Be ORE og ‘ ‘LECTURES ATERIA MEDICA AND BOT DELIVERED IN TERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA, to wit: é BE IT REMEMBERED, That on the sixth day of Oc- (L. S.) tober, in the fifty-second year of the Independence of the United States of America, A. D. 1827, Wittiam P. C. Barton, M. D. of the said District, hath deposited in this office the Title of a Book, the right whereof he claims as author, in the words follow- ing, to wit: ; - Outlines of Lectures on Materia Medica and Botany, delivered in Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, by William P. C. Bar- ‘© ton, M. Dp.” “ ; i m ’ Yn conformity to the act of the Congress of the United States, jntituled ‘ An act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and proprie- tors of such copies, during the times therein mentioned.” And also to the act, entitled ‘* An act pd A smeared to an act, entitled ‘An ‘act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and proprietors of such — copies, during the times therein mentioned,’ and extending the — enefits thereof to the arts of designing, engraving, and etching, al and other prints.” e - me D. CALDWELL, Clerk of the THOUGH the arrangement adopted in this volume, is sufficiently plain to the student,. it may not be amiss to make a few remarks : en the advantages it presents, for acquiring a knowledge of the subjects of Materia Medica. It will be perceived, that a reference is made, under each number, to the specimens of the articles treat- ed of under it, which belong to my Cabinet of Materia Medica and Botany in Jefferson College. This cabinet is the result of a gradu-_ ally increased collection of interesting specimens, and fine figures -of all the medicinal plants of the Materia Medica, during eleven’ years that I have been a Professor, and Teacher of Botany, Vegeta- ble Materia Medica, and Vegetable Toxicology, in the University — of Pennsylvania. Many of the more-rare specimens have been con- _ tributed by my eminent correspondents, Professors in the different Universities of the Continent of Europe; especially by Professor Mertens of Bremen; Professor Schrader of Gottingen ; Professor Sprengel of Halle; Professors Desfontain and Thoiiin of Paris; and many highly valuable specimens from Professor Horneman of the University of Copenhagen, whose liberality has been usefully pro- pitiated by my friend, his excellency, Mr. Pedersen, late minister from Denmark to the United States. To my pupils, in the Univer- sity of Pennsylvania, during the period mentioned, the Cabinet is also indebted for many; and for some rare specimens from the _ West Indies, and from Louisiana, it stands indebted to my secitite. git 35 George Terrill, M. D. and Henry W. Bassett, M. D. b f the United States Navys two gentlemen who eae a tributed to science, by. pursuing assiduously the official recom-_ ; mendation given to the junior medical officers of the service, by the | Hon. Samuel L. Southard, Secretary of the ‘Navy, toayail them-— selves of the opportunities their continuance in this city during a respite from duty, afforded them, of cultivating the Science of Botany ; a recommendation, being one of the numerous acts of that distinguished director of the navy, which has elevated the dignity, respectability, and usefulness, of its Medical Corps. fl The whole cabinet, I venture to believe, when arranged, which ~ from its extent has heretofore been impracticable, owing to a want of suitable apartments, will constitute the most complete collee- iv 4 * PREFACE. College, and the Kastonties? épebimens, an extensive gallery ee provided in the new Jefferson Medical building, now erecting in- Tenth, between Chestnut and Walnut streets. ‘This gallery willbe ~ a continuous room, _ forming a right angle, on the front and south aspect of the edifice ;-each angle of which measures 47 feet, by 18 | feet in height, and about 12 or 13 feet in width ; being well lighted from the-main, and small street, on which the building stands. As — far as the references of this volume go, it will be an explanatory _ eatalogue of the articles of the cabinet—for the residue, a cata- logue will be printed, by the session of 1828. For my own depart- ment, I can confidently say, that no pains nor expense will be spared in the arrangement and enrichment of this Cabinet, to ren- der it a mean of useful instruction to the numerous students who have encouraged our new institution, which has hitherto met with so much cheering encouragement,* (particularly this session, ) by intel- ligent and educated youth, from South Carolina, Virginia, Mary- ~ land, Ohio, Mississippi, Tennessee, Alabama, Delaware, Pennsylva- nia, New-Jersey, New-York, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Massa- “chusetts, Vermont, Maine, and even the West Indies. Our class contained, last year, but three students from Virginia; already, at this early period, when the regular course has-been but five days commenced, we have matriculated near thrice that number, from that ‘State—and it is not doubted, that that part of our Union which has ‘hitherto sent so large a number of Medical Students to our city, — will in future bestow a good proportion on that School, which bears _ the name of the illustrious natal patriot of the state—a patriot of whom it has so much reason to be proud. __ This volume contains a designation of those articles of the Materia Medica, which, from their novelty, uninvestigated properties, or in- _ terest, would form uscful subjects for inaugural Theses. In reference to these, I have the pleasure to mention, that the Medical ‘Faculty _ of Jefferson College, has determined to award, this year, an equiva- \ to $90 for the best inaugural Latin thesis, which shall be ad- judged excellent, from its pure Jatinity, and the able treatment of ; the subject. For the next best, an equivalent to half that sum, to gether with certificates of this honourable Setoctoe in the chai -Purkapeneaa, Nov’r. 12th, 1827. | st ‘ the aggregate number of our elass, was less then ons fori tl pputed to resort to th: University. This session, ac to the ac- ged numbers of that schooi, we have more than one-third—and this is but ion of the exist. nce of our Coitege! We have ther fure every rea~ A oun for ealeuiating neariy on an ¢quai division with that © oo ) next session—and in one ee ata OUTLINES OF LECTURES. a er ABI—ACA No. Ne REsINnaA. Gited Be i Synonym, Pinus abies, which see, No, 2.—ABsINTHIUM, wormwood. Synonym, Artemesia absynthium, which as see. No. 3.—Acactra, the generic name of an assem- blage of pinnatified plants, of which two species furnish drugs of commerce and medicine—gum Arabic and gum Senegal. * Acacta. Species plantarum of Willdenow, Vol. 4. page = 085, 23d class, order Ist of sexual system of Linn. — Lomentacex vie. Polygamia, Monoieia, Natural order, __ of the same suthot, Natural order, Leguminosee of ussiew. ~~ ow, as above, with the fol Genus No. 1902 of ¥ Ville lowing characters : teal Pe Hermaphrodite. Calya fivé-toothed. Corolla five-cleft, : ‘or formed of five petals. Stamens 4-100, Pistit ee ‘ ume bivalve. 5 Male. Calyzx five-toothed. Corolla fve-left or formed of five petals. Stamens 4-100. | VOL. II. B Ps ACA—ACA Orrrcryat. Catechu extractum. Lond, Acacie extrac- tum Catechu. Edin. Catechu: extractum e ligno, res Pharmacopeia, United States. Extract of * ‘Wm. P. C. Barton’s Cabinet of Materia Medica and Botany, in Jefferson College—specimens No. 1 and 2. : Coloured figure of the plant, small series, frame No. 3, under Synonym Mimosa Catechu. No. 73 is now under notice, as yielding Catechu ; de- rived, according to Kerr, from two Oriental words— cate, a tree, and chu, juice. : The tree which yields Catechu grows abundantly in the woods of Kanhana, in Hindostan; seldom exceeds twelve or fourteen feet in height, covered with a rough thick bark, and towards the top dividing into numerous branches, on the younger of which are placed from fifteen to twenty pairs of pinne, about two inches long, each having near forty pairs of hairy follicles; flowers, hermaphrodite and male ; fruit, a lanceolate, compressed, and smooth pod. Flowers in June. Two sorts of Catechu—Bengal and Bombay ; the first being the produce of Canara, the second of Behar. Little chemical difference, according to Davy—either nearly soluble in the mouth; their solution in water inodorous, and slightly red in tincture of litmus. From 200 grains Bombay Catechu, Davy obtained 109 tan- nin, 68 extractive matter, 13 mucilage, 14 impurities; obtained by boiling and evaporation of the decoction of the brown coloured and inner part of the wood of _ the Acacia Catechu. Taste more or less bitter and astringent, with sometimes mawkish sweetness, Besides the true Catechu, there are sold in the bazaars — of Lower India, two other substances, similar in pro- — perties to it, and used by the native and Europa practitioners for the same purposes. The first is call- ed Cuttacamboo in Tamool—the second, Casheuttie. — the i are two different extracts from the nut of the betel-nut tree, (areka catechu,) which see. The term Terra Japonica, or Japan earth, formerly ap- — propriated to this drug, originated from the me ps : _tion that it was an earth from Japan. It is calle by the Hindostanese ; Cutch, by the English ; by dif- ferent authors, Chaath, Cate, Cachou, Cachoze. zs. Pale Catechu—in — + uare cakes, red, light, friable, lamellated, : ire taste sweetish, after taste bitterish and ast AcA—ACA A pecific gravity, 1.39. . ‘Dark Catechu—heavier ‘than é pale; specific gravity, 1.28; more austere and bitter; in other respects, alike. kinds often adulterated with sand and other impuri MEDICINAL Puorertizs ann Usrs. A swaluable astrin- gent—the brown containing most tannin, preferable. Used i in dysentery and diarshea, alvine and uterine hamorrhages, leucorrhoca, ebstinate catarrhal affec- ~ tions. Locally, to spongy gums and aphthe of mouth : and fauces—for relaxed uvula, occasioning teasing — cough—as a dentifrice. Alkaline salts destroy its astringency ; metallic salts, and. solution of isinglass, — form with it insoluble cpmpranie Dose, grains x. to Bj. or Zi. Orricrnat PrePaRatTIons— 1. Infusum Catechu. "Ey 2. Tinctura Catechu. g London and Edinburgh. 3. Electuarium Catechu compositum. Edinburgh and Dublin. I recommend the following formule — RK. Catechu, Ziv. Alum ix, — Waite resiliy ¢ e. Olive oil, £3x. _ Water, q.s. No. 1.—Pulv. Crete, Maisto one powderio be tery nahn tao anaes ad ger ei Tinct. ED ag Tinct. cardamon. comp- oe =. Syrup of cont. aurant. £3j. 5 on No. 3.—Mistura Crete, fJiss. _ Tinet. Opii, drops xv. n-ne a - Tinct. Catechu, f3j. No. 4.—Infu. Cusparia febrifuge, f, Tinct. Catechu, Z et Daag aosie = Ipecac. ~ es 3 bp No. 2-Keker Vira. Synonym, Mimosa nilotica. ¢ — be % AACA | ae ey ; Orricrvat. Acacie gummi, Lond. Acacie Arabice gummi, Edin. Gummi Arabicum. Dublin, Acacia — _, Gum, or Gum Arabic. © : - Cabinet Mat. Med. & Bot. Jeff. Col. Specimen No. 4, called best (opt); Nos. 5 and 6, common; No. 7, sophisticated No. 8, coloured figure of the plant, - -smail series. The small tree yielding this drug, is common in nearly every part of Africa. The gum exported from Barbary to England, is from trees growing in the Alas moun- tains, and at Blod-el-jerreede. Stem crooked, bark _ Z grey, that of branches tinged with purple ; leaves F alternate, bipinnate, composed of several pairs op site pinnz, a small gland on the common petiole, be- tween the base of each pair, and having numerous pairs of narrow, elliptical, smooth leaflets. Capitult consisting of hermaphrodite and male flowers, sup- ported on slender peduncles (4 or 5 together) from the axils of the leaves. Cole Si hc aleped, : five-toothed. Corolla five-cleft, segments narrow, — yellowish. Filamenis numerous, capillary, anthers roundish, germen conical, style slender, stigma simple, * Pods three or four inches long, half an inch broad ¢ Soars —_ several, flattish, brown. They yield a reddish e. The gum exudes spontaneously from the bark of the — trunk and branches, ina semi-fluid state ; becomes hard and transparent by exposure to air. Collected in December. According to Jackson, it is a diseased ‘oduct. He says, the most sickly trees, in the hot- test seasons, yield the most; and in these seasons, it is gathered in July and August. Little is obtained in moist, cool, or mild summers. I cannot acquiesce in, this opinion, and account for the facts stated, by in- ferring that excessive heat is fayourable to the exces- sive generation of the gum, which is a natural and ae not a diseased secretion. The elimination of a greatge ntity than is consistent with the usual economy 0 pages ally by heat, naturally takes away some of the | nourishing juices of the tree—hence it is sickly. Qvatitres. In irregular shaped pieces, hard, brittle, semi-transparent: fracture semi-lustrous; neither fu- r £ ; neither f ‘ pid, i specific gravity, 1.3161 'to 1. Senegal—ma k .s ACA—AC es . the Hindostanese, m brought from the Fast In- dies, darker, less pares and less soluble, than gum Se- negal, and which is the product of Acacia Arabica, or Babul tree. Soluble in hot or cold water, and v table acids; insoluble in alcohol; triturated with tae ae or volatile oils, and resins, renders them miscible with _ water 3. insusceptible of fermentation, owing to some — lime it contains. Dr. Thompson found it to contain luten—hence its very-nutritive quality, as mentioned in therapeutic lecture on Demulcents. Mepicat Prorertizs. Referred by writers to derml- cents ; dissolved in the mouth, for cough; given in drink, i in bowel diseases of children; in gonorthea, leucorrheea ; chiefly used in state of mucilage, and as- a Senucle for medicines repulsive to water, in — ical mixtures. Orriereat Purrasarrons. 1. Mucilago Acacix, L. E. D. 2. Emulsio Mimosz Nilotice, E.. Emulsio Arabi- ce, D. 3. Mistura corn. ust. L.D. 4. ae te, L.D. 5. Mistura Moschi, L. 6. Confect. Am dal, L. 7. Pulv. Crete co. L. 8. Pulv. Tragacan co..L. 9. Trochisci Carbonat. calcis: E. 10. Troch. Glyerrh. Glab. E. 11. Troch. Glycmh. Glab, cum opio. E. 12. Troeh. Gummos. E. No. 5.—AcETOS£ Fouts. Leaves of Rumex ace- tose, or sorrel dock, which see. No. 6.—Acrtocetis. The plant called Oxalis ace- tocella (which see) or wood sorrel, yield- ing oxalic acid, in form of oe! oxalate of potass. No. 7. Acrtum, L. Ev Acetum Vini, D. Vinegar. Qualities, and economical use, well known. * Menicrnat Prorertizs anp Uses. — Is Pefrigerantiidia- phoretic, diuretic, anti-narcotic ; externally, lig itly stimulant and astringent. Used to acidulate diluent drinks and ptisans; as a glyster, in obstinate costive. ness; externally, as a fomentation or lotion, to b bruises, sprains, and chronic ophthalmia ; diluted with water, used to clean the eye of stall particles of lime. In vapour, it is used in sore throat and catarrh. Dose, 3i to Zii—in glysters, fZi to £3j- Be OrricrnaL Preparations. 1. Acidum aceticum. L._ E. D. 2. Acidum aceticum forte. E, D.. 3 byes us aceti. E. e B2 ae a — _ ACE—ACE No. 8.—Acetum Corcarct. L. Vinegar of meadow saffron. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 9. Vi dissolves the active ics of the bulb of ~ Deahinw: BARES Qualities and medical uses—see Colchicum Autumnale. Dose, f3ss to fZij, in any mild liquor. No. 9—Acerum Scure. L. E. D. Vinegar of Squill. _ Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 10. + An ancient preparation of Squill, d , when lo: kept, a ienehhite ie a of reine hme « tannin. This does not, as ‘Poften supposed, deteri- : orate the medicinal value of the aennenion- See Stille maritima. ~ No, 10—Acrtum Aromaticum. E. Aromatic vi- ; ne Thieves? Vinegar.® Marseilles Vinegar. i Le Vinaigre de quartre voleurs. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 11. s Is a solution of essential oils and camphor, in vinegar for the formula, see Edinburgh Pharmacopeia, and 2 similar preparation in the French Codex, a of an acetic infusion of various aromatic herbs camphor, under the above French name. No. 11,—Aczr1s Hyprarcrri. E. Acetas Hes drargyri. D, Acetate of mercury. — Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 12. e Quvauitres. In small, flakey, silvery-white crystals, of an acrid taste, composed of acetic acid and oxyd of mercury ; insoluble in alcohol—soluble in hot, spar ingly in cold water. ACI—ACI 1s “i “a - er Meprctwat Uses. In pills, dose gr. j. for old venereal affections, parti of the skin ; a solution of gr. ij, in £3ij rose-water, used as x cosmetic. Keyser’s anti-venereal pills consist of this mercurial salt, tritu- rated with manna. No.12.—Acipum Aceticum—(impurum ?) Fortius. L. Strong (impure?) acetic acid. Spe- cific gravity, 1.046. Lond. Pyroligneous acid—e ligno stillatum. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 13. ; Acetic acid distilled from wood, or pyroligneous acid— known in England in 1661, under the name of ‘sour - irit,” or ‘* vinegar of boxwood;” within a few years _ Spinit,”” S5a eats Obtained by d ing wood, in large iron cylinders, by heat—rises gaseous, _ “and becomes condensed into a liquid by passing — through cool pipes. Oe Qvauitrzs. Colourless, limpid; sharp agreeable taste, ~ and penetrating vinegar-odour, with some empyreu- _ matic aroma ; five or six times stronger than common _ vin ; very volatile ; makes a white opaque smoke, which is a dry acetate, when its vapour is allowed to rise near carbonate of ammonia ; similar in chemical properties to diluted pure acetic acid ; forms a colour- less salt when saturated with potass, and a colourless mixture with sulphuric acid. Mepicat Prorrrttes anp Uses. Diluted with distilled 7 powerfully —— tic—hence its economical use, in _ F 7 i 3 bstances—m igt nt be nea Etgenpanitinn of mata - ‘ ae No. 13.—Aci1pum AcztosuM, forte E. Acidum ace- * tecum. D. Concentrated acetic atid— radical vinegar. Cabinet specimen, Jeff, Col, No, 14. Differs from distilled vinegar, in being more concentrat- edand pure. Obtained from decomposition of acetic salts by sulphuric acid. jane Quaxitizs. Pungent, acrid, volatile; takes fire, when — heated in open air; more solyent than distilled vine- _ id dissolving camphor, essential oi see resins— ution precipitates them again. With alcohol, it — forms a kind of ether; waked With water Meeapghe ” 3 : - * ~ * 2 - ACI—ACI <4 ; portion, evolves caloric during the combination ; cor- rodes every thing but gold, platina, glass, and earth- enware. Henry’s aromatic vi is an acetic solution of cam- phor, oil of cloves, lav , and rosemary. An ex- temporaneous similar preparation may be made, by i acetate of potass, M. xx. of sulphuric acid, and a ew drops of some fragrant ea | oil. Both useful, when applied to the nose in fainting, &c. No, 14.—Acipum Crrricum. L. Acidum citricum crystallis concretum. D. Citric acid. Acids of lemons, limes, &c. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No, 15. Qvatitizs. Pure, is in white, semi-transparent, per- sistent, rhomboidal prisms—or two four-sided pyra- ids, joined at their bases. Inodorous ; intensely acid, su ustic taste ; soluble in cold and hot water: £3i, cold, dissolves 3x—same quantity, boiling, dis- solves 3ij. One ounce of the crystals, dissolved in one pint water, equivalent to one pint lemon-juice ; if not caréfully kept, the solution undergoes spontaneous decomposition ; combines with alkalies, earths, and metallic oxides, forming citrates of them. Decom- posed by sulphuric nitric acids. Sophisticated with tartaric acid, whith may be detected by adding to the solution muriate of potass, or saturating it with carbonate of potass, when an insoluble super- tartrate, in small brilliant crystals, will be formed. "+. Adulterated also with citrate of lime,,which may be - _” known by dissolving the crystals in water, salinating the solution with ammonia, and adding to it some oxalate of that substance, which will precipitate it instantly. Menicat Properties anv Usks. One ounce to a pint _ of water, used as a substitute for recent lemon-juicey® 3 _in scurvy, both as a prophylactic and remedy. Thou; : not “y to that juice in this disease, it is eq good for making the effervescing draught, with car- bonate of potass, Used also in all affections in which fresh lemon juice is proper. A solution of Bj, nm a - pint of water, sweetened with sugar that has been — _» pubbed on fresh lemon-peel, is a grateful lemonade, -» im febrile and inflammatory complaints. : ‘Dr. Paris has given the following table of equiva- _ Bn ACI-ACL Citric Acid.| Lemon-~Juice.| A seruple of Alkalies. gr. x. fZiij. Carbonate of potass. gr. xv. | f2iij. Sub-carbonate of potass. QT. XXv. fZvij. Sub-carbonate of ammonia. Citric acid, though called the juice of lemons, is contained in many other fruits, from which it may be obtained by the same process as from lemons or limes: — viz. the cranberry, bird cherry, solanum dulcamara, rosa canina or Hep, or fruit of wild briar. It exists in combination with malic acid, in the strawberry, rry, currant, bilberry, whortleberry, hawthorn, _ cherry, &c.; and in small proportion, in the berberry, elder-berry, sloe, service, plumb, &c. This accounts for the well-known fact, that the juices of these fruits soften and remove tartareous incrustations _ on the teeth. A recollection of the existence of this acid in the foregoing common fruits, will also enable the practitioner to direct or forbid them, in disease or conyalescence. : No. 15.—Acrtpum Hyprocyanicum; Acidum Prus- sicum. Hydrocyanic acid. Prussicacid. — Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 16. Pi: The most vehement, certain, and destructive poison known. This deleterious liquid was first introduced to somewhat general employment, as a subject of ~ Materia medica, in the year 1815, by the London _ ‘itioners—and since, by those of other places in- Britain and on the Continent, and in the United States, — This remark has reference only to the acid in its si ple, separate form—for the deleterious principle which it consists, was long known to exist in the distilled water of the Lauro Cerasus, a8 appears from the murder of Sir Theodosius Broughton by means of it, and also the suicide committed, in 1782, by Dr. Price, of Guilford, in vexation of spirit at his inability _ to prove the truth of his profession of a power to con- vert mercury into gold, aftribunal competent to decide on the fact. He puta period to his exist- _ ence, on the day before the appointed time of trial, —— by drinking laurel water. : a ae _ The medical employment of this article was also known long since. ‘Linnzus, in the Ammeznitates Academicz, published in the year 1765, mentions — 18 _ ACI~ACI ii: tg alt that laurel water was used frequently as a remedy for + pulmonary consumption, in Holland. = Other vegetables contain the acid, besides Lauro’ SF Cerasus, or cherry laurel. It exists in bitter almonds, seh the leaves of the peach-tree, the kernels of the fruit j Se of this and many other plants of the family, in the = a6 pips of apples, and in the bark of the prunus padus, png or bird - It exists also in the bark of the pru- ss nus Virginiana, and prunus serotina, or wild cherry a pice of this country.* a. -Qvatitizs. Liquid, transparent, and colourless at the ordinary temperature, but occasionally yellowish; first ~ taste cooling, after taste peculiar, bitterish, acrid, irri- tating ;. slightly reddens tinct. turnsole ; odour pow- erful, resembling that of bitter almonds, vraag. 7 ge able, unless mingled with a large quantity of air. Exposed to light and air, spontaneously undergoes decomposition, when the above properties are lost. When a few are put on paper, it quickly eva- porates, and in the generation of cold, the residue is ee unique property, distinguishing it from other liquids. Soluble in alcohol—very little so in ‘ water ; agitated with ten or twelve times its volume - of that fluid, it re-collects on its surface, like oils, — ** Left to cool in vessels, it is decomposed in less than _an hour, and rarely preserves its integrity more than a fortnight.” Magendie. It consists of a peculiar gaseous, os ed on compound of carbon ~~ nitro ed Cyanogene, united with hydrogen as eae Pa o> ing principle—hence it is called hydrocyanic a . medicinal preparation contains a small portion only of the concentrated compound. According to Ma-— gendie, the acid, prepared according to Sheele’s me- thod, is of irregular medicinal power; and he recom- mends Gay Laussac’s acid, diluted by six times its volume, or 8.5 times its weight, of di water, for medical purposes: this mixture Magendie calls medi= -einal prussic acid. Dr. Ure proposes that the specific gravity shall designate that fit for medicine; and after comparative experiments of the gravity of the acids obtained by different processes, he states that the ee Ree prescribed is of specific gravity, 0.996 or _Errscrs. Hydrocyanic acid, in a sufficient quantity, ins destroys life in man and animals. The ve- ACL-ACI * locity with which it acts, probably destroys nervous energy. It has the property of extingwshmg general _ sensibility, without injuring respiration and circula- tion. Animals have been found to breathe and suffer no impediment in circulation, for some hours after muscular irritability has been extinguished. Mepicat Prorsrtizs anp Uszs. . Referable to sedative narcotics. Efficacious in tracheal phthisis, according to Mr. A. Todd Thompson : has been commended by Granville, in tubercular phthisis—by Brera, in pulmo- nary inflammation—by Magendie, in all cases of aug- mented irritability of the pulmonary organs, as nerv- ous chronic coughs, asthma, whooping cough—by Thompson and Elliotson, in dyspepsia; the former recommending it to be combined with tonics, in this and soreness of the tongue: he says, that in these cases, ‘fit reduces the morbid irritability of the sto- mach, and thereby enables the juices of that organ to be more slowly secreted, and of a more healthy — character.” Thompson appears to have been the first _ who used it in gastric affections. It has proved ser- viceable in uterine hemorrhages, dysmenorrhea, and hemoptisis. In England, it has been used in cases of hectic cough—in Italy, to calm the irritability of the yterus, even in cases of cancer, and to moderate and regulate the inordinate action of the heart in sthenic diseases. It has been used in chronic rheumatism and acid, to employ some vegetable in which. acid naturally resides, by an association of physici sur- geons, and naturalists of Florence—as the essential 0 of Prunus Lauro Cerasus. They recommend olive oil as the best vehicle, in the proportion of twelve — _ drops of the essential oil to one ounce of the oil. Others prefer laurel water, (which see.) Formule— No. 1,—Mistura Acidi Hydrocyanici. Mixture of Prussic _ Acid—Magendie’s Pectoral. Medicinal Prussic Acid, gr. 59.07 troy Distilled water ibl Pure sugar eee Mixed, and to be car gion oe ee Dose, a desert-spoonful morning and eyening—may be increased to 6 or 8 spoonfuls in 24 hours, : ; ACI—ACI . * No. 2.—Potio Acidi Hydrocyanici. Potio: tion of Hydro cyanic Acid—Magendie’s Pectoral Potion. : 4 = Infusion of ground ivy, (Glechoma hederacea,) 2 02. : Medicinal Prussic Acid, 15 drops Syrup of Marsh Mallows, 1 oz. Mixed and shaken, before use. Dose, a desert-spoonful every nine hours. No. 3.—Syrupus Acidi Hydrocyanici——Hydrocyanic. Syrup. Clarified syrup, ibl é Medicinal Prussic Acid, gr. 59.07 troy To be added to common pectoral syrups, and used _asthey are. : cee ae No. 4.—Lotio Acidi Hydrocyanici—Hydrocyanic lotion. Hydrocyanic acid, f Ziv } a Rectified spirit of wine, f£3j Used by Mr. A. T. Thompson, as a wash for im- - petiginous affections. x No. 16.—Acipum Benzoicum. L.E. D. & Phar. 4 U.S. Benzoic Acid. Flowers of Benzoin. — Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 17. A preparation of gum Benzoin, which is the produce of Styrax Benzoin, or Benjamin trée of Sumatra, Quvatities. Inodorous, when entirely pure; very agree- ably fragrant and aromatic, as it is found in the shops, - u the name of flowers of Benzoin ; in this state, — it contains some oil, on which its odour depends—by — dissolving it in alcohol, and precipitating it by water, this is got rid of. It is, pea in its Tey ti state altogether, that it is. em ‘ medical purposes. — Taste pungent, pet acrid, and acidulous. It is- jn minute acicular crystals and flakes, soft to the touch, of a beautiful white hue and saline lustre, and “not pulverulent. Specific gravity, 0.657. Ina strong - heat, it burns with a white flame—in a lower heat, it melts, and emits an acrid suffocating vapour. Soluble in twenty-four times its weight of boiling water; but is nearly all deposited on cooling, say nineteen twen- - tieths. With alkalies, earths, and metallic oxides, 1 forms, salts, eS benzoates of each, which have — never been applied to medical purposes. _ co AX1s-ACY Mzpica, Prorentixs ann Uses. re simiulid “ik ex- t, as all the balsams and balsamic ‘products are. _ Itis chiefly used as an ingredient in the com- position of other medicines, particularly common Pa- regoric, which is never agreeable without it, though it is sometimes left out. As benzoic acid is in some _ degree pectoral, it is not improbable that it has its share in the peculiar and agreeable effect of that mix- _ ture, in catarrhal diseases. It also enters into the Tinctura Opit- Ammoniata. E. ; Nov 47.—Acipum Murraticum. L. E. D. Phar. U.S. Muriatic acid.. Synonyres, 2 Stee spe eid, (Rahat 2 . a specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 18. Qvarities. A straw-yellow liquid, of pungent odour, and intensely sour, caustic taste ; emits white, suffo- _ cating fumes when exposed to the air, and corrodes _ animal and vegetable substances; forms muriates, — with alkalies, earths, and metallic oxides. Thetiquid — acid in use is a solution of muriatic acid gas in water. When of specific gravity 1.16, according to Davy, it contains 32.32 per Sent of the gas, which isacom- pound of chlorine (oxy-muriatic gas) and hydrogen, — in equal volumes. Mepicat Prorertizs ann Uses. Tonic and antiseptic; used in typhous fevers* and cutaneous eruptions—in : for ulcerated sore throat, and scarlatina _ if Sikioey tighly diluted, as an injection for : - rhea; was supposed a cure for itic affections— Pearson has opposed this notion : he says, by its sa- lutary effects on the stomach and general health, **i is a medicine capable of ameliorating the appearance of venereal ulcers, and of restraining fore ie | the progress of the disease, where it is desirable to gain a little time, previously to the entering on a mercurial course,” Dr. Paris says, that during several years’ extensive practice in the Westminster Hospital, he uniformly exhibited it with success, in the most ma- _ lignant cases of typhus and scarlatina. He says also, — that after & copious we he fants, : __ * Professor Reich was rewarded by the King of Peussis with a pension, for his assumed ‘ineoreey. ot Fhe ry te ae camp fevers. VOL, Il. Cc | 22 i ee ACI—ACI 4 -very efficacious in preventing the generation of — _. worms, administering it ina ig infusion of - asavehicle, This acid has been used as an antilitic. — ‘The antiseptic virtue, above noticed, has long been — known. Some strong facts on this point are related by Sir Wm. Fordyce. As a disinfecting agent, the acid has been hi commended. It appears, however, too acrid and oppressive, if not suffocating, for apart- ments inhabited, as the wards of hospitals, &c. It is better fit to disinfect recently occupied cells of pri- sons or hospitals, wards, dissecting rooms, &c. which a _ have become foul from putrefactive animal or vege- ~ ag table matter, or from previous animal effluvia without | ventilation, or from previous contagious disease. The " muriatic acid gas may be evolved by pouring sulphuric acid on common salt. This, in common with the other mineral acids, is preferable in cases where we wish a long-continued use of acids, since they are not liable to decomposi- thon by the digestive process. + Dose, Lv. to xx. frequently repeated, in some bland ee fluid, as barley water, gum Arabic water, or, if occa- _ ® ~* sion require, in bitter tonic infusion. Pewter or lead- ‘en spoons must not be used for receiving it. No. 1.—Acidi muriatici, £355 to f3ij to FZiv of an kind of fluid, as a gargle in sore t, &e, No. 2.— : teful, and tonic beverage, in fevers of low type. I oo .. eas less diluted, No. 19 has been found efficacious , chronic hepatitis, even after dropsical effusion had tak place ; also in wasted and worn-out constitutions, a5 gentle and certain tonic, without increasing too much the excitement of the system, during its immediate operation. It also restrains violent nausea and vomiting, and is am ‘excellent tonic in dyspeptic disorders. In 1796, Dr. Scott -philis: he combined it with muriatic acid—three ce Ae has averred, that it is no, substitute 1 SCT RCT without the muriatic, and in numerous cases ah entire success. It is said to lessen the action of mercury on the mouth and fauces, . and hence, in broken-down constitu- tions, to be a useful tonic conjunctive with that medicine. _ Nitric acid itself, however, often salivates ; and as the mouth and fauces give the first evidence of this effect, E can in no way perceive how it can lessen the determina- tion of mercury to the same sites. Carmichael recom- mends its union with digitalis, in cachectic constitution __ afflicted with venereal. It is useful, conjoined with mer- cury, in obstinate ulcers of the legs, as | know from expe- : rience, accompanied by or existing without venereal taint. - No. 20 has been nefariously used as a poison. It may be known vac orange-coloured Mer} onthe hs oe wes and hands = eo ee ‘ <: = - testines, Besides ate rie te ty of the latter converted into a fatty matter, and the former often i * ; rated, Sages Dose of No. 20 is from mx to hate in F3iij of water, y 3 three or four times a day. 2 Formula— Acidi Nitrici dilut. FSij 2 * - ™ Aq. com. Oj. a nas Mixed as a ition for fetid ulcers yielding an »ichorous. discharge, and also in caries of bones. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll, ‘No. 20. ‘The process of this preparation is dineoted” ‘tticeeut _ the Edinburgh and the Dublin College : the discrepa ae epoca the article, asa medicine, _ Obtained fron " Quien white, translucent, s' odour and taste ; retkieh a vgs flammable ; soluble j in twenty-four parts o F. and two parts of 212°, the greater part crystallizing ag the water cools; soluble in aleohol, and nue be nitric acid, without decomposition ; combines with alka- lies, earths, and metallic oxides, forming succinates. Is adulterated by—1, tartaric acid, which is detected by _ ¢arbonate of potass; 2, by muriate of at _ by nitrate napa oe Sy ‘by ee of p “Meprea esata: AND Usts. “Was ae much externally, to stimulate ed wounds, and a: erful stimulant, internally, in tetas; still | _ Continent of Europe. pees C2 ACI—ACI @tccAcwon Sutpuuricum. L. = D. & U.S. Sulphuric acid. Synonyms, Oil of Vitriol, Vitriolic Acid. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 21. Quatitizs. See Di ories, Adulterated in the shops ; ordinaril containing three or four | er cent. of saline matter, which consists of about tw sulphate of potass, and one-third sulphate of dead; Fides wt affcet the mediches! properties it is used oe in doses of from five to cight drops, with a glass of water, for the same putposes as the following, No.23 —Acipum SutpHuricum Ditvutum. L. £. D. . Formula— , a - €inchonz lancifoliz cort. contus. 3ss Aq. com. £Zxvj Made into a decoction—then add to the boiling liquor, oa Serpentara radicis contus. py. - cinnamomi comp. aes & U.S. Diluted Sulphuric Acid. 4 ‘Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 22. i Fan: Rition esteemed the different ‘ies 3 on eee is more pure, and its dose ean be bettet pica 2 » than No, 22, MepicaL Properties anp Uszs. Antiseptic, refrigerant, E t; useful for weakened digestive organs, colliqua- — tive sweats, diabetes, typhoid fevers, cutaneous 4 internal hemorrhages ; was Sydenham’s remedy for epis- _ taxis and hemoptisis; used, much diluted, as a collyrium, ee in chronic ophthalmia and obstinate ; x. to xl.—in violent uterine hemorrhages, and in nant erysipelas, has been given to the extent of si in twenty-four hours.» May be given in the infusion of rose- — leaves. The teeth must be guarded by sucking it through a quill. Locally applied, is a good gargle in sore throat, and to check salivation. OrricinaL PREPARATIONS, 1. Acidum sulphuricum aro- maticum, called in Phar. U. 8. Tr. pea gavin acid—this is the common elix. of vitriol. 2. Infusum rosz Z a ee ‘ No. 24.—Acipum SuLpHuricum AROoMATICUM.— Aromatic sulphuric acid. Elix. of vitriol. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 23. Sie This preparation contains ginger, cinnamon, and alcohol. It is erroneously considered to be an impure kind of ether, but is no more than a solution in alcohol of the acid and the above aromatics—it is absurdly denominated a finelure, in the Phar, U. S. Quatitizs. Limpid; of a mahogany or red-brown colour ; odour peculiar and aromatic ; taste gratefully acid. Dose as in No. 23, in water or chamomile tea. May be used in all the affections i in which No. 23 is employed. It is, in- deed, the common way of giving sulphuric acid. The dose itis may be repeated three or four times a day. It is now com- monly used in the mixtures of sulphate of quinine, to add excess of acid. These mixtures are therefore aromatic alcoholic super-sulphates of quinine. » No. 25.—Acrpum TartTaricum. Tartaric acid. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 24. — Quaxrries. When crystallized, is white, semi-transparent, ee persistent in the air, inodorous, and very acid to the taste; primary form of crystal, an oblique rhomboid prism; melts if heated above 212° F.; boils at 250°, without losing its whiteness ; readily soluble in water, the saturated solution not being liable to spontaneous decomposition ; forms tar- trates, with alkalies, earths, and pcrecar aie sown readily — saturates alkalies, like citric acid ;.carelessly made, con- tains sulphuric acid, which can be acmeed by adding: muriate of barytes to the solution, when a precipitate, in- soluble in excess of muriatic acid, will be thrown down. _ This acid exists in prey en eS othe ob- tained from red wines—in tartarum album, or white which is an impure super-tartrate of potass, gy seo white wines ; it is the essential salt of the gra during the fermentation of the wine, poor » eine ii, S | Cabinet specimens, Jeff. Coll. Now “ and 33— Sor of the ee per, No. 34. Ormcrvat. Calami Radix, Lond. pe Edin, -Acorus ( calamus aromaticus_) Radix, Dub. Sweet Flag. io serie te lag Me ace ADE—ASC ; which may be obtained by distillation, It is extr with the bitter matter, by infusion in boiling water. tains a fecula, which is precipitated from the infusion ~ acetate, and super-acetate of lead. Mepicat Prorertizs'anp Uszs. Aromatic tonic, Used intermittents, combined with bark—in dyspepsia, or with other aromatic tonics—relieves the vertigo atten this disease. TI agree with Mr. A. Todd Thompson, t it is too seldom prescribed. It is a valuable medicin __. Dose in substance, 9j to 3j in powder—of the infusic made with 3vj of the bruised ook and fZxij of boilin water, a tea-cupful three or four times a day. J is useful for colic of babies, The shoemakers chew it: obviate the ayipepidi incident to their trade. No. 29.—Apers Preparata. L. Adeps sui scrof > wulgo Axungia porcina. E. x __ preparatus. D. Prepared hog’s Axunge. An emollient ; use well known—principally in taking ments, plasters, and liniments. __ Incompatible substances; extracts, spirituous preparation _ tinctures, and infusions, are ge ett of a perfect u with lard, without an uniti All dry po’ ders, vegetable or fixed pore volatile oils balsams; camphor; and soupe—foetn.. ‘an intimate wl with it. _No 30.—Airuco. L. D. (sub-acetas cupri impr Sub-acetas cupri. E. Verdigris. See_ prum. x No. 31—-Ascutus HippocasTanum. Comm horse-chesnut. 2 C1.7. Ord. 1. Heptandria monogynia. Nat. ord. Tri Linn. Acera, Juss. is oo ‘Orricrxat. Cortex, the bark. Dub. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 35—coloured figure @ >. plant, No. 36. “. A large and e nt tree, native of the north pedeqaga Teoma sneer in ATH—ATH | i Incompatible substances with the infusion. Sulphate of iron _and zinc, uriate of mercury, super-acetate of lead. — ‘Tarun emetie does not affect it, € BF ee MepicaL Pitrncers anp Uses. A tonic; used in ase: “TMittents, typhus, &c. when cinchona is admissible. : in powder, : gate to be made with 3j to vues 03, = straine fZiss, or £Zij, every three or = ours. No, 32.—A;THER Sutpuuricus Rectiricatus. L. & U.S. Rectified sulphuric ether. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 37. . | Quarries. _A colourless ~-and in liquid, of agen of . nt and fragrant odour ; zeke vty 73 i mable; when free from alcohol, boils at 98°; Sat eee be administered near a candle; unites with alcohol and ammonia, in every proportion. A powerful solvent of | balsams, resins, gum resins, wax, camphor, extractive, &e.; takes up one-twentieth of its wate of —) does not dissolve alkalies. Meprcat Properties anp Uses. Aw intense diffusible sti- mulant, narcotic, anti-spasmodic ; may be given in sweet- ened water, or any cold infusion or decoction; useful in hysteria, tetanus, gastric cramp, hiccough, and to — yomiting in cholera morbus and sea-sickne account of the coldness generated by its rapid’ ovipoen: ; tion, as a refrigerant in burns and scalds ; to facilitate the - reduction of strangulated hernia; and to-lessen high cere- — bral excitement of the blood-vessels. When ee applied, free access of air must be permitted to the for, covered or confined by linen rote et is rubifac ORE and even produces vesication. with muriati an instantaneous evaporation takes ea aes and as below 0 of Fs is engendered. Specific gravity is ke bert : test of its purity. Sophisticated with alcohol and suiphar- ic acid : the first known by its forming with phosphorus _. a milky instead. of a limpid solution—the second, by its reddening the tinct. of litmus, and by the precipitation -which ensues on adding a solution of barytes. Long kept, _ undergoes spontaneous decomposition. Dose, fss to f3ij, repeated at short intervals. Inhaled, it excites the scnso- — rium, like nitrous oxide gas. Boys made a toy of it, in this ra be two years ago, by putting it in glyster bladders, aling it through the pipe ; it a — . e2. ig ogee it is sai two cases of deat 32 No.1. R Tincture castorei, f3j *) For an anti #€theris sulphurici. Mx (dic drsiight to be Tinct. opii, : Mvij taken three times a Aqua cinnamomi, f3iss) day. me No.2. Re Moschi — 3 dj 4 Acaciz gummi contriti, Zss_ | An antics a -Triturated well together, { dic pam to and then gradually add, be taken pro re ‘ Aquz rose, zj nata. = ot ees theris sulphurici. Bi 73 No.3. BR Assafetide, a Si Aquz menth. pip . Piss aa oo Triturate the assafetida with water oe gradually added, and when well % 3 mixed, add r i BE Tinct. Valerian. ammoniat. . £3, ‘Biherissalphurict, » ome A large Uahlodpaceilil way second. hour, in hysteria. ; These two preparations are similar in properties, and | sec No. 3. Spiritus Etheris Si rici. Lon. Spirit of sulphu- : ATH~—ATH No. 4. RK Tinct. assafcetide, 3j + #Etheris = = A ce 50s, sotaag sg ip mee Aquz, _ ) Puanm. Pree.— No. 1. Spiritus JEtheris Aromaticus. 1. aromatic spirit ether. Made with cinnamon, cardamon seeds, long per, ginger, and spirit of sulphuric ether, which is a paration of etherial oil, or oil of wine, which see. No. 2. Ether Sulphuricus cum Alcohole Aromaticus. Edin. Aromatic sulphuric ether with alcohol. Made with cinna- mon, cardamon seeds, long pepper, sulphuric ether, and alcohol. dose is the same as of No, 32. ric ether. A mixture of a pint of sulph. ether, w 3 pint of rectified spirit, used in No. 1, and 2. Thef lowing are its synonyms :— a | Bther Sulphuricus cum Aleohole. Edin. uric et with alcohol, being a mixture of one part the eee with two parts of the latter. eee uricus. Dub. ic Made of 52 Ss Pai Sf rectified spirit, the latter heated to 120°, and eek into a glass retort, fit to bear a sudden heat, and e acid _ added in an uninterrupted stream; nsed for the same pur-” - poses as sulph. Shee hat is less active. ee to fZiij, © : = or f Ziv... pe Ss a a ~ —/.» Formua— cs, ; } = Barley water, fs, gar; ‘rota ififtam- Orne 3 amen: Bi A gi of the fauges, > No.4. Spiritus Etheris rae are Compositus. Lond. Com- _ pound spirit of ether. Made of a pint of No. 3, and two fluid drachms of ethereal oil, (Clem sithereum, or oil of . __wine,) mixed. - Salis mesines, Jeff. Coll. No. ioe, or daca e: icine. it is well made in thts city by the manufacturers of drugs— particularly Wetherill, Far and Kunsi—and the respectable retail shops are supplied by them with it. I have known’a miserable substitute for it, sold out of some shops, under the name also of Hoff- man’s anodyne ; No. 4 is stronger than bes gn cama Mrprcan Prorearizs AND Usss. Stimulant, and supposed anodyne. United with laudanum to procure sleep, it is anodyne—and this is a good union, preventing — the former from producing nausea. Dom A fai £Zss to F3ij, in sweetened water, one ounce. _ ps 53.—£rueais 2 TROSYS. Dub, Nitrous us Ether. e I pecu I is on nit owing to the presence Highly rectified, its specific gravity is Oe - than No. 32; boiling at 70° F.; producing a greater. de. . gree of cold. by evaporation 5 “very inflammable ; requires 48 parts water for its solution; combines with alcohol i in. proportion; absorbs nitrous and acetic acids—which _ are ‘initwhen long kept. Mok eect} in this state in medicine, the preparation from i sf only being employed in the spartan me — Paar. Pare.— | No. 1. —— JEtheris Nitrici. Lond. Spirit of nitric e ether. eee ie . OL. 31. Rage ve - ‘Mepicat Prorenties anp Uses. Detailed in the lectures we: 35.—ALLIUM. AELC—ALL spirit, with threé ounces by weight, | of strc acid, then distilling by gentle heat, twenty-four fluid ounces. _ No. 2. Spiritus JEtheris Nitrosi. Edin. Spirit of nitrous: ether. Made of 3} alcohol, 116 nitrous acid, gradually mixed, the alcohol being placed i in a vial immersed in cold water; the mixture is then distilled by the heat of boiling water, into a cool receiver; the spirit comes over. No. 3. Spiritus Ethereus Nitrosus. Dub. Nitrous ethereal — spirit. Differently directed by this college from the pre- Nos. — Sary for its extraction, are lixiyiation anc ee these are performed in pans sunk in the ¢ of which is sufficient to carry on the evaporation. chief Sahn: alum of commerce is obtained si peor ce Oa liar preparation of solidi , called alum ores. At Tolfa, near Civita-Vecchia, where Wink itivn stars af is made, the ore is alum-stone, or sulphuretted clay, found © in large stratified masses among compact iron-shot las it large strated but at ees ae nent of Europe and in Great Britain, it is manufactured from pyritaceous clay, which is in black, hard, brittle iecinlih dices aluminous ores, a white saline earth 5 ‘shale alum slate, which occurs amorphous, or in concentric balls. At Hurlett, near Paisley, the largest alum mine in Britain, the schistus lies ten inches thick above the coal beds. An alum i is found near Moscow, which contains ted by Dr. Hoffinan, who denied that it it could — be detected in these waters, in their natural state ; after- “ wards ascertained that martial vitriol, or sulphate of iron, “38 gives these waters a sourish taste, and had probably been ‘= ~ mistaken foralum. Yet Dr. Layard assures us, that the ee ae Somersham chalybeate, in the county of Huntingdon, in — had contains alum. Dr. Morris obtained it from this eo erent sath, Seperation of five grains, in crystals = %. of alum, to two pounds of water. Dr. Rutty suspects that s*S the mineral water at Ballycastle, in the county of Antrim, “2 in Ireland, contains a pittance of alum. i ae It has been supposed by Mr. A. T. Thompson, that alum __ -was unknown to the ancients, since the erurrig of the a Greeks, and the alumen of the Romans, were mere vitriol ic earths. lsh. by the Asaticy n the mid to have been by the esietion ie the ages of alast callenbieeat ae re - Europe was supplied, seg gy works were andseve at Tolfa aa Voter lin a ober = Satire im that country, are t on, the estates. of Lord 5 ah Saleh: soe Seaeareeaee Dowd and Mul; reat Whitby, nthe same nty. The best octohedral masses, powdery on one ae contains - no ammonia in its composition. i ciaaheva, in eulie eS ee ee —— Gray, rocured by the solution of it sal g into barrels and allowed to — crystallize, is the article met with generally in commerce. Quauitizs. Has the property of retarding, and in some instances of preventing, the acetous fermentation of vege- tables. Added to common paste, it prevents it from be- _ coming sour, and hence is used to give firmness to paste _ used by bookbinders and paper-hangers ; such paste may _be kept for weeks in winter. Animal substances, as glue, are preserved by it ina similar manner. - E. purgative. Boerhaave’s astringent powder for the ague, consisted of alum and nutmeg, with the addition of Armeniap bole peculiarly nated to - solution as an injection, in protracted sanguineous dis- charges from the uterus, connected with great relaxation. - Helvetius, as early as 1691, declared alum to.be a specific - inhemorrhages. He used alum fused with a portion of sanguis draconis, which was called pulvis stypticus—a name still retained in some pharmacopeias—but kino has been substituted for the dragon’s blood. Dr. Thomp- — son, a Scotch physician, has published an account of his — success of the Pulvis Helvetii, in uterine hemorrhages. In menorrhagia, combined with galls, may very beneficial- Pepe a p laudanam may be added. _ “ 1, in scorbutic h: = Forse utic ms and cancer oris, gargles made of alum, sage, and hc a useful. Combined with the heuchera ax nities dinease-of Habetes; alah tins had advocates of celebrity, among whom were Drs. Dover and Mead. Darwin supposes that it acts, in curing this disease, by exciting the absorbents of the bladder to their natural — action. It probably acts as a tonic or astringent, and cures very old cases of the disease, when it does so at all. Cullen. observes, that alum-whey was frequently used in the treat- -ment of diabetes, in the Edinburgh Infirmary, without success. Brocklesley and Vogel have used it with advan- tage ; and some physicians of this country bave advocated the same practice. Dr. Barton used to relate, inhislec- tures, that Dr. Wistar had cured one case of diabetes, in this city, entirely by alum-whey. Selle also states, that he cured an obstinate case of this disease, by alum. Recommended Be. Pereisabas x propbylantic Slime Ba ann earn Ameer Dr. Grashius recommended its use, in this disease : :“he used the di alum, (4, exsiceatum.) Dried alum has been princ used as an external application. Richter as cade in colica pictonum, It would be easy to adduce the tes- - sons of numerous other physicians in favour of this ctice—~as Sommer, Gebel, and Lentin. Finally, alum — as been recommended in gastric debility and colliquative sweats. Formerly much used as a gargle, in putrid sore throat, _ Decoetions of Virginia snake-root and rhus glabrum, with _ a portion of alum dissolved in the liquid, beneficial in ul- cerated throat and fauces—have given way to capsicum. After inflammation has been somewhat subdued b < pletion, or in chronic ophthalmia, alum curd is usefu ophthalmia sche tole te Cullen found alum more we erful than white vitriol or sugar of lead. Some have re- - commended alum curd; but Cullen has found the solution — made te and opium nonbineds Leake used it in % a ALU—AMM varies according to the views of _ . The third, or alum- 3ij of alum with a pint of milk, ose of which is a wine-glass-full. — made by briskly agitating a — hite of an egg, in some con- _ oagulum is formed. It is ap- i obstinate constipation of thet Is. the preparations used. 4 is the Aluwnen alum, of the Dublin College, By the action of heat, alum an external application ; and owing to its escharotic pro- — perty, it is useful in venereal chancres, and other ulcers e having feeble and spongy granulations. It is much em. ployed to destroy fungous excrescences ; but it should be — remembered, that it owes its escharotic power to an excess of acid, and if not so prepared as to redden syrup of vio- lets, it will prove ineffectual. The officinal preparations are—Liquor Alum: co. L. Puly: Alum: co. E. ; No. 42.—Am oue-L. E. D. & U.S. Ammo- ae niac—the product of Heracleum Gummife- rum, which see. e: No. 43,—AMMONIE Murias. L. Murias Ammonia. : E. Sal Ammoniacum. D. Sal Ammoniac. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 51. This salt isa compound of No. 17 and ammonia; is found aS apr of volcanoes, The eruption of Etna, in 1811, afforded as much as supplied all the manufactories and apothecaries’ shops in Sicily. ‘That employed in medicine agin ae at ne AND Usts, Is p vou. ti. fe © and the arts, is artificially pre . Pperod 3 in Egypt by btn i ; : - the dung of phytivorous ‘nti, Martiied h stra elods, and dried in the sun. Is now manufactured in dif- ferent ways, in Europe: in England, has been made by chopping bones into small pieces, extracting the marrow _ and fat by boiling, then distilling from an iron cylinder into a leaden receiver, and cooling by a refrigeratory, which — -forms the cover, and contains about four inches. of water. This process yielded six parts impure alkaline liquor, a five of fetid oil : the latter was skimmed off, and powder- ed gypsum mixed with the former. In the subsequent steps of the process, common salt was added ; and by eva- oration and other steps, a PR Sere 5 is obtained, The cakes are hemispherical ; about an inch thick ; elas- — tie ; and when broker ‘towards the convex surface, white, ~ striated, and opaque—towards the concave, have a more crystallized appearance, and nearly semi-transparent. Some- times met with in conical masses, which are deliquescent, owing to the presence of muriate of lime—hence unfit for . medical use. Inferior sort imported from East Indies. Quvatrrres. Inodorous; of a salt, bitterish, acrid, cool taste 5 ; slightly imbibes moisture from the air; specific gravity, — 1.450; somewhat ductile ; easily pulverized ; soluble in — 3.25 times its weight of rater, at 60°—in its own weight, at 212°. Great reduction of temperature takes place dur- ing the solution. Soluble in 44 parts alcohol. ee Incompatible salts with it, are—super-acetate of lead, “nitrate of silver, and all the metallic salts, the bases of which form insoluble compounds with it ats : atmoditely Thabane coicttion * Dr. Eberle has used it =a in large doses (15 gr.) three times daily, and successfully, in discussing indurated and enlarged tonsils. Recommended, in a late Numb. of ’ Hafeland’s Journal, in enlarged pi scirrhous poe: gland—in the same doses. Sophisticated with sulphate of ammonia, pewhich i is detected’ by muriate of barytes—it causes a copious precipitation. — — pure, No. * may be etey vealed sf ane heat _ Orrre. Pnev. Anavini LR & U.S. Liquor Ammoniz. L. Aqua Ammonia. E. D. Hydrargy. Precip. lb. L. sleohol Ammoniatum. E. D. Terrum Ammoniat. ; L. E. D. Formulea— No. 1. & Ammoniz Muriat. Acidi Acetic! A Spir. Camphor. : No, 2. R Ammoniz Muriat. . Alcohol, wrong ix isnt: cP its is ties soos pl scabies, and chilblains—in which cases, it is said. by Mr. A. T. Thompson, that it is better not to be dissolved too recently. Also, a gangle’ for __. ¢ynanche. = Higa say an ea pater sci wattle yearn ale This ammoniated plaster to be applied immediately after made, and renew ee four hours. This is Dr. Paris's © pubidecient bi ad powerful stimulant, in » and I wish to No. 4. RK Ammoniz Muriat. ij Ext. a roi’ r . No, 44.—A mycpar1s Communts. Common can tree. Varieties—¢ Amygdalus Sativa. Sweet Almond tree. ae y Amygdalus Amara. Bitter Almond tree. C112, Ord. 1. .cosandria Monogynia. Nat. Ord. Poma- Cal Self, inferior Pet. 5; drupe, with « nut perforated: AMY—AMY 47 \ OVFICINAL. ee Seige eee Et ota & mares Saver Nig sina Amygdale Communis Foe: ‘Edin. Cabinet specimens, Jeff. Coll. Nos. 52 and 53—coloured . figure of the plant, No. 54. Native of Syria and Barbary—naturalized in Europe, where its fruit does not ripen ; flowers in March and April, before frondescence. These two varieties not distinguished from each other, but by the taste of the kernel of the fruit. — The Valencia almond sweet, large, flat, pointed at one | extremity, and compressed, as if by the thumb, in re middle. Italian, poor te less cae a less depressed i in the middle. _ Jordan H smscepti > og “4 ae ; best and sweetest kind; said to saodacel Nt a erent species; are longer, flatter, less pointed at one end, less round at _ the other, cuticle paler, than the others. The bitter poi- sons fowls, parrots, and some animals ; used to clear mud- dy water. All kinds yield a fine oil by expression. Quatities. The sweet, inodorous, have a sweet bland taste; the bitter, triturated with water, have the odour of peach, and a pleasant bitter flavour. Proust and Boullay have proved the —- patween. the emulsion of sweet almonds and human milk. Sweet almonds—oil 54, albumen 24 (on which the indigest- ible property depends, ) sugar 6, gum 3, with traces of — acetic acid. The bitter contains, in addition to these, hy- drocyanic acid, in union with a peculiar volatile oil, on which its narcotic effect depends. Yet these last princi- = are So modified by their natural combination ie eding that they may be eaten with imp A been considered as an antidote to drunk Water from ee salaterious and animal, ae Mepicat ProrentTies AND ; One : Sodis-saleliaiocy « not nutritious ; heartburn is said to be relieved by eating six or eight, decorticated. Triturated with water, milky emulsions are formed. 3ij almonds saturate about f3vi water. Used for suspending in water, substances not mis- cible with it, as camphor and gum resins; to assist in pul- verizing refractory substances. Mr. A. T. Thompson has found the emulsion useful as a lotion, inacné rosacea, and in impetigo. The bitter almonds, eaten by some persons, produce urticaria—rare. Orric. Pree. Confectio Am gdalarum. L. Emulsie Cam-— phore. E. fe bi eaciae Mittens 4 Amygdale Placenta—almond cake—substance left after ex- pression of the oil—ground, is almond ite ois as soap by ladies and dandies. a AMY—AMY oil of almonds is the same, procured from the bitter or the — sweet; used as an emulsion, united with 1, mucilage 25 yolk of egg—or 3, an alkali. The first is most conve- ~ _._hient—with 2, forms a grateful mixture—f3j of oil re- ~ quires. viij liquor potassx, and £3j of distilled water. — : Substances incompatible are, acids; honey; syrups; tat _. trate and super-tartrate potass; super-suiphate potas: css by ae peste ay hard water. No. 1. R Olei amygdal. £3j : Acacix gummi. Bij _ Rubbed rogetoers | then add > ext ea distillate, 5; ~ ‘Table-spoonful two or ‘ices times a day, for cough, “of Triticum hy iatanen, or whitat: ES. hits columnar masses; odour faint ;_ taste- Amyli. L. E. D. Puls. oo Spe: L. ry emmy E. Trochisci gummos. - °, 46 Aeris: Cl. 8, Ord. 1. Octandria monogynia. Nat. Ord. - Terebine tacex, Juss. Calyx four-toothed. Pet. 4, ‘Blesg: Stig. four-comered: te. A WO species. us 1. Amyris elemifera. Elemi tree. “2 2. Amyris Gileadensis. Balsam of Gilead tree. _ AMYRIS ELEMIFERA. oe. — Orrrernat. Elemi. Lond. Elemi, Resina. Dub. Blatt _ Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 55. ? — of Carolina and the Brazils—a small tree. ie ob: by incisions in the bark, in . left to in the sun as it exudes; was fo key. tle . " very fusible—affords ae a iteice a rick age Seat Alcohol dissolves the greater part. . Mernrcat Prorentizs axp Uses. Stimulant, not used inter- nally, but in the mild digestive ointment, which is its only . ———- Parranstioy. Unguentum cletai. compositum. No. ifs hetase GILEapEnsis. . “eee caly cha EEE teteee 7 tise ; Hints never to be brought genuine, — No. Fel ae Tivctoria. Dyer’s Alkanet, — Orrictxat. Radix. Edin. Anchusa; Radiz. Dub. Alka- — net root. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No 56—coloured figure of the plant, No. 57. ; Scie Formerly used as an astringent, now obsolete. Used only a a colouring matter for oils, ointments, and a fine deep red’colour. : No. 49.—Axernum. a Anethum graveolens. Connon Bi ; 2. Anethum feniculum. Sweet Fennel, No. 50.—AnretTuum GRAVEOLENS. Offcinal, Anethi ; _ -Semina, Lond. Edin, Dill seed. - Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Col. Ne Ae of the plant, 2 — — en a ae carminative; weed in flatulent — ics - Dose of powdered see xv te 3i—rarely pete Why Dr. Paris has meer seeds, and ees % 51,1 cannot imagine. Mo ‘Bot. Garden, "4899. ‘No, 51.—Axeraum Futicaciee — specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 60—~figure of the plant, 0, 61. Orricivat. Frniculi Semina. Lond. Edin. Feniculum a The-seed and root of Sweet Fem nel. ; Quatirties. Ros, a slight sweetish taste, and aromatic warmth. Seeds, a sweet warm aromatic taste, depe: on an essential oil; these qualities imperfectly im to —- water—entirely to alcohol and to water, b ec: 5 es Properties and Venn. An aromatic stim _-very useful in babies’ colies, i in infusion. Dose of brui seeds, }j to 3). | Orie. Pree. Aqua Feniculi. L. D. Oleum Seminuim | Feeniculi Duleis. D D. s~Anctiica Ancuaxcrtrea. eden An _)-gelica. a z _ Cabinet peniven, No. 62—figure of the tid No. 63. 58—ANIst Semina. Anise seeds, the fruit of eyes inella Anisum, which see (an u ~ Tiferous plant, like ‘No. 50 and — 51.) = No, 54.—AntTHEmas. Cl. Ps Bie ngenesia Supe Acad ym Compo _ x: chatly, pappus or a : emiopeical ealy nearly equal. Florets of the ray more af: setenas Feruheons Pellitoy of Aone No. > Wstdlag Ca Jeff. Call No. Ghgure of he Oo i ae Orricixat. fnthemidis Flores, Lond. BE. & U.S. Cham- mamelum Flores. Dub. Chamomile Flowers. — Indigenous to Europe—not to the United States. Flower- ing in August and September. : as — Quatitizs. Strong fragrant odour; bitter aromatic, some- what warm taste; soluble in hot or cold water, and alco- hol. Boiling dissipates the essential oil, therefore decoc- — tions should not be used. Mepricat Prorertizs ann Uses. Tonic, as well known; strong infusions, puke: exiernally, used in infusion as a fo- mentation, and bruised, with hot water, as a poultice. Orrie. Prer. Decoctum Anthemidis Nobilis. B.D. Infusum _ Anthemidis. L. Extractum Anthemidis. L. E. “Oleum No. 56.—AntTuemts PyreTurum. Pellitoy of Spain. Pyrethrum—Pellitoy. Orricinat. Pyrethri Radix. Lond. Edin. Pyrethrum Ra- — diz. Dub. Pellitoy Root. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 66—figure of the plant, No, 67. No. 57,—Antuemis Coiuta. May weak; é chamomile—stinking chamomile, &c. A common weed every where; pukes, purges, and poisons _ © children’s hands, in its fresh state. See, for a full account, W. P. C. Barton’s Veg. Mat. Med. U.S. Vol. 1. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 68—figure of the plant, No, 69, No. 58.—ANTIMONIUM—Srm. Stibium, Antimony. — Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 70. eS The term antimony was formerly given to an ore, in which antimony was combined with sulphur; but it isnow solely appropriated to express the pure metal. It is found in va-— ‘rious Ste of the world, in different states of combination —as metallic, “at Stalberg i ine Sweden, and. Allamont France; it is thus often combined with iron and silver, with liioiest of first called native antimony; the second, grey uret of antimony. It is also found oxidized, combi 1 oxide of jron, forming—1, white peta pes Re ‘media ochre—3, fe red antimony. The sulphuret, is = ore which yields the greatest quantity oF cperye ure state. In this state of puri purity, it is white, of shade, bélitiant, and very slowly tarnished in air of Jow temperature. Texture foliated, moderately hard brittle and pulverulent. It is fusible at 809°; in a higher temperature, it volatilizes in close vessels; but if exposed to the air, is very rapidly oxidized. It decomposes water _ when ignited, and is oxidized by, and combines with, the sulphuric, nitric, and muriatic acids, Orricrxat. Antimonii Sulphuretum. Lond. Subphuretum Antimonii. Edin. Dub. me Ss. ne agate of Aine al commonly called Crude Anti . "Onbingt specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 71. - Comes in conical loaves; it is then grey its natural impurities ; externally, Sale grey, ee it ah mee oe — in teed oh c in Hun axony, France, uscan i Biadoah sate gary, ‘Ys y, Spain, ~ Quaxittes. Inodorous, insipid, steel colour, stains the fine gers; insoluble in water and alcohol; exposed to aif, joses brilliancy; slightly acted on by vegetable acids hence wine was formerly put into cups made of it, to vir ‘it an emetic quality; with heat, deovmpenis sulph. al ~~ nitr. acids; cold muriatic acid decomposes it. Mepicat Properties anp Uszs. Inactive, if the “aan contain no acid; if that be present, acts with vehemences hence uncertain, and little her a in large doses, nausea and vomi in gout and rheuma> Lael —, and other a2 diseases. Chief use, Anim dient in neem Aevuiding to We Duncan, is ein quack remedy, externally, for cancer, Used in veterinary practice, and mixed with horse’s foot to ape ' the coat. Turkish ladies paint their eyelashes black with it, to soften the lustre of the eye by contrast. (Shaw, — Clntosabchiad, Dr. Badham.) © Speier “prevent vaporization ; mostly a dust, the scoriz, or bee eo Orric. Prev. 1. By trituration. “Sulphuretum antimonit preparatum. E. D. & U. S.. 2. By the action of heat with the phosphate of lime (oxydized.) Pulvis antimonia- iis. L. D.& U.S. Oxidum antimonii cum phosphate cal- | cis. E. 3. By the action of alkalies (oxydized.) Anéi- monii sulphuretum precipitatum. L. E. & U.S. ‘Sulphur 2 antimoniatum fuscum. D. 4. By the action of acids (oxydized.) Antimonti oxydum. L. U.S. Oxydum anti- monit nitro-muriaticum. D. -Antimonium tartarizatum. L. | U.S. Tartaris : antimonii, olim tartarus emeticus. E. Tar- ye No. 59.—-Antivoni1 SuLPHURETUM PRecIPITA- _ ' No. 60 ~ Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 72. “Quvaxrties, Brilliant orange-coloured powder; i Mepicat Prorertizs ann Uses. Diaphoretic, ‘eatharties es ‘Incompatible with it are all acids; and acdulous salts increase TUM. Lv dus &U. os Synonym, Sulphur Antimoniatum Favitum, D. Precipitated Sulphuret of Antimony, taste slightly styptic.,; insoluble in water. — _ emetic, according to the dose ; an uncertain medicine ; combined with mercury, used in cutaneous diseases. its emetic powers—if acid is present in prime viz, unite soap or Magnesia with it. Dose, oiot Greine;iapills-- Sophisticated with chalk ; should 8 é .cids should vapourize with heat, and be of a bright orange % yellow. Sulphur, and sulphuret of mirtiaOey, coloured with Venetian red, is sold for it. Orric. Prev. Pillule hydrargyri submuriatis. L. Formula. JR Extract Aconiti Antimonii Sulphareti, , ne Pracipitati, af Magnesie Carbonatis, ae Rubbed toge- ther into a powder. 60,—ANTIMONIT Viraum. i. Glass of Anti; we mony. * _ Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 73. - ANT—ANT _ A vitrified. oxide of No. 59, combined with some unde: com sulphuret, from which it is prepared—an acrid, _ harsh, uncertain medicine, never now used, except to make ss Orric. Prev. Antimonium Tartarizatum, and Oxydum An- No. 61.—Antrmonitum Tarrarizatum. L. & U.S. . Tartris Antimonii. E. Tartarum Antimoni-— Pure, is soluble in three times its weight of water, at 212° ET} fificen times, at 60°, the diate. n clear, + P rent; ” _ long kept, is decomposed. Pe Ba ote ag oc acids, alkalies and their car- | bonates, most metals, soaps, hydro-sulphurets, and many bitter and astringent vegetable infusions and decoctions— Example—f3j decoct. yellow bark, decomposes }j of tart. emetic, and renders it inert. **The compound of tar- tarized antimony and bark, is said to purge, and constitute — the Bolus Quartanus of the French physicians.” Paris, — Rhubarb is incompatible. Not decomposed by infusions — of wormwood or gentian. Pure alkaline sulphates not incompatible—with excess of acid they are, as alum, bi- sulphate of potass, &c. The emetico-purgative of the French, consisted of the glauber salt and tartar emetic in — solution. Perfectly compatible, and an excellent antifebrile. Sophisticated—M. Sexullas, in Journal Pharmacien for 1821, shows that unless it is carefully crystallized, tart. emetic a contains more or less of arsenic ; should always be pur- chased in crystalline form; a solution in distilled water — ought to furnish a copious gold-coloured precipitate, with — sulphuret of ammonia. ae * Mznicat Prorentixs axp Uses. Solution, best form; eme- tic, cathartic, diaphoretic, according to mode of exhibition: 4 grain is diaphoretic—4 grain opens the bowels and the skin—1 grain will vomit, purge, and sweat; acts as an €X- pectorant, in one-sixteenth and one-twelfth of a grain. The — best, most manageable and most certain of all antimonial — preparations ; an indispensable searching emetic ; enters — ato the Mel scillz compositum, Phar. U. S. called Hive — misono ounce ere one grain. beni » by sprinkling 5 or 1 ins over a Burgundy p! or i Sehunets or as in Gcensite aniinied, e's posal ing irritant. I recommend this strongly to you, for its effi- caciousness in removing ’ i pains of chest, &c, The tart. emetic ointment, rubbed along the spine, is use- c ful in chorea and similar affections. _ oe, - Orric, Parr. Liquor Antimonii Tart. L. Vinum Tartra- tis Antimonii. E. Vinum Antimonii Tartarizati. U.S, Antimonial wine—contain 1 grain to the fZss.. Formula: 3iss or Zij tart. emetic, triturated with 3), makes a: powerful Pustulating irritant.» : No. 62.—A pocynum CannaBinum, : Dog’s- ~ Apocynum ANDROS#MIFOLIUM,§ bane. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 75—figure of the plant, ne ak ee See Inaugural Dissertation of Dr. Knappe, a graduate of | - Jefferson Colleve. = ; A No. 63.—Aaqua. Water; 1. Rain water, Aqua pluvialis. 2. Spring water, com Son- tana. 3. River water, qua ex flumine. 4. Ww. water, Aqua ex puteo. 5. Snow water, Agua ex nive. 6. Lake water, ex lacu. 7. Marsh water, Agua ex palude, — No. 64.—AQua Distirtata. L.E.D.& U.S. Dis- sulphate of ine; sulphate of tone 8 No. 65.—Aqua Marina, Sea water. : Pie One pint contains, lime 2.9; soda 96.3; sulphuric acid 14,4; muriatic acid 97.7; total 226.1 grains. Contains in its forms of combination set down by Murray, muriates of soda, magnesia and lime, and glaub. salt. Mepicat Propentizs any Uszs. A pint is a cathartic. F have innumerable times pesmi it for my sick at sea, and can attest the certainty of its operation; a bath of sea water is important in many diseases. No, 66.—Aqu# Distituata. L.D. Ague Stilla- tie. . Distilled waters. . Sie May t c extemporancously madey by ng sences, iCatlich te are essential oils, alcohol and sugar, or a nesia.) The essen! is triturated with ten timesits t Sa: refi 2. Chalybeate ; 3, Sulphureous ; 4. Saline. ’ spring of Ballston contains, muriate of soda, Law’s "Spring ‘the same, in different —— tempera- ture, 52° FP.

ARALIA Svinosa—(cortex .) #Phar. U. Angelica tree. Indigenous. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 79. oe sg : Ra: 70.—ARCTIUM Larpa—(burdock. ) The le _ and root, used in domestic practice. — see rag we — Coll. No. * Apu: of cag Stor aan No. 71.—Ansutus Uya Unsr. ‘Trailing Arbut or bear-berry. | Ease Ove urst ED. Artut weer fi ves uva u pen tha trailing arbutus. ; _ tus uva ursi "iolin s. x es : “gong 1a Colt No. 82—figure ~ No. 83. * Mrpicat Prorertizs axp Uses. Astringent, paged ised is in Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 84. Qvaurtizs. In small cylinders, pre talline in fracture y bi Mepicat Paorentizs axn Uses. Tonic, anti used in epilepsy and such affections, and in d weak solution for old piles. Dose, one-eighth to one on and poe =a to many grains, ns, according to circumstances. nade in may be given with impunity. Shouid be into pills om we crumb of bread, and some sugar, to thd ting io, Taken to excess, common cae is ite , an escharotic—use well known ; employed when a lange eschar is not wanted. : No. 73.—ARISTOLOCHIA Roruxpa—Radix. eae 38 : ae ARI—ARN | No. 74,.—ArisToLocuta Lonca-—Radix. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 87—figure of the plant, No, 88, ‘ No. 75.—ArisToLocnta SERPENTARIA. Virginia snake-root. Serpentaria——the root. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 89—figure of the plant, No. 90. li ; an aromatic stimulant. See W. P. C. Barton’s- Vegetable Materia Medica, U. S. Vol. IL. No. 76.—Armoracia# Raprx. L. E. Horseradish. : The root. Raphanus Rusticanus. D. Coch- -. learia. ; The root of Cochlearia Armoracia—a tetradynamous plant. Qvatitizs. Taste hot and acrid, as well known, being ; edibley and a condiment; odour pungent. Its virtues de- on an essential oil. Water and alcohol extract its active principles—coction dissipates them. Mepicat Prorentres anv Uses. A stimulant, Used in dropsies, by Sydenham. Recommended by Cullen, for hoarseness depending on relaxation, in form of syrup— given in substance, scraped, or in infusion. Dose—in sub- stance, 3j—in infusion, 3j. Withering recommends the infusion as a safe cosmetic. ag Incompatible with alkaline carbonates, corrosive sublimate, nitrate of silver, infusion of gall, and yellow cinchona bark. _Orric. Pree. Infusum Armoracix comp. L. Spiritus Armo- raciz comp. LD. Infusum Armoruciz. UV. S. ; No. 77.—ARNICA Montana.——Leopard’s bane— The root, plant, and flowers, E. D. & U.S. © A sk. apes plant, found in some of our shops, but rarely < use Fa Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 91—figure of the plant, 2 No, 92, 7 Meprcat Paorrrties any Uses. Errhine, narcotic, diapho- retic; in large doses, emetic and cathartic. Root, aroma- tic tonic. Flowers used in paralysis, amaurosis, gout, _ rheumatism, chlorosis, diarrhoea, dysentery, and convulsive diseases. Its stimulant operation said to prove, in _ latter, injurious. The root is used by French physicians as an excellent tonic, in paralysis. Used in Germany, 45 * Succedaneum for cinchona, for intermittents, putrid fevers and gangrene. May be used in substance or infusion, macerating iss of leaves and flowers, or Dij of the | oy ARG—ARS | 59 root, in f3xij of boiling water, and straining through mus- lin, Ryd acer a nae ‘three or four times a day—of the powdered root, grs. v. to grs. x. No. 78.—ARGEMONE Mexicana. L. Brumadundoo of East India. - Class, Polyandria. Ord. Monogynia. Nat. ord. Linn. Rhe- Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 93—coloured figure of the plant, No. 94. Native of Mexico, Jamaica, the Caribbee Islands, and India. The bitter yellow juice of this thorny plant (culti- vated in ‘most of the : a Uni No. 79.—Arsenicum Arsum. (Acidum Arsenio- = ae eydum Arsenici. E. Arsenict Oxy- _Arsenicum. D. Acidum Arsenio- S. White Arsenic. Arsenious Arsenic. eae ae ficinal name. Cee ® ' Cabinet specimens, Nos. 95, 96, 97, 98. Obtained in Bohemia and Saxony, in roasting the cobalt ores, in making zaffre, and sometimes by sublimation from ar- senical pyrites. The roasting is performed in furnaces with long flues, in which the impure oxyde is condensed. This is purified by sublimation—performed by putting large quantities of impure arsenic into heated cast-iron __ boxes, of a square form, with conical heads luted with Clay. When the oxyde has been sublimed in these heads, _ they are separated, and the oxyde is struck off. The ar- semous acid, thus obtained, is a dense, semi-transparent, - solid cake, which becomes opaque; of a snowy whiteness; _ pulverulent when exposed to the air. Met with in both. ARS—ARS these forms, in the shops ; often sold in powder, a state in which it is adulterated with chalk, &c. The semi-vitreous lumps of arsenic break with a con- choidal fracture, and, reduced to powder, resemble loaf sugar. ; Quvatirres. “Acrid and corrosive taste, but not ina degree _ corresponding to its virulence ; after taste, swectish. In _yapour, inodorous, though said to give out the smell of garlic ; the alliaceous smell is now known to be confined to metallic arsenic in vapour. When arsenious acid seems to yield this odour, it is an evidence of its decomposition. This occurs when heated and projected upon ignited charcoal, or heated in contact with metallic bodies which readily unite with oxygene, as antimony and tin. It is stated by Orfila and other chemists, that when projected on heated copper, the alliaceous odour is evolved. Paris has proved that this only takes place when the copper is heated to a state of ignition, and that if a few grains of — the oxyde be heated by a spirit-lamp gr blow-pipe, upon a cold plate of copper, no alliaceous t is perceptible; the whole of the acid being dissipated before the copper can be sufficiently heated to de-oxydize it. Heated ona plate of zinc, the smell is not evolved until the metal is in fusion. If gold, silver, or platinum, be used with the same process, no smell is given off at any temperature. Paris remarks, that the flame of the spirit-lamp itself’ is capable of decomposing the oxyd, in consequence of the operation of its hydrogen—a fact which is very likely to betray the chemist into the belief, that the oxyd does real- ly give off the odour in question. It has been su . that the arsenical vapours which yield this odour, are not s0 pernicious as those. which are inodorous—a fact, which has been assumed by Paris, to account for the circumstance mentioned by Dr. Percival, that workmen who solder silver-filligree with an arsenical alloy, are never affected by the fumes. Dr, Percival mentions, that the men thus employed enjoy as good health, and live as long, as otheT artists. He mentions having seen a man at the ** Soho, at Birmingham, of more than fifty years of age, who had soldered silver filligree for thirty-five years, and had regu. larly, during that period, passed from eight to ten hours daily in his occupation; yet he was fat, strong, active, cheerful, and of a complexion by no means sickly. Neithet he nor his brother artists used any means to counteract the effect of their trade.” Dr. Rotherham, in his comr ‘upon this fact to Dr. Percival, seems to think, without accounting in any way for the escape of the workmen, that ‘the fumes of this very volatile and caustic mineral may ARS=ARS ' 61 be very prejudicial ;” while Dr. Paris believes, that the fact that arsenious acid is really decomposed when brought in heated contact with an-oxidable metal, is reason suffi- cient to explain why the fumes of the alloy in question are disarmed of their virulence. (Pharma.) Arsenic possesses many of the habitudes of an acid—it combines with pure alkalies to saturation, and hence is now denomi- nated arsenious acid. It may be further acidified by bei distilled with nitrous acid, and the compound which is the result is a white concrete, termed arsenic acid. é ires 400 parts of water at 60°, and only 13 parts at D132 ; and that if was sey of water be belied on it, and suffered to cool, the fluid will hold. three grains in so- lution, and deposite the remainder in tetrahedral crystals —hence the necessity of using boiling water, in every chemical examination of substances supposed to contain arsenic. ‘This substance is soluble in alcohol-and oils, the former taking up 2 percent. With lime-water, it produces a white precipitate of arsenite of lime, which is soluble in an excess of arsenious acid. With magnesia, it forms a very virulent soluble arsenite. (Paris.) On the simple watery solution of the oxyde, no change is produced by a solution of copperas, corrosive sublimate, tartar emetic, the mineral acids, or the alkalies. Nitrate of silver throws down a yellowish precipitate, which gradually passes to a brown colour; a white precipitate is produced by the super-acetate of lead. Lime-water precipitates it white ; ts of the se as yellow; and sulphuretted hy ren gas, a golden colour. Se Sophisticated with chalk, gypsum, and sulphate of ; detected by not being volatilized by heat, or an insoluble residuum being found in preparing Fowler’s solution, Antidote. After all the attempts at discovering one, it appears there is none. The sulphuret of potass, the last lauded antidote, has failed. The best and only antidote is to get “it out of the stomach, if we can, by every means to be pointed out in the section (F) of these lectures. If we cannot do that, why, even so, it is no di e to be foiled by arsenic/—but it is one to dilly-dally with fallacious chemical supposed antidotes—while arsenic is more engaged in its own proper business, when it unluckily gets into the stomach, than we may be with ours, when, called to fight it, F 2 ». we irresolutely and culpably stand pow-wowing with anti- ARS—ARS dotes. 1 have lost two patients, (suicides,) who took rats- bane, (arsenious acid,)—the last, a German redemptioner in the Alms-House. I have nothing on my conscience, as I should have had, if | could have believed in antidotes for this poison. I recovered, in 1823, a whole family, in this city—old Col. Archibald Steele (of the Revolution, ) his daughter and son-in-law (Mr. and Mrs. Palmer, ) and their child, who had been poisoned by arsenic, murderously mixed with a chicken-pye—by ipecacuanha in enormous doses, and incredible quantities of warm water. They were all in imminent jeopardy, particularly the child, whom I ‘thought dying, for an hour. The supposed antidotes were hard by, in an apothecary’s shop ; but I preferred the plan just mentioned, and perseverance in it, by puking the pa- _ tients as long as I dared to do, even to alarming prostra- _ tion—and producing reaction by wet stimulating frictions. These facts are me’ d, to impress on your minds the inefficacy of any nmon-sense practice, in poi- soning from arsenic, I think antidotes would have killed Mepicat Prorertizs ann Uses. Arsenic, under various forms, has been employed from a very early period. Strictly speaking, it is an Oriental medicine, having been in vogue immemorially in India, and indeed all over the East, as a most powerful alterant, It was probably intro- duced into European practice, by the medical students, under the brilliant Caliphate of Bagdad; and seems to have been first appropriated to the cure of intermittents, by the Jewish physicians of Poland. Used, in the time of Sir George Baker, with opium, in intermittents. The influence of his writings, and those of French physicians, was exterminated from physicians’ bottles. Yet, under the French Directory, a preparation, similar to Fowler’s solution, formed a part of the political: constitution of the day; and by an edict, the surgeons be Army of oe ee rans Sages to cure the soldiery, _ agues caught in the marshes of Lombardy, by this re-_ medy, under pain of military punishment. ees one ever heard of any dogmatism, equal in absurd exercise of authority to this—saye, indeed, something like it in the opinion of Sir James M’Gregor, Director General of the medical staff of the British army, who has asserted, that © every surgeon, or other medical officer of the army, ought to be compelled, by an edict of the Lords Commissioners, to believe in contagion!!! In its reguline state, arsenic is imert, or nearly so, on the system—oxygenized only, it is ARS—ARS ee deleterious. Pure arsenic, or the regulus, is therefore never medically employed, = _In the East Indies, arsenic is used by the native physi- cians, to cure what they call Persian fire (confirmed lues;) and a species of elephantiasis, called by them judham, and also to cure the bite of the cobra de or hooded miei They unite it with six parts of b. pepper, into pills. : Arsenic is a medicine of great efficacy and power, and is extensively employed by practitioners all over the world. Itis tonic and febrifuge ; has been long used in dropsy, syphilis, intermittent and remittent fever, period- — its origin to an arthritic diathesis. that arsenic will be found a medicine well suited to certain cases of this head-ache.” Lecture on Arsenic = C man says,* **I have long known its utility in removing the series of affections, as nodes, cutaneous blotches, Br of the throat, rheumatic pains, which, though usually ascribed to a venereal taint, are nearly always of mercurial origin.” And in a note : ** My use of the medicine in these cases, for the credit of having prescribed it originally, I believe due to myself, has been more extensive since the first edition of this work, and in part with a confirmation of its utility.” : Now, I deny Dr. Chapman this “credit of having pre- * Therapeutics, Vol. Il. p. 478. ARS—ARS sited it originally” in these affections, without ceremo- ny ; but still, with regret that he should have been so reckless as to claim a merit, to which he could not, with the faintest semblance of nye justify an hare Is it not extraordinary, that of this original practice, pa fe one solitary word jin his first edition, thou he ‘shad long known its - the native physicians, to cure confirmed lues. And ality of practice with arsenic, when he should found e that claim upon a point established as a regular Asiatic that school, he must have attended two courses of the Doc- tor’slectures. Dr. Barton says, ‘*I have had under my care a most violent and obstinate case of rheumatism, which seemed to owe its origin to syphilis, but which mercurials would not cure, which yielded in a short time completely to the use of arsenic.” Again: ‘*We sometimes meet with venereal cases, to the entire cure of which mercury seems unequal. Such are some of the say ae le and — distressing ulcers, which sometimes remain atter the open- ng of venereal buboes ; in these cases, arsenic will often more good any othe r medicine. I mean, arsenic given i either in the shape of pills, or Fowler’s solution e same time, it may be necessary, in some eases, to wash the surface of the ulcer by means of a weak solution of arsenic. For we have not yct discovered the medicine, which more disposes sores of different kinds to - form a good pus, than arsenic. 1 might, with some pro- iety, dwell still further on the employment of arsenic, — ie eatevent cases. Such as chronic venereal blotches of the skin, the leprous-like affections of the skin, originating from syphilis, and the like. But I shall conclude, here, a Arsenious acid and hemlock constitute Davidson's rege 4 for Cancer. Sulphuret of arsenic (orpiment) with lard of spermaccti ointment, is Singleton’s By or andthe. v.44. Arscnical Solution. _Arsenici oxydum fe eo 5 | ART No. = gehen ae inken date tree. _ The betel-nut tree ferior kinds of bis ay call- ed Cuttacamboo fice, in India. The first is brought in. fir ea pen li of a light brown - colour, sligh rfully astringent. This substance hi > pao Seed with ries real Catechu of the Catechu. The better sort of na- r betel leaves. The Casheuttie is of a brown black colour, nee much less the according to Whitelaw ‘ima by the eral spoon of Balsam of Peru. re No. 81—Anrow Roor. The adelhive fecula of Maranta Arundinacea, which see! It is also prepared from potatoes: see Solanum tuberosum, No. Coa wed Cl. 19. Ord. 2. super f ‘Micnaniied Linn. agg tea — Cal. imbricate, wih w2Sck eases scales. Cor. with- out rays. Six species— 1. Ariemesia Abrotanum. Southernwood. 2. Artemesia Santonica. Tartarian Southernwood. 3. Artemesia Maritima. Sea wormwood. 4. Artemesia Absinihium. Common wormwood. lie Woolly wormwood. Orricixat. Abrotanum ; Folia Dub. Southernwood leaves. : small perennial shrub, native of south of Europe, Siberia, China, and Cochin-China. s. Stron fragrant odour ; nauseous bitter taste— ¥ iisiael extract its virtues. ART—ART 67 MepiIcaL PROPERTIES AND Usrs. Tonie diaphoretic—re- puted vermifuge; exte: asa fomentation for inflam- mations, pains, tumours, ad gangrenous ulcers. Rarely used, se pea se in domestic practice. Dose of leaves, Dj to 3}, of an infusion made with 2 3yj of the leaves, fZx water —a cupful twice a day. > : No. 84.—ARTEMESIA SANTONICA. OFFICINAL. Artemesiz Santonice Cacumina. Edin, Sanio- nicum; cacumina. Dub. The tops of Tartarian Southern- wood. ae No. 1 2 "te > tay ‘Tatary and Rersin——dame properties as No. 83; yields worm-seed of older pharmacopeias, (semina santo- <> — Jeff. Coll. No. 101—figure of the plant, No, PIS: aera Marita. Orricinat., Absinthium Maritimum ; cacumina. Dub. The | tops of sea wormwood., Indigenous to England. Slightly fragrant ; taste bitter, and slightly aromatic. The properties same as No. 86, but weaker, No. 86.—ARrTEMESIA ABSINTHIUM. Orricixat. dbsinthium. Lond. Artemesie Absinthii Folia et. Summitates. Edin. Absinihium Vi ; foliu, cacumi- na. The leaves and flowering tops o wormwood. Cabinet Fs siege: Jeff. Coll. No. 103—figure of the plant, _ No. 1 Native - Enghaiit, and other countries of Emote’ exten- sively cultivated in this country, in gardens. Quatitrss. Taste intensely Wee Be a the chee, bitter as gall and wormwood ;) od. trong, sub-fragrant, peculiar, and disgusting. Water pe hol take up its properties, Menicat. Preperties AND ‘ants Tonic, anti-spasmodic, anthelmintic ; extremely discutient 5 possesses a ‘operty, which coction dissipates. Dose, in substance, ey to Bij; and of the infusion made by macerating 3vj in F2xij of water, f3j to 45x), three or four times a day. ~~ No. 87.—ARTEMESIA SINENSIS, Native of ArTreMEsta LANUGINOSA, China. _ The down of the leaves, formed into small cl ne Moxa, imported from China. See Moza. ~ ARU—ARU _ All of the species of Artemesia owe their virtue toa resin - and.an essential oil. No. 86 is the only important one, and it ought not to have been omitted in the Phar. U. S. |. There are other species, called herbs, used in domestic t practice—as Artemesia Vi is, (Mugwort,) the tops of which are used in local for suppressed catamenia—_ mixed with rice and sugar, the Chinese women use then * as a pessary. Artemesia Pontica, (Absinthium Romanum,) is the true Roman wormwood. _ No. 85 is called common — Roman wormwood. .frtemesia Rupestris is rm wood. The ng Artemesia Tarragon, asa stimulating potherb, heavy, stimulating, mucilaginous sou is a natural assemblage, and allied in j * No. 88.—Arum Macvarux. Ww ake-Robin. Pint. Arum, The root, Yields ee Quarries. Root saponaceous, acrid, amylace acridity of this plant is possessed, in commo the Zroidez ; and from its saponaceous quality, it has been used in washing, instead of soap ; the acridity of it, how- ever, unless carefully washed away, chops the hands of the laundresses. When thoroughly washed from the root, and a similar process pursued as in making starch, it yields a fine amylum. This is made into 4 sago by the _ inhabitants of Portland Island, where it is abundant. I suspect that some of the varicties of sago, in our shops, are obtained thence. Mepicat Proverties anv Usxs. Stimulant diaphoretic ; _grs.x to 3j of the fresh root, made into an emulsion with ) Arabic and eee a ‘taken three or four times a day, has beeir useful in obstinate rheumatisms. Its conge- ner, No. 89, is an indigenous plant, worth attention, being nearly allied to this. The Indians use the leaves of an- other congener, drum dracontium, in cases of dropsy, ¢0- -vering their patients with the leayes, which vesicate. nas Vee TripHy_tum. Radix. Phar. U. S. ‘Indian turnip; called also, Dragon-root. ee a oe ©abinet apeanety: Jeff. col - 307 —igure ae: the plant, No. 1 Indigenous ; rootacrid, deniers si used boiled in milk, to relieve oppression in Qisioenidiks ‘be use- ful; is a common domestic remedy; the acridity of the root. __ renders it powerfully rubifacient, applied bruised to the — skin. By maceration and frequent ablution, : a sat _ cule ésibies arrow-root. af ; obi: 8 na , bitte “ - aan, , ntly purgative and emetic; impaired by keeping; _ # ina peculiar acrid principle, not well understood. ; "Yafusion i im water takes up the properties ; coction dissi- pates them. MEDICAL Prorentizs anp Uses,» Errhine,. Cullen saYs, the best; grs. ijj to v, snuffed up the nose every night, till the effect is produced. eine Prev. Pulvis Asari compositus. BE. D. —Asarum Canapensre. Radix. The root of _.. Canada snake-root, or ld i. ginger. Phar. Sts oo Ae Be Alcohol and water extract its virtues. © An indigenous aromatic congener of No. 90. For , —- see a r. es Fasten a Veg Mat. Dose, 38s of the oeeninad by f3xij of boiling water, with 2 used as Virginia snake-root is. No. EE ONE Milk-weed; silk w _ Pentandria Digynia, Linv. Contorle, Juss. — ea ‘Three | species, indigenous— ne Ly Aselepias inearnata. Flesh-coloured Asc _— Cabinet s specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 111— No, 12 2. Asclepias Syriaca. Common silk-weed; ul ~ roots. wer ee cS psec Xo wtf of the pint, VOL. Il. e RONEN ae ASP—ASP. ai 3. Asclepias tuberosa. Butterfly-weed ; pleurisy-root ; wind- root. The root. Phar. U. 8. _ Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 115—figure of the plant, No. 116. For Nos. 1 and 2, see Dr. Ansel W. Ives’ edition of Paris’s P ia, under those names. For No. 3, see W.P. a. C. Barton’s Veg. Mat. Med. U. 8. Vol. II. A diaphoretic ; used in pleurisy. Dose of powered root, 3j to 3ss—of the decoction, pre by boiling 3ss of the bruised root in 0j of water, f3j every second hour, till it sweats, or till it nauseates. Asclepias vomitoria. ( Kanig.) Coorinja or Cocrinja. Asclepias asmatica. (Willdenow. ) Marsdenia vomitoria. Moon, Ceylon plants, p. 21. A thick twisted root, of a pale colour, and bitterish, some- what nauseous taste ; found in the Indian bazaars. The Vitians prize it for its e t and diaphoretic proper- ties. It is prescribed for children, to produce vomiting, who are oppressed with phlegm. Infusion used to extent of half'a tea-cupful. Possesses virtues similar to ipecacu- an, and hence been found a useful medicine, in India, in dysenteric diseases, both by the native and European practitioners. Stem shrubby, twisting, villose; leaves opposite ; petiotale, cordate-ovate, smooth above, but be- _ neath covered with short white hairs. eee It is remarked by Dr. Ainslie, in his Materia Indica, that the medicinal virtues of this root resemble those of the Asclepias tuberosa, or pleurisy-root; and it is chiefly no- ticed here, to lead to the investigation of our native spe- cies of Asclepias, all of which I believe to be active and medicinal. _ The Aselepias Curassavien, which is a native of Jamaica, is called (in flower) blood-flower, from its reputed efficacy in stopping bloody flux, and other bleedings. A decoc- tion of it is also said to be efficacious in gleets and fluor albus. Barham and Lunan commend it. The plant is. cultivated in our ‘n-houses, and its flowers resemble those of the jas decumbens. It is not improbable that the name of the Jamaica plant has led to that of the: species just mentioned, which is called flux-root. Its other name, pleurisy-root, indicates a coincidence of name with the properties of the Asclepias vomitoria of India, above noticed. * No, 93.—-Aspipium, Felix mas. Male fern. Orricirnat. Felicis Hadix. Lond. idii_felicis Maris Palit, Edin. Feliz mas; Hadi Dub Rost of the male ASS—ATR on Cabinet a Jeff. Coll. No. 117—figure of the plant, No. 118. Astringent tonic ; a reputed remedy for tape-worm ; always prescribed with a cathartic, to which its anthelmintic pow- ers are doubly owing. Was Madame Noufer’s remedy, purchased from her by the French ~tt 1 dear for the whistle. Rarely to be met with in this coun- try—the cabinet specimens are from Switzerland. No. 94.—Assar@aria. A fetid gum. See Ferula Assafeetida. ‘No. 95.—ASTRAGALUS TRAGACANTHA, Orricixat. T'ragacanth. Lond. Astragali Tragacan Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No, 119. CA ae A Persian shrub, yielding the Gum Tragacanth, which may pes be used as a local demulcent, like Acacie gum; chiefly — employed, from its tenacity, in pharmaceutical prepara- tions ; it is used by apothecaries, to paste labels on their bottles, &c. The shoemakers call it gum dragon, and use it in pasting the inner to the outer soles of shoes and boots, 2 Se No. 96.—ATROPINE. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 120. The alkaline or salifiable base of tropa disco- vered by Brandes. He boiled 2tb6 dried leaves of the plant, in water q. s.—pressed decoction, and reboiled in water. The two decoctions were mixed, and sulphuric id added to precipitate albumen and similar bodies ; fil- tered and ted the decoction with potass. The — precipitate ined, when was in pure water and dri- ed, —e 89 grs. in . all crystals ; solution of them in — acids, and precipitation by jelded pure atropine. In Virey’s edition of Gmelin, is anotlier | Ssaminks cages the decoction with magnesia, boiling the precipitate oy cohol, and filtering. On cooling, atropine crystallizes in needles, or translucent and shining prisms, without colour, Qvazitres. White ; nearly insoluble in water—more soluble in hot than cold alcohol—insoluble in ether and oils, Forms crystallizable neutral salts with acids. Very dele- terious ; its vapour occasions vertigo, head-ache, pains in back. Vapour of solutions of its nitrate phosphate or sul- phate, applied to the eye, dilates the pupil; more conspi- cuous and continued, if atropine be tasted. It also in thi way produces vertigo, cerebral pains, shaking of the limbs, flushings, with alternations of sensation of cold and heat, dyspnea, and reduced arterial excitement. * ATR—ATR deleterious principle of Belladonna, may be used in such diseases as that herb and its extract are used for ; also in ilating the pupil for surgical operations. The dose must y minute—perhaps from the 32d to the 16th part of Arnopa BrnLaponna. Deadly nightshade. < d.1. Pentandria Monogynia. Nat. ord. Luride, Bg Suis. : cl. r, aped. | Stam. distant. Berry, globular, 2-celled. ~ donne folia. Edin. Deadly nightshade leaves. tropa Belladonna, Folia. Deadly nightshade, the leaves. U. S. a nto Sern Jeff. Coll. No. 121—figure of the plant, tive of Britain, Switzerland, Austria, and Italy; frec uent- ; shady places, in. ‘ areous soils; flowering in June, Rinber. = and ripening its b _ of Antony. : Buchanan relates, that ‘the Scots mixed a quantity of © the juice of Belladonna (solaaum souniferum) with the __. bread and drink, witich by their truce they were to su pr’ ¥ cat Pnorentins axp Uses. Being the concentrated ATR—ATR | i 73 _ the Danes with, which so intoxicated them, that the Scots” killed the greatest part of Sweno’s army.”” What rascals!!! I do not think it is the root of this plant, which is alluded to by Shakspeare, when he says, in Macbeth— _ Or have we eaten of the insane root, — That takes the reason prisoner ?” First, because the maddening property ascribed, and just- ly, to the berries and leaves of Belladonna, have not fon proved to pertain to the root ; and secondly, because there is nothing esculent or savoury in the taste of Belladonna root—while several roots of umbelliferous plants are at once sweet and deliciously aromatic, and affect the brain with intoxication. 2 Post mortem examinations, after death induced by Bella- donna, have shown the stomach and intestines to have been inflamed. The body swells after death, and h “te rhage ensues from the mouth, nose, and ears; decompesition takes place. teeter 1 For relieving the system from this poison, T refer 3 to the lectures on Toxicology. The name Belladonna ginated in the circumstance of the Italian women using juice of the berries as a cosmetic. 4 MepicaL Prorertres axp Uses. Narcotic, sedative, dia- phoretic, diuretic; externally applied, discutient and as- - suaging ; dilates the pupil of the eye, preparatory to the ‘operation for cataract, when applied by dropping the in- fusion into the eye. Theden, surgeon-general of the Prus- sian armies, recommends it internally, from experience, in _ dropsies: he used the leaves, and found them to allay the: nervous irritability preceding dropsy. Drs. Buckhave, — _ Borden, Hufeland, Scheffer, Marc, Weltzer, and Alibert, used Belladonna in whaeping cough, with the effect of i ebay tressing paroxysms. Has been: 1 epilepsy, by Miini and Greedng: Cullen cured cancer o “the tipowith and some cases of scirrhous and cancerous affection. Ali- bert and Mucker speak well of it, in scirrhous disease < the intestines and stomach. Others have found it preju- dicial. Mr. Q. Bailey found it efficacious in tie doloreur, Has been used in, and recommended for, hydrophobia, by the German physicians. I should doubt its efficacy here ; for it produces one of the most distressing symptoms of that malady—thirst; together with constriction of the pha- rynx. It has been commended by Bailey and Burdach, in melancholy, mania, and hysteria. Hufeland says, it allays convulsions from scrofulous irritation. It has been used in gout, chronic rheumatism, paralysis, and amauro- sis. Dr. Reimatus, of Hamburg, discovered that if the di- luted extract be dropped im the eye, the pupil becomes __ G2 | shortening the course of the > ATR—AUR dilated and fixed. Mr. Wainwright and Mr, Paget, sur- gives no pain. The latter thinks it well adapted to ma examination of the state of the lens and capsule, previous to determining on the operation. i a _ The leaves furnish the best form of exhibition. Dr. Paris observes, “the recent leaves, powdered, and made into an ointment with an equal weight of lard, rubbed over the penis, prevents priapism, and relieves chordee more effectually than any application which has been proposed.” Externally, the leaves make a good assuaging poultice. _ Much of the extract found in the shops is carelessly pre- pared, and inactive : the latter can only arise from inatten- _ tion in obtaining it, because the proximate principle, Atro- _ pine, is deleterious. Generally, it will be found best to _ use the leaves. - The student should guard himself against mistakes, with woody nightshade, and black nightshade, (solunum pe aes ip solanum nigrum.) Though all narcotic “3 plants, Belladonna is infinitely more active than either of | the other nightshades, and indeed, than most other narco- tic vegetables. J Dose, in substance, 1 grain, gradually increased to 12 or 14 grains—of the infusion, made with }j of dried leaves and {ex of boiling water, fZij daily, oa increased with ircu ection. _ _ & little of the infusion, dropped into the eye, dilates the pupil. Adams, in his ‘Practical Observations on Ectropium, &c.” says, its operation seems to be confined to the radiated fibres of the iris. By continued use, it loses its effect; but desisted from fora time, again pro- _ duces this dilatation. Orric. Pner. Extract. Belladonne. L. & U. 8. Succus Formula. KR Pulveris Belladonnz foliarum, gr. i Ast om Potasse Mitratis, gr. x si Sacchari, gr. x Made into a powder, to be taken every night at bed-time, for chronic rheumatism, extensive ulcerations, mania, No. 98.—Avranrit Cortex er Bacem. The fruit and outer rind of the fruit of the orange “nc tree.. Citrus 4urantium, which see. _ No. '9-—Aurum. Gold. Phar. U.S. “This stands, in the above work, in the first list. At one time ~ geons, confirmed this fact, and availed themselves OF Ms 25 ae preparatory to cperations on the eye. The a peor wed <3 PP Ae | vs, e | -. AVE—AVE — $e ‘in Europe, (owing to Dr. Chrestein’s publication in 1811,)_ and within fourteen years in this country, it was esteemed _ anti-syphilitic : cases of syphilis are reported to have been eek. in the New-York Hospital, by this remedy. Dr. I. C. Niel, a French physician, says, the aurific prepara- tions are efficacious in scald-head, elephantiasis, and scro- fula : he says, they sometimes salivate. Drs. Hosack and Francis observed secondary symptoms to occur, in the oases of cure of syphilis, made in the New-York Hospita by muriate of gold. On the whole view of what has bee: said in favour of gold, I am not inclined to attach great . importance to it as a remedy. It is well enough, in its proper place, and for its proper oses, for which it is much more useful than as a medicine. Plenty of it would doubtless cure many diseases of mind and body! — Preparations used are—1. Metallic. in minate divi- sion. 2. The oxyde, precipitated - - ae he oxyde, precipitated by tin. 4. The triple muriate of gold — and soda. The muriates the most active. Dose, everso | little—few patients can afford to pay for much ; and it is, questionless, ill suited to poor practice, Gold-leaf was formerly used to cover pills, that their nauseous taste and odour might not be perceived. Pills, thus sheathed, may be rendered insoluble, and pass off by stool—now entirely disused; and the “ gilded pull” is only met with in the song of the poet. No. 100.—Avena Sativa. Common oat. Orricinat. Avena farina. Oat-meal. Phar. U. S. y ie Semina. Lond. Edin. The seeds of the oat called grits, Cabinet specimen, Jeff. CoH. No. 123. : I prefer the U. S. officinal term, it being the only pro one to designate the article used as a restorative Fai In this country, we never use grits, which term is applied to the oat freed from its epidermis. I discard the view of . this article as a medicine, and class it in section (F) of this course. Asa nutritive substance, it is perhaps ited. It is liable to produce acidity, and distressing colics, with tying-in women, when made a constant diet : wine added to it only increases its acescency; and I think, when wine can be proper for parturient women, they had much better discard oat-meal gruel, and eat animal soups. I have, however, known many who could bear it, and w fat upon it—still, I deem it, in general, a less fit diet for such, than some of the amylaceous fecule. Immemorial usage, however, has given it a place in the parturient chamber, and there it sticks as long as the nurse does. As I have scarcely been able to drive it out of my own house, so ¥ despair, by these remarks, to send it from the sick cham- Pe aS AZE—BAR bers of other houses. Yet they may frre tie to sdtie to watch its effects closely, and whe it produces | burn, to interdict it. 1 have used it much with seamen and soldiers, and their iron-bound stomachs resist its aces-_ cency—delicate and dyspeptic women have no such safe- ard. When used, it ought to smell gratefully—it i isapt o be musty, which i increases the inec renience mentioned. - ag Cortex. Phar. The bark of the Pride of China. a Azedarach, which see. ye ee den No. > 401—Azepanacr. Aze B. No. 102.—Benzoinum. Benzoin. Commonly, Gum Benzoin and Benjamin. The balsamic pro- yrax Benzoin, which see. ic Actp. The flowers of Benzoin; sublimed from the balsam. See as above. No. 104.—BisTorr# Raprx. Bistort. The root of Polygonum Bistorta, which see. y No. 105.—Batsamum Pervuvianum. Balsam of . Peru, the Se ge of os te Pecos rum, which No. pi ee Maries. Male of lu, the product bas Telus ifera a ur which sew .__ i No. 107—Baryra. ies Found only i in combination with carbonic acid; carbonate of Barytes, or Witherite ; and with sulphuric atid, et s of Barytes, Heavy Spar. ‘No. 108 —Banvra : ARBONAS:™ I seheiaes of Bae tes of d € different Colleges. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No, 124, _ Inodorous, iusipid, poisonous—only used for preparing the : ‘Muriate, S ma : 2 moe _ BAR—BDE ‘Sar 09.—Baryrsz Sutpaas. Sulphate of Barytes of the Colleges. eae rae : Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 125: ° Used only as a substitute for No. 108, in p Mate, when the other cannot be had. -110.—Baryrz Murtias. Muriate of Barytes of the Colleges. Prepared from the above. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 126. Quvauities. A heavy bitter salt, of a saline, pungent taste. Mepicat Prorerties and Usxs. Occasionally, it gripes, | and produces anxiety and nausea, when first taken, espe- _ cially if worms infest the body. Slightly opens the bow- els; does not affect the pulse—Hufeland it makes it / slower. Diuretic sometimes, and diaphoretic oftener. Has been used by. Dr. Crawford, of England, in scrofulous cases, with success. Pearsop, Clark, Hamilton, Fourcroy, Goerling, I. A. Schmidt, Peterman, and Hu \d, confirm his recommendation of the remedy. Others have con- Dose of the solution of 3j in f3j a water, is fro: o 15 drops every three hours. IT have given 100 drops in twenty-four hours, for several days in succession, witho i jinconvenience—unless slight nausea, and some purging, may be called so. The dose’ should be gradually increased from 10 drops upward—I see no reason why it might not much exceed the quantity I have given. No. 111.—BpeLiium. Gum resin. Semi-pellucid ; of a yellowistabrown or dark brown colour, according to its age; unctuous @ the touch, but brittle; soon, however, softening between the fingers ; in appear- ance, it is not unlike myrrh; of a bitterish taste, and 78 BIS—BIT ae moderately strong smell ; splutters a little in burning, but does not explode, as Herman Valentine reports. Used by Tamool doctors, in India, as a purifier of the blood in de-— praved habits, and externally in foul ulcers, and in dis- cussing tumours of the joints. In Europe, is considered as diaphoretic, diuretic, cathartic, pectoral. Dose, from Bj to 3}. The tree which yields Bdellium is not certainly known —is supposed to be Chamzrops pumilis, a dwarf fan-palm. Others say, it is obtained from a species of Amyris; others, from the Bivaes belliformis. It is one of the substances thrown into the fire, by the Hindoos, at their trial by or- deal—Ainslie; also, Asiatic Researches. No. 112.—Bismutuum. L. & U.S. Bismuth. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 127. A metal used for preparing the No. 113.—Bismurui Sus-nirras. L. & U.S. Sub- nitrate of Bismuth: formerly called Oxyde of Bismuth, and Magistery of Bismuth. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 128. Quatirres. A pure white, inodorous, insipid powder; solu- ble in strong acids, from which water readily precipitates it—therefore insoluble in that fluid, and in very diluted acids; soluble in ammonia, which precipitates it from the nitrate; sparingly soluble in potass and seda._ It is hlack- ened by sulphuretted hydrogen gas, its solution in water, and all the hydro-sulphurets. Mixed with charcoal, and highly heated, is decomposed, and metallic bismuth rege- ~ nerated. Meprcar Properties axp Uses. Antispasmodic and tonic ; used in gastrodynia, dyspepsia, spasms of the stomach, hysteric colics, palpitations of the heart, ney a Mr. A. ‘t. Thompson combines it with extract of » and Hufeland with cajeput oil and extract of henbane. An old remedy, revived by Odier of Geneva, and Dela Roche of Paris, followed by Marcet, Bardsley, Clark, in om peo Belden, Reil, Hufcland, Krysig, of Germany ; and Hosack and Dr. Samuel Moore, of the United States¢ chiefly as a remedy for gastrodynia and cardialgia. Dose, from 1 to 12 or 15 grains, two or three times a day. Odier gave it, a quarter of an hour before eating, in 12 grain doses. In.an excessive over-dose, isa poison. aN 0. 114,.—Brrunte. : A term comprehending various mincral inflammable sub- vile BOL—BON 79 _ substances, somewhat resembling oily and resinous bodies. _ The one used in medicine is the ®rricryat. Petroleum. Lond. Bitumen Petroleum. Edin. Petroleum Barbadense. Dub. Petroleum. Barbadoes Tar: commonly called Naphtha. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 129. Quarries. A pale yellowish thin fluid; light, transparent, odoriferous ; unctuous to the touch, volatile, and very in- flammable. Menicat Prorertres anp Uses, Stimulating, antispasmo- dic, and sudorific; given in asthma, and coughs without inflammation. Chiefly used as a stimulant, in disease of hip joint, in rheumatic and other chronic pains, chilblains, porrigo, and to paralytic limbs, applied by friction. Dr. Flemming speaks favourably of it, internally administered, in the chronic rheumatism of the West Indies—he used the Burman Petroleum. Rarely used in U. S. Dose, from mx to fZss, in any convenient vehicle. No. 115.—Bo.etus Icnarius. Agaric of the oak. Orricrvat. Boletus Ignarius. Agaricus. Edin. Agaric. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 130. _ A fungus, found in Europe, growing on the decayed trunks of the ash and oak—that of the latter is said to be most valuable. Quaxitizs, Prepared Agaric is inodorous; taste slightly astringent. Bouillon la Grange found it to contain resin, extractive, something similar to animal gelatine, and dif- ferent salts. ; é Meprcat Prorerties anp Usxs. A celebrated styptic, ap- plied to bleeding blood-vessels ; introduced, in 1750, by Brosard, a French surgeon, and for some years generally used—not now used. areas No. i116.—BonpLanpia TriFoLtaTa. Three-leaved Bonplandia. Synonym—Cusparia febrifuga of Humboldt, and adopted = ae the London College. Willdenow named the tree as above, in honour of Baron Humboldt. _ : Cl. 5. Ord. 1. Pentandria Monogynia. Nat. ord. Quassizx, - Juss, - : Cal. monophylous, campanulate, 5-toothed. Cor. 5-petalled, cohering at the base—funnel form. Orricinat. Cuspariz Cortex. Lond. ndize Tri foliate Cortex. Edin. & U. 8S. Goueeis Creo Cus- ~ paria Bark, Bonplandia Bark, or Angustura Bark, ee etiole, from 10 to 12 inches long. Inflorescence minal raceme, composed of alternate peduncles, bear- ing from 3 to 6 flowers each. Calysx inferior, persistent, 5-toothed, and tomentose ; corolla funnel-shaped, 5-petal- _ led, united’ below, so as to appear a funnel-shaped tube. — Nectary, 5 glandular bodies. Stamens shorter than the 1 Bist oval hairy _a single style rises, suppc iN ruit; Seoral bivalve 4 seed. eo ee =S Be: in 1778, some parcels of Angustura bark were imported i e from Dominica. At that time, the tree which was not known, but was supposed to be a native f Africa. It was subsequently imported from Havana and Cadiz; but not until Humboldt and Bonpland travelled into South America, were the real site and nature of the tree ascertained. — It comes in flat pieces, of different lengths; _ some nearly fiat, others rolled into partial quills of differ- ent Seepecked in cases. The pieces are covered wiih a thin, whitish, wrinkled epidermis; the inner surface smooth, of a ferruginous-yellow hue; breaks short, with a resinous fracture ; is easily pulverized. The powder, when triturated with lime or magnesia, yields the smell of ammonia. ce ras ee Quaxirits.. Odour not strong, but: slightly aromatic, permanent; eont 7 extractive, carbonate of ammonia, and essent! ‘The active matter is taken up by cold and hot water, and is not injured by long coction; but the addition of aleohol pre- _ cipitates part of the extractive. Its bitter and aroma are soluble in alcohol. Preof-spirit is its best menstruum. ‘The — alcoholic tincture redd +» milky when water is added. The aqueous infusion preci- ea _ pitates the infusion of galls and of yellow cinchona, but tonic; does — PERTIES Us ic te : h to it; expels. ess the stomach, ‘ns litmus ‘paper, and becomes - BOS—BOS: | 81 __- flatus, opens the bowels, and provokes the appetite. Effi- cacious in bilious diarrhoea and dysentery, after cleansing the primz vie ; useful in dyspepsia, leucorrheea, hysteria, and indeed in all atonic affections indicating the necessity of aromatic tonics. Alibert tried it in the St. Louis hospi- tal, in intermittents, but found it not to answer. Brandes found it efficacious in these fevers. I have used the Cus- - paria for many years past; and in the fever which prevail- here in 1823-4, with the greatest and most unequivocal advantage : I cured numerous cases with it entirely, after a mercurial purge and an emetic. It may be exhibited _in infusion, decoction, tincture, extract, or in substance— in either case, the union of cinnamon or ginger disguises — its nauseous taste: it may also be combined with neutral ee salts, or magnesia, a 3 at ___ Dose, of the powdered bark, grs. x to 5j—more than _ this pukes, or creates nausea. Of the infusion or decoc- tion, f3j to fZij—beyond the latter, it also nauseates. Of the aqueous extract, grs. x. cr aor a ath E 5 cer Adulterated with No. 118, which is an energetic poison. This is an important fact to be recollected, because in -commerce the poisonous bark is called sometimes Fine Iingustura, more commonly False Angus which names should be discarded, and th: substituted, by which no confounding one with the other could occur. eS ee Rica No, 117.—Boswetiia Serrata. (Roxburg. Asi- atic Researches, 8vo. vol. ix. p.377.) C1. 10. Ord. 1. Decandria Monogynia, Linn. re3 Gen. char. Cal. beneath, 5-toothed. Cor. 5-potalled. _ germ, with stamens inserted on its outside. € 5-valved, 3-celled. Seeds solitary, membranous, winged. ~ OFFICINAL. Olibanum. Lond. Juniperi Lyciz gummi resi- nz. Edin. Olibanum; gummi resina. Dub. Olibanum. In India, called Salaz. _ Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 133, _A large tree, native of the mountains of India; yields the _ Olibanum or Frankincense of commerce, which is import- _ ed from the Levant; but this is not so much esteemed as the Olibanum from Arabia. _ ee Quaxities. A translucent whitish-yellow brittle substance, generally covered with a whitish powder, from the attri- tion of the pieges with each other; when burnt, gives out a very frggrant and delicious odour ; taste acrid, bitterish, slightly aromatic; affords a volatile oll, = = BRU—BRU pIcaL Prorenties anp Uses. Stimulant, diaphoretic. Formerly, much used in affections of the chest—now, only to give a fragrant smell to sick rooms, by burning it in - them; and as incense, in Greek and Roman chapels. I am of opinion, that we have discarded this article without reason : its delicious ce, and its balsamic pro- iced me to prescribe it as an inhalation, sis and angina; and its good effects have been so manifest, that I recommend it as an expectorant, in this form of exhibition, particularly well suited to the strictures of the chest and dyspnea attending inflamed tubercles, in scrofulo-phthisical subjects, For this reason, I have particularly noticed it. No. 118—Brucea AntIpysenrerica. (Bruce.) Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 134. Brucea Ferruginea. (L’Heretier.) date in ca a where it is indigenous. ngustura pseudo- inea. ( Orfila’s Toxicol.) rare eng ear | Dioicia Tetrandria. Nat. fam. (Juss.) Quassia. False Angustura—Fine Angustura. A middling-sized shrub, branches few, alternate, patulous, _ round and thick.; leaves alternate, spreading, unequally pinnate ; flowers crowded together, colour herbaceous, tinged with red or russet ; root valuable in dysentery; is a simple bitter, without aroma or resinous taste, leaving in the throat a roughness resembling that from ipecacuanha, This species yields Brucia, which see. The bark of this tree is met with in commerce, and has been called by druggists fine Angustura and false Angustura. It comes in pieces rolled up, of a yellowish- ey colour inside—some of them have the epidermis affected with scattered whitish excrescences; others covered with a brown pulverulent substance, resembling the rust of iron; other pieces are more or less polished, sometimes rugose, — and maculated with coloured spots—these are generally | _ thicker than the other pieces. The powder is of a grey colour, looking and smelling like ipecacuanha; it is in- ‘tensely bitter, and nauseates most persons. Orfila, who calls it Angustura pseudo-ferruginea, has shown that it acts like nus vomiea, St. Ignatius bean, and Upas antiar. It appears, from the account of Professor Emmert, of ex- - periments he made at Bonne, on a species of Ang to which Rambach first gave, in 1804, the name of An tura virosa, to be identical with the one under r notice. He also found it a violent poison, A child died, g the decoction in mistake. BRU—BRU a ie The ferruginous rust which covers this bark, and which resembles the het of iron, possesses fo 2 wise perties of that metal ; for if water, acidulated with mur tic acid, be agitated in contact with it, it assumes a beau- tiful green colour, and affords, with an alkaline prussiate, (bydrocyanate of potass,) a prussian blue precipitate. Late experiments have proved the existence in this bark of an alkaline proximate element, which has been called Brucia. According to the analysis of Pelletier and Ca- ventou, the bark contains—1, a fatty substance ; 2, yellow colouring matter; 3, gallate of Brucine; 4, traces of sugar; 5, gum; 6, woody fibre. Has not been used in medicine—is a good subject for an inaugural thesis. cas Brucea Antidysenterica, of Bruce’s Travels into Abyssinia, vol. v. p. 69.) is described by L’Heretier, under the name erruginea. It is called Wooginos, and is sup’ by some to be the Angustura bark, No. 116, which it is “not—and a more serious mistake could not be. Dr. Rox- burg observes, that another species, the Brucea Sumatra- na, is fetid, and simply but intensely bitter, and promises to be as good an antidysenteric medicine as the preceding. It is called, in India, Amypadoo. A third species of Brucea was discovered by Dr. Horse- _ field, in Java, called Fraunalot by the Javanese: he says, it is of a bitter nature, and possesses properties somewhat similar to those of the Quassia simarouba. Another spe- cies is spoken of by the same author, under the Javanese name Patti-Lallar—native of Java—possessing the same _ qualities as the other species. ae No. 119.—Brumapunpoo. See No. 78. No. 120.—Brucra. (Brucine.) eS In 1819, Pelletier discovered, in the bark of Brucea antidy. senterica, an organic, salifiable base, which is intensely _ bitter, and slightly soluble in water; it unites with acids, _ forming neutral salts. Its action on the animal system is similar to Sirychnine, but weaker; is a narcotic. | Dose, from 1 to 3 grains—given in pills, tincture, and mixture. Nux vomica also contains Brucine ; but for medical purposes, that obtained from No. 118 should be used, because that _- from the vomic nut is apt to remain mixed with some __ strychnine, which increases its activity, and prevents cal- lation on its effects. The medical propertiag and uses of Brucine would form a good subject for an inaugural dissertation: much credit would be derived from a good experimental dissertation on this subject. = ae 4 BUB—CAL 21.—Buson Garsanum. Long-leaved Bubon. ~ Cl. 5. Ord. 2. Pentandria Digynia. Nat. ord. Umbellate. Orricixat. Galbani gummi resina. Lond. Dub. Bubonis Galbani gummi resina. Edin. Galbanum—Gum-resin. Cabinet epecinneity Jeff. Coll. No, 135—figure of the plant, No. 136. ; An bes fier iferous plant, 10 feet high, native of the Cape of od Hope cad oct parts of Hs and of Syria. When z the stem of the ing plant is cut or wounded, a cream- = ais eee 4 ~ coloured juice flows out, which is the gum-resin: a small > peated exudes spontaneously from the joints of the stem. comes in variegated masses, of a yellowish-brown hue. Qoatrtizs. Strong peculiar odour, rather fetid, faintly re- _ sembling turpentine; a bitterish, warm, acrid taste. The cas ~ Iatest analysis of this gum-resin, by M. Meisner, afforded— ae Resin 65.8, gum 22.6, cerasin 1.8, malic acid 0.2, volatile : oil 3.4, vegetable debris 2.8, loss 3.4; soluble in water, _ wine, and vinegar, by trituration to extent of } of its weight. ‘They form milky mixtures, which are deposited by rest. To suspend the drug permanently, the yolk of an egg, 0; Acacia gum mucilage, is requisite—either must be h the weight of the galbanum. Alcohol takes up one-fifth of __ its weight, producing a golden yellow tincture, which has sae . the sensible properties of galbanum, and becomes milky Ser by adding water. A mixture of 2 pints rectified spirit and ‘i one of water, dissolves all but the impurities. Galbanum ¥ yields half its weight of volatile oil, which is at first blue, by distillation. : Meznicat Properties ann Uses. Antispasmodic, and acts like assafoctida, but more powerfully. Dr. Paris remarks truly, it might be ** placed between assaftctida and ammo- nia.” Externally, it is resolvent, and induces suppuration in sluggish tumours. To be given in pill. Dose, from grs.xto3j. Orric. Paxr. Pil. Galbani comp. Pil. Assafetid. comp. - “Gall. 0 Noga Gath: Gage Repke foe to He 4 ist. Galb. « in Em Assafetid. EB. ‘Pnipbut. Gusties E. Sg vi C. No. 122,—Cajururs Oreum. Cajeputoil. The pro- duct of Melaleuca Cajuputi, which see. a No. 123.—Carami Raprx. The root of Calamus, or sweet flag. See No, 28, “3 ae CAL—CAL 85 No, 124.—-Catamina. Calamine. An impure car- bonate of zinc: used in making Turner’s cerate. See Zincum. No. 125.—Catumsx Rapix. Calumba root: the root of Menispermum palmatum, which see. No. 126.—Carx. Common lime. Rarely found in an uncombined state, but abundantly in | ponewe with other substances. The medicinal preparations are from = No. 127.—Carsonas Carers a—Mollior, creta alba. . Dub. Edin. Creta. Lond. Chalk. ~— A mineral found in the north of Poland, France, some of the Danish islands, and the south of England. Quatittes. Inodorous, insipid ; adheres to the tongue some- what ; white, or yellowish white, or greyish white. Mepicat Prorrrtizs anp Usxs. Antacid; must undergo levigation and ablution, before used as a medicine. Exter-_ nally, an absorbent in burns and excoriations. Orrtc. Prev. Creta preparata. Mixtura carbonis calcis, U.S. ie Formulea— No.1. R Carb. calcis prep. iss r Sacchari, j Pulv. Acacie gummi, 33s OL cinnamom, ™x Tr. Opii, f3ij Aquz, : FSxx A mixture for diarrhoea depending on acidity. Dose, a (pro re na No.2. J Pulveris Catechu extracti, grs. xv? _ Pulv. Crete comp. cum opio, — | 3 A powder, to be taken after every deje in diarrhea from debility of bowels, or from acidity. ‘ No. 128.—Catcrs Liquor. L. Lime-water. Agua Calcis. E.D. Liquor Calcis. U.S. : This is a saturated solution of lime in water, £3j of which contains ? of a grain of lime. Mr. Dalton has discovered that lime is more soluble in cold than hot water: he con- cludes that the quantity held in solution by water at 329 F., is nearly double that retained by water at 212° F. This statement is confirmed by Mr. H2 é 86 CAM—CAN wee - ¥For incompatible substances, see table at end of Vol. I. Mevicat Properties anv Uses. Antacid; used in dys- pepsia attended with acidity ; usuaily mixed with an equal uantity of milk, in which state it is useful in looseness of : the bowels of infants. Is astringent in leucorrheea, and the later stage of dysentery and protracted diarrhoa. Is anti- lithic. Is tolerated and retained by an irritable stomach. Forms tlie basis of astringent gargles. Milk disguises its caustic acerbity and its flavour, without diminishing its virtues. Used as an injection, for ascarides. = Dose, £3) to £3 Formula— K Liquoris Potasse, f3ij ee Liquoris Calcis, fZvj 3 A table-spoonful, or two, to be taken shortly before meals, by persons afflicted with acidity of the sto- mach, No. 129.—Campnora. Camphor. See Dryobalanops - Camphora, No. 130.—Camsocia. Gamboge——Camboge ; the - product of Staligmitis gambogicides, which see, No. 181.—CaneLta ALBA. White or laurel-leaved Canella. CL 11. Ord. 1. Dodeeandria Menogynia. Nat. ord. Olera- cex, Linn, Meliacex, Juss. Cal. 3-lobed. Pet. 5. Anthers 16, adhering to a pitcher- shaped nectary. Berry 1-celled, with 2 or 4 seeds. Orrrernat. Canellze Corter. Lond. Canellz Albe, Cortex Edin. Canella Alba. Dub, & U.S. Canella bark. _ Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 137—figure of the tree, _ No. 138. & native of the West Indies. The inner bark of the branches _ 4sfreed from the cuticle, and dried in the shade. The _quilled pieces are of a straw-yellow colour on both sides, but paler within; break with a starchy fracture. The Bat x ak owe appear patio 24 bark of the a, 2 _ Branches or of the stem, are yellow on the outside Sic bro seni ¥ 53 ; : -Qvaritis. Odour, when fresh broken, aromatic, like 2 - ™uxture of cloves and cinnamon ; taste sli CAN—CAN ‘87 | by adding water. By distillation, Canella yields a thick, heavy, ycllow, very pungent; grate odorous, essential oil; on this, and a little resinous matter, its virtues depend. For incompatible substances, see table at end of Vol, I. Mepicat Properties anp Uses. An aromatic tonic; use- fully combined with bitters, in dyspepsia, gout, and other diseases attended with general debility; it corrects the griping of aloes, and other resinous cathartics ; is said to prove useful in scurvy. . Dose, of the powdered bark, grs. x to 33s—of the tinc- ture, 3ss to 3j. Orric. Prev. Tinctura Gentiane ita. EB. . Vinum Aloes. Lond. Dub. Pulv. Aloes Dub, No. 132,—Canraraptn. The blistering proximate _ principle of No.133. 0 . No. 133.—Canruaris Vesicaroria. Blistering or Spanish flies. Cantharides. Orricinat. Cantharis. Lond. Cantharis Vesieatoria. Edin. Cantharis. Dub. : s Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 139. - Quatitizs. The blistering principle has been obtained in a separate state, in the form of small crystalline plates, of a micaceous lustre—~called Cantharadin by Mr. A. T. Thompson. When pure, is insoluble in water—rendered | soluble by the presence of a yellow matter, existing in a native state of combination with it; very soluble in oils. Rolrtect sayy, flies recently collected yield some uric MepicaL Propertizs awn Uses. Cantharides are power- fully diuretic and occasion stran r been used in dropsy, leet, -ucorrheea, incontinence of urine, arising from paralysis of the ncter vesicz ; ame. norrhea, particularly recommended by Dr. Joseph Internally, recommended by Dr. Ansel W. Tyes, in ty The free use of diluents necessary during their a pill, with cadet of beibate, or with opium. The t ture is preferable—dose, m,x to MLxx. TI ¢ external use well known. “ aes Orric. Pree. Tinctura Cantharidis. L. Emplastrum Can-— tharidis. L. Emplastrum Cantharidis vesicatoriz. EB. Ce- ratum L. Unguentum infusi Cantharidis vesicato- rig, E. Unguentum itharidis. D. Unguentum es: veri Cantharidis vesicatoriz. E. Also, the decoction of Canthatides in turpentine, found in the shops of this city. 88 CAN—CAP Formula— y e & Cantharid. in pulverulem trit. gr. i Ammoniz sub-carb. ‘ Confect. aromat. aa gr.v Syrup q. 8 ; Make a bolus, to be taken every four or six hours, with a draught of the compound infusion of horseradish—as an aromatic stimulant. No. 134.—Canruanis Virrara, Potato-fly. Ame- __ rican Cantharides. ie “Synonym—Lyfttz vittate. (Olivier.)_ 2 Resemble No. 133 ; yield Cantharidin, according to analysis =~ of Dr. I. F. Dana. Properties, as the preceding, and used as they are. No. 135.—Carsicum Annuum. Cayenne pepper. Cl. 5. Ord. 1. Pentandria Monogynia. Nat. ord. Luridz, Linn. Solanex, Juss. se Orricixat. Capsici Bacew. Lond. Capsici annui fructus. Edin. Capsicum annuum, fructus. U. S. The fruit of Cayenne pepper. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 140. Native of India, East and West. - Quatittzs. The long, pointed, pendulous orange-red pods, an aromatic and pungent odour, and an acrimonious fiery taste ; partially soluble in water, but entirely in ether and alcohol; contain cinchonia, resin, mucilage, and an acrid principle, said to be alkaline. Mepicat Prorertizs ans Uses. Aromatic tonic; used in fevers, and as a gargle in cynanche maligna, and relaxed condition of the throat ; with purgatives, used in dyspe sia, gout, tympanitis and paralysis, dropsies, and cachectic _ and lethargic complaints. Externally, as a cataplasm, is rubifacient ; thus used in West Indies, for coma and delirium in fevers of the tropics. The juice of the fruit is said to be medy for ophthalmia depending on relaxation. May be n pills, in dose of vj to grs. x or grs. xv—of the » £3] to fZij, in any convenient vehicle. An infu- gr. 1 to f3j, boiling water; or f3vi of the tincture ij of infusum rose—constitute the proportions for CAP—CAR os No, 136.—Carstcum Baccatum. Bird | pepper. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No.141. The berries of this and other species, mixed with the above, - form Cayenne pepper, used as a condiment. x No. 137.—Carpo Lienr. Lond. Edin. Dub. Char- coal. Ye - Powdered charcoal is antiseptic, newly prepared. It has been used internally, to correct fetid eructations of dys pepsia. Dr. Caliagno, of Italy, proposed to employ it instead of cinchona, in intermittents. I have given it a fair trial—it is inefficient: Is used in the fermenting poultice of meal and yeast. Is an excellent dentifrice. No. 138.—Carpamine Prarensts. Cuckoo flower. Cardaminis flores. Lond. Edin. Cardamine; jtos. Dub. The flowers and leaves of Cuckoo flower. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 142—figure of the plant, No. 143. , Diuretic, antispasmodic. Not used in this country. No. 1389.—Carpamomi Semina. Cardamom seeds ; the fruit of Mattonia Cardamomum, which see, Ey No, 140.—Cartruamus Trncrortus, Flores. WU. S. | ae _ The flowers of Dyer’s Saffron. ae Sy separ! Jeff. Coll. No. 144—figure of the plant, 0. 145, ; = “eld = No. 141.—Carica# Fructus. Th served fruit of the fig-tree. For its use, see Senna. — No, 142.—Caryornytur. Cloves. The unexpanded_ : flower-buds of Eugenia caryophyllata, " ; see. No. 143,—Carum Carvi. Common Carraway. The aromatic seeds called Carraway-seeds, being the fruit of | an umbelliferous plant. Meng age Dose, in substance, from grs. x to 3ij. ; aa i cae. Jeff. Coll. No. 146—figure of the plant, _ No. 147. Rt ~ E. D. Left ont of the Phar. U. S. Used in oe ase ARILLE Cortex. The bark of Croton _ Cascarilla, which see. Ne estas Porras. L.E.D. Cassia fistula—_ Lomeaerem pulpa. See No. 147. : “C1. 10. ee Piecauibte: 2 SEE, Nat. ord. Lomen- tacex, Linn. Leguminosx, Juss. Four species— ecies 1 and 2, whic a open ith Cynanchum Olew- a sand whieh va eit Meese, and Ww. P. C. Barton’s Veg. Mat. Med. U. op 2S ken ~ ders No. 147.—Cassia Fisruta. Purging Cassia. The te of the lJoments, as above noticed— 0. 145. & Boag: W Geren sen nea Con. No. wis-iejont of the plant, oes Aative of the East and West Indies. The pulp is gently _~ .. laxative—dose, Ziij to 3j, or more. The loments are now sold by confectioners in this city, and are tly bought up — few cents, as a Si, laxative for children ond weak women. The odour is mawkish; taste sweet and mucilaginous. In a dose sufficiently large for strong per- sons, induces flatus, nausea, and griping. Orric. Pree. Pulpa Cassizx fistularis expressa, Edin. Con- Sectio Cassie. L. E.D. Confectio Sennz. L. ¥. D. Now 148,—Cassta Maritanpica, American Senna; the leaves and loments. Cabinet —- Jeff. Coll. No. 150—figure of the plant, No. 151. : = : Birenew; a laxative, like Senna. For detailed account, ~ | see W. P. C. Barton’s Veg. Mat. Med, U. S. Vol. L No. UE Sacra Pumita. Cortex. U. S. The bark of the Chinguapin. a aa Jeff. Coll. No. 152 is - the shrub, €AS—CEN a 91 No. 150.—Casroreum. Castor, a su secreted by Castor Fiber, the beaver, a5: near the rectum. ie : Two kinds in the shops—Canaudian Castor and Russian ‘astor. Cabinet specimens, Jeff. Coll. Nos. 154 and 155. _ oe ee Quatrttes. Strong, heavy, aromatic odour; taste bitter, sub-acrid, nauseous; colour reddish-brown. Mepicat Properties axnp Uszs. Antispasmodic—given in such cases as admit antispasmodics. May be given in ironing >i, — ely Dose, of powder, grs. x to given asa s—in ters, 3j. Is very expensive, and rarely ordered. Counterfeited by stuffing a mixture of dried blood and ammoniacum, and a little real Castor, into the scrotum of a goat. Russian Castor is the best. No. 151.—Catecnut. The product of Acacia Cate- chu, which see. No. 152.—Causric, Lunar. The nitrate of Silver; an escharotic and antispasmodic tonic. See Argentum. CAUSTIC, Common—caustic potash, See Potass. More powerfully escharotic than Lunar Caustic. No. 153.—CrLanpine. See Chelidonium afl. No. 154.—Cenravris CAcumina. ED: The flowering tops of the common See Chironia Centaurium. 3 No. 155 —Crnravry, American. See ‘Sabbatia an- gularis, and other species under that No. No. 156.—Crnrauria BenepictTa. Blessed thistle, Orrictnar. Centaurex benedicte herba. Edin. Cas -~ dictus, Dub. The herbaceous part, or the leaves, rosie pag Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 156—figure of the plant, No. 157. Emetie, diaphoretic, or tonic, according to the form and strength of the preparation used. Not now used, but in domestic practice, where its blessed name secures its foot- ing—not equal to our Boneset, and yery like it in its vari- - ous effects. So er La occa Iprcacu- "I “y - One of the ts chng gern. pecacuanha. These are so nu- ‘merous, ane spe notice each plant : uy aie —*. Pes le , o arene Coll. Nos. 158 and 159. A green wax is produced by the Myrica Cerifera, or wax- bearing myrtle, which eeniteh. spec. No. 60, : No, 159.—Canaste: : formerly confounded with gum. With acid, “Se ant ds scietig ee Trapani ay — Orricrnat. Thapannth Variety 2. Cherry Gum, from the cherry tree, and others of the Pruni. Only partially soluble in water. Treated with nitri¢ acid, yields malic and oxalic acids. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 161. ar. 2. Congo Gum. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 162. Var. y. Dominica Gum. 1 large masses like stalactites, brittle, light yellowish brown, translucent; contains three : cerasin, one part gum. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 163. No. 160.—Crrara. Cerates of the different Colleges. Pharmaceutical compositions, characterized by a degree of _ consistence intermediate between that of plasters and that of ointments, 1. Ceratum calamina—is Turner’s Cerate, being medicated by the lapis calaminaris, or impure carbonate of zinc. i 2. Ceratum cetacei—is medicated by spermaccti. > 3. Ceratum cantharidis, called also Ceratum lytia#—medicat- j ed by Spanish or paint gg — & Ceratum plumbi » called also Unguentum Ce- _- russee—medicate ie cooling substance designated in the name. — Ceratum on haneegeirg ements 8 Goulard's Cerate a PATI oe 6. Goaiuii resinz, called also Basilicon ointment—medicated. with common white resin. 7. Ceratum sabinez—savin Cerate—medicated with the leaves of savin. 8. Ceratum saponis—soap cerate—medicated as its name im- plies. 9. Ceratum simplex—common simple cerate—medicated ats with rose-water. No. 161 —CErAcevm. Spermaceti. A conerete, Suz generis, from the Physeter Remi mas si Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 164. Pu Be Quarries. Insoluble in water hot alcohol, ether, oil of ne as the fluid cools. f ee ae Mrnrcat Prorentirs 1xp Usss. Bmollient, “Tie the bland oils ; reputed demulcent. May be suspended in water by yolk of egg. Orric. Prer. In cerates as above, and some ointments. No. 162.—Curnopopium ANTHELMINTICUM. Worm- seed. The plant and the. euratial gil of - the seeds. U.S. — See W. P. C. Barton’s Veg. Mat. Med. U.S. Vol. I. Anthelmintic ; the oil is in high repute as a remedy for ex- pelling worms—dose, 5 drops on loaf-sugar, followed by calomel, after three successive days. The Chenopodium Ambrosio: Ambrosigides is mistaken for it—see W. P. C. Barton’s Com um Flore Philadelphice, under _ the generic name yi sated : No. 163.—Curronta ANGULARIS. One.of na names" for the American Centaury. See Sabbatia Angularis. + No. 164.—Cicuta. Extractum Cicute. Extractum Conii, from Conium Maculatum, which see. No. 165 —Cicvra MacuLata— An umbelliferous indigenous plant, of medicinal virtues— see Bigelow’s Medical Botany. Guard against confound- ing the extract of Cicuta above, with this—from which it is entirely different. = Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 165. : LG of ‘CIM—CIN- No. 166.—CiMicirvGa RAcEMOSA, Cimicifuga ser- pentaria. U.S. Synonym—Actza Racemosa.’ Black snake-root, rich-weed, &ec. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 166—figure of the plant, © No. 167. "See Garden, in Med. Record. Vol, VI. p- 660. Ives’ edition of Paris’s Pharm. Vol. Il. p. 221. Barton’s Collections, &c. W. P. C. Barton’s Compendium Flore Philad. and Dr. Mears’ Inaug- Diss. for a degree in Jeff. Coll. 1826. No. 167.—Cincuona. Peruvian bark. Jesuit’s bark. E- PERUVIAN BARK TREES— 1, Cinchona Condaminea. Humboldt & Bonpl.—not offici- nalis of Linn. Called, in South America, Cascarilla fina— es Cascarilla de oom eee’ Known in commerce under. nes, Quinguina Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 168. be Bark thin, fine, very much rolled up; the outside brownish, - and cracked transversely; the inside of a rusty fawn colour; smells aromatic ; breaks clean between the teeth; is very tonic and resinous, but of a middling bitterness. It is now rare, and used to be gathered only for the King of Spain ; and, generally, other species are substituted for it. The independence of South America ‘has again sent it into | commerce, within a year or two. 2, Cinchona grandiflora. macrocurpa. oxalifolia of Mutis. officinalis of Linn. Female Loxa—Lima Bark. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 169. Se amy Bark much rolled, grey, more or less whitish on the outside, and of a pale fawn colour on the inside ; the outward epi- dermis is cracked transversely, breaks rather clean, is re- sinous, less astringent than the Cinchona Condaminea, but rather more bitter, It is mixed with other barks, especial- ly with that of the myrospermum pedicellatum, the bark of which is resinous, aromatic, and speckled on the outside. 3. Cinchond ovalifolia, of Bonp . Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No, 170. =a Bark similar to the preceding, cracked lengthways, clear in South Ame- > -CIN—CIN Zoe yellow on the inside; bitter, astringent, and resinous ; mix- ed, by the merchants, with Hayana bark. 4. Cinchona officinalis, of Vahl. Pp ——— hae go Mutis. “*z,, : nitida, of Ruiz. “leg Ap ———— coriacea. “tp r tunita, of Lopez. FE “op ———- angustifolia, of Ruiz. ei ee: Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 171. 5 Called Pale Bark. Bark somewhat large; fawn colour on the inside ; covered with a brown rugged epidermis; split transversely; rather spicy odour; very Bitter and tonic, but less resinous than No. 3. The colour becomes darker in ~ pn sclera “2 Sowbeties, the-extionnis i taken off ere is a great affinity between this species and the cin- part of Peru, in the Intendencia de la Paz, where this s species grows. But the Peruvians also use the term ae * nerically, to designate any species of superior Cinchona, __ There are three varieties of Calisaya, known in South American commerce—viz. 1. Calisaya arrollenda, rolled Calisaya ; 2. Calisaya de plancha, flat Calisaya; 3. Cali. saya de Santa Fé, a thick bark, (Dr. Devoti.) 5. Cinehona glandulifera? Called Huanuco. Havana Bark. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 172. g Bark in in ged than No. 4; fawn-brown on the out- side, which is warty, and covered with knobs or protube- rances; the inside 1s fawn colour; breaks fibrous, slightly — resinous ; not so aromatic or astringent as the grey bark, _ but more bitter. The cracks in the epidermis are kt dicular. It is frequently mixed with the Grey Sek e- CIN—CIN of which chaapesttinnes (No. 5.} a ag a sagiconl { Blackish Huanuco. s Cabinet acter Jeff. Coll. No. 173. Bark gsr but i in then ; espects similar to Huanuco. Ce Pou: — says, 4to. 1891. - vr Gifferent from hirsuta Called Royal Yellow Bark. ni Bark. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 174. _ In large pieces, very little rolled, fine-grained, but very little fibrous; sometimes peeled, but with ve thick epidermis, which may be separated in flakes ; the inside is deep yel- low ; taste very bitter and astringent; the decoction is gi redy I sake shat oe ‘Thick Red Bark. Callec pani Quinguina rouge—Quina Roxa. hie eeteaa, tree. is called Palo de requeson, and Cascaritla fle de fir Toaun from the flowers smelling like seated In commerce, ge- — nerally called Quina Roxa, and Quina Coloranda, Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 175. . The bark is thick, fibrous, of a brown- red or fawn colour, bit- ter, very astringent ; the outer coat is rugged, cracked in — different directions; it breaks more like fibresthan threads. _ This is supposed to be the Bark originally brought to Lt ceeePy —it has since given way to the Grey Bark, but is still considered an active medicine, especially in gangren- ous cases. The flowers have the odour of orange-flowers: : a9. Cinchona micrantha? New Carthaginian Bark, » Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 176. a _ Bark ellow, flat like pasteboard, thready, friable, with sey whit white celderinns, not cracked. The decoction is pale, and affords little or no precipitate with infusion of as slightly bitter “a eee i we power tg Bastard — : Veins Bar Bark. ee Rape woody mig oes not. rolled; wey 12. Cinchona purpurea. Pica Bark, Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 179. A yellowish-brown bark, of good virtues and esteem. 13. Cinchona lactifera—Locchi. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 180. A thick red bark, spongy, sli aly rolled. The recentibark, z scraped on the inside, yiel a red-la ake. Se = to 14. Cinchona mirantha. : hr weet Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 181. Bark thin, 15. Cinchona rosea. Called Asmonich. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 182. _ Bark chocolate goign on. she.snside, and styptie. : ‘Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 183. Bark brown, with white spots; extremely bitter. Leayes eaten he ants. Perhaps this is the Bark of Portlandia. i in South America. 48. Cinchona ong alle Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 185. ; 2 Pale red bark. Much like No. 17, but its outer coat se Ph,” : and much less rugged; and it is neither so bitter naxastrine 2 9, Cinchonn. fortis, of Vahl. th at eed la. Called Kinkina Piton, or Qui : Piton. faa been called, in comimheree, Domingo hk? Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No, 186. — Bark thick, brown, rugged; of a rusty fawn colour on the # inside; excites vomiting and purging ; is best ga exter- nally. » 3 12 a as ” Sine a : differs but little inkina Piton, (No. 19,) ch i Y th; = sorts, ; 23. Cinchona triflord. PP the Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 190. : Fheabove two species are often mixe: the other Barks, an some preferred ; must | smaller doses, as they are considerably emetic, , 20. 24. Cinchona rosea? Called Kinkina nove. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 191. Bark in thick, woody, long, straight pieces, flattened—with _ asmooth whitish coat, under which the vessels are filled with an acrid resin, of a reddish hue; the inside of the bark is pale red, or flesh-coloured; taste at first mawkish, afterwards acrid and nauseous. It yields both to water and spirit, a high-coloured astringent tincture, without any bitterness. May be used externally, but seems to haye _ but little febrifuge virtue. Most of the varieties and species of Peruvian Barks, and West India Cinchonas, when they get into commerce from __ the merchants’ hands, are sold by the druggists under i three or four names only—yiz. ernvian Bark, Grey Bark, Pale Bark. Cortex Peruvian- rlex Cinchonz lanci folie—Cinchonz officinalis cortex Cinchonze oblongifolie—Cinchonee off» et siccaty _ large pieces, prived of their external coat or - epidermis, an s of the cortex altogether, leav- _ ing the liber bark. The quills always lave the _ epidermis on : Mr. George W. since out of his appre » ayoung man, but a short time nticeship with Mr. Charles : Market street, con aha druggist business he now assists _ in conducting, has very creditably availed himself of the _ facilities he has enjoyed in that business, by experimenting on the proximate principles yielded by vegetable chemis- try. He has handed me the following memoranda of ex- periments made by him-on the barks, which he propo receding part of his MS. (not here uoted,) to be by their provincial names, instead of in the my lectures, - officinal terms, pale, yellow, any other— bating, as I have done for many years, in the absurdity of prescribing them by the and red. You will recollect. my observations on this subject, last session. I quote his experiments from his memoranda :— ‘The following are some of the most important species which now occur in commerce e, which I haye submitted to experiments, and have given to each the comparative pro- portion of Quinine and Cinchonine they respectively con-. tain. The names which are given to distinguish these several species, are derived from the provinces in which they grow. & CALISAYA BARK—2 varieties :—_ 1, Calisaya arrollenda, (quill Calisaya.) This variety is in Prog ta 3 of an inch to 14 inch in diameter,.and from 8 inches to 14 foot in length. may be readily removed fron in the seroons or cases, a g inert part. It is about 15075, an im deep transversal fissures, me woody and shining; the interior layer fi seldom comes The epidermis is thick, and the bark—hence you find, roportion deprived of this (DO yellow colour. Taste slightly astringent, and very bitter, Yields a much larger proportion of the active principle, (quinine, ) than any other in commerce, and consequently may be esteemed the best. __ ~ 2.. Calisaya Plancha, (flat Calisaya. ) This variety consists of flat, thick, woody pieces, of a reddish-brown colour, __. deprived of its epidermis, and the interior layer more _ fibrous than that in the quill. This variety yields from 20 __ to 25 percent. less quinine than the rrollenda, and is consequently a less desirable article. ng a tube about the cir- _ $00s' nd from 6 inches to 14 foot in length. It is of a colour on the exterior, and si er h small transy fiss or cracks; interior i oth, and, in or good bark, of a bright of a compact texture, and breaks with a short acture. It is the bark of the cinchona condaminia, known spvaede 4 e name of cascarilla fina. Yet, = ae this bar: appears to have held the decided - preference to: 1 other species, analysis fully indicates that “at is not equal in medicinal strength, by at least 25 per “cent, to that denominated calisaya. This bark is more astringent, and less bitter, than the calisaya. Yields from 25 to 30 per cent. less cinchonine and quinine than the ealisaya arrollenda does quinine—and the proportion of _ cinchonine is much greater than the quinine. " CINCHONA OBLONGIFOLIA—2 varieties : 1. Colorada canan, or Quill Red Bark, which occurs in quills of various diameters, from 3 of an inch to 2 inches in thick- ness; epidermis white or grey, with transversal fissures or _ warty concretions, of a reddish colour; interior of a brick- _ _ red colour; the cross fracture short and fibrous, the longi- tudinal fracture compact and shining. ‘Taste not so bitter _ as the calisaya. " Colorada Plancha, or flat Red Bark. In very large | hick — pieces, from 4 to 2 inches in thickness, and from 1 to 2 feet in length; epidermis brown, thick, and rugged, with etacks running in various directions; fracture very fibrous; inside of a deep brick colour. Taste less bitter than the Quill, and of course much less than the calisayu. ts . These two varieties frequently come in the same seroon, and from their appearance, are no doubt: the product of the same species, or perhaps the same tree—the quill produc- ed by the branches, and the flat thick pieces from the trunk; or the former from young, and the latter from old- _ This bark is generally more scarce in our market than the yellow or pale, and commands a higiier price. From experiments on the above bark, I procured 20 per Sent. less cinchonine and quinine in combination of quan- tity, than the amount of quinine produced by the same Quantity of calisaya arrollenda bark—and the proportion _ OF einchonine was rather miore than half of the product of umine. It will appear, therefore, that notwithst din ‘reat prejudices both of eminent authors and skilful No. 168.—Cincuonia. CINCHONINE. +: po _ practitioners, which have so long existed in favour of the — superiority of the oblongifolia (Red bark) over other spe- cies, that it is decidedly inferior to the calisaya (Yellow bark)—as the whole product of its active principles does not equal that of the calisaya, and cinchonine constituting rather more than half the product, which, according to an eminent author, is five times less active than the quinine.” The analysis of cinchona cordifolia, by the French chemists, yielded— 1, Yellow, odorous adipocire. 2. Yellow colouring matter. ; 3. Tannin, which turns iron of a green colour. 4. Red = cinchona, more abundant than in the red bar! + cs Me F. 4 4 5. Kinate of quinine, with very little cinchonine—(the quinine, according to Pelletier and Caventou, forming 0.9 per cent. of the bark; and according to Voreton, 14.) 6. Fecula. Cy 7. Woody fibre. 2 8. Kinate of lime. ee. Ay, tas Sy A E The analysis of cinchona oblongifolia, (R€QWatk;) yielded 2. Yellow colouring matter. _ 3. Tannin. ets 4, Red of cinchona, (very abundant in this bark.) 5. Kinates of cinchonine and quinine—(100 parts of — the bark yielding 0.8 of cinchonine, and 1.7 of Menreat Prorentizs ayn Uszs. The whole pl dried or fresh, is inert, except the root: It is the milky juice of this, which produces the pure Scammony of the i ss . 4 ee . ode of obtaining it.—Having cleared away the earth from about the root, inthe beginning of June, the sants cut off the top in an oblique direction, just below the corona, or about two inches from the point whence the stems arise, and below it. Under the most depending part of the slope, they fix a shell, or some such utensil or zeceptcies into which the juice flows spontaneously. It is left there about 12 hours, which suffices for draining off ‘the whole juice : this is in small quantity, each root afford- ing buta be, drachms. The juice from the several Toots is added together, often in an old shoe, or leg of a boot, for want of something better, where, in a little time, it grows hard, is the genuine Scammony. This concrete is a gummy resin, of a light, shining grey colour, and friable texture. It is brought from Aleppo and Smyrna—that from the latter place is less valued than the Aleppo kind; is generally said to be heavier, and of a darker colour. This is owing to the craft and cupidity of the Jews, who make it their business to go where the Scammony is prepared, and buy it, while yet soft, of the peasantry; mix with it, wheat flour, sand, ashes, soot, and various other articles, with which Dr. Russel found it adul- terated: they have not the same opportunities at Aleppo. That from Smyrna is commonly mixed with the expressed juice of Cynanchum monspelianum—oftener sophisticated ith flour, sand, or ashes. Good scammony should be fri- become milky; and the pow beslétic odie; which ewe-milk cheese. __ soluble. The pei = “4 f oodness or purity—the fine pure appearance of the salsa alone, is the proper test. The smell of Scam- mony is unpleasant, and the taste bitterish and slightly acrid. Proof-spirit is its best menstruum. The Arabian physicians used it, both externally and in- ternally—the first, as a remedy for tumours, scabies, tinea, deep-seated pains, &c.; internally, as a purgative. It was then, and is now, seldom used alone, but compounded > with other drugs, in medicines of great repute. Hoffman cteemed it dangerous, and says he rarely ventured to use it. Boerhaave restored its use, as a safe and stimulating cathartic, and says he frequently used it uncombined, without producing tormina or hyper-catharsis, —CON oe aa t, either ~ + ifectio Sais L. D. Pubvis Scammo- J ides Colocynthidis comp. L.. Pul- Scammoniz, Xi + Extract. Rhei, e 4 i a Bac. Capsici, puly. gr. - pee Ole Caryophyl « “4 9% Made into 16 2 ay vk on it ces oe 3 186 io JaLappa. - - Orricrinat. Jalapz Radix. L. E. D. & U.S. Jalap. Cabinet specimens, Jeff. Coll. No. 212 and No. 213—figure of the plant, No, 214. _ Native of South America, taking its name from thé city of a) in Mexico—first introduced into Europe in 1 “Qvatitizs. Good Jalap has a sweetish, heavy, peculiar: odour, when broken; a sweetish, somew hat pungent taste; pe is heavy, cémpact, hard, dark black-brown exteriorly—_ breaks with a shining resinous fracture, showing the in- ternal part of a yellowish-grey a interspersed: with wn concentric circles; is pulverulent, furnishing a powdel; of a pale brownish-yellow colour; root contains resin, gum, extractive, fecula, lignin, and some salts. The “ combination of the three first principles seems re uisite - for th ion of its full cathartic effect. ‘This forbids CON—¢ 447 _ vn What it does not act principally—it scours, sompes, and : sweeps all before it, from the stomach outward. ni * with crem. tart. it isa hydragogue ca’ Giy. with calomel, as is well known. Dose, grs. x to . Adulterated with mechoacana and briony-root—not often. Orric. Prev. Pulv. eae — E. Extract. Jalapz, e= D. Tinet. Jalupe. L. Tinet, Sennz comp. ¥. No. 187 —Correcrtionzs, of the Colleges. Confec- tions. The following are the principal employed in modern prac- tice. In the United States, we seldom use conteeBoaee ‘No. 8, however, ought to be more: frequently used for children. 1. Confectio 4m gdalarum. ere Rose Pare 2. = Sromities. pitas = Rose Galliex. 3s Cassiz.. V2 Scammoniz. 4, - Opii. 8. Senne. No. 188 -—ContTrajerve® Rapix. L.E. The root . of Dortensia contrajerva. Rarely used, except by the Spaniards, who consider it an. antidote to poisons. Dose, grs. v to ss. Cabinet r enaeies Jeff. Coll, No. 215—figure of the-plants No. 216 No. 189.—CoparreRa OFFICINALIS. Copan’ tree. Cl. 10. Ord. 1. Decandria Monogynia. Nat. ord. Dumosx, Linn, Leguminosz, Juss. Caines specimen, “Jeff. Coll, No 217- —fi eg No. 2 Sas a ica Pale golden yellow; somewhat of the Gonuiiente of oil; of an odour peculiar and fragrant ; taste aromatic, bitter, sharp; consists of resin and essential oil, and no benzoic acid ; is not a balsam ; insoluble in water—soluble in 10 parts of alcohol and in ‘essential oil. MEpIcaL Pnoreriis me oe. _ Diuretic, laxative; acts on the urinary in ing a bitter taste to the urine; asad in gleets, eee albus, and gonorrhaa; sickens and waco he stomach excessively. Mr. James Thorn, of the Royal Coll. of. rg. Lond. has obtained an extract, which he represents . as ry effic: 10U: iP sromthaety by VOL, 1. ae 118 ~ COP—COR distilling Copaiba—more than a moiety of a very acrid of _ fensive volatile oil is expelled, leaving a brown resinous —_extraet, becoming hard and brittle when cold. In this, _ according to Mr. Thorn, all the virtues of the balsam re- side. He gave grs. x, in pills, three times a day. Dose ___ of the balsam, Jss to 3j, three times a day. Often adulterated, and meen entirely factitious. Ac- cording to Bucholz, is adulterated if a mixture of 4 parts. of pure alcohol, and one of rectified ether, does not dis- _ solve it. No, 190,—Corris Trrroia. Gold-thread—mouth- weed. The root. Synonym—Helleborus trifolius. Indigenous—very bitter—used in aphthz. Dose, of the tincture, f3j—of the decoction, f j. See W. P. C. Bar- ton’s Veg. Mat. Med. U. S. Vol. IL. fora detailed account. ayo? tae Jeff. Coll. No. 219—figure of the plant, 0. 220, : & No. 191.—Corrarra MyrtiFoLta, A deadly, nar- cotic, poisonous plant. No. 192.—Cornua of the Colleges. Cervus Elapus. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 221. Stags’ or harts’ horns were formerly used for the preparation _of Ammonia—hence that alkali was called spirit of harts- _ horn, / e No. 193.—Cornus. Dogwood. Indigenous. Three species medicinal—introduced into the Phar. U.S. 1. Cornus florida. Dogwood tree—New-England boxwood. _ cee cimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 222—figure of the tree, 2. Cornus Sericea. Swamp dogwood—Red willow. ; Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 224—figure of the tree; No. 225. 3. Cornus circinata. Mountain willow—Round-leaved dog- wood. . ame Fora detailed account of Nos. 1 and 2, see W. P.C. Bar- ton’s Veg. 3 Mat. Med. U.S. Vol. L For No. 3, Ives’ e , Hp MR 2 ese, 4 Z COR—CRO 119 No, 194.—Cornia. Cornine. = Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 228—and duplicate, No. The proximate alkaline febrifuge principle of Cornus ote bark. Analogous to Quina; unites with acids, it, forming neutral salts. a The sulphate of Cornia, in the Cabinet, was presented by Mr. Frederick Brown, as a sample of that manufactured by Farr & Kunsi, of this city. Mr. Carpenter has prepared considerable quantities of this article; and he has under- stood from those physicians who haye used it, that in the same doses as sulphate of quinine, it has cured intermit- tents. Dr. Morton has published an account of this pre- paration in the Philad. Journ. of Med. & Phys. Sciences. Mr. Carpenter claims the discovery of this principle in dogwood. He has obtained an extract of this which resembles that of Cinchona, but less bitter and more astrin- gent. The duplicate specimen is Mr. C.’s Cornia. No. 195.—CorranDRUM SATIVUM, An umbelliferous plant, yielding the aromatic Coriander — Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No, 229—figure of the plant, No. 230... No, 196.—Crera preparata. Prepared chalk. See No. 197, xs % Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 231. No. 197.,—Crryart roor. The root of Justicia pa- niculata, which see. No. 198.—Crocus sativus. Common saffron. Cl. 3. Ord. 1. Triandria Monogynia. Nat. ord. Ensate, Linn. Jrides, Juss, bo ee Orricinat. Croci stigmata. Lond. Croci sativi stigmata. Edin. Crocus. Dub. Crocus sativus stigmata, U.S. The Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 232—figure of the plant, _ No, 236. ‘ Quatittes. Odour sweet, penetrating, diffusive; taste warm, bitterish: 100 parts consist of 62 extractive, called by Bouillon Lagrange, and Vogel, polychroite—the remaini parts are chiefly ligneous fibre, with some essential oil at -Yesin; in water, alcohol, proof-spirit, wine, vine- Mepicat Prorertres xp Usss. Exhilarating, anti-hysteric, chiefly used in pharmacy—enters into numerous prepara- fons. CRO—CRO Nt. ae Cl. 21. Ord. 8. Monoecia Monodelphia. ee Trieocca, — Linn. Luphorbix, Juss. Four species i Croton Eletteria, ym—Clutia Eleuteria, Linn, 2 2, aie Tighum. Purging Croton. Seitetees - Liniare. This 4, ——~ Humile. CROTON ELEUTERIA— Cascarille coriex. Lond: Dub. Croton Eleuthe- Edin. & U.S. Cascarilla Bark. specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 234—figure of the tree, ¢ Eleutheria. i tree, native of the Bahama Islands and Jamaica. The : is eae imported from Eleutheria, one of the islands _ above—hcnce it was long called Eleutheria Bark. ' Quatrrres, In small curled pieces, rolled up in short quills; fracture smooth and close ; dark-brown colour ; pleasant spicy, odour; warm, bitter, aromatic taste; inflammable, — — emitting, when burnt, the fragrance of musk—by which 3 ae it can be distinguished from all other barks. Its activity is 4 me : entirely taken up by proof-spirit ; ether takes up one and a : ‘ahalf in 10 parts; an a when evaporated on the surface of 4 = water, leaves a thick pellicle of bitter resin—and, dissolved =a in water, a small portion of nearly colourless, pungent ex- tractive. .Tromsdorf’s analysis proved that 4696 parts yielded—mucilage and bitter principle, 864; resin, 688; volatile oil, 72; water, 48; woody fibre, 3024. Mepicat Prorertizs ann Uses. “An aromatic tonic. Dose, " grs. iij to 3ss of the powder, three or four times a day. Orrre. Parr. Infus. Cascarille. 1. Tinct. Cascarille. 1. D- _ Casearille, D cs ; RoTON TicLium. Purging Croton. Synonym—Pinus Indica, Lignum Moluccense. This plant is a native of the Molucca Islands, and of the pe- ~ ninsula of India. Every part active; root drastic, tives its shavings used in dropsy, in Amboyna at Bamvine ves purgative; dried and por derech ae externally used bra det capella as an antidote for the poison of the col . ST: chiefly used for} edicinal p — ss ic CRO—CRO a name of Oil of Croton. In India, the torrified seeds are used as a drastic hydragogue purgative. The kernels contain, according to the analysis of W. T. Hiff, (Lond. Med. Repos. Jan. 1822,) in 100 parts of the kernels, 27 acrid principle, 33 fixed oil, 40 farinaceous matter. The oil itself is composed of 45 acrid principle, 45 of fixed oil. Dr. Nimmo ascertained that alcohol, in solution, is the best vehicle for administering the active principle of Croton oil—he gives this formula:— Pee R Alcohol. Crot. 3ss Syrup. simp. i" Mue. Gum. Arab. 83 Zij (- Aque distillate, an « M. J Aceordin, ig to ma Choon Pte = ee ood, ment, Madras, Croton 77 ' in the hands of Mr, Underw at in fifteen cases of obstructed catame duced. : ; ; Croton Oil, called in India Nervalum unnay, was introduced into the shops of this city, a few years ago; and, among others, I have prescribed it. It is a drastic hypercathartic.. ¥n some Cases, according to authors, merely touching the tongue with a drop of it, has praduced many loose watery stools; in others, doses of one or two minims have excited | the most terrible hypercatharsis. It is said, however, that 10m, have been given, in Europe, to some persons, with- out any very sensible effect. Mr. Ingledon gave the — newly-expressed oil, in doses of 5m, in 1815— tt soon laid it aside, as too violent in its operation, In India, it is sapericd as a valuable external application, in rheumatio "The regula dose is one drop—rarely two—given in form : - Of pill, made up with crumb of bread. It may be given ; mixed with mucilage and sugar. When “es ing effects, the native ner ly, butter with orange or rice water, and apply externally cold affusions of _ No. 201.—Croron Lintare. Native of Jamaica. ae The powder of the dry leaves used in colic, according to = oP gaaan | No. 202.—Croron Humize., Native of Jamaica. Hot, pungent ; used in baths and fomentations, for nervous __ weakness, according to Brown. Z There are fourteen species of Croton, native of Jamaica, of _ which the three enumerated are all, according to Lunan, which are medicinai, Ze : L2 CUC—CUC ‘No. 203.—Cucumis cotocyntuts. Bitter cucum- ber—bitter apple. Coloquintida. Colocynth. The pulp of the fruit. oe ? Synonym—Colocynthis fructu rotundo major. (Baubin.) xorcuuy Sic, xorcxuyda anyos of the Greek authors. & is Cl. Monoecia. Ord. Syngenesia. Nat. ord. Cucurbitacee. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 236—figure of the plant, _ No. 237 Fruit a round pomum, the size of an orange, divided intoS _ cells, abounding with a pulpy matter, separated every where by membranous texture, including many ovate, compressed, white seeds. The colour of the fruit is at first green, afterward yellowish, in proportion as it ripens, or streaked with yellow and green, and yery smooth, co- vered with a fine, light, and hard bark. It is said, that — when the fruit is larger than a St. Michael’s orange, and the seeds pointed, long, and narrow, and tipped with black, it is not good—see Paris (Pharm.) and others.—. ee This is incorrect. © : Native, it is believed, originally of the Levant and the Islands of Greece. It is imported into Europe and this country, for medical purposes, from Turkey, and was cultivated in England in the time of Turner. - Mepicat Prorentizs ann Uses. After pomene, veered the pulp of Colocynth, the Indians send it to Aleppo, from whence we receive it dry, spongy, light, of a faint disa- greeable odour, of an acrid, disagreeable, and excessively — bitter taste. According to Carthusa, this pulp contains - near one-half of its weight of mucilage, and a resinous _ matter, which possesses, in a high degree, the irritating and purgative qualities of the Colocynth. The mucilage is so tenacious as to resist the filter, and pass with difficulty through a strainer; and is readily formed, by the addition to the pulp, of boiling water, Even a tr. made of proof- spirit, is so slimy as to resist the filter. The watery decoc- tion, inspissa yields an extract which purges strongly, but with less irritation than the pulp in its dried state, and with greater safety. It isa drastic, irritating, and rather dangerous cathartic. The violence of its action is well attested, having produced poisoning in many cases: violent colic, bloody evacuations, pains and sweats, convulsions, erosions and ulcerations of = the intestines, are phenomena which have not uncommon- ly followed its exhibition. Hence Carthusa proposed to banish it from the Materia Medica. . Used in serous apoplexy, Se acl Pee ___ Hoffman only employed it in the most intractable and — - Sesperate cases of disease. CUM—CUP 2, 7 _ dropsies, coma, chronic diseases of the skin, mania, me- ~ Jancholy, paralysis, painter’s colic, hydrothorax, for worms, and suppression of urine—in gout, rheumatism, and arti- cular diseases, and in pains occasioned by obstructed vis- cera. Schreeder and Faber say, its use in syphilis is at- _ tended with great success. Geoffroy says, the pulp, ap- _ plied to the umbilicus, acts as a purgative and anthelmin- tic; and it has been remarked, that it purges if retained long in the hands of druggists, who make it into pills. Faber used it in syphilis, by digesting the pulp in wine, with different aromatics. Sennert says, the dose is not to exceed 6 grains. : It is always necessary to mitigate its action, by triturat- _ ing it with gum tragacanth, or some oily or mucilaginous pine substance. The proportion of the infusion is 1 scruple of Sa the pulp to 2 pounds of liquid, Its great bitterness makes oe it rarely admissible. - The dose of 2 to 4 grains of the resinous extract, is one ¥ of the most violent purgatives known. The sacred wine, mentioned by French writers, is no- thing but a vinous maceration of Colocynth, which often vomited in a dose of from 1 to 4 sp ae ‘The pulp of Colocynth enters as a material component SR of numerous empiric pills and p i and in many fy pharmaceutical preparations of the Lond. Edin. and Ame- "Se Seapine extreck uf Coladirah, i th eile, compound extract olocynth, is the aratior * now chiefly used in England and in this comiaey: ~" Ovesc. Pare. Exctractum Colocynthidis. L. Extract. Colo- cynthidis comp. L.D. Pillulee Aloes cum Colocynthide. D. No. 204.—Cuminum cyminum. Cumin. Orrrersat. Cumini semina. Lond. Cumin seed. ee Jeff. Coll. No. 238—figure of the plant, INO. . _ : ; ss An umbelliferous pentandrous plant, native of Egypt, yield- ing seeds of a strong, peculiar, heavy odour, and a warm, bitterish, disagreeable taste; used chiefly as an external stimulant for indolent ulcers. No. 205.—Currum. Copper. In its metallic state not used, and innoxious if by accident swallowed. It readily forms salts with acids—of which three are medicinal, viz. No, 206.—Cupri sus-acetas. Edin. Sub-acetate of copper. Verdigris. Zrugo. Lond, Dub. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 240. eee 5 first, rst. taste insipid, - metallic taste in the iam, in chronic ophihalmia. Dose, nic, under half a grain—as an emetic, from gr. i to gts. ij. In over-doses, a poison, quickly producing death. ‘Duval and others assert, from experiments, that sugar Se an antidote. ; =. Orric. Prep. rugo preparata. D. Ung. sub-acetatis Cupri. a . E. Tiaiecaiiears Hruginis. L. D. Cupri sub-acetas pre- poratam. U.S. 207. —Cupri SULPHAS. L. E. D. & U. S. Ved "phate of c ae Quaririss. Found in the sho) ra-mar transparent, rhomboidal prisms; inodorous, ; ' acrid, styptic taste, and liable to slight. efflorescence. “Treated with sulphuric acid, no effervescence takes place, by. which i it general bed distinguished from No. 206. | Spec vity, 2.1 according to ace it consists eee 6 parts” of hydrate « ageree . Seo or x and 25.4 of water of crystallization. Soluble in + pare “ae of water at 60°, and Say than 2 at 212°; ‘insoluble in al~ cohol, : MepreaL PRopERTIES AND UsEs. Emetic, astringent, and tonic, internally—extern ally, an escharotic; has been used - for the first property, in incipient phthisis, i in croup, and when laudanum has been taken in an over-dose ; for its. astringency, in alyine hemorrhages, intermittent fever and epee A and other spasmodic affections ; pledgets | of lint_dipped in a solution of it, as a styptic in epistaxis, stuffed up the nostrils. A weak solution in water is an excellent collyrium, in ophthalmia. Forms the base of Bates’s Aqua Camphorate, recommended by Mr. Ware for purulent infantile ophthalmia. Equal parts of this salt and tart. emet. make the the dry vomit of Maryatt. “Dose, as an emetic, grs. \j to grs. xv—as tonic, gr. — fora collyrium, 3 to 1 or 2 grains to the ounce of ages “Bene. wa. Solu. Cupri Sulphat. comp. E. cgrumnm ‘moniatum. L, E. D. Cupr Sulphens gems |, ee “No. 25% B Cupti hipkatin, x - Aque rosar. aint A lotion, in phagedenic ulcers of the fac : for allaying itching, when attended with _ erysipelatous inflammation about the anus “and labia _pudendi. = No. 3. R Cupri sulphatis, grs. ii — ; se oe hadi sulphurici, 4. Aque distillate, Le A solution, designated in the last ment} officinal preparation preceding. — No, 208-—Curaum amMonratum. L.D. Ammo retum Cupri. E. Ammoniated copper. | pri Ammoniaretum, UB Aramabaiaret Pe salt, being a sub-stiphate of oxide of agi and ammonia. Quazrries, | A violet-coloured mass, eines, on : becomes sreen; taste styptic, metalline 5 odour | _ of water dissolves Di- : as it lessens ei cee y. oat attended with ‘¢ Gregory, Tissot, Odier, - P Wie. mended it. More ae Dr. Batt as Tecumacited it in epilepsy, in combination with valerian. Brera thinks it equal to arsenic, in intermittents. B. Bell gaye it, with success, in spasmodic cough; and Welker, in chorea. "Fheussink commends it, in chronic bysteric affections. Dose, } gr. cautiously increased to gis. v, twice a day, Orric. Prev. Liquor Cupri Ammoniali. Le Cupri Ammo- niareti Liquor. U.S No: 209.—Cuncuma ZEDOARIA. Zedoary. cpa s Synonym—Amomum Zedoaria. ‘(Willd.) rere Qrricixat, Zedoaria Radix. Dub. Zedoary root. ae wee eC ENN .. No. 213.—Cycas— % Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 242—figure of the plant, No, 243, Native of East Indies—-named 4eua by the Brahmins. Fra- grant like camphor, biting, aromatic, bitterish, with some acrimony; an aromatic tonic. Dose, of powdered root, gts. viij to 3ss, two or three times a day. No. 210.—Cunzss. The berries of Piper Cubeba, eS * . __ which see. No. 211.—Cusparre Cortex. See No. 116, . No. 212.—Curare. Poison found in a plant called Vejuco de mavacure. _ »» The genus yet unknown—used to poison arrows, like the ticunas, Three species in Materia Medica— 1. Cycas Circinalis. Sago Palm. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. of the fruit, No. 244—figure _ of the palm, No. 245. 2. Cycas Revoluta. 3. Caffra. Meal Bark Tree, These three palms yield the restorative dietetic of the shops, called Sago—it is made from the pith. Portland island Sago is obtained from No. 88. Parmentier entertained the idea, that all fecule were identical—he proposed to make Sago out of sweet potatoes. The couscous of the African negroes is a sort of Sago, prepared from holeus spicatus. Sago resembles Tapioca in qualities, but is more nutriti- ous. That of commerce is chiefly obtained from No. 1, which is called Landen, growing in the Moluccas, It is a universal article of food, among the inhabitants of Amboy- na, Ceram, Celebes, and Borneo. No, 214.—Cyponi£ semina. Quince seeds. The fruit of Pyrus Cydonia, the Quince tree. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 246—figure of the tree, _.. No. 247. No. 215.—Cywancuum OLearotium. Argel or Ar- guel, a plant native of Egypt, constituting ss ah of the three plants which yield Senna, which see. CYT—CHI 127 _— amie Jeff. Coll. No, 248—figure of the plant, 0. 249, E Some native species of Cynanchum are, I think, medicinal. They would be good subjects for an inaugural dissertation. No. 216.—Cytisina. Cytisine. The proximate principle discoyered by MM. Cheyallier and Lassaigne, in the seeds of Cytisus Laburnum, on which the emetic and purgative property of those seeds depends. It is analogous to meta. The seeds yield—1, a greenish fatty matter, soluble in water and alcohol—2, a green colourmg matter—3, Cytisina— 4, woody fibre—5, albumen—6, malic and phosphatic acids—7, malates of potass and lime. wed Quatitizs. Cytisina is incrystallizable, of a brownish-yellow colour, and ‘hitter nauseous taste; slightly deliquescent ; very soluble in water and diluted alcohol; insoluble in ether. The acetate of lead does not render its aqueous solution turbid ; the sub-acetate agit precipitates it. Infusion of galls occasions a yellowish-white, flocculent precipitate, and the alkalies communicate a greenish-yellow tint to it ; solution of gelatine does not precipitate it. In doses of 1 grain, Cytisina operates as an emetic and cathartic—a stronger dose produces serious accidents, analogous some- what to those of Emeta. It has not been employed in medicine—is an excellent subject for an experimental in- augural dissertation. A bitter nauseous substance, resembling Cytisina, was disco- vered by the above-named chemists, in the flowers of _ arnica montana—to which principle that plant is supposed to owe its emetic powers. : No. 217.—CHIMAPHILA UMBELLATA. Pippsissewa, Winter green. . Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 250—figure of the plant, No. 251. No. 218.—CuImaPHILA MACULATA. Poison Pipp- sissewa, Cabinet a Jeff. Coll. No. 252—figure of the plant, No. 253. For detailed account of each, here noticed out of their lite- ral place, by omission, see W. P. C. Barton’s Veg. Mat. Med. U.S. Vol. Il. and Fl. N. Amer. Vol. I. DAP—DAP = No. 219,—Dapune Mezerrum. Common Meze- Cl. 8. Ord. 1. Octandria Monogynia. Nat. ord. Vepreculz, i cortex. Lond. Daphnes Mezerei cortex. . Dub. The bark of the root. a, Jeff. Coll. No. 254—figure of the plant, . smal | shrub, native of Britain and the north of Evrope— cultivated in our gardens, where it stands the winter— flowers in March and April, before the leaves appear. Qvaririzs. The fresh liber, or inner bark of every part of Rae t, acrid, inflammatory, and vesicating, applied to — ope ah chewed, produces heat of the nant and fau- _ ces, which continues for hours. The fruit (red berries) crid, and a corrosive poison if eaten: Yields its virtues to water and vinegar, Contains Daphnia. Meprcat. Prorerties ann Uses. Stimulating and powerful _ diaphoretic, increasing arterial action; apt to disorder the ptime vie, and occasion vomiting and purging. Used in combination with sdrsaparilla, and other articles, in stimu- lating diet drinks, and all anti-syphilitic syrups and robs. Has been used by the French surgeons, to make and kéep open issues. Chewing frequently pieces of the root, has . cuted difficult deglutition depending on paralysis. The woody fibre is nearly inert. Internally, a decoction has been used for chronic rheumatism, scrofulous swellings, lepra, and generally all obstinate cutaneous diseases. Dose, in substance, gr. i to grs. x, The Daphne laureoia is very generally sold for Mezereum, Orric. Prer. Decoctum Daphnes Mezereiv Edin. Decoctum Sarsaparille comp. L, & U.S. : ‘ . lo, 220.—Darunra. Daphnine. _ This is a principle sui generis, obtained by Vauquelin from No, 219. He digested the bark in alcohol; then evaporat- ._ ed the liquid, to separate the resin; diluted the residual ~ fluid with water; filtered, and added acetate of lead, by __which he obtained a copious red precipitate : he separated ‘the lead from this, by sulphuretted hydrogen gas, and ob- de tained Daphnia.—(See Annales de Chem, Ixxxiv. 3 174.) nal econo- "The medical application, and effects on the & i YY, of ia, would be ibject po gee u a novel and good subje oe 3 thesis. 4 DAT—DAT _ 129 No. 221.—DaTURA sTRAMONIUM. Thorn apple— Jamestown weed : vulgarly siti a cor-— ruption of Jamestown. Var. e—Tatula. - 2 C). 5. Ord. 1. Pentandria Monogynia. Nat. ord Solinace, € Linn. Solanex, Juss. Orrrerwat. Datura Stramonii, herba. Edin. Stramoni herba. Dub. ‘The herbaceous part of the Thorn ap plant. Datura Stramonium, folia a et semina. U. 8. leaves and seeds of Thorn apple, or Stramonium. An annual weed, introduced, but every where. peearelincd growing abundantly on commons, wastes, roa about rubbish. There are two —t a green caulis and branches; and the puspledowered, with purple caulis and branches. ‘ Qvairries. Has a narcotic fetid odour, bitter nauseous taste, Wedenburg found it to contain gum, (or mucus) resin, % volatile matter, which Mr. A. T. ‘Thompson says is carb. of ammonia, and a narcotic alkaline principle, called Da- __ turia. Medicinal properties extracted by aqueous and spirituous menstrua. a Menpicat Prorertizs ann Uses. Narcotic and ‘ dic; used in extract, tincture, and by i the roots for asthma. The tincture of the seeds is now preferred to. any other preparation. Dose, of the extract, grs. i to ij, twice adey, increased until xv. in 24 hours—of the tincture of the seeds, from f3Zss to fzij. _ Orsre. Peer Ain Semen U.S. een eet No. 222 fae Herre Daturine. _ Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 256. The alkaline principle obtained by Brandes from the seeds — : of No. 221, similar to Atropia and Hyoscyama. Daturia ts © contains the poisonous principle Stramonium, and should therefore be cautiously prescribed. Brandes has : furnished an imperfect account of this substance; and it ‘ "yet remains to be ascertained, in how far it ma ‘be an ac- cession to the list of medicines. An i rtation on this subject, if carefully executed, experiments, would give its author much credit. I subjoin Brandes’, analysis of the seeds of Stramonium :— 2 ; Fixed oil, 13.85, Thick fatty oil, 0.8. Fatty buttyraceous body, with resinous chloropbylle, Ay, VOL, II. M 6 2=—=S—SC—*=«~C:s«C(DAKU DECC”: Se Nite A, “= 5 Resin, insoluble in ether, 9.9. ST Yellowish-red extractive matter, 0.6. Malate of Daturia, f. | e. SEES Incrystallizable sugar, with a salt having a base of Da~ ot CUP Ity--O6B8o . _ Gummy extractive matter, s _ Gum, with different salts, 7.9. Bassorine, with alumina and phosphate of lime, 3.4. .e n, 1.9. _ A matter analogous to Ulmia, called by M. Brandes ge © 5. 5 ae <: e of Daturia, malate and acetate of potass, and gh’ malate of lime, 0.6. A membranaceous secretion containing—Silica, 1.35— _ water 15.1—loss 1.95. =" No. 223.—Davcus Carora. Common carrot. oS Orrrerwat. Dauci (Hortensis) Radizx—(Agrestis) Seminua. Lond. Dauci Carote Radix. Edin. Daucis Sylvestris ; Semina. Dub. The root of the cultivated Carrot, and the seeds of the wild Carrot. Cabinet specimens, Jeff. Coll.—of the seeds, No. 257—figure of the plant, No. 258. : A pentandrous umbelliferous plant, yielding the well-known _ vegetable under culture, and seeds, which, taken from the Penn a Woke “ Kewisig Hy wild plant growing by way-sides, are medicinal. The root- is used as a poultice. The seeds are diuretic and aroma- ta tic. Dose of bruised seeds, 5j to 3j, or more.. No. 224.—Decocra. Decoctions. These are the impregnated solutions of medicines, in which their activity is obtained by coction. They are only to be ih: made of medicines, the virtues of which are soluble in 2 water, not vaporjzable, nor existing in extractive matter: the latter would become inert by long boiling. The drugs should be bruised or sliced, completely covered with water, and the vessel closely fitted with a cover; the coc- tion should be slowly, regularly, and uninterruptedly con- tinued for some time. In compound decoctions, those _ substances should be first put in, which are the hardest _ and require the longest coction—and so on, successively, with those the virtues of which are most speedily extract- ed. If volatile substances are to form a part, the decoction, prepared, should last of all be poured over them, and covered until cold. The proportions must be ed by the known nature of the ingredients. Asa generat oF ege td, Fai! tT < Penna, / { i Reading Roem. rule—of roots, barks, or dried w00ds, Bij #0 Bui, t to —. DEL—DEL 131 pint of water—of herbs, leaves, or flowers, every pint of water. The decoctions through linen, (not too fine,) while hot—should quantities at a time. In summer, spoil, and should not be used after 48 hours mais pared in small unless kept in a very cold place. The simple officinal decoctions of the ias, Decoctum Cinchone. D. Athex officinalis. plonix = Digitalis. D. Duleamare. D- Lichensis. D. apar D. Quercus. D. Sarsaparille. D. Veratri. D. fniliealibs D. Guiaci. D. Hordei. D. Mecerei. D. Scilla, D. Senege. D. “The compound See are—D. sapar D. Aloes comp. D. Gite Columbzx comp. det comp. Geffrowx inermis. ay DECOCTUM LUSITANICUM—Lisbon diet drink. Formula— R -Sarsap. concis, Rad. Chine, 44 3). Nucum Juglandis, cortice siccatarum, No. x Xx. Antimonii sulphureti, 3ij. E Lapidis pumicis pulverisat. Aquez distillat. ths The powdered antimony and Pe Eee are to be tied in separate pieces of rag, and the other ingredients. The use of pon be pre- they soon pate ia ae os oiled along with. is merely mechanical—to divide the antimony. No. 225.—DELPHINUM. Larkspur. Three species—1. 3. 1. DELPHINUM STAVISAGRIA—Stavesacre. a a oe. . ra Orricinat. Stavisagria semina. Lond. Dub. Delphinii Sta» Edin. Stavesacre seeds. een ane Jeff. Coll. No. 259—figure of the plant, 0. 260. visagriz semina. wan of the south of Europe. thartic—hence rarely used. A salivant masticatory—hence used to cure tooth-ache, by chewing a few seeds. Chiefly employed in powder, mixed with hair-powder, for destroy- ing pediculi of the head. . 2. DELPHINUM CONSOLIDA—U. 8. Larkspur. The root. €abinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 261. a Common garden A violent emetic and ca- : i DEL—DEL — 3. DELPHINUM ELATUM—resembles i it—is narcotic. 4, And another species, indigenous, called in Tennessee, Staggerweed—is narcotic. 33, 4, would be good subjects for an inaugural thesis—se- parately considered, or all together as a monograph of this —— deleterious genus. No, 226.—Detpnia. Delphina or Delphinina. he first name. Delphine, or Delphinine. sali, being the proximate principle of the seeds of No. = iy Discovered, in 1819, by MM. Fenuelle and Las- saigne. Their analysis ‘of stavesacre seeds was as follows:— 1, Volatile oil, a trace. A yellowish fixed oil. rown bitter principle, not precipitable by the = of lead. 4. A yellow bitter principle, not precipitable by the " cesieiiirs sof Siete Sipe ghar 3 é .5. Malate of Delphia. 6. Incrystallizable sugar. 7. Gum, 8. Woody fibre. 9. ‘Aatinas matter, inscluble in spirit of wine, precipita- ble by acetate of lead, and infusion of galls. 10. Albumen. U1. Salts, with a base of potass and lime. Mr, Brandes’ analysis of the same seeds, is as follows:— 1. Fixed oil, very ‘soluble in spirit of wine, 14.4. 2. Fixed oil, sparingly soluble in spirit of wine, 4.7, 3. Fatty matter, analogous to cetine, 1.4. 4. Delphia, 8.1. 5. Gum, with traces of phosphate of lime, pa of a vegetable salt with a base of lime, 3.15, — 6. Fecula, 2.4. cm ae _ Woody fibre, 17,2. é 8. Phyteumacolle, with malate, ac hydrochlorate of potass, and a lime, 30.67. 9, Vegetable albumen, 0.5. 20. Concrete oy ci i, ath Sulphate of lime, with phosphate of esia, 3.62. _ 12. ‘Water, 10,0. : eo 13. Excess, 1.49. Quarrrizs or Detenta. A white powder, crystalline when ~~ “Moist, opaque on exposure to air; inodorous; first taste = “Dileigie-, acrid, Nearly insoluble in water; alcohol and ether dissolve it. The alcoholic solution turns syrup ith a base of ke . RE yor % * o Die DIG 133 of violets green, and restores the blue of turnsole reddened by acids. Forms neutral salts, of an acrid and bitter taste, with sulphuric, nitric, hydrochloric, oxalic, acetic, and other a. Alkalies precipitate it, in form a white jelly. Orfila found 6 grains to kill a small dog more speedily fatal, when Delphia is dissolved in i acid, in which case it kills the animal in 40 or 50 minutes. Acts on the nervous system. Has not been used in medi- cine: the salts of the base should be tried. A good sub- ject, with the genus, for an inaugural dissertation. The same alkali doubtless exists in 2 and 3, of No. 225, and perhaps in other genera of the family Ranwnculacez, to which the genus inium belongs. ; No. 227.—Diacrypium. Diacrydium. A mixture of Aleppo Scammony (‘which is also called by this name) with a mucilage, and then evaporated. Itisintend- ed to sheathe the acridity of the Scammony, by this kind of comminglement in the evaporated extract, with a bland substance. ~ Formula. R Scammony, 1{b, infused for 12 hours in juice of quinces, or mucilage of quince-seeds, and evaporated to dryness, 5 ’ No. 228.—D1antuus Caryoruyiivs. Clove pink —Gillyflower—Clove carnation pink. Orricixat. Dianthi Caryophylli; flores. Edin. Caryophyl- lum rubrum; flores. Dub. Weeenl of Clove pink. : aia Spennen, Jeff. Coll. No. 262—figure of the plant, : The petals be this beautiful, fragrant, and favourite flower, are aromatic, like clove-spice, somewhat bitter, and sub- astringent ; formerly used in nervous hysteria; be as © good as saffron ; now only used to flavour and sy- rups containing active medicines, - Paarm. Puer. Syrupus Dianthi Caryophyllt. BE. D. Big ety Sei No. 229.—Diciratis purpurea. Foxglove—pur- _ ple Foxglove. aes Cl. 14. Ord 2. Didynamia Angiospermia. Nat. ord. Luri- dz, Linn. Serophularia, Juss. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. bell-shaped, 5-cleft, ventricose. Capsule ovate, 2-celled. > a j . Orricixat. Digitalis folia et semina. Lond. Folia. Dub. m2 , DIG—DIG _ Cabinet specimens, Jeff. Coll. Nos. 264 and 265—figure of the plant, No. 266. : Native of Europe. The leaves should be gathered when the __ flower is in bloom, and only the fresh ones selected. The _ powder must be kept in glass-stopper vials, covered with - dark paper. | ~ Quatitizs. The leaves, when carefully preserved, have a ae slight narcotic odour, a bitter nauseous taste—when re- duced to powder, a lively green hue. Contain extractive _ matter, and a green resin, in both of which the narcotic _ property resides. Destouches, a French chemist, obtain- ed, on analyzing them, much carbonate of ammonia, by distilling the aqueous extract. He also obtained sulphate of potash and of lime, phosphate of lime, carbonate of lime and of potash, and acetate of ammonia. Water and alcohol extract the virtues—coction injures them. - Meprcat Propertiss axp Usrs. Sedative and diuretic ; di- minishing the frequency of the pulse, and the general uritability of the system, and increasing the action of the absorbents. Produces slight nausea and languor. Aroma- tics in combination with it, diminish its diuretic powers. Has considerable influence over the heart and arteries— has been used in palpitations attendant on any irregular action of the heart. May be given—l, in substance—2, in SE tincture—3, in infusion—the last most diuretic. Dose, of dered leaves, gr. i, in a pill, twice a day; increasing Por a grain every second or third day, until ae i _ some effect be perceived on the kidneys or general frame. It sometimes sickens the stomach, and purges—when it does so, a little opium will correct both. 25 drops of the tincture, given three times a day, in barley water, is said by an English surgeon to have cured gonorrhea. Has been used in phthisis pulmonalis, as early as 1710. Dr. Baildon observed that posture has an effect in ascertaining its real operation on the system. After taking six grains a day, his pulse fell from 110 to 40; but when actually at 40 in a recumbent position, the erect posture would raise it to 100. When sitting, it was 72—and lying down, 40. _He observed the same effects in several patients. Has been used in dropsies, in mania, scrofula, and in most cases of increased vascular action, when we desire to les- Sen the impetus of blood, as in aneurism. Now much used in inflammatory affections, in catarrhal fever of children, wm active hemorrhages, particularly uterine. Ferriar com- bined it with myrrh and sulphate of iron, for consumption. 2 has been extended to venereal ulcerations, chronic cough, affec- - DIG--DOL . 135 Dose, in substance, gr. i, net tincture, x to xx drops, increasing. Orric. Prev. Decoctum Digitahe. D. Jnfusum Digitalis. _ L. E. & U.S. Tinctura Digitalis. L. E. D. & U.S. Tinctura JEtherea Digitalis purpurez, of the new French Code. . Formule— No.1. RK Scille rad. exsiccat. grs. iv Digitalis foliorum, — gis. X Hydrargyri sub-muriat. BTS. ¥, ‘Myrrhe iY aca 3 | ‘together—then add— Assafeetidze, “ 3s Extract. Gentian, q. Ss. Made into a mass, and divided into xv pills, ‘ one to be taken morning and evening. No.2. J Tinct. Digitalis, ™Mx—xv Mist. Camphore, f3x Tinct. Calumbz, £3j A draught to be taken twice a day, i in palpita- “ie tion of the heart, accompanied with great : nervous irritability. No. 3. KR Pulv. foliorum Digesis f Puly. Scillz, aa gr.i Fe Hydrargyri sub-mur, gr. ss—gr. i se Potassx supertartratis, }j—3ss _ Syrupi Zingiberis, q: Ss To form a bolus—one es and cee No. 230.—Diospyros VIRGINIANA tree. Orricinat. Cortex. The bark. U.S. ‘Cabinet specimens, Jeff. Coll. Nos. 267 and 268—~figur OF: the tree, No. 269. See Barton’s Collections, &c. A good oun for : an inau- gural thesis. No, 231.—DoticHos Pica sain: Cowhage. Orricrsat, Pubes leguminis. U. $. The bristles of the pods. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 270. Native of India, &e. Is the Cacara pruritus of Raumphing «eA ‘infusion of the root, sweetened with honey, is Notte ‘the Tamool doctors, in cases of cholera morh oe eee ipa eacara ‘ oS DOR—DRY A reputed anthelmintic; for tenia; operating, it is alleged, mechanically. Is it worth a thought? ~# reed No. 232—Dortens1a ContTRAyERVA. Orricrnan. Contrajerve radiz. Lond. Dortensix Conirayer- ve radix. Edin. Contrajerva root. _ Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 271—figure of the plant, ~No. a : 23 : A sudorific tonic. Dose of powdered root, grs, y—3j—sel- dom used alone. | Orrie. Prev. Pulv. Contrajerve comp. L. No. 233.—DracontTium raeTipum. One of the sy- nonyms of Skunk-cabbage, Symplocarpus fetida, which see. No, 234.—Drocur AmEre. ~ : A French bitter tincture, made of mastic, thus, common resin, myrrh, aloes, and creyat root, (Justicia paniculata, which see.) For this last, calumba root is sometimes sub- stituted. Proper proportions of them being taken, the whole are steeped in brandy for a month together, in the sun in dry weather, and then carefully strained and drawn off. ; ; No, 235.—DryozaLanops CAMPHORA. Colebrooke, Asiatic Researches, Vol. XII. p. 539. ane S 13. Ord. 1. Polyandria Monogynia. Nat. ord. Guttifere, Juss. Genus nova. Cal. 1-leafed, permanent; enlarged into a gibbous _ cup, with 5 ligulate, long, scarious wings. Corol. 5-petal- ed. Caps. superior, 1-celled, 3-valved; seed solitary. Em- __. bryo inverse, without perisperm. » Ogrrerwat. Camphora. Lond. Edin. & U.S. Camphora; ss gesina. Dub. Camphor. _ Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 273—figure of the tree, No. 274. This tree grows to a great height, in forests on the north-east. coast of Sumatra, and especially in the vicinity of Tampa- nooly. The greater part-of the camphor, as well as cam- Phor oil, found in the Indian bazaars, is not the produce Laurus Camphora, which grows in Japan and China— is taken to India from Sumatra and Borneo: that of ra_is good—but of Borneo, the ‘hest in the world. by the Dryobttiunops Camp the eastern countries, the oil is more " DRY—DRY | 137 esteemed than the concrete: it is obtained by puncturing the tree, when it exudes. To obtain the concrete, the tree is felled, and it is found in flakes near the centre of the tree. i Japan Camphire, China Camphire, or Camphor, is obtained | from the shoots of the Laurus Camphora and Laurus Cin- namomum, as also the Capura Curunder, by distillation with water; and distinguished, in trade, by the place from which it is imported, into East India and China Camphor. ‘Fhe Sumatra Camphor, or Borneo Camphire (that from Dry- obalanops Camphora of Foster and Colebrooke) is obtain- oreo by Splice. the tree, the heart of which contains it mixed with essential oil, in lamps the thickness of a man’s arm, 12 or 14 inches apart. A middling tree contains 11ib. a large one double that quantity. ; South American Comphire, or Brazil Camphire, in in _ from the Carette. Liquid Camphor—Ofeum Camphorx—is obtained pe the : same tree as the Sumatra amphor. : — Camphor may be procured from the ‘essential oil of sage, _ thyme, meg rosemary, peppermint, marjoram, Ben- alese sage, by distillation. The Cyngalese prepare a : ind of it deiebieoth-of the Cinnento’ tree: According to Correa, the Shorea robusta (of Roxb.) yields a superior -_ - eamphor to that of Japan or China, Camphor is contained in the roots of the od Cassia— Laurus Sassafras—in those of e, zedoary, and ginger; in cardamom — and long pepper ; in the roots of Calye and other species ofthat indigenous genus—called set scented shrub: the monanda punctcta, 0: or horse-mint, _ yields it ; and doubtless most. spouse Saerel PO Se ticitlate, which esse | oils. eee A factitious ‘Camphor of muriatic acid gas throug] cial Camphor may be disti Ts ; duct, in not being soluble in Pree nitrie acid, not being precipitated by water — its — nitric acid. Quauitizs. A white brittle substance, ‘oan the ‘hak: but possessing a degree of ductility which makes it re- fractory under the pestle, unless a few — of gary ns be added. It is capable of becoming beads § fragrant, penetrating, oni Seat titversaly 3 able. ‘Taste bitter, pungent, aromatic. treatyged gra- ee. -9887—it swims, consequently, on waier. Very vola- tile, a warm and moist day eam tad aconsiderable por- tion. Readily ignited, burning with a brilliant flame and — much sake, a” Sait and b ~ +. a. pay Seed Be ge = 2 ogee: "proximate vegetable principle, resembling in many re- spects the essential oils; only differing ii composition from them, in containing more Sean By distilling it repeat- edly with nitric acid, it is converted into camphoric acid, . which has peculiar properties, and with alkalies and earths forms camphorates, which are destitute of medicinal vir- tue. £3} of water is supposed to hold in a kind of solution about half a grain of camphor, agitated with it—hence camphor tea, as it is called, is moderately endued with the pedal power of the drug itself. It is soluble in an equal weight of alcohol—it is rendered more soluble by tritura- tion with a little magnesia. Alkalies have no effect on Camphor. , - Mepicat Prorertizs anv Uses. Anodyne, in certain con- ditions of the system ; in moderate doses, is exhilarating, without raising the pulse; it produces tranquil sleep, and assuages after pains succeeding parturition. The effects are transient, and it must be repeated at short intervals. It is said to correct the bad effects of opium, cantharides, _. the drastic purgatives, and powerful diuretics. In exces- ie sive doses, occasions anxiety, vomiting, syncope, and de- oe lirium: these effects are best counteracted by opium. Camphor may be given in substance, (powdered) in mix- ture, and in tincture. It may be suspended by sugar, yolk of egg, or mucilage of acacia, Dose, grs. iij to Bj or Zss—of the tincture, Zj to Zij. i, Orric. Prev. Mistura Camphorz. L. D. & U.S. Emul- : sia Camphorata. E. Spirttus ” z L. E.D. Tine- tra Camphore comp. L. E. D. Tinctura Camphorx. UV. — -—«§. Aeidum acetosum Camphoratum. B.D. Lainimentum ~ _ Camphorz. L. E. D. Linimentum Camphore comp. LL. Linimenium Saponis. L. E. D. & U. 8. oe Formule— No.1. R Extract. hyoseyami, Bj Puly. Camphore, grs. vj = Made into 12 pills—3 every night. : No.2. Be Opii puri et ae een Camphora, aa 3ss Emplast. Lithargyri, 3) Sit scute pectora. Bree. No. 3. B Misture Camphore, f3j : Spir. ther. comp. f3ss Tinct. Opi, mx ‘Syrup. Papayeris. f3j _ Make a draught, to be taken going to bed. - DUL—EME : - 189 No. 4. R ‘Moschi, _ Camphore, Spir. rectificat. i Confect. Rosz gall. mu First triturate the camphor with the spirit— : then make a bolus—antispasmodic. No. 5. RK Camphore, t et Pulvis Antimon. 44 gr. iij Opii puri, gr. i f Confect. Aromat. q. s. Make a bolus, to be taken at bed-time— diaphoretic. No. 6. RK Camphore (alcohole solute Ol. Olive, ’ rik Mix for an enema—to be injected at bed-time, every night, for three nights; then, every other night—for ascarides. No. 236.—Dutcamara caures. L. D. The twigs of woody nightshade—So/anum sarees which see. E. No. 237.—Exaterir poma. L. E. D. Sipiirdinge Cucumber—the fruit a ae fleier 2 rium, which see. No. 238.—Exaterium. The extract of the same— 4 see as preceding. No. 239.—Exatin. Clutterbuck’s pre’ same. See as No. 237, | No. 240 —Eerraria Carpamomum. One of the synonyms of the plant which produces Cardamom pee ds-—-AMatioais =", which see. No. 241.—E emt. The resin of No. 46, which see. No. 242.—Emera. Eine ‘The proximate emetic principle of Tpecacuanha, 5 which see, | a of the : 0.5 Ex oe of the Coliiges:- Plasters._ ~The chief « Bere Saale ~ Oxydi Plumbi semivitriei, or E. Lyth Commune, or Diachylon se sated £. Rone No. , 244. ERGOT, or Secale - Cornutum, as. see. No. 245.—1. Ertceron PuoiLaDELpuicum, 2 Scab- HATEROPHYLLUM, § ious. 2: CanapDeEnsk, Phar. U.S. Indigenous diuretic plants. For a full account of 1 and 2, see W.P.C. Barton’s Veg. Mat. Med. U.S. Vol. Il.—of 3, see Dr. De Puy, Physico-Med. Trans. New-York, Vol. I. No, 246.—Eryncium aquaticum. Radix, U.S. Button snake-root. A good subject for an inaugural dissertation. No, 247.—Escutia. Esculine. The alkaline proximate principle of No. 31. Discovered by M. Carzeroni, and obtained by him by a process similar to that for obtaining Cinchonia. It is supposed to contain the febrifuge virtues of the horse-chesnut. Has not been used as a medicine—therefore is a fit subject for an inau- gural dissertation. No, 248.—EvuGENIA CARYOPHYLLATA, ( Willd.) The ~ Clove tree. Synonym—Caryoph yllus Aromatica. — 2.— phyllus i et ejus oleum volatile. Edin. gn Aromat poe ag olewm essentiale. Dub. Bao et oleum vola- tile. U.S. The gai wee ac and volatile oil. _ Gabinet specimens, Jeff. Coll. No. 275 and No. 276—figure of the tree, No. 277. A native of the Moluccas—cultivated in Amboyna, Honimoa, i Oma, Noussalant, Isle of France, and Dominica. ese but little of their taste—alcohol and ether take up both. ‘s , nearly colourless oil, which becomes yellow by Agi contains the flavour of cloves, but is milder. The ‘Qualities of Cloves well known. Water extracts their odour, tae - Yield, by distillation in water, one-sixth of their weight of — Dutch oil is of a reddish colour, and fiery, Owing, it is supposed, to the presence of some of the resin of cloves extracted by oI. - Vauquelin ob- tained an oil, resembling clove oil, from the leaves of Aga- thophyllum ravensara. The best cloves are frequently ‘mixed, by the Dutch, with, those from which they tase. extracted the oil. ig Mepicat Propertizs ann Uses. Aromatic, stimulant; given: in dyspepsia, attended with sensation of coldness in the sto~ mach ; in atonic gout; combined with tonics, in autumnal fevers. The oil is used as a corrigent to griping purgative extracts—as a local application for tooth-ache. Puarm. ei Infusum el aan ci L. Sees Lavend. comp. D No. asocebiuy eroarie, Hempweed. Cl. Syngenesia. Ord. Polygamia zqualis. Corymbifere, Foss. Four indigenous species medicinal— Eupatorium perfoliatum. maculatum. purpureum. teucrifolium. No. 250.—EupaToRIUM PERFOLIATUM. Boheset. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Col. No. 278—figure of the plant, No. 279. For a full account, see W. P. C. Barton’s Veg. Mat. Med. U. S. Vol. II. and Ives’ edition of Paris’s Pharm. No. 251.—-EupaTorium MACULATUM. Spotted-stem- med Eupatorium. See W. P. C. Barton’s Flora of North America, Vol, 1H. plate 103. Cabinet w frei Jeff. Col. No. 280—figure of the eet, No. 281 ‘No. 252,—EuPpATORIUM PURPUREUM. Radix. Phar. U.S. Gravel root. ~ No. 253.—Evupratorium Trevcrirotium. Wild hore- hound——Germander-leaved Eupatorium. -Herba, 4 See Ives’ edition of Paris’s Pharm. and W. P.C. Barton’s aoe Comp. Fl. Ph. Vol. 11, under that name. — LS The whole of this extensive genus is, I think, well worth : investigation. There are 14 species growing “aon afew VOL. Il. N = Seat, Bee oe a. EUP—EUP _~ miles of Philadelphia, and nearly 70 species in the United States. Any two or three of them together, would form a . good subject for an experimental inaugural dissertation. - A species of Eupatorium (Satureiefolium, Lamark) is said __' by Mutis and Humboldt, to be considered as a powerful _- __-eounterpoison to the bite of serpents in the United States, f= * Virey’s Hist. Nat. of Medicine. - 254,—-KUPHORBIA OFFICINARUM. Officinal Eu- “Orrrersat. Euphorbiz gummi-resina. L. Euphorbium. a5 —o Jeff. Coll. No. 282—figure of the plant, me RO. . ; Most violently cathartic and emetic, also érrhine and rubifa- cient—on account of the violence of its action, not now used. Ht is rare in the shops—the Cabinet specimen I ob- " tained with difficulty. Though this is the plant which yields the chief part of the Euphorbium of Materia Medi- ca, others also yield some portion—viz. £u bia Anti- quorum and Euphorbia Canariensis (of Willd.) The whole genus contains an acrid suceus proprius, of a white colour, which, concreted, is the Euphorbium. The juice of Lu- tha tagona is used to poison arrows. The Luphor- bia triucalli is-cathartic, emetic ; the exhalations affect the _ eyes. This, and the Euphorbia piltlifera, are supposed ’ to be anti-syphilitic. The indigenous species of the genus, which are medicinal, are the following Nos. 255—2536, Formula— RK Emplast. Picis comp. Ziv 2 Euphorbia gum-resinz, ss Terebinth. vulgar. q. 3. 4 A stimulating application, celebrated by Che- selden and others, to relieve diseases of the hip jot, and to keep up inflammation of the skin, in chronic states of visceral inflam- mation Caution—In pulverizing the Euphorbia,’ the dispenser should previously moisten it with vinegar, to ‘prevent its ‘rising and-ex- coriating his face. — No. 255,.—Evpuoraia Ipecacuanua. American Ipecacuanha. Orricinan. Hadix, [pecacuanha Spurge. U.S. _ Emetic. Fora detailed account, see W. P. C. Barton’s Veg. _ Mat. Med. U. S. Vol. .—Bigelow’s Med. Bot.—Ives’ ed. Cabinet specimens, Jeff. Coll. Nos, 284 and 285—figure of the plant, No. 286. a sie 4 rea eh za ‘EUP—EXT 143 No. 256.—Evrnorara ‘Coroiiara. | ing spurge. Radix. Phar. U.S. T eabod E perinet, Jeff. Coll. No, 287—figure of the plant, ce te Med. Bot.—Ives’ ed. Paris’s Pharm.—W. Pe €. Barton’s Comp. Fi. Phil. under that name. No, 257.—Exrtracta. Extracts, of the —— Colleges. Preparations obtained by e ting watery or a solutions of a al ontth rs ——_ from fresh plants by expression, to masses of tenacious — consistence. The London gr Oa re. at ea, eno = last mentioned, cailed also generic title above. The Dubli ations tee has seomtaed the distinction of watery or simple extracts, spirituous or resinous extracts, and inspissated juices. I prefer the an geacwien term of the London College, for the whole ; t perhaps, for the tyro, it may be more convenient and useful to preserve the subdivisions. Therefore, I shall enumerate these preparations thus i. WATERY or SIMPLE ee ex- tracts of Rouelle. Eixtractum Alves SE en ll gts. x to xy. Formule— No. 1. RB Opii puri, ae er 92 Extract. Aloes spicat. grs. Made into 3 pills—~one at bed-time. Narcotic Made into 2 pills—to be taken as a dose. en cotic purgative. R Ferri Ammoniati,— Rj Extract, Gentiana et Extract. Aloes, aa Zss Divide into 30 pills, of she La may be taken twice a a ... Tonic and purgative. mete Anthemidis. E, Cinchonez—dose, grs. x to 3ss. ose, grs. v to grs. X—soon becomes Formulz— No. 1, (See No. Shore.) the native Pa obtained Be \ EXT—EXT No.2. BR Aluminis contriti, —grs.v Myristice nucl. contrit. grs. y Extract. Gentianz, —_ q. s. : Make into 2 pills—one or both a dose. Astrin- . gent. It also enters into many formulz, as a vehicle for me- Aallic preparations. — = Extractum Hematoxyli—dose. x to 3ss. ——_—— Humuli—dose, gry te Dj—(not very useful. ) . i—dose, gr. i to grs. y. _ ——— _Papaveris—a weak opium—dose gts. ij to Dj. ———— Sarsaparille—good tor nothing. : Stramonii—dose, gr. } to grs. ij, daily; and in- creased. Taraxaci—dose, grs. y to 3j, in combination with sulphate of potass.- = Ae SPIRITUOUS or RESINOUS EXTRACTS. Extractum Cinchonz Resinosum—dose, grs. x to xxx. Colocynthidis composit dose, grs. yi to 3ss. - Formule— No.1. R_ Extract. Colocynth. comp. 3 Opii puri, QTs. iij Olei nucis moschat. tiv Make into 12 pills, of which 2 may be taken every hour, until they purge freely. : No. 2. BR Extract. Colocynth. comp. grs. xxiv Pil. Aloes cum Myrrh 3j Hydrarg. sub-muriat. grs. xv Make into 20 pills, of which 1 or 2 may be taken prore nata. Cathartic. No.3. J Hydrarg, sub-muriat. grs, X Pil. Cambogiz comp. et Extract. Colocynth. comp. 44 grs. xv Syrupi Zingiberis, q- s. Make into 12 pills, of which 2 may be taken going to bed, or early in the morning. Cathartic. Extractum Jalape—liable’ to gripe, unless made with su almonds or mucilage into sar etetthion—-dose, grs. x to ei —- Extractum Rhei-—not very useful alone—dose, grs. x to 38s == Formula— — ; R Aloes spicat. di Scammoniz, xij Extract. Rhei, a Bace. Capsici pulv. gers. yi Olei Caryophyll. : mv Make into 16 pills, of which 2 may be taken going to gaat ord Cathartic. Z ins , 2 pe EXT—EXT 145 ill. INSPISSATED JUICES. Obtained by expressing the juices of fresh called plants, and evaporating them in a ae a Succus Spissatus (extractum) Aconiti. beginning with gr. 4, increased. Not much used in Cs s. Formula— J Extract. Aconiti, Antimonii sulphureti, Precipitati, 8a or. i Magnesiz Carbonatis, ss . Make a powder by trituration. Diaphoretic. Spissatus (extractum) Belladonnz. Dose, gr. i, gra dually increased to grs. whe form of pill. ? Succus Spissatus (extractum) Conii. Dose, grs. ¥ to Dh more, twice or thrice a day. Formula No, 1—see No. 183, formula 3. No.2. R_ Extract. Conii, dj Folior. Conii exsiccatorum et in pulyerem tritorum, q. s. Make into pills, each containing 2 grains; Sto- erck’s narcotic—1 pill a dose. : No.3. R_ Opii puri, gts. iv Extract. Hyoscyam. et Conii, a@ gr. Xv. Make into 6 pills—1 a dose at night. Narcotic» No. 4. R Extract. Conii, et Hyoseyam. (in eacuo, pp.) 8% gr- ij Make into a pill, to be taken once or twice a day. No. 5. R_ Plumbi super-acetatis, gr. nh ~ Extract. Coni, gra x J Make into 3 pills, of which peice. a taken. Astringent. Suecus Spissatus (extractum) ere Extract of Blateriam, of the Colleges, has now prope ven way, in this coun- try, to Clutterbuck’s watncnect Tirwordice Elaterium. — Suecus — (extractum) Hyoscyami. Dose, grs. vy to Bj, in pills. Formule— No.1. R_ Extract. Hyoscyami, Dj Camphore (alcoholis opii in puly. redact. ) gr. vilj Make into 12 pills, of which three may be taken eyery night. Narcotic. N2 — FER—FER No.2, R= Tinct. Scille, mx : Acid. Nitric. dilut. — Mvj_. Extract. Hyoscyami, gis. ij - Aque pure, — Ziss Make a draught, to be taken every third hour. . See also formule Nos. 3 and 4, under Suecus Spissatus Conit, - above—formula No. 3, of No. 183. —* Suecus Spissatus (extractum) Lactuce Sative—this is Lact. - No, 258—Ferrvm. Iron. _ The filings and oxydated scales of the smith’s shop were awe iy ised but the salts only are now employed in medicine. The filings are called, officinally, Ferri ramenta et fila. Lond. Filia e Limatura. Edin. Ferri serobs, Dub. Iron filings and wire. Ferrum, squame oxidi. Dub. The scales of the oxide of iron. Among the few wise things done by the framers of the Phar. U. S. is their omission of these absurd preparations, in their list of me- dicines—the very idea of taking which would be shocking to most patients. Let them remain in the Dispensatories, for their proper pharmaceutical preparations ; and for this purpose, they are mentioned in their proper place, in the Phar. U. 8. I call your attention to the salts, which are important medicines. ait Cabinet specimens, Jeff. Coll. Nos. 289, 290, and 291. Orric. Pree. erri Limatura — E. Oxidum Ferri nigrum purificatum. E. D. Ferri acetas. D. & U.S. Sub- carbone Fo praport. E.D. Ferri carbonas prepa- raius. U.S. Carbonas Ferri precipitatus. B.D. & U.S. Ferri sulphas. L. E. D. & U.S. Ferrum tartarizatum. L. E. Ferri tartras. U.S. Tinetura acetatis Ferri. D. & U.8. Liquor Ferri alkalini. L. & U.S. Vinum Ferri. L.D. & U.S. Murias mmoniz et Ferri. B. &.U. 8. Sulphu- _ retum Ferri. E. Rubrum Ferri Oxidum. E. Ferri prus- - sas. U.S. Ferri Phosphas. U.S. Sulphas Ferri exsiccatus. _ Edin. Tinetura Ferri Ammoniati. Lond. Tinct. Ferri - Muriatis. Lond. Tinctura Ferri eum Oxido rubro. Dub. No,259.—FeRRI suB-carBonas.L. Carbonas Ferri ss preecipitatus. E. Ferri Carbonas precipita- tus. U.S. Carbonas Ferri. D. Carbonate _. of iron—precipitated carbonate of iron. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No, 292. - Quarrrizs. A chocolate- brown, or, occasionally, a Scotch- _ snuff-brown powder, without Price of a slightly styptic _taste—according to Mr, Philips, varies according to the FER—FER 147 temperature at which it is prepared, as well as from dif- ferences in manipulation—consists of mixtures of peroxide, protoxide, and sub-carbonate of protoxide of iron, in vari- ous proportions. Insoluble in water; soluble in acids, — with effervescence. Meprcat Prorertizs ann Uses. Tonic—may be given in powder, or pills, with an aromatic, dose, grs. v. to grs. xxx. Mr. Hutchinson, of Southwell, has found it effi cious in tie doloreux. Se ae Formule— ‘ * No. 1. R Ferri carbonatis precip. grs. "se i 3ss P. Valerianz, Syrupi Zingiberis, QB, Make a bolus—tonic. Ras ee 2 No. 2. KR Ferri carbonatis precip. - 2 Extract Conii, aa 3j Made into 24 pills—2 to be taken twice a day, in fluor albus, and scrofula. No. 260.—-FERRI sUB-CARBONAS PREPARATUS, E. Ferri Carbonas preparatus. U.S. TS rust of iron—formerly Rubigo Ferri of Dub. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 293. This preparation differs but little from No. 259, except that it is less easily borne by the stomach. I think it a sub-car- bonate, and not a carbonate; for which reason, I ado: the Edinburgh nomenclature, in preference to that of the U. S. Quatrtizs. Inodorous, of a reddish brown colour, and _ styptic taste—soluble in acids, with effervescence, and is, like No. 259, Se ee Tonic; has been used in ite doloreuz; as an internal and exter-- nal application to cancer. Said to be emmenagogue—so it is, but by its simple tonic effect—used in fluor albus, where there is no febrile action—should be combihed with aro- matics, of which ginger is the best. Sirs wea Dose, as in No. 259, and increased to 3ss—3j and Zss doses; may be given as largely as the stomach will bear—to correct its purging effect, which sometimes oc- curs, opium should be added. With the preceding, is one of the best tonics for the neuruses. ~ Formula— Ke Rubigo ferri, (sub-carb. F. psi P. Zingiberis, = Tinct. Thebaice, (Tr. opii.) gtt. xxx Mixed by trituration, and divided into twelve pow-— ders—one every two hours, in syrup, or molasses. ee FER—FER a This is the formula of the late Dr. Rush, for mak- ing what were called in his time, Rush’s tonic powders. He prescribed them almost daily, to the patients of the Pennsylvania Hospital, when I was i resident physician, there; and they were daily Se made up in his shop, (for there were no doctors’ ori offices then, ) by his pupils, for private patients, “No. 261.—Ferri suLpHAS.L.& U.S. Sulphas Ferri. : E.D. (Ferrum Vitriolatum. P.L.1787. Sal _ Martis. P. . 1745. Sal seu Vitriolatum Martis. P. L. 1720.) Sulphate of iron, (for- merly Green Vitriol.) Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 294. Quatitiss. Beautiful apple-green, rhomboidal prisms, efflo- rescing, on exposure to air, and becoming covered with a yellow powder, owing to their attraction of oxygen ; heating them, produces watery fusion—if by exalted oe temperature, the acid is driven off, and a peroxide of = iron remains, which is known in commerce, by the name _~ of Coleothar. (Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 295,) According to Dr. Thompson, the sulphate of iron consists of 27.7 parts sulp. acid, 28.3 protoxide of iron, 45 water— 8 parts of which exist in combination with the oxide of iron. Soluble in 2 parts of water, at 60° F. and three- fourths at 212°—the solution reddens vegetable blues— insoluble in alcohol, until the iron be farther oxidized. © ‘Mepicat Prorertizs anp Users. Tonic, astringent—said to be emmenagogue and anthelmintic—if so, it is by its tonic power. Gripes, in large doses. Dose, gr. i-to grs. v combined with rhubarb, or some bitter extract. The aro- Matic lozenges of steel, consist of this salt, with a small proportion of tinct. of cantharides. Orric. Prev. Mistura ferri comp. L. Pil. ferri comp. L. Sulphas ferri exsiccatus. BE. L. D. Formule— z No. 1. Magnesiz sulphatis, et Sodz sulphatis, aa 3 ss Ferri sulphatis, gTs. v Misture Camphora, f3 viiss Make a mixture—of which 2 table-spoonfuls are to be taken twice a day. Cathartic for debi- litated persons, or for worms. No.2. R Sodz Carbonatis, Bij ns . Ferri sulphatis, gts. lij Magnesiz sub-carb, 3] . _ Aque pure, a One ft FER—FER | 149 * The water is first to be put in a flask—the salts then added, and then the sulphuric acid—the vessel is to be put away in a cold place. _ Decompositions of the salts of iron, of soda, : and magnesia, take place in this preparation— the acid should not be in excess, else the salt of iron would not undergo the necessary de- composition. (Paris.) _ Sears No. 3. KR Ferri Sulphatis, Potasse sub-carbonatis, & 3ss Myrrhe, yj _ Rubbed together, and add ; Extract. Gentianz, _ g: s. Make 24 pills. Maclean—in Dropsies. No. 262.—Frerrum ammontatum. L. Murias am- * moniz et ferrt. E.D. (Ferrum ammoniacale.. P. L. 1737. Flores Martiales. P. L. 1745. Ens Veneris. P. L. 1720.) Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 296. Quatrrizs. In crystalline orange-yellow grains, which de- liquesce; smell like saffron—taste 2 5 per eae salt, varying according to the degree of heat employed imits preparation—a mixed mass, consisting of sub-muriate of ammonia, and sub-muriate of iron, the metal being in a state of red oxide. According to Mr. Philips, the salt prepared by direction of the London Col i contains a portion of sub-carb. of ammonia—f3j water dissolves Ziv of the salt—very soluble in alcohol. Meprcalc PRorerties aNp Uses. Tonic and aperient—re- puted emmenagogue; if so, it is by the properties just no- ticed—was formerly much used in epilepsy, scrofula, hysteria, chlorosis, and rickets; but being uncertain in its effects, disusage has been the result. Dose, grs. iij to grs. xv twice or thrice a day. Is impure, when of a pale. yellow colour; in which case, it must be re-sublimed. _ Orric. Prev. Tinciura ferri ammoniati. L. Formule— No.1. RK Ferri ammoniati, Extract, Gentiane et Extract. Aloe, 4a 3ss Triturated together, and divided into 30 pills, of which 2, a dose, three times a day. Tonic and purgative. No.2. BR Ferri ammoniati, gr. v Rhei Radicis contrit. grs. iij =. Make a powder, which may be taken daily, in any convenient vehicle. Tonic. ~ FER—FER No.3. R Myrrhe pulvy. Shi Ferri ammoniati, gts. vj Triturated together, and add -Syrupi Zingiberis, q. 2 _ Make an electuary, of which a portion, the size , of a nutmeg, may be taken twice daily. No. 263—Ferrum TARTARIZATUM. L.& U.S. Tar- - _ tras Potasse et Ferri.E. Tartarum ferri.D.. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No, 297. Quvarrrizs. A brownish-green, inodorous powder, of slightly ‘styptic taste, attracting moisture from the air, but not de- = liquescing. According to Mr. Philips, it is, as frequently — fol prepared, a mere mixture of metallic iron, with cream of “ tartar, coloured by oxide of iron; but carefully made, is ae either a triple salt, or one of those combinations which” ie crem. tart. forms with metals. Soluble readily in water— 8 not undergoing any decomposition fora length of time, ~ S except depositing tartrate of lime, which is an accidental as impurity in the cream of tartar. ay 5 2 _ Mepicat Properties anv Uszs..- A diuretic tonic. Dose, < §vs. x to 3ss—should be used in solution, because of the Be tendency of the salt to a semi-deliquescence, when pre- scribed in powders ; suitable, from its mildness, to the dis- me eases of children—sits easily on the stomach—a remedy : in dropsy. Formule— No, 1, R Ferri tartarizati, grs. x2 as Puly. Calumbz, gr. xv § Make a powder—to be taken twice a day. No, 2. R_ Potassx super-tartratis, Zij Fern tartarizati, 1iy Zingib. j Sirupi simp. gq. 8.) Dose, 3ij—three times a day, Cathartic. No. 264.—Ferri puospias. U, S. Phosphate of Iron. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 298. _ For mode of preparation, see Phar. U.S. There are two preparations, the yellow and the blue. Recommended in sia, amenorrhea, cutaneous diseases, chronic rheu- Matism; and by Carmichael, for scrofulous and cancer- 9us ulcerations, Tonic, Dose of blue phosp. grs x to 3j- “a Pa a o ae. ¥ - FER—FER c ist No. 265.—Ferri Prussias. U.S. Prussiate of Iron — —the pigment, Prussian blue. _ Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 299. This salt is introduced into the Phar, U. S. because much | _ used by American practitioners. The late Dr. Samuel Powell Griffitts used it extensively as a febrifuge tonic. Dr. Zollikoffer, of Baltimore, commends it in intermittents.—= May be given during the paroxysms—in the apyrexia, indis- _ criminately. Dr. Worthington, of Washington, has used it in uterine hemorrhage, which it checks, while it assuages _ the priate on: uipice it may depend. His dose is 3j. As a febrifuge tonic, the dose is, grs. v to x, twice a day. B the recommendati wiow of the late Dr. Grilith, Lused it re- peatedly in the fever of 1823 and 1824, ing in this city and neigh d, and can attest to the efficacy of its tonic powers. I cured many cases by a mer- curial purge, this salt, and centaury drink freely. I gave the prussiate in 10 grain doses three times a day, and often every two hours. It is an American practice, desery-_ ing of further trials, and would be a good subject fora practical inaugural dissertation, by which, if judiciously _ : managed, the author would obtain credit and reputation, _ '% » J know nothing of its use in uterine hemorrhage. I am of i aa that the phosphatic salts are all too much neglect- . ean Med. Collegs Reading “gett. No. 266.—Feruta Assar@ripa. Assafetida plant. Cl. 5. Ord. 2, Pentandria Digynia. Nat. Ord. Umbellatz. OrrrcinaL. Assafetida gummi resina. Lond. Edin. & U. S. weg ecimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 300—figure of the plant, oO. . Native of the south of Persia, growing on the : mountains, in the provinces of Chorasaan and Laar, where it is named kingisch. Kempfer has described it in the Ameenitates exo- tice, 535, with a figure 536. Stem nine feet high. Seeds have a porraceous odour, and ‘a sharp bitter taste. The | drug’ is obtained from the roots when 4 years old, by twist. ing the stems off at the corona, when the plant has be to decay, removing the earth from the upper portion of the root, and cutting it transversely. After 48 hours, the juice, which has flowed spontaneously in the sun, is scraped off, and another transverse incision made, This is repeated 3 successive times, when the root is allowed to remain una touched for 8 or 10 days, at which time another excision is made. After this, the root perishes. The juice, collected from a number of roots, is put together, and dried in the sun; it is then the drug of commerce. is is FER—FER Qvatrtits. Irregular masses a ogether, containitig many little shining tears, of a whitish, reddish, or violet hue. Taste sub-acrid, bitter; odour fetid and alliaceous: the latter impaired by age. Consists of gum (or Brugnatelli says, extractive) 60 parts, resin 30, essential oil 10. Yields all its virtues to alchohol and ether, Triturated with wa- ter, forms a milky mixture, called lac assafetide. It is not permanently held in solution, unless yolk of egg or muci- lage be used as an intermediate reconciling ingredient. 3] of the drug, requires one yolk, and double its weight of — If 3v) assafectida be triturated with 3ss of cam- _ phor, a mass is formed of the consistence of a plaster, which may be reduced to powder by triturating it with carb. of ammonia, without undergoing any other change. Menicat Properties axnp Usgs. i \odic and aperi- ent, said to be expectorant, em1 ogue, and anthel- mintic ; was anciently used as a condiment, under the name of cag, (Laserpitium, Pliny) and Kempfer says the Persians use it in the same way. The term assafctida, is derived ~ tage Monks 78 Salernian Peano, and wri- ters. dle ages it Opium yrenaicum, i. € juice from Cyrene. The native practitioners of India ies it too stimulating for pregnant women, thinking it will produce abortion! Used in coughs with pulmonary weakness and tendency to spasm, in flatulent colic, in ; form of enema; in all hysterial cases, and in mania a potu. = Dose, grs. y. to 5j- eo : Orric. Prev. Mistura Assafetide. L.D. Tinctura Assa- fetide. L. E.D. Spir, dmmoniz fetid. L. E. D. Tine- tura Castorei comp. E. Pil. Aloes cum Assafatid. E. Pil. Galbani. comp. ¥. Enema Fetid. D. Formula— No.1. R_ Assafeetide, eee E Aquz Menthe pip. fZiss Triturate the gum with the mint-water, by gradually adding it until well mixed— i f “ : then add es Tincture Valeriane Ammon. f3ij Tincture Castorei, FRiij ZEtheris Sulphurici, £33 J Make a mixture, of which one table-spoonful is the - : dose every second hour. An anti-hysteric mix- ~ : ture. ; ; ; No.2, R_ Assafotide, ol Soe Decoct. Avene, Pe, ; Mix for an enema, in flatulent colic, (Bang.) Ihave used it in tympanitis with success, tek ee a FIC—FLO 3 15 No.3. B. Camphore (aleohole puly.) =" ssafoetide, ‘ sift >a Mucilag. Acaciz, q. Ss. Make pills of 3 grains each—3 to be taken ; _ 3 hours, in dyspneea and asthma. livia . No.4. R Assafetidz, Bj Pulveris Zingiberis, Bj _ Syrupi simplicis, q. s- Make 30 pills, of which 3 every third hour, in palsy. No. $. Be Tincture Assafetide, £3] _. Tincture Opii, — fziij—f iss Aque, St Mixed. Dose, a table-spoonful second hour, antil sleep and tranquillity be Induoed Tue ib a prescription I have for a long time used, with much success, in mania a potu. I have occasion- ally found it necessary to increase the quantity — of laudanum, great as it is; and in some cases, found it answer an excellent se, to substi- ~ tute paregoric fZij, instead of the landanum—_ when I give this, I interdict ardent spirits and ors paca re wr aarti quassia 3s __ a drink. No. 267.—Ficus carica. The fig-tree. See No. 141, eae : The acrid lactiferoys juice has been used as an irritant, in the treatment of lepra. No. 268.—Firicts Raprx. L.E.D. Root of the male fern—root of Aspidium filix mas—a synonym of Polypodium filix mas. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 302—figure of the fern, No. 303. A reputed anthelmintic for tenia. The cabinet specimens are from Switzerland. Inodorous, slightly bitter, sub- astringent, and mucilaginous. Dose, 3) to 3ij, followed by a cathartic—the point on which its anthelmintic power No. 269.—Frorzs Zincz. Flowers of Zinc, which ++ BEE. ‘on VOL, Ir. Ose ASA FLO—FRA No, 270,—Fiores Benzorci. Flowers of Benzoin. Benzoic acid. See Styrax Benzoin. No. 271.—F ores Sutpuuris. Flowers of sulphur. Sublimed from Sulphur, which see. No. 272.—Foxia Inpica, or MALABATHRA. Names in commerce designating the narrow-pointed ellipti- cal leaves of the Laurus Cassia, as well as the oblong, ovate, shining leaves of the cinnamon tree. Dried and powdered, they are prescribed by the native doctors in cases requiring stimulants and cordials. s According to Dr. F. Hamilton, the leaves of the Laurus Japonica (of Rumphius) are sold in Nepaul, under the __ name of fej-pdt, by which also the Folia Indica are known to the Hindoos. The Nepaul leaves are, in taste and smell, ‘aromatic, but differ from the tej-pat widely. Cassia Buds (of Laurus Cassia)—a stomachic infusion—is PS ae _ee in India from the cassia buds, by the Mahometan ees tors, with whom it is a favourite remedy. The buds are dark-brown, shaped somewhat like a nail with around head, surrounded by the hexahgular calyx, which gradu- ally terminates in a point. No. 273.—Frasera Wattenri. American Calumba — Marietta Calumba. Orricinat. Fraséri Walteri ; radix. U.S. The root of the American Calumba. Cabinet specimens, Jeff. Coll. No. 304 and No. 305—ficure of the plant, No. 306. an = For a detailed account, see W. P. C. Barton’s Veg. Mat. a Med. U.S. Vol. IT. , oe Dr. rt in noticing this plant, in a-note to his article on Calumba, has confounded the botanical history of the plant yielding the foreign Calumba, with the Frasera— throwing out the ion, that the former is, ‘* most Nye a ies of Frasera.” The fact is, the genus a ‘an American genus; and was named ay in honour of John Henry Fraser, a botanist, who has intro- — duced into many of our plants, and cultivated — ‘them there. ‘specific name, is in honour of Walter, who wrote is — Flora of Carolina. There is no other — Species; a © menispermum palmatus, which, to a cer- “tainty yields the foreign Calumba, is no way allied to the ; genus. Neither are any of the plants supposed (during the uncertainty of the botanical history of Calum- ba,) to produce that root, in any manner allied to Frasera. No, 274,—Fraxinus Ornus. The flowering Ash. Cl. 23. Ord. 2. Polygamia Diacia. Nat. ord. Sepiarie, Linn. Jasmine, Juss. 3 y Orricrnat, Manna_.of all the Colleges. they use it as we do ne peeny in their dishes ia.) Many other ve- getables produce manna, which is nothing more than a purgative sugar, Manna exudes from th inus.. Orns spontaneously; from the stems and branches, in warm dry weather. Most of what is found in commerce, however, is — obtained by incisions, on one side of the tree only in the same season, from the trunk upwards, as far as the branches, at the distance of an inch asunder. ‘The different sorts are which its taste and other pr tic soluble in water and alcohol. ewe Menicat Properties ann Uszs. Laxative—generally used for children and weakly persons, and to augment the effi- cacy of senna. It may be combined with castor oil, by means of muci and thus forms an excellent infantile cathartic. Dose for children, from 3} to Ziij in warm milk. Combined with senna for adults, 3ss to 3ij senna, and half — boiling water—a couple of table-spoonfuls every half ur. Ovrre. Par. Confettio Cassie. L. E.D. Enema Cathart. D. £nema fetid. D, Syrupus Senne. D. “ 136 - FUC—FUC No, 275.—Fucus. Sea-wrack—sea-weed. GENUS FUCUS.—Many species. Cryptogamia Class— Onver 1. ./ge—Sea-weeds. Approach to animal nature, _ by containing much nitrogen ; none of them are poisonous. On incineration yield kelp; the mother waters, as they are of kelp, contain iodine.—The following species of Fucus yield kelp, and consequently iodine :— 1, Fucus Saccharinus. Sweet Fucus. Washed in warm wa- ter and hung up, a saccharine substance exudes from it; some eat it without washing. 2. Fucus ge Sea-girdle, and hangers. Contain a nu- ee jelly, more or less saccharine, eaten by man and east. : 3, Fucus serratus. Used with No. 4, to make the vegetable 4£thiops of the shops, by burning to a charcoal. 4, Fucus vesiculostis. Also called, Quercus marina, or Sea- _ @ak. Bladderwrack; used as No, 3. 7. Fucus nodosus. 8, Fucus palmatus. Dulse. Dills. Dulesh. Eaten either raw or boiled, or dried ; but is very tough. Much esteemed in Ireland, with No. 9, which is often confounded with it. 9. Fucus edulis. ‘Red, Dulse. Eaten while raw, also after being pinched with hot irons, in which case it tastes like roasted oysters. A red-lake pigment is prepared from it. 10. Fucus rubens. 11. Fucus cartilagineus. 12, Fucus membranaceus. 13. Fucus filamentosus. 14. Fucus esculentus 15. Fucus teres Daberlocks ; eaten in Scotland. 16. Fucus fimbriatus ; : 47. Fucus pinnatifidus. Pepper-Dulse. Biting aromatic taste ; eaten as a salad. 18. Fucus natans, 19, Fucus ba ccifi tein, ¢ Gulph weed. Eaten raw as a sallad; also pickled as samphire; it is -aperient, diuretic; and antiscorbutic. Todine is obtained also from the kelp of the following sea plants of the genus Ulea, belonging also to order Ist Alge, viz. ez 1. Ulea pavonie. -FUC—FUC_ 157 2. Ulva umbilicalis. Shield Layer. Esculent, but requires baking for some hours, to render it eatable. = 3. Ulva linza. 4. Ulva latissima. Iceland sea-grass. 5. Ulva lactuea. Called also Lichen marinus ;—Oyster-green; attached to salt water oysters. Refrigerant ; also nutritive. Iodine has also been obtained by Dr. Fyfe, and Mr. Straub, of Hofwyl, from the sea-plant we call sponge, or i officinalis. Burnt sponge had long been efficiently em- ployed in goitre and other similar glaudular enlargements, _ efore the discovery of iodine. It does not yield it large- ‘ly; probably contains other principles besides. Iodine is a simple body, discovered in 1813, by Mons. Courtois, in the mother water of soda, as obtained from the different plants enumerated. The name is derived from . the Greek word sadie, on account of ‘the blue or violet colour of its vapour. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 310. Meprcat Prorertres ann Uszs. Is solid at the ordinary temperature, in the form of small greyish crystals, which resemble plumbago; has little tenacity. It fuses at 338° F, yolatilizes at 347° F.; forming a beautiful violet-coloured vapour, called violaceous AInclosed in a receiver, this becomes re-condensed into crystalline scales, or into jodine again ; is soluble with alcohol and ether ; the tr. for medical use is made with alcohol; water dissolves only the seven thousandth part. It forms acids with hydrogen (Hydriodic acid) and oxygene, (iodic acid). Has great — affinity for hydrogen, uniting with it ina gaseous state, — when the temperature is elevated, and takes it from other bodies greedily. This hydriodic acid, is rapidly absorbed by water, and largely dissolved in it; gives Gut white fumes on throwing it in the air, uniting with its aqueous vapour; forms neutral salts, with many bases—as hydriodate of potash, with that salt, (much used in medicine )—Hydrio- — date of soda, with that salt ; this also has been medici used. Lodine corrodes metals quickly, and hydriodic on ty which is a colourless gas, reddens tr. of turnsole, and ex. © tinguishes flame. Mode of uring Iodine.—It exists in the mother waters, ee econ of soda, from Fuci, reduced to kelp, by burning, in the state of hydriodate of potash ; after the Fuci, which grow abundantly on the sea-shore of Normandy, are incinerated, the ashes are lixiviated, and the liquor concentrated, To procure the iodine, an excess of sulphuric acid is added to these waters, and the liquor Same 4 boiled in a glass retort to which a receiver is attached. The decomposition which results, by the union 02 ¢, ¥ it the sulph. acid with the potash of the hydriodate, and “~~ with the hydrogen of the hydriodie acid, produces vitrio- _- ated tartar, water, sulphureous acid, and iodine. The __ jodine enters the receiver in a violet gas, along with a Little acid, and is there condensed. It is subjected to 2 oe purification, by re-distillation with water containing some oe ariee : The preparations are : 1. Iodate of potash ; 2. Hydriodate of potash; 3. Hydriodate of soda; 4. Solution of hydriodate of ; 5. Tincture of iodine; 6. Ointment of hydrio- ' date of potash; 7. In substance, seldom so used. Coindet of Geneva, first introduced this article into the materia medica. He recommends it as a powerful emmenagogue, for the cure of Bronchocele and Scrophula; Gimele has employed it in chronic leucorrhcea; Coster, of Paris, has used it successfully, in goitre; for the restoration of suppressed catamenia ; to produce this flux, when retained - beyond the proper age ; and to destroy a predisposition to scrofulous phthisis, to remove glandular congestions, of a cancerous or syphilitic character, for scrotulous ophthalmia and venereal ulcers, (in 1823) Rickwood cured 4 cases of goitre with it; Mr. Callaway, surgeon, London, has cured several cases of scrofulous enlargements of glands of mesentery, with the tr. of iodine ; dose of tr. 10 drops 3 times a day, increased to 20; ten drops contain one grain of iodine. , Iodine is also contained in the following sea-plants, viz : Ord. 1. Adige. Cl. Cryptogamia. 1. Corallina officinahs. Corallina. Coralline. Sea-moss. It is vermifuge, 3ss to 3j in coarse powder. 2. Conferva rupestris; called also Muscus marinus. Sea- moss. Refrigerant; used by the ancients, externally, in gout. 3. Conferva Egagropila. Moor-balls, found at the bottom of salt water lakes; used to wipe pens. 4, Tremella Nostoch. Nostoch. N. commune. Star-shoot; @ ge jelly, found in the sea; eatable. Infused in randy, to produce disgust of that liquor, in those who drink it. i 5, Mousse de Corse. Mousse de mer. Sea-wrack; Helminthocor- ton. Under these names, are embraced several sea-plants, ~ and all found in commerce, or the drug stores of Europe, “mixed in one mass, generally called Hedminthocorton. \t is used as a vermifuge, and has great celebrity in Germany and France. The ¥ ve ed which Helminthocorton consists are: 1. Fucus Helminthocorton ; 2. i lo dichotoma; ——— 4. Conferva albida ; 5. Conferva Coralliina officinahs; 7. Fucus purpureus ; 8 Fucus plumosus; es: a the others;) 9. Ulva clavata; 10. U ferent species of Ceramia, and other foreign su stances, which the fishermen raise with it, and which are difficultly Separated. All these plants are geficulated thread-like Alger, and being mixed with the Fucus Helminthocorton, account for its different effects. Helminthocorton | been used from time immemorial, by the inhabitants of Corsica, as an anthelmintic. When that island was re- united to France in 1775, the medical officers of the military hospital of Ajaccio, communicated the knowledge of the virtues of this plant to France, whence it spread — gradually throughout Europe; the Germans rely on it. Dose, in powder, 18 grains, to infants under 7 years; 3ss to 3jss to those past that age—in decoction 40z. to 6oz- water—also in syrup. sie No. 276.—Futico Licni. Wood-Soot. A tea made of this substance, is an old remedy. “ Soot-tea,’* Dr. Chapman says, ‘is used with advantage in flatulent colics of new born infants, and sometimes not less so in spasmodic affections of the stomach, in adults.” I really re- gret, that Dr. C. should have introduced this disgusting tea into his book—Can any thing be more repugnant to our ideas of the delicacy of a new born babe’s digestive func- tions, than to subject it, among its first subjects for action, to such trash? Besides this, it contains sulphate of ammo- nia, and is bitter—therefore totally unfit for such a pur- pose. Ihave noticed the subject, purely to drive it your practice. Equally repulsive to my ideas of a medicine, is the mixture of soot and hickory ashes, of which he recommends a hot infusion for dyspepsia at- tended with acidity and spasms. Surely our materia Medica is not so meagre as to oblige us to resort to such substances, by quarts and gallons, (as mentioned in the formula, of Dr. C.) And to assert, as he does, that this mixture is more useful than other alkaline mixtures, is really what the profession cannot bear him out in arse. I trust cobwebs, soot, and ashes, at least in their cru states, will be left out of the next edition of Dr. Chap- man’s work—though I have no’ doubt these substances, chemically refined, might be found worthy of notice. It __ is the coarse and empirical aspect of the article in Dr. C.’s _ book, which I object to, G. No, 277.—Gatanc# Rapix. See Kempferia and : Maranta. i se 160: GAL—GEN No. 278.—Garsanum, and GaLBAnt Guat Re- sina. See No. 121. No. 279.—Gatiz. Galls—gall-nuts. See Quercus. _No. 280.—GamBocta. See Staligmitis. No. 281.—GAuLTHERIA PROCUMBENS. Phar, U. S. _Partridge-berry—mountain tea. gee W. P. C. Barton’s Veg. Mat. Med. U.S. Vol. L Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 311—figure of the plant, _ No. 312. ‘No. 282.—GenTiana. Gentian. Cl. 5. Ord. 2. Pentandria Digynia. Nat. ord. Rotacex, Linn. Gentianex, Juss. Corolla 1-petalled. Capsule 2-valved, 1-celled; with 2 longi- = nal receptacles. 14 Species medicinal— 1. Gentiana Lutea. Yellow Gentian. 2. Gentiana Saponaria. Indigenous. See W. P. C. Barton’s Flora of North America, Vol. Ill. plate 79. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. $13—figure of the plant, No, 314. 3. Gentiana Catesbexi. Phar. U. 8. Indigenous. 4. Gentiana Ochroleuca. Indigenous. See W. P. C. Barton’s Comp. FI. Phil. Vol. 1 Cabinet specimen, Jeff. ‘Coll No. 315—figure of the plant, “No. 316. -&. Gentiana Crinita. Indigenous. See W. P. C. Barton’s Flora of North America, Vol. III. plate 80. 6. Gentiana Verna—Gentianella Verna. Herb very bitter. 7. Gentiana Autumnalis—Gentiana Amarella, Fellwort— also bitter. 8. Gentiana Cruciata. Antiseptic, bitter. 9. Gentiana Rubra. A bitter tonic, used in Germany. 10. Gentiana Purpurea. A bitter tonic, used in Norway. 11. Gentiana Campestris. Root bitter, tonic. 12. Gentiona Peruviana—Cachen. Root bitter, 13. Gentiana Pnewmonanthe. Calathian violet. Marsh Gen- tian. Less active thati most of the others, but bitter. : fas Gentiana Grundiflora—Gentiana Acaulis. Very bitter. _ The whoie is characterized by bitt and in dif- fc pute fe world used as pote "The indigenous ‘ GEN—GEN _ 161 species would form excellent subjects for an inaugural dissertation. They doubtless will be found to contain the active principle discovered in Gentiana Lutea—viz. Gentia. No. 283.—GeEnTIANA LUTEA. Yellow Gentian. Orrictnat. Gentiane, radix. Lond. Gentiane Lutex, radix. - Edin. Gentiana, radiz. Dub. Gentian root. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 317—figure of the plant, No. 318. This genus takes its name from Gentius, king of Myria, its discoverer, who was vanquished by Anichus, the Roman pretor, A. U. 585, i. e. A, C. 167, Native of Switzerland and Austria, the ppenines, the . renees, but of no part of the United —I doubt if for Ss any part of North America, as stated by Mr. A. T. Thomp- son. : Qvauities. Wrinkled pieces, 0 of various lengths and thick- ness ; taste intensely bitter, without being nauseous; cut transversely, the roots are yellowish and maculated, with a thick brown bark. The sensible qualities are extracted by alcohol, ether, and water—the two first extract a resin and bitter extractive matter—the water, some part of these, orm a good deal of dleshot which causes the infusion to be ropy._Diluted_ is the proper mensivuuti, im the bitter extractive, the virtues reside. Yields Gentia. Mepicat Prorertizs anp Uszs. Tonic and stomachic—its use of very ancient date. Used in dyspepsia, hysteria, and in all cases where a vegetable tonic bitter may be indicat- ed. Dose, in substance, grs. x to 3}. Orric. Pree. Extractum Gentianz. L. E.D. & U.S. Infu- sum Gentianz comp. L. E. D. & U.S. Tinel. Gentiane comp. L. E. D. inum Gentianze comp. E. ee Brodum’s Nervous Cordial consists of the tine tian, Calumba, Cardamom, and — : lavender, and wine of iron. Sz i : ture of Gentian, with the addition of setpeRalag, Grange. p¢el, Cardamom, and some other aromatics. No. 284.—Gentra. (Has been called Gentianina.) _ Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 519. A sub-alkaline proximate principle of the preceding—disco- vered in it simultaneously, though ° previous con- cert, by M. Henry and M. Cavent analysis of the root shows it to contain— — 1. A very fugacious odorous: asl 2. A yellow crystalline bitter f 3. A matter identical with bi 162 | GEO—GEG 4, 5. 6. A free ic acid. _ £5 inorvetalicate sugar, 8. Gum, 9. A yellow colouring matter. 10. Woody fibre. Sage eee Schroeder discovered a resinous and narcotic principle in it, and Mr. Planche found the latter. of boiling mercury, is and. subs - imed in ielioe crystalline needles. Gentia do : ao sen- sibly c the eae turnsole, either when blue or ‘when reddened by acids. Appears to be neutral Not jeonous, : Mevicat Prorenties axp Uszs. A concentrated bitter to- nic. A tincture of 5 grains to the ounce has been proposed _as the best form of exhibition. A syrup of 15 grains to the tb of syrup, is said togbe a good bitter, in scrofulous cases. _~ 4 Deserves further trial; and I trust some intelligent candi- ~ date will write an inaugural dissertation on it. ~ No. 285.—Grorrroya INERMIS. The Cabbage tree. Orricinat. Geoffroya inermis, cortex. Edin. Geoffroyx, cor- fez. Dub. Cabbage tree bark. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 320—figure of the tree, No. 321. A lofty tree, native of Jamaica, growing in savannahs. - QUALITIES. Disagreeable, sweetish, mucilaginous taste. The — pieces in commerce externally grey, internally black, fur- rowed, pulverulent, yielding a powder resembling that of jalap. Its soluble components are chiefiy mucus, resin, extractive, saccharine matter, and a narcotic principle. Meptcat Prorsrtizs axp Usxs. Cathartic and narcotic— x uted powerfully anthelmintic, for lumbrici, according Dr. Wright. It is said to have been first noticed for © GER—GIL 163 this property by Mr, Peter Duguid. May be given in pow- der, decoction, extract, and syrup—the decoction most used. Must be given at first in small doses, gradually in- creased till nausea be excited; in over-doses, occasions sickness, vomiting, fever, and delirium. Owing to its de- leterious effects, it has not been much employed. Dose, of the powder, }j to 3ss—of the extract, (which is made by evaporating the decoction,) grs. iij. Dose of the syrup, (which is the decoction, with a double portion of sugar added,) from 2 to 4 spoonfuls. Orric. Prev. Decoctum Geoffroye inermis. E. No. 286.—GERANIUM MACULATUM. Spotted crane’s- bill, Crowfoot Geranium. Orricinat. Radix. U.S. The root. Astringent. Dose, 38s of the powder—f3ij of the tincture— £3j to fZij of the decoction and infusion—grs, x of the — extract. a For a detailed account, see W. P. C. Barton’s Veg. Mat. Med. U.S. Vol. I. and Ives’ ed. Paris’s Pharm. Vol. Il. Se ene Jeff. Coll. No. 322—figure of the plant, ~" No. 287.—Geum. Avens. Cl.12. Ord. 8. Icosandria Polygynia. Nat. ord. Senticosz Linn. osacex, Juss. are Two species medicinal— ah 1. Geum Urbanum. Common Avens, or Herb Bennet. Orricivat. Hadiz. The root. Dub, Astringent, tonic, antiseptic. Dose, of the j, four times a day—of the decoction, of the tincture, f3ss, properly diluted, 3 Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 32: No, 325. 2. Geum Rivale. Water Avens. Radix. Phar. U. S. : No. 288.—GiLLENIA > ogg Indian physic. — STrPuLACEA,$ Bowman’s root Cabinet specimens, Jeff. Coll. Nos. 326 and 327—figures of the plants, Nos. 328 and 329. Emetic. For detailed account of both, see W. P. C. Bar- ton’s Veg. Mat. Med. U.S, Vol.I. and Iyes’ ed. Paris's Pharm. | GLY—GUA No. 289.—GLycYRRHIZA GLABRA. Common Li- ~ * quorice. es ae a ss Orrrernat. Glycyrrhize, radix. Lond. Dub. Glycyrrhiza, radix et extractum. Edin. & U.S. Liquorice-root, and the — Ss extract. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 330—figure of the plant, — _ No.33l. < oak 2 . Qualities and uses well known—they depend on a peculiar modification of saccharine matter (Glycion,) allied to sar- Orric. Prer. Extractum Glycyrrhize. L.E.D. & U.S. Decocium Sarsaparille comp. L. D. Infusum lini. L. Con- fectio Sennz. L. E. No. 290.—-Granatt Cortex. Punica granatum Pomorum Cortex. Pomegranate bark. See __ Punica. = No. 291.—Gratioia OFFICINALIS, Hedge hyssop. rs Herba, of the European Colleges. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 332—figure of the plant, No, 333. Cathartic, diuretic, and emetic—used on the continent of Europe, but notin U.S. Dose, in powder, grs. xv to 3ss— of the infusion, made with 3ij of the dried herb, and Oss of warm water, from f Ziv to f3j—3 times a day. No. 292.—GualacuM OFFICINALE. Officinal Guai- acum. Ovrictnat. Guaiaci resina et lignum. Lond. Guaiaci officina- — lis Lignum-resina. Edin. Guaiacum; Lignum, gummi- resina. Dub. The wood and resin of guaiacum. jact Lignum et Guaiaci resina. Guaiacum wood, called Lignum viix, and resin of Guaiacum. U.S. ~ Fh he Cabinet specimens, Jeff. Coll. Nos. 334, 335, and 336—_ figure of the plant, No. 337.0 A tree forty feet high—native of Jamaica, and South Ame- rica. : tie, nee HED—H£M 165 hard and condensated, if left in the bottle long undis- - turbed. Melts by heat, sp. gr. 1.2289. Water dissolves out of it, 9 per cent. of extractive matter—aleohol 95, and ether 40 parts ina hundred. The alkaline solutions, and their carbonates, readily dissolve it. lphuric acid dissolves it, with but little effervescence——the solution heing of arich claret colour. Nitric acid dissolves it, with a copious extrication of nitrous fumes. Muriatic acid dis- solves but little of it; in all these cases, the guaiacis de- composed. Mr. Hatchett has proved by experiments, thatit is not a gum nor a gum-resin, but a substance sui generis. Mepicat Prorrrtizs axp Uses. Stimulating, diaphoretic, — diuretic; in large doses, purgative. May be given in @ bolus, or diffused in water, by means of 4 its own weight of gum Arabic. Dose, grs. x to ss. The ammoniated tinct. is Dewees’s emmenagogue. Is sometimes adulterated with common resin, which may be detected by the turpentine emitted, when the guaiac is thrown on hot coals—sometimes with manchinal gum, which may be discovered by adding to the tincture a few drops of sweet spirit of nitre, and diluting with water— the guaiac is thts precipitated, and the sophisticati article flows in white striz, Orric. Pree. Mistura Guaiac. L. Tinet. Guaiac. L. E. D. &U.S. Tinct. Guaiac. Ammoniat. L. E. D. & U.S. Pulv. iloes Comp. L. D. H. No. 293.—Herproma Pueciorpes. American Pen- = "No. nyroyal. , See W. P. C. Barton’s Veg. Mat. Mcd. U.S. Vol. I. Cle specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 338—figure of the plant, 294.—Hamatoxyion C AMpPEcHIANUM. The logwood tree. ie es Orricinat. Hematoxyli lignum. L. E. D. & U. 8. Logwood. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 340.—figure of the tree, No. 341. spe . This tree is a native of South Amcrica, attaining to great perfection at Campeachy, in the Bay of Hondaras. intro- ~. VOL. 11.” ge P duced into Jamaica, in 1715 ; and, from its rapid growth, ~ now grows abundantly there, so as to incommode the land- holders, in the neighbourhood of Savannah lx Mar. Qvazitizs. Appearance well known—taste sweet and as- tringent, colour decp-red—yields Hematina. Mepicat Paorertiss anv Uses, An astringent—not very 166 ce ort -HEM—HEL e powerful—used in protracted dysentery, and diarrhoa— — used in extract and decoction—of the latter, 2 or 3 fluid ounces may be.taken frequently. Does not appear to be a useful medicine ; and in U. S. seldom employed. No, 295—Hematina. Hematine. Small brilliant crystals, of a reddish-white colour, and a ‘slightly astringent, bitter and acrid taste, discovered in the ~ analysis of the preceding, by Chevreul ; he called it hema- tin, to which, for uniformity of termination, I have added _ the terminal letter. Besides this principle, Chevreul’s ana- lysis proved that logwood contuins a volatile oil, tannin, | and two kinds of colouring matter, one of which is soluble both in water and alcohol—the other in alcohol only. Hematina has never been applied to medicine—an experi- mental thesis on it, would entitle the candidate for a de- gree, to credit. To obtain hematina, digest logwood rasp- iv water, at 125° F, filter, and evaporate to dryness. ~ Digest the residue for a whole day in alcohol of sp. gr. 0.837, filter and concentrate by evaporation; then add a small portion of water, evaporate a little farther, and leave it to itself—crystals of hemutina are formed in abundance. No. 296.—HELLEBORUS ALBUS. White Hellebore, the root of Veratrum album, which see. No. 297.—Hetieporus. Cl. 13, Ord. 6. Polygamia Polygynia. Nat. ord. Multisili- — quz, Linn. Ranuneulacex, jon 4 Two species medicinal— 1. Helleborus Niger. Black Hellebore. ' 2. Helleborus i wtidus. Stinking or fetid Hellebore. No. 298..—HeELLEBorus FHTIDUS. .. The: leaves== 4 Bears-foot—Stinking Hellebore, Setter- — wort, Synonym—Helleboraster, Pharm. 1.ond. 2 a Jeff. Coll. No. 342—figure of the plant, ” 0. 343. Root — beset with numerous dark slender fibres—peren- mal. ee | HEL— 167 Flowers numerous, terminal, pendant, gobore, ‘i Bice peduncles, furming a kind of umbel. Petals 5, oval, con- cave, persistent, pale-green, margins tinged with purple ; Stamens the length of the petals; anthers white; 3, hairy, resembling those of Helleborus niger. A native of England. Flowers about March. Mepicat Prorentries anp Uses. Smell of the recent plant, extremely fetid, taste bitter, acrid, excoriates the mouth and fauces ; commonly operates as a cathartic, sometimes as an emetic ; in large doses, very deleterious, Asan anthelmintic—affeeting the round worms ; Bissett considers it the best medicine for this purpose ; a decoction of a dram of the green leaves, or 15 grains of dried, in powder, to children between 4 and 7 years; proves some- what emetic, and purges. Repeated 2 or 3 successive ‘ mornings—Used also in form of syrup with coarse sugar, and bruised green leaves, moistened with vinegar; a tea spoonful the dose to children between 2 and 6 years—tr. of Rhub. used after it, if it does not purge. HELLEBORUS TRIFOLIUS, (of Dyckman’s ed. of Edin. Disp.) is not properly referred to the genus Helleborus. It is the Coptis trefolia, (which see)—or Gold-thread, of the Pharm. of the U. S.—of Bigelow and Barton’s Med. _ Botany,.and of some of the dispensatories. It is an anti- septic bitter, possessing some astringency ; + native of the white mountains of New-Hampshire and other parts of where it is much used, in aphthous affec- en. GER, OR Mak4mrgDrvx. Ra a Synonyms—Helleborus niger ites (Clusius.) : - Helleborus niger flore roseo. (Bauhin.) Helleborus niger verus. ( Gerard.) : om Orrrerat. Hellebori nigri, radix. Lond. Hellebori nigri, _ radix—{ Melampodium) radix. Dub. The moot of os scope : Hellebore. Helleborus niger, radix, U.S, fia Cabinet spears Jeff. Coll. No. 344—figure the plant, No, 345 Root ae rough, knotted or gibbous, externally black- ish, internally yellow, sending off ‘many. MON round, long fibres. — ; Pea erect, round, tapering andtovards the bottom emarginated segments. Petals 5, large, sub-rotund, sprea@- = ~ ing, at first white, afterwards reddish, and finally becom- ing greenish. Nectaries about 8, tubulated, slightly com- pressed, bilabiated, greenish yellow. Filaments white, anthers yellow; germens from 4 to 8; seeds shining, blackish, numerous. Leaves compound, or rather pedate simple ; all radical, on long petioles. Folioles elliptical, smooth, thick, and ser- rated towards apex. Often vary to the lanceolate form. Native of Austria and Italy; first cultivated in England, by - Gerard, in 1596; flowers, in mild seasons, in January. In - the U. States, not before May or April. Whether this be the EaasGegee weazc and Meazercduy, of the Grecks, and the helleborus; Elleboras; veratrum, of the Latins, cannot now be certainly determined. Melampo- dium, is supposed to be derived from Melampus, an an- _cient physician, who used it in mania, as an ulterative purge. The following plants have been ignorantly sub- stituted for this, in Europe, viz: helleborus viridis. Adonis autumnclis; Trollius EB ; Actea spiecta; Astruntia major; and Aconitum Nospelas-in the United States, the Cimeifuga serpentaria ; allthesé possess different proper- : ties from the true black Hellebore. The internal part of the fibres of Cimicifuga serpentaria are white, not yellow, by which it may be distinguished from the Hellchores . which is nt found in commerce, twisted or plated by its fibres, 28 0 ae ee Ba Qvuauities. Taste of fresh root bitterish, somewhat acrid; and according to Grew, retained in the mouth some time after chewing, affects the tongue with paralysis—giving the sensation as if the mouth and tongue were scalded. It emits a nauseous acrid smell; its sensible properties and medicinal] activity, are diminished by keeping. Bergius says, recent it is poisonous, rubifacient, vesicating ; re- cently dried, emmenagogue, purgative, sternutatory ; long kept, slightly purgative, alterative, diuretic. Mepicat Prorentirs anp Uses. Employed in Europe. chiefly as an alterative, and there, as well as in the U. States, the tincture of the root (tr. Melampodii) is much used as an efficacious emmenagogue. It is, for this put- pose, powerful and effective. Dose, from Mxyv to 3) Or Zjss. _- The root has been used in dropsies; in lepra Grecorum. The » Watery extract is the best formula—contains both the wurgative and diuretic properties. Dose grs. 10 to BJ. Fhis species is not considered by Willdenow, the Helle- _ ore of the ancients—which he thinks is the Helleberus » or Anticyran Hellebore. ilensc Pnep.- Tisilirn Hellebori nig. L Extractm Hellebori nigri.E. De No. 300.— HELMiInrHocorton—See No. 301.—HrracLeum CuMMIFERUM. Gum-bear- : ing Heracleum. €l. 5. Ord. 2.- Pentandria Digynia. Nat. ord. “Umbellaee P Orrrersan. | Heracleum Gummiferum—Gummi resina. ~ $, Ammoniacum. Ammoniacum. L. E, D. Ammoniac. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Col. Sen ientgs of the plant, - oO. 2 — : : : 7 ‘ roe Native of Africa and East tind § 10 feet high _ the fennel eae The juice exudes from pune in the plant, by the horned beetle—and from incisions made into it, from which it is allowed to drop on the ~ ground, and harden in the sun and air. This is ammoniac; the best comes from the E. Indies, in large masses, com- posed of fragments, or tears united together; or in dry tears separated from each other, which is generally con-_ ' sidered a sign of its. goodness.” These tears are yellow: without—white within. i Qvuaniries. Hasa seeatinny faint, but not cease smells : a bitter nauseous sweet taste. Specific gravity, 1.207- is adhesive in the hand; softens by heat, but does not melt; partially soluble in water, ether, alcohol, vinegar, — and solutions. of alcohol; tritutated with water, a miky ; hich is a solution of gum, holding the’ ed Lacammoniac. Ammoniacum — gow volatile mater, aie MEDICAL provknaies AND » Vers. -Antis this and its stimulating and some diaphore pectorant. In large doses, purgative ; may be giv ni lution, in pills with bitter.extracts, myith, and other gum- resins; rubbed with camphor, a mass | $ quick suitable for pills; may be combined with ~ squills, asss and pares 3 vine _ 80 that it ean be anhteont D st umbelliferous silantatial nous te , the vi be umbels, the seeds, and dried leaves, ex delicious: LE recommend this plint asa - bject ee an inaugural dissertation—belicving i it, will re- r% or for any analysis he may bestow on it. ( cubtes ear ay a guin-resin, similar to ammoniacum— W. P. C. Barto Comp. Fl. Phil. Vol. 1. p. 139. Oo MEDICINALIS. The Leech, . raws about f3ss of blood. This may be Coast a the fair average—some few drawing more, and some few less. It is requisite to remember this, that the blood to be evacuated may be gauged. These remarks have re- : ‘rence to the European leech—the American leech is @ Variety, if not a different species; and neither an orifice in phe st nor abseet. so large Ree Yo. 304,—Ho} UM DIsTICHON. sins we ei Oresersat Hordei semina, Lond. Hordeum Dub, Hordei disticht, semina. Edin. Barley. Elon 2a deum dicho, semina decorticata. U.S. Barley, the seeds 4 Sabine cognates oe Coll. No. 348, liege nine es “4 The U.S. the seeds of barley in their natural state, implied by the names of the foreign Colleges, being the preparation res - -cognised i in the Materia Medica. i ct restorative dietetic, of great value. ~Orrte. Prev. Deécoctum Horde. L. EB. D. & U.S. _Deeoetum Hordei comp. L. D. & U.S. No. 305 305.—Humuius Lurutus, The — Nats Ica Seabridee, ‘ sired Strobili. Lond. Dub. & U. §.. The* i P (strobili siccat 4, Paris’s Pharm. )—for hich I would epeac' to substitute core ) Humulus Lupulus ; Tapula Strobili iccati. resin= ae product | of copes of hop. ‘ ig eciinen, Jef. Coll. No, $49—fgure of the plas «* and ether, extmet mde virtues—coc sipates © aroma. Cold infusion more eee hee ‘the warn colour is deepened by alkalies, and rendered : the mineral acids; metallic salts decompose it. Mepicat Prorenties anv Uses. Tonic, OR say, diuretic. Hop tea is a weak, tranquilizing 9 10K uniting some degree of tonic effect in its operation. — character of hops, as a medicine, has been driven wards and forwards like a shuttlecock between | - dores. It has not fallen to the ground, but has length suffered to lay on the table, where T found i vated to about that height from the g cht have designated above. I cannot, with 3 express any surprise, ‘* that the . adopted it in their fist of Materia Medica.” as a fomentation, i in infusion, tincture, and extract—(a’ surd in form of powder.) Dose of infusion, made with Zee" of hops, and 0} of boiling water, fZiss, with Sss cimna- mon water, twice or thrice a day—of the tinet es £2 to fZj, twice or thrice a dgy—in mania @ pote ee @rric. Prev. Extractum Humuli. L. Le Humuli Ba EB. & Us §; LUPULA. Lama: The resinous natural product found between the squame of or the hop-cones, chiefly at their base, where it —— to be the secretion of the nectaries Aen! the 1s Lupulin, a term a the proximate a of vegetables, mical analysis. This being the proximate » Natu- vally pr oduced, of the hop-cones, [ have modified this name . for uniformity with the “penult syllables of the proximate _ principles, which are now made to end in @and Dr. Bani shad observed, that the fragrance and oo ta pro- erties of the hop resided in this resinous s _his observations were published, | ie ap — by a series of i es and the | leaves of the sc ea Cha we apts of ew nae re cones of the French hop : ter, soluble in boiling water, — on cooling, does not /SHAHAY Th Odo tl , but much more penctrat- 9 Narcotic, and very acrid in the throat. It is soluble to extent in water, and very volatile. Dr. Desroches, An essay on the hop, in 1803. He referred the ¢, to this oil. Dr. Ives imagines, it resides in extract. About 150 pounds of hops yield, € Dr. Ives's experience of th wipe sca act - HUM—HYD 4173 {think it decidedly preferable to any of the officinal or common preparations of hop. The dose, however, spe- cified by Dr. Ives, | found much too small. I gave it in 6 and 10 grains at a time, several times a day ; and have ad- ministered in mania a potu scruple doses, often repeated. I did not use any preparation, of the native product; neither can I perceive any better form of internal exhibi- tion, than that of pure Lupula. There are few physici- ans in this city, who have used this product—none so ex- tensively as myself, both in public, private, and charity practice ; and Iam of opinion, that its peculiar effect of giving tone to the system, inducing ane oe in diseases of great irritation of the nervous system, a Appa. sometimes, but not often, a renovating sleep, without even affecting the head—should entitle it to more notice, and more frequent exhibition. Of its powel rn plied, I know nothing from experienc Dr. (Pharmacopzia Ruthenica, ) recommends an ointment pre- pared with the powdered hops, and lard, as a remedy for cancer—to be used in the last stage of the disease, to assuage agony which other remedies could not moderate. Dr. Ives very justly proposes to substitute an ointment of 1 part of Lupula, and 3 of fresh lard, for that of Freack. Orric. Prev. proposed—(for the mode of preparing which, see Paris’s phan by Ives.) Tinetura Luck. lication Unguentum Lupule. Lupulx. Syrupus Lupule. No. 306.—Hyprarcyrum and Hyprareyrus, of the Colleges—Mercury, or Quicksilver. Not applied, in its metallic state, to medical purposes— though it has occasionally been ‘given internally, to over- come ileus by its mechanical weight. The salis formed with it are numerous, and among the most important of Materia Medica. ne ee on Orrictvat PREPARATIONS. i. By — to purify the metal. 1. Hydrargyrum purificatum, L. E. D. & U.S. IL By Gicanten: (suboxidized.) a. With aniunal fat : iis . Unguentum hydrargyri fortius. L. Ung. hydrargyri, D. s: hydrargyri, E. & U. S.* : : mitius, L. 4, _ §. Linimentum hydrargyri, L. 6. Emplastrum ammoniaci eum rh ee L. D. hydragyri, L. E. & U.S. - }. With saccharine substances. : 7. Pilule hydrargyri, L. B.D. & U. 8. 174 HYD—HYD ¢. With carbonate of lime. — : d. With care of magnet” sat : a 1 By the acon it as iad hydrargyri, D. "es cae i Subsulphas hye i flavus, E. & U.S, Oxydum i m, D. 5. With nitric acid; (suboxidized.) 12. Unguentum rargyri nitratis, L. E. Unguentum _supernitratis hydrergyri, D. 13. Unguentum nitrats hydrargyri mitius, E. & U.S. ES oxidized. ) 14. Hydrargyri nitrico-oxy acydum, L. & U. 8. Oxydum hy- drargyri rubrum per acidum nitricum, E. Oxydum hy- 15. Ung estar 15. tum hydrargyri pee oe AL. & U.S. Un- “> “nitrate liydrarpyets ye » E. Unguentum su ¢. With muriatic acid. T sublimated ; (oaidized.) 16. Hydrargyri gerbe L.& U.S. Submurias hydrar- &yri mitis, F. Submurias hydr i sublimatum, D. 17. Pilulee hydrargyri submuriatio, Fo : 18. Oxymurlee Ipverppe ie eee ydrar . Urias ar: = &ULS.. ras 2 : rt anveneur E. "Murier hyocrgyra corrosivum, D. = 19. Liquor hydrargyri oxymuriatis, L. & U.S. Precipitated ; (oxidized. ) 20. Submurias hydrargyri precipitatus, E. D. d. With aeetous aia (uboridized.) 21. Acetis hydrargyri, E. Acetas hydrargyri, D, V. By precipitation with earths and alkalies from acid solutions. a. By lime-water from the nitric solution ; (suboxidized. ) 22. Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum, L. & U.S. b. By ammonia from the nitric solution ; (subovidized. ) 23. Oxydum hydrargyri cinereum, E. Pulvis hydrargyri cinereus, D. ; ¢. By ammonia from the muriatic solution ; (oxidized. ) 24. Submurias hydrargyri ammoniatum, D. & U. 8. Hy- __ drargyrus precipitatus albus, L. 25. Unguestum submuriatis hydrargyri_ ammoniati, D. & U.S. Ung. hydrargyri precipitati albi, Le VI. Combined with sulphur, | ae seturations acta Phureium hydrargyri nigrum, B.D. & U.S. J, Stee eee 27. Hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum, L. D. & U.S. HYD—HYD ge No, 307. H DRARGYRI SUB-MURIAS AMMONIATUS, Uz. Ss. Ammoniated su mu riate of mercu- ry. Hydrargyrum precipitatum album. L. Sub-murias Hydrargyri ammoniatum. D. Formerly, white precipitate. _ Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No.351. | An impalpable snow-white powder, without taste. It is a triple compound, of the oxide of mercury 81, muriatic acid 16, ammonia 3 parts. Insoluble in water and alcohol; does not become black, when commingled with lime-water ; only used to make an ointment with lard. “ Orric. Prev. Ung. hydrargyri precipitati al No. 308.—HypDRARGYRUM CUM Crera. L — cury with chalk. Sra Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 352. It is quicksilver, slightly oxydized by rubbing it in a mortar with chalk: 3 grains contain one of mercury. Ts a mild antacid, and good preparation of mercury; has been used in cases of intractable syphilis. Dose, grs.v to 3ss. No. 309.—Hyprarerri Nireico-Oxypum. L. & U.S. Oxydum Hydrargyri rubrum per aci- dum Nitricum. D. Nitric oxyd of mercury, called Red Precipitate. . Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 353. _ An acrid corrosive substance, in small bright-red scales— taste acrid and corrosive—is a sub-nitrate of mercury— slightly soluble in water ; very soluble in nitric acid, with- out effervescence. Used externally. Orric. Prev. Unguentum hydrargyri nitrico-oxyd D.& U.S. ahaa Sophisticated with nimium, which may be detected by di- gesting it in acetic acid, and adding sulphuret of ammonia, which will throw down a dark-coloured precipitate. To be pure, it ought to be entirely volatilized by heat. L. E. No. 310.—Hyprarcyri Oxypum Cinerevo. L.E. & U.S. Pulvis Hydrargyri Cinereus. D. Grey oxide of mercury. _ Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. N An impalpable grey powder, 1 r, without taste, fading on expo- sure to air and light, As found in the shops, is a mixture of the triple salt, consisting of the oxide of mercury, am- “co. HYD—HYD . Monia, and nitric acid; properly prepared, is a protoxide of mercury. Preferred by Mr. Abernethy to the red sul- phuret, for purposes of fumigation, because it docs not yield any oppressive vapour. Saunders proposed it, in licu of Plenck’s remedy. Dose, gr. i to grs. iij, in pill, twice aday. Not much used in the United States. Orric. Prer. Unguentum oxyd. hydrarg. ciner. E. Formula— J Hydrargyn oxyd. cinerei, grs. xv Micz panis, 3j Mellis Ge 8. Make a mass, to be divided into 30 pills— dose, 1 or 2, three times a day. No. 311.—Hyprarcrri Oxypum rusrum. L. Ox- ydum Hydrargyri. D. Red oxyd of mer- — cury. (The precipitate per se of the old _ chemists.) Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Call. No. 355. John Hunter, Prescribed in venereal cases. When this pill did not affect — the mouth in a weck’s lapse, he repeated it mormng 4 evening. If experience proved that the patient’s mouth was not affected by the use of it, he increased it to two No. 312..—HypRARGYRI SULPHURETUM RUBRUM. 4 L.& U.S, Sulphuretum Hydrargyri rubrum. D. (Formerly Hydrargyrus suiphuretus ru- ber. P.L. 1817. Cinnabaris factitia, 1745-) Red sulphuret of mercury, (formerly Cin- - Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No, 356. : “ter, Ricoliok| 2 ae melted with “it. _sulphur wad one fa Bi - tion, 5ss. is thrown on red-hot iron, and. the f MPccky 2 progress. Pearson says, ¢ this inlgices does not s frictions with. mer. formerly much used in doses of grs. x. to Bs, ae an electuary or bolus, in cutaneous ‘gout, rheuma- _tism, worms, syphilis; now only used for its ‘vapour, for _ which purpose it is supposed not so good, as the oxide. This salt is known in commerce by the name of - vermilion, and is used as a pigment; giving a fiery, or in- — . tense orange-red hue,.to whatever is painted .with it—it- . is seldom sold unadulterated; red-lead, dragons-blood, and chalk, being commonly mixed | “argo some- times called cinnabar i in commerce : ’ consist of “cinnabar, sulphur, sulphate of lime,’ a _ tle vegetable matter, laps gum.” 313.—HyDRARGYRI SUB-SULPI : Sub-sulphas Hydrargyr sub-sulph cae of Mercury. ns 1 Dub. Sul, Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 357. ; o wate theese powder, inodorous, acrid BS trituration with mercury, is Pog ove Ss 2, and is decomposed ¢ > Sempel iven off, the metal reduce e E. & U. S. Black saphurce Ot mercury. e - (Hydrar, syrus cum sulphure. P. L. 1787-)— x eke thiops mineral. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 358. A black, impalpable, insinith inodorous powder, consisting _ of one proportion of mercury and one of sulphur; it is therefore a true sulphuret, but is changed into a bi-sulk — oS we being heated with access of air. Soluble en-— bm y in a solution of purée potass, from which the acids ba e it unchan Phe i insoluble in nitric acid. Sophis- eae with broey-bitek, which may be known by ; residue, after throwing the suspected preparation on red- _ hot iron; is sometimes mixed with equal parts of crude antimony. Is often imperfect, the globules of mer a . pre visible under a lens—equally imperfect, when It?) whitens gold, on which it is rubbed. Is supposed to be — ye in doses of gra, v. to 38s; nearly obsolete. - No. 315 Svovanupon’ ‘cum MAGNEsI4. Dub. Mercury with magnesia, Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No, 359. An absurd preparation—good for nothing. . 316,—Aceras Hyprarcyrti. Edin. Dub. A tate of mercury. inet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 360. y prepared, is in small flat crystals of argentine — ; acrid, soluble in hot water—hardly in ‘cold. — Insoluble i in alcohol; alkalies and heat decompose it; light : _ blackens it. Antisyphilitic, alterative ; dose gr. i. and morning; is the active ingredient, in Keyser’s ts. ii, in FZ ij of rose-water ; used in cutaneous affections. ‘a .—Hyprarcyrt oxy-munras. L, & U.S. “Hydrargyri corrosivus. E. D. Oxy- — muriate of mercury. Corrosive muriat mercury—called, corrosive sublimate. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 361. : ‘stalline mass, of small. prismatic e li at ie cy Mevican PropeRTigs AND ‘Uszs. “Gna ; ; ll empirical remedies for venereal : "particularly those whi to cure whoa : ____ dess than any other, the salivary system. Vows ne hol; is aie in ae which attracts it from its solution i in water, if agitated with it. Its in wa- ter is much increased by adding a few drops of rectified — spirit, or muriatic acid—is 17 times more soluble in a solution of ammonia, than in water; but no decompo-— * sition ensues, forming probably a triple salt. Is soluble in < sulphuric, nitric, and muriati¢e acids, from which it is re- claimed unaltered, by evaporating the solutions. Accord- ee ing to Dr. Davy, it forms definite compounds with muri- _ atic acid, common salt, and other muriates. Paris says, the supposed change of vegetable blues to green, by its watery.solution, is an optical illusion ; the seeming change — being owing to the union of the yellow of the sublimate, with thé violet blue of the syrup ef violets. Decompo- sition of this salt takes place under circumstances of com- plicated affinities, as in the instance of the the Liquor ie 2 dvargyri oxy-muriatis, and in the aqueous solution, im “which cases calomel and muriatic acid appear to be ormedy and oxygene evolved. For incompatible substances, poet: ‘tables at end of Vol. I. Lime-water forms with it a lotion, — called Aqua Phagedenica. £3ij of liquor C. to grs. ii of the salt, will produce the necessary decnnipeniiar >: Be pre- cipitate is yellow. the most active and acrid of the metallic preparations; is an rretic — stimulant and alterative, and in large quantities, as : ly corrosive poison. It may be used in cases of syp in which other mercurial salts would be inadn is supposed generally to arrest the poison of tt more effectually than any other ‘it % Of these it may be proper to enumerate a few of the. 9 which this articie enters, as an antisyphilitic, on account of its. less action of the salivary giands, and thereby most effet : oo of mercury. Gowiand’s Lotion is a solution of sublimate i . emuision OUNCE, — “The | Mivity of this lotion. . “Norton’s Drops, is a disguised solution of fen nga stabi s Sehapmatangy ae. once. esteemed was wade — ge a sovition of cor. sub. with of bitter almonds, in the proportion of about half a grain to the fluid prussic acigl present in the bitter almond, adds doubtless aetinirand ae as an anti-ven¢real and xnti-scorbutic, was 4 mere! ts a mca eames j oz. ij of sublimate: of oamenin Sapiiswary'e ; dri of p ; of antimony, dr. of, and dr.3 of et-sandexa shari 8 3 to these ingr fe : ‘and ed into a tine’ re. Scheele a —— aria a ore cebal aatineiey, wie found. teem of of iron, and & ean — ey iis z or es! ati Sy -HYD—HYD es to the poisonous effects of this salt Dose from neeighth to onchaifge Orric. Pare. Pil-Hydrargyri oxy-muriatis. U. 8. Formllea— = oS oa Noi. Re Hydrargyri oxy-muriatis, ake. oo eaaenitae muriatis, 44 grs. y. _ __ Aque distillate, f3ss ae _ Glyerrhize rad. contrit. Div. Make into 40 pills, of which one may be taken -_3_times.a day, in venereal cases. Each * pill contains the 8th part of a grain of co! teat e rosive sublimate. = 2 No. 2. R Hydrargyri oxy-muriatis, grs. ii. = . Spiritus tenuioris, fZiv. ; d, whie Sirep: ed by genu. K-root, (Aretium-lappa) 0z. ij. (m. viridis) oz. i, senna f each dr. iss; water one and as an pak Be u ae ac ar; . ald, for ho sustained im the € a of the digni Make es = This is Mr. Addington’s prescription for of the solution is to be taken at bed time; it pro says, an immediate salivation, which continues an hour more+salts are given the succeeding day, and the r of the solution at night, followed on he: morning b: other saline cathartic, which, according to his plan; « - -pletes the eure. No. 318, —Hyprarcyri sun-wuatas. I. be Hydrarg: yri-sublimatum. © — Sub-mur Alydrargyri mitis. E. cited Calomel Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 362 and 363. °__ This preparation of mercury, has been known in , phanmsey for more than two centuries, under various names, expres- sive of some real or fancied virtue of the medicine, such: as, Draco mitigatus ; ite Aquila mitigata ; _- metallorum ; Picks m minerale; Panchy ~~ quercetanus; Sublimatum ; Mercurius duleis sub tus; Calomelas. ‘Tt has been said by Dr. Pale a : -son, that of these various names, there is not one so g propriate or inconsistent with any of the ions of chemistry, in relation to its compo present adopted by the colleges; wheth idered er he body, or the - limate. ‘mel must. consist of one pro ortidnal of es ortional of metal, and is therefore a chloride Poa ted to the Codex Med. Pgeah rgyri.” 3 ge ough elea “rabbit ‘with fecamnionia, usely y black, and exhibi sringestigs pes colour, Howard’s or Jewel’s Hydro-sublimate, (cailed Howard Patent Calomel,) is prepared by causing the salt, in the act of sublimation, to be exposed to aqueous vapour, and be - received in water. It is in a state of very minute division; is lighter than common calomel in the proportion of 3 to 5, and cannot contain any of No, 317. The preparation in the French code according to the following title, is simi- lar to the Hydro-sublimate, viz. * Murias Mercurii duleis mediante aqua subtilissime divisus, juala methodum Josia Jewel.” —This calomel is preferable to the common. The calomel of Riverius, was a compound of Hydrarg. sub- mur. Di. and scammony, grs. vii.* _ For incompatible substances, see tables at end of Vol. I. _-.. Megprcat Properties anp Usrs.. The most extensively use- ful, and most generally employed mercurial of the whole — list, and one of the most important remedies of the Materia _ Medica—is a universal stimulant—sialagogue, cathartic,’ _ alterative, diuretic, diaphoretic ; and produces a multifari- ous series of penckor spcrations on the chorea : is consequently capable of doing infinite mischief, in careless hands; and should no wate be prescribed in domestic ives we possess; it is a scave roy up all and offending matters from the main cour. ses and the by-ways of the system—scraping “them into a heap, and expurgating them from the bowels, — subject is too copious, to permit more than these lines; but will be considered in the lectures, with ‘the _time and attention it merits and requires. : - Dose, as an alterative, from gr: ss to gr. i ‘ge ae Fe morning—as a purgative, iij to Ky xvV—or, according to the practice B pay ts : setbcesel re given in pill—and to children, phe wit i brown’ spread on a small piece of bread and bu Orric. Prev. Pil. Hydrargyri sub-n Formule— : No. 1. RK Extract. Colocynth. comp. grs. xxiv Pil. Aloes cum Myrrha, 3i Hydrargyri sub-muriatis, gts. Xv Made into 20 pille-—one or . Swe pro re naia. Cathartic. No. 2. R Hydrargyri jaratay - gr. x Pil. Cambogiz comp. et <2 Extract. Colocynth. comp. aa grey Syrup. Zingiberis, Make 12 pills, of which two may taken _going to bed, or early in the morning, to excite the _ bowels to a regular healthy function. = _ ‘Hydrargyri su Confectionis Opie Make 10 pills—one is a dose, may be repeated sie re nata. © 4. JK Cambogie, srs. _. Hydrargyri website, grs. 1 as Acaciz. 8 q& Make 12 pills, one every eighth heads diurelier in aoa and ascites, depending on vis- _ ceral obstruction, =a. Hyde sub -snarint, 3ss Mee ‘Pal veris Reilles =. grs. Xv 3 q- s. , Make 15 pile one every eighth hour, in ascites and hydrothorax—diuretie—alterative. If too - aperient, add opium, 4 grains, to the formula. No. 8. KR Cerati simplicis, sot ° Hydrargyri sub-muriatis, Make € an ointment for cepnaont and Aig cuta- _ neous affections. 19. —Hyoscya AMUE NIGER: oarion ‘Hosking: Cl. 5. Ord. 1. Pentandria Monogynia. Nat. ord. —_ ‘Linn. . J Beer ohole viene covered with soft white pu- e—feels clammy, and slightly adhesive—is poison- ous, if eaten. _ Qvaritizs. Odour strong, fetid, repulsive, and narcotic— _ taste Mmucilaginous, slightly acti y dri tute of odour, but possessing the Tarentie aoe of the plant red by acids—alkalies change the colour, ' hich Virtues entirely taken up by diluted al eontains resin, mucus, extractive, ga yama—on the- mole the poisonous property’ ma the. opium aan not. ss is podeait like tobac ache. Dropped into the eye, dilates the Belladonna—used only in extract and tincture nally, by inhalation, and in cataplasm. Dose, and —* — of extract, ae v to oo bape Sonate. R Pulveris digitalis Camphore, ae Extract. Hyos L hid “Make into 12 pills—3 every night, in lie affections, HYOSCYAMUS ALBUS, AUREUS, » ; = EepeoLn ie Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Colt. No, 368. An alkaline salt, being the proxuteite terio' 9—discovered in the seeds, by M. B 3. See aoe r 4. Malate of hyoscyama, with nesia, and ah ammoniacal | 5. ee ne sugar, a traces: 6. “HYSSJAT. : “The ashes contained carbonate, _ and hydrochlorate of potass phosphate. of lime; much silica, mang Be 4 and a very. ‘little copper! Can all these products arise from the com nt materials of the seeds? Do the — chemical analyzing agents and cuppels afford any of them? Let Professor Green and Professor Hare answer. Ss has not been applied. to medicine—it is strongly recommended ie subject of an inaugural thesis. ‘SSOPUS OFFIC INALIS. | SINS sopt officinalis herba. Edin. Hyssopus, folia. wthe a ee part of the leaves of Hyssop. — Sos specimen, Jeff. Coll. No, 369—figure of the plant, No. 370. An aromatic stimulating tonic, containing a volatile oil-not used any where but in Germany, by de satan Sie much domestic. pees 2.—JA APA SS ee Hae fo ‘See No. SE, JALAPIA—Jalapine. See the same. yielc Tapioca, a restorative dietetic—called ane ; — Manioc— Manihot. Cabinet specimens, Jeff. Coll. Nos. 371 and 372—ealled Pearl Tapioca. ‘Tapioca is nutritious. It is originally a aicalas poison ; but by heat, and frequent washing of its grated portions, ‘it _ becomes a bland, harmless, and mild article. It is a native of Sout Races, and of some of the West India islands. pressed, and the juice poured deadly poison, used by the Indians for poisoning shell arrows. It deposites, however, a white substance, wl in when sub ete heat and sbiutions, ae ment in herpetic ; Eat tae itch, m ae nic a — for burning in. varnish used by Chinese for covering boxes, is made by boiling this oil with oxide of iron, — Be Orfila places the seeds among his poisons. _ Mr. Lunan‘s an ointment prepared with the milk of physic-nut, half the quantity of melted hog’s lard, is an ex ti in cases of indurated and inflamed piles. | NG 325 vem Coit i? stnglate,_ Fish-glu » See No. 26. No. 326.—Inrusa. Infusions, of the Colleges. Pe These are watery solutions of vegetables, obtained by mace- ration in either cold or hot water, without coction. They — should be preferred to decoctions, where the medicinal virtues reside in a volatile oil, or i» prmeipies easily solu- ble. The temperature must be varied: according to cir- cumstances—infusions made in cold water are more grate- ful, but for the most part less active. The duration of the infusion de; pends on the nature of the substance subjected to it. They are all liable to decomposition, when kept. — Unless_the dose should be otherwise stated, it is about fZj to fZij. The phatmacopeias « direet simple and com- . pound infusions. The chief simple are—In usum Anthe- * midis. i Soles hyllorum.. I. Cas i ae ey. — Orrreinan. Helenium. Lond. Enula Campana; pce pecans rot. oe Jeff. Coll. No. $73—figure of the | ‘Cabinet specimens, Jeff. Coll. Nos. 376 at cod 377. me The following plants, or their roots, are called Ipecacuan, South America. The term, ee, eee _ 6. Asele jas ‘currasavaca. “serena Brazi. St. Domingo, several species of Ruclia, which produce ee se ege hee Ipecacuan. In the*U. States, several plants are called American I se amadonnae pr are Gillenia trifoliata, or nia physic; and us thirteen the ae re ipecac. roots of 6 at the Isle of France ; eee Ceylon. What is galled the White Ipeeaguanha ‘ nktead tothe Gi Caryatum, of Vahl. ha. Viola Ipecacuanha yields what is called White Ipeca ; cuanha : it is milder than the false kinds, but mostly adul- terated with them—it is called Pombodia, and Inoditum. ~ Phe species of Piola-which are emetic, besides this, ar 1. Piola tbenbou. 2. Viole parvifiera, 8. - Viola odorata. ‘The two first are used to adulterate what is incorrect called White Ipecacuanha; and an alkaline emeti¢ ‘cor crete is obtained from the third, allied. to Emetine, cand _» called Violine. es Callicocea Ipecacuanha, called also Cephaelis Ipecacuanha allt Cephaetis Emetica, yields the variety called Grey Ipeeacu- anha. Brotero, however, says, that Peruvian Grey Ipe- cac is produced by the roots of Physcotria Emetica. An- ‘other species of Ke nl viz. St is. ape emetic root. an ‘ 2 PSYCHOTRIA EMETICA, 2. CEPHAELIS EMETICA, pectcuaha, - VIOLA IPECACUANHA, Pe the three varieties, Pe 5 South American natives used joa before their Connexion with Rees consequently, we do not know when § ey —— ed its virtes. “Piso described its Stbught the roots into _ Europeans, till 1700. Le Gras, a _ jt to Europe in 1672. It did not at til it w was a third time Sey ee by z forthe « Sian in the henge, of found’ its way = over 2 2 vou.n. ” ho eS, a IPE—IPE a on. with emetic effect to an adie anda larger does #0 ; produces prompt, full, and energetic emesis—dis- - Borging the entire contents of the stomach. Best emetic mechanical extraneous bodies swallowed Seeideinanye as pieces of money, &c. 2 When given to produce diaphoresis, in dysentery, it is com- bined with opium and vitriolated tartar in form of powder, called Dover’s Powder—dose, 10 grains. Is used in vinous: _ tineture, to vomit children, and added to pectoral mix- = stitutes, in this form, part. of Barton’s Cough — _ mixture, now improperly made, and called Brown or Pa- -fregoric mixture. Dose, of Wine of speaks an _ adult, 3j—for children, 3j to 5ii—is a good and easy vomit, in catarrhal oppression. _ In very small doses, Ipecacuanha i in substance isa . stimulat- _ ing stomachic, increasing the energy of the digestive or- - gans—and hence has been much used in dyspepsia. In nauseating doses, has been used in uterine and pulmonic _ Asa sega _ used in inflammatory rheu- osynerasy, are affected — the odour of the ‘powder: cats are said to be affected in the s same. way, on smelling it. The infusion of nut-galls, given after or with _ Tpecacuanha, renders it inert. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No, 378—figure of the plants No. 379. Cl. Pentandria. Ord. Montene Nat. fam. of Juss. Rubi- a acex#. Root perennial, simple, somewhat branched, with few radi tes from 3 to 4 inches long, 2 or 3 lines thick, somewhat | pal rn pentorted, eg ety with prominent and un-— > » Opposite, spreading, ents, ‘scute, : ot nes ings iy sealing, eee and veined, beneath. Roots grey rather than brown, ocarcely bipmelaad: serait a _ Orrre. Pree. Pulvis I, Vinum Ipecacuanhe. Florets 15 to 24 in eke: sessile, emia with small bracteas. be Calyx small, 5-toothed, superior, persistent. Corolla monopetalous, border shorter than the tube, divided into 5 ovate, acute, re-curved segments. — Filaments short, capillary, inserted into the tube of the co- rolla at the upper part. Anthers long, erect. Germen in- ferior. Style filiform. Stigmes 2, obtuse, as od as bee anthers. ™ The germen, when mature, becomes a soft, l-celled nitery, - a reddish purple colour, changing to black, containing _ 2 small oval seeds. oe Wative of shadowy moist situations, in the forests of the provinces of Pernambuco, Bahia, Rio Janeiro, Paulensia, — Mariannia, and other parts of Brazil. Flowers in December, Janvarys and Maxch---beetes rips = May. 3 PSYCHOTRIA EMETICA. Pintindria fee. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 380—figure of = plant, No, 38]. ‘athick bark. They send forth a woody stem, about2feet : high, , divided into simple branches, which are erect, cover- bic nian vey aotions brown pubescence. ‘aay very tminute siscder! teeth, which give th ance of being ciliated; they are glabron vered beneath, when young, with minute brow cence ; petioles pubescent, also the stipules. — Flowers small, whitish, growing in small axillary c » the length of the petioles. They produce little raha — eval berries, of a dark-bluish colour, containing | = two oblong seeds, convex above, flatbeneath, > Grows in different. of South America—it is” imported 5 from New Gren under the name of Raicilla. (Hum. boldt and Bonpland. ) © ne comp. LE. D. & UB Lu Bo Bee U.S fpesacannha Lorengee—each ne contains § gr. of ipecac met 1. B Pulvyeris nee Antimoniz Tartarizatis, Aquz distillate, - Make a mixture, which may be given in table- Romesh at divided doses, near or remote, 25 nd mse ‘shall dares until vomiting takes No.2 te ‘Scillz. exacoate, gs. viij. Pulveris Ipecacuanhe, Camphorz,. ne . Palys Antimon. | BIS Vj ; =, Triturate into. ek ‘aa divide jute four pee : part to be taken twice a day, in’ 2 ( of barley waler-cilect, can ms : Mix, ‘al divide into 4 equal. doses, of which one. is to he taken every 4th a as R No. ' _Vini a Aquz pure, rege eerie ~*~ Qvastiss. Transp as EMETA. Eme tine 0 is eae _ Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 382. _ The proximate emetic principle, discover stier and Magendie in ipecacuanha roots—of course existing in the _ roots of the different kinds, and I conjecture will be four in numerous indigenous emetics. A formula for its pr paration is introduced into. the Paris codex, as the used by Pelletier, viz > let 3} of the powder of ip. anha be macerated in 3ij of ether, with a gentle hes some hours, in a distilling apparatus; let the portion _. maining be triturated, and boiled, with f Ziv of aleoho having been previqusly rated in it; filter, and let the remainder be treated with fresh portions of alcohol, as long as any thing is taken up from the root—mix these a coholic solutions, evaporate to dryness. “Let this alcoholic extract, be macerated in cold distilled water, in order that every thing soluble in that menstruum may be dissolved; _ filter, and evaporate to dryness : this extract is Emeta, In _ this state, however, it contains a small quantity of gallic acid, but so inconsiderable as not to affect its medicinal — qualities. : es found : the nifaston Mepicat Provertizs an grain, or even less ; taken i _arrests the mischief; like other emeties rates on the bowels, and induces ‘sleep; see preferable to ipecacuanha as an emetic for ¢ hildren,- eause its taste is less offensive, and it can. be more | = 2 OBS | x erie pore _ Emeta exists in ipecacuanha, combined thus: Emeta 1 oils 2, wax 6, gum 10, starch 40, woody 30. preceding account relates to impure emeta, (combined, as mentioned, with gallic. acid. Pelletier obtained. Ameta pe by the atmosphere ; scarcely soluble in water, but readily ether and alcohol. Taste, slightly bitter; restores the | - blue of turnsole, which has been rubified by acids; is dis- solved by all the acids, the acidity of which it lessens; resembles Veratria, in forming crystallizable saline com- binations with acids; may be precipitated from these, by _ galls, like the alkalies of the different species of cinchonay: - action similar to coloured emeta, but more energetic. — PO TOXICANA, - ilky juice of the Antiaris toxicana. Upas antiar—used poison arrows, an@ybarbs. - 0, 332.—Ir1s. Iris or flag—Fleur de luce. — €l.3. Ord, 1. Triandria Monogynia. Nat. ord. Ensale, 2, Radix—of the Colleges—Orris root. . a » Jeff. Coll. No, 384—figure of the plant, : 0. Par aes eae se rs, Seamer 4n errhine—a masticatory for dentition, and a fragrant aro” - Matic, used in dentifrices. : _ 2. Tris pseudacorus. Yellow water-flag. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No, 386—figure of the plant,. a Te ee Mi Soe Si | ~ Roota drastic purgative—the seeds, roasted, are a succedane> -_um for coffee. Soe ecaoens en ee p __ 3. dris Germanica. Common fleur de luce. _ Fresh root, hydragogue. 8 "4, Tris versicolor. Phar. U. 8, Radix. Root, hydragogue. 5. Iris tuberosa. Root purgative—tias been considered the: hermadactyis. ® 6. Tris Virginica—~and several other indigenous species de serve an inaugutal dissertation. oe 3.—JUGLANS CINEREA. Butternut. nat. Liber Radicis, The inner bark of the root. Coll.. Nos. 388 and 389—figure, indigenous tree, well known. The bark abox ees gathered in May orJune. wr SDOYe Sho ries. Boiling water extracts its virtues~and by evap “yields the extract designated im the phen, U8. 4 re on & * s a ta ~ ELS Bie a8 ute Hs mute &, e ue Pe) they are. banca that it is also caocnethanes-Suneaos ! rapidly, and burnt in the process of evaporation, and th — rendered excessively bitter, and nearly, or quite inert,’ + ‘Phe cabinet specimen, No. 391, I received from the _ Dr. Barton ;—it is still good. I have used this. cathartic — often, and deem it a mild, Puig 2 and effectual not griping like rhubarb. Dose, Di to; No, 334.—-JunIPErus. ; Cl. 22. Ord. 13. Dicecia Monadephia Nat. Ord. oniferee. Three species— Lt ut 1. Juniperus Sabina. Common savin. Ppa 2 Communis. Common juniper. 7 - . eae Virginiana., Red-cedar. soy. | No, 335.—Juniperus SABINA. Cabinet specimens, Jeff. Coll. No. 392 and No, 599-figure of the plant, No. 394. Orricinat. Sabine folia. Lond. Juniperi sales Soin Edin. . Sabina, folia. Dub. Savin leaves, : A i shrub, about 3, or 34 feet high ; native of Ei : é the Levan’ cultivated i in the gardens of the U, States, a saees heavy, pecu- Z Id an essen- -Mepicay PRrorertizs ann it is good for; externally, is an esch; mineral salt, is very efficacious in remov warts; combined. with ointments, to keep _ blister after flies. Ome. Prev. Oleum volatile, Junipere Sabine. . Extractum Sabine. D- (oat can this Be ) Ceratum mest ols - U.S. : bee specimens, sal €ol : bacerigge’ Vo. 3 th are oe achain away — hey ei ina . - L. B.D. & U8. Spiritus “Cabinet —— Jeff. Coll. No. ed secounly see Bigelow d. Botany. The subject is far from exhausted, and would be a good one for an in- ee. thesis; comparative experiments of its power: tie savin, should be made. Orrte. —_ tec conten: mains. Pharm. U. Ss. ai 338 Joe Panicunata. (Vahl. ) Creve heated ; : a Ord. Monogynia, Nat. Ord. Personaiz, Linn. ‘First taken to the southern part of the Indian peninsula, from: _ the Isle of France, where it is prized asa stomachic am tonic, and forms the basis of the famous French bitt tincture, called Drogue Amere. It is, according to Dr. Flemming, a native of Bengal also. The whole plant ine Materia Medica—is. intensely bi ter, yielding t Sn eset menstrua ; ¢ capsules fist, compressed, the same foun wns to era by which peculiarity, aceordin it may be siatinguinbed from : _ the other be genus. Me: (340.—K £MPFERIA 3 INT _ Yields the camphoraceous aromatic _Zerumbet of the East Indies ;- gon-cassamuner, and was supy root of amomum zerumbet. ps aad pe secon Jett Coll. a 401 Figure ofthe ee ae GALANGA. (2a species.) Root called galangale; small galangale being the nots. = are galanga, (Grey. } 4 No. 341.—Knamerra TRIANDRA. Cl. 4. Ord. 1. Fetrandria monogynia, Nat. Ord. Rosacew. Orrictnat. Krameriz radix. Lond. Krameria or Rath: ? root. ae Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 403 and No. ' of the plant, No, 405. 2 A small plant, with a large branched red-brown root; native. of Peru, growing on the argillaceous, sandy, arid acclive ; ties of mountains, in the provinecs df Huanuco, Tama Canta, Xauxa, Caxtumbo, and Huamalies;~ danty, near the city of Huanuco; and was ands by Hum- boldt, in the province cf Guancabunda—fiowers through: out the year, but is in perfection in Qctober and Novem~ — ber. My friend, General Cortes, from whom have re- ceived much information, respecting the plants of Peru, — ~ of which he isa distinguished native and warrior, has in~ _ formed me, it often attains perfection om the anid hills, _.... When only a foot or 14 inches high. : c urrizs. The bark of the root is bitter, ‘satingenicah first ele finally | the i presninn of sy eC is in | proportion, and is ne ; Yields its properties to 4 very astringent and bitter, and tinges of a lour. The mineral acids oeecitee it from its but the vegetable acids do not. Pure alkalies only brig _ en the colour to a bright-claret hue; lime-water preci] oS tgtes a pink ea soluble in muriatic acid. So ae ho ee, iron, strikes a black colour with the Serer Bolution:. of acetate pete re a pale. ‘brows Intensely as astringent—long: this account in. Peru, and is pies to cure: theas, which General Cortes informed me, it effectu- does. Itis there used to yf bloody stools in dysen- eral styptic, for many purposes, i hte tel pg to, igeol oe gy gums. According to - Alibert, it has cured AOS 8 are in France. It is use in England i in the manufacture of port-wine. May be ex- hibited in substance, in extract, which is a beautiful pre- paration, in decoction, and infusion. Dose, in substance ; gb saps 388; of the infusion, made with 3ss of the root, and f£3vj of boiling water, from £3x to f3ij5 of the decoction, made with 31} bruised root and 0j dis-— tilled water, from f3j to f3ij. Mr. A. T. Thompson says, — on the continent of Europe, a tincture is made by digesting for 12 days Ziij of the powdered root, 3ij orange- 5s a 3) oie, and 0ij of rectified spirit of T have used Rathany, in extract and in powder, very extent in the the provi, in one case of passive with success, I prefer these forms of | recommend them. C en, . ol igure, No, 406, i & second —— Kiusmeria' tx a Es No. MeStperocn: Cl. 19. Ord. 1, Syngencsia agualis Nat. ord. Composit _-semifloseulose, Linn, te teehvonienn, 3 Juss. _ Fhree species— ; 1. Lactuea sativa. Common garden lettuce, well known as -asallad. - Vields Lactucarium, or lettuce opium. ; 2. Lactuea virosa. Strong scented lettuce; a narcotic and diuretic ; only existing in the Pharm. of the Edinburgh. _ College, from which they direct succus spissatus Lactuce virose. eogrewte nen, Jeff. Coll. No. Stee the spires: : wea elongata. Wild lettuce. twat. Planta. The plant. Pharm. U. S. deserves ; elie 2 a candidate for a sg sh Bliton, which is of a is the same manner as opium, Morphia is d its narcotic virtue depends. It contains ciple, e ive, resin i eaten" ind Dr. jaan caoutchouc ; peculiarly well suited to allay the c nalis. Dose, grs.i to vj, in pi . with 3) lactucarium and 0j diluted seobat oe se to mlx (See Coxe, Trans. Am. Ph. Soc. 23 No. 344.—Laurus. G19. Ord. 1. Enneandria Nat. Ord. ; ‘- Linn. Lauri, Juss. mi 2 Oleracen, No, 345.—-Laurus CixnaMomuM. Spe : The Cinnamon tree. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 410 and ilicciigare of the tree, No. 412. A well known aromatic astringent. ve Orric. Prev. Agua Cinnamomi; Spiritus Cinnamomi; Tinctura Cinnamomi ; Tinetura ergot ‘comp. of Colleges, Pulvis Cineainentts may: L. E. Z No. 346.—Laurus Cassra. (Speties 2d.) The G ee sia tree. : “ 2 Orrrcinat. Lauri cassie cortex; flos” ‘nondum as Edin, Dub. The nas and flower-buds, of ¢ the cassia ; 1st.) - Orric. Prev. Aqua Lauri . sia No. 347.—Laurus Campuora. (Species . + of the camphoraceous vegetables. See No. 235, te . Cabinet “genome yell Coll. No. +14 the oo ce et oe eee aie . No. 348—Lavnvs Nosivt s. (S mon sweet-bay. : = “Cabinet specimens, ied. CS os. 416 ie + Posoesmesae : Se 2. sionshiauadi Sassarn&s. PSieciée 5th.) The ‘Sassafras tree. Orrictxax. Sassafras, lignum et radix. Lond. Lauri Sassa- fras tignum, radix. Edin. Sassafras, lignum, corter, radix. — Dub. The wood, root, and bark of Sassafras. Laurus Sassafras, cortex puddicte. U.S. The bark of the root. | ee vage ~ rersseaga Jeff. Col. No. 419—figure of the tree, peas - Orie. , Pre. ‘ins Sassafras b B. D. & U, S. Decoctum — ills Deecclens Bacio: L | | No. 3 350. ino LRT Benzorns: (pees 6th. ) Spice ; _ bush. Cabinet So Jeff. Coll. No. 422—figure of the plant, on Indigenous. For a detailed account, see W.-P. Cc. Bagton’s ree: — Med. U.S. Vol. 1. - ANDULA Spica. Lavender. Orrieiwat. The flowers Plant and properties wai inown Orric. Prev. Eotan age apa} Much the Continent o ears but not at all in the U. No. 353.—LicHEN [sk ANDIGUS. (Species No. 1 1) Iceland moss, or liverwort. Orricrnaz. Decoctum Lichenis. L. D. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 428—firure of the os ‘29. > gur vlant cryptogamous plant—is a nutritive tonic—is supposed de- ef a I believe in no such medicines, I can only refer its affirmed efficacy in reer. ce. toi nous itive qualities. No. He Tecan OrceELLA. (Species No.2.) Dy- er’s lichen, or Orchall. ~ Orrrcrnat. Litmus; lacmus tinctorius. Dub. Litmus. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 430. The Argol, or Archil, of commerce, is prep _ only use is by the "chemist, i in testing al - for which the tineture i is used, No. 356- ee... Soc.) Dr. Maton had called the genus, ishing the cardamom seeds, Blletaria, from Elietars, the Malabar name of the — plant—Dr. J. Ed. Smith, suggested to name the genus in honour of Dr. Maton, which has been done by the classi poet, and excellent botanist, Mr. Roscoe of Liverpool, in his account of the Scifaminezx, to which the plant belongs. I have followed Paris in adopting the name, believing that Botany and Mat. Med. are indebted to the researches of Dr. Maton. Bie. QuvatiTres. Cardamom seeds are aromatic, warm, pungent, not heating the stomach like pepper. They con- sist of fecula, mucilage, and essential oil; water, alcohol, and ether, extract their virtues. Meprtcat Prorentres aNd Uses. Carminative and stomachic; this is the common language of Materia Medica—I would call them aromatic. Dose, grs. vito }j. They are chiefly used to give aroma and warmth to bitters, and other pre- arations—entering as an ingredient | ' Pith of Sassafras No, 374—MeEpuna SAssaFras. twigs. See No. 349. No. 375.—Mepvuta Samsuct. Pith of Elder: _ €abinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 449. _ No, 376.—Met, of the colleges—Honey. . Besides the general properties of saccharine bodies, possesses others peculiar to itself, depending on the presence of an - acid. For internal use, sugaris to be preferred; as honey, in some constitutions, produces gripes and colic pains; forms an excellent le, and facilitates the expectoration of _ viscid phlegm. Sometimes employed as an emollient ap- plication to abscesses, and asa detergent to ulcers. It is a? ae _ MEL—MEL _. . preferable to sugar in forming clectuaries—and is not soapt ~ “to crystallize. The best Roney ts that freest from colour, _ Xs and contains the la grains when it concretes. For medical use, it should also be as free from flavour as pos- toe sible. That obtained from young bees is the purest, and = is called virgin honey. When se from the wax, by capronsions 1. Wt lee pre-and is another sort, still inferior, obtained by heating the combs, before they are oie put in press. Honey consists principally of sugar, but als mucilage, wax, and acid—and is often oh 2 ated with the essential oil of the flowers, from which the bees have gathered it, as in the perfumed honey of the Crimea. Asia and America yield poisonous honey. New- man exsiccated honey in the water bath; the vapour took fire from a candle, and exhaled its odour widely. The liquor was also impregnated with it. Dissolved in water, it undergoes vinous fermentation—forming mead. Clarified s honey (Mel matum. U. 8.& L, D.) has not the _ agreeable smell of crude honey; it does not ferment readily, nor does it gripe. — Orric. Purr. (Called Melita.) Mel Boracis. L. Mel Rosa. L: D. be ge LD. » BE. Oxymel Scilla. L. D. Mel scillz comp. U. 8. Mel scille acetalum. U. 8- Cajuputi Melaleuca. (Rumphius.) _ Orricinan. Cajuputi oleum. Lond. Melaleucze Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 450—figure of the plant, A small tree, native of Amboyna, and the south part of Borneo. It is called Cajuputa in the Malay languages anc by the natives Daun Kityil, and Caju-kilan. The oil i pared from the leaves, by distillation—it ‘is said to be : impid and pellucid when first drawn, and that the green colour is derived from copper flasks in which it is kept. Quvatitizs. Taste pungent and camphoraceous; very vola tile, burns rapi ily without residuum. Soluble eo hal and partially in water. Dropped on pure water, it gradu- ally spreads itself over the surface, and soon ent _ evaporates; this is a test of its purity. ae at Prorertizs axp Usis. Diffusible, cage an- ocic, and diaphoretic. Given in dropsy, chronic uumatism, palsy, hysteria, flatulent colic, and all ner — does the same. Mr. A. T. Thomp- a rubbing it on the : “verticillate plant, used. in warm to No, 379.—MENTHA VIRIDIS. oie U. Synonym—Mentha sativa. Dub. ‘a. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll, Nos. 454 a 45. ‘ the plant, No. 456. “orrsctwat. Herba. Spear-mint—the herb ; yields the following : Orric. Prev. Aqua Monin siti, Ie D. comp. D. Ol, Menthe virid, L. o, 380-—-Mentaa PIPERITA. . E. D. & Mentha piperitis. D. ee OrricinaL. dies, bce beri ioe . U. Be “The genus is didynamous and ate of the other species will yield an essential oil. ‘h are important ad, juvants to practice in | on oils. the pe babies will ial 4 Megat -MEN—MEN ‘Synonyms—Menispermum palmatum. (Willd.) _ = aa ts. palmatus. (Decandolle.) Synonyms—Cocculus indicus. (Decandolle.) ‘ Petes Menispermum Calumba. _ Species 1.—MENISPERMUM CALUMBA. a - » Orrternat. Calwmba. Lond. Columbe Radix. Edin. Co- a lumbo Radix. Dub. Calumba root. 6 This plant, is not a native of Columbo in Ceylon, as was long supposed—the proper Mosambique name, Kalumb, hav- ing been mistaken for Columbo, in Ceylon, led to the ‘Mistake. It comes from the coast of Malabar; grows abundantly wild in the thick forests, about Obis and Mo- sambique, on the Zanguebar coast of Africa. This dis- ‘covery we owe to Mr. J, F. Fortin, a French gentleman, settled at Madras. The root of Bryonia epigea of Rinter, =~ resembles it very much in natural qualities. A Quaxitixs. Slight aromatic odour, intensely bitter taste— _ breaks with a y fracture, easily pulverized » water "at 212°, takem up 4 of its weight ; the infusion has all the sensible properties of the réot. Is supposed to contain Cinchonia; M. Planche found in it a large proportion of a peculiar animal substance, a yellow bitter resinous matter, and 4 its weight of starch ; by repeated distillation, a vola- tile oil, and from the residue, malate of lime, and sulphate of lime. “ an Mepicat Propextizs ann Uses. Pate bitter—tonic, without astringency; may be combined with aromatics, opiates, and # alkaline or neutral salts. Dose, of the powdered root, grs. xy to 3ss, 3 or 4 times a day; of the infusion (which - — soon spoils, ) fZiss to f3Zij. ) ie E Infus. Calumbz, et : ae Tinct. Calumbz, aa 3} Make a draught—Antilithic. No. 3. RK Infusi Calumbe, £3 vas Tinet. Cinnamomi comp. fZij * Syrup Aurantii, F3ij ‘Make a mixture, of which a table-spoonful or two may be taken pro re nata, to check the yomiting __ of pregnancy, and to keep the bowels in tone- PERMUM COCCULUS. The berries called Indian c Used to intoxicate fish; in powder, to destroy vermi ge . the brewers and ublicans to render their beer ae ing. 1 and 2 yield Se PICROTOXA, (called also Picrotoxina and Pievotowia, em Picrotoxine. glee Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 461. Bn ee Gees The bitter deleterious proximate principle of the above, discoyered by Boullay: he found the fruit to yield— 1. Fixed oil. 4, Picrotoxine, 2. Adipocire.’ : 5. Woody fibre. 3. ¥ellow extractive co- 6. Albumen. louring matter. 7. Menispermic acid. The ashes contain sulphate and hydrochlorate of po- tass, phosphate of lime, silica, and iron, Quarries. Inodorous; very bitter; restores blue turnsole rubified by acids; scarcely soluble in water, very soluble in ether and alcohol; combines with most acids, forming bitter salts, sparingly soluble in water. Orfila says, it acts on the animal economy like.camphor, .Has net been used in. medicine—therefore presents.an untouched theme for the ingenuity of some candidate for graduation. *- No. 382.—MENYANTHES TRIFOLIATA. Buck-bean- —Marsh Trefoil. kaa Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 462—figure of the plant, ~ No. 463. : Orricrxat, Menyanthes. L. Mehianthis trifoliata folia. E. ” Trifolium paludosum. D, The leaves of Buck bean. Me- nyanthes trifoliata radix. U.S. The root of Buck-bean. Indigenous; grows in bogs, in Jer Y city. Leaves nauseous, intensely bitter; are use: ae stitute for hops, in brewing beer. © MepicaL PrRorerties AND Uses. Tonic, i se gative. Used in intermittents, rheumatism, gouty alfec. = s tions, kc. Dose of dried leaves, in powder, )j to 3j—of the infusion, made with 3ss of the dried leaves and Oss boiling water, £5j to f31ss, three or four times a day. I _know nothing Ht virtues of the root, whieh is made officinal in the Phar. U.S. 2 diuretic, and. fai No. 383.—Mezerer Cortex. Officinal Mezereum, ' See No. 219. Bisa Under which it should. have: been. stated, that the root of Daphne Gnidium (Cab. spec. Jeff. Coll. No. 464.) © ed Thymelea and Spurge flax, is vesicatory like Mezereum., MIS—MOM "he and ‘has been chewed with advantage in palsy of the >» tongue; and that ina few grains, internally taken, it is 4 + drastic cathartic. a _ No. 384.—Mistura, of the Colleges. Mixtures. — - "Phe officinal are—1. Mistura Ammoniaci. 2. M. Amy ala - rum. 3. M. Assafetide. 4. M. Camphorx. 5. M. Corny " usti. 6. M. Crete. 7. M. Ferri comp. 8. M. Moschic The dose of all, £3] to £3ij, twice or thrice a day. . No. 385.—Moemorvica Exarertum. Squirting 3 ~ Cucumber— Wild Cucumber, (fructus) the ig concrete juice of the fruit. ~ Ch. Monoecia. Ord. Monodelphia. Nat. fam. Cucurbitacex, Juss aS ms—Cucumis A } , * SR! ot p Seeman ays — : a - Supposed the *Exatuy of Dioscorides.. _ * Native of the south of Europe, flowering in June and July. “— Jntroduced into England by Gerard, in 1596, and there * guitivated for medical use. Pea The fruit, for medical use, should be gathered in Septem- ber, just before it is ripe. The clear juice which runs from ityand that which is obtained by expression, form, the first the white, and the latter the black. Elaterium of the shops. SS a ; Be Quvatitizs. The juice is almost imodorous, and possesses a ss a slight bitter taste. It deposits, afterrest, a considerable - _~. portion of a peculiar feculent matter, combined with some ‘very active principle, to which Paris has affixed the name Elatine. Xt is contained in the juice which surréunds the seeds alone, and subsides from this juice, without pressure having been used to obtain it. Clutterbuck only obtained _ 6 grains from 40 cucumbers. Paris found that 10 grains _of the best Elaterium of the shops, contain only one grain of Elatine. On this peculiar principle, therefore, the ac- tivity of the medicine depends; and it has been incorrect- ~ Ty called an extract, which it is not. ~Menteax Prorentrzs awn Usss. Elaterium is a powerful “hydragogue, exciting sickness, severe vomiting, and by- _ per-catharsis, if incautiously administered; seldom used _ &sa mere cathartic ; has often produced entire evacuation _ Of the water im ascites, when gamboge, crystals of tartar, ‘powdered digitalis, &c. have failed. Should be given in” _ divided doses, of one-eighth of a grain each, every fourth - hour, until it begins to operate. Simon Pauli, Sydenham, and Lister, recommend it in MON—MOX — oe Pee directions of the Dublin and London Pharmacopeias, : + for preparing it, are substantially the. same—as follow: 3 **Shce ripe wild cacumbers, éxpress the juice, (strain the juice very slightly, Dub. Pharm.) and pass it through a fine hair sieve into a glass vessel; then set it aside for some hours, until the thicker part has subsided. Reject the su- _ pernatant thinner part, and dry the thicker part so a gentle heat.” F Elaterium is often adulterated with starch, so that two sam: ples are seldom alike in strength. To be good, it should be of a etary colour, a bitter taste, light, and bd nt. The Edinburgh College has strangely eaecie this article from the last edition. APAVER RHGEAS, Se pium Poppy: Ormcimaz. Rhoades petala. Lond. Papaver erraticum; pe- our, ight bitter taste—they are used in the Off. p. Syrupus Rheades. L. D. I PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM. White or Opium Poppy> Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 511—figure of the plant, No. 512. : Orricisat. Papaver Somniferum ; succus concretus. U. S- The concrete ee eae Pcpaveris Capsule. Opium. Lond. Papaveris Somniferi Capsule. Opi py capsules, or heads ; and opium. An annual glaucous plant, native of Asia, and introduced and naturalized in the southern according to Mr. A. T. i PAP—PAP glee ; wad fora short time, with opium, some of ‘ ’ itt) - ferior in quality to that. imported from @ t ee East Indies. Dr. Rickertson, of Dutchess county also cultivated the poppy to advantage: from one eke procured 7 grains of opium. As far north as - New-Hamp- n= Dr. Spal “theo this gum from the { pium oP on) and also from a poppy 8 the suceus which most : etude Prost the capsules. It is a milky, snow- — opaque, narcotic juice, differing in no apparent deetitapance from the proper juice of numerous less nar- cotic lactiferous plants. —Tti is obtained immemorially in the same manner, making longitudinal scarifications of the cortex of the ws the dews favour the exudation, and the concrete is collect- ed in the morning, deposited in earthen vessels, rubbed about with wooden spatulas in the sunshine, until it ac- ~ quires spissitude; formed into cakes or rolls, covered with _ Poppy oF tobacco-leaves, (in India,) and with the leaves and capsules of a species of Rumex. The Turks call Opium affioni; and in the theriaki kikana, or opium-shops of Con- stantinople, they take it in graduated doses, from 10 to 100 grains, in sand inspissate fruits, or in lozenges marked Mash iterally, “the work of God.” “The Tartar couriers, who travel great distances with astonish- ing rapidity, take nothing else to support them during their journeys. (Dallaway’s Constantin re There is some reason for supposing that the Mash Malash, of the Turks, contains other chi Si le < hemp and lolium. aeiae According to Kempfer, ‘the sicahieh of the first i incisions is ; grocery a and called Gobaar in Persia, and is es- _ * - teemed much s-enperior in, siete ames ss. In England, a Mr. Ball, in 1796, received & preinium the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, for a sp of British opium, little inferior to the oriental. Mr. Young (Edin. Med. & Phys. Journ. No. fe p pes? UALKEIES. Dried capsules* slightly itter by chewing, | with- A oar Peiiecd i in water, the mild anodyne ¢ ity. j is imparted, eer when the fluid is evaporated, 4. opium : is obtained, i in form of extract. There are two kinds of Turkey and East India. Turkey opium has a ’ heavy narcotic ‘eect taste bitter, warm, sub-acrid; kept _ * isles palit js su pled ek hire Spidlak woltbetions of : Peta ms up he bags 3000 capsules 5 ee ; aceording to Stevenson, at 4i. 10s. ee e ¥ PAP—PAP . : ‘When compact, and of a redd wn hue, is good. _ _ Specific gravity, 1.3365 is inflammable; lly soluble in water, acetic, acetous and citric acids, lic liquors, ‘and ether; is changed by long keeping and gradual ex- =. siccation, so as to break with a shining fuctre, and easily _ : ¢ ing yel -brown. One of ed by Thomas Astley, Esq. having been that length of m has a strong empyreumatic smell, and 5 desti of the strong narcotic odour of the Turkey— is as nauseous, more bitter, but less acrid; is blacker, equally tenacious, but less plastic; more friable; more us these results, which wi _ directly be stated, to the successive labours of Derosnes, _ Seguin, Sertuerner, Robiquet, and Magendie—enlighten- ed, persevering chemists. It has been ascertained, that Opium consists of resin, gum, bitter extractive, sulphate of lime, gluten narcotina, and a peculiar alkaline body, containing the soporific virtues of the drug—this is called Morphia; it exists in natural combination with a peculiar, and, till these tions, unknown acid, now meconte ne principle of opium is a meco- #f morphia. Derosnes first obtain- bstance from opium, in 1803 : he found ___ it soluble in acids, but no further ascertained its properties, Seguin, in 1804, discovered another crystalline substance — paneer’ + ay, Oct*r, 26, 1827. sor * Philada, Fr eis : “Phe specimen of Opium, which-I gave to you.a ¥ two: eame into my possession in the winter of 1802-3. Thave So kamwledge of the age it hada pore at time. _—_—_s.. Yours, very truly, ~'W. P. C, Barton, M. D. " aa A “drug, ictling hedescribed:anany ofits properties: Simultaneot these discoveries, Sertuerner, at: maborts in Hanover, obtained both Bo gee bodies. eae he first announced | and the salts of Morphia, ste oath it aah Sat ie be, was first noticed by Robiquet.. He aio crepant and distinguishing app paien: ; ‘ = MORPHIA. Morphine. , Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 513. When pure, is in fine, transparent, truncated, - crystals, with square or rectangular bases, at which ; are occasionally united, forming octohedral crystals; very. soluble in hot alcohol, the solution being very bitter =, speingly in boiling water; much less soluble in ether than alcohol. Changes turmeric, and violet stained paper, as alkalies do; forms neutral salts with acids, and decom- poses the compounds of acids with metallic oxides; its — combination with sulphur, by assistance of heat, is near- _ ly simultaneously decomposed ; does not form soap with — an oxidized oil; fuses at a moderate temperature, in a mass resembling melted sulphur, and like it, crystallizes on cool-* ing. It is decomposed by distillation, the Lear cs being oil, carb. ammonia, and a black residual resin of pe odour; heated in contact with air, inflames quickly; ap- pears to commingle with mercury, and change its consist- — ence; is bees Sz : Voltaic pile. Its ultimate com- ponent € 1ose of lio mer PS eer are (analyzed by the deutoxide of copper, ) carbon, carbon, hydrogens: —and nitre ff kmmonia have been em 1 st peepan ant in prepar- ing it, as is the case wee all the modes but that of Robiquet. Paris states the crystalline formation of the — salts of Morphia; for which, Mr. G. W. Carpenter has dit to Dr. Coxe, by remarking, in his erroneously given cre paper male constituent ‘Principles of opium, in sy : * For a detail of the ag used by these chemists, to Pair hese pri “xa oa ! to the Annales de Chimie Vols. 45, 92; and ples, I refer pes eg yang in the agngly f Philosophy, for et Phys. tom, 5; to June 1820—to Ma, gendie’ $s Formu ry, translated by Dr. Dunglison, in the University nrg 3 4 to the New Parisian * Codex; and generally to the peng Dileations, of last few years, on medicine and chemistry; to the “( our cine ; ri ‘Hare, in _ Phil. Jour. ee pe Phy. § Se; — to the whose intimate knowle you any information on 3 VOL. II. of ie prnioet of sea aet:; will Seable him to oot PAP—PAP . Phil. Jour. of the Med. and Phys. Sciences, for August, 1827. ‘I am indebted to Dr. oom for ys ag gtieas teresting history of the crystalline forms of its (Morphia) ~ saline compounds”—then quoting, as from Dr. Coxe, — ' verbatim, what is from Paris, the following :— Carbonas Morphiz crystallizes in short prisms. Acetas Morphiz, in soft prisms, very soluble, and extremely ‘~: »: Sulphas: Marphia, in sxboreacent crysials, very soluble. _ Murias Morphiz, in plumose s, much less. soluble; when evaporated, it concretes into a shining white plu- mous mass on cooling. _ Nitrates Morphiz, in prisms grouped together. __ Meconias Morphizx, in oblique prisms, sparingly soluble. .° Tartras Morphiz, in prisms. | Thave only changed Paris’s statement, by Latinizing the ; + salts, for officinal uniformity. a a Magendie says, the oleagi s compound of olive oil morphia, acts with gre intensity, . . The Acetas Morphiz, is the most active salt, and is officinal a in the Paris Phamacopeia, with directions for its prepara- tion. May be given in pills, electuary, draughts, or mix- tures. Dose, + of a grain to gr. i, in 24 hours. oe Cabinet specimens, Jeff. Coll. Nos. 513* and 513**. wih Liquor Morphiz acetatis—solution of acetate of Morphine. ae No.1. RK Acetas Morphiz, grs. - Aque Distillate, Acid. Acetici dilut. (P. L.) Syrupus Morphiz acetatis—syrup of acetate of Morphine. No, 2. RB Syrupi Purificati, 15 - Morphiz Acetatis, grs. iy. Dose, one or two tea-spoonfuls, in a little water, fo every: hours, "7 Gulte ig aba Drops. No. 3. Morphiz Acetatis, xvi Aquz Distillate, fs} Acidi Acetici, m™ ij 53 34 “ xu, i. Aque Distillate, sig were This formula makes a preparation, which Mr. Car- penter, who has furnished it to me, informs me, will keep well. The hia is to be dissolved, in the acidulated alcohol, the water gradually ty and the solution filtered. Dose, xv to xx “The sulphate of Morphia is less active. Syrupus Morphiz sulphatis—syrup of sulphate of Morphine. Formula— k Syrupi Purificati, lib Morphiz Sulphatis, grs. iv Dose, same as the syrup of the acetate. Robiquet had observed, that the process for obtaining mor- phia, did not entirely deprive the opium of the alkaline salt. ,The residuum, still containing some, exerted a nar- _ cotic property, on animals, subjected to its exhibition, by ndie, as well as on man; he observed that this was less energetic than the effect of common aqueous extracts, but sufficiently decided to lead him to the opinion that it ought to be kept by apothecaries, who prepare their own morphine. Dose, may be regulated by his statement, that 4 grains are scarcely equivalent to one grain of the ordi- nary watery extract, or to 4 of a grain of morphine. NARCOTINA. Narcotine, (called also Opiane—Matter, or salt of Derosnes. ) ‘ , Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 514. Duplicate 514, by Staples’s process. es ‘ Obtained by Sertuerner, -by a detailed process this generali- - zed: repeatedly exhausting opium in two parts of boiling ether, mixing the solutions, filtration, evaporization of the ether; this yields a twofold product, viz.; 1. a saline crust, being a union of'na with an acid; 2.a brownbitter _ id : n, narcotine, tin and danacid, from ~ ati jut 3 COnm which narcotine may $5 obtaime: Dy Pyapor tion and 2 treating the residuum with water, which, not ving the — Lee ee resin, allows the narcotine to be precipitated from the f ed liquor, by ammonia. Narcotina is obtained afterwards from the saline crust, by depriving it of the resin and caoutchouc, by means of rectified bil of turpentine, wash- ing the residuum in cold alcohol, then dissolving it in hot, and precipitating the narcotine, by ammonia, as before. The two precipitates are again dissolved in a minute por- tion of h oric acid, and re-precipitated by the same agent as Mr. Carpenter has obtained | this city, by a similar process; and he informs me, ina letter, that he has “ discovered that the feculencies of opium, from which laudanum had been made, contain a consid- erable portion of narcotine, resin, caoutchouc, &c. 1 : proves that laudanum is far from containing PAP—PAP © amount of narcotine, which isin the opium.” One of my assiduous Botanicalpupils, Mr. Edward Staples, of this city, * » has made ‘beautiful morphia; by a process of his own, » » which I trust he will publish—(See last page of this _- work.) Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 515, is a sample. ‘QuatiTizs. Crystallize$ from its aleoholic ethereal solution, in fine needles, or in rhomboidal prisms; has no action or Pexcuble colours, no smell, no taste. Cold alcoho! dis- solves one-hundredth part; boiling, one-twenty-fourth part of its weight. Hot ether dissolves a considerable quantity, from which, on cooling, it is deposited in a crystalline form. An oleaginous solution of one grain, Magendie found to, kill dogs, in 24 hours after precurse narcotic symptoms; with acetic acid, animals supported a dose of 24 grains with- out perishing, though convulsed as by camphor. He found, by giving Morphine and Narcotine together, the peculiar effects of each were developed srouuttaneoane, He ob- _serves, a person who takes morphine only, does not ex- perience that excitement which follows the use of the ueous extract of the shops, in which that salt is combined with narcotine. This ls:ter salt, is contained in other nar- cotic plants, besides opium. =a * EXTRACTUM OPil NARCOTINA PRIVATUM, Extract of Opium deprived of Narcotine. This, and its tincture, whicl: has now become so fashionable, : in Philadelphia, under the name of denarcotized lauda- num, were first prepared by Robiquet, by macerating coarsely divided opium in cold water, filtrating and evapo- rating to the consistence of a thick syrup, digesting in ectitiea ifie ether, and after frequent agitation, decanting the tincture, and evaporating the ether. He repeat- _ Some opium, shaved 2 Speed it on the face of a jack- _ plane, was subjected four times successively to as much ether of the specific gravity of .735 as would cover it, al- ywing each portion to act upon it for about twenty-four ours. The opium was afterwards subjected to as much duly diluted alcohol as would have been adequate to con- vert it into laudanum, of the common kind, had it not been Se subjected to the ether. In the ether which had been di- ~ gested on the opium, a deposition of crystalline matter soon commenced. The stopple being removed, and the mouth of the containing vessel, (in this case, a-common French tineture bottle, ) being covered with blotting pa- per, in a few days nearly the whole of the liquid evapo- rated spontaneously, leaving much crystalline matter mix- ed with colouring matter. The former is, no doubt, the principle distinguished by Robiquet, since called narco- tine. - di vad of - opium with the ether, is con- veniently p in the papins digesters, which are sold at some of the et a pak fr this city. The. ether should be kept near the temperature of ebullition.” Mr. Carpenter has handed me the following account of his experiments with opium, and their products:—- > “* Denarcotized acidulous extract of Opium.—The extract of opium, as it is generally made, is very objectionable, not being more active than crude opium, and consequently is _ seldom or never employed by our physicians. From vari- ous modes and different menstrua, which I have tried, I find the following to possess most advantages, both in the activity and persistency of the extract, as well as having the decided superiority over crude opium, by affording in an undiminished degree all its desirable effects, without any of its inconveniences. : Digest 3j of coarsely powdered opium, in 115 of sulphuric ether, of the specific gravity .735 for ten days, occasion- _ ally submitting to a moderate heat, in a water bath; distil off the ether, and add fresh portions until it ceases to me up narcotine, or act at all upon the opiu which may be readily known, by dropping a, little on a clean pane of glass, which will leave no trace when the opium 1s com- pletely exhausted; the second or third distillation will | prove sufficient. Most of the ether may be saved, if pre- pared with care, and in proper apparatus. Submit the - opium thus treated, to the action of Spt. Vin. Rect. Sviijs, acid acetic fort. 3j, aque Zvij, and t for seven days; filter and evaporate in a water bath, to the consist-— ence of an extract. This, in fact, will be an impure acetate of morphia, possessing most of the advantages of that valuable medicine. One ounce of the best Turkey Opium, yielded, by this process, six drachins of extract. — Laudanum, and other preparations, may be made of the usual standard, calculating six drachms of the extract equivalent to 3j of opium. ek pagel wie - Denarcotized acidulous tincture of Opium.—Digest 3j of coarsely powdered opium, in one pint of sulph. ether, s. g- .735 for ten days, occasionally submitting it to a moderate _ heat, until it ceases to act upon the opium; separate the v2 : be PAP—PAP opium and it, then digest in Spt.-Vin. Rect. Zviij, acid acetic ay Zj, aqua, Fy for seven days, and filter. This preparation will be found to possess great advantages over | and the black drop of the shops,.to which it will be much preferable, inasmuch as it will be destitute of the stimulating principle, (narcotine,) which exists in the black drop, eV ich is attributed the distressing effect which frequently forbids the use of opium, where ~ it otherwise might be extremely useful. The addition of acetic acid, contributes much agus beg or ive principle. By its union with morphia, it forms gee sy lire Seaatrs salt of zs mes ‘(acetate of _ morphia,) and differs only from the solution of the acetate _ of morphia of the shops, in its state of purity; and as the _ extraneous matter, with which it is associated, has no ef- fect on the animal system, it may be considered as good an article, and should be preferred for general use, in con- “Sequence of being much less expensive.” Hare has contrived a method, by which he informs: uantity of opium, not exceeding that contained n 10 drops of laudanum, may be detected in half a gallon of water ;” this is a discovery which may be applied to useful pe T subjoin.his own account of it, from the Journal already quoted :— = Bae ‘*My process is founded on the property which meconic acid i has of precipitating with lead. Hence, by adding a few ; drops of lead to any infusion, containing any ant the drug in question, not more minute than the p }above mentioned, an observable quantity of the meconate of lead falls down. The precipitation, where the quantity is small, may require from six to twelve hours, and. may be facilitated by a very gentle stirring se with a glass rod to detach the flocks from the sides of the recipient, which should be conical, so as to concentrate — pes Sa descent. The meconate being thus collected at the bottom of the vessel, let about thirty drops of sulphuric acid be poured down on it by means of a atin as much of the red sulphate _ ase sk. testimony of Dr. Dewees, in favour of the use of denar- know its effects—I confesd myself to have pointed somewhat in these, but as T: wave en re’ by a discouraging word, the laudable advances we are _ making, in the United States, to imitate the zeal of Euro- pean chemists, which has so much improved and enriched our code of medicines, I forbear to do more than express . an earnest desire that no carelessness in its Preparation may Jead physicians to discard it. a No, 414.—Pastinaca Opoponax. Opoponax, « or Rough Parsnip. OFEFICINAL. Opoponacis gummi resina. Lond. Oppponsx, Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll, No. 516—figure of the plant, No. 517. A pentandrous, umbelliferous, perennial plant, hative of the Levant and-south of Europe, with a yellow root as thick as a man’s arm, invested with a corky bark. In the Le- vant, incisions are made in them, the lactiferous juice exudes, and, dried in the sun, is Opoponax. It comes from Turkey, in tears or drops, or in irregular lumps. Quaritres, Stron disagreeable smell, bitter acrid taste—~ according to Pelletier, 1s a compound of gu resin, starch, extractive, wax, sialic acid, a trace: €aoutchouc, and — - essential % - Mepicat Prorertizs snp Uses: as an emmenagogue—given in other fetid gums—dose, grs. x to 38s. _ No. 415.—PETROLEUM. Barbadoes Ter EWephthe ; - See No. 114. Ree = : rpractitie _ raises the temperature of the bodys Sect the secre- tions, particularly of the kidneys; in Ss ergic is said to incite de- nervous, and intellectual ene yoirs to Venus—and h Mas been used t rouse the - torpid, to renovate the fa d, or restore the lost, procre- 232 PHY—PHY ative function !—all which must be preposterous. The stomach has been found inflamed to a great degree, when death has ensued from its effects. It produces gastritis, excessive diuresis, and much intensity of the general phy- siological functions. Has been used in low typhus, gan- -grene, the neuroses, dropsy, gout, rheumatism, suppressed ss, and other uterine affections. May be used in 7 aie or solution, so prepared that } gr. may be given “ata dose, and not more than 1 or 2 grains in 24 hours. Dr. Lobstein, of this city, has written a small ingenious work on Phosphorus, to which I refer you for further in- formation. It has been in fashion of old—was revived— _ slumbered—revived again, and was in fashion but a short time since—is used again, in this city, at this day. In the words of the song, we may say, when next we meet it in fashion again, ‘* this day may be_an auld lang syne.” Formula— R Phosphorus, grs. iv 4£theris Sulphuricis, f3j Dose, 5 or 6 drops, in a table-spoonful of water— in cases of great debility. Conradi. No. 417,—-Puyiiantuvs Ruamvyorpes. (Retz.) A The of his __ in Anthrax, a disease called, in India, Pavala Poola. The Tamool doctors use the leaves, by moistening them with a little Castor oil, and frequently in conjunction with the tender shoots of the Nux Vomica, and leaves of the Rici- mus communis—ayplying the whole, warm, as a poultice, : e common among the wealthy Hin- | doos, who eat much ghee, (clarified butter,) and get fate ——Puyroracca Decanpra.* Poke. Orricrnat, Radix. The root. _ Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. Ni ure of the plant; No. 519. ( ucato Calleloe red that it is con ic purge in Ame- wonder, that Ameri i * who has so } : “i n's y ‘ iting not less es of it, besides eopyi i atic: _ engraver, without, I think, su’ imecorrect staten = 233 PHY—P No. 419,--Puyseren Macroceruat ‘aLus. The Sper- maceti Whale, Telgeee the, ‘officina con-- crete No, 161.9 : No. 420 —Prcroroxa. pe ik No. 421 —Pinvie. Pills. ; The chief officinal will be found noticed in Nos. 39. 121. 217, 218. 261, 266. 300; and under the numbers embracing Tar, Gamboge, Myrrh, Opium, Rhubarb, Soap, Squill, as well as some peculiar to different the officinal preparations, at the end of numbers t t these eee The Pharm. U. . bap 2 in addition to these—. Jalapz composite ; Plu yrrhe et Ferri; Pilule Hydrargyri oxy-muriatis ; Pilule Arsenic’ ; Pilula: Antimoniales composite ; Pilule auri muriatis ; Pilule As- safatide composite ; Pilule Aloes cum Myrrha et Guaiaco, shall we cease to render ourselves obnoxious to the just censure of foreign writers —who may. say, we use their lnbours, by several hundred pease ieee out their authers’ names appe: as they ought, e the title-pa: works? Nearly all of the ahs all seicaees, Saiting wards ot a the plates, is a reprint of Op plane 8 Si hots mee at abridg fora fe few leaves from ’s Pharm., a little from’ ee om about 16 pages of Appendix No. {1. from sourees already mentioned. is the true tof the tion from the best authorities.” Ttis pos rery | » that the editor has not eee sensible of “willing to be ‘eanvassed. A as my desert = ity as. 284 No. 422.—PrmprweL.s “ANISUM. 4 nise. Orricrxat. nisi semina. Lond. “Pimpinelle Anis: semina. Edin. Anisum; semina. Dub. Anise-seeds. Pimpinella Anisum semina. U.S, Anisum—Anise. — oe specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. a of the plant, 0. 521.” pe annual, mitandrovs, umbelliferouts plant, native of Egypt, “epllivated in Malta and Spain, and in gardens elsewhere : the seeds from Spain are smaller than the others, yield more: oil, and are preferable. An aromatic—called carminative—supposed, absurdly, to __ possess the power of promoting the secretion of milk—_ ‘in substance, bruised—dose, grs. x to 3ij. et. Oleurn Anisi. Het E.D. & U.S. Spiritus | No. 423.- OIL OF BLACK PEPPER. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No, 53 Discovered by Pelletier, in his : preparation of Piperine, by add to an alcoholic solution of pe] s poration. It possesses, in a very Se) heat and acrimony of the pepper; ‘and — its sens properties, will doubtless. prove useful in, practice. Isa _ good subject for an ingen thesis, Mr. — ~ A ges prepared it. “ae PIER LONGUM. Long pepper 4 Sy in purulent op oison, with advantage ; : day. M, i administered Cube tum, in gonorrhea, v with favourable results ; this, by his success in using Balsam Copai jis tan. ner. A combination of this jatter medicine, with oil of Cubebs, has been much used by the mouth, in the same disease. According to beso Cubebs contain avola- —- tile and almost concrete oil, ‘that of copaiva,a resin in small proportion, e , and some saline sub- ‘stances. Mr. G. W. Carpe’ wena a ae Lo me: fy) ee hhave_ obtained a resinous fixed oil, by the means of sul- — uric ether, which has been foun, much active: ‘than that obtained by distillation.” VoL. 1l. # x Roux, in i produced b his dike, 51 Bow 288 PIP—PIX No, 426.—Pirerra. Piperine. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 539. A proximate principle, discovered by M. Pelletier and Mr. Oerstadt, in black pepper; it crystallizes from the green oil, in acicular crystals, in radiating grow 8; itis soluble in alcohol and ether; insoluble in cold, and sparingly solu- ble in hot water. Piperine, when perfectly free from oil and resin, is colourless, transparent, and insipid; it appears to be much more active, when united with the portion of oil and resin, with which it is combined in its first crys- tallization. It has been employed as a febrifuge tonic me- dicine, in intermittent and typhus fevers, and has been ‘ used also in periodical head-aches ; its dose, from one to three grains. It is a very active medicine, and has been _ considered by M. Meli fully equal, if not superior, to the _ quinine, in the same doses. See Materia Indica, Vol. I. . page 622; also, Bulletin des Sciences Médicales, No. 4, Avril, 1826, page 364. The above article has been manufactured by Mr. George _'W. Carpenter, of Philadelphia, and is now in the hands . Of several physicians, who are about to administer it, for the purpose of more fully investigating its medical pro- perties, 427.—PisTACHIA. Cl. 22. Ord. 5. Diacia Pentandria. Nat. ord. Amentacez. Linn. Terebintucez, Juss. — - Species 1.—PISTACHIA TEREBINTHUS, Chian Turpentine. — . » (See No. 424.) Oreictnat. Terebinthina Chia. Lond. Chian Turpentine. This tree is a native of Barbary and the South of Europe. apes 2.—PISTACHIA LENTISCUS. Lentisk or Mastick ie ree. _ Cabinet specimens, Jeff. Coll. No. 540—figure of the tree, No, 541. i Orricrat. Mastiche. Lond. Pistachiz Lentisci resina, Edin. Only used in dentristry, to fill the cavities of carious teeth, _ _ too much decayed to hold metal—and in the arts, to make ___ @ beautiful transparent varnish, with which all the paint- ings in the Cabinet, not glazed, are covered ; it requires __ Previous covering of fish glue size, to protect the paper. No: 428.—Prx arr PIX—PLU 239 No. 429,—Prx urquipa. L.E. D. & U.S, Tar—See species 4, No. 424, from which, with spe- cles 8, of same No, i it is obtained. © No. 430.—Prumaum. Lead. Its salts only used— Plumbi Sub-carbonas. L. Carbonas Plumbi, vulgo, Cerussa. E. Cerussa, sub-acetas Plumbi. D. Cerusse, or white lead. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 542. Only used externally, and in jedigionst , if not dangerously, to sprinkle over excoriat. surfaces of the skin—very im- proper practice, in the chafings of babies; which nurses will do if not watched. One Prer. Unguent. Cerusse. D. Plumbi super-aveius. . eA No, 431.—PiumsBr oxypum sEMI-viTRevM. L. E. Lithargyrum. D. Litharge. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 543. —_ used in Page Be in making Rap het- Pont of the No, 432.—Piumat supER~ACETAS.’ “L. ( Pe ope tata, P, L.. 1787. Saccharum Saturni, 1745.) Acetas Plumbi. E. D. Vulgo, Sugar of Lead. being aj ns nated t dihedral summits, which are y effic sweet and astringent; called a super-acetate, peepee to bea neutral salt ; soluble i in 25 parts of hot or cold water; soluble in alcohol; for incompatible substances, poe rates at end of Vol. I. Menicat Prorrrtizs ap UsEs- Sedative; a highly valasble medic able of effecting various sanative meee wconling’ its mode of exhibition—checks uterine h age, and hemoptisis, internally given; externally, its effects well known, in tite familiar pple tion of lead water to inflammations tensive and bold use in this article, which will be detailed in the lectures, Tr overweening caution of | re : can never be given in any dose, without | combined. posed ; occasionally, requires to _ be combined or administered with a Intl opium. Dose, _ in pill, gr. ss, to gr j, abstaining from drink, except water, ‘ ads atidulated with = tend for an hour after taking it. Orric. Prep. Ceratum Plumbi, super-acetatis. L. cording to Paris, the pretended prophylactic, against morn ya pete ~~ Make into 3 pills—one may be taken twice a day, drinking shee paid vinegar and water. Astrin- : gent. : ss See Rie : No, 433.—Popornyiium PELTATUM., May Apple. _- Orricrvat. Radix. The root. Phar. U. S. . Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 545—figure of the plant, = A cathartic called often, Ame merican Jalap—for a full account. see W. P. C. Barton’s Veg. Mat. Med. U. S. Vol. L “piste 25. : No, 434.—Potyconum Bistortra. Radix—the root ~.., @alled Bistort, ° auth » Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 547—figure of the plant, aes : No. 548, : ‘ : cy Officinal, by the London, Dublin, and Edinburgh Colleges, for its astringent tonic quality. Dose of the powdered _ Poot, grs. xv to 3j, twice or thrice a day—not used in the _* United States. Enis No. 435.—Potycata SEnrca. Orrtctnat. Radix. Senega snake root. Phar. U. S. and the College « “expect : x at See is diaphoretic, POP—POT . 241 enjoin you never to think of it in that. teste, aggre J so called—trust to nothing but the lancet, emétics, calo- mel, and turpentine externally to the throat. Sy dite Dose of powdered Senega, j to 3ss, as an - the decoction, made by boiling 3j of the contused roots in Oj of water, 3ss every 2d or 3d hour, prorenata, Orric. Prev. Decoctum Senegz, of the Colleges. z For a full account, fee Bi P. C. Barton’s Veg. = Med. U. 8. Vol. I. plate 36. Speci 2.—POL! GALA RUBELLA. See Bigelow’s Med. Bot. A good subje of the species of the genus would — be, for an inaug The indigenous species are very numerous, and been investigated. No. 436,—PoruLus BaLsAMIrera. Carolina Poplar. Cabinet specimen, ‘Jeff. Coll. No. 55i—figure of the tree, No. 552. 2 Yields the resin or “ies called American Tacamahaca+ the buds are coated with a thick resin; infused in oil, they _ make a balsamic oleaginous application to cuts and wounds. No. 437.—Porassa Fuss, L. Potassa. E. Kali . Causticum. D. ppowedaienots, P-) L. — Common Caustic. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 553. if us Called the Vegetable Caustic, and Caustic Potash. Used as : a powerful escharotic—never, inteesafi: as the Lunar Caustic is. No, 438.—Potass# Aceras, of the Colleges. Cabinet specimen, Jeff: Coll. No. 554. Qvatitizs. In masses of a foliated, deliquescent, odour slight and peer nd having a st pungent taste—f'3j distilled water, at 60° F. diss { grains, or 100 parts are soluble in 105 of water—the solu- decomposition; soluble in 4 tion undergoes spontaneous times its weight of alcohol; consists of one proportional of each of its components, i. e. 45 potass, 43 acetic acid, MepicaL Prorerties anv Uses. Ini retic ; 2 GE BN DN oe ae Aqua pure, Spir. Junipert hep. O05 Make a ome be taken twice a day. Make a mixture—dose, a table-spoonful, twice or thrice a day. Diuretic. or No. 3, see Formula R 3, No. 357. _ sub-carbonate of Potass, called Ash. Potasse sub-carbonas. L. E. Sub- bonas kali. D. (Kali preparatum, P. L. 1787. Sal Absinthii—Sal Tartari, 1745.) ~ ; salt has also been called salt of wormwood, salt of &e. according to its mode of preparation. In white coarse grains, so exceedingly deliques-. when oH gag to air, it liquefies into a thick consists of one proportional of acid, one of po- ss, with variable quantities of sulphate of potass, muriate potass, siliceous earth, alumina, together with the ox- 5 of iron and manganese; soluble in twice its weight er, any residuum being impurity ; insoluble in alco- * es soaps with oils. 1% Prorerties anp Uses. Antacid, diuretic a hieliy rmaceutical and in makin ts; nt than No. 440. meyers ey - Orric. Prev. Potassxe Acetas. L. E.D.& U.S. Liquor Po- tasse. L. FE. D. & U.S. Potasse Sulphuretum. L. E. D. ssx Tart. L. E. D. & U.S. Liquor Arsenicalis. L. Ex U.S.° The Sub-carbonas Potasse purissimus, E. is e pi salt, obtained by incinerating cream of tartar; yet it generally contains lime. iss ss No.3. RB -Pulv. Antimont: rey grs. if) Anthemidis flor. exsiccat. Bj 6 Make a powder, to be taken pro re nata. Di 10 No. 440.—Potass# Carsonas. L. E. C _ of potass. oo Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Colt. No. 553. In crystals, which are four-sided prisms, efmanent a slightly alkaline taste, but without acrimony. It is a carbonate, consisting of two proportionals of carbonic aci and one proportional of potass; and in its < rystalline boiling water, in which it is partially which it liberates carbon ash) acquires an excess gestive functions, and 10 : nt Dose, gts. x, to 33s and 3), dissolved in a glass of water, and taken a short time before meals. An excelle medi- cine, as I know from experience an ™ in practice. ai No. 2. terminated by itter sharp ste, impart mparting the sen- a of one vain of nitric acid, and one of potas; dissolves in 7 parts of water, at 60° F. and in its Own Weight at 212°; "its solubility in- creased by adding common salt ; solution attended with considerable reduction of temperature ; — in al- — cohol. | Mrprcan Prorertrzs axp Uses. Seditive; somewhat diu- _ -retic; ‘chiefly employed in combinations of medicines. Dose, - 's. X to xv, to act on the kidneys ; in gts. xxv to ‘pel e In over doses, excites vomiting, urinous taste in the mouth, constriction of the fauces, bloody-stools, ‘ convulsions, and death. Its poisonous effects have fre- quently been evidenced in the mistakes which have arisen __. in taking it for glauber salts. Ihave had one case of this kind, in Mr. Hazelhurst’s family, in this city, where an - ad b taken in solution. I recovered the man, veral gallons of water sweetened with more brown a No.2. R Scillz radicis exsiccat, grs. xij _ Potassx hitratis, purificati, et i cort. contrit, 3a 3). . powder, and dividainto 6 ual parts—one twice a day. ‘Diuretic. _ _ Pos :. R Potassz nitratis, j ~. Misture Ammoniaci, tZvj Spir. Juniperi comp. fSiss Aceti. Scillz, f 3yj . Make a mixture—a peepegnl the dose, ev ae oe eee Diuretic, _ me | the dose, every 2d hour, in pneumonia. — co SAL PRUNELLE. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 557. ee Callas sles heme ae and soré throat salt ; is made by melting of nitre, injecting gra upon on it, 3ij flowers of sulphur, and pouring Serpe A either ba 3 or cakes, as in the cabinet specimens. It is an old prepa- ration, and was. much valued as an application either in substance or in gargle, to cynanche sali No. 442.—Porass£ surpuas. L. E. Sulphas Kali. D. (Kaii vitriolatum, P. L. 178% . Tarta- run vitriolatum, 1745 and 1720. Sal Duobus, &e.) . The crystals in oe prisms, modified on the edges and angles~or dou 6-sided pyramids, with short in- tervening prisms, which are mactes, or hemetro crystals, Slightly efforescent, and decripitate by heats F33 of water, dissolves only 24 grains. Not usefal as a purgative, be- ing so hard and insoluble; usually given, when admister- » which is not often, combined with rhubarb, or other purgative powder. Dose, gis. x to 3ss. = . Orrie. Parr. Pulvis Ipecacuanhz comp. L. E. D. & U.S. Formula— RK Sabine foliorum exsiecat, Zingiberis rad. contus, aa Dss Potassz sulphatis, "Bs with sulphur, in are besides sulphate of SS, potass._ It is hot in any way ‘nd has been very judiciously lef tout slightly bitter taste ; is ortionals of acid and one its weight of water, as well sble, and more active than the sul- — No. 444.—Porassa SULPHURETUM. L. E. Sulphu- ! _ retum Kali. D. (Kali Sulphuretum. P. L. 1787. Hepar Sulphuris.) Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 559. A hard brittle mass, of a liver-brown hue, whence the old ee: name hepar—of an acrid bitter taste; inodorous when dry, - but when wet, intolerably offensive, giving out the odour of bilge-water. It consists of sulphur, potass, and a pro- portion of carbonic acid—soluble. in water, undergoing Sccceuposition into hydroguretted sulpburet, and sulphate Muvicat Prorrrtiss axp Usxs, It is of no further use, than to enable us to give sulphur in a form soluble in water ; in cutaneous affections, in gouty and rheumatic dis- eases; in solution for the itch of infants. Formula B Potasse sulphureti, gis. xv = Saponis duri, 3j \ se Balsam. Peruvianz, q: Ss Make 30 pilis—3 the dose, with warm infusion of Juniper berries, in cutaneous affections. Dia- phoretic. No, 445.—Porassa surer-rartras. L.E. &U.S. % Tartarum Crystalli. E. Super-tartrate of Potass—Crystals of Tartar, Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 560, In small irregular brittle crystals, which when pulverized are called cream of tartar; taste harsh, acid, peculiar, being generally recognised with ease by tasting. Is a bi-tartrate, consisting of 2 proportionals of acid, and one of potass. Requires 120 parts water, at 60° F. and 30 parts at boiling heat, to dissolye it—somewhat soluble in alcohol. _ Mepicat Prorertigs ann Uses, Well known—is a hydra- gogue cathartic, producing an influx of serous fluids into the bowels; hence, united with jalap, it ogue in dropsies; in small doses, of the Codex Medicamentarius among the pr ‘the ingrease Ps ead 247 ? oo oe ss cic acid. It directs that 3( boracie acid, and 20 dis- tilled water, be heated together, in a silver vessel; 120 parts super-tartrate of potass are then added, in divided’ portions, shaking the mixture continually; when the whole will soon liquefy; and by continuing the heat, a pulverulent mass will be formed. Dose of super-tartrate potass as diuretic 3j, frequently repeated ;_as a cathartic, 3iv to Zvj. The South American physicians use this salt perpetually in their practice. I have had many of them as patients for some years past, and they always asked to have it administered, attaching great importance to its effects; adulterated often with No. 443 ; may be known by the greater solubility of the sophisticated article. Orric. Prev. Pulvis Jalapz comp. L. E. D. & U. 8. Pulv. Scammoniz. E: Pulvis Senne comp. L. Ferrum Tartari- zatum. L. Antimonium Tartarizaium. L. E. D. & U. Ss. Soda Tartarizata. L. E. D. &.U. 8. Tartarus acidulus potasse solubilis, admixto acide boracico. Codex Med. Paris. Formula— J Potasse super-tartratis, 3j Pulveris scillz exsiccat, gr. iij Pulveris Zingiberis, gr. v Make a powder—to be taken once, twice, or thrice aday. Diuretic. No, 446.—Prinos VerTICILLATUs. Black Alder. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 561—figure of the root, No. 562. Orricrnat. Cortex. Phar. U.S. The root of Black Alder; antiseptic, astringent, tonic. Fora full account, see W. P. C. Barton’s Veg. Mat. Med. U.S. Vol. II. No, 447.—Prunus Domestica. Common Plumb — tree. ; Bae Fe Officinal, by some Colleges, Pruna; the fruit called Prunes - laxative, when boiled or stewed—less so, uncooked. Orric. Pner. Confectio Senne. L.E.D. — *% No. 448.—Prounus Vircinrava, : Wild Cherry SEROTINA, trees. Orrrcrnat. Cortex. The bark. Pharm. U. S. and Ives’s ed. Paris’s Pharm.—The bark of the trees and the root. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. No. 564 and No. 564*. we powdered. bark—of id. 3j to 3)j of the 4 n Zij to Ziv. . : : PRUNUS LAURO-CERASUS. Cherry laurel; yi el No. 449.—PTEROCARPUS. ig oe ecges s Cl. 17. Ord. 4. Diadelphia Decandria. Nat. ord. Papilio- Species 1—PTEROCARPUS SANTALINUS. Red Saunders tree. ae ~~ Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 565. peers ~ Produces the officinal red saunders, used in pharmacy, as 2 _ ies2—PTEROCARPUS ERINACEA. = Oficina, Kino, of the Colleges + Ss: Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 566. Ge eee _ The inspissated juice of Eucalyptus resinifera, is assumed by the Edinburgh College, as the tree which yields Kino; the Dublin considers it the product of the Buiea Sfrondosa. There islittle doubt, that it is the product of the Plerocar- pus erinacea. M. Virey, in a note read to the Royal Academy of Medicine at Prague, concerning the origin of Gum Kino, has shown that the first Gum Kino, which was known, and used by PUN—PUL- eh the vila the lid of each chest, isa paper, inscribed with me ¢ John Brown, the month and year of its exportation, and stating that it isthe produce of Amboyna.” Thompson. The other kinds are—1. African Kino, 2. Botany Bay Kino, 3. Jamaica Kino, (not now to be had, according to Thompson,) 4. East India, or Amboyna Kino. All pow- erfully astringent, like catechu. Dose, in substance grs. x to 38s, of the infusion fZiss, of the tincture f3j. Orric. Prev. Tinclura Kino. L. E. D. & U: 8, ae No. 450.—Punica Granatum. Pomegranate. Cl. 12. Ord. 1. Jeosandria Monogynia. Nat. ord. Pomacee, Linn. Myrtz, Juss. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 567—figure of the plant, Orricrxan. Granati Cortex. Lond. Granatum ; flores, pere earpii Cortex. Dub. Pomegranate bark and flower—Gra- _ natum, Cortex, fructus. U.S. e.- : _ The bark of the fruit of Pomegranate—native of the South of Enrope, Barbary, Asia; naturalized in the West Indies; cultivated in the United States, in green-houses, but stands the winters in borders. Astringent—Dose, }j to 35 in powder; of a decoction made with Ziv of the bark, FZvi of water—fgvi every 3d or 4th hour. PYRETHRI, Radix—see No. 56. No. 451.—Putveres. Powders, of the Colleges. The chief important combinations, under this title, are— 1. Pulvis Aloes comp. 1. P, Aloes cum Guataco. D. Dose, grs. x to Dj. : “ae Formula— RR Pulv. Aloescomp. = Puly Antimon. ~ ’ 2 vt ; Saponis Dyri, = sage x Decoct. Aloes comp. q. & Make into 20 pills—2 a dose, to promote a healthy regularity of the bowels. 2. Pulvis Aloes cum Canella. Dose grs. x.—}j; calied Hiera 3. Pulvis Antimonialis. 4 succedaneum of James’s Powder. No.1. See Formula 3, of No. 318 a ake QUA—QUA "No. 4. See Formula 3, of No. 439. No. 5, See Formula 2, of No. 330. : . 4. Pulvis Cinnamomi compositus—used to give aromatic warmth to other preparations, as for example in Pulvis 1, above. , 5. Pulvis Contrajerve comp. Dose, grs. x to Ix. Stimulant, diaphoretic. 6. Pulvis cornu usti cum opio. Ten grains contain one grain of opium. 7. Pulvis Cretx conip. Dose, grs. v to Dj. 8. Pulvis Crete comp. cum opio. Formula— Pulv. Crete cum opio, 9j Puly. Extract Catechu, grs. xv Make a powder, to be taken after each evacuation. In Diarrhoea depending on acidity. 9. Pulvis Ipecacuanhe Dover’s Powder—Dose, grs. _y, to Bj, m bolus or irdel : Formule— : No. 1. Pulveris Ipecacuanhe comp. XV Pulv. Tragacanth. comp. 2 oi ; ! Divide into 4 equal parts—one every hour. Diapho- retic. ; 10. Pulvis Scammoniz comp. ~ _— Tragacanthe comp. See Formula 1. Pulvis No. , above Powders should be in opake green glass-stop- perbottles, being affected by light sia air. Q. No. 452.—-Quass1a. The Quassia tree. Cl. 10. Ord. 1. —" Monogynia. Nat. ord. Gruinales, Linn. “Species 1 QUASI mad SIMAROUBA. Simarouba Quassia, Mountain Damson, (in Jamaica.) ne No. 569—figure of the tree, ri ign‘ Sime QUA—QUA : 254 rouba bark and wood—Quassia Simarouba, Cortex. U.S. Simarouba bark. Native of South America, and the West Indies. Quauitizs. Bark inodorous, bitter, not disagreeable taste— water and alcoho) take up all its virtues, at 68° F. better than at boiling heat. : Mrpicat Prorertizs anp Uszs. Tonic, perhaps a peculiar one—I have used it frequently, particularly at sea, in dysenteric diseases, with more advantage than any other tonic ; first introduced in Paris in 1718, as a remedy for » that disease. Is used also in diarrhea and dyspeptic af- fections. Dose, in substance, }j to 33s; best given in in- fusion, which is the commonest form. ~ Orrrc. Pree. Jnfusum Simaroube. L. & U.S. Species 2—QUASSIA EXCELSA. Lofty Quassia, Cabinet specimens, Jeff, Coll. Nos. 571 and 572—figure of tree, No, 573. . Orricryat. Quassia Lignum. B.D. L.& U.S. The wood of Quassia, (called Quassia.) Native of Jamaica, and the Caribbean Islands, where it is called Bitter Ash. eae ~Quatitizs. Inodorous and intensely bitter, wine-yellow. Alcohol and water extract its bitterness, and evaporated _ to dryness, leaves a brown-yellow sub-transpurent brittle extract, called Quwassin, being considered a peculiar proxi- 4 mate principle of the wood, embodying its bitterness. Mr. A. T, Thompson is of opinion it contains resin. Menicat Prorerrizs anv Uses. A pute intense bitter tonic, used in every case where such a medicine sipie be A as er—it is extensively prescribed every where, and is kept Ben he 6 shavings, raspings, Baad Ido not think it ought ever to be given in substance—infusion, or decoction, is the best form. The tincture is adimissit where the vinous or alcoholic menstrutim may not be pre judicial. Mr. A. T. Thompson says, he found it servicea- ble combined with nitric acid, in typhus and in fluor albus. This union I have not used in those diseases, but have in numerous others; and to restore tone to the system in tedious convalescence from fevers, 1 have found nothing equal to this combination. With cretaceous powder, and ginger, it has been given for gout—Z j or ij of the rasp- ings, will be sufficient for (ij water, in decoction, and for Ojss in infusion. A wine-glass ine-glass full, the dose of either—y strong, it is apt to prove intolerable to the stomach, = Orric rc : P ‘sus P. Infi aha siz. Ao & iis Ss. Ti for wassie F E. D. & UL eh. We BE 3. Infusum Quassize cum sudph. - / QUINA. Quinine. see No. 169. _ Ch 21, Ord. 6.” Monoecia Polyanilria. Nat. ord. Aime niuces. + Species 1 QUERCUS INFECTORIA OLIVIER? .__, “a — Sytonym—Quercus cerris, ¢ Dyer’s oak, : Ma Orricrvat. Galle. Galls of the Colleges—Gall-nuts. -. ‘Phis species grows throughout all Asia; is seldom more than © 9 sbefeet high; the leaves ure smooth, obtusely toothed, and of a bright green colour on beth sides; it has an elongated acorn, two or three times longer than the cup, avhich is sessile, downy, and scaly ; the gall comes out at » the shoots of the young boughsythose that come out first, according to Virey, are best; they are called in commerce lue, black, or green—those afterwards gathered, are in- . ferior, being pierced, ahd are called white gulls. _ ? Linn... Diplolepsis galla tinetoria, of Geo a, small hyimenopterous og which Beh a A shoot _ with its sting, and deposites its egg in the puncture. This is soon hatched, and from the t feeding on the juice fthe plant, a morbid perversion is induced, which causes the excrescence, walled gall-nut. The first picked galls, termed: Yerli hy the natives, are called: green, or blue galls—these are gathered before ese are gatherec : have be- some flies, and escaped; those subsequently ‘gathered, « * when the flies ha és have made ‘their way out, and leave holes, are inferior and less astringent, and called white gulls. ~ the best galls are those of Aleppo, Smyrna, Maguesia, Karuhisser, Diarbekir, and the interior of Nato 5, "The insect which produces galls, is the Cynipequereus folli, QUE—RAN 253 No.2, R Gallarum pulverisat. . 3) Adeps preparat. ras: Make an ointment, to be applied to the parts af Bes fected. In hemorrhoids. Cudlen. Species. 2—QUERCUS PEDUNCULATA. Common Oak, (in ; Europe.) This species yields the officinal oak-bark, of the European Colleges—superseded in the United States, by Species 3—QUERCUS ALBA. White Oak. Orricinat. Cortex. The bark, Pharm. U. S. . Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll, Ne. a ee of the tree, No. 576, Indigenous—powerfully astringent—chiefly used externally in decoction, as a lotion to indolent and fungous ulcers. Has been used in substance, and in deeoction, and infu- ° sion, in intermittents. = Formula—~ R Quercus albi cort. contus. Fad ¢ Aquz ferventis, 5x1 Macerate for an hour, rd Lae off. A convenient infusion. No. 454.—Quercus TINCTORIA. - Black Oak-—Quer citron bark? ; Orricinat. Cortex. The bark, Pharm, U. 8. . ure of the tree, Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. Now 577. _ No. 578. sgt Similar to the preceding—less sittiapent-—ased by dyers. R. No. 455 een ee BULBOSUS. Common but- : ter-cup or Crowfoot. ms Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 579—figure of the hea No.. 580. Indigenous .or naturalized, the root is Tporetiewe—apphed long enough, blisters. Species 2—-RANUNCULUS SCELERATUS. Celery-leaved, or Indigenous, very acrid—also rubifacient and epispastic. _ Cabinet Specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 581—figure of the plant, No. 582. becinty pase ee itauga ¥2 Q54 ~ RHA—RHE No. 456 Riel csniti CATHARTICUS. Purging Buck- thorn, | Cabinet Specimen, Jeff. Coll. No, 583—figure of the plant No. 584, Rhamne bacese. Lond. Rhamni cathartici suceus. Bain. Rhamnus catharticus; Baccz. Dub. Rkamnus catharticus:; ~bacew. The berries of Buckthorn. Caltiees 8 cumeD, Jeff. = No. 585—figure of the plant, - come very little used. Dose of the recent berries, 5}, of the expressed juice f3j, of the dried berries 3}. Orricixat. Syrupus Rhamni. L. E. & U.S. No. 457—Ruzum. The Rhubarb Plant. . C19. Ord. 3. Lnneandria Trigynia. Nat. ord. Holoratezx, . — Mr, A, ., Thosspeon oy s ye lverization, is a: Juss. a ave Species— _ RHEUM UNDULATUM. Cabinet specimen, Jeff Coll. Sgure, No, 587. HEUM PALMATUM. net specimen, Jeff. Coll. figure, No. 588. well known Rhubarb, of which there are 3 Pomath-, Cab. ie Jeff Coll. It is difficult to distinguish the different kinds, except by familiarity with them, and close examination. Dr. Paris says, he ha number > in London, known in the trade the name $; a regular livelihood | Ataf jeoning te tea oring, Tasping, and then colouring the inferior kinds; for which they charge a4 the. tate of 08 pease pot beuibd| The Russian or Tur- key has a peculiar, somewhat aromatic odour, a bitter sub- astringent i vom ounce ted I think, as stated by e nauseous; breaks with a denser and smoother frac- on as pi 3 RHE—RHE 255 "tive, a small portion of resin, mucus, tannin, gallic acid, a colouring matter, much oxalate of lime, and minute por- tions of alumen and silex. The Russian contains most eae etiquette resin; the Chinese most extractive and ic ac’ nieawe Wan iple RoC —* be Rieumia. According to the iments me John Henderson, in the Annals of Philosophy, Rheumic acid. M. De Lassaignes, believes that this is the oxalic acid, ey; of that of Mr. A. T . Thompson. Mr. inan of Rhubarb, athe 10Mb col. af th the perenne es Boe paar published in the of of neither notices the oxalic acid, nor any oxalate, as items of his « is; all other anal had i i its existence, been Bayen, Delaval, Vas those chemists i fens Mepicat Prorrnties ann Uses. ee re rie” pn oe Dj to 3ss. Neutral salts whether they add to its peculiar and valuable effe which these —. other 256 -RHE—RHE _ + Formula for the preparation of the sulphate of rhubarb. - Boil for half an hour six pounds of coarsely powdered , _ — Chinese rhubarb, in-six gallons of water, acidulated with two and a half fluid ounces of sulphuric acid; strain the decoction, and submit the residue to a second. ebuilition ina like quantity of acidulated water—strain as before, and submit it again to a third ebullition. Unite the three tions, and add by smail portions, recently powdered, pure lime—constantly stirring it, to facilitate its action on the acid decoction. When the decoction has become ger ese deposits a red flocculent precipitate, _ and the fluid is changed from a yellow toa crimson colour; " the’precipitate is then to be separated by passing it through a linen cloth and dried—after which, reduce it to powder, and digest in three gallons of alcohol, at thirty-six degrees, in a water-bath, for several hours, at a moderate heat. Separate this solution from the calcareous precipitate, and distil off three-fourths of the alcohol—there then remains ipa ©. 089110) "PL “waned *MOoy Formule— — --# No.1. See Formula 2, of No. 185. OE No. 2. See Formula of No. 443. No. 3. R_ Pulvyeris Ipecacuanhe é Pulveris Rhei, aa Dj’ Make a powder, emetic. Stoerck. _ No. 4. KR Pulveris Rhei, Bs Magnesiz (ust.) ee Ole Anis, = gj For acidity in the : tte Me: So2B, Potassz Carbonatis, Sif eee a ee RHO—RHU 257 No. 6. BR PulverisRhei, a. ! : Jalapez, Hydrargyri sub-muriatis, 4 gr. iij For young persons. Hartman. Excellent—I have used it often. No.7, RB Pulveris Rhei, STs. XXV _ Hydrargyri sub-muriatis, grs. v g “With simple syrup—to be given in the morning, for dysentery. Pringle. No. 458.—RHoDODENDRON Cuntehienom Gold- © en-flowered Rhododendron. Officinal by the Edinburgh College. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 594. No.459.—Ruopoprnpron Maximum. Great Moun- tain Laurel. — specimen, Jeff. Coll. No, 595—figure of the tree, o. 596. Galea? An excellent subject for inaugural aissertatide. See ' Bigelow’s Med. Bot, No -460—Rvs. ban Ch SO 2... Pentantiria Digynia. Nat. ord. Dumose, Lim. Fp to ao Juss, ‘Three species— 1. RHUS TOXICODENDRON. Poison Oak. Cabinet A ager Jeti. Coll. No. 597—figure of the tree, No. 5' And Variety 6 Radicans. Poison vine. ee teas specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. “597*—Bigure of the vine, No. 598". 5. RHUS VERNIX. : Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 599—figure of the tree, No. 600, 3. RHUS GLABRUM. Sumach. Neca maga Jeff. Ce No. Nate oi of the tree, No. 6024 4 @ The leaves of No. 1, officinal by the Soiads dat Edinburgh _ Colleges, and Phar. U. 8. under name of Toaicocendron. ~The variety is identical in medicinal yirtue. Species 3 is officinal in Phar. U. Ss, _ All are indigenous. See Barton’s Collections, Ive#.ed. Paris, Bigelow’s Med. Bot. Details in the Lectures. » . Species 3d, a good subject for an inaugural dissertation—is far frgin being well understood, or properly analyzed. - > : Sp ti 258 RIC—RUB No. 461.—Ricixus Communis. Palma Christi. Cl. 21. Ord. 8. Monoecia Monadelphia. Nat. ord. Tricoccet, Linn. Juss. Cabinet specimens, Jeff. Coll. Nos. 603 and 604—figure of = the plant, No. 605. An annual plant, native of East and West Indies, and South America—now cultivated extensiv for the seeds, in New-Jer » and other parts of the United States. The seeds ie well-known Castor Oil, called CINL OLEUM, and OLEUM RICINI. It is cold express- ed, and expressed by means of heat—the first is steal able, and now generally used. Dose, 33. No. 462.--Rosa, The Rose Tree. a Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 606—fi of the tree, ihren species yield the officinal petals, and distilled water, . €alled Rose-Water, which is astringent. No fi OFFICINALIS. _ Common Rosemary. Cabinet specimens, aan Coll. Nos, 609 and 610—Agure, of the plant, No. 611 — pines ove Tissewity: cn pee and Bare are used a of the poets, and, by as- sockatioa ail with hei song, iceman: : ‘No, 464.—Rusus. oe Species 1—VILLOSUS, and other species, called Blackberry. Gabinet specimens, Jeff. Coll. Nos. 612 and 613—figure of the shrub, No. 614, Species 2—RUBUS TRIVIALIS, Synonym—R. Puan Pallet Renbery- Cabinet specimens, Jeff. Coll. No. 615 oad: 616-—8 e of the shrub, No. 617. i ae Ee, the bark’ of the root of bot, officinal ir For a pote account, ew. P. c, ars Veg. Mat. “Med. U.S. Vol. IL. - No OAS Runs Tixcrorum. Madder—Dyer’ 8 Madder. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. See ope “Theron oe ye D.&U. S.: RUM—SAB- po Bitter ; used as an See when ~~ aiea louring matter tinges the bones. Dose, grs, xy g 35 ‘three or four times a day. I cannot believe ir! it is emmena- gogue, but by its tonic property. No. 466.—_Rumex. Dock. - Species 1—RUMEX BRITANICA, — Synonym—Rumex Root officinal, by Dub. and U.S. eshte a Jeff. Coll. No. 620—figure of the plant, 0. 1 Powerfully astringent. Species 2—RUMEX ORTUSIFOLIUS. Blunt-leayed Dock. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 621°. Officinal, in Phar, U.S. Similar in virtues. ~ Species 3—-RUMEX ACETOSA. Common Sorrel. (Called Sheep’s Sorrel.) Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 622—figure of the plant, No. 623. The leaves officinal, by the Lond. and Edin. Colleges. Acid, austere ; contain super-oxalate of potass—considered antiscorbutic. = The Water Dock. No. 467.—Ruta Graveorens. Common Rue. Cabinet specimens, Jeff. Coll. Nos. 624 and 625—figure of the plant, No. 626. An ancient medicine, to this day officinal, by L. E. and D. Yields an essential oil, and an extract, both .officinal, as above, but left out of Phar. U. S, Only used now in do- _ mestic practice. A plant of the s song, and, with rosemary, have afforded some melancholy touches, in the strains which embrace them: Shakspeare' s Ophelia affords an example. Ss. No -468.—Sasine FOLIA. Savin ee See No. . Dr. Chapa din hg a fu seaman ; it in this disease.”*_ What a vain : tice !. How trifling, and how useless! As in the case of the Flowers of Pea the prac- tice was known Cora years ago!!! sea No. 469 —Saccnanum OFFICINALE: Sugarcane. , Jeff. Coll: No. 627—figure of the plant Native of Affica and Lien Asta as well atin indies and Arabia Felix; eee spontaneously in America hardly true. Is ted in the West Indies and Lou- jsiana, &e. Asclepias Syriaca, Zea Mays, yield st, and at Kamtschatka, Heracleum spondylium, and “Fucus sacchara- Poe Se tue, yi 823, -- Margraff obtained from wot root of shies beet, be oz. pure ashi gares. caren eon gp garg " syTup containing a little sugar. Zobaxir is sugar of bam- boo. Urine of diabetic patients yields sugar. Sugar, as an article of dict, is well known, isa neutral sa- line substance, the acid of which Be or) ; to separate by means of the nitrous that several other both of sugar seem to be an oily and a mucil s thou n Of these substances oon that the selon eile acid bec with alcohol, we easily eo one hdr hor a foc rr y this quahty o | of the « oily gh it is not satisfactoril cnhined how S SA 261 fe by the acid which it contains, it rather tends to emaciate than to fatten the body ; and in this opinion, he observes, that he has the authority of Boerhaave, who says, if this sweet be taken in large quantities, it produces emaciation by dissolving too much of the animal oil. He is therefore much surprised that Mr. John Hunter should recommend sugar and honey as the best restorative to those st i from great debility, by a long course of mercury. It certainly, however, nutritious in such cases, in its ae state, whatevet it may do in its refined state. Those ani mals which wholly feed upon it in the sugar islands, be- come remarkably corpulent; and negro children, whose diet happens for a season to be confined to molasses, are easily distinguished from others by their superior bulk— they are however said to be more disposed to suffer by worms, and are probably less active and healthy. Sugar, however, appears, by the experiments of several writers, to prove deleterious to several kinds of worms, either by immersing them in a solution of sugar, or sprin- kling it upon their bodies ; and 20 grains of | * forced into the stomach of afrog, produced immediate tor- por, and death, which followed in the course of an hour: it also has proved fatal to pigeons, and to the galling kind, but not to sparrows; and with sheep and dogs, it had no other effect than that of a cathartic. Reed. Sugar may certainly be taken into the human stomach, in pretty large quantities, without producing any bad con- sequences, though proofs are not wanting of its mischiev- vous effects, in which, by its attenuating and dissolving the fluids, and relaxing the solids, debility and disease have been said to be produced. Stark, for many days, took 4 ounces of sugar, to 8, 10, 16, and even 20, with bread and water; by which nausea, but no enience, en- No. 470,—Saco. A restorative dietetic. See No. alo; : re No. 471,—Sa. SAP) num. The gum-resin. _ Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 629. _. Officinal by the European Colleges. Is the produet of an | “unknown Persian plant; is one of the alliaceous fetid gums, Dose, gts. x to 588. and, like them, antispasmodic. snes Oy Obese - The bark officinal by Dub. College—must be dried in an oveh—a bitter. tonic. “ fe Species 2.—SALIX ALBA. White Willow. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 632—figure of the tree, bark officinal, as above—very astringent and bitter—of $—SALIX ERIOCEPHALA, and some other indige- nous species. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 634—figure of the tree, No. 635, Officinal in the Phar. U.S. Similar in virtues to the others. » The whole genus is too much neglected: candidates would find plenty to do in examining them, This fine farinaceous powder (mucilage) is prepared from the roots of a gynandrous plant, and is usua brought into commerce from Turkey. Hence it is supposed to be made from the Orchis Morio. But from Mr. Meath’s account, in the 59th vol. of Philosophical Transactions, it may be formed from several other species of Orchis. Cul- Jen says he has seen it prepared in Britain, from the Orchis bi-folio, as pure and perfect as that which comes from Turkey. It is an insipid substance, of which a small quantity, by proper management, converts a large portion of water into mucilage. No, 474.—Satsora. ‘ Several species of sea-side plants, of which this is the gene- ric name, yield soda by incineration. ae Cabinet specimens, Jeff. Coll. Nos. 636, 637, 638, 659, 640; the last one indigenous. s No, 475.—SALVIA OFFICINALIS. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 641. bs Officinal, in the European Colleges; used in gargles—is as- No. 476,—Sampucus. Elder. Species 1—-SAMBUCUS NIGRA. European Elder. = abi ne ! eci i; , Jeff. Coll. Ne .: 642. _ Species 2-SAMBUCUS CAN on Sage. Cabinet specimens, J No. 645. The berries, Officinal in Pharm. U.S. The pith, and flow- ers, are-also used; ointments are eres of both species, and arob ofthe 2d. No, 477.—SancGuInaRIa Cawapensrs, Blood-root Paccoon. Cabinet 7 gage Jeff. Coll. Nos. 646 and ts has if No. 648, * é The root officinal in Phar. U. S. and in Ives’s ed. of Pharm. An important native medicine. For a detailed ac- © count, see W. P. C. Barton’s Veg. Mat. Med. U. S. Vol. Dr. Dana obtained an alkaline vegetable principle from Sanguinaria, for an account of which, see No. 7, Medical and Physical Journal of 1827. No. 478.—Saro Durus. The Hard or : soma | Soap, of the Colleges—used in Sy | and in Surgery. | 3) No, 479.—SaRrcoco.t. Usually in oblong. semi-transparent, value globules, which eee a bitter-sweet taste, and an odour pipes | anise- seed. Does not erystallize—soluble in water and Treated with nitric acid, yields oxalic acid. , and yields Variety +— Liquorice ? dissolves in nitric acid tannin. Treated with sulphuric acid, s about 4 its weight of charcoal. {s not susceptible of Hecutation. No, 480,—S Rs APARILLE RADIX. See No. 496. No, 481..-SassArras. The bark of root and tree— the pith of the young shoots, and the flow- ers, used in medicine, see No. 349, WONIA. The gum-resin, See No. No, 482,— 185. No.483.—ScitLa maritima. Squill. Cl. 6. Ord. 1. Hexandria Monogynia. Nat. ord. Coronariz, Linn. Asphodeli, Juss. Cabinet specimens, Jeff. Coll. ‘No. 649 and 650—figure, No. 651. |. Phe root officinal. Ly ED. & U. s. oe ” A native of Spain, Sicily, Syria, and Barbary. Two varieties, oe 26400 SCI-SCI the white bulb and red bulb—as shown in the cabinet hitter, nauseous, acrid. “hog ex- pressed juice htly reddens litmus paper. The acri- mony pat medicinal virtues depend, is partially dissipated by drying and long keeping; and is completely destroyed by heat of 212° F.; it is extracted by alcohol, water, and vinegar. Vogel found it, on analysis, to con- er sepeee & eee 35, Tannin 24, Citrate of = 5, Saccharine » Woody fibre 30; making ; parts of th the e dried bulb. I anp Uses. In small doses diuretic, and eal expectorant; in larger doses, emetic, yw re—is very stimulating. Used in dropsies, whoop- igh, protracted catarrh, &c. &e. Dose, of dried ‘pill, pest and morning, or every 6 hours— easing to prs. vi or upwards; till nausea is diuresis, and acts by relievi ing the Selle, L. E.D. Oxymel Scillee. L: BD. Poke D. Pulvis Scillz, E. D. Syr- Scille Tinctura Scille, L. D. Mel “Scillee compositus. U.S. An excellent preparation, when well prepared; for which, Dr. Coxe, its Jormulist, deserves _ peat credit. Tt is often carelessly made, and is then dan- ~ gerous; also often uncertain inits operation. I have at- tended at least two cases, in the first families of this city, where death had like to have occurred from its domestic use—the mothers being unacquainted with the fact, that it contained tartar emetic, which I think should be print- -ed on the labels. © ef - Formule— No.1. R Pulv. Digitalis fol. Scilla exsiccat. 83 gr. i Hydrargyri sub-muriatis, Potassz super-tartratis, Bi to 4s to 3 _ Syrupi Zingiberis, =— q. a Thon a bolus, one night ar - Diuretic. - ie No. 2 ‘BR Pulvy. Digitalis fol. —— Scillz exsiccat. — @agrs. iv ae nl ge vi if . _. Extracti gentiane, — Make 24 pills—2 or 3 to be taken ciest and morn- —— we eeshed ——— cupful of the following - S58 A SCL-SER: 265 34 Potasse. super-tartratis, ij _ Aquz ferventis, & Add— — Se : Rad: Zingiberis contrit. 3ss Sacchari purificati, - 3i é: Spir. Juniperi communis, = BJss “ Sive, . Vrms, ia oy In the cure of Hydrothorax.—Maclean. No. 3. See Formula 2, NG See ee ‘No. 4. See Formula 2, No. 330. ' / No. 5. - Oxymel Scillz, _ Syrupi Althea, - Moaiigion Acacia, Make an electuary—of whi i taken. es sees No. 6. BR Tincture scille, Acidi nitric dilut. Extracti hyoscyami, Aquepure, FSS DT Make a draught, to be taken every 5d hour, promoting expectoration.—Bree. i No. 7. See Formulz 2, No. 441. No.8 BR Scille Rad. exsiccat. Pilule Hydrargyri, Opii, ee Make a pill, to be taken 4 nights st Sigh going to bed. Diuretic. fe » No. 9. See Formula 2, No. 439. : No. 10. See Formula of No. 445. No. 11. See Formula 3, No. 441.0 No. 12, See Formula 1, No, 330. — No. 484.—Scitisa. Scilline. - Gabinet specimen Jeff. Coll. No. 652. oe ve ‘The proximiate bitter principle of the prececing. ite, th Leen ; breaks F th a resinous fractures pulverulent ; *Gitteete Bisisture rapidly from the air, “antil it becomes fluid; intensely bitter taste, with a slight degree of sweet- ness; very soluble in water and alcohol. No. 485,—ScROPHULARIA NODOSA. Figwort herb. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. figure, No. 653. oo "The herb officinal by Dublin College. Diuretic, sedative. Our indigenous species deserve an dissertation : we have several. . a : a2. 66 02«2=C*«‘“(Y”*SOCSEGLSEN No, : SECALE CEREALE. The Rye. . Nat. . fam. Cerealiz. noes Contains sugar, as is by the quantity of whiskey eared poe it. “It velba «oy weight in muci 3 Is Does not show any milkiness in ga eres with’ it 3, hence Dr. Cullen says, its oil is le io combination... Is more readily acescent all cerealia, therefore, it is likely, there is not a due | of oi}, It is decidedly laxative as bread; rye ft or hasty-pudding is a good laxative, and is nou- - ishing. Soonle cornutum, or Ergot, is produced from it. - SECALE CORNUTUM. Ergot—Spurred Rye. __ Cabinet specimens, Jeff. Coll. Nos. 654, 655, 656. _ A parasitic fungus, infesting the glumes of some of the : pag icularly the preceding ; ‘slate-coloured exter- low-white within; variable in size and form, but equently resembling the cock’s spur, whence one of its “names. Taste at first, not decided ; subsequently, disa- * res nauseating, and sub-acrid. Yields its active pro- 3 _ perties to water and alcohol. a ‘iabhas Prorentizs ann Uses. Long known as an active substance; but first peepee by Dr. Stearns, as a remedy _ t0 overcome the difficulties of perverse parturition. It has = has en sec wg and as strenuously recommended; 4 Berri Tartaviaat 4 83 “fe _ Make an elec the size of a nutmeg, the dose. Cat 268 SEN—SIM No.2. R Folioram Senne, .. Bij : Sodz-Sulphatis, B Aquez fervent. OF Infuse, and decant, for an enema. No. 3. _ BR Confectionis Sennz, iss _ Sulphuris Precipitat. ss Syrupi Ros. q-s Make an electuary, of which a portion, the size of | a nutmeg, may be taken 3 or 4 times a day, until the bowels are sufficiently open. In hemor. _ rhoids. No.4. RB Infusi Senna, £Zij Sodz Tartarizatis, Bi Aguz Cinnamomi, fZss Make a solution, to be taken in two or three doses. Cathartic. ; No. 5. R ‘Infusi Senne, £3j Tinct. Senna,et Tinct. Jalapz, aa £3) Potasse Tart. 3j Syrupi Senne, ~ 3) Make a draught, to be taken early in the morning. Cathartic. . E . 2 Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 667. ; I propose this name, in lieu of Cathartine. : The purgative bitter principle of the preceding, uncrystal- lizable, reddish-yellow, peculiar smell, nauseous bitter _No. 490.—Sewnta. (Cathartine.) Sennine. — = mains to be done with it. No. 491.—Serpenrariz Rapix. The root of Vir- ginia Snake-root, commonly called Serpen- taria. See No. 75. : No. 492.—-Srvum. Suet. See No. 409. No, 493.—Simarousa. The bark of a species of Quassia. See No. 452. /SIN—SMI 269 494.—Stnapis ALBA. Mustard, Jeff. Coll. No. 668, called black, and hite—figure, No. 670. A tetradynamons cruciform plant, yielding the common well- known condiment, chiefly useful in medicine as a cata- plasm. See Vol. I. of these Gutlines, p. 194. : Orricrwat, Cataplasma. L.D. Emplustrum Meloes comp. E. sy ~ ‘Formula— 2 Farine Sinapis, } aa Fes Pulv. Salvie officinalis, Pulv. Zingiberis, Make a powder, of which, 3 tea-spoonfuls are to be piven every morning before breakfast. In Epi- epsy and Chorea,——Oifo. Z After being some days administered, Dr. Otto directs, that it be intermitted for a day or two. Dr. Hewson observes, (MS.) “The advantage of this practice is questionable. In the above doses, the medicine sometimes proves emetic. To prove efficacious, the remedy must be continued for some weeks, and even months,” No, 495.—S1um LaTIFOLiIuM. An _umbelliferous, aquatic poisonous plant. See Orfila’s Toxicology. _. We have several indigenous species, which are worth inves- tigation—they are chiefly sub-aquatic plants. This notice © for candidates. ‘ ; Z A __ SIUM NODIFLORUM. Procambent water-parsnip—is of. e wat ficinal, (the herb,) by the Dublin College. No. 496,—Sm1Lax. —_ Cl. 22, Ord. 6. Divecia iexandria. Nat. ovd. Sarmentacex, Lina. Asparagi, Juss. he Species 1—SMILLAX SARSAPARILLA. Sarsaparilla. Cabinet’ specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 671, and No. 672 is the American Smilax Sarsaparilla, (from Jersey)—figure of the plant, No. 673. OrrreisAt. Fadia: Sarsapariliz, of the Colleges. Native of South America, the West Indies—and indigenous. That of commerce, is chiefly imported from the Spanish West Indies. Humboldt states, that nearly 5000 quintals are annually exported from Vera Cruz. Quaitiss. Inodorous, slight mucilaginous bitter taste— imparts its virtues to alcohol and boiling water. The _ Watery infusion has a brown colour, and reddens litmus ; paper. - “ 7 ee _ SMI—SMI ** What is commonly called by the English, in India, Country Serseperite, is not the root of > Smilax Sursaparilla, which is, however, occasional ght to the Coroman Aly Dre M . del Coast, from America—but that of Periploca Indica, (a -pentandrous plant,) a common Indian plant, described by as having narrow, acute, glabrous leaves. The two roots each other very much in appearance and qualities ; both being inodorous, muci and, in a slight degree, bitter. The Smilax Perfoliata, (Linn.) is a native of Cochin-China, where it is called #-giai, and is supposed to have similar virtues to sarsaparilla. The Peri- ploca Indica is recommended by the Tamool Doctors, in cases of gravel and strangury, given in powder, mixed with cow’s milk; they also give it in decoction, in conjunction with cummin-seeds, to purify the blood, and correct the acrimony of the bile.” The Periploca Indica, **has a twining, round, ash-coloured stem; a pair of leaves from each joint, almost sessile, bright-green above, and pale underneath, with many flowers, which sit close.” Ainslie’s Mat. Indica. TAMUS SYPHILITICA is another root, much used for Mepicat Properties anp Uses. Very well known to be useful, and te in the treatment of syphilis, and all its conséCutive alfections; and greatly useful as an adjunct to mercury. Yet { do not know, I confess, what to call it; whether diaphoretic, diuretic, or what; to call it Sarsapa- : rilla, seems to be all one can do—and it is to me a puzzle, = to know by what property it is efficacious; and yet I know, by twenty heneat wists 361 so. eae yn 8 is a stupid way of giving it, 3j to 5j—should always be ad- plac Ag da officinal Pia Bato 8 which are :—— Deeoctum Sarsaparille. L.¥E. D. & U. 8. Decoctum rile comp. D. & U. 8, Eaxtractum Sarsaparille. L. Viis jatter isan absurd preparation ; 1 should as soon expect to extract mental fire from a fool, “as sanativeness from Sar- Species 2—SMILAX CHINA. China Root. (TZsinaw.) % Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 674—(Thgse are rare — roots in commerce now.) - "Tamus Pseudo-China, or Bastard China root—root large— om also, Bastard Ij and Wild Yam, is substi- — -and sold for it. Roots yield a reddish sago. Root , tuberous, knotty; dark reddish-brown colour outside, "© yeddish-white within. The native Indians, like the Japa- _ ‘Tiése, suppose it efficacious in old venereal cases ; and in- eases where the limbs are stiffened. It grows abundantly in the province of Onansi, China; it is cultivated in Upper SOD-—SOD ort India. According to the Abbe Rochm, in his voyage to Madagascar, t Dainese often eat this substance instead of | s rice; and he says, that it contributes to make them lusty. Lately, much neglected by European practitioners; ac- cording to Aitkin, it contains about one-half the weight of the root, in bland nutritive matter. Ac i to Dr. » Flemming’s experience in Bengal, either as an auxiliary to mercury, or for improving the general health, after its use, it is equal to Sarsaparilla. 2 drachms, given twice daily, in decoction of the same root, in cases requiring antiscor- butics and diaphoretics, The Smilax pseudo China, call- ed by the Hindoos, Muhaisa; and by the Chinese, Cum- Kong-Cunn; is used by the latter, in place of the true China — root. There are 10 other species medicinal, but not much known or used. Brown, in his History of Jamaica, says, it grows in the cool inland parts of the island, having a crook- ed root, thick as the arm, and climbing to the top of the tallest trees—esteemed much there, and said not to be in- *__ ferior to that of East India. It yields a gum in Jamaica, called /zititi, which the natives chew, to fasten the teeth. No. 497.—Sop# murias. Common Salt. Much commended, in checking hzmoptisis and for worms, by Rush—he recommended a table-spoonful, to be dis- solved in the mouth during an attack of bleeding, in the first affection—and for the other, Formula RK Sodz Muriatis, Zit Coccinelle, ij : Make a powder—half a dr. the dose.—Rush. No. 498.Sop# suB-Boras. L. D. & U.S. Boras Sode. E. Borax—or Sub-borate of Soda. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. he ee ly, in powder mixed wi ee ry ane a linctus with 8 or 10 parts of honey; for aphthe, very efficacious. Orric. Pree. Mel Boracis, L. No. 499.—Sop# sus-carsonas. L. E. D.& uJ. 5, Sub-carbonate of Soda. ‘i Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 676.2: In octohedral prisms, truncated at the summits of the pyra- mids ; eMntentek in thie air; garni sapiens d fusion, i ail ae ions carb, acid 20.7; soluble in 2 parts water, at 60° F.; insolu-- 272 - $OD—SOL - ble in alcohol. Dose, grs. x to 3j, twice a day, or oftener, pro re ction Antacid, Diuretic, Antilithic. ae B Sodz Sub-carbonatis, gis. x . _» Infus. Quassiz, f3j Ses. cc Pinet. Calumbe, ... £332). “Make a draught, to be taken twice aday. Anti- lithic. eo Noe <3 Be Sodz ah aalibatte gr. x Misture Amygdal. £3j tS ~ Bal. Copaibz, (ope mucilag. ae: mist. ) fZss Tinct Opii, Tv Make a draught, to be taken when in pain. Anti- lithic. _ No, 500.—Sopaz Surrnas. L. E.D.& U.S. (Ne = tron Vitriolatum. P. L. 1787—Sal Cathar- ticus Glauberi. P. L. 1745. )—Sulphate of Soda, (called Glauber Salt. x. _ Quantities. Appearance well known; very efflorescent, in which state it is twice as strong as before ; consits of sul- phuric acid 24.64, soda 19.36, water 56 ; _water £3j at 60° F. dissolves 5:ijss; more soluble i in boiling water—in- soluble in alcohol. Dose, 3j, or less; a well-known com- mon nauseous but efficacious purgatiy e. i See Formule 1, 2, of No. 367. No. 501.—SonAsum Duicamara. (1st species.) Woody Nightshade—or Bitter Sweet. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 677—figure, No. 678. © A pentandrous plant, indigenous; the stipites, or small twigs, : are officinal—bitter narcotic; contain solana—used in cutaneous diseases. No. 502,—SOLANUM NIGRUM. Black Nightshade. - . Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 679—figure, No. 680. The leaves and berries. Narcotic—contain solana. No. a TO Solanine. he alkaline proximate principle of the two precedi Nos. _ discovered by M. Destosses, of Besangon ; ines tm the leaves of No. 501, but not in those of No. 502; nk eee abundantly in the berries of No. 502, 2 ~* = Wo, “507. —SPiGELtA. Maamaxpica. Carolina ae Pink. a e Cabinet specimen, Jef. Coll. No. 685—figure, No. 686. The root officinal by L. E. D. & U.S. For adetailed account, see W. P. C. Barton’s Veg. Mat. Med. U. S. Vol. If. No. 508. —Sroncra OFFICINALIS. Sponge, - SOL—SPO 273 Quauitizs. Perfectly pure, isin a mee sometimes, — pearly powder—inodorous, nauseous, slightly. bitter, the latter Pe ig? more developed hy its union ae particularly the acetic. Its salts mery ii ; « ~ tions giving by evaporation, a gi easily pulverized ; insoluble in cold v solves only one eight-thousandth “part a small portion; affects substances ‘ “by ‘Gacitties restores the blue of turnsole paper rubified by acids; unites with acids in the-cold, and yields perfectly neutral salts with care ; saturated by a small quantity of acid. — MeEnrcaL Prorsnrresaxn:Uses, Vomits, and induces sleep; F- _ less narcotic than opium; has not been employed i Rete te ugne seis therefore. & UUs ise erate ime! tn : sertation. vee So. 504, —So1tpaco Ovona. Anise-scented | en-rod, Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. tio, 681. * Is officinal in. Pharm. U.S. The leaves should be investi- gated by some candidate. The Solidago ors of Europe, is ofucinal by the Dublin College. _No. 505.—Sp. Cabinet specimen, . Jeff. Coll. No. 689—figuse, No. 683. Officinal by L. E. D.—Not used in the U. 8. * No. 506.—Sprirz4 Tomentosa. Hardhach. Cabinet spééimenJeffy Coll. No. 684. -. The — officinal by the Pharm. U. S. —should be select- ed as the subject of some candidate’s thesis. Used in surgery by pharmaceutical preparation; - and when burnt, has been used in scrofulowa and goitre. See No. 275. ‘morning, with a draught cca scrophulous cases. —Z/ - * STA—STA “No: 509.—Staticmitis Gampociorpes. (Willd.} — Gambogia—-Cambogia—-Gamboge---The _Gum-resin of the leaves, branches, and : “Garcinia. (Gaertner.) Gumma Gutta, (Linn) cl. Palygamin Ord. Monecia. Nat. ord. Tricocez. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 687—figure, No. 688. A tall tree, the trunk 6 to 12 feet in circumference, moder- — branching. The wood is white; the external bark is Plecket: red beneath this, and yellowish-white inte- “Bruit a 5 smooth, globular-whitish, or rosaceous berry, crown — ©. ish-yellow colour extern: ~ anda bright-yellow with ed by the lobes and style, containing long pa ec seeds, several in number. This tree is a native of the kingdom of Siam, and of Ceylon, where itis known by the names Ghokatu, Gohkata, or Gohlatha. The best kind is called Ceylon Gamboge; an inferior kind is obtained in those countries from the Carcapulli of Rheede, which is the ia gutta of Linnaus. The Siamese Gamboge, is. yielded by the Garcinia morella—and is in tears. Thee Mexican Gamboge, or Gambooge, is yielded by the Vismia _ itifera, and Vismia Sessiliflora. “The drops or tears of n Gamboge, are obtained by breaking the leaves and joots. In Ceylon, the bark of the Stalegmitis vides, is wounded by a sharp stone, and the leaves al young branches cut, to obtain it. It is first collected in cocoa-nut shells, thence transfe ed into earthen jars, where it remains until nearly “ake, whien it is formed into rolis, and wrapped up in leaves. Brought i into Europe am this country, first by the Daichs ae cases or i Besides the Gambogia Gutta of Linneus, sev eral apeties of Hypericum, Chelidonium fi um, and several other plants, yield a yellow juice, ) coneretes in tears and dvops; but the tree whic ‘ds the true Gamboge, i is the Stelugmitis, as cl learly established by Kenig, who resided many yearsat Tranquebai ere are other plants, doubtless, of the family of Guttifera, which yicld a similar concrete. L have little that several-species of Cheli- donium, the 4 inaria Canadensis, &c. would yield a similar substance. Qvatitizs. Gamboge is js inodorous, » solid, cays, opaque, : “friable, breaking with a vitreous rarer of a deep brown- ally, or when exposed to the air; on ing rant a. des hue, on exposure, on its recent fracture, which ye on se ee me =e - eee aos ; gate to their wounds, - yy pur ut produced death in 2 . »y sympatl netic involvement of the! ‘ ‘yous: ‘y instances, or by acting like burns ye without an esehar, when put on wounds. Produces me ~ man, as in anithals, a specific action on the digestive — wers; a large dose producing yomiting, and perhaps — pation and gangrene; 4 dose excites the ac- ntary nd produces abundant liquid istered in fractional parts, and — es the colic nor hypercathar- — cused. It has theretore been ie Se : STA—STR ~ given suecessfaly in dropsies, in torpor from constitu- "tional inactivity of the bowels, in melancholy and gouty systems, and in various chronic diseases; also as a vermi- mann, &c. have used it with success, in ascites, anasarca, . og ake years hiccough. By others it bas been used jn jaundice, intermittent fevers, and above all, recom- a ‘mended strenuously as a remedy for worms, lumbrici, and enia. « Barrere says, the external application removes pains; has also cured ulcers of an ill conditioned character, topically used. Orfila’s experiments, however, on dogs, show this should be cautiously done. Dose, from 2 to 5 or -. 6 grains. Herenchwand, and Nuffer, used it as a specific - © for tenia; and it forms the anthelmintic elixir of Spielman. - Jsinall pills used for dropsies, and in many pharmaceutical compounds. Pe Orere. Pur. Pilule Cambogize compositx. LB. S “No. 510.—Sr annum. Tin. : — _ Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 689. ‘The powder and filings are officinal by the European Col- leges, and the U. $. I never met with any one who had used either. ee 7 No. 511.-—-Sravisacria Srmina. Yield Delphia. “See Nas. 225 and 226. ee aa — No. 512.—Sratice CAROLINIANA. Marsh Rose- Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 690. Indigenous; the root officinal by Pharm. U. 8. It should be dates, -691—figure No. 692 » smooth, pulpy berry, con- bout 7 of an inch in diame- we very bitter. Rheed ache, Horus Malabee fuge. Hechsctter, Lister, Werloff, Spindler, and Wich- — ~ farther tried—I recommend it for experiment, to candi- _ $3, eo = # _ . “STRSTR arr The seeds, known by the name of Nua-vomica, have been very long know in commerce, and in the Materia Medica, as a deleterious. poison. Messrs. Braconnot, Desportes, Chevreul, and others, have chemically analyzed them. The last found them to contain, 1. a gum, 2. a peculiar matter of an anima] nature, 3. an intense bitter principle, 4. a fixed oil, and 5. a colouring yellow matter; and that _ the poisonous qualities of the seed are owing to its bitter principle. sec Qvaurries. The Arabs first introduced these seeds into the Materia Medica, and knew their violent action on the ani- _ mal system. - Their accounts were proved, by the experi- ence of Mathiole, Fred. Hoffman, Wepfer, Conrad Gesner, Linnzus, Brunner, Lossin, De Hyde, Seutter, Sorbais, and more recently hy Desportes, Magendie, Delisle, Orfila and others. They have found these seeds noxious to man, _ > ly, rejected t ous eff e roasted state, Hoffman says, 15 grains kille _ years old. A scruple kills a dog; a mr 3, and a cat by 4 grains. Loss howe a us’s accounts of its effects in _ Aa a i are not encouraging. Loureiro recommends it, in fluor _ albus, by torrifying it to such an extent, that it becomes black; which he says renders it safe, and does not de- eo ee stroy its medicinal virtues. Murray relates, that Ludovic, aoe eS Widél, Buchner, and Hartman, have cured intermittents ae with it. Schulz used it in extract, for worms; and Jung- hans in alcoholic tincture, for the same purpose. It has been used in mania, hypochondria, hydrophobia, hysteria. It has done most good in paralysis, hemiplegia, chorea. Fouguier thus used it in doses of 2 grains, 2 or 3 times a ~ . D. 14.—Styrcuna. © Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 693. _ Strychnine is obtained from— 1, Strychnos. Nux-vomica. sk 2. Sirychnos Ignasi, or St. Ignatius’s Bean. 2 3: Sirychnos Colubrinium, or Snake wood. - 4. -Upas, or Jaya poison. Mode of preparation.—A solution of I Jead, is added to a solution of alco xtract of nux- i : Yomica, in water, until no more precipitate is thrown aye down; the strychnine remains in solution, with a portion Sea _ __ of colouring matter, and occasionally an excess of acetate ~~ of lead. This is separated by sulphuretted hydrogen, -sub-acetate of with magnesia. The latter unites with — d throws down the strychnine, the - It is now to be washed in cold d in alcohol, to separate the remaining e the alcohol, and the pure strychnine e native state, the strychnine is supp bein union with a new acid, called by Caventou and Pelletier, Agasuric acid, from the Malay name of the St. ignatius’s Bean. It is scarce: uble in cold water, re- : t 5U° F. 6667 parts to dissolve it; boiling water little more than double of boiling water; a id water, of ontaining consequently one 6667th part of be 1, ee ucine is not material, in the are similar on the s No. 515.—STyRaAx. Species 1—STYRAX OF _ another method of extracting strychnine, by boiling nux- vomica in water, and evaporating the decoction to a sy- rup; adding lime, which unites with the acid, and frees the _ strychnine; alcohol is then used to separate the strychnine from the lime; and when the alcoholic solution is evapo- rated, strychnine is obtained; it is rendered purer by a re- dissolution in alcohol, and crystallization. : Qualities similar to nux-vomica, but more intense; one eighth of a grain kills a large dog, and 4 of a grain pro- » duces marked effects on the human system. Has been _used in the same cases as nux-vomica, Formule— - ¢ Pills of one-twelfth, or one-eighth of a grain~ Pure Strychnine, 2 grains ¢ Mix. Soe ome Cons. Roses. $drachm §° fag Divide into 24 equal pills. Tincture Strychnine— jot Alcohol, j ‘1 Strychnine. ee Mix. e from 6 to 15, or 25 drops, in mixture or drink. a of Strychnine— . Distilled water, $i a : oe ee Pure Strychnine, Ygrain OMix, White Sugar, 2 drachms fy ae A desert spoonful, to be taken morning and evening: — _ Cl. 10. Ord. 1. Deean aise aak ante Linn. Guaiacine, Ju Ei Sat a, s Balsam. L. Sty OrricrnaL. _ OFFicrnat. Benzoinu inum, Lond. Styracis officinalis; Bal- 2 samum, Edin. Benzoe; Resina. Dub. Benzoin—a Bal- sam. Styrax Benz vi : Balsamum—the Balsam. U.S. A native of Sumatra, and the East Indies. Two sorts Ben- zoin in India ; the finer and dearer of which the Tamools cal! Malacea Sambranie; it is the head benzoin of com- merce ; the other kind they eall Sambranie, which is pool =» benzoin, sometimes called Caffre’s beard. Finest kind very Ig fragrant; little or no taste—white or yellowish, sometimes ; translucent and brittle; obtained by wounding the tree near the origin of lower branches—the other is an inferior sort, a brownish colour, harder, and mixed with impurities. + This balsam is brought to, India from Sumatra; it is also ‘ age in Siam, Loos, and Java. The inferior kind burnt y Malays and Arabs, to perfume temples and houses. The Hindoos, particularly the Tamools, use it in doses of from 4 to 15 grains, in consumption and asthma. Orric. Prev. Acidum Benzoinum. L. E. D. & U. 8. Tine- tura Benzoini. L. E. D. . ee For pecimens, see Profess Cabinet, Jeff. Officinal—Succinum of the Colleges. — : , _ Orric. Prev. Acidum succinum. E. D. Oleum Succini. L. ~~ _E.D. Never used in thé U. S. probably because it is so dear, and ter Ae be had pure—a factitious oil of amber is usually sold and prescribed. I never used either, _and know nothing, from experience, on the subject. : LPHUR SUBLIMATUM, of the Colleges, of Sulphur. specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 698. : A well known laxative diaphoretic, used in cutaneous affec- _. tions ; it renders the patient intolerably offensive. Ionce had a gun-boat full of men, at Norfolk, with itch, whom I bad separated from the crew of the frigate United States, a #” whom I directed the sulphur ointment—the stench Orrre. Pree. ge apc LE. D. Cabinet specimen, heir bodies was horrible, _ Jeff. Coll. No Sulphur precipitatum. L. Un tum Sulphuris. L. EB. D. & U.S. U; ; nef. & te D J nguentum Sulphuris 6 SWI—TEU 281 Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 700—figure, No. 701. Indigenous. Fora detailed account, see W. P. C. Barton’s Veg. Mat. Med. U. 8. Vol. U. No. 519.—SwiETEN1a. ‘PEBRITUGA. Febrifuge Swie- tenia. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 702—figure, No. 703. ~ The bark is officinal by the Dublin College. Tonic and _ febrifuge in dose 3ss. The Cabinet specimen was given — me, by the late Professor Barton. No. 520.—SympLocarPus FOTIDA. _ Skunk Cab- — bage. Cabinet specimen Jeff. Coll. Nos. 704 and 705—figure, No. 706. — Indigenous~antispasmodic, For a detailed account, see W. P. C. Barton’s Veg. Mat. Med. U. 8. Vol, I. . Tt. eS 3 FOLIA, The leaves of Tobacco. os, 897 and 398. No, 522,—Tamaninpus Inpica. The ‘Tamarind _ - tree. Cabinet Specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 707 figure, No 708. No. 523.—TanaceTUuM vuLGARE. T Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. Nos. 09 No. 711. One of the corymbifere yaks an. are very bitter, and said to be No. yescoTasiéek. See No. 323. No. 525,—Trresinrana and Tessa 1 i um. See No. 424. sii Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. figure, No. 714. Officinal by the Dublin College. ras. > 282 | THU—VAL _ An aromatic errhine, without narcotic power, enters into the = Pulvis Asari compositus of E. D. ae TIGLIT OLEUM. Croton Oil. See No. 200. No. 527.—Tuuya a —— ARTICULATA. Yield gum Sandarach ; though the Juniperus oxycedrus is usually supposed to produce it. No. 528.—Totv. The Balsam of Toluifera Balsamum. . Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 715. No. 529.—TormentTILLa ERECTA. Common Tor- mentil, (in Europe,) or Septfoil. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 716—figure of the root, Bo, F169. tae The root officinal, by L. E. D. Colleges—astringent—not — used in the United States. ~ No, 530.—Triosrrum perrouratum. Fever Wort. - Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 7 e of the plant, No. 718. ae Indigenous—for a detailed account, see W. P. C. Barton’s =e Veg. Mat, Med. U. §. Vol: L No. 531.—Tussi1LaGo FARFARA. Common Colts- foot, (in Europe.) _ Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. figure, No. 719. The leaves and flowers officinal, by the L. E. D. Colleges— ‘not used in the United States, 532.—V ALERIANA OFFICINALIS. Officinal, or Great Wild Valerian. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 720—figure of the root, a Cl. 3. Ord. 1. Triandria Monogynia. Nat. ord. Aggregate 3 ~Dipsacezx, Juss. gk ee -_, Radix. The root officinal, by the Colleges of Europe and _ United States. A native of Europe. oe. ee Quatirres. Strong peculiar unpleasant odour—warm bit- : terish sub-acrid taste. By Trommsdorff’s analysis, con- tains a greenish white liquid volatile oil, on which its vir- tues depend; and which, from its odour and taste, con- tains camphor, sp. gr. at 77°F. 0.9340; exposed to light, becomes yellow—a small portion of nitric acid converts . VER—VER 283. it into resin, and a larger one into oxalic acid. The ex- pressed juice of the root contains starch, extractive, and gum—while the roots, deprived of this juice, yield a por- tion of black-coloured resin, but consist chiefly of woody fibre. The active property of the root, is extracted b alcohol, boiling water, and solutions of the pure alkalies. Menicat Prorertizrs anp Usss. Antispasmodic, and sup- posed emmenagogue—given in hysteria, epilepsy, hemi- crania, and other neuroses. In hypochondriasis, may be given in substance, combined with aromatics. Dose, of the powdered root, }j to 3j, 3 or 4 times a day, Orrre. Pree. Extractum Valeriane. D. (a bad prepara- _ tion.) Infusum Valerione. D. & U.S. Tinetura Valeri- ane. L. D. & U. S. Tinctura Valeriane ammoniata. L. B. D. & U.S. . No, 533.—VeratRuM atsum. White Hellebore, or Veratrum. = Synonyms—Helleborus albus. Pharma. Lond. & Edin. Cas ‘olygamia Monoecia, Nat. ord. Coronariz, — Linn. et, Juss. Cabinet ease Jeff. Coll. No. 722—figure of the root, No. 7. Radix. The root officinal, by the Colleges. Supposed to be the Earsegor revues of the Greek writers. . Quatities, Roots and every part of the plant, very acrid — ; and poisonous. According to Pallas, Kalm, and Gunner, — leaves and seed deleterious to animals. The dried root has and in the face and head, tongue and throat, follow singultus; and finally, violent vomiting. Bergius experi- enced distressing symptoms, by only tasting the infusion. In large doses, produces bloody stools—acts powerfully on _ the nervous system, producing great anxiety, tremors, vertigo, aphonia, interrupted respiration, sinking of the pulse, convulsions, spasms, cold sweats, and death. Post - mortem examinations, show inflammation of the stomach, with corrosions of the internal coat—lungs inflamed, and filled with dark blood. (See Albert, Jurisprudence Me- - dical, vol. vi. p. 718.) Contains Veratria. Mepicat Prorertiss anp Uses. The ancients used it in ob- stinate chronic diseases—in mania, melancholia, dropsy, VER—VER _ elephantiasis, epilepsy, lepra, rabies canina, &c.; and coti- sidered. ssteat, whee itn ited—d d it unsafe for weak constitutions, for women, children, old men, and pulmonary patients—observed it cure, even when it did not 3 affect the prime vie. Has been used in later times, advan- é _ tageously, in mania, in doses of 2 or 3 grains of the ex- _ tract. Gesner used it as an alterative, with great success. Greeding tried it in 28 cases of mania and melancholy— _ cured 5—relieved many more, and on the others it had no effect. He used the bark of the root—1 grain; and in- creased, ling to its effects—some required 8 grains, or even 3j. He also used Stoerck’s extract. In almost every case, it acted on all the excretions. A florid redness was produced on, the face, and cutaneous efflorescences “on the body; in some, eae ge ae, cg were produced, F with fever, which required bleeding—critical evacuations ~*~ also, with profuse sweating, increase of saliva, and mucous secretions. Uterine obstructions, of long continuance, were removed by it. Has been found useful in epilepsy— most useful in scabies, herpes, lepra, &c.; used external- ly, as well as internally. Finally, it is a poison, in over- ose—a powerful and stimulating irritant, in a proper dose. Ts not'a native of this country, as stated in Coxe’s Dispensa- tory. Veratrum is derived from verare, i, e. vera logui, because it turns the mind to a sane from an insane state. 2B i Orric. Parr. Detgetum Veratri. L. &. U.S. Tinctura Ve- a ratri albi. E. Unguentum Verairi. L. Unguentum Sulph. No. 534.—Veratrum viripe. Green Hellebore. — % one specimen, Jcff. Coll. No. 724—figure of the root, — NO. fc oasis - root officinal, by the Pharm. U. S., which directs an ig ~ ointment and a tincture of it. See Bigelow’s Med. Bot. No. 535.—Veratria. Veratrine. _ Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 726, The alkaline proximate principle of Veratrum sabadilla, and Colchicum autumnale, obtained by the analysis of MM. Pel- mee s and Caventou. Their tebe) of sabadilla firnished— 1, A fatty compound, composed of oil, adipocire,.and ceva- dic acid; 2, Wax 3 3. Yellow extractive colouring matter ; 4. Veratrine, aaa with gallic acid an acid salt; 5. Gum; _ 6. Woody fibre. The ashes, which were in small quan- tity, were almost wholly composed of the carbonate and _ Phosphat of lime, with some traces of the hydrosulphate oo VER—VIO — and ¢arbonate of potass, and silica. M eissn, gives the most elaborate analysis of this st © 0.43, ound it to consist.of—Fixed oil 24.2; adinoci : wax 0.1; resin, soluble in ether, 1.45; resin, insoluble in _ ether, 8.43; verutrine 0.48; bitter extractive, wit defined acid, 5.97 ; sweet extractive 0.65; gum 4.8: oxy- genated extractive (ultrine ?) which may be extracted by _ = potass, 24.14; woody fibre 20.56; phyteumacolle with hy. drochlorate of potass, and a vegetable salt withabase 6f po. tass, 1.21; oxalate of lime with bassorine 1.06; water6.4, The root of the veratrum album or tommune yields; 1.A fatty matter composed of oil, adipocire, and an acid simi- lar to the cevadic, but incrystallizable; 2. Yellow extrac- - tive colouring matter; 3. Acid galate of veratrine; 4. Gum; 5. Fecula; 6. Woody fibre. The ashes contain carbonates of potass and lime, aes of lime and sili we. elletier and Caventou. Quatrrizs. Scarcely soluble in cold water—boiling water dissolves one thousandth of its weight, becoming sensibly acrid—very soluble in ether—more so in alcchol—soluble in all vegetable acids, which it saturates, and forms with them inerystallizable salts, which, on evaporation, resem- ble gum—the sulphate alone affords rudiments of crystals, when its acid is in excess—insoluble in alkalies—restores the blue of turnsole paper rubified by acids. Liquefies by heat of 122°F. resembling wax; on cooling, forms a __ translucent mass, resembling somewhat the appearance of amber. A dose of 4 of a grain, produces copious alvine discharges. If the dose be increased, more or less violent x. "vomiting ensues. Little is knewn of its powers and effects, and it chotte-te-tecther ied. I recommend it for an inau- — gural thesis. (mag, No. 536.—VeronicA Becc ABUNGA, ie Brooklime. ay “Cabinet specimen, figure, No. 727. ~ Indigenous—out of use. No. 537.—VioLA opokATA. Sweet Violet. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 728—figure of the plant, No. 729.. - : Yields the flowers—officinal by the London and Dublin Colleges; and from which the Syrupus Viol of E. D. is obtained. 2 No. 538.—Vio1ina. Violine. = ae _. An alkaline bitter acrid principle, similar to emeta, obtained ___ by M. Boullay, from the roots, leaves, flowers, and seeds, VOL. 11. Bb ees: Le ee. § 286, VIS—ULM of the preceding. It is probilllle that the emetic viola, _ which forms a part of ipecacuanha, contains it. Orfila says itis highly poisonous. This is a good subject for a “thesis. We have numerous indigenous species, which I __ haye always thought, from their sensible properties, and _\» © from the family to which they belong, active plants. The viola pedata—one of these, is officinal in the Pharm. U. 8. No, 539.—Viscum. Misletoe. = ~ A c plant—interesting from its Druidical history—good ~ for nothing in medicine. ' ‘ Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No, 730. — No, 540.—V INUM VINIFERA. Common Vine. s Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. figure, No. 731. - The raisins, called uve passe, are officinal, and used in phar- macy; in making some preparations—every body knows what the fresh fruit produces. The officinal wine is the sherry, or Vinum album Hispanum. Edin. Used in mak- ing officinal wines. U. No, 541.—Umus rutva. Slippery elm. Cl. 5. Ord. 2. Pentandria Digynia. Nat. ord. Scabridx, Linn. , Juss. Cabinet > ese Jeff, Col. No. 732, and No. 733—figure, No. 734, : ee. Orricinat, Liber—the inner bark. Phar. U. S. The elm bark is made up of mucilage, and in infusion, which is aromatic, constitutes a more agreeable lubricating pti- san, than any article 1 know. I have used it a great deal in dysentery—it is nutritious. ‘The powder, moistened with water, is an excellent application to excoriated nip- __ ples; and it never causes the babe to reject the breast. Yields Ulmia. Decoctum Ulmi comp. Formula. RB Decoctiulmi, — Oviij ’ Ligni Sassafras, et Guaiaci, 44 3 j Corticis Mezerei, 31) | Radicis Glycyrrh, 3) . Boil for half an hour, and decant. Dose, half a int, or a pint, daily. Henry Jeffreys. Recom- ended in syphilitic eruptions, and rheumatic pains, connected with that taint. T. T.H. (MS.) . = A spontaneous exudation, from the preceding and other elm trees. Berzelius hints, that it probably is a component of UPA—XAN_ eae every bark. It is solid, black, hard, shining, insipid—so- luble in water, but dogs not form mucilage—insoluble in alcohol—precipitated by nitric and oxymuriatic acids, in the state of resin. a. No, 543,—Upas antrar. The celebrated Upas tree—the poison of the East Indies, about which so much fable existed, prior to the in- vestigations of our countryman, Dr. Horse- field, of Java. ; W. No, 544,—Wintera aromAtica. Winter’s Bark’ tree. ee : Cl. 13. Ord. 4. Polyandria Tetragynia. Nat. ord. Magno- liz, Juss. ’ Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 735. + Orvicinat, Winter aromatice, Cortex. Edin. Winteraaro-— matica, Cortex U.S. Winter’s Bark. 2 Native of the straits of Magellan—a large evergreen tree— discovered in 1577, by Captain Winter, Whose name it bears; very rare—scarcely ever met with in the shops. Quatirizs. Aromatic odour—pungent, hot, spicy taste, slowly imparted, but very permanent—contaias a volatile oi], on which its properties depend; it may be obtained __ by distillation in water. MEDreax_Prorertizs anp Uses. A warm aromatic, adapt- éd to every p which such a medicine is proper— has been used in scurvy; combined with simple bit- ters in dyspepsia—resembles ith which it is confounded. 4 45.—Wooara. mS \ poisonous substance, produced, according to the opinion of Bancroft, by a species of Lrane—it differs little from The Pteunta {Pee D919.) Tt te nod hy the Indians of Guyana, to poison their arrows. be No. 546.—X ANTHORRH12A APIIFOLIA. Parsley-leay- ed Yellow-root. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Col]. No. 736—figure, No. 737. Officinal by Phar, U. S. The root. = Indigenous. A pure bitter tonic. For a detaile account, hed Wee. oP Barton’s Veg. Mat. Med. U. S. Vol. I. plate 46. > 5 * 2882 XAN—ZIN- Wo. 547.—XAnTHOXYLUM FRAXINEUM. Prickley = os ver Se No. 740. z _.- The root officinal by the Phar. U.S. A good subject for an Cabinet specimens, Jeff. Coll. Nos. 738 and 739—figure, ‘imaugural dissertation. | ae No. 548.—Zincum oxypum. L. E. D. Oxide of ~ Zinc—(flowers of Zinc.) Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 741. -____ Used, besides internally, externally, as a mild astringent in the unguent. zinci. “Dr. Roloff of Magdeburg, has dis- covered the presence of arsenic in this preparation; by boiling the substance in distilled water, and assaying the solution with the ammoniaco-nitrate of silver, its presence may be instantly recognised; chalk may be detected by sulphuric acid producing effervescence ; and white lead, by its forming an insoluble sulphate of lead. It ought to _ be volatile.” —Paris. Mepicat Prorrrtizs anv Users. A tonic—used in epilepsy, chorea, and other neuroses. Dr. Chapman desires to claim the original practice of giving large doses of this medicine. He observes, “it has, at least in my hands, been of little use, till the quantity was increased to 15 or 20 grains, several times in the day. I have more than once given a drachm of it, in 24 hours. The only disagreeable effect from such a quantity; ismausea, which, however, is not of a distressing nature. We may safely commence _ with a dose of 4 or 5 grains”—and in a note immediately following, he continues: * exactly this course, I find to be recommended in a late English work of merit—Bed- ingfield’s Medical Practice. As regards myself, it is, how- ever, kitown to be original, haying publicl: ; n pursued the practice, long before the appearance of that at rn ‘The following isan extract fiom CGeeke-omnervous diseases, — ~~~" the American ed, of whose work was published in 1824.— _ Dr Hart, in his inaugural dissertation, speaks very highly _ of the use of the flores zinci, and adduces several instances _in which it was found efficacious. Dr. Guthrie, in’a letter to Dr. Duncan, mentions a most alarming case of epilepsy, -- in which the paroxysms returned four times in twenty- - four hours, with wonderful violence, while each fit was _. accompanied by a most distressing tetanus. In this in- -*Therapentics, article Carb. Zine stance, Dr. Guthrie formed the resolution of giving the flowers of zinc, with what he calls an empiric boldness, - ordering eight grains of that medicine the first day, with eonserve of roses, and augmenting the dose by four grains every fourth day, till the thirty-second from the attack, when it amounted to two scruples, which the patient took consecutively for a month, at the end of which time every vestige of the disease disappeared. Although Dr. Guthrie thought it prudent te continue this large dose of the medi- cine so long, no disagreeable consequences attended its exhibition, except a trifling nausea towards the beginning, which soon went off. A celebrated surgeon of Edinburgh prescribed with advantage this medicine in a co epilepsy, which had existed for ten years; and also in ano- ther, in which the fits were preceded by an aura epileptica. This medicine has also been recommended by Dr. Haygarth of Chester, and Dr. White of York. Dr. Cullen, however, has not found zine useful in these cases; nor can 1, from my own experience, speak in its favour in epilepsy, al- ' though I have found it beneficial in chorea sancti Viti, and other nervous diseases.” n é ordi pOrr-eueto.ten or twelve —, though Dr. Donald Monro says that he has seen ‘aa % = quoted, bears the London imprint of March, 1794, near 34 years ago.* Sig suiey *I feel myself bound to notice these points, beeause Tam bound to teach the truth, on all the details of my subjcet, and bccausc Dr. Chapman pee pee Hos one under the necessity of noucing then, by his own voluntary presentation of him- — ZIN—ZIN: No. 549.—Zinc1 Aceras. Acetate of Zinc. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Colh No. 742. A mild tonic and emetic, for the last effect, in dose of grs. yi. to viii: ‘No. §50.—Zinci sutpuas. L. E.D.& U.S. Sul- phate of Zinc, formerly White Vitriol. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. Nos 743 and 744. Incrystals, which are 4-sided prisms, terminated by 4-sided i sli efforescent, of styptic, metallic, acidu- tebe son consists of one proportional of oxide, and one of acid; its crystals 7 proportionals of water. Soluble in 2.5 times its weight of water, at 60° F. and in less than its own weight of boiling water—insoluble in alcohol. Mepicat Prorertizs anv Uses. Tonic, astringent, (in large doses) emetic. Its last effect is prompt and vehement, and hence is used when poisons have been swallowed. Externally, is used in grs. x to £3 viij water—dose as emetic, x to Jss, as a tonic and astringent, itoij. The white vitriol of commerce, generally contains the sulphates of copper and iron—shi be purified for medical use. Orric. Pree. Liquor Alum. comp. L. Solutio Sulphatis Zinci. = ’ Solutio Acetatis Zinci. E. Tinct. Acetatis Myrrhz, in puly.trit. Ziss Confectionis Ros. qa} _ Make 20 pills—2 the dose, twice aday. Astringent. No. 551.—Zinc1 carponas rmpurus. Phar. U.S. Impure carbonate of Zinc—(called Cal- amine.) _ . asi: SAE Used only in the preparation of 0} Zinci oxidi tm- puri, U. S. (Turner’s —e Formula— R Zinci sulphatis, grs. % literary justice ; ae 2 2IN—ZIN 291 No. 552.—-ZINGIBER OFFICINALE. (Roscoe and Jac- quin) Officinal Ginger. sai Synonym—Amomum Zingiber. ( Willd.) Cabinet specimens, Jeff. Coll. Nos. 745 and 746—figure, No. 747. : Orricinat. Zingiberis Radix. Lond. Amomi Zingiberi Radix. Edin. Zingiber, Radix condita. Dub. Ginger root, - dried and preserved. — ae : Native of the East and West Indies—in the East it is par- ticularly plenty, in the mountainous district of Gingi, to the east of Pondicherry—whence its name. el Qvauirizs, Well known—is an aromatic, warm stimulant; the best perhaps we have used in flatulent colics, dys- pepsia, gouty affections of the stomach, &c. Isa salivant TMasticatory, and has been used for paralytic affections of — the muscles of the tongue and fauces. Dose, in powder, gis. x to Bj. Orric. Prep. ipus Zingiberis. L. E. D.& U. 8. Tine- tura Zingiberis. L.D. Syrupus Rhami. L. Tinctura Cinnamomi comp. L. Acid. sulphur. aromat. E.. Confectio— Opit. L. ie. Scammonii. L. D. & U.S. Infusum Sennz. L. lis Cinnamomi comp. L. E. D. Putv. Scammonii comp. L. D. Pulv. Senne comp. L. Pilulz Scille comp. L. Pilule Aloes. D. Finum Alves. L. E. D.&. U. 8. 5 The following plants have been omitted in their proper Iiteral pla HYDRASTIS S. Yellow root. Indigenous. Cabi- net specimen, Jeff. Coll. No. : re of plant, No. 749. See W.P. C. Barton’s Veg. Mat. Med. rol. IL. plate 26. HEUCHERA AMERICANA. Alum root. Indigenous. “Cabinet cimen, Jeff. Coll. No. 750—figure of plant, No. 751. Astrin- gent. See W. P. C. Barton’s Veg. Mat. Med. U. S. Vol. 11. plate 40, for full account. PANAX QUINQUEFOLIUM. Ginseng—Gensang. Cabinet speci- mens, Jeff. Coll. Nos. 752, 753, 754—figure of plant, No. 735. See W. P.C. Barton’s Veg. Mat. Med. U. S. Vol. Ll. plate 45, for a full account. PYNCKNEYA PUBENS. Georgia Bark—North American Cin- chona. Cabinet specimen, Jeff. Coll. Nos. 756 and No. 757— figure of tree, No. 758. See W. P.C. Barton’s Fl. N. Amer. Vol. I. plate 7, fora full account. %7% - APPENDIX. | % é s “hy i . - FORMULA FOR THE PREPARATION OF MORPHIA. Br E. Startzs. {To which reference has been made, page 228 of this vol.) _ Four ounces of dried and coarsely powdered opium, to be sub- mitted to the action of two ounces of pure pyroligneous acid, dilut- ed with two or three ounces of pure water, for twenty-four hours, to be repeatedly stirred during the time ; to this add twenty ounces of alcohol of 35 Beaumé ; suffer this to digest another twenty-four hours, then immerse the vessel which contains it in water, and ually raise the temperature to 160° Fahrenheit; pour the uor thus heated upon a coarse linen or flannel strainer, and press it through while hot; after cooling, the liquor should be filter- ed through the paper used by apothecaries for the purpose. To this highly coloured acidulous tincture, add, at different times, cau- tiously, so that.no apparent disturbance takes place in it, a solu- tion of ammonia in alcohol, prepared as follows: three ounces of the strongest ammoniated alcohol, diluted with six ounces of alco- hol of 35 Beaumé; about one ounce of this may be poured in at a time, in a gradual manner, and the rest added at regular intervals. In ashort time, the Morphia will begin to precipitate in a crystalline form, and of a nankeen colour; by washing this precipitate in a small portion of water, and dissolving it in boiling alcohol of 35 Beaumé, it may be obtained perfectly pure, and nearly white. By distilling the alcohol from the solvent, which should be done in a water bath, and suffering it to cool at different points of the distillation, further crystals of Morphia may be obtained. The residue may now be evaporated, and the Extractum Opii Morphia privatum be formed. This process will yield upwards of five drachms to the pound of opium. : : Peet Test.—Nitric acid, strong, changes Morphia to bright-ed—Tinct. ge as test. Sulphuric acid, when strong, and added in excess, - ¢hanges Morphia and salts to a permanent claret hue. _ The above simple process, devised by Mr. Edward Staples, he informs me, can be accomplished by a nurse’s lamp. Ihaveseen all his preparations of opium—they are very beautiful. He has paid much attention to this subject, and his results prove with De A much skill, talent, and effect. I think I can safely promise, from my knowledge of this gentleman, that the result of his present investi . g2 aoe the profession, and highly credita- to ? Penn’: Mud. Colles Rewidiin.e Rioon.