— есе

ILLUSTRATED BY

L

|
І

FITCH. FIS.

.
y

Pi

T

MY WIFE

WHO FIRST LED ME TO THE CULTURE OF PLANTS,

LOVE FOR LILIES SUGGES TO ME THEIR STUDY,

I DEDICATE THIS BOOK,

In Memory of

THE HAPPY DAYS I HAVE SPENT IN ITS PREPARATION

CONTENTS.

OF

LIST

Photographed by

ERRATA

Under Laivo, lise 24, А
Terroneenos, page x, last line, for 1870 read 18

INTRODUCTION.

ВЕРОНА attempting to give a general sketel of the true Lilies, 1 must inform my readers that Н

the work of a scientific bot erely the result of a few years’ horticultural study, during which
I have endeavoured to bring together all the information which seemed like

of the dificult questions which are met with in the study of these plant

ıe can have, in modern times, any claim to the title of

and as I have never had the opportunity of acquiring

botanist, however great may be his aequir understand thor
of orders, and particularly of such orders as Liliacez, Amaryllidacew, O
less he has the opportu рм. Т
hortieulturit, or must have the a г r s x
yet fally recognized h imately th f botany and horticulture ar
jotanist can be said to be more than half master of his subject whose studies ha
ary and the herbarium.

For this reason we find that such men as Herent, Lixorev, Warzien, Sin ЗУнылам and Sin Josten
Ноокен, Килснехваси, Tuuner, and Asa Guay hi minent distinction as scientific botanis
No one who has attempted to comp 1 descrip м ants with t

dra m à
a Л m dried sy
The var
P h sp Ima,

INTRODUCTION

Grosses and Hybrid Tntermixtures in

kon the Amaryllidacee, on

the admirable paper at the end of his w

test the validity of a so-called species is
and the varieties produced will show the

Vegetables "that the true way by propag

4d by the species will be made manifest,

the tendeney to vary po
olbers. In the same way

ver how far he may rely upon certain characters in separating the species from

nus is to attempt to hybridize the members of it w

Y think that the surest way to test the validity of a gi иһ other

lant, when, if we find that they will eros readily with another belonging to an apparently diferent. genus

it affords a strong presumption of the identity of those

le of difieulties that it requires the judgment and

Let it sufice to say that 1 know of

"This subject, however, is surrounded with such a multitu

ower of observation of a Darwin to investigate it with fitting accuracy

по case in which a Lily has been crossed with a plant belonging to any other genus, and that the numerous

attempts at hybridizing the true Lilies inter se have met with very little success

fication of the genus Lilium, are not in accordance

If any of the conclusions I have arrived at, as to the el

ed by others, I can only say that I have in all cases endeavoured to

with the views that have been expre

consider facts only, and have no preconceived theory, or desire to favour the theories of

4 our knowledge of plants in a state of nature

1t may be that, as horticulturists increase in number,

extends, many new facts bearing on the question will be discovered; and I can ĉnsily believe that some of the

whilst other forms

seem to deserve specific distinction may be reduced to the rank of varieties

plants which n
founded

may be proved worthy of specific rank. In this case I can only say that I shall welcome any we

corrections that may be introduced into the genus, as no one can be more sensible than myself of the

imperfections of my work, and no one can fol more strongly than I do that scientific truth is the first object

which every worker in the great field of nature should hold up as the aim of his studies.

With regard to our present knowledge of the genus Lilium, I can say that I do mot think many new

be discovered; for though I hare used every means to procure plants, living or dead, from

species remain.
every part of the world where Lilies are known, or are likely to occur, not more than than three or four species
have been added to the genus in the last four years

Eastern Himalayas and the immense.

from which much novelty can be expected are the

tract of unexplored and dificult mountain country which surrounds our Indian empire on the north and east, and

kung. Many years must

which lies round the head=waters of the Irrawaddy, the Bramaputra, and the Yan

lapse, however, before these (to the naturalist and ethnologist) most interesting mountains can be even partially

explored, as the extreme dificulty of the country, and the excessive jealousy and barbarism of the tribes

‘which inhabit it, make this region more difficult of access than perhaps any other part of the world.

but though the flora of that eountr

‘The Corean peninsula may also produce some new species of Lily

is absolutely unknown to us, it may be expected that any indigenous plants of great beauty or horticultural

into the gardens of Japan

ue have already found their

ens frequently fail to give

Having found by experience that drawings of plants made fron dried specin

od idea of their aspect and character, 1 have made it my object to procure living plants of every species

which it was possible to obtain, and have had under cultivation in my own garden every known species
or Lily excepting about four. Whenever I have been obliged to resort to dried specimens, or to
s material for my illustrations, I have mentioned the fact in the accompanying description. It has

y cultivated garden specimens do not give

been objected by some botanists that plates drawn from h

in which this is more or less the fact

idea of the plants in a state of nature ; and there are, no doubt, cas

Experience, however, teaches that the state of perfection to which any Lily may be brought in cultivation,

is not greater than the plant is capable of attaining under thoroughly favourable conditions in a wild state; and

a proof of this I may say that the plates of Z nilgherriense, L. washingtoniamum, L. monadelphum, and others,

which are taken from the finest specimens I could procure, and which are no doubt much finer than is usual iı

cultivation, fall short, both in the number and in the size of their flowers, of the descriptions I have received of

their growth, under favourable cireumstanees,

in their native countries, as well as of dried specimens which I have

y to variation in nearly all the Lilies makes it impossible to give illustrations which

tant endeavour, as well as that of Ma. Frren, to

combine truthful delineation with artistic excellence. The co f. the plates has, in some few cases, fallen

short of what I could have wished; but thou

1 have span this done

neither pains or expense to

P

the shining coral-red of Г. chaleedonienn, which cannot be

Thave used in working out the synonymy, distribution, and variation of the plants

have been as follows :—the dri

pecimens in the public herbaria of Kew, Paris, Leyden, and Berlin; the type

specimens of Thunberg’s herba

ийип at Upsala; the living plants in my own garden, in the Botanic Gardens of Kew

and Edinburgh, and in the collections of my friends Mussn

G. F. Wusos, Groner Maw, Max 1ласитых

Rev. Н. Excacowns, and many others, to all of w

om I must again express my most hearty thanks for the free

use which they have allowed me to make of their specimens and drawings, and for the kindness with which

sted me in getting all possible information. From Messes. Bann, Үнітен, Burt, Kunıaor,

De Gaarr, Vay Hovrre, Wane, Warzacr, and other pr

sional horticultu

I have also received

tance and information; and I must say th

at the enterprise shown by these and others, in th

introduction and pro

nts (many of which do not prove profitable from a business point of view),

has been, and I hope will always be, of the very greatest service and advantage to the botanist and scientific

Among my correspondents abroad, I must thank

pecially Da. Ккови and Paor. Maxmowrez of

St. Petersburg, Henn Max Lernis of Baden, Pror. Dvonanrns and the Ann Davi» of Paris, в. Комо

of Calcutta, Pnors. Senceanr and Warsox of Harvard University, and Мааз, Parxore and Maxson,

Отто Gnorxex, and others in the United States, for the immense assistance they have

information and plants, all of which I have acknowledged in the body of the work, and without which it would

been impossible to comple

And, finally, most important is the assistance I have received from Mu. J. G. Вакка, of the Royal Herbarium

of Kew, upon whose Revision of the Liliacez in the ‘Journal ofthe Linnean Society” all my work is based, wh

riptions I have used in almost all cases, and without whose experience and he

to myself and others, 1 feel I should have failed to keep my work free from many errors and omissions.

LITERARY HISTORY OF THE GENUS.

The Lilies, being ius and beaut ted the attention of authors from so early a
it would be impossible to enumerate a who have mentioned them: those who
are curious as to their ancient and medieval well to consult M. ок Caxwant o Ha mates
Monographie Historique et Littéraire des re many quotations are given in poetry and
prose, and where many strange facts and fancies concerning Lilies are quoted from numerous authors. For our
p er, it will on iention a very few of these, among whom PARKINSON
leading place. This charming old writer, whose * Paradisu Pleasant Flowers" was

INTRODUCTION

because the Lily is the more stately

published in 1689, puts the Lilies at the commencement of his work
flower among manie,” and afier describing the Crown Imperial, which “ for his stately Deanifdness,deserveth
eds to enumerate the species known to him, which are

the fi ‚den of delight,” proce

place im this our g
h. Parkinson mentions five varieties of the

described with wonderful accuracy in the quaintest of Elizabethan
n of Canada” (L. canadense), which had been already

^^ Martagon Imperial” (L. Martagon):— the spotted Mart

s the early red Martagon or Martagon Pomp

ny” (L. pomponiun) ;

introduced to Europe at. this early period;

the bright red Martagon of Hungarie ” (L. carniolicum)

the red Martagon of Constantinople” (7. chaleedonicum):
stie woodcuts of these

rough though characteris

and “the yellow spotted Martagon (2. pyrenai
or synonyms

old

on of flowering, and the “names

or habitat, the “ time” or

plants, and mentions the ^ pla

distinguishing clearly between Г. eroceum (the

ofeach. OF the umbellate Lilies he mentions six var

ved Lily") and L beleren (“the red-bulbed Lily”). He then describes two varieties of the white Lily,
>

which complete the list of those known to him.

Karren in the * Amemnítates Academica, published in 1712, mentions several species of Lilies, among

overlooked by Laxxaos, Г. cordijolium, Г. speciosum, and L. tigrinum can

which, though they were ignored o
probably be recognized.

), describes nine species, viz. / candidum,

Liss, in the 3rd edition of his ‘Systema Plantarum” (1:
L. bulbiferum, L. pomponium, Г. chalcedonicum, L. superbum, Г. Martagon, 1. canadense, L. philadelphicum, and
L. вишни. He treats as varieties several plants which are now ranked as species, and includes one,

L. kamschatkense, which we now refer to the genus Fritillaria.

Тиохакко, who spent many years in Japan, published, in 1784, his “Мога Japonica,’ in which the

following species are described :—1. candidum = L. ongiforum japonicum 1. pomponium, probably =L. callosum

speciosum ; L. canadense, 2—1. Hansoni; Г. philadelphicum,

1. bulbiferum,
deb. elegans, He seems to have determined to make
ж, we are unable to identify with certainty several of them ; but, in

1. elegans; 1. superbum,
ree with those

all the species he found im Japan

described by Тлхх жов; and, in consequene
боне of the Linnean Society,’ he gives further details of some of his species,

the second volume of the “Transa

and describes 1, speciosum, I. longiforum, and Г. cordifliun. Still later ho published, in the ‘Memoirs’ of the

Examen Liliorum Japonicorum," in which seven

Imperial Academy of Sciences of St. Petersburg, 1811, an

species are described, and three badly figured, viz. 1. lancifolium, L. longforum, and 1. macilatum. Most of

‘Tuuxnene’s descriptions are so vague, or taken from such imperfect or abnormal specimens, that they cannot
p P y

be relied on with certainty; and it was only by examining the specimens in his herbarium that I was able to

has been

make out that L. maculatum and Г. Tancifolium are not good species, and that La elegans is whi

hitherto known as Г. Thunbergiamen.

Though Waren, Micuavs, Gawien, Dox, Евони, and others added one or more species each
the genus, no great increase to our knowledge was obtained till Vox Stenoxy went to Japan and sent home
numerous specimens of Lilies, both living and dried, about 1830. АП those which he found were enumerated

iven of

in Steno and Zuccanıxı's * Flora Japonica, where 1. callosum is first described, and а fair account
the other species known to him.

Rosen and Sonvures’s ‘Systema Vegetabilium" (1999) and Кохти% “Enumeratio” (1843), bein

merely descriptive catalogues of plants, need not be referred to, except to say that La Wallichianum was first

described by бешіллкк

‘The first attempt at a ph of the genus is the “ Mémoire sur les espèces du genre Lis,” by

D. Sean, published in 1847, in the nineteenth volume of the “Mémoires de l'Académie Royale de Belgique

This memoir enumerates all the species known at that time, and gives careful descriptions, with

synonyms, history, and detailed instructions for the cultivation of the various species. It was by far the most

ва) в
re Bs
pic

INTRODUCTION.

complete and useful account of the genus until quite recently, as it includes all SrenoLo's discoveries, and,

being the work of a skilled horticul

and fair botanist, was based on careful observations of living plante

which re indispensable for the study of Lilies.

before said,

In 1870, Prove

Dvewanrne, of Paris, was attracted by the unequalled collection of living Lilies

formed by Ники Max Letenrtax, of Carlsruhe ; and, wishing to make them better known to the horticultural

and scientific world, he published, in the second series of the Journal of the “Société Centrale d'Horticulture of

France, his “Observations sur le Genre Lis,” an elaborate and most careful paper, of 142 pages, in which the

history and classification of the genus is elaborated with m

h detail, and careful descriptions in French are

given of all the species then known,

About the same time Mn. J. G. Baxe, of Kew, published, in a series of articles in the ‘Gardeners?

sis of the genus, which has had an enormous influence in making it better known.

Chronicle” for 1871, a synop

nd appreciated

horticulturists, and was the principal guide I had in taking up its study

The direct result of the labours of Mass

Lxicwruus, Duonanras, and Вака. has been so great

o extensive a range of distribution, which has

that I do not think there is any genus of plants, having

been studied w or about whic

as much eompletenes little remains to be discovered, as the Lilies

and, though there is much to be done before the minuti

their development and variation can be said

to be fully known, yet I do not think the publication of а Monograph on them is so premature as it

would be in the case of most other wide-ranging genera of plants.

Pror. Senexo Warsow has recently published, in the fourteenth volume of the ‘Proceedings of the

Americ

y of Arts and Sciences,’ July 1879, a Revision of the North-American Liliacew, which gives

& complete description of tha Lilies of

at country, and which, I am glad to see, agrees very nearly with my

Besides the weiters already ment

4, the late Pror. Kant Коси has published, in the“ Wochen-
schrift für Gärtnerei und Pflanzenkunde’ for July and August 1870, a memoir of the genus, in which he gives

a key to their с

her with critical notes on their synonymy and distribution,

Mn. J. Н. Кашлов, of Haarlem, whose nurseries

obably contain a larger number of

lies than any

others in the world, has published a ‘Notice sur quelques espèces et variétés de Lis, in which several species are

described and figured—amon;

m La Wittei, L. Humboldti, and L. tigrinum fore pleno.

In America, Da. Калово has described several of the western species in the “Procee

lemy of Natural Sciences” and many notes on hybridizatio

and cultiv

n have appeared

in various periodical

The horticultural journals of the last few years, deners’ Chronicle” and

pecially the “Ge

As a strictly scientific account of the Ma, Bars Revision of the Tuli

e, in the “Journal of

4 them thoroughly.

of the

талтақ, of Paris, has

ol. xiv, 1875, two most г the various

ured with extreme care and

wieness. An excellent series of drawin adult st

as been made

INTRODUCTION

CLASSIFICATION.

far the most complete and

һе Liliacem, which is the latest as well as b

Tulips, Fritillaries, Calochort

In Mn. Вакил revision
Erythronia,

the Lilies are included with the

nus, few of the plants included in it being

and Lloydias in the tribe Tulipeæ, and form a very homogeneous g
"Қотан from the general type. Tt has been subdivided into fie subgenera of which four are natural, and wel

mvenient into either of these subdivisions.

marked; but there are a few plants which

The characters by which we can best classify the Lilies are taken from the bulb, and from th

an of Endlicher, is a very distinet and well-marked on

position of the flowers. "The first subgenus, Cardi
na comprises only two nearly allied though perfectly distinct species, Г. giganteum and 1. cordoliam. The bulb
in these is formed of a few thick closely compressed scales, produced into long petioles, which bear a large cordate

sch or seventh

to flower, which is at about it

een leaf. Until the bulb beco ong епо)

1 ced, absorbs the

year, there is no stem or other
which

s completely afte

fe and substance of the bulb; and the p

he old bulb, w

is produced very abundantly. In some cases, however, offsets are formed at the base
+ of reproduction, namely by seeds, appears to me the natural and

Now this man

course in this subgenus; for though in cultivation the reproduction by offsets

de native forests Г. giganteum appeared to me to grow as though all the plants were seedlings, and I

in garden plants. 1 should not, therefor

of offsets about the base of the old stems, as one

and am inclined to think that many other Lilies usually

that either of these species is a true perenni

fter being brought

considered perennial are not so, strictly speaking for I have found that many of t

produced seeds freely, die away nace

M the vitality

antably, as though they

to the hig te of perfection, and ha

the bulbs,

had by the act of seeding exha

had fulfilled their function, an

ubular flowers, the segments of which

The next subgenus, Eulirion of Endlicher, is characterized by long

are hardly reflexed, except at their tips. It includes, according to Mn. Бакал arrangement, the following

rum, Browni, japonicum, candidum, belladonna,

species—L. philippinense, Wallichianum, nilgherriens

bout the propriety of this

amne they seem to me to be very possibly only subspecies, and comprise all the representatives of the

family found in the eastern tropics or Oriental region—the sixth, Г. Browni, bei

Japan. Bat 1 think that £ japonicum has more afinity with Г. auratum, placed by Ma. Bar in another group

L. belladonna is probably a synonym of it; 1. candidum (our common white Lily) seems to

peculiorities in structure and habit to justify its separation from the Bulirion group ; and Z Washingtonian 1

should be inclined to place, with two near allies or subspecies, in another section.

In the subgenus Bulirion thus restricted we And a very ure, consisting of a lar

inted scales, which bear narrow linear leaves only, in

nd

thinner

ge of two or three years, flowering freely and ripening seed. Usually, however, they

throw up stems at the a

produce as well а number of small bulblts, which are formed either at the base of the old scales, at the

the stem, or all along its subterrancous portion, and frequently at various points-on the stem above ground,

especially when any injury has checked or arrested the formation of flowers.

Juded in the genus Eulirion seem, therefore, to

‘The plants i true perennials; that is to say, they p

the power of reproducing themselves for finite period without seeding. They are the only Lilies which

are found within the tropics, and appear to require, and to thrive under, a greater degree of heat than other

Lilies, though they are all inhabitants of hilly or el

ated regions. I believe that the season of growth in th

is regulated, in their nativ

ntries, not by the summer and winter, but by the rainy and dry seasons.

INTRODUCTION E

L. Walliehianm and Г. nilgherriense, at any rate, до not commence growth till the rains begin in June, and
ripen their seed in midwinter, when all the Lilies of temperate climes have gone to re
With regard to L. candidum, we find certain characters of habit which seem to keep it apart fn r

like J, giganteum, leaves of two different classes:—first, the basal leaves, which are borne on thi

new scales in the centre of the bulb, and appear car amn, coinciding with the

the countries to which it is supposed to be indigenous; and, se he stem-leaves, which are borne on the
у and do not appear till the basal leaves are withering. "The flowers also of this Lily are not qu

е of the Eulirion or any other group; so that the plant seems to have some claim to

L. Washingtonianum, with its variet

or subspecies L. purpureum, and a newly-diseovered plant,

L. Parryi, though resembling the Ешй in their lowers, are so different in

the structure of their bulbs, that they must also stand in a group apart from any other

The next section is Arelelirion of Baker, in which he includes Z. tigrinum, speciosum, auratum, and ozypetalun.
This does not appear to me a very natural group, L. tigrimm seeming to have more in common with the
Martagons, whilst Г. oxypetalun is an aberrant form, differing өшіге » and habit, and having nothing

but the position of the flowers to bring it near auratum. If th о stand, I think it should i

L. japonicum, which is certainly nearer to auratum than to the E

irion of Baker, including all the plants with erect flowers and falcate
duced. s, again, may be called perennials—propagating themselves constantly by means of
The other four plants included in the section by Mu. Bau, namely Z. concolor, L. phiadelphicum,
are alluded to in detail in the text of this work, and which are probably modifications of structure, intimately
lected with the natural condit nder which they grow. 1. Catesbei is a small, delicate species,
ined to a very narrow range as regards its distribution, and probably not fitted to survive in the
struggle for existence with other plant
In the case of Г. medeolides, if the very limited materials on which our knowledge of th
position of the flowers, but s lied to L in every other respect, that I cannot help
ж an abnormal condi the specimens on it was founded. If not, 1 can only say that
rhizomatous or irregular bulbs, like Г. canaden 1. Humboldt, and into the Old-World group, with solid

iphum, and chaleedonicum. But here, again, we have several plants ро
L. Leichtlini being much more akin to L. ti than to the true Martagons, and 1. tenuifolium not onl
having a quite peculiar bulb-structu ias regan ation, В е than a triennial, whilst
others, such as m and pyrene ght or rs to develop from seed into бо, ant

vii INTRODUCTION

‘To recapitulate briefly, 1 бой. that the subgenera which hase been proposed im this genus are not
mural as regards certain species, they

really natural; or if they are

except in the ease of Cardiocrinum

mot so large or so

e prefer to drop them entirely. The g

are not so for others; I should there

dificil groups such as these seem to be; and though 1 will

diverse as to require the maintenance of a
the affinities of the diferent species, together with the principal characters by which they may be recognized,
I will not pretend to support an arrangement which cannot, as I think, be dissected by a careful observer

without revealing imperfections and errors

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.

The Lilies have a somewhat peculiar geographical distribution, being found nearly all over the temperate
but, with the exception of three or four species (all of which belong to the

‘As far as our present knowledge extend

zone of the Old and New World

they are absent from

Eulirion section), nowhere within the tropics.
of

tract of country between the Caspian Sea and Western China, though

the immen

yet unknown species

‘Turkestan may be found to contain som

growth are a moderately cold winter of short

uration, and a warm spring and summer with considerable moisture. Т
or periodical seasons of severe drought. ‘The two

The climatic conditions which seem to favour their
we find them absent from those

parts of Europe and Asia which are subject to perennial
mous species, and California,

в about twelve indige

centres in which their headquarters seem to be are Japan, w
tic and other conditions seem very favourable

уа Mountains, where the clim

with eight or nine. ‘The Hi

are not so prolific as might be expected, only five species occurring there, whilst in Europe we have seven,

and in the Eastern States of North America five or six.
xcept in the case of the Zulirion group (which are subtropical), none of the sections seem to favour one
Lilies belonging to different sections seem to have

country or continent more than another; but the bulbs o

bulbs are North-American,

similar modifications in the same country. For instance, all those with stolonifero

snd all those with large oblique bulbs are Californian; whilst по European or Asiatic Lily has a bulb which

could be mistaken for an American species by any one who was at all conversant with their peculiarities.

of the known

is possible on so small a scale, the hab

‘The annexed Map will show, as nearly а

| it is of course understood that the boundaries of their distribution cannot be indicated by the

species, thou

colouring when several of the species occur together in one district

Tt will be noticed that there are some curious anomalies in their distribution, which coincides with that

In the Eulirion group we have a case which resembles that of

We find Г. nilyherriense and Г. philippinense confined to isolated

of no other genus which I can call to mi

many animals and birds in the same n
or by a great extent

sin-ranges, and separated from any of their congeners

of land, which, being unsuited, on account of its climate, to the requirements of Lilies, is a perfect barrier

inst the extension of their range

In the same way we find many birds confined to the isolated hill-regions of Southern India, whose nearest

allies are in the Himalaya Mountains; but if the analogy between birds and plants holds good, I should expect

to find Lilies in the high mountains of Java and Sumatra rather than in Luzon, whose fauna is less akin to that

of South-castern Asia than the faunas of Java, Sumatra, and Borneo.
Another point worthy of notice is the great difference between the Lilies of the Atlantic and Pacific States

thus establishing the fact, which has been so clearly shown by Pror. Asa GRAY and Sin Josuru Hooxen,

that the zones of distribution of plants in the United States are longitudinal rather than latitudinal, and that

the flora of the Pacific States has much less in common with that of the Eastern States than would be expected.

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF LILIES.

<

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ГУЧИ
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ul
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PHILIPPS E

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Equator

140 150

100 10

itor

50 60 70 80 90

— Note —

In these maps the distribution of the known species is shown as nearly as ts possible with the imperfect. knowledge
we have of most of Central Asia where many blanks are unfilled. The yellow colour indicates the spectes belonging
to the Martagon and Archelirion group of Baker. The crimson shows the species belonging to the Eulirwn group
The blue shows the Isolirion group as defined by Baker. Where two

including the subgenus Cardiocrinum .
cles are more or less evenly distributed. over the region coloured.

colours occur in stripes it is understood that two sp

Where the colour is iro spots it shows that the species are very restricted or oreqular in their distribution.

ES

x А wol,
ч... ler RL

= ous

3 vn
A “ola dp»

boe

j.Ceiesb |

|

10

мех

INTRODUCTION

ГД. pyren perhaps t curious of all, and cannot be accounted for by any

known с An inhabitant of the Pyren

4 in Bosnia and

ania, but is entirely absent from the whole an
е (wh rep

L. ponponium and 1. earniolieum), and again reappears, in the Josely allied form, in the mountains

of Lazistan, at the south-east corner of the Black Sea.
‘The Lilies of North-eastern Asia are much mor

lized, and have resemblance to

Europe than analogy would lead us

г

uricum is the only one which can be called a local

of the birds, plants, and insects of East Siberia are remarkably similar to t

е of Europe, To the Lilies

North Japan, however, we find the c

similarity, several of the species, such as Г. Hansoni, Г. avenaceum, and.

1. callosum, b п and on the mainland.

ows the habitats of all the Lili
Nipal, Sikim, Khasia hills, and prob т
Inland of Luzon
Kumaon, and perhaps Ni
N
Mountains of Southern India al 0 foet een
Southern and C Formosa, Looe sd South Japa
Northern 1 ranean, in several өсі though how
н m
Basie bata, выд paco
Fast Tibet, bod B
с New I "es to Bay ек с
20. Гр Siarra Nevada, north
30. L British C c
iL neri Marin and I с
з. г Foothills of Siem N 5 D
[Ж E F s " š
LLH Coast of NES ^
1 NES North J
1 w
7 h
L. Man i
г П A
з г NW Wi E
£L ‹ u Central T

x INTRODUCTION

CULTURE

Though 1 have given directions for the cultivation of the various kinds of Lilies in the body of the

work, yet I think some general remarks on the subject may be of use

It is evident, from the large amount of correspondence which has appeared on the subject in the

ion exists on the question; and though some writers profess to

horticultural papers, that great diversity of

be able, by following out certain theories of culture, to ensure success, yet experience has shown that no amo

of care or skill will enable us to grow Lilies unless the natural conditions of climate are favourable

а incomprehensible constitutions (if that term

can be fitly applied to plants) as Lilies; and Tam more and more inclined to believe that in many cases they are

now of no plants which seem to have such uncertain

not truly perennial, Whether this is the case or no, it is а fact (which no experienced Lily-grower will deny) that
just as the perfection of development is attained, and Ше plant appears to be as flourishing as possible, a rapid

А om, without any apparent cause, and is followed by death, or by such comple

decline in

ost eases thrown away.

exhaustion and collapse that any farther pains and

„ as there are several species (such

‘These remarks must not, however, be applied to all Lil

1, candidum, 1. bulbiferum, Г. Martagon, and L. californicum) which may be grown with reasonable care almost
anywhere, while others (uch as L. Catesbei, Г. Wallichianum, L. avenaceum, and Г. washingtonianun) have

repeatedly baflled the skill of the most experienced horticulturists.

Before considering the causes of this want of success, it will be well to examine the general conditions

under which Lilies grow in their native countries; and there are three points worthy of especial notice :—

mpanicd, as in

First, a considerable degree of summer heat is requisite; and though this may be aco
Central Europe and the United States, by severe cold in winter without injury, yet we do not And Lilies thrive

well in a cold, wet summer.

Secondly, we find that a good deal of moisture is necessary during the growing-season, either in the form
of rain or mist. Long and severe droughts are not characteristic of any country where Lilies are abundant; or
if they occur (as in parts of California and Southern Europe), we find Lilies only at considerable elevations, or

growing in marshy and moist places.

Lastly, it seems to be almost universally the ease, that the partial shade afforded by grass and weeds, or

their health ; and perhaps this in cultivation is overlooked more

a necessary condition fo

overhanging shrubs, i

often than any thing else, hare repeatedly found some varieties thriving in out-of-the-way comers, where they
were almost buried in rank weeds and grass and quite uncared for; whilst the same plants in rich soil, but

exposed to the sun, were weak and unhealthy.
p

and from the baking of the soil by exposure to sun, are, I think

from wind, from spring fr

Protectio

nbined with these conditions we can obtain moisture at the

the most important points to be considered; and ifc

root, and a considerable degree of warmth in summer and autumn, there is little doubt of success with the majority

of specie

ich soil, however, is of no use, unless it is sweet and well drained, as one finds, in pot-cultivation, that

the roots will not occupy the good soil provided for them if it is at all sour or sticky. "The constituents of the

me Lilies, such as eanadense and superbum,

4 are, in my opinion, not so important as its condition for though

fer a considerable admixture of peat, and refus w in soil containing lime, whilst others, such as

INTRODUCTION а

The great drawbacks we har tend with in England

are :—the heavy cold rains of autumn and

winter, acting on the soil at а time when the roots are

t inactive, and thereby frequently causing them to

rot; and the late spring frosts, which injure the s

s when first appearing above ground.

Perfect drainage will no doubt help the to endure the first of these evils; and artificial protection

ond; whilst а liberal mulching of light manure, leaves, or cocoanut

fibre, will keep the ground from becoming dried up in summer,

n

insect pests which affect Lilies most severely are dphides, or green flies (which are most injurious to

wn under glass, and must be thoroughly kept down by fumigation and syringing), and a minute

white insect which is generally found in abundance in the bulbs of unhealthy plants (but which is, I Deli

rather the result than the cause of disease). А fun

len observed to attack the leaves of Japan Lilies in wet cold weather, and is, I have no dou d by want

of warmth. The disease which destroys so many thousands of Lilium auratu does not, however, seem to be of a

similar character, but is more probably caused by a la

f moisture at the roots, or the exposure of the bulbs to

» shedding of leaves, however, and death, which s

en disappoint all one's hopes with thi

species, are very capricious; and perhaps, out of a hundred plant

similar conditions, only

twenty, thirty, or fifty may suffer, whilst the rest remain healthy and flower well

Since the preceding was written, we have experienced in England one of the most protracted and severe

d by one of the coldest and wettest

immers ever known; and the results have been (as 1 anticipated)

most disastrous to Lilies. My own losses have been so great that I have alm

sired of replacing them ; and

though in the drier soils of the eastern and s

та counties I believe there have been fewer deaths, yet I fear

the cultivation of these fav

e plants has received a severe check. Perhaps the most remarkable case was that

of a long bed of Californian Lilies, mostly varieties of 1. californicum. "These had b

me perfectly established in

g with unusual strength. After they had

rown five or six feet high, and

in most cases produced numerous buds, they became covered with bk

the whole plant. Weck after week of dull

similar disease to th

h destroyed th

in 1879 ; and the result was that they died

A parcel of these stems was submitted to the Rev. M. J. Вкиквикт, whose experience in the füngoid

unrivalled. His report, as printed in the ‘Gardeners’ Chronicle," Аш

become spotted and unhealthy. Prom time to time specimens have been submitted by one of our most zeal
and intelligent cultivators to the Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society, but without elicit
any thing at all satisfactory. No treatment or change of soil seemed to have any beneficial effect: and our own
experience is in exact accordance, Whether in the conservatory or in the op ver failed
«imens in a wretched condition, and sometimes belonging very comm Nothing, however
has ever equalled, as r condition, what we now have before u dien ger confined to mer
otting, but affects the whole plant, extend the bulb, which will soon be in as deplorable state as th
plant itself. No potatoc-stem affected with the Peronospora was ever in a worse state than what we have bef
us. "The condition may perhaps have been aggravated by the fact that, though the bundle of stems weighed b
above eight our xtraordinary heat had been produced by their on, which first a n
by the temperature of the letter which mied them. As the ma wall, a

xi INTRODUCTION.

conjectured that the heat must have arisen from a peculiar tendency to decomposition. The consequent change

of e of the stem; and in parts the leaves are pas

ır in the cells penetrates de

the cause, There is not a trace of any

gelatinous mass. At the same time there is

growth; and even supposing that the spott

parasite except Asteroma polygonal, DC., in an early stage

ble from what we know of Asteroma rose, which is so destructive

were connected with this (which is not imp

consideration, as in so many other cases of disease, is not likely to su

this year), we fear that the d

mewhat melancholy report is, I am afraid, ай 1 can add to the question of Lily disease. Mn. G. F.

ease; but if so, how is it that we

sure to sun and wind is the primary cause of the d

Wicsox believes that expe

е go off in just the same sort of way, and without any exposure at all

often see a quantity of Lilies in а greenh

"Truly the matter is at present inexplicable; for it often occurs that, in the same house or bed where these sad

and I know that even in the

ies are flourishing exceeding

the same

deaths are taking place, other plant

summer of 1879 Lilies did well in some places

Lilies, I

should build a house or frame on purpose for

16 were about to recommence the cultivatio

jle, in the following manner :—

them, arran nearly as pos

ing north and south, sunk

A span-roofed pit should be made in a sheltered situation, with the ends

about three feet in the ground, and having an entrance at one end, with a narrow path down the centre, The

Tights should be made either to slide down and take of like the lights of а frame, or so hinged that the pit could

be completely thrown open when desired. 1 think this important because the complete exposure of the plants to

and summer rains when not too violent is of more benefit to them than any amount of syringing or watering.

and by lifting or drawing off the lights, and replacing them with some shading material in hot sunny weather, we

ass roof.

avoid the burning and drying up of the soil, which is so dificult to prevent under a fixed

No heating-apparatus would be necessary, as the slight frost which might penetrate the house in very

appa

severe weather would not injure the plants when in a dormant condition. The brick sides of the pit would be

vound-level, and might have ventilators of pierced zine to break the

about a foot or eighteen inches above the
be built up with brick to about ground-level; and the height of the ridge from the

draught, The beds would
earth should be not less than seven feet, or more И it be desired to grow many plants of Lilium auratum. The
beds would be composed of a drainage of 9 or 10 inches of broken bricks, stone, or tiles, covered by some sods

of good soil laid over them, and filled in with about two feet of a compost consisting of about half light loam,

one quarter coarse sand, and one quarter loose fibrous peat, well broken up and mixed together. А part of the

beds might have a mixture without peat, and another part should be composed of half peat and a quarter leat

mould ; but care must be taken that any leaf-mould used for Lilies is thoroughly rotten and free from fungoid growth.

as been found an admirable substitute for leaf-mould, and may even be used instead

Decayed coconnut-fi

of peat, though I should prefer the latter when of good qu A good sprinkling of broken erocks, small

the whole mass of soil; and a mixture of

stones, or clean coarse gravel may be mixed with advantage thro
broken charcoal is also advantageous, as until the roots of the plants have occupied the soil there is always a

risk of its becoming sour; and I believe that charcoal will not only prevent this, but also enrich the вой.

If the house could be planted with bulbs already well rooted and established in pots, I should prefer it, as

among a number of purchased bulbs there will always be many failures, and there is some danger of their decay

‘hased, I would not plant them out till they had

affecting the soil. If however, the entire stock of plants was pu

as it frequently happens that bulbs which have been lifted and severely checked lie dormant

begun to make root,

for several months; and when in this state they are likely to rot if kept at all wet

lunging plants in pots,

In a part of the house a bed should be kept for p that newly imported bulbs

INTRODUCTION xii

until they had made а good start. However large a bulb may be, and whatever depth

of soil it may require when established, it is always

ood policy to start it in a small pot, and either shift it to a

ger one or plant it out when well rooted. It is also unwise to put more than one newly imported bulb in the

same pot, or to plant а number together, where a good effect is desired, until their season of flowering has been

s, some will begin to

Tt frequently occurs that in a batch of imported bulbs of Z auratum and oth

in June and July, and others not before September, October, or even November; and the beauty of a pot or

mewhat marred when withered stems are mixed with those in flower.

When our Lily-house has been once established, it will be necessary to keep а most careful look-out for

which, if once allowed to get strong, will hide themselves in the you

leaves, and do much damage

unseen, A frequent and regular fumigation in spring and summer is

"tial to Keep them in check ; and if this

or may be at ease, as neither thrips, mealy-bug, or red spider is to be feared in an
unheated house. "he lights should be thrown off whenever the weather is warm and pleasant, and whenever

ice mild rain. 10 none falls, a thorough good soaking of soft water should be given occasi

all plants which are well rooted and growing freely, and more moderate supplies to the rest. A good sy

when the house is shut up in the evening during the summer months is also of great айтап;

Dari weath

т the lights should be removed, and replaced by a shading of tiffany or some

similar material; and care must be taken on no occas

п to burn the plants by keeping the lights on without

shade; for though some of them will stand a great deal of direct sunshine without

apparent injury, yet serious

ake

y-grower is fairly acquainted with the various species, which only experience can

which he prefers, Many Lilies are unsatisfactory plants

+ him always select those which are plump and fresh, though of moderate
dimensions ; the largest bulbs are rarely the best. Let him endeavour to procure all home-grown varieties as
ооп as possible after they have been taken up in autumn ; for if kept in sand or cocoanut-fibre all the winter,
With regard to imported bulbs, however, those are usually best which arrive in January and February
for if taken up in Japan early enough to allow them to be sold in England before Christmas, they are often

imperfectly matured.

Care should always be taken, when purchasing bulbs during or after a severe frost, to see that they are

Ren incurred by this cause; and for sending bulbs to friends, at home or abroad,

With regard to packing Lily-bulbs I can add little to what I have said in speaking of Г. philppinense

ure and the reverse, and to pack them

tightly that, without crushing, they may keep firm in the box.

During the last two years a new mode of cultivating Lilies has been suggested and put into practice by

Mn. Wiusos, of Weybridge. "This gentleman, believing that want of shelter was the main cause of failure in
many instances, id out a piece of boggy woodland as a wild garden, a d in it thousands of Lilies in
ariou ns. Though I have no doubt that, if the various beds are kept from being overgrown by rank
weeds and fern, many of them will prove very ful, the soil being very suitable for most of the species,
yet I am inclined to think that the shade of the trees is too great at present, and that in a dry summer their roots

эн INTR

DUCTION

Considering, however, the very unfarourable season of 1879, and the want of time to establish the plants,

Nn. Wisoy's experiment promises a considerable measure of success, and is certainly а very interesting one.

1 am not, however, inclined to believe that he will succeed in establishing all or nearly all the Lilies in a wood

any more (han in a garden; and, considering the varied nature of their habitats, it is not to be expected that he

should in all cases succeed.

A theory which has been started and written on at great length by a correspondent of ‘The Garden

believe, founded o

ing himself “Duxepıx;” as to the annual renewal of the bulbs of Lilies, an entire

misapprehension of the functions of their bulb

‘This writer, as far as I can understand his very lengthy communications, maintains that the bulb of a Lily

is completely absorbed by the flowering stem, and entirely renewed annually by a new growth of scales in its
interior, He reasons therefrom that the proper season to lift and transplant the bulbs of Lilies is immediately
after the flowers have withered. The generally received opinion that the leaves of the plant have considerable

ary nourishment for the next

influence in maturing the growth of the bulb, and assisting it to store up the nece

year's flower-stem, is ridiculed by this writer ; but, in the correspondence which took place in “The Garden,’ his

Tin

growth of new scales from the axis of the bulb is constantly taki

theory wa „successfully disproved by several of our best Lily-growers. I believe myself that a continuous

all seasons, though much more

when the bulb has attained its maximum

actively in the spring and summer, and that this growth only се

development ог when checked by removal, or by some other cause affecting its health. ‘The development of the

sinly bears out this opinion,

seedling plants as examined by M. Decmanrns: ca

‘The propagation of Lilies is effected in various ways :—first, by division of the bulbs, which increase

rapidly in most of the European and in many of the American and Japanese species; secondly, by planting the

bulblets which are formed in the axils of the leaves of L. tigrinum and L. bulbiferum, and at the crown of the

thirdly, by seed, which, though a tedious and somewhat

bulb or on the base of the stem in many other specie

in many cases, the only way by which an increase can be obtained. For instance, Za Washing

lim, Catesbei, p

tonianum, Humboldti, colmbiamum, polgpl adelphiewn, never,

whilst in the case of Za giganteum, cordifolium, tenuifotiom, and pulchellum seeding

then

elves by division ог bulblet
seems to be the normal manner of reproduction. Judging from the groups in which we find Lilies growing in
their native habitats, many species, such as Г. croccum and Г. pyrenaicum, which in gardens increase more readily

by offsets, are propagated by seed under natural conditions

Germination takes place very irregularly in diferent species, and according to the time at which the seeds

are sown, As a rule, it may be said that, if sown as soon as ripe, the seed will germinate in spring ; but under
glass it often comes up sooner, as in the ease of Za tenuifolium and 1. longiflorum. If the seed is kept till spring

erminating, and sometimes longer; and if more than six months old

before sowing, it usually lies a year before

it very often does not come up at all.

The only seeds of L- candidum which T ever sowed came up in September, at the same time as the

autumnal leaves of the parent plant; and I hare observed that the germination of the seeds of other bulbous
plants usually takes place at the same time as the vegetation of the same plant, ‘The seeds should be sown in
boxes or in a frame, about a quarter of an inch deep, in light soil; and the ground should be made tolerably firm

under them. If sown in pots, they must be kept plunged, or the young bulbs will soon be starved ; and as soon

as strong enough they should be turned out into a frame

As seedling Lilies grow very slowly for two or three years, they should not be planted in the open ground

at first; and careful watch must be kept against slags, which will devour the leaves of scores in

e night

very apt to grow over the soil and choke them; drought is also very injurious; so that, from one cause

on of seedling Lilies ever come to the flowerin

INTRODUCTION “

two species, such as La Iongjforum and 1. temifolium, will flower the third season after sowin

but the majority

and especially the Martagon group, take six to ten years before they attain flowering size

Tt has been supposed by some that the constitution of Japan Lilies may be improved by raising them from

seed in this country; and there is no doubt something to be

d for this theory; but, рани the extrem

care and patience which are necessary, I think experience shows that deterioration of size and colour is the usual
result, Certainly the Japan Lilies which are cultivated by thousands in Holland are inferior in the size and

tint of their flowers to those imported from their native country; and though I believe thi

iot the case ін
America, yet the elimate of the New-England States is much more like that of Japan than is the climate of

Holland or England. 1 have not noticed th

ће home-grown bulbs of Г. анла и, which have succeeded so

idmirably in the garden of Mu, М“Тхтози, are more easy to grow in my own garden than imported ones; and

though I believe Mussns, Warenen and Nont have found the soil of their nurseries very favourable for the

propagation of Japan Lilies, yet I believe we shall always be more or less dependent on a foreign supply to keep

Шаш off the sea

A fourth mode of propagation is by scales, and consists in p of sound bulbs and

anting them separately, when, in some cases, small

blets are formed at the base of the scale, which in time

grow to be bulbs. Т

adopted with L. specionum and Г. am

The hybridization of Lilies has been attempted by many cultivators, but seems to have p
11

uced little result

nd in many cases, whe neans have been taken to remove the anthers of the seed-beari

t before

g pla

maturity, the produce has shown little variation from thé parental type *. So Lilies

jow in cultivation are su have been raised by c

na with Д. eroeeum; and plants are sometimes

acters leading one to suppose that they may be hybrids between other

species. "The only well-known cases in which there appears to have been a decided success in crossing are thos

of Д. testaceum (which is believed with good reason to be the result of a cross between Z. chaleedoniewn and
L. candidum) and L. Parkmanni (which was raised in America by crossing 4. auratum and 1. speciosum). Other
supposed hybrids hav ientioned in the gardening papers, most of which have an American origin; but fron

the characters which mark them. А wide field, however, is open in this direction to the

LILIUM PHILIPPINEN!

THE PHILIPPINE LILY

dai of ia ware babes Ms Бо Batted a ho pa
j on a journey in the Philippine Islands (the main object of which was to procure the numerous and lovely Orchid:
\ that of the surrounding plain

9-18 inch while the

It seems to

quill, and clothed with unusually fine and grass-like leaves, is not mor

lower, which is rather inclined upwards than hı

led by overhang

where the soil is poor rather than rich, and grows by hundreds in small patches, partially

trees. The soil is of a very light nature, allowing the abundant moisture to pass off freely, and is composed of a

mixture of loam with d. d trachyte and coralline limestone, ‘The trees which grow in the vicinity consist

=P

thododendron, Se llum, Melastomacew, Cesalpinaces, and some stately

Especies of Quercus, Ficus, s, Seiadop

tree ferns. ‘The subalpine character of the situation, however, is better shown by the herbaceous plants, among

untain Orchids and other

vr down the m

cies of Viola, Campanula, and Anemone

which are included $

diem arguz and а Cypripedium

that 1 particularly noticed were Cypri

ropiesl plants were abundant, Among t

f Lily existing in the Philippines 1 can say

ther specie

resembling villosum. With regard to the probability of
(which attain the elevation of 10,000 feet or more) being almost

but litle the mountain-ranges of these islam

г nds of Mindanao and Mindoro, owing to the piratical habits of the natives, it is almost

sxplored. In the i
Ihave no doubt many fine discoveries might be made there. The only other high

impossible to travel, tho

in Luzon; and here I was disappointed by finding nothing so

ended were the Maha

mountains I

remarkable as in the district of Benguet

I was afraid that the bulbs of Г. plilippinense when brought to the warm climate of Manilla would soon

decay ; but, thanks to the vitality of their scales, each of which seems to have the power of producing a tiny

bulblet, I was enabled to bring them safely to England.

be attended to in packing the bulbs of Lilies for transport is to

1 would here add that the main point to
hem when deprived of their roots

protect them from heat and excessive moisture, which soon dest
stention to this fact; but, on the other hand, care should.

Thousands of bulbs have been lost from ignorance or
be taken not to allow them to become overdry from exposure to the air, which soon shrivels up the f

of which they are composed, No substance is better for packing small parcels
able soil, not too moist, or sawdust is

which can be obtained in most parts of the world. Failing this, lig!

the next best things and care should always be taken to pack them so tightly that they cannot be shaken in the

box. In cases where the plants cannot be allowed to remain until their stems have naturally decayed in autumn,

it is better to transplant them, with the roots as fresh as possible, to some shady spot in a garden until they are

rey, and especially

ull growth, Before packing for a long je

rest, than to pack and send them off when in

traversed, it is a good plan to expose them for a few days to the air, which will dry up

if hot climates have to
‘fully packed,

and render them less liable to rot. However е

the superabundant moisture of the outer

JD injured by a long transport, and do not make healthy growth for a year or more after

most Lilies are

they are replanted. Growers of Lilies, remembering this, must therefore нос be disappointed if the flowers of

п are poor and co ps altogether absent, for

laps highly prized introducti s, or реа

year ог two but patiently waiting till the plants have recovered their natural vigour, will be rewarded Ву а

‚se pleasure to those who can appreciate their delicate beauty

display which cannot fail

med by Mossas. Vere that the bulbs are somewhat

delicate, and grow best in a warm house in small pots plunged in a bed of fibre or soi,

rd to the culture of Г. philippinense, әш info
When growing they

require, like other Lilies, abundance of moisture, and when at rest should be kept plunged in a cool house where

the pots, without watering, may never become quite dry. In February the bulbs will start into growth in a

how the character of their narrow leaves. The

temperature of 69°-65"; and the delicate stems then begin
leaves produced by small bulbs or scales are much like the primary leaves of Г. temjfolium. It is to be hoped

Mu. Dosis (who is undoubtedly one of the most skilful

that the stock of this plant, under the tender care

gardeners of the day in all delicate operations of plant-culture), will soon be sufficiently increased to enable Mss.

Verse to send it out, In the mean time let us hope that the islands whence it came may not long remain, as at

present, almost a (erra incognita to naturalists.

LILIUM HANSONI.

HANSON'S LILY

1, Hansoni, Baker in Journ, Linn. Soe.

T. maculatum et avenaceum, Moore, Florist, 1874, p 195; Gard. Chron. 1874, р. 281, t
L. maculatum, Bot. Mag, pl. 612
1, avenaceum, Maxim. in Gartenfora, 1865, p. 290, in parte
? y sulis 3-1 pedalis glaber teres n

а patentin sessilia, reliqua sparsa, 4-5 poll. longa, supra medium 8-12 lin. lata, е

positi, vel in umbellam congesti, pedicellis erecto-patentibu

Junceolatia, Perianthium 16-18 lin. longum splendido rubello-aurantiacum, cris lanceolatis
melio 4-5 lin. ішін profundo faleato-revolutis, facie dimidio inferiore purpur tis, for bro profund
excavata pedis Filamenta 10-12 lin. longa tes, antheris angustis 4-5 lin. longis, polline favo. Ovarium clavatum

Hab, Japonia, hort. Leichtlin. et Wilson. Victoria Gulf, N.E. Man

4445 (Wiuvono in Herb. Kew

uria (fide Maxo

a borealis (Ново)

if, eret boning 3 or 4 whorls of leaves at considerable intervals, the lowest one some way from the ground, Lean
narrow when many in a whorl broad when few, sessile, 3-6 inches long by 4-1} brend, oblane n

ved, dark shining green abore, paler beneath; upper leaves scattered, much smaller, Flowers abont 4-10 or mon
irregularly racemose; peduncles 2-3 inches long; bracts broad, green, аб. Peranthaegnents 15-18 lines long, orar
yellow nd recurved, bat not eo much so as in the Martagona, spotted with black towards the middle. Filaments
Shorter lines long: anthers narrow, 4-5 lines long: pollen yellow. Ovary clavate, deeply sul Ties кр
yl rather shorter. Perfect capsule unknown.

"уни fine and very distinct Шу is of very recent intro

uction, having been named by Ma. Bares from a plant

in Ma, Latcurrtay’s garden only last year, As its history, however, is rather an intricate one, I will giv

it fally

ered by Paor

the V

The plant w т Maxtwowiez, the distinguished Russian traveller, in Siberia

and Japan, about the year 1860,

a Gulf in Eastern Mantchuria, the southern limit of Russian
territory in those regions.

Не did not, however, с tinction from Г. asenacem, which
indeed very slight ; so that it is mentioned in the * Gartentlora, p. 290, as a yellow-flowered variety of that
plant, In 1868 or 1869 two or three bulbs were sent to the garden of the late Banox vox Висвош at Leyden,

and were purchased a year afterwards by Mn, 1.їситилх, who saw at

He grew the plant and named it after Mr. Haxsox of New York, who hi

tions of lilies

Before this became known, however, Ma. Wruso had bought one or two bulbs in an odd lot at Steve

sale-rooms, where many thousands of lilies are annually disposed of, not knowing exactly what they w
Early in the following spring he was gratified by seeing a stem shoot up before any other lily had begun growi

and in due time the flowers were produced, He exhibited the plant in June at a meeting of the Royal Horti-
ultural Society ; and it was figured soon afterwards in the * Gardeners’ Ch as Os nee ee

y the ° Florist and Pomol s Г. maculatum, and in the “Botanical Magazine,’ pl. 6126, as L. maculatum
of Thunberg), with the synonym of arenacenm

Mu. Liuc wever, on secing these figures at once recognized the plant, and wrote to p
that though the iem might be very similar to those of a Abe tal қар Wiese

This 1 have verified by personal examination, having seen excellent specimens of the latter with bulbs in several

herbaria; and thot

it is not now in cultivation, there can be no doubt that Mn. Талстых is right

The habitat of the plant, howerer, still remained unknown

h it is certainly found in Japan,

но travellers had met with it in a wild stat, and it might be, like several others, only introduced to the gardens

of Japan.

A few months ago I was able to show a plant of this species in flower to Ркогвявов Maxiwowrez, wi
at once recognized it as what he had discovered at Victoria Gulf and previously supposed to be Г. avenaceum,
It is quite possible that the plant may have been known before, as it was certainly sent to America several years
ago, and has been again received by Mn. Haxsos direct from Japan; but the mystery which hung over ite
origin has now been, I hope, satisfactorily cleared up.

1 may add that the name of maculatum CThunb.), which was thought to have been given to this lily,
cannot stand, the type specimen in Thunberg's own herbarium (which, through the kindness of Paoprsson
Fors, of Upsala, has been sent to the Kew herbarium for examination) being nothing more than a garde

variety of 1. elegans.

1 have seen, in a book of drawings of Japanese lilies very well and truthfully done from nature, by a

native artist, unmistakable re

resentations of both I. Hansoni and 2. arenacewn—showing that they are recognized

as distinct by the natives of that с

and may both be found in the northern parts of the archipela

The culture of this plant is so easy that I have no doubt it will soon become better known in gard

A small bulb stood the severe ік

ripen seed in thi,

сасну, it may be propagated by means of scales and

It is the earliest in growth of any

kind I know, and succeeds well in a peaty soil which does not become hot and dry in summer. "The only seed
which has been obtained by Mn. Lexcrrrz1x germinated at once, which is not the case with the Martagon Lilies,

from which this plant is also distinguished by many character

г bulb, habit, and shape of flowers

information I have quite recently received from Mn. Ново, an American gentleman k

nt in Japan, I have no doubt that the plant is found im the northern part of the Japanese archipelago

and Lam promised by him a fall account of all the lilies of that country in their wild state, about wh

ave very little knowledge

LILIUM POMPONIUM.

THE POMPONE LILY

L. Sp. 434; Bot. Mag. t. 0721; Kunth, Enum. ir. 200; Re

inn. Soc, Bot. vol, xiv. р. 249; Ardoino, Flore des Alpes-Maritimes, р. 373.

L. rubrum, Tam, et DC. Gall. їй.

Mill. Di
Balbus ovoideus pen 1 crasas. Cailis1j-2-pelalis. Folin anguste linearia ascendenti:
poll. longa, 14 lin. 1 <. Pedunealas 2-4 poll. mum nudus Pacem
papillosum et nigr-punetat E m 1 Өлік glabra distincte excavata,
labia. Filamen longs, antheris 8-4 lin. longis; polline miniato. Ovarium 6-6 lin. longum, му
alo brevius, Capsula obovoi 1L longs, apice umbilicata sala
J, Italia borealis et Galia als Alpibus Maritimis " mense Junio A
Bulb p whitish, smaller than г Stem 14-24 fet hi rect slightly furrowed, nak
we т y men cronica, 4 inches ong below by 14-2 lines broad, above sh
4 narrow at the edges, apparently м d slightly атое, Tacem
» gardens mandowerel Podis at the metn lato. P deep, bri
2-14 ine 1 4 к Capsule oboroid, 1) in unbiliete at th lantiy
"ТҮН Pompone Lily, though well known by name, is by no means a =. I have indeed great
doubts if the true plant was known in our gardens until recently grown in the last century
and is one of the oldest known to science
To Ma. G. Maw, of Benthall, whose frequent excursions t rts of Southern Europe in search of
plants have made his name so well known of late years, must be attributed the credit of reintroducing the real
L. pomponiwm of Linnaeus, and of pointing out its distinction from the common garden plant of th Iti
true that Mn. Бакин, in his last revision of the places L. pyrenaicum, the red variety of which is t
" gardens, as a variety only of the l it I think that if he had at ne scen such a plant
s Т have figured, in a living state, he would have ifc di n. Lam indebted to
Ma. Maw for the plant from which this drawing w s procured by him im the Lantosca

valley of the Maritim

т en at Benthall in June 1875. It may be
EE боз pra arrow, linear the very large anthers and warty
аре, as well as the owers, whi plant than any variety
, 1 have s
the Maritime Alps :—Lantosca (at ab on),
Е с Var, G do, Castellane, Saorgio, А
1M -
L
Mart Bit cali be planted
; т ar. 1 n
good soil an ar
ee ee i T ati

1 have likewise flowered

Г ariably tun edlings
fron à sum the male parent; and they have all shown on.
r ш ith red bu е with yellow
A 1
ithin t shape of the petals

тъ speciosum putat
ssp tum and "
n
n e if ther es and markings on the
1 before the flowers appear—the leaves of narrower than those of speciosum, and the

LILIUM AURATUM, var. WITTEL

WITTES LILY

L var. Wittei, I can say litte, It was first described by Pror. Sunixoan, of
at Leyden, as a distinct species, from a plant in Шер m of Mesens. J. Vax Dn
Rotterdam, d it from Japan,
It was then purchased by Mx. J. H. Какьлск, of Haarlem, who is probably the largest grower of Lilies in
ld, and to whom my best thanks are d in h ways placed at my
n L а n y, but al Л се Plate

he very time that Mn. Риси
lot

К Р z
ring more flower actly С Mn. Какалов plant that
r no doubt of their identity. What has b xhibited, on more than
das L ale, is, I think, the same, or almost the same, va and I am inform
Nn. W w Г f forty seed raised from three pro
š u 1 1 with L
i. 1 belev © atea
wi rom Japan n dlings, transplanted and
ted in gardens on purpose for exportation. А full account of Г. m her with other distinct

LILIUM

PARKMAN'S LILY

Т. atem, bat with the colon ва im
A ei ro L. m de im E

ПЕТ

The history of L- Parkmami is

the “ Gardeners’ Chronic

La auratum and а deep.

ured variety of 1. lancifolium Cape

the spring of 1869. There were about fifty of them, Several as 0

distinguish the features of Г. avratım in only one of them. "The n

E. lancifolium, quite unaffected by th

~The one case alluded

its colour w

This hybrid was the mos

fertilization of Lilies. “This genus is certainly remarkable in the

s the influence of the mal

characteristics of the Female parent, and re

the impregnated flower being earefully removed before they ripened,

the resulting plant did not differ

its anthers, and fertilized it again with an

atu and I

appear in the second generation if not in the first; but this d

result followed a similar experiment with L- canadense and L. superbum:

the first

pregnation was again impregnated: the result was a very

a pl

my work

whom I am indebted for permission to use that drawing

Lilies known, but, I am afraid, will never become common in this cour

| large majority of the bulbs of Г. auratum makes them very liable to go o

Hann Салонтих, as, if it is poss

e for any cultivator to increase

With regard to the litte-understood subject of hybridization amo

between a dark seed

or eight years I have been trying to effect a c

PARKMANNI, нүв

culiarties of form and colour are better shown by the Plate than

by Ms

Mass, President of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, who gives th

I sent, last year, to Ma. Ахтноху Warenen a small bulb of a hybrid Lily

Impregnation took place readily; and the young bulbs were planted in the open ground for the first ú

of the male parent; but when they set flower-buds, as nearly all of them did in the sam

remarkable exception. The flower opened ten d

a deep red: it had the fragrance of auratum, and resembled it

measured 9} inches from tip to tip of the petals. In the following year there w

largest measured 11} inches, The bulb was then in а pol. As mo spe

1 have no doubt that the flower might be grown to the diameter of a foot.

ul result of a great number of

its variety Г. Takerina with the pollen of Г. auratem, L. lancifolium, and

recptibly from its female parent, showin

lium, thinking that the influence

in this ease also, the f

In 1875 the plant lowered in the celebrated Rhododendron-nursery of Ма

Hill, where it was drawn by Mn. Frren for the ‘Florist and Pomologist, and described by Ма

Te is without doubt one of

when once out of health, they are very dificult to recover. I am glad to hear that it

ng Lilies, I would here с

communication by Mw. Ттт, of Welbeck, to the * Gardeners’ Chronicle
» and a seedling 1. aural

with a deep-red band, making the speciosum the female parent. 1 have По

LILIUM PYRENAICUM.

THE PYRENEAN LILY

1 Hor. Hi 1
r
r 1 " D
" P в в Berens). Т
L L
i ормо
Pe 1 2
Y »
р в
THE Pyrenean 1
1 а
Г
SR gardeners f
1 177 а
1
Г { P Е
1500 w Г Flore И dud,
L B L
P
1 In. Maw at T
180 1 н June I

replaced by Г. marta

LILIUM TESTACEUM.

THE NANKEEN LILY

friend Mason Ta

testaceum, by fertilizing with the pollen
ne year from seed produced by Г. tetecewm, there

though he has itle doubt of the correctness of his tatem.

Da

Aa

LILIUM

DAVID'S

1 presented
oun f the Mi
N., long. 101° E
н ° П
а гр г
p г
а
p.
D.
T

DAVIDI.

LILY

ба

n

LILIUM POLYPHYLLUM.

E MANY-LEAVED LILY

L ın, D. Don in Royle UL Him. 383 (1820); Kunth, Enum. iv. 677; брао, Mon. p. 30; Klotzsch, Reise Wald. р. 58;
Linn, Jour. xi. p. 2
atum, Jacquem., Dach, Obs. p. 77
1 к Herb, Berol.
в gras, poo s compressis, 2-5 poll. longus, 1 pell erue. Caulis glaber tems 2-4pedali. Folia 40-00
» Li а medium 0-9 lin. lata, superior ya linearia, Peluneulue infra racemum 5-8 poll
mudos 1 " " cellis A ice cernis, inferioribus
2 г. 8-31 lin. longam, vin емін cblanceo-
m m Ovarium 0-1 lin. longum, stylo valde
Hab, R и 10-8000 ped. (Horus; Jaoqeruos
Balb long end ма a a few thick compressed cales sharply pointed at the top.
Г ics feet high, Leaves ma d, or sometin
к e me Pediecls 2 м bonded by а pair of lage bra
Ге са ав den vidal. Отау 6-7 Hines lon
ч Capsule 12-10 line long, rather acutely angled, A
Lily, the onl Martagon group yet found in the Himalayas, is very little known at
Discovered forty years ago by Dn. Rota, at Ta province of Kunawar, it has
ice been gathered by several travellers in the western pa he sins; and though it has not been
noticed in Nepal, I have reason to suppose that it occurs in Sikk further east, on the frontiers of
China and Tibet, where a plant which I believe to be identical was collected by the Anni: Davin in 1869,
OF its native haunts we know but lit correspondent of Ma. Bann at
The Garden,’ Jan. 24, 1874, It grows in good, tolerably moist vegetable mould,
rubber lowers here in June, at an elevation of 6500 feet
It seems t t introduced to the Edinburgh Botanic Gardens, where it was raised, ace
Ma. мех Curator 4 sent from Sikkim, I here in fruit in October 1873, under the
me of Fritillaria ised в giren to me b Мель, which enabled me to
ter at is to say, th it ары ve ground, but, as in the case of
L the first sign of growth is a true leaf, the thickened base of petiole forms а minute
al hat the p pape of the bulb may be distinguished in its earliest stage,
me-year seedling of L. p annot be mista ny other species whose devel а
T have wate
F » here figured I am a Г Benthall, who was, 1 believe, the
zm lower ant in England, and f Ib and capsule to Ники Max
Lecar
T е been red from India by Ma. B. 1 others, and an са
x h very rare, and the gs which I have raised, though
Ма. мех me that he has received from C a a Lily apparently undistinguishabl
Т appearing in С xtraordinary, that Газ to believe, in
T labels, o 1 hich are so dificult
T graph 2 Мама. Bor 5 2, of C and represents

LILIUM

GIGANTEUM.

1 saw this noble plant bandantl Lach y 000-9000
tents, el ng i the rainfall, thong ns equal to that of the Khasia
ower valleys of Si Е ион» from April to O T m К
vegetation is of the richest and most varied description. Nearly all the most beatifi the nor
temperate zone throughout the world are here represented by one ог cies; and in 1
many plants belonging to the t S
Da. Нокии, the onl the only European, who has visited дена
valley, mentions among de ° Himalayan Journals,’ vol ii. p. 39) 2—01
N.-Amer a, Buide fras, Hydrangea, Dielyira, Aralia, Panas, S
Trillium, and Clintonia. ОГ x, Camellia, Deutzin, Aucuba, Stauntonia, Hydrangea
Skimmia, Eurya, Enkianthus hododendra and V Kadsura, Goughia, Ма
озуно, Calanthe, Batenophora, and several Scitamincons plants. Besides these were splendid representa
Of many well-known European genera, as Coneallaria, Gentiana, Spiræa, Pedicularis, Pyrola, Rosa, Anemon
Cotoneaster, Lonicera, Fritillaria, Primula. "The Gigantic Lily tow its glory above most of the other
herbaceous plants, seenting the air for yards around with it ae, in the month of July, and lying
buried under the snow from December to March, when it again begins h forth leaves *.
Though so long known to botanists, this plant was mot introduced into Euro 1817, when
Com Manos sent seeds to the Botanie Gardens, Glasnevin, Dublin, which were successfully and
Tiberally distributed, It had previously b rer several times, but, owing to the long time it takes to

germinate, had probably been thrown away as bad. ‘The plant first іі at the Comley-Bank Nurseries

Edinburgh, where Mu. CuxusonAx raised it from seed. From one of hi it was figured and published
the * Botanical Magazine" of 1851 $

Since then it has become well known, and, having been found perfectly hardy in most parts of England,

to be seen in the gardens of all who can appreciate a really fine plant, Among the places where it is

established in great perfection, I may mention the g

the Бань or Wausısanam, at Merton in Norfolk, where, the Rxv. Hanrun Ск

in Banffshire, and o

informs me, it is planted on both sides of a half-shady avenue, and ripens seed abundantly every year

‘The tendency to grow very early in the sprin

plants and trees, makes it advisable in exposed or cold situations to protect the leaves from bein

+ will be found very advantageous to it

late frosts; and if the summer is dry, copio

The offsets, which are freely produced on the old bulbs, should be separated as soon as they are larg

‘enough, and planted separately, as they prevent the large bulbs from flowering so stro lowed to
draw away their vigour, This Lily may also be successfully cultivated in a large pot, though its great size
renders it less desirable than many species for this purpose. "The seed, which is freely produced in autumn,
should be sown, as soon as it is ripe, in pots of light soil, and will germinate in the following spring, though
И kept long it may Це for one or two years before coming up. The accompanying drawing was made from

plant which flowered in my greenbowse in the end of May 1870, and was selected for figuring

of its moderate development. А full-sized plant would require a much larger plate to do justice to its
dimensions

seed has been most carefully studied and described by

The development of this plant from th

paisos Р. Decuanrar, of Paris, in an elaborate paper published in
1.561. By his kind permission I have reproduced the drawings by which

ıe Journal of the Central Horticultural

Ps

Society of France, 1874, pp.
blish them with full details at the end of my work,

this paper is illustrated, and will

= we — @c T

—— q ——

ща y PR ———— .

^»

LILIU

M PHILADELPHICUM.

THE PHILADELPHIA LILY

П
from it b

quickly than
sets, 1t

th
is noticeab he American fritillaries, whic
о. central axis, fn
and fritillaries only two, namely Lili

hores of North-castern Asia, which have many afinities,

f North America

—

Lg

F

LILIUM DAVURICUM.

THE SIBERIAN LILY

го ' Pror. Maxtwowiez descr
peculiar formation of the b his species. Не then describes his experiments in fertilizing Г. dererici
with » pollen Lu and tells us that the effect of this cross was t
1.4 a caps чым of L. bulbiferum; whilst L- bulbiferum fertilized with the pollen
L. daruricun produced the male p
this fact, if it could be really verified, 3 able one; but it is so contrary t
the ex f many persons who have attempted dize lilies (sce under Za Parbnanni), that 1 cannot
help supposing that there must be some error in the statement
From what I bare seen myself, I believe that very much dependence cannot be placed on the form or size
of lily-capsul сей in culti It often happens that complete fertili mot take place, and
more often tl vigour of th иеш to enable it to mature or even swell the whole of the
capsule, in which саке its shape ie very different fro 11d be, Whether the difference between the caps
these plants in a wild state is really с to decide, from th pecime
as I have never seen or been able to procure a perfe of lern pposed on
more likely to belong to capsules of

existing in the Kew Herbarium, being from Corsica,
the apex бм.

L. elegans, which 1 have seen, differ conspicuously in hav

ron in fig. 2, which is undoubtedly Gawuer's L. da

I was at one time inclined to believe that the plant

icon, was diferent from the one described by Da. Цеви, as the articulation of the bulb-seales (ride fig. 3)
‘hich both he and Pror. Махтмочтся regard as one of the distintivo characters in their Siberian plant, is, as far
moreover, a creeping habit (ride fig. 2).

as my experience goes, not visible in the old cultivated strain, which has
L this difference, though it does n

size or solidity of the

‚com to have improved th

cultivation may have had the effect of causing

which is always fragile and delicate ; but ther

Gawuun writes of it in 1809, “Tt has now been cultivated in our gardens for at least sixty years, during
which time it has maintained its appearance and habits. It is very shy of flowering, never produces more than
о flowers, and rarely more than one; hardly ever a perfect pistil, but a profusion of which never arrive

to us the appearane

he islands of Saghalien and Yesso, where it ha

found by Prov. Maxi

ın of the Amoor, to

Lom indebted to Ма, Bor for the plant shown in fig. 1, which was received by him from а

|
|

- са sees
— — —M - — — “. “ы.

LILIUM CROCEUM.

HE ORANGE LILY

The
called var

arlist and showiest, often bearing as m

2 feet high

pecie

f Ma. Ba

of this

different

from that of La bulbiferum; but

that 1

om plants of ü

a's garden is a
that of Lee

— — — mman — +- —— -—-- > — — <=

LILIUM CARNIOLICUM.

THE CARNIOLIAN LILY

LILIUM CANDIDUM.

THE WHITE LILY

L Bot. Mag. к L в к
в r 1
12
n
1 i
Y Г
5 в
Exe
nd a
L
ls
1 а
т т а

LILIUM TENUIFOLIUM.

THE NARROW-LEAVED LILY

Do Vriese, Ann, Hort. Pays-Bas, 1801, 2

в

nera

and thou or practised in

ot L.

етип will germinate very easily and qui

At the far-famed n x Hovrre, 6

Lil and

and sandy though cool and

+ to grow best im a li
appears to а

inclined to think that the bulbs

1 am, indeed,
duction by those

and perish from the mere act of rep ке

of England.
in Ма

be their habit in matur

d by him from Japan, is,

introdu

which was

does not appear to be common in Japan, if, indeed, it

тену opp

Ru a some
nd

s Lily which are imported f
lo

The bulbs of 0

one shown in the Plate the scale numer

but these details will be best shown by woodcuts

f L
The Lily cal

Luicmruw's өрі

à puniceum by Vox Surmorn
i

I have

what diferent appearance from the

LILIUM CHALCEDONICUM.

THE SCARLET MARTAGON LILY

Le 1 ғ Red. Lil 1 m
в Lin. Soe. 1
1 Park. P
L в
к в 1 1
F 1 1
в L а

Par
à i
M
E n а
N 1
has driv м
"
1 а here б
1 T
а
т 1
m per "
тъ irati
г
Ms. В, L г г Grisebach

LILIUM

BROWN

BROWNL

S LILY
Ann. M ан
F
'
1804, by Carr. Kin
va England
а
‘ а
hina and J
е Kew Hi ae
y c
D. :
Lb

Berlin, where it is
ще M. Vax Ностик nu

Tight soil is nee

In Messns. Он

E it in great perfection, many of the
Title better than sand enriched with manure
to thrive; but, though perfectly hardy, one rarely sees it

1 have п procure a perfect сар
that the seed germinat n all the Баир group

ПА. year of growth.

The purple colour on the outside of the lowers of L
of light the plant has received, and is not so dark when growin
Texvon Crane, of Welton Place, which

me of the

1 imagine that a ven

» told it шей

uni monadelphum

la
illl

— -

—

——

— —= En A

— >

LILIUM MONADELPHUM.

HE CAUCASIAN LILY

Though introduced by Masons. Lovorars early in this century, it has not become common until the
species, it has been deseribed an der several different names by various authors; and though the
varieties are fairly distinct, yet they ran h other so closely, that 1 think best to follow the high
authority of Ми. Baxen in considering them as varieties onl

was first described by the Russian Bot rats vox Biesenersi, having been found
when those mountains were first explored an naturalists, By Lepenovn it was con
he same ax La p nd though that opinion may seem ridiculous when a fine and we
own plant is examined, yet one of the varieties, which Ma. Вакка has distinguished as var, Ledeour,
but little different from the Pyrenean p
he base or (as is more common in the variety called Scoeisimu

The plant described as Г. ponticum hy Pror. С J, of which 1 have seen the type specimen in th
Berlin Herbarium ne to be in any way separable from this species. The living plan
Puorssson Каси himself. There is, however, in Lazistan (the mountainous region at the SE. an

Black Sea) a much smaller and possibly distinct plant, collected by Baraxsa, and distributed in herbaria by

M. Dosen as Г. ponticum.

As far as I can learn, the variety monadelphum (which is here figured from a plant which flowered in my
garden in June 1875, and produced in 1876 twenty-nin stem) is confined to the northern and
astern parts of the Caucasian region; whilst the variety Ѕзийіанит (of which a plate will be given shortly) i
"ly found on the коше Г the mountains in the provinces Imeretia, Mingrelia, and Georgi

1 would here point out that, though T am not at all e hese two forms can in all cases be well

separated, yet, as a rule, they may be distinguished by sev mong which the colour of the pollen,

which is red-brown in S

is also from a fortnight to three weeks earlier ін Mower, and, when first

‘ed, whereas in Scovisianum they are concealed by the leaves until the plant is just

ШЕТІ

LILIUM JAPONICUM.

KRAMER'S LILY

L омен, Thunb, FL Jap. 1

1, Kramer, Hook. &L Bot, Mag. t 6188; Baker, Linn. Journ. vl xiv. p. 280

L. Elizabethe, Hort Lid

dalis, gracilis, tores, glaber. Folin distantia, sparsa, lineari-lanceolata,

Balbus perennis, parvas, pyriformis. Caulis 1-

анана brevissime petiolata, бева, viridia, 9-3-nerrata, 3-6 poll. longa, 0-0 lin, lata. Perianthium suaveolens, horizontale,

vel roseum, 4-7 poll, longum, e basi ad collum sensim ampliatum ; segmentis

late баба

oblongis, fore expanso, triente superiore falcatls supra medium, exterioribus 10-15, interior wie Filamenta

un, stylo leviter declinato,

lino rubro, Ovarium 1 poll, k
L kap.

perianthio subduplo breviora; antheris 8-0

duplo brevius, Cap rides, obtuso angulats
Hab. Japonia (искало; Maxtuowten)

Bulb smal, about 1-2 inches thick, pyrorm, whitish, Stem 1-3 feet high, ere

аргон. Leaves scattered, Hneatlancelate,

10 lines broad, Flowers 1-5, white ог rose

jy petiole, З-б, 4-6 inches

А like that of La aun

M; anthers large, with red pollen, Ovary 1 inch long; style slightly declined ; capsule bluntly a

lel, about an inch

harming Lily here described has a curious history, and affords an additional proof of the necessity

т"

a few years ago it was considered a new species, and figured as such im the ‘Botanical Magazine

of studying such plants fr rather than from dried specimens. When introduced to Europe
Provusson Maxımowicz, on seeing the plant in flower at Ми. Wirson’s in 1875, told me that it was
known to him in Japan, and had been regarded as L. japonicum of Thunberg. Тө make this certain,
Ma. Baxen was good enough to procure, through the kindness of Pror. Анвсного, of Upsala, the

specimens of Lilies collected by Tuvxnenc in Japan, after examining which we both agreed that the original

plant named japonicum by him was identical with what had hitherto been known as Krameri and not, as was

supposed, with Z. Bruni,

Y have little doubt that the Lily described as Z belladonna, from a drawing made by Mn. Haxsox of
New York, and kindly sent me by him, must

о be referred to this species ; for though I have not seen the plant

from which the drawing was made, 1 have seen forms of Г. japonicum very closely resembling it. Both

L. Krameri and L. beladoma have been supposed to be hybrids; but from what I can learn about the

plant in its native country, I think there is little doubt that it is а distinct species, occurring abundantly in some

parts of Southern Japan.

Provesson Maxiwowicz did not see it himself in a wild state, but had it brought him from a

considerable elevation in the mountains of Senano, in the island of Nippon: and Mu. T. Hoco, an American
ntleman who has sent home large quantities of bulbs of this plant, says that it grows wild near Lake

Biva, on the hills of Kioto, in South-west J

owing to the difficulty of importing its small and rather delicate bulbs alive, one of the

rarest п our gardens; but large importations having been received in first-rate condition during the
ast two seasons, it has been sold at a more moderate price than formerly, and has become better known.
If healthy bulbs can be procured, there seems to be no particular difficulty about growing them, t

1 must confess that no one has, to my knowledge, rivalled Mu. Wırsox in his successful treatment of this Lily

ds it

ва height of 3 feet, or even more, and produces one to four or five flowers of a great

sine a wy; but more commonly, in my own garden, it assumes much dwarfer ons, as in

the variety distinguished by Mn. Baxe as Barrianum tivated under glass, it should be treated

exactly like Г. auratum ; but it may be grown and flowered out of doors with suc

at present is little understood, as offsets are not produced freely, and the obtained, seem t

in the ground before germinating
At the Vienna Exhibition in 1874 a large collection of Lilies was sent by the Japane

from the Royal Gardens at Miaco, accompanied by excellent drawings from natu

ur. One of the most beautif

several forms of L joponicun, varying considerably in size, form, and col

under the name of Г. Elisabetha) was a

these (which I saw flowering in Henn Litenrias's garden in 1875,
de

large pink-flowered form resembling the one which 1 have figured; and it is possible that some are hy

between Г. japonicum and L. auretum, which is nearly allied to it

‘The plants here figured are the rose-coloured and the white variety, and were both draw

Ma. Wasox’s residence in June 1876. The outline al of singular laciniated

permanent. In the ‘Gardeners’ Chronicle” for

this malformation is probably n August 11, 1877, Ме

Kaniaar, of Haarlem, mentions a fine purple-owered variety in his garden, which 1 have

elsewher

a mancum

|

(

E

‚on

г

Lahum marta:

LILIUM MARTAGON.

THE MARTAGON LILY

н maculata Folia in verticillos 9-4, 6-O-foliatos disposita, superiore spana horizontalia, oblan T
pen pra medium 12-15 Ци. Ша, costa venis distinctis utrinque 3-5 distantibus
abra vel p pellen Васо Soros bracteis paris, pedicellis
" Perianthium suaveolens, vinoso-purpureum, 15-18 lin. 1
ela pr apice eucullatis erai puberulis. Filamenta 8-10 lin. lon в
odentia, polline rubro. Ovarium 5-6-linaris, styli valde declinati bis tertia parte I ч
L. мешит, Mill Diet. no. 10 (L Wi таче ранай
L Spreng, Sj it. 0 " nitide viridibus polline нео. Adsunt formes foribus
Visiani, PL Dalm, Sup
р 1. des Serres, 2127.
Hab. Alpes Dinari
id, pointed, yellowish, 1-8 inches thick, Stem 3-6 feet high, ere me Leaves in whorls of
9, with a few scattered ones below the Rowers, spreading horizon dy downy beneath, Flowers
mot bracteolate, but having a pair of bracts at the base, Perianth 1 у dull purplish red, prota
ni varying with white and Aesh-oloured flowers, Ovary De
ase; бі le much curved; pellen reddish. С angled 1 inch long.

voduccd. It may perhaps be

has been

"ев Manases Lily is so well known to every one that it is hardly necessary t

long in cultivation, that we have no record of how and when it was ir

und in an apparently wild state, it has escaped from

y; though more probably, wh
all over Western, Central, and Eastern Ei

and Oural Mountains, growing in billy districts in meadow

o Siberia, as far north as lat, 61, and in

cultivation. It is found
or on the borders of woods, amon

up to an elevation of 6000 or 6000 feet

as far as I know, only two are found in a wild stat

varieties of L. Me
amely +—L. hirsutum of Miller's ‘Garden Dictionaryy'=
ox Kant, Koon, in the Hartz Mountains and Thuringia; and,
figured by Jacavın in the * Flora Austriaca; aud

ye kind generally found

red in the Bot, M

Milleri, Schultes, which is ва

ding to Puore

мз, and is found wild, ace
ondly, Z. glab

so in the Bot. Mag. pl. 1634. This is the one nost commonly seen in gardens, and is

prengel's “Systema Vegetabiliun,

The White Martagon, of which I have given a representation on the Plate, i + very pretty variet,

where it probably originated. There are also many others, varying more or le "

a ich are occasionally seen at the present time re much better known two centuri
Paradisus, 31, where a long account of them is giv

The very distinct variety of this plant usually called dafmatieum, though it had b descr

nder the name of Cattanie, was hardly known to cultivators until 1876, when it wa

gency of Henn Max Lrreuruux, w

LILIUM SUPERBUM.

THE SWAMP LILY

L. трет, 1 Sp. 434; Bot. Mag. t. 996; Red. Li 10 ка Sores, t. 1014-15; Аа Gray, Man. p. 512; Baki
Linn. Jour. xiv. p

Balbus breviter stoloniferus, annuus, squamis Сыйы 3-0-podalin, robustas, glaber, purpureo lacis... Pol
y verticilos 8-4 9-10-flitos 4 = dido viridis, glabra, 3-6
4-5 poll longa, modio 6-0 lin. ata, Fl jean 9-10 poll шаа dispositi; pedicels
тишә, ішігін ғай ium 3-4 рой. longum, splendide rubro-surantiacom; segments

ондый, көбе 6 pude een nferiore punctis vin sis, paullulum lamellati

seola impresa marginibus glabris predia Fi a, vide diverge T 6-9 lin
logi. Onrium 9-13 lin. longum, 4 Capoula obovoidea, obtuse Саца

Heb, А Canada ad Carolina, in

ick mia Z

North America, from Canada to

ІНЕ Swamp Lily is found commonly in most of the Eastern States

Carolina, growing in wet and swampy ground which is sometimes under water all the winter
Ma. Haxsox tells me that he once found a spot in New Jersey where there were at least 5000 plants of
this noble Lily all in flower at once, ranging up to 6 feet high, and bearing as many as 30 flowers; but
ош of the whole number it was dificult to find three exactly alike. The western range of this plant
is not well known; and towards the Southern States it merges into a distinct form or species known as

L. carolinian to Prov. Asa Grax, th

Mich, of which I shall give a figure separately. According

hes L. canadense very closely in some of its form: as far as I have seen,

they may always be distinguished by reen triangular marks at the base of the inner perianth-segments,

and generally by the purple colour of the stem.

perbun, in suitable soil, stains a great height and beauty, but is rarely seen in perfection in
It likes a deep, wet, peaty situation, and will hardly exist on dry or calcareous soils, It m
be seen to great advantage in the nurseries of Ма. A. Warsnen, at Knaphill, at Mn. P. Вана grounds, and

сей into this country for at least a century, perhaps longer, and is now tolerabl

mamon. ts bulbs are impatient of removal, and should never be disturbed when the plu a
thriving state. It produces seed freely; but this does not germinate year or more after sowing, and
is very troublesome to raise. ‘Though in size, number, and colour of flowers the plant is very variable

I have seen no varieties worth naming, what is known as Z. superbum pyramidale being simply a luxuriant

form of the plant when well established in deep moist soil

My figure was taken from a plant which flowered at Mn. Wirsox's towards the end of July 1875,

and, though not showing the star at the base of the flower as plainly as I should wish, is a very goo

[мата Leichtlnu

LILIUM LEICHTLINI.

LEICHTLIN'S LILY

K. Leicht, Hook. бі, Bot Mag, t. 5073; WL Hort. t 540; Flore des Serres, t. 1 оз; Belg. Mort. 1809,

Floral Mag. t. 509.

albos parvus, perennis, globosus, squamis paneis at
эмеште puberalus, bai repens. Folin 20-40, spars, linearia, aseendentn,etarate viridia, firma, plana, distincte
inferiora 3-5 poll. longa, 3-4 lin. ats, a lanceolata. Flores 1-5, laxe corymbosi; pedicels erecto-patentibus, 3-4

pol longi

is apice cemwis, Perianthium

alien

Ovarium gracile, 91

ta fava,

Hab. Japonia (Мухлон)

4 high, not ascending directly from the bulb, but creeping

Ball small, white, with a few thick broad sn
um horizontally to some distance from it, and bearing small bulbs at intervale upon its subterrancous portion
Leaves mattered, 30-40 in number, 3-0 inches long, 3-4 lines broad, acutely pointed, and gradually narrowed to the b
«ined Snerved, obscurely puberulous beneath. Flowers 1-3 or sor е; pedicels 3-4 inches long. Periam
1-3 inches deep, bright yellow ; the divisions much efes, lanceolate, 4-1 inch broad, spotted copiously with pur
ed, the base broad, with the groove caged with hairy lines. Ovary 3 inch K inches, filaments 2-2 inch

Polen reddish. Capsule unknown to me, but

ru bandome Lily which bears the name of o
sense than any other person, Henr Max 1ласитых, of Baden,

who has perhaps done more for this genus in a horticultural

was first brought to notice by its

Lilian auratun in Messns. Verrcw's Nursery in 1867, Since t

accidental appearance amongst a bed o
Europe, though

sparingly from Japan, and has been cultivated with indifferent success in

has been imported
Mu. Wiusox has shown, there is no reason why the plan
is characteristic of this Lily must always be taken into

sould not be grown and p mue

ase as many other species. The creeping habit whic
it ot, the shoot is apt to get broken or checked in its growth; and as it is

ideration

never very robust, in many cases death ensues. If planted in the open gi

à from the hot sun, as this Lily is easily scorched up and injured by drought in summer

ntry; but Lam indebted to Proresson Maxınowicz for

Very little is known of the plant in its native
ıe gardens of Тедо, in 1862, blossoming at the end

information :— I had this Lily first from
ь under the name of ° Hirado Yuri,’ i.e, Lily from Hirado island; but the native botanists

the followin

sf July and in Augus
calla plant which seems to be a variety of Z. elegans by the same name. In the middle of November 1 got

id to extend throughout the Мен

yama. Prom here it is

at the foot of Fud

in ripe fruit from the wood

peninsula to the neighbourhood of Yokohama, but nowhere very common. It bears 1-7 flowers, and diffen

vom Г. Marimowiezi in the following partie

L. ма

L. Leich

stem is terete; peduncles |

The stem is winged and an

ar; pedune

than flower. horter than the flower
Stem bracteate mostly in the middle Stem bracteate at the base

more revolute; stamens

te; style club-shaped,

Capsule umbonate

As Pnornsson Maximowicz is ре botanist who has had the advantage of comparin

ese species in a wild state „ bis opinion; but I cannot withold the remark

that, however different they may appear at first si # inclined, as far as my experience of them in

cultivation goes, to allow much importance to these ch To fact, if it were not that such good botanist
as Da. Hoorzm and Мн. Baxe had treated this p a distinct species, 1 should be inclined to join
it with 1. peendotagrinun and 1, Mazinowiei. The colour of the flower, however, will always distinguish it

from either of these, and does not seem to vary at all.

The form distinguished as 1. Leichtlini majus is, I believe, in a great measure the result of the superior

cultivation for which Ma. Wusox is so distinguished, as I have not seen it except in his garden. T am

indebted to him for the plant here figured, which flowered at Heatherbank im July 1875,

пози

ahum Са

|

LILIUM CALLOSUM.

SIEBOLD'S LILY

1, Callosum, Sieb. & aee PL Jap. ix. 80, t. 41; Miquel, Ann. Mus, Lug. Bat. 15

1, pomponium, Thunb. PL Jap. 154, non Linn.
лет, Каты, Amen. v. 871

Balbus тата

nis squamis paucis lanceolatis, Caulis

та
paste revolutis, inferiora 3-4 pell. longa, medio 1-2 lin. la

ascendentia glabra Sima viridia 3-S-nersata marginibus an

superiora кешіп minora. Ra

4-9 tin. longis, pice cbts eios, Perianthium coccineum, 15-18 ln. longum, segmentis oblanceolate

Ji. Matis, а

¢ cucullatis, foveola gl

atra profunde excavata, marginibus gl

i Filamenta perianthio trente breviora,

hers coceineis 3-4 lin. longis. Ovarium 6-10 lin.

pum, slo датио Jer

+ declinato. Capsula elongata 16-18 lin.

Muse angul

Hab. Japonia et insole Loochoo (Maxtor, Ormia, Donor).

Var. srexonmas

L. tenvifolium, v

stenophyllum, Baker, 2,1,8. Bot. xiv. p.

un, Maxim. FI. Amur

E “ Hort. Laichtlin. non D.C.

artenfor, 1805, t. 463, f

„Canis humilior, folis latioribus, bracteis hand vel minus cali

Hab, Mantehuria (Masswowiez).Davura austro-orientalis (Малек).

Bulb globose, an inch thick, with oblong cupidate white sales. Stem 1

purple at base. Leaves 20-30, scattered, lax, linear, 3-4 inches Yong, 1-2 lines broad, narrowed gradually to the ba

mutely pointed, the edges slightly rero Flowers 2-0

rem рода arcuate, ascending, 1-3 inches lon

of bracts,

mibtendod (in the Japanese plants, though not so distinctly in the Siberian specimens) by а ре

14-1) inch long, th

tip. Perianth minkumerel, with obscure Black dots on lower hal

nents blanceolatespathulae

3-4 lines broad, obscurely раро, roars

from about half their length. Ovary clavate, 1 inch long; style 4 inch À

‘laments about an inch anther versatile, 8-4 lines lo m кайы. Сар

1A} inch

it has

[UTE plant here described is one wich, unti quite recent, was tile known in Europe; and
been confused by authors with another species (Z. (енида), I have taken an early opportunity

Originally described and figured in Srenouo’s fine folio work on the Flora of Japan, it was afterwards
discovered by Pnornsson Maxımowiez in Amurland and Mantehuria, and introduced by MAACK to the B

Garden of St. Petersburg in 1859. ‘The continental variety which he sent, being in some points unlike the

Japanese plant figured by Snot, was supposed by Dn. Rear to be the Lilium pumilum of Кивостб, and was

figured by him under that name in the * Gartenfora” for 1865.

This variety was afterwards described by Ma. Влкк in the “Journal of the Linnean Society,’ from a

drawir

z of Mn. Lmicnruix’s, as a variety of L. temifolium, On a subsequent examination of the plant in a

living state, and comparison with dried specimens from Japan, however, Mn. Baxen agreed with me that it

is really not distinct from Signos species, though the callous bracts, which in his figure are probably somewhat

exaggerated, are hardly visible in many specimens,

Pnorasson Maxiwowicz of St. Petersburg, to whom I applied for information, confirms this opinion

and tells me that this variety, which he calls pumilum, is smaller and lower than the Japanese variety, has fe

flowers, broader leaves, and le

conspicuous bracts, He found it rare in Mantchuria, in the low flats along the

Sungari river; but more common on drier meadows further up the same river, where it lowers in the month of

July, The Japanese plant he found abundantly round Nagasaki, at 600-2000 fet elevation, in mountain-pastur

where it flowers from July to the end of September—also in grassy valleys at the foot of volcan mountains in

шаага; he did not find it, however, in the island of Nippon.
Simono tells us that he found it growing, in company with such plants as Smilacina, Lepidiz, Veronica,

and various on the slopes of volcanic mountains. He also states that the bulbs are collected and eaten

Tike those of La tigrinum, either roasted, They are very nourishing and agreeable in taste, and are

used in a preserved state as a rem

As an ornamental plant this species has Ийе to recommend it. Its flowers are small and dull in colour

it is not likely to find favour in the

compared with most Lilies; and though it is quite hardy and easy of culture

See of gardens. The specimen figured fowered in my garden in July 1876, frum а bulb sent me by
Di rare in the previous autumn. Tt produces seed in good seasons; but, being now tolerably abundant in

Mediation, I have not attempted to raise it. I believe that most of the plants now in England are of Russian

Origin and belong to the Siberian variety, as I have seen none which showed the callous bracts as distinctly as

they are shown in dried specimens from Japan

parvum

|
| alum

e" A 2.

EEE

LILIUM PARVUM.

HE SMALL-FLOWERED ROCKY-MOUNTAIN LILY

1 Kellogg, Proc, Cal. Acad. 179, t 52 don, Duchartre, Obs. t
г w Baker, Linn. Joum. x Mag. ¢ û
Balbus breviter rhisomatosus, күшін Taxis arcuatis, миди. С lalis, teres viridis, glaber, infra racemam nudos,
Y illata vel араға, 2-3 poll longn, 4-6 lin. lta, Tacemus laxus 2-30-forus, podicellis scendentibus 2-6 p
корь b i. Flores horizontales Ai. Perian 18 lin longum, aurantiaca, sepissime punetatum:
ents acuti n. latis, supra medium feti. Ovarium 3-4 Цв. longum, styli suberocti dimidia longitudin
Capsula truncata 4-6 lin. longa, 3-4 lta, obtuse angulata

tab. с A montes Sierra Nevada, alt Borax

Bulb sn Jant, shortly rhizomatous, and composed of many loosely attached, smal, white, jointed scale. Stem

h, naked below the raceme, Тен neben long, 4-6

» Tong, inlined эрим or horizon og, pale or dark
Capsule short, oblong, smaller than in any of the allied spe

MIE name of pareum, though applicable to the flowers of this plant, which are small in comparison with

its nearest allies, is certainly not descriptive of the species; for though not usually seen in

thr d Europe, itis said to attain in its native mountains a height of 3 feet, or even more. It

as only be to the scientific world since 1868, when Dm. Калово, of San Francisco, described it

and though not recognized as a distinct species by Mu. Baxen, I think I can clearly show that, d

roaches any of the forms of £. enmadense, and may also be distinguished from any

osition of its flowers, which are always more erect than

by its bulb, capsule, and the form and

a and other ranges in the Pacific States of North
sid by Da. В,

It is a native of the higher parts of the Sierra Nev

Axpen to grow exclusively

America, where it is found at an elevation of 4000-8000 feet. It is

fon the banks of mountain-streams, or in shady swampy places through which a constant stream of cold

It was first introduced by Ма. B. Rozz, who sent it to Hear Таленты in 1872, and was figured
in the * Gartenflora" in 1873, though, owing to the weak condition of the plant, that plate does not give

There are many varieties of colour, some without spots, and some much decper than the plant figured

the flower. Five of these

never seen any departure from the characteristic form and position

of Haarlem, in his * Catalogue of Lilies’ for 1826.

are named by Mn. J. H. Киклок,

тъ of this Lily sometimes grow in large masses which produce а number of stems and ramify
in every direction; the scales are usually articulated in three or four places, and are very fragile. On this

ıt it is best to leave it undisturbed as long as possible, until, cither from the exhaust the soil or

the overcrowding of the stems, it becomes necessary to divide

It appear ed best in moist peaty soil, and if undisturbed soon acquires vigour, though I have

o Минин». Bann and Scopes,

nowhere seen a finer example than the one here figured, for which I am indebted

LILIUM NEILGHERRIEN

THE NEILGHERRY LILY

г ense, Wight, Te. t. 2081-2: Baker, L

р Wight, Te t 2093-1
1. Wallchionum, Wight, 1e. t. 9035, non Schultes, f

1, Metz, Steud. in Hohen. PL Or. sie no. 954,

L.neilgkerricem, hort. Veiteh.; Lemire, II. Hort. x. t 86
Tal Spolicars albidus, squamis crassis, lanceolatis. Caulis 2-3-pedalis, strictus, glaber, basi sub terra longe
a 30-10, glabra, nitide viridia, ascendentn, sparsa, distincte $-G-nerrts, inferiora 3-4 poll. longa, medi
Flores 1-8 vel plans, albi vel Ite, eusvoclentes, horiontalea. Perianthium angusto nfendibulforme 6
ubo 3-5 pell supra basin vix ampliato, segmentis oblenccclato-umgaicaats Bro expanso apice slum:
callosis, 10-20 ін. ats, Stamina p Paulo breviora, antheris angustis, 9-12 lin. longis, poli

Hab. Ad montes Indie peninsularis, 5000-8000 ped alt. (Wi Monosx)
Bulb roundish, composed of fim, thick, compat whitish or purplish sales. Stem usus he base, son

distance of 1-2 aring many bulbils on ite subterrancous portion, 2-3 fel t, glabrous, green, or tinge

aves 30-40, lanceolate, erecto-patent, the lower ones 3-5 inches long, 8-12 lines broad, the upper ones becoming

but not narrower, S-T-nervel. Flowers 1-3, or more, drooping in the bud, horizontal when expanded, white

y lemon-eolour, occasion Perianth 6-12 inches in length, with the tube narrow for nearly half its length,

and the mouth widely exp ents broad, distinctly kel, and callous at the tp, Stamens

Capsule 13-2 inches long, umbilica

NWO years ago I should hardly have ventured to publish the plate here given, lest I should be said to have

nt that, so far from exceeding in

exaggerated the size and beauty of this flower; but I am now confi

these respects the limits of truth, I have, if any thing, fallen short of them.

ng to the Order Lilinece with which I

Lilium neilgherriense has larger flowers than any plant belor
ugh not so

acquainted, as, in dried specimens which I hase examined, they exceed а foot in length, and, th

nt in form and deliciously scented.

attractive in colour as in some other kinds, are most el

Da. Wion, whose great illustrated work on the plants of Southern India will always remain

The lat

as a monument to his labours, first discovered this plant in the Neilgherry Hills

which, with а few other

mountain-tracts of moderate area in Southern India, it is restricted. Though nearly allied to Wallich's Lily,

which represents it in the Himalayas, and varying considerably in itself, the Neilgherry Lily may be

to be recognized by its long-tubed open-mouthed

upon as a distinet and fairly well-marked species—alway

flower, its ereeping stem, and short leaves

у, north of the Neilgherries, this Lily is not

Though found in hilly parts of the Mysore territor

sto the southward; but when travelling throug

with certainty to exist in the Annamally and Cardamom

wn regions in March 1870, I fou

of this plant; and,

what I believe were the withered stem

Neilgherries, I have little doubt

these иеа
judging from the resemblance of the fora of these mountains to that of the

it will be found in them wherever suitable localities exist

rowing in rocky and precipitous places

Mx. R. Moncax tells me that Za neilgherriense is generally found.
loamy soil found in the d

and also amongst low Acanthus bushes on hillsides. It luxuriates in the bl

and crevices of large rocks, and thrives in a comparatively warm climate, such as that of Coonoor

also found up to 5000 feet, on the Snowdon and Dodabetta peaks. It flowers in

5000 feet <

September or October, and ripens its sccd in January or February

which proves t a much better constitution an easy to cultivate than many o ае
wer out of doors in the south-west of England, and even evi
tre plant—not only on account of its dislike to cold,
which it nth,
енип, 1 know of no other Lily which is so late, both in coming up and in dying down
peculiarity which must be well remembered by those who wish to succeed in its culture
which is shown by the young shoot to me distance in a horizontal direction befor
This habit, though not invariable and e loss or injury of many bul
if care is not taken to watch the first appearance of the shoot and direct it lin
requisite level after it i well bos d; ot the shoots will descend against the si
y taking a turn round at the bottom and wasting their strength among the crocks, come up
or perhaps appear at last urface too late is ason and too exhausted to lower.
10 care be taken not to overwat d to keep down aphides, I believe this Lily will succeed to
perfection, planted out in а Camellia-house, where it will have of space to travel about at will
"Though I have not yet seen more than three flowers on a, T believe it is capabl ducis
far more ; and as nothing is easier than nts flowering jon from July to № юш
considered equal, И not superior to Z. auratum as an indoor Lily, and surpassing all except 1. specion
which I still look on as the best of the genus.
Though the lowers vary in size from 6 inches up to а fot long, and in colour from creamy whit "
yellow and occasionally pink, the varieties are not, in a botanical point of view, very remarkable; and until I
know more about their constaney and local distribution, I should be disinclined to separate any of them from the

gh Wiour, relying on characters which in this genus are ved them as three species,

type th

| The seeds, which seem to take much longer in ripening than i from high de
germinate quickly, like those of Z. longiflorum, and. produce leaflets at once, after the manner of Г. candidum. 1
imagine that in four or Ave years the seedlings will attain a flowering size; but as offsets are made freely, both
оп the bulb and on the subterranean stem, it is easy to increase the plant without so great an exercise of patience
The plant here figured flowered in the garden of J. H. Euwes, Esa, at Colesborue Park, Gloucestershire
in July 1876, and is th a which a drawing was made by Mn. Frren for the * Gardeners’ Chronicle

«E

LILIUM PARDALINUM.

THE CALIFORNIAN LILY.

1, pardalinum, Kell, Proc. Calif. Acad. ii. 12; Duchartre, Ом.

L pardainem, var. pallidifoliem, Baker, loc. ct

L. pardalinum, var. Bourgas, Baker, lo. it

1, pardalinum, var, californicum, herb. Lindley ; Florist, 18 s
11, Roel, Regel, Garten, t 607, 18
“nadawe, var, Нат, Baker, Gard. Chron. 1871, p. 321.
1, canadens, var. Walker, Wood, Proc. Acad. Phil. 1
1, emadewe, var. puberulum, Torr. Bot. Whipple, 90.
os, breviter stoloniferus, squamis lanceolatis plurimis, керйнйп artioulatis, Coulis 3-6-podalis, teres, viridis, lah
Folia in verticillos 6-124oliatos disposita el sparsa, 3-6 poll, longa, 9-18 lin. lata, glabra, tenera, $-T-venta, Мон

icli elongatis opio cern longum, splendide rubrum, fando aur

a excavata, marginibus в
Stamina perianthio triente breviora, anthers fulvis; stylu Capsula oblong

spice umbilicata.
Hob. California. Oregon. Utah, (IHaerwea; Rorre; Kuono, Ке)

Bulb lage, white, producing 1-6 stolons or new bulbs annually; composed of thick, whit, often articulated sales. Stem 3-6

Leaves 4-7 inches long, 1-2 brood, oblong lanceolate, generally in regular whorls of

ftem scattered; veins from 1 to 3, more or less indistinct, Flower 3-80, arranged

тей or crimson, with the lover part of the segments orange, spotted

iex s; style curved, twice as long as the ovary. Capsule

pared, has been known f

"Тин ese Lily, of which one variety some years, having been collected

by Hanrweo in 1848, and те

ved the MS, name of californicum from Da. маи, As, however,

no description was published until 1869, and a plant which had been previously named by Torrey cannot

certainly be referred to this species, it will be best to keep it under Dr. Kuttoca's name, by which it is

most generally known both in America and England.

The varieties of this species are both numerous and puzzling ; but after watching the growth of many

plants from different sources, in my own garden and those of others, for four seasons, I am inclined to believe

that not more than two or three are worthy of description, and that even these might so change their form,

if removed to a different soil and climate, that it would be hard to recognize or distinguish them. Botanists

when naming

pecies from dried specimens, or after the comparison of а few plants, are often misled by

characters which seem at the time and distinct, but which prove too unstable to rely on; so that the

confusion which prevailed among the various western species of American Lilies would hardly have been

Cleared up if it had not been for the assistance that has been derived from horticulture

certainly say whether the plants named Bourgei, Ro

li, and Walteri come properly under

this species or mot; but по living plant out of the thousands I have examined can be referred to either

ky

L. canadense or Г. supe

1: and though these species, or varieties of them, may extend west of the R

Mountains, yet I am inclined to think that all the Lilies with stoloniferous bulbs from the

are forms of Г. pardalinum.

As 1 shall have to give another Plate of this species; [ will leave the description of the different

varieties for a future article, merely stating that the one figured here, which, I believe, should stand as var.

californicum, may always be distinguished from the rest by the greater size and beauty, though smaller number,

ofits flowers, which rarely exceed three in number, I was informed by Henn Roszu that it is found on the

coast range, at a lower elevation than the other varieties, and that in the interior it is represented by a taller

and many-flowered plant which he called Г. puberulum

~=
-

LILIUM CAROLINIANUM.

HE SOUTHERN SWAMP-LILY

Е

Y
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3 ——— — 1 —— <

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LILIUM LONGIFLORUM.

THE LONG-FLOWERED LILY

1.500; Flore des Serres, t. 270; Land. Bot. <

L. Langiforno, Thunb, Linn. Tran ii. p. 388: Spas, Men. p. 19; Bot. Re
1.085; Miguel, Ала. Mas L iii. 157; Baker, Linn, Jour. xiv. p

Balbus perennis flavescens squamis lanceolatis, Caulis 1-3-podalis strictus glaber, Polia 20-40 sparsa la
glabra, 3- Servia, 8-5 poll. longa, 4-6 lin, lata. lores subhorzontale, eepissme solitarii, inten iium
album suaveolens sdibuliforme 5-8] poll longum, tubo 2-3 poll supra basi, vix am ment
lanceolatis obtusis dore expanso quadrante superiore fats ad basin trientis superioris 12-18 ln. Іші, interioribus
Intiorbas, Filamenta alba 4-5 poll. longe, antheris favis 6-9 lin. Tongia, polline luteo, Ovarium 1-1} poll. longum, cum

stylo ier declinato stamina vix super alata,

а

Japonia. China, Formosa, Insule Loocho

Var кам, Court, Spar, Mon. p. 14; Flore des Serres t, 288-4 (L. Jamazjuri, Sicbold & De Vricse, Tuinbow Flora, i. 319,

1). est forma major floribus longioribus

Var. Panis ef Lax (Hot) est forma canle et foribus а

producing small bulbils freely at the upper part and base of the stom. Stem

Leaves 20-40, scattered, bright green, Flowers hori

onal, usually solitary, but often 2-0 or 7, pure white, very swe tubular for

length, opening at the month bat not reflexed. Filaments whit Ovary and

Ming

min length, lightly declined. Capsule 14-2 inches long

and islands of China, being found

MHE Long-flowered White Lily is a native of many parts of the

lo in Japan, Leochoo, and Cochinchina, though perhaps not everywhere indigenous. It is also

found, as I am informed by Mn. Swixnor, on the island of Formosa; but this plant, of which I have mot

yet succeeded in getting living specimens, may be a distinct species, approaching in its very narrow leaves

h of its flowers the Philippine Lily

L. longi ndure a greater degree of heat

is much cultivated in China, Japan, and India, and seems

than any other species, but is at the same time perfectly hardy in this country. Introduced as long ago as

1819 by the Royal Horticultural Society, it soon became common in Europe, and шау now be had by the

housand at a very low price

No Шу can be more strongly recommended for greenhouse decoration than this; for, though in

of England it may be gi

some part own well out of doors, it is apt to be injured by spring frosts, and rarely

comes to perfection unless grown under glass.

The plant I have represented is the variety named Z. егініне by Covnrom, and is as much rarer

than the ordinary Г. longi) en in thi

um as it is superior to it. Though rarely

er

had it even finer, with no less than twenty flowers on three stems in a 7-inch pot

For this fine variety I have to thank Lany Raxsay of Cheltenham, who received it from Japan some

o, and has cultivated it with extraordinary succe

will be admitted by any one who has

at the Cheltenham flower

m her specimen plants with ten or twelve stems bearing from three to

m the stem and outside of the tube

y Mu. Imonruis, is also remarkable for the size and number

The variety called Takesima is dis

vished by a purplish ti

and another variety, named Wilson

s flowers,

М. Decnanras, in his * Observat

sur le genre Lis’ p. 37, thinks that the varieties егінін

and Takesina may be distinguished by the angle formed by the lower with the stem, as well as by the

relative put I have been unable to verify h

vations in this respect by my own experience

pon В.

lilies, howe

From Mn. Paix
have yellow fk nd

А form with white-margin

has never seen 1. Imgifarı

by the name of ^ Teppo-Yarl,” or Gun L

The seeds of this sp "uch more rapid in
and growth than x four years at mos

will be produ

LILIUM BULBIFERUM.

THE BULBIFEROUS LILY

L. ауага, Yo Park, Parad. 87, t. 2; Jaen, PL. Aust. t. 220; В 1018; Rel. Lil. 210 Garen
кап Linn. Jour. xi. p
te, Miller, Diet. no 4
1, pubescens, Bero. Kunth, Enum. iv. 20
Balbus ow idu, pen is acutis, Canis 9-L-pedalis, strictus, sulcatus, parpareo maculatus, sursum alb
nom. Folia q m S4 p medio 4-8 lin. Inta; superiora reducta, in
ili copie bulbi. мепегі. Pedicelli ram, breves, o macul
nes Perianthium 2. en m, splendide rubrum, кере fundo auratiao tinetum, segment
blongospathulatis, m 5 lin latis interioribus minos ungaiculatis quam in Z enr R
deers valde пада et p део semipolicai profunde oxcavato, marginibus pois. Е x
ntheris 3-1 ne rubro. Orarium 7-8 а. longum, lo duplo brevius, Capula 1 poll boroiden,
Hab. Grisoms. Tyrol, Styria. Bavaria, East Gothland tt!
Balb white, composed of thick b Stem 2-4 f rigid, coneplenoudy емо, and » purplish, el
tre, prominently §-T-nervd, bearing е upper part of the sem, singlo or clustered purplrgresn bul
13 on plant, » more numerous, forming an umbel ded raceme 1
he ata ich br wed into а distinct papillose claw with deep bas groove, hairy
Filaments and styl o said to be blunt 1 ы ex
viliferous Lily, though well known both to botanists and gardeners, is a p ather limited range in
the mountains of Central Europe, and is found, as far as Í can discover, only in the eastern can
of Switzerland, the Tyrol, and the lower Alps of Styria, Carinthia, Venetia, and Bavaria, Prom Ma. G. Maw
Г Benthall, I learn that the only localities where he has found it growing are Vols, in the Tyrol, and the Val di
Led wad of the Lago di Garda, where a very dark blood-red variety, rarely bulbiferous and nearly
glabrous, is found
Сирени, whose knowledge of the flora of Central Europe is unsurpassed, tells me he believes
Western Switzerland and the Maritime Alps, given by authors for this plant, really refer
у Сн. Guesa (in his “Flora of Switzerland,’ 2nd edition, 1874), who is, I belie
rity, gives only three localities for £. bulbiferun—Tarasp, Lii, and Fuldera, all of which are
n the С le Г. eroceum is said to be found in the cantons of Uri, Ticino, Valais, Neuchâtel, and St. Gal
The form ranges from about 1000 to 4000 fect elevation, and is usually found on the bo
among grass and bushes. Its supposed occurrence in a wild state in East Gothland is, I thin]
ме this Lily has b а for centuries, being well described a in Parkinson
Paradisus; and, though much more robust and larger than the wild plant, preserve iferous hi
brilliant с peculiar aspect by which it is distinguished from its nearest allies. Tn a state of nature the
` mall stem sometimes creeps underground, after the manner of Г. dawrieum, before comin
he surface; but in cultivation this habit is t. I have never been able to examine а perfect '
pla i be different in form from L eroceum and L. davuricum ; but | ble that an
imp райе, өше metimes p һе bulbs are picked of е given rise to this statement
The varieties of Г. bulbiferum are not numerous; and the parentage of som re supp
sprung from it is doubtful.
The L wn as Г. umbellatum, which i forifero this section (bearing as many ax f
ву pils, but flowers at the same time as Z. Jul o twe г

There is a curious little stunted plant, which 1 take to be Г. humile of Мила, occasionally ee
Nites Г. bulbiferum in its principal characters, though much smaller and, as far as my experience

1. pubescens, of Bannann, is another plant sometimes seen on the Conti rently a variety of
ин, from which it differs by being more pubescent. What is known as Г

{ the finest of Garden Lilies, and a most desirable plant, Tt is, р

and will be figured with one of the varieties of the latter эр

The cultivation of 1. bulbiferum is extremely simple, as it s
and is rapidly increased by the bulblts which, if planted in

ng the typical character

ie plant figured flowered in my garden in June 1875, and was selected as show

of the species better than one with a large number of flowers

E чә š = `

Das

с 99 => aaar
Каса

Т
М

ZEN

1

/
и
j
3

LILIUM HUMBOLDTL

HUMBOLDT'S LILY

I Henkoliti, Roca & Leicht, Duchartre, Obe. 105 (1870); Re

1. Moomerienem, Kell. Proc, Calif. Acad, vol. iv. pt. 4. p. 10,

L canadense, var. Hunt, Baker, Gard. Chron. 1871.

Bulbos magnus, 2-4 poll синод, horizonaliter elongatus, lateri superiori axeos insidens, e squamis distichis amplis latis

E longis obtuse acuminatis confatus, Caulis teres robustus, 4

зк урей, glaber vel puberulus, viridis rubello

жесіне Poll

етігіне regulariter verticillata, in verticillos 4-6-, 10-16-foliatos disposita, oblanceolate, inferior 4-6

poll longa, supra medium 9-12 lin. Iata, auto, fem, saturate vi

«di

atis Flores меро 6-10, interdum 30-40 in panealam de

2 policia

divaricatis арісе ceria, inferioribus 3-6 poll. longi, feli otlancecti vlde reductis

longum, splendi û viridescens, segmentis cutis medio 9-12 lin. atis, supra besin arte reflex

ad faciem punctis vinoso-purpureis magnis а fecha distincte excavat

ы decoro rope basini leviter papil

marginibus glabris. Filaments 14-2

cara, antheris rubris 6-8 На. Мои. Stylus 6-7 lin, longas, ovario eubtriplo

brerior Capoula choris, more 2. Harta

acute Gangulata.

Hab, California, montibus Sierra Nevada, 2500-3500 pedum altitudine (Rot et Ketuoao),

Var. oe x insula Santa Ron, est forma punctis оойм.

et, Kell. Proe. Calit. Acad. v. р. 88, IST

Balb very ore, purplish in e в она. of which is lateral and

deshy senlos arising from а busal axis, the

a glabrous or puberulous, spotted

чама Зина produced from the b

‚he new growth, 4-0 fot high

purplish. Leaves in whorls of 6-12, oblanceolate, 4-5 inches lor
Fi

9-12 lines broad, Served, sometimes ciliate on the

nerves beneath and waved at the e

wers 6-20, in an open panicle; pedicels uprig

pe

mg. Perian 3-4 inches long,

nded with w

aso yellow with purple spots, е

р
L. Мата

fnt Filaments lk ла 0-8 lines; pollen rel, Capsule obovoid, acutely angled like that of

TIS very Sme species of Lily was first discovered by Ма. B. Ново. on the centenary of Honors

birthday in 1869, in the Sierra-Nevada range in California, Не named it Lilium Humboldti for

his reason, and not, as has been wn

Лу stated, because it was found in Humboldt County. He sent a quantity
of bulbs to Mu. Laicurtix, who, with his usual

merosity, distributed them to many of the botanic and private

in Europe. He was himself the first in this, as in many other instances, to flower the plant in Et

rope

and though not so fine as it has been seen since, its beauty was at once recognized by all lovers of
Lilies, Large importations were made of this plant in 1872 and 1879, so that it has now become

Da. Boraxnen, in “The Garden” for Jan. 3, 1874, да

count of its native habitat

that 1 wil quote him verbatim —" This la

species has appa

tly a far less wide range than Z. Washing-

tonianum. It occurs mainly

ın the more elevated portions of the foot hills of the Sierras, from 2500 to
nearly 3500 feet altitude, evidently requiring a greater amount of heat to develop its fall beauty than

the others. ‘The soils in which its bulb is found are of a rather compact character, consist

of clay with

au admixture of broken rocks and a small portion of vegetable mould. Growing in open park-land, or land
Чу cleared off,

and therefore exposed to a dry and exsiccating air, we find its bulb also at ас

iderable

pth, ‘The ovoid bulb is very lar

and strongly built; its outer scales are largest, imbricated, lanceolate

«ту fleshy, well calculated to hold a large supply of moisture. A short time ago this

Mn. Hanronn on the Island of Santa Rosa, opposite Santa Barbara, As far as I

not yet been found on any part of the

t ranges. The plant from Santa-Rosa Island differs

but very slightly from that on the foot hills of the Sierras. Its leaves are of a brighter grech, acuminate; and

ts whorls are denser and more regular, while the leaves of plants from the Sierras are rather spathulate, and

The former is exposed to sea-breezes and fogs, the latter to a dry air. The bulbs

far Vetter with us at San Francisco than those

in Vax Hovrri's * Flore des Serres! vol. xix. t 1973, rep

The bulb of Lilium Humboldti is very remarkable, not only on account of its great size, but because of
Observations.

culiar shape and structure, which well described by Por. Duemarrz, in his
ore Lis,” p. 81. Like that of L unum, its scales do not spring from a central base, but from a
nding axi, which, growing outwards and downwards every year, throws up its stems always оп one

ide, and, decaying slowly on the op ide, forms by degrees an elongated mass, quite diferent from
the bulb of any OM-World Lily. Whether this peculiar structure is in any way influenced by its native soil

Пу two species which in any way resemble it in bulb

ifie slope of North America

and climate 1 cannot say; but itis curious tha

character, viz. I. Washingtonienum and 1. colembianun, are from the P

‘the colour of the young stem and leaves, like that of the bulb, is purplish, and the growth is very rapid

ots, and, perhaps owing to its lan

This species seems to succeed well in England, both out of doors and in

jes. Tt appears to like a peat

fers much less from importation than the majority of L »

imes much injured by cold winds or drought, the bulbs rarely decay

and solid bulb, s

„ Humboldti, 1 can say, as T shall have to say of many other Lilies,

With regard to the varieties of Lili
that if I had only seen a few of the most distinct, I should readily allow that they were worthy of names
and descriptions; but having seen and cultivated a large number, I cun see по limit by which to define them.

TI do not think that the variety named by Kautoca ocellatum, from Santa-Rosa Island, can

be treated as а distinct plant, though Mu. Rorzu. thinks that it is more Aoriferous than the others, pro

mon sort has no more than 20-25 and more usually only 8-15 ; but see

i many as 30-40 flowers, while the co
the remarks in Da. Kertoco’s pap

‘the size, colour, spots, and arrangement of 0
the stem; in others, as shown on the Plate, they droop at an angle of 45

sd th

stand out almost at right anglės а
size and form of individual Rowers also vary

in others the pedicels are inclined upward

considerably

have received it from various parts of California, from the Napa valley, and from as far south as Santa
Barbara; but Mn. Кокла, tels me that the Lily imported as a species from Mexico, and which proved to be a

variety of Humboldti, is really from San Blas

For the beautiful lated. variety, I have to thank my

friend Mn. Wnsox, in whose garden at Heatherbank it flowered in July 1876. The single flowers of other

pecimen here figured, which represents the

ЕЕ

bianum

3
olum

U

Lilium

LILIUM COLUMBIANUM.

TUR OREGON LILY

amum, Hanson in hort. Leichtlin. ; Baker, Lin. Journ. Bot. xiv. p
1. canadense, var. parciflorum, Hook. Flor. Dor-Am. i
adense, var. minus, Wood, Proc. Acad. Phil. 1868, p. И
ішіме ov vennis, albu эзем. C ber. Folin panen, in verti
latos disposita, super plats sss, Flores 2
calls gracilibas, 2-6 poll. Ка mia, foliis теше ats, Peri 4-2 pal
Yon mentis lanceolatis, medio 4-6 lin. parco la gab
n riamh or, antheris 2-3 lin. Jongin. Stylus ovarium vix Capsula
Hab. Oregon (Loro; Rorzs).. Cascade Mountains. Colombia Britannica (Lata; Dovana
Bull ovoid, perennial, composed of narrow, pointed, compressed sales, which apparently grow on one side only, as in Г. Humboldti
and Г. Washingtonianum. Stem h, green, glabrous. Leaves in whorls of 4-8, or scattered, oblanceolat

"ев Oregon Lily has been for some time in herbaria, and by most botanists considered a variety of

L. emadenee; but there can, I think, be no reasonable doubt that it is quite disti

net from that plant, and

from any other—not so much on account of its flowers as because of its bulb, which resembles that of no other

Americo

It is a native of the coast and interior of the State of Oregon, Washington ‘Territory, and British

Columbia, from about 40° to 50° N. latitude, and has been gathered by many explorers of those regions. I learn

0-1000 feet elevation,

rom Нена В. Кока. that it is found on dry sandy plains, and on the mountains up to 5
where the climate in winter is very severe, and where rattle-snakes were so abundant in autumn that it was a

It was first sent to Europe in 1872

т 1873 by Ma. Hasson of New York, who gave it the name of

columbianum, bec on the banks of the Columbia rivers and was described by Mn, Bar from

a plant which flowered in Henn Max 1ласитых'в garden in 1874

In referring the plant known as Г. canadense parriforun, Hook., to this species, I am guided by numer

specimens in the Herbarium at Kew, collected by Гуля, and Dovozas, the bulbs of which even in a dry state

ean be distinctly recognized botanist who had not seen the species in a living state could have separated
it specifically with any certainty, as the whole plant much resembles weak or starved varieties of L. pardalinum
1 L. canadense. The bulb, however, is not stoloniferous as in, those species, but has more affinity to that

L. Humboldti, of which the plant is perhaps a miniature northern r

In this country it proves perfectly hardy, and is easy to caltivate in the same so

L. perd

m. Tt varies considerably in the size and sh

f. the leaves (which are usually whorled,
pe of the

but sometimes seattered), and in the form and colour of the lowers; but out of a large number of bulbs which
were kindly sent me by MA. Haxsox, n presented difference from the type, which is well
shown in my plate. The plant here figured flowered in July 1875 at Mn. Bots nurseries in London; but as I

LILIUM SPECIOSUM.

TUR LANCELEAVED LILY

Lope
Tot. Mag

Thunberg, in Linn. Trans. ii. 8 + 2000; Za

+, Linn. Joum. xiv. 1874, p. 234.
1, superbum, Thunb. PL Jap. p. 134, non Linn

Za lancifolium, Mussche, Past. Mag. v. 207, non Hort et Thunb,

¡amis Janecolatis pellicom 1

mal

өлігіне petiolata, petilo ad caulem w

blongo-lanoeolata зема vl acuminata, nitido viridi inferiora 5-8 poll. longa, medio 15-18 а.

mdo glabro. Filamenta

to divergent, 24-4 poll. longa, anth mtis 0-12 lin. longis, pollino croceo vel ки

Ovarium 1 poll. longum: itus

Mob. Japonia, a Corea introducta (fide Kurse). China: pro. “Kiangi” (алек; Davro). De formis cultis vide int

Balb perennial, globose, twn or

ich brown, 2-4 inches in diameter, composed of thick lanceolate Stem 2-5 fet,

1-2 inches broad below the middle, bright green, glabrous distinctly v тік, rounded at th

Peduncles bractente; rigid, em š inches long the upper uns shorter. Perianth 3-5 inches long, th

the points much need,

nter divisions 12-21 line um

ier broader. Tho lower half of Ше corolla covered with mi

[HOUGH this plant is usually supp

«d to be a native of Japan, I learn from Pror. Maxımowicz

never found in that country except in gardens, and is said by the Japanese to come from the Corea, on
which account they call it “Noraijuri.” Corean Lily. Tnexmene says that the white form is from the Loo-choo
ehipelago ; but I do not think it is a native of those islands,

The only locality from which it has been recorded as an indigenous plant is Kiukiang, a town on the Yang:
tse-kiang river, in at. 29° 54 N., long. 116° E, whereit was discovered by Da. Наков. ‘The Anni Davin informs
me that he found it sparingly near the same town in valleys of moderate elevation; and the dried specimens in hi

herbarium, though much dwarfer and smaller-lowered than the cultivated plants, them perfectly

general character. It was first introduced by Vox Srenotn, who sent it to the Botanie Gardens of Ghent in 183

was described and figured in several of the botanical journal

So beautiful a plant was not long in beeomin

sate, has held its place in popular favour when Lilies were little cared for, and is now cultivated

des of H Belgium

forsale on a very large seale in the bul

OF its culture I need say little, having given a full description ment of Lilien owais
which is equally applicable to this species. Although its constitution is not so delicate, it is generally seen
to greatest perfection under glass, and has degenerated considerably in the climate of Holland, where it is treated
an outdoor plant. It is increased without difficulty by means of sets, and seeds, though the latter ar
rarely matured in the open ountr
The varieties of Е. speciosum are numerous, and have mostly origi Japan, as is proved by the nat

“ j

vod one, and

ary, 1 |

to distinguish them without difieulty. As, however, amore detailed description is nece

М. 3785=atrə sanguineum hor

no. 6 of Da. Mast T and original variety introduced
by Vox Sıenoun, and is superior to rity of those commonly grown. distinguished by th
ma by Ma. Wu are somewhat lo average, flower-bu
" юге per 4 evenly recurved, h distinct white margin on a bright n
pink ground, and v у coloured spots. Time of flowering rat » usual. ТЫ y is largely
м Knap-Hill Nursery, Woking, where it may be seen in perfection, and thrives in the peaty soil whieh
ts the R " w nursery is 4
1, specion Past, Mag. v. p. 61, is much like this, b омега are not so brightly, distinctly
: oloun > perfectly formed. It is probably a somewhat dete
T Past. Mag. v. t. 267; all Bot. M variety; pure whit
ote with delicat was introduced by Vox Sıenon at à is now commo
а. tale, Masters, lc, it (t Tuos е L. Broussorti ме Roy |
Brox. Feb. 1834), isa p flowered form with green stem and long, much relesed, wavy petals; no. Ве |
Da. Masta Tt was also introduced by Vox Sienos much superior to the common whit
5. Па к Duchartre, Baker, J. L. S. 1874, p. 234, is a w y, having the ba
һе segmen h gr ıt 1 am doubtfal whether it can be separated from th n.
ñ " |
| trum, no. 3 of Da, Masrins's table d. A бо

rubrum m hich T have had from Ме

LILIUM CANADENSE

THE CANADA LILY

Baker, Linn. Jour. xiv. p. 940.

g.1.800 et 868; Bury, Herand. 1.12; Flore des Serres, t. 1174: A. Gray, Man, p 6

La penduliforan, DC. in Red. Til. t. 105.

Т, pendulum, Spee, Men. В,

Balbus i glaber, teres, viridis. F

is obtusis aie. Caulis 14-4

е a, viridia, tenia, $-7-nervata, venis interdum ciliatis, Flores vel pauci umbellati, vel corymbosi, pice
? poll. longs apice valde cernis, interdum bracteolatis. Perianthium 2-2} poll. 1 е infundibu =
" laneeclatia 6-7 lin. lati, supra medium flats facio copiose vinoso punetatis, deorum lamellatis

lin. longer, stylo subercto panlo brevis Capoula torbinata, obtuse angulata, 1j poll. K se hand umbilicata

Heb, America borealis orientalis a Canada мі Georgiam.

Ball annually produced at the end of ong or short stolons, composed of thick, white ales, Stem 13-4 feet high, ere
en, terete, glabrous, Leaves oblanceolate, 5-T-rined, glabrous, usually in who 12, or in some cues saliero ot
ъ Flowers 1 in a whorl or corpmb, on pedicels 3-0 inches long, usally braeteolate. eran inches

ng, the divisions more or los spreading and recurved, varying from yellow to bright red, with numerous purplish sp
Filaments 14-1} inch long; anthers 4-8 lines: pollen crimson. Style straight, twice us long as the ovary. Capsule abou

° and has been in cultivation since the

FR Canada Lily perhaps the best-known of all the American spei

ime of Parkinson, who, in his delightful * Paradisus, or Garden of Pleasant Flowers, published two and
a half centuries ago, describes it under the name of Ги martagon canadense maculatum. It is one of the com
monest species all through the eastern states, from Canada to the mountains of Georgia, and e far west

the Missouri river, and probably at a higher latitude even furth to Mu, Hawson it is also found

n the Indian territory; but I have seen no specimens of the typical plant fro

tains or Pacifi
States, and T am inclined to think that it is replaced there by forms

Tt grows in grassy flat

and marshy places, but not in such wet ground as Г. superbum,

and is an extremely variable plant b Ib and flower. There are several well-marked varieti

which the following are m

st conspicuous. 1 canadense rubrum, figured in Bot. Mag. pl. 858, is usually a small

and few d plant, and is found, as Mn. Haxsox tells me, in dry meadows along the Hudson river
1, canadense arimas figured in my plate, fig. 3, a small plant, with the flowers of an Indian-yellow ground
lour, and the dirisio perianth not much reflexed; it is common in all the eastern States.

1, conadense superbum, бе, 1 on my Plate, is almost intermediate between the typical Za eanadense and

m, which, according to Pror. A. Gray, passes into

is a larger, more Aoriferous, and finer plant

perianth-sexments nt are much more reflexed,

but never, as far as I have seen, show the green patch at their b ^ disti dum. The bulbs
this variety (see fig. 1) are usually much larger and more compact than in Y believe, grow in wette
ground. Mw. Haxsos tells me he has found it at Green Bay, Wi and elsewhere. Та Ма, Maw's garden

very similar form whic

Ше, Ontario; and in the herbarium

antes at Paris is а specimen of this type from Cove Valley, Pennsylvania, with ped

The curious narro

petalled variety (fig. 2) is from Long Island, New York, where Ма. Has

itisab and its bulb, which I have shown in fig. 9, is also very different from the other, and more resembl
the bulbs of tbe typical form. I have no doubt many other well-marked varieties have been a е found

o not think they need ever be confused with Г. parrum or Г. eolunh OF the plant deseribed by Pror

Woon in the * Proceedings of the American A 166, as £. Walkeri, and considered by Mn. Вакка

= variety of Z. салдық, Í know n take it to be a form of L. p which, though
der 1 ase by the same author 1 have shown in a recent number of this work,

LILIUM AURATUM.

TUR GOLDEN-RAYED LILY

L Lindl. Gard. Chron, 1808, 644; Hook. Bot. Mag, t. 5335; Flore des Serres t 1528- Hort ix. к

Hort 187, t. 371 ; Miquel, Ann. Mos iii. 156; Baker, Linn, Joum. xiv. p. 2

1. Ранен, Mag. Hort. Ang. 186

э, 2-4 poll, Ita, brunneus vel fuso-brunnens, sq

pelali viridis vel purpureo tinctus, gracilis, teres glaber. Poli 20-10

Tat, interioribus latioribus, abi, medio epi 1
marginibus glabris, F

Heb, Japonia in collibus apricis 9 Forme adeunt foribus rubro-rittatis, бойым albis Көршің ot plurimae varietat

Bulb large a globoan or fattened, e pred "
delexed, the large 6-0 inches long, 0-15 1i those of Za реон in o A textur
bat usally narrower, with 5 пета the base to a short distinct petiole, narrow
=a sa 30 to en: № йу erecto putent, bracteolata, 3-4 inches long. _ Perianth

le middle. The colour is, in the ordinary form, white, with a distinct central band of yellow, and numerous pink

x em m e varieties with a pink or ed з bond, and others with а very pale lemon band,

bos me puis vii ver part of the perianth-tegments covered with papille, and a green keel or midrib at the
ck. Flower when expanded 8-13 inches acros, strongly and pleasantly scented, Fila е kopi sai

1 inch; pollen scale or hocolatored; ovary 12-10 inches long; style 3-4} inches. Capsule 2-3 ine почти
apex yellowish brown

a greater sensation in England than almost any

Ju arrival of this splendid plant from Japan probably erae

introduction of recent years, and has perhaps done more to attract the attenti o this long.

neglected but beautiful genus than any thing else. "Though Г. speciosum is considered by some to be the queen of

1

Lili give my preference to aurafun, a thriving plant of which is, to my eye, the most beautiful floral

Though one of the commonest wild flowers in many parts of Japan, the golden-rayed Lily was not intro-

duced (and was indeed hardly spoken of) in Europe until the year 1860 or 1861, when it was first sent over

attempt made to introduce it

Vox Sinnou had sent it as fi 1829 to the Botanie Garden at Glen of these plants, however

t of Yokohama to Eur

arrived alive; so that until the opening of

In 1861, however, it was introduced by no less than four different persons. Dx. Vow Sisson sent it agai

Ma, G

н Daxua sent it to America, wi m

Belgium under the name of 1. speciosum imperia

y in July 1862, and named Zilium Desteri by Ma

Hovey. Mu, R. Forrest and the late Mn. Joux босі» Verrem, both of whom were travelling in the E

arch of plants, were not long in getting hold of this one; and a good number were desp Londos, w
they arrived in fair condition, Messus. Verrci and Soxs, of Chelsea, knowing their val t nearly
hat were offered for sale, and exhibited the first flowers that we 1862, whe T

Dn. Laxoray Lilium auratum

king, bad cultivati

Since then millions of bulbs h imported; and though the loss from care
and the natural delicacy of the plant has been something terrible, there is hardly a garden mal, whi
this plant is not grown and valued. In its own country it is abundant, growing almost by acres in some of t

hama". It is called Yama-Jur, or Hill-Lily, by the Japanese

woods, and in а light moist soil on the hills near Y
sorters in Japan

reat lovers of Lilies, do not, according to Mn. Knawen, one of the principal exp

ama and other places about the end of October m great

"The bulbs are collected from the environs of Y

js wet, the bulbs not properly

quantities, and packed in b

ripened, or the cases exposed to much heat on the voya „the majority arrive rotten; and
pen

Y grieve to say that hundreds of cases are lost almost every year from one or oth

arrive in England almost

rered, by which the bull

fresh as when they were taken wp. Many thousands have been sold at Миз. Sravaws's rooms during recent

t a price so low that there can hardly be much profit to the exp

winters in splendid order, and
and kept them fim in

they were packed in yellowish earth, which filled up the space between the bul

rand it, and, by keeping

the box; but now each bulb is enclosed separately in a ball of mud or clay, which harden

air, preserves it in а perfectly firm and fresh state

Still there is something in the constitution of this plant which seems to make it very liable to decay and

d would hardly be believed. In a dry

death; and the number of bulbs that perish annually in Engl

Tike 1874 they sometimes go off quite suddenly, the leaves вен falling, and the stem and flower-buds withering

without any apparent cause. Out of a batch of 20 or 30 plants perhaps only 3 or 4 will remain alive two years

improving and incre

till they produce
два

after their arrival in England; but these, if well managed, wi

magnificent specimens, The cause of this disease does not seem to be yet fally un

gardeners have suffered from it; and though in some favoured spots the Golden-rayed Lily will probably live and

“n to find the soil and climate of England generally congenial to it. About its

rive permanently, it does not
hardiness, however, there is not a doubt; and as there is по difficulty in raising it in large quantities from seeds oF

scales, Ido not think we are likely to run short of it even if the annual supplies from Japan should fail.

With pr ation Y believe the Golden-rayed Lily ean be grown to greater perfection in

+ treatment and a

pots than in the open ground; and though this is of course the most troublesome method, yet the plant ко

well suited to the decoration of conservatories and halls that it is the one chosen by most people

"The treatment that T have found by experience the mo lows :— On receipt of the bulbs,

which Fon ones being in most eases to be preferred to imported

), they sh
must be well drained, and filled about half-full of a mis

hould be purchased early in the winter Chom

y in pots from 5 to 8 inches in diameter, according to their size. The pots

be potted

are of loose fibrous peat and soft yellow loam, well mixed

with с

se silver sand. ‘The bulb should then be put im and covered with the same compost to within 1 or 2
a

ır straw. In from two to

inches of the rim. The pots should then be plunged in ashes, cocoanut-fibre, or some similar substance, in a со

frame, orchid-house, or shed where the frost cannot enter, and covered up with leaves

three months they will begin to shoot, Id then be uncovered, and placed in a light aud airy place, not too

much exposed to the direct rays of the sun. Water must be give

“advanced copious supplies are necessary; and the soil from fi d to get hot or dry

to the you

jes, must be carefully

Aphides, which are very fond of and injuri foe anid

destroyed, or they will injure the lowers. As the stem begins to throw out roots a good surface-dressi

sionally

peat must be put on; and very weak liquid manure may be o

iven, if the plants are well ro

wing freely ; otherwise it does harm; and it must never be used too freely

During the season the plants should be kept in a cool greenhouse,

а well syringed at

sr may be plunged out of doors in a sheltered

4 half-shaded position, where they will bloom later. If they

g, they may be shifted into larger pots without injury about May or June; and when once bulb

are well rooted

iy thrive better in large pots than in small ones as the soil is kept in a more regular state of moisture

Tf, bowerer,a number of imported bulbs are potted together in one pot, they will probably flower at diferent times,

and so spoil the effect

The greatest success is usually obtained with bulbs that have been

pwn two or three years in Englan

and these frequently

a height of 6 to 7 fect, and pr

пес as many as 20 to 30 or even more flowers on a

single stem. They vary much in size and colour,

well as in habit—some plants bearing flowers only at the top
of the stem, and others nearly halfway down it.

After bl

pots must by no means be ne

ted or allowed to become dry, as they so often are

n the roots being activo for as long a period as

only to be ensured Dy careful watering. If they are repotted annually, which is the practice of

many growers, it should be done as soon as the stems have completely withered, and with as little disturbance to

possible, The stem, however, should always be

sut off close to the bulb, removing with it the mass
s, which, having fulfilled their function of nourishing it during the growing:

son, arenow useless, A fresh

being put in, the pots should be returned to their winter quarters, and kept in a state of gentle

зге, neither dry nor wet, until the new growth again appears.

As

gards the conditions under which this plant succeeds best out of doors I cannot do better th
ту readers to an account of the garden of James М1хт
published in the ‘Gardeners? Chronicle

refer

да, at Oatlands Park, Weybridge, which was

The extraordinary success w

ich has been o

tained here is in my experience unequalled, and is, T think, due

principally to the soil and situation of Ма. M’Irosu’s garden, which slopes gently to the north, and is well

sheltered by trees from wind. "The soil is very light, but always moist below; and the Lilies are ай planted on the
edges of rh

odendron-beds, where they are protected from spring frosts and the soil is sheltered from the sun.

Here they attain a height of 6 to 12 foet, bearing co

st various times from July till the end of October

e middle of August being the time when they are usually seen
in the greatest perfection

Lilium auratum ripens seed

ely under favourable conditions, and may be propagi

ted in this manner with
moderate care, though the seed

» lies for more than a year before germinating. I have not yet been able to

ascertain the reason why seeds ripened and sown at the same time vary so remarkably in the period of germination.

A few usually come up in the first season, and the maj

rity in the second; but ie dormant for as much a

thirty months

The plant which I have

ured is by по means so fine as is often seen, either in the nu

of its flowers; but a Plate of dou

this size would not contain a really large specimen.
The variations are so numerous that hardly two plants in fifty will be exactly alike; but no striking depar
ture from the typical form exists

‘The plant known as Г. rubroittatun is an extremely scarce and beautiful variety, which I hope to figure
a futuro Plate. It has the yellow band replaced on the upper part of the petal by more or less deep red, in rare

4 appearing; much more frequently, however, the red tint is pale, and fades after Ше

flower has been out a few days

A somewhat similar and even more beautiful variety was figured in the ‘Floral Magazine” for November
1876, under the name

1. auratum cruentum, differing from the last in the crimson band, which in the centre is

Atremely dark, being cont the very base of the petal

LILIUM ELEGAN

THUNDERGS LILY

1. elegans, Ton. Mém. Acad St-Péterb tik. 203, tab. 3. б. 2, 1811; Raker, Journ. Linn, Soc. xiv. p 2
L. bulbiferum, Tha Trana.
1, plladlphicam, Thunb. Fl. Yap

1, Thanbergianam, Schultes fl. Syst. Veg vii. 415: Lindl Bot Rog. S; Mound, Bot. t. 158; Шөкі, Garten 157:
Baker, Gard. Chron. 1871 ; Duchartre, Obs 12.
L. өемен, Past. Mag. vii. 127.
ігі et 1 стей simi тенш vi

min Za d

1 poll. longum, stylo triente тим. Сарай acute angulata, dimidio longior quam Jata. Forma

Heb. Japonia.

Ball white, resembling tho A 1. bullifero, bat smaller. Stem 8 inch 4% igh; erect, rigid, эшем
"ау doth so much asin bla. Leaves very varied, boh in number, size, a

seribed under the name of Г. elegans is one that has been long cultivated and well

rum нан wich is here d

known by the name

1. Thunbergianum ; bat as, in Mu. Baxen’s opinion, the description and plate

ublished by Texa of L. elegans, as well as the type specimens in his herbarium, can be referred with certainty
P pe sp
to this species, the laws of scientific nomenclature compel the change. 1 do this with the less regret, as the
name of E. Thanbergizmon is a stumbling-block to many, and the distinguished Swede who bore this name has had
зо many other Japanese plants named after him that there is no fear of his researches being forgotten

plant was treated by Mn. Вакка in his first review of the genus С Gardeners” Chronicle; 1871) as a

of L. bulbiferum; and this opinion, though modified afterwards, is well worthy of attention from

the fact that Тисивкко himself was not sure of the specific distinctness of his plant, and also b

wild varieties found in Japan can hardly be distinguished from the European Z. bulbiferum except by th

of axillary bullet however, it has developed so many varieties very distinct ín appearance from

L. bulbiferum or Г. croceun, and is so widely separated in its from either of them, I think that

it is much better to

for all practical purpo

Lilium elegans was first made known in Europe by Tuuxnrno, in a paper published in the * Memoir
f the St-Petersburg Academy of Sciences in 1811, called “Examen Liliorum but it w
not introduced until 1831 or 1852, when Vox Stznot sent it to иһ L. spei

Being an extremely variable plant both in form and colour, and one tha livated in
Japan, a host of varieties have been imported from time to time, and have by several
botanists as distinct species, As, however, no good characters can be found to dist them, and many

of the garden names have been applied without description to the same or different varieties, I shall onl

Lilies cultivated in the gardens of England and th

Con with mu o thank Ma. Wiisos, Ma. J. Н. Кизглок, of Haarlem, and
In. P. Bann, of Kin Garden, for the facilities they have given me in visiting and examining th
tions; but though the paper by Musas Baxen and Dyer im the * Gardener
a 1873, p. 1306 Jon a study of Ma. Вама collection, names and describes а good many of
m, Lam un ow it in all respects. The fact is, that the Japanese Orange Lilies have been crossed
tensively with the European ones; and it is therefore impossible to refer many of the garden forms to either
Р One thing, however, I think probable is, that the fo wn under the name of Г. даси hav
with one except o do with the true Z. daruricum of Siberia (which has a very different bulb), bu
re more likely hybrids beween L. elegans and L n
The varieties of L. elegans 1 think y of notice are as follows
1. La elegans, as figured in the “Bota gister,” vol. xxv. t. 38. 1-2 feet in height, with broad leaves,
downy stem, and unspotted flowers of a deep reddish orange. This may be considered the type of

2. L. elegans, var Moore, Floral ne, t 104. Under a foot high. Stem glabrous, lea.
crowded; flowers scarlet towards the edge, orange in the middle of the petals, with few spots

3. L. elegans, var. alutaceum, Baker and Dyer (1. Thunbergianum aureum nigro-maculatum, Flore des Serre
+ 1627, and grown under this name in the Dutch and Belgian gardens). "The dwarfes form of all,
under a foot high, with two or three, large, apricot-coloured flowers freely spotted with black, А most

+ Le elegans, o. Wilson). Resembles the last in colour, but brighter, with fewer
pots an ably taller. A very pretty variety, which 1 have only seen in Mr. Wibon's garden,
5. L. elegans, var. sanguineum, Lindl, Bot. Reg. 32, t. 50 (hliulatum hort). A fine, darkred variety
modera with open segments of a deep red colour, moderately spotted, but not so dark

6. Г. elegana, ar. alrosenguincu, Baker and Dyer CL. kematochrowm, Lem. Ш. Hort. t. 508.
к Ам. Roozen and Krelnge). A taller form, with very dark crim
narrow petals and black spot

*L ar. cenustum, Kunth, Enum. iv. 965; Flore des Serres, t. 657 (= fulgens,

p. 29); Lem. I. Hort t. 422. The latest variety of all, coming into flower a fort

owers, which are clear red with

S. L. elegans, var. pardinun, Moore, Flor. & Pom. 1868, p. 121 (L. Wilsoni hort). This variety differ
P p

from all others in its habit and general appearance, as well as in its ere tem, which г
that of L. Пеи. It is quite posible that this may be а hybrid between 4. elegans
other species; but in the absence of any information on the subject, I prefer to leave it
species for the preset
There is also a monstrous form, I fulgens, var. steminosum, Lem. HL Hort. t. 422, in which the
aments are changed into imperfect petals ; but it has no beauty to recommend it.
I am indebted to Pror. Maximowiez, of St. Petersburg, for the following Notes on L. elegans as
observed by him in Japan. “It is very near Z. davuriews, whose capsule it has, but seems to dif е
wer wing of its seeds, broader leaves, (in the spontaneous, and often also in the cultivated plant) in
е flower, which is red throughout, and not yellow at the base as in Г. dauricum, and im the less-
pubescence; but the principal difference is the solid bulb. I have this species wild, only from the north
Nippon, from tw s, where it seems to grow in clayey soil; but it is cultivated in many varieti
throughout Japan. The wild plant is a span high, the Mower red, with dark spots. The cultivated one
The Japanese distinguish also a spring and a summer form. The former, with narrower leaves and

a more open flower, they call * Haru-sukashi-yuri and the latter, with broader leav

and narrower flowers
„Natsu-sukashi-uri 1 have not seen this second form.

L. bulbiferum, L wi

which Г. elegans was often confounded, differs remarkably in

its elongated caps
which is deeply umbilicate at the apex, and sometimes (not always) by its axillary bulb,

L. dahuricum, Gawl., is also found abundantly on the island of Yeso,

ut Hakodadi, where it grows
and on borders of fir-woods. It is possible that so
E. elegans have been bred in Japan between this s

ie of the varieties of

cies and Г. deruricun, in the same way that they have
iem and I. bulbiferum.” There

appeared in Europe between Г. de is reason to suppose that a Lily of this

type is found in a wild state in the north of China en no dried or livi

but having

indigenous specimens
from that country, I cannot be sure to which species i

baloni

‘The cultivation of Г. elegans and its varieties is easy: it requires nothing more than а good rich sandy

зой, well drained, but not t

hallow; and th

rows well in a peaty soil, it is not neces

ır this as for some Lilies. In pots it al

grows wel if properly attended to, and produces seed which germin

quickly, and y
plants in the

ows more rapid

than in the case of the Martagon, though great care must be taken of the young

My first Plate represents three varieties ; on the left hand is Z

елша ; in the centre, Г. alutaceum; and
on the right, Г. atrosenguincum,—all of which were drawn from plants which flowered in my garden in 1876

‘The second Plate represents the variety Alice Wilson on the right,—on the left the variety Г. incomparable,

which I believe to be a hybrid between L. elegans and Г. du

ели: on that account I have not mentioned it
among the varieties of this species, though for garden-purposes it is one of the best forms which are commonly

T

= AS A en “те

ae ee“

ARA

LILIUM CORDIFOLIUM.

THE HEARTLEAVED LILY,

1, яйып, Thunb. in Linn. Trans. ti. 832; Sic, et

Flor, Јар. vol i p. 33, th 13,14; Miquel, Ann, Mus. Парӣ, Ва

Jap. vol р. 725 Baker, Linn, Journ. xiv. p.

similis sed minor, squamis paucis crs Сий pode info mudo, follis pem in roman

ie. Folia peimondiaia ovata, profunde conata, longe petiolata, nitide viridia, venis sanguineo веба Racemus 4-10-

us, vix pedalis, expansus 9-14 poll, latas, pediecllis floriferis patentibus, 3-8 lin. longis, bracteis ovatis кешін ende

Perianthium anguste infumdibuliforme, 4-6 poll. longum, tabo e basi 3-1 lin. ad collum 12-15 а. latum sensim ampl

mentis с basi quadrantis superioris 6-0 lin. Iata ad basin angustatis, Stamina perianthio triente breviora, antheris I
4-0 lin. longis. Capsala ei Z. gigantai similis sed minor

Japon et Кеңінен in sylvis umbrosis, ай. 400-000 podes (Otomasi, Maxon}; Казаа, China (A. Dano

t Montibus prope Hankow (Ramar). Ningpo (Fone

e Stem 9-5 fet high, not clothed

ter as that of Г. gigantem, but

with a broad ña nearly a f prominently cordate, roundish or orate, the чени tinged with

Jate, falling b mi P " he silente o a
with green towards the base; segments obtuse, oblanceolate falately ln their upper Bal, narrowed с
the tase, the thn atthe base, and spotted with purplish, without any papilla or distinct gro

distinct keel, which (see Sieb, and Zucc.) gie И а triangular appearance distinct fon that of any other Шу

forming with it a

t here figured is very nearly allied to the Himalayan Г. giganteum,

"Тен me and ew

distinct section of the genus, named by Вкриснж. Cardiserinm. Mn. Barun at one time considered it

єт examination of living plants altered his opinion, and allowed

а subspecies of Г. giganteum, but on fan

ef distinctness in his revision of the genus. Pnorneson Duonanraz also, in his admirable and minute

rowth of Lilies from seed (see “Journal de la Societé Centrale d'Horticulture de France

Ind ser, viii., 1874, pp. 504-581). has proved that this

ant may be distinguished with certainty from Z. giganteum

‘The form and position of the leaves, the shape of the flowers, stamens, and capsule are all very different

xe of the Himalayan species; and though I shall not be surprised if intermediate forms be discovered in

we have every reason for treating the plant as a distinct species. It was originally discovered in Japan by

Тиокнено, who at first called it a Hemerocallis, and has since been found by several other botanists, not only in

Japan, but also, as I am inclined to believe, in Chin

100, near Hakodadi, in the island of Yeso, and in other

1 am informed by Mx.

In Japan it grow

tainous districts north of Ye

st luvuriantly in deep,

Pror. Maxısowiez also found it in the same localities, and tells me that it grow

shady woods, where the bulbs are buried nearly a foot deep in a light Ней soil, and do not

t seem to be as some Lilies, and is scattered

mew. Te does n

surface, as in the case of 1.

rough the wood

Ma. R.
Wanderings in China’). 1

In China it was found by the Ann Davi» on the Lushan Mountains, near Kiu-klang, and al

Fouruxe near the temple of Tien-tung, about 20 miles from Ning

am not certain that these plants are identical with the Japanese variety which is here figured. Indeed, from a

drawing sent me by Lavy Rausar, which represents a plant found by Mn. Rasa near Hankow, I am inclined

differs considerably from the Japanese; but as the existing material is not sufficien

to think that the Chinese p

Tt seems that this Lily was first introduced from China al
bulbs to Ma. None, of Bagshot, with whom t ed. Th

though it has been raised f by Henn Max Lerenrurs in some quanti

in small numbers, Í do not think it will ever become as popular a plant in ou
being apparently of a more delicate constitution and much inferior in beauty

There was some correspondence on. this Lily in the ‘Gardeners’ Chronicle” for 1877, which
tends to show that the variety fist intr Ma. Fonruxe, and which, as I have said, probably came

There i

from China, was talle, more floriferous, and otherwise finer than those now in cultivatie

derable difference in the arrangement of the leaves, which are not always arranged in a regular whorl, but are
sometimes scattered.

< its leaves very early in the spring, and they are much injured by frost, it is desirable

As this plat p

to protect them with a hand-light ; and care must be taken that the beautiful bronzed foliage is not injured by sun

and wind.

Though it has been successfully grown by Henn асты», M. Каклок, and others, I have never myself

been fortunate enough to flower the plant, aud am indebted to Six Joseru Hook for permission to figure one

which flowered in the Royal Gardens at Kew in July 1877

ark, Wey

The capsule, which is the only one I have seen, was grown by Ma. Macxtyrosn, of Oatlands

cds, and shows the peculiar sh

bride very

fairy

and though probably not fully developed, contained a few

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LILIUM WASHINGTONIANUM.

THE WASHINGTON LILY

р nnn, Kell, Proc Calif. Acad, 18, 1868; Wood, Proc. Acad. Phil. 1868, 1 Chron, 1871
and Journ, Linn, Soc. xiv. p. 2025 Regel, Garten 0; Duchartre, Obs, 99; Flore d 15
Balis ооа» alban, wutabisousntosus, quami parvalis Loola Сыйы 2-6: jue ва
аба пони Folin in verticis 6-12-liatis disposita, vl superior spar, oblanceolata, patentia, sonia,
m ium 8-12 lin. lala, acuta, viridis, e metio ad basin sensim angustata, тепаа lateralibus ob
udi 1 12-30-Aoras expansus 8-9 poll. tos, pedicellis ascendentibus, inferioribus 2-4 рой, 1

mentis ante,

8-8 lin. ti, s basin sensim angustatis, ore expamo tiene vel quadrante superior fala. Stamina perianthio quadran

Hak. Cal

Bulb obligue
A

А of long, narrow, whitish. scales attached at thelr bare to a h

sometimes scattered on the upper part of the tem. Flower to 30, in a raceme reaching а foot lng. Рейна ascendi

2-4 inches long, with a lanceolate bract at the buse ofeach. Perianth white or ilac, more or les tinge

moi papilio. Ovary 8-0 lines long:

style 19-3 inches, curved towards the top, slightly exceeding the laments; anthers yellow,
bling that of J, Hundt

4 lines long. Сара

"ен Washing
a dried specimen and figure of the plant at a meeting of the C

Lily was probably first brought to notice by Da. Kerzoca, of San Francisco, who exhibited,

fornian Academy of Sciences in 1854. Tt

had previously been found by Jerre, who sent specimens to the Kew Herbarium, gathered in 18;

The plant

however, was not described till 1803, when Da. Калса gave it the name of Lilium Washingtoniamum; and it was

jin described by Pror. A. Woon under the same name in 1865.

N

well-known botanical traveller, having been put on the scent by Henn Max Глиснтых, of Baden, sent him a

not introduced into our

withstanding its beauty, this plant wa irdens until recently, when Кока, the

consignment of bulbs from California, which arrived in 1869, Shortly after this it flowered in Mn. Letewn.is’s

garden, and was figured by Da. Rect in the ° Gartentora, and also in Ma. Vax Hovrrr's ° Flore des Serres
In 1871 and 1872 large quantities were collected by Ma. Rorzz and sent to Europe, which have now found their

ff most amateurs and nurserymen,

way into the hands

Tho

beauty, there is no doubt that the better varieties, when well established, will rank among the finest

berto quite realized in gardens the high expectations that were formed of its

this plant has not h

In considering the best means of attaining this object we must first describe the soil and climate of its

native habitat

Da. Калово says in the ‘Garden,’ January 3, 1874 :=" It occurs in the Cuyumaca Mountain in San Die

county (ts most southern known limit at present), northward along the western slope of the Sierra Nevada

between 3800 вый 6000 feet elevation, in Oregon to the Coluinbia river, and on the coast-ranges north of San

alites named it occurs
ii. At

ties, In all the lo

¡ino and Humboldt e

ally in the eastern parts of Men

having a porous loose вой resting on a gravelly sub

tly shaded slopes of ridge

no time have I met with a plant of this species in a soil of which the drainage was not perfect, or which when

оп a slope, did not face to some point between cast and south. The pale, loosely-scaled, ov

flowers on a single stem, vary

20 inches. The height of the stem, the number of whorls and

ge of the bulb, Much has

depth of 12 to

ut the dificulty of cultivating

very much according to soil, postion, and been к

his beautiful species. 1 willingly confess that I have also met with many reverses until I paid proper atte

stats, If the bulb be planted at a depth of from В to 12 inches in a loose, somewhat gravelly

to its habits and М

dificulty in obtaining satisfactory results. Although there is positively

е between the bulbs and plants collected either on the Sierras or on the coast-ranges yet I found

pecie diffen

would always bloom more readily in San Franc
know if the same holds

that bulbs from the coast-ran

from the Sierras. ‘The reason is obvious; but it would be interes

Two things are evident from this account, viz. that the bulbs must be kept out of reach of the frost

heat of California be

h in summer and winter is (except at high

ater than that of England, yet th ling over the bulb would effectually

elevations) mu

h would be unnecessary in Europe; but

event it from ever becoming eher too hot or to eat a dep

Шу be most carefully attended to, as the rainfall and

dampness of our climate is greater than at San Fran

or many years has cultivated Lilies with great success,

Lam indebted to Ma. Haxsox, of New York, w
for the following ec. Washingtonian is found in almost every county in California and
пъ The best va

metimes pure white, but generally spotted with purple, and occasionally with a yellow band

Ay that I have seen is from Jacksonville, Oregon, which had the bulbs and flowers very

e soil in

large
this part of the country is very rich, cool, and well-drained, which perhaps accounts for the laxuriance of the plant

1 once received from Mn. Воглови, of San Francisco, three bulbs of L. Washingtonian, the flowers of which

were upright and trampetshaped, with the seent of a cowslip. It one spike 21 flowers. There is a

on the banks of Eel River, California, which has flowers of a light purple. АП the

leudid variety, growing

varieties thrive in a deep, rich, loose soil and dry b and are much averse to frost. They grow best in

a frame filled with leave ег. "This way of protecting them will make the

grow all the winter; but if the roots once rot, the bulb will also perish, I think the plant is well worth all the
it is worthless."

trouble expended on it, though for common gardeni

very peculiar, though under cultivation it partly loses its cha

that

"The structure of the bulb in this

EL. Humboldti resembles it in some

racteristies, It is quite unlike the bulb of any other species, tho

ho of a dirty white

м» of a horizontal rhizome, covered on both sides by a quantity of fleshy seal

These scales are about 2-3 inches long, by half an inch wide, pointed at the top, and convex outside.

Their bases are attached to the rhizome in such a way that those on each side face each other, and are rather

oping than vertical. The growth of new scales, instead of taking place in the heart of the bulb, as usual, is at

ic end only; and the scales gradually decay at the other end, so that the Hower-stem is thro

вар from one end

The roots proceed from the base of the bulb, gradually dying away as new ones are

formed under the advancing rhizome. The growth of 4 or 5 years, however, is visible in a large bulb, which will

measure 5 oF 6 inches in length by 2 or 3 in depth, and has

The variety of this plant which has been described by Ma. Bax as var. purpureum differs from the plant

which 1 have figured, in the nearly erect position of its б her respects from the

typical variety. Pror. Senso Warsox, of Harvard, propos

to separate it specifically under the name of

od reasons for d however, I should be unable t

L rubescens, and has doubtless some

say to w

species some of the plants I have seen ought to be referred, I pr will

atk

өгей in the

‘The plant bere figured f

len of Mns. Ваткмак at South Kensington, in July, 1877 ; and

Indy, who cultivates Lilies in what would seem a mo

for permission to figure it Iam indebted t

unsuitable

on, with as much ardour and suco husband Ma. J. Ватамах, PAS, formerly showed in the

cultivation of orchids.

The single lower represents the colour of the ordinary variety, which is much inferior in beauty to the one

here figured.

LILIUM WALLICHIANUM.

WALLICHS LILY

1. Wallichiawan, Sehultes Бі. Syst. vi. 1689; Wal. Cu

16; Hook. Bot, Mag. t. 4561; Шай, & Past Flow. Gand, 18

120, eum icone; Lemaire, Jarl-Fleur t. 105, 105; Flore des Sorres, t. 612; Bakor, Journ, Lin, Soc, xir, p. 2

I japonicum, D. Don, Prodr. Nep. 52, non Thunb,

Za logiforum, Wal. Тем. PL. Nep. 40, t. 29, non Thunb,

a MSS.

Mi Gan, aqux

is albis, acutis, marginibus анода. Caulis 4-6-pedlis virilis, strictus, teres, gl

vata, 5-9 poll. longa, 6-9 lin. lata, superiora breviora, latiora, sepe Generate. Flore

alos Perianthium album, extus basi viridalum, 7-9 poll longum, segmentis inferior

pol longum.

Л, breviora; antheris utis, 12-14 lin. longis. Ovarium 1,

Hab, Regio suttemperata Himalaya centralis et occidentalis а Kum

Кері, elev. 4000-0000 pedum,

Losses numerous, often very crowded, lanceolate

Stem erect 4-0 inarlaneolate, glab

veined, Flowers terminal, drooping solitary, or two or three from the өш

oint, in which еме Ше four or five upper lea

те. Periantlisegments 8-10 inches I

broadly ovate, laneeolate, and spreading abore, the low.

dam. Flower fragrant, delicate, amy white, tinted green or yellowish o

part extended into a K

А long; pollen yellow. Style longer than stamens:

stigma large, cap

originally diseove

а by Brenaxax Намилом in Nepal in 1802, and was sent to Europe

[us ne лу

under the native name of Batima. Warten next found it on Sheopore, a hig!

ar Kathmandu,

in 1820. He publi
N
by Mason Марон in 1849, and was figured in the * Botanical M.

А а figure and description of it under the name of Г. longiforum in the “Tentamen Flora

from which Senis was led to consider it a distinct species, It was introduced in a living state

on's ‘Howe

zine” and Lindley and Pa

Garden” in the following year. Da. Lıxpuey says;— We received it last year from Ma. D. Moone, the skilful

curator of the Do s from Almorah b)

wie Garden at Glasnevin, to which it had been sent with many other pl

Mason Mawes. ‘The bulbs arrived in April; and on the 10th August the plants were 4 feet high."

The root figured in the “Botanical Magazine” is so very unlike the bulb of this Lily, that I supposed it to
have been inserted by mistake; but Da. Wauticu, from whose plate in the “Tentamen

‘ays :—'“The base of the stem I have repeatedly found

е root was copied,

izontal, ereeping, and seal, like that of а fern, wit

any remainder of a bulb, but marked with a number of ves

This peculiarity, which I can hardly doubt when we have it on such good autho

у as that of Da. Waruicn,

+ as far as I know, not been observed in any other species of Lily, or by any other writer. ‘The bulbs which I

have examined are quite of the same type as those of other oriental Lilies; they may, however, be easily distin

guished from any other by the scarions edges of the scales, which are closely pressed together, and pointed at the

‘The best account we have of the native country of this Lily is gi
1874

en in a letter from a correspondent of

Ma. Bann’s, printed in the ‘Garden’ for January 2

Writing from Masuri he says :—“Z. Wallichianem flowers in August or September, more usually the latter

at an elevation of 6500 feet on the open

Tt is a hardy plant, and here defies both heat and cold. I find it growin

grassy hills, on a slope of 45°, not in the shelter of the forest, in a soil full of limestone pebbles, the matrix com-

v of the hillside it is thoroughly free fro

table mould. On account of the steep

posed of lime, clay, and w

surplus water, the temperature of the summer sun being from 120° to 130. From end of September

nd is o

(which is our rainy season) it grows in a perfect del

Е radually dies down in a ure by day, with hoar

mber to December i ine warm tempera

November. Little rain falls during these months, Sometimes there is but little snow in winter, with hard frost

it deep; but this is unusual. The bulbs lie at from 6 to 9 inches depth, and are

at other times the snow lies
uninjured. The plant seldom or never produces seed, but is propag

the flowering plants are surrounded by numerous young ones

ated by suckers or by bulblets from some part

of a long root; so that

Another dent writes — ^L. Wallichienum is certainly a mas

wo sod «o weakly that it is cut down by frost just as it is beginning to show a
ч, however, of Hull, has succeeded in keeping it for some years, and says, in the No
Lori e] am not alittle surprised to see the allusion made to the native Habitat of J
limum. On this matter I am in a position to give an opinion, as it has been planted out in these gardei
for sixteen years, and flowers every year. It has never hud any protection beyond a covering of about 6 ine
light penty sol Although cultivated for vo long it is very shy of increase; and 1 once very nearly lost it th
an attempt to divide what seemed a perfectly formed off

ther and much finer forms of 1

It is the opinion of Ma. апоития that there are
sc here figured; and it is described by Warten as having usually two or three flowers on a stem; but, as far

а, which flowered in July 1876 at Colchester. 1

1 am indebted to Da. Wattar for the plant here

agreed almost exactly with the figure in the * Botanical Magazine” in the slightly irregular position of the lower
petals. I believe it was grown in a greenhouse, and attained nearly 6 feet heigh

A large number of bulbs were imported three or four years ago by Mu. Bann, some of which have flowered
in England; but I have never een or heard of any finer than the plant figured ; and the majority of them have, I

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LILIUM AVENACEUM.

FISCHE

ку LILY

1. avenaceum, Fischer, Maxim. in Regel, Garters, 1565, p. 200, t. 455; Baker, 1

Martogon 144. V. Ross, iv, 149
to и parta

1, meieotide, ranch. et бати, E

1, maculatum, So, Mokon, al. v. fol. 76

Balbus parvus, perennis, күшінін frugibus, йени, Бань, acutis. С folin sepissime 6-9
ud medium caulis in verticillam disposita, raro in verticilos du a: horizontalia o m `
medium 6-18 lin. lata, glabra, tenera, Flores 1-12, in interdum subumbellati, bracteis parvis, pedicellis арі

atin; еди glabra, profundo excavata. Filmen

brevius. Capsula

longs, anth

de parvis, Ovarium 4-5 lin.

Senis parn.

Foen). Japonia (MamD

oum). Sachaien (Senam). Tas. Kurilenses (H

tached <, the upper parts of which resemble
i he upper parts of which resemble in

zea grain of oats, from which resemblance the plant takes its tame, Stem 14-2 fect high slender, terete, glabrous. 1
usually in a single whorl of 6-9, but sometimes in а double whorl, or scattered es long, 6-18 lines wide, narrowed
prins t point, thin in texture, and glabrous or faintly downy’ ben istinct nerven, Flowers

gular corymb, or subumbellte, on slender bractolae pedicels, the apex. Perianth 16-18

m

Mont, and faintly

m the face with dark purple or black, not

Ovary 4-5 lines k

eastern Asi

and islands of No

THOUGH Litem erence appears o be чау common plant on he const
‘our knowledge of its peculiarities is still somewhat deficient, and it was not until 1877 that I was able to

plant of it for figuring. It was apparently discovered long ago by Partas, and afterwards

procure a living
L

as a distinct species until Maxımowscz bro

but was not recognized or described

gathered in Kamtchatka by by Krrrurrz, Esensenovrz, and other traveller

ut which flowered

it to Russia in 1864, and described it froma pl

in the Botanic Garden of St. Petersburg,

his Lily has been somewhat confused with another species (1. Hansoni), which 1 have already figured:

reat difference in the size, habit, and appearance of the plant, the structure of the

Dut, without speaking of the

bulb is so very different from that of L. Hanson, or o
resemble. Г. temrifolium much more closely than La Hansoni; and unless it

any other Lily, except L. medeoloides, that I have no hesi-

tation in separating them. It seems

rach more Iusurianty in its native country than it has done in cultivation, I am at a loss to understand

how it can ever have been confused with the latter

is common in Kamtchatka, and is also found in the Kurile Islands, South

Pror. Maxitowicz tells me it
hills in good black

‘eso, North and Central Nippon, growing in mountain-meadows and gr
‚emisarage inhabitants of North-east Asia.

Sachalien, South Y

soli. It is commonly used as an article of food by the

for three bulbs of this Lily, which he eultivates with more

1 am indebted to Mn. Parsons, of Vermo
ved States than we ean hope to do here. One of these, which I

nt to Heni

1 by Ma

success in the climate of the Un

Max Lentis, produced two flowers in June 1877
orticultural Society about the same

From this plant, and one which was exbil

ipsu

Wuusos at а meeting of the Royal H me, my Plate was taken,
the plate in the “Gartenlora” for 1860, The delicate s the bull

cen, being copied from

lance to the grain of the oat, В

which T have n
of this Lily, which, from their resem

ned to think, do not form offsets

be very loosely attached, and, I am in

considerable summer heat are indispensal

rom what I can learn, I believe that a very moist cool soil and
st likely to become naturalized in our gardens,

; the growth of this plant, which is n

LILIUM MEDEOLOIDES.

YS JAPAN LILY

In medelis, A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. vi 415; Mique, Amn, Mus, Гар. їй. 156
Сама 2-0 реб, gracilis, teres, glaber, eom. Folia із verticillum unicum 7-14fliatum disposa,
lato, viridia, 4-6 poll. longa, supra medium 9-15 lin. а, venis lateribus 3-5 distinctis, panen reduc
Term. Fores solitari vl 2-5 unbell in ендо apito ere thiam 12-16 lin. lng
ч ee atis bu eviter spathula, fovela carina
Mek. Ip (C. Ww). да Koresna, in sylvis inundatis, meme Janio rns (Oroua).
b probab L avenaceum. Siem 1-2 fet high, slender, te me Le
whorl of 7-14, or rarely in two whorl with a few кайегей on the upper part of е
p. 9-15 In теі, quite glabrous Flowers 1-5 of more, in an umbel,
tong, na өгілігініше, Perianth 12-16 lin ‘divisions este only ner the tip, lanceolate, not narrowed
ine ong; anthers amall; style longer than th
than of almost any other Asiatic species, and what we do know is not very certain

(QF tis Lily we кен

се in a dried state I should suppose that the plant is extremely like / a in

bulb, habit, and leaves, though it differs remarkably in the erect position of the flowers, On this account it h

been classed by Mn. Baxen among the ойлен group; but I have figured it on the same Plate as Z.

on account of its inhabiting the same islands, and being, us I think, more nearly ай
other Lily

that plant than to any

lence by Prov. A. билу, who described it from specimens collected by the
United-States North-Pacific exploring expedition near Hakodadi, in Japan.

It must, however, be somewhat rare and local, a

neither Maxınowiez nor any other travellers have
noticed it in Japan, or they have confounded it with other species

Ма. Hoca tells me in a letter, “Z. aven
it. Whether I. m

g in Fusiyama, whence I have received
vides is distinet from it is а matte

inquiry, as the two appear to be sometimes

em ifying the Whecl-Lily. "The

unded. ‘The native name is “Koruna Yuri! si

marked positio of the leaves in whorls.” I am not aware that this plant has yet been cultivated

A small number of bulbs have been recently imported under.

one of which is figured in the Plate
m exactly similar to those of Za avenaceum, 1 cannot be sure, however

and which of their authenticity; but a

1 am unable to defer any longer the publica

of this Plate, 1 must leave the matter to the investigation o

The plant was drawn by Ма. Foren from the excellet dried specimens in the Kew he

collected by Mn. Озона in 1862 in the Herschel Islands, part of the Corean archipela

wished that the extremely interesting flora and fauna of these islands and the Corea may not remain much longer

almost entirely unknown

LILIUM CONCOLOR.

SALISBURYS LILY

Plant. Fase. v. p. 54 (1877); Lem, Ill. Hort, t. 1 à
2 v, Regel, ut up
Dai oti ats bre Tris; күші obscuro eserini,
m iocis, maca аре panllo reeur

Var. в. тисим, Fisch. & allem. Ind, Sem. Petr. 1840, p. 00: Саналаа, t 284 (1800); Mer. Нон. 1802, p
cone; Ta PL. Ross is. p. 152; Таға. Сы, Baic. n. 1.
Lo Lod. Bet. Cab. p. 1028.
н < Вмещает, Baker, Journ. Lin, Soc (Ва.
аа solitariis Gl Ме ss; walls sie, pls intere penta, eio siz кеш
Hob, Dania et Mander, China borealis (Momo)
Var. y. see Цай, in Past. FL Gard ii p. 119, L 198; Van Houtte, FI, ди Serres p 120

Var. а таково, Sieb. et De Veis, Тайм Mons, iL р. Bl, cam ion

pta; fills anguste ішесіз 0-7: sepalis pallido crine w

Hed, Tuos

Solar coin, ib. e Do Vr. oc cit. p. ML. Floribus lp
Var < timeri, Перм, Maxim, in Herb, Petr; Gareto, 885 (1870). (да аз)
выше do Man) folis Macari lancen, erm; край, иди vel apio барнай Шей, intus pr

pubescent, purplish, and occasionally bearing small bulb in the axils, Le

inches ong, 4-6 lines broad, narrowed to both ends, faintly downy below,

MIE plant whose intricate synonymy I have endeavoured, with the help of Dr. Regel, to unravel, is to me

if such were needed, of the extreme ditfeulty of deciding on the

Here we have several varieties of one plant differing considerably in habit, colour, and size, but not more so

ance, But when we come to examine the

than is usual in the genus, and having flowers all of very similar appea

bulbs, we find two very distinct types; and, were it not for the fact that, as far as my present knowledge extends,

has not been found in a wild state, I should at once decide that it had as good a claim to

pecific distinction as Г. columbianum has from Г. canadense

down on the left-hand side of the Plate. The second, however, produces what 1 may term a ne

bulbs, co five of equal size joined together at their base, and, if separated, each capable о

producing a similar nest during a year's growth

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LILIUM OXYPETALUM.

ROYLES LILY

L. triceps, Klotsch, Reise Wald
12. nanum, Klotch, Reiso Wald. 5
Balbus elongatus, squamis paucis, lan s, teres, viridis, glaber, -Lppeblie Folia
5-30, lanceolata, infra spars, 2-5 pol. a horizontale, late infundibuliforme, 15-1
dimidio inte ateo раздава, in Пейо, extus barbato. Stamina рабам
triente breviora; antheris purpu entibus, Ovariam davam, 6-6 Ш. longum.
Hab. Himalaya се 0-12500 ped. (Ronis, Sraucner, Horna
Bulb narrow, pointed, white scales, about 14 inch long. Stem slender, glabrous, 1-1} foot high. Lean
late, scattered, alternate or somewhat индей mear the top. Flower usually solitary, sometimes 2 or
ments spreading from sd. hardly at all тейекед, about 1} inch long by 8 or
purplish in colour, spotted at the base inside with darker. St ігі shorter than the peral

2 lines long, Фаму angled.

Kunawar, in the North

[її pretty Hide Lily was apparently frst discovered by Da Цена
west Himalayas. It was also found by Gnxunau Зткдонку at Pindari, in Kumaon, at an elevation
12500 fet, and by other travellers, but does not appear to be a common plant, as, notwithstanding all the efforts I

have made to procure living bulbs, I have been unsuco,

by Mrsens. Sraachny and Wiyrennorrow in 1852, and flowered in June
nical Mi

Tt was introduced to England b
1853 at Kew б The drawing which was then made by Mn. Рон and published in the

gazine,” plate 4731, is here repr

y Da. Horrsisisrun, who accompanied Рахов WALDEMAR

Lilium triceps of Klotsch, which was gathered

is Himalayan travels, appears to be the same plant. ‘The type specimens (which I hav

of Prossia dur
examined in the Berlin Herbarium) only difer from my figure in having the upper leaves more crowed, and

occasionally in the presence of 2 or 3 flowers.

1, nanum of Klotsch (which I have seen in the same herbarium) has the appearance ofa stunted specimen of

the same species; but the specimens are not sufficient to make this certain.

ly yet known, give it more th

which is the smallest

"The habit and size of this pl
once that its afinity is rather with the Lilies.

Fritillaria ; but its peculiar lon

LILIUM NEPALENSE.

THE NEPALESE LILY

D. Don, Wem. T пз; Prodr. ¥ Wallich, PL Asiat. Rar 1.201; Cat, OTS; Bake
г к 1
с Folia sparsa, lucie viridis, as
ы v " um; segmentis «Мапе
anganis, 0-7 lie poli с lin. longum, сип stylo stamina р
Г m 1 have received as J. ngpalense resemble small bubs of Za Wallichianum: Stem
lines b Y r 2 or З, drooping, 4-5 inches long, yellowish, more or М
„ 1 ше s Title shorter than the pera. Anthem 6 lines Jon, pollen yellow. Ovary and
Found by Da. W Я rs at Chandaghur in July and on the mountain of Gomain-than, near Kathmandu, Nepal
"Тин only certain ка же have of this Lily is derived from the description and plate in Wautsen’s
Asiatiow Rariores;* for though specimens exist in herbaria from other sources, I cannot refer
them with ty to Wanzicw's plant, and T have been unable to procure any farther information about i
from India, Tt appears to be confined to the mountains of Nepal, at an elevation of 4000-5000 feet, and, judgi
from the plate, is а distinet and well-marked sp + drooping position of the flowers from any of
the nearly allied plants of th š It appears to have been <d to England in 1855, the
following note from the ‘Gardeners’ Chronicle’ for that year, р. 564, being the only notice I can find of its having
lowered in Europ
À small, single-lowered bulb, with alternate lanceolate leaves. Flowers nodding, with revolute, smooth

segments а the tube, Stamens shorter than the flower, with doep-orange-coloured pollen. According to

Da. Watucu the flowers are dull yellow; in the specimen before us they are greenish, much speckled wi
purple inside. It is ‘ry weak bulb, presented to the Horticultural Society by the Bast-India Company,
and which opened on the 10th of July, that this note bas been made. The Indian drawings represent the Bower

with Da. Wanatcu's account and with our wild specimens, It never

to be о inches long, which с

seems to grow more than 2 to 3 feet high, and has no odour worth mentioning

дк. Bann and one of these

A few bulbs, under the name of L. ne м

наш ative In my greenhouse. As, however, it has not yet dowered, I am unable to be sure o£ its identity, and

have not figured it

i notes on this species in the ‘Gardeners’ Chro-

to think that Mn. Baxu has drawn up
the specimens in Wauticn’s herbarium are th

nick other plant in view; but as I believe th

mes which can be depended on, they have been copied by Ma. Pircu for this w

ERE

LILIUM MARITIMUM.

THE COAST-LILY

ва ston 1-4 pl.
A mn ne ташы pele RR ЫШЫ! ЧЫ 1) is
= m
Ga es te ы Re Ба
TUS ly has ten rect described by Da. Ken, o isco; and though it hes not yet been
tmported ia a Бишк ме to Europe, T am enabled kindness of Mn. Senora, of Harvard
Ойношун gré x gue of A specimen, which а as being fairly typical of the plant, and
hich is naw In the Royal He "
Mx. Bare, to whom I am indebted for the description given abore, thinks (ші Tam entirely of the same

opinion) that there г as we know at present, haracter by which the plant can be distinguished

bienn а been able to compare the plants in a living state, and. Da. Кизлова

portunities of doing so, I should not be right in refusing to n

setor, an account of a Lily which he found

ich, I think,

1 have received from Ma. Rox
rivers, about 200 miles north of San Francisco, and wi
Van Houttei;

‚Fit under that name from Мен

on the same coast, between the Elk and America

must be the same. Mr. Rorz sent home bulbs of it under the name of L but T am not aware th

have flowered in Europe (though I received а drawi

ng a dwarf Lily, very distinct in habit from any other, and

Sabi and Co, of St. Albans). He deseribed it a

‘ulate flower. The bulbs resembled those of Г. colunbianun, of which

having a small, orange-red-spotted, camp

the plant is very possibly a local variety

wing note on this Lily by Da. Ккшово was published in ‘The Garden,’ July 17, 1876 —" Thi

years considered doubtfully distinct by

maritime Lily, recently described, al
АТ find recorded on the label. A year
lbs for distribution t

1 visited its native habitat, devoted

Ma. Вкоомкк and myself; hiso

particular attention to its special characteristics, and collected many b Ma. Boosien and

Mn. Brooxrs's; and I think it well

ог bulbs like L. portum or

other friends for study, culture, and comparison. It is now in bloom

worthy of a distinctive name. It has not the creeping, cæspitose, or zi

L. pardalinun, and worth a distinet notice hereafter

LILIUM PARRYL

PARRYS LILY

Racemas 2-10-forus, bn
r Nide luteum,
Ha, Son B
а 1 "
ы Е » inch shorter than the perianth ; anthers
с 6 lines wid
„of Harvard University, Cambridge, U. S. A.

TAN indebted to Ma. C.S: Sar and to Par, Senso Warso

и eribed by Pror. Warsox fn mens collected by Da. Panny early in July 1976 in a
San Gorgonio P Bernadino County, South California.
It appears o the L. Waskingtonienum more than to any other Lily; though I am not sure
whether cit 1 properly be included with Г. longiforum Re: in the Eulirion section.
m as far as I from the excellent drawing, seem to be of a type intermediate between 1.
Wes LL. p h the afinity of the plant is certainly with the former species. It may
that its bulb E rshy situation, have become somewhat modified in form.
lan re that any variety of Z Waskiagtonianun has been found so far south as the San-Bernadino
Moun lat. 34° N on the borders of the desert country which lies between Arizona and
Tam indebted to Mn. Descas Ротхам for wing extract from Da. Panny's account of the plant —
of my last botani vicinity of San Bernardino, in July 1876, I accepted an of
to visit A vat brothers J. P. and Р. M. Riso in their mountain retreat near San
the broad and picturesgue basin of the Santa-Anna valley near the emergence of the
mountain-wall „Bernardino range, our route, after erossing Mill Creek, hugged

he Upper-Yueaipa valley; thene sore rapid ascent in a nearly direct easterly course

broad. sweep of the San

ede Mame Reo have herd a ptas anch, tecti of over 4000 fe giring y
Е mg after the herbage

le-ran
moist climate, while the adjoining mountain afford an extensive summer с

Hands has dried up.
a Coulteri the ground was strewn with the massive cones of this peculiar

Many of the cones were

fned within deep an
The fon t with are mostly confined within deep

fom beneath deep layers of porous strata and s

e low and Aller growths, and occasionally expand into small meadows

On all t p и al display ог Cali сеп shrubbery
f t ehamisal, is largely ır fuel), the Holl
тту (Pr £ bitter almonds, the Heteromeles arbutifolia with
nished le t California Lilac’ (Ceanothus erassifolius) with thick leathery
The dull green h everywhere characterizes the moorish growth, is at this time of year partly

adjoining bushes, or the less sh

brilliant scarlet festons of Pentstemon cordifolius trailing ove howy

But what soon attracted more exclusive attention was a conspicuous yellow Lily growing abu

т members of the Lily family in th

" d adjoining Messns, Rrxe's he
the undisputed posses Though not so showy as some
region, there is a grace displayed in its large drooping flowers surmounting a slender stem beset with narro
attered leaves, which are occasionally erowded at the base into a distinct who
hc Lily in question has not yet been introduced into Europe, but is in cultivation in the Botanic Garde
of Harvard University

graphed the Plate was made by Ма. Отто Gnorxss,

ho careful drawing from which Mn. Fıron has lit

of Rock-Island Arsenal, Ilinois, from dried specimens selected by Da. Panny, and was pronounced by th

gentleman to be a true and characteristic likeness of the living plant

LILIUM PARDALINUM.

THE CALIFORNIAN LILY

[S ч онн of his Lily wich w

төрешісі the Plate of the
that the varieties were numerous, bu

des called californicum

The synonymy of the plant, however, is à 1

long to L. Humboldti

very confused ; and though 1 have endeavoured to
hether some of the

yonyms quoted under this species may no

Da. Serexo Warsos, of Harvard University, who has recently revised the fora of the Paciñ Sta
s follows, in a letter dated April 29, 1978

“1 suspect that there is some confusion with regard t
L. pardalinum and its varieties. My

peeimens ty than I could wish ; but I have specimens from.
Kxraooc himself, both of Г. pardalinum and his var. angustifolium, His рагдайнит is from Alameda County, and

the stout large-owered form with many-leaved verticis, ‘Th

variety has narrower scattered leaves, and is
Hanrwxo’s по. 2003 (L. canadense, var. Hartwegi, Baker), which I suppose must also be Г. Reezli, Re

r said to come from Utah, and in my opinion a good variety as compared with what I take to be
the typical form. I donot know what your californicum is, as I have not access to Laxouey's plate. Пажтивов
specimen, which Baxe refers to it (2004 doubtless), he mentions again in connexion with Г. eaaadense, var
puberulum, Tonnex, under Г. Humboldti. Is it not possible that this Г. californicum covers forms of Г. Humboldti

(which ranges as far north as Yuba Co. at least), as well as perhaps the typical pardalinu.

In a Inter letter dated May 6th, and written after the Plate in the fourth part of this work, Pror
Warsox says: It seems that my conjectures respecting L. pardalinum were, at least in part, correct. Your
figure represents exactly what I reccived from Da. Ker the typical form ; so that there need be, I think,

ng more said of а var. calfornieun

After taking into consideration all the facts I have been able to gather respecting this species, I

best arrangement for its varieties will be as

1. L. pardalinum, Kell, var. californicum, Lindl, = L. Robinsoni hort, figured in part 4 of this work,
the Plate lettered incorrectly as Lilium californicum.

This, which I take to be the typical form, is easily distinguished from the rest by the size and colour of
its flowers, which approach those of Z. Humboldti in dimensions and brilianey. "his form never, in my experience
bears more than five flowers, usually only two or three. The pedicels usually spring from one point on the stem,
as shown in the figure, and do not form a raceme, as usual in the other varieties. This form eame true from seed

warden; but 1 cannot say whether it always does so. I believe it was first introduced from California

to this country by Mn. Ronrxsox of the “Garden,” who has done more to make L other hardy plant
popular than any other writer.
Hab, Alameda Co, California.

2. 1. pardalinun, var. angustifolium, Kell, as figured on the present Plate
This form, which is perhaps the commonest in gardens, is distinguished by numerous flowers of moderate
ize, lanceolate leaves about 5 inches long by one broad, usually in whorls of eight to twelre; but the whorls are

often broken and the leaves scattered.

3. Г. pardalinum, var. occidentale, hort. Ware
twelve to fifteen in a whorl, the perianth-

A form near the last, but with narrower, more pointed leaves, twel

eisi wider, longer, and more open ham in; the lat, Tt was cate fion мА # MA EAS

x received from Ma. Haxsos, was exactly similar
ham; but a plant from Sonoma Co, Oregon, which I received from M

4. L pardalinum, var. Ellacombei

leaves being
w һап the first, but is distinguished by the who
This form resembles the last two more than the are e
ent пребори double: Each whorl cortice aboot 19-44 Tours ia twa Sarian: Tha park RS

Meen to twenty days later in lower than the others. has been in cultivation many y

nothing to do with L

1 of the Rev. H. Euzacowne, at Bitton, under the name of Г. Alichauxi—but

aroliniann, of which La Michauxi is a synonym. Tt was, T believe, introduced many years ago by Hanrw

the Royal Horticult

умйт, Baker

5. Lpi

hum of Tonne, is distinguished

This form, which is, in gardens, usually called puberulun, but is not the p

ге constantly of a paler colour than those of the other varieties. Te

by its short, blunt, spathulate leaves, which

tem from 5 to 8 feet high; but the

is very foriferous, pro
y somewhat smaller and paler than in the other varieties. 1 first received it in 1873 from
Маки, Backnovan, of York; and I believe it was first introduced, together with other varieties of th
plant, by Ma. B. Кока constant

ih of these forms certainly appear to be distinct and

four seasons in my garden; but I should not be surprised

The first, secon

nd fourth have been

distinctive characters disappeared under changed conditions ; and, perhaps, even now th

ld not be exactly identified with plants in a state of nature

‘The habitat of this plant is the coast-range of California and Oregon, from about 1000 to 5000 feet

Is found growing in great abundance

of

elevation, where it grows in marshy valleys and wet places near springs I
‘or 8 feet. Lam not aware that any of the form

in certain localities, and frequently attains an elevation

The habitat given for L

this Lily have been found in the Rocky Mountains, or in Southern Califor

viz, Utah, is, 1 think, very doubtful; and Mn. Кока, himself was unable to remember having found any plant of
this nature in Utah

n so good, and their increase so rapid, that 1

‘The cultiv

can confidently recommend them to all. Unlike so many Lilies, which year by year

of all these forms is so easy, their constitu

nial quarters, this species

soon die, notwithstanding all the pains which has been taken to provide them with со

only tolerably deep moist soil and protection from wind to develop its

a really good garden plant, requir

growths from each old one, soon

The bulbs, when established, produce annually from three to five floweri
The seed also, which

causing a crowd of fine stems to spring up, and a great abundance of flowers to appea

ws much more quickly and easily than is the ease with many Lilies, and

is produced in favourable seasons,
ve found that it is better to divide the masses of bulbs formed

produces flowering plants in about four years. Ih
Ьу the varieties of this Lily about once in three years, as they crowd cach other во much by their rapid increase

that the stems become weak from want of roon

The plant from which my figure was drawn flowered in my garden in July 18