D. C. prod. 3. p- 399. mem. crass. p. 25. t. 10. f. 5.—Cotyledon species of authors. Lin. syst. Decdndria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-parted, much shorter than the tube of the corolla. Corolla gamopctalous, funnel-shaped; tube long, terete; limb spreading, 5-parted. Stamens 10, adnate the whole length of the tube, but free at the throat, and exserted. Scales 5, oblong, obtuse. Carpels 5, each ending in a long filiform style.—Erect annual or biennial herbs. Leaves nearly terete, oblong, scattered, sessile. Flowers cymose, red. Habit of the plants belonging to that section of Um- biltcus called Mucizonia, and the flowers like those of Cotyledon. 1 P. Hispva’nica (D.C. prod. 3. p. 399.) ©. or g.H. Na- tive of Spain and Barbary, in exposed sandy places. Cotylédon Hispánica, Læfl. itin. p. 77. t. 1. Lin. spec. 615. D. C. pl. grass. t. 122. Cotylèdon Pistorínia, Ort. mon. 1772. with a figure. Spanish Pistorinia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1796. Pl. 4 foot. Cult. Sow the seeds in any dry situation in a light soil in the open border, or on rock-work. XVI. UMBILICUS (from umbilicus, the navel; hollow leaves of some species). D.C. in bull. phil. 1801. no. 49. prod. 3. p. 399. Lin. syst. Decéndria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co- rolla gamopetalous, campanulate, 5-cleft; lobes ovate, acute, erect, about the length of the tube. Stamens 10, inserted in the corolla. Scales 5, obtuse. Carpels 5, attenuated at the apex. Styles subulate.— Herbs, indigenous to the south of Europe and the Levant. Leaves rosulate or alternate, quite entire, or a little toothed. Flowers white or yellow, in branched or simple termi- nal racemes, never in cymes. Secr. I. Rosuna‘ria (from rosa, a rose; in reference to the leaves being rosulate, or disposed like the petals in the flower of a rose), D.C. prod. 3. p. 399. Sepals equal to the tube of the corolla. Leaves radical, rosulate. Scapes subpanicled, an- nual.—Perennial herbs, natives of the Levant, with the habit of Sempervivum. 1 U. Lisano’ricus (D. C. prod. 3. p. 399.) leaves radical, ro- sulate, cuneated, thickish, papillose; scape naked ; panicle race- mose, loose. 2.H. Native of Mount Libanon, and near Da- mascus. Cotylédon Libanética, Labill. syr. dec. 3. p. 3. t. 1. Flowers yellow ? Libanon Navel-wort. PI. 4 foot. 2 U. semrervivum (D. C. l. c.) leaves radical, rosulate, crowded, cuneated, ciliately scabrous; scape naked; panicle racemose, loose. %.H. Native of Eastern Caucasus, among stones on the mountains. Cotylédon sempervivum, Bieb. casp. p. 176. append. no. 46. ann. bot. 2. p. 444. fi. taur. 1. p. 351. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from the preceding species. Houseleek-like Navel-wort. Pl. 4 foot. 3 U. puse'scens (Meyer in verz. pflanz. p. 150. under Coty- lédon,) plant pubescent ; leaves linear-oblong, bluntish: radical ones rosulate, cauline ones scattered, erectly spreading ; racemes corymbose ; corolla twice the length of the calyx, with the seg- ments of the limb acute and spreading at the apex; stem herba- ceous, simple. XY. H. Native of Caucasus, among rocks in shady places on the mountains of Talush, at the altitude of 1200 to 2700 feet. Sedum pildsum, Bieb. fl. taur. 1, p. 352. Flowers reddish. 112 Pubescent Navel-wort. PI. 4 foot. 4 U. Samus (D. C. 1. c.) radical leaves narrow, spatulate- lanceolate, long, fleshy ; cauline leaves sessile, linear ; stem sim- ple, glabrous, leafy ; flowers racemose, pedicellate, usually twin. Y.H. Native of the Island of Samos, among high naked rocks, and of Palestine. Sédum Libanéticum, Lin. spec. 617. Coty- lédon Samium, D’Urv. enum. arch. p. 50. no. 402. Flowers yellow ? Samos Navel-wort. PI. 4 foot. Secr. II. Mucizon1a (meaning unknown to us). D. C. prod. 3. p. 399. Cauline leaves alternate. Annual herbs, with the habit of Sedum. 5 U. nrsrıpus (D. C. prod. 3. p. 399.) stems diffuse, erect, pubescent ; leaves glabrous, oblong, terete; racemes terminal, leafy, clothed with clammy villi. ©. H. Native of Spain, Barbary, and Teneriffe, on the mountains. Cotylédon Mucizonia, Ort. mon. 1772. with a figure. Jacq. coll. 5. p. 112. t. 13. f. 2. Cotylédon viscdsa, Vahl. symb. 2. p. 51. Cotylédon hispida, Lam. dict. 2. p. 141. Desf. atl. 1. p. 359. Flowering branches opposite the flowers. Flowers white or dirty reddish. Hispid Navel-wort. Pl. 4 to 4 foot. 6 U. sepioives (D. C. prod. 3. p. 400. mem. crass. pl. 4. f. B.) stems rooting a little, glabrous ; leaves oblong, convex, obtuse, glabrous; flowers few, at the tops of the stems, almost sessile. ©. H. Native of the higher Pyrenees, particularly on the eastern side. Cotylédon sedioides, D. C. rap. 1808. p. 78. fl. fr. suppl. p. 521. Poir. suppl. 2. p. 873. Cotylédon sediférmis, Lapeyr. Herb small, simple, or branched, almost with the ap- pearance of Sédum atrdatum. Flowers large for the size of the plant. Stone-crop-like Navel-wort. Pl. 4 foot. Secr. III. Cory’ze (from korvàn, cotyle, a cavity ; in reference to the cup-like leaves). D.C. prod. 3. p. 400. Umbilicus J. and C. Bauh. Roots tuberous. Stems usually branched. Radi- cal leaves petiolate, cucullate, more or less peltate. Corolla hardly 5-cleft to the middle. 7 U. venputinus (D. C. pl. grass. t. 156.) lower leaves pel- tate, concave, repandly crenated, roundish; bracteas entire; flowers tubular, pendulous, or spreading. Y%.H. Native of Europe, among stones and rocks, on walls and under hedges ; in Britain, on moist dripping rocks and old walls. Cotylédon Umbilicus, Lin. spec. 615. var. a. Sow. engl. bot. t. 325. Cotylédon umbilicata, Lam. C. rupéstris, Salisb. Cotylédon Umbilicus véneris, Blackw. herb. t. 263. Root tuberous. Flower- bearing stem branched; with its branches bearing racemes. Flowers yellow. Var. P, peltatus (D. C. prod. 3. p. 400.) raceme simple. u%.H. Cotylédon peltatum, Wendl. obs. p. 49. Hardly dis- tinct from the species. Drooping or Common Navel-wort. Fl. Ju. Jul. Brit. Pl. 4 ft. 8 U. erectus (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 384. exclusive of the country) lower leaves peltate, dentately crenated, roundish; bracteas a little toothed; flowers erect. uw. H. Native of England, on moist walls and rocks, but rare, particularly in the West Riding of Yorkshire ; and of Portugal. Dodart. pempt. p. 73. with a figure. Cotylédon Umbilicus, Lin. spec. 615. Co- tyledon lùtea, Huds. angl. p. 194. Smith, engl. bot. 1522. Cotylédon Lusitanica, Lam. dict. 2. p.140. Root fleshy, creep- ing. Flowers yellow, larger than those of the first species, Erect Navel-wort. Fl. June, Jul. Brit. Pl. + foot. 9 U. rarvirtorus (D.C. prod. 3. p. 400.) lower leaves pe- tiolate, cucullate, orbicular, rather repand : upper ones ovate ; flowers sub-campanulate, in dense racemes. 2%. H. Native of Candia, on the sphaceotic mountains. Cotylédon parviflora, CRASSULACE. XVI. Umaiticus. Sibth. et Smith, fl. greece. t. 445. Desf. cor. Tourn. 75. t. 57, C. Crética tuberdsa radice flore luteo parvo. Tourn. cor. 2, Flowers yellow, smaller than those of C. pendultnus. Racemes branched, cylindrical, dense-flowered. Leaves lined with red. Small-flowered Navel-wort. Pl. 4 foot. 10 U. norizonta‘us (D. C. prod. 3. p. 400.) stem nearly simple; lower leaves peltate, concave, repandly crenated, roundish; bracteas entire, linear-setaceous, longer than the peduncles ; corolla at first erect, but at length becoming hori- zontal, with acuminated segments. 2/. H. Native of Sicily and Naples, among stones and on walls. Cotylédon horizon- tàlis, Guss. ind. sem. hort. pan. 1826. p. 4. Ten. fl. neap. app. 5. p.13. Flowers yellow. Differs from U. pendulinus in the flowers being nearly sessile, and horizontal, not drooping. Horizontal-flowered Navel-wort. PI. 4 foot. Secr. IV. Pisrorinrolpes (plants intermediate between Pisto- rinia and Umbilicus). Roots perennial, thick, woody. Leaves terete, subulate. Stems numerous, erect, simple, fistular, densely leafy, for the most part naked below, in consequence of the leaves having fallen. 11 U. Lieven ; glabrous; stems herbaceous, erect, sim- ple; leaves scattered, crowded, nearly terete, bluntish ; flowers cymose; limb of corolla erect. Y%.H. Native of Altaia, be- tween the river Irtysch and Lake Noor-Saisan, in dry saltish fields ; in fields on the mountain of Kurtchum, Arkaul, and at the rivulet called Urmichaika, near Buchtorminsk. Cotylédon Lievènii, Led. fl. ross. alt. t. 57. fl. alt. 2. p. 197. Corolla fine red. Carpels 5-6. Lieven’s Navel-wort. Fl. May. Pl. 3 to 3 foot. 12 U. susuza‘ra; plant quite smooth, glaucescent ; leaves all scattered, terete, subulate, acute, erectly spreading; racemes corymbose ; corolla twice the length of the calyx, with the seg- ments of the limb acute and erect; stem herbaceous, very simple. %. H. Native of Caucasus, among stones, on the mountains of Talusch, at the altitude of 2700 to 3300 feet. Cotylédon subulata, Meyer. in verz. pflanz. p. 150. Very nearly allied to U. Lievenii, but the leaves are acute and erectly spreading, and the corolla is white, twice the length of the calyx, not rose-coloured, and 4 times longer than the calyx. Subulate-leaved Navel-wort. ~Pl. } foot. Secr. V. Onro’stacuys (from époc, horos, the ends, and oraxue, stachys, a spike; the spike of flowers terminate the scapes). D. C. prod. 3. p. 400. Ordéstachys, Fisch. cat. gor. 1808. p. 99. Roots not tuberous. Stems simple. Leaves not peltate nor cucullate ; radical ones rosulate. Corolla 5-parted. 13 U. serra`rus (D.C. 1. c.) leaves oblong, cartilaginously crenated; stems subspicate; peduncles 2-3-flowered ; root fibrous. &.? H. Native of Candia (Dill.) and of Galicia, on old walls. Bess. append. fl. gall. p. 352.—Dill. hort. elth. 1. t 95. f.112. Cotylédon serratus, Lin. spec. p. 615. Smith, f græc. t, 444. Flowers variegated with white and red. Habit of Saxifraga lingularis. Serrated-leaved Navel-wort. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1732. Pl. af 14 U. sprnésus (D. C. 1. c.) leaves oblong, pointed by a spine at the apex, quite entire : radical ones rosulate, spatulate, COP” vex beneath towards the apex: cauline leaves lanceolate, flat; corolla twice the length of the calyx ; peduncles all 1-floweredi anthers of one colour; stems spicate, very simple. ĝ. $ Native of Siberia, China, and Japan. Cotylédon spinosa, Lin. _Spec. 615. Sédum spindsum, Thunb. fl. jap. p. 186, —Mut comm. goett. 7. p. 33. t. 5. Crassula spinosa, Lin. mant. 38% Gmel. sib. 4. t. 67. f. 2. Oróstachys chlorántha, Fisch, in mem soc. descr. nat. mosc. 2. p. 274. Sèdum, &c. Amm. rut p- 73. no. 95. Sempervivum cuspidàtum, Haw. misc. 186. Te p- 170, rev. p. 68.—Gmel. fl. sib. 4. p. 173. no. 87. and 68: f# CRASSULACEA, XVI. Umanucus. Flowers yellow, 5-parted, on short pedicels, collected into a cylindrical spike. Var. 3, polystachyus (Led. fl. alt. 2. p. 200.) spikes numerous, rising from the axils of the radical or cauline leaves, somewhat fastigiate. Spiny Navel-wort. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1810. Pl. 1 foot. 15 U. matacnoruy’tuvs (D. C. prod. 3. p. 400.) leaves lan- ceolate, acutish, unarmed, quite entire ; radical ones rosulate before flowering; stem spicate, simple. ¢. H. Native of Dahuria, among mountain rocks. Cotylédon malachophylla, Pall. itin. 3. append. t. O. f. 1. ed. gall. 8vo. 8. p. 312. t. 70. f. 1. Ordstachys malachophylla, Fisch. cat. gor. Flowers white, 5-parted, crowded into a dense cylindrical spike. Soft-leaved Navel-wort. F]. June, July. Cit. 1815. Pl. ft. 16 U. ruyrsiriorus (D. C. 1, c.) leaves oblong, quite entire, ending each in a soft spine ; radical ones rosulate ; stem spicate, simple. &. H. Native of the mountains of Siberia, at Aga. Sédum cotylédonis facie floribus carneis, Amm. ruth. p. 72. no. 94, Ordstachys thyrsifldra, Fisch. cat. gor. Flowers white and flesh-coloured (ex Fisch), 5-parted. Allied to U. malachophyllus. Thyrse-flomered Navel-wort. Pl. 4 to 4 foot. 17 U. tevuca’ntHA; leaves terminated by a spine; radical ones rosulate, spatulate, convex beneath towards the apex: cau- line ones teretely trigonal ; corolla thrice the length of the calyx : peduncles all 1-flowered ; anthers discoloured. ¢.H. Native of Altaia, in very sterile fields in the Soongarian desert, between the mountains of Arkat and Kar-karaly; and among stones in the tract of the river Katunja. Root fusiform, or a little branched. Corolla white. Cotylédon leucdntha, Led. fl. ross. atl. ill. t. 395. fl. atl. 2. p. 198. White-flowered Navel-wort. Fl. Aug. Pl. 4 to 4 foot. Cult. The hardy perennial species of this genus thrive well on rock-work, or on old walls; they will also grow freely in pots, in a soil composed of loam, peat, and sand, which should be placed among other alpine plants; these are propagated by offsets from the roots or by seeds. The seeds of annual and biennial kinds should be sown on rock-work, or in the open border, in a sandy or gravelly soil. XVII. ECHEVE'RIA (this genus is named after M. Eche- veri, author of the fine drawings of the Flora Mexicana, com- menced under the direction of MM. Sesse, Mocino, and Cer- vantes). D.C. prod. 3. p. 401. mem. crass. p. 28.—Cotylédon Species of authors. ‘Lin. syst. Decdndria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-parted ; sepals erect, referrible to leaves, united at the very base (f. 27. a.). Petals 5 (f. 27. b.), also united at the base, erect, thick, stiffish, thickest at the middle nerve, and nearly trigonal at the base, acute. Stamens 10 (£. 27. c.), shorter than the petals, FIG. 27. and adnate to them at the base. Scales 5, short, obtuse. Carpels 5, ending each in a subulate style. —Fleshy shrubs, natives of Mex- Ico. Leaves alternate, cauline, or rosulate, and nearly opposite, nerveless. Flowers sessile, dis- Posed along the rachis or branches of the cyme, scarlet or yellow. : Shrubs. Flowers panicled or spicate, scarlet. l E. cranpirdnia (Haw. in hil, mag. sept. 1828. p. 261.) “aves orbicularly cuneated ; pe- tioles thick; flowers in spicate VOL, 11. XVII. Ecneveria. XVIII. SEDUM. 113 panicles. h.D.G. Native of Mexico. Sweet, fl. gard. 275: Lower leaves rosulate, all white or glaucous. Corolla of a reddish orange-colour, with a tinge of purple. Stamens white. Great-leaved Echeveria. Fl. Oct. Cit. 1828. Pl. 1 to 2 ft. 2 E. cipprrtora (D.C. prod. 3. p. 401. mem. crass. p. 29. t. 5.) leaves flat, cuneiform, acutely mucronate, crowded at the tops of the branches; panicle spreading; flowers on short pedicels along the branches of the panicle. h.D.G. Native of Mexico. Moc. et Sesse. fl. mex. icon. ined. Petals gib- bous at the base, between the lobes of the calyx, straight, acute, white at the base, and rather scarlet at the apex. Gibbous-flowered Echeveria. Fl. July, Oct. 1 to 2 feet. 3 E. coccinea (D.C. prod. 3. p. 401.) plant soft, pubescent ; leaves spatulately lanceolate; spikes of flowers axillary, elon- gated, leafy. bh. D. G. Native of Mexico. Cotylédon coc- cinea, Cav. icon. 2. p. 54. t. 170. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 832. Sèdum spicàtum, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Corolla scarlet on the outside, and yellow on the inside, or paler. Sta- mens yellowish. Scarlet-flowered Echeveria. 1 to 2 feet. 4 E. racemòsa (Schlecht. et Cham. in Linnæa 2. p. 554.) plant quite glabrous; radical leaves thickish, elliptic, acute, awnless, rosulate ; scapes simple, naked ; scales of scape alter- nate, and bracteas scale-formed and caducous; racemes spike- formed and elongated; flowers alternate, erect, on short pe- dicels. %. D. G. Native of Mexico, on walls at Jalapa. Leaves an inch or 2 inches long. Flowers scarlet, and are in every respect like those of Æ. coccinea, as well as every other part of the plant; but the sepals are shorter and mucronate, not acuminated, and the petals are narrower. Racemose-fiowered Echeveria. Pl. 4 to 14 foot. 5 E. TERETIFÒLIA (D. C. prod. l. c. mem. crass. p. 29. pl. 1. f. 1.) leaves terete, acute, scattered, almost loose at the base ; spikes secund, few-flowered. kh. D. G. Native of Mexico. Sèdum teretifòlium, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Very nearly allied to Æ. coccinea. Terete-leaved Echeveria. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 6 E. Lu`'nipa (Haw. in phil. mag. 1831. p. 416.) plant rather tufted ; lower leaves Janceolate-cuneated, of a livid colour: superior ones lanceolate ; flowers disposed in racemose spikes. b. D. G. Native of Mexico. Corolla as in E. grandifolia, but more scarlet. Fi. Jul. Lurid-leayed Echeveria. Flowers subcymose, yellow. Clt.1826. Sh. Fl. Oct. Dec. Clit. 1816. Sh. Clt 1830. PL 1 foot. ** Plant subherbaceous. 7 E. cxspirésa (D. C. prod. 3. p. 401.) leaves rosulate, nar- row, tongue-formed, obcuneated at the apex, and rather mucro- nate; flowers cymose. %. D. G. Native of California. Cotylédon cespitosa, Haw. misc. p. 180. Coty. linguiformis, Ait. hort. kew. 3. p. 109. Sédum Cotylédon, Jacq. fil. eclog. 1. f.17. Cotyl. refléxa, Willd. enum. suppl. p. 24. Flowers ellow. Tufted Echeveria. Fl. Jul. Aug. Cit. 1796. PI. 1 foot. Cult. Fine glaucous, succulent plants, which deserve to be cultivated in every collection. Their culture, propagation, and treatment are the same as that recommended for Globilea, p. 106. XVIII. SEDUM (from sedeo, to sit ; manner of growth, upon stones, rocks, walls, and roofs of houses). D.C. in bull. phil. no. 49. mem. crass. t. 1. f. 1. Sedum and Rhodiola, Lin. spec. —Sèdum and Anac4mpseros, Tourn. Haw.—Anacdmpseros, dans. fam. 2. p. 248. i Lin. syst. Delai Pentagynia, Calyx 5-parted (f. 29.a.); sepals ovate, usually turgid, leaf-formed, Petals 5 (f. 29. b.), 114 generally spreading. Stamens 10. Nectariferous scales entire, or hardly emarginate. Carpels 5.—Herbs or subshrubs. Stems usually branched from the base. Sterile stems or surculi usually crowded with leaves. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, fleshy, terete or flat, quite entire, rarely toothed. Flowers cymose, white, purple, or blue, but usually yellow; in some species the flowers are 4 or 6-7-petalled, and the stamens always double that number. * Leaves flat. 1 S. Ruopviora (D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3. vol. 4. p. 386. pl. grass. t. 143.) leaves oblong, serrated at the apex, glabrous, glaucous ; root rather tuberous ; stems simple ; flowers corymbose, usually of 4 petals, octandrous, and dioecious from abortion. ghd sf Native of middle Europe, on the mountains; of Siberia, and of North America, on the Arctic Sea shore, and Islands ; of New- foundland and Labrador ; and on the Rocky Mountains, Kot- zebue’s Sound, &c. ; in Britain, in the north of England, Scot- land, and Wales, on the mountains. Rhodiola rosea, Lin. spec. 1465. Smith, engl: bot. t. 508. fl. dan. t. 183. Plant glaucous. The flowers are yellow, and are said to be sometimes hermaphro- dite, but are usually of different sexes on different plants. The root is sweetish when dried ; in this state a fragrant water may be distilled from it. The inhabitants of the Farro Island use it as aremedy for scurvy. In Greenland they eat it as garden stuff. A cataplasm of the fresh roots, applied to the forehead, is said to relieve the head-ache, and to heal malignant ulcers. The specific name is from odor, a rose ; in reference to the fragrance of the roots. Rhodiola or Common Rose-root. $ to 3 foot. 2 5. Asta’ticum (D.C. prod. 3. p. 401.) leaves linear-lingu- late, quite entire, obtuse; umbels few-flowered ; calycine seg- ments 4, oblong, obtuse ; flowers 4-petalled, hermaphrodite. 4. H. Native of Gosainsthan, in Nipaul. Rhodiola Asiática, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 213. Root fleshy ; caudex very thick, 3-4 inches long, turgid. Stems tufted, ascending. Leaves 1-2 lines long, glaucous. Flowers corymbose, octandrous, and te- tragynous, of a golden yellow colour. Asiatic Rose-root. Pl. 4 foot. 3 S. exonca'rum (Led. fl. atl. 2. p. 193.) leaves scattered, oblong, almost quite entire, glabrous, hardly glaucescent ; root rather tuberous; stems simple; flowers in cymose corymbs; pedicels hardly exceeding the flowers in length ; nectariferous scales 3 times longer than broad ; carpels recurved. wH; Native of Altaia, in alpine humid places, on the edges of rivu- lets. Plant glaucous. Flowers yellow ? hermaphrodite, but sometimes dioecious or polygamous from abortion, as in S. Rho- diola. Stamens 8 or 10. Elongated Rose-root. Fl. May, July. Pl. 1 foot. 4 S. Atra‘tcum; leaves scattered, obovate-lanceolate, ser- rated at the apex, glabrous, glaucous; root rather tuberous ; stems simple ; flowers in cymose corymbs ; pedicels shorter than the flowers; nectariferous scales about as long as broad ; carpels erect. 2. H. Native of Altaia and Siberia. $. Rhodiola, Led. fl. alt. 2. p. 194. Rhodiola Sibirica, Hortul. Flowers yellow, octandrous, dioecious or polygamous. Altaian Rose-root. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1827. Pl. 4 foot. 5 S. Himare’nsts (D. Don, prod. fl. hep. p. 212.) stem erect ; leaves oval-lanceolate, flat, acute, toothed, glaucous, smooth ; corymbs almost simple ; root thick. 4%. H. Native of Co sainsthan, in the alpine regions of the Himalaya or Emodi. Habit of S. Rhodiola. Flowers yellow. Himalaya Stonecrop. PI. 4 foot. 6 S. aizo‘on (Lin. spec. 617.) leaves lanceolate, flat, serrated, alternate, glabrous; stems erect 3 cymes terminal, crowded. Y. H; Native of Siberia, in woods; on shady rocks, at Lake 8 Flowers yellow. Fl. May, July. Brit. Pl. CRASSULACEX. XVIII. Sepus. Teletzkoi. D.C. pl. grass. t. 101.—Amm. ruth. no. 96. t. H. Perhaps Anacampseros Aizdon, Haw. syn. p. 112.? Flowers yellow, varying with from 4-6 petals and 8-12 stamens, Root branched, fascicled, thickish. Ever-living Stonecrop. Fl. Jul. Sept. Cit. 1757. PLI® 7 S. HY'BRIDUM (Lin. spec. 617.) leaves cuneiform, rather con- cave, bluntly serrated, rather crowded, alternate, glabrous; those of the branches crowded ; stems ascending, rooting at the base; cymes terminal. %.H. Native of Altaia and Tartary, at the bottom of the Ural mountains; on the upper Irtish. Murr. nov. comm. goett. 6. p. 35. t.5.—Gmel. fl. sib. 4. p. 171. no. 851. t. 62. f.1. Anacampseros hybrida, Haw. 1l. c. Flowers sulphur-coloured. This is not a hybrid, but a true species, S, Altaica, Bess. enum. sem. crem. 1823. Hybrid Stonecrop. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1766. Pl. 1to2 ft. 8 S. spatutirétium (Hook, fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 227.) gla- brous; stem erect; leaves obovate-spatulate, flattish, acute: upper ones linear ; cyme terminal, leafy, trichotomous ; flowers pedicellate, decandrous; petals linear-spatulate, much longer than the calyx. 4%. H. Native of the north-west coast of America; common on dry rocky places of the Columbia river. Flowers yellow, very like those of S. stenopétalum. Lower parts of stems decumbent. Spatulate-leaved Stonecrop. Pl. 1 to } foot. 9 S. Doveta'su (Hook, fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 228.) stem erect, proliferous above from recurved branches ; leaves linear-subu- late, very acute, flat on the inside, and a little keeled on the back, with dry membranous edges ; cymes dichotomous ; flowers sessile, decandrous ; petals narrow-lanceolate, twice the length of the calyx. ©.H. Native of North America ; common on rocky places on the Columbia to the mountains. Flowers yel- low, like those of S. stenopétalum. Douglas's Stonecrop. PI. 4 foot. 10 S. a’terun (Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 418.) leaves scattered, linear, quite entire, flat, glabrous; root thick, of many necks; stems numerous, simple; corymb terminal, simple ; pedicels about equal in length to the flowers; breadth of nectariferous scales exceeding their length ; petals longer than the stamens Y.H. Native of Altaia, on the higher alps, about the fountains of the rivers Inja, Uba, and Sentelek, and on the mountains Kokorga, at the sides of rivulets. Flowers at first yellow, but fading to a dirty red. Allied to S. quadrifidum. Algid Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. Pl. 4 foot. ** Leaves flat. Flowers white. 11 S. 1nvorucra‘tum (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p- 352.) leaves cunel- form, crenated, opposite, pubescent, ciliated ; stems declinate, hairy ; corymbs crowded, involucrated ; petals subulate. %. H Native of Caucasus, among stones, at the foot of Mount Kais- chaur. Flowers white, about the size of those of S. hýjbridum. Involucrated Stonecrop. Pl. 1 foot. 12 S. Latrréxium (Bert. amæn. itin. p. 366.) leaves ovates cordate, very blunt, serrated, glabrous, usually opposite; C0- tymbs cymose, on long peduncles; stamens longer than the corolla. X4. H. Native of Switzerland, on the mountains; Germany, Italy, France, &c.—Clus. hist. 2. p 66. f. 1. Teléphium, var. maximum, Lin. spec. 616. S. máximum, Hoffm. germ. 1. p. 156. Flowers greenish-white. Anacámp- seros maxima, and probably A. albicans, Haw. syn. p. 111. Broad-leaved Orpine. F]. July, Sept. Clt. 1794. P). 2 feet. 13 S. oprusiroxium (Meyer. verz. pflanz. p. 150.) plant gle brous, green; stems erect; leaves orbicularly-obovate, obtuse, nearly quite entire, with scabrous margins : lower ones opp? site; rays of cyme elongated, spreading, and leafy; flowers nearly sessile; petals acute, longer than the calyx. Y. ¥* Native of Caucasus, on the Talusch mountains, towards Perim- CRASSULACER., bal, at the height of 3000 feet. Flowers white. This species differs from S. latifolium, Teléphium, and S. Anacdmpseros in the inflorescence ; and from S. hybridum, involucratum, spurium, stoloniferum, and oppositif dlium, in the erect stems and form of the leaves. Blunt-leaved Stonecrop. PI. 1 foot. 14 S. pectina'tum (D.C. prod. 3. p. 403.) leaves lanceolate- oblong, pectinately toothed; flowers terminal, capitate, 4-cleft, %. H. Native country unknown. Anacdmpseros pectinata, Haw. rev. p. 24. Petals greenish-white. Habit of Penthorum. Pectinated-leaved Stonecrop. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1818. Pl. 4 foot. 15 S. x1’vipum (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 24.) stems ascending ; leaves glaucous, oblong, somewhat attenuated at the base; gla- brous, and somewhat crenated at the apex; flowers cymose, terminal 2%. H. Native country unknown. Anacampseros livida, Haw. rev. p.25. Flowers white. Livid Stonecrop. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1816. Pl. 4 foot. 16 S. crucia rum (Desf. cat. p. 162. D.C. fl. fr. 4. p. 389.) leaves flattish, thick, convex beneath, 4 in a whorl; stems branched at the base, diffuse, ascending, pubescent at the apex; flowers subpanicled, on long pedicels ; petals acuminated. 2%. H. Native of Piedmont, in mountain valleys about Monregal. Balb. misc. p. 23. t. 6. Reich. icon. 3. f. 438. Flowers white, almost like those of S. Cepæ a. Cross-leaved Stonecrop. PI. 3 foot. 17 S. Macetre’nsz (Ten. fl. neap. pr. p. 26.) stem erect, or ascending, herbaceous ; leaves obovate-oblong, sessile ; flowers racemose, scattered, pedunculate; petals lanceolate, acute. %. H. Native of Samnius, on many of the mountains, in shady groves, and on mossy rocks, and at the roots of old trees; of Naples, in the groves of Magella. Racemes terminal, nodding before expansion. Flowers dirty white. Magella Stonecrop. PI. from 4 to 1 foot. 18 S. oprosirirdtium (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1807.) leaves cu- neately-spatulate, toothed above, opposite, puberulous on the margins, rib, under side, as well as on the stems; cymes sessile, terminal, crowded ; petals oblong, acute. %.H. Native of Caucasus. S. denticulatum, Donn, cat. ed. 8. Anacdmpseros ciliaris, Haw. syn. 113. rev. p. 25. Flowers white. Stems decumbent, rooting; floriferous ones erect. Crassula crenata, Desf. choix. cor. Tourn. t. 58. ann. mus. 11. t. 46. Opposite-leaved Stonecrop. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt.? PI. dec. 19 S. tancroza‘tum (Torrey. in ann. lyc. new york. 2. p. 205.) leaves flat, rather alternate: lower ones crowded, oblong- lanceolate, acutish, glabrous, with glandularly serrulated edges ; Stems branched, assurgent ; flowers in cymose corymbs ; petals anceolate, spreading. 2%. H. Native of North America, near the Rocky Mountains. Stem a little branched at the base, creeping. Leaves about half an inch long. Flowers white, decandrous. Petals 7. Lanceolate-leaved Stonecrop. PI. cr. 20 S. rerna‘rum (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 277.) leaves flat, glabrous, quite entire ; lower leaves obovate, attenuated at the base, 3 in a whorl, upper ones sessile, lanceolate, inordinate; cymes trifid ; flowers sessile along the branches ; petals oblong, acute. 2%. H. Native of Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Ca- rolina, on rocks, and on the rocks about Niagara and Lake Erie, common. Ker. bot. reg. t. 142. Sims, bot. mag. 1977. S. ` portulacoides, Willd. enum. p. 484, `S. defíciens, Donn, hort. cant. S. octogònum, Hortul. Anacámpseros ternàta, Haw. Flowers white. ; Ternate-leaved Stonecrop. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1789. Pl. 7 ft. 21 S. ropurròrum (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 242.) leaves scattered, flat, coarsely toothed, petiolate, glabrous: lower ones cordate: Upper ones ovate; stems much branched, erect, shrubby: co- XVIII. Sepum. 115 rymbs rather panicled, terminal, many-flowered ; petals oblong- lanceolate. h. H. Native of Siberia, on the mountains, in many parts. D. C. pl. grass. t. 110. Curt. bot. mag. t. 211. —Pall. itin. 3. p. 730. append. no. 89. t. O. f. 2. Flowers white ; anthers purple. There is a variety of this plant with ovate leaves and few flowers, and is perhaps referrible to S. Notarjanni. Poplar-leaved or Shrubby Stonecrop. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1780. Shrub 1 foot. 22 S. Norarsa’nnr (Ten. fl. neap. 1. p. 245. t. 40.) stems ascending, suftruticose ; leaves petiolate, flat, ovate, bluntly and sinuately toothed, glabrous; flowers solitary or few, terminal ; petals lanceolate. h. H. Native of Naples, near Funda, among calcareous rocks. S. Notarjanni, Ten. cat. 1819. p. 43. Very like S. populifolium, but differs in the stems being almost herbaceous, in the leaves not being cordate, in the flowers being nearly solitary, and in the anthers being yellow. Notarjanni’s Stonecrop. Shrub 1 foot. 23 S. sTELLA rum (Lin. spec. 617.) leaves flat, roundish, angularly toothed, tapering into the petioles, opposite, or alter- nate, glabrous ; flowers axillary, sessile along the branches of the cyme ; petals lanceolate. ©. H. Native of the Islands of Corsica, Melos, and of Italy, and the south of Switzerland. Smith, fl. grec. 446. Comm. hort. 7. t. 2. Col. phyt. 32. t.11. Petals white, tinged with red. Starry-flowered Stonecrop. Fl. Ju. Jul, Clt. 1614. P1.4 ft. 24 S.Crpz#'a (Lin. spec. 617.) stem herbaceous, terete, pu- bescent; leaves flat, quite entire; lower ones rather spatulate : upper ones obiong or linear; flowers panicled ; petals ending in an awned point. &.H. Native of middle and south Europe, in hedges and among bushes. Smith, fl. græc. 447.—Clus. hist. 2. p- 68. with a figure.—Mor. hist. 3. p. 473. sect. 12. t. 7. f. 37. —S. paniculatum, Lam.—Anacampseros Cepz’a, Haw. Flowers white. Var. P, galiotdes (D. C. prod. 3. p. 404.) upper leaves nearly opposite : lower ones in whorls, spatulate. S. galioides, All. pedem. no. 1742. t. 65. f. 8. S. verticillatum, Latour, but not of Lin. Var. y, alsinefolium (D. C. l. c.) leaves oval, for the most part alternate. S. alsinefdlium, All. ped. no. 1740. t. 22. f. 2. bad. Petals acuminated. Cepea or Purslane-leaved Stonecrop. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1640. PI. 2 to 1 foot. 25 S. sparura‘tum (Waldst. et Kit. pl. rar. hung. 2. p. 108. t. 104.) stem herbaceous, terete, pubescent; leaves flat, entire, nearly all alternate, spatulate: upper ones cuneiform ; flowers panicled; petals ending each in an awn. &. H. Native of Hungary. S. Cepæ'a, var. y, spatulatum D.C. prod. 3. p. 404. Flowers white. Spatulate-leaved Stonecrop. FI. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1815. Pl. 3 ft. 26 S. TETRAPHY'LLUM (Smith, fl. greec. t. 448. prod. 1. p. 809.) plant pubescent; leaves spatulate, quite entire, four in a whorl; stem branched at the base; peduncles axillary, few- flowered, the whole forming a terminal panicled raceme ; petals ending in a long point. ¢.H. Native of Greece. Ray. syn. ext. 233. Petals white, witha red keel. Four-leaved Stonecrop. PI. 3 foot. 27 S. ERIOCA'RPUM (Smith, fl. grec. t. 449.) stem twisted, pu- bescent above; leaves smooth, alternate, oblong, obtuse ; stems cymose; flowers axillary, nearly sessile; petals mucronated ; calyx glabrous; ovaries hairy. ©. H. Native of Greece. Flowers red. Woolly-fruited Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? Pl. 4 to 4 ft. *** Leaves flat. Flowers purple or red; rarely blue. 28 S. cyana'um (Rud. mem. petersb. 1811. p. 351. t. 2. f. 2.) a2 116 stems simple ; leaves flat, nearly linear, entire, sessile; cymes leafy. ¢.H. Native of Eastern Siberia. Flowers blue. Blue-flowered Stonecrop. PI. 4 foot. 29 S. pextor'pEum (Ten. cat. 1819. p. 43.) stems erectish ; leaves alternate, flat, deltoidly-cuneiform, unequal, crenated, and toothed ; cymes lateral. ©. H. Native of the kingdom of Naples, on Monte Novo and Goat’s Island. Flowers purple. The rest unknown. Deltoid-leaved Stonecrop. PI. 4 foot. 80 S. sempervi'vuM (Led. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 434.) leaves spatulate-ovate, acute, flat, quite entire, pubescent : lower ones collected into a circle: cauline ones half stem-clasping ; stems simple; corymb rather panicled ; petals lanceolate-subulate. 2. H. Native of Iberia. S. sempervivoides, Fisch. mss. Bieb. suppl. p. 313. Sims, bot. mag. t. 3474. Habit of a species of Sem- pervivum. Flowers deep purple, showy, size of those of S. spurium. Houseleek-like Stonecrop. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt.1823. Pl. ft. 31 S. uxmaro’prs (Mill. dict. no. 15.) stems erect, fleshy ; leaves ovate, quite entire: upper ones stem-clasping ; corymbs terminal. 2. H. Native of Louisiana. There are two va- rieties of this plant, one with white and another with purple flowers. Said to be allied to S. Teléphium and S. Anacémpseros. Bloody Orpine. FI. July; Sept. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. 82 S. Anaca’mpsERos (Lin. spec. 616.) leaves cuneiform, obtuse; quite entire, almost sessile, alternate, flat, glabrous; stems decumbent; flowers corymbose. 2%. Native of Pro- vence, Piedmont, Savoy, Switzerland, &c. on rocks among the mountains. D.C. pl. grass.-t. 33. Curt. bot. mag. t. 118. —Lob. icon. 1. t. 390. f. 2. S. rotundifdlium, Lam, dict. fl. fr. 3. p. 82. Anacampseros sempervirens, Haw. syn. p. 112. Flowers purple. Anacampseros or Evergreen Orpine. 1596. PI. trailing. 33 S. pu'tcurum (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 277.) stems assurgent, glabrous; leaves scattered, linear, obtuse ; cymes of many spikes; flowers sessile, of 4 petals and 8 stamens. Y.H. Native of the mountains of Virginia, Carolina, and Georgia, on the banks of the river Ohio. Flowers purple. Allied to S. re- Sfléxum, according to Pursh, but according to Nutt. to S. terndtum. Fair Stonecrop. Pl. trailing. 34 S. penta‘rum (D. C. prod. 3. p. 403.) leaves alternate, glabrous, cuneate-obovate; upper ones pinnatifidly toothed downwards, and more petiolate ; cyme sessile, terminal. 2%. H Native country unknown. Anacdmpseros dentata, Haw. rev. p. 26. Allied to S. spurium and S. oppositifolium. Perhaps the same as S. dentatum, Donn, hort. cant. Flowers purple. Toothed-leaved Stonecrop. Fl. Ju. July, Clt. 1810. Pl. 4 ft. 35 S. Ine’r1cum (Stev. in Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 312.) leaves cuneiformly obovate, repandly crenated, petiolate, with scabrous margins: cauline leaves opposite; cymes leafy, dichotomous; flowers nearly sessile ; petals subulate. 2. H. Native of the north of Iberia, in subalpine places. Flowers reddish. Habit of S. spurium. Iberian Stonecrop. Pl. 4 foot. 36 S. ròseum (Stev. mem. soc. nat. cur. mosq. 3. p. 263.) leaves spatulately obovate, opposite, quite entire, fleshy, gla- brous, imbricated at the tops of the surculi; stems much branched, loose, creeping; cymes terminal; petals lanceolate- subulate. %.H. Native of Eastern Caucasus, among stones. Bieb. suppl. 314. Flowers almost like those of S. spurium, of an elegant rose-colour. Rose-coloured-flowered Stonecrop. Pl. 4 to 4 foot. 37 S. spu‘rium (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 852.) leaves cuneiformly- obovate, crenately toothed in front, pubescent beneath, some- what ciliated; cauline leaves opposite; radical ones in fascicles Fl. July, Aug. Cht. CRASSULACE. XVIII. Szepum. usually alternate; corymbs terminal, compound ; petals lanceo- late. %. H. Native of Caucasus, among rocks. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2370.—Buxb. cent. 5. p. 33. t. 61. f. 2. Anacdmpseros spuria, Haw. rev. p. 25. Flowers purple. Spurious Stonecrop. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1816. PI. 4 foot. 38 S. Ewe’rsu (Led. fl. alt. ill. t. 58. fl. alt. 2. p. 191.) leaves opposite, obsoletely denticulated, adnate: inferior ones broad- elliptic : superior ones sessile, cordate; corymbs terminal, com- pound; petals lanceolate, acute, a little longer than the stamens. Yy. H. Native of Altaia, at the rivers Uba, Buchtorm, and Kokoryo; and at the Golden Lake Teletz-koe Osero. Flowers purple. Stem rooting at the base. Ewmers’s Stonecrop. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1829. Pl. 4 foot. 39 S. reLerHioipes (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 324.) leaves ovate, flat, acutish at both ends, toothed ; corymb compound, in fascicles. 2/.H. Native of Virginia and Carolina, on rocks among the mountains. Anacdmpseros telephioides, Haw. syn, 114. Flowers pale purple. Hardly distinct from S. Teléphium according to Nuttall. Orpine-like Stone-crop. Fl. July, Sept. to 2 feet. 40 S. Texe‘puium (Lin. spec. 616. a, 8, et y,) leaves oblong or oval, attenuated at the base, flat, toothed, glabrous; stems erect; cymes corymbose, terminal ; stamens not exceeding the corolla. 2. H. Native of Europe, in exposed places; in Britain on the borders of fields, or in hedges or bushy places, on a gravelly or chalky soil. Smith, eng. bot. 1919. Curt. lond. 3. t. 25. 210. Oed. fl. dan. 686. Blackw. 191. There are several varieties of this plant :—1, leaves opposite (Anacdmpseros albida, Haw. syn. p. 111.)—2, leaves 3 in a whorl (Anacampseros tri- phylla, Haw. syn. p. 111. Sédum triphyllum, Haw.)—3, leaves alternate ; flowers purple (D. C. pl. grass. t. 92. Anacampseros purpurea, Haw. syn. p. 111. Fuschs, hist. 801. with a figure), and white (Fuschs. hist. l. c. t. 800. Anacdmpseros vulgaris, Haw. syn, p. 111.)—4, leaves oblong-lanceolate, sharply toothed (Anacampseros argùta, Haw. Sedum argitum, Haw.)—5, leaves cuneately obovate, slightly 4-toothed towards the apex; stems decumbent (Anacampseros paticidens, Haw. rev. p. 24.). All these are referrible to this species. A decoction of the leaves in milk is a forcible diuretic. It has been given with success in the cure of hemorrhoids. Orpine. FI. July, Sept. Britain. Pl. 2 to 3 feet. 41 S. vurea‘re (Link. enum. pl. hort. berol. 1. p. 437.) leaves nearly opposite, ovate-elliptic, obtuse, rounded at the base, exactly sessile, bluntly and dentately serrated ; panicle sub- corymbose; stamens shorter than the corolla. 2.H. Native of Siberia, on the mountains near Kolywan ; and also in sandy woods about Barnaoul. S. Teléphium a, Willd. spec. 2. p. 760. S. Telephium, Patrin, fl. barn. mss. Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 351. S. Telèphium, Besser. enum. pl. volh. p. 17. S. Telèphium y mìnus, Falk, topog. 2. no. 522. Anacámpseros vulgaris, Haw. succ. p. 112. Flowers whitish or purplish. Common Orpine. Fl. June, Sept. Clt.? Pl. 1 to 2 feet. 42 S. verticitia‘rum (Lin. amoen. 2. p. 352. t. 4. f. 14. ex- clusive of the synonyme of Ray,) stem erect ; leaves 4 in a whorl, lanceolate, serrated; racemes axillary, few-flowered, shorter than the leaves. 2.H. Native of Kamtschatka. Leaves 4 finger in length. Flowers small, purple? or pink? This specie is allied to $. Teléphium according to Steven. Whorled-leaved Orpine. Fl. July, Sept. Clt.? Pl. 1 foot Cit. 1810. Pl. **** Leaves terete. Flowers white. 43 S. Morane’nse (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 6. p. 44.) stems branched, creeping at the base, ascending, glabrous ; leaves scat- tered, loosened at the base, thick, fleshy, obtuse ; cymes secune flowers nearly sessile; petals 5, oblong-linear, bluntish. Ya a R a N A - CRASSULACEZ. XVIII. Sepum. 117 Native of Mexico, near Real de Moran. The colour of the flowers is unknown, but the plant is said to be very like S. d’nglicum, and the flowers are therefore perhaps white. Moran Stonecrop. PI. 4 foot. 44 S. A’nexicum (Huds, angl. p. 196.) stems ascending, humble, branched at the base ; leaves crowded, alternate, short, ovate, gibbous, loosened at the base, glabrous ; cyme branched, few flowered ; flowers sessile along the branches; petals acumi- nately awned. 4. H. Native of Norway, Britain, west of France, Portugal, on walls, roofs of houses, meadows, on ex- posed stony hills, and among rocks. In England on the sandy or rocky sea coast, as well as upon mountains ; in Scotland and the north of England frequent. Smith, engl. bot. 171. S. rù- bens, Oed. fl. dan. t. 82. Lightf. scot. 235. S. arenarium, Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 212. phyt. t. 1. f. 2.. S. Guettardi, Vill. dauph. 3. p. 678. in a note. S. atratum, Aubl. S. annuum, Gunn. but not of Lin. Petals white, with a red keel. Var. B, microphyllum ; plant very small. Var. y, Hibérnicum ; plant large, rather downy. English Stonecrop. Fl. June, Aug. Britain. PI. 4 foot. 45 S. opto’neum (Haw. rev. p. 29.) leaves ovate, paraboli- cally-oblong, convex beneath, 4 lines long, rather distant ; scales of germens brown. 2%. Native of England. Petals white, with a red keel. Very like S. dnglicum, but twice the size, the leaves fewer, and more distant. £ Oblong-leaved Stone-crop. Fl. June, Aug. Brit. Pl. 4 ft. 46 S. arra'rum (Lin. spec. 1673.) stem erect, branched at the base; leaves scattered, terete, obtuse, glabrous, loosened at the base; cymes corymbosely fastigiate; petals ovate, hardly mu- cronate; carpels stellately spreading. ©. H. Native of the Alps of Europe and the Pyrenees, among rocks. grass. t. 120. All. pedem. t. 65. f. 4. Jacq. aust. 1. t 8. S. heematddes, Scop. carn. 4. p. 323. but not of Mill. Petals small, white. Plant red when old. Carpels dark red. Var. B; lower branches lying on the ground. Native of the Alps. D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3. vol. 4. p. 391. exclusive of the sy- nonymes. Dark Stone-crop. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1795. Pl. 4 foot. 47 S. crav'cum (Waldst. et Kit. pl. rar. hung. 2. p. 198. t. 181.) stem erectish, puberulous ; leaves nearly terete, glaucous, alternate ; sterile branches crowded, erect; cymes trifid, few- flowered ; petals 6, mucronate. &. H. Native of Hungary, on sandy hills. Willd. enum. p. 486. S. Hungaricum, Poir. S. Andersonii, G. Don in Loud. hort. brit. p. 184. According to Willd. this species differs from S. séxfidum in the stem being a little branched at the base, in the petals being 1-nerved, not finely 3-nerved. Flowers sometimes hexandrous. Glaucous Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. Cit. 1816. Pl. ifi 48 S. sr’xripum (Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. no. 874.) stem erectish, branched, when young rather procumbent ; leaves nearly terete- scattered, spreading, glaucous, glabrous; cymes somewhat pa- nicled; flowers sessile along the branches ; petals 6, acuminated. ©. H. Native of Caucasus, on rocks. Willd. enum. 487. Flowers white; anthers bay-coloured. The flowers contain also 12 stamens, and are allied to S. rabens. The petals are said to be 3-nerved, the lateral nerves very fine. : erfond Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. Cit. 1816. Pl. ş loot. 49 S. Anpecave’nsE (D.C. prod. 3. p. 406.) stem erect, simple at the base, trichotomous at the apex ; leaves ovate, ob- tuse, erect, fleshy, glabrous: lower leaves opposite, the rest alternate; flowers pentandrous in the forks, and scattered and sessile along the branches; petals ovate, acutish, ©.H. N 4 tive of Andegavany, on walls and on schistous rocks. S. si tum, Bast. ess. fl. p. 167. exclusive of the synonyme. (Crassula Andegavénsis, D. C. suppl. fl. fr. p. 522. Truly distinct from D.C. pl. S. atràtum, but perhaps only a pentandrous variety of S. dasy- phyllum, and the flowers are probably white like it. Andegavenny Stonecrop. PI. + foot. 50 S. DASYPHY'LLUM (Lin. spec. p, 618.) stems weak, decum- bent; leaves ovate, nearly globose, fleshy, glabrous, opposite, rarely alternate; sterile branches rather imbricated ; cymes pu- berulous, few-flowered, terminal ; petals bluntish. 2%. H. Na- tive of Europe, on walls and rocks. In England plentiful about London, as at Hammersmith, Kew,Chelsea, &c. ; on walls at Mal- ton, Yorkshire, and at Clifton near Bristol. Jacq. hort. vind. t. 153. D.C. pl. grass. t. 93. Smith, engl. bot. t. 656. Curt. fl. lond. 3. t. 26.147. S. glaúcum, Lam. fl. fr. Flowers white, sometimes composed of 6 petals? Perhaps S. reticulatum, Schrank. bot. beob. in dennsk. baier. ges. 1815. is different from S. dasy- phyllum. Plant glaucous. Thick-leaved Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. Brit. Pl. 4 foot. 51 S. previrorium (D. C. rapp. voy. 1808. p. 79. suppl. no. 8615. a, mem. crass. t. 4. f. A.) stems fruticulose, glabrous, twisted at the base ; leaves opposite, ovate, obtuse, short, thick ; cymes quite glabrous, loose, terminal ; petals bluntish. XY. Native of the Pyrenees and of Corsica, among rocks in dry pastures. S. sphe’ricum, Lapeyr. abr. 1813. p. 259. Sepals of calyx thin, not as in S. dasyphyllum (to which species it is nearly allied) thick. Short-leaved Stonecrop. Pl. 4 foot. 52 S. Co’rsicum (Duby, in D. C. syn. fl. fr. ed. 2.) stems ascending, branched at the base, twisted ; leaves ovate, obtuse, hispid; sterile shoots crowded; cymes terminal, few-flowered, glabrous ; petals acutish. %.H. Native of Corsica, where it was detected by Ph. Thomas, on the walls of the city of Corte ; and of Sardinia, at the town of Jessu. Flowers smaller than those of S. dasyphyllum, appearing of a dirty pale purple in the dried specimen; but white in the recent state. Corsican Stonecrop. PI. 4 foot. 53 S. nirsu‘ru (All. ped. no. 1754. t. 65. f. 5.) floriferous stems erect, nearly naked; leaves remote, alternate, oblong-cy- lindrical; obtuse, hairy ; sterile stems crowded ; cymes terminal, few-flowered; petals acuminately awned. &. H. ex All) M: H. ex Pourr. Native of the Alps of Piedmont, Provence, Cevennes, Pyrenees, and on the mountains of Leone and Cor- sica, especially among schistous rocks. S. globiferum, Pourr. act. tol. 3. p. 327. S. hispidum, Poir. dict. 4. p. 633. but not of Desf. Petals white, downy, marked with a purple line. Hairy Stonecrop. PI. 4 foot. 54 S. przdsum (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 352.) stems ascending, leafy ; leaves oblong, obtuse, rather fleshy, hairy, alternate ; radical ones in fascicles; cymes terminal, corymbose ; petals lan- ceolate, hardly twice the length of the sepals. 2. H. Native about the port of Caucasus, among rocks. Allied to S. hirsutum, but differs in the leaves being flattish, in the sepals of the calyx being twice the length, and in the duration being perennial, not biennial. Pilose Stonecrop. Pl. 4 foot. 55 S. Hispa’nicum (Lin. spec. 618.) stem erect, branched, glabrous; leaves scattered, terete, acutish, glaucous ; sterile stems rosulate, crowded ; cymes branched ; flowers sessile, along the branches of the cyme ; petals 6, acuminately awned. %. H. Native of Spain, Switzerland, and the south of Germany. Jacq. aust. 5. t. 47.—Dill. hort. elth. 2. p. 332. S. aristatum, Tenore, fl. neap. 1. p: 250. Petals white, with a dirty red keel. Carpels glabrous. Very like S. glaúcum and S. rùbens, but the root is perennial, Spanish Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1732. Pl. ġ foot. 56 S. a'LBum (Lin. spec. 619.) branches perennial, rooting, when young rather puberulous; leaves ovately club-shaped, green, nearly terete, glabrous ; cymes branched, terminal, sub- 118 corymbose ; petals bluntish. 2/.H. Native of Europe, in dry meadows, on walls and rocks. In England on walls and roofs, not common ; at Kentish Town and Bromley, Middlesex ; on rocks about Great Malvern, Worcestershire ; upon walls at Peter- borough ; but rare in Scotland. Smith, engl. bot. t. 578. Curt. lond 1. t. 31. Oed. fl. dan. t. 66. All. ped. 1751. t. 65. f. 2. S. album var. y tirgidum, D. C. prod. 3. p. 406. Flowers cy- mose, white. White Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. Britain. Pl. + foot. 57 S. micra’nruum (Bast. in litt. D.C. suppl. fl. fr. 3613. Haw. in phil. mag. Sept. 1831, p. 415.) branches perennial, root- ing, slightly puberulous; leaves clavately oblong, green, nearly terete, glabrous; cymes branched, terminal, subcorymbose ; petals bluntish. 4%. H. Native of France, in Andegaveny. In England near Gloucester. S. tiirgidum, Bast. ess. p. 167. S. album micránthum, D. C. prod. 3. p. 406. Very like S. álbum, but is 2 or 3 times larger ; flowers more numerous, and the petals narrower. Small-flowered Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. Brit. Pl. + ft. 58 S. cra‘crte (Meyer, verz. pflanz. p. 151.) plant glabrous and green; stems herbaceous, diffuse ; leaves subulate, bluntish, loose at the base, those of the sterile branches imbricated ; rays of cyme elongated, much spreading ; flowers decandrous, almost sessile; petals acuminated, longer than the calyx; style rather longer than the breadth of the acute capsule. 2%.H. Native of Caucasus. Flowers white. Var. a, minus (Meyer, 1. c.) flowers smaller. Gutgora at the altitude of 3300 feet. Var. B, majus (Meyer, 1. c.) flowers almost twice the size of those of var. a. On the Talusch Mountains, at the altitude of 1400 to 2700 feet. Slender Stonecrop. PI. diffuse. 59 S. TERETIFÒLIUM (Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 84. Haw. in phil. mag. Sept. 1831, p. 415.) branches elongated, rooting, perennial, quite glabrous ; leaves equally terete, rather elongated, a little depres- sed, green, glabrous ; cymes branched, terminal, subcorymbose ; petals bluntish. 2%. H. Native of Europe, on walls, rocks, and in dry pastures. In England near Hereford. S. álbum, D. C. prod. 3. p. 406.—Fuschs, hist. 35. with a figure. Oed. fl. dan. t. 66. D. C. pl. grass. t. 22. S. teretifdlium a, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p- 84. Flowers white. Terete-leaved Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. Brit. Pl. 4 foot. 60 S. Atno’um (D.C. prod. 3. p. 407.) stems erect, a little creeping at the base; leaves semi-cylindrical, short, remote, and are, as well as the stem, glabrous ; cyme terminal, somewhat corymbose, many-flowered ; petals acute. 2. H. Native on the top of Mount Athos. S. turgidum, D. Ury. enum. p51: exclusive of the synonymes, Flowers white, like those of S. álbum, but the petals are acute and distinct, Athos Stonecrop. Pl. 4 foot. On Mount Flowers red or blue. FIG. 28. e» eet Leaves terete. 61 S. ca@ru‘teum (Vahl. symb. 2. p. 51.) stem flat on the ground at the base, as- ¥& cending ; leaves oblong, al- e % ternate, obtuse, loosened at Š the base; cymes bifid, gla- s PE brous; petals7, obtuse. ©. *Ñ H. Native of Tunis, in the 8 fissures of rocks. Shaw. itin. 550. with a figure. Sims, bot. mag. 2224. Ker. bot. reg. 520. S. azùreum, Desf. fl. atl, 1. p. 362. Flowers not blue, but at first purplish, and fading to blue (f. 28.). CRASSULACEZH. XVIII. Sepum. Blue-flowered Stonecrop. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. Pl. 1 foot. 62 S. HEPTAPE'TALUM (Poir. voy. barb. 2. p. 169. dict. 4. p. 630.) stems erect, branched at the apex; leaves ovate-oblong, scattered, depressedly gibbous ; cymes panicled; petals 7, acu- minated. ©. H. Native of Barbary, Corsica, and Malta, on rocks by the sea-side. D.C. fl. fr. 4. p. 392. Flowers purplish as in S. cærùleum, fading to blue. S. heptapétalum, Horn. hort. hafn. suppl. p. 138. said to be originally from the Russian em- pire, is perhaps distinct from this species, but is not sufficiently known. ; Seven-petalled Stonecrop. Pl. + foot. 63 S. pracrga‘tum (Viv. fl. lyb. 24. t. 8. f. 3.) stems erect, branched at the apex, beset with spreading hairs, as well as the leaves; leaves alternate, linear, thick, obtuse; cymes trichoto- mous ; flowers on short pedicels along the branches of the cyme; petals 5, elliptic, keeled. ©.H. Native of the Great Syrtus, in Lybia on the sea shore. The colour of the flowers agrees with that of S. cærùleum, but the habit is that of S. Hispanicum. Nectariferous scales emarginate. Bracteated-flowered Stonecrop. PI. 4 foot. 64 S. vırròsum (Lin. spec. 620.) stem erect, almost simple, beset with viscid hairs; leaves semi-terete, rather remote, erect, also beset with viscid pili; cymes terminal, few-flowered ; petals acutish, ©. H. Native of Europe, in boggy places. In En- gland in wet mountainous pastures, and the clefts of moist rocks ; in the north of Westmoreland, Durham, and the north-west part of Yorkshire, not unfrequent. More abundant in Scotland.— Smith, engl. bot. t. 394. Oed. fl. dan. t. 24, D. C. pl. grass. t. 70.—Mor. hist. sect. 12. t. 8. f. 48.—Petiv. brit. t. 42. f. 7. Flowers pale red. Var. P, penténdrum (D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 524.) stamens 5 (especially those that are epipetalous are abortive) or 6; the 4 epipetalous ones of which having vanished. Villous Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. Britain. Pl. 4 to 4 ft. 65 S. ru'sens (D. C. prod. 3. p. 405.) stem erect, branched; leaves oblong, obtuse, nearly terete, sessile, spreading, glabrous; cymes branched, pubescent; flowers sessile, unilateral along the branches of the cyme, pentandrous ; petals 5, acuminately awned. ©.H. Native of south and middle Europe, in cultivated sandy fields. Crassula ribens, Lin. syst. veg. p. 253. D. C. pl. grass. t.55. S. ribens 8 penténdrum, D. C. prod. 3. p. 405. Flowers pale red. Mature carpels puberulous. The epipetalous sta- mens are all or for the most part abortive, and therefore the flowers are pentandrous. Reddening-flowered Stonecrop. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1769. Pl. 4 to 4 foot. 66 S. puse’Rutum (D. C. mem. crass. p. 33.) stems erect, branched, puberulous ; leaves scattered, terete, acutish, glabrous} cymes branched ; flowers sessile along the branches of the cyme: petals 6, acuminately awned. ©. H. Native of Calabria. This species comes very near S. péllidum and S. rabens. Puberulous Stonecrop. Pl. 4 foot. 67 S. pa’tuum (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 353.) stem erect, branched ; leaves oblong, obtuse, nearly terete, spreading, gla- brous ; cymes branched, pubescent; flowers sessile, unilate along the branches of the cyme, decandrous ; petals acuminately awned. ©.H. Native of Caucasus. Flowers pale red or white. Mature carpels puberulous. Pale Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. Pl. 4 foot. 68 S. cæsrrròsum (D. C. prod. 3. p. 405.) leaves ovate, tur- gid, imbricated, glabrous ; stems nearly simple, glabrous ; flowers lateral, sessile, solitary; carpels stellately spreading. ©: Native of Spain, Provence, Tauria, in exposed places. 5 Mee bot. p. 238. and 237. with a figure. Celene Magnilii, D. © fil, fr. suppl. no. 3604. Tillæ'a rubra, Gouan. hort. P» 1. CRASSULACEÆ. XVIII. Szpum. Tillæ'a erécta, Sauv. monsp. p. 129. Crdssula verticillaris, Lin. mant. 261.? Crassula caespitdsa, Cav. icon. t. 69. f. 2. Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 257. Flowers pale red. The 5 fertile stamens alter- nating with the petals, and the rudiments of the 5 sterile ones in front of the petals. Tufted Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1788. Pl. 4 foot. sees ** Leaves terete. Flowers yellow. 69 S. quaprrFipum (Pall. itin. 3. p. 730. append. no. 90. t. P. f. 1.) leaves scattered, terete, bluntish ; root thick, of many necks; stems numerous, erect, simple; corymbs terminal, few- flowered, simple; pedicels about equal in length; length of nec- tariferous scales exceeding the breadth; flowers octandrous, 4-cleft ; stamens a little longer than the petals. %.H. Native of Dahuria, the Ural Mountains, and Altaia, in humid stony places, on the tops of the Alps. Pall. ed. gall. in 8vo. vol. 8. p. 311.t. 104. f. 4. S. quinquéfidum and S. hexapétalum, Haw. rev. p. 26.2 Flowers yellow. Quadrifid-flowered Stonecrop. Fi. July. Clt. 1800. Pl. 4 ft. 70 S. acre (Lin. spec. 619.) stems rather creeping at the base ; branches erect; leaves ovate, adnate, sessile, gibbous, erectish, alternate, glabrous ; cymes trifid; flowers sessile along the branches of the cyme ; petals lanceolate, acuminated. %. H. Native of Europe, common on walls, roofs of houses, rocks, and dry sandy ground; plentiful in Britain. Bull. herb. t. 30. D. C. pl. grass. t. 117. Smith, engl. bot. 839. Woody. med. bot. t. 281. Curt. lond. 1. t. 32. Flowers yellow. The whole plant is acrid, and chewed in the mouth has a hot biting taste ; whence, and from its common place of growth, it has the name of wall- pepper. Applied to the skin it blisters, and taken inwardly it excites vomiting. In scorbutic cases and quartern agues, it is an excellent medicine under proper management. For the for- mer, a handful of the herb is directed to be boiled in eight pints of beer till they are reduced to four, of which 3 or 4 ounces are to be taken every morning. Milk has been found to answer this Purpose better than beer. Not only ulcers simply scorbutic, but those of a scrofulous or even cancerous tendency, have been cured by the use of this plant. It is likewise useful as an external application, in destroying fungous flesh, and in promot- Ing a discharge in gangrenes and carbuncles. Var. B, diminùtum (Haw. in phil. mag. 1831. p. 416.) much smaller than the species, hardly an inch high; stem creeping. % Native of the higher Alps of Provence ; also on Swaf- g Heath, Norfolk. S. acre 8 graciàle, D. C. prod. 3. p. 407. 'glaciàle, Clarion in D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 393. i ar. y, elongàtum (Haw. 1. c.) pendulous branches 7 inches 82+ erect ones 4 inches ; leaves loosely imbricating. ty Stonecrop. Fl. June. Britain. Pl. 4 to } foot. ar ` SEXANGULA`RE (Lin. spec. 620.) stems branched at the eat oriferous ones erect; leaves nearly terete, adnate-sessile, stort y by threes on the flowering stems, and 3 in a whorl on a d ranches, imbricating in 6 spiral rows ; cymes trifid ; pe- Po colate, acuminated. %. H. Native of Europe, in dry nee ep and on walls. In England, but not common; as wiak a aleei, Sheerness, and on the Isle of Sheppy ; on Green- 3 ark wall on the south side, near the western corner; on amous rotten walls of Old Sarum; also of Cambridgeshire. 1646. Te Sent t. 118. Curt, lond. 4. t. 33. Smith, engl. bot. mag, 1894 C'e Ox Huds, Lam. fl. fr. S. spirale, Haw. in phil. yello - no. 176.—Cam. epit. 856. with a figure. Flowers ow.” Habit of S. acre, tangled Stonecrop. Fl. June, J uly. Britain. Pl. = foot. a OLONIE’NsE (Lois. not. p. 71.) stem branched at the loosene eae ones erect; leaves nearly terete, obtuse, at the base, glabrous, imbricated on all sides; cymes 119 trifid; flowers sessile, along the branches; petals acuminated. 4%. H. Native of sandy woods, about Bologna. D. C. suppl. 523. Root creeping. Sepals cylindrical, obtuse. Branches of cyme 6-10-flowered. S. schistésum, Lejeune, fl. spa. Flowers yellow. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from S. sexangulare, Bologna Stonecrop. Pl. 4 foot. 73 S. AMPLEXICAV'LE (D. C. rapp. voy. 2. p. 80. suppl. fl. fr. p. 526. mem. cras. t. 7.) stems branched at the base, erect ; leaves terete, subulate, glabrous, dilated at the base into a stem- clasping membrane; cymes bifid; flowers remote, sessile along the branches of the cyme; petals 5-7, lanceolate, acute. Y. H. Native of Spain, south of France, Italy, Candia, &c. in dry mountain pastures. S. rostratum, Tenore, fl. neap. prod. p. 26, S. tenuifdlium, Sibth, prod. fl. grec. 1. p. 335. and Sieb. herb. cret. Sempervivum anémalum, Lag. nov. spec. 17. Flowers yel- low, alinost like those of S. refléxum. Sepals subulate, acute. Stem-clasping Stonecrop. Pl. 4 foot. 74 S. RUPE'STRE (Lin. spec. p. 618.) stems branched at the base, floriferous ones erect; leaves te- rete-subulate, glaucous, loosened at the base; sterile stems cylin- drical, densely imbricated ; flow- ers cymose, 5-7-petalled; sepals bluntish. 24.H. Native of Eu- rope, on walls and rocks. In England on St. Vincent’s rock, Bristol; on Chedder rocks, So- mersetshire, and upon walls about Darlington. Engl. bot. t. 170. —Dill. elth. 2. f. 333. Reich. icon. 3. f. 439. S. minus, Haw. in phil. mag. 1825. p. 174.? S. \ refléxum, D. C. pl. grass. t. 116. Flowers yellow (f. 29.). Rock Stonecrop. Fl. July, Aug. England. PI. 4 foot. 75 S. sepTancuxa‘rE (Haw. syn. 116. and in phil. mag. 1824. p. 175.) glaucous ; leaves imbricating in 7 rows, incurved, spreading, middle-sized, acute. X4. H. Native of Europe. Flowers yellow. S. rupéstre 8, septangulare, D. C. prod. 3. p. 407. S. rupéstre, D.C. pl. grass. t. 115. Very like S. cæru- léscens, but is distinguished by the shorter and hardly subulate leaves, and in being more branched, and the branches shorter. Seven-angled Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1795. Pl. + ft. 76 S. aLBe’scens (Haw. rev. succ. p. 28.) stems branched at the base; flowers erect; leaves terete-subulate, glaucous, loos- ened at the base; sterile stems elongated, with spreading leaves ; flowers cymose, 5-7-petalled ; sepals lanceolate. y.H. Native of England and Denmark, on barren sandy hills and walls, In England, especially on the sides of some rough hills near Mil- denhall, Suffolk. S. glaúcum, Smith, engl. fl. 2. p. 321. engl. bot. 2471. but not of Waldst. et Kit. S. refléxum, fl. dan. t. 113. Flowers yellow. ; Whitish-leaved Stonecrop. Fi. July, Aug. Brit. Pl. 4 foot. 77 S. Forsrerta'num (Smith, comp. 71. engl. bot. 1802.) stems branched at the base; flowers erect; leaves semicylin- drical, bluntish, green tinged with red; sterile stems short ; leaves crowded, somewhat rosulate at the tops of the branches ; flowers cymose, 5-7-petalled ; sepals obtuse. %4. H. Native of Wales, on rocks at the falls of Rhydoll, near the Devil’s- bridge, Cardiganshire ; on the rocks of Hisval, overhanging the little valley of Nant-phrancon. : 8. p e can syn. p. 117. S. rupéstre, D. C. pl. grass. 115.? owers yellow. Fot Baies Fl. July, Aug. Wales. Pl. $ g 6 78 S. REFLE'XUM (Lin. spec. 618. Smith, fl. brit. p. 4 ) stems branched at the base ; floriferous ones erect ; leaves jt subulate, green, loosened at the base; sterile shoots somew FIG, 29. 120 cylindrical, spreading; flowers cymose, 5-7-petalled; sepals bluntish. %. H. Native of Europe, in fields and on walls; in Britain on walls and thatched roofs, abundant. Smith, engl. bot. t. €95.—Park. theat. 1. t. 754. f. 1. Flowers yellow. Var. (3, recurvatum (D. C. prod. 3. p. 408.) leaves glauces- cent; sterile stems somewhat reflexed. S. recurvatum, Willd. enum. suppl. 23. Perhaps a variety of S. albéscens, according to Haw. Var. y, collinum (D. C. 1. c.) leaves glaucescent ; sterile stems spreading. S. collinum, Willd. 1. c. p.25. S. élegans, Lejeune fl. spa. 1. p. 205. ? Var. 6, cristatum (D.C. 1. c.) sterile branches crestedly some- what fasciculate ; leaves green, spreading. S. cristatum, Schrad. hort. geett.t. 10. S, Portlandicum, Lob. icon. 380. Reflexed-leaved Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. Brit. Pl. 4 ft. 79 S. vrrens (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 110.) leaves scattered, subulate, green, loosened at the base; flowers cymose ; petals lanceolate, much longer than the sepals. Y.H. Native of Portugal. S. refléxum, Willd. enum. suppl. p. 25. S. crassi- caúle, Link. enum. 1. p. 438. Flowers yellow. Very like S. refléxum, and probably only a variety of it. Green Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1774. Pl. 4 foot. 80 S. vire’scens (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 25.) stems branched: floriferous ones erect ; leaves terete-subulate, those of the sterile branches spreading and glaucescent; flowering stems spreading, compressed; branches of cyme crowded, erect. %. H. Native of Siberia. The leaves, according to Haw. in rev. p. 29. are green, and the flowers nearly white; but according to Willd. 1. c. the leaves are glaucescent, and the flowers greenish-yellow, there- fore two species are probably confounded under this name, and perhaps both are only varieties of S. refléxum. Greenish-flowered Stonecrop. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1815. Pl. 4 ft. 81 S. sunctava'tum (Haw. in phil. mag. 1831. p. 414.) leaves imbricated, rosulate at the tops of the branches, some- what clavate, turgid, green, attenuated towards the apex, and acute. %. H. Native of North America. Flowers not seen. From habit this species appears to come nearest S. Forsterianum. Subclavate-leaved Stonecrop. Clt. 1830. PI. 4 foot. 82 S. STENOPE'TALUM (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 324.) stems assurgent, glabrous ; leaves scattered, crowded, adnate-sessile, compressed, subulate, acute ; cymes terminal, trichotomous, and dichotomous; spikes recurved; flowers sessile, decandrous ; petals 5, linear, much longer than the calyx. 2%.H. Native of North America, on the banks of Clark’s river, and the Kooskoosky; and frequent on the east side of the Rocky Mountains. Flowers golden yellow. Said to be allied to S. refléxum. Narrow-petalled Stonecrop. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1826. Pl.4 ft. 83 S. caruze’scens (Haw. in. phil. mag. 1825. p. 174.) leaves long, spreading, subulate, acute, bluish-glaucous, flattish above. X. H. Native country unknown. Very like S. altissimum, but not half the size, more bluish-glaucous ; leaves more distant, petals more acute, pale yellow. Blueish Stonecrop. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Pl. 4 foot. 84 S. axti’ssimum (Poir. dict. 4. p. 634.) stem fruticulose, branched at the base; floriferous ones erect; leaves nearly terete, acute, glaucous, glabrous : superior ones scattered, flattish above ; those of the sterile branches imbricated; cymes branched, many-flowered ; flowers sessile along the branches of the cyme, which are twisted at the apex; petals 6-8, lanceolate, acute, spreading. 2%. H. Native of the south of Europe. D.C, pl. grass. t. 116. Sempervivum sediférme, Jacq. hort. vind. t. 81. and var. monstrésa misc. 1. p. 133. t. 5. S. fruticuldsum, Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 206. S. ruféscens, Tenore, fl. neap. t. 41, S. Niceénse, All. ped. no. 1752. t. 90. f. 1. S. Jacquini, Haw. in phil. mag. 1825. p.174. S. rupéstrea,Gouan. S, dioicum, CRASSULACE. XVIII. Sepum. Donn, hort. cant. Flowers cream-coloured. bluntish, A large, strong, glaucous plant. Tallest Stonecrop. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1769. Pl. 1 foot. 85 S. ocurotevu'cum (Smith, in Lin. trans. 10. p. 7.) stem branched ; leaves glaucous, scattered, acute: lower ones terete: upper ones elliptic, depressed ; cymes branched, many flowered; flowers sessile along the branches of the cyme; calycine seg- ments acutish ; petals oblong-spatulate. 2.H. Native of the south of Europe. S. altissimum (3, ochroleticum, D. C. prod. 3. p. 408. Flowers pale yellow. Very like S. altissimum, but rather larger. Cream-coloured-flowered Stonecrop. Pl. 1 foot. 86 S. anore’ratum (D. C. rapp. 2. p. 80. suppl. fi. fr. p. 526. mem. crass. t. 8.) stems branched at the base, erect ; leaves nearly terete, rather depressed, loosened at the base, glaucous, mucronate ; those of the sterile branches imbricated; cyme 4- cleft, corymbose ; petals lanceolate, acuminated, erect. 2/. H. Native of the south of France, on calcareous rocks, and among stones. Bauh. hist. 3. p. 428. S. Hispdnicum, D. C. fl. fr. no. 1326. but not of Lin. S. rupéstre, Vill. dauph. 3. p. 678. but not of Lin. S. anopétalum, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 435. exclu- sive of the synonyme of Tenore. Flowers cream-coloured. There is also a variety with orange-coloured flowers, according to Haworth. Upward-petalled Stonecrop. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1818. Pl. 4ft. 87 S. Urvrtier (D. C. prod. 3. p. 408.) stems glabrous; erect, creeping, and branched at the base; leaves scattered, nearly terete, obtuse, dilated, and stem-clasping at the base; cyme 2-3-cleft; flowers sessile along the branches ; petals acu- minately awned. ©. H. Native of the Island of Lazaretto. S. pallidum, D’Urv. enum. p. 51. but not of Bieb. Flowers yellow. Capsules pale, somewhat stellate. D’ Urville’s Stonecrop. PI. 4 foot. 88 S. viri’puLum (Haw. in phil. mag. 1827. p. 183.) leaves erectish, linear-subulate, green, somewhat mucronulate on one side. 2.H. Native country unknown. Very like S. virens, and S. recurvaium, Willd. but the leaves are a little larger an flatter, greener and blunter. It is less than S. anopétalum. Small-green Stonecrop. FI. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. Pl. 4 ft. 89 S. titdreum (Guss. pl. rar. p. 185. t. 37. f. 2.) stem erect, branched at the base; branches ascending; leaves spa tulatescuneated, semiterete, obtuse, glabrous ; flowers sessile, lateral, solitary. ©. H. Native of Calabria, among rubbish by the sea-side. Flowers pale yellow, alternate. Petals a little longer than the calyx, linear-lanceolate. Sea-shore Stonecrop. PI. 2 inches high. 90 S. saxa’tixe (Willd. spec. 2. p. 706.) stem erect, branched from the base; leaves scattered, rather remote, terete, obtuse, loosened at the base ; cymes leafy, spreading ; flowers on short pedicels, along the branches of the cyme; petals oblong, mucro- nate. ©. H. Native of Europe, among rocks; in Norways Germany, Switzerland, Dauphiny, Denmark, Mount Cenis, &e. D. C. pl. grass. t. 119. Smith, fl. græc. t. 450. S. zestivum and saxatile, All. pedem. no. 1746. and 1749. t. 65. f. 6. alpéstre, Vill. dauph. 3. p. 684. S. rupéstre, Œd. fl. dan. t. 59. but not of Lin, S. Œdèri, Roth. prod. fl. scand. ed. 2. no. 56% S. ánnuum, Lin. spec. 620. exclusive of the character and sy- nonymes. S. divaricàtum, Lapeyr. abr. 260. but not of it S. schistòsum, Lejeune, fl. spa. 1. p. 206. Herb 2-4 inches long. Flowers yellow or pale yellow. Rock Stonecrop. FI, Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. Pl. 3 foot. 91 S. TENE'LLUM (Meyer, verz. pfl. p. 152.) plant glabrous, glaucescent ; stems herbaceous, erectish ; leaves subulate, blunt- ish, loose at the base ; those of the sterile branches imbricate¢s rays of cyme short, few-flowered, coarctate ; flowers decandrous: Lobes of calyx Fl. July. Clt. 1818, CRASSULACEÆ. XVIII. Sepum. rather shorter than the pedicels; petals acute, longer than the calyx ; capsule truncate at the apex, and apiculated by the short styles. 2/. H. Native of Caucasus, in stony places, at the alti- tude of 3000 feet. Flowers orange-coloured. Tender Stonecrop. PI. 1 foot. 92 S. rE‘pens (Schleich. in D. C. fl. fr. suppl. 525.) stems ascending, creeping, and branched at the base ; leaves scattered, semiterete, obtuse; cymes few-flowered ; petals ovate. 2. H. Native of the higher Pyrenees. S. Guettardi, Vill. dauph. 3. t. 45. exclusive of the synonymes. S. ribens, Henk. sud. 114? S. annuum, All. pedem. no. 1763.2? S. Monregalénse, Balb. ? S. atratum 8, D. C. fl. fr. no. 3615. An intermediate plant be- tween S. atratum and S. saxátile. Petals pale yellow. Creeping Stonecrop. FI. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1817. PI. 4 foot. 93 S. puBe’scens (Vahl. symb. 2. p. 52.) stem erect, branched, pubescent; leaves alternate, elongated, obtuse, rather pilose above; cymes trifid, many-flowered ; petals lanceolate. ©. H. ex Desf. fi. atl. 1. p. 360. Native of Tunis, in the fissures of rocks. Petals yellow, pubescent on the outside. Pubescent Stonecrop. PI. 4 foot. 94 S. nisprpum (Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 361. but not of Poir.) stem erect, branched above, hispid; leaves scattered, nearly terete, depressed above, spreading; branches of cyme filiform, rather panicled; flowers pedicellate; petals 5-6, lanceolate, acute.—Native of the north of Africa, on Mount Atlas. S. Atlanticum, Pers. ench. no. 35. S. filiforme, Poir. Flowers golden yellow. Hispid Stonecrop. PI. 4 foot. + Species not sufficiently known. * Shrubby species. 95 S. nu'pum (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 112.) stem shrubby, branched, erectish ; branches twisted, glabrous; leaves scat- tered, oblong-cylindrical, obtuse; cymes terminal, and are as well as the calyxes glabrous. h.D.G. Native of Madeira. Petals 5, yellow, lanceolate. Scales orange-coloured, thick, and obtuse. Leaves almost like those of S. álbum. Naked Stonecrop. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1777. Shrub foot. 96 S. Laxirrérum (D. C. prod. 3. p. 409 ) stem shrubby, branched, ascending, glabrous ; branches twisted ; leaves scat- tered, ovate-cylindrical, thick, obtuse, glabrous; cymes loose, divaricate ; flowers pedicellate, beset with glandular pubescence. k. D.G. Native of Teneriffe. Petals small, apparently white. Sepals broad. Lax-flowered Stonecrop. Shrub 1 foot. 97 S. oxyrr’ratum (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 45.) stem shrubby, glabrous, branched ; leaves alternate, flat, quite entire, obovate-spatulate, rounded at the apex, and some- what emarginate; cymes terminal, somewhat dichotomous ; flowers secund, sessile ; petals 5, linear, each ending in a narrow acumen, h.D.G. Native of Mexico, in gardens. Flowers reddish. Sharp-petalled Stonecrop. Shrub 5 feet. ; ; 8 S. peNnpRoipeum (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 409. mem. crass. t. 9.) stem shrubby, branched, erect; leaves scattered or opposite, obovate-cuneated, glabrous ; those of the sterile branches rosulate ; thyrse panicled, much divided; flowers secund, sessile, bractless; petals 5, lanceolate. k. D.G. Native of Mexico. Flowers yellow. Very like a Species of Sempervivum. Tree-like Stonecrop. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. ; : 99 S. EBRACTEA`TUM (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. ex D. C. prod. 3. p- 409. mem. crass. t. 6. f. 6.) stem shrubby, fleshy, twisted at the base, creeping; flowering stems erect ; leaves scattered, glabrous, ovate, thick, obtuse : those of the flowering stems spreading, those of the sterile stems imbricated ; VOL, III, 121 thyrse panicled; flowers secund, sessile, bractless: petals 5, lanceolate. h. Native of Mexico. Flowers white. Habit of a species of Sempervivum. Bractless Stonecrop. Shrub 4 foot. * * Herbaceous plants. 100 S. a’trum (Clark, in Spreng. neue. entd. 3. p. 161.) flo- riferous stems erect; leaves lanceolate, acute, quite entire ; racemes subfastigiate; pedicels short, secund ; petals 6, lan- ceolate.— Native of Palestine. ‘The rest unknown. High Stonecrop. Pl. 1 foot. 101 S. Torre yr; leaves roundish, flat, entire, scattered ; cymes terminal, trichotomous. X4. H. Native near the Rocky Mountains. Sédum, nov. spec. Torrey. in amer. lyc. new york. 2. p. 205. Torrey’s Stonecrop. PIl.? 102 S. rinza‘re (Thunb. fl. jap. 187.) stem glabrous, a little branched ; leaves terete, linear, opposite, stem-clasping, acute, spreading ; cyme trifid.—Native of Japan. Flowers yellow. Linear-leaved Stonecrop. Pl. 4 foot. 103 S. TENE'LLUM (Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 315.) stems branched at the very base ; floriferous ones erect; leaves scat- tered, oblong, obtuse, nearly terete, loosened at the base ; corymb simple, few-flowered; petals 5, lanceolate-subulate, twice the length of the calyx. ©.H. Native of Caucasus, on the alps. Flowers smaller than those of S. álbum, but the colour is un- known. Slender-Stonecrop. PI. 4 foot. 104 S. arista‘tum (Vill. dauph. 4. p. 680. t. 45.) stems lying on the ground at the base: floriferous ones erect ; leaves terete, acute at both ends, loosened at the base; those of the sterile stems densely imbricated; cymes few-flowered ; petals 5, acu- minately awned. 2/. H. Native of Dauphiny, near Segoyer. Petals white. Perhaps only a variety of S. anopétalum. Awnned-petalled Stonecrop. Pl. 4 to 4 foot. 105 S. pruina'rum (Brot. fi. lus. 2. p. 209.) stem erect, branched at the base, glabrous, glaucous, pruinose ; leaves fleshy, oblong, convexly flattish, loosened at the base ; cymes bifid ; sepals and petals 6, lanceolate, acuminated, spreading. ©. H. Native of Portugal. Sempervivum pruinatum, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 169. Colour of flowers unknown. Frosted Stonecrop. PI. 4 foot. 106 S. conre’RtuM (Delil. fl. eg. ill. no. 451.) leaves subu- late, scattered, crowded.—Native of Egypt, about Cairo, Sedum no. 243, Forsk. fl. egyp. p. 71. The rest unknown. Crowded-leaved Stonecrop. PI. } foot. 107 S. Qurtr’nse (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 46.) stems herbaceous, glabrous ; leaves alternate, flat above, con- vex beneath, spatulately-lanceolate, acutish, quite entire; ra- cemes elongated ; flowers pedicellate ; petals 5, oblong, acu- minated. ¥.D.G. Native of South America, among rubbish, near Guamcabamba, and on the walls of the town of Quito. Flowers orange-coloured. Perhaps a species of Echeveria. There is a variety of this plant having the leaves margined with red. Quito Stonecrop. PI. } foot. 108 S. Brcoror (H. B. et Kunth, l. c. p. 45.) stem herba- ceous, glabrous ; leaves alternate, flat, obovate-spatulate, acutish, quite entire; racemes terminal, flowers pedicellate ; petals 5, oblong, acute. %. D. G. Native near Caraccas, in humid places, and among rocks at Meneses, near Pasto. Petals yellow inside, and red or orange-coloured outside. Perhaps the flowers are truly racemose, and the plant is therefore probably a species of Echevèria. Two-coloured-flowered Stonecrop. PI. $ foot. 109 S. Borya'xum (D. C. prod. 3. p. 410.) stems naked, 122 CRASSULACE. XVIII. Sepum. XIX. Semprervivum. erect; flowers yellow, disposed in short recurved spikes ; leaves linear, scale-formed, reflexed.—Native of Spain, on the rocks called Borrequillos, in Sierra Nevada. Perhaps a species of Sempervivum, ex Bory. ann. gen. 3. (1820.) p. 14. The rest unknown. Bory’s Stonecrop. PI. 4 foot. 110 S. MELANANTHE RUM (D.C. prod. 3. p. 410.) stems weak; leaves ovate, attenuated at the apex; flowers in corymbose panicles.— Native of Spain, in Sierra Nevada, on the rocks of Borrequillos. Flowers small, densely panicled, rather sweet scented. Anthers black. The rest unknown. Black-anthered Stonecrop. PI. + foot. + Species only known by name. 1 S. stoloniferum (Gmel. itin. 3. t. 35. f. 2.). 2 S. lilidceum (Led. ex Steud. nom.). 3 S. proctimbens (Schrank, bav. p. 726.). S. Monregalénse (Balb.). N.B. Rhodiola biternàta, Lour. coch. p. 627. is totally dif- ferent from Rhodiola, Lin. and is perhaps a plant belonging to Sapindacee. Cult. The greater part of the species being quite hardy, and all succulent, they therefore succeed best on rock-work, for which they are well adapted. Some of the rarer kinds may be grown in small pots. They succeed best in light, sandy soil, or one com- posed of loam and brick rubbish. All are readily increased by cuttings. The seeds of the annual species only require to be sown on rockwork. There are a few of the species marked greenhouse; these will require the same treatment as that re- commended for the species of Globilea, see p. 106. > XIX. SEMPERVI'VUM (from semper vivo, to live for ever ; the tenacity of life of the Houseleek tribe is well known). Lin. gen. no. 612. Lam. ill. t. 413. D.C. in bull. philom. no. 49. prod. 3. p. 411. Lin. syst. Dodectndria, Dodecagynia. Calyx 6-20-parted. Petals 6-20, oblong, acute. Stamens double the number of the petals. Scales at base of carpels toothed or jagged at the apex. Carpels equal in number to the petals.—Herbs sometimes stem- less, with young plants rising from the axils; or caulescent, without any young plants; or shrubby and fleshy. Leaves usually revolute. Branches of cymes sometimes disposed into a corymb, and sometimes into a panicle. Petals yellow, white, or purplish. Secr. I. Curondsrum (xpovoe, chronos, time, and (tow, bioo, to live; plants living only for a time, and are not so tenacious of life as those of the following section). D. C. pl. rar. gard. gen. no. 21. Young plants, none from the axils. Flowers usually yellow, rarely white. Species all natives of the Canary Islands. * Shrubby species. 1 S. arzoipes (Lam. dict. 3. p. 290.) stem frutescent, erect, branched ; leaves scattered, obovate, flat, quite entire, glabrous ; flowers corymbose ; petals 5-8, spreading. h.D.G. Native of Madeira. Sédum aizoides, D. C. pl. grass. t. 4. Sédum divaricatum, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 108. Perhaps Anacampseros divaricata, Haw. syn. p. 113.2? Flowers yellow. Aizoon-like Houseleek. Fl. May, Jul. Clt.? Shrub 1 ft. 2 S. Torrvdsum (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 148.) stem frutescent, erect, branched ; leaves obovate-spatulate, scattered, rather convex beneath ; petals 7-8, spreading ; scales 2-lobed. h. D. G. Native of the Canary Islands. Curt. bot. mag. t. 296. D.C. pl. grass, t. 156. Flowers yellow. Leaves 11-12 lines long and 4-5 lines broad. 8 Twisted Houseleek. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1779. Sh. 4 tož ft, 3 S. vizròsum (Haw. syn. p. 166. rev. 65. but not of Ait.) stem frutescent, erectish, twisted; leaves obovate, crowded, gibbous beneath, villous ; scales of flower fringed. h. D. G, Native of the Canary Islands. Flowers yellow. Leaves 5 lines long and 3 lines broad. S. villòsum, Ait. is referrible to S. stellàtum. Villous Houseleek. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1777. Sh. 4 toł ft, 4 S. cira‘tum (Willd. enum. 1. p. 508. mem. crass. t. 10.) stem frutescent, glabrous ; leaves oblong-obovate, somewhat spa- tulate, mucronate, cartilaginously ciliated ; thyrse panicled, having the branches crowded, with flowers at the apex; petals 6-7, hk. D. G. Native of the Canary Islands. Coll. hort. rip. append. 4. t. 7. Flowers pale yellow. Ciliated-leaved Houseleek. Clt. 1815. Shrub 1 to 14 feet. 5 S. GLANDULÒSUM (Ait. l. c. p. 148.) stem frutescent ; leaves orbicularly spatulate, with clammy margins; glands globose; scales of flower wedge-shaped, truncate. h.D. G. Native of Madeira. Flowers yellow. Glands fringed, yellow, ex Haw. rev. p. 65. Glandular Houseleek. Fl. Mar. May. Clt. 1777. Shrub 4 to 1 foot. 6 S. erurinésum (Ait. l. c. p. 147.) stem frutescent; leaves cuneiform, viscid, rather scat- tered, fringed with adpressed, cartilaginous ciliæ ; petals 8-10. k. D. G. Native of Madeira. Jacq. hort. schcenbr. 4. t. 464. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1963. Ker. bot. reg. t. 278. Branches of panicle loose. Flowers golden yellow. The stem rises to the height of 2 feet, and even more, according to Prince de Salm- Dyck. The fishermen of Ma- deira rub their nets with the fresh leaves of this species, by which they are rendered as du- : rable as if tanned, provided they are steeped in some alkaline liquor. (f. 30.) Clana Houseleek. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1777. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. . 7 S. u'rBicum (C. Smith, mss. Horn. suppl. p. 66. Haw. m phil. mag. 1827. p. 125.) stem frutescent, erect, leafy at ie top; leaves broad, cuneiform, glabrous, cartilaginously ciliat on the margins, running into the petiole at the base, broad an blunt at the apex, and ending in a small point. h. D. G. çs tive of the Canary Islands, on the walls of towns and the an of houses. Leaves green. Flowers yellow. Perhaps the sam as S, latifolium. Hoffm. verz. 2. p. 208. Haworth’s plant 1 probably the same as that of Hornemann. oft City Houseleek. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1816. Shrub 1 to tog 8 S. reru'sum (Haw. in phil. mag. 1827. p. 125.) stem ie tescent, simple, leafy at the apex; leaves broadly cuneated, € j panded, smooth, ciliated, somewhat cuneated at the apex, ge cate and retuse. h.D.G. Native of Teneriffe, on wats, "i the roofs of houses. Flowers yellow. Very like S. úrbicu but differs in the form of the leaves. Sh. Retuse-leaved Houseleek. F]. June, Aug. Clt. 1824. 1 to 2 feet. th 9 S. arsdrEum (Lin. spec. p. 664.) stem arborescent, smo? wi branched ; leaves cuneiform, glabrous, ciliated, spreading 5, rosulate at the tops of the branches ; panicle loose ; peat i k.D. G. Native of Portugal, Barbary, Candia, &e. 125. succ. pl. 1. t. 31. Ker. bot. reg. 99. D. C. pl. grass: t CRASSULACEH. XIX. Sempervivum. Smith, fl. greece. 473. Shrub from 3-6 feet. yellow. Var. B, variegatum ; leaves margined with white or purple. Tree Houseleek. Fl. Mar. Dec. Clt. 1640. Sh. 3 to 6 ft. 10 S. rrure’scens (Haw. phil. mag. 1827. p. 125.) stem shrubby, simple; leaves crowded in a rosulate manner at the tops of the branches, spatulately cuneated, green, ciliated. h. D. G. Native of Teneriffe. Flowers yellow. Very like S. arboreum, but the plant is not above half a foot high. Frutescent Houseleek. Fl. Mar. Dec. Clt. 1824. Pl. 4to 1 ft. 1] S. rasuLærórme (Haw. suppl. p. 69. rev. 63.) stem fru- tescent, erect, simple; leaves spatulate, flat, ciliated, atten- uated at the base, crowded at the top of the stem, and form- ing a rosulate flat disk, in consequence of the leaves being so closely imbricated over each other. h. D. G. Native of Madeira. Stems branching after the first time of flowering. Petals 10-12, linear-lanceolate, very pale sulphur-coloured. Glands minute, pedunculate. Table-formed Houseleek. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1817. Pl. 1 ft. 12 S. Canarte’nsz (Lin. spec. p. 664.) stem short, frutes- cent; radical leaves expanded, rosulate, obovately-spatulate, villous, large ; leaves scattered along the flowering stem, ovate ; branches of panicle expanded ; flowers pedicellate ; petals 9-10. h. D. G. Native of the Canary Islands.x—Comm. hort. amst. 2. t. 95. D.C. pl. grass. t. 141. Petals white, linear. Canary-Island Houseleek. FI. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1699. Sh. 13 ft. 13 S. Smr'run (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1980.) stems frutescent, erect, hispid; leaves scattered, obovate, acuminated, flat, con- cave, a little spotted ; branches of panicle revolute at the points, bearing sessile flowers on the upper side ; petals 12. h.D.G. Native of the Canary Islands. S. folidsum, C. Smith, hort. berol. p. 88. Petals pale yellow, oval-oblong, spreading. Glands wanting, ex Haw. rev. p. 63. Smith's Houseleek. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1815. Shrub 1 ft. 14 S. parza'rum (C. Smith, in hort. ber. p. 37.) stem frutes- cent; leaves ovate-spatulate, acute, with cartilaginously ciliated margins, marked with brown lines on both surfaces ; flowers panicled ; petals 6. %.D.G. Native of the Canary Islands. S. lineolare, Haw. suppl. p. 69. rev. p. 65. S. spatulatum, orn. suppl. p. 60. Flowers yellow. a Ê, hybridum (Salm-Dyck. and Haw.) all parts of plant ger, Bearded Houseleek. FI. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1815. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 15 S. cazsrrrdsum (C. Smith, in hort. berol. p. 38.) stem fru- emg very short, at length a little branched, leafy at the apex ; faves oblong-linear, glabrous, stiffly ciliated, marked with brown Meson both surfaces, crowded in a rosulate manner, but the cauline ones are scattered ; flowers in cymose corymbs, with the branchlets dichotomous ; petals 7-8, spreading. h. D. G. ative of the Grand Canary Island, on rocks on the highest Sais. D. C. rapp. jard. bot. 1822. no. 13. S. ciliare, ims, bot. mag. t. 1978. but not of Willd. S. ciliàre, Haw. rie P. 64. S. Simsii, Sweet, hort. suburb. p. 230. S. barba- um, Horn. suppl. p. 61. but not of Smith. Flowers yellow. Is plant survived 18 months in paper in the herbarium of C. on , and afterwards when put into the earth grew. ufted Houseleek. FI. Apr. Sept. Clt. 1815. Sh. 4 foot. Flowers golden * * Herbaceous plants. a 5 DopRANTA'LE (Willd. enum. p. 508.) stem herbaceous, obova glabrous ; leaves flat, glabrous, quite entire; radical ones vate, attenuated at the base, disposed in a spreading rosulate emoet: cauline ones erect, oval, sessile, obtuse at both ends ; irs corymbose ; petals 20. ¢.D.G. Native of the Ca- » D.C. mem. crass. t. 11. Pedicels puberulous, Co- "Ymbs few-flowered. Petals linear ; pale when dried. 123 Nine-inch Houseleek. Fi. July, Aug. Clt. 1815. Pl. 3 ft. 17 S. av’Reum (C. Smith, in hort. berol. p. 37.) stem herba- ceous, erect, glabrous ; leaves obovate-spatulate, with membrana- ceously cartilaginous, quite entire margins, glaucous; branches of panicle dichotomous, many-flowered ; petals 20. &.or h. D. G. Native of Teneriffe, on the mountains. S. calyciforme, Haw. suppl. p. 69. Ker. bot. reg. t. 892. Flowers yellow. Petals linear, and are as well as stamens 20, and the pistils are nu- merous, according to C. Smith. Perhaps the same as S. do- drantale, Willd. Golden Houseleek. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1815. Pl. 1 foot. 18 S. puncra‘rum (C. Smith, in Buch. can. p. 155.) stem herbaceous, erect, branched; leaves scattered, obovate, petio- late, flat, glabrous, crenated on the margin at the top, dotted in the recesses of the crenæ; panicle loose ; pedicels puberulous ; petals 6-9. ©. . D. G. Native of the Canary Islands. D. C. mem. crass. t.12. Petals oval, acute, yellow. Dotted-leaved Houseleek. PI. 1 foot. 19 S. sretxa‘tum (Smith, in Lin. soc. trans. 1. p. 251.) stem herbaceous, erect, branched, puberulous; leaves scattered, ob- long, spatulately cuneiform, obtuse, villous; flowers panicled ; petals 6-8, spreading; scales palmate, with subulate lobes. ©. D.G. Native of Madeira. S. villdsum, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 148. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1809. Flowers golden yellow. Herb 6-8 inches high. Stellate Houseleek. FI. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1790. Pl. 4 foot. 20 S. picuéromum (D.C. jard. gen. t. 21.) stem herbaceous, terete, erect, dichotomous, beset with soft spreading hairs; leaves obovately spatulate, tapering into the petiole, dotted with soft villi; flowers in loose corymbs; petals 8-9, spreading ; scales of flower 2-lobed, small. ¢. D. G. Native of the Canary Is- lands, among rocks. S.láxum, Haw. rev. 65. Nearly allied to S. hirtum, ex Buch. cat. Flowers yellow. This plant is nearly allied to S. tortudsum, but differs in being herbaceous. Dichotomous Houseleek. FI. Jul. Aug. Cit. 1815. Pl. 4 ft. 21 S. pyemm'um (C. Smith, in Buch. can. p. 155.) stem decli- nate, few-leaved, 1-flowered ; leaves spatulate, attenuated at the base, retuse, hairy ; calyx villous; petals awned.—Native of the Island of Lancerotta. Flowers small, yellow. Plant hardly an inch high. The rest unknown. Pygmy Houseleek. Pl. 1 inch. Secr. II. Jovipa’rea (Jupiter, Jovis, Jupiter, and barba, a beard; Jupiter’s beard ; application not evident). D.C. pl. rar. gen. no. 21. obs. prod. 3. p. 413. Young plants rising from the axils of the lower leaves. Flowers purplish or pale yellow.— European species. * Flowers yellowish. 22 S. uiRTum (Lin. spec. p. 605.) leaves somewhat ciliated ; young plants globose ; petals 6, erect, fringed. 2%.H. Native of Thuringia and Carinthia, on walls ; and in woods about Mos- cow. D.C. pl. grass. t. 107. S. soboliferum, Sims, bot. mag. t. 1457. S. globiferum, Hoppe, cent. Haw. rev. p. 67. Jacq. aust. 5. p. 50. append. t. 40. Leaves of the flowering, stems lanceolate, imbricate, loose, disposed in 3 spiral series. Offsets falling off of themselves. Petals pale cream-coloured, twice the length of the calyx. Hairy House-leek. Fl. June, July. Cit. 1804. Pl. } foot. 23 S. GLOBYFERUM (Lin. l. c.) leaves ciliated ; offsets rather contracted ; petals 15-20, spreading, very long. %.H. Native of Vallais, on rocks; and probably of Austria. Curt. bot. mag. t. 507, Schrad. icon. 95. t. 26. S. grandifldrum, Haw. rev. 66. Petals yellowish, 3 times longer than the calyx. : Var. B; offsets rather loose; petals 12. X. H. Sims, bot. mag. 2115. More villous and pale than the species. R2 124 CRASSULACEE. Globe-bearing or Hen and Chicken House-leek. FI. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1731. Pl. 4 to 1 foot. ** Floners purplish. 24 S. TECTÒRUM (Lin. spec. p. 664.) leaves ciliated; offsets spreading ; petals 5-9, spreading ; scales of flowers cuneiform, carunculate. 2. H. Native of Europe, on rocks and roofs of houses; also in many parts of Britain, on walls and cottage roofs, but perhaps not properly indigenous. D. C. pl. grass. t. 104, Smith, eng]. bot. 1320. Curt. lond. 3. t.29. Oed. fl. dan. 601. Blackw. t. 366. Sédum tectorum, Scop. carn. ed. 2. no. 529. Flowers purplish. Stamens sometimes changed into car- pels according to Pet. Thouars, in bull. phil. nov. 1807. The Juice of the common house-leek either applied by itself, or mixed with cream, gives present relief in burns, and other external in- flammations ; it is also said to cure corns. With honey it is a useful application in the thrush. Boerhaave found 10 ounces of the juice beneficial in dysenteries, and others have found it use- ful in gonorrhceas ; but it is not admitted into modern practice. The house-leek had several names formerly, as sengreen and aygreen, both translations of Sempervivum. It has also been called jupiter’s eye, bullock’s eye, and jupiter’s beard. In Ger- man it is called hauswurz; in French la grande joubarbe, and in Italian sempervivo maggiore. Roof or Common House-leek. Fl. June, Sept. Britain. Pl. 1 foot. 25 S. FLAGELLIFÓRME (Fisch. in Link, enum. 2. p. 20.) leaves ovate, mucronate, papillose, with papillously ciliated margins ; offsets spreading, lateral; branches of cyme bifid. Y.H. Na- tive of Siberia. Allied to S. montdnum, but differs in being larger, and in the offsets being at the ends of long flagella. The leaves of the offsets terminate in a stiff brown point ; cauline leaves narrower. Corolla reddish. Flagelliform Houseleek. FI. July, Aug. Clit. 1823, 4 to 2 foot. 26 S. monta‘num (Lin. spec. p. 665.) leaves of the offsets obovate-oblong, shortly acuminated, beset with glandular pubes- cence on both surfaces, obsoletely ciliated, entire, pubes- cent; offsets rather contracted ; flowers rotate ; petals 10-14, lanceolate, acuminated, spreading, 3 times longer than the calyx, scales of flowers small, nearly quite entire; style discoloured at the apex. 2. H. Native of the Pyrenees and the Alps of Eu- rope, &c. on rocks. D. C. pl. grass. t. 105. Jacq. fl. aust. 5. append. t. 41. Flowers deep red. This species differs from S. tectòrum in the smaller stature, and in the nectariferous scales being almost wanting ; and from S. arachnoideum in the absence of the cobwebbed wool. Scales of flower square and retuse. Mountain House-leek. Fl. Ju. July. Clt.1752. Pl. 4 to 3 ft. 27 S. Fu’nxu (Braun, in bot. zeit. Jan. 1832. p. 4. t. 1.) leaves of the offsets oblong, shortly acuminated, beset with glan- dular pubescence on both surfaces, with ciliated margins; flowers rotate ; petals lanceolate, acuminated, about 3 times longer than the calyx ; germens dilated, ovate; style discoloured at the apex. %4. H. Native of the Alps of Europe, as in Switzerland, Pied- mont, &c. Funk’s House-leek. Fl. June, July. Clt.? Pl. 4 foot. 28 S. ARACHNOÍDEUM (Lin. spec. 665.) leaves covered with interwoven cobwebbed hairs or wool; offsets globose ; petals 3-9, spreading ; scales of flower truncately emarginate. 4. H. Native of the Alps of Europe and the Pyrenees, &c. among rocks. D.C. pl. grass. t. 106. Curt. bot. mag. t. 68. Jacq. austr. 5. append. t. 42. Flowers purple. : Cobwebbed House-leek. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1699. Pl. 2 ft. 29 S. pu'mitum (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 381.) leaves lanceolate, acute, ciliated by long hairs; offsets globose; stem few-flowered; petals 12, hairy. 2.H. Native of Caucasus, at the torrent of Pi. XIX. Sempervivum. Terek, on rocks. Flowers red. Very like S. arachnoideum, but differs in the hairs on the leaves being distinct, not cobwebbed, Dwarf House-leek. Fl. June, July. Cit. 1824. Pl. $ foot. 30 S. TENUIFÒLIUM (Smith, fl. graec. prod. 1. p. 335. fl. gree, t. 474.) leaves subulate: lower ones dilated at the base, and sheathing ; cauline ones adnate, sessile, prolonged at the base; flowers with 7-10 styles; offsets cylindrical. %. H. Native of Calabria, on arid hills. Sédum rostratum, Ten. fl. nap. prim. p- 26. Sedum amplexicaile, D.C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 526. Sédum carinatum, Link. Sempervivum anémalum, Lag. ex Spreng. Petals yellow. More the habit of a Sedum than a Sempervivum, and has much the habit of Sedum rupéstre. Fine-leaved House-leek. PI. + foot. Secr. III. Mona’ntues (from povoc, monos, one, and avoc, anthos, a flower ; flowers one on each peduncle). Haw. rev. suce, p. 68. D.C. prod. 3. p. 414. Real offsets none. Leaves clavate, crowded in a somewhat rosulate manner. Flowers purple. Glands large, orbicularly cochleate, serrulated when examined through a lens, one-half shorter than the petals, but 4 times broader, and rufous. Haw.—A very small nearly stemless herb. 31 S. mona’ntuEs (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 149.) leaves terete, clavated, glabrous, crowded in a rosulate manner; peduncles naked, generally 1-flowered, rarely few-flowered ; petals 6-9, hardly longer than the calyx ; scales of flower obcor- date. 2%.D.G. Native of the Canary Islands. Curt. bot, mag. t. 93. D.C. pl. grass. t. 157. Monánthes polyphýlla, Haw. rev. p. 68. Flowers small, purplish. Plant tufted. One-flowered House-leek. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1777. Pl. 1 or 2 inches. + Species hardly known. 32 S. Arrica‘num (Mill. dict. ed. 8. no. 7.) margins of leaves serrately toothed; offsets spreading. %. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Haw. syn. p. 367. This species has never been seen except by Miller; it is therefore doubtful. Sprengel says it is the same as S. arbdreum. African House-leek. Clt. 1768. Shrub. 33 S.? Srcuie'r1 (D.C. prod. 3. p. 414.) stem herbaceous, erect; leaves opposite, obovate.—Native on Mount Baldo. Sédum pertrae'um, &c. Scarella in Seg. ver. 2. p. 360. t. 17. S, stellàtum, Poll. fl. ver. 2. p- 114. exclusive of the synonyme 0 Smith. Itis probably a variety of Sèdum dasyphýllum, but the flowers are said to be yellow. The plant is therefore very doubtful. Seguier’s House-leek. Pl. 4 foot? 34 S.? Hispa’yicum (Willd. enum. p. 508.) leaves subulate, semi-terete, ciliated, imbricated ; cymes bifid. Y. H. Native of Spain. The rest unknown. Perhaps a species of Sedum. Spanish House-leek. Pl. 4 to 4 foot. 35 S. CLAVICULA`TUM, Sieb.y These two species are only 36 S. MUTA'BILE, Schlecht. $ known by name. j Cult. The greenhouse kinds of house-leek are chiefly natives of the Canary Islands. A mixture of sand, loam, and brick-rub- bish is a good soil for them; and care must be taken not to givé them too much water when not in flower. Cuttings taken off A plants, and laid to dry a few days, will strike root freely without any covering of glass. Cuttings of some species are difficult to obtain, such as of S. tabulifórme, &c. ; the best way in such = is to cut the top out, and lateral shoots will be immediateY produced. The hardy kinds are well fitted for rock-work, 0% to grow on walls; and they are easily increased by the offsets, which are issued in great abundance. A light soil suits them best. Tribe II. ip CRASSULA'CEE ANO’MALG (the plants contained in this CRASSULACEZ. XX. Diamorpna. tribe are anomalous in the order, in consequence of the carpels being united into a many-celled capsule, and dehiscing on the outside). D.C. prod. 3. p. 414, Carpels united at the base into a many-celled capsule. XX. DIAMO’RPHA (from d.apopgow, diamorphoo, to de- form ; in reference to the fruit, which is formed differently and contrary to the rest of the order). Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 293. D.C. prod. 3. p. 414. Lin. syst. Octdndria, Tetragynia. Calyx 4-lobed. Petals 4. Stamens 8. Carpels 4, united at the base, but diverging at the apex, cuspidate, opening on the outside, usually containing about 4 seeds.—A small biennial herb, with the branches disposed in whorles from the base. Flowers small, white, disposed in cymes. Leaves alternate, nearly terete. 1 D. pusr'tra (Nutt. lc.) g. H. F. Native of North Carolina, about Camden, among moss on rocks. Sédum pusil- lum, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 276. Tilla‘a cymésa, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 110. Small Diamorpha. PI. 1 inch. Cult. The seeds of this plant should be sown in a pot, filled with peat, and the plants need not be shifted into other pots ; but be preserved through the winter by a frame. XXI. PENTHO'RUM (from nevre, pente, five, and ópoc, horos, a boundary ; in reference to the 5 beaks which terminate the capsule). Lin. gen. no. 580. Gaertn. fruct. 1, p. 312. t. 65. D. C. prod. 3. p. 414. $ Lix. syst. Decándria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens 10. Scales wanting? Carpels 5, united at the base, in a 5-beaked 5-celled capsule, which is pentagonal at the apex, and opening under the beaks. Seeds numerous, small, fixed on every side of the broad placenta, and probably exalbu- minous.—Erect perennial herbs, with scattered, membranous, oblong-linear, unequally serrated leaves: and unilateral cymes, which are turned back at the points. 1 P. seproipes (Lin. spec. p. 620.) stem a little branched ; leaves lanceolate ; cymes numerous, panicled, many-flowered ; seeds scobiform. 2.H. Native of North America, in bogs, from New England to Carolina, and on La Grande Chaudiere. Lin. act. ups. 1744, t. 2. Lam. ill. t. 390. Flowers white or pale yellow. Stonecrop-like Penthorum. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1768. PEIE 2 P. Cuer’yse (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 323. in obs.) stem simple ; leaves long, linear-lanceolate; cymes few, corym- bose, few-flowered; seeds ovate, horny. 2%. H. Native of China. D.C. mem. crass. pl. 13. Very like P. sediotdes, but the seeds are certainly distinct. Stems, as in it, terete at the base, and angular at the apex. China Penthorum. PI. 1 foot. : Cult. The species of this genus grow freely in light sandy soil, and are easily increased by dividing at the roots. — Cuttings also strike freely under a hand-glass. P. Chinénsis, if ever It should be introduced to the gardens, will require protection 1n Winter until its hardiness be ascertained. Orver CXIV. FICOI'DEE (plants agreeing in character with Mesembrydnthemum, or Fig-marygold, in particular charac- ters). Juss. gen. p. 315. dict. sc. nat. 16. p. 528. D. C. prod. 3. p. 415, Calyx constantly of a definite number of sepals, varying from 4 to 8, more or less united at the base, either co- hering with the ovarium, or almost distinct from it, equal or un- equal, quincuncial or valvate in æstivation. Petals indefinite, coloured, narrow, a little combined at the base, sometimes want- + usually 5, but XXI. PENTHORUM. FICOIDEÆ. I. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM. 125 ing, but in that case the inside of the calyx is coloured. Stamens indefinite, arising from the calyx, distinct; anthers oblong, in- cumbent. Ovarium distinct, or adnate to the calyx, many- celled, crowned by numerous distinct stigmas. Capsule either girded by the fleshy calyx or naked, usually many-celled, but often 5-celled, opening in a stellate manner at the apex. Seeds attached to the inner angle of the cells, definite or indefinite. Embryo lying on the outside of a mealy albumen, curved.— Shrubby or herbaceous plants, variable in habit. Leaves fleshy, opposite, simple. Flowers usually terminal. The curved embryo and mealy albumen, along with the superior calyx, and distinctly perigynous stamens, characterise these among their neighbours, independently of their succulent habit. With Crassulàceæ, Chenopòdeæ, and Caryophýlleæ they are more or less closely related. Reaumurièæ and Nitrariacee are families different in affinity. The hottest sandy plains in the Cape of Good Hope nourish the largest part of this order. A few are found in the south of Europe, north of Africa, Chili, China, Peru, and the South Seas. The succulent leaves of a few of the species are eaten, as of Tetragonia expdnsa, Mesem- brydnthemum edile, and Sesùvium portulacdstrum ; others yield an abundance of soda. Mesembrydnthemum nodiflorum is used in the manufacture of Moroquin leather. Synopsis of the genera. 1 Mesemsrya NtHEMUM. Calyx of 5, rarely of 2-8 sepals. Petals indefinite, linear. Stamens indefinite, inserted in the top of the calyx along with the petals. Capsule adnate to the calyx, from 4 to many-celled ; cells many-seeded. 2 Terraconia. Calyx 4, rarely 3-cleft ; lobes coloured in- side. Petals wanting. Stamens variable in number. Capsule -8-8-celled ; cells 1-seeded. 3 Sesuvium. Calyx 5-parted; lobes coloured inside. Petals wanting. Stamens 15-30, inserted in the top of the tube of the calyx. Capsule 3, rarely 4-5-celled ; cells many-seeded. 4 Aizdon. Calyx 5-parted, coloured inside. Petals want- ing. Stamens about 20, inserted in the bottom of the calyx, 3-5 in each fascicle. Capsule 5-celled ; cells many-seeded. 5 Guinus. Calyx 5-parted, coloured inside, with 3 inner sepals and 2 outer ones. Petals 5-20, tongue-shaped, 2-4-cleft at the apex. Capsule covered by the calyx, 5-celled ; cells many-seeded. 6 Ory'ctA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals numerous (20), lanceolate. Stamens indefinite. Capsule globose, 5-celled, many-seeded. I. MESEMBRYA’NTHEMUM (from peonpppia, mesem- bria, mid-day, and avSepor, anthemon, a flower). Lin. gen. 628. Gaertn. fruct. 2. t. 126. Lam. ill. t. 438. Haw. obs. mes. 1. vol. 8. 1794. mise. 1803. p. 15. syn. pl. suce. 1819. p. 202. D. C. prod. 3. p. 415.—Mesembryanthemum and Hy- menégyne, Haw. rev. succ. p. 74. and p. 192. Lin. syst. Icosdndria, Tetra-Polygynia. Calyx of 5, rarely of 2-8 sepals ; sepals united to themselves, and to the ovarium even to the middle ; lobes unequal, usually leaf-formed. Petals innumerable, in one, but more often in many series, united among themselves at the base. Stamens indefinite, disposed in many series, inserted with the petals at the to of the calyx. Ovarium adnate to the calyx, many celled inside (4-20), but usually 5- 126 FICOIDEX. celled. Stigmas 4-20, but usually 5. Capsule many-celled, opening stellately at the apex, adnate to the permanent calyx. Seeds numerous. Embryo curved at the side of a mealy albu- men. Cotyledons thick, very blunt.—Subshrubs, rarely herbs, almost all natives of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves usually opposite, thick, fleshy, flat, terete or trigonal. Flowers termi- nating the branches, white, yellow or purple, the greater part of I. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM. which open in the heat of the sun, very few of them opening in the evening. Fruit opening in a humid atmosphere, and reliev- ing the seeds, which are then dispersed by the wind along with the sand. In consequence of this genus being very large, we think it necessary to give a synoptical table of the sections, in order to render a reference to the species more easy. Synoptical Table of the Sections. stemless or nearly so . . leaves crowded at the tops of the branches Leaves stem creeping . not papulose. plants evidently leaves dis- posed along with stems. . Acav’rra (I.), §. 1—15. . CEPHALOPHY'LLA (II.), §. 16, 18. . » + » « REPTANTIA (III.), §. 19-23. leaves connate or sheathing . Perroria ra (IV.), §. 24-27. the branches leaves tri- quetrous. stems erect leaves distinct OPORI or nearly trate, not i ,. so. . . Trique‘tra(V.), §. 28-36. creeping. tea terete or semi-terete . . . Leaves pa- a terete or semi-terete pulose. leaves flat : Susprvision I. Acav't1a (acaulis, without a stem; plants stem- less or nearly so). Haw. rev. succ. p. 81. Stems wanting or very short. Root perennial. Leaves large, variable in form and thickness, but not flat. §1. Spheroitdea (from opaipa, sphaira, a sphere ; in reference to the leaves being joined together into a globe). Salm-Dyck.— Minima et Spheroidea, Ham. rev. suce. Plants stemless. Leaves opposite, very blunt, joined even to the apex into a globe, but separating. at length at the apex, and becoming marcescent, but still sheathing at the base. * Flowers solitary, sessile, central. Calyx 4-5-cleft. Stigmas 4-5.. Petals joined into a loose tube. 1 M. minv'rum (Haw. obs. 126. misc. 21. rev. 82.) plant stemless, obconical, glaucous, without spots ; flowers long, tu- bular. Y%.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1376. Plant hardly the size of a common bean. Petals pale reddish in the free part, spreading; tube slender, half an inch long, inclosing the ovarium. Minute Fig-marigold: Fl. Sept. Nov. Pl. 4 inch. 2 M. eee (Haw. obs. 126. misc. 21. syn. 203. rev. p. 82.) plant stemless, obconical, glaucescent, with confluent rather branched spots ; ovarium exserted. %. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Petiv. gaz. t. 39. f. 3.? ex Haw. Flowers very pale yellow, almost white, sessile. The cultivated plants of this species are sometimes somewhat caulescent. Offsets fewer from this species than from the other allied species. Smallest Fig-marigold. Fl. Sept. Dec. Clt. 1776. Pl. 4 inch. 3 M. rerrusrLium (Haw. rev. p. 82.) plant stemless, obco- nical, green, with strong confluent branched dots; ovarium in- closed. %4. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Very nearly allied to M. minimum, but the colour of the flowers is deeper, and the offsets more numerous. Very-small Fig-marigold. Fl. Sept. Dec. Clt. 1819, inch. 4 M. oscorpe'tLum (Haw. misc. 21. syn. 203. rev. 82.) Pl. 4 ‘Digs. RK, Teretiu scuta (VI.), §. 37-42. « « «+ » . Paprrrrosa (VIE); §. 33-53. Coe oc Praniroxia (VIIL), §. 54-59. plant stemless, obconical, glaucescent, with confluent branched dots; ovarium inclosed. 2. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Sims, bot. mag. 1647. Flowers small, sessile, nearly white. Petals twice the size of those of M. perpusillum, to which it is very nearly allied. Small-obcordate Fig-marigold. Fl. Feb. Oct. Clt, 1776 Pl. 4 inch. y 5 M. osconr'iLum (Haw. mise. 21. syn. 203. rev. 83.) plant stemless, obconical, green, with confluent, rather tubercle- formed dots ; ovarium inclosed. 2.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Calyx 4-cleft. Corolla white. Fe Little-cone Fig-marigold. Fl. Feb. Oct. Clt. 1786. Pl g1 6 M. ricirérme (Haw. rev. p. 83.) plant stemless, rather pyramidal or pear-shaped, glaucous, retusely obtuse at the ape% with the dots usually distinct, greenish, and nearly obsolete. Y.D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Plant pale. Flowers unknown. i Fig-formed Fig-marigold. Fl. Feb. Oct. Clt. 1819 es OF 7 M. rruncate’ttum (Haw. misc. 22. syn. 203. rev. 85. plant stemless, much depressed, and rather glaucous, with t f dots rather distinct; ovarium exserted. 2%. D. G: Native 0 the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers straw-coloured. Small-truncated Fig-marigold. Fl. Feb. Oct. Pl. 4 inch. . 3) 8 M. risutzrorme (Haw. misc. p. 22. syn. 203. rev. p- sa plant stemless, rather canescent, and somewhat pubescent, vey much depressed, and spotless. 4%. D. G. Native of the ape of Good Hope. Flowers unknown. ia Button-shaped Fig-marigold. Fl.? Clt. 1795. Pl: po 9 M. TURBINITÓRME (Haw. rev. p. 84.) plant stemless, 0 a6 nical, exactly truncate, and therefore top-formed, obscurely ted. %. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Burtt cat. 1630. 2. voy. 1. p..310. This species is twice or thrice size of M. truncàtum. $4: | Top-shaped ce 2 inches. ee Clt. 1795. FICOIDE Æ. 10 M. uvarorme (Haw. rev. p. 84.) plant stemless, nearly globose, green, form and size ofa grape berry, with small, rather confluent deeper dots. 2/.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Burm. afr. t. 10. f. 2.2 Grape-formed Fig-marigold. Fl.? Clt. 1820. Pl. 3 inch. 11 M. nucirérme (Haw. obs. 129. misc. 22. syn. 204. rev. 84.) plant stemless, glaucous, without dots, nearly spherical ; tops of leaves unequal, distinct, flat above. %. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers unknown. Nut-formed Fig-marigold. Clt. 1790. Pl. 1 inch. § 2. Subquadrifòlia (the plants belonging to this section are usually furnished with about 4 leaves). Salm-Dyck, obs. 17.— Semiovata and Obtisa, Ham. rev. p. 85. Plants almost stem- less. Leaves 4-6, decussate, quite entire, obtuse, flat above, con- vex beneath. Flowers nearly sessile, solitary. Calyx 4-6-cleft. Stigmas 4-6. The upper leaves are usually connate, as in sec- tion Spheroidee, and at length separate, but more distinctly. 12 M. TRUNCA TUM (Thunb. fl. cap. p. 412.) plant stemless ; leaves spheroid-obconical, umbilicately truncate; peduncle soli- tary, 1-flowered, compressed ; calyx 4-cleft. 4%. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Truncate Fig-marigold. Pl. 1 to 2 inches. 13 M. resricuza‘re (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 181.) plant stem- less; leaves 4-8, white, smooth, semi-terete, ovate or parabolic, expanded. 2%. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. testiculare, Thunb. fl. cap. p. 412. Hew. obs. 133. syn. 205. exclusive of variety 8 and y, misc. 24. rev. 85. Flowers ~ white. Testicular Fig-marigold. Fl. Nov. Clt. 1774. Pl. 1 inch. 14 M. ocrorny’ttum (Haw. rev. p. 85.) plant stemless ; leaves 6-8, white, smooth, rather erectish, convex beneath, flat above, u.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. testiculare y, Haw. mise. p. 24. M. testiculare B et y, Haw. syn. 205. M. testiculare 3, Sims, bot. mag. 1573. Flowers yellow, and when expanded they are 8 or 10 lines in diameter. alyx 6-cleft, furnished with two leaf-formed bracteas at the base. According to the Prince de Salm-Dyck, this is merely a variety of M. testiculdre. Eight-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Nov. Clt. 1819. Pl. 4 ft. 15 M. osru'sum (Haw. misc. 25. syn. 206. rev. 86.) plant green, almost stemless ; leaves unequal, semi-terete, acinaciform, obtuse ; flowers almost sessile ; calyx 6-lobed. 2%.D. G. Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. M. fissoides, Haw. obs. 135. Old stem 2 inches high. Flowers pale red, bibracteate at the ‘ase; petals an inch long. Styles 6. Blunt Fig-marigold. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1792. Pl. 4 ft. 16 M. rr’ssum (Haw. obs. 134. misc. 25. syn. 205. rev. 86.) plant almost stemless; leaves equal, half-terete, very blunt, glaucescent, u.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. stem 1 or 2 inches high; branchlets very short, and alter- nate. Flowers unknown. Cleft Fig-marigold. Clt. 1776. Pl. 4 foot. l - DIGITIFO’RME (Thunb. fl. cap. p. 412.) plant stemless ; Kia 3-4, terete, smooth, obtuse ; flowers sessile, solitary, axil- A XX%+ D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. igitatum, Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 181. Flowers white, according = Thunberg. Leaves alternate. Perhaps belonging to a dif- erent section, Finger-shaped Fig-marigold. Clt. 1775. Pl. 1 inch. §3. Moniliformia (from monile, a bracelet, and forma, form ; appearance of stems). Haw. and Salm-Dyck, l. c. Stems very short, moniliform, leafless in the summer. The two first leaves a even to the apez, and deciduous; the two following leaves elongated, and joined at the base, marcescent,and deciduous. Calyx I. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM. 127 4-6-cleft, and is, as well as the leaves, full of crystalline pa- pule. Stigmas 7-8. 18 M. pisiro’RMe (Haw. misc. 23. syn. 205. rev. 93.) leaves full of crystalline papule ; the first two united into the form of a pea; the following 2 semi-terete; caudex much branched, and very dwarf. y.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. The first leaves are produced in autumn, and the second in win- ter. Flowers unknown. Pea-formed Fig-marigold. Clt. 1796. PI. 1 inch, 19 M. moniuiro’rmeE (Haw. obs. 132. misc. 24. syn. 207. rev. 93.) first leaves joined into a spherical form; the following ones half-terete, subulate, very long, green, and somewhat recurved. 4. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. ‘Thunb. fl. cap. p. 413. Peduncles 2 inches long, terminal. Calyx 4-cleft. Petals snow white. Styles 7, ex Haw. Necklace-formed Fig-marigold. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1791. Pl. 4 foot. § 4. Aloidea (plants resembling Aloe in habit). D. C. prod. 8. p.419. Aloidea and Magnipincta, Ham. rev. p. 86. and 87. Ringéntia intègra, Salm-Dyck. obs. p. 20. Plants stemless. Leaves triquetrous, gradually thickened towards the apex, having the carinal angle gibbous; the two superior ones entire. Flowers central, sessile, yellow. 20 M. xo'sire (Haw. in phil. mag. 1823. p. 381.) plant rather caulescent; leaves coarsely and triquetrously clavate, obtuse, somewhat recurved, rather concave above, marked by large elevated tubercles. 2%.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers large, sessile, opening before meridian, yellow, scentless, bibracteate at the base. Calyx 6-cleft, according to Salm-Dyck. Noble Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. Pl. 4 foot. 21 M. macniru'nctum (Haw. rev. p. 86.) plant stemless ; leaves perfect, usually about 4, large, clavately triquetrous, very thick, glaucescent, flat above, keeled beneath, obtuse at the apex, marked with very large and numerous dots. 2%. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. magnipunctatum, Haw. suppl. p. 87. Flowers yellow, sessile. Large-dotted Fig-marigold. Clt. 1822. Pl. } foot. 22 M.ca‘num (Haw. obs. p. 158. misc. 25. syn. 219. rev. 87. but not of Salm-Dyck,) plant stemless; leaves hoary, semi- terete at the base, attenuated, gibbously keeled at the apex. 2. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Very like M. mag- nipiinctum, but is easily distinguished by its hoary aspect. Flowers unknown. Hoary Fig-marigold. Clt. 1795. PI. 1 to 2 inches, 23 M. atoipes (Haw. suppl. 88. rev. 87.) plant stemless ; leaves entire, semi-terete, green, marbled with white dots, acute upwards, rather concave above, carinately triquetrous at the apex. %. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Old plant tufted; root fusiform. Flowers sessile, central, yellow, middle-sized. Perhaps the same as M. compdctum, no. 86. Per- haps M..,aloides, Burch. trav. afr. 2. p. 332. Aloe-like Fig-marigold. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1819, PI. 4 foot. § 5. Albindta (from albus, white, and nota, a mark ; plants marked with white). Haw. in phil. mag. Aug. 1826. p. 126. Plants almost without stems, tufted. Roots perennial. Leaves decussate, entire, obliquely incurved, green, spreading, full of large tubercular white dots, semi-terete at the base, acinaciformly triquetrous at the apex, or nearly equal-sided, more or less muero- nulated. Flowers central, solitary, sessile, yellow. Stamens erectly spreading, as in those of section Ringéntia. 24 M. axprnotum (Haw. in phil, mag. Aug. 1826. p. 126.) leaves acinaciformly triquetrous upwards, with a recurved 128 FICOIDE Æ. mucrone, full of scattered, rather elevated whitish dots. 0 D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers yellow. White-marked Fig-marigold. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1824. Pl. 4ft. 25 M. arsreuncra‘tum (Haw. l. c.) leaves semi-terete, beset with white tubercular dots. %.D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers yellow. Very like M. albindtum, but the leaves are twice or thrice smaller, and more numerous. There is also a larger variety of this species mentioned by Haworth. White-dotted Fig-marigold. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1824. PI. 4ft. § 6. Ringéntia (from ringens, gaping ; appearance of the two upper leaves of the plants). Haw. syn. p. 216. phil. mag. 64. p: 110. Spreng. syst. p. 515. D. C. prod. 3. p. 419.—Ringéntia ciliata, Salm-Dyck.—Ringéntia et Scapigera, Ham. rev. p. 87, 88. Plants stemless. Leaves triquetrous, gradually thickening to the top or gibbous, usually ciliately toothed, without papule. Floners yellon, opening after meridian. Calyx 4-5-cleft. Stig- mas 4-5. 26 M. mustexti'num (Salm-Dyck and Haw. suppl. p. 87. rev. p. 89.) plant almost stemless, green, full of pellucid dots ; leaves triquetrous, gradually thickening towards the apex, cili- ately toothed, pustulately gibbous on the inside at the base; flowers on short pedicels; calyx 4-cleft. 4. D.G. Nativeof the Cape of Good Hope. Salm-Dyck, obs. 1820. p. 9. Flowers yellow, expanding in the evening, sweet-scented. Weasel-chop Fig-marigold. Clt.1820. Pl. 4 foot. 27 M. exmininum (Haw. in phil. mag. Aug. 1826. p. 126.) plant almost stemless, glaucous; leaves wrinkled from large dots ; margins with short teeth at the apex. ¥/.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Herb densely tufted. Flowers solitary, terminal, yellow, opening in the evening, Nearest allied to M. murinum. Var. 3, magus (Haw. |. c.) corolla yellow, red at the apex. Ermine-chop Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1824. Pl. 4ft. 28 M. acninum (Haw. in phil. mag. Aug. 1826. p. 126.) plant almost stemless, canescent, wrinkled from dots; leaves semi-terete, serrulated from elevated dots, and hence somewhat toothed, pustulate on the inside at the base. 4. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves with a large white pustule on the inside at the base. Flowers sessile, solitary, central, ex- panding in the evening. Var. B ; plant a little smaller ; teeth of leaves more obscure. Var. y; leaves more erect, entire. Lamb-chop Fig-marigold. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1824. Pl. 4 ft. 29 M. murinum (Haw. obs. p. 165. mise, p. 30. syn. 217. rev. 90. phil. mag. 64. p. 111.) plant almost stemless, glaucous ; leaves ciliately denticulated, 3 rows on each side, and full of tubercular dots, with the margins and keel ciliately denticulated at the apex ; flower sessile. 2.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers small, yellow. Styles 5, very short, erect, green, a little thickened towards the apex. Mouse-chop Fig-marigold. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1790. Pl. + ft. 30 M. retinum (Haw. obs. p. 161. misc. p- 31. syn. p. 216. rev. p. 89.) plant stemless, glaucescent ; leaves ciliated with long teeth, obsoletely dotted, cartilaginously keeled at the apex, full of pellucid dots when examined by the light ; flowers sessile. 4%. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. D.C. pl. grass. t. 158.—Dill. hort. elth. f. 220. M. ringens ĝ, Lin. spec. p. 698. Flowers yellow, expanding after meridian. Styles 5, fili- form, equal in length tothe stamens. Cat-chop Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1730. Pl. 4ft. 31 M. turixum (Haw. in phil. mag. 64. p- 111.) plant stem- less; leaves glaucescent, marginal ciliæ very long, and very numerous. 2. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Very like M., felinum, but differs according to Salm-Dyck in the I. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM. leaves being narrower, more attenuated, and in the cilie being longer and more numerous, but probably it is only a mere variety of it. Wolf-chop Fig-marigold. Pl. } foot. 32 M. ticrinum (Haw. obs. p. 164. misc. p. 21. syn. 216, rev. p. 89.) plant stemless, greenish ; leaves stem-clasping, ovate- cordate, expanded, marbled with white, flat above, ciliated with long hairs, cartilaginously keeled at the apex ; flowers sessile. 1. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Ker. bot. reg. t 280. Flowers yellow, expanding after meridian, large, central. Styles 4, filiform, equal in length to the stamens. Tiger-chop Fig-marigold. Fl. Sept. Nov. Clt. 1790. Pl. 1 foot. * 33 M. caninum (Haw. obs. p. 159. syn. 217. rev. p. 87.) plant almost stemless; leaves glaucous, carinately triquetrous, rather club-shaped, incurved towards the apex, and somewhat toothed, as well as the bracteas ; peduncles longer than the leaves. 4%. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. D.C. pl. grass. t. 95.—Dill. elth. f. 231.—Bradl. succ. t. 17. M. rín- gens a, Lin. spec. 698. Flowers of a yellowish orange-colour, opening after meridian. Dog-chop Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1717. Pl. 4 ft. 34 M. vurrìxum (Haw. syn. p. 417. rev. p. 88.) plant almost stemless; leaves glaucous, carinately triquetrous, rather club- shaped, with large teeth at the apex or entire; old leaves hori- zontal; bracteas entire ; peduncles longer than the leaves. J. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. caninum , Haw. mise. p. 32. Very like M. caninum, but taller, and the leaves are longer and greener, with fewer teeth. It is, however, perhaps only a variety of it. Flowers yellow. Fox-chop Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1795. Pl. 4 ft. 35 M. ny’sripum (Haw. syn. 218. rev. p. 88.) plant stemless, smooth, white; leaves semi-terete, entire, carinately triquetrous above, and a little thickened, ending in a recurved mucrone each, 2%.D.G. Raised in the gardens from the seeds of M. albidum, impregnated by the pollen of M. caninum. Hybrid Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Oct. PI. 4 foot. 36 M. muscuzinum (Haw. in phil. mag. nov. 1826. p. 328.) margins and keel of leaves usually bearing but one tooth each; branches prostrate, half a foot long. %. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers yellow, opening in the morning; scentless. This plant is very like M. murinum, but differs in the prostrate branches, and in the teeth of the leaves being fewer. It comes perhaps nearest in habit to M. ermininura, but differs, in the petals being a line broad, not capillaceous. Little-mouse-chop Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824 Pl. prostrate. § 7. Rostrata (from rostrum, a beak). Haw. syn. p. 211. Salm- Dyck, obs. bot. 1820. p. 20. Plants stemless or nearly 8% Leaves 4-6, erectish, connate, semi-terete, attenuated, rather keeled, and somewhat denticulated at the apex. Flowers solitary, pedunculate, yellow. Calyx 4-8-cleft. Stigmas 8-12. 37 M. a'rgivum (Lin. spec. p- 699.) plant stemless, smooth, whitish ; leaves thick, subulate, triquetrous, obtuse, with am acumen, but semi-terete at the base : all quite entire. 14. D. 2, Native of the Cape of Good Hope.— Dill. hort. elth. f. e Bradl. succ. t. 43. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1824. Haw. rev. P ; Flowers large, yellow, opening early in the morning, but pt wards remaining expanded through the whole day, det scented. Stigmas 11. This plant is intermediate between t ; section Ringéntia and Rostràta. 1 foots White Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1714. PI. 3 15 38 M. penticuta‘tum (Haw. obs. 149. misc. 30. syn. p. ai rev. 91.) plant stemless; leaves very glaucous, subulately quetrous, compressed, dilately keeled at the apex ; keel us FICOIDE Æ. denticulated ; scape bibracteate, 1-flowered ; styles 15. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. colour, 3 inches in diameter. Var. a, canum (Haw. obs. 149.) leaves canescent from minute down. Var. Ì3, glaúcum (Haw. obs. p. 151.) leaves glaucous-white, rather dilated at both ends, a little toothed. : Var. y, candidissimum (Haw, |. c.) leaves white, elongated, a little toothed, compressed on both sides. Denticulated Fig-marigold. Fl. April. Clt. 1793. Pl. 2 ft. 39 M. rosu'stum (Haw. misc. p. 28. syn. 211. rev. p. 91.) stem robust, a little branched, short, decumbent; leaves obtuse, dotted, subulate, pustulate inside at the base. XY. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers unknown. Robust Fig-marigold. Clt. 1795. Pl. 4 foot. 40 M. compa’crum (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 191.) plant stem- less ; leaves connate, dotted, semi-terete, triquetrous at the apex, rather reflexed, acute ; flowers sessile ; calyx subcylindrical, 6- cleft. Y%.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Haw. syn, 211. rev. 91. Flowers yellow. A very doubtful species, and probably the same as M. nóbile, no. 20. Compact Fig-marigold. Fl. Nov. Clt.1780. Pl. 2 foot. 41 M. quapriripum (Haw. misc. 28. syn. 212. rev. 91.) plant almost stemless, at length branched ; leaves subulate, ob- tuse, hoary-glaucous, marked by a few dots towards the apex ; scape terminal, 1-flowered, longer than the leaves ; calyx 4-cleft. %. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Old stems 2-3 inches long. Flowers yellow. Styles about the length of the stamens. Four-cleft Fig-marigold. Fl. Nov. Clt. 1795. Pl. 4 foot. 42 M. zi'ripum (Haw. mise. p. 29. syn. 212. rev. p. 92.) plant almost stemless; leaves subulate, glaucous, obtuse, with many dots; scape nearly terminal, 1-flowered: calyx bifid. %.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers yellow. Lobes of calyx 2, unequal. Allied to M. quadrifidum, but weaker, and the leaves are shorter and blunter. Bifid Vig-marigold. Fl. Nov. Clt.1795. Pl. 4 foot. 43 M. prpracrea‘trum (Haw. syn. p. 215. rev. 92.) plant almost stemless, branched ; leaves elongated, subulate, dotted, very glaucous ; bracteas 4, decussate, shorter than the scape; calyx 5-cleft. 2%. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Very like M. rostratum. Flowers yellow, expanding in the sun. Styles 10, subulate, erect, length of stamens. Bibracteate Fig-marigold. Fl. April, Nov. Clt. 1803. Pl. 3 ft. 44 M. purpura’scens (Salm-Dyck, obs. bot. ann. 1822.) plant almost stemless, branched ; leaves dotted, smooth, gibbous Inside at the base, of a bluish glaucous-colour, obtuse, and trique- trous at the apex; keel usually extended ; sheaths purplish. Y. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Purplish Fig-marigold. Pl. } foot. 45 M. rostra‘rum (Lin. spec. p. 696.) plant stemless ; leaves subulate, elongated, acute, dotted ; bracteas 2, longer than the Scape ; calyx 4-cleft. %. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.—Dill. elth. f. 229. without a flower. Haw. obs. P: 152. Misc. 29, syn. 214, rev. 92. Flowers yellow, expanding in the sun. Styles very short, approximate. Var, (3, tuberculàtum (Mill. dict. ed. 8. no. 32.) leaves tuber- cular on the outside. Beaked Fig-marigold. Fl. April. Clt. 1742. Pl. 4 foot. 46 M. ramuròsum (Haw. misc. 29. syn. 215, rev. p. 92.) Young plant nearly stemless ; old stem 3 inches high, branched, and decumbent; leaves subulate, obtuse, pustulate inside at the base : when old expanded ; scape terete, bracteate at the hese ; calyx 5-cleft, y. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. - Tostratoides, Haw. obs. 154. Flowers yellow. This is the smallest of all the section. VOL. Ir. YD: Flowers pale straw- I. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM. 129 Small-branched Fig-marigold. Fl. March, Nov. Clt. 1791. Pl. 4 foot. §. 8. Linguæfórmia (from lingua, a tongue, and forma, a form ; shape of leaves). Ham. misc. p. 32. rev. p. 93. Salm- Dyck, obs. 18. Plants stemless or nearly so. Leaves more or less tongue-shaped, flat above, and convex beneath, soft, and shin- ing. Flowers solitary, large, sessile, or pedunculate. Calyx usually 4-cleft, rarely 5-cleft. Petals shining, yellow, broadish. Stigmas 8, rarely 10. Capsule 8-10-celled. * Disticha (from ĉıorıyoc, distichos, having two rows, a distich ; leaves disposed exactly in two opposite rows). Haw. mise. p. 32. —Linguæfórmia, Haw. rev. p. 93.—Glossoùdea, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 514. Leaves exactly distich—Perhaps all the plants con- tained in this division are nothing more than varieties of one species, and probably of garden origin. The whole havc been collected under the name of M. linguæfórme in Lin. spec. p. 699. and D. C, pl. grass. no. 71. 47 M. scarrra`rum (Haw. obs. p. 187. misc. p. 32. syn. p. 220. rev. p. 94.) plant stemless; leaves sloped down much, scal- prate, very broad, one of the margins thicker than the other, pustulate inside at the base; flowers sessile. %. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.—Dill. elth. f. 224. M. obliquum, Willd. spec. 2. p. 1027. ex Salm-Dyck, obs. 1820. p. 19. M. linguæfórme a, Lin. spec. p. 669. Flowers yellow. Knife-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1714. Pl. 1 foot. ora FRA GRAYS (Salm-Dyck, obs. 1820. p. 8.) plant almost stemless; leaves tongue-shaped, thick, one side rather convex. and obtuse at the apex, the other side thrown out into a keel; flower on a short peduncle. %. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Haw. rev. p. 95. Hoffmans. verz. 1. p. 220. Otto et Link, abb. gew. t. 43. Flowers fragrant, yellow, 3 inches in diameter. Calyx 5-cleft. Allied to M. scalpratum, but the leaves are narrower and thicker. Fragrant Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Pl. foot. 49 M. prepineve (Haw. obs. 179. misc. p. 35. syn. p. 222. rev. p. 95.) plant stemless ; leaves obliquely tongue-shaped, pale green, very soft, when young ciliated with pubescence, ending in an incurved point at the apex; flowers nearly sessile; calyx 4- cleft. 4%. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Willd. enum. p. 529. M. heterophyllum, Andr. bot. rep. t. 540.? but not of Haw. Capsule 8-celled, conically depressed. Old stem half a foot long, procumbent. Flowers yellow. Very-fat-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl, Aug. Oct. Pl. 4 foot. 50 M. cranpir1orvM (Haw. in phil. mag, nov. 1826. p. 328.) leaves broad tongue-shaped, long, thick, having a large pustule on the inside at the base; petals very broad. 2%. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers yellow, almost scentless, large, sessile; petals 3-4 lines broad. Leaves 3% inches long, and 15 lines broad. Capsule subconical. This is the largest species in the present section. Var. B (Haw. 1. c.) leaves deeper green. Great-flowered Fig-marigold. Fl. July. Clt. 1824. Pl. 3 ft. 51 M. me‘p1um (Haw. suppl. p. 88. rev. p. 95.) plant almost stemless ; leaves tongue-formed, sloping, cultrate, deep green, without any claw-like point at the apex; peduncles longer than the flowers. 2%. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves 4 inches long, and an inch broad. Peduncles an inch long. Flowers yellow. Middle Fig-marigold. -Fl. Aug. Oct. Pl. 4 to 4 foot. 52 M.cuttra'tum (Salm-Dyck, obs. 1820. p. 7.) plant almost. stemless ; leaves distich, exactly tongue-shaped, cultrate at the margin and apex; peduncles compressed, rather Jonger than the Cit. 1792. 130 FICOIDE Æ. flowers; calyx 5-cleft. 2. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Haw. rev. p.95. Leaves 3-4 inches long. Petals ofa shining yellow above, and reddish beneath. Cultrate-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Oct. Pl. 4 foot. 53 M. téneum (Haw. obs. p. 177.) plant stemless; leaves elongated, tongue-shaped, shining, deep green; flowers pedicel- Clit. 1820. late. Y%. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.—Dill. elth. f. 227. M. lingueeférme 6, Lin. spec. p. 699. D.C. pl. grass. t.71. M. lucidum, Haw. rev. p. 95. Flowers yellow. Var. B, fldccidum (D. C. prod. 3. p. 421.) flowers almost ses- sile. M. longum a, Haw. rev. 96. M. depréssum, Sims, bot. mag. t. 1866. Long-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1725. Pl. 4ft. 54 M. anscr’npens (Haw. syn. 220. rev. p. 96.) plant stem- less; leaves broadly tongue-shaped, very blunt, ascending, green ; flowers pedunculate. %. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers yellow. Probably only a variety of M. lóngum. Ascending Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Nov. Clt, 1805. Pl. 4ft. 55 M. rusrura`rum (Haw. suppl. p. 88. rev. p. 96.) plant stemless; leaves tongue-shaped, ascending, elongated, furnished with large pustules on the inside at the base. %.D.G. Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves 5-6 inches long, and 3-11 lines broad. Flowers yellow. Blistered Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1818. Pl. 4 foot. 56 M. rincuxrorme (Haw. obs. p. 188. misc. p. 33. syn. p. 221. rev. p. 97.) plant stemless ; leaves unequally tongue-shaped, thick, green, keeled on one side; flower on a very short pedun- cle; calyx 4-cleft. 2%. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.—Dill. elth. f. 226. M. lingueeforme y, Lin. spec. 669. M. obliquum, Pers. but not of Haw. Flowers yellow. Var. B, ruféscens (Haw. syn. p. 221.) leaves very closely im- bricated, rufescent. Tongue-formed-leaved Fig-marigold. 1732. PI. 3 foot. 57 M. ra`rum (Haw. obs. 186. misc. p. 32. syn. p. 220. rev. p- 98.) plant stemless; leaves tongue-shaped, green, obtuse, thick, usually sloping, and somewhat excavated ; flowers nearly sessile ; calyx 5-cleft ; capsule large, conical 2. D. G. Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope.—Dill. elth. f. 225. M. lin- guzeforme ß, Lin. spec. 699. Flowers yellow. Var. P, breve (Haw. rev. p. 99.) leaves short, very blunt, de- pressed on the ground ; capsule small, depressed. Broad-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Mar. Nov. Clt. 1620. Pl. i ft. 58 M. perrr'ssum (Haw. misc. p. 33. syn. 221. rev. 99.) plant almost stemless, prostrate; leaves pale, narrow-tongue- shaped, obtuse, recurved, depressed, variously incurved at the apex ; capsule depressed. 2/.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.—Dill. elth. f. 226.2 Flowers yellow. Var. P, lividum (Haw. 1. c.) leaves of a livid rufescent colour. Depressed Fig-marigold. Fl. Sept. Nov. Clt. 1795. Pl. 4 ft. Fl. Mar. Nov. Clt. * * Cruciata (from crux, a cross; leaves disposed crosswise more or less). Haw. syn. p. 222.—Crucidta and Difformia, Haw. rev. 100. and 101. Leaves more or less cruciate, usually obliquely decussate. 59 M. cructa‘rum (Haw. obs. p. 173. misc. 35. syn. 224, rev. 35.) plant nearly stemless; leaves linear-tongue-shaped, semi-cylindrical, very soft, cruciate ; peduncles 2-edged ; calyx 4-cleft. 24.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Old stems 3 inches high, Peduncles 1-2 inches. Corolla large, yellow. f Cross-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Nov. Clt. 1792. Pl. } ft. 60 M. raunrt'num (Haw. syn. p. 224. rev. 100.) plant almost stemless ; leaves disposed in 2 rows, obliquely cruciate, semi- 8 I. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM. terete, obtuse, very thick, of a yellowish green colour, incurved; flowers sessile; calyx bifid? %4. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Calycine segments unequal. Styles 8. Old stem branched at the base, half a foot high. Flowers yellow, Bull’s-horn Fig-marigold. Fl. Sept. Nov. Clt. 1795. Pl. ft, 61 M. Sa'rmu (Haw. suppl. p. 89. rev. p. 100.) plant nearly stemless ; leaves decussate, semi-cylindrical, attenuated and acute at the apex, or oblique and bluntish; flowers exactly sessile; calyx 4-cleft; capsule half closed. %. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Salm-Dyck. obs. bot. 1820. Link. et Otto. abb. gew. t. 44. Flowers large, yellow. Leaves pustulate at the base, according to Haworth. Var. B, semi-cruciatum (Salm-Dyck. l. c.) leaves obliquely distich, straight, and more tongue-shaped than the species. Salm-Dyck’s Fig-marigold. Fl. Sept. Nov. Clt. 1818. Pl. 4ft. 62 M. surre’crum (Haw. rev. p. 101.) leaves decussate, erectish, or spreading, more or less semi-terete, subulate, acute, soft, usually pustulate at the base; ovarium exserted, some- what pedunculate. 2%. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers yellow. Raised Fig-marigold. Fl. Sept. Nov. Clt. 1819. Pl. 2 ft. 63 M. neteropny’tium (Haw. obs. p. 420. misc. 36. syn. 225. rev. 101.) plant stemless; leaves green, difformed, with- out dots; upper ones the longest. %. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers yellow. Leaves obliquely cru- ciate: lower ones like those of M. cànum: upper ones like those of M. différme. Variable-leaved Fig-marigold. Clt. 1795. Pl. ġ foot. 64 M. ancu’stum (Haw. obs. 176. misc. p. 34. syn. 222, rev. p. 101.) plant almost stemless; leaves linear-tongue-shaped, semi-cylindrical, very long; flowers nearly sessile; calyx 4 cleft. 4.D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. | Flowers yellow, having the petals broader than any other species of this section. Calyx 4-cleft; stigmas 10, according to Haworth. Var. B, pallidum (Haw. rev. p. 101.) leaves paler, obliquely cruciate. Perhaps this plant appertains to M. heterophyllum. Andr. bot. rep. t. 540. : Narrow Fig-marigold. Fl. Mar. Oct. Clt. 1790. Pl4 fi, 65 M. pirrórme (Lin. spec. p. 669.) plant nearly stemless; leaves obliquely cruciate, long, semi-cylindrical, oblique, furnished with 1-2 obscure teeth at the apex; flowers nearly sessile; calyx 4-cleft. 2%.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.— Dill. elth. f. 242. Haw. obs. p. 169. misc. 35. sym 225. rev. p. 103. Old stems 2-3 inches long, decumbent Flowers large, yellow, fading to a copper colour. Styles 8. Var. P, brevicatile (Haw. rev. p. 103.). Caudex shorter. Difformed Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1732. Pl. dee. 66 M. sicresEeRa‘tum (Haw. in phil. mag. nov. 1825. p. $29.) leaves obliquely somewhat cruciate, semi-cylindrical, pale gree® varying at the apex, usually with 2 gibbosities; capsule de pressed. 2%.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Very like M. différme, but smaller and slenderer. Flowers yakin i i Pe amen EET Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1820. +% z loot. 67 M. srpenta'rum (Haw. suppl. p. 89. rev. p. 103.) ie stemless; leaves semi-cylindrical, thick, soft, oblique at : apex, and difformed, bearing 2 large, almost opposite, fleshy teeth in the middle. 2%. D. G. Native of the Cape of G Hope. Flowers large, yellow, on short peduncles; pet erosely toothed at the apex. Capsule a little depressed.— ie figure in Dill. hort. elth. f. 241. is referrible to this plant and to the next. i‘ Bidentate-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1818. Plz 68 M.semicytrnpricum (Haw. obs. p. 238. misc. p- 5° § is 225. rev. 103.) plant rather caulescent ; leaves very oad tongue-shaped, semi-terete, oblique towards the apex, furni FICOIDEZ. with 1 obsolete tooth on one side, and another stronger one on the other; flowers on short pedicels; calyx 4-cleft. 2. D. H. Native of the Cape pf Good Hope.—Pluk. mant. t. 325. f. 4. Flowers yellow, size of those of M. lingueférme. Styles 8. Semi-cylindrical-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Mar. Nov. Clt. 1732. Pl. 4 foot. § 9. Dolabriférmia (from dolabra, an axe or hatchet, and forma, form; shape of leaves). Salm-Dyck, obs. p. 19.—Dola- briformia and Carinéntia, Haw, rev. p. 90. Plants stemless, or on short stems. Leaves decussate, with a keeled gibbous angle. Flowers yellow. Calyx 5-cleft. Stigmas 5. Capsule 5-celled. 69 M. porasrirérme (Lin. spec. p- 699.) young plant stem- less, but as it grows old it becomes caulescent and erect ; leaves glaucous, dotted, exactly dolabriform, i. e. depressed at the base, and compressed at the apex, obtuse, and somewhat emarginate ; flowers on short pedicels. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.—Dill. hort. elth. f. 237. D. C. pl. grass. t. 6. Curt. bot. mag. t. 32. Haw. obs. p. 366. mise. p. 37. syn. 1. p. 219. Flowers yellow, opening in the evening. Styles 5, filiform, longer than the stamens. Var. B, minus (Haw. 1.c.). M. dolabriformoides, Haw. obs. 168. Hatchet-form-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Nov. Clt. 1705. Pl. 4 foot. 70 M. cart'nans (Haw. rev. p. 90.) plant nearly stemless ; leaves elongated, somewhat incurved and spreading, semiterete at the base, compressed at the apex, and dilated intoa keel, whitish and dotted. %. D.G. Native country and flowers un- known. M. canum, Salm-Dyck. obs. p. 20. but not of Haw. Flowers by threes, yellow, expanding in the evening. Very like M. dolabriférme. Keeling Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1818. PI. 3 ft. 71 M. sca’picer (Haw. in phil. mag. dec. 1824. p. 423.) plant almost stemless ; leaves carinately triquetrous, green, roughish and dotted on the margins; scape strong, 2-edged, bracteate, rather panicled. D Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flower middle-sized, yellow. Calyx 5-cleft. 5, slender. Scape-bearing Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1823. Pl. 4 foot. § 10. Gibbosa (from gibbosus, crooked-backed or bunched ; back of some of the leaves). Ham. rev. p. 104.—Abbreviata, Haw, misc. 1. p. 86.—Inequif dlia gibbosa, Salm-Dyck. obs. p. 18. Plants nearly stemless. Leaves difformed, connate a great way at the base, large, unequal, one of which is short and gib- bous, the other usually oblique. Flowers sessile, or on short pedi- cels, small, reddish. Calyx 6-cleft. Stigmas 6. 72 M. crssdsum (Haw. obs. p. 137. mise. p. 36. rev. p. 104.) plant nearly stemless ; leaves connate, difformed, of a yellowish green colour, spreading, ovate, semi-cylindrical, very rarely keeled at the apex ; peduncles short, 2-edged. 4%.D.G. Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Petals reddish, with paler edges. Stigmas 6, very short. Calyx 6-lobed ; lobes unequal. Gibbous-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Jan. Apr. Clt. 1780. Pl. 3 ft. 73 M. xu'rE0-virme (Haw. syn. p. 226. rev. p. 104.) stem short, prostrate, weak; leaves connate, oblong, semi-cylindrical, tmquetrous at the apex, greenish-yellow ; flowers sessile. YU. : G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. perviride p, Haw. misc. p. 37. Stem 1-2 inches. Calyx 6-cleft. Styles 6, very short, at length spreading. Petals reddish, marked by a deeper line each, Perhaps only a variety of M. perviride. Yellowish-green Fig-marigold. Fl. Jan. Cit. 1795. Pl. 3 ft. 74 M. prrvi’rwe (Haw. obs. p. 136. misc. p. 37. exclusive of var. B, syn. p- 227. rev. 104.) stem weak, prostrate ; leaves connate, semi-cylindrically triquetrous, or somewhat ovate, very Steen; pedicels very short, 2-edged. 2%. D. G. Native of Stigmas I. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM. 131 Calyx small, 6-cleft. Petals reddish, the Cape of Good Hope. Styles 6, much spreading, paler than those of M. gibbdsum. length of filaments. Stem 2-3 inches long. Leaves shorter and broader than in M. liteo-viride. Very-green Fig-marigold. Fl. Jan. Aug. Clt. 1792. PI. pr. 75 M. rusr'’scens (Haw. obs. p. 138. misc. 187. syn. 227. rev. p. 104.) plant almost stemless ; leaves pubescent, hoary, or silky, smooth, semi-cylindrical, oblique at the apex. XY. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers unknown. The form of the plant agrees with the 2 preceding species, but differs in being silky or downy. Pubescent Fig-marigold. Fl. Jan. May. Cit. 1792. Pl, 4 ft. § 11. Calamiformia (from calamus, a reed, and forma, form ; long taper leaves). Haw. rev. p, 104. Plants almost stemless. Leaves numerous, nearly terete, greenish, dotted. Flowers on short peduncles, of a dirty white colour, Calyx 5-cleft. Stigmas 8. 76 M. catamirérme (Lin. spec. 690.) stemless; leaves su- bulate, nearly terete, glaucescent, dotted, Hat above ; flowers on short peduncles. %. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.—Bradl. suce. f. 19.—Dill. elth. f. 228. D.C. pl. grass. t. 5. Haw. obs. p. 140. misc. p. 26. syn. 208. rev. 105. Ca- lyx 5-cleft, with 3 of the lobes fleshy, and 2 of them membra- nous. Petals whitish. Stigmas 8, acute. Capsule 8-celled. Reed-shaped-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Jul. Sept. Cit. 1717. Pl. + foot. 77 M. ossusuza‘tum (Haw. mise. 26. syn. 208. rev. p. 105.) stemless; leaves inversely subulate, or gradually thickening towards the apex, thick, obtuse, greenish. .D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers unknown. Very like M. calamiforme. Obsubulate-leaved Fig-marigold. Clt. 1796. § 12. Teretifolia (from teres, cylindrical, and folium, a leaf). Haw. rev. p. 105. Plants stemless or subcaulescent. Leaves nearly terete, greenish, dotted. Flowers pedunculate, showy, very palered. Calyx 4-cleft. Stigmas 12. 78 M. cyt’Npricum (Haw. obs. p. 411. misc. 27. syn. p. 209. rev. p. 102.) plant almost stemless ; leaves triquetrously terete, rather glaucous, dotted, but when young more glaucous and more triquetrous; peduncles compressed at the base, bi- bracteate. 2%. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves 3 inches long. Peduncles 1-2 inches long, Bracteas filiform. Old stems 2 inches long, crowdedly branched. Flowers red. Cylindrical-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Feb. Sept. Clt. 1792. Pi: L foot, 79 M. rerETIròLIUM (Haw. syn. p. 210. rev. p. 105.) plant subeaulescent ; leaves nearly terete or cylindrical, greenish, ra- ther dotted: but when young polished, very green, and semi- terete; peduncle nearly terete, bibracteate. 2%. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. cylindricum ßB, Haw. mise. p. 37. Branches procumbent. Bracteas filiform. Leaves 4 inches long. Flowers red. Terete-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Feb. Sept. Clt.1794. Pl. 1 foot. * 80 M. TERETIV'SCULUM (Haw. obs. 410. misc. 27. exclusive of the synonymes) plant stemless; leaves triquetrously terete, firm, thick, green, dotted. %. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves 2 inches long. Flowers unknown, but probably red. Nearly terete-leaved Fig-marigold. Clt. 1794. PJ. 4 foot. § 18. Bellidjflora (from bellis, a daisy, and flos, a flower ; the flowers bear some resemblance to those of the daisy). Haw. rev. p. 106. Plants stemless or caul t. Leaves triquetrous, s 2 Pl. 4 foot. 132 FICOIDEE. acute at the angles, toothed at the apex. Flowers solitary, pe- dicellate. Petals purple on the ribs and white on the margins. Calyx 5-cleft. Capsule 5-celled. Stigmas numerous, small, hair-formed. 81 M. BELLIDIFLÒRUM (Lin. spec. p. 690.) caudex short, suf- fruticose ; leaves triquetrous, compressed, rather acinaciform, denticulated at the apex; pedicels short. Y%.D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Petals red and white. Var. B, glaucéscens (Haw. rev. p. 105.) leaves rather glau- cous, with the teeth in 3 rows at the apex.—Dill. elth. f. 233. Var. y, viride (Haw. rev. p. 105.) leaves pale green, toothed beneath on the keel. Daisy-flowered Fig-marigold. Pl. 4 foot. 82 M. susuLra`rum (Mill. dict. ed. 8. no. 10.) caudex branched ; leaves rather glaucous, triquetrously subulate, denticulated at the apex. %. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Haw. syn. 208. M. bellidiflòrum simplex, D. C. pl. grass. t. 41. Flowers reddish. The plantis very like M. bellidiflòrum, but is much smaller and more branched. Subulaie-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt.? Pl. 4ft, 83 M. Burma’nni (Haw. rev. p. 106.) floriferous stems erect, simple ; leaves triquetrous, with 3 rows of teeth at the apex ; pedicels rather elongated. %. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.—Burm. afr. t. 25. This species is hardly. known. Burmann’s Fig-marigold. Pl. 4 foot. Fl. June, Aug. Clit. 1717. § 14. Acùta (from acutus, acute; leaves acute). Haw. rev. 107. Plants stemless or nearly so. Leaves semiterete, su- bulate, incurved, triquetrous at the apex, green, full of pellucid dots. Flowers pedicellate ; petals deep purple. Calyx 5 cleft. Stegmas 10 ? 84 M. acu rum (Haw. misc. p. 26. syn. 207. rev. 107.) plant stemless ; leaves semi-cylindrical, acute, green, full of pellucid dots, finely wrinkled. 2. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. subulatoides, Haw. obs. p. 141. M. subrostratum, Willd. enum. p. 529. ex Haw. Allied to M. diminitum, but larger. Scape bibracteate at the base; bracteas filiform. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals purple, cleft at the apex. Stigmas 10, length of filaments. Acute-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Apr. Nov. Clt. 1793. Pl. 2 ft. 85 M. pvuncra‘tum (Haw. obs. p. 411. rev. p. 107.) plant smooth, stemless ; leaves semiterete, triquetrous at the top, flat above, full of pellucid dots, pale green, furnished with a minute white point at the apex. ¥. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers unknown, Perhaps only a variety of M. diminitum. Dotted-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. April, Nov. Clt. 1793. PI. 4 foot. 86 M. pmınu`ru{m (Haw. misc. p. 26. syn. p. 230. rev. 107.) plant nearly stemless, smooth, shining ; leaves semiterete, trique- trous at the apex, flat above, full of pellucid dots, terminating in a white point at the apex. %. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. corniculatum, Haw. obs. p. 226. exclusive of the synonymes. M. loreum, Lin. spec. and Haw. exclusive of the synonyme of Dillenius ex Haw. Flowers red or purplish. Var. B, cauliculatum (Haw. suppl. 90. rev. 107.) stem half erect; leaves longer, and with larger dots, but is perhaps only an old plant. Diminished Fig-marigold. Fl. Apr. Clt. 1789. Pl. 1 ft. § 15. Macrorhiza (from paxpoc, makros, long, and pića, rhiza, a root; root large and tuberous). D. C. prod. 3. p. 425, Plant nearly stemless, Leaves opposite, connate, triquetrous, I. MresemBrYANTHEMUM. cronded. Flowers pedicellate, white. Calyx 5-cleft, having 2 of the lobes very long. Stigmas 5. Capsule subgloiose. 87 M. macroruizum (Haw. l. e. D. C. 1. c.) stem very short; root large, tuberous ; leaves connate, bluntly triquetrous, crowded, spreading ; branches erect, bent; flowers 1-3 together, nearly terminal, pedicellate. 2%. D. S. Native of the Island of Bourbon, among scoria near the sea. Stems 3 inches high. Flowers small, white, numerous. The leaves have an acrid taste when eaten, as those of Salsdla. La Lavangere, Comm. mss. and figure. Ficoide, De Pet. Th. mel. bot. p. 37. Large-rooted Fig-marigold. Fl. Ju. Jul. Cit. 1823. Pl. 4 ft. Susprviston II. CErHALOPHY'LLA (from xepadn, cephale, a head, and ¢vAdov, phyllon, a leaf; in reference to the leaves being collected in heads at the tops of the branches). Haw. 4 rev. 108. Stems suffruticose, decumbent. Leaves long, tri- quetrous, or nearly cylindrical, disposed in heads. Flowers pedunculate, yellow. Calyx 5-cleft. Stigmas 10-20.—This division is perhaps not very natural. § 16. Corniculata (from corniculdtus, horned; shape of leaves). Haw. rev. p. 108.—Prostrata, Haw. misc. p. 38. syn. 220.—Calamiférmia prostrata, Salm-Dyck. Caudex branched, prostrate, rather strumose at the knots, and nearly sarmenta- ceous. Leaves cronded at the nodi, elongated, triquetrous, or nearly cylindrical, glabrous, and without any papule. Flowers pedunculate, yellow. Calyx 5-cleft. Stigmas 10-20. Ovarium depressed. 88 M. toreum (Haw. syn. p. 229. rev. 108.) stems prostrate, rather nodose: adult ones nearly terete; leaves crowded in heads, semi-cylindrically triquetrous, elongated, recurved, ra- ther glaucous. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. —Dill. elth. f. 255. | Peduncles solitary, an inch and a half Jong, bibracteolate at the base. Flowers straw-coloured. Calyx 5-6- cleft. Styles 15-18. Var. B, congéstum (Haw. 1. c.) plant more greenish ; lower pair of leaves very long. Thong Fig-marigold. FI. Sept. Clt. 1732. Pl. pr. 89 M. piversiréxium (Haw. misc. p. 38. syn. p. 290. rev. p- 108.) stems prostrate, rather nodose: adult ones robust, a- gular, red, and yellow; leaves very long,. triquetrously semi- cylindrical, rather recurved, green, crowded in heads. hk: Natives of the Cape of Good Hope.—Dill. elth. f. 252, M. diversiphyllum, Haw. obs. p. 228. M. corniculatum p, Willd. Flowers pedunculate. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals of yellowish brown colour, striated by a red line on the outside. Styles 17. ex Haw. Var. a, glaúcum (Haw. |. c.) leaves rather glaucous. © f Var. ÌB, brevif dlium (Haw, 1. c.) leaves shorter than in any ° the other varieties. Var. y, læ te-virens (Haw. 1. c.) leaves pale green. Var. 6, atrovirens (Haw. |. c.) leaves dark green. Diverse-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Mar. Oct. Clt. 1726. Pl. pr. 90 M. vecr'prens (Haw. rev. p. 110.) stems prostrate; wit rather distant nodi; leaves rather crowded, long, arcuate y ascending, triquetrously semi-cylindrical, green, shining, p nutely and finely wrinkled. p. D.G. Native of the Cape 0 Good Hope. Flowers pale yellow. Deceiving Fig-marigold. Fl. May. Cl. 1820. Pi. pr. ir 91 M. pu‘stus (Haw. misc. p. 39. syn. 231. rev. 110.) ae prostrate, nearly terete, with the nodi contiguous ; leaves ri crowded, longish, triquetrously semi-cylindrical, ascen ing, green, shining; stigmas 12. h. D. Ġ. Native of the ora Good Hope.—Bradl. suce. t. 40. Petiv. gaz. TT. pies Leaves 2 inches long, but shorter than those of M. cormcu ie Peduncles terminal, shorter than the leaves. Petals sup | FICOLDER. coloured on the inside, and of an orange red colour on the outside. - Doubtful Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Nov. Clt. 1800. PI. pr. 92 M. cornicuxa‘tum (Lin. spec. 676.) stems spreading, an- gular, with distant nodi; leaves rather crowded, triquetrously semi-cylindrical, very long, glaucous, incurved ; stigmas 12-18. k.D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.—Dill. elth. f. 254, D.C. pl. grass. t. 108. Haw. misc. 39. syn. 231. rev. 110. Peduncles slender, length of leaves. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals yellow, with a red dorsal line. Stigmas purple. Cap- sule many-celled. Horned Fig-marigold. Fl. May. Clt. 1732. Pl. pr. § 17. Procumbéntia (procumbens, procumbent; plants). Haw. in phil. mag. dec. 1826. p. 329. Old stems procumbent. Leaves connate at the base, long, semiterete or cylindrical. 93 M. Procu’mBens (Haw. rev. 111.) stems flexuous, pro- cumbent; leaves by pairs, recurved, corniculate, semi-cylindri- cally triquetrous, glaucescent. h.D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. dibium, Salm-Dyck. obs. p. 22. Allied to M. tricolor, but the leaves are shorter and more expanded, &c. Procumbent Fig-marigold. Fl. Mar. May. Clt. 1820. Pl. pr. 94 M. rricoLorum (Haw. obs. 233. misc. 39. syn. 232. rev. 111.) stems prostrate ; branches distant; leaves exactly cylin- drical, acute, green ; stigmas 20, short, expanded. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. stramineum, Willd. enum, p. 533. ex Salm-Dyck. obs. p. 22. Flowers large, shin- ing. Petals straw-coloured, blood-coloured at the base ; anthers brown ; stigmas green. Three-coloured-flowered Fig-marigold. Fl. Apr. May. Clt. 1794, Pl. pr. 95 M. vureu'reo-a’tzum (Haw. in phil. mag. dec. 1826. p. 329.) branches short, angular, prostrate, furrowed, yellowish ; leaves green, triquetrously semi-cylindrical, full of little dots, upper ones crowded. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good dope. Peduncles filiform. Flowers showy ; petals white, po- lished, naked, with a broad, dark, purple line. Styles 10, reddish. ore and white-flowered Fig-marigold. FI. Aug. Clt. 1824. . pr. § 18. Capitàta (from capitatus, headed ; leaves crowded into heads at the top of the stems or branches). Haw. syn. 227. rev. 111. Salm-Dyck. obs. p. 30. Caudex erect, much branched. Leaves crowded at the tops of the branches, alternate, very long, triquetrous, or semi-terete, without either dots or papule. Flo- riferous branches disposed in something like whorls, decumbent. Peduncles bracteate at the base. Flowers large, yellow. Calyx 5-lobed ; lobes elongated. Petals ciliated at the base. Stigmas 10-20. The species are very nearly allied to each other. 96 M. pucionrrérme (Lin, spec. 699.) stem suffruticose, erectish ; branches few, terete, decumbent; leaves alternate, crowded at the tops of branches, glaucous, triquetrous ; petals shorter than the calyx ; stigmas 15, expanded. h. D.G. Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope.—Dill. elth. f. 269. Bradl. suce. t, 14. D.C. pl. grass. t. 82. Haw. misc. 42. syn. 218. rev. 112. Flowers large, pale yellow. Perhaps the flesh-co- loured and purple-flowered varieties mentioned in Breyn. cent. P- 164. belong to this species. Dagger-formed-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Sept. Cit. 1714. Shrub 1 foot. 97 M. caprra‘rum (Haw. misc. p. 41. syn. 228. rev. 112.) Stem simple, suffruticose, with the leaves alternate and crowded at its top, rather glaucous, and triquetrous ; petals length of calyx; stigmas 16, straight, setaceous. h.D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Ker. bot. reg. 494. M. pugioni- forme, Haw. obs. p. 390. Stem simple. Flowers pale yellow. I. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM. 133 Var. B, ramigerum (Haw, 1. c.) stem a little branched. Capitate Fig-marigold, FI. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1717. Sh. 1 ft. 98 M. srevicau’Le (Haw. suppl. p. 91. rev. 113.) caudex suffruticose, simple, erect, with the leaves alternate, greenish, triquetrous, and crowded at its apex. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Breyn. cent. p. 165. Much smaller than M. capitatum. Flowers pale yellow. Short-stemmed Fig-marigold. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1820. Sh. 4 ft. 99 M. corv’scans (Haw. suppl. 90. rev. 113.) stem shrubby ; leaves alternate, dagger-shaped, long, glittering, crowded at the top of the stem. h. D. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers yellow. Glittering Fig-marigold. F]. July, Sept. Clt. 1812. Sh. 1 ft. 100 M. z1onea‘rum (Haw. obs. p. 236, mise. p. 40. syn. p. 228. rev. p. 113.) stem weak, flexuous; leaves crowded at the top of the stem, alternate, rather glaucous, bluntly triquetrous, channelled or semiterete ; root large, tuberous, fleshy. h. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers yellow. Stiginas 12-19.. D. C. pl. grass. t. 72. Var. B, minus (Haw. l. c.) corolla a little smaller ; petals hardly ciliated. Ker. bot. reg. t. 493. Var. y, fusiforme (Haw. 1. c.) root fusiform. Breyn. cent. p. 33. M. fusiforme, Haw. misc. p. 41. Elongated Fig-marigold. Fl. May. Clt.1793. Sh. 1 foot. Suppivision II. Repra’nria (reptans, creeping; plants creeping). Haw. rev. p. 114. Stems suffrutescent, decumbent, creeping ; branches angular. Leaves opposite, connate at the base, acutely triquetrous. Flowers pedunculate, reddish except in M. ediile. Stigmas 5-20. § 19. Sarmentosa (from sarmentosus, full of twigs ; branches numerous and twiggy). Salm-Dyck. obs. 38. Ham. rev. p. 114. Stems shrubby, decumbent; branches rooting, sarmentaceous. Leaves opposite, connate, acutely triquetrous, dotted with serru- lated margins. Peduncles usually ternate, bibracteate. Flowers middle-sized, reddish, with a deeper. coloured dorsal line. Calyx 5-cleft. Stigmas 5. 101 M. creminiriorum (Haw. rev. 114.) stem shrubby, dif- fuse ; branches elongated, slender, creeping ; leaves triquetrous, nearly equal-sided, rather connate at the base, acute, and a little hooked at the apex, dotted; pedicels twin or tern; stig- mas 5. h.D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. geminatum, Jacq. fragm. t. 50. but not of Haw. Petals purple. Flowers hardly half an inch in diameter. Leaves 12-15 lines long, scabrous from elevated dots. Twin-flowered Fig-marigold. Clt. 1819. PI. creeping. 102 M. simre (Haw. rev. p. 115.) stems shrubby, firm, pro- cumbent; leaves triquetrous, equal-sided, glaucescent, full of very small dots, straight at the apex, longer than the internodes : margins not serrulated- h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers unknown. Allied to M. geminiflorum, but the branches are shorter; and to M. léxum, but the inter- nodes are shorter. Similar Fig-marigold. Clt. 1819. Pl. pr. 103 M. 1a’xum (Willd. enum, p. 536.) stem loose, diffuse, shrubby ; branches creeping, very slender ; leaves connate, com- pressed, triquetrous, more green than the others, tubercularly dotted, usually shorter than the internodes: with the margins and keel finely denticulated. h. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Haw. rev. 115. Flowers reddish. Loose Fig-marigold. Fl. May. Clt. 1820. PI. creeping. 104 M. sarmentosum (Haw. syn. 238. rev. 115.) stem shrubby, diffuse ; branches prostrate, rooting, sarmentaceous ; leaves crowded, compressed, triquetrous, pale green, roughish on the edges ; peduncles club-shaped above; stigmas 5. h.D.G. 134 FICOIDEZ. I. Native of New Holland. Branches short, opposite. Leaves 2 inches long. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals reddish, with a deeper- coloured line. Styles short, recurved at the apex, greenish yellow. Twiggy Fig-marigold. Fl. April. Clt.1805. Pl. pr. 105 M. rierpicau'Le (Haw. rev. p. 116.) stem firm, procum- bent, not pendulous; leaves long, triquetrous, equal-sided, straight, with roughish margins. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. The rest unknown. Stiffish-stemmed Fig-marigold. F]. May, Ju. Clt.1819. Pl. pr. 106 M. va‘tipum (Haw. in phil. mag. dec. 1826. p. 329.) leaves long, pale green, with roughish margins ; branches robust, stiff, decumbent ; flowers usually by threes; keel of bracteas entire. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers showy, rose-coloured, with a deeper coloured line in the middle. Strong Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Ju. Clt.1824. Pl. pr. 107 M. Scnérxir (Salm-Dyck. obs. 1820. p. 10. Haw. rev. p. 116.) stems firm, decumbent, sarmentose ; leaves connate, compressed, triquetrous, spreadingly recurved, dotted, serrulated on the lateral angles, and on the upper part of the keel; pedun- cles tern, bibracteate in the middle; stigmas 5. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. adúncum, Jacq. fragm. t. 51. f. 2. but not of Willd. M. recúrvum, Haw. suppl. p. 90. but not of Mæœnch. Petals reddish, acute, with a deeper-co- loured line in the middle of each. Scholl's Fig-marigold. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1810. Sh. dec. § 20. Humillima (from humillimus, very humble). Han. rev. p. 121.—Reptantia, Salm-Dyck. obs. p. 30.—Repténtia humillima, Haw. syn. p. 241. Stems suffruticose, and are as well as the branches humble, prostrate, and creeping, rooting at the joints. Leaves opposite, rather connate, triquetrous, usually crowded, with smooth margins. Flowers pedunculate, middle- sized, reddish. Calyx 5-cleft. Stigmas 5. 108 M. rr'Prans (Ait. hort. kew. vol. 2. p. 185.) stems filiform, very slender, creeping; leaves much crowded, trique- trous, acute, glaucous, scabrous from large pellucid dots. h. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers reddish. (ex Ait.), yellow (ex Salm-Dyck.), rarely flowering (ex Haw. obs. p. 349. misc. 80. syn. 212. rev. 121.). Creeping Fig-marigold. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1774. Pl. er. 109 M. crassiròLum (Lin. spec. p. 693.) stem semi-terete, creeping ; leaves triquetrous, dotless, very green, smooth, semi- cylindrical at the base ; peduncles a little compressed ; stigmas 5, spreading. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. —Dill. elth. f. 257.—Bradl. succ. t. 38. Haw. obs. 350. misc. 78. syn. 241. rev. 122, Flowers middle-sized, deep red. Peduncles 1-2 inches long. Calyx 5-cleft. Stigmas broad at the base, and subulate at the apex. Thick-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1727. Pl. er. 110 M. prsne (Haw. in phil. mag. dec. 1826. p. $31.) plant smooth; branches filiform, a little compressed; leaves crowded about the knots of the creeping stems, bluntly and aci- naciformly triquetrous, glaucescent. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. This species differs from M. réptans in being smooth, not rough. Flowers unknown. Weak Fig-marigold. Clt. 1824, Pl. creeping. 111 M. cravetra‘tum (Haw. mise. 79. syn. 242. rev. 122.) branches angular, creeping ; leaves crowded, expanded, obso- letely triquetrous, firm, clavate, very blunt, mucronulate, green ; peduncles rather compressed ; stigmas 5, very slender. PD G: Native of New Holland. Flowers like those of M. crassif ò- lium, but more beautiful and of a deeper red. Calyx 5-cleft ; stigmas setaceous, green. Small-club-leaved Fig-marigold. FI. June, Jul. Shrub creeping. Clt. 1803. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM. 112 M. austra`Le (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 187.) stems semi- terete, creeping ; leaves triquetrous, glaucescent, dotted, smooth, incurved ; peduncles bluntly 2-edged, bibracteate at the base ; stigmas 5, subulate. h. D. G. Native of New Holland. Flowers middle-sized, pale red. Calyx 5-cleft. Haw. obs. p, 349. misc. 79. syn. 241. rev. 122. M. demissum, Willd. enum. suppl. p. 36. Southern Fig-marigold. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1773. Pl, cr, § 21. Rubricaúlia (ruber, red, and caulis, a stem; stems red). Salm-Dyck. obs. p. 29. Haw. rev. p.116. Stems suffru- ticose ; branches usually reddish, erect, hardly decumbent. Leaves triquetrous, rather acinaciform, opposite, connate, rough and serrulated at the angles. loners pedicellate, solitary, bractless, deep red. Calyx 5-cleft. Stigmas 5-8. 113 M. rizamentésum (Lin. spec. 694.) stems short, de- cumbent; leaves compressed, triquetrous, rather acinaciform, crowded, thick, pale green, dotted, longer than the internodes, roughly serrulated on the edges; flowers solitary ; stigmas 5. k. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.—Dill. elth. f. 273. Haw. obs. 380. misc. 78. syn. 238. rev. 116. Flowers middle~sized, deep red. Calyx 5-cleft. Filamentose Fig-marigold. Fl. Nov. Dec. Clt. 1795. Pl. pr. 114 M. serruta‘tum (Haw. misc. 77. syn. 239. rev. 117.) stem shrubby, when young erect; branches erectly decumbent; leaves compressed, triquetrous, rather acinaciform, and rather glaucous, usually longer than the internodes, with the margins minutely serrulated, but hardly cartilaginous ; flowers solitary; stigmas 7-8, ramentaceous. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers reddish, and ternately disposed, as in M. rubricaile : lateral ones usually abortive. Var. 3, viridius (Haw. 1. c.) leaves green. Serrulate-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Nov. Dec. Clt. 1795. Shrub pr. 115 M. rvsricav'tz (Haw. misc. p. 77. syn. 239. rev. 117.) stem shrubby, when young erectish; branches opposite, rather effuse ; leaves compressed, triquetrous, usually shorter than the internodes, cartilaginous and serrulated on the margins ; flowers solitary ; stigmas 5, expanded. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Willd. enum. p. 536. Flowers middle-sized, pale purple. There is a more dense variety, and a greenish one. Red-stemmed Fig-marigold. Fl. Feb. Dec. Clt. 1802. Pl. pt § 22. Acinaciformia (from axwaxne, akinakes, a Persian sword or scymitar, and forma, form ; shape of leaves). Salm- Dyck. obs. p. 20. Haw. rev. p. 118.—Reptdntia majora Haw. syn. p. 233. Stems suffruticose, robust, rather decumbent; branches angular, prostrate, or decumbent. Leaves opposiles connate a short way at the base, acinaciform, triquetrous, thick. Flowers solitary, terminal, large, reddish (or as in M. ediile yel- low). Fruit fleshy. Stigmas 6-10. ; 116 M. epvu'te (Lin. spec. 695.) branches expanded, with quite entire angles; leaves equally triquetrous, dotless, a little channelled, attenuated at both ends, with the keel serrulated ; stigmas 8. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.— Dill. elth. 272. Seb. thes. 1. t. 19. f. 6. Haw. obs. 392 misc. 76. syn. 234, rev. 110. Flowers large, yellow. ous 5-cleft. Capsule 8-celled, with the baccate calyx edible. Rarely flowering in the gardens. Edible Fig-marigold or Hottentot Fig. Fl. July, Aug. Cit. 1690. Shrub pr. 117 M. acrnacirérme (Lin, spec. 695.) stems rather pro cumbent, long ; leaves opposite, compressed, triquetrous, acne- ciform, rather curled at the edges, and roughish; flowers s0. tary, terminal ; stigmas 12-17. h. D. G. Native of the ae of Good Hope.—Dill. elth. f. 270, 271. Andr. bot, rep. 508 Salisb. par. t. 90. Haw. obs. 397. misc. 76. syn. 233. rev. 118. FICOIDEZ. Flowers large, reddish. There are two varieties of this species, one with short and the other with longer branches. Scymitar-formed-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1714. Shrub pr. 118 M. rævica' rum (Haw. syn. 233. rev. 118.) stems rather procumbent, long; leaves acinaciform, smooth, glaucous, with cartilaginous, entire margins. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers unknown. Allied to M. acinaciférme, but differs in being smaller, and the branches being angular, &c. Smooth Fig-marigold. Fl. June. Clt. 1802. Pl. pr. 119 M. rusroci’ncrum (Haw. syn. p. 284. rev. 118.) stems rather procumbent, long; leaves acinaciform, with rough red edges and keel. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. There is a variety of this species with thicker and more compressed leaves. Red-bordered-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. May. Clt. 1811. Pl. pr. 120 M. supata‘tum (Haw. mise. 76. syn. 235. rev. 199.) branches 2-edged at the apex, somewhat undulately winged ; leaves compressed, triquetrous, equal-sided, dotless, rather aci- naciform, with cartilaginous margins, which are scabrous on both sides. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers unknown, but probably reddish. Rather-ninged Fig-marigold. Clt. 1796. Shrub pr. 121 M. ta’cerum (Salm-Dyck. obs. 1820. p. 31.) stem shrubby, erect; branches erectly spreading, 2-edged; leaves rather acinaciform, acutely triquetrous, rather compressed, glau- cous, full of pellucid dots: with the keel lacerately toothed ; stigmas 10, very short, approximate. Y%. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. acinaciférme, D.C. pl. grass. t. 80. M. dimididtum, and probably M. lacerum, Haw. rev. 119. and 131. M. Milléri, Willd. enum. suppl. 31. and M. gladiatum, Jacq. ex Salm-Dyck. Flowers large, red, opening in the sun ; pe- tals linear, very numerous. Calyx 5-cleft; lobes leaf-formed. ees for the most part 10, but sometimes even to the number of 20, Jagged-keeled Fig-marigold. Clt.? Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 122 M. virens (Haw. rev. 121.) stem erectish ; branches at length spreading ; leaves compressed, triquetrous, rather acina- ciform, smooth, dotted, green, pustulate on the inside at the base, having the keel roughish at the apex. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers reddish, disposed by threes. This species hardly belongs to this section, according to Salm-Dyck. Green Fig-marigold. Fl. June. Cit. 1821. Pl. 1 foot. § 23. Carnicailia (from caro, carnis, flesh, and caulis, a stem ; stems fleshy while young). Haw. in phil. mag. dec. 1826. p. 330. Stems usually elongated, weak, prostrate, and creeping: when young thick and fleshy. Leaves triquetrous, with the sides nearly equal, thick, usually soft. Flowers solitary, terminal, reddish, large, showy, and hexagynous. Capsule pulpy on the outside, even when ripe. 123 M. mquizarera‘te (Haw. mise. 77. syn. 237. rev. 120.) stems weak, prostrate ; leaves almost equally triquetrous, green- ish; peduncles angular, thickening towards the top ; calyx 5- cleft ; stigmas 6, short, erect. h. D. G. Native of New Holland. Flowers showy, reddish. ; Var. B, decégynum (D. C. prod. 3. p. 429.) stigmas 10; branches shorter. Equal-sided-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Ju. Clt. 1791. Sh. pr. 124 M. crauce’scens (Haw. syn. p. 236. rev. 120.) stems robust, decumbently prostrate; young leaves a little incurved, ‘riquetrous, with the sides equal, soft, glaucous : with cartilagi- nous, smoothish margins; flowers solitary, sessile ; stigmas 7. k.D. G. Native of New Holland. Branches furrowed at the top. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals pale purple. I, MESEMBRYANTHEMUM. 135 Glaucescent Fig-marigold. Fl. July. Clt. 1804. Sh. pr. 125 M. Rossu (Haw. rev. p. 120.) stems decumbently pros- trate; leaves acinaciform, or compressedly triquetrous, glau- cescent, with red, smooth, cartilaginous edges. h. D. G. Native of Van Diemen’s Land. Flowers unknown. Very like M. glaucéscens. Ross's Fig-marigold. Clt. 1820. Shrub pr. 126 M. assrevia rum (Haw. in phil. mag. dec. 1826. p. 380.) plant tufted ; stems short, coarse, and prostrate, crowded ; leaves acutely triquetrous, thick, green, much longer than the internodes, which are short. h.D.G. Native of New Hol- land. This species comes very near to M. glaucéscens, but the leaves are more crowded. Flowers not seen. Short-stemmed Fig-marigold, Clt. 1825. Shrub pr. 127 M. vire’scens (Haw. syn. p. 236. rev. 120.) stems de- cumbently prostrate; leaves triquetrous, with the sides nearly equal, greenish ; peduncles terminal, solitary, 2-edged, winged ; calyx 4-cleft; stigmas 8, filiform. kh.D.G. Native of New Holland. Corolla showy, pale red; petals white at the base, and obtuse at the apex. Greenish Fig-marigold. Fl. June. Clt. 1804. Shrub pr. Suspiviston IV. PerroLia`ra (from per, through, and folium, a leaf; stem running through the leaves). Haw. rev. p. 123. Usually erect shrubs, with erect or decumbent branches. Leaves opposite, connate, and sheathing at the base, usually triquetrous towards the top, and for the most part hooked at the apex. Flowers white, red, or reddish. Calyx 5-cleft. Stigmas 5. § 24. Forficàta (from forfex, a pair of scissors; form and disposition of leaves). Salm-Dyck, obs. p. 33.—Forficata Ge. minata, §:c. Haw. Stems frutescent ; branches erect or decum- bent. Leaves opposite, triquetrous, compressed, scissor-shaped, erect, with the carinal angle drawn out. Flowers reddish, soli- tary, on short peduncles. Calyx 5-cleft; petals very narrow. Stigmas 5, short, thick. 128 M. neTEROPHY'LLUM (Haw. misc. 67. syn. 294. rev. 128.) stem shrubby, short; branches crowded, ascending; leaves crowded, glaucous, compressed, triquetrous, rather acinaciform : with cartilaginous edges, and a jagged keel; petals unequal, shorter than the calyx, which is large and 5-horned ; stigmas 5, very short. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Willd. enum. suppl. 36. Petals white. Various-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Aug. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 129 M. muta’pite (Haw. obs. 377. misc. 74. syn. 294. rev. 133.) stem shrubby, erect; branches 2-edged; leaves nearly distinct, crowded, triquetrous, dotted: with a cartilaginous, entire keel; petals subulate; stigmas 5, short, thick. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers reddish. Changeable Fig-marigold. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1792. Sh. 14 ft. 130 M. cravuci'num (Haw. suppl. 97. rev. 132.) stem shrubby, erect; leaves much crowded, compressed, triquetrous, rather acinaciform, glaucescent, entire, with subcartilaginous edges, a little dotted ; petals subulate ; stigmas 5, short, thick. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers red- dish. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from M. mutdbile. Glaucous Fig-marigold. FI. Jul. Aug. Clt.? Shrub 14 ft. 131 M. maroina‘tum (Haw. obs. p. 412. misc. p. 73. syn. 294. rev. 123.) stem dwarf; branches erect; leaves triquetrous, rather acinaciform, glaucous, with whitened margins, k.D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stem 4 inches high. Leaves small. Flowers unknown. White-edged-leaved Fig-marigold. Clt. 1793. Shrub 4 ft. 152 M.1ixciv’pens (Haw. syn. 295. rev. 133.) stem shrubby: leaves triquetrous, rather deltoid, smooth, green, with a gibbous Cit. 1794. 136 FICOIDE £. crenulated keel; inner petals very short, and imbricated. k. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Andr. bot. rep. t. 384. Sims. bot. mag. 1663. Flowers deep red, always ex- panded. Petals broader than in any of the allied species. Stigmas 6, thick. Encompassing Fig-marigold. Fl. Ju. Sept. 1 to 2 feet. 133 M. rorrica‘tum (Lin. spec. 695.) stems suffrutescent, decumbent; leaves opposite, compressed, triquetrous, green, ending in a spinulose mucrone at the apex ; peduncles angular ; petals in 1 series; stigmas 5, very short. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Haw. obs. 394. descript. misc. P. 78. syn. 280. rev. 123. Jacq. vind. 1. t. 26. M. filamen- tosum 3, D. C. Petals purplish, with a deeper-coloured keel. Scissor-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1758. Shrub decumbent. 134 M. cemina‘tum (Haw. mise. p. 92. syn. 280. rev. 123.) stem suffruticose, dwarf; branchlets dichotomous, ascending ; leaves connate a long way, triquetrous, erect, glaucous, smooth, cartilaginous at the margins. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers unknown, but probably white. Twin-shooted Fig-marigold. Clt. 1792. Shrub 1 foot. § 25. Rostellata (from rostellum, a little beak; leaves tipped with a little beak). Ham. rev. p. 123. Stems prostrate. Leaves terete, subulate, connate at the base, recurved. Flowers white and red. Calyx 5-cleft. Stigmas 5. 135 M. rostena‘tum (Haw. rev. 123.) stems branched, prostrate; leaves beaked, connate, semi-terete, subulate, recurved, dotted, green; peduncles clavate, bibracteate at the base; stig- mas 5, spreading. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Calyx with 5 long lobes. Corolla expanded before meridian, whitish, tipped with red. Little-beaked-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Ju. Clt. 1820. Sh. pr. Clt. 1805. Sh. § 26. Uncinata (from uncinatus, hooked ; points of leaves). Haw. rev. 124.—Perfolidta, Salm-Dyck, obs. p. 24.—Perfoliata axillaria, Haw. syn. 281. Stems shrubby, erect; branches hard. Leaves opposite, dotted, connate and sheathing at the base ; sheaths obconical, fleshy, covering the internodes ; limbs of leaves rather triquetrous at the apex, acute, toothed under the keel. Floriferous branches axillary, \-flowered. Flowers middle-sized, reddish. Calyx 5-cleft. Stigmas 5-7. 136 M. rerroriarom (Mill. dict. ed. 8. no. 19.) stem shrubby, erect, with few branches; leaves connate and sheath- ing at the base, rather decurrent, triquetrous, hard, whitish -glau- cous, dotted, acuminated at the apex, recurved ; keel tridentate beneath. k.D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Haw. misc. 92. syn. 281. rev. 124.—Dill. elth. 240. Bradb. succ. 46. M. forcinatum p, Lin. spec. 690. D. C. pl. grass. no. 54. Flowers red. Var. 3, monacdnthum (Bradl. suce. f. 26.) keel of leaves fur- nished with only one tooth beneath. Var. y, edéntulum (Haw. rev. p. 125.) keel of leaves tooth- less. Burm. afr. t. 26. f. 3. Perfoliate-leaved Fig-marigold. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 137 M. uncine’Ltum (Salm-Dyck, in litt. and Haw. rev. p. 124.) stem shrubby, erect, with numerous branches; leaves con- nate and sheathing at the base, rather decurrent, triquetrous, thick, whitish, dotted, recurved at the apex; keel furnished with one tooth beneath. h. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.—Dill. elth. f. 239. Flowers reddish. Small-hooked-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1819. Shrub 1 foot. i 138 M. semipenta'tum (Haw. suppl. 95, rev. 125.) stem Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1714. I. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM. shrubby, with simple striated branches; leaves connate and sheathing at the base, triquetrous, compressed, white, dotted; keel furnished with 1-4 teeth. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Salm-Dyck, obs. 1820. p. 9. Leaves 2 inches long. Flowers on short peduncles, reddish. Differs in the length of the leaves from M. perfòliatum. a t Half-toothed-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. 1820, ` Shrub 1 foot. 139 M. uncrva‘rum (Mill. dict. ed. 8. no. 18.) stem shrubby, erect; leaves connate, and sheathing at the base, rather decur- rent, green, dotted, triquetrous, furnished with 2 spines under- neath at the apex. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Bradl. suce. f. 27. M. uncindtum a, Lin. spec. 692, D.C. pl. grass. t. 54. Flowers red. Hooked-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1725. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 140 M. vi'ripE (Haw. obs. p. 314. misc. 93. syn. 282. rev. 126.) stem shrubby; leaves connate and sheathing at the base, quite entire, deep green, dotless, smooth, uncinately recurved at the apex; stigmas 7, subulate. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Peduncles clavate, bibracteate, axillary. Calyx 5-cleft, Petals pale red, expanded both by night and by day. Green Fig-marigold. Fl. July. Clt. 1792. Shrub 1 foot. 141 M. u'nipens (Haw. in phil, mag. Dec. 1826. p. 331.) plant depressed, stiff; branches crowded ; leaves rather acinaci- form, white, with large dots; keel bearing one tooth near the top. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves less perfoliate than any other of the section. Flowers not seen. One-toothed Fig-marigold. Clt. 1824. Shrub 4 to 1 foot. § 27. Paniculata.(from panicula, a panicle; disposition of flowers). Haw. syn. 283. Salm-Dyck, obs. p. 33.—Vaginata, Lineàta, and Tumidula, Haw. rev. 126-129. Shrubby, erect; branches hard. Leaves connate and sheathing at the base, with the longitudinal lines of the sheath more or less distinct, for the most part glaucous and triquetrous. Flowers panicled, numerous. Peduncles bracteate. Calyx 5-cleft. Stigmas 5. Petals white, rarely reddish. 142 M. rumiputum (Haw. syn. p. 286. rev. p. 129.) stem erect, with spreading branches; leaves connate and sheathing s the base, remote, green, smooth, rather recurved at the aei sheaths tumid at the top. h. D.G. Native of the Cape 0 Good Hope. Leaves an inch and a half long. Flowers reddish. T Fig-marigold. Fl. March. Clt. 1802. Shrub 2 feet. 143 M. routdsum (Haw. misc. 97. syn. 287. rev. 130.) stem erect, much branched; branches crowded, hardly erect; leaves connate and sheathing at the base, rather glaucous, smoot, crowded, obtuse, ending in a rather recurved mucrone ; pear thickened at the top. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Goo Hope. Leaves an inch long. Petals reddish, with a deepe coloured line. Stigmas 5, expanded at length. F Leafy Fig-marigold. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1802. Shrub 2 to sit 144 M. umpezra‘tum (Lin. spec. 689.) stem erect, oe erectly spreading branches ; leaves connate and sheathing at thè base, remote, nearly terete, and rather glaucous, scabrous from dots, slender, recurved at the apex; sheaths tumid at the ee k. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.—Dill. elth. t 266. Haw. obs. p. 336. misc. 97. syn. 287. rev. 129. Leaves 1-2 inches long. Peduncles furnished with 2 bracteas. Flowers middle-sized, white. Stigmas 5, erect. ; M Var. B, apétalum (Haw. rev. p. 129.) petals wanting. =" anómalum, Willd. enum. p. 531. suppl. p. 36. 27 Umbellate-flowered Fig-marigold. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 172% Pl. 2 to 3 feet. g5 l45 M. msrca'rum (Haw. obs. p. 317. misc, 96. syn- 5 FICOIDEZ. rev. 128.) stem and branches erect, subtetragonal; leaves connate and sheathing at the base, glaucous, remote, smooth, dotted, rather compressed, triquetrous ; calyx turbinate, much attenuated at the base. }.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Peduncles bracteate even to the calyx. Corolla white, nearly an inch in diameter. Leaves nearly an inch long. Var. B, majus (Haw. syn. 285.) leaves green, an inch and a half long. + Imbricated-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. July. Clt. 1792. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 146 M. muttirrorum (Haw. obs. p. 318. misc. 96. syn. 285. rev. p. 128.) stem and branches erect; leaves connate and sheathing at the base, remote, glaucous, somewhat compressed, triquetrous, smooth, dotted ; calyx cylindrical, hardly attenuated at the base. %.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Peduncles bracteate even at the calyx. Flowers white, larger than those of M. imbricatum.—Pluk. PEYE tole Var. P, ribrum (Haw. suppl. 95.) flowers reddish ; leaves greenish. Perhaps a proper species. „Var. y, minus (Haw. rev. p. 128.) leaves glaucous ; calyx tur- binate, much attenuated at the base. Perhaps a variety of M. ee ar. ò, patens (Haw. 1. c.) stem spreading ; flowers solitary. M. patens, Willd. enum. ee p: a7. a Var. £, nitens (Haw. 1. c.) smooth; branches spreading; leaves green. Perhaps a proper species. Many-flowered Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1792. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 147 M. ricipum (Haw. mise. 95, syn. 283. rev. 127.) stem erect ; branches very stiff, spreading a little ; leaves connate, and sheathing at the base, horizontal, and are, as well as the sheaths, glabrous, but with the keel scabrous at the apex. h. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Allied to M. tenéllum. eaves 3 lines long. Peduncles bracteate nearly to the apex. Petals snow white, shining. Stiff Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1793. Shrub 1 foot. 148 M. rene’ttum (Haw. obs. 315. misc. 94. syn. 283. rev. 127.) stem erect, bushy; branches filiform, decumbent; leaves connate and sheathing at the base, rather spreading, slender, and are, as well as the sheaths, scabrous at the margins. h.D. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers panicled, Snow white. Calyx 4-5-cleft. Stigmas 5, erect, subulate. Leaves 3 lines long, glaucous. Pliant Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Clt.1792. Shrub 1 foot. 149 M. cu’rrum (Haw. syn. p. 334. rev. 126.) stem erect, bushy ; leaves connate and sheathing at the base, usually ap- proximate, incurved, smooth, green, with the angles rough at the top. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers unknown, but probably white. Var. B, politum (Haw. rev. p. 126.) less smooth, and leaves shorter, M. vaginatum f, Haw. syn. p. 284. Perhaps a pro- per species according to Haw. in phil. mag. 64. p. 424. Var. y, minus (D. C. prod. 3. p. 432.) smaller in all its parts. M. hamàtum, Willd. ex Haw. Perhaps a proper species. Short-sheathed Fig-marigold, Shrub 1 to 14 foot, 150 M. acura'xeurum (Haw. in phil. mag. 64. p. 424.) stem erect, bushy ; leaves connate and sheathing at the base, forming a kind of rectangle, triquetrous, acuminated, incurved, green, with roughish margins. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Allied to M. cúrtum, but much more dwarf. Flowers unknown. Acute-angled Fig-marigold. Clt. 1821. Shrub } to 1 foot. 151 M. vacina rum (Haw. misc. 95. syn. 284. exclusive of var. È, rev, 127. but not of Lam.) stem erect, bushy; leaves Spreading, straight, remote, triquetrous, rather recurved at the apex, and are, as well as the sheaths, green and glabrous, but VOL. III, I, MesempryANTHEMUM. 137 with the angles rough near the top. h. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers panicled, white, small, numerous. Leaves an inch long. ogee Fig-marigold, Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1802. Shrub + foot. 152 M. parvirtorum (Haw. misc. 95. syn. 284. rev. 127. but not of Jacq.) stems and branches erect; leaves connate and sheathing at the base, glabrous, erectish ; keel finely serrulated. hk. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Peduncles bracteate even to the calyx. Corolla white, small. Leaves half an inch long. : Small-flowered Fig-marigold. FJ. Aug. 1 to 2 feet. 153 M. rinrora‘tum (Haw. rev. p. 130.) stem short, depres- sed ; branches spreading ; leaves connate, incurved and a little re- curved, obtuse, triquetrous, with nearly equal sides, and having the keel roughish at the apex; sheaths with a short impressed line. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers small, terminal at the tops of the branches, solitary. Pe- duncles an inch long, compressed, smooth, bibracteate at the base. Calyx 5-cleft, wrinkled. Petals in one series, ob- tuse, reddish, with a deeper coloured middle line, expanded, rather incurved. Stamens collected; filaments white at the base, and reddish at the apex ; anthers pale yellow. Styles 5, subulate, diverging ina stellate manner. This is rather an ano- malous species, but it approaches nearest to the section Uncinata. Var. B, minus (Haw. 1. c.) margins of leaves roughish. Var. y, nitens (Haw. 1. c.) leaves shining, greener. Lined-sheathed Fig-marigold. Fl. Jul. Sep. Clt.1819. Sh. 3 ft. Clt. 1800. Shrub Suppivisron V. Trique‘rra (from triquetrus, triangular ; triangular leaves). Haw. rev. 135. Subshrubs. Leaves oppo- site, distinct more or less, triquetrous. Flowers usually soli- tary, terminal. Calyx 5-cleft. Stigmas 5. § 28. Deltoidea (in reference to the leaves having the out- line of a Greek A). Salm-Dyck, obs. 32.—Muricata, Han. rev. 183.—Carindlia, Haw. syn. 292. exclusive of some er Stems shrubby, branched, erect. Leaves opposite, nearly dis- tinct, glaucous, deltoid, that is, short, thick, and triquetrous : mith the angles muricately toothed. Flowers numerous, aggregate, rose-coloured, small, and smeet-scented. 154 M. caue’scens (Mill. dict. ed. 8. p. 12.) stem erect, branched ; leaves much crowded, glaucous, rather long, trique- trously deltoid, with the sides hardly toothed, and the keel en- tire. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.—Dill. “elth. f. 243, 244. M. cauléscens, Haw. obs. 367. misc. 74. syn. 296. rev. 133. M. deltoides 8 simplex, D. C. pl. grass. no. 53. Flowers red, sweet-scented. Stigmas 5, short, thick, erect. Caulescent Fig-marigold. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1731. Shrub 14 foot. 155 M. pexroinrs (Mill. dict. ed. 8. p. 13.) stem erect, branched ; leaves crowded, very glaucous, triquetrous, deltoid, trifariously toothed ; keel of the bracteas and the lobes of the calyx entire. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. D. C. pl. grass. t. 53.—Dill. elth. f. 245. and 247. M. deltoides a, Lin. spec. 690. Haw. misc. 74. syn. 296. rev. 133. Flowers red. Very like M. cauléscens. Deltoid-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. May. Clt. 1731. Sh. 1} ft. 156 M. murica'tum (Haw. obs. p. 364. misc. 75. syn. 297. rey. 133.) stem erect, branched ; leaves crowded, deltoid, glau- cous, and are, as well as the bracteas, and lobes of calyx trifa- riously denticulated. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.—Dill. elth. f. 246. Flowers red, Very like the two £ 138 FICOIDE#. preceding species, but smaller. Stigmas erect, hardly the length of the filaments. Capsule more depressed. Muricated Fig-marigold. Fl. May. Clt. 1731. Sh. 14 foot. § 29. Falcata (from falcatus, hooked ; leaves hooked or fal- cate). Haw. misc. p. 69.—Lunata and Falcata, Salm-Dyck, obs. 31. and 32. Lunàta, Pallidiflora, and Glomerata, Haw. rev. 135. 138. Stems fruticose or suffruticose ; branches erect or di- varicate. Leaves opposite, distinct, compressed, triquetrous, fal- cate, glaucous, usually dotted. Flowers pedunculate, flesh-colour- ed or pale red. * Flowers aggregate, reddish. 157 M. ma’ximum (Haw. obs. p. 402. misc. 66. syn. 292. rev. 135.) stem woody, erect, bushy; leaves crowded, large, very much compressed, triquetrous, incurvedly half-moon shaped, quite glaucous, obtuse, full of pellucid dots, half-stem-clasping. hk. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Andr. bot. rep. t. 358. Willd. enum. 539. Flowers small, terminal. Pe- duncles bibracteate. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla reddish. Largest Fig-marigold. Fl. March, Aug. Clt. 1787. Sh. 14 ft. 158 M. tuna‘trum (Willd. enum. p. 538.) stem woody, erect ; branches aggregate ; leaves small, much crowded, dotless, rather connate, compressed, triquetrous, incurvedly half-moon shaped. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Haw. rev. 136. Flowers rose-coloured. Lunate-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. July. Clt. 1812. Sh. 1 ft. 159 M. rarcirórme (Haw. syn. 299. rev. 127.) stem suffru- ticose, at length decumbent ; leaves much crowded, small, thick, faleate, acinaciform, glaucous, largely toothed; flowers some- what fastigiate. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers reddish, showy, an inch and a half in diameter. Sickle-formed-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1805. Shrub 14 foot. 160 M. Farca‘tum (Lin. spec. 694.) stem woody, erect; branches numerous, panicled, filiform; leaves minute, distinct, compressed, triquetrous, falcate, rather glaucous. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.—Dill. elth. f. 275. and 276. Haw. obs. 366. misc. 72. syn. 298. rev. 136. Flowers small, numerous, pale red, expanded through the day, sweet scented. Falcate-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1727. Shrub 1 foot. 161 M. virca‘tum (Haw. misc. p. 88. syn. 290. rev. 142.) stem suffruticose, weak ; branches twiggy, distant; leaves com- pressed, triquetrous, acute, rather glaucous, remote, dotted ; flowers few. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. compréssum, Haw. obs. 416. not 326. Flowers small, light red. Stigmas 5, longer than the filaments, subulate, revolute. Peduncles bractless. Twiggy Fig-marigold. Fl. Feb. Apr. Clt. 1793. Sh. 2 to 3 ft. * * Flowers solitary, rose-coloured or pale red. 162 M. vecu’mBens (Haw. obs. 352. misc. 69. syn. 300. rev. 136.) branches much crowded, decumbent ; leaves compressed, triquetrous, incurved, attenuated at both ends, very glaucous. h D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers 2 inches in diameter, almost white, or very pale red. Decumbent Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1759. Shrub decumbent. 163 M. incu’rvum (Haw. mise. p. 69. syn. 300. rev. 136.) stem suffruticose, erect; branches slender, effuse, leafy ; leaves compressed, triquetrous, very glaucous, attenuated at both ends, acinaciform. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers pale red. Var. B, dilatans (Haw. syn. 300, rev. 137.) leaves gibbously dilated below, at length deflexed, I. MesEMBRYANTHEMUM. Var. y, ròseum (Willd. enum. p. 535.) leaves obtuse, attenu- ated at the base. Var. ò, multiradidtum (Jacq. fragm. t. 53. f. 2.) leaves acute, spreading, blunt on the back. Incurved-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. June. Clt.1802. Sh. 14 ft. 164 M. conre’rtum (Haw. syn. p. 301. rev. 137.) stem erect, much branched ; leaves triquetrous, crowded, robust, in- curved, very glaucous. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers showy, pale red. Perhaps only a variety of M. incúrvum. Crowded Fig-marigold. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1805. Sh. 14 ft. § 30. Sténa (from orevoc, stenos, narrow ; leaves and petals). Haw. in phil. mag. Sept. 1831. Small subshrubs, with the branches nearly half a foot high, effuse, and are, as well as the leaves, filiform. Petals very narrow, or setaceous, very pale red. 165 M. sre'num (Haw. in phil. mag. 1831. p. 420.) branches effusely decumbent, flexuous, filiform; leaves slender, falcately incurved, triquetrously terete, mucronate, with few dots, glau- cescent ; flowers 1 or 3 together, terminal. h. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers expanding before meridian, of a violaceous reddish-colour. Narrow Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1829. Shrub 4 foot. 166 M. pE BiLe (Haw. in phil. mag. Nov. 1826. p. 331.) smooth ; branches filiform, a little compressed ; leaves crowded at the nodes of the reptant stems, bluntly and acinaciformly tri- quetrous, glaucescent; flowers few, terminal. h.D. G. Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers very pale red, or nearly white, expanding before meridian. É Weak Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. July. Clt. 1824. Pl. creeping. § 31. Microphylla (from puxpoc, micros, small, and vdov, phyllon, a leaf; in reference to the small leaves of the species). Salm-Dyck, obs. 33. Haw. rev. 134. syn. 297. exclusive of some species. Plants small, suffruticose, much branched ; branches very humble, procumbent, divaricate. Leaves very small, con- nate, triquetrous, mucronate, crowded, remaining on the plant even when dried. Floners solitary, small, reddish. 167 M. micropny’tLtum (Haw. obs. 417. syn. 297. rev. 134.) stem short, densely branched, decumbent ; leaves connate, tri- quetrous, acuminated, a little awned, green, dotted, pustulate on the inside at the base; flowers solitary on short peduncles. R: D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers small, reddish. Calyx 5-cleft. Stigmas 5-6, green, with spreading subulate tops. Small-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. May. Clt. 1795. Sh. dee. 168 M. mucrona'rum (Haw. misc. 73. syn. 297. rev. 184) stem very short, erect, branched; leaves oblong-ovate, trique- trous at the apex, connate at the base, glaucescent, terminating in a white mucrone, coarsely dotted. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers unknown. Leaves 3 lines long: Mucronate-leaved Fig-marigold. Clt. 1794. Sh. 4 to 3 ft. 169 M. pyema‘um (Haw. suppl. 99. rev. 134.) stem very short, branched ; leaves connate at the base, oblong-ovate, semi- terete, awnless, in winter united nearly to the top. . D. G Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers unknown, but pro- bably pale red. Pygmy Fig-marigold. Clt. 1805. Shrub 4 foot. 170 M. PULCHELLUM (Haw. misc. 72. syn. 298.) stems de- cumbent; leaves acutely triquetrous, with equal sides, somewhat boat-shaped, hoary, obsoletely dotted, ciliated with pubescence on the angles, but especially on the keel, terminating in a re curved mucrone. k.D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope: M. canéscens, Haw. rev. 135. M. pulchéllum, Willd. enum. 537. Corollas small, red. Stigmas 5, subulate, longer than the filaments, greenish, recurved at the apex. FICOIDE Æ. Var. B, revolùtum (Haw. rev. p. 135.) branches secund, re- curved. Neat Fig-marigold. Fl. April. Clt. 1793. Shrub dec. § 32. Scábrida (a dim. of scaber, rough ; rough or scabrous leaves). Haw. misc. 71.—Scabra, Salm-Dyck, obs. 27.—Asperi- folia, Haw. rev. 138. Stems suffruticose; branches expanded, filiform. Leaves more or less triquetrous, rather compressed, sca- brous from dots, usually a little incurved. Flowers pedunculate, reddish, middle-sized. * Stamens collected. 171 M. sca‘srum (Lin. spec. 692.) stem shrubby, branched ; leaves rather triquetrous, green, straight, very rough from shin- ing warts; lobes of calyx ovate, acuminated ; petals crenated at the apex ; stamens collected. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.—Dill. elth. f. 251.—Haw. obs. 345. misc. 71. syn. 267. rev. 138. Flowers rose-coloured. Var. B, purpireum ; flowers purple. Scabrous Fig-marigold. Fl. July. Clt. 1731. Sh. 1 foot. 172 M. versi’cotor (Haw. misc. 71. syn. 268. rev. 139.) stem shrubby, branched ; leaves almost triquetrous, glaucescent, scabrous from warts ; lobes of calyx ovate, acuminated ; petals somewhat bidentate at the apex; stamens collected. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Petals variable, expanding in the heat of the sun, of a shining white or silvery colour, but when closed in the morning and evening they are pale reddish. Party-coloured-flowered Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1795. Shrub 1 foot. 173 M. rerrorie’xum (Haw. misc. 71. syn. 269. rev. 139.) stem suffruticose ; branches decumbent; bark white; leaves rather triquetrous, very glaucous, scabrous; lobes of calyx re- troflexed ; petals distant; stamens collected. h. D. G. Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. M. emarginatoides, Haw. obs. 343. M. leptaleum, Haw. rev. 140. and perhaps M. élegans, Jacq. schoenbr. 4. p- 18. which is referred to by the Prince de Salm-Dyck, and therefore it is M. defléxum of Salm-Dyck, obs. 27. but not of Haworth. Petals reddish. Retroflexed-calyxed Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1724. Shrub dec. 174 M. y/‘mpricans (Haw. suppl. p. 94.) stem erect, shrubby ; leaves linear, obsoletely triquetrous, smoothish, of a whitish glaucous-colour, imbrieately crowded at the tops of the canes- cent branches. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers red. Said to be allied to M. retrofléxum. Inbricating-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Oct. Cit. 1818. Shrub 1 foot. ° 175 M. verrx’xum (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 187.) stems shrubby, rather crowded, deflexed ; leaves rather triquetrous, glaucous, Toughish, attenuated downwards ; petals numerous, much imbri- cated; stamens collected. h. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Haw. obs. 347. misc. 71. syn. 269. exclusive of the synonymes, rev. 140. There are two varieties of this species, the one having the petals pale reddish and purple at the base, the other having the petals of a deeper colour. ; Deflexed-branched Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Oct. Cit. 1774. Shrub 1 foot. * * Stamens expanded. 176 M. rotya’nraum (Haw. syn. 270. rev. 140.) branches bushy, expanded, crowded ; bark on young stems rufous ; leaves small, glaucous, triquetrous, scabrous ; flowers very numerous, Panicled ; petals imbricated. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers small, very pale red. M. fléxile, Haw. rev, 141, is only a variety of this species in a younger sary Which has been confirmed by Salm-Dyck. I. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM. 139 Many-flowered Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1803. Shrub 1 to 14 foot. 177 M. roLyrny’'rLum (Haw. rev. 141.) branches bushy, de- cumbent, assurgent; leaves much glomerated, rather robust, somewhat incurvedly recurved, clavately and bluntly trique- trous, compressed, scabrous from dots, glaucous. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers pale red. Sta- mens expanded, as in M. emarginàtum. Like M. defléxum, but double the size. Many-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1819. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 178 M. viora'crum (D. C. pl. grass. t. 84.) stem shrubby, erect; branches expanded; leaves triquetrously semi-terete, rough from dots, acute, glaucous; peduncles 1-flowered, naked or bracteate at the very base ; lobes of calyx spreading, unarmed, but prickle-formed. k.D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Haw. rev. 141. M. parvifolium, Lam. dict. 2. p. 482. exclusive of the synonymes. M. puniceum, Jacq. schoenbr. t. 442, Flowers flesh-coloured, expanding in the heat of the sun. Stamens not collected, but rather expanded. Violaceous-branched Fig-marigold. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 179 M. emancina'tum (Lin. spec. 692.) branches expanded ; leaves triquetrous, scabrous, glaucescent ; peduncles bibracteate ; lobes of calyx unarmed, but spine-formed; petals deeply emar- ginated at the apex. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.—Dill. elth. f. 250.—Haw. obs. 340. misc. 70. syn. 268. rev. 142. Flowers pale red, like those of M. violaceum. Sta- mens expanded. Emarginate-petalled Fig-marigold. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1732. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. § 33. Bractedta (bracteatus, bracteate ; flowers girded by bracteas). Salm-Dyck, obs. 28. Haw. rev. 143.—Adinca Inclau- déntia, Haw. syn. 288. Stems erect, shrubby ; branches much compressed. Leaves distinct, triquetrous, hooked at the apex, more or less scabrous from dots. Flowers girded by 2-4 broadly ovate keeled bracteas, which clasp the calyx, solitary, reddish, always expanded ; inner petals thread-formed. 180 M. sractea‘tum (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 185.) stem shrubby, erect; branches compressed, of a reddish brown colour ; leaves green, triquetrous ; bracteas 4, broadly ovate, keeled, clasping the calyx. h. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Haw. misc. 90. syn. 289. rev. 143. Lodd. bot. cab. 251. Petals reddish, white at the base. Bracteate Fig-marigold. FI. July, Oct. Clt. 1774. Shrub 14 foot. “181 M. a’ncers (Haw. syn. 289. rev. 143.) stem shrubby ; branches decumbent, 2-edged, of a brownish canescent-colour ; leaves acinaciformly triquetrous: sides rather membranous be- low; dots large, pellucid, elevated. p. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers of a deep red colour. Var. B, pallidum (Haw. rev. 143.) branches of a rufous cop- pery colour ; leaves rather incurved ; petals pale reddish. Tno-edged-branched Fig-marigold. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1811. Shrub 14 foot. 182 M. cra‘cire (Haw. rev. 144,) stem shrubby ; branches very slender, straight ; leaves glaucescent, slender, rather sca- brous ; bracteas ovate, acute, almost clasping the calyx. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. stellatum, Haw. obs. 416. misc. 91. syn. 290. but not of D. C. There are varieties of this species with deep red, and pale red flowers. Slender Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1794. Sh. 14 ft. 183 M. rapra`rum (Haw. obs. 232. misc. 90. syn. 289. rev, 144.) stem shrubby ; branches crowded; bark canescent ; leaves glaucescent, attenuated, and hooked at the apex; bracteas T2 140 FICOIDEZ. broadly ovate, clasping the peduncles above. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.—Dill. elth. f. 249. Corolla reddish, larger than those of its allies. Ray-flowered Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Nov. 1} foot. 184 M. compre’ssum (Haw. obs. 526. not 416. misc. 91. syn. 289. rev. 144.) stem shrubby; branches rather compressed ; leaves glaucescent, triquetrous, with equal sides, very rough ; bracteas ovate, acute, clasping the tops of the peduncles. k. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers middle- sized, reddish. Perhaps M. compréssum, Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p. 454. is the same species. Compressed-branched Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Sept. 179g. Shrub 14 foot. 185 M. pa’rutum (Haw. syn. p. 334. rev. 145.) stem shrubby ; branches hardly erect; leaves linear, half erect, glau- cescent, roughish from pellucid dots. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. ‘This species comes near to M. comprés- sum, but is less stiff, the leaves shorter and thicker, and the flowers are larger and paler. Spreading Fig-marigold. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1811. Sh. 14 ft. 186 M. a’sperum (Haw. rev. p. 145.) stem shrubby ; leaves compressed, triquetrous, longish, of a bluish green-colour, full of pellucid dots, very scabrous, hooked at the apex; keel fur- nished with one tooth. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers unknown. Perhaps this species does not be- long to the present section. Rough Fig-marigold. Clt.1818. Shrub 14 foot. 187 M. serra‘tum (Lin. spec. 696.) stem erect, branched ; leaves opposite, distinct, triquetrous, subulate, having the cari- nal angle serrated, with the serratures turned backwards. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.—Dill. elth. f. 238. Flowers solitary, terminal, pedunculate. Calyx 5-cleft, attenu- ated at the base. Petals yellow, copper-coloured at the apex. Stigmas 5, short, obtuse, approximate. This species was for- merly cultivated by Dillenius, but has now vanished from the gardens, and is therefore very little known. Serrated-keeled Fig-marigold. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1707. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. Clt. 1732. Sh. Cit. § 34. Conférta (from confertus, crowded thick together; branches). Haw. syn. 240. Salm-Dyck, obs. 29.—Eximia and Blanda, Haw. rev. 145-147. Stems shrubby ; branches crowded, ascending. Leaves opposite, rather connate, crowded, triquetrous, entire, acute, mith the angles smooth. Flomers pedunculate, solitary or by threes, showy, expanding in the sun, reddish or pale rose-coloured. 188 M. ama'yum (Salm-Dyck in litt. ex D. C. prod. 3. p- 436.) stem branched, shrubby ; leaves green, crowded, elon- gated, nearly triquetrous, bluntish, with a mucrone ; flowers ter- minal, showy, disposed by threes. p. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers red. Pleasing Fig-marigold. Shrub 1 foot. 189 M. rormosum (Haw. rev. 145.) stems suffruticose, humble; branches rather decumbent, elongated ; leaves trique- trous, long, green, glittering in sunshine, much crowded, but more remote on the branches; flowers terminal, disposed by threes ; stigmas 5-6, shorter than the filaments, rather lanceolate. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Petals beautiful red, blunt. Beautiful Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1828. Sh. 1 ft. 190 M. spxcra‘site (Haw. obs. 385. misc. 68. syn. 240. rev. 145.) stems rather humble ; floriferous ones ascending or erect; leaves glaucous, triquetrous, and are, as well as the branches, crowded; stigmas 5, obovate, one-half shorter than the stamens, which are white. kh. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good I. MEsEMBRYANTHEMUM. Hope. Curt. bot. mag. t. 396. D.C. pl. grass. t. 153. Leaves rather connate, sometimes furnished with one tooth at the top of the keel. Flowers beautiful reddish, 2 inches in diameter. Showy Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1787. Shrub 1 ft. 191 M. consricuum (Haw. syn. 240. rev. 146.) floriferous stems erect ; leaves green, glittering in sun-shine, triquetrous, and are, as well as the branches, crowded; stigmas lanceolate, length of the stamens. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. conspicuum, Spreng. nov. prov. 27. but the leaves are there said to be semi-terete. Flowers beautiful red. Conspicuous Fig-marigold. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1806. Sh. 1 ft. 192 M. rursina‘rum (Jacq. hort. vind. t. 476.) stem shrubby, branched, diffuse ; leaves glaucous, elongated, acute, triquetrous, crowded; flowers on long peduncles, reddish; ovarium con- tracted into a neck beneath the calyx. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Petals numerous, linear, spreading much. Salm-Dyck. in litt. Turbinate Fig-marigold. Shrub 1 foot. 193 M. sra’Npum (Haw. suppl. 95. rev. 147.) stem shrubby; branches numerous, compressed, ascending ; leaves compressed, triquetrous, crowded, narrow, acutish, smooth ; peduncles equal, longer than the bracteas; stigmas 5, short, ramentaceous. h. D. G. Native ofthe Cape of Good Hope. Ker. bot. reg. 582. Lodd. bot. cab. 599. Flowers large, at first white, but at length rose-coloured or pale red. Branches of a rufous chestnut colour. There are varieties of this species with glaucous and green leaves. Bland Fig-marigold. F]. June. Cit. 1810. Shrub 1 foot. 194 M. curvirozium (Haw. rev. p. 47.) stem shrubby, branches robust, terete; leaves compressed, triquetrous, glau- cescent ; peduncles clavate, length of bracteas ; petals incurved. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Branches ru- fous or bay-coloured. Leaves twice the thickness of those of M. bléndum, to which it is nearly allied, and the corolla is less open. It is, however, perhaps only a variety of it. Curved-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Ju. Cit. 1818. Sh. 1; ft. § 35. Cymbiformia (from cymba, a boat, and forma, form; leaves). Salm-Dyck, obs. p. 33. Haw. rev. 149.—Tardiflora, Haw. syn. 261. Stems fruticose or suffruticose, with straight, usually decussate branches. Leaves small, distinct, turgidly tri- quetrous, obtuse, boat-shaped, short. Flowers solitary; reddish, rose-coloured, or yellow. 195 M. retracdnum (Thunb. prod. 91.) stem erect, tetra- gonal, shrubby ; leaves cylindrically trigonal. k. D. G. Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Haw. rev. 149. Corolla yellow. This species is omitted by Haworth. Tetragonal-stemmed Fig-marigold. Shrub 1 foot. 196 M. srricrum (Haw. misc. 82. syn. 262. rev. 149.) stem woody, branched, very stiff, straight; leaves triquetrous, obtuse; expanded, glaucescent, beset with large dots. h. D.G. Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. This species grows 2 oF 3 feet high in the gardens, but has never yet flowered. But from a specimen of it received from the Cape by Haworth, they arè said to be showy and yellow. Siraight Fig-marigold. Clt. 1795. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 197 M. cympirorme (Haw. obs. 264. misc. 82. syn. 263. rev. 149.) stem suffruticose ; branches erectish, filiform, crowded; leaves triquetrous, boat-shaped, spreading, glaucous. R. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers unknown. Per- haps M. séssile, Thunb. fl. cap. 419, belongs to this species, which Thunberg says has red flowers. Boat-formed-leaved Fig-marigold. Clt. 1793. Sh. 1 ft. a 198 M. mórre (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 192.) branches crowde 2-edged, decumbent; leaves spreading, turgidly triquetrou® firm, canescent, with the margins: blunt, and lined with dots. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Haw. obs: FICOIDE Æ. misc. 83. syn. 261. rev. 149, terminal. Soft Fig-marigold. Fl. Oct. Clt. 1774. Shrub 1 foot. 199 M. Tuunse’rcu (Haw. rev. p. 150.) stem decumbent, articulated ; leaves connate, trigonal, smooth, dotless, erect ; flowers solitary, terminal. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. le‘ve, Thunb. fl. cap. 425. but not of Ait. Flowers yellow. Calyx 4-cleft. Perhaps this species belongs to another division of the genus. Thunberg’s Fig-marigold. Shrub decumbent. 200 M. cymerroLium (Haw. in phil. mag. 1824. vol. 64. p. 424.) stem shrubby, erectish; branches few, 2-edged, hoary ; leaves trigonal, boat-shaped, pale green, beset with large dots. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers un- known. This species appears to be intermediate between M. aúreum and M. cymbiforme. Boat-leaved Fig-marigold. Clt. 1822. § 36. Aúrea (from aureus, of gold; in reference to the yellow flowers). Haw. rev. 148.—Aiquilateralia, Salm-Dyck, obs. 33.—Frequentiflora, Han. syn. 263. exclusive of some species. Stems suffruticose, and are as well as the branches erect. Leaves distinct, dotted, bluntly or acutely triquetrous, elongated, glaucous. Flowers large, solitary, yellow, or copper- coloured, expanding in sun-shine. Stigmas thick. Flowers solitary, red, small, and Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 201 M. crav’cum (Lin. spec. p. 696.) stem suffruticose, erect ; leaves triquetrous, much compressed, glaucous, roughish ; lobes of calyx ovate, cordate; stigmas yellow. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.—Dill. elth. f. 248. D. C. pl. grass. t. 146. Bradl. succ. t. 37. Haw. obs. 829. misc. 83, syn. 264. rev. 148. Petals of a yellow sulphur colour. Glaucous Fig-marigold. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1696. Sh. 14 ft. 202 M. aurantiacum (Haw. misc. 84. syn. 264. rev. 148.) Stem suffruticose, erect; leaves bluntly triquetrous, somewhat compressed, very glaucous ; bracteas semiterete ; lobes of calyx oblong-ovate ; alternate stigmas purple. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. glaucoides, Haw. obs. p. 330. M. auréntium, Willd. enum. 537. Flowers of a deep orange- colour, smaller than those of M. glaticum. Perhaps a hybrid between M. atireum and M. glaticum. Orange-coloured-flowered Fig-marigold. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1793. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 203 M. av'reum (Lin. syst. nat. ed. 10. p. 1050.) stem suf- fruticose, erect ; leaves cylindrically triquetrous, rather connate at the base, spreading, acute, full of pellucid dots, glaucous ; stigmas dark purple. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good ope. Curt. bot. mag. t. 262. D.C. pl. grass. t. 11. Haw. Obs. 333. misc. p. 84. syn. 263. rev. 148. Corollas of coppery golden colour, 2 inches in diameter, expanding in sunshine. Golden-flowered Fig-marigold. Fl. Mar. Oct. Clt. 1750. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. Suspryiston VI. Teretiv’scua (a dim. of teres, cylindrical ; leaves nearly cylindrical). Haw. rev. 150. Subshrubs. Leaves distinct, rarely connate at the base, nearly terete, without any papule, Calyx 5-cleft. Stigmas 5, except in one of the species, which vary to 7. § 37. Verruculata (from verrucula, a little wart; plants be- Set with little warts). D. C. prod. 3. p. 438.—Perfolvosa, Haw. mise. 81.—Calamiférmia erécta, Salm-Dyck. obs. 22.—Sebacea, Haw. rev. p. 155. Stems shrubby, erect, with short branches. Leaves crowded, connate, cylindrical, cbtuse, mealy-glaucous, soft, dotless, without papule. Flowers yellow or croceous. Calyx 5-cleft, Stigmas 5. Capsule small. 204 M. verrucura’rum (Lin. spec. 696.) stem erect ; leaves much crowded, very glaucous, cylindrical, hardly triquetrous, I. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM. 141 obtuse, and a little mucronate, sebaceous, longer than the inter- nodes. k. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.— Dill. elth. 259. D.C. pl. grass. t. 36. Haw. obs. 260. mise. 81. syn. 258. rev. 155. Flowers small, yellow, subumbellate, expanding in the evening. The stigmas are said to be 5, but Dillenius has seen them varying from 5-7. Warted Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1731. Sh. 14 ft. § 88. Crocea (from croceus, like saffron; colour of flowers). Haw. in phil. mag. aug. 1826. p. 128. Sub-shrubs with secund branches. Leaves thick, of a bluish glaucous colour, semi-terete at the base, obsoletely triquetrous at the apex. Flowers terminal, solitary, small, or middle-sized, scentless, at first yellow, but as they become older change to a copper-colour. Peduncles succulent. Calyx succulent, unequal. 205 M. tu'reum (Haw. in phil. mag. aug. 1826. p. 128.) leaves obtuse ; flowers small; stem branched, erect, stiff, with the nodes tumid, and throwing out roots. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. This species comes very near M. créceum, var. y, fldvo-croceum, but is taller, more slender, and more branched, and the leaves and flowers are much smaller. Corolla pale yellow, but becoming of a deeper colour as they fade. Yellow-flowered Fig-marigold. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 206 -M. tute‘otum (Haw. l. c. p. 129.) leaves crowded, acute at the apex, and a little recurved ; branches slender and dense ; flowers small. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. le‘ve, Thunb, prod. ? Flowers yellow, and more numerous than those of the last species. It differs from the last in the leaves and in the more dwarf stature. Small-yellow Fig-marigold. Fl. Ju.Jul. Clt. 1820. Sh. ft. 207 M. croceum (Jacq. fragm. t. 11. f. 2.) stem erect ; leaves crowded, semi-cylindrical, mealy, glaucous, bluntish, shorter than the internodes, somewhat sebaceous; lobes of calyx some- what unequal. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Haw. rev. 156. Leaves evidently connate. Petals obtuse, copper-coloured. : Var. B, purptreo-criceum (Haw. obs. 257. mise. 81. syn. 259. rev. 155.) flowers copper-coloured, purple on the outside. M. insititium, Willd. enum. 536. Hardly distinct from the species, _ and ought probably to be joined with it, according to Salm-Dyck. in litt. Var. y, flavo-criceum (Haw. rev. 155.) flowers yellow on both sides, but as they fade become copper coloured. Copper-coloured-flowered Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1780. Shrub 1 foot. § 39. Tenuiflora (from tenuis, slender, and flos, a flower ; slender flowers). Salm-Dyck, obs. 24. Haw. rev.—Fre- quentiflora, Haw. syn. 263. exclusive of the species. Stems shrubby ; branches slender, effuse. Leaves opposite, distinct, nearly terete, rather triquetrous or somewhat compressed, without papulæ. Flowers solitary, pedunculate, expanding in the morn- ing, yellow or scarlet. This section is nearly allied to Aúrea. 208 M. coccíneum (Haw. obs. 247. misc. 85. syn. 265. rev. 150.) stem shrubby, erect; leaves teretely triquetrous, rather compressed, obtuse, glaucescent ; peduncles smooth at the base ; lobes of calyx bluntish, nearly equal. k. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. D. C. pl. grass. t. 83. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 1033. Curt. bot. mag. 59. M. bicolòrum mìnus, Haw. obs. 246. M. bicolorum coccineum, Willd. spec. 2. p. 1059. Leaves shorter than in the following species. Petals scarlet on both surfaces. There are 2 varieties of this plant, the one with tuse leaves and the other with acute leaves. e ri Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1696. Shrub 14 foot. 142 FICOIDEZ. I. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM. 209 M. sicoròrum (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 485.) stem shrubby, erect ; leaves rather triquetrous, acute, green; peduncles and calyxes scabrous ; calycine lobes unequal. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.—Dill. elth. f. 258. Haw. obs. 241. misc. 85. syn. 265. rev. 151. This species is usually confused with M. coccineum, but the leaves are longer and the petals are yellow inside and scarlet outside. Stigmas shorter than the fila- ments. There are 2 varieties of this plant, one with erect branches and the other with spreading branches. Two-coloured-flowered Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1732. Shrub 14 foot. 210 M. inzqua'LE (Haw. syn. 266. rev. 151.) stem shrubby, erectish ; branches effusely decumbent; leaves rather trique- trous, deep green; fructiferous peduncles compressedly clavate ; lobes of calyx very unequal. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Brad]. succ. 7. bad. ex Haworth. Very like M. bicolorum, but differs in the branches being effuse, the flowers being paler on the outside, and in the calycine lobes being longer than the membrane. Unequal-calyxed Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1716. Shrub 1 foot. 211 M. renurrorrum (Lin. spec. 693.) stem shrubby, erect- ish; leaves semi-terete, rather compressed, subulate, green, glabrous, longer than the internodes; peduncles elongated, naked. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.—Dill. elth. E 236. D.C. pl. grass. t. 82. Bradl. succ. t. 9. Haw. obs. 239. misc. p. 86. syn. 267. rev. 151. Flowers of coppery red colour, There are varieties of this species with erect and procumbent stems. Slender-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1700. Shrub 1 foot. : 212 M. varia’site (Haw. mise. 85. syn. 266. rev. 152.) stem shrubby, effuse, rather decumbent ; leaves somewhat tri- quetrous, compressed, glaucous, scabrous ; lobes of calyx nearly equal. kh.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Petals yellow, at length becoming reddish. There are varieties of the species with distant and crowded leaves and branches. Variable Fig-marigold. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt.1796. Sh. 14 ft. § 40. Adiinca (from aduncus, hooked; leaves hooked at the apex). Salm-Dyck, obs. 25. Haw. rev. 152.—Adiinca clau- déntia, Haw. misc. 87. Stems suffruticose, hardly half a foot high. Leaves nearly terete, subulate, usually incurved, acutely ` hooked at the apex. Flomers solitary, expanding before meridian, and closing in the evening, small, reddish. Petals usually striated or white at the base. 213 M. sprntrérme (Haw. obs. 240. misc. 87. syn. 291. rev. 152.) stem suffruticose, with erect branches ; leaves cylindrical, subulate, spine-formed, erect, recurved at the apex; peduncles and keels of the bracteas rather scabrous. hi*DG. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Bark of branches dark. Flowers small, pale red, with the petals paler at the base. E Var. B, subadúncum (Haw. suppl. 96. ex rev. 152.). Leaves less hooked. r Spine- shaped Fig-marigold. Fl. Sept. O@. Clt. 1793. Sh. } ft. 214 M. curviròrium (Haw. misc. p. 88. syn. 290. rev. 152.) stems suffruticose ; branches firm, erectish, roughish, angularly compressed ; leaves rather distant, expanded at the base, and incurvedly recurved at the apex. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers numerous, middle-sized, pale red. Stigmas blackish. M. ceratophyllum, Willd. enum. suppl. p- 37. is referred to this species by the Prince de Salm-Dyck, but this is doubted by Haworth, who gives a different character to the plant. Curve-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Oct. Clt.1799. Sh. 4ft. 215 M. rLexròLum (Haw, suppl. 98. rev. 153.) stem suf- 8 fruticose; branches filiform, compressed, flexuous, decumbent, crowded ; leaves subulate, triquetrous, incurved below, recurved and rather flexuous above, and a little hooked at the apex. h.D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. This plant is 3 times smaller than the preceding species, and more depressed. Flowers unknown. There are varieties of this species with pale green and dark green leaves. Bent-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Oct. Clt. 1820. Sh. dee. 216 M. inconspr‘cuum (Haw. in phil. mag. aug. 1826, p. 128.) stems suffruticose, very stiff; leaves trigonal-semi- terete, small, hooked ; flowers solitary, minute, terminal. h, D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. A small, bushy subshrub, with spreading, ascending, or incurved, hard, glitter- ing branches; leaves glittering in the sunshine from papula, Flowers deep red, expanding in the morning. Inconspicuous Fig-marigold. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1823. Sh. 4ft. 217 M. apu’ncum (Haw. syn. 291. rev. p. 153.) stem shrubby; branches erect, much crowded ; leaves crowded, semi-cylindrical, acuminated, very much recurved at the apex. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers small, reddish, tipped with a deeper colour. Stigmas subulate, spreading, greenish yellow. This species is very like M. flexifòlium, but is less erect. Hooked-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Feb. Mar. Clt. 1795. Shrub 4 foot. 218 M. riticav'te (Haw. syn. 291. rev. 153.) stems tufted, suffruticose, filiform, very weak, creeping ; leaves much crowded, semi-cylindrical, acuminated. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Peduncles elongated, flexuous, bibracteate m the middle. Petals pale red inside, but of a deeper colour on the outside, and more so at the apex. Stigmas erect, subulate, reen. : Thread-stemmed Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1808. Shrub 4 foot. § 41. Haworthiana (in honour of A. H. Haworth, F.L.S.; who has done more to elucidate the succulent tribes of plants than any other individual). D.C. prod. 3. p. 439.—Cordllina, Haw. rev. 154. exclusive of M. cordllina perhaps.—Teretiiscula, Han. syn. 801.—Rubicinda, Salm-Dyck. obs. 23. Stems suffrut cose, smooth, erect; branches decussate, numerous, of a chesinut colour. Leaves somewhat cylindrical, subulate, elongated, glaw cous. Flowers solitary, showy, reddish, or white. 219 M. propvu’crum (Haw. in phil. mag. 1824. p. 424.) stem suffruticose, erect; branches finely decussate, numerous ; leaves crowded at the tops of the branches, semi-cylindrical, glau- cous, rather incurved, full of pellucid dots; flowers termina’ by threes ; calycine lobes unequal, two of which are long an the other three short. 2/.D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla rose-coloured. Stigmas 5, erect. Produced-calyxed Fig-marigold. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1822. Shrub 1 foot. i 220 M. stipuza‘ceum (Lin. spec. 693.) stem shrubby, and 1s as well as the branches erect; leaves teretely triquetrous, long, subulate, incurved, glaucous, full of pellucid dots, margined at the base. h. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope— Dill. elth. f. 267. and 268. Haw. obs. 256. misc. 65. syn. eee rev. 154, Axils usually bearing leaves, hence the metaphoric’ name of stipuldaceum, there being no stipules. Corolla light red, paler on the under side, 2 inches in diameter. fi Stipulaceous Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1723. Sh. 1 i 221 M. Hawértun (Willd. enum. suppl. 36. Donn, hor cant. ed. 6.) stem shrubby, erect; leaves crowded, compresse y cylindrical, attenuated at both ends, erect when young, bu spreading and glaucous when old. (Salm-Dyck. inlitt.). 2+ i G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Haw. syn. 302. 1°% FICOIDER, 154. Corolla purple, 2 inches in diameter. Bark of branches rufous or castaneous. Leaves distinct (ex Haw.), connate (ex Willd.), therefore perhaps there are 2 species confused. Hawmorth’s Fig-marigold. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1793. Sh. 1 ft. 222 M. tx'prpum (Haw. in phil. mag. 1826. p. 130.) leaves recurved at the apex, rather mucronate ; segments of calyx acu- minated, spreading, marcescent after flowering. h.D.G. Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. An erect, slender shrub. Leaves nearly as in M. prodictum. Flowers large, white, showy, opening before meridian, longer than the peduncles. Pretty Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1823. Sh. 1 ft. 223 M. ræve (Haw. mise. 64. syn. 302. rev. 154. but not of Thunb.) stem suffruticose, erect; leaves crowded, cylindrical, obtuse, arched, very glaucous, smooth. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. le've, Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 187.? Flowers unknown (ex Haw.), purple (ex Willd. and Salm- Dyck.). Smooth Fig-marigold. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1774. Sh. 14 ft. 224 M. cora’tuinum (Haw. rev. 154. but not of Thunb.) stem straight, much branched; leaves nearly terete, incurved, smooth, rather thicker in the middle, glaucous. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Very nearly allied to M. Hamérthii, but the stems are one half taller and the flowers smaller (ex Salm-Dyck. in litt.). Bark dark and bay-coloured (ex Haw.). Coral-stemmed Fig-marigold. Shrub 1 foot. § 42. Spindsa (from spinosus, full of thorns; the branches become hard and spinose at the tips after flowering). Salm- Dyck. obs. 25. Haw. rev. 153.— Teretiúscula species, Haw. syn. Stems shrubby, erect; branches stiff, hard, floriferous, usually spinescent after flowering. Leaves teretely triquetrous, distinct. Flowers reddish. 225 M. spindsum (Lin. spec. 693.) stem shrubby, erect ; branches hard, dichotomous, spinose after flowering ; leaves nearly distinct, teretely triquetrous, dotted. k.D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.—Dill. elth. f. 265. Bradl. succ. t. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. 39. Haw. obs. 338. misc. 66. syn. 303. rev. 153. Flowers small, purple. Spinose Fig-marigold. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1714. Sh. 1 ft. 226 M. mucronirerum (Haw. in phil. mag. 1823. p. 381.) stem shrubby, erect, straight ; leaves glaucescent, dotted, spread- ing, bluntly triquetrous, mucronulate ; flowers reddish, disposed by threes; peduncles permanent after flowering and spinose. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. pulveru- léntum, Willd. enum. 583. ex ill. Pr. Salm-Dyck. Mucrone-bearing Fig-marigold. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1821. Shrub 1 foot. Susprviston VII. Paputdsa (from papulosus, full of blis- ters; leaves beset with papule). D. C. prod. 3. p. 440.— apuldsa-teretifdlia, Haw. rev. p. 79. Shrubs, subshrubs or erbs. Leaves opposite, very rarely alternate, distinct, nearly terete, or thick at one end, channelled above, narrow, more oF less beset with glittering papillae. Calyx 4-6, but usually 5- cleft. Stigmas just so many. $43. Barbata (from barbatus, bearded; points of leaves). Salm- Dyck. obs. 27. Haw. rev. 190.—Barbif dlia, Haw. syn. 277. Stems suffruticose, branched. Leaves nearly terete, distinct, rather papulose, thick, bearded at the apex by 5 pale hairs, which are 5-10, rayed at the apex. Flowers flesh-coloured, rarely white, expanding in the sun. Calyx 5-8-cleft, with as many rk green tubercles on the torus. Stigmas 5-8. 227 M. sarsa rum (Curt. bot. mag. t. 70.) stem erect ; I. MresrEMBRYANTHEMUM. 143 branches effusely procumbent ; leaves rather remote, spreading, ending in 5-6 radiating hairs at the apex; base of calyx gla- brous ; lobes 5, nearly equal. k.D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.—Dill. elth. f. 234. D.C. pl. grass. t. 28. M. barbatum a, Lin. spec. 691. M. stelligerum, Haw. syn. 278. rev. 190. but not of phil. mag. M. barbatum, Haw. phil. mag. 1824. p. 61. Tubercles 5, dark green within the flower. Stig- mas 5. Flowers flesh-coloured. Bearded-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1705. Shrub 4 to 3 foot. 228 M. srevur'cerum (Haw. in phil. mag. 1824. p. 61. but not of his syn.) branches procumbent, elongated; leaves re- mote, half erect, terminating in 5 radiating hairs at the apex ; calyx glabrous at the base; lobes very unequal. kh. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. barbatum, Haw. syn. 277. rev. 190. but not of phil. mag. Bradl. succ. t. 5. Curt. bot. mag. 70. Perhaps merely a variety of M. barbatum. Star-bearing Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1793. 4 to 2 foot. 229 M. 1ntonsuM (Haw. in phil. mag. 1824. p. 62.) branches erectly decumbent, effuse, hispid ; leaves terminating in 10 ra- diating hairs at the apex; calyx girded by a black beard. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers reddish. Var. B, álbum (Haw. 1. c.) flowers at first white, but at length becoming reddish as they fade. Unshaved Fig-marigold. FI. July. Clt. 1824. Shrub 4 ft. 230 M. sursosum (Haw. in phil. mag. 1824. p. 428.) root tuberous; branches rather villous; leaves horizontal, crowded, terminating in 10 radiating hairs. k.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Root referrible to that of M. tuberdsum ; the rest of the plant comes nearest to M. inténsum. Flowers middle-sized, reddish. Bulbous-rooted Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1820. Sh. 1 ft. 231 M. srevia‘rum (Mill. dict. no. 14.) branches short, thick ; leaves tufted, hoary, thick, scabrous from papule, ter- minating in many radiating hairs at the apex, and ciliated at the base, greenish; peduncles very hairy; calyx hairy at the base, 6-8-lobed. hb. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. D. C. pl. grass. t. 29.—Dill. elth. f. 235. M. barbatum B, Lin. spec. 691. M. hirsùtum, Haw. misc. 105. syn. 279. M. stella- tum, Haw. rev. 191. phil. mag. 1824. p. 62. but not of his syn. Flowers pale red. Starry-haired Fig-marigold. Shrub $ foot. 232 M. pr’nsum (Haw. obs. p. 302. misc. 105. syn. 279. rev. 191. phil. mag. 1824. p. 62.) plant densely tufted ; leaves semi- terete, scabrous from papule, terminating in many radiating hairs, rather ciliated at the base, greenish; peduncles very hairy as well as the calyx, which is 6-cleft. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.—Dill. elth. f. 236. without a flower. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1220. Old stem thick, branched, very short. Flowers expanding in the heat of the sun, purple, larger than those of M. stellatum. Dense Fig-marigold. Sh. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1716. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1732. Sh. ft. 44, Echinàta (from echinatus, set with prickles; leaves). Salm-Dyck, obs. 27. Ham. rev. 189.—Hispifolia, Haw. syn. 975. Slems suffruticose, much branched. Leaves nearly terete, distinct, more or less hispid all over, as well as the branches. Lobes of calyx 5, leaf-formed. Corolla white or pale yellow. Stigmas 5, 233 M. ecuina’tuom (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 194.) stem erect, branched ; leaves oblong-ovate, filled, rather triquetrous, gib- bous, ramentaceously-echinated ; lobes of calyx leaf-formed, unequal, k. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. 144 FICOIDE Æ. Haw. obs. 288. misc. 103. syn. 276. rev. 189. D.C. pl. grass. t. 24. Jacq. schoenbr. t. 4387. M. setòsum, Mœnch. Flowers yellow. Var. P, álbum (Haw. 1. c.) flowers white. Hedge-hog Fig-marigold. Fl. Jul. Oct. Clt. 1774. Sh.4 to} ft. 234 M. srrumdsum (Haw. rev. 190.) stems decumbent, branched; leaves crowded, depressedly cylindrical, hispid all over ; lobes of calyx nearly equal; root at length tuberous. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla pale straw-coloured or white. Strumose Fig-marigold. § 45. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1820. Sh.łto4 ft. Hispida (from hispidus, bristly ; branches rough from bristles). D. C. prod. 3. p. 441.—Hispicailia, Haw. syn. 278. rev. 185. Salm-Dyck. obs. 26. Stems suffruticose, bushy ; branches hispid from bristles. Leaves distinct, cylindrical, papu- lose. Peduncles hispid. Flowers middle-sized, expanding before meridian, reddish, or rose-coloured, rarely white. Calyx 5-cleft. Stigmas 5. 235 M.carycr'num (Haw. rev. 187.) branches effuse; leaves cylindrical, rather filiform, obtuse, papulose ; two of the caly- cine lobes are foliaceous, much exceeding the other three in length ; stamens longer than the stigmas. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white. Long-calyxed Fig-marigold. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1819. Sh. 3 ft. 236 M. tusercura‘tum (D.C. in Pers. ench. 2. p. 44.) stems decumbent, much branched ; branches ascending ; leaves terete, acute, papulose, soft; branches, peduncles, and calyxes hispid ; calyx campanulate at the base; stamens hardly exceeding the stigmas. kh.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. hispifolium, Haw. suppl. 94. rev..189. Petals rose-coloured, but purplish above, with a deeper-coloured middle line. There is also a variety of this with white flowers. Tubercled Fig-marigold. Fl. Oct. Clt.1818. Shrub dee. 237 M. arrenva‘tum (Haw. rey. 188.) plant slender; branches decumbent, filiform; leaves semi-cylindrical, filled, obtuse, or nearly terete, papulose ; peduncles elongated ; calyxes hairy at the base. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, Petals at first white, or with a rose-coloured middle line, whence there is a rose-coloured circle in the flower. Alttenuated-branched Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1821. Shrub decumbent, 238 M. stria’tum (Haw. obs. 280. misc. 188.) stem erect; leaves semi-cylindrical, subulate, papulose ; calyx woolly ; sta- mens collected, length of stigmas. h.D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Capsule angular at the apex. Var. a, roseum (Haw. rev. 188.) petals pale rose-coloured, with a deeper-coloured line in the middle.—Dill. elth. f. 281. Var. P, pallens (Haw. 1. c.) petals white, each with a red line atthe base. D.C. pl. grass. t. 132. Striated- flowered Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Oct. Shrub Žž foot. 239 M. rrorrpu’'Npum (Haw. misc. p. 100. syn. 274. rev. 187.) branches spreading, very numerous ; leaves almost cylin- drical, somewhat incurved, papulose, obtuse ; calyxes hemisphe- rical, beset with papulose pili ; stamens not equalling the stigmas in length. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. hispidum £, pallidum, Haw. obs. 279. Flowers numerous, pale red; with the petals white at the base. Var. È, torquatum (Haw. rev. 187.) flowers fewer, larger and more remote; stamens exceeding the stigmas. According to Salm-Dyck this is not distinct from M. floribiindum, which are both perhaps referrible to M. striatum, var. B. Bundle-flowered Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Oct. Shrub 4 foot. 240 M. ca’npens (Haw. rev. p. 186.) branches long, weak, procumbent or prostrate; leaves cylindrical, incurved, canes- Clt. 1727. Clt. 1704. T. MresEMBRYANTHEMUM. cent, and glittering, obtuse. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers unknown. Leaves shining in the sun from papule. M. hirtéllum, Salm-Dyck. obs. p. 24. but not of Haw. Perhaps only a variety of M. hirté/lum. Var. a, glaucéscens (Salm-Dyck. in litt.) leaves glaucescent, M. candens, var. a, minus, Haw. in phil. mag. dec. 1831. 422, F : Var. P, viréscens (Salm-Dyck. in litt.) leaves greener ; branches less elongated. M. candens #, virideus, Haw. 1. c. Glittering Fig-marigold. Clt. 1820. Shrub pr. 241 M. nirre’ttum (Haw. obs. 284. exclusive of the syno- nymes, misc. 102. syn. 274. rev. 186.) stem erect, bushy ; leaves crowded, cylindrical, very blunt, beset with glittering papule ; calyx turbinate, beset with papulose pili; stamens equal in length to the stigmas. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, Flowers larger than those of any other species of this section, showy ; petals pale red, white at the base. Bristly Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Nov. Cit. 1792. Sh. $to 1 ft. 242 M. suscompre’ssum (Haw. in phil. mag. Aug. 1826. p. 131.) plant erect and twiggy ; leaves greenish-canescent, com- pressedly semi-terete, obliquely obtuse ; upper part of branches rather pilose. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers of a reddish violaceous colour. Var. B, minus (Haw. 1. c.) plant not half the size of the species. Subcompressed-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. July. Clt. 1829, Shrub 1 foot. 243 M. rurru‘reum (Haw. in phil. mag. Dec. 1831. p. 421.) shrub bushy ; branches crowded, straightish, stiff, furfuraceous; leaves cylindrical, very blunt, and are, as well as the calyx, beset with obsolete crystalline papule; flowers small, numerous. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers termi- nating the branches, usually solitary, very pale red. Furfuraceous Fig-marigold. Clt.1830. Shrub 1 foot. 244 M. nisripum (Lin. spec. 691.) stem erect, bushy ; leaves cylindrical, very blunt, green, glabrous, and covered with glit- tering papule, as well as the calyx, which is conical; stamens exceeding the stigmas. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.—Dill. elth. f. 278. D. C. pl. grass. t. 66. M. hispidum 4, Haw. obs. 277, M. hispidum, Haw. syn. 273. rev. 186. Flowers deep purple. Hispid Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1704. Sh. } to 1ft 245 M. susnisrrpum (Haw. in phil. mag. Dec. 1831. p. 421.) stem erect; branches and peduncles usually without hairs ; leaves cylindrical, very blunt, and are, as well as the obcon! calyxes, glabrous, greenish, and covered with glittering papv® k. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. hispidum p platypétalum, Haw. rev. 186. Petals pale purple, whitish at the base, emarginate at the apex. Very like M. hispidum, but taller, less branched; but the branches are longer, more erect, and straight, and the flowers paler. Subhispid Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1704. Sh. 1 foot. § 46. Aspericaúlia (from asper, rough, and caulis, a stemi stems rough). Haw. misc. 97. rev 182. Salm-Dyck, obs. 26. Stems shrubby, hardly a foot and a kalf high ; branches filiform scabrous. Leaves distinct, remote, nearly terete, glittering rem papule, Flowers expanding before meridian; reddish or p> per-coloured. Calyx 5-cleft. Stigmas 5, but in one of the species the calyx is 6-cleft, and the stigmas are 6. * Flowers reddish. 246 M. PULVERULE'NTUM (Haw. obs. 265. misc. 89. syn. at rev. 185. but not of Willd.) stem erect; branches crowd d leaves cylindrically triquetrous, obtuse, dotted with white, pow" dery, scabrous; calyx 6-cleft. h. D.G, Native of the Cape | | . l | l FICOIDEZA. I. of Good Hope. Flowers almost like those of M. barbatum, reddish. Stigmas 6, recurved at the apex. Pondery Fig-marigold. Fl. May. Cit. 1792. Sh. 4 to 1 foot. - 247 M. sessize (Thunb. fl. cap. 419.) stem erect, terete ; branches flexuous, divaricate; leaves globosely trigonal, very blunt, glabrous; flowers sessile. %}.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves a line long. Flowers red. Sessile-flowered Fig-marigold. Shrub 1 foot. 248 M. susctoposum (Haw. syn. 273. rev. 185.) branches numerous, filiform, divaricate, rather decumbent; leaves ex- panded, rather papulose, very short, cylindrically subglobose. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. capillare, Thunb. fl. cap. 419, but not of others. M. subglobdsum and M. brevifdlium a, Haw. mise. 62. and 99. Flowers red. Subglobose-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1795. Shrub 1 foot. _ 249 M. erevirorivm (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 188.) stems erect- ish; branches diffuse, filiform, numerous; leaves cylindrical, very blunt, spreading, papulose. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. brevifdlium, Haw. misc. p: 99: var. B; syn. 272, rev, 185. M. erigerifòlium, Jacq. hort. vind. t. 477. ex Salm-Dyck in litt. Corolla small, red. Short-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1777. Sh. 1ft. 250 M. rarviròrium (Haw. rev. 184. but not of Lam.) stem erectish ; branches rather crowded, filiform, rough, hard ; leaves grain-formed, expanded, bluntly triquetrous, rather glittering from papulæ. p. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla expanding in the day time, deep purple, nearly like that of M. hispidum, but one-half smaller. Stigmas 5, erect, green. Small-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1820. Sh. 4 to 1 ft. 251 M. osr'evum (Haw. rev. 183. but not of Willd.) stem erect ; branches filiform, hard, roughish, erectish ; leaves distant, cylindrical, obtuse, small, glittering from papulæ, with one of the pair deflexed, and the other opposite it ascending. k. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Ker, bot. reg. 863. Pe- tals purple, spreading, acute. Stamens erect, collected, white. Flowers 9-10 lines in diameter. Oblique-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1819. Sh, 1 ft. ** Flowers copper-coloured or yellow. 252 M. rra'vum (Haw. rev. 183.) stem erectish; branches very slender, scabrous from dots; leaves nearly terete, rather attenuated at both ends, glittering from papule, erectly incurved or variously bent ; lobes of calyx obtuse, nearly equal. h. D. _ Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla expanded half an inch broad, of a golden yellow-colour, rather reddish on the outside ; filaments white. ; Yellow-flowered Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub z to 1 foot. 253 M. mrcans (Lin. spec. 696.) stem erect; branches sca- brous ; leaves semi-cylindrical, bluntish, rather recurved, glit- tering from papulz; lobes of calyx and petals acutish. h. D; Native of the Cape of Good Hope.—Dill. elth. f. 283. and 423. Bradl. suce. t. 8. Curt. bot. mag. 448. D.C. pl. grass. t. 158. Haw. obs. 268. and 423. misc. 98. syn. 271. rev. 182. Flowers pedunculate, copper-coloured, an inch and a half in dia- meter, with dark sterile filaments. Stigmas 5, thick, and greenish. Glittering Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1704. Sh. 14 ft. 254 M. macura'rum (Haw. syn. 271. rev, 182.) stems erect, covered with rough spots; leaves expanded, remote, obtuse, semi-cylindrical, and rather compressed, papulose. k. D G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. maculàtum and M. micans 8, Haw. misc. 99. Flowers unknown. : r tted-stamened Fig-marigold. Cit. 1732. Shrub 13 foot. 255 M. sreciðsum (Haw. obs. 867. misc. 98. syn. 270. rev. VOL. I MESEMBRYANTHEMUM. 145 182.) stem erect, with scabrous branches ; leaves semi-cylindri- cal, subulate, acutish, incurved, glittering a little from papulæ ; lobes of calyx and petals obtuse; corolla rather funnel-shaped. k. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla large, deep scarlet, with a green base, less than that of M. micans, ex- panding in the height of the sun. Elegant Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1793. Shrub 14 ft. § 47. Trichétoma (the flowers are disposed by threes, or in a trichotomous manner). Haw. rev. 178. Tuberdsa. Salm-Dyck, obs. 25. Erect branched subshrubs. Leaves usually nearly cy- lindrical, and glittering in the sun from papule. Calyx 5-cleft. Flowers small, disposed by threes, of various colours, but usually of a yellowish coppery-colour.—An artificial section. 256 M. Tuperosvum (Lin. spec. 693.) stem erect, branched ; leaves rather triquetrous, compressed, beset with minute papula, recurved at the apex; flowers trichotomous ; root tuberous, hard. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.— Dill. elth. f. 264. D.C. pl. grass. t. 78. Haw. obs. 271. misc. 89. syn. 253. rev. 170. Peduncles usually permanent and spinose, as in M. spindsum. Flowers small, flesh-coloured. Stigmas 5, rarely 6, ex Haw. Tuberous-rooted Fig-marigold. Fl. June, Oct. Shrub 2 to 8 feet. 257 M. mecarutzum; root large, tuberous; stem erect, branched; leaves recurvely hooked; branches erect, thong- formed, flexile. %.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Very like M. tuberdsum, but differs from it in the principal stem being more equal in thickness ; and in the flowers being more numerous and white. M. macrorhizum, Haw. in phil. mag. Nov. 1826. p. 332. but not of D. C. Large-rooted Fig-marigold. FI. Shrub 2 feet. 258 M. resta‘ceum (Haw. suppl. 97. rev. 178.) stem shrubby, leaves semi-terete, rather triquetrous, glaucescent ; Cit. 1714. Cit. 1824. May, Aug. erect ; cen flowers disposed in trichotomous umbels. h.D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stems 2-3 feet high. Flowers small, of a coppery-colour, pedunculate. Petals in one series. Both the fertile and sterile stamens are snow white, collected into a cone. Testaceous-flowered Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1820. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 259 M. tricno’romum (Thunb. fl. cap. 419.) stem straight ; branches divaricate; leaves connate, trigonal, obtuse; flowers terminal, sessile; calyx 4-cleft. .D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. It differs from M. geniculiflorum in the leaves being connate, and without papule, and in the flowers being red. Stigmas 4, purple, short. Trichotomous Fig-marigold. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 260 M. sustnca‘num (Haw. in phil. mag. Dec. 1824. p. 427.) stem firm, branched, erect; leaves expanded, compressed, tri- gonal, rather canescent, soft, recurved, and mucronulate at the apex; flowers terminal, disposed by threes ; lobes of calyx 5, unequal, hk. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers middle-sized, snow white, expanding before meridian. This species is most nearly allied to M. trichétomum. 3 Rather-hoary Fig-marigold. Fi. Aug, Sept. Clt. 1820. Sh. 2 to 3 feet, 261 M. pecussa`rum (Thunb. fl. cap. p. 414.) stem shrubby, trichotomous ; branches erect ; leaves connate, linear-semiterete, rather papulose ; flowers edunculate, solitary. k. DG Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers spreading, snow white, Calyx 5-cleft. Decussate-leaved Fig-marigold. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 262 M. pracmia`tum (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 119.) stem much branched ; branches trichotomous, papulose ; leaves cylindrical, 146 papulose. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Haw. obs. 25. misc. 58. (exclusive of the synonyme of Thunb.) syn. 234. rev. 178. but not of D.C. Flowers yellow. Armed Fig-marigold. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1774. Sh. 14 foot. FICOIDEZ. § 48. Spinulifera (from spinula, a little thorn, and fero, to bear; leaves appearing like little thorns, when old). Haw. rev. 176. Salm-Dyck, obs. 26. Stems suffruticose, usually strumose at the base; branches rather fleshy, papillose, when old they ap- pear asif they were spiny from the permanent remains of the dried leaves. Leaves cylindrical, papulose, opposite, somewhat channelled. Flowers expanding before meridian, fulvous or greenish red. Calyx 5-cleft. Stigmas 5. 263 M. srınurr rerum (Haw. obs. 206. and 443. misc. 57. syn. 252. rev. 176.) caudex and branches erect and thickened ; leaves crowded, semi-terete, channelled, papulose ; peduncles ter- minal, subumbellate. kh.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla an inch in diameter, straw-coloured. Spine-bearing Fig-marigold. Fl. Ju. Oct. Clt. 1794. Sh. 1 ft. 264 M. toneispr’NuLum (Haw, in phil. mag. Dec. 1824. p. 426.) branches few, procumbent, nodosely strumose at the base; leaves linear, channelled, and are, as well as the branches, papu- lose; old leaves permanent, long, hard, and spine-like; flowers usually solitary; peduncles strong, subclavate. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Petals pale yellow or straw- coloured. Stigmas 5, erect. Long -spined Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1820. Shrub procumbent. 265 M. satmoneum (Haw. rev. p. 176.) stems rather fili- form, weak, elongated, prostrate ; leaves linear, furrowed, longer than the internodes, beset with sordid papule ; roots at length strumose above. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers trichotomous, small, at first of a salmon colour, but afterwards becoming white inside. Stigmas 5, erect. Salmon-coloured-flowered Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1819. Shrub pr. 266 M. canaticuta‘tum (Haw. obs. 218. misc. 57. syn. 253. rev. 177.) stems procumbently prostrate, filiform ; leaves linear- semiterete, covered with shining papule. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla pale rose-coloured. Old stems half a foot high. Channelled-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Oct. Shrub pr. 267 M. viripirLorum (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 196.) caudex thickened ; branches diffuse, knotted ; leaves semiterete, beset with papulose hairs ; calyx hairy, pedunculate. h.D.G. Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Curt. bot. mag. t. 326. D.C. pl. grass. t. 159. Jacq. fragm. t. 52.f. 2. Petals very narrow, greenish. Stigmas 5, joined in one body. Green-flowered Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Nov. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 268 M. créssum (Haw. misc. p. 57. syn. 252. rev. 176.) cau- dex thickened; branches effusely decumbent; leaves linear, nearly terete, obtuse, attenuated at both ends, papulose. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. gróssum, M. carneum, and M. ageregatum, Haw. obs. 205, 206. and 419. Corolla middle-sized, pale, at length becoming of a reddish straw colour. Coarse Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1774. Shrub 1 ft. 269 M. TENUIFLÒRUM (Jacq. fragm. t. 32. f. 3.) stems dif- fuse, weak, cinereous; leaves semiterete, obtuse, channelled, spreading, beset with crystalline papule; flowers 1-2, termi- nal, on short peduncles. k.D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Petals linear-filiform, of a dirty red-colour. Slender-flowered Fig-marigold. Fl, July, Nov. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1 foot. Clt. 1794. CH 1774; 8 I. MresEMBRYANTHEMUM. 270 M. ni‘ripum (Haw. obs. 412. mise, 57. syn. 243, rey, 177.) stem erect ; branches slender, effuse, knotted ; leaves semi- terete, beset with glittering papulz;-flowers terminal, usually by threes. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers yellow. Salm-Dyck ex Spreng. nov. prov. 27. M. brachiatum, D. C. pl. grass. t. 129. M. pruindsum, Thunb. fl. cap. 425. ex Salm-Dyck and Spreng. but according to Haworth this species differs in the stem being decumbent, and in the branches being bent. Shining Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1790. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. § 49. Noctiflòra (from nox, the night, and flos, a flower; flowers expanding at night). Haw. syn. 259. rev. 179. Salm- Dyck, obs. 23. Slender subshrubs, almost without leaves at the base, at length becoming thickened at the roots; with elongated branches. Leaves distinct, cylindrical, glaucous, remote, dotless, soon falling off. Flowers usually by threes, terminal, white, rose- coloured or straw-coloured on the outside, expanding in the even- ing. Calyx turbinate, 4-cleft. Stigmas 4. 271 M. nocrirrdrum (Lin. spec. 689.) stems suffruticose; branches erect, with white bark; leaves rather remote, obso- letely semicylindrical, glaucous ; peduncles biternately cymose. hk. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Haw. rev. 179. Lodd. bot. cab. 495. Var.a, Phoeniceum (Haw. rev. 179.) flowers white inside, and scarlet outside, very sweet-scented.—Dill. elth. f. 262. noctifldrum, D. C, pl. grass. t. 10. Haw. obs. 251. misc. 63. syn. 260. } Var. B, stramineum (Haw. rev. 179. but not of Willd.) flowers white inside, and straw-coloured on the outside.—Dill. elth. f. 263. ; Var. y? elatum (Haw. rev. 180.) leaves longer, semi-erect, white from mealiness, cylindrically triquetrous, at length re- flexed ; flowers by threes, white inside, and rose-coloured on the outside. Perhaps a proper species. Night-flowering Fig-marigold. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1714. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 272 M. Fu’tvum (Haw. rev. p. 180.) stem suffruticose ; bark of branches brownish-grey ; leaves remote, nearly cylindrical, glaucescent, exactly half erect; flowers by threes. R. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. stramineum, Haw. obs» 252. (exclusive of the synonyme of Dillenius,) misc. 63, sy®™ 261. but not of Willd. “Flowers fulvous, but white on the m- side. Ovarium top-formed. Perhaps distinct from the pre- ceding species, according to the Prince de Salm-Dyck in litt. Fulvous-flowered Fig-marigold. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820, Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 273 M. ctava‘tum (Jacq. hort. schoenbr. t. 108.) stem erect, sparingly branched; leaves nearly terete, remote, horizontal; peduncles clavate, aggregate, cymose. h. D. G. Native 0 the Cape of Good Hope. M. defoliàtum, Haw. misc. 83. rev 181. Flowers white. Var. B, horizontàle (D.C. prod. 3. p. 445.) flowers straw- coloured, but white on the inside, disposed by threes. er rizontale, Haw. syn. 261. rev. 181. M. stramineum a, Haw. misc. 63. exclusive of the synonymes. Perhaps a proper meer Clavate-peduncled Fig-marigold. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1795. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. § 50. Geniculiflòra (from geniculum, a little knee, and flos, 5 flower; from the flowers rising in the knees or forks of : branches). D. C. prod. 3. p. 445. Stems frutescent, erect. Lo opposite, distinct, papulose, semi-terete. Flowers sessile m the for of the branches, solitary, yellowish, expanding in the day tme: 274 M. cenicutirLorum (Lin. spec. 688.) stem frutescen’ erect; leaves distinct, semi-terete, papulose ; flowers sessile FICOIDEZ. I. solitary in the forks of the branches; calyx 4-cleft. h.D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, and of Egypt and Arabia.— Dill. elth. f. 261. Bradl. suce. t. 34. D.C. pl. grass. t. 17. Haw. syn. 254. misc. 59. rev. 167. Petals pale yellow. Stig- mas 4, erect, short. Knee-flonered Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1727. Shrub 1 foot. § 51. Splendéntia (from splendens, shining ; in reference to the leaves, which are covered with glittering papulz, which shine in the sun). D.C. prod. 3. p. 445.—Digitiflora and Crassulina, Haw. rev. 170. and 172.—Teretitscula albiflora, Salm-Dyck, obs, p. 23. Stems suffruticose, branched, erect. Leaves oppo- site, distinct, somewhat cylindrical, when young furrowed above, beset with papillæ more or less, which glitter in the sun. Flowers middle-sized, solitary, rarely by threes, white, expanding before meridian, Calyx generally 5-lobed, rarely 4 or 6-lobed, usually leaf-formed. Stigmas as many as there are calycine lobes. 275 M. crassutr'num (D.C. prod. 3. p. 445.) stem suffruti- cose, erect, decumbent; branches numerous, rather effuse ; leaves crowded, thick, linear-lanceolate, channelled, almost with- out papulæ, green; flowers solitary; 3 of the segments of ca- lyx membranous at the base, and 2 larger than the rest. h. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. crassuloides, Haw. rev. 170. Flowers expanding before meridian; petals 4 lines long, white, but at length becoming pale rose-coloured. Stigmas 5, which after fecundation are very conspicuous above the anthers. Crassula-like Fig-marigold. F). July, Aug. Clt. 1819. Sh. decumbent. _ 276 M. iwcémprum (Haw. suppl. 96. rev. 171.) stem suffru- ticose, branched, bushy ; leaves crowded, rather papulose, erectly imbricating, semi-terete, firm, almost subulate; flowers by threes ; peduncles clavate; lobes of calyx finger-shaped, acute. k. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Plant half a foot high, pale green. Corolla snow white. Stigmas 5, ramen- taceous, equal in length to the anthers. Undecked Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1819. Sh. 3 ft. 277 M. srLe'Noens (Lin. spec. 689.) stem-shrubby, erect, much branched; leaves distinct, crowded, semi-terete, obtuse, Spreading, somewhat recurved, dotless, rather papulose ; flowers solitary ; lobes of calyx finger-shaped. h.D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.—Dill. elth. f. 260. D. C. pl. grass. t. 35. Haw. obs. 209. misc. 61. syn. 257. rev. 172. Flowers middle-sized, white, shining. Calyx 5-cleft. Stigmas 5, thick, but subulate at the apex. Shining Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.1716. Sh. 1} ft. 278 M. surca`rum (Haw. rev. p. 173.) stem shrubby, erect ; leaves crowded, linear-subulate, semi-terete, channelled, pale- green, adult ones expanded, semi-terete; lobes of calyx leaf- ormed, acute. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. lowers white, Stigmas 5, erect, not exceeding the stamens. erhaps only a variety of M. spléndens. Furrowed Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1819. Shrub 2 to 3 feet, 279 M. acumina rum (Haw. in phil. mag. 1824. vol. 64. p- 426.) stem and branches erect; leaves crowded, semi-terete, acuminated, green ; lobes of calyx 5, 2 of which are much more Prolonged than the other 3. h. D.G. Native of the Cape of ood Hope. Allied to M. sulcàtum, but differs from all the Species of this section in the lobes of the calyx being very un- equal. Corolla white, expanding before meridian. Acuminated-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1820. rub 1 to 2 feet. 280 M. arsicav’te (Haw. in phil. mag. Nov. 1826. p. 331.) stem and branches erect, slender, and whitish; leaves subulate, MEsEMBRYANTHEMUM. 147 green, semi-terete, a little recurved, and mucronulated at the apex. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white. Like M. acumindtum in habit, but three times smaller. White-stemmed Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1824, Shrub 1 foot. 281 M. rrexvdsum (Haw. misc. p. 61. syn. 257. rev. 172.) stem suffruticose, and is, as well as the branches, flexuous, slen- der, and shining; leaves crowded, flexuously incurved, very green, semi-terete; lobes of calyx finger-shaped. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white, reddish on the outside. Stigmas 4-5. Flexuous-branched Fig-marigold. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1795. Shrub 14 foot. 282 M. rasricia‘tum (Haw. rev. 173. but not of Thunb.) stems slender, erect at first, but at length becoming decumbent ; leaves crowded, flexuously reflexed, subulate, semi-terete, glau- cescent ; lobes of calyx equal, 3 of which are membranous on both sides. h. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla of a dirty fulvous-colour on the outside, white and paler on the inside. M. fastigiatum, Haw. misc. p. 60. exclusive of the synonyme of Bradl. Var. B, refléxum (Haw. rev. p. 173.) lobes of calyx-unequal ; stem erect. M. refléxum, Haw. misc. 60. var. a. Fastigiate Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1794. Sh. 1 ft. 283 M. UMBELLIFLÒRUM (Jacq. ex Willd. enum. 534.) stem erect ; leaves distinct, nearly terete, papulose ; branchlets 1-flow- ered. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. The rest unknown. Perhaps only a variety of M. fastigiatum, Haw. or a proper species, ex Haw. rey. 174.? Umbel-flowered Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Sept. Shrub 14 foot. 284 M. toner’stytum (D.C. pl. grass. t. 147.) stem suffru- ticose; branches elongated; leaves opposite, distinct: when young linear-filiform, but at length becoming a little keeled, acute, and minutely papulose; peduncles 1-flowered ; calyx 5- cleft, with 2 or 3 of the lobes having hyaline margins ; stigmas 5, exceeding the stamens. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. pallens, Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 3. t. 279. but not of Ait. M. palléscens 3, Haw. rev. p. 174. Flowers white, or somewhat rose-coloured, half an inch in diameter. Var. B, purpurascens (D. C. prod. 3. p. 446.) flowers pur- plish. M. palléscens a, Haw. rev. 174. M. refléxum ĝ, Haw. misc. 64. Long-styled Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1820. Shrub 14 foot. Cit. 1820. § 52 Júncea (from junceus, like a bull-rush, slender ; stems), Haw. rev. p. 175.—Articulata, Salm-Dyck, obs. p. 24. Stems suffruticose or herbaceous, rather erect ; branches slender, green. Leaves opposite, distinct, small, linear-subulate, slender, deciduous when dry, whence the stems appear to be articulated from the cicatrices of the fallen leaves. Flowers small, pedunculate, white or reddish. Calyx 4-cleft. Stigmas 4. 285 M. su’nceum (Haw. misc. 175. syn. 255. rev. 59.) stem shrubby, much branched ; branches articulated, filiform; leaves subulate, semi-terete, acute, remote; flowers terminal, dichoto- mous ; lobes of calyx 4, very unequal. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla small ; petals reddish, but whitish at the base. Stigmas 4, erect, a little longer than the filaments. M. aphyllum, Hortul. M, articulatum, Thunb. fl. cap. 415.? Rushy Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1800. Sh. 1 ft. 286 M. cranuticav'Le (Haw. in phil. mag. 1824. vol. 64. p. 424.) stem very slender, suffruticose; branches terete, dotted from numerous grains; leaves very narrow, obtuse, glaucescent, semi-terete, longer than the internodes, k.D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers unknown, u2 148 Granular-stemmed Fig-marigold. Clt. 1820. Shrub 14 foot. 287 M. micra’nTHUM (Haw. syn. 257. rev. 174.) stem suffru- ticose, slender, much branched ; leaves linear, keeled, dotless, distinct; peduncles 1-flowered ; calyx 4-cleft, having 2 of the lobes very long, and 2 very short. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. parviflérum, Jacq. hort. schcenbr. 3. t. 278. but not of Haw. Corolla small, snow white, shorter than the calyx. Stigmas 4, spreading. Small-flowered Fig-marigold. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1804. Shrub 14 foot. 288 M. re’nve (Haw. rev. p. 175.) stem suffruticose; branches effuse, very slender, rather secund, articulated ; leaves linear, channelled, erect, very slender. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves hardly half an inch long. Flowers unknown. Perhaps different from M. micrénthum. Weak Fig-marigold. Clt. 1819. Shrub 1 foot. 289 M. rava‘ceum (Jacq. fragm. 43. t. 52. f. 1.) root tu- berous; stem herbaceous; branches terete, and somewhat articulated; leaves distinct, terete, obtuse, dotted, spreading much ; peduncles 1-flowered ; lobes of calyx filiform ; stigmas 5, spreading. 4%. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers snow white, 9-10 lines in diameter. Lobes of calyx nearly equal, or very unequal. Turnip-like-rooted Fig-marigold. Pl. 1 foot. § 53. Nodiflora (from nodus, a knot, and flos, a flower ; flowers rising from the knots of the stem, or axils of the leaves). D. C. prod. 3. p. 446.—Cylindracea, Haw. rev. 163. Salm-Dyck, obs. 15. Roots annual. Stems herbaceous, branched. Leaves nearly terete or linear, thick, opposite, rarely alternate, papulose. Flowers axillary, nearly sessile. Calyx 4-5-lobed, exceeding the petals, which are small and white. Stigmas 4-5. 290 M. noprrLo6rum (Lin. spec. 687.) stem erectish; leaves opposite and alternate, nearly terete, obtuse, ciliated at the base; flowers axillary, nearly sessile ; lobes of calyx very unequal, ex- ceeding the petals, which are small. ©. D. G. Native of Egypt, Barbary, Corsica, and Naples, in sandy places by the sea side. D.C. pl. grass. t. 88. Smith, fl. greece. t. 480.—Moris. hist. sect. 5. t. 37. f. 7.—Haw. rev. 166.—Column. ecphr. 2. t. 73. This species is often confused with the two following. Perhaps the calyx is 4-cleft, as mentioned by Haworth, but in some plants which have been examined it has been found to be 5-cleft. Knot-flomered Fig-marigold. FI. Aug. Oct. 4 foot. 291 M. Córrtıcum (Lin. spec. 688.) stem nearly erect; leaves distinct, semi-terete,, papulose ; flowers sessile in the forks of the branches ; calyx 5-cleft, exceeding the petals, which are small. ©. D.G. Native of Egypt. Willd. spec. 2. p. 1037. Coptic Fig-marigold. Pl. 1 foot. 292 M. ape’tatum (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 258.) stem diffuse, rather prostrate ; leaves papulose, distinct, stem-clasping, linear, flat above, longer than the internodes; flowers pedunculate ; calyx 5-cleft, much exceeding the petals, which are very small. ©.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. apétalum, Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 180. Haw. rev. 165. M. Cépticum, Jacq. hort. vind. 3. t. 6. Petals 14-18, white. Stigmas 5, short. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from M. Cépticum. Apetalous Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.1774. Sh. pr. 293 M. capvv'cum (Ait. hort. kew, 2. p. 179.) leaves semi- terete, filiform, distinct, beset with ovate papulæ ; flowers lateral, sessile, terminal, girded by a pair of leaves. ©.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. The rest unknown. Caducous Fig-marigold. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1774. Pl. 1 ft. Clt. 1739. PI. Suspivision VIII. Praxiròrra (from planus, level or flat, FICOIDER. I. MeseMBRYANTHEMUM. and folium, a leaf; leaves flat). Haw. misc. p. 43. but not of rev.—Papuldsa, with flat leaves, Haw. rev. 79.—A’nnua plani- fdlia, Salm-Dyck, obs. 15. Herbs or subshrubs. Leaves flat, beset with papule. § 54. Scapdsa (from scapus, a scape or stalk ; in reference to the peduncles). D. C. prod. 3. p. 447.—Limpida, Han. rev. 162. Annual nearly stemless herbs. Leaves opposite, almost all radical, linear or cuneiform, quite entire, papulose. Peduncles 1-flowered, rising from the root like scapes. Flowers expanding in sunshine. Lobes of calyx 5, unequal. Petals dis- posed in one or two series. Sterile filament none. Stigmas 5. The four last species of this section are hardly known. 294 M. cunrIròLIUM (Jacq. coll. 2. p. 319. icon. rar. 3. t. 488.) stem short, branched from the base, herbaceous ; leaves opposite, cuneiform, flat, obtuse, rather scabrous from papulæ; flowers pedunculate ; lobes of calyx 5, unequal, larger ones ob- long, and contracted in the middle. ©. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. D.C. pl. grass. t. 134. M. límpidum, Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 183. Haw. misc. 36. syn. 245. rev. 162. Petals purple, paler on the outside. Stamens very short. Stigmas 5, erect. Wedge-leaved Fig-marigold. FI. July. Clt. 1774. Pl. ft 295 M. vyro‘peum (Haw. suppl. p. 99.) plant almost stem- less; leaves linear, broadest at the apex, obtuse, rather scabrous from papulæ; flowers pedunculate ; lobes of calyx 5, oblong, one of them very long. ©. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. tricolor, Willd. hort. berol. t. 22. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2144, but not of Haw. M. pyrdpeum a, Haw. suppl. 99. M. tricolor a, Haw. rev. 163. but not of his syn. Petals shining, greenish-purple, white at the base. Anthers black. Var. P, roseum (D. C. prod. 3. p. 447.) flowers rose-coloured: M. pyrdpeum var. 6, Haw. suppl. 99. M. rdseum, Haw. Var. y, álbum (Haw. rev. 163.) flowers white. M. lineare, Thunb. fl. cap. 411. Wheat-leaved Fig-marigold. PI. 4 foot. 296 M. erami neum (Haw. misc. 55. exclusive of the syn. of Thunb.) plant almost stemless ; leaves linear ; scapes filiform; lobes of calyx 5, lanceolate, longer than the corolla. ©.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.—Petiv. gaz. t. 88. f. 7. Corolla yellow. This species is not sufficiently known. Perhaps it comes nearest to M. tricolor. Grassy-leaved Fig-marigold. PI. + foot. 297 M. criniridrum (Hout. pfl. syst. 2. p. 53.) plant almost stemless; leaves radical, connate, obovate, papulose ; peduncles rising from the root like scapes; calycine lobes 5, oval, a them longer than the rest. ©.D.G. Native of the Cape 0 Good Hope. Thunb. fl. cap. 411. M. spatulatum, Thunb. m Willd. spec. 2. p. 1025. Flowers white. Hair-flowered Fig-marigold. PI. 3 foot. $ 298 M. sasuròsum (Thunb. fl. cap. 422.) plant almost stem- less; leaves radical, stem-clasping, oblong, flat, acutish, w rowed above; calycine lobes 5, oblong. ©. D.G. Native ° the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers yellow. Gravelly Fig-marigold. Pl. 1 foot. t 299 M. cravirérme (D. C. prod. 3. p. 448.) plant pe stemless ; leaves clavate, obtuse ; flowers terminal. . D. M. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.—Petiv. gaz. t. 88. f. 7 clavatum, Haw. obs. 471. misc. 56. rev. 164. but not of Jaci: Flowers golden yellow. Species hardly known. Club-formed-leaved Fig-marigold. Pl. 4 foot. § 55. Platyphijlla (from mħarvc, platys, broad, and pair phyllon, aleaf; leaves broad). Haw. rev. p. 156. Roots anm or biennial. Stems herbaceous. Leaves flat, variable in fi ores i are papulose, as well as the branches. Flowers of various ¢ Calyx 5-cleft. Stigmas 5. FICOIDE Æ. 300 M. crRYsTA'LLINUM (Lin, spec. 688.) plant diffusely pro- cumbent, herbaceous, covered with large glittering papulæ on every part, which makes the plant appear as if covered with ice; leaves ovate, alternate, stem-clasping, undulated; flowers axil- lary, almost sessile. ©. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, Canary Islands; and of Greece, about Athens, in the sand by the sea side. Smith, fl. græc. t. 481.—Dill. elth. f. 22. Bradl. succ. t. 48. D. C. pl. grass. t. 128. Haw. misc. 43. Flowers white. There are two varieties of this plant; one a biennial, which is said to be the true M. crystállinum; and the other an annual, which is the common ice-plant of the gardens, which is called by Haw. M. glaciàle. The whole plant is covered with glittering white papule, that shine in the sun, whence it is called ice-plant; others name it the diamond-plant. Crystalline Fig-marigold or Ice-plant. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1775. Pl. procumbent. 301 M. cri'spum (Haw. misc. 44. rev. 157.) leaves alternate, ovate,’ petiolate, undulated; petals minute. ©.H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.—Petiv. gaz. t. 88. f. 5. M. crispà- tum, Haw. obs. 470. Flowers reddish. This species is hardly known. Curled-leaved Fig-marigold. PI. pr. 302 M. pinnatrrivum (Lin. fil. suppl. 260.) stems diffuse ; leaves opposite, oblong, bluntly pinnatifid, papulose; petals shorter than the calyx. ©.H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, and also said to be a native of Chili. Curt. bot. mag. t. 67. D. C. pl. grass. t. 142. Haw. obs. 112. misc. 44, syn. 244, rev. 157. Stems reddish, papulose. Petals small, yellow in one series. Stigmas 5, ascending. Flowers small in the forks of the branches, pedunculate. A aia he Fig-marigold. . pr. _803 M. szssiuirtdrum (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 193.) branches divaricate; leaves flat, spatulate, and are, as well as the stems, beset with papule; flowers sessile. ©. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers yellow. Haw. syn. p. 247. Var. B, álbum (Haw. rev. 158.) flowers white; leaves ovate, petiolate : upper ones alternate; flowers panicled, small. ¢. . Perhaps a proper species, but is not sufficiently known, Sessile-flowered Fig-marigold. Fl. July. Clt. 1774. Pl. pr. 304 M. tanceoza‘rum (Haw. misc. 45. rev. 159.) stems de- cumbent ; leaves alternate, lanceolate, bluntish, papulose ; calyx and peduncles beset with crystalline dots. ©. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. Volckaméri, Haw. obs. p. 426. —Volck. norib. p. 266. with a figure? M. filiforme, Thunb. fl. cap. 417.2? Flowers white. Var. B, ròseum (Haw. rev. 159.) flowers reddish ; leaves lan- ceolate-spatulate. Sate Fig-marigold. Fi. May, Aug. Clt. 1795. . dec. 305 M. 1a’xceum (Thunb. fl. cap. 417.) stem erect, rather tetragonal; leaves lanceolate, flat, connate, acute, papulose ; flowers terminal. ©.H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. aw. rev. 170. Flowers white. Lance-leaved Fig-marigold. PI. 4 foot. 306 M. paputirerum (D. C. prod. 3. p. 448.) stem very short; branches almost radical, somewhat fastigiate, gradually thickened, and are as well as the leaves and calyxes beset with Papulz ; leaves connate, ovate; flowers terminal, sessile, 1-3 together ; calyx 5-cleft. ©.H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on hills in very dry places. M. fastigiatum, Thunb. fl. cap. 413. but not of Haw. Flowers white. Lobes of calyx purple. This species differs from M. réctum of Haw. in being annual, not shrubby. Papulc-bearing Fig-marigold. Pl. $ to 3 foot. ec 307 M. raruròsum (Lin. fil. suppl. 259. exclusive of the Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1774. I, MESEMBRYANTHEMUM. 149 synonymes) branches decumbent, terete ; leaves opposite, spatu- lately oblong, papulose ; flowers pedunculate, rising from the forks of the stem; lobes of calyx linear. ©. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Haw. misc, 48. rev. 158. Corolla yellow, hardly longer than the calyx. Papulose Fig-marigold. Pl. dec. 308 M. cranpestinum (Haw. in phil. mag. aug. 1826. p. 129.) branches procumbent, papulose ; leaves acutely ovate, petiolate ; flowers usually terminal, solitary or by threes, on a terete, clavate peduncle; petals very small. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, Hidden-flowered Fig-marigold. Elspr: 309 M. puse’ruLum (Haw. in phil. mag. sept. 1831. p. 419.) stems branched, procumbent, papulose ; floriferous branches and margins of leaves pubescent; leaves opposite or alternate, obo- vate-spatulate, channelled, keeled; peduncles subcylindrical. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1822. ©.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Very like M. papuldsum. Flowers white. Puberulous Fig-marigold. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1829. Pl. pr. 310 M. axcura`rum (Thunb. fl. cap. 426.) stem herbaceous, decumbent, angular, branched ; leaves opposite, obovate, sessile, papulose; calyx 5-cleft, angular. ©.? D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers yellow, as in M. papuldsum, but the stems are angular, not terete. The stems are angular, how- ever, in M. Aitdnis, but the flowers are pale red, not yellow. Angular-stemmed Fig-marigold. Pl, pr. $11 M. Arronis (Jacq. hort. vind. t. 7.) branches decumbent, angular ; leaves opposite or alternate, ovate-spatulate, papulose ; pedicels short; calyxes angular. ¢. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Haw. misc. 48. rev. 158. Flowers ex- panding in the evening, pale reddish, about the size of those of M. cordif dlium. Lobes of calyx very unequal. Stigmas 4, erect, recurved at the apex. Aiton’s Fig-marigold. Fl. June, Oct. Clt.1774. Pl. pr. § 56. Cordifolia (from cor, the heart, and folium, leaf; shape of leaves) D. C. prod. 3. p. 449. Stem suffruticose. Leaves opposite, distinct, petiolate, flat, ovate, cordate, rather papulose. Flowers purple. Calyx 5-lobed; having 2 of the lobes larger than the rest. Stigmas 4, 312 M. corprroriuM (Lin. fil. suppl. 260.) stems suffruticose, diffuse ; leaves opposite, flat, petiolate, ovate-cordate, rather papulose ; calyx 4-cleft, 2-horned. ©. or h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Glox. obs. t. 1. f. a. Smith, pict. t.6. Jacq. icon. rar. t. 487. D.C. pl. grass. t. 102. Haw. misc. 50. syn. 218. rev. 159. Branches procumbent, rather herbaceous. Flowers solitary, terminal, or rather lateral on the elongated branches. Corolla red. Stigmas 4, erect. Heart-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1774. PI. diffuse. § 57. Expdnsa (from expansus, expanded ; stems). D. C. prod. 3. p. 449.—Planif dlia + +, Haw. rev. 167. Stems suffru- ticose, diffuse, or procumbent, terete. Leaves flat, opposite, almost without papule, stem-clasping, a little keeled. Flowers white or pale yellow, rarely pale red. Tube of calyx somewhat pear- shaped; lobes 4-5, unequal. Stigmas 4-5. 313 M. =expa’nsum (Lin. spec. 697.) stems divaricate, loosely expanded ; leaves distinct, remote, opposite or alternate, flattish, ovate-lanceolate, dotless. bh. D. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.—Dill. elth. f.223. M. tortudsum, D. nr grass. t. 94. exclusive of the synonymes. M., expansum, Haw. obs. 195. misc. 50. rev. 168. Lobes of calyx 5, unequal. Corolla large, pale yellow. Stigmas 4-6, short, erect. 150 FICOIDE#. Expanded Fig-marigold. C TZOS NPI: 4 foot. 314 M. va‘rtans (Haw. mise. p. 51. syn. 249. rev. 168.) branches prostrate ; leaves opposite, lanceolate, acuminated, keeled, hence they are bluntly triquetrous and channelled; pe- duncles very thick. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.—Petiv. gaz. t. 78. t. 10. The whole plant is beset with papule. Calyx 4-5-cleft. Corolla white on the outside and yellow on the inside; but according to Haworth it is whitish, and according to Petiver yellowish. Stigmas 5, short. Varying Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Oct. Clt.1706. Sh. pr. 315 M. torrudsum (Lin. spec. 697.) stems divaricate, pro- cumbent, twisted : leaves flattish, oblong-ovate, rather papulose, crowded, connate; lobes of calyx 5, very unequal, 2 of which are hardly evident. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.—Dill. elth. f. 222. M. tortudsum, Haw. obs. 196. misc. 51. syn. 250. rev. 168. M. aridum, Meench. Flowers pale yellow. Twisted-stemmed Fig-marigold. Fl. June, Oct. Shrub procumbent. 316 M. conca‘vum (Haw. rev. 168.) stem procumbent; leaves concave, ovate-lanceolate, alternate, thick ; flowers terminal, so- litary. h. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.—Burm. afr. dec. 3. t. 26. f. 1. Flowers yellowish. This is a very doubtful species. Concave-leaved Fig-marigold. Shrub pr. 317 M. pa’tiens (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 182.) stems diffuse ; leaves stem-clasping, distinct, glaucous, oblong-lanceolate ; in- flexedly concave, bluntly keeled, beset with minute papule ; lobes of calyx 5, ovate-oblong. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Haw. obs. 197. misc. 52. syn. 250. rev. 168. M. expansum, D. C. pl. grass. t. 47. M. articulatum, Thunb. fl. cap. 415.? Corolla white, rather longer than the calyx (ex D. C.), but according to Haworth shorter than the calyx. Pale Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1774. Sh. diffuse. 318 M. tora‘rum (Haw. rev. 168.) stems diffuse ; leaves lorate, canaliculately-inflexed, obtuse, very glaucous, convex beneath ; lobes of calyx oblong, attenuated, obtuse. h. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white. Perhaps only a variety of M. pallens. Lorate-leaved Fig-marigold. F]. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1819. Sh.4 ft. 319 M. crassicau’LE (Haw. in phil. mag. 1824. p. 425.) caudex very short and thick; branches expanded; leaves crowded, flat, lorate, acuminated, green, glabrous, a little in- curved ; peduncles furnished with 4-5 bracteas ; lobes of calyx 5, one of which is smaller than the rest. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers pale yellow, expanding before meridian. Stigmas very short. Thick-stemmed Fig-marigold. Fl. May, July. Pl. 4 foot. : 320 M. reraxa‘tum (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 36.) stems de- cumbent, terete, flexuous ; leaves linear-lanceolate, obtuse, of a livid glaucous colour, channelled, dotted from papule, costately keeled ; lobes of calyx 5, foliaceous, one of which is very small, k. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Spreng. nov. prov. 28. Haw. rev. 169. Flowers purple (ex Willd.), rose- coloured (ex Spreng.), reddish or nearly scarlet (ex Haw.). Relaxed Fig-marigold., Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1815. Sh. dec. 321 M. anatomicum (Haw. misc. 50. syn. 249. rev. 169.) stems filiform, procumbent ; leaves opposite, lanceolate-elliptic, full of crystalline papulee, when dead the nerve alone remains permanent. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Var. B, fragile (Haw. rev. 169.) leaves large, concave, greener than the species. Var. y, emarcidum (D. C. prod. 3. p. 450.) stems erectish. M. emarcidum, Thunb. fi. cap. 415. Perhaps a proper species. Fl. July, Aug. Cit. 1705. Clt. 1815. I. MesrEMBRYANTHEMUM. Skeleton-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1803. Shrub pr. 322 M. ova‘rum (Thunb. fl. cap. 417.) stem decumbent, rather angular, papulose ; leaves ovate, flat, obtuse, spreading ; flowers terminal. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Haw. rev. 170. Flowers white. Ovate-leaved Fig-marigold. Shrub dec. 323 M. uumirvu'sum (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 179.) stems suffru- ticose, trailing ; leaves stem-clasping, spatulate, keeled, scabrous from conical papule ; petals very minute. h. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla white. The rest unknown, Trailing Fig-marigold. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt.1774. Sh. tr. § 58. Tripdlia (tripolium is the name of the Sea Starwort, or Aster tripolium ; leaves resembling it). D. C. prod. 3. p. 450. Roots biennial. Stems herbaceous, loose. Radical leaves crowded : rameal ones alternate, flat, nearly destitute of papule. Flowers pedunculate, white. Calyx acutely pentagonal, 5-cleft. Stigmasé. 324 M. trrpdxium (Lin. spec. 690.) stems herbaceous, loose, simple ; radical leaves flat, crowded, rameal ones alternate, lan- ceolate, dotless, almost destitute of papule ; flowers peduncu- late ; calyx pentagonal, 5-cleft. &.D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.—Dill. elth. f. 220.—Pluk. mant. 329. f. 4 Haw. obs. 122. misc. 49. syn. 247. rev. 167. Flowers middle- sized, white. There is no ally to this species, according to Haworth. Aster-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Ju. Oct. Clt. 1700, Sh. } ft. § 59. Helianthoidea (from Heliénthus, sunflower, and idea, form; flowers). D. C. prod. 3. p. 450.—Pcmerididna and Hymenibgyne, Han. rev. 160. and 192.. Roots annual. Stems herbaceous, terete, branched. Leaves lanceolate or spatulate, almost destitute of papule, flat, attenuated at the base, opposite, distinct. Peduncles axillary, very long. Flowers yellow, large, expanding after meridian, or in the day time. Calyx rather angular at the base; lobes 5, elongated. Ovarium depressed. Stigmas 10-20, sometimes connate. 825 M. PomERIDIA NUM (Lin. spec. 698.) leaves broad-lan- ceolate, flat, smooth, ciliated, nearly distinct ; stems, peduncles, and calyxes hairy; petals shorter than the calyx ; stigmas 12. ©. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lin. fil. dec. 1. t. 13. Jacq. icon. rar. t.489. Curt. bot. mag. 540. Haws rev. 160. Flowers yellow. Var. B, glabrum (Haw. rev. p. 160.) plant more glabrous and naked ; upper leaves a little ciliated; petals longer than the calyx. ©.D.G. Andr. bot. rep. t. 57. Haw. misc. 44, but not of Ait. Perhaps a proper species. Pomeridian Fig-marigold. Fl. Jul. Aug. €lt. 1774. Pl. ft. 326 M. newiantuoipes (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 198.) leaves flat, spatulate, smooth; peduncles very long; calyxes flat and angular at the base ; stigmas usually 10, connate at the base. ©. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Haw. rev. 161. Flowers yellow. Sun-flower-like Fig-marigold. Pl. 2 foot. : 327 M. catenpuLa‘crum (Haw. rev. 161. but not of his misc.) leaves linear-lanceolate, hardly spatulate, ciliated ; peduncles scabrous ; petals about equal in length to the lorately-lineats thick, ciliated, calycine lobes; ovarium sparingly pubescent. ©. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stem much branched. Hairs on the ovarium or tube of the calyx white and short. Flowers yellow. The rest unknown. s Pot-marigold-like Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1819. Pl. 4ft 328 M. rra‘ccipum (Jacq. hort. vind. t. 475.) leaves lanceo- late, acute, flat, glabrous, quite entire; peduncles 1-flowered, erectish, glabrous, very long. g.D.G. Native of the Cape Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1774. \ | | FICOIDE Æ. of Good Hope. Petals linear, acute at both ends, yellowish. Styles 5. Root biennial (ex Salm-Dyck. in litt.). Flaccid Fig-marigold. Clt.? Pl. 4 foot. 829 M. Canpoéiiu (Haw. rev. p. 160.) leaves lanceolate, flat, acute, ciliated a little, distinct ; peduncles very long, hairy ; lobes of calyx acuminated, exceeding the petals ; stigmas 16-20. ©. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. helian- thoides, D. C. pl. grass. t. 135. Salm-Dyck. obs. p. 15. but not of Ait. ex Haw. Calyx angular at the base. Flowers yellow. De Candolle’s Fig-marigold. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1774. Pl, 3 foot. 330 M. riròsum (Haw. rev. p. 161.) leaves linear-lanceolate, ciliated; stems effuse ; peduncles, bracteas, and calyxes clothed with wool-like villi; petals longer than the calyx; stigmas 15- 20. ©. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.—Breyn. cent. t. 79.—Mor. hist. sect. 12. t. 6. f. 13. M. pilosum and M. calendulaceum, Haw. misc. 47. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from M. Candéllii. Flowers yellow. Pilose Fig-marigold. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1800. Pl. $ ft. 331 M. cra'srum (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 198.) leaves petio- late, spatulately-lanceolate, dilated at the base, and are as well as the branches glabrous; base of calyx hemispherical, with linear, unequal lobes; stigmas usually 12, united into a tube at the base. ©. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Hymenégyne glabra, Haw. rev. 192. Corolla straw-coloured ; petals rufescent at the base; sterile filaments copper-coloured. Habit almost of M. Candéllit. Seeds winged. Glabrous Fig-marigold. Fl. Jul. Oct. Clt. 1787. T Species not sufficiently known. PL. $ ft. 832 M. nvu'mitz (Haw. misc. 80. rev. 122.) stems prostrate ; leaves triquetrous, subulate; calyx 4-cleft. h. D Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves opposite, or probably ternate. Var.a, ribrum (Haw. l. c.) flowers red.—Petiv. gaz. t. 88. f. 8. Haw. obs. 471. Var. B. lùteum (Haw. l. c.) flowers yellow.—Pet. gaz. t. 88. f. 8. Humble Fig-marigold. Pl. prostrate. 333 M. ARBORIFÓRME (Burch. voy. l. p. 343. cat. geogr. 2004.). h. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Allied to M. parvifòlium. Shrub 1-2 feet high, branched, with the trunk for the most part simple. Cymes 8-times dichotomous. Flowers minute, of a testaceous colour. Tree-formed Fig-marigold. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 334 M. campr’stre (Burch. cat. geogr. 1340. ex voy. 1. p. 259.). h.D.G. A plant a foot and a half high, straight. Flowers rose-coloured. Allied to M. pulchéllum. Field Fig-marigold. Shrub 14 foot. i 335 M.? taurirdtium (Haw. obs. 470. misc. 49. rev. 157.) root fusiform; stem very flexuous ; leaves opposite, cuneately obovate. Y%. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. —Petiv. gaz. 88. f. 4. Anthers and petals purple. Perhaps a species of Othdna. Laurel-leaved Fig-marigold. Pl. 1 foot? _ 336 M.? cinia‘rum (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 179.) leaves oppo- Site, connate, semi-terete; stipulas membranous, reflexed, jagged, in the form of cilie. h. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good ope. Corolla white. The rest unknown. Stipulas in all other species of Mesembryanthemum are wanting; It 1s then probably a species of Arenaria. Ciliated-stipuled Fig-marigold. Clt. 1774. Pl. 2 foot. 337 M. cor1a‘r1um (Burch. cat. geogr. 2487. ex trav. 1. p. 243.), h. D. S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, where it is used in tanning leather. Said to be allied to M. uncinatum. Hide Fig-marigold. Shrub. I. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM. " 627. II. TETRAGONIA. 151 338 M.? vırròsum (Lin. spec. 695.) stem shrubby, thickened at the base; branches prostrate ; leaves connate, linear, semi- terete, channelled, pubescent ; peduncles trichotomous; flowers apetalous. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Haw. obs. 222. and 441. misc. 58. syn. 254. rev. 125. Calyx 5-cleft, purplish inside. Capsule fleshy, 5-6-celled. Perhaps a species of dizdon, Tetragonia, or Sesùvium, but the descrip- tion is not sufficient to decide this point. Villous Fig-marigold. Shrub prostrate. 339 M. cranirérme (Haw. misc. 82. syn. 263. rev. 149.) stems expanded, short, suffruticose; leaves distinct, rather tri- quetrous, ovate grain-formed; stamens collected. kh. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Bradl. succ. t. 20. Stems 3 inches high. Leaves 3 lines long. Flowers yellow, expanding in the evening. This species is entirely unknown at the present day, having been only known to Bradley. According to Ha- worth’s opinion, it comes in section Cymbiformia. Grain-formed-leaved Fig-marigold. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt.1727. Shrub 1 foot. Cult. This is a vast genus of what are called succulent plants, that is, fleshy-leaved plants. The shrubby kinds should be grown in pots, in a very sandy or gravelly soil; they should be kept almost quite dry, while in a dormant state, but when growing freely and in the flowering season, they require a consi- derable supply of water. The poorer the soil is, the more dwarf the plants will grow, and bear flowers more abundantly. The shelves in a greenhouse are a good place to preserve them through the winter, however, a good dry frame will answer the purpose equally well, if not better, with a covering of mats in frosty weather. Cuttings of all of them strike root readily, if planted in pots of the same kind of earth recommended for the plants, and kept dry till they begin to wither, when they may have a little water given to them; and under this treatment they will root very soon. There are also several annual and biennial kinds, most of them handsome and curious. The seeds of these should be sown in pots early in spring, and raised in a frame, hot-bed, or greenhouse; and when the plants are of sufficient size, plant them singly in small pots, and set them in the green- house, until the warm weather commences, when they may be set out of doors along with the shrubby kinds, where they will flower and seed freely, if the summer proves fine. ‘The same soil and treatment recommended for the shrubby kinds will also suit these well. The ice-plant, M. crystallinum, and also M. pin- natifidum do well if planted out on rockwork or among stones, where they will make a very curious appearance. II. TETRAGO'NIA (from rerpa, tetra, four, and ywra, gonia, an angle; fruit of some of the species). Lin. gen. no. Geertn. fruct. 2. t. 127: and 179. Lam. ill. 437. D.C. prod. 3. p. 451.—Tetragonocarpus, Commel. Lin. syst. Icoséndria, Tri-Octogiynia. , Calyx 4-cleft, rarely 8-cleft, with the tube adhering to the ovarium, and 4-5-horned ; lobes coloured on the inside. Petals wanting. Stamens vari- able in number. Ovarium 8-8-celled. Styles 3-8, very short. Nut bony, winged, or horned, indehiscent, 3-8-celled inside. Seeds solitary in the cells.—Herbs or sub-shrubs. Leaves al- ternate, flat, fleshy, undivided, usually quite entire. Flowers axillary, pedicellate, or sessile. Secr. I. Txtraconoipes (altered from Tetragonia). D.C. prod. 3. p. 452. Stamens in fascicles, or solitary in the recesses of the calyx. Nuts usually horned.—Annual or biennial herbs. Flowers sessile or on short pedicels. Horns of calyx sometimes bearing accessory flowers. 1 T. expra’nsa (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 178.) herbaceous leaves petiolate, ovate-rhomboid ; flowers sessile; fruit 4-horned, 6-8- seeded. ©. H. Native of New Zealand and Japan, also of 152 FICOIDEZ. Chili, about Conception, and Valparaiso. Murr. comm. goett. 1783. t. 5. Scop. inst. t. 14. D.C. pl. grass. t. 114. T. cor- nuta, Gærtn. fruct. 2. p. 179. f. 3. T. Japonica, Thunb. jap. 208. T. halimifòlia, Forst. prod. p. 223. Roth, abh. t. 8. Demidòvia tetragonoìdes, Pall. hort. dem. t. 1. Stamens 4-5 in each fascicle, 1 fascicle in every recess of the calyx. From all the species this differs in the cells of the pericarp being double the number of calycine lobes, not equal to them in number, as in the rest of the species. The New Zealand spinach is a spreading, rather prostrate plant, with yellow flowers, and leaves an inch and a half long. The whole plant is studded with very minute crystalline dots. It is a native of New Zealand, by the sides of woods, in bushy sandy places, and though not used by the inhabitants, yet, being con- sidered by the naturalist who accompanied Cook, as of the same nature as the Chenopòdium, it was served to the sailors boiled every day at breakfast and dinner. It was introduced to this country by Sir Joseph Banks in 1772, and treated as a green- house plant; but it has been found to grow in the open garden as freely as the kidney-bean or nasturtium, and has been used as a spinach plant. In the Earl of Essex’s family, at Cashio- bury, no other spinach was used during the whole summer of 1821, and it is now commonly cultivated for that purpose. It grows so fast that a few plants will suffice for a large family. There are three varieties of this species found in Chili: 1. with leaves smooth on both surfaces: 2, with leaves hoary beneath : and 3. a small grabrous variety. Expanded Tetragonia or New Zealand Spinach. FI. Aug. Sept. Cit. 1772. Pl. pr. 2 T. crysra’Luina (Lher. stirp. nov. 1. p. 81. t. 39.) plant herbaceous, pruinose; leaves ovate, sessile; flowers almost ses- sile; fruit tetragonal, incurved, 4-seeded. ©. or h. F. Na- tive of Peru and Chili, about Valparaiso and Coquimbo. D. C. pl. grass. t. 34. Calyx 3-4-lobed. Stamens 3-4 in each fas- cicle, 1 fascicle in each recess of the calyx. Crystalline Tetragonia. Fl. June. Clt. 1788. Pl. 4 foot. 3 T. ecuina‘ra (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 177.) plant herbaceous ; leaves petiolate, ovate-rhomboid; flowers on short pedicels ; fruit echinated, 3-4-seeded. ©. or 4. F. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. D.C. pl. grass. t. 113. Calyx 3-4-lobed. Stamens 3-4, 1 in each recess of the calyx. Calyx beset with crystalline papule. : Echinated-fruited Tetragonia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1774. PI. 4 foot. Secr. II. Txrtraconoca’rpos (from rerpa, tetra, four, ywvia, gonia, an angle, and kaproc, karpos, a fruit; in reference to the fruit being usually furnished with 4 wings). Comm. ex D.C. prod. 3. p. 452. Stamens disposed in 1 series at the base of the calycine lobes. Fruit usually winged.—Herbaceous, peren- nial, or suftruticose plants. Flowers on long pedicels. 4 T. uirsu'ra (Lin. fil. suppl. 258.) plant herbaceous, de- cumbent; leaves ovate, villous, sessile; flowers 3 together, on short pedicels; fruit tetragonal, with a wing on each angle, 4- seeded. 2/.D,G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Thunb. fl. cap. 408. Stamens numerous, inserted in the middle of the calyx by bundles, as described by Thunberg. Perhaps not distinct from T. villosa, Poir. dict. 7. p. 604. Hairy Tetragonia. Pl. decumbent. 5 T. seica‘ra (Lin. fil. suppl. 258.) plant herbaceous, erect; leaves petiolate, glabrous: lower ones ovate : upper ones lan- ceolate ; flowers pedicellate, branched. %. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Thunb. fl. cap. 409. where itis called T. racemosa. Pedicels numerous, aggregate. Spiked-flowered Tetragonia. Fl. Jul. Clt.1795. Pl. 1 ft. 6 T. wersa'cea (Lin. spec. 687.) plant somewhat herbaceous rather decumbent, smooth ; leaves ovate, petiolate ; flowers = II. Terraconia. III. Sesuvium. long pedicels ; fruit 4-winged, 4-6-seeded ; root strumose. Y, D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Thunb. fl. cap. 409, Haw. misc. 121.—Comm. hort. amst. 2. t. 102. Pedicels 1-3 together, nearly an inch long. Flowers 4-cleft, but the terminal ones are 5-cleft. Root fleshy. Herbaceous Tetragonia. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1752. Pl. dee, 7 T. pecu’mBens (Mill. dict. no. 2.) plant suffruticose, de» cumbent, pruinose ; leaves on short petioles, obovate-oblong ; flowers 3 together on short pedicels ; fruit 4-5-angled, with a wing on each angle. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. D. C. pl. grass. t. 23. Mill. fig. t. 263. f.1. Flowers 4-5-cleft. Styles 4-5. Calyx and anthers of a pale sulphur colour. Decumbent Tetragonia. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt.1758. Sh. dee. 8 T. rruticosa (Lin. spec. 687.) shrubby, erect; leaves ob- long, on very short petioles; flowers 1 or 3 together, on short pedicels ; fruit bluntly 3-4-angled, each angle furnished with a wing. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.—Comm, hort. amst. 2. t. 103.—Séba, thes. 2. t. 11. f. 8. Haw. mise. p. 120.—Mill. fig. 2. t. 263. f. 2, Calyx green without and yellow within. : Shrubby Tetragonia. FI. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1712. Sh. 2to 4 ft. 9 T. rerra’prerts (Haw. misc. p. 121.) plant suffruticose, erect; leaves oblong-lanceolate, nearly sessile ; flowers pedicel- late, racemose ; fruit furnished with 4 large wings, and other 4 alternate small ones. h. D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Tetrdpteris, &c. Pluk. amalth. t. 200. Nut 4-seeded. Four-ninged-fruited Tetragonia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1794. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. i 10 T. tinza‘ris (Haw. rev. p. 73.) plant shrubby and dif- fusely decumbent ; leaves linear, rather revolute at the sides, engraven above by a dorsal line; flowers terminal, racemose. hk. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves greenish. Linear-leaved Tetragonia. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1819. Sh. dee. 11 T. ogova`ra (Haw. rev. p. 73.) plant suffruticose, decum- bent, pruinose ; leaves obovate or oval; petioles winged, stem- clasping, somewhat decurrent. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers unknown. Very like 7. dectimbens, but one half larger. Obovate-leaved Tetragonia. Clt. 1821. Shrub dec. Cult. The same culture, propagation, and treatment as that recommended for Mesembrydnthemum will suit the species of Tetragonia. The T. expánsa, when wanted for spinach, may be planted out in the open ground, about April or May. II. SESU‘VIUM (aname.not explained by the author). Lin. gen. 624. Lam. ill. t. 434. D.C. prod. 3. p. 453. od Lin. syst. Jcoséndria, Tri-Pentagynia. Calyx 5-partedy permanent; lobes coloured on the inside. Petals wanting Stamens 15-30, inserted at the top of the calycine tube, whic is short. Ovarium distinct, sessile. Style wanting. Suga 3-5. Capsule 3, rarely 4-5-celled, circumcised, having the p% centiferous axis permanent. Seeds numerous. Embryo hooked: —Smooth fleshy herbs, inhabitants of the sea-side ; with oppo site, quite entire, veinless leaves ; and axillary, solitary, alternate flowers, which are either sessile or on short pedicels. Calyx purplish inside. ` 1 S. Porturaca’srrum (Lin. spec. 446. exclusive of the sy of Rumphius) leaves linear or lanceolate-oblong, flat; flowers pedicellate. Y%. D. G. Native of the West Indies, — and Senegal, by the sea-side.—Plum. ed. Burm. t. 223. na —Jacq. amer. t. 95. Aizdon Canariénse, Andr. bot. rep- 20 Calyx green outside, and reddish within. Stamens 25-30. o Var. a, pedunculàtum; flowers pedicellate. S. pedunculàtu ; Pers. ench. 2. p. 39. Lam. ill. t. 434. f. 1. Var. B, séssile ; flowers nearly sessile. S. séssile, Pers. ench. FICOIDEZ. 2. p. 39. D. C. pl. grass. t. 9. The plant is very succulent and full of neutral alkalescent salt, which may be easily ex- tracted, and would probably answer. all the purposes for which the salts of the kali are now used. Sea Purslane. FI. June, July. Clt. 1692. Pl. dec. 2 S. tonerroxium (Willd. enum. p. 521.) leaves linear-spatu- late; joints of stem equal; flowers pedicellate. %. D. S Native of South America, by the sea-side. S. Portulacdstrum, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 86. from Peru and Cu- mana. Stamens 70-75 (ex Kunth, l. c.) Leaves nearly 2 inches long with the petioles. Long-leaved Sesuvium. FI. July, Aug. Clt.1816. Pl. dec. 3 S. REVOLUTIFÒLIUM (Ort. dec. p. 19.) leaves ovate-oblong, with revolute margins; flowers sessile. %. D. G. Native of Cuba, by the sea-side. S. Portulacdstrum (, Sims, bot. mag. t.1701. Stamens very numerous. Stigmas 5-6. Leaves rather glaucous, not deep green, as in S. Portulacdstrum. Revolute-leaved Sesuvium. FI. July, Aug. Clt.? Pl. dec. 4 S. re‘pens (Willd. enum. p. 521.) leaves spatulate-lanceo- late ; joints of stem rooting, filiform; flowers pedicellate. ©.? ae a Native of the East Indies.—Rumph. amb. 5. p. 165. E2. i. Creeping Sesuvium. F]. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. Pl. creep. 5 S. mıcropny'LLUM (Willd. I. c.) leaves roundish or lanceo- late ; stems trailing, having equal joints ; flowers pedicellate. %. D.S. Native about the Havannah, by the sea-side. Humb. et Bonpl. S. spatulatum, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 87. Leaves 5 lines long with the petioles. Stamens 30. Stigmas 3. Small-leaved Sesuvium. Pl. creeping. 6 S. parvirtdrum (D. C. prod. 3. p. 453.) leaves linear- oblong, flat; flowers sessile. %. D. G. Native about Monte Video by the sea-side; and of Chili, near Laguna del Arbolita, on the west side of Rio Saladillo. Sesdvium, Lam. ill. t. 434. f. 2. Trianthema Americana, Gill. mss. ex Arn. in Cheek. edinb. journ. 1831. p. 354. Perhaps S. Portulacdstrum B: Flowers red, one half smaller than those of S. Portulacástrum. Small-flowered Sesuvium. PI. trailing. Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand will suit this genus of succulent plants ; and they require but little water. Cuttings planted (after being dried a little) in the same kind of soil, root freely, in heat. IV. AIZO'ON (from ası, aei, always, and {woc, zoos, alive ; succulent plant, which will live under most circumstances). Lin. gen. no. 629. Geertn. fruct. 1. t. 76. Lam. ill. t. 437. D. C. prod. 3. p. 453.—Veslingia, Fabr. helmst. p. 363.—Ficoidea, Dill. Boerh. Lin. syst. Icosdndria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-parted, co- loured, and petaloid inside. Petals wanting. Stamens about 20, inserted in the bottom of the calyx, and disposed in 3-5 bundles. Ovarium distinct, 5-angled. Stigmas 5, thick, sessile. Capsule 5-celled, opening at the apex by 5 chinks, which are disposed in a stellate manner; cells many-seeded.—Humble herbs or sub- shrubs. Leaves fleshy, quite entire, alternate or opposite. Flowers sessile in the axils of the leaves or forks of the stems, rarely pedicellate, greenish on the outside. * Leaves alternate. 1 A. Canarie’nst (Lin. spec, 700. but not of Andr.) stems herbaceous, procumbent, branched, villous ; leaves alternate, ob- ovately cuneiform, pubescent; flowers sessile, rather adnate at the origin of the branches. 2%. D. G. Native of the Canary Islands and Egypt, along the sea shore. D.C. pl. grass. t. 136. Glinus crystallinus, Forsk. descript. p. 95. t. 14. Ficoídea, iss. act. par: 1711. t. 13, f. 1. Veslíngia cauliflora, Moench, VOL, III. III. Sesuvium. IV. Aizoon. 153 Veslingia Heistèri, Fabr. Calyx 5-angled, yellowish inside. Stamens 2-4 at the fifth lobe of the calyx. Canary-Island Aizoon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1731. Pl. pr. 2 A. crınoìpes (Lin. fil. suppl. 261.) stems herbaceous, de- cumbent, hairy ; leaves alternate, obovate, petiolate, pubescent ; flowers sessile, axillary, hairy. X}. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Thunb. fl. cap. 410. Calyx beset with white hairs on the outside, and coloured on the inside ; when dry rather rose-coloured. Limb of leaves about equal in length to the petioles. Glinus-like Aizoon. Pl. dec. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1774. ** Leaves opposite. 3 A. Hispa’nicum (Lin. spec. 700.) stem herbaceous, erect, branched ; branches spreading and erect, rather papulose at the apex; leaves opposite, linear, lanceolate, glabrous, sessile ; flowers solitary, somewhat pedicellate, in the forks of the branches. ©. H. Native of Spain, Calabria, and Barbary, by the sea side. D.C. pl. grass. t. 30.—Dill. elth. 1. f. 143. Aizoon sessilifldrum, Moench, meth. Calyx white on the inside, and rather greenish on the outside. The plant from the Cape of Good Hope under this name is different. Spanish Aizoon. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1728. inch to 4 foot. 4 A. romentosum (Lam. dict. 3. p. 418.) stem suffruticose, tomentose, branched ; leaves opposite, tomentose, linear-lanceo- late, narrowed at the base, rather spatulate at the apex ; flowers sessile in the forks of the stem. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. A. Hispanicum, Burm. cap. prod. p. 154. Calyx yellowish inside, 5-lobed, rarely 4-lobed. Stamens 15. Tomentose Aizoon. Shrub 1 foot? 5 A. sretta‘rum (Lam. dict. 3. p. 418.) stem suffruticose, branched, hispid at the apex ; leaves opposite, linear-spatulate, hairy; flowers panicled : pedicels and calyxes hairy. R. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Calyx yellowish inside. Stamens about 20. Stellate Aizoon. Shrub 1 foot. 6 A. PERFOLIA`TUM (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 261.) stem suffruticose, erect, tomentose, branched ; leaves opposite, connate, obovate- Pl. from 1 oblong, full of crystalline dots ; flowers axillary, pedunculate, solitary. kh. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Thunb. fl. cap. 411. Margins of leaves reflexed. Perfoliate-leaved Aizoon. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1818. Sh. 1 ft. 7 A. sarmentosum (Lin, fil. suppl. 260.) stem suftruticose, erectly diffuse, glabrous, branched ; leaves opposite, linear-fili- form, rather connate, glabrous; branches rather villous, 3-flow- ered at the apex, the two lateral flowers are bracteated, and spring from the sides of the middle one. k . D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Thunb. fl. cap. 410.—Burm. afr. t. 26. f. 2. good. Mesembryanthemum hexaphyllum, Haw. rev. p. 165. ex syn, Burm. ‘This species differs from all in the inflor- escence. The peduncles and fruit of the preceding year are per- manent and Jateral. Sarmentose Aizoon. Shrub sarmentose. 8 A. panicuta‘rum (Lin. spec. 700.) stems herbaceous, de- cumbent, hairy ; leaves opposite, lanceolate, hairy ; flowers nearly sessile on trichotomous peduncles. h.D.G, Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Thunb. fl. cap. 410. Panicled Aizoon. Pl. decumbent. + Species not sufficiently known. 9 A. ricipum (Lin. fil. suppl. 261.) stem suffrutescent, de- cumbent; branches hoary ; leaves ovate, acute, covered with glaucous tomentum; flowers sessile, alternate, secund, remote. h. D. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Thunb. fi, cap. p. 409, In the character of this species it does not say X a 154 FICOIDEZ. IV. Arzoon. V. Mirus. whether the leaves are alternate or opposite. The leaves are said to be ovate in the diagnosis, and in the description obovate. Stiff Aizoon. Shrub decumbent. 10 A. FRuTicosum (Lin. fil. suppl. 1. c.) stem shrubby, erect, glabrous, stiff; leaves lanceolate, glaucous, attenuated at the base; flowers sessile. h.D.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Thunb. fl. cap. 410. The description does not mention whether the leaves are alternate or opposite. Shrubby Aizoon. Shrub 1 foot. 11 A.sxcu’npum (Lin. fil. suppl. 1. c.) stem herbaceous, hairy, decumbent ; leaves ovate, acute, rather petiolate, beset with silky villi; flowers sessile, secund, axillary.—Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Thunb. fl. cap. 409. Leaves a line long; in the diagnosis they are said to be ovate, but in the description ob- ovate. Secund-flowered Aizoon. PI]. decumbent. Cult. This genus of succulent plants is not worth growing except in botanical gardens. The culture, treatment, and pro- pagation recommended for the genus Mesembrydnthemum will answer well for the species of Aizdon also. V. MI'LTUS (from pAroc, miltos, vermilion ; in reference to the deep red colour of the whole plant). Lour. coch. p. 302. D. C. prod. 3. p. 454. Lin. syst. Jcosdndria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-parted, per- manent, spreading, coloured. Petals wanting. Stamens 12, in- serted in the bottom of the calyx; anthers standing. Ovarium roundish. Style wanting; stigmas 5, linear. Capsules 5, con- nate, each containing one seed.—A prostrate shrub, with ob- long, opposite, crowded leaves; and crowded lateral flowers. This genus differs from Glinus in the petals being absent in the spreading calyx, and in the capsules being 1-seeded. 1 M. Arrica‘nus (Lour. l. c.) kh. D. S. Native of the eastern coast of Africa, in arid places, in the islands of the Mo- sambique. Glinus Miltus, Reusch. nom. Glinus Mosambi- cénsis, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 467. The whole herb is reddish. African Miltus. Shrub prostrate 4 feet long. Cult. See Sesivium, p. 153. for culture and propagation. VI. GLI'NUS (a name given by Theophrastus to the maple). Lin. gen. no. 610. Juss. gen. 316. Lam, ill. 413. D.C. prod. 3. p. 455.—Rolofa, Adans. fam. 2. p. 256. Lin. syst. Dodecdndria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-parted, con- niving, permanent, coloured inside, with 3 of the sepals exterior, and the other 2 interior. Petals strap-formed, 2-4-cleft at the apex, from 5 to 20 in number, shorter than the calyx. Stamens about 15. Ovarium distinct. Style very short or wanting ; stigmas 5. Capsule covered by the calyx, 5-valved, 5-celled. Seeds numerous, minute, hanging by a very long involute funicle each. Embryo spiral.—Branched procumbent tomentose herbs, with alternate leaves or in unequal pairs. Flowers axillary, almost sessile. The plants have the habit of 4izdon, but the embryo is that of Caryophillee. Secr. I. Grmòra (an alteration from the generic name). D.C. prod. 3. p. 455. Alsine species, Tourn. - Glinus, Rafin. Petals 5. Capsule truly 5-celled. 1 G. roroipes (Lin. spec. 663.) plant clothed with white wool, diffuse, herbaceous ; leaves obovate, fascicled, unequal ; pedicels 1-flowered, axillary. ©.H. Native of Spain, Sardinia, North America, north of Africa, Archipelago, and Senegal, Egypt, Asia, &c. in inundated places; also of Chili, about Buenos Ayres. Smith, fl. græc. t. 472.—Burm. fl. ind. t. 36. f. 1.—Barrel. icon. t. 336.—Boce. sic. t, 11. G. lotoides and G. dictamnoides, Lam. dict. 2. p. 728. ill, 413. f.1, 2. Sepals white inside, with red margins. Pedicels aggregate. Lotus-like Glinus. Fl. July. Clt. 1788, Pl. prostrate. VI. Grus. VII. Oryera. NITRARIACEA. 2 G. pictamnores (Lin. mant. 243.) plant clothed with white tomentum, prostrate, suffruticose ; leaves orbicular, flat, on very short petioles; flowers axillary, nearly sessile. ).G. Native of the East Indies. Vahl. symb. 3. p. 64.—Pluk. amalth. t. 306, f. 6. Petals yellow. Dictamnus-like Glinus. Shrub prostrate. Secr. II. Roròra (meaning unknown). D. C. prod. 3. p. 456, —Plénckia, Rafin. speech. 1. p. 194. Petals numerous. Cap- sule probably 1-celled. 3 G. setirLorus (Forsk. descr. 95.) plant hoary, suffruticose, diffuse ; leaves nearly orbicular, in whorles, petiolate ; flowers axillary, capitate. h. G. Native of Arabia Felix, about Dahi, in inundated places. Vahl. symb. 3. p. 64. Plénckia setiflora, Ralin. 1. c. Petals numerous, linear, yellow, divided into 3-4 bristles at the apex. Capsule 1-celled, ex Forsk. Very like Glinus lotoides ex Vahl. Bristle-flowered Glinus. Shrub diffuse. + Species not sufficiently known. 4 G.? rrianrHemoipes (Roth, nov. spec. 231.) plant pros- trate, glabrous ; leaves obovate, wedge-shaped, rounded, mucro- nate ; panicles loose, terete, opposite the leaves.—Native of the East Indies. This plant differs from Glinus in the petals being wanting. It is therefore perhaps a species of Miltus ; but this is still doubtful because the number of the seeds are unknown. Trianthema-like Glinus. Pl. prostrate. Cult. These plants will grow well in a mixture of sand, peat, and loam ; and young cuttings of the shrubby kinds will strike root readily in the same kind of soil. The seeds of the annual species had better be reared on the hot-bed, and when the plants are of a sufficient size, they should be planted out into a warm damp situation. VII, ORY’GIA (altered from the Arabic name of the plant Hoérudjrudj). Forsk. descr. p. 103. Juss. gen. p. 317. dict. 8c nat. 36. p. 512. D. C. prod. 3. p. 455.—Portulaca species, Vahl. Lin. syst. Icosdndria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-parted, per- manent. Petals numerous (20?), lanceolate. Stamens indefi- nite. Ovarium distinct. Stigmas 5, filiform. Capsule globose, girded by the calyx, 5-celled, 5-valved, many-seeded. —An Arabian decumbent small shrub, with mealy ovate acute leaves, and reddish violet flowers. O. portulacifdlia is a species of Talinum. 1 O. pecu’mBens (Forsk. 1l. c.) h. D. F. Native of Ara bia Felix. Portulaca decúmbens, Vahl. symb. 1. p. 33. Tal- num decúmbens, Willd. spec. 2. p. 864. Leaves bluish. Decumbent Orygia. Pl. decumbent. Cult. A gravelly or sandy soil will suit this plant, and cut- tings will root readily in the same kind of soil. Orver CXV. NITRARIA'CEÆ (this order only contains the genus Nitrària). Lind]. introd. nat. syst. p. 163. : Calyx inferior, 5-toothed, fleshy. Corolla of 5 petals, which arise from the calyx, inflexed, valvular in zstivation. Stamens 3 times the number of the petals, perigynous; anthers innate, with 2 oblique, longitudinal lines of dehiscence. Ovarium sU- perior, 3 or more celled, with a continuous fleshy style, at the apex of which are as many stigmatic lines as there are cells m the fruit; ovula pendulous, by means of a long funicle. Fruit drupaceous, opening by 3 or 6 valves, Seeds solitary, without albumen. Embryo straight, with the radicle next the hylum-— Shrubs with deciduous, succulent, alternate leaves, which are NITRARIACEZ. I. Nitraria. sometimes in fascicles. Flowers in cymes, or solitary. The affinity of Nitraria with Ficoidee is undoubtedly great, espe- cially with Tetragonia ; but its very different embryo, and the peculiar zestivation of the petals, which is much more like that of Rhamnee@ remove it from that order. I. NITRA‘RIA (so named by Schreber, who first found it in Siberia, near the nitre works, with other marine plants), Lin. gen. no. 632. Lam. ill. t. 403. Geertn. fruct. 1. t. 58. D.C. prod. 3. p. 456. Lin. syst. Dodecdndria, Monoginia. Character the same as that of the order. 1 N. Scuose'r1 (Lin. spec. 638.) leaves cuneate, obtuse, mu- cronate, quite entire. h. H. Native of Siberia, about the nitre works; and of the Soongarian desert, in salt fields every where, and about Loktewsk, as well as on the borders of the Caspian Sea. Pall. fl. ross. 1. t. 50. f. aandb. Lam.ill. t. 403. f. 1. Flowers white, disposed in panicled cymes. The Siberian and Caspian varieties are not different, unless in the more luxuriant growth of the Caspian kind, which is owing to its growing in a more humid situation than that of the Siberian variety. Scheeber’s Nitraria. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1778. Sh. 3 feet. 2 N. rripenra'ra (Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 372.) leaves cuneated, retuse, somewhat tridentate at the apex; drupes ovate. h. H. Native of Barbary and Egypt, in sandy fields. Péganum re- tisum, Forsk. ex. Dill. ill. fl. egyp. Branches spinose. Flowers white, in panicled cymes. Fruit red. Tridentate-leaved Nitraria. Clt. 1820. Shrub 14 foot. 3 N. Senzcare’nsis (Lam. ill. t. 403. f. 2. dict. 4. p. 493.) leaves obovate, obtuse, quite entire; drupes trigonal. h. S. Native of Senegal. Flowers white, in panicled cymes. This species is easily distinguished from the rest by its pyramidal tri- gonal drupe. ° Senegal Nitraria. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. + A doubtful species. 4 N. Brttarpie‘rn (D. C. prod. 3. p. 456.) leaves linear, attenuated at the base, acutish, quite entire ; drupes ovate, acu- minated. h.G. Native of New Holland. Very nearly allied to N. Schébéri, Labill. mss. but very different from it in the fruit being ovate conical, as well as from growing in a different part of the world. La Billardier’s Nitraria. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. : Cult. This is a genus of singular shrubs : they thrive best in a sandy or gravelly soil, and should be occasionally refreshed with salted water, or they will not flourish; they may be in- creased by layers ; or cuttings planted in sand, with a hand-glass over them, strike root readily. The N. Senegalénsis, being a stove plant, and N. Billardiéri should be grown in pots, in order that they may be placed in their respective situations. Orpen CXVI. REAUMURIA‘CEE (plants agreeing with Reaumiria in important characters). Reaumuriéa, Ehrenberg in ann. des. sc. 12. p. 78. (1827). Lindl. introd. bot. p. 48. Calyx 5-parted (f. 31. a.), surrounded externally by imbri- Cating bracteas. Petals 5 (f. 31. b.), hypogynous. Stamens de- finite or indefinite (£. 31.), hypogynous, with or without a hypo- 8ynous disk; anthers peltate (f. 31. d.). Ovarium superior. Styles several (f. 31. f.); filiform or subulate. Fruit capsular (£ 81. e.), with 2 or 5 valves, and as many cells, opening in the Middle of the cells. Seeds definite, villous. Embryo straight, Surrounded by a small quantity of mealy albumen, with the REAUMURIACEA. 155 I. Reaumuria. radicle next the hylum. Shrubs. Leaves fleshy, scale-like or small, and alternate, without stipulas. Flowers solitary. Dr. Ehrenberg suggests (ann. sc. l. c.) that Reaumdria and Holo- láchna, both of which have according to him hypogynous sta- mens, may constitute a little group to be called Reaumuriée. The order appears to be more nearly related to Hypericinee than to either Ficotdee or Nitrariacee, and ought perhaps to have followed that order among the Thalamiflore in vol. I. From the former it chiefly differs in its succulent habit, and definite villous seeds, agreeing with Reaumiria, at least even in the obliquity of the veins of the petals, and in the leaves being dotted. From Ficotdee its hypogynous stamens and seeds dis- tinguish it; from Tamariscinee, its plurilocular ovarium and distinct styles ; from Nitrariacee, its erect villous seeds, dis- tinct styles, and hypogynous stamens. Saline matter is present in these plants in great abundance. Synopsis of the genera. 1 Reaumu‘ria. crowded leaves on the outside. joined at the base into 5 bundles. 2 Hotora’cuna. Calyx 4-5-parted. Stamens 8-10, mona- delphous. Calyx 5-parted (f. 31. a.), involucrated by Filaments indefinite (f. 38.), I. REAUMU'RIA (so named by Haselquist in honour of René Antoine Ferchault de Reaumur, member of the Academy of Sciences at Paris, &c.; author of several Memoirs, Histoire des Insects, &c. He died in 1757). Lin. gen. 686. Lam, ill. 489. D.C. prod. 3. p. 456. Lin. syst. Polydndria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-parted (f. 31. a.), involucrated by leaves on the outside. Petals 5 (f. 31. b.), furnished with a ciliated appendage on each side at the base. Ovarium distinct. Stigmas 5-6, filiform (f. 31. f.) Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved ; dissepiments easily separated from the valves. Seeds 2 in each cell, very villous.—Oriental shrubs, with fleshy, alternate, glaucous, dotted leaves, exuding globules of a saline alkali. Flowers solitary at the tops of the branches. 1 R. vermicura'ta (Lin. spec. 754.) leaves subulate, semi- terete, imbricated, crowded on the branches. h.F. Native of Sicily, Barbary, and Egypt, on the sea shore. Lam, ill. 489. f. 1. Desf. atl. 1. p. 481.—Lob, icon. 380. Flowers white or pale red. Habit of Chenopddum fruticdsum. Hairs on the seeds rufous, and very stiff. Vermiculated Reaumuria. FI. July, Oct. Clt. 1828. Sh. 1 ft. 2 R. uypericoipes (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1250.) leaves lanceo- late, flat, rather remote. h. F. Native of Syria, Tauria, and Persia, in arid places. Lam. ill. 489. f. 2. Ker. bot. reg. t. 845. Hypéricum alternifolium, Labill. syr. dec. 2. t. 10. R. linifolia, Sal. par. lond. t. 18. R. cistoì- des, Willd. enum. p. 578. R. ver- miculàta var. 3, and perhaps also var. a, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 17.— Buxb. cent. 2. t. 35. Flowers of a purplish rose-colour. Hairs on seeds woolly. (f. 31.) St. John’s-wort-like Reaumu- ria. Fl. Jul. Oct. Clt, 1800. Sh. 1 to 2 feet, x2 FIG. 31. 156 REAUMURIACE. Cult. Elegant little shrubs of easy culture; they thrive best in a mixture of sandy loam and peat; and young cuttings readily strike root under a hand-glass. II]. HOLOLA’CHNA. This genus having already been de- scribed under the order Tamaracinee, it is only necessary here to refer to vol. II. p. 728. where all the details of the genus will be found. Orver CXVII. CA’CTEZ (this order contains the genus Cactus, and all the genera recently separated from it). D.C. prod. 3. p. 457. mem. cact. in mem. mus. vol. 17. p- 1-119. —Cactoidew, Vent. tabl. 3. p. 289.—Nopalee, D. C. theor. elem. 216.—Cacti, Juss. gen. p. 310. exclusive of Grossu- lariéze.—Opuntiacee, Juss. dict. 35. p. 144. exclusive of Gros- sulariée. H.B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 65.—CaActus, Lin. gen. no. 613. Willd. enum. hort. berol. p. 30. Link. enum. 2. p. 21. &c. Calyx composed of many sepals, usually indefinite in number, and confounded with the petals, united and adnate a great length to the ovarium; with the tube smooth in the genera Mam- millaria, Melocdctus, and Rhipsalis ; or with the lobes of the se- pals crowning the fruit, and having the tube scaly as in the genera Céreus, Opintia, and Peréskia. Petals disposed in two or more series, hardly distinguishable from the inner sepals, and some- what united to them ; sometimes irregular, and disposed in a long tube at the base, but distinct at the apex, as in the genera Mam- millaria, Melocdctus, and Céreus ; sometimes equal and distinct to the very base, forming a rotate corolla, as in the genera Opún- tia, Peréskia, and Rhipsalis. Stamens indefinite, disposed in many series, more or less cohering with the petals or inner sepals; filaments slender, filiform: in the genus Opintia they are irritable to the touch; anthers ovate, versatile, 2-celled. Ovarium obovate, fleshy, 1-celled: with numerous ovula, ar- ranged upon parietal placentas, which are equal in number to the lobes of the stigma. Style filiform, sometimes full and sometimes fistular ; stigmas numerous, either spreading or collected into a cluster. Fruit fleshy, 1-celled, many-seeded, either smooth and crowned by the calyx, or covered with scales, scars, or tuber- cles, and umbilicate at the apex. Seeds, when young parietal, but when mature imbedded in the pulp with which the cells are filled, oval or obovate, without albumen. Embryo either straight, curved, or spiral ; with a short, thick, obtuse radicle ; cotyledons flat, thick, foliaceous in Opúntia and other leaf-bearing genera, very small in Melocáctus, and perhaps almost obsolete in Mam- millaria and other leafless genera. This order contains fleshy or succulent shrubs, very variable in habit. Stems usually angular, winged, or regularly beset with tubercles, rarely terete, usually jointed; joints compressed. Leaves usually wanting, but when present small, caducous, and terete, sometimes like those of Sedum, rarely flat and expanded, sometimes alternate and disposed in a spiral order, always gla- brous and fleshy. Prickles or bristles disposed in fascicles, rising from the axils of the leaves; in the leafless genera the fascicles of spines are disposed on the angles of the stem, rising II, Hotroracnuna. CACTEZ. from tubercles. Flowers very variable, showy, or minute, usually solitary, sessile, rarely in fascicles, ephemeral, expanding by night or by day. It has already been remarked, on more than one occasion in this work, that the state of that remarkable distention or in- crease of cellular tissue of vegetables, from which the name of succulent is derived, is no indication of natural affinity, but rather to be considered a modification of structure, which may be com- mon to all tribes. Hence the immediate relationship of Céctee is neither with Euphorbiacee, nor Laurinee, nor any other tribe of succulent plants, but with Grossulariée, in which no tendency whatever to an increase of cellular tissue exists. Through Rhip- salis, which is said to have a central placenta, Cdctee are con- nected with Purtulacee, to which also the curved embryo of the section of Opuntidcee probably indicates an approach. De Can- dolle further traces an affinity between these plants and Ficoidee. For an elaborate account of this order, see his Memoir above quoted. The fruit is very similar in properties to those of Grossularia, some being refreshing and agreeable to the taste, others mucila- ginous and insipid; they are all, however, destitute of the ex- cessive acidity of some gooseberries and currants. The fruit of Cactus Opúntia, has the property of staining red the urine of those who eat it. The juice of Mammillaria vulgaris is remark- able for being slightly milky, and at the same time sweet and insipid. Synopsis of the genera. Trise I. Orvuxtia`ceæ. Ovula, and therefore the seeds, fixed to the parietes of the fruit. 1 Mammitra‘ria. Tube of calyx adhering to the ovarium; lobes 5-6, coloured, crowning the young fruit. Petals 5-6, hardly distinguishable from the calyx. Stamens disposed in many series. Stigma 5-7-cleft. Berry smooth. 2 Metoca’crus. Tube of calyx adhering to the ovarium; lobes 5-6, petaloid, crowning the young fruit. Petals 5-6, united into a long tube with the sepals. Stamens disposed in many series. Stigma 5-rayed. Fruit smooth. 3 Ecutnoca’crus. Sepals numerous, imbricate, adhering tO the ovarium : outer ones in the form of an involucrum: inner ones petal-formed. Stamens numerous. Style multifid at the apex. Berry scaly from the remains of the sepals. 4 Cr‘reus. Sepals very numerous, imbricate, adnate to the base of the ovarium, united into an elongated tube: outer ones shorter and like a calyx: middle ones longer and coloured, innermost ones petal-formed. Style multifid at the apex. Berry areolate, tubercular or scaly from the remains of the sepals. ; 5 Epipny'trum. Tube of calyx very long, furnished with remote scales; limb of corolla multifid, rosaceous or ringent Branches flat. 6 OPV'NTIA. Sepals numerous, leaf-formed, adnate t ovarium: upper ones flat and short: inner ones petal-formed, obovate and expanded, with no tube above the ovarium. Sta- mens numerous, shorter than the petals. Stigmas numerous o the as secretin, a iii a. i a Dam — CACTEZ. érect, thick. Berry oval, umbilicate at the apex, either tuber- cled or spiny. 7 Pere’sxia. Sepals leaf-formed, numerous, adnate to the ovarium, and usually permanent above the fruit. Corolla rotate, almost as in Opúntia. Stamens numerous, much shorter than the petals. Stigmas aggregate, in a spiral manner. bose or ovate. Berry glo- Trisz II. Ruresaripe®, Ovula, and therefore the seeds fixed to the central axis of the fruit. 8 Rurpsauis. ‘Tube of calyx smooth, adhering to the ova- rium; limb superior, 3-6-parted, short. Petals 6, oblong, in- serted in the calyx. Stamens 12-18, fixed to the petals. Stig- mas 3-6, spreading. Berry roundish, pellucid, crowned by the dead calyx. Tribe I. OPUNTIA‘CE (plants agreeing with Opúntia in important characters). D.C. prod. 3. p. 458. Ovula, and therefore the seeds fixed to the parietes of the berry. I. MAMMILLA‘RIA (from mamma, the nipple; the plants are covered with mammeform tubercles, spirally disposed, the mamme bearing radiating spines at the apex and deciduous to- mentum). Haw. syn. 177. D.C. prod. 3. p. 458.—Cactus and Mammillaria, D.C. cat. hort. monsp. p. 83.—Echinocactus, Willd. enum. suppl. 30. exclusive of some species.—Cactus, sect. A. Link. enum. 2. p. 21. Lin. syst. Jcosdndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx adhering to the ovarium ; lobes 5-6, coloured, crowning the young fruit. Petals 5-6, hardly distinguishable from the calyx, and longer than it, united into a tube with the sepals. Stamens filiform, disposed in many series. Style filiform. Stigmas 5-7, radiating. Berry smooth. Seeds imbedded in the pulp. Cotyledons obsolete (ex Nutt.). Fleshy, succulent, shrubby plants, of a roundish or subcylindrical form, destitute of a woody axis (perhaps in all ?), lactescent, leafless ; bearing rather conical, mammzeform, crowded tubercles, which are disposed in a spiral manner, ter- minating in radiating spines and deciduous tomentum. Flowers sessile at the base of the mamme, usually disposed in a trans- verse zone around the plant. Berries obovate, eatable, crowned by the marcescent calyx, which at length becomes deciduous. Tubercles of the stem very similar to the leaves of Mesembry- dnthemum barbatum. 1 M. macnima/mma (Haw. in phil. mag. vol. 63. p. 41.) plant nearly globose, depressed ; tubercles or mamme large, hard, and very green, when young woolly at the apex, but when old quite smooth, each terminated by 4 very stiff, radiating, re- curved, yellow spines: the upper one of which is very minute, and the lower one much elongated. h. D. S. Native of Mexico. This isa very pretty species. The tubercles are large, tetragonal, and cylindrical, very broad at the base, and much depressed ; the spines very strong and very stiff, broadish, re- curved, furrowed longitudinally, when young pale brown and black at the apex, but when old wholly black, and with wool at the base ; wool at the base of the spines vanishing. Large-teated Mammillaria. Clt. 1823. Shrub } to } foot. ` 2 M. corona‘ria (Haw. rev. p. 69.) plant simple, cylindrical, when young clavate; tubercles or mammæ large, ovate, woolly, and spiny at the apex ; spines stiff, rising from white tomentum, exterior ones white: interior ones brown. h. D.G. Native of Mexico. Cactus coronatus, Willd. enum. suppl. 30. Cactus I. MAMMILLARIA. 157 cylíndricus, Ort. dec. p. 128. t. 16. but not of Lam. This is a very beautiful species, and the tallest of all the genus; it is about 5 feet high, and half a foot in diameter. Flowers scarlet. Tubercles or mamme at the top of the stem are the longest, and as if they were forming in a crown. Crown Mammillaria. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1817. Sh. 5 feet. 3 M. viscotor (Haw. syn. 177. D. C. diss. t. 2. f. 2.) plant globose, somewhat depressed, almost simple, with glabrous axils ; tubercles or mamme ovate, hardly woolly at the tips, but bear- ing spines: outer spines setaceous and white, spreading and stiffish : inner ones fewer and brown, straight and more rigid. h. D.S. Native of South America. Colla, hort. ripul. append. 3. t. 11. Cáctus depréssus, D. C. cat. hort. monsp. p. 84. Cactus psetdo-mammillaris, Salm-Dyck. mss. C. Spinii, Célla antol. 6. p. 501. Plant 3-4 inches high. There are 13-15 series of tubercles, winding to the right. Flowers longer than the tu- bercles, more spreading at the apex than in M. simplex, white inside, but of a dirty reddish colour on the outside. Two-coloured-spined Mammillaria. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1800. Shrub 4 to 4 foot. 4 M. vanirera (Haw. in phil. mag. vol. 63. p. 41. D.C. diss. t. 4.) plant simple, terete, obovate, clothed with woolly to- mentum all over; tubercles or mammez bearing 20 or more radiating, straight, spreading spines at the apex: outer spines smaller and white: inner ones strong and fulvescent. h. D.S. Native of Mexico. Cactus canéscens, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon ined. Plant 3-4 inches high. Flowers red, longer than the tubercles (ex fl. mex.). Wool-bearing Mammillaria. Clt. 1823. Shrub 4 foot. 5 M. rrave'scens (D. C. prod. 3. p. 459.) plant obovate, rather proliferous at the top ; axils woolly ; tubercles or mammz ovate, woolly at the apex, and bearing spines ; spines stiff, long, straight, yellowish. kh. D. S. Native of South America. Cactus flavéscens, D.C. cat. hort. monsp. p. 83. M. straminea, Haw. ex Salm-Dyck. in litt. Cactus flavéscens and C. stra- mincus, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 494. Plant 4-5 inches high. The tubercles are disposed in 13-14 series, which wind to the right. Yellowish-spined Mamillaria. Fl. June, Aug. Cit- asia Shrub 4 to 4 foot. 6 M. rutvisrina (Haw. in phil. mag. oct. 1829. p. 106.) plant roundish ; tubercles or mammæ bearing about 13 spines each at the apex, about 4 of which are a little longer than the rest: outer ones horizontal. k. D. S. Native of Brazil. Flowers large, red, nearly like those of M. rhoddntha (Otto), but probably larger, and the spines are longer ; lower spines 3 lines long, white, almost covering the whole plant: and the 4 upper ones spreading, and 2 or 3 times longer than the rest, of a fulvous colour. Brown-spined Mammillaria. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1829. Sh. 4 to} ft. 7 M. prorirera (Haw. syn. 177. suppl. 71.) plant obovate, proliferous at the base; axils woolly ; spines long, straight, of a whitish straw-colour. k. D.S. Native of South America. Cactus mammilliris prdlifer, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 175. Offsets rising from the plant at the very base, from which it is easily known from M. flavéscens (ex Salm-Dyck.). Proliferous Mammillaria. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1800. Sh. 4 to 4 foot. 8 M. pe’nsa (Link. et Otto, pl. rar. hort. berol. t. 35.) plant cylindrical, glaucescent; tubercles or mammæ conical, dense ; spines numerous, yellowish, 1 of which in each fascicle is larger than the others. h. D.S. Native of Mexico, on the mountains. Dense Mammillaria. Clt.? Shrub 4 foot. 9 M. sicotor (Lehm. in pl. nov. hort. hamb. ex bot. zeit. 1821. p. 132.) plant obovate, proliferous at top; axils woolly ; mamme twisted spirally, ovate, pyramidal, woolly at the apex, p 158 and bearing spines; spines setaceous, divaricate, white, 2 of which are erect in each fascicle, and much longer than the rest, spaceolate at the apex. h.D.S. Native of Mexico, on the mountains. Two-coloured Mammillaria. Clt.? Shrub 4 foot. 10 M. símrrex (Haw. syn. 177.) plant simple, obovate ; axils glabrous; tubercles or mamma ovate, bearing stiff, straight, radiating spines at the apex. h.D.S. Native of South Ame- rica, and the islands. Cactus mammillaris, Lin. spec. 666. D.C. pl. grass. t. 3. Cat. hort. monsp. 83. Plant 6-8 inches long. There are about 18 or 20 series of tubercles, winding to the left. Spines shortish and red. omentum short, deciduous. Axils, when young, rather tomentose. Flowers white. Berry red. Simple Mammillaria. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1688. Sh. 4 to 3 ft. 11 M. parvima’wma (Haw. suppl. 72.) plant nearly globose, proliferous at the top; tubercles or mammz numerous, small, clothed with white tomentum at the apex, each terminating in 10 or 12 rather stiff, dark purple spines. 2%. D.S. Native of South America. Cactus microthéle, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 494. The character is from Salm-Dyck. in litt. Small-teated Mammillaria, Clt. 1817. Pl. }to å foot. 12 M. Etonea‘ra (D. C. mem. cact. in mem. mus, vol. 17. p- 109.) plant usually multiple at the base, cylindrical, elon- gated, a little branched, with the axils broad and naked ; mammz or tubercles very short, broad at the base, obtuse at the apex, with the areole of the younger ones rather tomentose ; prickles setiform, 16-18 in each fascicle, radiating, yellow, much longer than the mamme, without any central ones. h. D.S. Native of Mexico, where it was discovered and sent to Europe by Dr. Coulter, as well as all the following species. Elongated Mammillaria. Clt. 1830. Pl. 4 foot. 13 M. ecntna‘ria (D. C. 1. c. p. 110.) plant usually multiple at the base, cylindrical, elongated, with the axils broad and naked; mamme naked, very short, broad at the base, and ob- tuse at the apex, with the areole of the younger ones rather tomentose ; prickles bristle-formed, 16-18 in a fascicle, radiating, spreadingly recurved, yellow, much longer than the mamme, with the 2 central ones stiffer and brownish. h.D.S. Native of Mexico. Flowers bearded at the base, sessile in the axils, small and pale. Hedgehog Mammillaria. Clt. 1830. Pl. 4 foot. 14 M. suscrécea (D. C. 1. c.) plant usually multiple at the base, cylindrical, with narrow, rather woolly axils; mammz ovate, short, with the areolee of the younger ones rather tomen- tose; prickles bristle-formed, 16-18 in a fascicle, radiating, yellow, longer than the mamme, but when old becoming copper- coloured, without any central ones. #.D.S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 36. Flowers small, sessile, solitary in the axils of the mamme, forming a circle round the top of the plant. Style permanent ; stigma many-cleft. Berry ovate, about the size of a pea, crowned by the floral remains. Plant 2-3 inches high, and 9-11 lines in diameter, with 12-15 mamme in each series, which series bend to the left. Subcroceous-spined Mammillaria. Clt. 1830. PJ. 4 foot. 15 M. re'nuis (D. C. 1. c.) plant multiple at the base, cylin- drical, with narrow, naked axils ; mamme ovate, with the areolze of the young ones rather woolly; prickles bristle-formed, 20-25 in a fascicle, yellow, radiating, a little longer than the mamme, without any central ones. h.D.S. Native of Mexico. Coul- ter, no. 34. Plant 3-4 inches high, and 5 lines in diameter, Var. P, mèdia (D. C. 1. c.) stem thicker; central prickles wanting or solitary. h. D.S. Native of Mexico. Plant 10- 12 lines in diameter. Perhapsa proper species, or perhaps M. cespitosa, Hort. berol. according to Salm-Dyck. lender Mammillaria. Clt. 1830. PI. 4 foot. 16 M. sterte’xta (D. C. l. c.) plant multiple at the base CACTE®. I. MAMMILLARIA. cylindrical, with narrow axils; mammæ ovate, much crowded hidden by the congeries of prickles, with the areolæ smoothish ; prickles 20-25 in a fascicle, stiff, yellow, radiating, interwoven from the mammæ being so close together. h. D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 37. Plant 4 inches high, and 1 inch in diameter. Prickles 3-4 inches long, sometimes some- what echinated. According to a letter received from Dr. Coul- ter to De Candolle, this and the 4 preceding species will form, as he conceives, only one species; the appearance of these plants have a striking likeness to each other, but these differences appear to De Candolle real, and permanent, and he considers them as forming a small group of the genus, remarkable for the elongation of their stems, and for their yellow appearance. Interwoven-spined Mammillaria, Clt.1830. PI. 3 foot. 17 M. cyzinprica (D. C. l. c. p. 111.) plant simple, cylin- drical, with a few bristles in the axils; mammæ ovate, with smoothish areole ; bristles 20-25, in a fascicle, radiating, white, shorter than the mamme: the 2 central prickles stiff and diverg- ing, twice the length of the surrounding bristles. R. D. S, Native of Mexico (Coulter). This plant is easily distinguished from all the preceding, in the colour of the mammæ being deep green, not yellow. Plant 5 inches high, and 1 inch in diameter Bristles 14-2 lines long, and the central prickles 3-4 lines long. Cylindrical Mammillaria. P1. 4 foot. 18 M. r'rrcans (D. C. L c.) plant simple, obovate, somewhat umbilicate at the apex, with naked axils; mammæ ovate, having the areolz of the young ones rather tomentose ; bristles 25-30 1m each fascicle, white, radiating, stiflish, and with 1-3 stiff, erect prickles, which are a little longer than the bristles that surroun! them. h.D.S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 48. Plant 2 inches high and 2 inches in diameter. Var. B, minor (D. C. 1. c.) plant exactly obovate, one half smaller than the species, but it is probably a young plant of the same, Var. y, globisa (D. C. 1. c.) plant larger, globose, with the upper axils bearded. Perhaps the same, but an old plant. Elegant Mammillaria. Pl. 4 foot. : 19 M.ra‘prans (D. C, 1. c.) plant simple, nearly globose, with naked axils; mamme ovate, large, with the areolæ smoothish ; prickles 16-18 in a fascicle, radiating, white, stiff, when young rather tomentose, without any central ones. h. D. S. „Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 35. There are varieties of this plant either with an obtuse or a depressed apex, and the spines either white or yellowish. Plant about 3 inches high, and the samé in diameter. Prickles 5-6 lines long. Radiating-prickled Mammillaria. PI. 4 foot. 20 M. irrecuta‘ris (D. C. 1. c.) plant multiple, and rather tuberous at the base, with ovate offsets, and naked axils ; mamme oblong, with smoothish areole ; bristles 20-25 in each fascicle, white, a little reflexed, without any central prickles. R. D. $. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 31. Plant 2 inches high, with offsets an inch in diameter. Bristles 2 lines long. Irregular Mammillaria. Pl. 4 foot. ; 21 M. cresrispina (D. C. 1. c.) plant multiple at the bases offsets ovate; axils naked; mammæ ovate, short, crowded, “is the areolz smoothish; prickles straight, outer 16-17 radiating and white, central 3 brown and erect. h.D.S. Native ° Mexico. Coulter, no. 14. Plant 2 inches high and 14 inch s diameter. The prickles, from the mamme being close, near y hide the stem. Thick-spined Mammillaria, P1. 2 inches. ce 22 M. conoipea (D.C. 1. c. p. 112.) plant simple, ovate-con! cal, with the axils woolly in the young state; mamme ers crowded, with the areolz rather tomentose while young ; PT straight, stiff, the outer 15-16 radiating, but the central 3-5 are erectly diverging, brown, and rather longer than the ray © pék: ON tl Te SS CACTEA., hk. D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 22. Allied to M. crebrispina, and is perhaps M. cónica, Haw. Flowers of a red- dish-violaceous colour, few in number, rising near the top of the stem. Conoid Mammillaria, PI. 4 foot. 23 M. compre’ssa (D. C. 1l. c.) plant simple, cylindrically- clavate; axils when young woolly and bristly ; mamme ovate, short, angular at the base, and as if they were compressed be- neath, with the areolze rather tomentose; prickles 4-5 in each fascicle, unequal, white, lower one the longest. k.D.S, Na- tive of Mexico. Coulter. Plant 5 inches high, an inch broad at the base, and 14 inch in diameter at the top. Compressed Mammillaria. Pl. 4 foot. 24 M. cornirera (D. C. l. c.) plant simple, globose, with naked axils; mamme ovate, thick, crowded, with the areolz smoothish ; outer prickles 16-17, radiating grey, with a strong, longer, erect, rather incurved one in the middle of each fascicle. hk. D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter. Plant 3 inches in dia- meter, 24 broad. Ray prickles 5-6 lines long, and the central one 7-8 lines long. Horn-bearing Mammillaria. PI. 4 foot. 25 M. crinira (D.C. 1. c.) plant globose, depressed, multiple at the base ; axils naked ; mamme ovate, thick, with the areolze smoothish ; bristles 15-20 in each fascicle, white, elongated, rather radiating: central prickles yellow, stiff, hooked at the apex, length of the bristles that surround them. bh. D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 28. Plant 1 inch high, 14 inch in diameter. Bristles 8-9 lines long. Var. b, pauciséte (D.C.1. c.) axils woolly ; bristles 8-10 in a fascicle. Sometimes the bristles are nearly all deciduous. Coulter, no. 29. Hairy Mammillaria. Pl. 1 inch. 26 M. czsriritia (D. C. 1. c.) plant multiple at the base, tufted, aggregate, globose; axils naked; mamme few, ovate, with the areolz smoothish ; prickles straight, stiff, when young whitish-yellow, but in the adult state greyish: outer ones 9-11 in each fascicle, radiating, with 1-2 longer, erect, central ones. h.D.S. Native of Mexico. Coulter. Tufts 4 inches broad. Offsets an inch in diameter. Tufted Mammillaria. Pl. 4 foot. 27 M. susanevra‘ris (D. C. 1. c.) plant simple or multiple at the base, nearly globose, depressed; axils for the most part woolly ; mamme ovate, thick, short, angularly tetragonal from Pressing so close against each other, with the areole of the young Ones tomentose ; prickles 6-8 in each fascicle, erectly diverging, unequal, of a pale grey colour. h. D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter. Plant nearly 3 inches high and 1} broad. Prickles 3-10 lines long. Subangular-teated Mammillaria. Clt. 1830. PI. 4 foot. 28 M. macraca’ntHa (D.C. 1. c. p. 113.) plant simple, glo- bose, depressed, with some of the axils naked, and some of them bearded with wool; mamme ovate, rather tetragonal, with the areolz of the young ones rather tomentose ; prickles 1-2, very ong, pungent, white, or brownish. h.D.S. Native of Mexico. oulter, no. 44. Perhaps the same as M. magnimimma, Haw.? Prickles 2 inches long. Plant 14-2 inches high, and 3-6 inches in diameter, Prickles rather angular. Long-spined Mammillaria. PI. 4 foot. _ 29 M. roncma'mma (D. C. 1. a plant simple, or rather mul- tiple at the base, ovate, or nearly cylindrical ; axils woolly ; mamme ovate-oblong, dense, with the areola tomentose ; prickles 9-10 in each fascicle, pungent, of a greenish brown colour. H ). S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 30. Plant 3-4 inches high, and 2 inchesbroad. Prickles 6-9 lines long. Long-teated Mammillaria. PI. 4 foot. 0 M. ocraca’ytua (D. C. 1. c.) plant simple, ovate-oblong, 8 I. MAMMILLARIA. 159 nearly cylindrical ; axils naked ; mammæ oblong, rather tetra- gonal, with the areolæ of the young ones rather tomentose ; prickles stiff, the outer 7 in each fascicle radiating and white, with a central one, which is stiffer, longer, and of a fuscescent- colour. h. D.S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 39. Plant 3 inches high, 2 inches broad. Outer prickles 3-4 lines long ; central one 6 lines long. Light-spined Mammillaria. Pl. 4 foot. 31 M. reucaca’ntua (D.C. l.c.) plant multiple at the base, ovate; axils naked; mamme few, ovate-tetragonal,with the areola of the young ones glabrous; prickles 6-7 in each fascicle, stiff, white, sometimes all radiating, and sometimes the one in the centre is erect. h.D.S. Native of Mexico, Coulter. Plant an inch and a half high, and hardly an inch broad. Prickles 4 lines long. White-spined Mammillaria. Pl. 4 foot. 32 M. pive’rcens (D, C. 1. c.) plant multiple at the base, nearly globose, depressed; axils woolly and bristly; mammæ ovate, crowded, with the areolæ of the young ones woolly ; prickles 5-6 in each fascicle, unequal, pungent, white, but brownish at the apex, diverging, and somewhat tetragonal. h. D. S. Native of Mexico, Coulter. Perhaps only a variety of M. macracántha. Tufts 6-7 inches broad, and 2 inches high. Diverging -spined Mammillaria. P1. 4 foot. 33 M. rriaca’ntHA (D.C. 1. c.) plant simple, obovate, nearly cylindrical, bluntly truncate ; axils hardly woolly, but with a few bristles ; mammæ ovate, much crowded, with the areolæ of the young ones tomentose; prickles 3 in each fascicle, erect, white, lower one the longest, tending downwards, 2 lateral ones very short. h. D. S. Native of Mexico, Coulter, no. 46. Plant 3 inches high, and 13 inch broad. Sometimes there is a fourth prickle in each bundle, but when this is present it is very short. Three-spined Mammillaria. Pl. 4 foot. 34 M. semrerRvìvi (D.C. l.c. p. 114.) plant simple, attenu- ated at the base, depressed at the apex, disk-formed; axils woolly; mamme erect, ovate-tetragonal, with the areolæ smooth- «ish; bristles 3-4 in each fascicle, stiff, short, and white, and 2 thick, short, diverging prickles. h.D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 57. Plant 24 inches broad, and 14 high. ` Var. P, tetracdntha (D.C. 1. c.) plant densely bearded in the axils; bristles none; prickles 4, short, diverging. k. D. S. Native of Mexico. Sempervivum-like Mammillaria. Pl, 4 foot. 85 M. pisciro'rmis (D.C. |. c.) plant simple, depressed, disk- formed; axils naked; mammæ crowded, short, depressed, tetra- gonal, with the areolæ of the young ones rather tomentose, and of the adult ones somewhat unarmed ; prickles 5, in each cen- tral mamma, stiff, white, erect. h.D.S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 50. Plant 3 inches broad, and hardly an inch high. Dick formed Mammillaria. PI. 1 inch. 36 M. tatima’mma (D. C. l. c.) plant simple, depressed, somewhat discoid : with the younger axils woolly ; mamme short, broadly ovate, at length depressed, transversely oblong, with the areolæ of the young ones woolly ; prickles 16-17 in each fas- cicle, stiff, yellowish, rather fuscescent at the apex, diverging, unequal. h. D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 54. Plant 5 and a half inches in diameter, and hardly an inch and a half high. Broad-teated Mammillaria. PI. 1 inch. 37 M. ceminisvina (Haw. in phil. mag. 63. p. 42. D. C. diss. t. 3.) plant simple, cylindrically columnar; axils very woolly ; tubercles or mammz small, very numerous; spines small, white, interwoven, 2 of which in each fascicle are much Jonger than the reste h.D.S. Nativeof Mexico. Cáctus columnaris, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Plant half a foot high. Flowers 160 CACTEZ. red, a little longer than the tubercles. Haworth’s plant appears to be different from that of De Candolle. Twin-spined Mammillaria. Clt. 1823. Shrub 4 foot. 38 M. vivi'para (Haw. suppl. p. 72.) plant multiple; offsets nearly globose; tubercles or mamme cylindrically ovate, bearded, marked by a proliferous furrow above; flowers central, large, exserted. h.D.F. Native of Louisiana, on high hills about the river Missouri. Cactus viviparus, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 295. Spreng. syst. 2. p. 494. exclusive of Haw. syn. Each tuft of the plant in its native place of growth is 2 or 3 feet in diameter. Flowers deep red, almost like those of Cereus flagel- l“formis, Outer lobes of calyx ciliated. Berries about the size of grapes, fusiform, greenish. Viviparous Mammillaria. F]. June, Aug. Clt. 1811. Pl. 2 ft, 39 M. ctomera'ra (D. C. prod. 3. p. 459.) plant tufted ; tubercles or mamme clavate, glaucous, tomentose, furnished with a stellate bunch of spines each at the apex. k.D. S. Native of St. Domingo, in marshes. Plum. ed. Burm. 201. f. 1. Cactus glomeratus, Lam. dict. 1. p. 257. Spreng. syst. 2. p. 494, ex- clusive of the synonyme of Haworth. Flowers red. Glomerate Mammillaria. Shrub 4 foot. 40 M. rusrrra (D. C. diss. t. 2. f. 1.) plant multiple, round- ish ; axils a little bearded ; tubercles or mammæ ovate, bearing radiating spines at the apex, outer spines hair-formed and white, inner ones stiff and pale yellow, pubescent when examined under a lens. h. D.S. Native of South America. Mill. dict. no. 6. Cactus pusillus, D. C. cat. hort. monsp. p. 185.—Pluk. phyt. t. 29, f. 2.? Plant very small, rather glaucescent, hardly 2 inches high. The tubercles or mammæ are disposed in 5 or 7 series, which wind to the left. Flowers large, white or pale red, with the backs of the petals reddish. Small Mammillaria. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl. 4 foot. 41 M. steLLa ta (Haw. in phil. mag. Feb. 1830.) plant irre- gularly tufted, beset with radiating fascicles of white pubescent spines; the lower ones of which are hair-formed, with a few of the upper ones much stronger and more horizontal, and straw- coloured at the apex. b. D. S. Native of South America. Cáctus stellàris, Willd. enum. p. 30. M. stellàris, Haw. suppl. p- 72. Lodd. bot. cab. 79. but not M. pusilla, D. C. Starry Mammillaria. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1815. Pl. 4 foot. 42 M. Mıssourrr'nsıs (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 171.) mammæ or tubercles ovate, terete, bearded ; flowers hardly exserted ; berries scarlet, about equal with the mammæ. h. D.F. Native of Louisiana, on the high mountains about the Missouri. Cactus mammillaris, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 295. Flowers white. Ber- ries scarlet. This is a much smaller plant than M. simplex, to which it is nearly allied. Missouri Mammillaria, 4 to 4 foot. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1818. Shrub + Species not sufficiently known. 43 M. Herrcreres (D. C. diss. t. 5.) plant simple, obovate, glabrous; tubercles or mammæ disposed in numerous, nearly vertical, regularly spiral series, bearing spreading, straight, spines at the apex. h. D. S. Native of Mexico. Cactus Helicteres, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Plant 3-4 inches high. Flowers rose-coloured, a little longer than the mamme. Screw Mammillaria. Pl. 4 to 4 foot. 44 M. nu'pa(D. C. prod. 8. p. 460.) plant simple, cylindri- cal, ascending, glabrous ; tubercles or mamme unarmed. h.D. S. Native of Mexico. Cactus niidus, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Flowers rose-coloured. Naked Mammillaria, Pl. 4 to 4 foot. $ The folloning species are hardly knonn unless by name ; I. MAMMILLARIA. II. MeLocacrTus. some of these names may, however, be referrible to those described above. 1 M. mitis, Mill. dict. 2 M. cónica, Haw. suppl. 3 M, cæspitòsa, Hort. berol. 4 M. canéscens, Hort. berol. 5 M, angulàris, Hort. berol. 6 M. chrysántha, Hort. berol. 7 M, auràta, Hort. berol. 8 M. fuscàta, Hort. berol. 9 M. atrata, Hort. berol. || The following species were raised in the gardens in 1827 from seeds brought from Chili by Dr. Gillies, but have not yet been described. The species we have referred to this genus only from their seedling state, nithout any knonledge of them mhen full grown. The names are under the genus Cactus in Gillies's MSS. 1 M. spindsa, Gill. 2 M. quadrata, Gill. 3 M. caudata, Gill. 4 M. coccinea, Gill. 5 M. solitària, Gill. Cult. Mammillaria is a genus of small singular grotesque succulent plants. A mixture of sand, loam, and peat, or loam mixed with brick rubbish, is a good soil for them. The pots in which the species are grown should be as small as the plants will allow, and they shouid be well drained with sherds; they re- quire very little water. The pots should be placed on shelves erected for the purpose in a stove, should there be no house for the purpose of growing succulent plants, called a dry stove The plants are increased by offsets. II. MELOCA'CTUS (from pndov, melon, a melon, and Kar- roc, cactos, a name applied to a spiny plant by ‘Theophrastus; the plants are in the form of a melon, and the angles are beset with tufts of spines). C. Bauh. pin. 384, D.C. diss. 1826. Link et Otto, diss. 1827. p. 8. D.C. prod. 3. p. 460.—Cactus, Haw. syn. 172. exclusive of some species. Cactus, sect. B, Link, enum. 2. p. 21. : Lin. syst. Icosdéndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx adhering to the ovarium ; lobes 5-6, petaloid, crowning the young fruit. Petals 5-6, united into a long cylindrical tube with the sepals. Stamens filiform, disposed in many series. Style filiform; stig- mas 5, radiating. Berry smooth, crowned by the dry lobes of the corolla and calyx. Seeds imbedded in the pulp. Cotyle- dons small. Plumule large, nearly globose (D. C. Organogt- t. 48. f. 3.) Fleshy globose simple roundish shrubs, w! deep furrows, alternating with vertical ribs, which are orna- mented with confluent tubercles, each tubercle furnished w! a starry fascicle of prickles or spines. Spadix or flowering hea terminal, cylindrical, composed of mammæform, much crowdè tomentose or setiferous tubercles. Flowers immersed in the w00 of the head under its apex. 1 M. communis (Link et Otto, l. c. diss. p. 8. t. 11. D. 2 diss. t. 6.) plant ovate-roundish, deep green, with 11 oF l: angles ; ribs straight ; spines strong, pale brown, unequal, 9 m each fascicle: lower one the longest: middle one erect. ĉ' D. S. Native of the West India Islands, in salt marshy places near the sea; and probably on the main land of som America. Cactus Melocáctus, Lin. spec. 666. D. C. P' grass. t. 112. Cáctus Melocactus, and Č. coronatus, Lam. dict 1. p. 537.—Bradl. suce. t. 32. Ribs 12-18. Flowers tubulah red. Fruit red, nearly like those of Mammillaria, but large oblong, and deciduous, protruding from the wool on the head. Var. B, obléngus (Link et Otto, 1. c.) plant smaller ; priekls® weaker, and more red. Stem 6 inches high, and 34 thick- _ Var. y, macrocéphalus (Link et Otto, 1. c.) plant thicker, a inches high, and 9 inches broad. c Common Melon-thistle, or Turk’s-cap. Fl. July, Aug. k 1688. Shrub 1 foot. with 2 M. Lama’rcxu; plant ovate, flattish at the base, “: 14-20 angles at the top, which are rather oblique and blunts CACTEA. on the back ; spines red, stiff, rather incurved, disposed in ap- proximate fascicles, which are very woolly towards the tops of the angles; cap roundish, furnished with a few red setaceous spines; flowers red. h. D. S. Native of South America. Cactus Lamarckii, Coll. hort. ripul. append. 3. t. 7. Lamarck’s Melon-thistle. Pl. 3 foot. 3 M. macraca’ntavs (Link et Otto, diss. p. 9. t. 12.) plant roundish, light green, with 14 angles; ribs straight; spines in fascicles, very thick, whitish, but of a brownish red-colour at the apex: outer 12 radiating, central, 4 large and straight. h. D. S. Native of St. Domingo. Cactus macracanthos, Salm-Dyck, obs. 1820. p. 1. Haw. rev. p. 69. Flowers unknown, but the spadix or woolly head is depressed at the top. Long-spined Melon-thistle. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1 foot. 4 M. pyramtpa'tis (Link et Otto, diss. p. 10. t. 25.) plant conical or pyramidal, with 17 angles; ribs rather oblique, cre- nated ; spines very long, in fascicles, of a brownish red co- lour: outer 14 radiating in 2 series, with 2 or 3 straight and very long. h.D.S. Native of Curassoa. Cactus pyrami- dalis, Salm-Dyck, obs. 1820. p. 4. Stem when young crowded with spines. Spadix or woolly head cylindrical, depressed at the apex. Pyramidal Melon-thistle. Shrub 1 foot. 5 M pracentirérmis (D.C. prod. 3. p. 460.) plant hemis- pherical, depressed, green, with 12 or 14 angles; ribs very blunt; prickles 8-12 in a fascicle, unequal, recurved, strong. b. D.S. Native of Brazil. Cactus Melocactus, Besl. hort. eystet. 4. ord. f. 1. but not of Lin. C. placentiférmis, Lehm. ind. sem. hort. hamb. (1826). Melocactus Besléri, Link et Otto, diss. (1827). p. 11. t. 21. Lehman’s name being older than Link’s has been here adopted, as being more apt; but Link’s figure and description are far better. Spadix or woolly head nearly globose, impressed in the vertex. Flowers reddish. Prickles blackish. Placenta-formed Melon-thistle. Shrub 1 foot. 6 M. Lanespo’rri (D. C. prod. 3. p. 461.) plant oblong, with 17 angles; spines slender, stiff, spreading: top of plant floriferous, very villous and very spiny. h. D. S. Native of Brazil? Cactus Langsdérfii, Lehm. in sem. hort. hamb. (1826). Flowers yellow. Stamens purple. The rest unknown. Lang sdorf’s Melon-thistle. Shrub 1 foot. + Species not sufficiently known. 7 M. Serròwiu (D.C. prod. 3. p. 461.) plant globose, de- pressed, glaucescent, woolly and flat in the vertex, with 10 arched ribs; prickles 7 in each fascicle, recurved : the central 5 much the largest. h. D. S. Native of Monte Video. Echino- cactus Selléwii, Link et Otto, diss. p. 16. t. 22. Melacáctus Species secundum Salm-Dyck, who confirms that the plant is woolly at the top, and is analogous to M. placentiformis, Plant 2 inches high, and 43 inches thick. Prickles 8-10 lines long, fuscescent. Flowers unknown. Sello’s Melon-thistle. Pi. 4 foot. 8 M. rotyaca’ntHus (D. C. prod. 3. p 461.) plant oval, glaucescent, with a flat woolly apex, and with 21 blunt vertical ribs; prickles 8 in each fascicle: the upper 2 of these smaller than the others. h.D.S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Grande. Echinocdctus polyacanthus, Link et Otto, diss. P. 13. t. 16. f. 1. Stem 4 inches high, and 3 inches thick, attenuated at the base, with narrow furrows; prickles cinereous. lowers unknown. Many-spined Melon-thistle. Shrub 4 foot. 9 M.? mezocacroipes (D. C. prod. 3. p. 461.) plant globose, with 10 angles, having the tops of the angles beset with a series of woolly tubercles ; prickles 7 or 8 in a fascicle, rather recurved, pale, but becoming gradually brownish towards the apex. k. VOL. IIL. II. Merocacrtus. III. Ecurnocactus. 161 D. S. Native of Brazil. Cactus melocactoides, Hoffms. verz. 2.? (1826) 3. p. 24. Habit of M. comminis. Melocactus-like Melon-thistle. Pl. 4 foot. Cult. A grotesque and singular genus like the last, but of larger growth, and beset with stronger spines, without teats. The culture, propagation, and treatment of the species are the same as that recommended for the last genus. IHI. ECHINOCA’CTUS (from exivoc, echinos, a hedgehog, and kaxrog, cactos, a name given by Theophrastus to the spiny plant ; plants beset with spines like the hedgehog). Link et Otto, diss. p. 11. Salm-Dyck, in litt. D. C. prod. 3. p. 461.—Cactus species of Haw. Lin. syst. Icosdéndria, Monogynia. Sepals numerous, imbri- cate, adnate to the base of the ovarium, united into a short tube at the base: outer ones in the form of an involucrum: inner ones petal-formed. Stamens numerous. Style filiform, multifid at the apex. Berry scaly from the permanent remains of the sepals. Cotyledons wanting ?—Simple, grotesque, fleshy, ovate or globose, ribbed, leafless shrubs, with the habit of Melo- cactus; ribs as if they were formed from confluent tubercles, bearing on their back fascicles of prickles. The woolly head or spadix, which is present in Melocáctus is wanting in this genus. Flowers rising from the fascicles of spines at the tops of the ribs very like those of the genus Céreus, but the tube is almost wanting. 1 E. crpzo'sus (D. C. prod. 3. p. 461.) plant ovate or nearly oblong, obtuse; ribs interrupted by tubercles; some of the tubercles rather tomentose at the apex, and tipped with fas- cicles of stiff straight needle-formed prickles ; others in the outer series naked, elongated, and mammeeform, and a little com- pressed. kh. D. S. Native of Jamaica. Cáctus gibbdsus, Haw. syn. p. 173. bot. reg. 137. Plant nearly like that of Mammillaria tuberculòsa, but is not lactescent? Flowers 2, larger than any other of the genus, quite at the apex of the plant, which is depressed. The tube of the flower is greenish, and the sepals distant, with a white expanded limb: lobes obovate, rather mucronate, disposed in 4 series. Genitals yellow. Gibbous Hedgehog-thistle. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1808. PI, 4 foot. 2 E. susersposus (Haw. in phil. mag. Oct. 1831. p. 418.) plant roundish-oblong, very spiny, with the spines interwoven ; angles or ribs about 16 in number, and are, as well as the re- cesses, profound and acute ; fascicles of spines distant. h . D. S. Native near Valparaiso. Plant 5 inches high, and 3 inches broad, woolly at the base of the fascicles of spines. Spines straight, 12-13 in each fascicle: the lower ones of these are whitish or pale, bristle-formed, nearly half an inch long, hori- zontal: the 6 upper ones prickle-formed, much larger, nearly ar inch long, bulbous, and yellowish at the base, and rufescent at the apex ; the middle spine of the ultimate fascicles compared with the rest is straight. Sub-gibbous Hedgehog-thistle. Clt. 1830. Pl. 4 foot. 3 E. no’s1tis (Haw. in phil. mag. Feb. 1830. p. 114.) plant erect, oblong: with many ribs, beset with numerous, strong, straight, black fascicles of spines. h. D. S. Native of Mexico. Cactus nóbilis, Haw. syn. p. 174. but not of others. Cactus redictus, Link, enum. 2. p. 21. Céreus redúctus, D. C. prod. 3. p- 463. Plant 3 feet high. Fascicles of spines interwoven, imbricating. Noble Hedgehog-thistle. Clt.1796. Shrub 3 feet. 4 E. corniGerus (D. C. diss. t. 7.) plant subglobose, very obtuse; ribs almost vertical, interrupted by tubercles, some- what depressed: all prickly at the top; prickles unequal, straight, and needle-shaped : the lower one broad, thick, and a little recurved at the apex. kh. D. S. Native of Mexico. 162 CACTE. - Cactus latispinus, Haw. in phil. mag. vol. 63. p. 41. Echinocactus platycdnthus, Link et Otto, diss. p. 14. t. 14. without a flower. Cactus cornigerus, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Flowers 2-3 at the top of the plant ex fl. mex. an inch long, with a short thick tube, and brownish imbricating sepals, with a purplish limb; lobes nearly linear, acute, disposed in one series. Horn-bearing Hedgehog-thistle. Clt.1823. Pl. 4 foot. 5 E. crispa‘tus (D. C. diss. t. 8.) plant obovate, retuse at the apex, and rather umbilicate; ribs numerous, from 30 to 60, nearly vertical, undulately curled, and tubercular ; prickles in fascicles, unequal, straightish. h. DÐ. S. Native of Mexico. Cáctus crispatus, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Flowers smaller than any other of the genus, at the top of the plant, purple; sepals densely imbricated along the tube, oblong-linear, acute, disposed in 2 series in the limb. Var. B, hérridus(D. C. mem. cact. in mem. mus. 17. p. 115.) fascicles of spines approximate ; prickles stronger, more erect and longer, of a greyish brown-colour. Curled Hedgehog-thistle. Pl. 4 foot. 6 E. orna‘tus (D. C. mem. cact. in mem. mus. vol. 17. p. 114.) plant nearly globose: with 8 deep compressed vertical ribs, ornamented with transverse rows of flocky down, with 3 fascicles on each rib; prickles 7 in a fascicle, straight, yellow, and one central. h. D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 40. Plant 5 inches in diameter. Prickles 8-10 lines long. Ornamented Hedgehog-thistle. Pl. 4 foot. 7 E. rusercusa‘tus (Link et Otto, diss. t. 26.) plant nearly globose, with 8 nearly vertical ribs, and with the recesses nar- row; crests very obtuse, tubercled at the fascicles, of which there are 8 or 10 on each rib; areola when young rather velvety ; prickles 12-13 in each fascicle, grey, with one central straight strong one, the rest radiating. h.D.S. Native of Mexico. Coulter. Intervals on the ribs between the fascicles of spines 8-9 lines. Prickles an inch long. Var. B, spiralis (D.C. 1. c.) ribs twisted spirally to the right. h.D.S. Native of Mexico. Coulter. Perhaps merely an older state of the species. Tubercled Hedgehog-thistle. Pl. 3 foot. 8 E.? cerrsrérmis (D.C. l. e. p. 115.) plant nearly cylin- drical, green, with about 13 compressed ribs, with the recesses acute, and the crests bluntish; prickles 7 radiating, and one cen- tral, in each fascicle, greyish, stiff, slender, with 3 fascicles on each rib. h.D.S. Native of Mexico. Coulter. Perhaps a species of Céreus. Cereus-formed Hedgehog-thistle. Pl. 4 foot. 9 E. eravce'scens (D.C. 1.c.) plant nearly globose, depres- sed, glaucescent, with 11-13 vertical compressed obtuse ribs, with 6 fascicles on each rib; areole oval-oblong, when young velvety; prickles yellow, straight, with 6-7 radiating ones, and one central one in each fascicle. h. D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter. Flowers solitary on the top of each rib, rising in the front of a fascicle. Scales of calyx imbricated, smooth, oval, acuminated, with membranous ciliated margins. Plant 3 inches high, and 5 inches in diameter. Intervals between the fascicles on the ribs half an inch. Prickles an inch long. Glaucescent Hedgehog-thistle. P1. 4 foot. 10 E. Coutre'r1; plant nearly globose, depressed, green, with 13-18 vertical ribs, with both the recesses and ribs acute ; fascicles 3 on each rib; areole oval, when young velvety; prickles yellow, stiff, with 7-8 radiating ones, and one erect cen- tral one, which is nearly twice the length of the others, in each fascicle. h. D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 43. E. hystrix, D. C. l.c. but not of Haw. Plant 5-8 inches in diameter, and 3-4 inches high. Prickles an inch long, central ones 2 inches long. Intervals between the fascicles on the ribs 12-18 lines in length. III. Ecurnocactvs. Coulter’s Hedgehog-thistle. Pl. 4 foot. 11 E. osyatxa‘rus (D. C. diss. t. 9.) plant obovate-globose, depressed and umbilicate at the apex ; ribs numerous, vertical; prickles in fascicles, unequal, divaricate, long; flower solitary at the top of the plant, surrounded by spines. k.D. S. Native of Mexico. Cactus obvallatus, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon, ined.—Tepenexcomitl, Hern. mex. p. 410. with a figure, Spines whitish, needle-shaped, diverging, intricate, Flower erect, purple, with the margins of the lobes of the limb white. Environed-flowered Hedgehog-thistle. Pl. 3 foot. 12 E. renuisrr'nus (Link et Otto, diss. p. 12, t. 19. f. 1.) plant nearly globose, umbilicately retuse at the apex ; ribs 12, bluntish ; prickles in fascicles, slender, recurved, 3 or 4 of which are a little larger than the rest; flowers girded by wool. h. D. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Grande. Plant green, 2 or 3 inches in diameter. Sides of ribs rather impressed. Flowers beyond 2 inches long, yellow ; sepals lanceolate, acute; petals dilated, obtuse, each mucronated by a red bristle. Style 12-15 parted. i Var. B, minor (Link et Otto, 1. e. f. 2.) plant smaller; spines longer and slenderer, and more bent. Slender-spined Hedgehog-thistle. Pl. 4 foot. i 13 E. meLocacrtiro'rmis (D. C. diss. t. 10.) plant roundish- ovate, obtuse; ribs vertical, about 30 in number ; prickles in fascicles, diverging, unequal ; flowers numerous, in a kind of whorl beneath the apex of the plant. h.D.S. Native of Mexico. Cactus multangularis, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. but not of Willd. Spines brownish. Flowers whitish. Sepals numerous, purplish on the outside, imbricated, and ad- pressed to the tube; limb expanded ; lobes oblong, acute, dis- posed in 2 or 3 series. Stigmas long, 8-12, exserted above the stamens. Melon-thistle-shaped Hedgehog-thistle. PJ. 4 foot. 14 E. Lanespo’rru (Lehm. ind. sem. hort. hamb. 1826, p 17.) plant oblong, with 17 angles; spines slender, stiff, spread- ing; vertex of plant very villous and spiny, and bearing flowers. hk. D.S. Native of Brazil. Plant green. Fascicles of spines approximating, rising from short wool, central spine in each = cicle an inch long, the 6 marginal ones unequal, reflexed, an spreading. Flowers 2-4, terminal, rising from among wool an spines. Calyx tubular. Petals about 20, yellow. Stigma many- parted, radiate, purple. Langsdorf’s Hedgehog-thistle. Shrub 4 foot. + The flowers of the following species being unknown, some of them are probably referrible to the genus Melocdctus- 15 E. repnraca’ntuvs (Link et Otto, diss. p. 13. t. 14. f. 2) plant globose, glaucescent, impressed on the top, not tubereled ; ribs 15, acute; prickles 10 in each fascicle, spreading : the central ones the largest. h. D.S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Grande. The plant is hardly an inch high, an hardly the same in thickness. Prickles canescent, hardly ® inch long. Flowers unknown. Ash-coloured-spined Hedgehog-thistle. 4 foot. ee 16 E. recu’rvus (D, C. prod. 3. p. 462.) plant roundish, wit 15 angles; prickles broad, very numerous. h. D. S. Na ae of Mexico. Cactus recirvus, Mill. dict. ed. §. no. 3. Gaot nóbilis, Lin. mant. 243. Willd. spec. 2. p. 939. Cáctus multan gulàris, Voigt. ex Steud. Prickles of two forms, outer ones €*- panded, central ones long, brown and recurved at the apex. Recurved-spined Hedgehog-thistle. Clt. 1796. Pl. 1 oe 17 E. inro'rtus (D. C. 1. c.) plant oblong, with 13-16 angles: angles twisted like a spire at the apex; prickles middle-si7-" rather incurved. h.D.S. Native of Antigua. Cáctus ! tortus, Mill. dict. ed. 8. no. 2. Haw. syn. p. 174. Clt, 1825.- Pl. $ CACTE. III. Var. B, purptreus (D. C. prod. 3. p. 462.) Melocactus pur- pùreus, striisin spiram contortis, Plum. spec. 19. mss. vol. 3. t. 8. Cactus nóbilis, Lam. dict. 1. p. 537. Native of St. Do- mingo. The whole plant is purple, with white prickles. Per- haps a proper species, or a true species of Melocáctus, ex Salm- Dyck in litt. Intoried-spined Hedgehog-thistle. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1768. . Pl. 1 foot. 18 E. Sarmra‘nus (Link et Otto, diss. p. 14. t. 15.) ribs 14- 15, bluntish ; ‘3 central prickles erect, ray ones 15, spreading, in each fascicle. h.D.S. Native of Curassoa. Plant 4 inches long, and 44 inches thick, with the furrows narrow. Prickles reddish. Top of plant impressed. Perhaps the same as Melo- cactus pyramidalis, but in a young state. Flowers unknown. Salm-Dyck’s Hedgehog-thistle. Pl. 4 foot. 19 E. ny’srrrx (Haw. in phil. mag. Feb. 1830, p. 115.) plant roundish, usually with 12 angles ; spines straight, an inch and a half long, fulvous, much longer than the wool from which they rise. h.D.S. Native of the West Indies. Cactus hystrix, Haw. suppl. p. 73. Céreus hystrix, Sweet. Flowers unknown. Like Æ. Salmidnus, but differs in the plant being more oblong, and in the spines being much fewer. Porcupine Hedgehog-thistle. Clt. 1808. Pl. 4 foot. 20 E. rusercua‘tus (Link et Otto, diss. p. 16. t. 26.) plant nearly globose, green, depressed at the top; ribs 8, bluntish ; fascicles with 3 central straight prickles, and 7 spreading, rather recurved ray ones, which become gradually smaller from the centre. h.D.S. Native of Mexico. Plant 4 inches high, and 31 inches thick, with the furrows narrow. Central prickles of the fascicle an inch long, the ray ones gradually decreasing in length. Flowers unknown. Tuberculated Hedgehog-thistle. Pl. 4 to 4 foot. 21 E. crapra‘tus (Link et Otto, diss. p. 17. t. 17.) plant oval-oblong, glaucescent, depressed at the apex ; ribs 14-22, bluntish ; prickles 10 in each fascicle, 3 central ones the largest, flattened, and elongated: middle one of the 3 erect: ray ones spreading much. h.D.S. Native of Mexico. Plant 5 inches high, and 4 inches thick. Prickles canescent, crowded at the top, larger ones 2 inches long. Flowers unknown. Gladiate-spined Hedgehog-thistle. Pl. 4 foot. 22 E. susunrrervus (Link et Otto, diss. p. 16. t. 27.) plant subglobose, green, not depressed at the apex; ribs 8-10, blunt, tubercled ; central prickles large, erectish, recurved, and 4-5 spreading, and the 4-6 outer ones, divaricate, and slender, in each fascicle. h. D.S. Native of Mexico. Plant 24 inches high, and 2 inches thick, with the ribs evidently composed of conflated tubercles. Prickles hoary brown ; the larger ones 2 inches long, and the smaller ones about 4 lines long. Flowers unknown. Awl-bearing Hedgehog-thistle. Pl. 4 to 4 foot. 23 E. pepre’ssus (D.C. prod. 3. p. 463.) plant nearly glo- bose, depressed at the apex ; ribs vertical, about 20 in number, obtuse, and somewhat tubercled ; fascicles of prickles crowded ; prickles rising from fascicles of white tomentum, stiff, very pale brown: central ones in each fascicle 3-4, and 10-12 ray ones: the lower one of these very strong. k.D. S. Native of South America. Melocactus? depréssus, Salm-Dyck in litt. Cactus depréssus, Haw. syn. 173.? i Depressed Hedgehog-thistle. Clt. 1798. PI. z foot. 24 E. orruaca’ntuus (Link et Otto, diss. p. 18. t. 18.) top of plant depressed ; ribs 18, bluntish ; prickles 7 in each fas- cicle : the central one of these strong, larger, and straight : the rest spreading. h.D.S. Native of Monte Video. Plant 2% Inches in diameter, with narrow furrows. Prickles canescent : the larger ones 9 lines long, and the rest about 5 lines long. lowers unknown. Ecurnocactus. 163 Straight-spined Hedgehog-thistle. Pl. 4 to 4 foot. 25 E. arcua‘rus (Link et Otto, diss. p. 15. t. 23.) plant subglobose, glaucescent, not depressed at the apex; ribs 20, arched ; prickles 7 in each fascicle, spreading, and recurved. h. D. S. Native of Monte Video. Plant 3 inches high, and 2% thick, with broad furrows. Sides of ribs not impressed. Prickles of a hoary fucescent colour, 4-6 lines long. Flowers unknown. Arched-ribbed Hedgehog-thistle. Pl. + foot. 26 E. parvisprnus (D. C. prod. 3. p. 463. Haw. in phil. mag. Feb. 1830. p. 114.) plant nearly globose, umbilicate at the apex; ribs 15, compressed ; prickles small, white, fulvous at the apex, rising from white tomentum, 7-9 in each fascicle: the cen- tral one of these straight, and the ray ones 6-8 in number, and a little recurved. h. D.S. Native of South America. Melo- cáctus parvispinus, Haw. suppl. 73. Salm-Dyck in litt. Flowers unknown. Very like E. meonacdnthus, Link et Otto. Small-spined Hedgehog-thistle. Pl. 4 foot. 27 E. INTRICATUS (Link et Otto, diss. p. 19. t. 24.) plant oval, green, with a depressed tubercled top; ribs 20, bluntish ; fascicles of prickles crowded, 18-20 in each fascicle : the 4 cen- tral ones of these larger and erect, the rest spreading, outermost ones divaricate. h.D.S. Native of Monte Video. Plant 4 inches high, and 34 thick. Sides of ribs depressed. Prickles of a hoary-fuscescent colour: the larger ones 8 lines long. Flowers unknown. Intricate Hedgehog-thistle. PI. 4 foot. 28 E. meonaca’ntuus (Link et Otto, diss. p. 19. t. 15.) plant oblong, glaucescent, with the top depressed ; ribs 14, arched ; prickles 9 in each fascicle, short and straight, and one central. h. D.S. Native of Jamaica. Plant 63 inches high, and 44 broad; ribs usually bent. Prickles yellowish, rising from short wool, 4 lines long. The form of the plant is elongated, and like that of a creeping Céreus. Flowers unknown. Less-spined Hedgehog-thistle. P1. 5 foot. 29 E. penupa‘tus (Link et Otto, pl. rar. hort. berol. t. 9.) plant subglobose, green, with 6-8 bluntish ribs; spines 5-8 in each fascicle, all spreading ; involucrum with few leaves. h. D. S. Native of Brazil. Naked Hedgehog-thistle. PI. 30 E. rortudsus (Link et Otto, pl. rar. hort. berol. t. 15.) plant nearly globose, depressed at the top, green, with 4 arched ribs ; the 4-6 middle spines in each fascicle a little larger and thicker than the rest, which are numerous, but all are nearly equal, spreading, and twisted. h.D.S. Native of Brazil. Twisted-spined Hedgehog-thistle. PI. 31 E. errna‘ceus (Haw. in phil. mag. Feb. 1830, p. 114.) plant globular, usually with 14 angles; spines inclining, 9 lines long, numerous, somewhat recurvedly divaricate, fulvous, shorter than the wool from which they originate ; fascicles of spines ap- proximate. k.D. S. Native of South America. Cactus eri- naceus, Haw. suppl. p. 74. Very like Melocactus polyacanthus, Link et Otto, in form, but differs from it in the number of the angles, and in the absence of the woolly flowering top; but the fascicles of spines are nearly similar. Erinaceous Hedgehog-thistle. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1818. Pl. 4 foot. + The two following species from their habitin a seedling state appear to belong to the present genus, but are not described ; they are in the gardens of Edinburgh and Glasgow under the name of Cactus, and have been brought from Chili. 1 E. corrugata, Gill. mss. 2. E. folidsa, Gill. mss. : Cult. See Mammillaria, p. 160. for culture and propagation. Grotesque plants, with the habit of the last genus. ¥2 164 IV. CE‘REUS (from cereus, pliant; in reference to the shoots of some of the species). D.C. cat. hort. monsp. 1813. Haw. syn. 173. Salm-Dyck in litt. D. C. prod. 3. p. 463. Lin. syst. Icosdndria, Monogiynia. Sepals very numerous, imbricated, adnate to the base of the ovarium, united into an elongated tube; outer sepals the shortest, forming the calyx, middle ones longer and coloured, innermost ones petal-formed. Stamens very numerous, united with the tube. Style filiform, multifid at the apex. Berry areolate, tubercular or scaly, either from the remains of the sepals, or from their cicatrices when they have fallen off. Cotyledons wanting ?—Fleshy grotesque shrubs, with a woody axis, and medulliferous inside ; angles ver- tical, bearing fascicles of spines, regularly furrowed. Angles or wings either numerous or very few. Flowers large, rising from the fascicles of spines or indentures on the angles. CACTEZ. § 1. Cereds/ri (an alteration from the generic name). Plants standing without support, never throwing out roots. Stems up- right. * Stems with many angles. 1 C. murrancuta‘ris (Haw. suppl. 75.) stem erect, with 18-20 angles; angles very close, blunt; prickles setaceous, yel- low, longer than the wool from which they rise. k. D. S. Native country and flowers unknown. Cactus multangularis, Willd. enum. suppl. 33. Perhaps the same as Cactus Kagené- kii, Gmel. ex Salm-Dyck in litt. Many-angled Yorch-thistle. Clt.1815. Shrub 1 foot. 2 C. scopa (Salm-Dyck in litt. ex D.C. prod. 3. p. 464.) plant erect; stem with 30 vertical tubercled angles ; fascicles of prickles crowded, rising from tufts of white tomentum: ray prickles setaceous, very numerous and white : central ones 3-4, dark-purple. kh. D. S. Native of Brazil. Cactus scopa, Link, enum. 2. p. 21. Spreng. syst. 2. p. 494. Plant clothed with short, stiffish, setaceous prickles. Broom Torch-thistle. Shrub 1 foot. 3 C. senruis (Salm- Dyck in litt. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 464.) plant erect, somewhat club-shaped ; stem with 20-25 vertical tubercled ribs; fascicles of prickles crowded, naked at the base, each fascicle containing 15-20 radiating hair-formed curled bris- tles, and a straight stiff central spine. k.D. S. Native of Mexico. Cactus senilis, Haw. in phil. mag. vol. 63. p. 41. Cactus bradypus, Lehm. ind. sem. hort. hamb. 1825. p. 17. This is a very singular plant, covered all over with dense hair- like bristles; it is of an oblong shape, about 3 inches‘high, of a greyish-colour, bent, and hanging, like the grey head of an old man, hence the specific name. Old-man Torch-thistle. Clt. 1823. Shrub + foot. 4 C. rawa‘tus (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 68.) stems erect, branched, with many angles, and clothed with white wool; angles membranous, tubercled, and beset with stellate fascicles of prickles; central prickle 8-times longer than the rest. h.D.S. Native of Quito, near the rivers Aranza and Guamcabamba. Stem 10-12 feet high. Central prickle of each fascicle 1 or 14 inch long. Flowers rising from lateral and lon- gitudinal fissures of the stem, involved in wool. Fruit obovate, red, with a whitish green-coloured pulp. Woolly Torch-thistle. Shrub 10-15 feet. 5 C. micraca’sruus (D. C. mem. cact. in mem. mus. 17. p. 115.) plant dividing into many stems at the base, ovate-oblong, greenish, obtuse, with 13 vertical bluntish ribs, with the recesses broad, but hardly acute ; fascicles of spines approximating, with tomentose areolz; prickles 3 in each fascicle, short, setaceous, diverging. h. D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 56. Perhaps a species of Echinocdctus. Plant hardly an inch high and the same in thickness. Small-spined Torch-thistle. Pl. 1 inch. IV. CEREUS: 6 C. potyLépnus (D. C. 1. c.) plant quite simple, erect, green, cylindrical, with 15-18 vertical ribs, and with the furrows acute ; crests rather repand; fascicles of prickles approximating, with the young areole convex and tomentose; prickles 8-9 in each fascicle, yellow, straight, diverging, but the central one is long and erect. h. D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no, 15. Plant 30-40 feet in height, without any branch, according to Coulter. Many-crested Torch-thistle. Shrub 30 to 40 feet. 7 C. Li'yxu (Lehm. ind. sem. hort. hamb. 1827. p. 16.) plant oval, green, with 13 angles; ribs obtuse, bearing flowers at the top from the axils of the fascicles of spines; 3 central spines in each fascicle erectly spreading, and the 10 ray ones slenderer, much more spreading ; stigmas 8. k. D.S. Na- tive of Mexico. Calyx half an inch long, beset with greenish yellow scales, which are furnished with purple bristles and white cobwebbed wool. Petals numerous, truncate at the apex, yellow, with purple bases. Style yellow. Stigmas purple. Link’s Torch-thistle. Clt. 1828. Shrub }-foot. : 8 C. Le’ccun (Coll. hort. ripul. append. 5. t. 2. under Cactus) plant ovate, tapering to the apex, with numerous blunt angles ; fascicles of spines approximate, woolly at the base ; spmes white: ray ones spreading: central one long and straight. k. D. S. Native of South America. Lecche’s Cereus. Clt.? Shrub 1 foot. *# Stems with 6-12 angles. 9 C. nexaco nus (Willd. enum. suppl. 32.) plant simple, erect, large, usually with 6 strong ribs ; fascicles of spines middle- sized; prickles short, brown. h. D. S. Native of South America. Cactus hexagdnus, Lin. spec. 1. p. 667. Andr. bot. rep. t.513. Cactus Peruvianus, D. C. pl. grass. t. 58.—Bradl. succ. 1. p. 1. t. 1. The plant is about 40 feet high, usually without any branches, varying with 5-6-7 angles. Flowers soli- tary, 6 inches long ; having the sepals along the tube greenish and irregularly imbricated ; limb a little expanded, reddish out- side and white inside. Stamens greenish. Fruit dark purple, according to Plumier. 5 Var. B, abnórmis (Willd. enum. suppl. 31.) stem simple, ob- long, irregularly furrowed, and tubercled ; tubercles oblong, compressed, unequal, bearing prickles at the apex, and rather woolly. h.D.S. Native of South America. C. Peruviânus B, monstròsus, D. C. cat. hort. monsp. diss. t. 11. Flowers twin, nearly as in C. hexagonus, but more expanded. and larger, with the outer sepals reddish, but the inner ones are pure white and serrated ; tube striated with green on the outside. Stigmas 9-13, greenish. Hexagonal Torch-thistle. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1690. Tr. 40 ft. 10 C. Orronis (Lehm. ind, sem. hort. hamb. 1827. p- 16.) plant oval, green, attenuated at the base, with 10 angles; ribs obtuse, bearing the flowers above from the fascicles of spines: 4 central spines in each fascicle, and 10-14 slender, spreading ray ones; stigmas 14. h.D.S. Native of Mexico. Caiya tubular ; scales acute, greenish yellow, furnished with a fascicle of purple hairs, and white, cobwebbed wool. Petals nu erosely serrated at the apex, rather diaphanous, yellow. Styze yellow. Stigmas purple. Otto’s Torch-thistle. Clt.? Shrub 4 foot. 11 C. Peruvia‘nus (Haw. syn. 171.) plant large, erect, usually 8 angles or ribs ; angles blunt, smooth, glaucous 5 spines whitish, rising from white tomentum, the lower one very SMa» and the central one very strong. h.D. S. Native of Pern and Curassoa. Cactus Peruvianus, Lin. spec. 667. Willd. enum. suppl. 32. Céreus ebtirneus, Salm-Dyck, in cat. hort. Dyck: 1822, Cactus Coquimbanus, Molin. chil. ed. gall. p- 140. ex with CACTEE. Bertol. virid. bon. 1824. p. 4.— Bradl. suce. t. 12.—Lob. icon. 2. p. 25.—Mor. oxon. sect. 17. t. 37. Like C. hexagònus, but differs in being clothed with glaucous bloom. Var. (3, monsiròsus (Salm-Dyck, 1. c.) ribs nearly obliterated ; fascicles of prickles spirally confluent. Peruvian Torch. thistle. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1728. Tr. 20 feet. 12 C. nepraconus (Haw. syn. 178.) plant erect, oblong, 7- angled. h.D. S. Native of South America. Cactus hetero- gonus, Lin. spec. 666. hort. cliff. 181. The plant is said by Linnæus to be 1-2 feet high. Perhaps distinct from C. hexago- nus and C. stridtus. Flowers white. Seven-angled Torch-thistle. Fl. Jul. Clt.1728. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 13 C. cranpispinus (Haw. in phil. mag. feb. 1830. p. 111.) plant 8-angled; prickles nearly 3 inches long; flowers campa- nulate, without a tube; fruit globose, spiny. h. D. S. Native of St. Domingo.—Plum. amer. t. 195. f. 2. Large, bluntly angled. Spines subulate, 12-13 in a fascicle. Petals obtuse, lanceolate, serrated. Great-spined Torch-thistle. Shrub large. 14 C. serruuirtorus (Haw. |. c.) plant 8-angled; bristles half an inch long; petals 5-times shorter than the tube ; fruit rather conical, large, scaly, unarmed. R. D. S. Native of St. Domingo.—Plum. amer. t. 195. f. 1. Large, bluntly angled. Bristles about 20 in each fascicle; fascicles remote. Petals narrow, lanceolate, serrulate, hardly an inch long, but the tube is 43 inches long, and scaly. Very like C. hexagdnus, but the spines are more numerous, longer, and slenderer. Serrulated- petalled Torch-thistle. Shrub large. 15 C. monoctonos (D. C. prod. 3. p. 464.) plant tall, erect, with 8 angles; angles blunt, compressed; spines stellate, nearly equal; petals emarginate at the apex. h.D. S. Native of the Caribbee Islands.—Plum. ed. Burm. t. 191. exclusive of the synonymes. Plumier has himself made his plant the same as Č. Peruvianus, but by Linnzus it has been referred to C. hexa- gonus, but it differs from both these species, in the petals being bluntly emarginate at the apex, and nearly obcordate. Limb of flower spreading. Style exserted; stigma 5-cleft. The name is derived from povoc, monos, alone, and KAovoc, klonos, a noise ; but the application is not evident to. us. Confused Torch-thistle. Shrub 20 feet. 16 `C. rimprra‘tus (Lam. dict. 1. p. 539. under Cactus) plant tall, erect, bluntly 8-angled ; prickles setaceous, white ; flowers with a short tube; petals fringed. k.D. S. Native of St. Domingo, in arid woods.—Plum. ed. Burm. t. 195. f. 1. Stem the thickness of a man’s leg, and about 18-25 feet high. Flowers rose-coloured, campanulate, with few petals. Stamens very numerous; stigma multifid. Fruit globose, red, size of an orange, beset with prickly tubercles; flesh red. Fringed-petalled Torch-thistle. Shrub 18 to 25 feet. 17 Č. ny’strix (Salm-Dyck. in litt. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 464.) plant erect, green, shining, 9-angled; ribs rather compressed ; prickles rising from grey tomentum, with 9 radiating ones, 2 small upper ones, and 3-4 strong, central ones, which are painted with white and brown. h.D. S. Native of South America ? Cactus hystrix, Salm-Dyck. obs. bot. 1822. Old prickles grey, blackish at the apex. This is different from Cactus lætus of H. B. et Kunth, and from C. hýstrix, Haw. Porcupine Torch-thistle. Shrub. 18 C. ye‘rox (Haw. in phil. mag. 1830. feb. p. 107.) plant oblong, nearly terete; with usually 8 ribs ; spines divaricate, brown, dense. }.D.S. Native of Brazil. Plant firm, green, thickly beset with horned spines, and of these there are usually 6 outer radiating ones, 4-5 middle ones, and 1 long central one m each fascicle. i Fierce Torch-thistle. Clt. 1827. Shrub 1 foot. — 19 C. crissus (Haw. syn. 182.) plant erect, longish, usually 8-angled, deeply furrowed, branched at the base ; prickles when 165 Di tS IV. Cereus. old half an inch long, white, but tipped with black. Native of South America. The rest unknown. Grey-spined Torch-thistle. Clt. 1809. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 20 C. crenuca‘rus (Salm-Dyck, obs. bot. 1822.) plant erect, greyish green, with 8-9 angles ; ribs blunt, crenulated ; prickles white, rising from grey tomentum, blackish at the apex, 9 in each fascicle, radiating and equal, and 1 long central one. R. D. S. Native of South America. C. Royéni, Willd. suppl. enum. p. 32. Stem rather woolly at the apex ; wool grey, at length falling off. Var. B; plant rather slenderer than the species; and the prickles are shorter. Salm-Dyck, in litt. Crenulated Torch-thistle. Clt. 1728. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 21 C. cinera’scens (D. C. mem. cact. in mem. mus. 17. p. 116.) plant simple, erect, greyish green; with 8 blunt tubercular ribs, and narrow recesses; areolz while young convex and vel- vety; prickles 14 in each fascicle, white, setaceous, stiff, outer 10 radiating, central 4 erectly diverging, and longer than the ray ones. k. D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 23. Stem 6 inches high, and 2 inches in diameter. Outer prickles 6-9 lines long: central ones 12 lines long; in fascicles, which are 5-6 lines distant from each other. Var. B, erdssior (D. C. I. c.) stem thicker ; fascicles of spines more distant. Var. y, tenùior (D. C. 1. c.) stems slenderer ; ribs more ap- proximate. Very like C. pentalophus, but differs in being 8- angled, not 5-angled. Greyish Torch-thistle. Clt. 1830. Shrub 4 foot. 22 C. catve'scens(D.C.1.¢.) plant simple, or a little branched at the apex, erect, green, obtuse, and rather umbilicate at the apex, with 7-8 vertical, obtuse ribs, and acute furrows ; areola, while young, convex and tomentose, but at Jength becoming nearly glabrous ; prickles 8-9 in each fascicle, brown, stiff, di- verging: the central ones hardly to be distinguished from the outer ones. h.D.S. Native of Mexico. Coulter. Very like C. Peruvianus. Fascicles of spines 6-9 lines distant from each other. Calvescent Torch-thistle. Shrub 8 to 10 feet ? 23 C. mareina'tus (D. C. l. c.) plant simple, or a little branched at the apex, erect, green, obtuse at the tip: with 7 vertical ribs, and acute recesses; crests obtuse, woolly their whole length from white tomentum, in consequence of the oval areolz being confluent; prickles 7-9 in a fascicle, stiff, grey, short : with the central ones hardly to be distinguished from the ray ones. h. D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 13. Stem 23 and 3 inches in diameter. Prickles 1-2 lines long. A very distinct species. Margined Torch-thistle. Shrub. 24 C. arpisrr'nus (Salm-Dyck, obs. bot. 1822.) plant erect, greyish green, with 9 or 10 angles; ribs obtuse, very prickly ; prickles grey, tipped with yellow, rising from grey tomentum, 11 radiating ones and 4 central in each fascicle. h. D. S. Native of South America. Very like C. crenuldtus, but more slender and more woolly. Old plant only woolly at the apex, but the young plant all over; the wool grey. Salm-Dyck, in lit’. White-spined Torch-thistle. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 25 C. reca‘tis (Haw. suppl. p. 75.) plant erect, 9-angled, furrowed ;- spines fu!vous, elongated, when young about equal in length to the wool. k. D. S. Native of South America. Fascicles of spines much crowded. Royal Torch-thistle. Clt.? Shrub 10 feet. 26 C. stricrus (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 32. under Cáctus,) plant erect, green, shining, 7-9-angled; ribs rather compressed repand ; prickles brown, rising from brown tomentum: each fascicle composed of 8 radiating ones, a small superior one, and 3 central ones, which are much longer than the rest. h. D. 5. Native of South America. There is hardly any wool at the top of the stem; the rest unknown. Salm-Dyck. in litt. 166 CACTEX. Straight Torch-thistle. Clt. 1822. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 27 C. Hawérrat (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 495. under Cédclus) plant erect, large, 5-angled, with profound furrows; spines nu- merous, usually an inch long, brown. h. D.S. Native cf the West Indies. C. ndbilis. Haw. syn. 179. This species is more formidable than the rest in the prickles being very large and numerous. The rest unknown. The Cactus nébilis, Lin. Haw. and Lam. are very different from each other, and constitute 3 distinct species. Haworth’ s Torch-thistle. 1811. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 28 C. AU'REUS (Salm-Dyck. in litt. ex D. C. prod. 3, p- 465.) plant erect, green, 7-8-angled ; ribs compressed, very prickly ; prickles yellow, rising from straw-coloured tomentum, with 8 radiating ones in each fascicle, and some central longer ones. k. D. S. Native country and flowers unknown. Differs from C. Hawérthii, in the prickles being yellow, and in their fas- cicles being more closely crowded. Golden-spined Torch-thistle. Shrub. 29 C. nicer (Salm-Dyck. hort. dyck. cat. 1822.) plant erect, blackish, 7-angled ; ribs rather compressed ; prickles slender, fulvous, rising from white tomentum : with 7 radiating ones in each fascicle, the 3 lowest of these longer than the rest, and 2 or 3 central ones, the lowest one very short. h. D. S. Native of South America. Cactus niger, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 495. Céreus niger, Haw. rev. 70. Said to be allied to C. repandus. Top rather woolly ; wool grey. Black Torch-thistle. Clt. 1820. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 30 C. ruxvispinésus (Haw. syn. 183.) plant erect, tall, usually 9-angled, simple or branched; prickles strong, yellowish, when full grown nearly an inch long. h.D. S. ‘Native of South America. Cactus Royéni, Mill. dict. ed. 8. Tanney-spined Torch-thistle. Clt. 1796. Shrub 3 to 4 ft. 31 C. rravisrinus (Salm-Dyck. obs. bot. 1822.) plant erect, pale green, 8-10-angled; ribs rather compressed; prickles slender, yellowish, rising from white tomentum: with 8 radiating ones in each fascicle, the upper ones of these very small, and 3-4 central ones, the upper one of these erect and very long. h. D. S. Native of South America. Perhaps the sameas C. Alavispinus of Colla, hort. rip. p. 24. Stem hardly woolly at the apex; wool grey. There is a variety of this species with 6- angled stems and longer prickles. Salm-Dyck. in litt. Yellow-spined Torch-thistle. Clt.? Shrub 2 to $ feet. 32 C. Curror’nsts (Colla, pl. rar. hort. ripul. app. 2. p. 342.) plant ovate, erect, 10-angled ; angles blunt ; prickles pale, pel- lucid, middle one of each fascicle the strongest ; wool very short. kh. D. S. Native of Chili. C; Coquimbanus, Hort. but not of Molin. Chiloe Torch-thistle. Shrub. 33 C. rupHorsioipes (Haw. suppl. p. 75.) plant erect, usually 10-angled ; angles strong ; spines unequal, nearly naked at the base. h.D.S. Native of tropical America. There are 3 mid- dle-sized spines, 2 about 2 lines long, and 1 about 7 lines long in each fascicle. Spurge-like Torch-thistle. Clt.? Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 34 C. Royrnt (Haw. syn. p. 102.) plant erect, bluntly 9- angled ; spines a little longer than the wool, from which they issue; floral tube unarmed: outer lobes acuminated, inner ones the shortest. k. D. S. Native of the West Indies. Cactus Royéni, Lin. spec. 668.—Royen, lugd. bat. 279.—D. C. pl. grass. t. 143. C. lanugindsus, Mill. dict. no. 7. Floral tube greenish. Calycine lobes rufescent ; inner or corolline ones the longest, acuminated, and white. Stigmas 12. Fruit red, ac- cording to Herm. Royen’s Torch-thistle. Clt. 1728. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 85 C. tanuernosus (Haw. syn. 182.) plant erect, bluntly 8-9- angled ; spines shorter than the wool from which they issue. k. D.S. Native of the West Indies. Herm. lugd. bat. par. IV. Cereus. t. 115. without a flower. C. repandus, Mill. dict. ed. 8. Các- tus lanuginosus, Lin. spec. 667. The fruit, according to Herm, is red, not spiny. Woolly Torch-thistle. Fl. Jul. Clt. 1690. Sh. 1 to 2 ft, 36 C. repa’Nous (Haw. syn. 183. D. C. diss. t. 13.) plant long, erect, with 8-9 blunt angles; angles rather undulated; spines longer than the wool from which they issue ; floral tube, and consequently the fruit, is unarmed: outer lobes of calyx narrow and much acuminated, almost exceeding the inner ones in length. h.D.S. Native of the Caribbee Islands. Cactus repandus, Lin. spec. 667. Ker. bot. reg. te 336. Céreus grà- cilis, Mill. dict. ed. 8. no. 8.—Trew. ehret. t. 14, Tube of flower green; inner calycine or corolline lobes white. Stigmas 8-10. Fruit yellow, white inside. Repand Torch-thistle. Fl. May. Clt. 1728. Sh. 10 to 20f. 37 C. susrepa’Npus (Haw. suppl. 78.) plant erect, with 8 angles ; angles compressed, repand; prickles strong, of a pale colour; wool very short. h.D.S. Native of the West Indies, Very distinct from C. crendtus. Subrepand Torch-thistle. Clt. 1817. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 38 C. #‘rutors (Haw. in phil. mag. feb. 1830. p. 108.) plant erect, bluntly 8-angled ; angles short ; fascicles of spines very black, as well as the short central wool. k. D.S. Na- tive of Brazil., Very like C. repándus, but much more dwarf and simple, and very green ; with about 12 spines in each facet This is a singular plant, from its black spines and black beard- like terminal brush. Black-spined Torch-thistle. Clt. 1829. Shrub. s 39 C. roLycòxus (Lam. dict. 1. p. 539. under Cáctus) plant erect, branched, with 11 blunt angles, woolly at the oe prickles setaceous, grey; flowers short, with the limb hardly spreading. h. D. S. Native of St. Domingo.—Plum. $ Burm. t. 196. Flowers white. Fruit reddish brown, tubercle ; flesh reddish. Stem 10 feet high, and 6-7 inches in diameter. This species is allied to C. repándus, according to Lamarck, but Spreng. has joined it with C. griseus. Many-angled Torch-thistle. Shrub 10 feet. 40 C. ma’enus (Haw. in phil. mag. feb. 1830.) plant yery strong, simple, with usually 12 deep furrows, and as many riigi spines unequal, very stiff, dark. h. D.G. Native of St. = mingo. Spines about 12 in each fascicle ; fascicles rather dis tant. Flowers large, white. Large Torch-thistle. Clt. 1829. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. ) 41 C. pivarica‘rus (Lam. dict. 1. p. 540. under Caa plant erect, branched, very spiny, and bluntly 1o ; branches spreading. k. D.S. Native of St. Domingo.—P wn ed. Burm. t. 193. Flowers lateral, hardly known. Ernten bose, golden yellow, warted by large points, or unarmed ; pwp white and sweet. Divaricate Torch-thistle. Shrub. 42 C. cuLoroca'rrus (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer, ore 68.) plant erect, branched ; branches fastigiate, 10-12-angie#; angles tubercled ; tubercles beset with starry prickles ; rr prickle in each fascicle 4 times longer than the rest. R- D. Native of South America. ~ Green-fruited Torch-thistle. Shrub 10 feet. H 43 C. rÆærus (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) plant erect, pale ae jointed ; joints 7-angled ; angles tubercled, each tubercle io nished with a fascicle of spines. h.D.S. Native of Quito, near Sondorillo. The rest unknown. Fruitful Torch-thistle. Shrub. ° $» ** * Stems with 3-4 or 5 angles, very rarely with 6 angle 6. 44 C. virens (D. C. mem. cact. in mem. mus. 17. p- pel plant simple, erect, pale green, with 5 vertical, oboi fascicles of spines remote, having the areola velvety when y . CACTEE. prickles 8 in each fascicle, 4 of which are stiff, conical, and greyish, or blackish, 3 very short and diverging, and 1 large and horizontal. h.D.S. Native of Mexico. Coulter. Largest prickle in each fascicle 8-10 lines long, smaller ones hardly 2 lines long. Green Torch-thistle. Shrub. 45 C. anisaca’ntuus (D. C. 1. c.) plant simple, erect, deep green; ribs 5-6, with the furrows and crests both acute ; fas- cicles of spines crowded, having the areola convex and velvety while young; prickles 10-20 in each fascicle, setaceous, yellowish, stiff, very unequal, outer ones diverging. k.D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter. Var. a, ortholdpus (D. C. 1.c¢.) stems with 6 vertical ribs ; prickles 10 in each fascicle. Var. B, subspiralis (D. C.1. c.) stems with 5, rather spirally twisted ribs ; prickles 20 in each fascicle. Unequal-spined Torch-thistle. Shrub. 46 Č. penratornus (D.C. 1. c. p. 117.) plant erect, greyish green, obtuse ; ribs 5, vertical, obtuse; fascicles of spines ap- proximate, having the areole velvety when young; prickles 5-7 in a fascicle, setaceous, diverging, when young very pale yellow, but grey in the adult state. h. D. S. Native of Mexico. Dr. Coulter subjoins the 3 following varieties to this species, which may probably hereafter turn out as many distinct species. Var. a, simplex (D. C. 1. c.) stem simple, not rooting; ribs rather prominent ; furrows broad and obtuse ; prickles white. Var. B, subarticulatus (D. C. 1. c.) stem branched, a little arti- culated, but not rooting ; ribs irregular, rather repand; furrows narrow ; prickles yellowish while young. Var. y, radicans (D. C. 1. c.) stems rooting ; ribs broad, short; prickles yellowish while young. Five-crested Torch-thistle. Shrub. 47 C. cra’yvis (Haw. suppl. p. 76.) plant large, exactly te- tragonal, simple, erect ; prickles usually an inch long, divaricate, almost interwoven among each other. kh. D. S. Native of Brazil. The rest unknown. Great-spined Torch-thistle. Clt.? Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 48 C. reTraconus (Haw. syn. 180.) plant tall, erect, usually 4-angled ; angles compressed. h. D. S. Native of South America. Cactus tetragonus, Lin. spec. p. 666. Angles plaited transversely (ex Spreng). Flowers white. Tetragonal Torch-thistle. Fl.Jul. Clt. 1710. Sh. 4 to 6 ft. 49 C. panicuna‘tus (Lam. dict. 1. p. 540. under Cactus) trunk erect; branches forming a kind of panicle at the top of the trunk, tetragonal, articulated at the base ; spines short, in fascicles; petals rounded at the apex. R. D. S. Native of St. Domingo, in wild places.—Plum. ed. Burm. t. 192. Flowers white, lined with red. Fruit tubercled, yellow. Perhaps this species is referrible to Jamacaru prima, Marcgr. bras. p. 125. f. 2. but the figure given by him is too rude to determine this point. Panicled Torch-thistle. Shrub. 50 C. Prrasa‘ya (Jacq. amer. erect ; branches trigonal ; spines in fascicles. h. D. S. Na- tive of Carthagena, in bushy places by the sea-side. Flowers Opening in the night, white, 8 inches long. Fruit scarlet, shin- ing, size and form of a hen’s egg; pulp white. Pitajaya is the vernacular name of the plant. Pitajaya Torch-thistle. Shrub. 51 C. unpuròsus (D. C. prod. 3. p. 467.) trunk erect, very spiny, and is as well as the branches trigonal; spines in fascicles, black; limb of flowers spreading. h. D. S. Native of St. omingo. Plum. ed. Burm. t. 194. Cactus Pitajaya p, Lam. dict. 1. p. 539. Prickles 2 inches long. Flowers white, beau- tiful. Fruit greenish yellow, about the size and form of an apple; pulp white. 151. under Céctus) trunk IV. Cereus. 167 Undulated Torch-thistle. Shrub. 52 C. opru'sus (Haw. rev. p. 70.) plant erect, pale green, triangular; ribs blunt; fascicles of prickles very remote ; prickles tawny, rising from brown tomentum : with 4 radiating ones in each fascicle, and a central, elongated erect one. kh. D S. Native country and flowers unknown. Blunt-angled Torch-thistle. Clt. 1820. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 53 C. Jamaca‘ru (D. C. prod. 3. p. 467.) plant erect; branches 3-4-angled; prickles in fascicles, straight ; flowers cylindrical, with an erect limb ; genitals inclosed. h. D. S. Native of Brazil. Jamacàru, Pison, hist. nat. bras. p. 100. f. 1. Trunk triangular, beset with spines. Flowers white, scentless. Fruit red, size of a goose’s egg. Perhaps Jamacàru quárta species Marcgr. hist. nat. bras. p. 127. f. 3. is the same or a distinct species. Jamacaru Torch-thistle. Shrub. 54 C. va'tıpus (Haw. in phil. mag. sept. 1831. p. 418.) plant tetragonal, firm, glaucous at the apex, with the sides nearly flat, or rather convex at first, with the angles very blunt and spiny in the middle. h. D. S. Native of South America. Spines brownish. Strong Torch-thistle. Shrub. § 2. Serpentini (from serpo, to creep; stems creeping and rooting). D. C. prod. 3. p. 467. Stems jointed, prostrate, root- ing or twining. * Stems with many angles. 55 C. serpentinus (Lag. anal. sc. nat. 1801. p. 261.) plant creeping, flexuous, and somewhat climbing, with 11-12 very blunt angles ; bristles in fascicles, much longer than the wool from which they issue, but which at length falls off; floral tube very bristly at the base. Ļ. D.S. Native of South America. Willd. enum. suppl. 31. Link, et Otto, abbild. t. 91. D. C. diss. t. 12. Flowers large, beautiful; lobes bluntish; outer ones greenish : middle ones purplish : inner ones white. Stigmas 7. This plant appears to hold a kind of middle station between the erect and creeping species of the genus, and rarely throws out roots from its stems. Bristles 7-8 lines long, purplish, also crowded at the base of the floral tube. Serpentine Torch-thistle. Clt.? Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 56 C. runica'rus (Lehm. ind. sem. hort. hamb. 1827. p. 16.) plant erectish, articulately branched ; joints attenuated at the base, tubercular ; tubercles impressed at the apex, woolly and bearing spines ; spines coated by a somewhat diaphanous, move- able membrane. h. D. S. Native of Brazil. Joints terete when young, 14 inch long, furnished with fleshy, subulate leaves, which become at length deciduous. Coated-spined Torch-thistle. Clt.? Shrub 4 to 1 foot. 57 C. ampicuus (Bonpl. nav. t. 36. under Cáctus) plant erect, with 9-12 blunt angles; bristles spinescent, longer than the wool from which they issue ; floral tube bearing bristles at the base. kh. D. S. Native country unknown. Flowers very like those of C. serpentinus, of which it is probably only a variety, differing only in the stem being more erect, and in the bristles being shorter. Ambiguous Yorch-thistle. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 58 C. FLAGELLIFÓRMIS (Mill. dict. ed. 8. no. 12. Haw. syn. 158.) stems prostrate, with about 10 angles: tubercles crowded, bearing bristles; style rather shorter than the petals. h . D. S. Native of South America, and is now to be found in the Arabian deserts, but has been probably introduced there. Cactus flagelli- formis, Lin. spec. 688. Curt. bot. mag. t. 17. D. C. pl. grass. 127. This species is very common in gardens, and has trailing stems, unless supported, which are therefore easily trained to any kind of trellissing. The flowers are so beautiful, and are pro- duced in such profusion, that the plant is worth being conveyed flagelliformis. 168 _ CACTEE. into the house whilst in flower, to adorn any of the rooms: they are red or pink. Flagelliform Torch-thistle or Creeping Cereus. Clt. 1690. Pl. trailing. 59 C. e’propnis (D. C. mem. cact. in mem. mus. 17. p. 117.) plant creeping a little, cylindrical, with 7-8 very blunt, rather repand ribs; areole velvety, but convex in the adult state ; prickles 12-13 in each fascicle, stiffish, yellow, radiating, having the 2 or 3 central ones erectish. h.D.S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 32. Habit of C. flagelliférmis, but 3 times slenderer. Slender Torch-thistle or Creeping Cereus. Clt. 1830. Pl. pr. 60 C. Humsétpru (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 66. under Cáctus) stems procumbent, with 10 or 12 ribs, glabrous ; angles tubercled; tubercles bearing stiff bristles; style much exceeding the corolla. h.D.S. Native about Quito, in fields between Sondorillo and San Felipe. Said to be very like C. Flowers red. Humboldi’s Torch-thistle or Creeping Cereus. Shrub pr. 61 C. 1cosicdnus (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) stems procumbent, simple, usually with 20 angles; angles bearing fascicles of bristles : style length of petals, 8-cleft at the apex. h.D.S. Native of Quito, in dry places near Nabon. According to the authors, this plant is sufficiently distinct from the foregoing. Flowers white. ; Twenty-angled Torch-thistle. Shrub proc. 62 C. serium (H. B. et Kunth, l. c.) stem erect, with 11 angles ; angles bearing fascicles of prickles ; stamens and style about equal in length, but exceeding the corolla a little ; stigma 8-parted. h. D. S. Native of Quito, in sandy places, near Riombamba, at the foot of Mount Chimborazo, where it is called Pitahaya by the natives. According to the authors this species is sufficiently distinct from C. Humbéldtii. Flowers rose-co- loured. Fruit red. Hedge Torch-thistle. Shrub 6 feet. 63 C. Carive’nsis (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) stems in fascicles, elongated, creeping, branched, somewhat tetragonal; angles tubercled ; each tubercle bearing a fascicle of stellate bristles. h. D. S. Native of New Andalusia, near Caripe, growing on rotten wood. Very like C. flagelliformis in habit, but both the flowers and fruit are unknown, and therefore the place which it should occupy in this genus is doubtful. Caripe ‘Yorch-thistle. Shrub creeping. Fl. Mar. Ju. * * Stems with 5 or 6 angles. 64 C. Granpirtorus (Mill, dict. ed. 8. no. 11. Haw. syn. 184.) stems rooting, diffuse, climbing, 5-6-angled; bristles 5-8 in each fascicle, hardly longer than the down from which they proceed. ).D.S. Native of the West India Islands, and in many parts of the main land of South America. Cactus gran- diflorus, Lin. spec. p. 668. D.C. pl. grass. t. 52. Andr. bot. rep. t. 508.—Mill. fig. t. 90.—Trew. ehret. t. 31, 32.—Volk. hesp. 1. t. 234. This species, when of sufficient strength, will produce many exceeding large, beautiful, sweet-scented flowers, like those of most of the species of very short duration, hardly continuing 6 hours full blown, nor do the flowers ever open again when once closed. They begin to open between 7 and 8 o'clock, in the evening, are fully blown by 11 o’clock, and by 3 or 4 o'clock in the morning they fade, and hang down quite decayed; but during their short continuance there is hardly any flower of greater beauty, or that makes a more magnificent appearance; for the calyx of the flower, when open, is near a foot in diameter, the inside of which being of a splendid yellow colour, appears like the rays of a bright star, the outside is of a dark brown; the petals being of a pure white add to the lustre; the vast number of recurved stamens in the centre of the flower, make a fine appearance: add to all IV. Cereus. this, the fine scent, which perfumes the air to a considerable distance; there is scarcely any plant which deserves a place in the hot-house so much as this, especially as it may be trained against the wall, where it will not take up any room. The flowers make a most magnificent appearance by candle-light, sometimes there may be 6 or 8 flowers open upon one plant at the same time; and there will be a succession of them for several nights together, provided the plant is large and healthy. Great-flowered Torch-thistle or Night-flowering Cereus. Fl. June, Aug. Clt.1700. Shrub cl. 65 C. srrnuzosus (D. C. mem. cact. in mem. mus, 17. p. 117.) plant a little branched, creeping, and climbing somewhat, nearly terete, with 5-6 hardly exserted, acutish ribs, and with broad, bluntish furrows ; areolæ, when young, velvety ; prickles 8 in each fascicle, very short, stiff, when young yellowish, but after- wards becoming brownish, the lateral ones radiating. R. D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 27. Habit of the stems like those of C. grandiflòrus, but the prickles are very different. Spinulose Torch-thistle. Shrub cl. 66 C. renraconus (Lin. hort. cliff. p. 182.) plant erect, jointed, slender, pale green, 5-angled; ribs repand ; prickles naked at the base, nearly equal, slender, straw-coloured, with 5-6 radiating ones in each fascicle, and 1 central one. R. D.S. Native of South America. Cactus pentagonus, Lin. spec. 666, Haw. syn. 180. rev. 77. Salm-Dyck. in litt. C. prismaticus and C. réptans, Willd. enum. suppl. 32. This is a very poly- morphous species, varying with 3-4-5 angles, sometimes much compressed, and sometimes the angles are nearly obliterated. The plant never throws out lateral roots. Flowers large, white. Pentagonal-stemmed Torch-thistle. Fl. July. Clt. 1769. Shrub 3 feet. 67 C. Ravicans (D. C. prod. 3. p. 468.) plant prostrate, jointed, pale green, with 3-5 angles; prickles stiff, slender, ru- fous, naked at the base, with 6-9 radiating ones in each fascicle, and 1 central one, which is rather elongated. k. D. S. Na- tive of South America. Cactus réptans, Salm-Dyck. in litt. not Willd. It differs from C. pentagonus in the stems being pros: trate and rooting, not erect. Rooting Torch-thistle. Shrub creeping. EA 68 C. uvu‘miits (D. C. prod. 3. p. 468.) plant jointed, divari- cate, rooting, green, with 4 or 5 angles; ribs much comptem and repand ; fascicles of prickles crowded ; prickles about equa in length to the white tomentum from which they arise: 8-10 radiating white bristle-formed ones in each fascicle and 3 stiffish straw-coloured, central ones. h.D. S. Native country an flowers unknown. C. gràcilis, Salm-Dyck. in litt. but not 0 Haw. Plant humble, with the joints a little elongated and di- varicating, deeply furrowed. Humble Torch-thistle. Shrub. 69 C. arsiseròsus (Haw. rev. 77.) plant creeping, gte™ with 5 angles ; prickles bristle-formed, white, stellately expan R shorter than the rufous wool from which they arise. k. 1" Native of St. Domingo. The rest unknown. White-bristled Torch-thistle. Clt. 1816. **# Stems with 3-4 angles. 70 C. quaprancuna'ris (Haw. syn. p. 181.) plant creeping 3-4-angled ; angles hardly channelled ; spines 5-7 in each fas- cicle, hardly stellate. hk. D. S. Native of the West Indies. —Plum. ed. Burm. t. 199. f. 1. Flowers white, opening at night, beautiful, and sweet-scented. i Quadrangular Torch-thistle. Clt. 1809. Shrub creeping. 71 C. rripreris (Salm-Dyck. in litt. ex D.C. prod. 3. P- ies plant jointed, erectish, rooting, green, 3-4-angled ; ribs me compressed, rather repand; fascicles of spines crowded, ™! 8 radiating ones in each fascicle, and 3 stiffish central bs hk. D. S. Native country unknown. It differs from C. grae iiy Shrub creeping: CACTEZ., to which it is nearly allied, in the stems being for the most part 3-angled, rarely 4-angled, and never 5-angled, in being more erect, and in the joints being longer and broader, as if they were winged, and also in the prickles being longer. Three-mwinged Torch-thistle. Clt.? Shrub. 72 C. speciosissimus (Desf. mem. mus. 3. p. 190. t. 9. under Cactus) plant erect, 3-4-angled ; angles toothed ; prickles subu- late, straight, rising from white tomentum ; limb of flower ex- panded ; genitals declinate. h. D. S. Native of Mexico. Cactus specidsus, Cav. hort. madr. Willd. enum. suppl. p. 31. Colla, hort. rip. t. 10. but not of Bonpl. Cactus speciosissimns, Ker. bot. reg. 486. herb. amat. t. 391. Flowers large, of a beautiful scarlet colour, somewhat violaceous inside. Genitals white. This is a most splendid plant when in flower, and is now very common in the gardens. Var. B, bifrons (Haw. suppl. p. 76.) plant dwarfer, more de- cumbent, and throwing out more roots. Very showy Torch-thistle. Fl. July, Aug. 3 to 6 feet. 73 C. rrtancua‘ris (Haw. syn. p. 180.) plant creeping, tri- gonal; prickles short, 4 ina fascicle, somewhat decussate. h. D. S. Native of Mexico. Cactus triangularis, Lin. spec. 666. Lam. dict. 1. p. 541. Sims, bot. mag. 1884. Cactus triangu- laris aphyllus, Jacq. amer. p. 152.—Plum. ed. Burm. t. 200. f. 1. —Bradl. succ. pl. 3. without a flower. Flowers greenish on the outside, and white inside, larger than any of the species. Fruit naked, scarlet, size and form of a goose’s egg. Var. B, major (D. C. prod. 8. p. 468.). Native of St. Helena. Var. y, pictus (D.C. 1. c.) variegated with yellow. Triangular Torch-thistle. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1690. Sh. l to 2 feet. 74 C. unpa‘tus (Haw. in phil. mag. nov. 1829. p. 109.) plant large, climbing, triangularly furrowed ; joints large, rather lobu- lately crenated, sometimes like a chain. h. D. S. Native of China. Very like C. triangularis, but much larger; and the branches are greener and more radicant. Fascicles of spines small. Waved Torch-thistle. Clt. 1828. Shrub cl. 75 C. sr’ricEr (Haw. in phil. mag. nov. 1829. p. 108.) plant erectish ; branches few, quadrangular ; fascicles containing about 20 spines each, 3 or 4 of which are linear, radiating, and nearly equal, pale. bh. D. S. Native of Brazil. The habit of the plant is referrible to Stapélia astérias, but taller and the angles more concave; wool at base of spines short. Bristle- bearing Torch-thistle. Clt. 1828. Shrub. ` i 76 C. trievereR (Haw. syn. 181.) plant jointed, erectish, rooting, green, triangular; angles repand, with the fascicles of prickles remote; prickles rising from fuscous tomentum, ray ones setaceous and deciduous, central 3-4, stiff, short, and ful- vous. h.D.S.. Native of South America. C. prismaticus, Desf. hort. par. Prickles dirty yellow, 2-3 lines long, rising from short tomentum. Stem 5-6 feet high, branched. Flowers unknown. : Triquetrous-stemmed Torch-thistle. eet. 77 C. renvisrinus (Haw. in phil. mag. feb. 1827. p. 125.) plant weak, branched, somewhat articulated, climbing and root- ing; branches very slender and triangular ; bristles very slender, bent, wool-formed. hk. D. S. Native country unknown, but probably in some part of South America. Bristles in crowded interwoven fascicles along the angles of the stems, which they hide. Perhaps the same as C. Myosiisus. Slender-spined Torch-thistle. Clt. 1826. Shrub 1 foot. 78 C. rricdxus (Haw. syn. 181.) plant creeping, triquetrous ; angles hardly channelled; prickles 5-7 in a fascicle, stellate. h.D.S. Native of the West India Islands. Cactus triqueter VOL, III. Cit. 1816. Sh. Clt. 1794. Shrub 5 to 169 B, Haw. misc. nat. 199.— Plum. ed. Burm. t. 200. f. 2. Các- tus triangulàris foliòsus, Jacq. amer. 152. ex Lam. dict. 1. p- 541. Flowers white (ex Plum.) and the fruit of a violaceous scarlet colour ; but the fruit, according to Jacquin, is of a shin- ing scarlet colour; there are therefore probably two species confused under this name. Trigonal-stamened Torch-thistle. Clt. 1809. Shrub cl. 79 C.prisma’ticus (Salm-Dyck. in litt. but not of Willd. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 469.) plant articulated, erectish, rooting, green, triangular ; ribs repand; fascicles of prickles crowded ; prickles nearly equal, fulvous, rising from fuscous tomentum, 7 radiating ones and 2 or 3 central ones in each fascicle. h. D.S. Native country unknown, Plant slenderer and more humble than C. triqueter ; prickles smaller and more numerous; and the fas- cicles are more crowded. Prismatic Torch-thistle. Clt. 1818. Shrub er. 80 C. coccineus (Salm-Dyck. in litt. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 469.) plant with long joints, rooting, deep green, triangular ; ribs compressed, repand ; prickles rising from yellow tomentum, radiating ones few, pilose, white, and 4 rather recurved, stiff, ful- vous, central ones in each fascicle. h. D. S. Native of Brazil, among rocks on the mountains. Flowers said to be numerous, large, and scarlet. Scarlet-flowered Torch-thistle. Clt.? Shrub er. 81 C. exre’nsus (Salm-Dyck. in litt. ex D. C. 1. c.) plant with long joints, rooting, green, triangular ; ribs repand; prickles rising from fulvous tomentum; radiating ones pilose, whitish, 10-12 in each fascicle, and 2-4 small, stiff, yellowish, central ones. hk. D. S. Native country unknown. Perhaps only a variety of the preceding, but less spinose. Joints much ex- tended, and while young margined with red; and with the prickles and hairs rose-coloured. s Extended Torch-thistle. Clt.? Shrub er. 82 C. sauamuxosus (Salm-Dyck. in litt. ex D. C. 1. c.) plant erect, jointed, rooting a little, green, triangular ; ribs much com- pressed, repandly crenated, furnished with an ovate acute scale, and numerous white hairs in the crenatures. h. D. S. Native of Brazil. This is a very singular plant, with the sides of the joints 2 inches broad, and 4-toothed at the angles, and for the most part margined with red; teeth as in Stapèlia, fur- nished each with a marcescent scale or leaf. Flowers small, solitary, when dried permanent, yellow ; petals 6-8, acute. Style filiform, 8-cleft at the apex. Fruit unknown. Scaly Torch-thistle. Clt.? Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 83 Č. sera`ceus (Salm-Dyck. in litt. ex D. C. 1. c.) plant jointed, erect, rooting a little, deep green, triangular ; ribs rather compressed, somewhat repand ; hairs: rising from white tomen- tum, with 7-9 radiating ones in each fascicle, and in the middle of each fascicle is a central soft prickle. h. D. S. Native of Brazil. Bristly Torch-thistle. Clt.? Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 84 C. myosurus (Salm-Dyck. in litt. ex D. C. 1. c.) plant rather articulated, erect, rooting a little, slender, margined with red, 3-4-angled; ribs crenulated, furnished with pencil-like fascicles of white hairs at the crenatures. h. D.S. Native of Brazil. Sides of stem hardly 3 lines broad. Pili long, erect, especially on the young branches. The rest unknown. Mouse-tail Torch-thistle. Shrub. : 85 C. tenuis (D. C. prod. 3. p. 469.) plant low, climbing, acutely trigonal, with some roots issuing from the sides; hairs in fascicles along the angles, elongated, soft and adpres- sed; flowers sessile, usually with 5 sepals and 5 petals. h. D. S. Native of Brazil. Cactus tenuis, Schott. ined. Flowers small, rose-coloured, hardly open, rising from among the fascicles of hairs; tube very short. Slender Torch-thistle. Clt? Shrub. Z IV. Cereus. 170 CACTEE. § 3. Opuntidcei (plants having the habit of Opúntia). D. C. prod. 3. p. 470. Stems composed of globose joints, horrific from diverging prickles. Flowers tubular. Style much exserted, multifid at the apex. Perhaps a proper genus, intermediate between Céreus and Opiintia ? 86 C. monizirórmIs (Lin. spec. 668. under Céctus) plant dif- fusely procumbent, much branched ; joints globose; prickles strong, diverging. h.D.S. Nativeof St. Domingo. Plum. ed. Burm. t. 198. Cactus moniliformis, Lam. dict. 1. p. 541. Flowers and fruit red; floral tube elongated, as in Céreus ; limb short, spreading. Style much exserted. Stigmas 8-10, spreading, Necklace-formed Torch-thistle. Shrub procumbent. 87 C. se’rrens (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 68. under Céctus) plant creeping, branched, rather angular; areole 6-angled, prickly at the apex; flowers tubular. h. D.S. Na- tive of Quito, on dry hills on the banks of the river Guanca- bamba, near Sondorillo. Flowers flesh-coloured ; petals 8-12, acute ; stigmas 8, approximate. Perhaps a species of Opúntia. Creeping Torch-thistle. Shrub cr. 88 C. wa'nus (H. B. et Kunth, l. c. under Cáctus) plant creeping and jointed; joints terete, rather compressed, areolate, prickly, a little branched. X4. D. S. Native of Quito, near Sondorillo, on the banks of the Guancabamba. The rest un- known. Dwarf Torch-thistle. Shrub proc. 2 to 3 inches. 89 C. cra‘citis (Haw. in phil. mag. feb. 1827. p. 126.) plant erectish, nearly terete; old spines solitary, straight, an inch long, but at first twin or more, white. h. D.S. Native of South America. Plant with the habit of Euphorbia hystrix, but less spiny and the spines shorter. It appears to be more nearly allied to C. ndnus than to any other species. Weak Torch-thistle. Clt.? Shrub. t The following species are in the gardens, but nothing is known of them but the names. 1 C. rosàceus, Hort. berol. 2 C. Déppü, Hort. berol. 3 C. incrustàtus, Hort. berol. 4 C. exérens, Hort. berol. 5 C. affinis, Hort. berol. 6 C. proteiformis, Hort. par. 7 C. Col- villi, Sweet. 8 C. ovatus, Gill. (under Céctus). 9 C. po- lymérphus, Gill. (under Cáctus). Cult. The same kind of soil recommended for Mammillària, p- 160. will answer the species of this genus; and they are easily propagated by cuttings, which if left to lie a few days after being separated from the mother plant, strike root readily. In order to have several species on one tree, insert them in a plant of Peréskia. V. EPIPHY' LLUM (from em, epi, upon, and ġvàdov, phyllon, a leaf: flowers rising from the flat branches, which appear like leaves). Herm. par. bat. add. (ex Dill.). Haw. 197. phil. mag. aug. 1829. p. 108.—Phyllárthus, 1. p. 85. Cèreus, § 3. Alata, species of Lin. and others. Lin. syst. Icosdndria, Monogynia. Tube of corolla very long, middle-sized, or very short, furnished with remote, un- armed scales, rising from the crenatures of the branches, among small innocuous spines. Limb of corolla fugaceous, deeply multifid, and as if it were polypetalous, rosaceous or more or less of a ringent form. Branched, slender, hardly climbing subshrubs, natives of South America, growing among rocks or on the trunks of old trees; branches much compressed, 2- edged, thin but fleshy, lobately crenated, green, smooth ; with a slender, woody, central axis. Flowers solitary, usually large and showy, white, rose-coloured, or scarlet, rarely sweet-scented. syn. succ. p. Neck. elem. D. C. prod. 3. p. 469. CActus IV. Cereus. V. Epirnyiium. The branches towards the roots are rather angular. The rest as in Cèreus, of which perhaps it is merely a section. Secr. I. Nocru’rna (from nocturnus, nightly, or in the night; in reference to the time at which the flowers expand). Haw. in phil. mag. aug. 1829. p. 107. Corollas fugaceous, sweet-scented, white, expanding alone at night; tube very long. 1 E. puyzra'ntuus (Haw. syn. 197.) corolla small, much shorter than the tube, which is nearly a foot in length ; stigmas 10. kh.D.S. Native of South America, in Brazil, Guiana, Surinam, Guadaloupe, &c. Cactus phyllanthus, Lin. spec. 670. D. C. pl. grass. t. 145. Opúntia phyllanthus, Mill. dict. no. 9. Céreus phyllanthus, D. C. prod. 3. p. 469.—Dill. elth. t. 64. f. 74. Flowers white, 9-12 inches long, expanding at night, sweet-scented. Leaf-flonering Epiphyllum. Fl. Ju. Clt. 1810. Sh. 1 to 3 ft. 2 E. Hooxe'‘rt (Haw. 1. c.) corolla middle-sized, much shorter than the tube, which is about half a foot long; stigmas usually 13. k.D. S. Native of South America. Flowers white, sweet-scented. Cactus phyllanthus, Hook. bot. mag. 2692. Flowers white, sweet-scented. Hooker's Epiphyllum. Fl. June, July. Clt.? Sh. 2 feet. Secr. II. Div’rwa (from diurnus, belonging to the day-time; in allusion to the time of the blossoms expanding). Haw. in phil. mag. aug. 1829. Corollas scentless, open day and night; tube middle-sized or very short. 3 E. puytiantuoipes (Haw. l. c.) corolla large, rosaceous; tube middle-sized, shorter than the oblong-lanceolate petals; stigmas 7. b. D. S. Native of Mexico. Cáctus phyllán- thoìdes, D. C. cat. hort. monsp. 1813. p. 84. Sims, bot. mag. 2092. D.C. prod. 3. p. 469. Cactus specidsus, Ker. bot. reg. 804. Bonpl. nav. t. 3. Epiphyll. speciòsum, Haw. suppl. P 84. Cactus élegans, Link, enum. 2. p. 25. Cactus alatus, Willd. enum. suppl. 35.—Hern. mex. 292. f. 3. and t. 457.— Pluk. phyt. t. 247. f. 5. Flowers pale rose-coloured, 4 inches long, scentless. Branches flat, without any spines in the notches except when young. Phyllanthus-like or Common Clt. 1810. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. ; 4 E. VANDE'sI (Hortul.) branches flat or triquetrous, with no spines in the notches, except when young, when there are 4 few small ones at the base ; branches rather convex. D. S. A hybrid raised in the garden of the Count de Vandes at Bayswater, from the seed of Æ. phyllanthoides, impregnat by the pollen of Cèreus speciosissimus. The flowers are large, and of a deep red colour, and, upon the whole, it may be consi- dered the most splendid of the genus. Count De Vandes' Epiphyllum, or Hybrid Cactus. Fl. June, July. Hybrid shrub. 5 E. Jenxtnsonm; branches round or triquetrous at the base, but always flat at the apex, with the notches more prominent: spiny than in any other species of the genus; the branches are like- wise more convex and firm. h.D.S. A hybrid, raised s the seeds of Cèreus speciosissimus, impregnated by the pollen o Epiphýllum speciòsum. Cactus Jenkensònii, Hortul. The flowers of this hybrid are large, and of a deep scarlet-colour, a are said even to outvie in splendour those of E. Vandèsii. ket are several other hybrids now in various gardens, raised fromt fj Same parents as the present plant, which may prove = 4 superior in splendour to any of the genus, but they have not y flowered. Jenkinson’s Epiphyllum or Hybrid Cactus. Fl. Ju. July- Hy- brid. Pl. 2 to 3 feet. the 6 E. oxyrr'raLum (Haw. 1. c.) tube of flower length of | acuminated lobes; flowers sessile ; fruit nerved longitudinal y: Epiphyllum. Fl. June, July. CACTEE. k. D.S. Native of Mexico. Cereus oxypétalus, D. C. prod. 3. p. 470. Flowers 4 inches long, reddish brown on the out- side, and white inside. Berry red, oblong, ribbed, attenuated at both ends. Branches like those of Æ. phyllanthoides. Sharp-petalled Epiphyllum. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. T E. ara`rum (Haw. suppl. p. 84.) corolla small, greenish white; tube very short; berry blackish. h. D.S. Native of Jamaica, on the trunks of trees. Céreus dlatus, D. C. prod. 3. p. 470. Cactus alatus, Swartz. fl. ind. occ. 878. Link. enum. 2. p. 24. exclusive of the D. C. syn. Winged Epiphyllum. Fl. June. Clt. 1810. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 8 E. Axerma’nnt (Haw. in phil. mag. Aug. 1829. p. 108.) corolla large, rather ringent, assurgent before expansion, and acute at the apex, nearly 4 times longer than the tube; stigmas 7. h-D.S. Native of Mexico, from whence it was brought by a Mr. Akermann. Cactus Akermanni, Hortul. Flowers large, scarlet. Petals keeled, a little recurved at the apex. Branches flat, thin, seldom with any spines in the notches except when young. Akermann’s Epiphyllum. Fl. June, July. Cit. 1829. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 9 E. crispa‘tum (Haw. in phil. mag. Feb. 1830. p. 109.) branches cuneate-oblong, waved; margins appearing curled from large crenatures. h.D.S. Native of Brazil. Flowers not seen. Curled-branched Epiphyllum. Clt. 1829. Shrub 1 to 2 ft. 10 E. rrunca‘rum (Haw. suppl. p. 85. et in phil. mag. vol. 4. P: 188.) corolla reflexed, ringent ; tube very short; branchlets dichotomous, truncate at the apex. h.D.S. Native of South America. Cáctus truncatus, Link. enum. 2. p. 24. Ker, bot. reg. 696. Sims, bot. mag. 2526. Hook. exot. fl. t. 20. Lodd. bot. cab. 1207. Céreus truncatus, D. C. prod. 3. p. 470. Flowers rising from the truncate tops of the branches, red or rose-co- loured, hardly 3 inches long, oblique ; stamens white, ascending ; stigmas 7, closely conniving. Joints of stem compressed. This species appears to be an intermediate plant joining Lpiphyllum with Opuntia. It is a very elegant plant when in blossom. i Truncate Epiphyllum. FI. July, Sept. Clt. 1818.. Shrub Oot. _ Cult. The species of Epiphillum are extremely showy when in flower. Their culture and propagation are the same as that recommended for the last genus. They are known at first from all the other genera of this order by their flat elongated branches. : VI. OPU’NTIA (some species grows plentiful near Opus, a city of Locris). Tourn. inst. 239. t. 122. Mill. dict. Haw. syn. 187. D. C. prod. 3. p. 471.—Tina, Dill. hort. elth. f. 379. and 383.—Cactus Opantia, Willd. enum. suppl. p. 33. D. C. cat. hort, monsp. Link, enum. 2. p. 23." Lin. syst. Icosdéndria, Monogynia. Sepals numerous, leaf- formed, adnate to the ovarium : upper ones flat and short : inner ones petal-formed, obovate, rosaceous, expanded : without any tube above the ovarium. Stamens numerous, shorter than the petals. Style cylindrical, constricted at the base; stigmas many, thick, erect. Berry ovate, umbilicate at the apex, tubercled, and usually bearing spines. Embryo rather spiral, nearly terete. Cotyledons semi-terete (ex Geertn. fruct. 2. t. 138.), after germi- nation becoming foliaceous, and flat, but thickish. (see Dill. elth. f 381.) Plumule small.—Shrubs, with the trunk at length be- coming terete, but having the young branches very rarely cylin- drical, but usually more or less compressed, and jointed ; joints ovate or oblong, bearing fascicles of spines or bristles, which are disposed in a quincuncial or spiral order. Leaves nearly the form of those of some species of Sedum, but fall off very soon, one under each fascicle of spines or bristles on the branches when young. Flowers rising from the fascicles of spines or V. Epteuytium. VI. Opuntia. 171 bristles, or from the edges of the joints, either yellow or reddish. Stamens rather irritable to the touch. Secr. I. Cytiypra‘cem (from cylindraceus, like a roller; in allusion to the cylindrical branches). D. C. prod. 3. p. 471. Stems cylindrical, neither jointed, nor furrowed, but bearing areo- late convex tubercles, and fascicles of prickles. The species of this section are not sufficiently known, or probably they would have constituted an intermediate genus between Céreus and Optntia. 1 O. rosea (D. C. diss. t. 15.) plant erect, rose-coloured ; stems and branches tubercular; tubercles oblong, depressed, disposed in spiral series, bearing each at the apex a caducous leaf, and a fascicle of straight white prickles; flowers nearly ro- tate, usually by fours at the tops of the branches. h. D. S. Native of Mexico. Cactus subquadriflorus, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. This is an anomalous species, as from the stems it agrees with Céreus tuberculdsus, and from the rotate flowers it agrees with Optntia. Flowers flesh-coloured. Fruit white. Leaves terete, acute, soon falling off. Rose-coloured Indian-fig. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 2 O. cytrnprica (D. C. prod. 3. p. 471.) plant erect; stem and branches tubercular, areolate ; tubercles rhomboid, bearing each a caducous leaf, and a few white prickles. h.D.S. Na- tive of Peru. Flowers unknown. Cactus cylindricus, Lam. dict. 1. p. 539. but not of Ort. Céreus cylindricus, Haw. syn. 183. Cylindrical-branched Indian-fig. Clt.1799. Sh. 2 to 3 feet. 3 O.1mprica‘ra (D.C. prod. 3. p. 471.) plant erect, terete, not furrowed, but superficially ribbed, and rather lobe-formed, somewhat imbricately tesselated in various ways. h. D. S. Native country and flowers unknown. Céreus imbricatus, Haw. rev. 70. Allied to O. cylindrica, but more robust according to Haworth, but according to the Prince de Salm-Dyck it is slen- derer. Imbricate-tesseled Indian-fig. Clt. 1820. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 4 O. stare LIæ (D. C. mem. cact. in mem. mus. 17. p. 117.) plant branched, irregularly tufted, deep green; joints ovate or oblong; areolz small, tomentose in the axils of the tubercles ; prickles 5-6 in a fascicle, stiff, straw-coloured, setaceous, when old the epidermis or coat separates from them. h.D.S. Na- tive of Mexico. Coulter, no. 38. Stem hardly an inch high, Habit almost of Stapélia cespitdsa, but which is without prickles. Stapelia-like Indian-fig. Clt. 1830. Shrub 1 to 2 inches. 5 O. exuvia‘ra (D. C. l. c. p. 118.) plant branched, erect, nearly terete; branches furnished with compressed tubercles, and irregular crests, so as to make them nearly pentagonal ; areole orbicular, velvety at the axils of the tubercles; prickles 6-12 in a fascicle, stiff, straight, when old the epidermis sepa- rates from them. h.D.S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 18. Cactus tunicdtus, Hort. berol. ex Salm-Dyck. Trunk a foot high, and 18 inches thick. Var. 3, angústior (D. C. 1. ¢.) trunk slenderer; prickles fewer; areole narrower. Coulter, no. 17. Var. y, spinosior (D. C. 1. c.) stem dwarf; prickles longer and more numerous, and more spine-like. Stripped Indian-fig. Clt. 1830. Shrub 1 foot. 6 O. peci riens (D.C. l. c.) plant erect, ei ro branches cylindrical, attenuated at the base; tuberè : spirally disposed; areolæ small; prickles of two forms, the lower one large and spreadingly deflexed : the rest, 3-4 in num- ber, bristle-formed and radiating. h. D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 20. Leaves small, ovate-oblong, deciduous. Large prickle an inch long, whenold the epidermis separates from it. The rest 1-2 lines long. Compare it with O. cylindrica. z2 172 Deceiving Indian-fig. Clt. 1830. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 7 O. Kierniz (D. C. 1. c.) plant erect, branched, greyish green; branches erect, cylindrical, without tubercles; fascicles disposed in a spiral manner to the left; areola velvety ; prickles of two forms, with numerous bristle-formed whitish brown ones in each fascicle, and one large spreadingly deflexed slender white one at the lower side of the fascicle. h.D.S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 21. Stem more than a finger in thick- ness, like the stem of Cacdlia Kleinie. Leaves small, oblong, deciduous. Large prickle an inch long. Kleinia-like Indian-fig. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 8 O. rerrTocav'ins (D.C. 1. c.) plant erect, branched; branches cylindrical, erect, without tubercles ; fascicles disposed in spiral lines to the left; areolz rather tomentose ; prickles of two forms, the 3 lower ones in each fascicle setaceous, blackish, spread- ingly deflexed, the rest bristly, crowded, and rufescent. h. D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 22. Stem the thickness of the small finger. Referrible to the preceding species. Slender-stemmed Indian-fig. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 9 O. revco’rricna (D. C. 1. c. p. 119.) joints oblong, erect, when young velvety; areola when young convex, velvety ; prickles of two forms, 2 or 3 of which in each fascicle are very long, setaceous, unarmed, white, and spreading, and 4-5 very small, bristle-like, straight, yellow ones. h. D. S. Native of Mexico. Coulter, no. 2. Larger prickles 10-12 lines long. Intervals between the fascicles of bristles distant. White-haired Indian-fig. Shrub. 10 O. Orrdnis (Link et Otto, pl. rar. hort. berol. t. 16.) stem nearly cylindrical, with 12 bluntish ribs; the 3-4 middle spines in each fascicle are erectish, slender, brownish, longer than the rest, which are 10-14 in number, very slender, and spreading; petals acute, rather serrulated, cuspidate. h.D.S. Native of Brazil. Otto’s Indian-fig. Shrub. 11 O. putvina’ra (D.C. 1. c.) joints oval, erect, velvety ; areolz convex, pulvinate, the whole occupied by innumerable, straight, crowded, yellow, fragile bristles, without any true prickles intermixed. h.D.S. Native of Mexico. Coulter. A very distinct species. O., macrodasys, Lehm. hort. hamb. ex Salm-Dyck in litt. Pulvinate Indian-fig. Secr. II. Drivarica‘tz (from divaricatus, divaricated ; branches). Haw. syn. 195. Stems humble; branches diverg- ing ; joints linear-lanceolate, thick, nearly terete. Prickles strong, in fascicles. 12 O. toneisrina (Link et Otto, hort. berol. Haw. in phil. mag. Feb. 1830. p. 109.) joints compressedly terete: spines pur- plish, some of them small and fulvous, and a slender terete one (which is when full grown 3 inches long) in each fascicle. R. D.S. Native of Brazil. Long-spined Indian-fig. Clt. 1829. Shrub. 13 O. cLomera ra (Haw. in phil. mag. Feb. 1830. p. 110.) branches disposed in crowded tufts; central spines solitary in each tuft, linear, acuminated, flat on both sides, very long. Rh. D.S. Native of Brazil. Branches thick, teretely lanceolate, greenish, hardly half an inch broad. Glomerate-branched Indian-fig. Clt. 1829. Shrub. 14 O. roròsa (Salm-Dyck in litt. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 471.) joints compressed, branched, pale green, when young leafy, when old prickly ; prickles 1-2, elongated, pale straw-coloured, rising from yellowish tomentum. kh. D. S. Native of South Ame- rica. O. pusilla, Haw. syn. 195. but not of Salm-Dyck. Các- tus folidsus, Willd. enum. suppl. 32. Flowers almost like those of O. vulgaris. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals 8-10, yellow. Stigmas 8-4, white, CACTES. Shrub. VI. Opuntia. Leafy \ndian-fig. Fi. June. Clt. 1805. Shrub 4 to 1 foot, 15 O. Curassa’vica (Mill. dict. no. 7. Haw. syn. 196.) plant erect ; joints brittle, cylindrically ventricose, compressed, very much divaricated, deep green; prickles 1-4 in each fascicle, whitish. b. D. S. Native of Curassoa. Bradl. succ. t. 4, Cactus Curassavicus, Lin, spec. 670. Flowers yellow, an inch and a half in diameter. Stigmas 3-5. Var. B, lénga (Haw. rev. p. 71.) branches more firm, and twice the length of those of the species. h. D.S. Native of Brazil. Perhaps a proper species. There are several other varieties mentioned by Haworth, but they appear to have sprung more from the state of the plants, and the manner of culture. Curassoa Indian-fig. Fl. June, July. Clit. 1690. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 16 O. rra‘erus (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 296. under Céctus,) joints short, oblong, nearly terete, fragile, doubly spinose ; fruit dry and prickly. %.H. Native of North America, in sterile places about the river Missouri. Flowers smal), yellow, solitary on the tops of the branches. Truly distinct from all the rest, and will perhaps form a distinct section along with two other un- published species, which are now growing in the garden of the Prince de Salm-Dyck. Brittle Indian-fig. Clt. 1814. Shrub § to 1 foot. 17 O. pusitta (Salm-Dyck, obs. bot. 1822.:et in litt. 1827.) plant prostrate, divaricate, of a dirty-green colour ; joints cylin- drical, cucumber-formed ; fascicles of prickles crowded ; prickles setaceous, white, rising from white tomentum, 1 or 2 in each fas- cicle are more elongated than the rest. h.D. S. Native of South America. Joints rather attenuated at the apex. Small Indian-fig. Clt. 1817. Shrub prostrate. Sect. III. Graxpisrixòsæ (from grandis, great, and spinosus, full of spines; in reference to the prickles being large and nu- merous). Haw. syn. 195. Joints compressed, ovate or obovate. Prickles variable, the smaller ones setaceous, and the larger ones much longer and stronger. 18 O. Missourie’nsis (D. C. prod. 3. p. 472.) joints broad, nearly orbicular, very prickly; prickles of 2 forms, larger ones radiating and permanent; flowers numerous; fruit dry an prickly. h. H. Native of North America, in arid places about the Missouri, plentiful. Cactus férox, Nutt. gen. amer. l. P- 296. but not of Willd. O. polyacdntha, Haw. rev. p. 82. Larger than O. vulgaris. Flowers pale yellow or sulphur-co- loured. Stigmas 8-10, greenish. Prickles white. Missouri Indian-fig. Fl. June, July. Clt.1814. Sh. 1 ft. 19 O. re‘rox (Haw. suppl. p. 82.) joints oblong, elongated ; prickles strong and setaceous, numerous, whitish, in fascicles, longer than the wool from which they issue, one of which in eat fascicle is longer than the rest. h. D.S. Native of South America. Cactus férox, Willd. enum. suppl. p. 35. but not of Nutt. The rest unknown. Fierce Indian-fig. Clt. 1817. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. ee 20 O. spinosi’ssima (Mill. dict. ed. 8. Haw. syn. 193.) joints oblong; prickles yellowish, setaceous, and subulate, very nu- merous, in fascicles, longer than the wool from which they issue h. D.S. Native of Jamaica. Cactus spinosissimus, Lam. dict. 1. p. 537. Flowers yellow. Very-spiny Indian-fig. FI. July. Clt. 1732. Sh. 6 to 10 feet, 21 O. Ho rRIDA (Salm-Dyck in litt. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 472.) plant erect; joints cuneately obovate, repand, tubercled ; fas- cicles of prickles remote; prickles of various forms, yellow, painted with brown, rising from setaceous yellow tomentum, One in each fascicle longer than the rest, about 2 inches in lengt®. hk. D. S. Native of South America. O. himilis, Haw. sy? 189. Cáctus himilis, Haw. misc. 187. but the name is deceit- ful, the plant growing to aconsiderable height. Flowers yellow. CACTEZ. VI. Opuntia. Perhaps Cactus himilis, Lag. nov. spec. is different from this. The plant often occurs in the gardens under the name of O. Tiina. Horrid \ndian-fig. Fl. July. Clt.1795. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 22 O. Diren (Haw. suppl. p.79.) plant erect; joints roundish-obovate, undulated, glaucous; prickles strong, divari- cated, yellow, but the brush-like bristles by which they are sur- rounded are much shorter. h. D. S. Native of South America. —Dill. elth. f. 382. Cactus Dillénii, Ker, bot. reg. 255. Flowers large, pale yellow. Ovarium shorter than the corolla, furnished at the summit by fascicles of bristles. Dillenius’s Indian-fig. Fl. Oct. Clt. 1810. Sh. 3 to 5 feet. 23 O. Tu'na (Mill. dict. no. 3. Haw. 1. c.) plant erect ; joints broadly ovate-oblong ; prickles subulate, long, yellow ; wool at the base of the spines short. h.D.S. Native of South Ame- rica, at Cuenca in Quito. Cactus Bonplandii, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 69.—Dill. elth. 386. t. 295. f. 386. Flowers of an orange-colour, or iron grey-colour, or dirty red. Stigmas 8-10-cleft. This kind of Indian-fig makes strong fences. When the Island of St. Christopher was to be divided between the English and the French, three rows of the Tuna were planted by common consent between the boundaries. Sloane. Sir James Smith, in his paper upon the irritability of vegetables, informs us that the long and slender stamens of the flower are very irritable; and that if a quill or feather is thrust through them, in the space of 2 or 3 seconds they begin to lie down gently on one side, and ina short time become recumbent at the bottom of the flower. According to Humboldt and Bon- pland the fine kind of cochineal is nourished by this plant. Tuna Indian-fig. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1731. Sh. 8 to 6 ft. 24 O. porya’ntHa (Haw. syn. p. 190.) plant erect; joints oblong and ovate; prickles very different in form, yellow, larger ones setaceous, erectly spreading ; flowers numerous at the tops of the branches. h.D.S. Native of South America. Các- tus Opintia polyantha, D. C. pl. grass. no. 138. with a figure. Cactus polyanthos, Sims, bot. mag t. 2691. Flowers yellow. Style full, not fistular as in the other species. Stigmas 6. Many-flonered Indian-fig. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1811. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 25 O. monaca’nrua (Willd. enum. suppl. under Céctus, Salm- Dyck in litt. ex D.C. prod. 3. p. 723.) joints obovate-oblong ; prickles solitary, subulate, strong. h.D.S. Native of South America. Cactus Opantia Tina, D.C. pl. grass. no. 187. t. 2. Joints a foot long. Flowers yellow, verging to purple beneath. One-spined Indian-fig. Clt. 1816. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 26 O. Exa‘tior (Mill. dict. no. 4. Haw. syn. 187.) plant erect ; joints broadly ovate-oblong ; prickles subulate, very long, blackish, witli the wool from which they rise nearly obsolete. h. D. S. Native of South America. Cactus Tina 6, Willd, spec. 2. p. 944.—Dill. elth. t. 294. f. 379. Flowers yellow, ys to purple. Stigma 5-cleft. Adult stem nearly terete ex Jacq. i Taller Indian-fig. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1751. Shrub 6 feet. 27 O. nycricans (Haw. syn. 189.) plant erect; joints ob- long and lanceolate; prickles very different in form, ofa black- ish brown-colour, larger ones divaricate. h. D. S. Native of South America. Cactus nigricans, Haw. 137. Cactus Tina y, nigricans, Sims, bot. mag. 1557. Cactus psetdo-coccinillifer, Bert. exe. p. 11. virid. 1824. p- 4. exclusive of the synonymes. Flowers reddish on the outside, and yellow inside. Stigmas 5, ick, greenish. Blackish Indian-fig. Fl. Aug. Clt.1795. Sh. 2 to 3 feet. 28 O. ma’xima (Mill. dict. ed. 8. no. 5.) plant erect ; Joints ovate-oblong, very thick; spines unequal. h. D. S. Native of South America. Perhaps the same as O. Amyclea. Greatest Indian-fig. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. Re: 29 O. TRIACA'NTHA (Willd. enum. suppl. under Cáctus,) joints 173 ovate-oblong; prickles whitish, usually 3 together, strong, longer than the wool from which they issue. h.D.S. Native of South America. Very nearly allied to O. polyantha ex Salm- Dyck in litt. but the joints are a little larger, and the prickles are white. . Flowers unknown. Three-spined Indian-fig. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. Secr. IV. Parvisrinésx (from parvus, small, and spinosus, full of spines ; in reference to the spines being small, equal, and numerous). D. C. prod. 3. p. 473. Prickles uniform, hair- shaped, short or nearly wanting. 30 O. pecuma‘na (Haw. rev. 71.) joints ovate-oblong ; prickles deciduous, length of the wool from which they issue. h. D. S. Native of South America. Cáctus decumànus, Willd. enum. suppl. 34. O. maxima, Mill. dict. ed. 2. no. 5. Cactus elongátus, Willd. enum. suppl. 34. There are varieties of this plant with either ovate or lanceolate-oblong joints, almost un- armed or furnished with some short white prickles. Flowers yellow. The cochineal bug thrives almost as well on this species as on the next. Huge \ndian-fig. Clt. 1768. Shrub 5 to 10 feet. 31 O. cocurinitu’FerRA (Mill. dict. ed. 8. no. 6. Haw. syn. 192.) plant erect; joints obovate, nearly unarmed; petals connivent ; stamens and style exserted. h.D.S. Native of South America. Cactus cochinillifera, Lin. spec. 670. Hook. in bot. mag. 2741. and 2742.—Dill. elth. t. 297. f. 383. Joints while young oblong, areolate, at length obovate-oblong. Flowers blood-coloured ex Dill. elth., small, spreading a little. Spines slender, blackish. The ripe fruit is said to check fluxes by its mild restringency. Flowers red. Perhaps Nopal de Castille Thierr-Menonville, voy. Guax. 2. p. 278. is the same as this plant. Of the particular species of Opúntia which nourishes the co- chineal insect much doubt has existed. There is some reason to believe that the Opúntia cochinillifera, Haw. Cactus, Lin. is not the plant which produces the best Mexican cochineal. Tilloa, on the authority of well informed travellers, states that the cochi- neal Cactus has no spines, and a fruit imbued with deep red pulp. Clavigero, however, says, “In Misteca, where I was for five years, I always saw the insect upon prickly Nopals. M. de Raynal imagines that the colour of the cochineal is to be ascribed to the red fig on which it lives; but that author has been mis- informed, for neither does the cochineal feed upon the fruit, but only upon the green part of the plant; nor does that species of Nopal bear red, but white figs. Clavigero adds, “ it may be reared upon the species with red fruit, but that is not the proper plant of the cochineal.” M. Thierry de Menonville, who pro- cured the cochineal insect, and the Opuntia on which it feeds from Guaxaca in Mexico, and transported them to St. Domingo, and who unquestionably had the best means of determining the kinds of Cacti cultivated for the insect, describes particularly 3 sorts on which it may be reared, and cultivated to advantage. The first is the Cactier Nopal, upon which alone the cochineal is reared in Mexico, both the fine and the common sorts, although there are throughout the country many other kinds of Opintia. The two following, therefore, itis presumed are em- ployed in St. Domingo. 2. The Cactier splendide, which may be used to equal advantage with the former; and 3. The Cactier de Campeche. Of these the first, as far as can be determined by description, is the Cactus Tina of Lin. which is the Opúntia Tina of Mill. The second appears to be very similar to the former, but larger in its joints, and very glaucous. The third is without doubt the Cáctus cochinillifera, Lin. and which he says of it from his own experience, that it may be usefully employed for rearing the Cochinille sylvestre, and may even sup- port a small quantity of the fine kind. Humboldt also, although 174 he allows that it is the plant upon which the cochineal has often been sent to Europe, asserts that our Opúntia cochinillifera is not the individual of the Mexican Nopaleries, which he makes a new species under the name of O. Bonplandii, and he quotes under it with a mark of doubt the Cactus Tina of Lin. At Rio Janeiro, when that place was visited by the Chinese embassy under Lord Macartney, there were considerable plantations of Cactus Tina, now Opintia Tuna, for rearing the cochineal, which had sometime previously been introduced to Brazil. In St. Vincent the Rev. L. Guilding has a considerable nursery of the Opúntia cochinillifera inhabited by thousands of the true cochineal; and he is in expectation of sending to the Society of Arts a Jarge quantity of the dried insects. From all that has been said we think it may be inferred with safety that in Mexico and Brazil the Opiintia Tina or Bonpldndii is the favourite food of the cochineal; and that in the West Indian Islands, where O, Tuna is perhaps less frequent, the O. cochinillifera is employed by the natives, and answers the purpose sufficiently well. Like all the species of Opiintia, the plants propagate readily by having the joints stuck into the ground, and the plants love dry and barren spots. If cultivated for the purpose of rearing the cochineal, it must be defended, at least in the rainy Island of St. Vincent, from storms and winds, by sheds placed to wind- ward. The cochineal insect, which feeds upon the kinds of Opúntia just mentioned, is too well known to need a particular descrip- tion here; as are also its valuable properties in producing the dye which bears its name, and carmine. It is the Céccus cacti of Linnzus, a small insect of the order Hymenéptera, having a general appearance not very dissimilar to that of the mealy-bug of our gardens, and equally covered with a white powdery sub- stance. The male is winged. It is originally a native of Mexico, and was cultivated for its precious dye long before the conquest of that country; and these plantations, called Nopa- leros, are most extensive in the Misteca and Oaxaca; the latter district alone has exported, according to Humboldt, upon the average 32,000 arobas annually, estimated at 2,400,000 piastres, above 500,000/. sterling. In Sloane's Jamaica, vol. 1. t. 9. a representation of a Mexican Nopalery is given from a drawing made at Guaxaca, by an In- dian. In these small plantations or enclosures they cultivated either the fine sort (Grana fina of the Spaniards), or the com- mon kind (Grana sylvestre), which differ by the first having a finer quality and more powdery covering; whilst the latter, less valuable in its produce, has a cottony covering; but whether these two insects be specifically distinct has not yet been deter- mined, The placing of the females, when big with young, is called sowing. The proprietor of a Nopalery buys in April or May the branches of joints of the Tunas de Castilla (Opúntia Tina), which are sold in the market of Oaxaca at about 3 franks a hundred, loaded with young cochineals (semilla). These are kept in cellars for 20 days, when they are exposed to the air, suspended under a shed. So rapid then is the growth of the insect, that by August or September the females are big with young, and ready for sowing, which is done in small nests, made of the fibrous parts of the foliage of a Tillandsia called Paxtle. In four months from the time of sowing the harvest commences. The insects are brushed off with a squirrel’s or deer’s tail by women, who sit during this operation, for whole hours at one Nopal plant; so that were it not for the extreme cheapness of labour in that country, Humboldt says, that the rearing of the cochineal would prove an unprofitable employment. After being gathered, the insects are killed by boiling water, or by ex- posing them in heaps to the sun, or by means of the vapour baths of the Mexicans (temazecalli) ; and when dry they are fit for ex- portation. By the latter method, the powdery substance is pre- CACTEÆ. VI. Opuntia. served, which increases the value of the insects in commerce, Dr. Bancroft has estimated the annual consumption of cochineal in Great Britain only at about 750 bags or 150,000 lbs., worth 275,000}. “ a vast amount,” as the authors of the introduction to Entomology observe, “ for so small a creature, and well cal- culated to show us the absurdity of despising any animals, on account of their minuteness.” According to the same writers, the only kind of cochineal that has been conveyed to the East Indies is the sylvestre or wild cochineal from Brazil, and the Court of Directors of the East India Company have offered a reward of 6,000/. to any person who should introduce the more valuable sort. The insects were introduced to the royal gardens at Kew in 1814 from Martinico, by M. Castleneau d’Auros, late super- intendant of the botanic garden on that island. In 1820, the fine cochineal was introduced to the Apothecaries’ botanic gar- den at Chelsea by W. Prinsep of Calcutta, from some of the Nopaleries of Mexico. Cochineal-bearing Indian-fig. Fl. July, Sept. Shrub 3 to 5 feet. 32 O. Frcus-I’npica (Haw. syn. p. 191.) joints ovate-oblong, obtuse at both ends; prickles setaceous, length of the wool from which they rise. h. D.S. Native of South America. Cactus Ficus Indica, Lin. spec. 670. Willd. enum. suppl. 34. Joints a foot long. Prickles all setaceous, and very short. Flowers sulphur-coloured. Fruit large, edible, deep purple. This ìs the most common kind of Indian-fig in Jamaica, and upon the fruit of it a wild kind of cochineal feeds. The plant is to be found in many parts of Asia, but has perhaps been transplanted thither. Common Indian-fig. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1731. Shrub ? to 3 feet. oan 33 O. pseu'po-Tu'na (Salm-Dyck, obs. bot. 1822. et in litt, 1827.) plant erect, branched, light green ; joints obovate, com- pressed, large, thick; fascicles of prickles distant ; prickles yel- low, setaceous, collected into brush-like heaps: lower one 0 each heap strong, and subulate. h.D.S. Native of South America. Allied to O. Ficus-I'ndica, but more sbining. This species occurs often in gardens under the name of O. Tuna. False-Tuna. Shrub 2 to 8 feet. Jane 34 O. romentdsa (Salm-Dyck, obs. bot. 1822. et in litt 1827.) plant erect, tomentose ; joints lanceolate, compresse®, thick ; prickles setaceous, white: lower 4 or 6 in each fascicle elongated, unarmed. h. D. S. Native of South America. Cactus tomentòsus, Link. enum. 2. p. 24. Spreng. syst. 2. P 497. Hairs of joints short, adpressed, and rather villous. Tomentose Indian-fig. Clt. 1820. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. |, 35 O. ranceoLa`ra (Haw. syn. 192.) plant erectish ; yma lanceolate ; spines uniform, very short. h. D.S. Native ° South America. Cactus lanceolatus, Haw. misc. p. 188. Leaves larger in this species than any of its allies, generally they a7 more than 3 lines long. Flowers 4 inches in diameter, of a shin- ing yellow-colour. Stigmas 5, sulphur-coloured. b Lanceolate-lobed Indian-fig. Fl. July. Clt. 1796. Shru 2 to 3 feet. 36 O. rusercuta’ta (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 34. under Các- tus,) joints ovate-oblong, attenuated at both ends ; tubercles sp nose; prickles setaceous, about equal in length to the wool from which they rise. h.D.S. Native of tropical America. aw: rev. p. 80. The rest unknown. Warted Indian-fig. Clt. 1818. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. i 37 O. mr'rus (D. C. prod. 3. p. 473.) plant strictly eret 4 joints fleshy, ovate-elliptic ; spines uniform, very short, hair formed, very numerous. h. DÐ, S. Native of South Amene Cáctus Opúntia, D. C. pl. grass. no. 138. with a figure- Cáctu strictus, Haw. misc. 188. but not of Willd. O. stricta, Haw. syn. 191. Flowers yellow on both sides, spreading. Clt. 1688, CACTEÆ. VI. Opuntia. VII. PERESKIA. Unarmed Indian-fig. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1796. Sh. 2 to 3 ft. 38 O. Amycræ'a (Tenore, fl. neap. append. 5. p. 15.) joints . orbicular or elliptic, very broad, flat, compressed; prickles strong, diverging, white, without any wool at their base. . F. Native of the kingdom of Naples, near Amyclea, and at Monticelli and Portella, on calcareous rocks. Joints 10 inches broad, and 15 inches long. Prickles 6-18 lines long, but sometimes want- ing altogether. Flowers yellow. Fruit reddish yellow. Per- haps the same as O. maxima, Salm-Dyck. Amyclea Indian-fig. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 39 O. ruBE'scens (Salm-Dyck in litt. 1827. ex D.C. prod. 8. p. 474.) plant erect; joints elongated, compressed, reddish green, somewhat tuberculately areolate, unarmed ; leaves small, reddish, at the base of the white tomentum. h.-D.S. Native of Brazil. This ‘plant is very showy when young, being of a reddish-colour, and the stem flat and elongated, nearly as in O. spinosissima, but absolutely without spines. Reddish Indian-fig. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 40 O. cra’ssa (Haw. suppl. p. 81.) plant erect ; joints ovate or oblong, very thick, full of a fleshy substance ; fascicles of bris- tles minute, unarmed, yellowish. }.D.S. Native of Mexico. Thick Indian-fig. Clt. 1817. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 41 O. vutea‘ris (Mill. dict. ed. 8. no. 1. Haw. syn. 190.) plant diffusely prostrate, rooting; joints ovate; prickles un- equal, very short, and very numerous. %.H. Native of North America, in the southern states; plentiful in the neighbourhood of New York, &c.; and now frequent in the south of Europe. Hook. bot. mag. 2393. Cactus Opantia, Lin. spec. 669. Cactus Opintia vulgaris et nana, D. C. pl. grass. no. 138. with a table. —Mill. fig. t.191. Flowers yellow, spreading. Common Indian-fig or Prickly-pear. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1596. Shrub 4 to 1 foot, but usually prostrate and rooting. 42 O. Hernanpe'zu (D.C. diss. t. 16.) plant erect; joints thick, roundish-obovate, nearly unarmed; flowers expanded ; stamens shorter than the style and petals. k.D.S. Native of Mexico. Cactus cochinillifera, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Nopal Nochatzli, Hern. mex. 78. with a figure, and 489. f. 1. Nopal sylvéstre, Thierry-Menonv. voy. Guax. 2. p. 277. with a figure. According to Thierry, the flowers on the same plant vary from purplish to rose-colour, and greyish lilac. The cochineal thrives well on this species. Hernandez’s Indian-fig. Clt. 1827. Secr. V. TenuíLosæ (from tenuis, thin, and lobus, a lobe ; lobes of plant flat and thin). D.C. prod. 3. p. 474. Stems terete, when young. Joints flat, membranous. 43 O. Brasitie'nsis (Willd. enum. suppl. 33. under Cactus) stem terete: joints of branches compressed, flat, ovate ; spines strong, solitary. h. D. S. Native of Brazil. Cactus para- dóxus, Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p. 443.—Hoffims. verz. 1826. p. 72. Pis. bras. p. 100. f. 2. Flowers yellow. Brasilian Indian-fig. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt.1816. + The following species are only known by name, not having been described. 1 O. leucdntha, Hort. berol. Shrub 1 foot. Sh. 4 to 6 ft. 2 O. alata, Hort. berol. 4 O. subinérmis, Link. 5 O. 6 O. sericea, Gill. (under The species of Indian-fig are of very easy culture: the soil recommended for Mammillaria will suit them; and in order to propagate them, the branches should be separated at the joints, and allowed to lie a few days to dry after being so se~ parated, and when stuck into the earth they will soon strike root. VII. PERE’SKIA (named by Plumier in honour of Nicholus Fabr. Peiresk, senator of Aix in Provence, who collected a con- 175 siderable library and herbarium, but published nothing). Plum. gen. p. 35. t. 26. Lin. gen. ed. 1. no. 402. Mill. dict. Haw. syn. 197. D. C. prod. 3. p. 474. Lin. syst. IJcosdndria, Monogiynia. Sepals numerous, ad- nate to the ovarium, and often remaining on the fruit, leaf- formed. Corolla rotate, nearly as in Opintia. Stamens nu- merous, much shorter than the petals. Style filiform; stigmas collected, in a spiral manner. Berry globose or ovate. Seeds imbedded in the pulp.—Shrubs or trees. Branches terete. Prickles solitary at the axils of the leaves, and in fascicles on the stem. Leaves distinct, flat, larger than those of any other genus in the present order. Flowers somewhat panicled, soli- tary, terminating the branches, or rather lateral.—Peréschia, Thierry Menonvy. voy. guax. 2. p. 275. is probably a species of Opintia. 1 P. acurza‘ta (Mill. dict. Haw. syn. 198.) leaves elliptic ; prickles solitary, in the axils of the leaves, but becoming at length in fascicles on the stems; flowers rather panicled ; fruit globose, bearing the foliaceous sepals. h.D.S. Native of the West Indies, where it is called American or Barbadoes Gooseberry by the inhabitants, and by the Dutch Blood-apple. Plum. gen. t. 26.—Dill. hort. elth. t. 227. f. 294. Cactus Peréskia, Lin. spec. 671. Prickles half an inch long. Buds rather woolly. Flowers white. Fruit yellowish, edible. Prickly Barbadoes-gooseberry. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1696. Shrub 5 to 7 feet. 2 P. roneispina (Haw. syn. 178.) leaves elliptic; prickles twin, an inch and a half long, very woolly. k.D. S. Native of South America. P. aculeata 6, longispina, D. C. prod. 3. p. 475. Long-spined Barbadoes-gooseberry. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 3 P. Breo (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 69.) leaves oblong, acuminated ; prickles axillary, 5-6 in a fascicle; flowers 2-4 together at the tops of the branches, each on a short pedun- cle ; petals obovate, retuse. h. D. S. Native of New Gra- nada, on the banks of the river Magdalena, near Badilla, where it is called Bleo by the inhabitants. Lindl. bot. reg. 1473. Flowers pale red. Stamens also red, but white at the base. Stigma 5-7-cleft. Bleo Barbadoes-gooseberry. 8 to 10 feet. 4 P. nórrIDa (H. B. et Kunth, l. p. 70.) leaves oblong, acute at both ends; spines 1-3 together, subulate, in the woolly axils of the leaves ; flowers 2-5 together, axillary, pedunculate, rising above the spines. h. D.S. Native of South America, in the province of Jaen de Bracamoros, on the banks of the Amazon. Flowers small, red. Stigma 3-4-cleft. Horrid Barbadoes-gooseberry. Shrub or tree. 5 P. porTULACÆFÒLIA (Haw. syn. 199. in a note) leaves obo- vate-cuneated ; prickles solitary, under the leaves, but at length coming in fascicles on the stem; flowers solitary; petals emar- ginate ; fruit globose, retuse, naked. h. D.S. Native of the West Indies.—Plum. ed. Burm. 197. f. 1. Cactus portulaci- folius, Lin. spec. 671. Lun. hort. jam. 2. p. 256. About the size of an apple-tree. Prickles blackish. Flowers terminal, purple; petals roundish. Fruit umbilicate, greenish, with white flesh, and numerous black seeds. Purslane-leaved Barbadoes-gooseberry. Clt. 20 to 30 feet. 6 P. zinnizriora (D. C. diss. t. 17.) leaves ovate, acute, undulated ; prickles axillary, twin: but at length somewhat fas- ciculate on the stem, about the cicatrices occasioned by the falling of the leaves; flowers solitary, terminal; petals obcor- date; ovarium bearing the sepals. kh. D. S. Native of Mexico. Cactus zinnizefldrus, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Flowers of a deep reddish-violet colour, greenish on the Fl- Oct. Jan. | Cht: 1827. = Pl: 1820. Tree 176 outside, about an inch in diameter. species, Zinnia-flowered Barbadoes-gooseberry. Tree 10 feet. 7 P. rycunipirxora (D. C. diss. t. 18.) leaves ovate, acute ; prickles solitary in the axils of the leaves, but perhaps in fas- cicles on the stems; flowers solitary, terminal; petals cu- neated, fringed at the apex; ovarium bearing the sepals. h. D. S. Native of Mexico. Cactus fimbriatus, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Flowers of a coppery peach colour, about 2 inches in diameter, similar to those of Lychnis coronatus. Lychnis-flomered Barbadoes-gooseberry. Shrub. 8 P. opuntiærròra (D. C. diss. t. 19.) leaves obovate, mu- cronate, usually 2 together; prickles axillary, solitary, very long, but perhaps disposed in fascicles on the stem? flowers usually terminal, or nearly so, solitary ; petals ovate, acutish ; ovarium bearing fascicles of hairs. h. D. S. Native of Mexico. Cactus opuntiæflòrus, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Flowers of a dirty scarlet colour, an inch in diameter ; petals disposed in 2 series. Indian-fig-flonered Barbadoes-gooseberry. Shrub. 9 P. rorunprro.ia (D. C. diss. t. 20.) leaves roundish, mu- cronate; prickles axillary, solitary, but perhaps disposed in fascicles on the stem; flowers solitary, lateral? petals broad, roundish, mucronate ; ovarium bearing the sepals ; fruit obovate, full of cicatrices. h. D. S. Native of Mexico. Cactus ro- tundifolius, Moc, et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Flowers yellow, variegated a little with scarlet, 15 lines in diameter. Berry red, obovate. Round-leaved Barbadoes-gooseberry. Shrub. 10 P. cranpird1i1a (Haw. suppl. p. 85.) leaves oblong-lanceo- late, smooth above, beset with rough dots beneath; stem very spiny. kh. D. S. Native of Brazil. Cactus grandifdlius, Link. enum. 2. p. 25. Spreng. syst. 2. p. 498. Larger spines blackish, 2 inches long. Great-leaved Barbadoes-gooseberry. Clt. 1818. Sh. 6 feet. Cult. The species of this genus are very different in habit from the rest of the genera of the present order, from the branches being woody and furnished with proper leaves; but the flowers resemble the other genera of the order. They are of easy culture, growing freely in any light earth; and cuttings of them are readily rooted in mould or sand, under a hand- glass, in heat. A large plant of any of the species has a very grotesque and ornamental appearance, when several species of Cereus and Epiphyllum has been grafted or inserted on it. Very like the preceding Tribe Il. RHIPSALI'DE/ (this tribe only contains the genus Rhip- salis). D.C. prod. 3. p. 475. Ovula, and therefore the seeds are fixed to the central axis of the berry. VIII. RHI’PSALIS (peh, rhips, a willow-branch; in refer- ence to the flexible branches). Gertn. fr. 1. p. 136. t. 28. Haw. syn. 186. D.C. prod. 3. p. 475.—Haridta, Adans. fam. 2. p. 243.—Rhipsalides. Willd. enum. suppl. p. 33.—Cact. pa- rasitici, D. C. cat. hort. monsp. p. 83. Lin. syst. Jcosdndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx adhering to the ovarium, smooth ; limb superior, 3-6-parted, short; teeth acuminated, membranous. Petals 6, oblong, spreading, inserted in the calyx. Stamens 12-18, fixed to the base of the petals. Style filiform, crowned by 3-6 stigmas. Berry pellucid, roundish, crowned by the marcescent catyx. Seeds imbedded in the pulp, without albumen; radicle of the embryo thick; cotyledons 2, short, obtuse.—Small shrubs, growing upon trees in the West Indies, usually pendulous, branched, leafless, and terete, naked or bearing rather faleate small bristles; fascicles of. bristles, when present, disposed in a quincuncial spiral order, Flowers CACTEA. VII. Pereskia. VIII. REIPSALIS. lateral, sessile, small, white. Berries pellucid and white, nearly like that of Viscum or Missletoe. 1 R. Cassy‘rua (Gertn. l.c. Haw. 1. c.) plant pendulous; branches verticillate, naked, glabrous; calyx 6-parted ; petals 5-6. h.D.S. Native of Jamaica, St. Domingo, Trinidad, &c. hanging on the branches of the tallest trees. Christy, in bot, mag. 3080. Cassytha baccifera, Mill. fig; Cassytha filifćrmis, Mill. dict. ed. 8. Cactus péndulus, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. p. 876. Flowers white. Berry white, about the size of those of a red currant, 12-seeded. ; Var. B, Mauritiana (D. C. prod. 3. p. 476.) plant creeping? branches crowded, jointed. h. D. S. Native of the Mauri- tius, on the rock called Lapouce. Cactus pendulinus, Sieb. fi. maur. 2. no. 259. Perhaps this plant has been introduced to the Mauritius from the Brazils, as all the other species of this genus are natives of America. Flowers whitish. Cassytha Rhipsalis. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1758. Shrub 1 foot. 2 R. HooxzrIa`Na ; plant pendulous; branches verticillate, naked, glabrous; calyx 4-parted ; petals 4. h. D. S. Native of the West Indies and Mexico. R. Cassytha, Hook, exot. fl, t.21. R. Cassytha 6, Hookeriadna, D. C. prod. 3. p. 476. Flowers white. "Berries white, about the size of those of a red currant, 12-20-seeded. Hooker's Rhipsalis. Fl. May, June. Clt.? Shrub 1 foot. 3 R. cassyruoines ; plant pendulous ; branches verticillate, naked, glabrous; calyx 3-loted : lobes broad at the base, and acu- minated at the apex; petals 6. h.D.S. Native of Mexico. Flowers white. Berries white, about the size of red currants. Cactus cassythoides, Moc. et Sesse, fl, mex. icon. ined. R. Cassytha y, Mociniana, D.C. prod. 3. p. 476. diss. t.21. Cassytha-like Rhipsalis. Shrub 1 foot. f 4 R. picuéroma; plant pendulous; branches dichotomous ; calyx 3-lobed ; petals 6, disposed in 2 series. h. D.S. Native of New Andalusia and New Granada, growing on trees. Các- tus péndulus, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 65. R Cassytha 6, dichótoma, D. C. prod. 3. p. 476. Flowers white. Berries white, about the size of gooseberries, 30-40 seeded. Dichotomous Rhipsalis. Shrub 1 foot. 5 R. cranpirLòRus (Haw. suppl. pl. suce. p. 83. rev. P. 72.) plant sparingly branched; branches nearly erect, somewhat cala- miform, naked: spines very minute, solitary, pale, closely ad- pressed, at nearly regular distances; flowers numerous, hardly an inch in diameter. h.D.S. Native of Brazil. Hook. bot. mag. t. 2740. R. fundlis, D.C. prod. 3. p. 476. Cactus fu- nalis, Salm-Dyck. in hort. dyck. 1822. Petals and calyeme lobes 8, pale yellow inside. Filaments numerous, white ; anthers A yellow. Stigmas 4, rotate. Great-flowered Rhipsalis. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1816. Sh. 1 ft. 6 R. rascicura`ra (Haw. suppl. p. 83.) pendulous ; branches terete, in fascicles; fascicles of hairs disposed in a spiral quin- cuncial order along the younger branches. h. D. S. Native of the West India Islands. Christy, in bot. mag. 3079. R parasitica, Haw. syn. p. 187. Cáctus parasiticus, Lam. dict. > p. 541. D. C. pl. grass. t. 59. Cactus fasciculatus, Willd. enum. suppl. p. 33. Flowers greenish-white, few, and confine to the main branches. Berry similar to 2. Cassġtha. f Fasciculate Rhipsalis. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. Sh, 1 tt 7 R. saxicornioipes (Haw. suppl. p. 83.) plant ere? branched, proliferous at the joints ; joints short, obclavate, te rete, and angular, with fascicles of very minute hairs, floriferov at the apex; flowers solitary. h. D. S. Native of Sout America. Otto. et Link. abbl. t. 49. Petals 7-10, acute, yellow longer than the stamens and style. t Salicornia-like Rhipsalis. Fl. June. Clt. 1817. Sh. 1 foot. 8 R. meseMBrYANTHoipEs (Haw. rev. p. 71.) plant glomer” ately branched ; branches erect, terete, straight, bearmg joints; Berries white. ` i a ŮŮŮŮĖ—ĖĖș——Őō—Ő—Ėō—————lĖŐĖŐĖŐŮI/ CACTEA, VIII. Rurrsatis. joints lateral, crowded, terete, attenuated at both ends, clouded, bearing the flowers in the middle ; fascicles of capillaceous bristles white or pale, but when old and faded black ; flowers solitary. h. D. S. Native of South America. Christy, in bot. mag. 3878. C. salicornioides 6, Haw. suppl. p. 83. Joints at the sides of the branches numerous, crowded, and nearly erect. Flowers solitary, rising from the middle, not from the tops of the joints, white. Fruit a white berry, smaller than those of R. Cassytha. Fig-marigold-like Rhipsalis. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1817. Sh. 4 ft. 9 R. parasitica (D. C. prod. 3. p. 476.) plant pendulous, branched, glabrous; branches striated, or undulately repand. h. D.S. Native of the West India Islands.—Plum. ed. Burm. t. 197. f. 2. Flowers like those of R. dichétoma. This species is hardly known, but distinct from the others in the stem being repand in an undulating manner. Parasitic Rhipsalis. Shrub 1 foot. 10 R.? micra’nrua (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 65. under Céctus) plant glabrous, pendulous, branched ; branches with 3-4 angles, or compressedly-2-edged ; flowers rising from the angles. h. D. S. Native of Quito, in groves, near Olleros. Flowers white, minute. Small-flowered Rhipsalis. Shrub 4 foot. Cult. This is a genus of singular plants, but without much beauty. Being parasites, on trees, they grow best in vegetable mould, mixed with a little brick rubbish; and they are easily increased by cuttings. Orper CXVIII. GROSSULARIE' (this order only con- tains the genus Ribes, or gooseberry tribe). D. C. fl. fr. (1804) 4, p.406. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 58. Berlandier, mem. soc. phys. gen. 3. pt. 2. p. 43. t. 1-3. D. C. prod. 3. p. 477.—Ribésize, Ach. Rich. bot. med. (1823) 2. p. 487.—Genera of Cacteze, Juss.—Genus of Saxifrageae, Vent.—Genus of Por- tulaceze, Adans. Calyx superior (f. 32. d. f. 33. b.); limb 4-5-parted (f. 33.b. f. 32. a.), regular, coloured. Petals 5, inserted in the throat of the calyx (f. 33. c.), and alternating with its segments, equal. Stamens 4-5 (f. 33. c.), very rarely 6, very short, inserted alter- nately with the petals, equal; filaments conical or cylindrical, distinct ; anthers 2-celled, opening lengthwise on the inside ; but in the varieties of R. rubrum they burst laterally and trans- versely. Ovarium 1-celled, with 2 opposite parietal placentas ; ovula numerous. Style one, 2 (f. 32. c. f. 33. e.) -3 or 4-cleft. Fruit succulent (f. 32. e.), nearly globose, umbilicate at the apex from the permanent calyx (f. 32. d.), 1-celled, many-seeded. Seeds arillate, suspended by a long filiform podosperm ; outer integument gelatinous or juicy, and membranous: under one a very thin membrane, adhering closely to the albumen; bluntish at the extremity opposite the hylum. Albumen horny, conform- ing to the seed, white. Embryo minute, placed at the sharpest end of the seed, excentral, with a blunt radicle, which is placed next the hilum.—Unarmed or spiny shrubs. Leaves alternate, lobed or cut, plaited while in the bud. There is one bractea at the base of each pedicel, which is cut more or less, and two much smaller ones called bracteoles under each ovarium. Flowers greenish, white, yellow or red, very rarely unisexual. This order was formerly confounded with Cácteæ : notwith- standing the dissimilarity of their appearance they are most closely related ; the principal differences between the two orders VOL, Il. GROSSULARIE. I. Rises. Ea are, that in Cácteæ the stamens are indefinite, the seeds without albumen, and the calyx and corolla undistinguishable ; while in Grossularièæ the stamens are definite, the seeds albuminous, and the calyx and corolla distinct. There are spines in both orders, and some of the Cactee have distinct leaves. The properties of the gooseberry and currant are those of the generality of the order, except that in other species a mawkish or extremely acid taste is substituted for the refreshing and agreeable flavour of the former. Some are emetic. The black currant, which is tonic and stimulant, has fragrant glands upon its leaves and flowers ; these reservoirs are also found upon some other species. Turner, 634. Malic acid exists in currants and gooseberries. I. RIBES (the name of an acid plant mentioned by the Ara- bian physicians, which has been discovered to be the Rhéum Ribes). Lin. gen. 281. Berlandier, mem. soc. phys. gen. 3. pt. 2. p. 43. t. 1-3. and D. C. prod. 3. p. 477.—Grossularia, Tourn. Gertn. Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. the order. Character the same as Sect. I. Grossuxa‘rta (a dim. of grossus, thick ; meaning a gooseberry bush ; the species contained in this section all bear gooseberries). Ach. Rich. l. c. Berlandier, l. c. t. 1. Stems usually prickly (f. 32.). Peduncles 1-2-3-flowered. Calyx more or less campanulate (f. 32. a.). Leaves plicate. * Flowers greenish. 1 R. oxyacantuorpes (Lin. spec. 291.) plant prickly and bristly, nakedish ; spines 1 or 3, joined at the base ; leaves cor- date, 5-lobed, serrated, often pubescent beneath, and on the petioles ; peduncles very short, usually 2-flowered ; tube of calyx glabrous, hairy inside, with a spreading limb, which is longer than the obovate petals; germs and pedicels naked. %. H. Native of North America throughout Canada, and as far as the Saskatchawan, and of Newfoundland. Berlandier, l.c. t. 1. f. 1. The shrub varies much in the aculei and spines, in their number and colour, and in the more or less dense ramification, and pubescence. Mr. Drummond says, the fruit of this species is much like the common gooseberry, and is equally agreeable, either of a red or green colour. Hawthorn-like Gooseberry. Fl. May, June. Sh. 3 to 4 ft. 2 R. seròsum (Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1237. Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1, p. 230.) branches beset with dense bristles ; prickles unequal, subulate ; leaves roundish, cordate at the base, pubescent, 3-5- lobed, deeply crenated ; peduncles 2-flowered, rather bracteate; calyx tubularly campanulate, with the segments linear, obtuse, and spreading, twice the length of the petals, which are entire ; berries hispid. .H. Native of North America, on the banks of the Saskatchawan. Bristly Gooseberry. Fl. May, April. to 5 feet. 3 R. rrirLorum (Willd. hort. berol. t. 61.) prickles wanting ; spines usually solitary ; leaves cordate, 5-lobed, serrated, gla- brous ; peduncles elongated, 2-3-flowered ; tube of calyx nar- row, cylindrical, glabrous, with a spreading limb, which after- wards becomes reflexed; stamens exserted; ovarium naked. h. H. Native of North America, in mountainous situations to the west of the Rocky Mountains; and of Pennsylvania. Ber- landier, 1. c. t. 1. f. 4. R. stamineum, Horn. hort. hafn. p. 237. Berry reddish, glabrous. The species seems to be easily dis- tinguished from R. Cynésbati by the constantly smooth fruit, very narrow flowers, and exserted stamens, Aa Clt. 1810. Shrub 4 178 Three-flowered Gooseberry. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1812, Sh. 3 to 4 feet. 4 R. Cyno’spatt (Lin. spec. 292.) stem unarmed, rarely prickly; spines usually twin; leaves cordate, 5-lobed, serrated, more or less pubescent underneath, and on the petioles; pedun- - cles elongated, 2-3-flowered ; pedicels divaricate ; tube of calyx ovate-cylindrical ; limb spreading, with the segments exceeding the petals, which are obovate ; stamens hardly exserted ; ovarium bristly. h.H. Native of Canada (Michx.), Japan (Thunb.), Berlandier, l.c. t. 1. f. 3. Jacq. vind. 2. t.123. Berries bristly or prickly. It hardly differs from R. divaricatum, except in the broader tube of the corolla, and the shorter stamens. Var. B ; fruit unarmed. h.H. Native of Hudson’s Bay. R. oxyacanthoides, Richards in Frankl. first journ. ed. 2, append. p. 7. Var. y; branches prickly; peduncles shorter; flowers pu- bescent, purplish; fruit prickly. kh.H. Native about Lake Huron. Dog-bramble Gooseberry. Fl. Apr. Clt. 1759. Sh. 3 to 4 ft. 5 R. pivarica‘tum (Dougl. in bot. reg. 1359.) branches diva- ricate, bristly, at length naked; spines 1-3 together, axillary, defiexed, large; leaves roundish, 3-lobed, deeply toothed, nerved, glabrous; peduncles 3-flowered, drooping; calyx fun- nel-shaped : with the segments at length spreading, and twice the length of the tube; style and stamens exserted; berries gla- brous. h.H. Native on the north-west coast of America, a common bush on the banks of streams near Indian villages. This species comes nearest to R. triflorum. Berries black, smooth, and spherical, pleasant to the taste. Petals white. Dwaricate Gooseberry. Fl. April. Clt. 1826. Sh. 5 to 7 ft. 6 R. irricuum (Doug. in hort. trans. 7. p. 516. Hook. fi. bor. amer. 1. p. 231.) prickles axillary, tern; leaves cordate, somewhat 5-lobed, toothed, ciliated, pilose on both surfaces, nerved ; peduncles 3-flowered, beset with glandular pili; calyx campanulate: segments linear, about equal in length to the tube; berries glabrous. h. H. Native of the north-west coast of America, on moist mountain rocks near springs and streams, on the Blue Mountains, and on the banks of the Spo- kan river. Berries spherical, half an inch in diameter, smooth, juicy, and well flavoured. Apparently closely allied to R. tri- Jlorum. Well-watered Gooseberry. Shrub 8 to 4 feet. 7 R. saxdsum (Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 231.) stem unarmed, rarely prickly ; spines wanting, solitary or twin ; leaves cordate, 5-lobed, serrated, smoothish; peduncles very short, deflexed, 1-2-flowered ; calyx glabrous, with a campanulate tube: seg- ments spreading, but at length reflexed, twice the length of the corolla, and about equal in length to the stamens; ovarium naked, h.H. Native of the north-west coast of America, common on the undulating grounds of the interior among stones ; and about Lake Huron, and on the banks of the Saskatchawan ; also near Boston. R. saxatile, Dougl. mss. R. trifldrum, Bigel. fl. bost. ed. 2. p. 90. Fruit resembling a common goose- berry. Sone Gooseberry. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 8 R. ninre’tium (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 479.) spinules nearly axillary ; branches beset with a few short bristly hairs ; leaves small, semi-trifid ; lobes few-toothed ; peduncles 1-flow- ered ; berry glabrous, red. h. H. Native of North America, in Canada, in stony places by the river Signey ; and on the mountains of Virginia. Hairy Gooseberry. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1812. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 9 R. racu’srre (Poir. encycl. suppl. 2. p. 856. Pursh. f. zmer. sept. 1. p. 161.) stem very prickly ; spines many-parted, slender; leaves cordate, deeply 3-5-lobed, cut; racemes 5-8- ` 8 GROSSULARIEÆ. I. Rises. flowered, loose ; calyx rotate; germs and pedicels hispid, and glandular. k.H. Native throughout Canada to Fort Frank- lin and Bear Lake, near the Arctic circle ; mouth of the Colum- bia ; mountains of the Columbia, and of North California; also of Virginia, &c. R. oxyacanthoides, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 111. R. echinatum, Dougl. mss. This has the flowers of the currant, and the prickly stems of the gooseberry. The fruit is about the size of black currants, in pendulous racemes, pur- plish. black, shining, clothed with hairs, unpleasant to the taste. Lake Gooseberry. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1812. Sh, 4 to 5 ft. 10 R. rorunpiroLium (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 110.) spines nearly axillary, solitary ; leaves nearly orbicular, clothed with very minute down, a little lobed; lobes roundish, obtuse ; peduncles 1-flowered ; limb of calyx tubular. h. H. Native on the high mountains of Carolina. Berries glabrous. Round-leaved Gooseberry. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 11 R. era‘cite (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 111.) spines nearly axillary, very short, solitary; leaves on slender petioles, lobed; lobes acute, cut; peduncles capillary, erect, usually 2- flowered ; calyx glabrous, tubularly campanulate. h. H. Na- tive of North America, on the mountains of Tennessee; and in mountain meadows from New York to Virginia. Berry glabrous, purple or blue, with a very pleasant taste. Leaves pubescent. Slender Gooseberry. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1812. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 12 R. Cavca’sicum (Adams, in reliq. Willd. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 507.) prickles stipular, tern ; peduncles 1- flowered, erect; leaves 5-lobed, deeply toothed. h. H. Na tive of Caucasus. Perhaps only a variety of R. U‘va-crispa. Caucasian Gooseberry. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1819. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. 13 R. micropny’tium (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p- 62.)_prickles usually solitary ; leaves nearly reniform, small; peduncles very short, 2-flowered ; calyx campanulate : segments oblong, obtuse; petals spatulately obovate, retuse at the apex. h. H. Native of Mexico, in mountainous places near El Guarda, between Guchila and the city of Mexico, at the eleva- tion of 4200 feet. Ovarium rather turbinate. Flowers red. Small-leaved Gooseberry. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 14 R. cunztrdttum (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 233. f. c.) un- armed; leaves cuneiform, cut, trifid; petioles not half the length of the leaves; peduncles solitary, axillary, 2..3-flowered, length of the petioles; bracteas 2, at the base of each flower. h.G. Native of Peru, on the Andes, Berry pale red. Habit of R. U‘va-crispa. Perhaps belonging to a separate section. Wedge-leaved Gooseberry. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. $ 15 R. cucuLLAa`rum (Hook. et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 250.) unarmed; branches glabrous; leaves glabrous, somewhat 5- lobed, roundish-reniform, cucullate at the base, and cuneated ; the lobes lying over each other, acutely and deeply lobed ; pe tioles a little shorter than the leaves ; racemes hardly puberu- lous, axillary, short, few- flowered ; flowers nearly sessile, hardly exceeding the bracteas, which are roundish. h.G. Native of the Cordillera of Chili. Nearly allied to R. cuneifdlium, but ap” parently quite distinct. Hooded-leaved Gooseberry. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. : 16 R. acicuLa' re (Smith in Rees’ cycl.) very prickly ; prickles stipular, 3-5-parted; leaves rather pubescent, nearly orbicull 3-5-lobed; lobes bluntish, deeply serrated; peduncles usua y l-flowered, bracteolate in the middle; calyx campanulate, smoothish ; berries bractless, and are, as well as the styles, quite glabrous. h.H. Native of Siberia, in stony rocky mountat- ous places. Led. fi. ross. alt. ill. t. 230; R. U'va-crisp® Sievers in Pall. nord. beytr. 7. p. 274, Pall. fl. ross. 2. p. 37. Stem erect or procumbent. Petals white. Berries glabrous, yellowish or purplish, sweet, with a grateful taste. GROSSULARIEZ. Acicular-spined Gooseberry. Shrub. 17 R. crossura' ria (Lin. spec. p. 291.) prickles 2 or 3 under each bud; branches otherwisessmooth, and spreading or erect ; pedicels 1-2-flowered ; leaves 3-5-lobed, rather villous; brac- ‘teas close together ; calyx campanulate, with reflexed segments, which are shorter than the tube; petals rounded at the apex, glabrous, but bearded in the throat ; style alwrys beset with long down. h.H. Native of Europe and Nipaul, in woods and hedges; plentiful in some parts of Britain, in hedges, thickets, and wast@ ground, as the woods and hedges about Darlington; apparently wild in Hamilton wood, Scotland. Smith, eng. bot. 1292. R. U'va-crispa, Oed. fl. dan. t. 546. Grossularia hirsuta, Mill. dict. no. 2. R. U'va-crispa var. č sativum, D.C. fl. fr. 4. p. 408. Plench. icon. 148. The Nipaul plant has the stem thickly beset with bristles, and the spines strong and 3-parted. It is therefore probably a proper species. Var. B, U'va-crispa (Smith, engl. fl. 1. p. 333.) plant beset with spines all over ; leaves small, rather villous; berries smaller, glabrous. h.H. R. U'va-crispa, Lin. spec. 292. Smith, eng. bot. 2057. U'va-crispa, Fuch’s hist. t. 187.—U'va spina, Math. valgr. 1. t. 151. f. 1.—Blackw. herb. 277.—Plench. icon. t. 149. —Duham. arbr. 1. t. 109. Berlandier, l. c.t. 1. f.6. R. U'va- crispa var. a sylvéstre, Berland. 1. c. mss. Var. y, spinosissimum (Berl. mss.) plant spiny all over ; prickles scattered, reflexed. Native of Europe in stony places. Var. 6, reclinatum (Berl. mss.) branches rather prickly, recli- nate. R. reclinatum, Lin. spec. 291. Grossularia reclinata, Mill. dict. no. 1. Var. £, Besseriana (Berl. mss.) branches prickly ; fruit pubes- cent, intermixed with glandular bristles. Native of Cracovia, in hedges. R. hybridum, Besser. prim. fl. galic. austr. p. 186. Var. ¢, subenérme (Berl. mss.) plant nearly glabrous ; bark smooth, brown; prickles axillary; flowers and leaves small. Native about Geneva. Perhaps a variety of R. reclindlum. Var. n, macrocdrpum (D.C. prod. 3. p. 478.) stigmas often longer than the petals; flowers and berries large. Var. 0, bractedtum (Berl. mss.) berries clothed with 2-4-5 straight coloured, nearly opposite, bracteas and bristles, emulat- ing sepals, which fall off before the berry arrives at maturity. The gooseberry is called Groseille à maquereau, in French ; Uva-spino in Italian; Stachelbeerstrauch, in German ; in Scot- land it is called Groseir ; in Piedmont, where the gooseberry is found wild, and where the Italian botanists state the berries to be eatable, but astringent and neglected, it is called Griselle. Some derive our name gooseberry from gorzeberry, from the re- semblance of the bush to gorze; others, as Professor Martyn, from its being used as sauce with young or green geese. Gerarde says it is called feaberry (feverberry) in Cheshire; and it has the same name in Lancashire and Yorkshire. In Norfolk this term is shortened to feabes, or, as they pronounce it fapes. Carberry is another British name for this fruit. i The gooseberry is a low, branching, prickly shrub, bearing pendulous, hairy, or smooth berries, of various colours; it is a native of several parts of Europe, and abounds in the Vallais, in copsewoods, where it produces a small, green, hairy, high- flavoured fruit. In England it is naturalized in various places, as on old walls, ruins, and in the woods and hedges about Dar- lington. It is cultivated in greater perfection in Lancashire than in any other part of Britain; and next to Lancashire the cli- mate and treatment of the Lothians seem to suit this fruit. In Spain and Italy the fruit is scarcely known. In France it 1s neglected and little esteemed. In some parts of Germany and Holland the moderate temperature and humidity of the climate seem to suit the fruit; but in no country is its size and beauty to be compared with that produced in Lancashire, or from the Lancashire varieties, cultivated with care, in the more temperate I. Rises. 179 and humid districts of Britain. Neill observes, that when foreigners witness our Lancashire gooseberries, they are ready to consider them as forming quite a different kind of fruit. Happily this wholesome and useful fruit is to be found in almost every cottage-garden in Britain ; and it ought to be considered apart of every gardener’s duty to encourage the introduction of * its most useful varieties in their humble enclosures. In Lan- cashire, and some parts of the adjoining counties, almost every cottager, who has a garden, cultivates the gooseberry, with a view to prizes, given at what are called Gooseberry-prize Meet- ings, of which there is annually published an account, with the names and weight of the successful sorts, in what is called the Manchester Gooseberry Book. The prizes vary from 1/. to 5l or 101. The second, third, to the sixth and tenth degree of merit, receiving often proportionate prizes. ‘There are meetings held in spring, to “ make up,” as the term is, the sorts, the persons, and the conditions of exhibition ; and in August to weigh and taste the fruit, and determine the prizes. Use.—The fruit was formerly in little esteem; but it has received so much improvement, that it is now considered very valuable for tarts, pies, sauces, and creams, before being ripe, and when at maturity, it forms a rich dessert fruit for three months; and is preserved in sugar for the same purpose, and in water for the kitchen. Unripe gooseberries can be preserved in bottles of water against winter; the bottles are filled with berries, close corked, and well sealed; they are then placed in a cool cellar till wanted. By plunging the bottles, after being corked, into boiling water, for a few minutes (heating them gra- dually to prevent cracking), the berries are said to keep better.” —Neill. Varieties.—The gooseberry is mentioned by Turner, in 1573. Parkinson enumerates 8 varieties; the small, great, and long common, 3 reds, 1 blue, and 1 green. Ray mentions only the pearl gooseberry, but Rea has the blue, several sorts of yellow, the white Holland, and the green. Miller only says, there are several varieties obtained from seed, most of them named from the persons who raised them; but as there are frequently new ones obtained, it is needless to enumerate them. The present list of the London nurserymen contains from 80 to 100 names, but those of some of the Lancashire growers above 300. Forsyth, in 1800, mentions 10 sorts as common; and adds a list of 43 new sorts, grown at Manchester. The following may be considered established varieties, and such as merit cultivation. List of gooseberries.—Those marked with a star may be con- sidered the best ; the rest only second rate. I. Fruit green. § 1. Branches spreading or pendulous. * Berries smooth, green. 1 Barclay’s greenchampagne. Fruit roundish, middle-sized. 2 Perring’s evergreen. Fruit large, oblong. 3 Fame. Fruit large, obovate. Branches pendulous. - 4 Bates’s favourite. Fruit oblong, middle-sized. Branches pendulous. 5 Glory of Kingston. Fruit roundish, middle-sized. 6 Allen’s glory of Ratcliff. Fruit oblong, middle-sized.* 7 Horsefield’s green gage. Fruit large, roundish. 8 Green globe. Fruit round, middle-sized. 9 Nixons green myrtle. Fruit large, oblong. pendulous. 10 Berry's greenwood. Fruit large, oblong. Branches pen- dulous. 11 Massey’s heart of oak. Fruit large, oblong. Branches pendulous.* aa? Branches 180 12 Grundy’s high sheriff of Lancashire. middle-sized. Branches pendulous. Fruit obovate, 13 Edward’s jolly tar, Fruit large, obovate. Branches pendulous.* 14 Minerva, Fruit large, oblong. 15 Taylor’s no-bribery. Fruit large, obovate. Branches pendulous. 16 Northern hero. Fruit large, obovate. 17 Reformer. Fruit large, oblong. 18 Sabine’s green. Fruit small, round. 19 Large smooth green. Fruit large, obovate.* 20 Green Walnut, Belmont’s, smooth green, nonpareil. middle-sized, obovate.* Fruit ** Berries green, hairy, or downy. 21 Colonel Anson's. Fruit large, oblong, hairy. 22 Holt’s beauty. Fruit large, oblong, downy. 23 Early green hairy, early green, green Gascoigne. small, round.* 24 Lovart’s Elija. Fruit large, roundish, hairy. 25 Glenton green, York seedling Fruit middle-sized, oblong, hairy. Branches pendulous.* 26 Green globe. Fruit small, round, hairy. 27 Green seedling. Fruit small, oblong, hairy. pendulous.* 28 Hodkinson’s joke. Fruit large, roundish, downy. Branches pendulous, 29 Lovely Anne. dulous. 30 Gregory's perfection. Branches pendulous.* 31 Prophet’s profit. Fruit large, oblong, downy. Early royal George. Fruit middle-sized, oblong, hairy, Fruit Branches Fruit large, oval, downy. Branches pen- Fruit large, roundish, downy, late. oo w early. 33 Ryder’s triumph. 84 Moore’s troubler. 35 Unicorn. Fruit small, obovate, hairy. Fruit large, roundish-oblong, hairy. Fruit large, oval, downy. § 2. * Fruit green, smooth. Branches erect. 36 Pitmaston green-gage. 37 Brigg’s independent. 38 Merry lass. 39 Midsummer. 40 Royal George. Fruit small, obovate.* Fruit large, obovate. Fruit middle-sized, obovate. Fruit small, roundish. Fruit middle-sized, oval. ** Fruit green, hairy, or downy. 41 Monck’s Charles Fox. Fruit small, ovate, hairy. 42 Green oak. Fruit large, roundish, hairy. 43 Greensmith. Fruit middle-sized, roundish, hairy. 44 Hebburn’s prolific. Fruit middle-sized, roundish, hairy.* 45 Colliers’s jolly angler, Lay’s jolly angler, Collins’s jolly angler. Fruit large, oblong, downy.* 46 Mills’s Langley green. Fruit large, roundish, hairy. 47 Late green. Fruit small, obovate, downy. 48 Parkinson's laurel, green laurel, green willow. Fruit large, obovate, pale green, nearly white.* 49 Hopley’s Lord Crew. Fruit large, oblong, hairy.* 50 Mignonette. Fruit small, roundish, hairy. 51 Lovart’s Moses. Fruit large, obovate, hairy. 52 Green Rumbullion. Fruit small, round, hairy. 53 Small green. Fruit small, globular, downy. 54 Small hairy green. Fruit small, round, hairy. 55 Bratherston’s Wistaston hero. Fruit large, oblong. GROSSULARIE. I. Ries. Il. Fruit yellow. § 1. Branches spreading or pendulous. * Fruit yellow, smooth. 1 Amber, amber yellow, smooth amber. Fruit small, roundish. 2 Diggles’s Bonny Roger. Fruit large, obovate. 3 Capper’s Bunker's Hill. Fruit large, roundish. 4 Hopley’s Cheshire cheese. Fruit large, oblong. 5 Forbes’s golden chain. Fruit large, oblong. Branches pendulous. 6 Bamford’s golden Purse. pendulous. : 7 Beaumont’s smiling beauty. Fruit large, oblong. Branches pendulous.* 8 Beardsell’s smuggler. Branches pendulous. 9 Dixons golden yellow. Branches pendulous. * 10 Mather’s victory. Fruit large, obovate. dulous. 11 Forester’s Lord Combermere. Fruit large, obovate. 12 Saunder’s Napoleon. Fruit large, obovate. 13 Costerdine’s Champion Goliath. Fruit large, oblong; smooth, golden yellow. Branches pendulous. 14 Large yellow. Fruit obovate, middle-sized, golden yellow, smooth. Branches pendulous. 15 Gorton’s viper. Fruit large, obovate, golden yellow, smooth. Branches pendulous. 16 Long yellow. Fruit large, oblong, golden yellow. Fruit large, obovate. Branches Fruit large, roundish, oblong. Fruit middle-sized, turbinate. Branches pen- * * Fruit yellow, hairy, or downy. 17 Capper’s bottom sawyer. Fruit large, obovate, downy. 18 Lister’s Britannia. Fruit large, obovate, downy. 19 Hopley’s globe. Fruit large, round, hairy. Branches pendulous. 20 Glory of England, Fruit large, obovate, downy. Branches pendulous. 21 Golden bees. Fruit small, oblong. Branches pendulous. 22 Jackson's golden orange. Fruit large, oblong, Branches pendulous. : 23 Bratherston’s golden sovereign. Fruit large, roundish, hairy. 24 Hill’s golden gourd. Fruit large, oblong, hairy. Branches pendulous. 25 Hilton's Kilton, Kilton hero. yellow, hairy. Branches pendulous. 26 Blomerley’s John Bull. Fruit large, obovate, downy: Branches pendulous, 27 Ranger. Fruit small, roundish, hairy. Branches pendulous. 28 Sparklet. Fruit small, obovate, downy. 29 Hallon’s Trafalgar. Fruit large, oblong, hairy. Branches pendulous. 80 Waverham’s yellow. pendulous. 31 Weedham’s delight. § 2. * Fruit yellow, smooth. 82 Yellow ball. Fruit middle-sized, roundish.* 83 Blithfield. Fruit small, round, late. 34 Clegg’s Tim Bobbin. Fruit middle-sized, oblong. 35 Old dark yellow. Fruit small, roundish. ie 36 White walnut. Fruit middle-sized, obovate, whitish yellowe Fruit large, oblong, golden Fruit middle-sized, oval. Branches Fruit large, oblong, hairy. Branches erect. GROSSULARIEZ. ** Fruit yellow, hairy, or downy. 37 Hebburn yellow aston. Fruit small, roundish, hairy.* 3 38 Yellow champagne, hairy amber. Fruit small, roundish, airy. 39 Catlon’s conquering hero. Fruit large, oblong, coarse, hairy. 40 Heap's conquering girl. Fruit large, oblong, hairy. 41 Golden drop, golden lemon. 42 Part’s golden fleece. Fruit large, oval, hairy. 43 Sulphur, rough yellow. Fruit small, roundish, hairy.* 44 Early sulphur, golden ball, golden bull. Fruit middle- sized, roundish-oblong, hairy. 45 Foster’s husbandman. Fruit large, obovate, downy. 46 Heywood’s invincible. Fruit large, roundish-oblong, downy. 47 Hardcastle’s jolly gunner, royal gunner. Fruit large, oblong, hairy. 48 Prophet's regulator. 49 Rumbullion, yellow globe, round yellow. roundish, downy. 50 Smooth yellow. Fruit small, roundish, downy.* 51 Williamson’s yellow hornet. Fruit small, ovate, downy. 52 Yellowsmith. Fruit small, roundish-oblong, hairy.* 53 Kelk’s yellow. Fruit middle-sized, oblong, downy. Fruit large, roundish, hairy. Fruit small, Ill. Fruit white, or greenish white. § 1. * Fruit smooth, white. Branches erect. 1 Cranshan’s ambush. Fruit large, obovate, white. 2 White Damson. Fruit small, roundish.* 3 Honey white. Fruit middle-sized, roundish-oblong. 4 Hoslam’s smiling yellow. Fruit large, roundish-oblong. 5 Cook's white eagle. Fruit large, obovate.* 6 Lovart’s Queen Caroline. Fruit middle-sized, obovate. * * Fruit greenish white, hairy, or downy. 7 Large early white. Fruit large, obovate, downy.* 8 Sampson's Queen Ann. Fruit large, oval, downy. 9 Peers’s Queen Charlotte. Fruit middle-sized, oblong, hairy.* 10 Morris's Queen Mary. Fruit middle-sized, ovate, downy. 11 Trueman. Fruit large, obovate, hairy. *** Fruit white, hairy, or downy. 12 Bonny landlady, noble landlady. Fruit large, oblong. : 13 Hopley’s lady of the manor. Fruit large, roundish-oblong, airy. 14 White lion, Fruit large, obovate, hairy. 15 Stringer’s maid of the mill. Fruit middle-sized, obovate, downy. 16 Marchioness of Downshire. hairy. 17 Early rough white. Fruit large, oval, hairy. 18 Saunder’s royal rock getter, Andrews’s royal rock getter. Fruit large, obovate, downy. 19 White royal. Fruit small, round, hairy. 20 Compton's Sheba Queen. Fruit large, obovate, downy.* 5 21 Wellington’s glory. Fruit large, roundish-oblong, downy. 22 Moore's white bear. Fruit large, obovate, hairy.* 23 Nixon's white heart. Fruit middle-sized, heart-shaped, hairy. 24 White lily. Fruit middle-sized, obovate, downy. : 25 Woodward's whitesmith, Sir Sidney Smith, Hall's seedling, Lancashire lass, Grundy’s Lady Lillford. Fruit large, roundish- oblong, downy. : : sa 26 Taylor's bright Venus. Fruit middle-sized, obovate, hairy. 27 White champagne. Fruit small, roundish-oblong, hairy. Fruit middle-sized, oblong, I. Rises. 181 28 Saunder’s Cheshire lass. Fruit large, oblong, downy.* 29 Hedgehog. Fruit middle-sized, roundish, hairy.* § 2. Branches spreading or pendulous. * Fruit smooth, white. 30 Crystal. Fruit small, roundish, * 31 White fig. Fruit small, obovate, * 32 Parkinson's first rate. Fruit large, oval. 33 Leigh’s fudler. Fruit middle-sized, oblong. Branches pen- dulous. 34 Great Britain. Fruit large, oblong, greenish white. 35 White rasp. Fruit small, round. 36 Brundrett’s white rock. Fruit large, obovate. pendulous. we Diggles’s wanton. Fruit middle-sized, roundish, greenish white. 38 Denny's Victoria. Fruit large, obovate, greenish white. Branches ** Fruit greenish white, smooth, 39 Stringer’s dusty miller. Fruit middle-sized, obovate. Branches pendulous. 40 Great Britain. 41 Denny's Vittoria. dulous. Fruit large, oblong. Branches pendulous. Fruit large, obovate. Branches pen- ** ® Fruit white, hairy, or downy. 42 Capper’s bonny lass. Fruit large, oblong, hairy. 43 White crystal. Fruit small, roundish, hairy or downy. * 44 Early white. Fruit middle-sized, roundish, downy. * 45 Grundy’s fowler. Fruit middle-sized, obovate, downy. 46 Large white. Fruit middle-sized, oval, downy. 47 Smith's radical. Fruit large, roundish-oblong, hairy. Branches pendulous. 48 Irish white raspberry. Fruit small, round, hairy. 49 Cleworth’s white hon. Fruit large, obovate, downy. Branches pendulous. * . #*** Fruit greenish white, hairy or downy. 50 Counsellor Brougham. Fruit large, oblong, downy. 51 Bratherton’s governess. Fruit large, roundish-oblong, hairy. 52 Princess royal. Fruit large, obovate, hairy. Branches pendulous. * 53 Leigh’s toper, Fox’s toper. Branches pendulous. 54 Taylor's speedwell. pendulous. Fruit large, oblong, downy. Fruit large, oblong, hairy. Branches IV. Fruit red. § 1. Branches spreading or pendulous. * Fruit hairy or downy. 1 Alexander. Fruit large, obovate, hairy. 2 Hamlets beauty of England. Fruit large, oblong, hairy. 3 Waverham’s black bullfinch. Fruit middle-sized, obovate, dark red, downy. 4 Shipley’s black prince. Fruit middle-sized, roundish, downy, deep red. 5 Boardman’s British crown. Fruit large, roundish, hairy. 6 Williams’s conqueror. Fruit large, obovate, hairy. 7 Melling’s crown bob. Fruit large, oblong, hairy. * 8 Worthington’s defiance. Fruit large, obovate, hairy. Branches pendulous. 9 Earl Grosvenor. Fruit large, obovate, downy. Branches pendulous. 182 10 Early black. Branches pendulous. 11 Early rough red. Fruit small, roundish-oblong. 12 Berry’s farmer’s glory. Fruit large, obovate, downy. Branches pendulous. * 13 Smith's favourite. hairy. 14 Glory of Oldham. Fruit middle-sized, oblong, hairy. 15 Jronmonger, hairy black. Fruit small, roundish, hairy. 16 Jackson’s slim. Fruit middle-sized, obovate, dark red, downy. 17 Keens’s seedling, Keens’s seedling Warrington. Fruit mid- dle-sized, oblong. Branches pendulous. * 18 Bratherton’s Lord of the Manor. Fruit large, roundish, hairy. * 19 Knight’s Marquis of Stafford. Fruit large, roundish-ob- long, hairy. * 20 Wrights matchless. red, hairy. 21 Miss Bold, pigeon’s egg. Fruit middle-sized, roundish, downy, dark red, early. * 22 Bratherton’s over-all. Fruit large, oblong, hairy. Branches pendulous. 23 Bratherton’s pastime. red. Branches pendulous. ba Raspberry, nutmeg. Fruit small, roundish, hairy, dark red: t, 25 Red Mogul. Fruit small, roundish, hairy. * 26 Large redoval. Fruit large, oval, hairy. * 27 Red rose. Fruit large, oblong, downy. dulous. * 28 Red Smith. Fruit middle-sized, oval, downy. 29 Acherley’s Rodney. Fruit middle-sized, obovate, downy. Branches pendulous. 30 Rough red, little red hairy, old Scotch red, thick skinned red. Fruit small, round, hairy. * 31 Small dark rough red, small rough red. Fruit small, round, hairy. * 32 Royal oak. Fruit middle-sized, roundish, hairy. * 33 Small red. Fruit small, round, hairy. * 34 Cappers top sawyer. Fruit large, roundish, hairy, pale red. Branches pendulous. 35 Denny’s triumphant. Fruit large, obovate, hairy. Branches pendulous. 36 Lomas’s victory. Fruit large, roundish, hairy. Branches pendulous. 37 Red walnut, Murrey, Eckersley’s double bearing, Ashton red. Fruit middle-sized, obovate, downy, early. 38 Warrington red, Aston, volunteer. Fruit large, roundish- oblong, hairy. Branches pendulous. This is one of the best, and hangs late. * 39 Knight's warrior. Branches pendulous. 40 Wilmot’s late superb. Branches large, roundish-oblong, hairy. Fruit middle-sized, oblong, dark red. Fruit middle-sized, roundish-oblong, Fruit middle-sized, oblong, dark- Fruit large, roundish, hairy, dark Branches pen- Fruit large, ovate, downy, pale red. **® Fruit smooth, red. 41 Gerard's Ajax. Fruit large, roundish. 42 Red ball. Fruit small, roundish. 43 Claret. Fruit small, roundish. 44 Worthington’s conqueror. Fruit large, obovate. Branches pendulous, 45 Rival’s emperor Napoleon. Fruit large, obovate. Branches pendulous. 46 Whitton’s glory. Fruit middle-sized, oblong, dark red. 47 Hooper's great captain. Fruit large, oblong. GROSSULARIE#. I, Rises. 48 Ambersley hero. Fruit large, oblong, dark red. 49 Jagg’s red. Fruit large, roundish. Branches pendulous, 50 Eckersley’s jolly printer. Fruit large, oblong, dark red. 51 Brannlie nutmeg. Fruit small, obovate. 52 Rider’s Old England. Fruit large, roundish-oblong, dark red. Branches pendulous. 53 Boardman’s Prince Regent. red. 54 Red Turkey, smooth red. Fruit small, obovate.* 55 Ward’s Richmond Hill. Fruit large, obovate, dark red. Branches pendulous. 56 Johnsons ringleader. dulous. 57 Farrows roaring lion, great chance. Fruit very large, ob- long. Branches pendulous. 58 Saint John. Fruit middle-sized, obovate. 59 Rider’s scented lemon. Fruit large, obovate. * 60 Greaves’s Smolensko. Fruit large, obovate. pendulous. 61 Chadwick's sportsman. Fruit large, obovate, dark red. 62 Bratherton’s whipper-in. Fruit large, oblong, dark red. Branches pendulous. 63 Wilmot’s early red. Fruit large, roundish-oblong, dark red. Branches pendulous. 64 Wilmot’s seedling red. Fruit large, oblong, dark red. 65 Walkers Bank of England. Fruit large, obovate. Branches pendulous. Fruit Jarge, roundish, dark Fruit large, oblong. Branches pen- Branches § 2. Branches erect. * Fruit smooth, red. 66 Small red globe, smooth Scotch. Fruit small, roundish. * ** Fruit red, hairy or downy. 67 Brundrett’s atlas, Brundit’s atlas. Fruit large, oblong, hairy. 68 Barton’s red. Fruit middle-sized, roundish, hairy- 69 Red Champagne, red Turkey, countess of Errol, Lronmon- ger of many. Fruit small, roundish-oblong, hairy. A fruit of unequalled richness. * 70 Dakins’s black. Fruit middle-sized, oblong, dark red. A bad bearer. 71 Large red globe. 72 Barton’s hairy red. bearer. ; : 73 Bratherton’s huntsman, Speechley’s rough red. Fruit large, roundish, hairy. A good bearer. 74 Irish plum. Fruit middle-sized, roundish, hairy. 75 Hopley’s jubilee. Fruit large, roundish, hairy, dark red. 76 Allcock’s king. Fruit large, roundish, hairy, dark red, 77 Lad Hartshorn’s Lancashire. Fruit large, roundish, hairy, dark red. A good bearer. 78 Little John. Fruit small, oblong, hairy, dark red. ; 79 Beaumont’s red. Fruit middle-sized, roundish, hairy. i 80 Leigh's rifleman, Allcock’s Duke of York, Yates’s roy” Ann. Fruit large, roundish, hairy. A good bearer, and late. 81 Rob Roy. Fruit middle-sized, obovate, hairy. 82 Scarlet transparent. Fruit small, roundish, bad bearer. aes 83 Scotch best jam, dumpling. Fruit small, hairy, roundish. 84 Denny’s Shakspeare. Fruit large, roundish, hairy. al 85 Mellor’s Sir Francis Burdett. Fruit large, obovate, p# red. 86 Hampson’s Tantarara. downy. * ee 87 Speechley’s Yaxley hero. Fruit large, obovate, hairy. - Fruit large, roundish, hairy. Fruit small, roundish, hairy. A good hairy. A Fruit middle-sized, obovate, GROSSULARIEZ, Selection of sorts.—‘ It must be admitted,” Neill observes, “that although large gooseberries make a fine appearance on the table, they are often deficient in flavour when compared with some of smaller size. Many of them have very thick strong skins, and are not eatable unless thoroughly ripened. Some of the large sorts, however, are of very good quality, such as the red Champagne and the green walnut, &c. For culinary use in the month of May, Wilmot’s early red is larger and better than most others, the skin not being tough, and the whole berry melt- ing to a fine consistence.” Forsyth very judiciously recommends cultivating the early and late sorts, in order to prolong the sea- son of this fruit. But the best way of selecting sorts for any particular purpose is from the list given above, where those that are of particular excellence are marked by an asterisk. Propagation.—The gooseberry may be propagated by all the modes applicable to trees or shrubs, even by pieces of the roots ; but the mode by cuttings is usually adopted for continuing varieties, and that by seeds for procuring them. By seeds.—The scientific mode of impregnating one variety with another has, we believe, not been applied to this fruit. In general the seed of some choice variety, thoroughly ripe, is taken and sown in autumn or early in spring, in beds or pots of rich light mellow earth; when the plants are a year old, they are planted out in nursery rows, to be cultivated and trained there a year or two; in general they will bear the third year. By preparing for the best of these seedlings a very rich soil, and by watering, shading, and thinning the fruit, the largest sorts have been obtained. Not content with watering at the roots and over the top, the Lancashire connoisseur, when he is growing for ex- hibition, places a small saucer of water immediately under each gooseberry, only 3 or 4 of which he leaves on the tree. This is technically called suckling. He also pinches off a great part of the young wood, so as to throw all the strength he can into the fruit. By cuttings.—Miller says, the best season for planting goose- berry cuttings is in autumn, just before their leaves begin to fall. The cuttings should be taken from bearing shoots, rather than from those that issue from the main stem, Cut them to such a length as the strength and ripeness of the wood will bear, and cut off all the buds, excepting three, or at most four at top, and train the plants with a single stem of 9 inches or a foot high, from the top of which the branches should radiate upwards at an angle of 40°, or better if 45°. Haynes advises taking off cut- tings in July, when the fruit is on the bush, in order to make sure of the sorts. He says, by immediate planting, watering, and shading, as good plants are produced as from ripe wooded cuttings. Treat. of the gooseberry, &c. p. 29. = Soil and site.—Any good garden soil, ona dry bottom, and well manured, will suit the gooseberry. That which is soft and moist produces the largest fruit. The situation should not be under the drip of trees, over much shaded or confined, other- wise the fruit will be small, ill flavoured, and the plants apt to mildew. Forsyth says, gooseberries should be dunged every year, or at least have a good coat of dung once in two years. Haynes recommends a mixture of peat and loam well manured, and a shaded situation. The last he proposes to effect by plant- ing among his quarters of gooseberries, rows of Jerusalem arti- chokes in the direction of east and west. ies Final planting.—“ The season for planting gooseberries is any time during open weather, from October till March. When trees are procured from the public nurseries, choose such as are in some advanced state, about 3 years’ growth, with pretty full heads, for immediate plentiful bearers. Let the general supply be in standard bushes, and plant principally in the kitchen garden, in single rows along the boundary edges of the main quarters or outward borders, from 6 to 8 feet apart, or some I, Rises. 183 may be planted in cross rows, to subdivide extensive quarters. When the object is to raise large quantities of fruit, plantations are made in continued parallel rows, 8 or 10 feet asunder, by 6 feet in the row. It would be eligible to plant a few choice sorts against south and other sunny walls or paling, for earlier and larger fruit; and on north walls to ripen late in succession.” Abercrombie. Forsyth says, “The market gardeners about London plant them in rows, from 8 to 10 feet apart from row to row, and 6 feet from plant to plant in the rows. In small gar- dens I would recommend planting them in quarters by them- selves, at the distance of 6 feet between the rows, and 4 feet from plant to plant; or you may plant them round the edges of the quarters about 3 feet from the path; you will then have the ground clear for cropping, and a man, by setting one foot on the border, can gather the gooseberries without injuring the crop.” Neil says, “ In some places gooseberry bushes on the sides of the borders, are trained to a single tall stem, which is tied toa stake ; this, though 6 or 8 feet high, occasions scarcely any shade on the border, and it does not occupy much room, nor exclude air; while, at the same time, the stem becomes close hung with berries, and makes a pleasant appearance in that state.” Edinb. encyel. art. hort. § 161. Maher observes (Hort. trans. 2. p. 146.) “ that as the crop of ripe fruit is often injured by having the largest and earliest berries prematurely gathered, whilst green, for tarts, a sufficient number of trees of such varieties as are earliest should be planted in a separate quarter of the garden, and devoted exclusively to the use of the kitchen, for tarts and sauce.” Mode of bearing.—‘ The gooseberry produces its fruit not only on the shoots of last summer, and on shoots 2 or 3 years’ old, but also on spurs or snags arising from the elder branches along the sides; but the former afford the largest fruit. The shoots retained for bearers should therefore be left at full length or nearly so.” Abercrombie. Pruning.—* The bushes will require a regular pruning twice in the year.” Summer pruning.—‘ Where any bushes are crowded with cross and water shoots of the same year, shading the fruit from the sun, and preventing the access of air, thin the heart of the plant and other tufted parts moderately, pinching off or cutting out close what spray is removed; but do not touch the summer shoots in general. Maher says, it will greatly contribute to the perfection of the fruit, if the very small berries are taken away with a pair of scissors about the middle or end of May; and these small berries will be found quite as good for sauce or gooseberry cream as the larger.” Winter pruning.—“ You may proceed to the winter pruning any time from November until the end of February, or until the buds are so swelled, that further delay would endanger their being rubbed off in the operation. Cut out the cross-shoots and water-shoots of the preceding summer, and the superfluous among crowded branches. Prune long ramblers and low strag- glers to some well placed lateral or eye ; or if any under straggler spring very low, cut it away. Of last year’s shoots retain a sufficiency of the best well-placed laterals and terminals in vacant parts, to form successional bearers, and to supply the places of unfruitful and decayed old-wood, which, as you pro- ceed, should be removed. Mostly retain a leading shoot at the end of the principal branch, leaving it either naturally terminal, or, where the branch would thus be too extended, pruning in some competent lateral within bounds. The superfluous young laterals on the good main branches, instead of being taken off clean, may be cut into little stubs of one or two eyes; which will send out fruit-buds and spurs. Of the supply reserved for new bearers, a small number will probably require shortening, where too extended, or curved incommodiously ; leave these from 8 to 184 12 inches in length, according to strength and situation; those of moderate extent and regular growth will require very little shortening, and many none at all. Observe, too close cutting or general shortening, occasions a great superfluity of wood in summer; for the multiplied laterals thus forced from the eyes of the shortened branches, increase to a thicket, so as to retard the growth, and prevent the full ripening of the fruit; on which account it is an important part of pruning to keep the middle of the head open and clear, and to let the occasional shortening of the shoot be sparing and moderate. Between the bearing branches keep a regular distance of at least 6 inches at the ex- tremities, which will render them fertile bearers of good fruit. Some persons, not pruning the gooseberry bush on right prin- ciples, are apt to leave the shoots excessively close and tufted, while they shorten the whole promiscuously ; others sometimes clip them with garden shears to close round heads; in conse- quence of being pruned in these methods, the bushes shoot crowdedly, full of young wood in summer, from which the fruit is always very small, and does not ripen freely with full flavour.” Forsyth says, “ Many of the Lancashire sorts are apt to grow hori- zontally, and the branches frequently trail on the ground, which renders them liable to be broken by high winds, especially when they are loaded with fruit. In that case I would recommend 2 or 3 hoops to be put round them, to which the branches may be tied to support them, and prevent their being broken by the wind.” S. Jeeves has tried training gooseberries on an arched trellis in the manner of a berceau or arbour-walk. For this purpose he plants in rows, 54 feet apart, and the plants 3 feet distant in the row. He chooses the strongest growing kinds, and trains 4 branches at 9 inches distance from each plant, till they meet at the top. The advantages of this plan are beauty of appearance, fruit not splashed by rain, easily gathered, and the ground more readily cultivated. Insects and diseases, &c.—The caterpillars of saw-flies (Ten- thredinide, Leach), of butterflies (Papilia, Lin.), and of moths (Phaleena, Lin.), are well known as serious enemies to goose- berries. The larvee of the Tenthredinidz have from 16 to 20 feet, a round head, when touched they will roll themselves to- gether. They feed on the leaves of the gooseberry, apple, and most fruit trees, as well as on roses, and other shrubs and plants. When full grown they make, sometimes in the earth, and some- times between the leaves of the plants on which they feed, a net-work case, which, when complete, is strong and gummy, and in that change to the pupa incomplete, which for the most part remains during the winter in the earth. The perfect fly emerges early in the ensuing spring; its serrated sting is used by the female in the manner of a saw, to make incisions in the twigs or stems of plants, where it deposits its eggs. The Cale- donian Horticultural Society having requested information re- specting the best method of preventing or destroying the cater- pillar on gooseberries, received various communications on the subject, and the following are extracts from such as they deemed fit for publication. J. Gibb describes the large black, the green, and the white caterpillar, with his methods of destroying them :— “ During the winter months the large black kind may be ob- served lying in clusters on the under parts, and in the crevices of the bushes; and even at this season (Feb.) I find them in that state. In the course of 8 or 10 days, however, if the weather be favourable, they will creep up in the day time, feed on the buds, and return to their nest during the night. When- ever leaves appear upon the bushes they feed upon them till they arrive at maturity, which is generally in the month of June; after which they creep down upon the under sides of the branches, where they lodge till the crust or shell is formed over them. In July they become moths, and lay their eggs on the under GROSSULARIEZ. I. Rises. side of the leaves and bark. The produce of these eggs, coming into life during the month of September, feed on the leaves so long as they are green, and afterwards gather together in clusters on the under side of the branches, and in the crevices of the bark, where they remain all the winter, as already said. Winter is the most proper time for attacking this sort with success, as their destruction is most effectually accomplished by the simple operation of pouring a quantity of boiling-hot water upon them from a watering-pan, while no injury is thereby done to the bushes. “ The green sort are at present (February) in the shelly state, lying about an inch under ground. In April they come out small flies, and immediately lay their eggs on the veins and under sides of the leaves. pillars in May, which feed on the leaves till June or July, when they cast a blackish kind of skin, and afterwards crawl down from the bushes into the earth, where a crust or shell grows over them, and in that state they continue till the following April. The only method which I have hitherto found effectual for destroying these is, Ist, to dig the ground around the bushes very deep during the winter season, by which means the greater part of them are destroyed, or buried too deep ever to penetrate to the surface ; 2ndly, in April, when the flies make their ap- pearance, to pick off all the leaves on which any eggs are ob- servable; this is a tedious operation, but may be done by chil- dren. If any of the enemy should escape both these operations, they will be discernible as soon as they come into life, by their eating holes through the leaves, and may then easily be de- stroyed, without the least injury to the bushes or fruit. “ The white kind, otherwise called borers, are not so nume- rous as the other kinds, though very destructive; they bore the berry, and cause it to drop off; they preserve themselves during the winter season in the chrysalis state, about an inch under ground, and become flies nearly at the same time with the last mentioned kind ; they lay their eggs on the blossoms, and these eggs produce young caterpillars in May, which feed on the ber- ries till they are full grown, and then creep down into the earth, where they remain for the winter in the shelly state.” Caled. mem. vol. 1. Macmurray, in autumn, pours a little cow urine around the stem of each bush, as much as suffices merely to moisten the ground. The bushes which were treated in this manner re- mained free of caterpillars for two years; while those that were neglected or intentionally passed over, in the same compart- ment, were totally destroyed by the depredations of the in- sects. A layer of sea-weed laid on in autumn, and dug in m the spring had the (same effect for one year. Caled. mem. vol. 1. - 95. R. Elliot says, “ take 6 pounds of black currant leaves, and as many of elder leaves, and boil them in 12 gallons of so water; then take 14 pounds of hot lime, and put it in 12 gal- lons of water; mix them altogether; then wash the infes - bushes with the hand engine ; after that is done, take a ma hot lime, and lay it at the root of each bush that has been washed, which completes the operation. By these means you com pletely destroy the caterpillars, without hurting the foliage. h dull day is to be preferred to any other for washing. When thé foliage is all off the bushes, wash them over with the hand be gine to clean them of decayed leaves ; for this purpose any $0" of water will do; then stir up the surface of the earth all roun ` the roots of the bushes, and lay a little hot lime about them to destroy the eggs. This I have never found to fail of success since the first trial, 6 years ago. The above mentioned propor tion of leaves, lime, and water, will serve for 2 acres of groun or more, covered with bushes or trees in the ordinary ne and will cost very little money indeed. The same proportio? These eggs produce young cater- GROSSULARIEZ. I. Rises. to be observed in making a wash for the rest of the trees or bushes.” J. Machray procured some tobacco and soft or black soap, and boiled a quarter of a pound of tobacco with the one pound of soft soap in about 18 scotch pints of water ; and kept stirring the liquid while boiling with a whisk, in order to dissolve the soap ; this liquor, when milk-warm, or so cool as not to hurt the foliage, he applied to the bushes with a hand-squirt, in the evening, and in the morning found all the ground under the bushes covered with dead caterpillars. This practice he con- tinued for six years, always when he saw any symptoms of the approach of caterpillars. J. Tweedie, in the course of any of the winter months, pares all the earth from under the bushes to the depth of about 3 inches, into a flat ridge betwixt the rows; and on the first dry day following, either treads, beats, or rolls these ridges, and trenches the whole down 14 or 2 spades deep, observing to tread the foul earth into the bottom of the trench. Forsyth’s method is as follows: “ Take some sifted quick- lime, and lay it under the bushes, but do not at first let any of it touch the branches or leaves ; then shake each bush suddenly and smartly, and the caterpillars will fall into the lime; if the bush be not shaken suddenly, the caterpillars, on being a little disturbed, will take so firm a hold as not easily to be shaken off. After this is done, sift some of the lime over the bushes; this will drive down those which may have lodged on the branches. The caterpillars ought to be swept up next day, and the bushes well washed with clear lime-water mixed with urine; this will destroy any caterpillars that may still remain, and also the aphides, if there are any on the bushes.” Of all the methods for destroying caterpillars mentioned above, Gibb’s appears to us the only plan on which any reliance can be placed. Taking the crop.—“ From gooseberries being useful for dif- ferent purposes, both in a green and in a mature state, and from the compass of time afforded by early and late sorts, they are in season in great request 4 or 5 months in summer, from April till September. The early sorts on south walls come in for gathering in small green berries for tarts, &c. in April or early in May, and attain maturity in June. From common standard bushes an abundant supply is yielded in May and June of goose- berries in‘a green state; and in proportion as part is reserved to ripen, a succession, in full size and maturity, is obtained in June, July, and August. Some late kinds, either planted in shady situations, or shielded with mats from the sun in their ripening state, continue good on the bush till September.” Prolonging the crop.—In addition to planting late sorts in shady situations, the bushes, whether standards or trained, may be matted over when the fruit is ripe, and in this way some of the reds, as the Warrington, and the thick-skinned yellow sorts, as the Mogul, will keep on the trees till Christmas. Forcing.—The gooseberry may be forced in pots or boxes placed in pits, or in the peach-house or vinery. The plants in pots or boxes, are placed in pits, or in the peach-house in January, and has ripe fruit in the end of April, which is sent to table growing on the bush. Common Gooseberry. Fl. March, April. Britain. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. * Flowers red. 18 R. speciosum (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. append. 731 3 shrub bristly and prickly ; spines tripartite ; leaves roundish-oval, 3-5-lobed, obtuse; peduncles few-flowered; bracteas broadly ovate; calyx cylindrical, 4-parted, with erect glandular seg- ments ; germens and pedicels beset with glandular bristles. h . H. Native of North California and Monterrey, and Mexico. Sweet, fl. gard. second ser. t.149. Lindl, bot. reg. vol. 18. with a figure. R. VOL. Ill. 185 stamineum, Smith in Rees’ cycl. R. triacantha, Menzies. R. fuch- sioìdes, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Flowers large, scar- let, pendulous, very like those of a Fuchsia. Stamens much ex- serted ; style long, entire; petals cuneate, inserted on the very short tube of the calyx, the margins involute. Fruit hispid. (f 32.) Showy Gooseberry. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1824. Sh. 4 to 5 ft. 19 R. Menzies (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. append. p. 732.) plant very prickly ; spines tripar- tite; leaves cordate, truncate at the base, 5-lobed, serrated, wrinkled from veins, clothed with pubescence beneath; peduncles usually 1-flowered; calyx cy- lindrically campanulate, deeply 5-parted, glandular ; stamens 5, inclosed ; style a little exserted ; germens and peduncles prickly. h. H. Native of North California, at Port Trinidad. R. férox, Smith in Rees’ cycl. The present species and the preceding are very showy plants, from their large bright red or crimson glan- dular flowers, and may be considered as holding the same rank among the gooseberries as R. sanguineum does among the cur- rants. Menzies’s Gooseberry. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. Secr. II. Borryca’rpum (from Borpve, botrys, a raceme, and kaproc, karpos, a fruit; fruit disposed in racemes). This is an intermediate section between sect. 1. Grossuldria, and sect. 3. Ribèsia, having the prickles of the former, and racemose flowers and small fruit of the latter. R. lacústre, no. 9. ought probably to have been placed in this section. 20 R. Ortenta‘te (Poir. encycl. suppl. 2. p. 856.) plant rather prickly ; leaves 3-5-lobed, orbicularly somewhat reniform, cut, hairy ; lobes rather deep, obtuse ; petioles hairy ; racemes erectish, few-flowered ; bracteas longer than the flowers; style bifid at the apex. k.H. Native of Syria. Desf. arb. 2. p. 88. Flowers greenish yellow: Fruit like those of the currant. Eastern Gooseberry. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1824. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 21 R. saxa’tite (Pall. nov. act. petr. x. p. 276.) prickles scattered; leaves roundish-cuneiform, bluntly 3-lobed; racemes erect; bracteas linear, shorter than the pedicels; calyx flat, sca- brous ; petals small, of a livid green colour. k. H. Native of Siberia. Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 239. R. alpinum, Sievers in Pall. nord. beytr. 7. p. 345.? Flowers small, greenish purple. Petals spatulate. Berries smooth, globose, bractless, dark pur- ple, when mature full of edible pulp, rarely so large as common currants, and like them. Rock Gooseberry. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1819. 5 feet. 22 R. piaca’ntHA (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 157.) prickles twin, sti- pular; leaves cuneiform, tripartite, quite glabrous, shorter than the petioles ; lobes toothed ; racemes long, erect; flowers on long pedicels ; bracteas length of flowers; sepals roundish, yel- lowish ; petals small, roundish. h, H. Native of Dahuria and Siberia. Berl. l. c. t. 2. f. 8. Pall. fl. ross. 2. p. 36. t, 66. append. no. 79. t. 2. f. 2. Berries about the size of currants, red, of a sweetish acid taste. Two-spined Gooseberry. Fl. May, June. 4 to 5 feet. Secr. III. Rree'sta (an alteration from Ribes). Shrubs un- armed (f. 33.). Racemes for the most part many-flowered (f.33.). Leaves plicate. Calyx campanulate (f. 33. b.), or cylindrical. B B Shrub 4 to Clt. 1781. Shrub 186 * Flowers greenish or greenish-yellow. 23 R. arp! num (Lin. spec. 291.) leaves 3-5-lobed, obtuse, shining beneath, pilose above ; racemes erect, rather crowded ; bracteas lanceolate, ventricose, bearing a few glands, usually longer than the flowers ; petals minute, almost abortive ; anthers more or less nearly sessile; styles joined. h.H. Native of Europe and Siberia, on the Alps; in Britain, in woods, in the north of England; near Bradford, Yorkshire; near Ripon and in Durham; also of Scotland, but rare. Smith, engl, bot. 704. Fl. dan. t. 698. Jacq. aust. 1. t. 47. Flowers greenish-yellow. Berries red, elliptic, mucilaginous and insipid. Var. a, stérile (Wallr. sched. p. 108.) flowers flat, destitute of the germ, fugaceous; racemes dense, many-flowered ; anthers nearly sessile, bearing pollen, acute. R. dioicum, Mcench. meth. p. 683. Var. B, bacciferum (Wallr. 1. c.) flowers somewhat hypocrate- riform ; racemes few-flowered ; anthers distinctly pedicellate, but imperfect; style hardly semibifid ; germ large. Cultivated in gardens. Var. y, pùmilum (Lindl. in hort. trans. 7. p. 244.) in every respect the same as the species, but not one-third the size, never exceeding 3 feet. Alpine Currant. Fl. April, May. Britain. Shrub 3 to 6 ft. 24 R. resindsum (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 163.) all parts of the shrub are full of resinous glands; leaves 3-5-lobed, roundish ; racemes erect ; calyx flattish ; petals bluntly rhom- boid; bracteas linear, longer than the pedicels. h. H. Native of North America, on the mountains. Sims, bot. mag. 1583. Berl. 1. c. t. 2. f. 10. Flowers greenish yellow. Berry hairy, red? Perhaps the flowers are dioecious. Very like R. alpinum. Resinous Currant. FI. April, May. Clt. 1800. Sh. 3to5 ft. 25 R. citia‘tum (Willd. mss. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 500.) plant beset with glands; leaves 5-lobed, deeply cor- date, doubly crenate-serrated, ciliated, glabrous above, but hairy on the nerves and veins beneath; lobes acute ; petioles beset with glandular hairs; racemes solitary. h. H. Native of Mexico, on the burning mount Jorullo, at the elevation of 1500 feet. R. Jorullénse, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 61. Nearly allied to R. macrobòtrys. Ciliated Currant. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 26 R. macroso'rrys (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 12. t. 202. f. a.) leaves cordate, lobed, deeply serrated ; petioles ciliated at the base ; racemes very long, pendulous, hairy: bracteas linear- subulate, pilose, nearly the length of the pedicels ; calyxes ru- fescent ; petals small, red. h. G. Native of Peru, on the Andes, in groves. Berl. l. c. t. 2. f. 17. Berries greenish, hairy. Long-racemed Currant. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. 27 R. aLBròLUm (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p.12. t. 132. f. 6.) leaves rather cordate, deeply serrated; racemes twice the length of the leaves, pendulous ; bracteas spatulate, ciliated, length of pedicels; petals roundish, purplish; anthers nearly sessile. hk. H. Native of Peru, in groves about Munna. Berl. 1, c. t. 2. f. 18. Berries globose, rather hairy. Allied to R. ma- crobotrys. White-leaved Currant. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. 28 R. sractedsum (Dougl. mss. ex Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 232.) leaves on long petioles, cordate, deeply 5-7-lobed ; lobes acuminated, cut, doubly serrated, hispid above, but full of resinous dots beneath; racemes often terminal, at length re- flexed ; pedicels erectly spreading, pubescent, exceeding the spatulate bracteas; calyx rotate, glabrous ; petals minute, roundish; germens and berries full of resinous dots. pH. Native of the north-west coast of America, at the confluence of the Columbia with the ocean. This isa very remarkable and GROSSULARIEÆ. I. Rises. elegant shrub, with leaves nearly as large as, and resembling, those of the Sycamore ; these, as well as the fructified racemes, have a very strong resemblance to R. macrobdtrys ; but the flowers are widely different. Flowers purplish-yellow. Berries about the size of those of R. rùbrum. Bracteate Currant. Shrub 5 to 8 feet. 29 R. nirtum (Humb. et Bonpl. in Willd. herb. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 501.) leaves ovate, rather cordate, 3-lobed, reticulated beneath from hairy nerves and veins, and pale, but blackish green above; lobes deeply serrated, middle one the largest ; petioles pilose, glanduliferous, and somewhat tomentose; racemes reflexed; bracteas dentately ciliated; petals roundish- obovate ; styles bifid. h. G. Native of South America, in cold places on Mount Antisana, at the elevation of 300 feet. Berl. l.c. t. 2. f. 13. R. frigidum, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer, 6. p. 62. Flowers flesh-coloured. Berries hispid. Hairy Currant. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. P 30 R. rra'crans (Pall. nov. act. pet. 5. p. 377. t. 9.) leaves glabrous, on long petioles, 3-5-lobed, greener above than below; racemes erect, stiff; flowers campanulate, white, sweet-scented ; bracteas deciduous ; petals lanceolate, acute, spreading. h. H. Native of Siberia, on the higher mountains. Berries red, of a very sweet taste. From the under surface of the leaves exudes, in very frequent little yellow drops, a very fragrant balsamic resin, having a strong smell of the black currant. Fragrant Currant. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 31 R. procu’mBens (Pall. fl. ross. 2. p. 35. t. 65.) leaves bluntly lobed ; lobes serrated: lateral ones a little cut ; racemes erect; peduncles long, setaceous; segments of the limb of the flower pubescent, acute, of a livid purplish colour ; anthers hardly rising from the calyx. h. H. Native of Siberia, in moist shady places. Flowers flattish. Berries very grateful to the taste, rufescent when ripe. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 41. polycarpon, Gmel. syst. veg. p. 419. Procumbent Currant. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1804. Shrub pr. 32 R. prosrra‘rum (Lher. stirp. 1. p. 3. t. 2.) leaves deeply cordate, 5-7-lobed, glabrous ; lobes acute, cut, doubly serrated, naked on both surfaces ; racemes erect, loose, slender ; bracteas small, obtuse, much shorter than the pedicels, which are beset with glandular bristles; calyx rotate; germens and berries beset with glandular bristles. h. H. Native of Newfoundland; throughout Canada; and in woods on the Rocky Mountains. Berl. 1. c. t. 2. f£. 12. R. glanduldsum, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. p. 279. R. rigens, Bigel. fl. bost. ed. 2. p: 9: glandulo- sum, Richards. in Frankl. tst journ. ed. 2. append. P. T. R. laxiflòrum, Richards. in Frankl. 1st. journ. ed. 2. append. p- 7. Berries large, reddish. This is a very distinct species. Var. B; racemes pubescent; pedicels divaricate. h . H. Na- tive of the north-west coast of America. R. affine, Dougl. mss. R. laxiflòrum, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 731. Prostrate Currant. Fl. Apr. May. Clt. 1812. Shrub pt 33 R. trirroum (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 110.) leaves smoothish, moderately lobed; racemes loosely many-fowered, pubescent; flowers small; calycine segments rather trifid ; ber- ries hairy, red. h. H. Native of North America, near Quebec, and at Hudson’s Bay. Lobes of leaves acutish. Racemes weak, nearly like those of R. rubrum, but the flowers smaller. : Petals purplish, spatulate, rounded at the apex. Perhaps this 1s the same as R. prostratum. Trifid-calyxed Currant. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1823. Sh. pr 34 R. Taxa'rz (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 208.) leaves cor- date, 3-lobed, acuminated, doubly serrated, pubescent oti surfaces, as well as on the branches. h. H. Native of Nipau’s in Sirinagur. Leaves as large as those of the Sycamore. Flowers unknown. The bush is called Takare by the Nipaulese. Takare Currant. Shrub. GROSSULARIEZ. 35 R. mutiriorum (Kit. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p 493. but not of H. B. et Kunth) leaves 5-lobed, cordate, tomen- tose beneath ; racemes very long, pendulous, drooping ; bracteas shorter than the flowers; petioles length of leaves; petals wedge-shaped; styles bifid, and sometimes distinctly trifid. h.H. Native of Croatia. Sims, bot. mag. 2368. Berl. l. c. t 2. f. 11. R. spicdtum, Schultes, œstr, fl. ed. 1. p. 433. Many-flowered Currant. Fl, April, May. Clt, 1822. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 86 R. acumina rum (Wall. cat. no. 6834.) branches glabrous ; leaves glabrous above, but with a few scattered hairs beneath, 3-5-lobed ; lobes acuminated, serrated ; racemes axillary, erect ; peduncles pubescent; berries nodding; calyx campanulate ; pe- tals rounded at the apex. h. H. Native of Nipaul, on Sirmore and Emodi. Berries red, about the size of red currants. Acuminated-leaved Currant. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 37 R. spica‘rum (Robs. in Lin. trans. 3. p. 240. t. 21.) leaves roundish-cordate, 3-5-lobed, covered with soft pili above, and tomentum beneath ; racemes erect; flowers more or less pedi- cellate; bracteas obtuse, tomentose, much shorter than the pedicels ; sepals roundish-cuneated ; petals oblong ; styles bifid. h.H. Native of the North of England, in woods, near Rich- mond, in Yorkshire; and between Piersbridge and Gainford, Durham. Smith, engl. bot. 1290. Berl. l. c. t. 2. f.16. Ber- ries glabrous, globose, colour and taste of those of R. rabrum. The tree currant affords a fruit rather smaller and more acid than the common red currant; but by crossing and cultivation might, no doubt, be greatly improved; and from its compara- tively tree-like habits, might be a more convenient fruit shrub 1n respect to crops around it. Spiked-flowered Currant. Fl. April, May. Engl. Sh. 4 to 6 ft. 88 R. perrz'um (Wulf. in Jacq. misc. 2. p. 36.) leaves acu- minated, 3-5-lobed, rather cordate, deeply serrated, on long petioles, pilose above; racemes erect, crowded, rather pubes- cent; bracteas shorter than the pedicels ; sepals obtuse ; petals obcordate. h. H. Native of the Alps of Carinthia, Savoy, and on almost all the mountains of Europe. In England, near Eggleston and Conscliffe, in the county of Durham; and in Scots- wood Dean, Northumberland. Berl. l.c. t. 2. f. 14. Jacq. icon. l. t. 49. Smith, engl. bot. 705. R. alpinum, Delarb. auvergn. p. 166. Petals small, white. Berries large, deep red, with an acid taste. Fruiting racemes pendulous. The rock currant is sometimes called Woolly-leaved currant, and Red Marsh mallow- leaved currant. Rock Currant. Fl. May. England. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 89 R. ricens (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 110.) branches erect; leaves glabrous above, pubescent beneath, wrinkled reti- culately ; lobes and teeth acute ; racemes rather loose, many- flowered, when bearing the fruit stiffish and erect. h.H. Native of Canada, and the mountains of Pennsylvania. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 186. Berries red, hispid. Stifish-racemed Currant. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1812. Sh. 4 to 6 feet. 40 R. vittésum (Wall. cat. no. 6832.) branches pubescent; leaves nearly orbicular, cordate, bluntly 3-lobed, villous as well as the petioles; racemes erect, few-flowered. kh. H. Native of Sirinagur. Villous Currant. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 41 R. atpine’rvium (Michx. l. c.) leaves short, petiolate, deeply and acutely lobed, smoothish, with whitish nerves; ra- cemes recurved. k.H. Native of Canada, and on the Cats- kill Mountains, in the state of New York. Flowers small. Berries red, glabrous. White-nerved Currant. Fl. Apr. May. Clt.? Sh. 4 feet. 42 R. rusuzdsum (Eschscholtz, pl. calif. p. 281.) leaves cor- date, 3-lobed, clothed with white tomentose pubescence be- I, Rises. 187 neath; petioles angular, dilated at the base, and furnished with broad, dilated, jagged, membranous stipulas ; racemes ter- minal, erect ; bracteas entire, with glandular margins ; calycine segments short, roundish; petals oblong. p. H. Native of North California. Stem strigose, dark purple, pruinose ; branches angular, covered with setose, deciduous bark. Pedicels and germs dotted with white tomentum. Petals pale brown. Very nearly allied to R. albinérvium and R. sanguineum. Tubular-flowered Currant. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. 43 R. rupirLoRum (Meyer, in acad. Morou. vol. 7.) unarmed; hairs glandular, at length deciduous; adult leaves cordate, 5- lobed, pubescent beneath ; racemes somewhat spicate, terminal, drooping ; calyx tubular, pubescent, exceeding the bracteas ; petals nearly orbicular, h. H. Native of North California. Lube-flowered Currant. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. 44 R. Macetta’nicum (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 856.) stems rather prostrate: leaves 3-lobed, crenately undulated, glabrous be- neath, and paler ; racemes erectish, thick ; bracteas longer than the pedicels ; petals reflexed at the apex. h.H. Native of the Straits of Magellan. Magellan Currant. Shrub pr. 45 R. vuncra‘’rum (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 12. t. 283. f. a.) leaves 3-lobed, serrated, beset with resinous glands beneath, as well as on the bracteas ; racemes longer than the leaves, either drooping or erect; bracteas cuneate-oblong, obtuse, at length reflexed ; calyx campanulate, yellowish; berries oblong, hairy. h. F. Native of Chili, on hills. Petals small, yellow. Ber- ries red, dotted. Berl. 1. c. t. 2. f. 19. Lindl. bot. reg. 1278. Dotted-berried Currant. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1826, Sh. 3 to 4 feet. 46 R. viscdsum (Ruiz. et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 13.) leaves cor- date, 5-lobed, crenated, rough, clammy, 5-nerved; racemes short, simple, solitary; bracteas lanceolate, length of calyx. h. H. Native of Peru, on rocks. Corolla yellow. Calyx nearly of the same colour. Berries small, pale purple. Clammy Currant. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. 47 R. nerero’rricnum (Meyer, in Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 235. fl. alt. 1. p. 270.) stem erectish; leaves pubescent, bristly, and glandular, nearly orbicular, 3-lobed; lobes obtuse, toothed ; racemes erect; pedicels equal in length to the brac- teas ; calyx flat, pubescent ; berries puberulous, glandless, bract- less) h. H. Native of Altaia, on rocks at the foot of the mountains, on the west of Buchtorminsk, towards the river Kurtschum; also on the mountains in the Kirghisean Steppe. Calyx of a livid purple colour; petals purple, rounded, and entire at the apex. Berries almost like those of R. rubrum, but orange-coloured. Variable-haired Currant. Fl. April, May. Shrub 2 to 3 ft. 48 R. Carva’tuicum (Kit. in Schultes, oestr. fl. 2. ed. 1. p. 432. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 493.) stem erect ; leaves 5-lobed, cordate ; racemes pendulous, and are as well as the calyxes pubescent; petals flattish, smaller than the calyx. R. H. Native of the Carpathian mountains. R. acérrimum, Ro- chel. ex Roem. et Schultes, l. c. Perhaps only a variety of R. rubrum. Carpathian Currant. Shrub 4 feet. 49 R. ru'prom (Lin. spec. 290.) leaves cordate, bluntly 3-5- lobed, pubescent beneath, when young usually rather tomentose, glabrous above; racemes drooping; bracteas ovate, shorter than the pedicels; calyx flatly campanulate, spreading ; sepals obtuse ; petals obcordate; fruit quite glabrous. h. H. Na- tive of Europe and Siberia, in woods ; and throughout Canada to the mouth of the Mackenzie; in mountainous woods, espe-~ cially in the north of England and in Scotland, about the banks of rivers; undoubtedly wild on the banks of the Tees ; in the Isle of Isla, and in Culross woods, Scotland. Woodv. med. bot. Bb 2 188 GROSSULARIE®. t.74. Fl. dan. 967. Blackw. herb. t. 285. Smith, engl. bot. 1289. Flowers yellowish. Var. a, sylvéstre (D.C. fi. fr. 4. p. 406.) leaves and berries smaller ; lobes of leaves short. Var. B, horténse (D. C. 1. c.) leaves larger, sometimes varie- gated; berries sweeter and larger than in var. a. Cultivated in gardens. R. rubrum, Lois. nouv. dict. 3. Var. y, cárneum (Berl. mss. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 481.) leaves rather tomentose beneath ; sepals red; cells of anthers distant ; berries pale red. R. rdbrum domésticum #, baccis carneis, Wallr. sched. p. 106. Var. 6, variegatum (D. C. prod. 3. p. 481.) berries variegated. Wallr. l.c. Var. £, album (Desf. cat. bot. p. 164.) berries white. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 40. Wallr. sched. p. 106. Berl. l.c. t. 2. f. 15. The red currant is called Groseille ordinaire à grappes, or d'outre mer, in French; Johannisbeere, in German; and Uvetta, in Italian. It is a low shrub, with smooth branches, downy leaves, yellowish green flowers, disposed in pendulous racemes, which appear in May, and the fruit ripens in June and July. The berries of this shrub, in its wild state, are red; but cul- tivation has produced white and pale red berries. Professor Martyn observes, that “ The currant does not seem to have been known to the ancient Greeks and Romans, as the southern nations of Europe have not even an appropriate name to it at this day. The old French name, groseilles d'outre mer, and the Dutch, beskins overzee, proclaim their having been strangers imported. Our English name of currant is evidently from the similitude of the fruit to that of the Corinth grape, the small grape of Zante, or the common grocers’ Corinths or currants. The red currant has been long cultivated in Britain, and very much improved in the size of the bunch and berry.” Use.—The fruit is acceptable at the dessert, being of an agreeable acid taste. It is much used for jellies, jams, and wines. Forsyth says it is the most useful of all the small fruit, either for the table and kitchen, or for preserving, making wine, &c., and continues longer in succession than any other. According to Withering, the juice forms an agreeable acid to punch; and Professor Martyn says it was a common beverage in Paris in 1763. Its medicinal qualities are similar to those of other sub- acerb fruits, allaying thirst, lessening an increased secretion of the bile, and correcting a putrid and scorbutic state of the fluids. Varieties.—There are as follow: * Red currants. 1 Common red, groseillier rouge à petit fruit, groseillier ordinaire à fruit rouge. p 2 Red Dutch, large red Dutch, New red Dutch, large red, large bunched red, Morgan’s red, red grape, groseillier rouge à gros fruit. This is the best of the red currants for all pur- poses. 3 Knight’s large red. 4 Knight's sweet red currant. 5 Knight’s early red currant. 6 Champagne, groseillier a fruit couleur de chair. 7 Striped-leaved currant, and variegated-leaved currant. 8 Large pale red Dutch. * *® White currants. 1 Common white currant, groseillier à fruit blanc. 2 White Dutch currant, new white Dutch, Morgan’s white, white crystal, white Leghorn, pearl white. This is one of the very best of the white currants. 3 Pearl white, blanc perli. 4 Speary’s white. Propagation and nursery culture.—The same as in the goose-- I. Rises. berry. With a view to obtaining new improved varieties from seed, Mr. Knight procured cuttings, in the year 1810, of the finest varieties of the red and white currants, which he planted in pots of very rich mould, and placed under a south wall, to which the trees were subsequently trained. At the end of 8 years, within which period the pots had been as often changed, the trees were first suffered to produce blossoms. These were, with the exception of a very small number, removed from the white currant bushes, as soon as their buds unfolded ; and those which remained were deprived of their stamens while immature, and subsequently fertilized by the pollen of the red variety. The seeds thus obtained were sown in pots, as soon as the fruit had become perfectly mature, and were subjected early in the following spring to the artificial heat of a forcing-house; by which means, and by proper subsequent attention, the plants grew more than a foot in height the first season. At 2 years old, in the year 1816, several of the plants, and in 1817, th greater part of them, produced fruit’of great variety of charac- ter and merits; but out of about 200 varieties, only 3 red and 2 white appeared to possess greater merits than their parents. Soil and site.—All the sorts are very hardy, will grow freely and bear plentifully almost any where, alike in open or shady situations, by which the fruit may be obtained early, in June and July, and prolonged for several months in succession till October. As to soil, the currant generally does well in any common garden-soil, well tilled and recruited: it bears the greater crop ina strong loam or improved clay, somewhat moist; the earlier in a sandy light soil, which is not poor. Previous to planting, the ground should be dug 2 feet deep. es Final planting. The season for planting, on a dry soil, is any time in open weather from the fall of the leaf till Fe- bruary or March. Plants expected to bear the following sum- mer, are best moved in October, unless the ground be wet in winter. Allot a competent supply of standard bushes, to be planted chiefly in the kitchen garden, in a single row, round the main quarters, or in the outward borders, or some in cross rows; to divide extensive quarters. Plant them from 5-10 feet dis- tance inthe row. To raise large supplies, full plantations ate formed in parallel rows, with intervals between the rows of 8 or 10 feet, and between the trees in each row of 6 feet. Where convenient, have also some choice sorts, trained against walls, paling, or trellis-work, of different aspects, to obtain early “i late fruit in perfection ; some against a south exposure for early production; others on east, west, and north walls for interme diate succession and late fruit. Plant them at 6, 8, or 10 feet distance ; letting them occasionally fill up the vacant spaces between other wall-trees. The branches should be allowed to advance from near the bottom, and be trained in a nearly hori- zontal direction, from 3-6 inches asunder. Before nailing them, cut out superabundant and irregular growths, retaining 2 page petency of regular shoots for orderly training, among which, 1 any are of very considerable length, prune them to no extent. Some may likewise be trained as espaliers, in a €€- tached row in the borders or divisions of the quarters. The bushes so trained may either be left to grow without supports z be tied occasionally to stakes, and the branches thus will not overspread the ground. Being kept moderately thin and re- gular, they will bear fine large fruit, and make an agreeable appearance. it Mode of bearing.—Currant bushes, in general, bear the m both on the young wood of one, two, or three years one and on the older branches from small spurs and snags along t it sides, which continue for several years fruitful; but the fros produced on the last year’s shoots are always the finest, espe cially when the old mother bearers have borne more than years. GROSSULARIEE. Pruning.—The chief part of the future culture is seasonable pruning. After the plants are furnished with full heads, they produce many superfluous and disorderly shoots every summer, crowding the general bearers, so as to require retrenchment and regulation, both in the young growth of the year and older wood. The season for the capital pruning is winter; buta pre- paratory part is performed in summer, to thin the superfluous shoots of the year where too crowded, excluding the sun and air from the fruit. First as to standards :— _ Summer pruning.—In May or June cut out close the most irregular shoots, rising in the centre of the bush with all the cross and water shoots, to admit more freely the essential in- fluence of the air and sun, and promote the growth of the fruit and improve its flavour. Also twist off all root suckers as they appear. Winter pruning.—This extends both to the old and young “wood ; the time for it is when the plant is at rest. Of the shoots of the preceding summer, cut out the cross-placed and the otherwise itregular, with those which are not wanted for vacancies ; but superfluous good lateral shoots are”to be cut down to short stubs or artificial spurs, about half an inch long, so as to leave an eye or two, in order that they may send out fruit-shoots and spurs. With regard to the old bearers, take away those which are naked, or getting unfruitful, or of which the fruit is declining in size; reduce any of excessive length, pruning in to some well-placed lateral young shoot, to preserve the head within some regular compass; cut out also any de- cayed or cankery parts; retain a competency of the finest best- placed new shoots above and below vacant parts, to come in for successional bearers, or to supply the places of defective old wood, and preserve a leading shoot to the principal branches, where within orderly limits, shortening such terminal shoots as are of greatest length to 10, 12, or 15 inches, according to their strength and the situation of the branches, and leaving those of small extent mostly entire. Take care of the small lateral fruit-spurs, and occasionally select short lateral shoots of 1, 2, or 8 inches, for bearing fruit; or similar small shoots may be cut to short snags of an inch or two long, also for fruiting. Thin out spurs of the old branches where very thick. As the old fruit branches decline bearing, or decay, cut them away, taking care to provide young ones in succession ; and thus keep the bushes always furnished with full-bearing branches, and ad- vancing young bearers, in a regular open expansion, 6, 8, or 10 inches asunder at the extremities, circumscribing the general head within the height of 3 or 4 feet, or 5 at most. “ Currants of the finest quality,” Mr. Neill observes, ‘ are raised by Macdonald, at Dalkeith House. A good deal depends upon the way in which he manages the bushes, especially during the ripening of the fruit. He prunes the bushes at the usual season of mid-winter, shortening the last year’s shoots down to an inch or an inch and a half. Next summer the plants show plenty of fruit, and at the same time throw out plenty of strong shoots. As soon as the berries begin to colour, he cuts off the summer shoots to within 5 or 6 inches before the fruit. This is commonly done with the garden shears, with which a man may go over half an acre of bushes in a day. Sun and air thus get more free access, and more of the vigour of the plant is di- rected to the fruit; the berries are found not only to be of higher flavour, but larger than usual.”—Neill, Cal. mem. vol. 2. To wall-bushes, espaliers, and fan- standards, without support, the same course of summer and winter pruning is applicable, with the obvious variations required by their figure. In training wall-trees, 2 branches are led in an horizontal direction along the bottom of the wall or trellis, perhaps half a foot from the surface of the earth, and the growths from these of all upright shoots, which will admit of being arranged at the distance of I. Rises. 189 5 or 6 inches from each other, is encouraged. Fan standards are sometimes trained in a manner nearly similar, and some- times with the branches radiating from the crown of the stem. Insects, &c.—The red currant is occasionally attacked by the caterpillar, and very frequently by the Aphis ribes, Lin. which changes the colour of the leaves to red, pits and puckers them, and causes the fruit to be shrivelled and flavourless. Forsyth says, “ As currants are very liable to be devoured by earwigs, which take shelter under their leaves and branches, bundles of bean-stalks should be hung up some time before the bushes are covered with mats or nets. If proper attention be not paid to this, the fruit will generally suffer very much from these insects. After the bushes are covered, take the mats off once in 3 or 4 days, and kill the earwigs that have got into the bean-stalks, which it will be necessary still to keep hung up. As there is a sweetness in the inside of bean-stalks which attracts the ear- wigs, they very regularly take shelter in them from rain.” Taking the crop and preserving.—The ripening fruit comes in for small gatherings in June, advances to maturity in July, and continues in perfection till the end of August; or if trees in a full exposure are timely defended from birds and the full sun, with garden mats, or protected with nets where they grow against walls, the fruit may be continued good till September or October. Gather in a dry state, as in rainy weather they lose their flavour. Forcing.—To obtain early currants by forcing, let some good bearing trees, in pots, be placed early in January or February, in any common forcing department: they will produce ripe fruit in April or May. Red and White Currant. Fl. April, May. Brit. Sh. 4 to 6 ft. 50 R. cranpudsum (Ruiz. et Pav. fi. per. t. 233. f. 6. but not of Ait.) leaves cordate, bluntly 3-lobed, doubly serrated, rugged ; racemes short; calyx glandular, pubescent. h. H. Native of Chili, on wooded hills. Berl. l. c. t. 2. f. 20. Glandular-calyxed Currant. Fl. April, May. Clt. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 51 R. campanuta tum (Humb. et Bonpl. in Willd. herb. ex Reem. et Schultes, 2. p. 500.) leaves somewhat 5-lobed, doubly crenated, cordate, hairy beneath; lobes obtuse ; petioles cili- ated with glandular hairs; racemes pendulous ; calyx campa- 1820. nulate; petals oblong-spatulate ; styles bifid. h. H. Native of Mexico, near Moran, at the height of 3900 feet. R. affine, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. et spec. amer. 6. p. 60. Flowers white. Hardly distinct from the following species. Campanulate-calyxed Currant. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. 52 R.Ku'ntuu (Berl. mss. ex D. C, prod. 3. p. 482.) leaves somewhat 5-lobed, doubly serrated, rather cordate at the base, pubescent; racemes solitary or numerous, crowded, erect; calyx campanulate ; petals spatulate, reflexed; stamens 5-6, hardly shorter than the petals; styles 3-4-cleft; stigmas capitate. k. H. Native of Mexico, along with the preceding. R. multi- florum, H. B. et Kunth, l. c. but not of Kit. Kunth’s Currant. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 53 R. rri'ste (Pall. nov. act. petro. 10. p. 378.) leaves 5- lobed ; branches simple, twiggy, bearing leaves and racemes of flowers at the apex; racemes pendulous, both when in flower and in fruit ; corollas flattish, reddish on the outside, and yel- lowish inside; petals revolute. bh. H. Native of Siberia, on the Mongol Mountains. Berries small, black, insipid. Root creeping. Dark-fruited Currant. 2 to 8 feet. 54 R. cracia`Le (Wall. cat. no. 6833.) branches smooth ; leaves glabrous above, but with a few scattered bristly hairs beneath, cordate at the base, 3-5-lobed at the apex; lobes acute, serrated; petioles long, serrated at the base; racemes droop- Fl. April, May. Clt. 1820. Shrub 190 ing; calyx campanulate ; petals longer than the calyx. Native of Nipaul, on Emodi and Gosaingsthan. Berries black. Icy Currant. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1823. Sh. 4 to 6 feet. 55 R. nicrum (Lin. spec. 291.) leaves dotted from glands be- neath, 3-5-lobed; racemes loose ; bracteas minute, subulate or obtuse, much shorter than the pedicels; petals oblong ; calyx campanulate, with reflexed segments. p. H. Native of Europe and Siberia, in woods ; plentiful in some parts of Britain about the banks of rivers, in the north of England and in Scotland. Berl. l.c. t. 2. f. 21. Woodv. med. bot. t. 75. Fl. dan. 556. Blackw. 285. Smith, engl. bot. 1291. R. élidum, Meench. meth. 683. Flowers whitish green; calyx often of a rich brownish red- colour. Stamens sometimes more than 5, and there are fewer petals; so that when there are 10 stamens, there are no petals; this change of petals into stamens is just the reverse of the pro- cess by which single flowers become double ; but it is the only fact of the kind which has hitherto been observed. Stigmas bifid. Berries globose, black, glandular. The black currant is a shrub with smoothish branches, strong smelling leaves, with a solitary 1-flowered pedicel at the base of each raceme. The flowers appear in April, and the fruit ripens in June and July, and changes from a green to a black colour. It is a native of most parts of Europe, especially the more northern parts. It abounds in the woods in the north of Russia, and the subalpine regions of Siberia, where the branches and berries are very large, and sapid. In Britain it is found in wet hedges, on the banks of rivers, in alder swamps, and sometimes in woods. Use.—The fruit, which has a peculiar flavour, and disliked by some, is seldom brought to the dessert; but it is eaten in pud- dings and tarts, and made into jellies and wines. The Russians put the berries into brandy, and the Irish into whisky, in the same way as the English put cherries: the Russians also ferment the juice with honey, and so form a strong and palateable wine. Many cottagers, who cannot afford to mix green tea with black, substitute one or two dried leaves of the black currant, the flavour produced by which few are so acute as to distinguish from that of the mixture of green and black tea. The varieties are as follow : 1 Wild black. 2 Black grape, Ogder’s black grape. 3 Black Naples, Cassis of the French; this is one of the best of black currants. 4 Green-fruited black; fruit of a dingy colour, of no value. 5 Russian green. Propagation.— By cuttings. See gooseberry. Soil and site.—A moist soft soil, and shady situation ; such as is afforded by borders of north exposure is preferable. Miller says, “the fruit is always best when the plants are placed in an open situation, in light loamy soil.” Final planting.—As only a few plants are in general required for private gardens, these may be placed at the distance recom- mended for gooseberries, in the margin of a shady border, or against a wall of a north exposure. Mr. Neill says, it produces most fruit as a standard, but the largest berries when. trained to a wall. Mode of bearing.—The black currant bears chiefly on the shoots of the preceding year, and also from snags and spurs, which, however, are less abundant, and of smaller size in the black currant than in the gooseberry or red currant. Insects and diseases.—The black currant is seldom attacked by insects, though, like the elder tree, it has its own variegated caterpillar, which sometimes reduces it to a state of complete nudity. Gathering the fruit.—See red currant. Forcing.—The black currant may be forced in pots like the gooseberry. In Russia this is often done for the sake of the fragrance of the leaves. W.H. Flowers white. GROSSULARIEŁEÆ. I. Rises. Black Currant. Fl. April. Britain. Shrub 4 to 6 feet, 56 R. Bresersteinn (Berl. mss. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 482.) leaves cordate, acutely 3-5-lobed, sharply and doubly serrated, rather pilose above, and villously tomentose beneath; serratures numerous ; racemes nodding ; petals minute. h. H. Native of Caucasus. R. Caucdsicum, Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. 160. but not of Adams. Leaves having a strong scent like those of R. nigrum. Berries black. Bieberstein’s Currant. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. : 57 R. Hupsonta'num (Richards in Frankl. first. journ. ed. 2. append. p. 6.) branches erect; leaves 3-lobed, quite glabrous above, full of resinous dots beneath, and are, as well as the pe- tioles, villous; germens dotted; berries globose, glabrous, black ; racemes erect, pubescent; bracteas short; segments of the calyx, which is campanulate, spreading. k. H. Native of North America, from Hudson’s Bay to the Rocky Mountains, in the west, and as far north as lat. 57°. Flowers small; petals white. The fruit, and peculiar odour of the plant, are that of R. nigrum. i ; Var. B% racemes longer; calyx smovthish. h. H. Native of the north-west coast of America, on the mountains of the Columbia, about the Kettle Falls. R, petiolare, Doug. in hort. trans. 7. p. 514. Hudson’s Bay Currant. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. ; 58 R. rLórIDUM (Lher. stirp. 1. p. 4.) leaves full of resinous glands, 3 or 5-lobed, cordate, double-serrated ; racemes pendu- lous, pubescent; bracteas linear, longer than the pedicels ; calyx tubularly campanulate, glabrous : with the segments obtuse, and at length reflexed ; germens and black berries oval-globose, gla- brous. h. H. Native throughout Canada; and of Pennsyl- vania. Berl. 1l. c. t. 2. f.22. R. nigrum £, Lin. spec. 291. R. Pennsylvánicum, Lam. dict. 3. p. 49. R. recurvàtum, Michx. A. bor. amer. 1. p. 109. according to Torrey.—Ribésium nigrum, &c. Dill. elth. 2. t. 244, f. 315. This is in many respects allied to R. nigrum, but its more copious, denser flowers, and espe- cially the long bracteas, and more tubular calyx, will always dis- tinguish it ; the solitary pedicel too at the base of the flowers 1s wanting in this species. Petals oblong, rather erose at the apes-, Flowering Currant. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1729. Sh. 4to6 ft. 59 R. ine‘srtans (Lindl. in bot. reg. 1471.) leaves roundish, deeply 3-5-lobed, and deeply toothed, truncate at the base, glandular on both surfaces ; petioles pubescent ; peduncles 8-5- flowered, pendulous; flowers aggregate ; calyx tubular, pand lar, with the segments recurved. h. H. Native of Nort America. Calyx greenish white, with the tube 4 lines long: Leaves smelling like those of R. fléridum. The species was received from Mr. Floy of New York, under the name of in- toxicating currant, but without any account of its quality. The berries probably possess some narcotic quality. fee Intoxicating Currant. Clt.1827. Fl. April. Shrub 3 to 4 60 R. ce'Reum (Dougl. in hort. trans. 7. p. 512. bot. reg. 1263. Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 234.) leaves small, cordate, lobed, serrated, clothed with glandular pubescence, glabrous, glaucous, full of white glands above; racemes pendulous, rather capitate ; bracteas ovate, adpressed to the germens, which arè glabrous; flowers nearly sessile, cylindrical, rather angular ; ° calycine segments small, reflexed. h. H. Native of North- west America, on the banks of the Columbia, and its southern tributary streams, from the Great Falls to the Rocky Mountain in gravelly or sandy soil. In the small foliage, and faw-Bor ered racemes, this species resembles the gooseberry tribe, bu without any thorns. The flowers are rather large and white with a slight tinge of green, rather downy. White waxy or like scales cover the upper surface of the leaf, whence the spec fic name. Waxy-leaved Currant. Fl. April. Clt. 1827. Shrub 2 to 3 f 8 GROSSULARIEZ. 61 R. viscosr’sstuum (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 153.) leaves cordate, obtuse, 3-5-lobed, deeply crenated, viscid from glandu- lar pubescence : glands on both surfaces; racemes erect, corym- bose; bracteas linear-obovate, rather shorter than the pedicels, which are clothed with glandular hairs; calyx tubularly campa- nulate, with erectly spreading obtuse segments; germens and fruit ovate-oblong, clothed with viscid hairs. h.H. Native of North America, on the Rocky Mountains, and in dry plains in partially shaded places towards the sources of the Columbia ; also on the summits of the hills near the Spokan and Kettle Falls, at an elevation of 8000 feet above the sea. Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 234. t. 74. Berries oblong-ovate, black. Flowers large, pale yellowish green. This is a very fine and remarkable species. Very-clammy Currant. 4 to 8 feet. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1826. Shrub ** Flowers deep red. 62 R. arropurru'reum (Meyer in Led. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 231. fl. alt. 1. p. 268.) stem erect ; leaves pubescent, nearly or- bicular, cordate, 3-5-lobed; lobes acute, serrated; racemes drooping; pedicels exceeding the bracteas; calyxes campanu- late, ciliated ; berries glabrous, bractless. h.H. Native of Altaia, on mountains and subalpine places at the river Ursal, also at the river Tscharysch. Berries dark purple, size of those of the common currant. Var. a; flowers deep purple; leaves rather pubescent be- neath, but smooth and glabrous above, as well as the branches. Var. B; leaves rather pubescent beneath, but hispid from bristles above, as well as the petioles and stems. Near the river Volschoi Ulegumen. Var. y; flowers paler; leaves pubescent above, but most so below; branches smooth. Dark-purple-flowered Currant. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 63 R. saneurneum (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 164.) leaves cor- date, somewhat 5-lobed, serrated, veiny,smoothish above,butclothed with villous tomentum beneath ; racemes drooping, pubescent, twice the length of the leaves ; calyx tubularly campanulate, with oblong obtuse spreading seg- ments, exceeding the petals,which are red, and quite entire; brac- teas obovate-spatulate; berries turbinate, hairy. b.H. Native of the north-west coast of Ame- rica, in abundance from lat. 38° to 52°, usually growing in rocky Situations by the sides of streams. Doug]. in hort. trans. 7. t. 13. bot. reg. 1349. Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 109. KR. malvaceum, Smith in Rees’ cycl. This is per- haps the most ornamental species of the genus, bearing a profu- ` sion of large racemes of deep rose-coloured flowers, and is there- fore well adapted for ornamenting shrubberies and pleasure grounds. The berries are brownish black and bitter, completely destitute of the pulpy substance common to most of the species of the tribe. Bloody-flowered Currant. Shrub 4 to 8 feet. Fl. April, May. Fl. April. Clt. 1826. Secr. V. Sympnoca'tyx (from ovpguw, symphuo, to join toge- ther, and cadvé, calyx, a calyx; in reference to the calyx being tubular in all the species belonging to this section). Berl. l. c. t. 2. I. Rises. 191 D. C. prod. 3. p. 483. Calyx tubular, yellow, Racemes many- flowered. Leaves compassing in the bud. Unarmed shrubs. 64 R. av’reum (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 164.) quite gla- brous; leaves 3-lobed ; lobes divaricate, with a few deep teeth, shorter than the petioles, which are ciliated at the base ; calyxes tubular, longer than the pedicels: tube slender : segments ob- long, obtuse ; petals linear, much shorter than the calycine seg- ments ; bracteas linear, length of the pedicels; style entire; berries glabrous. h.H. Native of North-west America, in light gravelly soils, from the Great Falls of the Columbia River to the mountains, and on the southern branches. Berl. }. ¢.t. 2. f.23. Flowers golden yellow. Fruit yellow, seldom black, and of an exquisite flavour. Var. a, pre‘cox (Lind). in hort. trans. 7. p. 242.) flowers earlier ; leaves cuneated at the base, pubescent beneath; lobes deeply serrated; berries copious, earlier, turbinate ; racemes bracteate. h.H. Native of North America. Var. B, villdsum (D. C. prod. 3. p. 483.) leaves rather vil- lous. R. longiflorum, Fraser, cat. 1813. Var. y, serétinum (Lindl. 1. c.) flowers late; leaves of various forms, smoothish beneath ; lobes deeply serrated ; berries few, late, round; racemes naked. %.H. Native of North Ame- rica. Golden-flowered Currant, Fl. April, May. Clt. 1812. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 65 R. TENUIFLÒRUM (Lindl. in hort. trans. 7. p. 242. bot. reg. 1274.) unarmed, quite glabrous; leaves roundish, 3-lobed, mealy ; lobes bluntly toothed at the apex ; racemes pendulous, many-flowered ; calyx tubular, glabrous, longer than the pedi- cels, coloured; petals quite entire, linear, one-half shorter than the segments of the calyx, which are oblong and obtuse ; bracteas linear, length of the pedicels; berries glabrous. h.H. Native of North America, common on the rocky tracts of the Columbia, near the head waters of the Missouri. R. aúreum, Colla, hort. rip. append. 3. t. 1. f. A. R. flavum, Berl. in D. C. prod. 3. p. 483. R. Missouriénsis, Hort. In habit this species is more erect than R. aúreum, and has the young wood more thinly clothed with leaves ; its whole appearance is also paler during the early part of the season. The flowers are not more than half the size of those of R. aúreum, and have entire, not notched petals. The fruit is the size of a red currant, of an agreeable flavour, but possessing little acidity. Var. a, frictu-nigro; berries changing from yellow to red, and finally acquires a deep blackish purple-colour. Var. B, frúctu-lùteo; fruit yellow, always retaining the same colour. Slender-flowered Currant. 6 to 8 feet. 66 R. rxa‘vum (Coll. hort. ripul. append. 3. p. 4. t. 1. f. 3.) unarmed, quite glabrous; young leaves 3-lobed: adult ones usually 5-lobed, deeply toothed, about equal in length to the ciliated petioles; racemes short, 4-5-flowered; calyx tubular, much longer than the pedicels ; tube slender: segments rather spatulate, reflexed; petals one-half shorter than the calycine segments ; bracteas elliptic; berries oblong, glabrous. h. H. Native of North America. R. aúreum y sanguineum, Lindl. in hort. trans. 7. p. 242. R. palmatum, Desf. hort. par. R. aú- reum, Ker, bot. reg. t. 125. but not of Pursh. Flowers yellow. Yellow-flowered Currant. Fl]. April, May. Clt. 1812. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. Cult. All the species of Rtbes grow well in any kind of soil, and all root freely from cuttings planted in autumn, or early in spring. Those species, natives of Chili, Peru, Mexico, and other parts of South America, require shelter in severe weather. Some of the species are well adapted for ornamenting shrub- beries and pleasure grounds. But the most ornamental and Fl. April, May. Clt. 1812. Sh. 192 most worthy of cultivation are R. specidsum, R. Menziésii, R. sanguineum, R. atropurpireum, and R. atireum. Orvrer CXIX. ESCALLO‘'NEZ (plants agreeing with Es- callonia in important characters). R. Brown, in Franklin’s voy. p- 766. (1824.). Saxifràgeæ, Sect. I. Escalloniée, D. C. prod. 4.p. 4. Calyx superior, 5-toothed (f. 34. b. f. 35. a.). Corolla of 5 petals (f. 34. e. f. 35. 6.), alternating with the calycine segments, from within which they rise, forming by their cohesion a tube (f. 34. e.), but finally separating from each other (f. 35. b.), im- bricate in zstivation. Stamens arising from the calyx (f. 35. b.), alternating with the petals (f. 35. b.); anthers bursting length- wise. Disk conical, epigynous (f. 34. c.), plaited, surrounding the base of the style (f. 34. c.). Ovarium inferior (f. 34. a.), 2-celled, with 2 large polypernous placentas (f. 34. f.) in the axis. Style simple (f. 34. d.). Stigma 2-lobed. Fruit cap- sular, 2-celled, crowned by the style and calyx (f. 34. a. b. c. d.), which are permanent, splitting by the separation of the cells at their base. Seeds numerous, minute, with a trans- parent membranous integument. Embryo minute, in the apex of an oily albumen, having the radicle pointing to the extremity opposite the hilum.—Shrubs or trees. pulate, simple, full of resinous glands. spicuous, white, rarely reddish. This order is distinguished from Grossulariée by the cohering petals, and by the radicle being at the extremity of the seed, opposite the hylum; the albumen is also oily, not horny, and the placentas are not parietal; from Philadélphee they are known by their glandular leaves and minute embryo; from Vac- cinié@, by the final separation of the petals, and by the anthers. Leaves alternate, exsti- Flowers axillary, con- Synopsis of the genera. 1 Escarròxia. Limb of calyx 5-toothed or 5-lobed (f. 34. b.). Stigma peltate, 2-lobed (f. 34. d.). Capsule baccate (f. 34. f.), somewhat 2-celled, opening by pores at the base. Seeds scrobiculate. 2 Quintinia. Limb of calyx 5-toothed. Stigma peltately capitate, 4-5-lobed. Capsule 3-celled. Seeds compressed. 3 Foree'sta. Limb of calyx 5-parted. Style finally di- visible into 2 parts; stigma 2-lobed. Capsule 2-celled, dehiscing between the parts of the style. 4 Anoprerus. Calyx 6-lobed (f. 35. a.). Petals and sta- mens 6 (f. 35. b.). Stigma bifid (f. 35. e.). Capsule 1-celled, 2-valved (f. 35. d.). Seeds compressed, furnished with a wing at the top. . 5 Ire‘a. Calyx 5-cleft. Stigma capitate. Style finally di- visible into 2 parts. Capsule compressed, 2-celled, separable into 2 parts. I. ESCALLO'NIA (in honour of Escallon, a Spaniard, a traveller in South America, who found the first species of this genus in New Granada). Mutis, in Lin. fil. suppl. p. 21. Vent. choix. p. 54. Geertn. fr. carp. 3. p: 16. t. 182. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen, amer. 3. p. 294. D.C. prod. 4. p. 2. Ste- ESCALLONE Æ. I. EscALLONIA. reóxylón, Ruiz. et Pav. fl. per. prod. p. 38.— Escallònia, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. no. 956. exclusive of Imbricaria. Lin. syst. Pentándria, Monoginia. Tube of calyx semi- globose, adnate to the ovarium (f. 34. a.); limb 5-toothed or 5-lobed (f. 34. b.). Petals 5, arising from the calyx. Stamens 5; anthers ovate-oblong. Style filiform, permanent. Stigma peltate (f. 34. d.), somewhat 2-lobed by a furrow. Capsule baccate (f. 34. f.) crowned by the calycine lobes and the style (f. 34. b. c. d.), somewhat 2-celled, dehiscing irregularly by pores at the base ; dissepiment incomplete at the top, and there- fore placentiferous. Seeds very numerous, scrobiculate.—Trees and shrubs, natives of South America, especially Chili, usually full of resinous glands. Leaves scattered, serrated, or entire. Flowers terminal, bracteate, variously disposed, white or red, In many of the species there is present a conical pervious urceo- lus, girding the base of the style; for this reason the species of the genus may hereafter be formed into sections. * Pedicels solitary, 1-flomered. 1 E. serra‘ra (Smith, icon. ined. 2. p. 31.) shrub glabrous, erectish; leaves obovate, obtuse, serrated, veinless beneath (except the middle nerve); flowers terminal, solitary ; petals oblong, tongue-shaped. h.F. Native of the Straits of Ma- gellan, at Terra del Fuego. Reem. et Schultes, syst. 1. p. 326. Stereóxylon serràtum, Poir. dict. 7. p. 435. Flowers white. Serrated-leaved Escallonia. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 2 E. mYRTILLOÌDES (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 156.) shrub glabrous; branches spreading much; leaves obovate-oblong, acutish, cre- nately serrulated, veiny ; flowers terminal, solitary ; petals spa- tulate. h.F. Native of New Granada, every where on the Andes, in cold places. Smith, icon. ined. 2. t. 30. H.B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 294. Steredxylon patens, Ruz. et Pav. fl. per. 3. t. 234. f. 6. but the leaves and flowers are larger. Myrtle-like Escallonia. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. 3 E. arrixa (Poepp. pl. exsic. no. 820.) branches glabrous; leaves obovate, narrowed into short petioles, serrated at the apex, densely clothed with fine down beneath, and with scattered down above ; flowers axillary, solitary, on short pedicels ; tube of calyx puberulous, with subulate teeth ; petals oblong-tongue- shaped. h. F. Native of Chili, on the higher mountains. Flowers white. Alpine Escallonia. Shrub 8 to 4 feet. 4 E. tortudsa (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 295.) shrub glabrous ; branches spreading, twisted ; leaves obovate, acute, reticulately veined, glandularly crenated, rather shining; flowers nearly terminal, solitary; lobes of calyx quite entire. h. F. Native in very rough mountainous places, on the Andes about Quito. Flowers white. Allied to Æ. myrtilloides and E. corymbésa. Fruit almost the size of that of Vaccimum myrtillus. Twisted Escallonia. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 5 E. sersertroua (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. P: 296.) shrub glabrous; branches spreading; leaves obovate, bluntish, crenulately denticulated, reticulately veined ; flowers terminal, solitary ; lobes of calyx quite entire; petals rather spatulate. h.F. Native on the Andes, about Quito. - Flowers white. Perhaps only a variety of Æ. tortudsa, according to the authors. Barberry-leaved Escallonia. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 6 E. corymndsa (Pers. ench. 1, p. 234.) shrub glabrous + branches erectish; leaves oblong, acute, serrulated ; flowers terminal, solitary; lobes of calyx denticulated ; petals oblong. k. F. Native of Peru, in cold humid places, on high hills, where it is called Siuba by the natives. Stereédxylon cory™- bòsum, Ruiz. et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 14. t. 234, f. a. Peduncles ESCALLONE Æ. straight, bearing 1 leaf each, just under the calyx. Petals white, spreadingly reflexed. Stigma peltate. ; Corymbose-flowered Escallonia. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. 7 E. virea‘ra (Pers. ench. 1. p. 234.) shrub glabrous; branches erect; leaves obovate, acute, serrulated, veinless ; pe- duncles nearly terminal, 1-flowered ; lobes of calyx denticulated ; petals obovate. h. F. Native of South America, on moun- tains, and in humid woods in. the province of Rere, near Naci- miento. Steredxylon virgatum, Ruiz. et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 14. t. 235. f. 6. Stem much branched; branches cinereous, grey, rather spinose. Flowers white. Twiggy Escallonia. Shrub 5 to 10 feet. 8 E. punora‘ra (D.C. prod. 4. p. 3.) shrub smoothish ; branches erectish; leaves obovate obtuse, or lanceolate acu- minated, serrated, full of resinous dots beneath; pedicels 1- flowered, arising from the axils of the upper leaves, each bear- ing 2 linear bracteoles ; lobes of calyx long, denticulated. h. F. Native of South America. Allied to Æ. virgata, but differs in the leaves being dotted beneath ; to E. ribra, but the flowers are on axillary, solitary, 1-flowered pedicels. In this and in Æ. rubra the urceolus is conical and perviousat the apex, 10-angled, and 10-toothed, girding the style at the base. Dctted-leayed Escallonia. Shrub 5 to 8 feet. 9 E. FLÓRIDA (Poepp. pl. exsic. no. 843. ex D.C. prod. 3. p- 666.) shrub glabrous ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, with a few serratures, crowded; flowers on short pedicels, arising from the axils of the upper leaves, solitary, collected into an ovate raceme; limb of calyx 5-cleft, with ob- tuse recesses and acute lobes; petals obovate, on short claws. h.F. Native of Chili, probably on the mountains. Leaves 8-9 lines long, and 14 line broad. Petals with obscure veins, which are pinnately disposed. Florid Escallonia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. * * Flowers disposed in terminal racemes or panicles. 10 E. rvu'sra (Pers. ench. 2. p. 235.) shrub smoothish; branches erect, when young clothed withglandular villi; leaves obovate-oblong, acuminated, ser- rated, full of resinous dots be- neath ; peduncles 2-7-flowered, bracteate ; lobes of calyx denti- culated; petals spatulate. h. F. Native of Chili, on the mountains at Colocolo, in the fissures of rocks, and about Valparaiso. Hook. bot. mag. 2890. Stere- éxylon rabrum, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. t. 236. f. b. Petals red, conniving, but spreading a little at the apex. (f. 34. e.) : Var. a, glabriúscula (Hook. et Arn. in bot. mise. 3. p. 252.) branches glandular, hardly pubescent ; leaves glabrous ; flowers red. h. F. Native of Chili, near La Guardia, on the Andes of Chili, and about Valparaiso. ; Var. B, albiflora (Hook.et Arn. l. c.) flowers white. h . F. E. glandulòsa, Lodd. bot. cab. t. 1291. Native of Chili ; and the province of Maule. Var. y, pubéscens (Hook. et Arn. 1. c.) branches hardly glan- dular, but clothed with villous pubescence ; leaves pubescent on both surfaces, but more so beneath; flowers red. R. F. Native of the Andes of Chili. The leaves of all the varieties are spotted beneath with resinous dots. VOL. IIL. FIG. 34. 193 Clt. 1827. Shrub 1. EscALLONIA. Red-tiowered Escallonia. 3 to 6 feet. 11 E. Pærricia`na (D.C. prod. 4. p. 3.) shrub smoothish ; ` branchlets pubescent, rather clammy ; leaves oval, acute, taper- ing into the petiole, serrated, full of resinous dots beneath, rather clammy above ; pedicels 1-flowered, disposed in a few- flowered, terminal raceme; calyx glandular, with the tube drawn out beyond the ovarium: teeth subulate ; petals erect, oblong. h. F. Native of Chili. E. rùbra, Poepp. pl. exsic. no. 81. Flowers red. Like Æ. rabra, but differs in the peduncles being 1-flowered, in the teeth of the calyx being subulate, in the ur- ceolus not being prominent, and in the style being equal in length to the petals. There is a long-leaved variety of this, or a species, which was collected on the mountains in Chili, where it is called by the natives Ripa. Peeppig’s Escallonia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 12 E. macra’nrua (Hook. et Arn. in bot. misc. 3. p. 251.) branches pubescent, glandular ; leaves ovate-elliptic, bluntish, cuneated at the base, glabrous, full of resinous dots beneath, bluntly crenate-serrated; lower peduncles simple, axillary: upper ones racemose; bracteoles wanting, or very minute ; calycine teeth subulate. kh. F. Native of Chiloe. Petals connivent. The flowers are larger and the leaves broader than in E. ribra. Large-flowered Escallonia. Shrub. 13 E. myrrorpea (Bert. in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 666.) shrub glabrous; leaves lanceolate, serrated, attenuated at the base; racemes terminal, nearly simple, hardly longer than the leaves ; limb of calyx campanulate, 5-cleft : lobes subulate, re- flexed; petals obovate, on long claws. h.F. Native of Chili, at the river Cachapual near Rancagua, where it is commonly called Lun. The calyx agrees with that of E. revolùta, but dif- fers in the whole plant being smooth, and in many other points. Myrtle-like Escallonia. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 14 E. ivuinrra (Presl, in reliq. Henk. 2. p. 49. t. 59.) quite glabrous; branches spreading, anointed with resin; leaves pe- tiolate, obovate or oblong, obtuse, crenulated, attenuated at the base, beset with glandular dots above, and clammy ; panicle ter- minal, many-flowered, leafy; calycine segments acuminated, quite entire; petals on long claws ; capsule turbinate, 5-nerved ; style furnished with a 10-toothed, 10-angled, pervious, cylin- drical urceolus at the base, as in most of the species. h. F. Native of the Cordillera of Chili. Var. a; leaves beset with shining resinous dots on both sur- faces, but especially beneath. h.F. Native of Chili, in El Arroyo de Los Lanes, Valle del Rio Tinguiririca, where it is called by the natives Lun. Var. B; leaves bearing minute glands beneath. h.F. Na- tive of Chili, in La Siente Vieja, and La Cuesta de Chacabuco, and La Laguna near Valparaiso, where it is called by the natives Araca or Arayan. This variety is perhaps a distinct species; the glands beneath sometimes pass into a kind of pu- bescence. Anointed Escallonia. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 15 E. arcu'ra (Presl, relig. Henk. 2. p. 48. t. 58.) quite glabrous; branches erect ; leaves obovate or oblong-lanceolate, mucronate, sharply serrated, attenuated into the petiole, disco- loured beneath ; panicle terminal, many flowered ; rachis pubes- cent; segments of calyx acute, quite entire; petals spatulate, on long claws; capsule turbinate, 10-nerved. h. F. Native of Chili, at San Gabriel, La Guardia, and La Cuesta del Inga; Andes of Chili; and Valle del Rio Claro. Lun is its vernacular name. ŒE. microcarpa, Gill. mss. E. refiéxa, Gill. mss. E. myrtofdea, Gill. mss. hardly of Bertero, The raceme is very compact, and the flowers nearly sessile. Perhaps afterwards it may prove a mere state of M. ribra. Ce Fl. July, Sept. 194 ESCALLONE. Sharp-serrate-leaved Escallonia. Shrub 8 to 6 feet. 16 E. restnosa (Pers. ench. 1. p. 235.) shrub glabrous ; ` branches erect; branchlets anointed with resin; leaves oblong, obovate, hardly narrowed at the base, sessile, glandularly serru- lated ; panicles few-flowered, terminal; lobes of calyx quite en- tire; petals obovate-oblong. h. F. Native of Peru, on the cold parts of hills. H.B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 296. Stere6xylon resindsum, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 14. t. 235. f. 2. Style permanent, hardly longer than the fruit. Resinous-branched Escallonia. ‘Tree 10 to 20 feet. 17 E. Granamta‘na (Gill. mss. ex Hook. et Arn. in bot. misc. p. 253.) plant glabrous; branches straight, angular, rather resinous ; leaves elliptic-oblong, bluntish, a little attenuated at the base, crenate-serrated, beset with a few resinous dots be- neath; flowers in compact panicles, on short pedicels ; fruit ob- conical ; calycine segments subulate. h. F. Native of Chili, in El Valle del Rio Tinquiririca. The branches of the panicle contain each 3 or 4 flowers, on pedicels hardly a line in length. The fruit or tube of the calyx is about twice as long as it is broad, and twice or thrice the length of the pedicels. Graham’s Escallonia. Shrub. 18 E. Setrow1a'na (D.C. prod. 4. p. 4.) shrub glabrous ; branches erect ; leaves lanceolate, tapering into the petiole at the base, serrated, full of resinous dots beneath; panicles many flowered, terminal ; teeth of calyx short, quite entire; petals spatulate. h. F. Native of Brazil. ŒE. resindsa var. dodo- neifdlia, Cham. in Linnea. 1. p. 545. Very like Æ. resindsa. Style hardly longer than the fruit. Flowers white. Var. B, spireifolia (D. C, prod. 1. c.) leaves obovate, obtuse, tapering into the petiole at the base. h. S. Native of Brazil. E. resinòsa spireifdlia, Cham. in litt. Sello’s Escallonia. Tree 10 to 20 feet. 19 E. Carrcórriæ (Hook. et Arn. in bot. mise. 3. p. 252.) branches smoothish, glandless; leaves ovate, oblong, oval or roundish, acute at both ends, petiolate, glabrous, glandless, with sharp adpressed serratures ; flowers panicled; petals erect, on long claws; teeth of calyx subulate. h. F. Native of Juan Fernandez, where it was collected by Mrs. Callcott, late Mrs. Maria Graham. The lower peduncles of the raceme are branched, thus forming a panicle. The toothed urceolus at the base of the style is not so conspicuous in this as in other species of the genus. Callcott’s Escallonia. Shrub. 20 E. Montevinr’nsis (D. C. l. c. p. 4.) shrub glabrous ; branches erect ; leaves oblong, cuneated at the base, acutish, finely serrated, full of resinous dots beneath ; panicle terminal, many-flowered, crowded, intermixed with foliaceous bracteas ; lobes of calyx acute, rather denticulated ; petals obovate-oblong. hk. F. Native of Brazil, in many places, but especially on the sandy banks and pastures of the Uruquay. E. floribúnda var. B, Montevidénsis, Schlecht. in Linnea. 1. p. 543. Lindl. bot. reg. 1467. E. bifida. Link et Otto, abbild. t. 23. Flowers white, very like those of the hawthorn. Style permanent, double the length of the fruit after flowering. Monte-Video Escallonia. FI. July, Sept. 6 to 10 feet. 21 E. rrorrpu’npa (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen: amer. 3. p: 297.) shrub glabrous; branches covered with: clammy resin ; leaves oblong, obtuse, finely crenulated or quite entire, membra- nous; corymbs terminal, rather panicled, much branched, leafy ; teeth of calyx acute ; petals obovate-spatulate. h.F. Native of New Granada, on the Andes. Style length of the stamens. Leaves when young clammy and shining above. Flowers white. This species is said to come near Æ. cuneif dlia. Bundle-flowered Escallonia. Tree 10 to 20 feet. 22 E. Caracasa‘na (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 8 Clt. 1827. Shrub I. Escanionia. 297.) shrub glabrous ; branchlets scattered, somewhat trigonal; leaves oblong, acute, cuneated at the base, petiolate, finely cre- nulated, membranous ; panicle terminal, many-flowered, leafy ; teeth of calyx acute ; petals obovately spatulate. tive of South America, in temperate places near Caraccas, Flowers white. Style shorter than the stamens. Very like Z. Jloribiinda. Caraccas Escallonia. Tree 12 to 20 feet. 23 E. specra’sitis (Hort. monac. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 4.) branchlets pubescent: leaves oblong or elliptic, somewhat cu- neated at the base, obtuse at the apex, serrulated, glabrous; panicle short, thyrsoid; bracteoles and lobes of calyx acute, somewhat serrated by black glands; petals obovate-spatulate. h. F. Native country unknown. Flowers red. Style length of the stamens. E. glandulosa, Lodd. bot. cab. 1291. Showy Escallonia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1827. Sh. 3 to 6 feet. 24 E. pantcuna‘ra (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 328.) shrub glabrous; branches angular, rather clammy ; leaves lan- ceolate-oblong, obsoletely serrulated; peduncles racemosely panicled ; teeth of calyx very short; petals obovate. h. F Native of Peru, in the groves of Pillao. Stereóxylon panicu- làtum, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p.16. t. 238. f.b. Flowers white. Style very short. Calyx nearly entire. Panicled-flowered Escallonia. Shrub 5 to 8 feet. 25 E. ancustIiròLIA (Presl, in relig. Henk. 2. p. 47.) gla- brous; branches erect, glandular, resinous; leaves petiolate, linear-lanceolate, obtuse, dotted with glands, and glandularly serrulated, narrowed at the base; panicle terminal, many-flow- ered; segments of the calyx entire ; style exceeding the capsule. h.F. Native of Peru. Style naked at the base, not furnished with an urceolus, as in those formerly named Steredxylon. Narron-leaved Escallonia. Shrub. 26 E. MULTIFIÒRA (Presl, in Henk. reliq. 2. p. 48. t. 57.) glabrous; branches spreading; branchlets glandular and gluti- nous; leaves nearly sessile, obovate, mucronate, glandularly serrulated, pale beneath, and glandularly ciliated at the base ; panicles terminal, many flowered; teeth of calyx obtuse, quite entire ; petals obovate ; style equal in length to the ovarium, which is pubescent. h.F. Native of Chili and Peru. Style naked at the base, as in the last species. Many-flowered Escallonia. Shrub. i 27 E. rrave'scens (Presl, in reliq. Hænk. 2. p. 48.) quite glabrous; branches erect; leaves obovate, recurvedly acuml- nated, glandularly serrulated, and pinnately veined, attenuated at the base ; flowers terminal and axillary, sessile; teeth of calyx acuminated, glandular ; capsule turbinate, 10-nerved. h. Native of the Cordillera of Chili. Style furnished with an ur- ceolus at the base. Yellowish Escallonia. Shrub. 28 E. cunzirouia (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 328.) branches spreading; leaves oblong-wedge-shaped, serrulated, nearly sessile, whitish beneath; panicle terminal, rather corym- bose, hairy; teeth of calyx small; petals obovate, obsoletely crenulated. h. F. Native of Peru, in woods on the Andes, at Chincao. Steredxylon cuneifdlium, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. P 167 t.-288-f-a: Wedge-leaved Escallonia. Shrub 5 to 8 feet. 29 E. pr'scotor (Vent. choix. t. 54.) branchlets rather pubes- cent; leaves cuneiformly lanceolate, somewhat crenulated, = quite entire, of a different colour beneath, having the middle nerve hairy; panicles terminal, many flowered; calyx puberu lous; petals obovate. h.F. Native of New Granada, on the Andes. Steredéxylon discolor, Poir. dict. 5. p. 246. E. bie Matis ex Humb. tabl. nat. 1. p. 113. Kunth, nov. gen. amer. * p- 299. Flowers white. Style length of the petals, shorter than in any other species, rather conical at the base, striated. hr Ga eNeeee ESCALLONEZ, T. EscALLONIA. Discoloured-leaved Escallonia. Clt. 1820. Shrub 6 to 8 ft. 30 E. revoLU`ra (Pers. ench. 1. p. 235.) shrub hairy in every part; branches erect, very hairy, but smoothish in the adult state; leaves obovate, denticulated, revolute; raceme thyrsoid ; teeth of calyx subulate ; petals linear-spatulate. h.F. Native of Chili, in shady moist places, and on the banks of rivulets about Conception, Valparaiso and Quillota, where it is called Liun or Lun by the inhabitants, and Siete Camisas. Steredxy- Jon revolitum, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 15. t. 236. f a. Flowers white ? Revolute-leaved Escallonia. Tree 10 to 20 feet. 31 E. PULVERULE'NTA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 235.) shrub hairy in every part; branches rather erect, somewhat trigonal ; leaves el- liptic, obtuse, on short petioles, serrulated, rather clammy above when young; racemes terminal, spike-formed, erect; teeth of calyx spreading; petals obovate. h.F. Native of Chili, be- tween Conception and the tract of Carcano, where it is called Mardogno by the natives, and about Valparaiso. Poepp. pl. exsic. no, 79. Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnea. 1. p. 541. Steredxy- lon pulveruléntum, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 15. t. 237. a. Flowers white, nearly globose, when in the bud. The style is shorter in this than in any other species. Pondered Escallonia. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. 32 E. Berreria‘na (D. C. prod. 4. p. 666.) shrub glabrous, clammy from resin; leaves elliptic, petiolate, serrated, shining above ; racemes spicate, terminal, simple, twice the length of the leaves; calyxes shining and clammy, 5-cleft ; petals elliptic-ob- long, sessile. h. F. Native of Chili, on the banks of rivers, and in valleys on the mountains, as at La Guardia del Maypu, banks of Rio Maule, Valle del Rio Tinquiririca, and Causa Blanca, and in woods near Rancagua. E. resindsum, Bertero in litt. Leaves 2} to 3 inches long, and 1} broad. Petioles 3 lines long. Vernacular name of the shrub Corantillo. Bertero’s Escallonia. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 33 E. CHLOROPHY'LLA (Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnea. 1. p- 542.) shrub glabrous; branches rather angular; leaves ob- ovate-cuneated, mucronulate, quite entire, of a greyish white colour ; racemes terminal, clothed with powdery down; bracteas about equal in length to the peduncles; petals obovately spatu- late. h.F. Native of Brazil. Flowers white? Green-leaved Escallonia. Shrub. 34 E. pe'nputa (Pers. ench. 1. p. 235.) branches erectly spreading, rather clammy when young; leaves oblong-lanceo- late, acute, finely crenulated, hairy beneath, but especially on the nerves ; racemes terminal, spike-formed, pendulous ; calyx hairy, with the teeth acute; petals linear-spatulate. h. F Native of Peru, in groves; and on the Andes about Loxa, near Gonzanama. Steredxylon péndulum, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 16. t. 237. f.b. E. péndula, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 298. Perhaps the plant from Loxa is the same as that from Peru. Flowers white. Pendulous-racemed Escallonia, Tree 10 to 14 feet. 35 E. urea (Willd. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 329.) leaves obovate-oblong, almost quite entire, glabrous ; panicle terminal; peduncles hairy. k.H. Native of South America, where it is said to have been gathered by Humboldt and Bon- pland, but it is not mentioned in the nov. gen. amer. Hairy Escallonia. Shrub. : Cult. All the species of Escallénia are very fine ever-green shrubs ; they grow best in a mixture of peat, sand, and loam ; and cuttings strike readily in mould or sand under a hand glass. Most of the species will probably be found sufficiently hardy to stand in the open air in our climate, provided they are planted in a warm sheltered situation, particularly against a south wall or hot-house; and in winter they may be protected by throwing a mat over them. II. Quintin. 195 II. QUINTIY’NIA (in memory of La Quintinie, who has writ- ten on gardening). Alph. D. C. in monog. campan. Paris, 1830, p- 92. D. C. prod. 4. p. 5. Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx adhering to the ovarium, marked by 10 nerves; limb 5-toothed, perma- nent. Petals 5, obovate. Stamens 5. Style columnar, fili- form ; stigma peltately capitate, 4-5-lobed. Capsule crowned by the style and calycine teeth, 3-celled, with the dissepiments hardly complete ; cells many-seeded. Seeds small, ovate, com- pressed.—Shrub smooth. Leaves alternate, petiolate, oval, acu- minated at the apex, attenuated at the base, quite entire, coria- ceous. Panicles terminal, composed of spreading racemose branches. Pedicels spreading, shorter than the fruit. 1 Q. Srese'rr (Alph. D.C. l.c.) kh. F. Native of New Holland.-—Sieb. pl. exsic. nov. holl. no. 261. Sieber’s Quintinia. Shrub. Cult. See Escallonia above for culture and propagation. III. FORGE'SIA (in honour of M. Desforges, Governor of the Isle of Bourbon, when Commerson investigated the veget- ation of that country). Comm. in Juss. gen. p.164. D.C. prod. 4. p. 5.—Defforgia, Lam. ill. t. 125. Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogýnia. Tube of calyx turbinate, adnate to the ovarium; limb 5-parted: lobes lanceolate. Petals 5, inserted in the calyx, linear-lanceolate, approximate at the very base, hardly longer than the calyx, somewhat valvate in zstivation. Stamens 5, erect; anthers ovate. Style filiform, finally separable into 2 parts; stigma 2-lobed. Capsule half adnate, crowned by the erect separated styles, 2-celled, many- seeded, opening between the styles.—Tree small, quite glabrous. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, lanceolate, attenuated at both ends, on short petioles, serrated. Racemes terminal, few-flowered, bracteate at the base of the pedicels. 1 F. Borso'nica (Pers. ench. 1. p. 194.) h.G. Native of the Island of Bourbon, in the high woods above the plains of the Caffres. Defforgia Borbónica, Lam. ill. p. 59. t. 125. Poir. suppl. 2. p. 460. Forgésia racemdsa, Gmel. syst. veg. 1. p. 353. Bourbon Forgesia. Tree 20 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Escallinia above. IV. ANO’PTERUS (from avw, ano, upwards, and zrepoy, pteron, a wing; in reference to the seeds, which are winged at the apex). Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 86. t. 112. R. Br. in Frankl. narr. journ. 756. verm. schrift. 1. p. 545. Lin. syst. Hexándria, Digynia, Tube of calyx turbinate (f. 35. a.), adnate to the ovarium at the base; lobes 6, short, acute, permanent. Petals 6 (f. 35. b.), alternating with the calycine lobes, and inserted in the calyx. Stamens 6 (f. 35. 6.), inserted with the petals, shorter, and alternating with them. Style short; stigma bifid (f. 35. c.). Capsule oblong, 1-celled, 2-valved (f. 35. d.); valves opening from the apex to the base, with the pla- centas at the margins (f. 35. e.). Seed ovate, compressed, fur- nished with a wing at the top.— Tree, quite glabrous. Leaves alternate, rarely nearly oppo- site, ovate-oblong, attenuated at both ends, nearly sessile, coria- ceous, callously toothed. Racemes simple, terminal. Flowers some- times 7-cleft. 1 A. ctanpuxésa (Labill. 1. c.) h.F. Native of Van Die- men’s Land. Flowers white. (f. 35.) cc? . III. Forcesta. IV. Anoprervs. FIG. 35. 196 Glandular Anopterus. Tree 25 feet. Cult. See Escal/onia, p. 195. for culture and propagation. V. VTEA (crea, itea, is the Greek name of the willow; given to this genus on account of the quick growth of the J. Virgi- nica). Lin. gen. 275. Rich. in Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 156. Gertn. fruct. 3. p. 142. t. 209. f. 4. D.C. prod. 4. p. 6. —Diconangia, Michx. gen. p. 5. Adans. fam. 2. p. 165.— Cedréla, Lour. but not of Lin. Li. syst. Penténdria, Monogyjnia. Calyx regular, perma- nent, campanulate, 5-cleft, with the recesses obtuse, and the teeth subulate. Petals 5, lanceolate-linear, inserted in the upper part of the tube of the calyx, and alternating with its lobes, val- vate in estivation. Stamens 5, alternating with the petals, and shorter than them ; anthers oblong, rather bifid at the base, 2- celled, bursting lengthwise. Ovarium oblong, free. Style 1, but at length separating into 2 parts: stigma capitate, usually divisible in the furrow. Carpels 2, joined into a 2-celled com- pressed bisulcate capsule, which separate at length from each other from the base to the apex. Seeds numerous, disposed in 2 rows along the inflexed margins of the carpels.—Shrubs, with alternate simple exstipulate leaves. Flowers racemose, as in Weinménnia, but pentandrous, and as it were single styled. The character of the genus is alone taken from J. Virginica. 1 I. Virer'nica (Lin. spec. 289.) leaves lanceolate, acutely toothed ; racemes simple, terminal. hk. H. Native of North America, from Pennsylvania to Carolina. Lam. ill. 1. t. 147. f. 1. Lher. stirp. 1. p. 138. Lois. in Duham. abr. ed. 2. vol. 6. t. 9. Sims, bot. mag. 2409.—Trew. ehret. t. 98. When this shrub is in vigour it is entirely covered with racemes of white flowers in July and August, and then makes a fine ap- pearance. Virginian Itea. Fl. June, Aug. Clt.1744. Sh. 6 to 7 feet. + Asiatic shrubs related to I'tea, and referred to the genus by the authors, but will probably constitute 2 or 4 different genera when the parts of fructification are properly examined. * Leaves alternate. 2 1.2? umBELLA`TA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 419.) leaves alternate, broadly lanceolate, entire, smooth; panicles axillary and termi- nal, composed of simple umbels, on long peduncles. h.S. . Native of the Malay Islands. Capsule 1-celled, 2-valved, with 2 parietal placentas on each side. Flowers white. Umbellate-flowered Itea. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 3 I.? macropuy’Lia (Wall. in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 419.) leaves alternate, elliptic-ovate, acuminated, callously serrated ; racemes axillary, fasciculate, erect, equal in length to the leaves. h. G. Native of the East Indies, on the Khasee mountains bor- dering on the province of Silhet. Flowers yellow, fragrant, when young conical, and valvate in estivation. Ovarium half adhering to the calyx, 2-celled. Style columnar. Long-leaved Itea. Tree 20 feet. ** Leaves opposite. 4 I.? rra crans (Wall. in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 420.) leaves opposite, cuneate-lanceolate, entire ; racemes terminal; flowers in sessile fascicles, tetrandrous, and pentandrous. h.G. Na- tive of the East Indies, in the Island of Singapore. Flowers yellow, fragrant. Calyx cup-shaped, 4-5-toothed. Petals 4-5, linear, valvate in zestivation, longer than the stamens. Ovarium adnate to the calyx, 2-celled. Style columnar. This species, with the preceding, will perhaps] form a new genus nearly allied to Escallonia. ESCALLONEÆ. V. Irea. CUNONIACE Æ. Fragrant-flowered Itea. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 5 1.2? Rosmarrnus (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 408.) leaves opposite, filiform, glabrous, hardish ; peduncles axillary, l-flowered. h. F. Native of the north of Cochin-china, in sandy places, and in China about Macao. Cedrèla Rosmarinus, Lour. coch. p. 160. Calyx somewhat campanulate, 5-toothed, with the base permanent, and the teeth deciduous. Petals 5, obtuse. Stamens 5, equal in length to the petals. Style 1. Capsule 3-celled, 3-valved, dehiscing at the apex, many-seeded. Leaves odoriferous, from containing a quantity of essential cephalic oil. This plant hardly belongs to the order. Rosmary-like Itea. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. Cult. tea Virginica is a very pretty hardy shrub, well adapted for decorating the front of a shrubbery. It is increased by layers put down in the autumn. The rest of the species should be grown in pots, in order that they may be protected by a frame in winter, or to be grown against.a south wall, where they may be easily preserved from the frost by mats; a light soil is best suited for them, and they may be either increased by layers put down in the autumn, or by cuttings. Orver CXX. CUNONIA'CEZ (plants agreeing with Cu- nonia in important characters). R. Br. gen. rem. p. 16. D. Don in edinb. phil. journ. April, 1830.—Saxifragicex, Tribe II. Cunoniéz, D. C. prod. 4. p. 7. Calyx of many divisions (f. 36. a. f. 37. a. f. 38. a. f. 39.a.), valvate in estivation. Petals equal in number to the divisions of the calyx (f. 36. b. f. 38. b. f. 39. c.), and alternating with them, imbricate in zstivation, sometimes wanting. Stamens in- serted in a perigynous disk, definite (f. 37. b.), rarely indefinite ; anthers peltate, 2-celled (f. 38. c. f. 39. d.), bursting length- wise by a double fissure. Ovarium 2-celled : ovula usually in- definite ; styles 2 (f. 36. e. f. 37. d. f. 38. e. f. 39. b.), rarely connate : stigmas 2, simple, obtuse, pruinose. Capsule com- posed of 2 conflated follicles, which are applied to each other, rarely confluent, 2-celled, 2-valved ; for the most part furnished with 2 beaks, and many-seeded ; dissepiments double, from the inflexed edges of the valves. Placenta central, composed of fascicles of umbilical vessels. Seeds pendulous, sometimes winged; testa crustaceous or membranaceous. Albumen copious, fleshy. Embryo slender, straight, with the radicle turned to- wards the umbilicus, usually rather long.—Trees or shrubs, for the most part natives of the southern hemisphere. Leaves usually opposite, but sometimes verticillate, simple or compound. Stipulas interpetiolar, rarely wanting. Flowers usually disposed in spicate racemes or panicles. The Cunoniacee were first proposed by Dr. R. Brown as 4 separate family from Saxifragàceæ, to which they had been re- ferred by Jussieu, and to which they are intimately related, being chiefly distinguished by habit alone. M. Kunth considers them merely as a section of Saxifragdcee, but it appears pre ferable to regard them as a distinct family; for the advantages arising from dividing extensive families and genera are, that the individuals composing these become better understood, and their characters more accurately investigated. The Saaxifragacee are almost exclusively confined to the northern, as Cunonidce@ are to the southern hemisphere, Some pass beyond these limits, but their number is very small. Both families agree in having entire | | CUNONIACE Æ. and divided petals, and a superior and inferior ovarium. In the series of natural affinities the Philadélpheæ clearly follow the Cunonidcee, with which they correspond in habit; and in Bau- éra and Belangéra the stamens are indefinite, and the seeds of Caldclivia have a striking analogy to those of Philadélphus. The styles both in Saaifragdcee and Cunonidcee are often 3, and in Cornidia of the Flora Peruviana that number is always constant. A species of Weinménnia is used in Peru for tanning leather, and its astringent bark is employed to adulterate the Peruvian bark. The Indian Weinmdnnias appear to possess similar astringent qualities. Synopsis of the genera. Trise I. Cuxoxir'®æ. Stamens definite. Ovarium distinct. 1 Wezmma'yyia. Calyx 4-parted, permanent (f. 36. a.). Petals 4 (f. 36. b.). Stamens 8. Hypogynous disk urceolate (f. 36. d.). Styles 2. Capsule opening at the apex at the dis- sepiments ; cells many seeded. Seeds reniform, hairy. Leaves simple or compound, with 3-5 leaflets. 2 Letospr’rmum. Calyx 4-parted, deciduous. Petals 4. Stamens 8. Hypogynous disk flat, entire. Styles 2. Capsule Opening in the manner of Weinménnia; cells many-seeded. Seeds smooth. Leaves simple. 3 Cazpciu‘via. Calyx membranous, 4-parted, deciduous. Petals 4, unguiculate. Stamens 8. Hypogynous glands 8. Styles 2. Capsule opening in the manner of Weinmdnnia ; cells 5-10-seeded. Seeds fusiform; with the testa membranous, and larger than the nucleus. Leaves simple. 4 Praty'toruus. Calyx 4-cleft, sometimes 5-cleft, perma- nent. Petals 4, rarely 5, trifid. Stamens 8 or 10. Hypogy- nous disk urceolate, entire. Styles 2. Capsule membranous, 2-celled at the base, and ending in a flat bifid wing at the apex; cells 1-seeded. Seeds large, arched. Leaves compound,.with 3 leaflets. 5 Cunodnta. Calyx 5-cleft; segments deciduous. Petals 5. Stamens 10. Hypogynous disk small. Styles 2. Capsule opening like that of Weinmdnnia ; cells many seeded. Seeds oblong, compressed, smooth, winged on one side. Leaves im- pari-pinnate. 6 Arno'tpra. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4. Stamens 8. Hy- pogynous glands 8. Styles 2. Ovarium didymous, biovulate. Carpels 2, connate at the base, solitary from abortion, beaked by the styles, opening on the inside, l-seeded. Leaves impari- pinnate. 7 Preroruy’tia. Calyx 4-cleft, deciduous. Petals 4. Sta- mens 8. Styles 2, very short. Ovarium 2-celled. Capsule un- known. Leaves impari-pinnate. 8 Caty'comis. Calyx 5-parted, permanent. Petals 5. Sta- mens 10. Hypogynous disk small. Styles 2, setaceous. Cap- sule globose, 2-celled, opening at the apex ; cells many seeded. Seeds minute, smooth. Leaves simple. 9 Cattrcoma. Calyx 4-parted, rarely 5-parted (f. 37. a.), permanent, Petals wanting. Stamens 8, rarely 10 (f. 37. b.). 197 I. WeINMANNIA. Hypogynous disk small. Styles 2 (f. 37. d.), setaceous. Cap- sule inclosed in the calyx, dehiscing at the dissepiments ; cells ventricose, 1-2-seeded from abortion. Seeds rough from pa- pille. Leaves simple. 10 Crrarore’tatum. Limb of calyx 5-parted (f. 38. a.), permanent. Petals 5 (f. 38. b.), linearly multifid, permanent or wanting. Stamens 10; anthers beaked (f. 38. c.). Styles 2, short (f. 38. e.). Capsule 1-seeded from abortion, dehiscing at Leaves simple or ternate. Calyx 5-cleft, permanent. Ovarium 2-celled; ovula many. the apex. 11 Scnizome'rra. Stamens 10. Petals 5, jag- ged, deciduous. Styles 2, short. Capsule baccate, closed at the apex. Leaves simple. Truss II. Copir'æ. Stamens definite. Ovarium inferior. 12 Còpia. Limb of calyx 4-5-parted, permanent: Petals 4-5. Stamens 8-10. Styles pubescent. Capsule closed at the apex, usually 1-seeded from abortion. Seeds roundish, smooth. Leaves simple. True III. Bavur'rex. Stamens indefinite. Ovarium free. 13 Brrance‘ra. Calyx deeply 6-parted; segments deci- duous. Petals wanting. Stamens numerous. Styles 2. Cap- sule superior, 2-celled, 2-beaked, opening at the dissepiments ; cells many-seeded. Seeds compressed, winged at the apex. Leaves compound, with 3-5 leaflets. 14 Baura. Calyx 6-10 parted (f. 39. a.) Petals 6-10 (f£. 39. ¢.). Styles 2 (f. 39. 6.), glabrous. Capsule superior, 2-celled, 2-valved at the apex, opening by a transverse chink ; cells few-seeded. Seeds scabrous from resinous dots. Leaves in whorles. Trige IV. SYMPHYOGY'NEÆ. Stamens definite. Ovarium free. Styles connate. 15 Geríssors. Calyx 4-parted, deciduous. Petals wanting. Stamens 8. Style 1; stigmas 2. Capsule compressed, 2-celled, 2-valved; cells many seeded. Seeds compressed, winged. Leaves compound, with 5 leaflets. Tribe I. CUNONIE'£ (plants agreeing with Cundnia in having de- finite stamens). Stamens definite. Ovarium distinct from the calyx. i: WEINMA'NNIA (in honour of John William Weinmann, apothecary at Ratisbon, author of Phytanthoza Iconographica, in 4 vol. fol. Ratisbon, vol. 1. in 1737., vol. 2. in 1739., vol. 3. in 1742., vol. 4. in 1745.) Lin. gen. no. 493. Juss. gen. p. 309. H. B. et Kunth, 6. p. 49. D. Don, in edinb. phil. April, 1830.—Windmannia, P. Brown, jam. ed. 2. p. 212. Lin. syst. Octdndria, Digijnia. Calyx permanent, 4-parted (f. 36. a.). Petals 4 (f. 36. b.). Stamens 8. Disk hypogy- nous, urceolate (f. 36. d.). Capsule opening at the dissepiments from the apex; cells many seeded. Seeds roundish-reniform. —tTrées, natives of South America and the Mauritius. Leaves compound or simple ; petioles articulated. Stipulas undivided, caducous. -198 Flowers hermaphrodite, race- mose, usually white ; pedicels in fascicles. * Leaves simple. 1 W. ova`ra (Cav. icon. 6. p. 45. t. 566.) leaves elliptic-oblong, bluntish, crenated, glabrous on both surfaces, as well as the branches, acute at the base. h. S. Native of Peru, at the town of San Buenaventura. Leaves 2-3 inches long, and an inch or an inch and a half broad. Racemes 3 inches long, loose. Hypogy- nous disk with 8 glands (f. 36. d.). Ovate-leaved Weinmannia. FJ. May, June. Clt 1824. Tree 12 to 20 feet. 2 W. Kuwrara‘na (D. Don in edinb. phil. journ. April, 1830.) leaves elliptic, crenated, cuneated at the base, membranous, gla- brous; racemes elongated ; fascicles many flowered. h. S. Native of New Granada, near Santa Fe de Bogota. W. ovata, H. B. et Kunth, 6. p. 52. exclusive of the synonyme of Cav. Leaves with the nerves and veins beneath, rather pilose, 3-4 inches long, and an inch and a half or 2 inches broad. Racemes aspan long; fascicles 3-10-flowered. Kunth’s Weinmannia. Tree 10 to 15 feet. 3 W. Barsisia xa (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p- 51. t. 520.) leaves nearly sessile, ovate-lanceolate, rather acumi- nated, serrated, glabrous, attenuated at the base; fascicles of racemes many-flowered. h. S. Native of Quito, in woods near Loxa. Leaves 1} inch or 3 inches long. Racemes loose, 2 inches long. Capsule ovate, glabrous. Balbis’s Weinmannia. Tree or shrub. 4 W. rav'rina (H. B. et Kunth, l. c. 6. p. 51.) leaves ob- long, acute, crenated, glabrous, attenuated at the base ; fascicles of racemes many flowered. h.S. Native of South America. Leaves 3 inches long or more, puberulous on the veins beneath. Racemes 2 inches long. Laurel-like Weinmannia. Tree. 5 W. macrorny’t1a (H. B. et Kunth, l. c. p. 52. t. 521.) leaves nearly sessile, ovate, acuminated, serrated, glabrous on both surfaces, as well as on the branches, rounded at the base ; fascicles of racemes many flowered. h. S. Native of the Andes of Quito, between Loxa and Nabon. Leaves 2-5 inches long, and 2-3 inches broad, shining above. Racemes rather loose. Capsule terete, oblong, glabrous. Long-leaved Weinmannia. Tree or shrub. 6 W. vatiror1a (Presl, in Henke, reliq. 2. p. 51.) leaves ovate-elliptic, obtuse, acute at the base, crenately serrated, coria- ceous, quite glabrous above, hairy beneath; racemes longer than the leaves ; stipulas oblong, obtuse, silky outside ; urceolus entire. h.G. Native of Peru, in mountain woods. Broad-leaved Weinmannia. ‘Tree. 7 W. errta (H.B. et Kunth, l.c. p. 50.) leaves petio- late, elliptic, obtuse, crenated, glabrous on both surfaces, acutish at the base; racemesloose. b.S. Native of Quito, near Loxa. Leaves an inch or an inch and a half long, coriaceous. Racemes 13 or 2 inches long. Capsule ovate, glabrous. Flowers purplish. Elliptic-leaved Weinmannia. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1824. Tr. 8 W. ovaris (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 4. t. 333. f. a. ined.) leaves petiolate, oval, crenated, quite glabrous on both surfaces, as well as the branches, shining, acute at the base; fascicles of racemes many flowered. h.S. Native of Peru, on the Andes, in groves at Pillao. Leaves coriaceous, 2 or 3 inches long. Racemes loose, a hand long. Capsule ovate, quite smooth. CUNONIACE#. I. WEINMANNIA. Oval-leaved Weinmannia. Tree. 9 W. crassıròLIa (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 4. t. 331. f. a, ined.) leaves nearly sessile, oval, coarsely crenated, rather pilose as well as the branches, rounded at the base; fascicles of racemes many flowered. h. S. Native of Peru. Leaves 2 inches long, coriaceous, thick, pilose on the rib and veins beneath. Racemes 2-3 inches long. Capsule ovate-oblong, smooth. Thick-leaved Weinmannia. ‘Tree. 10 W. suscorpva‘ra (Moricand, herb. ex D. C. prod. 3. p. 8.) leaves oval, obtuse, somewhat cordate at the base, dentately crenated, coriaceous, glabrous, shining above ; racemes when in flower exceeding the leaves a little. h. S. Native of Peru. Flowers on very short pedicels. Leaves 24-30 lines long, and 16-18 lines broad. Subcordate-leaved Weinmannia. Tree. * * Leaves simple and ternate. 11 W. HETEROPHY'LLA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 52. t. 522.) leaves simple and ternate, ovate-oblong, acutely and coarsely serrated, rather pilose beneath ; fascicles of racemes many flowered. h.S. Native of New Granada, near Santa Fe de Bogota. Leaves for the most part simple, glabrous above, pilose beneath, particularly at the ribs, 3-5 inches long, and 1} or 2 inches broad. Petioles half an inch long. Racemes loose, 4 inches long. Capsule ovate, smooth. Variable-leaved Weinmannia. ‘Tree. 12 W. corpva'ra (D. Don in edinb. phil. journ. April, 1830.) leaves nearly sessile, cordate-ovate, bluntish, coarsely serrated, rather pilose beneath, and on the branches ; fascicles of racemes many flowered. h. S. Native of Peru. W. heterophylla, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 4. t. 331. f. b. Leaves simple or ternate, 2 inches Iong. Racemes loose, 3 inches long. Cordate-leaved Weinmannia. ‘Tree. 3 13 W. auricuta‘ta (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. April, 1830.) leaves elliptic, with revolute, serrated margins, rounded at the base, hairy beneath and on the branches ; fascicles of racemes crowded. h.S. Native of Peru, in groves at Pillao. W. ovata, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 4. t. 333. f. b. ined. W. drya- difolia, D. C. prod. 4. p. 9. Leaves shining and glabrous above, but densely clothed with fulvous hairs beneath, an inch or an inch and a half long, 1-lobed at the base, and sometimes trifoliate. Racemes dense, spicate, 2-3 inches long. Capsule roundish-ovate, and are as well as the styles rather hairy. Auricled-leaved Weinmannia. Tree. 14 W. ausrra‘tis (Cunning. in Field’s new south wales, p. 353.) leaves trifoliate; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, deeply and equally serrated, sessile; flowers terminal. h. G. Native of New Holland, on moist shady rocks, at Springwood. Southern Weinmannia. Shrub. *** Leaves ternate and quinate. 15 W. pentaruy’tra (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 4, t. 330. f. a.) leaves ternate and quinate ; leaflets 3-5, ovate-lanceolate, acute, serrated, glabrous on both surfaces; racemes loose. ake S. Native of Peru. Branchlets pubescent. Leaflets coriaceous, shining above, 2-3 inches long: lateral ones unequal-sided at the base. Racemes loose, a hand long ; pedicels longish. Cap- sule ovate, smooth. Styles sometimes 3, when this is the case the capsule is 3-celled. Five-leaved Weinmannia. Tree. f 16 W. crexa`ra (Presl, in reliq. Hank. 2. p. 51.) leaves G the branches with 2 pairs of leaflets and an odd one, those © the branchlets ternate; leaflets oblong, obtuse, broadly crenated, quite glabrous, coriaceous, terminal one oblong-lanceolate, atte- nuated at the base; wings of the rachis and petiole semi-obo- vate; racemes longer than the leaves, and are as well as the branches pubescent ; flowers glomerate ; segments of the calyx CUNONIACEZ. ciliated ; urceolus crenated. tain woods. Crenated Weinmannia. Tree. 17 W. Mavritia'ya (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. April 1830.) leaves ternate and quinate; leaflets 3-5, obovate, or elliptic, obtuse, crenated, smoothish; racemes loose. bh. S. Native of the Mauritius, where it is called La Lou. W. trifo- liàta, Lam. dict. 7. p. 579. ill. t. 313. f. 2. exclusive of the synonyme. Smith, in Rees’ cycl. exclusive of the synonymes of Lin. Thunb. and Willd. W. Madagascariénsis, D. C. prod. 4. p. 9. Leaflets coriaceous, pubescent beneath, 4 or 1 inch long. Racemes loose, 2 inches long; fascicles few-flowered. Mauritian Weinmannia. ‘Tree. 18 W. maretna‘ta (Moricand, mss. ex D.C. prod. 4. p. 10.) leaves with 3-5 leaflets ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acute, serrated, attenuated at both ends: extreme one the largest ; petiole mar- gined; capsule glabrous. h.S. Nativeof Peru. Branchlets villous, by threes at the tops of the branches. Racemes ex- ceeding the leaves. Leaflets 2-3 inches long, and 8-14 lines broad. Marginate-petioled Weinmannia. Tree. 19 W. micropny’tta (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 54. t. 523.) leaves ternate and quinate ; leaflets 3-5, obovate, crenated, glabrous; racemes very short, somewhat corymbose. h. S. Native of Quito, near Loxa. Leaves with sometimes only 2 leaflets ; leaflets small, cuneate-obovate, crenated, quite glabrous, shining, 3 lines long. Capsule ovate, glabrous. Small-leaved Weinmannia. Shrub. *** * Leaves impari-pinnate. 20 W. oxa‘pra (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 228.) leaves with many pairs of leaflets; leaflets obovate or oblong, crenated, rather pilose beneath; rachis with rhomboid joints; racemes loose. hb. S. Native of the Islands of Santa Cruz and Martinique ; and of Mexico, near San Salvador and Chiconquiera. Willd. spec. 2. p. 436. exclusive of the synonyme of Lam. W. pin- nata, Lin. spec. 1. p. 515. exclusive of the synonyme of Browne, jam. Flowers numerous, white. 2 Glabrous Weinmannia. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1815. Sh. 6 ft. 21 W. rricuosre’rma (Cav. icon. 6. p. 45. t. 567.) leaves with many pairs of leaflets; leaflets oblong, acutely toothed, rather pilose beneath ; joints of rachis exactly rhomboid. k. S. Native of the Island of San Carlos de Chiloe ; and of Peru. W. dentata, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 4. t. 334. f.c. W. pinnata, Lin. and Cay. mss. Leaflets obliquely cuneated at the base, naked and shining above, but rather pilose on the nerves and veins be- neath. Racemes loose. Capsule roundish-ovate, ribbed, glabrous. Hair-seeded Weinmannia. Shrub. 22 W. mirta (Swartz, prod. p. 63. fl. ind. occid. 2. p. 691.) leaves with 3 pairs of leaflets; leaflets elliptic, serrated, hairy beneath as well as the branches; joints of rachis cuneated. h.S. Native of Jamaica, St. Domingo, and Brazil. Wind- mannia fruticdsa, &c. Browne, jam. p. 212. Leaflets hairy, at length smoothish above, coriaceous. Racemes loose, very copious, 2 inches long. Rough Weinmannia. Fl. May, Jul. Cit. 1820. Tr. 10 to 20 ft. 23 W. nitipa (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. April, 1830.) leaves with usually 3 pairs of leaflets; leaflets obovate, crenated, glabrous, and shining on both surfaces; joints of rachis cu- neated. h. S. Native of Jamaica. Weinmannia hirta, var. Smith, herb. Shining-leaved Weinmannia. Tree. 24 W. ciromera‘ra (Presl, in relig. Heenk. 2. p. 52.) leaves with 4-6 pairs of leaflets; leaflets oblong, obtuse, coriaceous, toothed towards the apex, hairy on the middle nerve beneath : terminal leaflet oblong-lanceolate, acute at both ends; wings of h. G. Native of Peru, in moun- I. Wernmannia. 199 rachis semi-obovate ; racemes spicate, longer than the leaves, and are as well as the branchlets and petioles very hairy; ~ flowers glomerate, sessile; calyx smoothish; urceolus entire. h. G. Native of Peru, on the mountains. Glomerate-flowered Weinmannia. ‘Tree. 25 W. tincrorta (Smith, in Rees’ cycl.) leaves with many pairs of leaflets; leaflets oblong, serrated, smoothish; joints of rachis spatulate; fascicles of racemes many-flowered. h. S. Native of the Island of Bourbon. W. glabra, Lam. dict. 7. p. 578. ill. t. 313. f£. 1. W. macrostachya, D. C. prod. 4. p. 10. The tree is called Tan rouge by the inhabitants of Bourbon, where it is used for dying red. Dyers’ Weinmannia. Tree. 26 W. racaroipes (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 54. t. 524.) leaves with many pairs of leaflets; leaflets obovate or elliptic, crenated, glabrous on both surfaces, shining above ; joints of rachis obcordate. h.S. Native of Peru, at Pillao, and at Loxa. Branchlets with annular chinks, pubescent. Leaflets from 5-15, coriaceous, pilose on the joints beneath, 3 lines long. Racemes 2 inches long; fascicles many-flowered. Capsule ovate-oblong, glabrous. Fagara-like Weinmannia. ‘Tree. 27 W. parvirouia (Ruiz, mss. ex D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. April, 1830.) leaves with many pairs of leaflets ; leaflets oblong, serrated, pilose beneath ; joints of rachis obovate; ra- cemes short. h. S. Native of Peru, at Pillao, where it is commonly called Mucho and Arbol del Peregil by the inhabitants. W. microphylla, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 4. t. 334. f.a. Branchlets densely pilose. Leaflets from 9-15, contiguous, naked and opaque above; 3-5 lines long. Racemes dense, cylindrical, hardly an inch long; fascicles many-flowered, crowded. Cap- sule roundish, ovate, glabrous. Small-leaved Weinmannia. Tree. 28 W. reticuta Ta (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 4. t. 332.) leaves with many pairs of leaflets ; leaflets elliptic, crenated, clothed with rusty tomentum beneath ; joints of rachis obovate-oblong ; fascicles of racemes crowded. h. S. Native of Peru, at Pillao and Acomaya. W. pubéscens, Ruiz, mss. Branchlets densely clothed with rusty tomentum, usually with annular chinks. Leaflets 9-17, pilose above and shining, reticulately veined, half an inch long. Racemes dense, cylindrical, 2 or 3 inches long; fascicles many-flowered, very pilose. Styles rather pilose at the base. Capsule ovate, smooth. Reticulated-leaved Weinmannia. Tree. 29 W. ventiscirozia (Presl, in reliq. Heenk. 2. p. 52.) leaves with 3-5 pairs of leaflets ; leaflets oblong, obtuse, toothed, co- riaceous, hairy on the nerves, racemes, and petioles: terminal one oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends ; wings of petiole and rachis semi-obovate; flowers on long pedicels; segments of the calyx ciliated; urceolus angular and crenated. h. G. Native of Peru, on the mountains, Lentiscus-leaved Weinmannia. Tree. 30 W. tomentosa (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 277.) leaves with many pairs of leaflets; leaflets oval, with revolute margins, quite entire, clothed with hoary tomentum beneath; spikes cylin- drical, much crowded. h.S. Native of New Granada. H., B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 55. t. 525. Leaflets size of those of box leaves, 9-15, approximate, very blunt, convex and pubescent above, but atlength green. Joints of rachis obovate, with revolute margins. Spikes cylindrical, obtuse, an inch long; fascicles many-flowered, much crowded ; peduncles short, densely clothed with tomentum. Tomentose Weinmannia. Tree. 31 W. cive’rea (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 4. t. 332. f. b.) leaves with usually 3 pairs of leaflets ; leaflets elliptic, serrated, reti- culated, smoothish; joints of rachis cuneate-oblong ; racemes . 200 loose. h.S. Nativeof Peru, in groves, at Pillao, where it is called Arbol del Peregil. W. sambiicuna, Ruiz, mss. W. di- versifdlia, Moricand, mss. ex D.C. prod. 4. p. 10. Leaflets 7-9, elliptic, coriaceous, stiff, an inch long. Peduncles very hairy. Racemes loose, 2-3 inches long. Fascicles few-flowered. Capsule ovate, glabrous. Cinereous Weinmannia. Tree. 32 W. SUBSESSILIFLÒRA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 4. t. 334. f. b.) leaves with many pairs of leaflets; leaflets oval or oblong, ser- rated, smoothish ; spikes elongated, cylindrical; styles pube- rulous ; capsule silky. h. S. Native of Peru, on the Andes, at Pillao. W. polystàchya, Ruiz, mss. Leaflets 11-15, 4 or 1 inch long, while young canescent on both surfaces. Joints of rachis obovate. Spike narrow, 3-4 inches long; fascicles crowded, many-flowered. Pedicels and calyxes silky. Subsessile-flowered Weinmannia. Tree. 33 W. mrTE'LILA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 56.) leaves with many pairs of leaflets ; leaflets oblong, serrulated, pubescent beneath; racemes loose. h. S. Native of New Granada, near Santa Fe de Bogota. Branchlets tomentose. Leaflets 4-7 pairs, 8-9 lines long. Racemes loose, 2-3 inches long. Ovarium ovate, glabrous. Hairy Weinmannia. Tree. 34 W. puse'scens (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 56.) leaves with many pairs of leaflets ; leaflets elliptic-oblong, serrated, pilose on both surfaces; capsule ovate, tomentose. h.S. Native of New Spain, on Mount Avila, near Caraccas. Leaflets 4-6 pairs, 6-13 lines long. Racemes loose, 3-4 inches long. Pubescent Weinmannia. Tree. 35 W. sorsiròLIA (H. B. et Kunth, l. c. p. 57.) leaves with usually 4 pairs of leaflets; leaflets oblong, acutish, serrated, rather pilose beneath ; racemes loose ; ovaries glabrous. h.S. Native of New Granada. Branches glabrous. Leaflets oblong, acutish, glabrous above, 19-20 lines long and 6-7 broad, ob- liquely cuneated at the base. Racemes loose, 3-5 inches long ; fascicles remote. i Sorbus-leaved Weinmannia. Tree. 36 W. Caripr’nsis (H. B. et Kunth, l. c. p. 58.) leaves with usually 5 pairs of leaflets; leaflets oblong, bluntish, serrated, membranous, glabrous. kh. S. Native of New Andalusia, near the convent of Caripe. Branches pubescent. Leaflets 10- 15 lines long, and 4-5 broad, membranous. Racemes loose, 4-5 inches long. Ovarium ovate, glabrous. Caripe Weinmannia. Tree. 37 W. porypuy’tia (Moricand, mss. ex D.C. prod. 4. p. 11.) leaves with 8-12 pairs of leaflets ; leaflets elliptic, obtuse, ser- rated, glabrous: outer one lanceolate; joints of rachis trian- gular; branchlets, petioles, and the nerves on the under side of the leaves pilose; racemes exceeding the leaves. p. S. Native of Peru, near Guayaquil. Leaves 4 inches long; leaflets 4-8 lines long, and 2-4 lines broad. Many-leaved Weinmannia. Tree. 38 W. PAULLINIÆFÒLIA (Pohl, in litt.ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 11.) leaves glabrous, except the rachis, which is hairy ;: leaflets 7-9, oblong, cuneated at the base, serrately toothed at the apex; joints of rachis oblong; racemes length of leaves. h. S. Na- tive of Brazil. Paullinia-leaved Weinmannia. Tree. 39 W. propu'cra (Moricand, mss. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 10.) leaves with 6-7 pairs of leaflets ; leaflets small, ovate, coarsely toothed, rather coriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces: outer one elongated, acute, cuneated at the base: joints of rachis semi- obovate; racemes dense, much longer than the leaves. p. S. Native of Peru. W. sessilifléra, Pav. in herb. Moricand. Branches pubescent. Extreme leaflet an inch and more long, CUNONIACE#. I. WEINMANNIA. II. LEIOSPERMUM. ILI. Caztperuvia. IV. PLATYLOPHUS. the rest 4-5 lines long, but the lower 2 are hardly 2 lines long, Flowers white. Pedicels length of flowers, and exceeding the bracteas. Dranwn-out-leaved Weinmannia. ‘Tree. Cult. The species of Weinmdnnia will grow in any light rich soil; and cuttings will strike root in the same kind of soil, under a hand-glass, in heat. None of the species are worth cultivating for ornament. II. LEIOSPE’RMUM (from soc, leios, smooth, and omeppa, sperma, a seed; in reference to the seeds being smooth). D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. april, 1830.—Weinmannia, species of authors. Lin. syst. Octdndria, Digynia. Calyx 4-cleft, deciduous. Petals 4. Stamens 8. Disk hypogynous, flat, entire. Styles 2. Capsule opening at the top at the dissepiments ; cells many- seeded. Seeds oblong, glabrous.—Trees, natives of New Zea- land, with simple crenated leaves, jointed petioles, caducous stipulas, and racemose flowers ; with the pedicels scattered, not in fascicles. 1 L. racemdsum (D. Don, |. c.) petioles jointed at the apex ; racemes usually solitary. h. G. Native of New Zealand. Weinmannia racemdsa, Murr. syst. veg. p 376. Lin. suppl. p. 227. Leaves elliptic, beautifully veined beneath, 2-3 inches long. Racemes terminal, usually twin, 3-4 inches long. Racemose-flowered Leiospermum. ‘Tree. 2 L. parvirtérum (D. Don, 1. c.) petioles jointed at the base; racemes corymbose. h.G. Native of New Zealand. Wein- mannia parviflora, Forst. prod. p. 29. Leaves elliptic, recurved at the apex, an inch and a half long. Racemes numerous, 14 or 2 inches long. Flowers 3 times smaller than those of the first species. Small-flowered Leiospermum. Tree. Cult. For culture and propagation see Callicoma, p. 201. Not worth growing, unless in botanic gardens. IH. CALDCLU'VIA (named after Alexander Caldcleugh, F.R.S. F.L.S. who has collected and sent home many dried plants from Chili), D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. April, 1830,.—Diete- rica, Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 8. Lin. syst. Oclandria, Dygynia. Calyx membranous, 4-part- ed, deciduous. Petals 4, unguiculate. Stamens 8. Hypogy- nous glands 8, alternating with the stamens ; cells of ovarium many-ovulate, 20-30. Styles 2, rarely 3, thickish. Capsule opening from the top at the dissepiments ; cells many seeded, usually 5-10. Placenta tetragonal. Seeds fusiform, glabrous ; testa larger than the nucleus, membranous, loose, elongated, and subarillate at the base.—A tree, native of Chili, with simple, ser- rated, glabrous leaves; jointless pedicels ; twin, subfalcate, tooth- ed, caducous stipulas ; terminal panicled flowers ; woody cap- sule, and the seeds nearly as in Philadélphus. oe 1 C. panicura'ta (D. Don, l. c.) h. G. Native of Chili, near Talcahuano, and in moist places at Conception. Wein- mannia paniculata, Cav. icon. 6. p. 44. t. 565. Weinm. corym- bosa, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 4. t. 330. f. b. ined. Weinmannla Chilénsis, D. C. prod. 4. p. 665. Dietérica paniculata, Ser. m D.C. prod. 4. p. 8. Panicled-flowered Caldcluvia. Tree. Cult. For culture and propagation see Callicoma, p. 201. IV. PLATY'LOPHUS (from zdarve, platys, broad, and Aogoc, lophos, a crest; the capsule is so much compressed at the apex as to appear winged). D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. April, 1830.—Weinmannia species of Lin. Lix. syst. Octo-Decéndria, Digynia. Calyx 4, but some- times 5-cleft, permanent. Petals 4, rarely 5, permanent, trifid ; CUNONIACEZ. V. Cunonta. VI. ARNOLDIA. segments linear, acute, sometimes unidentate. Stamens 8 or 10. Disk hypogynous, urceolate, entire ; cells of ovarium biovulate. Styles very short. Capsule membranous, reticulated, flattened into a bifid wing at the apex, ventricose at the base, 2-celled ; cells 1-seeded. Seed large, arched, with a smooth coriaceous testa.—An elegant tree, native of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves petiolate, ternate ; leaflets sessile, lanceolate, acuminated, sharply serrated, coriaceous, glabrous, reticulated with many veins. Flowers terminal, panicled. 1 P. rrironia'tus (D. Don, 1. c.) h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, where the tree is called white ash by the English colonists. Weinmannia trifoliata, Lin. fil. suppl. 227. Thunb. prod. p. 77. exclusive of the synonyme of Lamark. Trifoliate Platylophus. Clt. 1820. Tree. Cult. For culture and propagation see Callicoma, below. V. CUNO'NIA (dedicated by Linnzeus to John Christian Cuno, of Amsterdam, who described his own garden in verse in 1750). Lin. gen. 556. ed. Schreb. 761. Juss. gen. p. $10. Geertn. fruct. p. 344. t. 225. D. Don in edinb. phil. journ. 1830. April.—Osterdykia, Burm. afr. 259. t. 96. Lin. syst. Decdndria, Digynia. Calyx 5-cleft; segments deciduous. Petals 5, entire. Stamens 10. Disk hypogynous, small. Capsule opening from the base at the dissepiments ; cells many seeded. Seeds oblong, compressed, smooth, winged, with a rather loose membranous testa. Cotyledons somewhat foliaceous.—Smooth trees, with impari-pinnate leaves, serrated coriaceous leaflets, large caducous interpetiolar stipulas, and with the flowers disposed in axillary racemes or panicles. 1 C. Caps'nsts (Lin. spec. p. 569.) shrubby; leaflets 5-7, lanceolate, coriaceous, serrated ; racemes spicate, opposite ; pe- dicels numerous, in fascicles. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lam. ill. t. 371. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 826. Flowers white. Cape Cunonia. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1816. Shrub 6 feet. 2 C. I'yptca (Blum. bijdr. p. 867.) shrubby; leaves some- what ternately pinnate; leaflets ovate-oblong, acuminated, ob- liquely subcordate at the base, doubly serrated; panicles axil- lary, clothed with rusty tomentum. h.S. Native of Java, in woods on the higher mountains. - Indian Cunonia. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 3 C. Crxe’sica (Blum. 1. c.)arboreous ; leaflets ovate-oblong, acuminated, serrated: lateral ones oblique at the base ; panicles corymbose, axillary. k. S. Native of the Celebes, on the mountains. Celebes Cunonia. Tree 20 to 30 feet. Cult. See Callicoma for culture and propagation. VI. ARNO'LDIA (named in memory of Joseph Arnold, M.D. who accompanied Sir Stamford Raffles to the East Indies, where he collected many plants; and the discoverer of the gigantic flower Rafflésia Arnéldi in the Island of Sumatra). Blum, bijdr. p. 868. D. C. prod. 4. p. 12. Lin. syst. Octdndria, Digýnia. Stamens 8, interposed by glands. Ovarium didymous, biovu- late. Styles 2, incurved: stigmas simple. Carpels 2, connate at the base, solitary from abortion, beaked by the styles, i seeded, opening lengthwise on the inside.—TIndian shrubs, with opposite branches and leaves. Leaves impari-pinnate, glabrous. Stipulas interpetiolar, orbicular, deciduous. Racemes axillary and terminal, twin or tern. 7 1 A. pivna‘ra (Blum. 1. c.) leaves with 4-5 pairs of lanceo- late, bluntly serrated coriaceous leaflets ; stipulas deciduous ; racemes usually twin. kh. S. Native of Java, in mountain woods, where it is called Keringit. Spiree'a pinnata, Blume, cat. hort. buit. p. 76. VOL, Ul. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4. VII. PTEROPRHYLLA. VIII. Carycomts. IX. Catricoma. 201 Pinnate-leaved Arnoldia. Shrub. 2-A. HETEROPHY'LLA (Blum. l. c.) lower leaves with two pairs of leaflets, and an odd one: upper ones ternate or simple; leaf- ° lets lanceolate, distantly serrulated ; racemes twin or tern. h. S. Native of Java, in mountain woods in the province of Bamtam. Variable-leaved Arnoldia. Shrub. Cult. For culture and propagation see Weinmánnia, p. 200. VII. PTEROPHY’LLA (from rrepov, pteron, a wing, and guddov, phyllon, a leaf; so called in reference to the large folia- ceous stipulas). D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. April, 1830. Lix. syst. Octándria, Digynia. Calyx 4-cleft, deciduous. Petals 4. Stamens 8. Styles 2, very short, incurved. Ovarium 2-celled. Capsule ?—A tree, native of the Moluccas. Leaves impari-pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, bluntly acuminated, crenated, glabrous, glaucous beneath, oblique at the base, 3 inches long : the odd or terminal one ona longer petiole than the others. Stipulas large, foliaceous, reniform, quite entire, deciduous. Flowers minute, polygamous, in spicate racemes, Racemes erect, terminal, aggregate, rather panicled, a hand Jong. Ovarium densely clothed with wool. 1 P. rraxrnea(D. Don, l. c.) h.S. Native of the Island of Honimao, one of the Moluccas. Weinmannia? fraxinea, Smith, herb. Ash-like Pterophylla. Tree. Cult. See Weinméannia, p. 200. for culture and propagation. VIII. CALY'COMIS (from cadvé, kalyx, a calyx, and copy, kome, hair ; in allusion to the tufts of flowers). R. Br. in gen. rem. p. 17. D. Don in edinb. phil. journ April, 1830. Lin. syst. Decdndria, Digynia. Calyx 5-parted, permanent. Petals 5. Stamens 10. Disk hypogynous, very small. Styles setaceous. Capsule globose, 2-celled, opening at the apex ; cells many seeded. Seeds minute, smooth.—An Australian, erect, evergreen, branched shrub. Leaves simple, nearly sessile, 3 in a whorl, oblongly cordate, acute, coarsely serrated, coria- ceous, glabrous, glaucous beneath, Stipulas peleaceous, per- manent. Flowers small, white, copious, in whorles, pedicellate. Capsule membranous, gaping at the apex nearly as in Heuchéra. 1 C. verticitta‘ra (D. Don, l c) h.G. Native of New Holland, among the mountains on moist rocks. Whorled-flowered Calycomis. Shrub. Cult. For culture and propagation see Callicoma. IX. CALLI'COMA (from xadoc, kalos, beautiful, and koun, kome, hair; appearance of tufted heads of flowers). Andr. bot. rep. t. 566. Lin. syst. Octo-Decdndria, Digynia. Calyx 4-parted, rarely 5-parted (f. 37. a.), permanent. - Petals wanting. Stamens 8, rarely 10 (f. 37. b.). Disk hypogynous, small. Ovarium dis- tinct ; cells many-ovulate. Styles 2, setaceous (f. 37. d.). Cap- sule inclosed in the calyx, which is permanent, dehiscing at the dissepiments ; cells ventricose, 1-2-seeded from abortion. Seeds ovate, scabrous from minute papillz on every side, like those of Saxifraga; with a crustaceous testa.—Trees, natives of Aus- tralia. Leaves simple, petiolate, serrated; petioles jointless. Stipulas membranous, bidentate, caducous. Flowers capitate ; heads terminating the tops of the branchlets, pedunculate, glo- * bose. 1 C. SERRATIFÒLIA (Andr. l. c.) leaves lanceolate, acumi- nated, hoary beneath, attenuated at the base. h. G. Native of New Holland, where the tree is called black wattle by the English colonists. Delaun, herb. amat. t. 299. Sims, bot. mag. 1811. Còdia serratifòlia, Ser. mss. ex D. Ç. prod. 4. p. 7. Dd 202 CUNONIACEZ. IX. CALLICOMA. Flowers yellow. The twigs are FIG. 37. used for making baskets in New Holland. Perhaps the flowers are dioecious. (f. 37.) - Saw -leaved Callicoma. FI. May, Aug. Clt. 1793. Shrub. 2 C. rerrucinea (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. April, 1830.) leaves oblong, acute, cuneated at the base, clothed with rusty to- mentum beneath, and on the branchlets. h. G. Native of New Holland, on the banks of rivers. Rusty Callicoma. Shrub. 3 C. Brtvaxpre'r1 (D. Don, |. c.) leaves 3 in a whorl, nearly sessile, elliptic, retuse, crenulated, glabrous. of New Holland ? La Billardier’s Callicoma. Shrub. Cult. A genus of very pretty shrubs; they will thrive well in amixture of loam and peat; and ripened cuttings root readily in sand under a hand-glass. : h.G. Native Cédia montana, Labill. mss. in herb. Lamb. X. CERATOPE’TALUM (from xepac, keras, a horn, and merador, petalon, a petal; the petals are jagged so as to resemble a stag’s horn). Smith, nov. holl. 1. p. 9. t. 3. Lin. syst. Decdndria, Digýnia. Calyx with a 5-parted per- manent limb (f. 38. a.). Petals 5 (f.-38.6.), linear, multifid, stiff, permanent, or wanting. Stamens 10; anthers cordate, ter- minated by a beak-formed process (f. 38. c.). Ovarium half inferior, 2-celled, few-ovulate. Capsule 1-seeded from abor- tion, dehiscing at the apex. Seed round, with a thick crusta- ceous testa.—Trees, natives of New Holland, with ternate or simple serrated glabrous leaves, standing on petioles, which are jointed at the apex. Stipulas undivided, rather foliaceous, ca- ducous. Flowers terminal, panicled. “ Leaves ternate ; flowers with petals. FIG. 38. 1 C. cummY FERUM (Smith, nov. koll. te 3.) kh. G: Native of New Holland, where it is called red gum-tree by the English co- lonists. (f. 38.) Gum - bearing Ceratopetalum. Clt. 1820. Tree 50 feet. ** Leaves simple; flowers ape- talous. 2 C. apr’tatum (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. April, 1830.) leaves lanceolate. h.G. Native of New Holland. Ceratopétalum monopétalum, Caley, mss, Per- haps the flowers are sometimes furnished with one petal ? Apeialous Ceratopetalum. Tree. 3 C. monta’num (D. Don, l. c.) leaves linear-lanceolate. H: G. Native of New Holland, on the mountains. Mountain Ceratopetalum. Tree. Cult. For culture and propagation see Callicoma above. XI. SCHIZOMERIA (from exiLw, schizo, to cut, and pepee, meris, a part; in reference to the cut petals). D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. April, 1830. Lin. syst. Decdndria, Digynia. Calyx 5-cleft, permanent. 8 X. CERATOPETALUM, XI. Scuizomerta. XII. Copra, XIII. BELANGERA, Petals 5, jagged, deciduous. Stamens 10; anthers cordate, awnless. Ovarium superior, 2-celled; ovula many. Styles 2, very short, recurved. Capsule baccate? closed at the apex. Seeds unknown.—A tree, native of New Holland. Leaves simple, petiolate, elliptic-oblong, acute, serrated, coriaceous, glabrous, with the veins numerous and reticulated beneath : pe- tioles articulated at the base. Stipulas undivided, caducous, Flowers small, white, panicled. Panicle terminal, much branched. 1 S. ova`ra (D. Don, l.c.) h. G. Native of New Holland. Ceratopétalum ovatum, Caley, mss. Ovate-leaved Schizomeria. Clt. 1825. Shrub 8 to 10 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Callicoma above. Tribe Il. CODIE'Æ. Stamens definite. Ovarium inferior. XII. CODIA (from kwdeca, kodeia, a little ball, in reference to the flowers, which grow in little round heads). Forst. gen. p. 59. t. 50. Labill, sert. caled. p. 45. t. 46. Lin. syst. Octo-Decándria, Digijnia. Calyx permanent, with a 4-5-parted limb. Petals 4-5. Stamens 8-10. Ovarium 2-celled? adhering to the tube of the calyx. Styles densely pubescent. Capsule closed at the apex, usually 1-seeded from abortion. Seed roundish, smooth, with a bony testa; albumen very sparing ; cotyledons rather foliaceous; radicle very short. —A shrub, with simple, elliptic, obtuse, quite entire, glabrous, coriaceous leaves; jointless petioles; caducous stipulas ; and small, white, capitate flowers. Heads of flowers globose, pe- dunculate, axillary. Ovarium densely woolly. Stigmas simple, obtuse. 1 C. monta‘na (Forst. gen. l. c. icon. ined. t. 35. Labill. sert. l.c.) p. G. Nativeof New Caledonia. Flowers yellow? Mountain Codia. Shrub 6 to 8 feet ? Cult. For culture and propagation see Callicoma above. Tribe II. BAUE'REE (plants agreeing with Bauéra in having indefi- nite stamens). Stamens indefinite. Ovarium distinct. XIII. BELANGE'RA (in honour of — Belanger, Director of the Royal Garden at Pondicherry, who has travelled in many parts of Persia and India, where he collected a copious herba- rium). Cambess. in St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 203.—Polystémon, D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. April, 1830. Lin. syst. Icosándria, Digynia. Calyx deeply 6-parted ; segments reflexed, deciduous, valvate in cestivation. Petals wanting. Stamens indefinite, disposed in many series; fila- ments subulate, glabrous ; anthers 2-celled, bursting lengthwise. Disk girding the base of the ovarium. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells many-ovulate ; ovula flattened, fixed to the middle of the dis- sepiment in 2 rows. Capsule superior, 2-celled, 2-valved, 2- beaked ; valves at length bifid; cells many-seeded. Seeds compressed, ending in a wing at the apex.—Small, Brazilian trees, with opposite branches, and opposite stalked „leaves. Leaves with 3 or 5 leaflets. Stipulas interpetiolar, foliaceous, deciduous. Flowers racemose; racemes simple, axillary. Ova- rium densely tomentose, Capsule coriaceous. Stamens erect in the bud. 1 B. cra gra (Cambess. in St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 204. t. 115.) leaves trifoliate ; leaflets oblong, narrow at the base, serrated, glabrous ; capsule smoothish. h, S. Native of Brazil, on Serra Negra, in the province of Minas Geraes. Glabrous Belangera. Tree. i 2 B. cunza'ta (Cambess. l. c. p. 204.) leaves trifoliate i leaflets oblong-cuneated, sharply serrated, puberulous beneath ; capsule clothed with hairy tomentum : hairs rufescent. > Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes. CUNONIACEA. XIII. BELANGERA. Cuneate-leafletted Belangera. Tree. 3 B. romentosa (Cambess. l. c. p. 205. t. 116.) leaves tri- foliate ; leaflets oblong, acuminated, sharply serrated, tomentose beneath ; capsule clothed with white tomentum. h. S. Na- tive of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, near Tejuco, Barbacena, &c., and near the town of St. Paul. Polystémon triphyllus, D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. April, 1830. Tomentose Belangera. Tree. 4 B. specidsa (Cambess. l. c. p. 206. t. 117.) leaves of 5 leaflets ; leaflets ovate-elliptic or lanceolate, acute, sharply ser- rated, glabrous. h. S. Native of Brazil, in that part of the province of Minas Geraes called Minas Novas. Polystémon pentaphyllus, D. Don, in edinb. phil. mag. April, 1830. Beautiful Belangera. Tree. Cult. See Weinmánnia, p. 200., for culture and propagation. XIV. BAUE‘RA (named in honour of Francis and Ferdinand Bauer, two celebrated German draughtsmen). Salisb. in ann. bot. p. 512. t. 10. Lin.esyst. Icosdndria, Trigynia, Calyx 6-10-parted (f. 39. a.). Petals 6-10 (f. 39. c.). Stamens numerous, disposed in a double order; anthers peltate (f. 39. d.); cells connate, bursting lengthwise: Styles 2 (f. 39. b.), glabrous; stigmas simple, obtuse. Capsule superior, 2-celled, 2-valved, opening at the apex by a transverse chink ; cells few-seeded; dissepi- ment placentiferous. Seeds oblong-cylindrical, erect, branched, leafy, roughish from resinous atoms.—Small shrubs, natives of New Holland. Leaves 6 in a whorl, approximating by threes, and therefore as it were opposite and ternate, exstipulate. Flowers rosaceous, axillary, solitary, pedunculate. FIG. 39. 1 B. rusiæròLIA (Salisb. in ann. bot. 1. p. 514. t. 10.) leaves lanceolate, crenated ; flowers po- lypetalous. b. G. Native of New Holland. B. rubioides, Andr. bot. rep. t. 198. Sims, bot. mag. 715. Vent. malm. t. 96. Calyx 8-10-cleft. Corolla 8-10-petalled, pale red, or pink. Rubia-leaved Bauera. FI. Jul. Deck. Olt 1793. Sh. 1 to-2 ft; 2 B. numis (Sweet, hort. suburb. p. 124.) leaves oblong, crenated; flowers polypetalous. h.G. Native of New Holland. Lodd. bot. 1197. Calyx 8-10- cleft. Corolla 8-10-petalled, red, one half smaller than those of B. rubief dlia, and the plant is altogether much smaller. Humble Bauera. Fl. July, Dec. Clt. 1804. Shrub 1 foot. 3 B. Butrarpie‘rt (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. April, 1830.) leaves lanceolate, nearly quite entire; flowers with 6 petals. h.G. Native of Van Diemen’s Land. B. rubioides, Labill. mss. Habit of the rest. La Billardier’s Bauera. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 4 B. micropuy't1a (Sieb. pl. exsic. nov. holl. no. 289. D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. April, 1830.) leaves elliptic-oblong, quite entire; flowers with 6 petals. h.G. Native of New Holland. Leaves like those of Thymus serpyllum. Flowers smaller than those of B. rubiefolia, red. Small-leaved Bauera. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 5 B. carrra`ra (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 13.) leaves oblong, 3-lobed at the apex; flowers terminal, capitate, sessile. h.G. Native of New Holland, on the western coast. Capitate-flowered Bauera. Shrub. : Cult. The species of this genus are very pretty little shrubs, which flower nearly the whole year through ; they are therefore XIV. Bavera. XV. Gerssoris. GALACINE. 203 very desirable plants for a greenhouse or conservatory. They are rather hardy, and easily cultivated. An equal mixture of sandy loam and peat is the best soil for them; and young cut- tings root freely in the same kind of soil, under a bell glass. Tribe IV. SYMPHYO'GYNEE (from cupgvw, symphyo, to join, and yurn, gyne, a style; styles joined). Stamens definite. Ovarium free. Styles connate. XV. GEI’SSOIS (from yewcor, geisson, the house-eaves ; seeds imbricated like the tiles on a house). Labill. sert. cal. p. 50. t. 50. D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. April, 1830. Lin. syst. Octdndria, Monoginia, Calyx deciduous. Pe- tals wanting. Stamens 8. Style 1, with the base remaining ; stigmas 2, simple. Capsule compressed, 2-celled, 2-valved ; cells many-seeded. Seeds compressed, winged, with a mem- branous testa.—A tree, with opposite, petiolate, quinate leaves ; elliptic, obtuse, quite entire leaflets, which are pubescent be- neath ; oblong, ribbed, undivided, caducous stipulas ; and axil- lary, many-flowered racemes, which are either solitary or by threes. 1 G. racemosa (Labill. sert. caled. p. 50. t. 50.). Native of New Caledonia. Racemose Geissois. Tree. Cult. For culture and propagation see Callicoma, p 202. h.G. Orper CXXI. GALACI'N& (plants agreeing with Galax in important characters). D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. Oct. 1828.—Francoaceze, Adr. de Juss. in ann. des scien. vol. 25. bie a Calyx 4-5-parted, permanent. Petals 4-5, hypogynous, cadu- cous, alternating with the calycine segments; stamens 8-10-16, hypogynous, joined into a tube, which is toothed at the apex, or distinct; filaments or alternate teeth antheriferous. Ovarium com- posed of 3 or 4 follicles, which are joined, therefore 3-4-celled ; ovula indefinite ; stigma composed of 3-4 joined ones, undivided or 4-lobed. Capsule 3-4-celled, 3-4-valved ; valves bearing the dissepiments in the middle. Central placenta none. Seeds nu- merous, minute, scobiform, inserted in the inner angle of the cells ; outer testa loose, membranous, cellular: inner one very thin, closely adhering to the albumen. Albumen copious, fleshy. Embryo erect, terete, with short cotyledons, and a long cylin- drical centripetal radicle-—Perennial American herbs. Leaves radical, simple, lyrate, pinnatifid or serrated; the teeth tip- ped each by a gland. Flowers terminal, copious, disposed in spicate racemes ; pedicels 1-flowered, propped each by a per- manent bracteole. This order differs from Saxifragacee by the presence of sterile stamens, alternating with the fertile ones; in the absence of a central placenta; and in the frequent quaternary arrangement, in the parts of the calyx and corolla. Synopsis of the genera. 1 Ga‘tax. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens joined into a tube, which is 10-toothed: the alternate teeth antheriferous ; anthers 1-celled. Stigma entire. Capsule 3-celled. 2 Francoa. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4. Stamens distinct, pd 2 204 GALACINE. I. Garax. G8 af which are fertile; anthers 2-celled. Stigma 4-lobed. Capsule tetragonal, 4-celled. 3 Tetr’tia. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4, unequal. Stamens 8. Styles 2, very short. Capsule 2-celled. I. GALAX (from yada, gala, milk; in reference to the whiteness of the flowers). Lin. gen. 276. Juss. gen. 420.— Blandfordia, Andr. bot. rep. t. 343.—Viticélla, Mitch. gen. 24. Lin. syst. Penténdria, Monogiynia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens joined into a tube, which is 10-toothed at the apex : the alternate teeth bearing anthers ; anthers 1-celled: cell trans- verse. Stigma of 3 joined ones, therefore trigonal, 3-furrowed. Ovarium villous. Capsule 3-celled, destitute of any central column. Seeds mucronate at both ends, as in Acispdra of De Candolle—A small herbaceous plant; with radical cordate stiff crenated leaves ; and naked scapes (f. 40. c.), bearing a loose, spicate raceme of small white flowers at the apex. FIG. 40. 1 G. arny’txa (Lin. spec. 289.). u%.H. Native of Vir- ginia. Sims, bot. mag. 754. Anonymus or Belvedere. Clayt. no. 4. Gron. virg. 25.—Bland- fórdia cordàta, Andr. bot. rep. t. 343. Leafless Galax. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1786. Pl. 4 to 4 foot. Cult. This is a pretty little plant ; succeeds best in peat soil, and if planted out in a moist situation, will grow and flower freely. It is increased by divid- ing at the roots. IJ. FRANCO‘A (to the memory of F. Franco, M.D. of Valen- tia, a promoter of botany in the 16th century). Cav. in ann. se. nat. matr. 4. p. 237. icon. 4. p. 76. t. 596. D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. Oct. 1826. Adr.de Juss. 1. c. p. 6. j Lin. syst. Octándria, Tetragýnia. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4, spatulate, with their nerves pinnate and branched towards the apex. Stamens 16, only 8 of which are antheriferous, these are subulate or setaceous, and tapering at the apex; the 8 sterile ones are flattened, obtuse, shorter and broader ; anthers cordate, 2-celled, 2-lobed at the base: cells confluent at the apex. Ovarium bluntly 4-sided, 4-celled, with 4 furrows, which are opposite the dissepiments. Style very short, or wanting ; stigma 4-lobed : lobes dilated, obtuse, and pruinose. Capsule tetragonal, having the angles drawn out a little at the apex into 4 tubercles, 4-celled, 4-valved; cells prominent, de- hiscing by a longitudinal suture, many-seeded; dissepiments formed from a double lamina. smooth, mutic.— Perennial herbs, natives of Chili, beset with simple, deciduous hairs. Leaves lyrate, nearly like those of the turnip, reticulately veined; lobes roundish, toothed : terminal one large, cordate, obtuse, sinuately toothed; teeth terminated each by a gland. Flowers red, terminal, copious, in spicate ra- cemes, which are disposed in a panicle; pedicels 1-flowered. 1 F. appenpicuza‘’ra (Cav. in ann. se. nat. matr. 4. p- 273. icon. 4. p. 76. t. 596.) stemless; leaves petiolate; racemes loose, secund; calycine segments lanceolate, acute; lobes of stigma cuneated, emarginate. 2%. F. Native of the island of San Carlos de Chiloe. D. Don, in Sweet, fl. gard. new ser. t. 151.—Herb hairy. Leaves petiolate, lyrate. Scape nearly sim- ple. Petals pale red, marked each by a deeper spot in the middle. Fertile filaments 3 times longer than the sterile ones. II, Francoa. Seeds ovate-oblong, fuscescent, - III. Terra. SAXIFRAGACEZ. Appendiculated Francoa. FÌ. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1830. PI. 2 ft. 2 F. soncniror1a (Cav. icon. 4. in a note. D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. Oct. 1826.) plant caulescent; leaves sessile; ra- cemes loose, nodding ; calycine segments dilated ; petals with in- volute margins; stigmas elliptic, entire. 2. F. Native of Chili, D. Don, in Sweet, fl. gard. new ser. t. 169. Panke sonchifdlia, Willd. spec. 2. p. 487. Herb hairy. Leaves sessile, lyrate, at length naked. Racemes nodding at the apex. Flowers secund, drooping. Flowers scarlet, marked with a deeper spot in the middle of each petal. Fertile filaments hardly 3 times longer than the more slender sterile ones. Son-thistle-leaved Francoa. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1830. Pi. 2 to 3 feet. 3 F. ramòsa (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. Oct. 1826.) plant caulescent; leaves petiolate; racemes spicate, erect; calycine segments lanceolate, obtuse, nerveless; lobes of stigma cuneated. y. F. Native of Chili, near Santiago. Herb erect, branched, hairy. Stem furnished with small, petiolate, simple, deeply- toothed leaves. Radical leaves not seen, but they are probably lyrate. Flowers smaller and more numerous than in the rest of the species, neither are they secund, but disposed on every side of the racemes, erect; petals obovate, obtuse. Fertile filaments 4 times longer than the flattened, obtuse, sterile ones. Style distinct, but very short; stigma 4-lobed; lobes cuneated, emarginate, or 2-lobed, thick, with revolute margins. Branched Francoa. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1831. Pl. 2 to 3 ft. Obs.—The Panketinctdria of Molina belongs to a very dis- tinct genus from Francoa. $ Cult. The species of Francòa are beautiful plants when in flower, and deserve a place in every garden. A mixture of peat and sand is the best soil for them; they should be grown in pots, well drained with sherds, to prevent their rotting. The protection of a frame is sufficient for them in winter; or they may be planted out in the open ground, in a warm sheltered situation, where they will probably survive the winter by a little protection. They are only to be increased by seeds. II. TETI’LLA (the Chili name of the plant). 4, p. 667. Adr. de Juss. in ann. scienc. p. 7. Lin. syst. Octdndria, Digiynia. Calyx 4-parted ; lobes oval, equal. Petals 4, the 2 superior ones roundish-ovate, large; the 2 inferior ones small, oblong. Stamens 8. Ova- rium ovate, clothed with glandular pubescence. Styles 2; very short, smoothish, slender. Capsule 2-celled, dehiscing at the apex at the dissepiments, many-seeded.—A smoothish slender herb. Radical leaves on long petioles, orbicular, pro- foundly cordate, with the recess closed, palmately 3-nerved, sinuately toothed ; recesses broad, obtuse, mucronulate. Scape erect, naked, simple. Racemes elongated ; pedicels short, 1- flowered, longer than the bracteas ; larger petals cream-coloured, red at the base, smaller ones red. : 1 T. nyprocoryLæròra (D. C. l. c.) Y. F. Native of Chili, at Concon, in the mountains of Leone, where it is called Tetilla by the natives. Hodrocotyle-leaved Tetilla. PÌ. 1 to 2 feet. Cult. This is a curious and beautiful plant. Its culture and propagation are the same as that recommended for the species of the genus Francòa. D. C. prod. Order CXXII. SAXIFRAGA'CEZ (plants agreeing with Saxifraga in important characters). D. C. prod. 4. p. Ie Saxífragæ, Juss. gen. p. 308.—Saxifràgeæ, Vent. tabl. 3. p- 277, D. C. fi. franc. 4, p. 358. SAXIFRAGACEZ. Calyx either superior or inferior, of 4 or 5 sepals (f. 42. a. f. 43. a.), which cohere more or less at their base. Petals 5 (f. 42. b. f. 45. d.) or wanting, inserted between the lobes of the calyx. Stamens 5-10, inserted either into the calyx or beneath the ovarium; therefore they are either perigynous or hypogy- nous ; anthers 2-celled, bursting lengthwise. Disk either hypo- gynous or perigynous, sometimes obsolete, sometimes annular and notched, rarely consisting of 5 scales. Ovarium inferior, or nearly superior, usually consisting of 2 or 5 carpels (f. 42. d. f. 46. e. f, 48. e.) or follicles, cohering more or less on the inner side, but distinct at the apex; sometimes 2-celled, with a cen- tral placenta; sometimes 1-celled, with parietal placentas, rarely 4-5-celled. Styles none; stigmas sessile on the tips of the lobes of the ovarium (f. 42. e. f. 52.c.). Fruit generally a membranous 1-2-celled capsule, with 2 bracteas, rarely a 4-5- celled 4-5-valved capsule, and sometimes a 4-celled berry. Seeds numerous, very minute, usually with long hexagonal reticula- tions on the side of a transparent testa. Embryo terete, in the axis of a fleshy albumen, with the radicle next the hylum.— Shrubs or herbs, variable in habit. Leaves simple, either divided or entire, alternate, without stipulas. Flower-stems simple, often naked. : The plants of this order agree in some respects with the her- baceous part of Rosdcee, with which they agree in habit, and from which they differ in their polyspermous partially concrete carpella, albuminous seeds, and want of stipulas. From Cunoni- ace they are divided by their habit, and by the want of To Caryophjllee their habit allies them; but they differ in the insertion of their stamens, the situation of the em- bryo, and otherwise. Grossularite agree very much in the structure of the flowers, but differ from them in the capsular fruit, usually 2-celled ovarium, in the seeds being without aril, furnished with a short podosperm, not gelatinous on the outside, and in the more fleshy albumen and habit. From Crassulacee they differ in the fewer carpella, which are joined together, and usually with the calyx; and in having no glands on the inner side of the carpella. From Umbellifere they are easily distin- guished in the carpella or cells of the ovarium being dehiscent and many seeded, not indehiscent and 1-seeded, in the form of the petals, in the absence of vittee, and in habit. From Vibir- nee, to which the tribe Hydrángeæ comes very near, in the fruit being capsular, not baccate, and in the styles being exserted, not wanting, &c. From Vaccinièæ, Campanulacee, Ericee, Gen- tidnee, in the corolla being polypetalous, not gamopetalous. The genus Drumméndia has the stamens equal in number to the petals, and opposite them; thus indicating some analogy to the monopetalous Primulacee. According to De Candolle the whole order is more or less astringent. The root of Heuchéra Americana is a power- ful astringent, whence it is called in North America alum- root, Barton, 2. p. 162. Otherwise they possess no known properties ; for the old idea of their being lithontriptic ap- pears to have been derived from their name, rather than their virtues. stipulas. Synopsis of the genera. Trige I. Saxirra‘ceH (plants agreeing with Saxifraga in being herba- ceous). D. C. prod. 4. p. 17.—Sazxifràgeæ, R.Br. gen. rem. exclusive of Hydrangea. § 1. Stamens twice the number of the petals or sepals. 1 Saxrrraca. Calyx 5-parted (f. 41. a. f. 42. a.) Pe- tals 5 (f. 41. b. f. 42. b. f. 46. c.), on short claws, entire. Stamens 10 (f. 42. c. f. 46. d.). Capsule adnate to the calyx or free, composed of 2 carpella (f. 42. d.), which are usually joined even to the style, many seeded (f. 42. f.). 2 Ertoey'nta. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, hardly unguiculate. Stamens 20, monadelphous at the base. Ovaries 4-6, free, con- nected together by dense wool. Carpels distinct, 4-6, free from the calyx, many seeded. 3 LEPTARRHE'NA. Calyx 5-parted (f. 47. a.). Petals 5 (f. 47. b.), entire, on short claws. Stamens 10; anthers (f. 47. c.), 1-celled, 2-valved. Capsule composed of 2 carpels (f. 47. e.), which are joined at the base, many seeded. 4 CurysospLe‘nium. Tube of calyx adhering to the ovarium; limb 4-5-lobed. Petals wanting. Stamens 8-10. Styles 2. Capsule 2-valved and 2-beaked, at length 1-celled and many seeded. 5 Mire’ta. Stamens 10. many seeded. 6 Tr’tuma. Free part of the calyx inflated, 5-toothed (f. 49. b.), the adhering part conical. Petals 5 (f. 49. c.), jagged. Stamens 10 (f. 49. a.). Styles 2-3, distinct. Capsule (f. 49. /.), 1-celled, 2-valved at the apex. 7 Drumménpia. Calyx with an obconical tube (f. 50. b.), and a 5-cleft limb. Petals 5 (f. 50. c.), pinnatifid. Stamens 5. Stigmas 2, spreading, 2-lobed. Capsule 1-celled, 2-valved, many seeded (f. 50. d.). 8 Tiarn'tia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, unguiculate, entire. Stamens 10. Styles 2. Capsule 1-celled, 2-valved, adnate to the bottom of the calyx ; valves unequal, dehiscing between the styles. Seeds numerous. 9 Astrtee. Calyx deeply 4-5-parted, coloured. Petals wanting. Stamens 8-10, Styles 2; stigmas truncate. Capsule 2-celled, 2-beaked, many seeded. Calyx 5-lobed. Petals 5, jagged or toothed. Styles 2, joined. Capsule 1-celled, 2-valved, § 2. Stamens equal in number to the petals, or fewer, and alternating with them. 10 Hevcne’ra. Calyx 5-cleft (f. 51. b.). Petals 5 (f. 51. a.), undivided. Stamens 5. Styles 2 (f. 51. c.), very long, distinct. Capsule crowned by the dead flower, 1-celled, dehiscing between the styles (f. 51. d.). Seeds rough. 11 Downa rtia. Tube of calyx turbinate; limb truncate, with 2 opposite acuminated triangular teeth. Petals 9 (8-10, Forst.), narrow. Stamens 3. Styles 3-5. Ovarium 2-3-celled; ovula numerous, Fruit capsular. 206 12 LEPUROPE'TALUM. formed. Stamens 5. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, scale- Styles 3, somewhat concrete at the base. Capsule 1-celled, 3-valved at the apex, many seeded. 13 Vaura. Limb of calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, spreading, undivided. Stamens 5. Styles 2, capitate at the apex. Cap- sule I-celled, 2-valved at the apex, 5-furrowed, crowned by the lobes of the calyx. Seeds convex on the outside. 14 Cryprope’ratum. Calyx turbinate, 5-cleft. Petals 5, minute, spatulate. Stamens 5. Styles 3. Capsule 1-celled, 8-valved, opening at the cells in the free part, with a parietal placenta in the middle of each valve. Tribe II. Hyprance’% (plants agreeing with Hydrdngea in being shrubby). D.C. prod. 4. p. 13. 15 Hypra’ncrea. Flowers usually of two forms, one fertile and hermaphrodite. Calyx globose, 10-ribbed, rather truncate ; limb 5-toothed. Petals 5. Stamens 10. Styles 2, distinct. Capsule 2-celled, with bent-in valves, dehiscing by a hole be- tween the styles. : 16 Cornipia. Tube of calyx globose ; limb 4-toothed. Pe- tals 4. Stamens 8. Styles 3-4, thick, fleshy. Fruit 4-celled, many seeded. 17 Cranitis. Limb of calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5, rather fleshy. Stamens 10. Styles 3-5; stigmas obtuse. Berry crowned by the teeth of the calyx, somewhat 3-5-celled, many seeded. 18 Apa‘mra. Stamens 10. Limb of calyx with 5 short teeth. Petals 5. Styles 5, ending in rather club-shaped 2-lobed stigmas. Berry crowned by the teeth of the calyx, somewhat 5-celled, many seeded. 19 Brovussarsta. Calyx 5-parted, hemispherical, free from the ovarium. Petals 5, oblong, acuminated, with the acumen reflexed as in umbelliferous plants. Stamens 10, hypogynous. Ovarium roundish, crowned by the short style and truncate stigma, 5-celled; cells many seeded. Tribe I. SAXIFRA‘GEE (plants agreeing with Saxifraga in being herbaceous). D.C. prod. 4. p. 17. Saxifragee, R. Br. gen. rem. exclusive of Hydrangeze. Herbs variable in habit, usually dwarf. Leaves exstipulate, alternate, rarely opposite. Flowers disposed in racemes or panicles, rarely solitary, all fertile. § 1. Stamens twice the number of the petals and sepals. I. SAX FRAGA (from saxum, a stone, and frango, to break; supposed medical virtues in that disease). Lin. gen. 764. Juss. gen. p. 309. Lam. ill. t. 372. Geertn. fruct. 1. p. 177. t. 36. D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 341. Sternb. enum. sax. et suppl. 1. Moretti, tent. sax. Gaudin, fl. helv. 3. p: 83- D. C: prod. 4. p. 17. Lin. syst. Decándria, Digýnia. Calyx 5-cleft (f. 41.a. f. 42. a. f. 46. a.). Petals 5 (f. 42. b. f. 46. c.), entire, unguicu- late. Stamens 10 (f. 42. c. f. 46. d.); anthers 2-celled. Styles 2 (f. 42. e.), permanent. Capsule (f. 42. d.) 2-celled, 2-valved, SAXIFRAGACEÆ. I. SAXIFRAGA. 2-beaked, opening within the beak by an orbicular hole, many seeded. Seeds minute, smooth. Sect. I. Bercr'wia (in honour of Charles Aug. Bergen, author of Flora Francofurtana, in one vol. 8vo. 1750, and other botanical works). Moench, meth. 664. ex D. Don, in Lin. trans, 13. p. 343. Geryònia, Schrank, Tauch, and Sternb.—Eréphe- ron, Tauch, hort. canal. fasc. 1. Megasea, Haw. enum. sax. 6, Calyx campanulate, 5-parted, wrinkled on the outside ; segments conniving. Petals unguiculated, inserted in the calyx. Stamens inserted in the throat of the calyx; filaments subulate ; anthers roundish. Styles hollow inside, full of seeds, joined at the base, at length turgid, and changing into a profoundly bipartite cap- sule; stigmas semiglobose, glabrous ; seeds cylindrical.—Peren- nial herbs, with thick woody roots. Leaves large, fleshy. Pe- tioles furnished by entire membranous stipulas along both sides at the base. Flowers red, disposed in thyrsoid panicles. 1 S. crasstrdtra (Lin. spec. 573.) leaves oval or obovate, very blunt, glabrous, serrulated ; petals elliptic-oblong. h.H. Native of Siberia, on the Alps. Curt. bot. mag. 196. Gmel. fi. sib. 4. p. 166. t. 56. Megasea crassifolia, Haw. enum. sax. p. 6. Flowers large, red. The root is stiptic or astringent when chewed. Var. B, Haworthiana (Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 36.) leaves somewhat orbicularly cordate, flat, hardly crenated. 2. H. Native of Siberia. Megàsea mèdia, Haw. enum., sax. 7. Thick-leaved Saxifraga. Fl. March, May. Cit. 1765. Pl. 1ft. 2 S. corDIròLIA (Haw. misc. nat. 157.) leaves orbicularly cordate, serrated, glabrous; petals roundish. %. H. Native of Siberia, on the Alps. Megasea cordifolia, Haw. enum. sax. 7. Flowers large, red. Heart-leaved Saxifraga. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1779. Pl. 1 ft. 3 S. ricura‘ta (Wall. in asiat. res. 13. p. 398. with a figure) leaves obovate, subcordate, denticulated, quite glabrous on both surfaces, but ciliated on the margins; panicle dichotomous ; petals broad, orbicular. 4. F. Native of Nipaul, and the east of Bengal, on the alps. Lodd. bot. cab. 747. Sweet, fl, gard. t. 59. S. Pacimbis, Buch. mss. Megasea ciliata, Haw. enum. sax. 7. Flowers very pale red, almost white. Var. B, minor (Wall. mss.) leaves much smaller ; flowers more loose, and distant, Ligulate-leaved Saxifrage. Fl. Mar. May. Clt. 1821. Pl. 1 ft. Secr. II. Gyno'rgra (from yuvn, gyne, a style, in botanical language, and mepa, pera, beyond; in reference to the styles being above the stamens). Diptera, Borkh. ex Tausch, 1. c. Au- laxis, Haw. syn. sax. p. 46. Hydatica, Tausch, hort. can. Neck. elem. 2. p. 387. Robertsonia, Haw. syn. succ. p. $11. enum. sax. p. 52. Calyx 5-leaved, reflexed. Petals hypogynous, sessile. Stamens hypogynous; filaments clavate ; anthers kid- ney-shaped. Styles conniving ; stigmas simple, beardless. Cap- sule roundish, naked. Seeds spherical.— Perennial tufted herbs, furnished with short surculi. Leaves fleshy, undivided, for the most part cartilaginously serrated. Scapes erect, branched. Flowers small, panicled, rose-coloured or white, dotted. 3 4 S. cx‘um (Lin. spec. 574.) leaves reniform, crenated, pilose on both surfaces, adult ones crowded and spreading ; petioles very long, nearly terete, villous ; calycine segments ovate, ob- tuse. 2.H. Native of Siberia, Switzerland: and the hills in Ireland, especially on a mountain, near Dingle, in the county 9 Kerry. Sternb. rev. sax. p. 15. Lapeyr. fl. pyr. t. 24. Smith, engl. bot. 1561. S. punctata, Sternb. sax. p. 18. S. umbrosa punctata, Smith, engl. fl. 1. p. 263. Sax. hirsita p, geum, Arnott et Ser. in D.C. prod. 4. p. 42. Robertsdnia géum, Haw. enum. sax. p. 53,—Gmel. sib. 3. p. 161. t. 65. f. 1. a et ee SAXIFRAGACEZ. Petals white or pale red, furnished at the base with red and yellow spots. Var. B, dentàta (Haw. enum. sax. p. 53.) leaves reniform, round, crenately toothed; petals marked with yellow and red dots. 2. H. Native on the mountains of Ireland. Robert- sonia dentata, Haw. syn. p. 323. Sax. dentata, Loud. hort. brit. p. 176. Var. y, crendta (Haw. l. c.) hairy; leaves reniform, round, bluntly crenated. 2.H. Robertsdnia crenata, Haw. l. e. S. crenata, Loud. hort. brit. p. 53. Var. ò, polita (Haw. 1. c.) hairy ; leaves reniform, roundish, sharply toothed, with the surface naked and smooth. %. H Native on the mountains of Ireland. Robertsdnia polita, Haw. l.c. S. polita, Loud. hort. brit. p. 176. Geum Saxifrage. Fl. May, July. Ireland. Pl. 1 foot. 5 S. urrsu'ra (Lin. spec. 574.) leaves oval, acutely serrated, rounded at the base or cordate, pilose on both surfaces, when adult erect; petioles very long, nearly terete, villous ; pedicels elongated, 1-flowered. 2%. H. Native of the Pyrenees and Ireland, on moist rocks; in Ireland on mountains in the county of Kerry. Lapeyr. fl. pyr. sax. p. 45. t. 23. Smith, engl. bot. 2322. Sternb. sax. p. 14. Robertsdnia hirsùta, Haw. enum. sax. p. 54, Petals white, furnished with numerous red and yellow dots. S. hirsùta, var. a, serrata, Arnott, in D. C. prod. 4. p. 42. S. élegans and S. gracilis, Mack. ex Hook. in litt. S. polita, Link. et Hort. Var. B; leaves roundish, cordate, glabrous on both surfaces. Var. y, spheroidea (Haw. enum. sax. p. 54.) leaves broadly oval, somewhat cordate, bluntly crenated, with the surface naked. 2. H. Native of the Pyrenees. Robertsdnia sphe- roidea, Haw. syn. 322. S. spheroidea, Loud. hort. brit. 176. Hairy Saxitrage. Fl. May, June. Ireland. Pl. 4 to 1 ft. 6 S. umprosa (Lin. spec. p. 574.) leaves obovate, retuse, cartilaginously crenated, quite glabrous, crowded and spreading in the adult state; petioles short, compressedly dilated ; pedicels few-flowered. %. H. Native of the Pyrenees and Ireland, in the clefts of rocks and on the mountains. In several parts of Ireland ; plentiful on a mountain called the Mangeston, county of Kerry ; on the mountains of Sligo; on Croagh Patrick, near the Lake of Killarney, in great abundance; in Thorp Arch woods, near Wetherby, Yorkshire; betwixt Arncliffe and Hor- ton, in Craven. Mill. fig. 141. f.2. Lapeyr. pyr. sax. p. 44. t. 22. Smith, engl. bot. 633. Sternb. sax. p. 14. Robert- sonia umbrosa, brévipes, et longipes, Haw. sax. p. 55. S. spa- tularis, Brot. fl. his. 2. p. 172. Petals oval, of a reddish white colour, full of scarlet and yellow dots, with 3 conspicuous branched nerves. The plant is very variable in habit. Var. B, punctata (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 352.) leaves roundish, sharply serrated: adult ones erect; petioles longer. 4%.H. Native of Siberia and Ireland, on the mountains ; also of Kotzebue’s Sound. S. punctita, Lin. spec. p. 574. Sternb. suppl. f.1. S. gracilis, Step. in Sternb. sax. suppl. 1. p- 5. t. 5. but not of Schleich. S. géum; herb. Patrin. S. semidecandra, Worsm. and S. estivalis, ex Fisch. in litt. Robertsdnia punc- tata, Haw. enum. sax. p. 55.—Gmel. sib. 4. p. 161. no. 71. t. 66. Var. y, serratifolia (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 352.) leaves oblong-ovate, deeply serrated : adult ones erect; petioles longer. Y. Native of Ireland, on the mountains. S. serratifolia, Mackay, in lit. Robertsdnia punctata 3, serrata, Haw. enum. sax. p. 55. Shady Saxifrage, None-so-pretty, or London-pride. Fl. April, June. Ireland. Pl. 4 to 1 foot. 7 S. cunerozia (Lin. spec. p. 574.) leaves cuneiform, re- pandly crenated, glabrous: adult ones crowded, spreading ; petioles linear, very narrow, naked ; calycine segments oblong, I. SAXIFRAGA. 207 acute ; petals spatulate. %.H. Native of the Pyrenees, Alps of Switzerland, Styria, Hungary, and Norway. Scop. carn. t. 13. Schmied. fasc. t. 12. no. 37. Waldst. et Kit. hung. 1. p. 43. t. 44. Sternb. sax. p. 14. S. punctata, Gunn. fl. norv. no. 1076. act. hafn. 10. p. 445. t. 3. f. 10.—Gesn. fase. 19. t. 12. f. 87. Morretti, tent. sax. p. 31. Gaudin, fl. helv. 3. p. 97. Robertsdnia cuneifolia, Haw. enum. sax. p. 56. S. cuneifòlia diversifdlia, Ser. in Meisn. anz, 1818. p. 73. Plant tufted. Petals spatulate, furnished with a solitary yellow spot. Var. B, Davirica (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 354.) leaves Opaque, toothed; flowers larger. %. H. Native of Siberia. S. Davirica, Hort. but not of Willd. Robertsonia Datrica, Haw. enum. sax. p. 56. Wedge-leaved Saxifrage. to 4 foot. 8 S. paucirLora (Sternb. rev. sax. suppl. I. p. 6. t. 4. f. 2.) root tufted; leaves roundish or ovate-roundish, toothed, cu- neated at the base, running down the petiole, which is short; petals ovate, unguiculate, longer than the calyx. 2%. H. Na- tive of Siberia and Kamtschatka. Petals spotted. Fen-flowered Saxifrage. Pl. 4 foot. 9 S. spica‘ra (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 354.) leaves on long petioles, orbicularly cordate, sharply serrated, veiny, pilose; petioles dilated at the base; raceme elongated, spike-formed ; calycine segments very short. X4. H. Native of Sledge Island, on the west coast of America. S. géum, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 311. but not of Lin. Plant tufted. Petals elliptic-oblong, dotted, 3-nerved, with the nerves branched. Spike-flowered Saxifrage. Pl. 1 foot. 10 S. Netsonia‘na (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 355.) leaves orbicularly-cordate, somewhat peltate, deeply serrated ; petioles very long, filiform; thyrse ovate. 2/. H. Native of the north- west coast of America, at Cape Newnham, and at Kotzebue’s Sound. Hook. et Arn. in Beech. bot. p. 124. t. 29. Flowers on short pedicels; petals oval, white, dotless; filaments white. A beautiful species. Nelson’s Saxifrage. Pl. 4 to 1 foot. 11 S. areu'ra (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 356.) leaves roundish-reniform, deeply serrated, glabrous ; petioles filiform ; scape slender, smooth; calycine segments oblong, acute. Y. H. Native of the western coast of America. Flowers white, size of those of S. stellaris. Sharp-cut-leaved Saxifrage. Pl. 4 foot. 12 S. srevxa‘ris (Lin. spec. p. 572.) leaves aggregate, rhom- boid-ovate, sessile, acutely toothed, but narrowed, and quite entire at the base; petals ovate, acute, equal, unguiculate ; scape nearly simple. 2%. H. Native on most of the mountains of Scotland, north of England, and nearly throughout the whole of Europe, Siberia, and the western coast of America, on wet shady rocks, and by the sides of rivulets. Fl. dan. t. 23. Jacq. coll. 1. p: 202. t.13. Scop. carn. 1. p. 292. t. 13. Smith, engl. bot. t. 167. Sternb. sax. p. 11. S. Nootkana, Moc. icon. ined. t. 422. Spatularia stellaris, Haw. enum. sax. p. 49. Petals white, elegantly 3-nerved, furnished with 2 yellow spots at the base. Var. B, elata (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 357.) scapes nu- merous, a foot high. 2.H. Native of Siberia. Var. y, angustifolia (D. Don, l. c.) leaves narrower and longer, with few teeth at the apex. %. H. Native of Siberia. Var. ò Schleichért (D. Don, l. c.) leaves obovate, repandly crenated ; scapes humble, flexuous. 2. H. Native of Swit- zerland, on the Alps. S. stellaris, Schleich. in litt. Var. £, Bellérdi (D. Don, 1. c.) plant stemless ; leaves roundish, repand; flowers sessile. Y%.H. Native of the Alps of Pied- mont. S. Bellardi, Allion. pedem. no. 1536. t. 88. f. 1. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1768. Pl, 4 208 Var. Z, dissimilis ; leaves with deep broad teeth. Y.H. Na- tive of Scotland, on the western Highlands. S. dissimilis, G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 176. Var. n, uniflora (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 379. var. a.) plant very minute; scapes l-flowered. 14. H. Native of Switzerland, on the Alps. S. stellaris 6, pumila, Gaudin, fl. helv. 3. p. 100. Var. %ļ, acaúlis (Hall. fil. in Meisn. anz. 1818. p. 76 ) flowers sessile, in the heart of the leaves. Y%. H. Starry Saxifrage. Fl. June, Jul. Scotland. Pl. 4 foot. 13 S. roriorésa (R. Br. in Parry’s lst voy. app. p- 275.) radical leaves cuneated, a little toothed ; scape divided ; branches bearing 1 flower at the apex, covered below by a fascicle of small leaves; calyx inferior, obovate; segments of the petals cordate-lanceolate. 4%. H. Native of Lapland, Melville Island, and other arctic islands. S. stellaris y, Lin. fl. lapp. ed Smith, p. 144. t. 2. f. 3. S. stellaris 8, comdsa, Willd. spec. 2. p. 644. Leafy Saxifrage. PI. 4 foot. 14 S. LEUcanTHEMIFÒLIA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 260.) clothed with clammy pubescence ; leaves crowded, lanceolate- cuneated, acutely and coarsely toothed, quite entire at the base ; scape much branched, diffuse; petals ovate, acute, unguiculate : 3 outer ones the largest. 1%. H. Native of the Pyrenees ; and of North America, in Behring’s Straits, Nootka Sound, on the Rocky Mountains, and at Portage, near the source of the Columbia. Lapeyr. pyr. sax. p. 49. t. 25. Hook, in bot. mag. 2959. S. Clusii, Gouan. ill. p. 28. exclusive of the synonymes. Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 40. S. ferruginea, Graham in edinb. phil. journ. 1828. p. 348. Spatularia Clusii and S. leucanthe- mifòlia, Haw. enum. sax. p. 48. Petals white: 3 outer ones the largest, and with 2 spots at the base: the 2 inner ones much smaller and spotless. Var. B; plant clothed with pubescent tomentum. Y%. H. Native of the north-west coast of America, on Dundas Island, in Queen Charlotte’s Sound. Leucanthemum-leaved Saxifrage. 4 to 3 foot. 15 S. metvarev'ca (Fisch. in Sternb. rev. sax. suppl. 3. t. 3.) leaves roundish ovate, acutish, somewhat denticulated, tapering into the petiole, glabrous; scape few-flowered, also glabrous ; flowers disposed in a somewhat panicled corymb ; calycine seg- ments ovate, acute; petals unguiculate. 2. H. Native of Altaia, on the Alps at the river Tschulyschm, and at Lake Te- letskoje Osero. S. elongata p, glabra, Sternb. rev. sax. p. 9. Petals obovate, pale sulphur coloured, suffused with violet on the outside ; filaments of a pale violet colour, Leaves greenish yellow ; upper part of plant of a deep violet colour. Black and whité Saxifrage. Pl. 4 to $ foot. 16 S. stricdsa (Wall. cat. no. 448.) lower leaves sessile, somewhat rosulate, oblong-lanceolate, few-toothed, mucronate at the apex, clothed with strigose hairs; cauline leaves Janceo- late-linear, acute, entire, much smaller than the lower ones; stem simple, few-flowered, and is as well as the pedicels beset with numerous capitate hairs; sepals lanceolate, acute; petals 3-nerved, obtuse; styles very short; stigmas thickish. %. H. Native of Nipaul, on the Emodi mountains at Gosainsthan, and at Kamoon. Leaves almost the size and form of those of A’rabis alpina. Filaments flat. . Strigose Saxifrage. Pl. 4 foot. 17 S. sarmeEnTosa (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 240.) stolons or runners creeping ; leaves orbicularly cordate, lobately crenated, pilose, red beneath ; petals unguiculate, the 2 outer ones large and flaccid. Y.F. Native of China and Japan, in moist places on mountains, among stones. Schreb. mon. dion. p. 16. t. 2. f. 3. Curt. bot. mag. 92. S. stolonifera, Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 80. Ligularia sarmentdsa, Duval, pl. sec. p. 11.ex Haw. enum. sax. Ble June: Cto rS T Br SAXIFRAGACEÆ. _ less. I. SAXIFRAGA. p. 50. Diptera sarmentòsa, Borkh. in Roem. mag. 1. p. 29, S. ligulàta, Murr. comm. 1781. p. 26. t. 1. S. Chinénsis, Lour, coch. p. 281. Petals white: 3 inner ones cordate ; of these 3 the lateral ones are marked by a yellow spot at the base; and the central one by 2 scarlet spots at the base : but the 2 outer petals are large, flaccid, and 3-nerved. Var. B, cuscuteformis (Ser. in D.C. prod. 4. p. 43.) plant much smaller; stem usually 3-flowered ; leaves ovate-roundish, coarsely and simply toothed ; flowers less irregular ;. petals more acute. 2%. F. Native of China. S. cuscutzformis, Lodd. bot. cab. t. 186. Ligularia minor, Haw. enum. sax. p. 151, The stolons or runners resemble dodder very much. Creeping Saxifrage. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1771; B 1815. Pl. 3 foot. 18 S. erdsa (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. $11.) leaves lanceo- late, acute, glabrous, runcinately serrated ; panicle divaricate, pyramidal ; pedicels elongated, 1-flowered ; petals oblong-oval, obtuse, unguiculate. %. H. Native of Carolina, on the higher mountains, in stony rivulets. S. Caroliniana, gracilis, and erdsa, Schleich. cat. 1821. p. 63. Robertsdnia micranthif dlia, Haw. syn. succ, 322. Aulaxis micranthifdlia, Haw. enum. sax. p- 47: Petals white, 3-nerved, with a yellow spot at the base. Var. B; leaves hairy. Erose-leaved Saxifrage. Fl. May, Ju. Clt.1812. Pl.1 to 1p ft. 19 S.? Nopa (Haw. enum. sax. p. 47. under Auldais) leaves naked, doubly and deeply toothed. 4. H. Native country unknown. Naked-leaved Saxifrage. Fl. May, Ju. Cit.? Pl. j tol ft. Secr. III. Lrtéeyne (from Xetoc, leios, smooth ; and yuvn; gyne, a female; in reference to the stigmas being beardless). D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 344. Calyx deeply 5-cleft (f. 41.a.). . Petals (f. 41. b.) sessile in most of the species. Sta- mens inserted in the throat of the calyx (f. 41.c.}; filaments subulate. Styles straight; stigmas orbicular, flattish, beard- Capsule free from the calyx (f. 41. d.). Seeds roundish. —Humble herbs, rarely subshrubs. Roots fibrous, but in many of the species they are granular. Stems flexuous, usually many-flowered and many-leaved. Leaves in all reniform and lobed. Flowers white or yellow. 20 S. ROTUNDIFÒLIA (Lin. spec. p. 576.) leaves reniform, un- equally and coarsely toothed: cauline ones petiolate ; petals lanceolate, acute. 2.H. Native of Austria, Switzerland, and Siberia. Mill. fig. t. 141. Curt. bot. mag. t. 424. Lapeyr- pyr. sax. t. 26. Micropétalum rotundifdlium, Haw. enum. sax. p. 16-17. Petals white, marked with scarlet dots, 3-nerved. ` Var. B, repánda (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 361.) plant larger and more robust; leaves broader. the Alps of Caucasus. S. repanda, Sternb. rev. sax. p. 17. t. 5. S. rotundifolia, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 315. Micropétalum majus, Haw. enum. sax. p. 17. Round-leaved Saxifrage. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1596. Pl. 1 ft. 21 S. ny’srima (Sternb. sax. p. 17. t. 8. f. 3.) radical leaves petiolate, roundish-cuneated, crenated: cauline ones minute, entire ; stem panicled. 2%.H. Native of the Pyrenees. Very like S. rotundifdlia, but differs in the smaller stature and slen- derer habit ; in the leaves being acute at the base, not cordate, and in the cauline ones being minute, entire, and nearly sessile. Hybrid Saxifrage. Pl. 1 foot. ae 22 S. pıversiròLIA (Wall. cat. no. 452.) leaves thickish, more or less pilose, of many forms ; lower ones cordate, petio- late: cauline ones petiolate, or sessile and stem-clasping, €n- tire, of a different colour beneath, reticulately veined, mark above by small depressed dots ; flowers in panicled corymbs ; bracteas and calyxes more or less ciliated with short, capitate u. H. Native of ‘ SAXIFRAGACEZ. hairs; pedicels beset with glandular hairs. 2%. F. Native of Nipaul, in Emodi, Gosaingsthan and Kamaon. Root fibrous. Stem firm, leafy. Calycine lobes spreading. Petals obovate, yellow, 5-nerved. Styles diverging at maturity. Stigmas thick. Var. a, lanceolata (Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 44.) leaves lan- ceolate: lower ones not seen : but the middle ones are attenuated at the base, and acutish; calycine lobes oblong, beset with glan- dular hairs. 2%. F. S. diversifdlia, Wall. Var. B, parnassifolia (Ser. 1. c.) radical leaves cordate, obtuse, on long petioles: cauline ones cordate, stem-clasping, obtuse ; calycine lobes oblong, beset with glandular pili. Y. F. S. parnassif lia, Wall. cat. no. 451. Var. y, Moorcroftiana (Ser. 1. c.) lower leaves elliptic: cauline ones stem-clasping, ovate-oblong, numerous; flowers larger ; calycine lobes more ciliated with glands. %4. F. S. Moorcroftiana, Wall. cat. no. 453. Diwerse-leaved Saxifrage. Pl. 1 foot. 23 S. parvirLora (Biv. stirp. rar. fasc. 4. p. 1. t. 8.) stem branched at the base, or simple; leaves reniform, 5-lobed : superior ones 3-lobed: uppermost ones entire, lanceolate ; pe- duncles spreading, opposite the leaves; petals obovate, longer than the calyx. 2%. F. Native of Sicily, in the mountains, on mossy rocks.—Cup. panph. 3. t. 36. Flowers white, almost like those of Stellaria média. Styles very short, diverging ; stigmas spatulate, papillose. Capsule bladdery, slender. Var. a, ramòsa (Ser. in D.C. prod. 4. p. 44.) stem branched at the base, few-flowered ; lower leaves 5-lobed, crenated: su- perior ones 3-lobed. %.F. Native among rocks, on Mount pase near the monastery of St. Martini de Scalis, Bernardi, C t. 3. Var. (3, Bocconiana (Ser. 1. c.) stem purple, erect, 2-flowered : lower leaves 3-lobed, or lanceolate, entire. %. F. Native on the mountains, about Palermo. (ex Guss. Boce. cent. 2. p. 4. t. 45. f. 2.) Small-flowered Saxifrage. Pl. 4 foot. 24 S. CYMBALA`RIA (Lin. spec. 579.) lower leaves reniform, on long petioles, very bluntly 5-lobed : upper ones 3-lobed or undivided; calycine segments oblong, obtuse; petals ovate, acute, with branched nerves. 2%. H. Native of the Levant, on Parnassus Delphus and other Grecian mountains. Smith, fl. grec. 378. S. hederacea, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 317. exclusive of the synonymes. Lobaria cymbalaria, Haw. enum. sax. p. 18. —Buxb. cent. 2. p. 40. t. 45. f. 2.—Vaill. itin. ed. gall. t. 362. Flowers small, golden yellow. Stems numerous, leafy, slender, flaccid, creeping at the base. Cymbalaria-like Saxifrage. PI. cr. 25 S. wepera'cea (Lin, spec. 579.) lower leaves acutely 3- lobed: upper ones ovate, entire; calycine segments ovate, acute ; petals roundish, unguiculate. ©. H. Native of Can- dia and Cyprus, among humid shaded rocks. Smith, fl. grec. t. 379. Lobaria hederacea, Haw. enum. sax. 18. Plant small; stems numerous, filiform. Flowers small, white. lvy-like Saxifrage. Fl. July. Clt. 1752. Pl. pr. 26 5. ORIENTA Lis (Jacq. obs. 2. p. 9. t. 34.) radical leaves roundish : cauline ones cuneated, acutely and coarsely toothed ; calycine Segments ovate, acute; petals oval, with simple nerves. . H. Native of the Levant; and of Caucasus, on the higher mountains of Talusch, near springs and on the banks of rivulets. S. reticulata, Sternb. sax. p. 21. t. 18. S. paradéxa, Sternb. 1. c. p. 22. t. 14.? Lobària orientalis, paradóxa, and reticulàta, Haw. enum. sax. pp. 18. and 20. Stems erectish, branched, perua ey the base. Petals golden yellow, size of those of Oriental Saxifrage. Pl. dec. 27 S. Ru'ssr (Presl, del. prag. p. 140.) radical leaves petio- late, repandly crenated, cordate at the base, somewhat 5-lobed : VOL. 111, I. SAXIFRAGA. 209 cauline ones sessile: lower ones 3-lobed, middle lobe the longest; uppermost leaves lanceolate, entire; sepals ovate; petals lan- ceolate, 3-nerved, twice the length of the calyx. 4. H. Na- tive of Sicily, on rocks and among stones, about Giuliana. Plant 2-3 inches high, beset with short glandular hairs. Flowers white. Russo’s Saxifrage. Pl. 4 foot. 28 S, Jame'su (Torrey, in ann. FIG. 41. lyc. new york 2. p. 204.) plant obovate, rather membranous, nerved, deeply crenate-toothed, tapering into the broad petiole ; scape naked ; flowers in pani- cled corymbs; calycine segments erect, obtuse ; petals oblong, obovate, more than twice the length of the calyx. Y%. H. Native of Canada, and to the mountains of the Columbia, and from Fort Vancouver to the Kettle Falls. S. Virginiénsis, Torrey, fi. unit. stat. 1. p. 444. Flowers small, white, forming an imperfect corymb or thyrse. This species differs from S. Virginiénsis in the disposition of the flowers. Var. a; flowers loosely panicled; scape longer. 2. H. ‘ar. (3; flowers compact, rather thyrsoid. %. H. Native on the banks of the Saskatchawan. General habit of S. nivalis. Var. y, gracilis ; corymb loose, few-flowered. Y%.H. Na- tive of North America. S. elongata, Sternb. sax. p. 9. t. 4. Dermasea elongata, Haw. enum. sax. Spring Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. 102 S. rerue’xa (Hook, fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 249. t. 85.) plant clothed with hoary down; leaves ovate, rather coriaceous, opaque, deeply serrated, tapering into the petiole; scape naked; panicle quite glabrous, compact, corymbose ; petals obovate, bi- maculate ; calyx reflexed. Y.H. Native of North America, on the shores of the Arctic Sea, between the Mackenzie and Coppermine rivers. Together with the harsh and rigid foliage of S. nivalis, the present species has a panicle oN more resembling that of S. ver- R3 nàlis; but the petals have 2 orange spots, similar to those of S. leucanthemifolia. The pubescence gives a whitish or hoary appearance to the whole plant, the panicle excepted ; but as the pubescence is very variable in all the species of the present sec- tion, it cannot be depended upon. (f. 45.) Reflexed-calyxed Saxifrage. Pl. 4 foot. 103 S. inrecrirén1a (Hook. fi. bor. amer. 1. p. 249. t. 86.) the whole plant clothed with clammy pubescence ; leaves radical, ovate, rather membranous, very blunt, quite entire, or sinuately crenated, reticulately veined ; scape elongated, naked, panicled, at the apex; panicle loose, broad or contracted, bracteate ; petals obovate, twice the length of the calyx, which is at first spreading, but at length reflexed ; stamens short; styles diverg- ing. 2%.H. Native of the north-west coast of America, near the mouth of the Columbia. The leaves are short, in proportion to the height of the plant. Entire-leaved Saxifrage. Pl. 4 to 1 foot. 104 S. niva‘ris (Lin. spec. p. 573.) leaves ovate or obovate, coriaceous, undulately crenated, tapering into the broad petiole ; scape naked, simple ; flowers in crowded heads; calycine seg- ments erect, obtuse; petals obovate, permanent, hardly one half longer than the calyx. %.H. Native of Scotland, north of England, Lapland, on the loftiest mountains ; in North Ame- rica, on the Arctic Sea-shore and islands, abundant ; Labrador, Canada, Spitzbergen, and the Rocky Mountains. In Bri- tain, upon Snowden, and on the summits of several hills about Snowden ; on Ben Lawers, Clova, and other Highland mountains of Scotland; and near the top of Ben Lomond. Lightf. fl. scot. witha figure. Smith, engl. bot. t. 440. Sternb. in Sturm, deutschl, fl. with a figure. S. congésta, Haw. Dermàsea nivalis, Haw. syn. sax. p. 9.—Lin. fi. suec. p. 176. t. 2. f. 5, 6.—Ray. angl. 3. p. 354. t. 16. f. 1.—Oed. fl. dan. t. 28. Leaves gla- brous above, villous beneath. Scape clothed with viscid hairs. Flowers disposed in crowded bracteate heads ; bracteas ciliated. p- 9. Clt.? Pl. 4 foot. FIG. 45. SAXIFRAGACE. I. SAXIFRAGA. Pedicels and calyxes clothed with viscid down. Petals white, but becoming reddish as they fade, triple-nerved ; nerves simple. The American specimens of this plant are very variable in habit, and in many instances so closely approach the varieties of some of the preceding species, as hardly to be distinguished. It is therefore most easily to be recognised by its stiff and | rigid habit, by the broad permanent petals, which remaining amongst the deep purple capsules form a singular contrast with them. Var. B, laxiflora ; heads of flowers loose, branched. Var. y, ténuis (Wahl. fl. lapp. p. 113. Sternb. suppl. 1. p. 6.) flowers pedunculated, umbellately panicled. 2. H. Na- tive of Lapland.—Lin. fl. lapp. t. 2. f. 5. S. punctata, Rottb. act. hafn. 10. p. 445. t. 10. Snowy Saxifrage. Fl. June, July. Britain. P]. 4 foot. 105 S. roner’scapa (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 388.) leaves ovate, serrated, on long petioles; thyrse of flowers ovate ; seg- ments of the calyx ovate, acute; petals ovate, hardly longer than the calyx. X. H. Native of Siberia. Leaves hairy. Scape filiform, beset with glandular hairs. Pedicels and calyxes downy. Flowers white. This plant scarcely differs from s. nivalis var. y, ténuis. Long-scaped Saxifrage. Pl. 4 foot. : 106 S. pa’tua (Wall. cat. no. 450.) plant quite glabrous; leaves lanceolate, obtuse, obscurely crenated, petiolate ; bracteas linear; flowers few, disposed in a loose panicle ; pedicels fili- form, longer than the fruit; petals obovate, longer than the calyx; calycine lobes lanceolate, length of tube, each terminated by a sessile gland? filaments clavate? capsule rather bladdery, nerved, marked by minute elevated dots; stigmas sessile, thickish. %.F. Native of Nipaul, at Gosaingsthan, Emodi, and Kamaon. Pale Saxifrage. Pl. 4 foot. i 107 S. Danu‘rica (Willd. spec. 3. p. 465.) plant quite gla- brous; leaves cuneiform, on long petioles, attenuated at the base, coarsely and deeply serrated at the apex ; flowers in loose panicles; calycine segments ovate, acute; petals elliptic, acute. Y.H. Native of Dahuria, on the tops of the Alps, near the limits of perpetual snow. In North America, at Behring s Straits ; alpine rivulets of the Rocky Mountains, Kotzebue’s Sound, and Bay of St. Lawrence. Leaves said to be pubescent ; the scape beset with glandular hairs, and the pedicels and calyxes clothed with clammy down. Petals white, marked with 2 yellow spots at the base. The broadly cuneate, or rather flabelliform leaves are very remarkable. Dahurian Saxifrage. Pl. 4 foot. Sect. VIII. Saxr'rrace-ve're (this section contains what are considered the true species of the genus). D. Don, m Lin. trans. 13. p. $45.—Dactyloides, Tausch, hort. canal. fase. 1. D. C. prod. 4. p. 23.—Muscària and Saxifraga, Haw. m sax. p. 22-29.—Triplinérvium, Gaudin, fl. helv. 3. p.» 116. Calyx 5-cleft (f. 46. a.), erect, permanent, with the tube adhering to and involving the ovarium (f. 46. b.). Petals sessile, perigynous (f.46.c.). Stamens perigynous (f. 46.d.); filaments flat, gredon attenuated. Stigmas spreading (f. 46. e.), flat, spatulate, bearde d with short down. Capsule covered by the calyx (f. 46. b.), an closely adhering to it. Seeds obovate.— Perennial rarely tet humble, densely tufted herbs, for the most part bearing surci Leaves alternate, variously parted, rarely simple, usually green ; with the margins neither cartilaginous nor dotted. Stems lealy, few, or many-flowered. Flowers white or yellow, rarely red. § 1. Perennial. Surculi numerous. Leaves undivided, rarely tridentate at the apex. 108 S. parnassiréxia (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p- 405.) stem erect, leafy, 3-4-flowered; leaves cordate, stem-clasping, SAXIFRAGACE. glabrous; calycine segments ovate, mucronate; petals obovate, 5-nerved. %. F. Native of Nipaul, on the Alps. Habit of plant referrible to Parndssia palistris. Stems numerous. Leaves ciliated with glandular hairs. Pedicels 1-flowered, and are as well as the calyxes glandular. Flowers milk-coloured. This is evidently only a small specimen of S. diversifdlia var. B, parnas- sif dlia, p. 209. Parnassia-leaved Saxifrage. P]. 1 foot. 109 S. anprosa‘cea (Lin. spec. 571.) radical leaves crowded, elliptic or spatulate, obtuse, pilose, quite entire; calycine seg- ments obtuse; petals spatulate; stems nearly naked, usually 2-flowered. “%.H. Native of Switzerland, Austria, and Car- niola ; and on the north-west coast of America. Jacq. austr. 4. t. 389. Sternb. sax. p. 42. t. 11. f.a. S. ciliaris, Lapeyr. ex Benth. cat. pyr. p. 118.—Hall. itin. helv. no. 69. p. 292. t. 2. S. androsàcea y, longifòlia, Gaudin, fl. helv. 3. p. 116.—Col. ecphr. 2. p. 66. and 67. Plant densely tufted. Stems beset with jointed glanduliferous hairs. Leaves hairy. Pedicels and calyxes clothed with viscid down. Flowers with white petals, and yellow filaments. Var. B, tridentata (Gaudin, syn. sax. in Meisner, anz. 1818. p. 67. fl. helv. 3. p. 115.) leaves cuneiform, more or less, 3-5- toothed. - 2%. H. Native of the Alps, but rare. Sternb. rev. sax. t. 11. a. f. 4. and in Sturm, deutschl. fl. p. 33. no. 13. S. androsacea trifida, Haw. enum. sax. p. 35. S. Pyrenaica, Scop. fl. carn. no. 498. t. 16. S. androsacea trifdlia. Sternb. rev. sax. suppl. p. 11. t. 7. £. 3. S. tridens, Jan. in litt. Androsace-like Saxifrage. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1792. Pl. 4 ft. 110 S. SPATULA`TA (Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 342. t. 96. f. 2.) plant gemmiferous ; surculi very leafy; leaves quite entire, spatulate, fringed ; calycine segment ovate-oblong, obtuse; petals obo- vate; stem nearly naked, usually 2-flowered. 2%. H. Native of Mount Atlas, at the top near Belide. Antiphylla spatulata, Haw. enum. sax. p- 44. Plant densely tufted. Surculi pro- cumbent. Stems capillary, with a few short hairs, 1-3 or many- flowered. Pedicels and calyxes downy. Flowers with milk- coloured petals and yellowish filaments. Spatulate-leaved Saxifrage. Pl. 4 foot. _ 111 S. seproipes (Lin. spec. 572.) stems erectish; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, glabrous; peduncles elongated, capil- lary, 1-flowered ; calycine segments ovate, bluntish; petals linear, mucronate, equal in length to the calyx. 2/.H. Na- tive of the Alps of Carinthia, Carniola, Salisburgh, Pyrenees, Arragon, and Mount Baldo. Jacq. misc. 2. p. 134. t. 21. f. 22. Sternb. sax. p. 27. t 7. f.a and p, and t: 9. f. 6, and in Sturm, deutschl. fl. fasc. 35. f. 10. S. trichédes, Scop. fl. carn. n. 496. t.15. S. Hohenwártii, West. in Sternb. rev. sax. p. 26. t. 7. middle figure, and Sturm, deutschl. fl. fase. 33. no. 6. f.a. S. Seguièrii, Sternb. rev. sax. p. 30. t.9. B. Spreng. cent. nov. in mant, hal. 46. no. 38. Gaudin, fl. helv. 3. p- 112. S. plani- fòlia y, Seguièrii, Sternb. rev. sax. p- 30. t. 9. b. S. angusti- folia, Hall, fil. in Ser. herb. hort. no. 289. S. aphylla, Tenore, fl. heap. pr. append. 4. p. 21. but not of Sturm. S. andro- saceay Comoll. prod. p. 78. no. 507. but not of Lin, Plant tufted, pale green. Stem with a few scattered, glanduliferous hairs. Leaves ciliated with glands. Peduncles 1-flowered, glandular. Flowers yellow. Var. B, colorata (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 408.) petals and anthers purplish, 2%. H. Native of the Alps of Austria. ~i ohenwártii 2, urpuráscens, Sternb. sax. p. 26. t. 9. B. - Sedioides 8, color ta, Sternb. rev. sax. p. 27. t. 9. B, f. 4. an in Sturm, deutsch]. fl. p. 33. no. 6. b. S. sedioìùdes 8, Ho- enwartiàna, Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 23. Stonecrop-like Saxifrage. Fl. May,Ju. Clt. 1820. Pl. 5 ft. i 112 S, TE'NERA (Sut. fl. helv. 1. p. 245.) surculi short, very leafy ; leaves linear-oblong, obtuse, and are as well as the stems I, SAXIFRAGA. 219 beset with glandular hairs; calycine segments oblong- ovate ; petals obovate, retuse, exceeding the calyx. 2/.H. Native of the Alps of Switzerland, Piedmont, Pyrenees; and on Mount Cenis. Sternb. sax. p. 28. t. 9. f. 4. S. planifolia, Lapeyr. fl. pyr. sax. p. 31. Sternb. sax. p. 28. t. 7. f. 3. S. muscoìdes, All. fl. pedem. no. 1528. t. 61. f. 2. exclusive of the synonymes. S. planifòlia cítrina, Gaudin, syn. sax. in Meisner, anz. 1818. p. 66. fl. helv. 3. p. 113. a, B. Plant densely tufted. Stems 1-3-flowered. Flowers cream-coloured, twice the size of those of S. sediotdes. Easily distinguished from S. sedioides in the stems and leaves being densely beset with glandular hairs, and in the petals being obovate, retuse, and twice the length of the calyx. Var. ÌB, trifida (Gaudin, in Meisner, anz. p. 66. fl. helv. 8. p. 114.) some of the leaves trifid. 2%. H. Native of Vallais, in the valley called Bagnes. Tender Saxifrage. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1819. Pl. 4 foot. 113 S. pepre’ssa (Sternb. rev. sax. 42. t. ll. a. f. 5.) stem roughish, few-flowered, furnished with 2 leaves, one of which is a little stem-clasping ; leaves spatulate, entire, and cuneately tridentate at the apex, running into the petiole at the base, rather scabrous beneath ; petals hardly exceeding the calyx, which is campanulate; calycine lobes triangular, broad. 2/.H. Native of Italy, on Mount Alto. Haw. enum. sax. p. 31. It differs from S. androsdcea, to which it is nearly allied, in the leaves running into the petiole at the base, and in the lower surface of the leaves being roughish from short stiffish hairs, not pilose. Perhaps the same as S. androsacea p, tridentata. Depressed Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. Clt.? Pl. 4 foot. 114 S. Me’rxu (Fisch. in Sternb. rev. sax. 1. p. 1. f. 3.) stems tufted, usually 3-flowered; calycine segments ovate; petals obovate-roundish, longer than the calyx; capsule rather bladdery ; styles parallel; radical leaves rosulate, ovate or spa- tulate, entire, ciliated, glabrous: cauline ones smaller, few. uw. H. Native of Siberia, in humid places on Mount Jab- lonoi. Habit nearly of S. androsdcea, but differs in the capsule being bladdery, much longer than the calyx. Flowers white. Merk’s Saxifrage. Pl. 4 foot. 115 S. crdcea (Gaudin, syn. sax. in Meisner, anz. 1818. p. 70. fl. helv. 3. p. 133.) stems tufted, 3-5-flowered, covered with short pubescence ; terminal peduncle sessile: lateral ones very long, filiform ; leaves linear-oblong, obtuse, or tridentate ; caly- cine segments oblong-narrow, bluntish, clothed with clammy pubescence, longer than the tube; petals elliptic, bluntish, hardly equal in length to the calyx. Y%.H. Native of Savoy, in the southern Alps. Muscaria crocea, Haw. enum. sax. p. 38. Flowers copper-coloured. Copper-coloured-flowered Saxifrage. Pl. 4 foot. 116 S. sTENOPE'TALA (Gaudin, syn. sax. in Meisner, anz. p. 70. fl. helv, 3. p. 132.) smoothish ; stems tufted, short; leaves cuneated and trifid, or spatulate and obtuse; calycine lobes obtuse, nerveless ; petals linear. 2%.H. Native of Austria and Swit- zerland, about St. Gall. S. uniflora and S. leptophylla, Freelich. S. aphylla, Sternb. sax. p. 40. t. 11. P, and in Sturm, deutsch). fi. p. 33. no. 11. with a figure. Muscaria stenopétala, Haw. enum. sax. p. 39. S. musceides, Wahl. carp. p. 122. Lower leaves usually trifid. Flowers yellow. Narrow-petalled Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. Clt. Pl. 4 ft. § 2. Perennial. Surculi numerous. Leaves 3-5-parted, petiolate. 117 S. czrantoipes (Lin. spec. 578.) leaves reniform, 3-5- lobed, pubescent, on long petioles: segments cuneated, deeply toothed ; panicle coarctate, many-flowered ; calycine segments linear-lanceolate, obtuse, reflexed ; petals oblong, flat. 2%. H. Native of the Pyrenees. Lapeyr. pyr. sax. p. 66. t. 43. S. paniculata, Schleich. eat. 1821. S. quinquéfida, Lam. fi. fr. 3. Ff2 220 p. 533.—Gouan. ill. p. 28. t. 18. f. 2. Plant tufted. Surculi reddish, stiff. Stems red, beset with glanduliferous hairs. Bracteas lanceolate, obtuse. Flowers campanulate, white ; fila- ments yellowish. Pedicels and calyxes clothed with clammy down. Var. B, obtusiloba (Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 30.) plant hardly pilose ; lobes and lobules of leaves hardly toothed ; flowers sub- umbellate; bracteas linear. 2. H. Native of Switzerland. S. geranioides, Schleich. cat. 1822. p. 63. Geranium-like Saxifrage. Fl. Apr. May. Clt. 1770. Pl. 4 ft. 118 S. irricua (Fisch. hort. gorenk. Spreng. cent. spec. min. cogn. p. 36.) radical leaves palmately 5-parted: cau- line ones trifid, sessile; segments cuneate-oblong, mucronate, trifid; panicle loose, many-flowered; calycine segments linear, acute; petals spatulatee 2m. or ¢. H. Native of Tauria, among rocks, at the Salghir fountains; and of Siberia, especially in boggy fields, from the Aldan to the Urak, and among rocks, on the banks of the Jaika. Bieb. cent. pl. rar. ross. 2. t. 73. Sims, bot. mag. 2207. S. petree‘a, Pall. ind. taur. Habl. taur. p. 147. S. aquatica, Bieb. fl. taur. 1, p. 317. exclusive of the synonyme of Lapeyr. and Persoon. S. geranioides p, irrigua, Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 30. Plant rather larger than the preceding, much softer and looser, without any surculi. Stems green, beset with jointed hairs. Petioles villous, viscid. Bracteas palmate. Flowers large, campanulate, white; filaments green ; anthers yellow. Peduncles and calyxes clothed with viscid villi. Plashy Saxifrage. Fl. Ju. Jul. Cit. 1817. Pl. 4 to 1 foot. 119 S. Maprre’nsis (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 414.) surculi woody; leaves crowded, cuneiform, on long petioles, acute at the base, unequally and deeply lobed at the apex; calycine segments broadly ovate, acute. Y%. F. Native of Madeira. Plant densely tufted. Stems numerous, ascending, filiform, few-leaved, and few-flowered, beset with scattered glan- duliferous hairs ; lobes of leaves short, ovate, acute: uppermost cauline leaves undivided, acute. Petioles filiform, terete, cili- ated. Pedicels and calyxes clothed with clammy down. Madeira Saxifrage. PI. 4 foot. 120 S. peepatiripa (Ehrh. exsic. no. 15. Smith, in Lin. trans. 10. p. 314.) radical leaves reniform, pedatifid, clothed with clammy villi: segments linear-lanceolate, acute ; panicle fastigiate ; calycine segments linear-lanceolate, mucronate; pe- tals narrow, spatulate. 2/.H. Native of the Alps of Switzer- land and the Pyrenees; and on rocks in the highlands of Scot- land, especially on the Clova mountains, Angus-shire. Smith, engl. bot. 1278. S. quinquéfida a, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 533. Donn, hort. cant. ed. 5. p. 137. S. fragilis, Schrank, hort. mon. t 92. S. ladanifera 3 pinnatifida, Duby, in bot. gall. 1. p. 210. S. gera- nioides ò pedatifida, Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 30. Plant grow- ing in dense conical tufts. Stems erect, red, smoothish. Petioles villous, compressed, dilated at the base. Radical leaves 2-3- cleft ; lateral segments 2-3-cleft: middle one cuneately trifid or entire; lobes linear-lanceolate, acute, awned. Lower cauline leaves tripartite, with linear entire lobes: upper cauline ones entire, narrow. Flowers white, smaller than those of S. gerani- oides ; filaments yellowish green. Pedatifid-leaved Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. 3 to } foot. 121 S. viscésa (Haw. in misc. nat. 164. enum. sax. p. 26.) stems hairy ; radical Jeaves pedatifid: of the surculi, which are erect, 3-5-cleft : cauline ones trifid and lanceolate, 3-nerved. 1. H. Native country unknown. Allied to S. geraniotdes and S. pedatifida, but much smaller and more clammy. Flowers white. Clammy Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. PI. 4 to 4 foot. 122 S. CERATOPRY'LLA (Dryander, in hort. kew. 3. p. 70.) surculi woody; leaves 2-3-parted, petiolate, stiff, glabrous: Scotland. Pl. segments subulate, with horny mucrones ; stems clammy; calyx . SAXIFRAGACE. I. SAXIFRAGA. brownish, glabrous : with ovate segments, which are furnished each with a recurved mucrone at the apex; petals oblong. 4, H. Native of Spain. Sims, bot. mag. 1651. S. trifureata, Schrad. hort. goett. fasc. 1. p. 13. t. 7. S. petrae‘a, Pavon. herb. Plant densely tufted, quite glabrous. Stems reddish at the base, covered with viscid juice. Petioles naked, channelled above. Flowers snow white, disposed in a loose branched panicle. Pe- dicels and calyxes covered with clammy juice. Horn-leaved Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1804. Pl. 4 to 4 foot. 123 S. oprusrFina (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 416.) sur- culi woody ; leaves 3-parted, stiff, and smooth, as well as the very narrow petioles; segments linear, very blunt; calyxes pu- bescent, with ovate obtuse segments; petals obovate. %. H: Native of Spain. Plant densely tufted, quite glabrous, deep green. Stems few-leaved. Lateral segments of leaves length- ened, and usually bifid. Pedicels 1-flowered, pubescent. Flowers campanulate, white. Petals triple-nerved : nerves 2-3-forked at the apex. Blunt-cleft-leaved Saxifrage. Pl. 4 foot. 124 S. aJucÆæròLIa (Lin, amæn. acad. 4. p. 271.) surculi pro- cumbent; leaves 5-parted: segments lanceolate, mucronate ; stem branched; calycine segments ovate, mucronate ; petals flat, obovate. %.H. Native of Provence, on the mountains, and of the Pyrenees. Lapeyr. pyr. sax. p. 56. t. 31. Sternb. sax. p. 46. Plant green, furnished with a few viscid hairs, which are more dense on the petioles: densely tufted at the time of flowering, but growing ina loose manner afterwards. Surculi long, reddish, as well as the base of the stems. Leaves glabrous, but ciliated: cauline ones undivided, lanceolate. Flowers large, campanulate, white. Calyx beset with glanduliferous hairs. Petals triple-nerved : nerves simple. Var. B, Aitònis (Haw. enum. sax. p. 29.) leaves of the pros- trate stolons 3-5-cleft, somewhat pedate; segments linear-lan- ceolate, awned, twice the length of the petioles. %.H. Native of the mountains of Provence. S. ajugzefdlia, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 70. S. ajugæfòlia 6 longipes, Haw. l. c. Var. y, fimbriata (Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 28.) sepals and petals jagged. %. H. Native of the Pyrenees. Ramond, in D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 372. in a note. Ajuga-leaved Saxifrage. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1825. Pl. 4 ft. 125 S. arri nis (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 418.) surculi procumbent; leaves 5-parted: segments linear, mucronate; calycine segments linear, awned ; petals oblong, with inflexed edges. 2%.H. Native of Ireland, as on the top of Brandon mountains, county of Kerry. Plant beautiful green, furnished with soft and viscid hairs, densely tufted before flowering, but afterwards loose. Surculi elongated, reddish. Stems shining, smooth, few-flowered. Leaves of the surculi for the most part 3-parted. Pedicels and calyxes clothed with viscid down. Flowers white, smaller than those of S. ajugef dla. Petals tri- ple-nerved : nerves simple. Allied Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. PI. 4 foot. : 126 S. caprra‘ra (Lapeyr. fl. pyr. p. 55. t. 30.) stems thick- ish, prostrate, hardly pilose; leaves cuneated, 3-5-cleft, rather fleshy, nerved, crowded towards the tops of the surculi: lobes ovate, rather parallel; calycine lobes ovate-lanceolate, bluntish, length of tube when in flower; petals obovate, much longer than the calyx; styles very long, spatulate. Y. H. Native of the Pyrenees. S. ajugæfòlia B, D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 371. Sternb. rev. sax. p. 26. Petals white, 3-nerved above the base, lateral nerves confluent. Very like S. ajugæfòlia, but differs in the leaves being thicker and denser. Capitate-flowered Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. - PI. 4 foot. 127 S. pentapa’crytis (Lapeyr. fl. pyr. sax. p. 64. t- 40.) surculi short, erect; leaves on long petioles, glabrous, 5-parted : SAXIFRAGACEZR. segments linear, obtuse, ribbed beneath; calycine segments lan- ceolate, acute ; petals obovate, with branched nerves. 2/. H. Native of the Pyrenees. Herb glabrous, pale green, densely tufted. Stems branched, terete, glabrous, flexuous. Petioles long, compressed, glabrous. Flowers white, disposed in loose panicles. Var. B, corymbosa (Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 30.) flowers nu- merous, in dense corymbs; peduncles more rigid and shorter. Var. y, capitellata (Ser. 1. c.) flowers somewhat capitate; pe- duncles very short. Five-~fingered-leaved Saxifrage. Pl. + to 4 foot. 128 S. rati’ripa (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 420.) surculi erect, short; radical and surculine leaves broadly cuneated, gla- brous, 3-5-lobed: lobes broadly ovate; calyx glabrous, with ovate-lanceolate mucronulate segments; petals spatulate, with simple nerves. 2. H. Native of Spain. S. adscéndens, Pavon, herb. Plant quite glabrous, pale green, tufted. Stems many leaved, many flowered. Lower cauline leaves like the radical ones, but more profoundly lobed : lobes lanceolate; upper cauline leaves undivided. Peduncles elongated, 2-flowered. Flowers white. Broad-cleft-leaved Saxifrage. Pl. 4 foot. 129 S. pecrriens (Ehrh. beitr. 5. p. 47.) plant very villous ; leaves 5-cleft or trifid : segments ovate-oblong, obtuse, mutic ; calycine segments triangularly ovate, obtuse, mutic; petals orbi- cular. %. H. Native of Germany and Bohemia, in exposed rocky places. In North Wales on the rocks of Cwn Idwell. In Ireland on the Galty mountains of Tipperary. Sternb. sax. p. 55. t. 23. S. cæspitòsa, Oed. fl. dan. t. 71. S. petræ'a, Roth. tent. 1. p. 184. With. brit. p. 890. S. palmata, Smith, brit. 2. p. 456. engl. bot. t. 455. Lapeyr. fl. pyr. sax. p. 64. t. 41. S. vil- lòsa, Willd. enum. 462. S. cæspitòsa, Smith, engl. fl. 2. p. 273. S. rupéstris, Schleich. cat. 1821. S. Lapeyroùsii, Sternb. rev. sax. p. 51l. S. decipiens hirsuta, Haw. enum. sax. p. 31. S. decipiens canéscens, Haw. 1. c. S. intermèdia, Tausch, ex Link, enum. 1. p. 415. S. Steinmánnii, Tausch, hort. canal. fase. 1. with a figure, S. hypnoìdes villòsa, Arn. et Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 52. Plant canescent, densely tufted before flowering, but afterwards becoming loose, and the surculi elongated and pro- cumbent. Lower cauline leaves usually tripartite, upper cauline ones undivided. Stems many flowered. Flowers large, spread- tng, milk-coloured. Petals triple-nerved: nerves simple. Deceiving Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. Wales. Pl. 4 foot. 130 S. urrra (Donn, cant. ed. 5. p. 107.) plant very villous; radical leaves 5-cleft: surculine ones trifid: segments ovate- lanceolate, acute; calycine segments triangularly ovate, acute ; petals obovate. Y.H. Native of Ireland, among alpine rocks, western highlands of Scotland, and Wales; as on the Galty mountains, Tipperary ; in the west part of Scotland; near Twll du in Cwn Idwell, also on the walls of Dolwyddelan castle, be- twixt Capel Cory and Llandwst, North Wales. Smith, engl. bot. 2291. Plant canescent, densely tufted before flowering, but afterwards loose, with the surculi decumbent and flexuous. Stem many leaved, few-flowered, clothed with viscid hairs. Pe- tioles dilated. Lower cauline leaves 3-parted, with linear seg- ments: upper ones undivided. Flowers white, smaller than those of S. decipiens. Pedicels and calyxes clothed with glan- dular hairs. Petals triple-nerved : nerves simple. Hairy Saxifrage. FÍ. May, June. Ireland. Pl. 4 to } ft. 181 S. PLATIPE'TALA (Smith, in Lin. trans. 10. p. $91.) plant villous ; surculi elongated, prostrate; leaves 3-5-parted: seg- ments linear, acute, and awned; calycine segments ovate, mucro- aa petals orbicular. %. H. Native of the Alps of Scot- and and Wales; as upon Snowdon in Wales; and the Clova mountains. in Angus-shire, Scotland. Smith, engl. bot. 2276. Fl. May, June. Clit. 1815. I. SAXIFRAGA. 221 S. recúrva, Schleich. cat. 1821. S. hypnoides rhodopétala, Haw. enum. sax. p. 32. Plant densely tufted before flowering, but afterwards loose. Stems leafy, many flowered. Upper cauline leaves undivided. Flowers rather large, milk-coloured. Pe- duncles and calyxes clothed with glandular down. Petals red at the apex when in the bud, triple-nerved: lateral nerves in- curved, a little branched, middle one straight and simple. Broad-petalled Saxifrage. Fl. June. Britain. Pl. $ foot. 132 S. iwcurvirot1a (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 423.) plant smoothish; radical leaves 5-cleft, surculine ones trifid : segments lanceolate, obtuse, incurved ; calycine segments ovate, acute; petals roundish, emarginate. %. H. Native of Ireland, on alpine rocks. S. incúrva, Mackay in litt. Plant green, densely tufted, glabrous at the time of flowering, but furnished with long viscid villi afterwards. Surculi short, erect. Stems leafy, 2-3-flowered. Radical leaves aggregate: upper cauline ones undivided. Petioles dilated. Flowers white. Pedicels and calyxes furnished with glanduliferous hairs. Petals triple-nerved : nerves simple. Incurved-leaved Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. Ireland. Pl. 4 ft. 133 S. penupa‘ra (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 424.) plant quite glabrous; radical leaves 5-cleft, surculine ones 3-parted : segments linear-subulate, acute, mucronate ; calycine segments lanceolate, mucronulate; petals obovate, emarginate. %. H. Native of Scotland, on the Clova mountains in Angus-shire. Herb pale green, growing in small dense tufts. Surculi short, crowded, very leafy. Stems erect, few-leaved, 2-flowered, pur- plish, beset with glanduliferous hairs. Upper cauline leaves un- divided. Flowers campanulate, white. Petals 3-nerved: nerves simple; filaments greenish yellow. Naked Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. Scotland. PI. 4 foot. 134 S. Srernpe’ren (Willd. enum. p. 462.) plant glabrous ; radical leaves 5-cleft, palmatifid, those of the surculi trifid or undivided : lobes ovate, acute, mutic ; calycine segments ovate, mucronate ; petals obovate, with branched nerves. 2%. H. Na- tive of Germany, about Norimberg. Sternb. sax. p. 56. t. 24. S. palmata, Pauz. in Sturm. deutscbl. fl. p. 26. half. t. 10. f. 2. S. decipiens contravérsa, Haw. enum. sax. p. 32. S. contra- vérsa, Hortul. but not of Sternb. S. elongata, Panz. fl. norimb. mss. S. decipiens, Sieb. exsic. S. hypnoides latifida, Haw. enum. sax. p. 33. S. uniflora, Sternb. rev. sax. suppl. p. 13. t. 9. S. intermèdia a, Gaudin, fl. helv. 3. p. 121. S. hyp- noides 7 Sternbérgii, Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 32. Plant pale green, densely tufted. Surculi very short, crowded. Stems 2-3, rarely 4-flowered. Cauline leaves all undivided, cuneated, acute. Flowers large, white. Pedicels and calyxes beset with short glanduliferous hairs. Petals triple-nerved : nerves flexu- ous, much branched. Sternberg’s Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. Pl. 4 foot. 135 S.putcue’txa (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 426.) plant glabrous ; radical leaves 5-cleft, surculine ones trifid: segments linear, obtuse, mucronate ; calycine segments broadly ovate, ob- tuse; petals orbicular, with branched nerves. Y.H. Native of Germany. Herb deep green, densely tufted, furnished with a few glanduliferous hairs at the time of flowering. Surculi short, erect. Stems 2-3-flowered, beset with a few glandulifer- ous hairs. Lower cauline leaves digitately 5-parted: upper ones 3-parted. Flowers milk-coloured, size of those of the pre- ceding species. Pedicels and calyxes clothed with glandular down. Petals triple-nerved. Neat Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1818. Pl. } foot. 136 S. rripenta‘ra (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 426.) plant glabrous; radical leaves 5-cleft, surculine ones on Jong petioles, acutely tridentate ; calycine segments triangularly ovate, mucro- nate; petals spatulate. 2%. H. Native country unknown. Herb densely tufted, quite glabrous before flowering, but fur- 222 nished with some viscid villi afterwards. Surculi very short, very leafy. Stems erect, few-leaved, few-flowered, purplish, beset with glanduliferous hairs. Petioles slender, ciliated. Pe- dicels and calyxes clothed with viscid’ down. Petals triple- nerved: nerves simple. Flowers white; filaments green. Tridentate-leaved Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. Pl. 4 foot. 137 S. Anprcora (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 427.) plant very villous; radical leaves trifid: segments lanceolate, acute : upper surculine leaves linear, simple, acute ; calycine segments ovate, acute; petals obovate-orbicular, with branched nerves. u. F. Native of Peru, in very cold places on Mount Rucu- Pichincha, at the elevation of 4000 or 5000 feet. H.B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 48. t. 519. S. villésa, Pavon, mss. S. Cordilleriana, Pres], in Heenk. reliq. 2. p. 55. Plant densely tufted. Surculi short, decumbent. Stems erect, leafy, 3-4- flowered, clothed with viscid villi. Lower cauline and surculine leaves 3-parted. Flowers milk-coloured, subcorymbose. Calyx densely clothed with glandular hairs. Andes Saxifrage. Pl. $ foot. 138 S. caspirosa (Lin. spec. 578.) radical leaves aggregate, 5-3-parted or undivided: segments linear-lanceolate, obtuse ; stems few-leaved, few-flowered; calycine segments ovate, ob- tuse ; petals obovate-roundish, connivent. 2%.H. Native of the Alps of Lapland, Sweden, Switzerland, Norway, and the Pyre- nees ; also of the north-west coast of America, Kotzebue’s Sound, Arctic sea-shore, and of Greenland. In Wales and Ireland on the loftiest mountains ; on the rocks of Troll dû Cwn Idwell, North Wales ; on the lofty summits of Brandon mountains, county of Kerry. Gunn. fl. nory. no. 1047. t. 7. f. 3. Smith, engl. bot. t. 794. S. Groenlandica, Lin. spec. p. 578. Gunn. fl. norv. p. 689. t. 7. f. 1. Lapery. pyr. sax. p. 39. t. 19.—Dill. elth. p. 337. t. 353. f. 329. Muscaria ceespitosa, Haw. enum. sax. p. 37. Plant densely tufted, beset with glanduliferous hairs. Sur- culi short, very leafy. Stems 1-3-flowered, but in cultivation usually 4-flowered. Lower cauline leaves palmate, upper ones for the most part 3-parted. Pedicels and calyxes clothed with viscid down. Flowers rather large, milk-coloured ; filaments yellow ; petals triple-nerved ; nerves simple: lateral ones curved. Tufted Saxifrage. Fl. June, July. Wales. Pl. 4 foot. 139 S. univnora (R. Br. in Parry’s first voy. append. p. 275. but not of Sternb.) radical leaves aggregate, trifid: cauline ones linear, undivided, distant; stem one-flowered, and is, as well as the inferior ovarium, viscid; down glandular, very short; calycine segments obtuse ; petals obovate-oblong. 4%. H. Native of the Arctic Islands. S. cæspitòsa, R. Br. in Ross’ voy. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 192. S. cæspitòsa 3 unifléra, Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 244. S. vendsa, Haw. enum. sax. p. 28.? Flowers milk-coloured. One-flowered Saxifrage. PI. $ foot. 140 S. sTELLA TAa (Pavon, mss. ex D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p- 430.) leaves very numerous, adpressedly imbricated, 5-cleft or trifid: segments linear-oblong, obtuse; stem few-flowered ; calycine segments ovate, acute ; petals obovate. %. F. Native of Peru, on the Andes in very cold places. Plant densely tufted. Habit of Fragésa tomentosa, beset with glanduliferous hairs. Stems erect, 2-flowered. Cauline leaves simple, obtuse. Pe- tioles dilated. Flowers largish, milk-coloured. Calyx clothed with glandular down; petals obovate, triple-nerved: nerves simple. Stellate Saxifrage. PI. 1 inch. 141 S. Boxrra' Noii (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 431.) plant pubescent ; leaves crowded, 5-cleft or trifid: segments linear, obtuse; calycine segments lanceolate, acute; petals obovate. Y.H. Native of the Cordillera of Peru, in cold places. S. Peruviana, Bonpland in Sternb. sax. p. 55. t. 22. S. Cordil- leriàna f Bonplandii, Presl, in reliq. Hænk. 2. p. 55. S. al- 1 SAXIFRAGACEZ. I. SAXIFRAGA. pina, Pavon, mss. Plant densely tufted, beset with short glan- duliferous hairs. Surculi short, very leafy. Stems clothed with glandular tomentum, as well as the calyxes, few-leaved. Lower cauline leaves 3-parted: upper cauline ones undivided, linear- lanceolate. Petioles narrow, short. Flowers white, terminal, nearly sessile, by threes, rarely solitary ; petals triple-nerved: nerves simple. Var. B, Hænkei; leaves densely glandular, 3-5-lobed : lobes ovate; surculi nearly globose ; corymbs 6-10-flowered. %. F. Native in valleys on the Cordillera of Peru. S. Cordilleriana var. y Heenkei, Presl, in Henk. reliq. 2. p. 55. Var. y, léxa ; stems elongated; leaves densely glandular, 3- 5-lobed, loosely imbricated: lobes ovate; surculi cylindrical, loose; corymbs many flowered. 2. F. Native of the Cordil- lera of Peru, in valleys. Petals white. S. Cordilleriana ò láxa, Presl, in Henk. reliq. 2. p. 55. Bonpland’s Saxifrage. PJ. 1 inch. 142 S. macexta’nica (Poir. dict. 6. p. 686.) stems tufted, procumbent; leaves linear or trifid, much crowded, glabrous; floriferous branches naked, axillary, very short, 1-flowered. X. F. Native of the Straits of Magellan. Muscaria Magellanica, Haw. enum. sax. p. 38. Plant tufted. Stems leafy. Lower leaves trifid. Flowers solitary, on short peduncles. Segments of the calyx linear, obtuse. Petals obovate, twice the length of the calyx. Var. a, integrifdlia (Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 24.) leaves spa- tulate, usually entire: upper ones puberulous: lower ones gla- brous. Var. B, triloba (Ser. 1. c.) leaves all cuneated, 3-lobed at the apex, clammy. 4%. F. S. Magellanica, Sternb. rev. sax. p. 39. id Dias e ale Magellan Saxifrage. Pl. 4 foot. 143 S. ranceora‘ta (Haw. syn. succ. p. 324, enum. sax. p. 240.) leaves glabrous, ciliated; those of the surculi palmately 7-cleft: those of the stolons, which are very short and erect, 3- 5-cleft: cauline leaves lanceolate; petals roundish, obovate. %.H. Native of the Alps of Europe. Flowers white. Var. B, minor (Haw. enum. sax. p. 24.) leaves trifid and en- tire : lower cauline ones lanceolate-spatulate ; petals oblong-cu- neiform, distinct. 2. H. Two or three times smaller than bres species, and the leaves and petioles are very different. aw. l. c. Var. y, obtùsa (Haw. 1. c. p. 24.) leaves cuneiform at the base or obovate : those of the rosulæ deeply 1-5-toothed, and brownish : those of the stolons usually abortive : lower cauline leaves elliptic; petals orbicularly obovate. %. H. Lanceolate-leaved Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1800. Pl. 4 to 4 foot. : 144 S. picno’roma (Willd. in Sternb. sax. rev. p. 51.) radical leaves reniformly cordate, palmately parted: segments linear ; cauline leaves nearly sessile, cuneated, 3-5-parted ; flowers in dichotomous panicles ; peduncles and calyxes pilose ; calycine lobes lanceolate, acute, length of the tube. XY. H. Native of Spain. Haw. enum. sax. p. 27. Flowers white. Dichotomous Saxifrage. Pl. ł to % foot. 145 S. exara'ra (Vill. dauph. 4. p. 674. t. 45.) plant pubes- cent; radical leaves 5 or 8-parted: those of the surculi 3- parted: segments linear, very blunt, engraven above; stem many flowered; calycine segments ovate-oblong, obtuse ; dope obovate, with simple nerves. 2%. H. Native of the Alps of Dauphiny, Savoy, Piedmont, and the higher Pyrenees ; also o North America: frequent on the Rocky Mountains between lat. 52° and 56°. S. nervòsa, Lapeyr. pyr. sax. p. 63. t. 39. hypnoides, All. pedem. no. 1538. t. 21. f. 4. S. intermèdia, Gaudin, fl. helv. 3. p. 122. S. striata, Hall. fil. in herb. pamai l. c. p. 129.? Plant densely tufted before flowering, afterwards | f } f SAXIFRAGACE. loose and surculose, densely clothed with glandular down. Sur- culi stiffish. Cauline leaves profoundly 3-parted, with the lateral segments generally bifid. Petioles linear, flat. Pedicels fili- form, 1-flowered, furnished each with a tripartite bractea at the base. Flowers white; filaments yellow. Var. P, pubéscens (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 433.) radical and surculine leaves deeply 3-parted: lateral segments bifid ; flowers on long peduncles, corymbose. 2%. H. Native of the Pyrenees and Newfoundland. S. pubéscens, Poir. act. toul. 3. p. 827. D. C. prod. 4. p. 27. S. mixta a and ĝ, Lapeyr. pyr. sax. p. 41. t. 21. S. caespitdsa, Vill. dauph. 4. p. 672. S. moschata, Lapeyr. Var. y, intricata (D. Don, l. c.) radical leaves crowded, spreading, cuneated, 5-cleft; peduncles divaricate. Y%. H. pare of the Pyrenees. S. intricdta, Lapeyr. sax. pyr. p. 58. t. 33, Var. 6, Prostidna (Ser. in Benth. cat. p. 118.) stems few- flowered ; leaves rosulate, short, reflexed: with short obtuse lobes, which hardly diverge; cauline leaves entire. 4%. H. Na- tive about Melda, Alps of Dauphiny, and on the Pic St. Loup, near Montpelier. S. mixta, Lapeyr. fl. pyr. t. 20. S. pubés- cens y and ò, D.C. fi. fr. 4. p. 375. Engraven-leaved Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1818. Pl. 4 to 4 foot. 146 S. Pavonn (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 434.) plant pubescent ; leaves 3-parted: segments linear, acute, nerved ; petioles linear, dilated, ribbed beneath ; calycine segments linear- lanceolate, acute; petals obovate, with simple nerves. 2/. F. Native of the Andes of Peru, in very cold places. Herb grow- ing in dense flat tufts. Surculi short. Stems few-leaved, 3-5- flowered, covered with short glandular hairs. Upper cauline leaves simple, linear, all the rest tripartite. Petioles linear, dilated. Peduncles and calyxes densely clothed with short glan- «dular down. Flowers milk-coloured, fading to a yellowish colour. Paron’s Saxifrage. Pl. 4 to ġ foot. 147 S. Pepemonta'na (All. ped. no. 1540. t. 21. f. 6.) plant pubescent; leaves crowded, cuneatedly spatulate, engraven above, cut in a digitate manner : segments linear-oblong, entire or tridentate ; flowers corymbose ; segments of the calyx linear and elongated, acute ; petals oblong-spatulate, with simple nerves. %.H. Native of the Alps of Piedmont and Hungary. S. heterophylla, Sternb. sax. p. 50. t. 20. f. 1. and 2. S. cervi- cornis, Viv. fl. cors. prod. append. p. 2. S. cymdsa, Waldst. et Kit. hung. p. 91. t. 88. S. Pedemontana a, B, and y, D. C. prod. 4. p. 29. Plant densely tufted. Surculi short. Stems many flowered, clothed with clammy down. Flowers large, campanulate, white. Calyxes and pedicels clothed with short viscid down. Piedmont Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. PI. 1 to 4 foot. 148 S. aui’navepens (Haw. syn. succ. p. $25. and enum. sax. p. 30.) naked ; leaves of the twiggy surculi 3-5-cleft, re- mote, length of the internodes; lobes subulate, awned, equal in length to the petioles, which are ciliated; petals orbicular. 2%. _Native country unknown. Fivestoothed-leaved Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. Pl. 4 to} ft. 149 S. panicura'ta{Hort. madr. ex Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 402.) leaves glabrous, 3-parted: lobes trifid, linear ; cauline leaves tripartite, with entire lobes; stems ascending. %. H. Native of Spain. Panicled Saxifrage. Pl. 4 foot. 150 S. moscua'ra (Wulf. in Jacq. misc. 2. p. 128. t. 21. f. 2.) ae pubescent; radical leaves trifid : surculine ones trifid or un- vided, nerved ; segments linear, acutish ; stems filiform, some- what racemose; petals narrow-oval, hardly exceeding the calyx. Native of the Alps of Carinthia, Carniola, Savoy, Salis- I. SAXIFRAGA. 223 burgh, and the Pyrenees. Lapeyr. pyr. sax. p. 6l. t. 37. Sternb. sax. p. 41. t. 11. f. 3. S. cæspitòsa, Scop. carn. p. 494. t. 14. S. exaràta, All. pedem. no. 1539. f. 2. S. muscoides À prostràta, Gaudin, fi. helv. 3. p. 131. and Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p.20. S. muscoides, Sternb. sax. p. 39. t. 11. f. 2. exclusive of var. B. and y, and the synonyme of Smith. Plant densely tufted before flowering, smoothish, but afterwards loose and surculose. Surculi erect, elongated, slender. Stems filiform, 8-5-flowered, rather naked. Petioles linear, with a furrow. Flowers subracemose, on short pedicels, which are furnished each with a tripartite leaf at the base. Calyx densely clothed with glandular down: with linear obtuse segments. Petals yel- low, triple-nerved: nerves simple. Var. 2, atropurpirea (Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 26.) plant hardly with any clammy hairs; leaves rather loose: upper ones entire ; stem smoothish, few-flowered; petals narrow, of a pur- plish orange-colour, longer than the calyx. %.H. Native of Carniola and Switzerland. S. atropurpurea, Sternb. rev. sax. t. 11. b. f. 2. and in Sturm, deutschl. fl. p. 33. f. 11. Musearia atropurpurea, Haw. enum. sax. p. 28. S. ampulacea, Tenore, append. prod. fl. neap. 4. p. 20. S. muscoides var. p, Ser. in D.C. prod. 4. p. 26. Musky Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. PI. 4 foot. 151 S. muscorpes (Wulf. in Jacq, misc. 2. p. 125.) plant quite glabrous ; radical leaves entire or trifid: surculine ones all linear, undivided, obtuse, nerveless ; stems very slender, usually 8-flowered ; calycine segments lanceolate, blunt; petals linear, a little longer than the calyx. 2%. H. Native of the Alps of Carinthia, Dauphiny, Switzerland, Caucasus, Persia, and the Pyrenees. In England on the mountains about Ambleside, in Westmoreland. S. ceespitdsa, Huds. angl. p. 181. exclusive of the synonyme of Lin. and F]. dan. Lapeyr. pyr. sax. p. 59. t. 85. and probably 34. Sternb. sax. t.11. f.l. S. moschata, With. brit. 2. p. 406. S. Pyrenaica, Vill. dauph. 3. p. 671. S. muscoides ò, Sternb. rev. sax. p. 40. Muscaria muscoides £ elon- gélla, Haw. enum. sax. 37. S. elongélla. Haw. in misc. nat. p, 161. but not engl. bot. S. muscoides ĝ elatior, Gaudin, syn. sax. and fl. helv. 3. p. 31. Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 26. Plant green, densely tufted. Surculi erect, longish, slender. Stems erect, nakedish, for the most part 3-flowered, and beset with glands. Leaves rarely with glands on the edges. Nerves of petals simple. Flowers of a pale yellow-colour. Var. B, crassifolia (Gaudin, syn. sax. and in fl. helv. 3. p. 31.) leaves nearly sessile, fleshy, for the most part undivided ; stems rather panicled. 2%. H. Native of the Alps of Savoy. S. muscoides y, D. C. prod. 4. p. 26. Var. M, uniflora (Gaudin, 1. c.) surculi densely tufted ; leaves short, rather incurved; stems rather capillary, 1-flowered, or almost wanting. %.H. S. cæspitòsa, Lapeyr. fl. pyr. t. 34. and 36. S. muscoides 3, Sternb. rev. p. 40. S. moschata, var. Lapeyr. fl. pyr. t. 38. S. acaúlis, Gaudin, syn. sax. in Miesner, anz. p. 68. fi. helv. 3. p. 127. Muscaria acaúlis, Haw. enum, sax. p. 88. S. muscoides nana, Sternb. rev. sax. suppl. p. 11. t. 7. f. 2. S. muscoides £, D. C. prod. 4. p. 26. Var. ò, capitàta (Gaudin, fl. helv. 3. p. 131.) surculi densely tufted; leaves short, thickish; flowers sessile, capitate, few. 4%. H. Native of Switzerland, in the grassy parts of the moun- tains. S. cæspitòsa, Wahlenb. helv. p. 80. exclusive of the synonymes. S. muscoìdes ¢, D. C. prod. 4. p. 26. Moss-like Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. England. Pl. 4 foot. 152 S. pyemæ`a (Haw. misc. nat. p. 168.) plant quite gla- brous; surculi very short, rosulate; leaves lanceolate, nerve- less, glabrous, blunt, and rather cut at the apex ; calycine seg- ments broadly ovate; petals oval, hardly longer than the calyx. ` Y.H. Native of the Pyrenees. S. muscoides y hemisphæ’- rica, Lapeyr. pyr. sax. p. 60. t. 36. S. moschàta, Smith, engl. 224 bot. t. 2214. exclusive of the synonymes. peyr. pyr. sax. p. 62. t. 38. S. moschata y, Sternb. sax. t. 11. B, f. 2. S. muscoldes lineata, Sternb. rev. sax. suppl. 1. p. 10. t.7. f.1.? S. muscoides a microphylla, Gaudin, syn. sax. in Meisner, anz. 1829. p. 69. fl. helv. 3. p. 131. D. C. prod. 4. p. 26. Plant densely tufted, spreading close on the ground. Sur- culi short, rosulate, very leafy. Stems filiform, slender, few- leaved, 3-4-flowered, beset with glands. Flowers the smallest of all the section, of a yellowish colour. Calyx and pedicels S. moschata 8, La- glandular. Nerves of petals simple. Filaments short, purple. Pygmy Saxifrage. Fl. May, June. Scotland. Pl. 1 to 2 inches. 153 S. Terexre’nsis (Bunge, in Ledeb. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 398. fl. alt. 2. p. 123.) plant small, tufted ; radical leaves much crowded, cuneated, trifid: segments oblong-linear, obtuse, ciliated with a few glands ; cauline leaves few, trifid or entire ; stem few- flowered, glandular; petals oblong, twice the length of the calyx. 2. H. Native of Altaia, in rough stony places on tops of mountains, between the rivers Ursul and Koksun. Flowers pale yellow. Allied to S. moschata, but differs in the flowers being twice the size, and in the petals being obovate- oblong. Terek Saxifrage. Pl]. 4 foot. 154 S. secu’npa (Moretti, tent. sax. p. 20.) plant very vil- lous; radical leaves aggregate, cuneiform, 3-5-cleft: lobes ob- tuse; stems few-leaved, rather corymbose; flowers secund; lobes of calyx ovate, obtuse; petals obovate, longer than the calyx. 2. H. Native of Italy? S. ceespitdsa, Biroli, fl. acon. 1. p. 142. Poll. veron. 2. p. 33. but not of Lin. Sccund-flowered Saxifrage. Pl. + foot. 155 S. venosa (Haw. enum. sax. p. 28.) plant almost stem- less ; leaves simple and trifid, nerved; scapes 1-flowered, fur- nished with linear entire leaves. %.H. Native of Melville Island. Perhaps only a variety of S. muscotdes, unifléra, or cespilosa. Veiny-leaved Saxifrage. Pl. 1 to 2 inches. 156 S. cLaBE'LLA (Bertol. virid. bonn. 1824. p. 80.) surculi densely leafy; stems few-flowered, glabrous; leaves all un- divided, linear or spatulate, glabrous; peduncles and calyxes puberulous, viscid ; petals obovate, obtuse, length of the calyx, triple-nerved; capsule short, somewhat globose, inclosed in the calyx ; styles short, diverging; seeds obovate, echinated, dark. 2%. H. Native of Abruzzo, on humid grassy rocks. Said to be nearly allied to S. exarata, Tenore, append. 4. fl. neap. p. 19. : Smooth Saxifrage. FI. July, Aug. Pl. 4 to 4 foot. 157 S. quinaue’Fipa (Haw. in misc. nat. p. 163. enum. suce. p- 26.) surculi erect; leaves cleft into 5-11 parts, pedate : seg- ments linear-lanceolate, furrowed by a line on the upper side. 4%. H. Native of Scotland, on the mountains. Perhaps the same as S. pedatifida. Quinquefid-leaved Saxifrage. 4 foot. 158 S. sıLENIFLÒRA (Cham. ex Hook. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 245.) plant tufted; surculi short; leaves stiff, rosulate, dense, 3-5-7-parted, shining, and as if they were varnished, many nerved, pubescent : segments linear, acutish; floriferous stems elongated, clothed with glandular down ; flowers panicled, rather large; ovarium adhering to the tube of the calyx, which is clothed with glandular down ; calycine segments obtuse; petals obovate, 3-nerved, twice the length of the calyx. Y%. H. Native of Behring’s Straits. The inflorescence of this plant a good deal resembles S. hypnoides. Var. B, uniflora (Hook: 1. c.) stem 1-flowered. Catchfly-flowered Saxifrage. Pl. 4 to 4 foot. 159 S. apsce’NpENs (Vahl. inact. nat. hist. hafn. 2. 1. p. 12.) Fl. May, June. Scotland. PI. SAXIFRAGACEZ. I, SAXIFRAGA. leaves deeply tripartite; segments cuneated, multifid; pedun- cles many-flowered ; calycine segments ovate-oblong, bluntish; petals oval, entire; stem ascending, panicled. Y.H. Native of the Pyrenees, in springs. S. petra‘a, Gouan. ill. p. 29. t. 17. f. 3. S. aquatica, Lapeyr. pyr. sax. p. 53. t. 28. Sternb. sax, p. 48. t. 19. f. 1 and 2. Plant tufted. Surculi short, leafy. Stems ascending, a foot or more high, beset with glanduliferous hairs. Radical leaves 5-lobed, glabrous ; lobes deeply toothed. Petioles dilated at the base. Flowers disposed in coarctate panicles, white. Peduncles many-flowered, and are as well as the calyxes clothed with glandular down. Nerves of petals simple, reddish. Filaments yellow. This is the largest species of the whole section. Var. B, fldvida (Ser. in D.C. prod. 4. p. 29.) stems firm, branched ; flowers scattered, yellowish, large; anthers purple. Y.H. Native of the Pyrenees. S. aquatica, var. Lapeyr. fl. pyr. p. 53. t. 29. Sternb. var. B and ô, rev. sax. p. 48. t. 19. f. 2. Var. y, sectinda (Ser. 1. c.) flowers secund. Y%.H. Native of the Pyrenees. S. aquatica, var. y, Lapeyr. fl. pyr. p. 53. Sternb. rev. sax. p. 48. var. y. Var. ò, corondta (Ser. 1. c.) peduncles lateral; stems leafy at the apex. Y.H. Native of Corsica. S. adscéndens y, D.C. fl. fr. 4. p. 370. á Var. £, glomeràta (Ser. |. c.) flowers nearly sessile, sub-capi- tate, yellow ; stems humble and weak. S. aquática (3, Lapeyr. fl. pyr. p. 52. Ascending Saxifrage. Fl. May. Clt. 1752. Pl. 1 foot. 160 S. cunga‘ta (Willd. spec. 2. p. 658.) glabrous ; lower leaves on long petioles, cuneated, 5-lobed: upper ones nearly sessile, lanceolate, undivided ; stems ascending, panicled ; caly- cine segments ovate, acute; petals oblong. X. H. Native of Spain, on the mountains near Castellfort. S. cuneifòlia, Cav. icon. 3. p. 25. t. 248. but not of Lin. Lobaria cuneifòlia, Haw.. enum. sax. p. 19. Stems many, ascending. Lobes of leaves acute. Flowers panicled, white. Peduncles elongated, 1- flowered, smoothish. Cuneate-leaved Saxifrage. Pl. 4 to 4 foot. 161 S. cropuni'rEra (Desf. atl. 2. p. 342. t. 96. f. 1.) plant gemmiferous ; surculi short; leaves of the surculi 5-cleft or trifid, and sometimes simple, lanceolate, acute, and awned; flowers panicled ; calycine segments oval-oblong, obtuse ; petals obovate. %. H. Native on the top of Mount Atlas. Plant tufted. Stems erect, filiform, glabrous, furnished with a few leaves. Segments of divided leaves lanceolate. Petioles cili- ated. Axils of leaves furnished with globular buds, which are pedunculate, and formed of simple, ciliated, imbricated leaves ; these buds shoot out into surculi for the following year. Flowers white, one half smaller than those of S. hypnoides, 5-7, dis- posed in a panicle. Pedicels and calyxes clothed with clammy down. Nerves of petals simple. Var. B, Gibraltdrica (Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 31.) leaves much smaller: lobes short, ovate, acutish; buds in the axils of the leaves smaller, oblong, acutish; stems few-flowered. Y.H. Native of Gibraltar. Styles not exceeding the calyx at maturity. . Globule-bearing Saxifrage. PJ. 4 foot. ; 162 S. uypnoipes (Lin. spec. p. 579.) plant gemmiferous ; surculi very long, procumbent ; radical leaves 5 or 3-parted ; surculine leaves simple, linear, stiff, ciliated, mucronately awned; calycine segments triangularly ovate, awned; petals roundish- obovate. %.H. Native of the Alps of Switzerland, Austria, Pyrenees. In Britain, in the north of England, Scotland, and North Wales, on high rocky mountains ; as well as on limestone rocks, walls, and roofs in less elevated situations, abun- dantly. Fl, dan. t. 348, Vill. dauph, 4. p. 674. t. 45, Lapeyr. SAXIFRAGACE. pyr. sax. p. 57. t. 32. Smith; engl. bot. t. 454. S. elongélla, platipétala, dénsa, curvata, densi- fòlia, Schleich. cat. 1821. Herb densely tufted before flowering, quite glabrous, but afterwards becoming loose, surculose, and villous. Surculi reddish as well as stems, which are erect, shin- ing, brittle, and 2-4-flowered. Surculine leaves furnished with ovate, acute buds in the axils. Cauline leaves few, linear-lan- ceolate, undivided. Peduncles elongated, 1-flowered, clothed with viscid down as well as the calyxes. Petals white, triple-nerved, rose-coloured on the out- side at the apex ; nerves simple. Var. B, viscdsa (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 447.) plant softer and looser ; flowers larger. 2.H. Native of the Alps of Scotland. S. viscdsa, Hortul. Var. y, angustif dlia (D. Don, l. c.) surculi ascending ; leaves longer. %. H. Native of the Alps of Scotland. S. angusti- folia, Hortul. S. hypnoides 6, Aitdni, Haw. enum. sax. p. 332. S. Sponhémica, Gmel. fl. bad. 2. p. 224. ? Var. 6, muscdsa (D. Don, 1. c.) plant one half smaller and slenderer ; segments of leaves smaller ; flowers smaller. Y.H. Native of the Alps of Scotland. Var. £, pulchélla (D. Don, l. c.) plant more robust ; surculi thicker and stiffer, and more rigid ; buds obtuse, more crowded ; surculine: leaves broader, with a furrow on the upper surface. u.H. Native of the Alps of Scotland. Var. £, spatulata (Haw. enum. sax. p. 33.) leaves of the sur- culi spatulate, hardly acuminated, somewhat tridentate; stem few-flowered. 2. H. Native of Switzerland. S. spatulata, aw. misc. nat. p. 165. Schleich. cat. 1821. but not of Desf. S. craterifoérmis, hort. oxf. ex Schleich. cat. 1821. S. dubia, Schleich. cat. 1821. Hypnum-like Saxifrage. Fl. April, in Britain. Pl. 4 to 4 ft. 163 S. conprnsa‘ra (Gmel. fl. bad. 2. p. 226. t. 3.) surculi procumbent, short; radical leaves 5-parted: surculine ones trifid : segments linear, glabrous, awned; calycine segments triangularly ovate, acute, mutic. 2/.H. Native of Sponhemia, among rocks, and on the Alps of Scotland; also of Kotzebue’s Sound, if S. cæspitòsa, Cham. in litt. be the same. S. dénsa and S. lævis, Hortul. S. palmàta, Lejeune, fl. spa. 1. p. 194. S. Gmelìni, Host. fl. aust. 1. p.512. S. flavéscens, Sternb. rev. sax. suppl. p. 13. t. 9. f. 2.? S. le'vis, trifida, rupéstris, and congésta, Schleich. cat. 1821. Plant quite glabrous, shining, of a beautiful green, densely tufted before flowering, but after- wards loose and surculose. ` Surculi procumbent, without buds. Stems numerous, nearly naked, glabrous, 2-3-flowered. Pe- duncles glabrous, l-flowered, curved when the flowers are in the bud. Calyx rather downy. Petals white, triple-nerved, rose-coloured on the outside at the apex; nerves simple. Condensed Saxifrage. Fl. May, Ju. Scotland. PI. } foot. 164 S. ELONGE'LLA (Smith, in Lin. soc. trans. 10. p. 340. engl, bot. 2277. exclusive of the synonyme of Donn, cant.) Surculi short, erect; radical leaves 5-cleft or trifid; surculine leaves for the most part tridentate: teeth mucronate; calycine Segments ovate, awnless ; petals obovate. 4. H. Native of Scotland, on humid rocks near Lintrathen, in Angusshire. S. hypnoides a, elongélla, Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 30. Herb quite glabrous, and densely tufted before flowering, but after- wards becoming loose and rather villous. Stems erect, nearly k 2-3-flowered, smoothish. Petioles slender, dilated. Pe- OL. 11. I. SAXIFRAGA. 225 duncles very long, 1-flowered, beset with glanduliferous hairs. Petals white, triple-nerved; lateral nerves curved, branched : middle one simple, straight. Longish-stalked Saxifrage. Fl. Apr. May. Scot. Pl. + ft. 165 S. LEPTOPHY'LLA (Pers. syn. 1. p. 490.) surculi procum- bent, very long, slender; radical leaves 5-parted: surculine ones 3-parted or undivided: segments linear-lanceolate, very acute, divaricate ; calycine segments oblong-ovate; petals spa- tulate, quite entire. %. H. Native of the Alps of Switzer- land, and on the mountains of Wales. S. retrofléxa, Hortul. Plant quite glabrous, and densely tufted before flowering, but afterwards loose, diffuse, and surculose, and beset with viscid villi, Stems numerous, flexuous, smoothish, shining, many- flowered. Leaves without any buds in the axils. Segments of leaves awned. Flowers drooping, white. Peduncles elongated, and are as well as the calyxes beset with glandular pili, Caly- cine segments ending in a reflexed mucrone each. Petals triple- nerved, with the nerves simple. Var. B, angustifida (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 450.) plant slenderer ; segments of leaves narrower. Y%. H. Native of Wales, on the mountains. Slender-leaved Saxifrage. Fl. May, Ju. Wales. Pl. 4 ft. 166 S. tarevirens (D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 451.) surculi procumbent, elongated ; leaves 5 or 3-parted: segments linear, acute ; calycine segments lanceolate, mucronate ; petals spatulate, emarginate. Y%.H. Native of the Alps of Scot- land, on the loftiest rocks, in moist situations, in Angusshire and Aberdeenshire, and on the hills to the north of Loch Lomond. Herb pale green, densely tufted before flowering, and quite glabrous, but afterwards becoming loose, diffuse, and surculose, and beset with long scattered villi. Surculi destitute ‘of buds in the axils of the leaves. Stems erect, few-leaved, usually 3- flowered, rarely 1-flowered. Radical leaves 5-parted : surculine ones 3-parted : lower cauline ones 5-parted : upper cauline ones undivided, lanceolate, and acuminated. Flowers campanulate, white, drooping while in the bud. Petals triple-nerved ; nerves simple, green. Pale green Saxifrage. § 3. fibrous. 167 S. ARAcHNOÍDEA (Sternb. rev. sax. p. 23. t. 15. and in Sturm, deutsch]. fl. 35. no. 7. with a figure) stems weak, diffuse, much branched, very pilose; leaves very thin, somewhat cune- ated, obovate, 3-5-notched ; flowers on long peduncles : pedun- cles divaricate ; lobes of calyx ovate-lanceolate, shorter than the tube, which is rather villous; petals ovate, entire, hardly ex- ceeding the calyx; styles much shorter than the calyx, parallel. X. (Sternb.) ©. (Ser.) H. Native of Tyrol, in shady rocky places. Moretti, sax. p. 28. Lobària arachnoídea, Haw. enum. sax. p. 20. Flowers white. Cobwebbed Saxifrage. Fl. April, June. Clt.? Pl. 4 to 3 ft. 168 S. peTRÆ'A (Lin. spec. p. 578.) radical leaves palmately 5-lobed: cauline ones tripartite and cut; peduncles very long, 1-flowered; calycine segments linear, acute; petals obovate, truncate at the apex and emarginate, twice the length of the calyx. ©. H. Native on Mount Baldo, among broken rocks, and of the Alps of Carinthia; also of North America, in alpine rivulets on the Rocky Mountains. Wulf. in Jacq. coll. 1. p. 200. Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t.81. S.geranioides, Host, syn. 231. S. rupéstris, Willd. spec. 2. p. 653. S. Pònæ, Sternb. sax. p. 47. t. 18. and t. 1]. f. 6. and in Sturm, deutschl. fl. p. 35. fig. 16. S. alba petræ'a, Pona, itin. p. 183. S. bianca, Calceol. itin. p- 12.—Pluk. alm. p. 331. t. 222. f. 3.—Moris. hist, 13. p. 379. sect. 12. t. 9. f£. 28. S. petræ'a a, B, and y, Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. Pas Tridactylites petræ'a, Haw. enum. sax. p. 22. Plant 8 Fl. May, June. Scotl. Annual or biennial plants, without surculi. Pl. 4 foot. Roots Petals usually emarginate. 226 SAXIFRAGACEE., diffusely branched, furnished with glanduliferous hairs. Stems erect, branched at the base; branches elongated, fastigiate. Radical leaves on long petioles, somewhat reniform at the base ; lobes obtuse ; cauline leaves all petiolate: upper cauline leaves undivided, acute at both ends: lower cauline ones tripartite ; lobes acute. Peduncles and calyxes clothed with viscid down. Flowers white, much larger than those of S. tridactylites. Petals triple nerved; nerves simple. Rock Saxifrage. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1752. Pl. d tol ft. 169 S. rripacrytires (Lin. spec. 578.) primordial leaves entire, and spatulate: cauline ones quinquefid or trifid; calyx urn-formed: with very short, obtuse segments; petals obovate, truncate at the apex. ©.H. Native of Europe, in dry sandy places, and on walls and roofs of houses ; plentiful in Britain. Curt. lond. fasc. 2. t. 28. Smith, engl. bot. t. 501. Sternb. sax. p. 44. t 17. and in Sturm, deutschl. fl. 33. no. 15. S. annua, Lapeyr. pyr. sax. p. 53. Tridactylites annua, Haw. enum. sax. p. 21.—Moris. hist. 3. p. 478. sect. 12. t. 9. f. 31. Stems erect, branched, flexuous, many-flowered, furnished with short glanduliferous hairs. Radical leaves crowded. Petioles ciliated with glands. Peduncles and calyxes clothed with viscid down. Flowers small, white; petals with 3 simple nerves, Var. B, extlis (Gaudin, fl. helv. 3. p. 116.) leaves all oblong- spatulate; stem simple, few-flowered. ©.H. Native of Swit- zerland, Italy, France, &c. S. exilis, Poll. veron. 2. p. 31. Three-fingered-leaved or Wall Saxifrage. Fl. April, May. Britain. PJ. 4 to 4 foot. 170 S. contrave’rsa (Sternb. sax. p. 43. t. 16.) plant beset with glanduliferous viscid hairs; radical leaves crowded, 3-5- toothed, or sometimes nearly entire; calycine lobes ovate, shorter than the tube at maturity ; petals obcordate, larger than the calyx ; styles much divaricate, longer than the calyx. ©. H. Native of the Alps of Lapland, Norway, Savoy, Carinthia, Piedmont, Dauphiny, Carpathian Mountains, and the Pyrenees. S. tridactylites 3, Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 404. S. adscéndens, Lin. spec. p. 579. mant. p. 884. All. pedem. p. 1537. t. 22. £ 3. Wulf. in Jacq. coll. 1. p. 197. t. 11-12. f. 1-2. S. petre'a, Gunn. norv. p. 427. t. 9. f. 1-3. exclusive of the syn. and descript. of Lin. Fi. dan. t. 680. D.C. fi. fr. 4. p. 370. S. hypnoides, Scop. carn. 499. t.16. Gaudin, fl. helv. 3. p. 117. S. Scopolii, Vill. dauph. 4. p. 673. S. petree‘a integrifolia, Gaudin, in Meisn. anz. 1818. p. 67. fl. helv. 3. p. 117. var. B. S, contravérsa a and ß, Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 34. S. tridác- tylìtes 8, alpícola, D. Don, in Lin. trans. 13. p. 441. Tridac- tylites petree‘a, Haw. enum. sax. p. 22. Flowers corymbose, white, twice the size of those of S. tridactylites. The plant is much larger than. S. tridactylites; the radical leaves more crowded: the cauline ones more numerous, and for the most part 5-toothed. Var. B, littoralis (Ser. in D. C. prod. 4. p. 34.) plant small, very leafy ; leaves usually quinquefid; petals entire. ©. H. In humid places on the banks of Lake Leman, S. petræ'a lit- toralis ò, Gaudin. fl. helv. 3. p. 117. Var. y, Bellardiana (Ser. 1. c.) flowers usually twin, nearly sessile, in the heart of the crenulated leaves. ©. H. S. pe- tree‘a, Bellardi, Gaudin. in Meisn. anz. 1818. p. 67. fl. helv. 3. p- 118. S. Bellardi, All. pedem. no. 1356. t. 88. f. 1. Sternb. rev. sax. p. 20. Contrary-turned Saxifrage. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1800. Pl. + ft. Cult. Saxifraga is a most extensive genus of pretty alpine plants, the greater part of which are well adapted for rockwork, or to be grown on the sides of naked banks to hide the surface. Many of the more rare and tender kinds require to be grown in pots, in light sandy soil, and placed among other alpine plants, so that they may be protected by a frame in winter. The species belonging to sections Micrdnthes and Hirculus grow best in a I. SAXIFRAGA. Il, Ertocynia. III. LEPTARRHENA. peat soil, which should be kept rather moist. The species be- longing to the section Porphireon are so very pretty little plants as to be worth growing in pots for ornament, being clothed with elegant little red flowers early in spring: a mixture of peat and sand suits them well. S. sarmentdsa does best in a greenhouse, All the species are easily increased by dividing.