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HISTORY
A TRUE & EXACT .
OF the Ifland of :
BARBADOES.,
Principal Trees and Plants there, fet forth in
their due Proportions and Shapes, ‘drawn out by -
their feveral and refpeétive Scales,
the Plots of the feveral Houfes, Rooms, and other places, that
are ufed in the whole procefs of Sugar-making 5 Vid the Gringings
oom, . the Boyling-room, the Filling- Cc
houfe , Still-houfe, and Fors, | : eS
All cut in Copper.” ' me
By RICHARD LIGON, Gent.
Illuftrated with a Map of the Iland, as alfo the|
Together with the Ingenio that makes the Sugar, with} |
ty ey
LONDON,
a Printed, and are tobe fold by Peter Parker 5 at his Shop at the Leg and Star |
| |. over againftthe Royal Exchange, and Thomas Guy at the corner |
oer of Little eel go and Cornhill , 1673+
ah ere
or reas,
=a 4
' ot :
eee ee
a
:
°
Mo,Bot. Garden,
r
: A View » of eee Sando, Made-| : The like of a Plantation wear Bee
“THE | CONTENTS |»
Of the feveral things mentioned i in 1 this
H rss s. T 0 R r
,
¢
LVAD bee
ra's, and Defertes, =: »pag. 2. § ‘pag. 39s
4 View of Bouavitta, Ife of May e “Commodities exported and im-
aid Palma, oy Mer pag. 3 ported. Be 40
af
eG etl and Havking at Sea. What: pathatiale ee on, the
pag. 4. Ifland, fit to build.with. a4is
1 ~ Shark ail Pilot. fife “page 53 z - The number a ti 4 Yes
|-.-Carvil,.afifh that ellass pag. 6. habitants. teen ‘page 43.)
»| Obfervations uponthe Ship sway, | «\A:combination. “oly. the. Ser»
‘| as alfothe treachery of mts a vants,to kill their Mafttrs. page4sa'
Rortug al. 7.| . Reafous why the Negroesear plot *
the Sift fight of the: lend of no. Mafjacress. es their delves |
alta pewter page Bdbicie cr Pies page4é. |
— oription of the Bay ce a | Negroes patente,
a
ions upon the fiagec foe,
‘The: firft fight of the: spec |ligetio, and the plot difcovered by
ibe ;
The Sfland firft difevusrad poe
sare
~The bao tment af We. sd
k ~
| ; The extent and len i se felues.
drinks, > wpag. 31- yp dvimals and Infets. pag..bi ‘|
» Several oe inelaks\ ss pag. 23% Grebe that cman ae dela se
The garner of chilling a Turtle, — JA ewslonstyad
pags BO. onal Te ara, ‘he
Viduale brought from forraign ifland ded fi in fofibe ron reese
| and Plants, g. 66.
aoe the Pry... xe g..9.| and itherr aphad te learn “Arts,
bs The Padre, Vadago’s onfecane| ~-pagé 48. |
| — SEES Shs othe Planters ill mabe ellow. their |
Lo: Oar ) fe > andl} fererrabecce MMS, PAK ZO. |)
whe bapned tows there. - - pags 13. ru. a
There are-feven Iflands more; New Hoes. Sow Y ts Pan '§1-
; which ae neighbours to this.pag. 18. A pot of fame ates, tg oo the |’
Fae Beasts seo
258 “Samiphat ie "Pls fe
: pag, 26. | Bam Beis icine art aa
| Tempers of the eins, (Page Aza Pathe Planters ass artes,
ened... §> pag. 284 Bul ean! ao Ania |
ies aa drink, for puppentation Howes, Sheep} Goats,’ | mee
ai isons wodt Lepage ssid Of AW forbs. ..\\ PAG OQ,
anc nendetiin icine so pment 4 terme
ane
lose: nena en gyyid-nitictaess
a | gates pag. 37.
p aS sf of aninland Plantation.) Several kinds of Prat beiieace ':
pag. 38. 3 : _~pag. 69. :
‘The Contents.
Trees of mixt hinds. pag. 72.
Timber trees” of we pies
73+
The Palmet Royal djeribed.
| pag: 75:
Plants that hen fruit, pag. 79.
The Pine deferibede. pag. 82.
Sugar Canes, withthe manner of
planting, growth, time of ripene|s,
with the whole proces of Sugar-ma-
king, both Mufcavadoes and ee
The manner of diftilling Bi oe
ings of the Coppers of which we make
the ftrong drink, which the Planters
call kili-devil. pag.
- An oftimate of the value of ‘hi
Sugar made upon this Ifland in
twenty months, ~~. pag.
| The Withs defcribed. pag.
\o.
/ QM
Bc |
rgenels.
: The ufe o Liam bound.
. Aloes growing there, ~
: The » flower of ie Moon. pag.99.
Englith Herbs and Roots. tb.
Strength of the Ifland by Nature
to Sea-ward, ag. E00.
As te he within Land... : ibid,
bid.
92.| will ifjue out yearly to keep this Plan-
compleatly furnifbed with all dae
90,
- Caves, and the — x -
; tee wall amount Ustog7SE 16.1;
‘.
bid, /
The voluptuous nor lazy perfons,
are not fitto inhabit on this Ifland.
pag. 108,
The valye ofa Plantation Stockt of
five hundred acres of Land, whereof
two hundred for Canes, to be fale for
14.000 + . bid.
How this purchafe of 14000 1.b
providence aa pes gsscco Ly |
be made with 30001.» <* 109.
The yearly revenue of this Planta-
4.\ tion, being once fet in an reels |
cent will amount unto 8866
pag. 112.
ve Eftimate of’ i oi that
tation in good order,/as you firft recez-
ued: as we will: pearieeh to be
- Pp. FI3s
The accouut ballanced, the yearly
ae
%
“p. 116,
| ~ Objection anfintiel how it|
comes to pals, that Plantations of fo\
great a yearly value, can be pegs :
with fo little mony. ~ p
Somewhat .of the Difeafes of she
Fonatey,: asalfo of the Ph “4 tians,
ver FET lt.s.
=
ibid.
No Mines in Sas saci p. =
The Tar River.
- Theil
e
| came there.
| Soap and healthfullne/s, of this
“eh ballanced with ahele of Eng-|7
Stones
contrivance of bre Pla, Shieal
houfessas ec ae ranean frp |
“pag.:to
_ DireGions for better cone |
P80
i _ Afervey oft the plesfares and Lpre-| ?
p- |
~The beauties of the Heavens, a !
118.
An Jnconipasible sicilibtie es: the |
ibid,
Plumquet, 4 great ee took,
how much they tran{cend thofe
theif’ fot Gels era
© ee]
‘
beet the S
SS <= 4\ nS, ij Vy =
BN VAM SS
| ; . | the Mafter Thomas Crowder of London;& no fooner were we all aboard,
_ |asat that timieof the year, Ihave not felt the likes.and continued fo
till we cameto Falmouth-Harbour : where we putin, and: refted for
‘ja nights but in our paffage thither, werevery uncertain upon what |
‘Coatt wewere, by reafon of the unfteadinefs of the winds, and
| ted, and foupon the fixteenth day of fuze, 1647. weembark'din t
is; = ey
( lil ¥ 4 PLES '
ry Nf
c = p> lhe
we mB: j =
MS
jhe
/
LAC
{ a ‘
| /,
\
iF
‘ > a
ee i
A TRUESAND EXACT |
‘6 E"THE “SEAN D OF
Roce Aving been cenfur'd by fome (whofe Judgements
I cannot controll, and therefore amglad to dllow)
BOD tormy weaknels and Indiferction, that having: ne-
= ver made proof oftheSea’s operation, and the feve-
+H ral faces that watry Element puts on, and the chan-
Ve ges and chances that‘happeén there, froni Smooth to
LD Rough, from Rough to Raging Seas,and High going
Billows,. ‘which ate killing to fone Conftitutions, I fhould:in the laft
Scene of my life; undertaketo run fo long a Rifcoas froniEnglaud to
the Barbadoes Aud truly Ifhould with onclude my
+ guilty of that Cenfure, had I not the refuge of ant old Proverb to fly }
to, whichis, [Néed makes the old Wife trot} for having loft. (by aBar-
barous Riot) all that Ihad gotten by the painful travels and cates of
my youth, by which meansI was {tript:nd tifled of all I had, left ‘de-
ftitute ofa fubfiftance, and brought tofuct ar Exigenr, 4s-T-mutt fa-
and afflictions. had not deprefs'd, or wornout, Banilhment abfented,
or Death devour'd; fothat in ftead of thefe near and Native com-
refolv'd tolay hold onthe firft opportunity that might convoy me to
any other part of the World, how far diftant foever, rather than abide
here. Icontinued not many weeksin this expectation, whena friend,
as willing to fhift his groutid as I, gaveniean Overture which I accep-
Downs, onthe good Shipcalled the Achilles 5 a veflel of 350 a E
but we prefently weighed Anchor, and putto Sea; info cold weather
Hd-S-F-O R Y
milh ory ; and looking about for friends, who are‘ the beft fuppor- =
| ters in fo ftaggering a condition, found none, of.very few, whom gricfs
forters, I found my felf a {tranger in my own Gountrey, and therefore |
| cloudinefs of the weather; fo that I perceived more troubles and
ro
BS 5 rserereeaae vee
tae
LS
ae | A Live and Exatl Hiftory
2 . abel <
oo
a ‘. _
_§
A Trne and Exact Hijtory
500 leagues from aay land, atSun fetting 5 and fo it is not poffible |
they fhould recover Land that night 5 and on the waves they cannot
veft, without greathazzard. I havefeen them fometimes light, and
fit upon the waves, but with fuch Gaution , for fear of being taken
in by.a fith, asher reft is very unfafe ; unlefs when fhe is covered
by the nights dark wings. This Bird, isa kindof fea Hawk , fome-
what bigger than a, Lanner, and of that colour; but of afar freer
wing, and of a longer continuance , and when fhe is weary, fhe finds
| relting places, if the Seas be Calm; for then the Turtles lye and
fleep upon the waves, fora longtime together; and upon their backs
they fit, and fleep fecurely ; and there, mute, prune, and oy their fea-
thers; roufe, and do all theirOffices of nature, and have room e-
nough forall, for fome of thofe Turtles are a yard broad in the back :
we took one with our Long Boat, 4s he lay fleeping on the water ,
whofe body afforded all the Gentleman, and Officers of the Ship, a
very plentiful meal 5 and was the beft meat we tafted, all the time
we were atSea. There are of thefe kinds of Fifhes but two forts ,
that continue inthe Main; the Loggerhead Turtle, and the Hawks
was that we took. Thereis a third kind, called the Green Turtle,
which are of a lefler Magnitude, but far excelling the other two,
in wholefomnefs, and Rarenefs of tafte; but of them hereafter, for
mount foretimes upon the trayne, to fo lofty a pitch : as,ifa Faul-
con werethere , She might be allowed a double Cancellere in her
| Looping to her gare : they do it at-one entire down-come. Her
| ordinaty, flying forhet own pleafure, andnot for prey, is commonly
more free than the beft Haggard Faulcon, that I have ever feen 3
but, che continuance of it makes it the more admirable. At the
3, and wherethey pereeivethe water to move, they know they
are in Chafé of the flying fifth; and ‘Hearthem;they rife like Co-
veysof Partridges by 13.and.16 in aCovey, and flye as far as young
Pastsidges, that ate forkers, and in their flight thefe birds make them
a quarry. v
_ Thefe frighted fifhes, fometimes inthe night héve crofsd_ our fhip,
and being ftopt by. the fhrowds, have faln down 5 and with their
bodies.we have baited hooks, and taken their purfuers the Dolphins 5
whieh we have found very. excellent meat , being drefs'd by a good
hand, with Wine, Spice,and fweet hetbs, which we never wanted. So
| out at Cheik, or toa Village to Poult, and yet eat ofthe quarry,
fometimes of the Spaniels, which isan advantage the beft Faulconers
mifsat Land,. As for the hunting here, we only fee the Chafe , but
royal fith, fuchaone as may, fill. a dith to furnith Neptunes table, and by
the fea may not be counted their natural home ; for we fee them
bill Turtle, of which forts, the latter is the beft, and of that kind ours | -
I haveno.mind to "part fo lightly, with the forenamed Birds of}
| prey. x For having been bred a Faulconer in my youth,I cannot but ad=}
-|mite the admirable fwiftnefs of wing thefe birds make. They
times ri hungry, they attend the Dolphins, who are their Spa- |
3 .
herewehave excellent hawking,no fear of lofing our hawk, by going
oe
{uffet the hounds to flefi themfelyes upon the quarry, oritmay be, a|
we
fi
s.
z
Re
Bs
+
th
that means We are cozen’d of our quarry So that as Lever thought }
agand I find thefame at Sea, Hawking to bethe better {port. I}
ie %
—— age
i" ‘ oe
a ee . SPS
almoft forgot, ta tell what kind of fifh this flying fifhis, which is|
SS. a
iseaeae sages! Se 5:
Sane er ter. tie ety
of the [land of Barbadoes. : e 5
%
kind of juftice they are very Accurate. aos ae
Many of thefé fithes we took ; fomeby ftriking with harpin Irons,
fomie with Fifhgigs , fome with hookes; ‘and amotigft the rele, one
‘very large, which followed the Ship four hours; before we went |
about to takehim 5 and perceived before him, 4 little Fith which they
a
chance he got hold of one of his Fins,the$
fide to fide of the Ship, asif he had Been
_ [he had encountred him in hisown Element, the
_ |made quick work withhim. ee:
my
| :
ae
+
a
A True and Exaé Hiftory
Divers of thiskind we took, but none{o large he was about 16
foot long, and 10 foot about the middle. Other fifhes we took,
as the Bonito, the Spanifh Maquerell, the Albucore, Dolphin, &c. which
we found excellent meat, bucefpecially the Albucore ,_ which isa Gh
of fuch a fhape, as it pleafed me much to lookon. Thole we tdok
were not much, above a yard long, with forked tayles, the grifties
very firm and{trong, and thebody near that, no bigger than a mans
wrift; but fuddenly growing upward to inch a greatnets , ee | have
feldom feenany like him , and{o ftrong withall, asa fayler, a very
:mov-dbut his tail to getloofe, gave fuch a fpring, as Ke had like
to have put his arm out of joynt. Thefe kind of fithes , in a clear
Sun-fhine evening, delight t them(elves and us, by ‘trying which oF
them can leap higheft above water 5 {othat ‘tisa pretty paftinie, to fee
fifhes fo large, and glorioufly colour'd , thew themfelves {6 far above
hele natural Element, pea thapes and colours gave Reni vaniety: -But
{port:we faw. noto
Iwill trouble. younon ee ‘with mentioning the 4 ‘ati ‘OF thapes
at colours of fithes, till I come to St, Jago 5 oncly one, aficetliat a very
fmallone; for his body isnot much bigger thana a lake POR egranate,
and. yethis facultiesare fuch, as may draw more eyes f0. se ik GH Me
es ;
and more minds to confi ae pn we Valt Whale =
| being. ooth lev as : aed and fidde y Are
| nature
: the moreadmirable,. whene is ineguntred by his two fora
caps more than his own length, above, water, and in his fall, Bedi:
he, fea with fuch. violencia -as, the froth and foam i§ féen 4 a
aniha ncaltet} Mbit 51 -
wind againft a Kock ent at gther times, {pouts out the water i
great quantities ,. the height o ‘of an ofdinary, , Pieepl) Yet this. ‘great
be true, that ve large be ly.
‘the ftrangett anno re fi ights that €ai Be | :
enemics, the Sword,and Thefaal. fhes : For to fhake them off, h*
‘when “tis beaten by a {trong Welt
lalter-picce of Nature, is not in my: opinion fo full 6f wonder , nor
| Care, who camwhen he peas 0 THe: us Neigh: |
pone mca dtc anges puts. ie ‘a 'refolution. fa tr haa
1e12ht : as this Huds Btn the
i ref iD F
ence . te get ane ey Tho Be oe
th if peonee Ofaity fhipt
cn
: fe: mr: dcowning.. ‘Con
T Al S.wa Ls et oP oe ee voyage b
firong man, holding one of them faft by the gill, when this fii}
the. a, 1¢ rifeth to the top ¢ OF the. |
pe x than th th eat
7. s { ¥¢ if . §
eresery st ta f + oer > etna = r
meeelisis CORT gt id baat HOoE
& ee
rvrer
efitits Bay gs pe tSe FF Si :
ry?
«
3
‘a
a
F
by
it
ad
of the’ Ifland of Barbadots.
_But before we arrive at our next Harbour, St. Fego, one of the Files °
of Cape Verd, and now, revolted frdm the King of spain, to the Portu-
gal , Letrretell you, one little obfervation I made of the Ships way 5
which in flack winds , and dark nights , we faw nothing under
water, bur darknefs 3 but in {tiff winds, and ftrong gayles, we faw
pe the keel of the Ships and fifhes playing’ underneath , as
ighted by a torch, and yet the nights.of equal darkne&. Which
put me in mind ofa point of Philofophy. I-had heard difcours’d of, a+
mong the Learned; That inthe Air, Rough hard. bodies, mecting
with one another, by violent {troaks, Rarifie the Air, foasto make
fire. Sohere, the Ship. being of a-hard fabftance, and ina violent
motion,meeting with the {trong refiftance of the waves: (whothough
they be not hard 5 yetthey arc rough, by reafon of ‘their faltnefs,)
do caufe a light, though no fire, and,I may gues ,- that that light
would be fire, were it not quencht. by the fea; \in the inftant. it is
made whichin hisown Blement, haththe greater'power and pte-
MOmINaNGV Fi 54 apis} te r | .
. . But before: we came to St. Fago, we were to have vifited a {mall
.{ifland calléd soil; by. the, intreaty of a Portugal. we: catried withus,
whofe name was Bernardo Mendes deSouja; who pretended, to have
way , and. we :could not
aes
+
Za senate stems!
recoverit, by. reafon the wind, was Crofs; and paral
were informed by fomeof the Saylets, who. told us it was. unmha-
bited by any, but Goats,.Dogs, and the like; and we guefs'd ,*he
‘$4022: a (eS eter Se a %
(se 1 (out. ofa vain Se che
'|But the Mafter, who well knew the C voul
not lofe fo much time to,no purpofe.”. Which gavefome difcontent-
ment to the Portugal, which he,expreft in his CGountenance:; by a
fullen dogged look , till,we cameto/St. Fago.. But that was but a
=
een mS
oe
jour Merchantsredeem‘d:bim out of prifomin,Londox, intending hintf
the Pudré Vagado, (Chicf Governor of}
a great part of the Ifland ( if not,the whole’) to be his-owm}
tetas ee
thew us fomething that’ he .call’d_his.|
‘the Condition of the place , would |
>
ae eee
—
= A Trne and Exait Hiftory
| Voyage, (carrying Horfes and Cattle with us) which we were totake
in there; he Commanded the Mafter, by the power he had over him, }
to fend a fhorealltheempty Cask he had aboard ; with intent to
detain.them; and fo make us comply,by little and little, te his ends.
But the Mafter abfolutely denied the Landing our great Cask , but
told him he would fend our quarter Casks, inour Long boat, and
fo by making often returns, to fill our Pipes and Buts. But finding
himfelfata lofs in this defigh, thought good to keep us from any water
at all and fo appointed our men to dig in the valley under the Padres
houfe,where he was well aflured no Springs of water were té be found.
But fome of ourmen, who fpoke good Spanifh , by their enquiries
heard, That there was a very good well on the other fide of the hill,
under the Caftle, and were brotight to thefight of it by fome of the
Gountry people; Which when he perceiv'd we had knowledge of,
he wasmuch out of Countenance,and ufed his beft eloquence to make
us believe he had never heard of that Well. : 7 Bees
So finding that this practice would not ferve his turn, he tryed ano-
ther : and that wasto command our Mafter, to catty a {hore that part
of the Cargofoon that was confign’d forthat place, which was Cloath,
Bayes, Stuffs of feveral kinds, Linnen Cloath, Hats with broad brims,'
fich as Spaniards ufe to wear, and were madé in London purpofely
to put off there ; and thefe goods being valued... when-they were re- |"
ceiv'dat Land, there fhould bea return made, in Horfes, and Cattle.
But as we had Caufe to fufpect him for the Cask , fo we had for the
Cargo, and fo return’d him this anfwer, that we would not land any
of our goods, without receiving the like value in Cattle ; and {fo by }
parcels to: receive theone, and deliver the other.
On which meflage, wefent the Purlér ofdur‘thip, that poke good
Spanifh5 But Bernardo, being vextto the height that his Plot was dif- |
‘covered, kept him prifoner.” We fent another to demand him,which.
was hkewife detained; then we ent three or four more,and fome of the
Soldiers of the Caftle gave fire upon them.So that we tefolv’d to weigh
Anchorand put to Sea fora. week or ten dayes, and return inthe night
(the weather being dark and fit for xpole | furprife the Pa:,
‘dres houfe with 50 Musquettiers, which we could mufter very well of
the Gentlemenand other paflengerts in the fhip,and fone of the Saylers, | _
anid take the Padre Vagaco, and Bernardo Mendes'de Sonfa, and carry |-
them to the Barbadoes. Butthe Padre not kiiowing of this defign in
Bernardo, {ent tous avery kind meflage, inviting hitifelfaboatd our
thip, receiving hoftages frém us, and {o upon treaty with him aboard,
fettleda trade, and gotour prifoners releas’d’3 whereupon we were
invited to his houfe; or tather his Rock,for it was moft part of it form’d
ina Rock, witha fteep and Very high precipice © :
~ But [am mifled into this digreffion by this witked Porthgal, whofe
unlucky Countenance before we came to the Ilandgave me the occa-
ffonto fay formewhat of hitn, and his mifcarriage in the Ifand, Before!
came atite ¢) aw Fi = A
~ But whenwe came within fight of it, it appedred to us full of high
_ and fteep Redcks; (the higheft of whicli ofetesdieke hon wictiouege |
foyl at all ) and they of {6 great a height, as we feldom faw the
tops, whilftwe lay before it; beinginterpofed by mifts, and Clouds,|
eo gs darken thesky in the time of thie Tirnado. a ce
he ae nets
of the Ifland of Rathadoct
| we had the firft fight of it, being very clear 5 and webeing at a com-
petent diftance, had a perfect view of it.) But thofe of the fecond
altitude, appear’d not fo white, but hada grayith colour, asif covered
with lightand fandy earth. But the loweft of thofe , feem’d rather
Hills, than Rocks 5 but yet no ruflet, as we were in doubt whether
erafs did ever grow onthem. — But when we came within diftance of
difcerning colour perfectly 5: we expected the valleys, as they opened
| tous, would have afforded our eyesa richer profpect, with more vari-
ety of colours, but we found very littleor no amendment, only: the
tops (giving amply proportionable fhadows to their roots) held their
gceennefs, and were extream beautiful: : But the. time of our ftay
there, being the Turvado, when the Sun (beingin his return from
the Tropique of Cancer, to that of Capricorn , to vifit and. refrefh
the Southern world,) became Zenith to the Inhabitants of that part
ofthe world 5: which is about the beginning of Augu/i: At which time
the rains fallin abundance, -and:is accompted winter, to! thofe: parts
| whete the Zewith is, and weftaying there 19 or 20dayes, ( the rain
| falling a good part ofthat‘time, }: we perceived the valleys to put on
| new liveries : fo frefh, fo full of variousgreens, intermixt with flowers
of feveral kinds:, fome growing on ftalks , fome on trees, fo full of
variety, of thé moft beautiful colours, as if Nature had -made choice
of that placé to'fhew her Mafter pieces 2S6 that, having feafted our
eyes with thisdelighted object, we defited totry whether their:fmell
wasas pleafant and odoriferous,as their beauty was admirable; and to
fatisfie our felves of this curiofity, would: willingly have gone athoar,
but we were advife ay a little, till-we were better aflured . of
the Harbour or Bay, which they
overfromLandto Land. And, asI uefs‘d, fomewhat more; from the
points of Land, to the bottom ; and,aswe’énter, we leave a {mall Ifland
Oi out Lasbedtd fidesd 57% 20 sedRiaido! oy 20.2 12. sua SY.
This Bay of Pry,lyesto the Leeward ofthe HMland 5 by reafon whereof
we found fo great, fo infufferable*héaes-aseyouwall hardly rmagine
that bodies*coming out ofcold Climates, could indure fuch fcorching
without being fuffocated. : bunore atlrosstesue
- | had in a Cabinet two pieces of hard «wax, in the hold of the thip
| both melted.and clave together 3 andthe Cement of that Cabinct, that
| wasmadeto hold the Ink, melted and became flat... »
~ So that finding. the’ Air ‘fo torridly hot , I thought good to make
¥
fenfe.nomore’colder than: the Ay ;.than the Queens bath (at Bathe)
Vas hotter-in June herein England. pol
ney ae pi part of th Pry, there appeared tous, a
fair xound)rifing hill, near half the breadth ofthe I'ry,not much unlike
the Howat Plimouth, witha valley oneither fides Andonthe brow of
the Hill towards the right hand, a very highand fteep precipice of'a
Rock ; in which {tood the houfe of the Padre Vagado,.
ado, fixt on the top of
the Rock. A houfe fit enough for fuch a Mafters for though he were
| the chief Commander oftheliland : yet by his port and howe he kept
‘he was more like a Hermtite, than a Governour. His family confifting
trees of Coconuts; with fome other that were large and beautiful,whofe |
our Portugal: Bernardo: W ee, time to;take a view of |
xe. Pry, and» is about a league |
tryal ofche-water 3 and Iileapt into the Sea, which appeared to. my |.
[ofa allot of hisowm geting thes _pleme ae|
10
A True and Exaé Hiftory
Himfelf a man grave enough to be wile, but certainly of no great lear-
ning 3 for upon the differences between Bernardo and us,Colonel Aso-
diford writ hima Letter in Latine, which he did his beft endeavour to
an{wer,but fell the two bows fhort,fubftance and languages and though
his Quarrel wereto us, yet he revenged himfelf on Prifciaz, whofe
head he broke three or four times in his Letter.
The firfttime wefaw him, wasat his own houfe,.by his own invi-
tation : to whichalmioft inacceffible habitation, when we had clinted
with infinite difficulty ; and indeed fo painful and violent was our
motion ( our legs finding the motion of elevation, much mote vio-
lent then of diftention,) as. we were almoft fcalded within 5 and the
torrid heat ofthe Sun, being then our Zezith, did {fo {cald us without ,
as we were in fitter condition to be fricafed for the Padres dinner, than
tocat any dinner our felvesies9 9) oe
Being painfully and pipeing hot,arriv’d at this exalted manfion; we
found none to entertain us but Bervardo 3 whole countenance was
not fo well reconcil’d to himfelf, asto give usa hearty welcome: He
told us that the Padre was gone forth about fome affairs of the Ifland,
ut would returntime cnough to dinner, > And'whilft we wereftaying
there, expecting his coming, we.thought good not to be idle, for
the ftructure of that Fabrick, did not tiinifter to our. eyes much of
delight 5 Onely :that it hada fair profpect to fea, So. we walk’d
along upon that round hill, enquiring what we could ofthe place ;
and were inform’d that there had been formerly a very {tately Town,
beautified with fair buildings, and {treets focontrived; as to make
'|ashisheels could carry him 3 and) within a very: little time 5 made a
Gers 4. ae eee ee rs gee be hema i Jolt
c# Drake, inthe time of the wats , between Queen Elizabeth, and the
King of Spaiz,: which made us give more réverence to the places for
that dome of cur Countrey had'there facrificed their lives for the
Honour.of our: Nation .c)%bcisu@ize bad sbas toro: 5 7.
-sAbout the honr'that our ftomachs :told:usj-it was full high time to
pay Natureher due, we looktabett us, and perceived ata gooddi-
flance, a_horfe coming towatdé.us, with.a minon hisback, ashard
two Negroes) was fetonthe ground a great fat man, W oe own on|
his back, his face ode SubileuleslieeiateencnttietlocRialetth yet I believe |
fullout-as black asthe Knight of the Sun; his eyes blacker if pofti=
ble, and fo far funk into his head, as with a large pin you might
fighring we
a foots and being mounted’; (and -he tohe‘of the belt Horlemen,)
verpfwaft of foot, coming towardsthe place where he was kept, ran]
the beft wl offach a profped;! But burnt and demolifh'd by Sir Frans|
of the Iland of Barbadoes.
II
every one a difhoffruit, fixinall;the.
lef noch; ng more, thenholding faft by the pummel with both hands , 3
’
was miraculoufly preferv'd.
in this great difcompofure, he wastaken off by two Negroes, and fet
oa his own legs: but in fuch atrance, as for fome minutes, he
was not in a Condition to {peak to us + Sofenfible animpreffion had
the fear of falling made in him. But being at la{tcome to himéelf ,
he made. his addrefs tous, and in his language bid us welcom, begin:
ning to excufe his too long ftay : toredeem which fault, he had put
himfel€ in {ach a hazard, asin his whole life he had not known the
ike. - We anfwered, thatit argued a great refpect and civility tous,
that he would expofe his gravity, which wasaccuftomed to a mode-
| rate pace, ‘to fuch a fwiftne of motion, as might in any kind indan-
ger hishealth, or hazard his perfon.. But he being a man much re-
terv'd, and flow of language, faidno more ; but brought us into. his
houlé5. which wasupona level atthe entrance, but the other fide
| of the Rooms a {teep precipice, and fome of the rooms like galleries,
fuch as are in the meaneft Ivvs upon Loxdon-way. There were
not inthe honfe above four roomis,befides two galleriesand a Kitchin;
and thofe all on a floor; and the floots of earth, not fo much as
made Level, nor fo evenas to deferve fweeping; and the moft of
them were juftly dealt withall : for they had nomore than they de-
ferv'd; both above and below ;..for the Cobwebs ferv'd for hangings,
and frying pans and grid-irons OSE girs sie se
_ By this equipage, you may guefs what the trading tsof this Mand ,
when the Governour isthus accoutred ; but by and by , a Cloath was
laid of Calico, with four or five Napkins. of the fame, to ferve adozen
men. The firlt Courfe was fet on the table,ufher'd inby the Padre him-|
(elf , (Bernardo, the Atolotto, and ogre following after, )_ with
Pears, the fixch the Cuftard Apple: buttofill up the table,and make the
feait yet more fumptuous, the Padre fent his Mollotto, mto his own
fecond,the third Bonanos, the fourth of Guavers, the fifth of Prickled
‘Ghamber, for a dith which he referv‘d for the Clofevof all the reft 5
Three Pines in adifh, which were Hat ever feen, ‘and as
far beyond the beft frit that grows in Exgland, as the beft Abricot
isbeyond the worft Slow or Crab.» | ,
~ Having well tefrefh’d our. felves. with thefe excellent fruits , we
dranka»giaf3 or two of Red Sack 5 a kind of wine growing in the
Mdderws.; very ftrong, but notvery pleafant 5: for in this Ifland, there
ismade no wine atall; nor asI thinkany of grapes, fo near the Line.
upon Ifhndsin all the world. . Having made anend of our fruit, the
difhes were taken away, and another Courfe fetchtin; which was
of ficth, fith; and fallets ; the fallets being firft plac’d upon the table -
whieh Jtook great heed of, beingall Novelties to me, but the beft
|and ma‘t{avoury herbs that ever I tafted, very well feafoned with
| falt, Oyle, andthe beft Vinegar. Several forts we had, but not muxt,
| but in feveral dithes, all ftrange, and all excellent. The firft difh of]
fleth, wasa leg of a young {turk, ora wild Calf, ofa year old 5 which
was of the Colon of Stites fleth, and tafted very like it. full of Nerves
| and finews, {trong meat, and very well Condited: boyl'd tender, and
_ | the fauce of favoury herbs, with spanifh Vinaget. Turkics and Hens
_ |wehad roafted; a gieget of young goats fifh in abundance apner |
kinds
was Millions, Plantines the }
AT rue ad Exatt Hiftory
iatiisisinenaiteeiaanmesanianiis
- -"
c 3)
| pofits of Mufick, what along time this Tune had in fayling from Exg-
her to open herlips : Partly out ofa Curiofity, to fee whether her
\ teeth were exactly white, and clean, as Thop'dthey were ; for’tisa
- Rion €rrOr) for the black and white, being fo near together, they fet off} _
‘anime, but it was not the main end of my enquiry; for there was now, |
: = one thing more, to fet her off in my opinion , the rareft black}.
kinds, whofe name I have forgotten, Snappers, grey and red 5 Ca-
vallos, Carpions,@c. with others of rare colours and fhapes, too many
to be named in this leaf; fome fryed in oyl, and eaten hot,fome fouc't,
forme marinated : ofall thefe we tated, and were much delighted.
Dinner being near half done, (the Padre, Berzardo, and the other
black attendants, waiting onus ) in comes an old fellow, whofe com-
plexion wasraifed out of the red Sack for near that Colour it was:
hishead and beatd milk white, his Gountenance bold and cheerful , |
a Lutein hishand, and play’d us fora Novelty , The Pafame fares
gahard 5 a tanein great efteem, in Harry the fourths dayess for when |
Sit Fohu Falftaff makes his Amours to Miftre(s Doll Tear-fheet, Speake
and his Company, the admired fidlers of that.age, playesthis Tune,
which put a thought intomy head,that if Time and Tune be the Com-
land tothis place. « But we being fufficiently fatisfied with this kind of
Harmony, defired a fong ; which he performed in as Antique a manner 5
both favouring. much of Antiquity ; no Graces, Double Relifhes,
Trillos; Gropos; or Piano forte’s, but plain as a packftaff; his Lute |
too;-was but of. ten ftrings, and that wasin fafhionin King David's
dayes; fo that the rarity of this Antique pieces, pleasd me beyond
meafure. 7 : :
» Dinner being ended; andthe Padre well near weary of his wait-
ing, werofe, and made room for, better,Gompanys.for now the
Padre, and_his black»Miftrefs were to take their turns ; A Negro
ofthe greateft beauty and majefty together - that ever Ifaw in one
woman. Herftature large, and excellently fhap'd, well favour'd,full
ey ’d,andadmirably sac’ dyfhe wore onherhead a roll of green Taffaty,
ftrip’d:with white and Philiamort, madeup in manner of a Turbant,
and.overthat afleight vayle, which thetookoff at pleafure. Onher
body.next her Linnen;,aPeticoat ofOrange Tawny and Sky colour 5
not done with Strait ftripes,but wav'd 3and uponthat a mantle of pur-
ple filk, ingrayld with ftraw colour. This Mantle waslarge, and tyed
witha knot: of very broad black Ribbon , ,with a rich Jewel on her
rightdhoulder, which cameunder her leftarm, and fo hung loofe and
carelefly, almoft tothe ground. “@nsherd ore.buskins of
wetched Silk,deck’d with Silver lace,and Fringes Her fhooes,of white
Leather, lac’d with sky colour, and pink’d between thofe laces. In her
ears, The wore large Pendants 5 about her neck, and on her arms, fair
‘Pearls. But her eyes were her richeft. Jewels, for they were the lar-
| geft, and moft oriental that [have ever feen. :
|. Secing all thefe perfections in her only. at paflage ; but not yet
jareaed her Speak; I wasrefolv’d afterdinner, to make an Eflay what
a-prefent of rich filver, filk;and gold Ribbon would do, to perfwade
*
4
Seneral opinion, that all Negroes have white teeth 5 but that is a Com-
ore anotherwith the greater advantage. But look nearer.to them ,
and you fhallfind thofe teeth, which ata diftance appear’d rarely
white, are yellow and foul. This knowledge wrought this Curiofity
Swan
Po
2 Pt oe ca x. *, eet a Caer 7 ai i 2
Re» oor * ae EE a ht) Db gt OE oe Mas Ome -
hee aera a x : 4 ra mon ed Nar ee tipiyt
; — of the Ifland of Barbadoes.
{wan that I had ever een, and that was her language,and graceful de-
livery of that, which wastounite and confirma perfection in all the
| reft. And tothatend Itooka Gentleman that {poke good Spaxifh with
me, and awaited her coming out, vvhich was with far greater Majefty,
and gracefulnefs, than Ihave feen Queen. Anne ,,-defcend from, the
Chair of State , to dance.the Meafures: with a. Baronof England,
at a Mafquein the Banquetting houfe. And truly, had her followers and
friends, with other perquifits (that ought to be the attendants, onfach
a {tate and beauty) waited.on her, Thad made atop, and gone no far-
ther, But finding her but {lightly attended, and confidering the.was but
the Padres Miftrefs,& therefore the more acceflible,I made my addref
lis
git '
naturd than .to
lies to
vvhen, they: came
hvy vvent
ovvs.as Lhave
ed.soland,
.
| 14 ~ AT rue and E:xaé Hiftory
| who defired to {peak with one ofus alone. Colonel Afodiford, being the
: | chief man in the Company, went with an Interpreter to meet him 5
i and being at the diftance of{peech, defired to know his pleafure;which
ea ihe told him was this. That he underftood divers of our women had
| been athoar, the day before and received fome injury, from the peo-
ple of the Ifland, and that it was conceiv'd, we were come Arm’dtd
'take revenge on thofe that did the affront. Hethetefore advifed us,
| | cither to make fpeedy return to the boat that brought us - or to fend |.
| back our fwords and piftols, and commit our {elves to his proteCtidn 5
_and-if one of thofe were not prefently put in a, wefhould ina very
{hort time have all ourthroatsCut. 5
We told him vve had ‘no intention of revenge for any wrong
| | done, and that the only caufe of our Janding, was tofee the beauty
= of the place vve had heard fa much Commended, by our people that
wete afhoar, of vvhich they had givena Very large teftimony, both of
the pleafantne(s and fruitfulnefs of it, and that our vifit was out of
iove, both tothe place and people. But for fending our weapons back
to the boat, we defired his pardon ; for thisreafon, that the Billovvs
‘going fovety high atthat time, we could not fend them tothe boat
| vvithout being dipt in the Sea water, which would: fpoil them; and
| themoft of them,being rich {words and piftols,vve vvere loath to have
their beauty covered vvith ruft, which the falt vvater would be the
occafion of. We defired rather, that he would Command a Soldier |
of his, to {tay with a man of ours, and’Keep themifafe; till our return;
| which-he being contént to do, we committed our felves to his prote-
| ct suard upon us of to Soldiers, part Portugals, part Ne- |
ofeither kind, as proper men asI have feen,andas|
elbows; but large and gathered (6
i th fo 2 reachin joe
} ; Fie thele OF d Gh eren r -olour TOT :
4 their fuits, their breeches indifferently large; coming down below the
ee | kieeagond d the upper part, fo wrought with Whalebones with thin, asto|
ree pan hollow, rom touchit g their ba ks3to avoid heat,which the |
: their legs,‘ buskins of the colour of
eat
=
ee ie
2 ture; and Parts; thefe Virgins were owners of, would ask a more skil-
| of the Ifland of Barbadoe’
feffer fort , that bear the rareft fruit ; whofe bodies cannot be ace
compted wood, asthe Plantine, Pine, Borano, Melon, water M:Kon,Sc,
and fome few grapes, but thofe inconfiderable,by reafon they can never
make wine : becaufe they have no winter, and foby that means, they
can never ripe together, but one is green, another ripe, another rotten,
which reafon will ever hold,that no wine can be made on Iflancs,where
there isno winter:or within twenty degrees of the line on either fide,
I have heard that wine is made in the Ea/? Indies, within lef than fif-
teen Degrees 3 but ‘tis of. the Palm-tree ; out of whofe body , they
| draw both wine and oyle 3 which wine will not keep above a day,
but no wine Of grapes, for the réafonsaforefaid. Other kinds oftrees,
| wefound goodto {mell to, as Afirtle, Fefaman, Tamarish, withatree
fomewhat of that bignefs, bearinga’very beautifulflower. The firft
half next the ftalk,ofa deep yellow or gald coloussthe other half;being
the larger, of a rich Scarlet : fhap’dlikea Carnation, and when the
flowers fall off, there grows a Cod, with even or eight feeds init, di-
vers of which , we carried to the Barbadoes, and planted there : and
they grew and multiplyed abundantly,:and they call themthere, the
St. fago flower, which isabeautiful, but nofweet flower. ..
». From thefe woods of pleafant trees, we faw flying divers bitds, fome
one.way, fome another, of the faireft, and moft beautiful colours, that
can be imagined in Nature:others whofe colours and fhapes come fhort
| ofthefe, did fo excelin fweetnefs, and loudnefsofveyce,as our Night-
ingals in England, arethort of them, in either of thofe two properties
but in variety of tunes, our birds are beyond them, for in that they
are defective. ee Bis coat, :
with our Guard, fair and foftly, near a « uarter/ofa mile ; before we |
water. - The circle whereof, -was about 60 foot, the Diameter about
20 from the ground to the.top ofthe Well; (which was of free-ftone;)
threee foot and a half; from thence within, down to coreg tsi
: >
water, about fifteen foot. The pringsitsfelfnee fo. much to be prai-
aay . » oe eal " [opt Sa ee ‘though < ear emiou 5 as ‘or the
ed ror . rity 3 : cl Sets $ F
Nymphs that repair thither. For whil'ft-we ftayed there feeing the Say-
lers fil their Casks ; and withall contemplating the»glory. of the
| place :. there appear'd toour view, many pretty young Negro Virgins,
playing about the Well. But amongftthofé ; two, that came down
with either 6f them a natural Piteher, aCalibafh upon’ their ‘arm ,° to”
limitated ; and Tition, or Andrea de Sarta,for foftnels of. muicles, and |
urioGty of Colouring, though witha ftudied diligence 5 and a love
the party and the work. To exprefsall the perfections of Na-
both to |
| fal. pen, or-pencilthan mine; Sure Tam, the ch all were excellent ,
two, vvould not be amifS, to exprefs the difference betvven thefe,
‘and thofe of high Africa 5 as of Moroceo , Guinny , Binny ‘Cutchow,
good part of them bearing excellent fruit; But then there dre of a
4 e tgvVeisis ae tates aes LER ITE. a ESTAS ee 8 Br Es Tek aoe,
In this valley of pleafiwe,adorn'd as you havéheard , wemarch'd
came. to the! much praifed fountain 5 from whence we fetcht -our |
fetch water from this fountain. . Creatures, of fuch fhapes, as would |.
have puzzel’d Albert Durer the great Mafter of Proportion, but to have |"
their motions were the higheft, and that is a beauty mo Paintercan |
expre(s , and therefore my pen may well be filents yet a word or |
eis os
: ? 4
Angola, Ethiopia, eae orthof that dvvelnear the f Ss
15
er
i ~ Oe
MA é sf
a ¥ *. yt hea
. Nini nA
ng il “ee ero
< ie »
* 4 a
: Ps
teats rte
: Sd 4 es
a Sees
+ Be: < x , ~—*
: ye
16
=.
of Gambia, vvhoare thick lipt, fhort nos’d, and commiorily lovv fore-
|heads. But thefe, are compos’d of fuch features, as. would mar the
judgment of the beft Painters,to undertake tomend. Wanton, asthe
foyl that bred them, {weet as the fruits they fed ons for being come
fonear, astheir motions, and graces might perfectly be difcern’d, 1
guefs'd that Nature could not, without help ‘of Art, frame fuch ac-
complifh’d beauties,not only of colours,and favour,but of motion too,
which is the higheft part of beauty. -If dancing had been in fafhion
fin this I/and.I might have been perfwaded,that they had been taught
thofe motions, by fome who had ftudied that Art. But confidering the
Padre’s Mufick tobe the beftthe Ifland afforded, I could not but caft
avyay that thought, and attribute all to pure nature 5) Innocent, as
youthful,’ theirages aboutfifteen. Seeing their beauties.fo frefh and
youthful, withall the perfections [havenamed, I thought good to try,
}tleman that fpoke Portugal,I accofte
whether the uttering of their language, would be as fweetand harmo-
nious, as their other parts were comely.: ~ And by the help of a Gen-
idan ; and began ‘to praife their
eauties, fhapes; and manner of dreflings’; which was extreamly pret-
ty. Their hair notfhornas the Negrgesin: the places Ihave named,
clofe to thei heads $ nor in quarters, and mazes, as they ufe to wear
it, which is ridiculous to all that fee them., but themfelves : But in
a due proportion of length, fo as having their fhortenings by the na-
j to.
_ tural Curls, they appearedas Wyers, and Artificial Dreflings to their
low h aS me Seat LF a of purpofe
faces. Ontthe fides of their Cheeks, 1 hey plat littleof it’. .
eye finaliRibbons ‘orfome {mall beads,of white Amber, orblew|
e5, fometimes of the rare flowers ‘that grow there 5 Their ears
3
| Jar to either.
Ee ‘exercifed 5 andthefe beauties being a proper rabiett of all wie te
| that hath a property to make all Land-objects.
in the my:
| fancy. Befides, the place being 'extream beautiful and lovely,could not’
of them which they {melt to5 and finding it too ftrong for their temper,
of tbe Ifland of Barbadoes.
pour’d fome of it into one of their Calibafhes : And puttoit as
much water, as would temper it totheir palatss; They drank again,
but all this would not give them the confidenceto fpeak, butin mute
language, and extream pretty motions, fhewed they wanted neither
wit nor difcretion tomake an Anfwer. But it feem’d it was not the
fafhion there for young Maids to {peak to ftrangers in fo publick a place,
I thought I had been fufficiently arm’d with the perfections I found
in the Padre’s Miftrefs, as to be free from the darts of any other beauty
of that place info fhort atime; but I found the difference between
young frefh beauties, and thofethat are made up with the addition of
State and Majefty : for though they counfel id, perfwade our loves ;
yet young beauties force, and fo commit tapes upon our affections. In
his »pe- |
| tice was more fixt on that; or elfe that bottle was better than the others
| Otherwife, what-fhould‘move him to choofe one before the other.
| arguments to prote@ me; the firft is, Thavein bed Hee UNE
fumme, had ‘not my heart been fixed faftin my breaft,and dwelt there
above fixty y ears, and therefore loth to leave its long kept habitation;
Thad undoubtedly left it between them for a Legacy :'For fo equal
were their beautics, and my love asit wasnot, nor could be particu-
~ Lhave heard it a queftion dite epheknee ifa horfe, being plac’d
at.an equal diftance between two bottles ofHey equally. good, and his
appetite b 5 whether that horfe mutt not,
equally. ftarve. For if hefeed on either it muft ar,
Int this potture was with my two'Miftrefies, or rather my two halve
of one ‘Mile 5 "feta ‘had the} boon ichied, and: fo made one die
point of my love had met theres “but b in,
not forked, it was impoflible to'fix but in one centre.
“Jn this doubtfil condition I took my leave, ‘with an affurance, that’
I fhould never find two ‘fach parallel Paragons in my whole fearch’
through the world: And the reafon’ of base? o A aoe Itkenefs and rete
was, they were Sifters and Twins, as s Lwasafierinform’d bya
that cat Yen Ww came 128 we O diag
not far r offfrom his Cell. |
But you will think it ftrange’, Rete? @ man: + of my’ age and. avity
fhould have fo muchto'do with beauty and love : But T Pe es ben
layes ae
much enclin’d unto painting, in which, art, co
tions (beingin themfelves perfe&t ) I could not but confider
with a ftudied diligence.
“Next, Thad been long at Sea without fetting mre Land ae
1¢ higheft degree Paramount , ‘could’ not aaa ec
abe govern’. |
but fecretly harbour in ithe fpirit of love,a paffion nott
rdon my wild e
'
saLfU4 Cit!
divided, cod my afedtion )
u y ancy:
| But the main Sistin of of this fring o out, “is, I had little elfeto fay, gor’ |
_| the Ifland being ’a place of very little orno Traffique, could not afford
much of difcourfe,’Gatéle they have very good and large, whichthey |
a And fikeiite Hotles of excelleat aster wee
A True and Exatt Hiftory
| Fience tobe true, forupon our firft difference with Berzardo and the
little Ifland, at the entrance of the Pry, thereto cut and pull graf for
| our Horfes and Cattle, which we made up into Hay, a work quickly
done where fo much Sun-fhine was our helpers it being perfe@ly dryed,|
mettle; but they are Contrabanded goods, and whofoever deals in
them. (without fpecial licence) forfeitsboth Ship and Goods, if they
have power tocompel them. a
But I believe they have not, being partly inform’d by the Hermite;
being obtain’d,he would not {tick to impart fomewhat of the weaknefs
rance of Ordnances good ftore and large; but we underftood by. him,
that thofe Forts were neitherregular, nor the Guns Brafsor Iron, but
fuch as Hery the 8th. took Bulloyze with, and this we found by expe-
Padre, we weighed Anchor,and removed our {elves out ofthe diftance
of the Caftle which ftood in the bottom of the Pry, and expected to be
us, we fhould certainly have heard from them. .« is
_ Wealfo enquired of our Intelligencer, the Hermite, what Tradesor.
Manufactures were practifed there 5 but were anfwered , that they
were few and inconfiderable: Sugar, Sweet-meats , and Coco-nuts.5
being the greateft Trade they had. \YetsbythesPadre’s leave, we
carried away. with.us sohead of Cattle;and eight Horfes, which Ber-
have had for 4 or 5 pound,but he wascontent we fhould rate our Com-
modities accordingly,and fo we were no great lofers by the exchange.
~ Having difpatch’d our bufinefS, we got leave to go afhoar upon the
we ftowed it in ourShip, which was our Jaft work, and fo weighed
Anchor.and hoyfed Sail, fteertng our Courfe for the Barbadoes, leave!
ing Bernardo (according to his own defire)»behind.usy:-haying-but two.
degrees to the Southward, to vary inthe running of 620 leagues Weft-
ward , St. fago lying in 15 , and the Barbadoes in 13 degrees and 30
Minutes to the Northward of the Line. ey :
~ There are feven moreTflands, which arecall'd the Iflands of Cape
Verd,vizSt. Michaels, St. Vincents, St. -Anthonies, St. Lucia,Bravo Fogo,
this of St. Fago.
a diftance, that none of us could difcern it all the day till that hour,
and then the Ifland interpofing between the Sun and.us, we faw it per-
feétly thap’d like the neither half of a Sugar-loaf, the upper half being
cut offeven, and in the midft of thetop of that, a fmoak and fire rifing |
out, from which we guefs'‘d it took its name. ie :
|
who came often to usto hear news, and beg fomewhat of us, which }
ofthe Ifland, that would have coft him dear, if it had been known to}
the Padre. And fome of that which he inform’d us, was, the Forts}
_,| and Block-houfes on either fide the Pry, on which we.faw. the appea-
fhot at from thofe Forts and Block-houfes ,: but faw nofire given; andi}
if they had been furnifh’d with fuch Artillery as would have reached
nardo made us pay double, for the ufual price being 25 s.a piece, for}
_| which he made us pay 50 s. and for horfes 10 /. a piece, which others
and Soll; fomeof which are much larger, but none foconfiderable as}
As welay at Anchor in the entrance of the Pry, we perceiv’d at Sun-|
fet, between the Sun and us, the Ifland called Fogo, which wasatfuch|
Eee Sa
So ee Se Ge ee
S
a
EES S Se Fates
kee oe Sear eS
LG eM gat Oe
About the Toth. of Augu/? we put out to Sea, andas we failed, we}
left the Ifland of our Starboard-fide, and did not part with the fight of|
it till we difcern’d alittle Town near to the Shoar, whichwe were told |
ae
Aw:
a Pi
Sen’
n dager
of the Ifland of Barbadoes.
1
was the beftin the Iland, and a place meant forthe chief Port forall
Traffick in the Ifland 5 but by meansofa great mif(chief that Ships,were
fubject to in that Harbour, it was almoft totally deferted, for theSea
there was fo Rocky in the bottom, and thofe Rocks {0 thick. together,
and fharp withall,.as they cut the Cables.off near tothe Anchor, and
fothe Anchor isoften leftin the bottom. There was aDutch man that
lay there but three dayes, and in that little {tay loft two Anchors,
From this Ifland to the Barbadoes, we account 620 leagues, which
by reafon of the conftancy of the winds,’ which blow feldom in any
other point than Nore Eaft and by Eaft , they have ufually fail’d it in
fixteen or feventeen dayes; but we, for that it was thetime of 7; ornado,
when the winds chop:aboutinto the South, werefomewhat retarded
4n our paflage, and made it twenty two dayes e’re we came thither, and
many have made it a far longertime, forin thetime of Tornado, the
clouds interpofe fo thick,and darken the sky, fo much as.we.are not
ableto makeany obfervation for a fortnight together; and {o bein
doubtful of our Latitude, dare not make the beft ufe of our Sails me
way, for fear off{lipping by the Ifland , and being paftit, can hardly
beat itup again, without putting outintothe Main; and fob painful
ene recover our felvesto the Eaftward of the Rae then fall
yack again to the due Latitu SMpoaitat.13 degrees.and 30 minutes,
Befides this pains preutiigs time, when = aoe fland, we
many times run hazards by falling upon the Leeward Iflands in the
night, of which the Bay of Azexico is well {tor'd.., .. eg
In this long reach (which may be call’d a Voyage it felf) I had
only two things to: make the way feem {hort , the one was-
the other bufinefs;_ that of | suis Oo.
beauty of them, which were objects of fo. greatglory.,. that'the Inha-
bitants of the world from 40 degrees to either pole,can never-bé wit-
nefs of, And this happens at the time when the Tornado is with thofe
of that Latitude where we were, for the clouds. being exhal'de |
quantities, fome thick and grofs., fome thin. ial.
~
‘hurl'd and roll'd about with great.and” effer curles , the Sin then an
there being far brighter than with us herein England, caufed fach glo-
rious colours to re{t upon thofe clouds,as’tis not poflibletobebelieved
| by him that hath not {een it , nor. can imagination. frame fo great a
beauty 3 the reafon is, the nearnefsand propinquity |,of the place-we
arein, which makes us fee the glory of the Sun ,:and of thefe Star:
which move inthat Horizon much more perfe@ly;..than at-a further
m the one was- pleafure, |
wast view the heavens and:the.
diftance, the. proof of thisI found by looking on the Stars Pres |
iys
eee A:True and Exad Hiftory |
diftance, is, thatthe Moon being near the full (at which time it gives
a'plentiful light) [have obferv’din the night, the having been for two
hours of thereabouts, and atfuch atime as'the clouds being in a fit
pofition to refleét the‘beamswhich the Moon then gives to the place
wheréyou are, youfhall feea perfed& Rainbow in the night 5 ‘but this
reft on, but only fuch as areinan angle where thefe beams refled and
meéet ina juft*point. Diversnew conftellations we found to the South-
ward, ‘which in our Horizon aré never {een , and among{t them one
which we call'the Cruferos, which ismade up of four Stars, which ftand
almoft {qQuaré, orrather like the claws ofa ‘birds foot, and the Seamen
told'ts, ‘that tw6 of them point at théSouth pdéle, as the Painters of
feen by us that come ‘from the Northern parts, till we’ be under the Line,
and then we fee-béth North and Sonth, as we dotheStnin morning
and -évening; at fix and fix. And‘thus much for pleaftire. © - *
"Now for bulinelS 4t was only this, toinform my felf, the beft I could,
of the:accompt the Mafter and his‘ Mates kept of theShips way , both
fot'Compafs, Caids‘and Log-line, ‘together with the obfervations at.
Noonyby that excellent and-wfefal inftrument the back-ftaff, by which
we kriow'to-athile the Latitude we arein 5 and if we had an. inftru-
ment tofind out the Longitude, «as perfe@ly, everyman might guide
_ |aShip,.thareouldbarktep afaccomt.
ee - nts the knowledge of this great -fecret ‘of the Ships ‘courfé , divers
3
7 aw fe
_| the: Mafter-was noe forward'to communicate his skill to all that were
does not happen at alltimes, though there'be cloudsfor the beams to! |
the:Charles Wain-do tothe North Star’ ‘but the South pole cannot be |
noon:;' whether it’ were hance, ‘or our skilfulnefs, I know-not, but’
we Wwon' the wager, ‘which'was4'‘couple of very fat Hens, which we
drets'd, anc em. |
%
wine Se
of the Tftind of Barbadoes;. =a
‘their pains, and faithful cbedience,to ferve them in ail juft Commands.
} And both thefe, interchangeably and mutually in love, whichis the].
Cord that binds up all in perfect Harmony, And where thefe are
wanting, the roots dry, and leaves fall away, and a general decay, &;
‘and devaftation enfues.. Witnefsthe woeful experience of thefe fad |
times welivein. | 7
| Being now comets the diftance of two or three leagues, my firlt
obfervation was, the formof the I{land in general, which is higheft
‘in the middle; by which commodity of fituation, the Inhabitants
within, have thefe advantages; a free pro{pect to Sea, and a reception
of pure refrefhing air, and breezes that come from thence : the plan-
tations overlooking one another fo, as the moft inland parts , arenot
bar’d nor reftrained the liberties of their view to fea,by thofe that dwell
between them and it, . For aswe paftalong near the fhoar, the Plan-
tations appear'd tous one aboveanother : like feveral {tories in ftately
-| buildings, which afforded us a large proportion of delight, So
that we bege’d of the Matter, to take down thofe of his fails, that gave
the fhip the greateft motion, that we might not be depriv’d on.a fud-
| den, of a fight we all were fo much pleafed with. But our Cattle
and Horfes (who were under hatches 5 and therefore no partners of
this object,) having devoured all their fodder, and were now ready
to cometo that neceflity, asthenext thing tobe thought on, was to
pisiadsal boards, aad feed them with the thavings; Which deadly
hunger, ¢at fed {uch lowing and bellowing of tl poor Cattle,as their
cry {topped the Miaftersears, fo as theft, and moft per:wafive |
language, we couldule + could notforcea paflage, but with all the
hafte he could, putinte Carli/ie Bay 3 which is thebeft in the Ifland,
ere we found riding at Anchor; “22 good {hips, with boats ply ing to
Ry in
and fro, with Sailsai
“ee om
ailsand Gars, which ca mn ies from place to
place : fo quick {tirring, and numerous, as I have feen it below the
| bridge at Loudon. o i ee |
-Yetn twithftanding all this appearance of trade, the Inhabitants
of the Iilands, and thipping too, were fo grievoutly vifited with the
plague, (or as killinga difeafe,) that before amonth was expiredyafter |
_} Our arrival, the living were hardly able.to bury. the deac
Ww ug! herin-thipping- (for in long voyages, difeates grow
at Sca,and take away many paliengers,and thofe difeafes prove conta:
gious, ) or by the ditempers of the people ofthe Ifland : who by the
ill. dyet they keep, and,drinking {trong Waters, bring difeafés upon
themfelves, was not- certainly known: But I havethisreafon to believe
| the latter ;_becaufe forene woman that dyed, theré were ten men 5
jand the men were the greater deboyftes: 9 = .-- 0 ‘otis
_ Inthis fad time,we artiv’d in this Hlandsand it wasa doubt whether
this difea(e, or famine threatned moft 3. There being a general fcarcity
of Viduals throughout the whole Ifland.
|. Ourintention atfirft,. wasnot to ftay long there, but onely.to fell
our Goods, Cattle, and Horfes; and fo away to Antigoas where we
i nt : butthe fhips being {for the moft part) infected
fe, and our felves being unprovided of hands for a
eascui
y Plantation. (by teafon of the mifcarrying ofathip, which fet out }
fore us from Pliazonth, amonth before, withmen victuals, andall
fitted for a Plantation,we were compelled to ftay cc
Aaeepsittes - 6 Aflan
3
Ser rake oe
Nee ee ee ey ge Gere OS PA SER EM i Re
3 ‘. « bene =
| 2S = ee fori aid E Ecatl iE Hifory a Sy
Jfland than we intended. Befides, the thip we came in, ‘Was configned |
| to.another part in 4frica, called Cutchew, to trade for Negroes.
| But during the time of our flay there, we made enquires offome |.
‘fall Plantationtoreft us on, tillthe times became better, and fitter |
for our remove; with intent to make ufe of thofe few hands we
had, to fettle that, till we had fupplies, and new ditedtions from |
| England.
And fo upon difcourfe with fome-of the: moft knowing mien of
| the Iland, we found that it was far better, for a man that had money ,
3 goods, or Credit, to purchafe a Plantation thereready furnifh’d, and
aon ‘ftockt with Servants,Slaves, Horfes, Cattle, Affinigoes,Camels, Be. with
et a Sugar work, and an Ingenio: than to begin upona place, where land
is to behad for nothing, buta trivial‘Rent, and to indure all hard-
thips, anda tedious expectation, of what profit or pleafure may arife,
‘inmany years patience : and that, not tobe expected , without large
and frequent fupplies from Englandsand yet fare,and labdite hard. This
knowledge, was a {pur to fet on Colonel Modiford, who had both
Roe -goodsand credit, to make enquiry for fucha purchafe, ‘which in ve-
| ‘ty few. dayes he lighted on; making a vifit to the Governour
‘Mr. Philip Bell, filet therewith Major William Hilliard ,. an eminent
Planter of the Ifland, anda Councellor; who had been long there, and
was now defirous to fuck in (ome of the fweet air of Exgland : And
gladto finda manlikely to perform with him; took him home eae his |.
houfe,and began to treat with him.for half the On Don. W =
he lived 3 which had init 500. Acres of L Land,witha fair dwe' ae, |
| an. Ingenio. plac’d-im’a room of 400 foot (qutare 5 sa bortiag” houfe,
filling room,. Cifterns, and. Still-houfe 5 witha Carding houfe, of 106} -
foot long, and 40 foot broad; with ftables, Smiths forge, and rooms
to lay provifions, of Corn,and Bonavift ; Houfes for Negroes and India|
flaves,with 96 Negroes, and three Indian women, with their Childrens
| 28 Chriftians, A5 Cattle for work, 8 Milch ee adozen Horfes and
| Mares,.16 Affinigoes:: -
After a ‘Months Ficaty, Beterens was concluded, and Colonel
AModiford was to pay for the Moity of this Plantation,7000 Ito be pay=
ed, rooo/. in hand, the reft2co0o0/. a time, at fix and fix months, | .
| and: Colonel Modiford: to receive ‘the et 2 HE the a TET eg :
as it role, ~— the account together, botheof the ex; and
profit.
| is:Pléntation of 500%Acres of land, sft was or for fugit
| fomewhat more thin 200 acres; above 80 actes for pafture, 120 for
wood,.3> for Tobacco, § for Ginger, as many for Cotton wool,and 70
acres for provifions ; v7z. Corn, Potatoes, »Plantines,Caflavie, and Bona=
vilt 5. fome fewacres of which for fruit 5 v7z. Pines, Plantines,Milions,
: Bouanocs, Gnavers, Water Milions, Oranges,Limon Limes, ¢c. molt
| ofthefe onely for thetable. . .
j Upon this Plantation Hived with thefe two partners a while , But |
|withColonel Aiadiford three years; for the other went for Engl
|audllefe Colonel Modiford to manage the imployment alone ; and Tto
| give wha affiftanceI could for the benefit of both : which I. tly
at Sethair requefts, and partly at the inftance of Mr. Thomas. iideLwri 2g
| tepated much ¢onfidence i in me, in cafe Colonel me thou 1 mif-|
so carry m the = ES.
Page missing
from book
at time
of scanning.
Page missing
from book
at time
of scanning.
7
a Bog than Sea. ~~
of the Ifland of Barbadoes, |
s
lof that, till I bringinthe Plants ; where you fhall, find not only the
colour, fhape, and el of this Plant, but the worth and value of it,
| together the whole procefs ofthe great work of Sugar making ,
whichis the thing I mainly aim at+ But, in my way to that, I will give
youa fleight de(cription or view, of the Ifland ingeneral ; and firft, of
the Scituation. 7
It were a crime, not to believe, but that you ‘are well vers’d in the
| knowledge of all parts of the known habitable: world ; and. I thall
feem impertinent, if I go about to inform you of the {Cituation of this
jifland. But, becaufe there have been fome difputes between Seamen,
whether it lye in bare 13 Degrees, orin 13 Degrees and 30 Minutes,
I fhall eafily be led by the moft voices, ofthe moft able Seamen , to
give for granted, that Carlile Bay, which is the Harbour where moft of
them put in; is 13 Degreesand 30 Minutes from the Line, to the Nor-
4 thern Latitude.
This Bay is, without exception, the beft inthe Ifland, and isfome-
- Uponthe moftinward part of the Bay, ftands the Town, which
is about the bignefs of Hown//o, and 1s called the Bridge 3 for thatalong
Bridge was made at firtover a little nook of the Sea, which wasrather
own ill feituate $%°forif theyshad confidered health, as they did
conveniency, they would never have fet it there 5or, if they had. any
intention at firft, tohave built a Town there, they could nor have
been fo improvident, as not to forefee the main inconveniences that
uft enfue, “by making choice of fo unhealthy a place to livem. But,
one houfe being fet up, ‘another was erected , and fo a third; and a
et. in 3 a
fourth, till at laft it cae totake the name of a T 5 Divers
houfes being there built, to ftow their goods injofor their conveni: |
ence, being near the Harbour. But the main overfight was, to build
their Town upon fo unwholfome aplace. For, the ground being fome-
what lower within the Land, than the Sea-banksare, the fpring ‘Fides
flow over, and there remains, making.a.great part of that flat,a kind
of Bog or Mc , which ventsout fo loathfome a favour, as cannot
but breedill blood, andis (no doubt) the occafion of much ficknefs
tothofethatlivethere. - core atzinee
.. Atthetime of our arrival,/and ‘a month or two after, the ficknefs
raign’d ( extreamly,as the living could hardly bury the dead 5 and for
that this place wasnéartothem, they threw the dead carcafes into the
bog, which infected fo the water, as divers that drunk of it were abfo-
lutely poyfoned, and dyed in few hours after 5 but others, taking warn-
ing by their harms, forbear to tafte any more of it. ‘
~The ground on either fide the Bay, ( but chiefly: that to the Eaft-
what more than a league over 5 and from the points of Land «to the |
| bottom of the Bay, is twice as much.
ward) is much firmer,and lies higher; and, I believe, they will in time,
‘remove the Townu that ground, for their Ieseafaravied ares ; L ough a
| faffer the Store-houfésto remain where they are, fortheir convenience.
But the other fcituation,may be made with fome charge as convenient
{as that, and abundantly more healthful:
| Three Bayes there aremore ofnote in this Hland ; 6ne, to the Eaft- |
ward of this, which they call Auftin's Bay, not in commemoration
|any Saint, but ofa wildmad drunken fellow, whofe lewdand extra |
sak tk ; a ‘“ H : : “vagant
Ti he Scitua-
tion,
ee
26
The Extent.
‘The Length
of dayes.
| times driven aground. For, the Leeward part of the I{land being rather
A True and Exaté Hiffory
travagant carriage, made hitm infamous in the Ifland; and his Planta
tion ftanding near this Bay, it wascalled by hisname. The othertwo
are to the Welt of Carlifle Bay 3 and the firft is called Adackfields Bay, the
other Spikes Bay; but neither of thefe three are environ’d with Land,
asCarlifle Bayis: but being to the Leeward of the Ifland, and good
Anchorage, they feldom arein danger 5 unlefsin the time of Turnado,
when the wind. turns about to the Souths and then, if they be not!
well moor’d, they are fubject to fall foul on one another, and fome~
fhelvy than rocky, they feldom ornever are caft away. |
The length and: breadth of this Ifland, I muft deliver youonly upon
truft; for, [could not go my felfabout it, being full of other bufinefs 5
but Ehad fome {peech with the antienteft, and moft knowing Sur-!
veyer there , one Captain Swaz, whotold me, that he once took an
exact plot ofthe whole Ifland, but it was commanded out of his hands
by the then Governour, Sit Henry Hunks, whocarrieditinto England 5
fince which time, neither himfelf, norany other, to his knowledge ,
had taken any 3 nor did he believe, there was.any extant.I defired him
yet that he wouldrub up hismemory, and take a little pains in the:
furvey of his Papers, to try what could be found out there,that might
give me fome light in the extent of the Iland, which he promifed to
dos and within a while after, toldme , that he had found by fome
| breadth, it was very uncertain, by r
| (ome places, and natrow in othets,. I defired then to know , how
| wasaflured, wastwenty eight miles, . Out of thefe uncertain grounds,
the eveneft way Icango, is, upon a Aedium, between twelve and
Papers, that lay {cattered in his Study, the length of it ; but,for the
eafon-of the nooks and corners
that reach’d out into-the Sea, fo that it muft of neceflity be broad in
many. miles the broadeft,and how few the narroweft parts might be.He
told mie, that he guefs'd the broadeft place could not beaboye feven- |
teen miles, nor thenarroweft under twelve ; and that the length, he}
it.was.a hard matter, toconclude upon any certainties 5 arid therefore |
| Degrces from us, we findad ifference 5 forthen, the day isfomewhat
feventeen 5 and, I will beas modeft as I. can in my computation 5 and
take but 14. which is lefsthan the Afedium, and multiply 14. which
isfuppofed to be the-breadth,/28. which is aflured to be the length,
and they make 292 fquare miles in the *Mlands«..Beyond: thiss my: en-
quiries could not reach, and therefore was compell'd to make my efti- |
mate upon this-bare Suppefition. . But, for the form of the superficies |
of the diland, I am utterly ignorant; and for the Upright, I ‘have |
given it you in my firft view of the Iland, that it rifes higheft in the
mi B,. + 3 : '
-. When theSunisinthe Zquinodial, or within 10 Degrees of either
fide, we find little change in the dayes length; for at fix and fix the Sun
rifes and {ets : but when he is near the Tropick of Capricorz,and is 37
thotter, and we perccive that fhortning, to begin about the end of 0gfa-
ber.5. the Crepujculum being then not much longer than at other times, |
whichis not half thelength,as ‘tis withus inEzgland.. SS
At the time of new Afoon, we find both her Corners equally high,
when the Sunisnear us 3 but when itis atthe diftance of 27 Degrees}
to the Southward,. we find fome difference 3. for then it hangs not fo}
We. arein.
equal, but one end ishigher than the other, by reafon of the pofition }
Eight | |
‘fb Tn of Barbies,
_—
Eight months of the year,the weather is very hot,yet not {calding,
but that fervants, both Chriftians,and flaves,labout and travel ten Kours
in a day.
_ As the Sunrifes; there arifes with: himi cool breezés ‘Gf wind , and
the higher and hotter the Sun fhines,the ftronger and cooler the breezes
are, and. blow alwayes from theNore Eaft; and by Eaft, except inthe
time of the Turzado : And. then it fometimes chops about into the
South, for an hour or two, and then returns again to the fame point
whereit was. The other fourmonths‘it is not {6 hot; but is néar the |
temper of theairin England, in the middle of Atay, and though itt’ the
hot feafons we{weat much, yet we do notfind that faintnef, that we
find here, in the end of Flys: or beginnitig of Auguff.’ With this’ great
heat,there 1s {ach a moifture,as mutt ofnéceffity caufe the air to be very
unwholfome. | :
Weare feldom dry or thirfty, unle& we overheat our bodies with
extraordinary labour , or drking ftrong-drinks’;:‘as of our Exglifh
fpirits, which we. carry. 6ver;-of French Brandy , ‘orithe drink of
the Ifland, which ismade ofthe skimmings of the Coppers, that boy!
the Sugar, whichthey call kil-Devil. And though fome of thefe be
| needful if they be ufed with temper ; yet the immoderate ule of them,
_| over-heatsthe body, which caufes Coftivenefs, and Tortions in the
| bowels; which.isa difeafe very ‘frequent there 5 and hardly ctir’d, and
of which many have’ butscertainly ftrong drinks are very re-
-|quifite, where fomuch heat is; for the. {pirits being €xhaufted with
much {weating, the inner parts are left ¢old and faint ; and fhall néed
comforting, and reviving. Befides, our bodies having been ufed to]
colder Climates , findadebility, and a great failing in the vigour ,
and fprightlinefs we have sca? He x Climates ; our’ blood too, ist
ner and paler than in our own Countreys;’ Nor is the meat fo well:
relifh’d asin England; but flat and RTPA YH or ex-
canted, -which-is indeed the beft of that kind that I think is in the
world.
* Our Horfes and Cattle feldomdrink;and whet they do, itisinvery |
{mall quantities; except fuch as.havegtheir bodies over heated. with
working... + MeaemeserS TOO CO ssaisstiveniiiaids
- This moifture of the air, caufes all our Knives’; Etweele; Keys,
Needles, Swords, and Ammunition, toruft sand that‘in an inftant for
take your knife to the grindftoné, and grind away all the ruft;
| which done, wipe it dry, and: put it up into your fheath, -and {0 into
your pocket, and:in avery little time, draw it out; and you {hall find :
me
jit beginning to ruft all overs ‘which in mote tinie, ‘vill eat deep into
the {teel, and {poil the blade. Our locks too} that are not
made ufe of, will ruft in the wards, and fo become ufelefs, and Clocks,
and Watches will {eldome or never go true; and-all this octafion'd
by the moiftnef of the Air. :~ And this we found at fea: for before
we came near this Ifland, we perceiv'd-a kind of weathef ; which is
neither rain nor mift, and continued ‘with us fometimes four or five
| dayes together, - which theSeamen calla Heyfey weather, and rifes to
fuch a beigirpaeshougiiaie Sun fhine out brights yet we cannot fee}
c
his body, till ninea clock inthe morning, nor after three inthe after |
noon. . And we feethe sky over our heads:clear : a clofe and very |
(jeemniie
junhealthful. weather, and no:pleafureat all in it.
rie Mo
2% :
Tempera-
ture of the
air.
eo anes
*
————————
ear:
oe True and Exait Hiftory
,
red.
¥
This great heat and moifture together; is certainly the occafion
| that the trees and plants grow to fuch vaft height , and Jargenefs as
they are. .
Hew ‘wate-| - There isnothing inthis Iland. fo much wanting, as Springs and Ri-
vers of water 3 there being but very few, attd thofe very {mall and in-
'confiderable, .1know but only one River, and that may rather be
|term’da Lake,than a RiversThe Springs that run into tt,are never able
/to fillit,they are fo {mall outfall to Sea it hasnone3 but at ‘pring tides,
i the Sea comes in..and fills.it';. and at: Nepe tides, it: cannot run out
again, theSea banks being higher thanit. \ But fome of it iffues out
through the Sands, and leaves behind. it a mixt. water, of frefh and
falt : at the time the tide comes in, it brings with it fome fifhes,which
are content to remain.there; being better pleafed to live in this mixt
water, than the Salt. Colonel Humphrey Walrond , whoisowner of
the land of both fides, and therefore ofit 3 has toldme , that he has
"| taken fithes there, as big.as Salmons, which have becn overgrown
with fat, as you have feen Porpifces; but extreamly fweee and
But it has not been often, that fuch-fh, or any other, have been
roots,. oe ? oe |
So that no'Net can be drawn,nor any Hook laid ; forthey will wind
the lines about the roots,and fo get away 5 or the lines break in pulling
up, being faftned to the roots... 4» « . ee
Sr eee
. This RiverorLakexeachesnot within the Land abovetwelve {core
yards, or.2. flight fhot at molt; and therelis no part of it fo broad, but
you may cafta Coyteoverit.. }
| _ The {pring tdesthere, feldom rife above four or five foot upright:
fters, but wanting the great clawsafore:, which arethe {weeteft and
pared to them.
inan In
Tim FUruUlive
| But:the Planters are pleafed tofay, that the Sun with his virtual heat,
draws up all noifome vapours, and fo the waters become rarified,and
Dame BP miaahence we fetcht daily, asmuchas ferved us, both for
|, In thele ponds, £ have never {een any finall fith, fry or any thing. that
paves Or MOVes In it, except fone flies that, fall into i3 bit the wa-
va
he
ther¢ come fromthe fea into thefe {mall bibling rivolets, little Lob-|
find. anypbeaks to the rocky part, it gets between thofe clifts, and finks |
ain, But it wasa great fatisfaction to me,that a little Rivulet was'|
+
ter |
_ |takenin that place, by reafonthe wholeLakeis filled with trees and |
| fubetbet ih, sac have feen; Chichefter Lobiters are not to be com-|
But the water which the people of this Ifland moft relye upon ; is 7
und
: |
,
H
sy of the Iland of Barbadocs.
Bee
| ter isclearand well tafted.. And becaufe their Cattle fhall not be
in danger of miring or dréwning, the beft Husbands rail in 2 part of
the Pond, where itisofa competent depth, for the water to ftand ,
and pavethat in the bottom with ftone 3 and fo the Cattle neither
to them.
whieh carry it down tocifterns. And the water which is kept there ;
being within the limits oftheir houfes, many of which-are built in man:
her of Fortifications, and have Lines, Bulwarks, and Baftions to defend
themfelves, in cafethere fhould be any uproar Gr commotion itrthe
Iiland, either by the Chriftian ervants , or ‘Negro flavess>fetves them
fordrink whilft they are befieged 5 salfo, to throw down upon the
naked bodies of the Negroes, fcalding hots whichis as good a defence
againft their underminings, as any other weapons, 20%) 1b
~. Wf any tumult of diforder be in the Ifland, : the next neighbour to it,
difcharges a Mu(quet,which givesthe Alarum to the whole Ilands for,
pon the report of that, the next fhoots,and fo thenexty and next, ‘till
it go through the Ifland : ‘Upon which warning, they:make ready;
__Bread, which is accounted the ftaff, or:‘main fupporter of |inan8
life, has not here that full tafte it has in England) but yet they account
itnourithing and ftrengthening, It is made of the root of a {mall tree
or thrub, which they call cafeores* the manner of his growth I will let
_jalone, till Icome to {peak of Trees and Plants ingenerali! #0 o)cnpos!
5 His toot only, which we atenow toconfider, (becauft our bread is
made of it) is large andround, like the body of a fmall Still or retorts
j tree, which we put into the’ground, and they grow: ! “Aind
ot Anc : grates'the
reat, it falls downina large Trough, ' whichis the receiver; ippointed
j or Sackeloth, ‘aiid pre'd hard that allthe juice be fqueézed out, and
__ | then opened upon a cloathy ‘and dryed inthe Suny ‘tts ready to:ntake
| bread, Aad thus’ tis donesds to 159 Qo! dora eds ino 3GSTR
raife the mud, nor fink in with their feet 5 and fo the water comesclear |
__ Water they fave likewile from their houfes, by gutters at the eves; |
‘and as we gather it, we cut fticks that grow neareftto it ; of the fame}
Mea, and
[upportation
of life.
Drink, for |
30 A True and Exa Hiftory
| ~~} and it will prefently ftick together: And when they think that fide al-
moft enough, with athing like a Battle-dore;they turn the others and
foturn and re-turnit fo often, till it be enough, which 1s prefently
done. So they lay this Cake upona Hat board, and make another,and
fo another, tillthey have made enough for the whole Family. This
bread they made, when we came firft there, as thick as a pancakes but
after that, they grew toa higher degree of curiofity ; and made it as
; thin asa wafer, and yet purely white and crifp, asa. new made wafer.
Salt they neverufein it, whichI wonder:at 5 for the bread being tafte-
Ee Eas. d-ystr sri dees Waid esfloni vit sped: j6eeee
i Dut Tam too apt to flyout, in extravagant. digreffions. 3 dor, the} —
a S | and having faidiasmnnch of tlic bread of Cxfasie as I know, Iwill oie
| you one word of another .kind of bread they make. . which [ |
4 thd | 3 3 | : ; tiixt
me ve
of the Ifland of Barbadoes.
| mixt fort of bread, and is made ofthe flower of Adzyes and Caffavie mixt |
together; forthe Afayes it elf will make no bread , it is to extream
heavy and lumpifh : But thefe two being mixt, they miakeit intolarge
Cakes, two inchesthick; and that, in my opinion, taftesthe likeft to
Englifh bread of any. | .
But the Negroes ufe the A¢ayesanother way, which is, toafting the
cars of itat the fire, and {fo eating it warmoffthe ear. And. ‘we have
a way, to feed our Chriftian fervants with this Mayes, which is , by
pounding itin a large Morter, and boyling it in water, to the thick-
nefs of Frumenty 5 andfo putin a Tray fich a quantity, as willferve a
_}mefs of fevenor eight people; give it them cold,’ and:fcarce afford
them fait withit. This we call Lob-loU/ie. But the Negrées, when they
| come.to be fed with this, ate muchdifcontented, and cry out, 0!0!
| 20 more Lobe-lcb. :
} Thethirdfortiofbread we ufe , is only Potatoes , which are cho-
fen outiof the dryeft and largeftthey cam choofe : And atrhe time we
firft came,, there was little elfe ufed, ‘at many good Platters Tables in
| theliland.: “And thefeareall the forts of bread that I know growing
upon theoplace. ? a.
_- The next thing that comesin order, is Drink, which: being miade
| of feveral materials, afford more? variety in the deftription. ‘The
‘firft, and that which is moft ufed inthe Ifland, is asobbie,a drink made
of Potatoes, and thusdone. Put the Potatoes intoa tub of water,and,
| with a broom, {tirthemupand down, tillthey are wafht clean 5 then
takethem our, and put them into a large‘iron or brafs pot, fuch as
-you boyl beef in, in Exgland; and puttothemas much water, as will
only covera quarter part of them; and cover thevop of she poe with
+
a piece of thick canvas doubled, ‘or fuch cloth asfa
underneath, {0_much only'as will caufe thefe roots to ftew’; and when
they are foft, take them out, and with your hands, fqueeze, break, and
{math them very fmall, in fair water 5 letting them {tay there , till the
water hasdrawn and fackt out all the {pirit of the roots 5 which will
-|be done inan hour or two. Then “put the liquor and roots into a
Harge woollen bag, like’a jelly-bag, pointed at the bottoms and let
wotk. Coverit, and let it ftand till the next day, and then “tis fit to
| be drunk.» And as you will have it {tronger or {maller, put in greater
or leflerquaiitities ofroots 5 fome make it fo {trong ;.as to be drunk
with fmall quantities: -Butthe drink it felf, being: “22 eae tiade,
| doesnot atallfly up into the head, butisafprightly thirft-quene |
drink, If itbe put up in {mall casks, as Rundlets, or Firkins,it will
four or five dayes goody and drink such more fprightly than out of
the Jar. I eahuot liken it to any thing fo near, as Rhevifb-wine 1m the
_|Mults bat itis thort ofitinthe fttength of the spirits and finencfs’ of
the tafte ay a POG qe Fiore ot ie 4 Ol 7 ater Yak BY |
[ocTheré are’ two feveral layers, iit which ‘thefe toots grow 5 one
| takes the skins!of the Potatoes white, the otherred : And where the
| Thotigh’this be the dtink oft generally ufed in the: kd
covering itclofe, that the fteam go not out... Then makealittlefire| —
itrun through that, into a Jar, and withimetwo. hours it will begin to}
| red roots grows the Afobbie, will be ted like Clarei*wine 5 the ou 3
| cannot commend the wholfomness of it, for, the moft part
& ae is
Drink,
iad
fontel af-
| fords, which will ferve any mans palate , that is not. over curious; I
couldtell you what we have of both forts that is brought to us from
-meal cloie put up; which comes to us very. {weet from Exgland, and
| Holland 5 of which we make Bread, Pye-cruft,and Puddings; And for
drink, good Englifh Beer, French and Spanife Wines, with others,fome
from the A4deras, fometrom Fia/pone of the lands of Pe, So we
cannot juftly complain of want, either of bread ordrink, and, from
England, Spivits, fomeof Annifceds , fome of Mint, fome of Worm-
wood, @vc.. And from France, Brandy, whichis extream ftrong, but
accounted very wholfome, _
Having give
will ferve
{tal meat, and. indeed the: beft the Ifland affords, I will begin with
that, which is (without queftion) as good; asany canbe of that kind:
for their feeding being as good, as can grow any where, the flefhm
: ipians ofarare kind,
_ | needs be an{werable; fruit, the nuts« Pomptans of a:;
ili e bo ¢ Plantines, and Bonanoes,
almoft as {weet as Milic bodies of t
Sugar-canes, and Mayes, being their daily food...
|. When wecame firlt upon the Iland; I perceiv'd the fties they made
to hold them, were trees, with the endslying crofs upon one another,
and the inclofure they made, was not large enough to hold the
| numbers of Hogs were in them, with convenient diftance to play
and ftir themfelves fortheir health, and pleafures fo that they. were
}ina manner. pefter'd, and choakt up, ‘with thei own {tink , which is
fure the moft noyfome ofany other beaft,and by reafon of theSuns heat
much worle; I have{melt the {tink of one of thofe {ties down the wind,
near a smile, through all, the wood : and the crowding and thrufting
them fo clofe together, wascertainly the caufe of their wantof health,
which much hin dred their g : th 5 So that they were neither fo large,
not theirfleth fo fweet, as when they were wild, and at their own
_ | liberty, and choice of feeding. | 5G
| Ford have heard Major Hilliard fay that at their firft coming
there , they found Hogs, that one of them weighed (the intrals be- |
ing taken out,and the head off ) 400 weight. And now atthe time is ,
y
water, or any other creature, having in it felf, a natural compound.
other partsof the world; asBiskets, both fineand courfe, Barrels of |
nyoua juftaccount, as near as my memiory
{of the bread and drink of this Ifland-: The next thing is the feveral | &
| forts of meat we havethere 5 and becaufeHogsflefh is the moft gene-|
Beueridge.
Wine of
Pines.
inds. :
to a a
: 34 A True and Exatt Hiftory
my being there, the moft fort of thofe, that were in outs ahd our
neighbours ftyes, were hardly fo big as the ordinary {winein England.
So finding this decay intheir growth, by ftowing them too clofe to-
gether, I advifed Collonel Modiford to make a larger ftye, and to wall
it about with ftone ; which he did, and made ita niile about, fo that
|it was rather a Park thana Stye 5 and fet it on the fide of a dry Hill,
| the greateft part Rock, with a competent Pond of water in the bot-
tom; and plac’d it between his two Plantations, that ‘from either,
| food might be brought, and caft overto them, with great conveni-
| ence:And made feveral divifionsin the Park, for the Sowes with Pig,
| | with little houfesftanding fhelving,that their foulnefs by gutters might
' fall away, and they lye dry; Other divifions for the Barrow-Hogs,and
{ome for Boars.
_ This good ordering caufed them to grow fo large and fat, as they
wanted very little of their largenefswhenthey werewild. Theyare
the fweeteft fleth of that kind, that ever I tafted, and the lovlieft to
look on in a difh, either boyl‘d, roafted, or bak’d : Witha little help
ofart. Iwill deceive a very good palate, with a fhoulder of it for Mut-
ton; or Alegfor Veal, taking off the skin, with which they were wont
tomake minc’t Pies, feafoning it with falt, cloves, and mace, and
fome {weet herbs minc’d. And being bak’d, andtaken out of the
Oven, opening the lid, put in 4 dram-cap of Ki#-Devil 5 arid being
ftirr’d together, fetit on the Table 5 and that they call’d a Calvesfoot |
Pye 3 and, tilll knew whatit vvas made of; I thought it very good
-meat : WhenIcame firft upon theTfland , I found the Pork drefs‘d the
plain wayes ofboyling, roafting, and fometimes baking : But I gave
'them fome taftesof my Cookery, in hafhing, and fricafing this flefh’
and they all were muchtakenwithit; andina week, every one was
| practifing the ArtofCookery. And indeed, no fleth taftes fo well in
: oe Collops, Hathes, or Fricafés, asthis, And whenIbak'd it , I alwayes
— |... laid. a Side of a young Goat underneath, anda fideof a Shot (which
_ | |isa young Hogofaquarterold) atop. And this, well feafoned, and |
Se well bak’d, isas good meat, as the beft Pafty of Fallow-Deer, that
ever tafted.
sere _ Inthecooleft:time of the year, [ have made an eflay to powder it,}
ees and hang it up for Bacon : But there is fachJofin’t, as “tis: very “ill
: | Husbandry to pratife it; for, it muft be cut through info many places,
\to letthefalein, as when ‘tis to be drefs'd, much goesto wafte. And
? |} therefore Imadeno more attempts that way. But a little corning with
sae: ee Be makes this flefh very favoury, either boyled or roafted. .
: About Chriftzzas, we kill a Boar, and of the fides of it, make three |
or four Collers of Brawn ; for then the weather is fo cool, as, with fome
art, it may be kept fweet a week : and to make the fouc't drink give
it the {peedierand ne feafoning, wemake it of Asbbie, with {tore |
| ‘Lymes, fliced init, with fome Nutmeg, which
an excellent flaver. reek is
Beef, we have very feldome any, that feeds upon the foil of this
lace , except it beof Gods killing, (as they tearmit); for very few
_ }are kill'd there by mens hands; it were too ill Husbandry, forthey coft |
too dear, and they cannot be fpared from their woik » which they
_jmuft advance by all the means they can. Such a Planter as Collonel
So | James Drax (who liveslike a Prince) may kill now and then one 5
,
_}to recount in their due times, and place; yet, none for food for the
‘Table, which is the bufinefs I intend at this prefent. Other flefh-meat,
” | with theSea, (and therefore isnot liketo be unfurnith’d’ of that pro-
| to goto Seatotake its only fo much as they can have prefent vent |
| for, atthe Taverns at the Bridge $ and thither the Planters come, when
| Pupils, Butter they feldom have, “thai
Joyle, andeaten hot ; and fome marinated, and fouc't in pickle, and
‘eaten cold. Collonel Humphrey Walrond has the advantage of all the
_ | of his owna Sain to catch fith withall,which his own fervants and flaves
that had been bred with much freedom, liberty,and plenty, in England,
with all forts of good meat the Land and Seaafforded; and as freely
| ‘micin the world.
| Ffhall account it'as a great happinefs, (if ever it fallin the compals of
= of the Ifland of Barbadoes.
but very few in the [fland did fo when I was there.
The next to Swines-flefh in gaddnefs, are Turkies, large, fat, and
fullof gravy. Next tothem, Pullen or Dunghill-foul : and fat ofall,
Mufcovia-Ducks, which being larded with the fat of this Pork, (be-
ing feafoned with pepper and falt) are an excellent bak’d-meat. All
thefe, with their Eggs and Chickens, we eat. ;
Turtle-Doves they have of two forts, and both vety good meat ;
but there is 4 fort of Pidgeons, which come from the leeward Iflards
at one time ofthe year, and it 1s in September 5 and {tay till Chriftuas
be paft, andthen return again : But very many ofthemne’r make re-
turns, to tell newsof the good fruit they found there : For, they are
fo fat, and of fuch excellent taftes, as many fowlers kill them with
guns, upen the trees; and fome of themare fo fat, astheir weight with
the fall, caufts them to burft in pieces. They are good roafted, boyl'd,
or bak’d, but beft cut in halves, and {tewed; to which Cookery, there
needs no liquor, for their own gravy will abundantly {erve to ftew
them. .
Rabbets we have, but tame ories, and they have but faint ta{tes, more
like aChicken than a Rabbet.
And though they have divers other Birds, which I will not forget
I do not remember. ital jee
Now for fifh, though the Iflarid ftands as all Mlands do, invironed
vifion) yet, the Planters are fo good husbands, and tend their profits
fo much, asthey will not {pare a Negroes abfence fo long, as to go to
the Bridge and fetch it. “And the Fi ermen feeing their fihlye upon
their hands, and {tink (whi¢h ‘it will do inlef than fix hours) forbear
they have a mind to feaft thenifelves with fth, to Mr. jobjous,. or
Joan Fullers, where they have it well drefs'd 5 forthey were both my
and {pice, and much of it fryed in
of that, weare fain to ule vine
Planters in the Ifland ; for, havinga Plantation nearthe Sea, he hath
ut Out to Sea, and, twice of thrice 4 week, bring home all forts of fuch
{mall and great fithes, as arenear the fhoar 5 among{t which, fomeare
very large, and excellently well tafted. For, he being a Gentleman,
could not fet his mind {0 earneftly upon his profit, as to forget his ac-
cuftomed lawful pleafures, but would have his Table well farnifh’d,
bid his friends welcomtoit. And I, asthe pooreft ot hisfriends, in a-
ering ficknefS, and neardeath, found fucha charity with him, asI
I never forget to pay my thanks for, tothe laft hour of my life; and |
my power) to beferviceableto him or his, aSany thing that can befall
Pe Reees
36
.|but the fins and tail dapled or fpotted with as pure a hair-colour,
| warm, they are -hatcht in the heat
| bas afar greater body, and larger eyes. He hasa joynt or crevis,about
| his body, from his head to his tail,;on his belly-fide 5 into which joynt
| chat fide, and then doas machto the other 5 then lifting up his belly, |
A True and Exaé Hiffory
Amongit other fifhes that were taken by his Sain , {as the Snap-
pers, red and grey, Cavallos, Macquerels, Mullets, Cony-fith , with
divers others, firmand excellent {weet fihh) he took four , that were
about a yard long at the leaft, all at one draught, and, to that length,
bigger grown than Salmonds, of therareft colour that ever I beheld;
from the back-finn, which is the middle of the fith, to the end of the
tail, the pureft grafle-green that ever I faw, and as fhining as Satin :
and from the back finn to the head, pure hair colour dapled with
green 3 the fcalesas big forthe moft part, as a halfscrowWn piece of
filver. This fithis no fith of prey, but lives by what he finds in the bot-
tom of the Sea, asI perceived by what wasin hismaw. Anexcellent
{weet fith; I dreffed them feveral wayes, and ail proved excellent.
There is one fith wanting to this Ifland , whofe kindes are very fre-
quent upon mott of the Charibby and Lucaick [lands 3 and that is the:
green Turtle, which is the beft food the Sea affords, and the greatett'
ftore of them; butI have feen very few ofthat kind inthe Barbadoes,
aed thofe neither fat nor kindly; and the reafonis, there are no
fhelves nor fands to lay theireggs , orto ayre themfelves on : For,
ehels fithes delight to be on the fands, and can remain there twelve
hours, all the timethe Tyde is out 3 and then fuffer themfelves to be
carried away by the return of the next Tyde. They take infinite
numbers of them, by turning them on their backs with ftaves, where
they lye tillthey are fetchtaway» « Alarge T#rtle will have in herbo-.
half'abufhel ofeggs, which fhe layes in the fand, and that being |
When youare to kill one of thefe filhes, the manner.is, to lay him}
on his back on a table, and when he {ees you come with a knife in
your hand to kill him, he vapours out the grievoufeftfighs, that ever.
you heard any creaturemake, and fhedsaslargetearsas a Stag, chat
an inch within theutmoft edge of his fhell, which goes round about:
or crevis, you put your knife, beginning at the head, and fo rip up |
which we call hisCalipee, we lay open albhis bowels,and taking them |
out, come next to,his heart, which has three diftinct points, but all
mect-above where-the fat is; and ifyoutake it out, pe iay it in a dith,
}it will ir and pant ten hoursafter the fithisdead. Sure , there is no
j cveatureon the Earth, nor in the Seas, that enjoyes life with fo much
| fweetnefs and delight, as this poor fifh the Turtle 5 nor none more de-
| Quelquechofés there aretd be found , that may ferve to furnith out.a|
| Table of fach Viands, as aretheretobehad 5 which are eggs feveral
_| Wayes,o/z. poch’d, and Jaid upon fippetsof bread foak'd in butterand
| jnice oflimes, and fugar, with:plumpt currans ftrewed upon them.
\ Limes and Sugar, a Froize, and a Fanfey 5 Cuftards, as good asany at
licate in tafte; and more nourifbing, than he. . aoe.
_ \Nextto:the fieth and fiththisdland affords, ’tis fit to confider what
aot
and Cloves, Macc, and Cinamon beaten, ftrewed on that,. witha little
falt. Eggs boyl’d and roafted; fryed with-Collops of the far of Pork
well powdered, Buttered eggs, an Amulet ofeggs, withthe juicesof|
my Lord Mayors Table; Cheef-cakes, Puffs, fecond Porrage, which |
2 a : = is
oe ee
of the Iftand of Barbados. BF
jis taken up, as; though we wah it never fo well, yet the grit ¢
{our teeth ; it has a tafte being faltedjalmoft asall.as puit
is cream boyl’dto a height, with yolk of eggs,and feafon'd with fugar,
and fpice, Jelly which we make of the flefhof young pigs, calvesfeet,
and a cock, andisexcellent géod, but muft prefently be eaten, for it
will not laft. Cream alone, and fomie done tveral wayes, of which
there is great variety, having Lemons, Lymes, and Oranges ready at
hand; andfonie wherein we put Plantines, Gnavers and Bonanoes,
ftew’d,or preferv’d with fugar, and the fame fruits alfo preferv’d and
put in difhes by themfelvés, without Cream; and fora whet{tone,to pull
on'acup of wine, we havedryed Neats tongues, brought from new and
old Exgland 3 and from Holland, Weftphalia Bacon,and Caviare;sas alfo
pickl'd Herring,and Macquerel,which we have from new Exgland.and
om Virginia Botargo, of which fort 1 have eaten the beft at Collo-
nel Draxes that ever Itafted. 2
The fruits that this Mland:affords, I have already natiied,and there-
fore it will be needlef$to name them twice; you may take ydur choice,
whether you will have them fet on the Table before:or after meat 5
| they ufe as they doin Italy; ‘to eat them before meat.
The victuals brought from forraign parts are theft, Beef ‘which we
have fiom Hol/and, from Old and New England,Virginia,and fome from
Ruffia; and yet comesto us fweet. Pork from all thefe places, with the
mott forts of falt fifhsas Ling, Haberdinie, Cod, poor John,pickled Mac-
querels,pickled ‘Herrings,all very good. Sturgeon trom New Exgland,
but foill CSctiiae alii ipinslacedistshcesney want the skil both of
boyling and feafoning itsthey firft over-boy] itandtiext over-faleit,and
fo the fith being over tender by boyling, the falt frets and eats upon it
all the way;-forwhen we come toopen it, betng carried: far ftom the
Pickled Turtle, we have from the Leeward Iflands, but {ditncleanly
ordered, a8: we could ‘hardly ‘find in our hearts to eat it s:for they
ther the Saléand Sand together, for haft, upon the land where it
84 tOg gee ickei
have from thetfles of S this kind of food, is only for fervants;
| fometimes the Negrves get a little, butfeldome theone or the other did
eat any Bone meat, at our firlt coming thither: hie; &
But now at my coming away fromthence, it was much better'd, for
by thecare and.good Husbandry of the Planters, there was grea-
ter plenty, both ofthe victuals they were wont’ toveat, as Potatoes,
Bonavitt, Loblolly, as alfoiofthe bone meat, ozs Pork, falt Fith, and
much asthe Neeroes were allowed each man two ‘Macquetels a week,
and every woitian ones which were given out to them on Satutday
_|in theevening, after they had their allowance of Plintines, which was
every dnea large bunch, of two little ones, to fervethent for -aweeks
provifion sand if any cattle dyed by mifchance, or by any difeafe :the
_lfervants eat the bodies; andthe Negroes the skins; head, and intrails |
which was divided amongft them by the Overfeerss or if any horfe, |
| than the whole bodiesof them were diftributed amongit the Negrees,
land that they thought.a high ith which fouls
never poor:
| were niore conténteds andthedfink'rathe fervants with this-dyet,
= : L eas . a Na al i ’
|
ree,
ey
Bridge,and {hak cartiage-there is farce a whole piece,but the
Sturgeon and ena orice & fo-vehemently falt,as I could never |
eat any of it, but at Collonel Wallronds Plantation itis lefs ke
powder'd beef, which came thither by fea, fronrforraign parts, info}
aS eee
Jarded, and feafon’d well with Pepper and Salt : and the
| zifhibacon, dived Neats Tongues, Botargo, pickled Opiters, Caviare,
| Anchoyies;Olives,and (intermixt. with thefe } Cuftards, Creams, {ome
|alone,fome with preferves of Plantines, Bonano, Gnavers, put in, and
\thofe preferv'dialone by them(elves,Cheefe-cakes, Puffes , which are
\tobemade. with Englifh flower, and bread 5.for.the Caflavie will. not
‘Wexvefor this kind of Cookery sometimes Tanfies, fometimes Froizes,
V
; Hele
|Brinkofthe Planting, Claret-wine,;. White-wine, an
A True and Exadé Hiftory
nothing but Asobbie, and {ometimes a little Beveridges but the Negroes
nothing butfair water. And now I think, Thave-given you a juft ac-
count of the victuals that feeds the Mafters,the Servants,and the Slaves
of this I(land : and now you fee the provifion the Iland affords, give
me leave tofhew you vvhat feaftsthey can (vvhen they vvill) make
for their friends, upon their Plantations, vvhich that Imay the-better ,
do, Lvvill make tvvo bills of fare. theone foran Inland Plantation ,
the other for a Plantation near the fea, of {uch meat and fuch plenty of
‘that, as I have feen and eaten: of, at cither.of thofe Plantations; And
for the Inland?Plantation;I will make choice of Collonel Fames Draxes,
at vvhofe TableI have found yvell drefs‘d, thefe follovving meats 5 for
the frtt Courfe- vvhereof there hath been tvvo mefles of meat and both.
equally good, and thisfea{t is alvvayes vvhen he kills abeef, vvhich |
he feeds extreamly fat, giving him a.dozen acres of Bonavilt to go loofe
in; and due timesof vvatering.
| this-he intends as che great Regalios, topwhichyhesinvites his fellow
Dlanter. Pee as he ea ee ie fog
| drefs'd with his Blood and Time, a Kid with.a pudding in his belly ,.a
\fackihg, Pig, which is there the fattett,. shat:
heer a the poynant-fauce of the Brains, Salt, Sage, and Nutmeg
done: wit
Avith Claret-wine,a Shoulder of Mutton which isthere a rare difh,
aPafty of the fide of a young Goat, anda fide of a fat young Shot up-
on it, well feafon’d with Pepper and Salt, and with fome. Nutmeg, |
_|@oyn of. Veal, to which there wants no fauce being fo well furnith’d
with, Oranges, Lemons, and Lymes, three-young Turkiesin-a’ difh,
two Capons, of which fort I have feen fome extream large and very |
fat, tivo Hens with eggsin a difh, four Ducklings, eight Turtle doves , |
three Rabbets ;. and for cold bak’d meats, two et Sie Ducks|—
|, a e being taken
off the Table, another courfeis fet on,and that is of Weffphalia or Spas |
and for fruit, Plantines, Bonanoes, Gnavers, Milions ,|
ptickled Pear,.Anchove Pear, prickled Apple, Cuftard Apple, water
ftlions,-and Pines worth.all that-went before. To this meat |
dom fail. of this drink, ,Mobbie, Beveridge. , plaids a3 Kill-Devil . ee
Benen,
|
He iia: erry, | .
of tbe Ifland of Barbados. ee 39
Sherry, Canary,Red fack,wine of Fiall,with all Spirits that come from
England 5 and with all this,you fhall find as chearful a look,and as hearty
a welcome, asany man can give tohisbeft friends. And fo much for
a Feaft ofan inland Plantation. 7 7 |
Now for a Plantation near the Sea, which {hall be Collonel Wal-
rond’s, he being the beftfeated for aFealt, of anyI know : Imatt fay
this, that though he be wanting in the firft Courfe, which is Beefs
yet, it:wilbbe plentifully fipplyed in the Jaft, whictris Fiths and that “|
the other wants. And though Colloriel We/rond, have noe that infinite |. tke |
| ftore of the provifions Collonel Drax abounds in’, yet, he is not wan-
ting in all the kindshe has, unle®& itbe Sheep, Goats, and Beef, and
fo forall the fortsofmeats, that are in my Bill of Fare, in Gollonel
Drax his feaft,. you fhall find the fame in Collonel Walronds, except
thefe three, and thefeare fupplyed withall thefe forts of fifh I fhall
jmame, to wit; Atvilets, Macquerels, Rarratyfifh; Snappers, red and grey,
Cavallos, Terbums, Crabs, Lobjters,and Cony fifh, with divers {ortsmote,|
for which we have no names, And having thele rare kinds of fithes,
-twerea vain fuperfluity, to make ule of all thofe difhes I have named
before, but only. fuch asfhall ferve to fill up the Table; and when he
| has the ordering it, you mutt expect to have'it excellent; his fancy
and contrivance of a Feaft, being as far beyond any mans there, as the.
place where he dwells is better cituate; for fuch aipurpofe. And his
| Land touching the Seas his Houfe bei not_halfa quarter of a mile
Be fons Sed
Pe eo Lite pn it “
40 A True and Exaté Hiffory
Sor a ae AE Sk ES eee ‘
: imagine, what advantage Collonel Walrond has, of any inland Planta-
tion, having thefe materials, which are the main Regalia’s in a Feaft, |
and his own contrivance to boot, befides all I have formerly. nam‘d,
concerning raw and preferv’d fruits, with all the ‘other Quelquechojfes.
And thus tiuch I thought good to fay for the honour of the Iiland ,
whichisno more than truth; becaufe I have heard it fleighted by fome,
that feent’d toknow much of it.
Commodi About a hundred fail of Ships yearly vifit this Ifland, and receive,
[ties Expor-| during thetime of theirftay in the Harbouts, for their fuftenance, the
ae native Vidtuals orowing in the Ifland, fuch as I have already nanfed 5
befides what they carry away, and what is carried away by Planters
ofthe Ife, that vifit other parts of the world. The commodities this
Ifland trades in, are Indico, Cotton-wool, Tobacco, Sugar, Ginger 5 and |
F ultick-wood. ;
Commodi. | ‘Che Commodities thef Ships bring to this Ifland, are, Servants and |
ties Impor-| Slaves, both men and womens Horfes, Cattle, Affinagoes, Camels, Uten-
ted, fils for boy ling Sugar as, Coppers T. aches,Goudges,and Sockets 5 all manner
of working tooles for Tradefmen, as, Carpenters, Foyners, Smiths, Ma-
| fons, will-wr ights, Wheeb-wrights, T: inkers, Coopers, &c. Iron, Steel,Lead,
| Brafi, Pewter, Cloth of all kinds, both Liznen and Woollen 5 Stuffs;Hats,
Hoje, Shoves, Gloves, Swords, Knives, Locks, Keys, &c. Viduals of all
kinds, that willendurethe Sea, in fo longa voyage. Olives, Capers,
Anchdvies, falted Flefh and Fifh, pickled Macquerels and Herrings, Wine
Anletetttcninr gt ea
7 “eh of all forts, and the boon Beer, a .Ameleterres = |
: What Buil-| Thad it in my thought before {came there, what kind of Buildings
dings we | would be fit for a Country, that was fo much troubled with heat, as
found at Hr | Thave heard this wassand did expect to find thick walls, high roofs, and
firft coming deep cellerss but found neither the one nor theothet , but clean con-
Ifland: trary’; timber houfes, with low roofs, fo low, as for the moft part of
| them, Icould hardly ftand upright with my hat on, and no cellars at
| alls ‘befides, another courfe they took, which was more wonder to me |
than all thats which was, ftopping, orbarring out the wind, which
fiould give them the greate{t comfort, when they were neer ftifled
with heat. For, the wind blowing alwayes one way, which was Eaft-
wardly, ‘they fhould have made all the openings they could to the
Eaft, thereby ‘to let in the cool breezes, torefrefhthem when thelieat
of the day came, ‘But they, clean contrary, clofed up all their houfesto
ee
wie ntetinas. wet
e Ea ‘all tothe Weft; fothat inthe afternoons, when
the Suncame tothe Weft, thof little low roofed rooms were like
~_| Stoves, or heated Ovens. And truly, ima'very hot day, it might raife
a doubt, whether fo much heat without, and fo much Tobacco and
»kill-devil within, might nottet the houfe a fire 5 for thefe three in-
gredients are ftrdng miotives to provoke it, and they were ever
aii
apap : Bs
“But at laftI foutid by them, the teaforisof this ftrange prepofterous |
inafiner of building, whichwasgrounded upon the weakeft and filli-
eft foundation that could be ¢ Forthey-alledged, that at thetimes of
tdin, which was very ‘often, the wind drave the rain in at their
windows f6faft, asthe houfes within were much annoyed with it 5
i having no glaG to keep it lout, they ‘could feldom ft orl ye dry +
\and {6 bemgconftrained to keep out the air on thatfide, for fear of
ae in the ‘waters would‘open the Weft ends of their houfés {6
" e sen Rsamee se ieay ere een one qaponsal * | Wide’ |
s
of the 1 land of Barbadoes.
wide, { 4s was beyond the proportion of windows to repair that |
want) and fo let in thefire 5 not confidering at all, that there was {uch
a thing as (hutters for windows, to: keep out the rain that hurt them,
rand let in the wind to refrefh them, and do them good at their plea-
fure. But this was a confideration Jaid afide: by. all, or the’ mot
part of the meaner fort of Planters.) But at lat I. found the true
‘reafon, wastheir poverty and indigence, which wanted the means
tomake fuchconveniences; and fo, being compelled by that , had
_} rather fufter painfully, and patiently abide this. inconvenience, than
fell or part with any of their goods, to preverit-fo great a mifchief :
So loath. posr people are to part with that, which is their next
immediate help, to fupport them in their great» want of fuftenance.
For, at that lock they often were; and fome good Planters too, that
far'd very hard, when we came firft into the Iflands,- So that hard la
‘bour, and want of viduals, had fo much deprefs‘d their {pirits, ias they
| Werecome-to a declining and_ yielding conditior. ., Nor can this-be
called flothfulnefs or {luggithnefs in: them, as fome,wilihave it; buta
decay of their fpirits, bylong and tedious hard labour, fleight feeding,
and i) lodging, which isable to wear out and quell the beft (pirit of the
world... EOF to tiosig ve 7
| _ The Loca/tis a tree of fuch a growth, both forlength and bigness,
| = may ferve for beams ina very large room : I have feen many of
t ut DOdIes are aDOV J
the {tem or body, three foot and half The timber of this tree is. a
hard clofefubitance, heavy', but firm, and not apt to bend, fome:
fo brittle. -
The Bully-treewwants fomething of theol, of thefe,
but in his other qualities goes beyond either 5. for;-he is full out asla-
The Redwood and prickled yellow wood, good for pofts or beams,and are
lighter than the Lecn{? 5 both are.accounted very lafting, and good for
building. © The Cedaris, -without.controul:, the beft of alls. but,by
}rea{on it works {mooth, and looks beautiful, we ufe it. moft in Wain-
{cor, Tables, and Stools. Other timber w€ have, asthe Jron+mood,and.
another fort, which areexcellent good to endure wet and dry; and
ofthofe:we make Shingles, which being fuch a kind of wood, .as will
not warp nor rive, are the beft coverings for a houfe that cau be, . full
out as good.as Files, andlyelighterupontheRafters. . . ..
«We have two forts .of Stone , and. either will. ferve iridifferently
well id, building : The one we find on fides of {mall Hills, and it lyes
ds oursdo inExg/land, in Quarries; but they are very {mall , rough,
and ill fhaped, fome of them ‘porous, like Honey combes; but being
dry, thatI have (een; and)by the help of this ; we make thebetter
fhift with our ill fhap’d ftone 5, for this lime binds it faft together, and
keeps it firm toendure the weather: _ Other Stone we have, which we
find in great Rocks, and maflie piecesin the ground, but {0 foft , as
the means of cutting it with two-handed Sawes, which being hard,
we could not fo eafily do, and the eafinefs caufes the expedition; for
ove fifty foot high, the diameter of | #
what hard fortooles tocut 5/ brittle, but Jafting., asaftick, not alto- A
ether BE he, but ofa tougher fubftance, and, not accdunted |,
| fting, a (trong, butnot fo heavy,. nor fo hard fortooles to work. | Timber,
burnt, they makcexcellent Lyme, the whitcft and. firmeft when. ’tis |
_ | with your ya you may bore a hole intoit 5 and this fofthefs givesus :
’ eS La
by that, wethe more fpeedily fit es our walls, taking a sis aaa
| * 0: e"9¢
a eee 7
Stine fit fe
Building: \
J 5 ne
Pe ae SS lad del cucie-)
a gh a eee eS
Ie ee El ic 2 SD eee Oe a ee ee Se Oe. re b ee
3 5 ; ‘ = - By
o
fa
A True and Exatt Hiftory
of thewalls, and cutting it accordingly 5 forhar we need: very little
hew-ng,.: This ftone, as we cutitm the quarry, is no harder thanor-
| dinary morter., “but-being fet-outom the weather , by: pieces as. we
cut it; grows indifferently hard, and ts able!-to bear albrthe -weight
‘that lyés onit , ‘and the longer it lyes, the harder it grows. Many
effayes we made} whilft Iwag@here; for themaking: and -burning of
bricks, ‘but never’could attain tothe perfection of it 5 and the reafon
was,. the over fatne(softhe clay , which would alwayes crackle and
break,° when it félethe gteat heat of the: firein.the Clampes and by
tryalsy> There wasan ingenious few uponthel fland, whofename was
| Solomon, that undertook to teach the making of: it 5 yet for all-that,
| whenitcame'to thétouch hisiwifdom ‘failed , and we were deceived
in owrexpéétation) Edoubtnot but there isa way of tempering, to
| makevitefar better than ours 'in'Exgland 5 forthe pots which we findin
thelfland, wherein the Indians boy!'d their Pork, were ofthe fame
kind of Clay, and they*were the beft and, fineft temper'd ware of
earth that ever I faws! “If we could find: thetrue temper of it, a great
advantage dhightbelfiiide totheHlands forthe air being moift , the
ftones often {weat, and by their moifture rot the timbers they touch,
4 | whichicto:prevent we cover the ends of our beams: and girders with
> : | boards; pitch’d orrboth: fides; : but the walls, being made of bricks, or
‘et | butlin’d.with brick! would be much the: wWholefomer; and befides
“| keepour wainlcot from rotting-tip Hangings we
"ing poyl'd by Ants; and eaten.by the Cock , and R:
Poh] ofthe Blauters that meant to handfom them houfes, were minded to}
.. |fendfor gilt eather , and’ hang their rooms with that, which they ;
. | were thore than per{waded thofe vermine would not eat , and inthat
(oa | relolution left thea * “> forced 509 sstiegp aoe re!
‘her | sloGarpenters, and Mafons, were newly Comeupon t sand fome
| fuch as:could' draw a |
remot. ule; for be-
1es, and Rats, yet fome
Leubr
BS i fe TA. ~ 5
: qf 1 fame
ofithefe very great’ Maftersin their Art ::and
aid! p Re the -defiga they framed’ with ‘great diligence, and.
¢'5-Windows , and» Chiitineyspeecess,
beautific the tops of their
be.many,-for though the: Planters talk of building Houfes, and with
them up, yerswhen they weigh the want ofthof hands in :theirfugar
work, that muft be employed in'theit building , they fall back, and
pas on their confidering caps. ‘Idrew out at leaft twenty p when
bat two ofthenru’’d, one by Captain Midleton , and one by Captain
Standfaft, and thofe were the two beft houfes , I left finift’d inthe
unlef§ the houfebe fet on the fide ofa Hills for though the air be moift.
above, yet I found itby experience much moilter under: ground ; fo
grow. mouldy, ahd rotten ’s and if for coolnefs you think to keep any
no iteans couldwefind the true:temper of it’) though we made often |
very! prettily; but not many of thofe, nor isit needful thatthere fhould |
Ilimd when Iéaineaway. ‘Cellais I would not make under ground, |
that no moift thing can beYerthere , but it-wall:m a very fhort time}
d
came firft into the lands which they all ik’d well enough; and yet} .
taw: fleth, it’ willimach fooner'taint there; than being hung up ima} —
garret; where théSun continually thines upon. Nay the pipe-ftaves | —
hoops, and heads of bartels, and hogfheads, will grow mouldy and rot |
ten: Paveméntsand foundations of brickswould much helpthis with
“TET were to build ahoufe formy’ felf in that place, I would have} —
3 10 ; } ; a s
- ssn soo cL Sea it =:
\ ee eg ee, yr a ae coe | BRAS ee
Ris : Fey Bae
of the\ Iftand of Barbadoes..
@ third part of my building to be ofan Eaft and Weft line.and the other
two thirds to crofs that,at the Weft end ¢ in'a North and South litiesaidl
this latterto bea {tory higher’ than that ofthe Eaft-and Wet line,"
that at four a clock in the afternoon, the higher buildings will bepin'to
fhade'the other, and.{o'afford more and more thade:t6 my Ealt and
_ | Welt building 'till night sand not only tothe houfe, bat to all the wal kes
_j that I make on either fide that building,and then I would taifé my foun-
_}dation of that part of my houlé wherein ttiy belt roomswere three foot
fabove grounds leaving it hollow underneath for Ventidués , which
T would have come into every room in the houfé, and by that rii@atis
{lacken, a‘cdol fhadefrom’ my’ Northaid South building, both which
are greatreftethings, in hot Countreys: and according to this Model,
Idrew many plots, of feveral fizes and contrivances, butthey did not
or would not uiiderftand them : at laftl'gtew weary of eafting {tones
againft the wind, and fo gave‘over: © Oo pEgHLIG SORT. qe
It were fomewhat difficult , to give you"an exahecount , of the
hnumber of perfonsupon theTiland 5 there being fuch ftore of fhipping
that brings paflengers dafly to the place; ~but it has' been conjectur'd,
+ by thofe that are long acquainted, and. beft feenin ‘the knowledge'of
‘|theliland’, that there até norleG that’ Jo thoufand fouls, befidés Ne-
eroess atid | ome ofthem who began upon {inall fortunes, are now rifen
to very great and waleettdtes. "7" Say east Meshacend oF15)
The Ifland ts divided ittto three forts ofinen, viz: Matters, Servants,
| vants, whoare ,
‘|fland. * So that for thetime, the ervants hav
they are:put'to very’ hard fabour,’ il lodgings (
fleight). Wien we came firft on the Ifland, fomé Planters’ thém-’
|felves did not eat bone meat, ‘above twice’ a week’: the reft of the
| bone meat at all, unlefsan Oxe dyed : and ‘thent
“ Cehchee bs az ed
| complains for’tisa food they take great delight in; ‘and their manner
| of dref fing, atid eating it; is this : ‘tis gathered for'them ( fomewhat
| before it be ripe, for fo they defire to havéit,) ‘upon Saturday; by the |
you fhall feel the cool breeze'all the day,and in the evening,whenthey |
|feven dayes, ‘Potatoes, Edblolly, and Bonavitt: _ Butthe ervalieitie|
is
= > a
: {
43
a
|
4
ber and na~
ture of the
Inhabitants.
q
f
‘
4
’
A Trne and Exa Hiftory
44,
on theit heads, every bunch twice/as big as their heads, all coming
in a train one after another, the black and green fo well becoming
one another. | Having brought this fruit home to their own houfes,
and pilling off the skin of fo much asthey will ufe , they boyl it ‘in
water, making itinto balls, and fo they eatit. One bunch a week is |
a Negroe’sallowance. Tothis, no bread nor drink, but water: Their
lodging atnight aboard, with nothing under, norany thing a topof
them. They are happy people, whom{o littlecontents. Very good
fervants, if they be not {poyled by the Englijh. But more of them
hereafter, a; rex : —
As forthe ufage of the Servants, it ismuch as the Mafter 1s 5 merci-
ful or cruel 5. Thofe that are merciful, treat their Servants well , both
in their meat, drink, and lodging, and givethem fuch work, as is not’
unfit for Chriftians todo, But if the Mafters be cruel, the Servants
have very wearifome and miferable lives. , Upon the arrival of any
thip, that brings fervants to the Ifland, the Planters goaboard ; and ha-
ving bought fuch, of them asthey like , fend them with a guid to his
Plantation ; and being. come, commands them inftantly to make their
cabins, which they not knowing howto do, are to be advifed by
other oftheir fervants, that arethéir Seniors ;, but, if they be churlith,
and will not fhevv them, or if materials bevvanting, to make them
Cabins, then they are to lye onthe ground that night. Thefe Cabins
are to be made of fticks, vviths, and Plantine leaves, under fome little
thade that may keep the rain off 5. Their fuppers being a fevv Potatoes
{for meat, and vvater or Mobbie for drink. _The next day they are rung ,
| out with a Bell to work, atfixa clock in the morning, with a fevere
Overfecrto command them, till the Bell ring again, whichisat eleven
rung out again to the field, there to work till fix, and then home a-
through, they have no fhift, but muft lyefo all night. If they put off
| think one Chriftian could have donetoanother. But, as dif¢reeter and.
jand drawers, whichisall the clothsthey wear, andare fed with bone
| meat twice or thrice a week. Collonel Walrond feeing his {ervants when
| they came home, toyled with their labour , and wet through with]
aclock 3 and thenthey return, and are fet to dinner, either with a
mes of Lob-lolly, .Bonavift, or Potatoes, At one a clock; they are
in,.to-afupperofthe fame. And ifit chancetorain, and wet them.
their cloaths, the cold of the night will {trike into them; and ifthey be
not {trong men, this ill lodging wili put. them intoa ficknefs : if they
|complain, they are beaten by the Overfeer 5 if they refift, their timeis
doubled, I have feen an Overfeer beat a Servant with a cane about
the head, till the blood hasfollowed, for a fault that isnot wotth the |
fpeaking of; and yet he muft have patience , or worle will follow: |
Truly, I have feen fuch cruelty there done to Servants, as I did not
better nattr'd men have comé to rule there, the fervants lives have
been much bettered 5 fornow, moft of the fervants lie in Hamocks ,
andin warm rooms, and when they comein wet, have fhift of thirts
their fweating , thought that flufting of their linen not fufficient re-
frefhing, nor warmth for their bodies, their pores being much opened |
by them fweating; and therefore refolved to fend into Exgland for
tug Gowns, fiich as poor people wear in Hofpitals, that fo when
oe
| cold takenthere, is Harder t6 be recovered, than in Exgland, by how
}med to it. But this cate and charity df Collonel Walrond’s, loft him
|of'a Tobacto-pipe, being Knockt out againfta dry ftump of, a tree,
| revenge thenifelves upon them.
. | amongft them, ds the like was never feen there before. Their fuffe-
“of the Hind of Barbadoes,
45
they had thifted themifelves, they might put on thofe Gowns, and lye
down and teft them intheir Hamocks : For the Hamocks being but
thin, and they having nothing on but Shittsand Drawers, when they
awak’d cut of theirfleeps, they found themfelves very cold; and a
mtich the body is infeebled by the gréat toyl, and the Sun’s heat ,
‘which cannot but very much exhduft the fpirits 6f bodies unacctfto-
et in the coriclufion’s ‘for, he got fuch love’ of his fervants, as
they thought all too little they could dd for him; and the love of the
fervatits there, is of mich cdnceriiment to the Mafters , not only in
theit diligent and painful labour, but iti fore-feeig And preventing
mifchiefs that often happen ; by thé catelefinefs and flothfulnefs o
tetchlefs fetvants; fomerimies by laying fire fo negligently, 4s whole
tands of Canes and Houfes too, aré burnt down and confumed, to the
utter ruine sind undoing of their Mafters : For, the thaterial3* there
being all conbuftible, and pt to take fire, a litrleovetfight, as the fire
af a land of Canes be
burnt; the dne, Mr. fares Holduppe, the other, Mr. Con tantine Sil-
vefter : And the latter had not only his Canes,but hits houfe burnt down
tothe ground, This, and much more mifchiefhas been done, by the
ivence arid wilfulnefs of fervants. And yet forte cruel. Matters
Will provoke their Servaiits {o, by extteam ill ufage , and often and
cruel beating them, a8 they grow defperate, and {6 joyn together to
_Ailittle before i came fromitlience, thete was fach 4 ee
ings being grown to a great height,and their daily complainings to one
another (of the intolerable burdens they Jabour'd under ) bein
Jit, ordye in the a@ ; and {0 confpired with fomie others of their ac*
| qnaintance, whofe fufferings were equal, if riot above theirs; and
as ee
read thrdughout the Ifland; at the laft, forhe amiongft them, whofe
Fee vetca able vente ack ts ry, refolved to break through
" *
*
their
f 4 :
:
—— a
46
| Juttice Hetherfall (whofe feryant this was ) fending Lettefs to all his
ee 5, by examination, found out the greateft part of them 5
| firlt leaders and contrivers of the plot , were put to death, for exam+
[pleito the reft., . And the reafon why they made examples of fo many, |
was, they found thele fo haughty in their refolutions , and fo incor-
H < ‘ipepia PIE STF
Negroes:
A Tine and Exatt Hiftory
: oer
their
tented party into this plot, as poflibly they could; and thofe of this
es 7
threats, and by.that means, to make themfelves only freemen , but
Matters of theIfland. And foclofely was this plot carried, as nodif{-
covery was made, till the day.before they wereto putit in at: And
thenone of them, either by.the failing of his courage, or fome new
Sprite no way inferiéur,, refolved to draw as many of the difcon- |
n, werethe greateft numbers of Servants ia the I{land. So.
| that aday was appointed to fall upon their Maftérs, and cut all their}
‘obligation from the love of his Matter, revealed this long plotted con-}
{piracy and {fo by this timely advertifement, the Mafters were faved:
friends, and. they, to theirs, and fo one to another, till they were all fe+
whereof eighteen of the principal men in the confpiracy, and they the
ike enough to become Actors in a fecond plot ;|
rigible, ~ asthey, were. li
nd ZY t 20
ot
ood to fecurethem 5 aad for thereft, to have a
=f Les
on the Chriftians, thereby ifelvés , and become
Our men,.an hearing their Gun-fhot , ( t an. Which nothing is moré
ee omnes . their {pirits are rane fo low a condition 5
ges, and by that means, one of them underftands mot-anothet - For,
chantsfendthem.. ._—_. | oS ahr
_~When they are brought to ts, the Plantets buy them out.of the
Ship, where they find them ftark naked, and therefor e ‘cannot be dé
ceived inany outward infirmity. They choofe them as they-do Horfes
the greateft prices. Thirty potind fterling is 4 price for the beft
manNegroe ; and twenty five, twenty fix, or twenty feven pound for
a Woman; the Childien are at edfier tates: And we buy them fo, as
ina, t; the throngett youthftlleft, and moft beautiful ,. yield
the| |
2
rf
,.
~j had an excellent Negro in the Plantation ; whofe name was Azécow ,
.
4
detiined het for, toldhim plainly , that ifhe hang’d het , He bim@if}
= 2 ee .
Wives, and above that nuniber they {élddm gd ¢ But no wortanisal-
ye mes aap end
~ At the tiniest
fions they have, in their little houfes,) and none above whic =
cad Z N 2 gan
3 the wife'is té be brought a bed, het Husband rethoves|
his board, (whichis his bed) to another room (for many feveral divi”
—
——
48
A Trne tnd Exal Hiffory
, a his wife to God, and her good fortune, i theroom, and
upon the board alone, and calls a neighbour to come to her, who
gives little help to her delivery, but when the child is born, (which
the calls her Pickaninny) fhe helps to make a little fire neat her feet,
and that ferves inftead of Poffets, Broaths, and Caudles. In a fort-
night,. this woman is at work with her Pickaninny at her back, as
merry a foul as any is there = If the Overfeet be difcreet , the is
fuffer'd to reft her felf a little more than ordiitary 5 but if not, the is
compelled to do as others do. Times they have of fackling theif }
Children in the fields, and refrefhing themfelves 5 and good reafon, for
they carry burthens on their backs and yet work too. Some wonien,
whofe Pickaninniesare three years old, will, as they work at weed-
ing, whichis a ftodping work,fuffer the hee Pickaninny, to fita ftride
upon their backs , like St. George a Horfe-back ; and there Spur his
mother with his heels, and fings and crows on her back, ‘clapping
his hands, as if he meant to flye; whichthe mother is {6 pleas'd with,
as fhe continues her painful {téoping pofture, longer than fhe would
do, rather than difcompofe bee joel Pickaninny of his pleafure ,
| fo glad the isto fee him merry, The work which the women do, is
* spe it vveeding, aftooping and painful Vvork ; atrioon and night
ey are-call’d home by the ring of aBell,vvhere they have tvvo hours
time for theirrepaft at noon; and at night, they reft fof fix, till fix|
a Clock next morning. : : i aaa
On Sunday they reft,and have the vvhole day aetheir pleaftre; and
the moft of th eee Wea yt beth baa 3 but fome of them
| vvho vvill make benefit of that dayes liberty , go vvhete the Man-
grave trees gtovy, and gather the batk, of vvhich they make
ropes ,. vvhich they truck a¥vay. fot other Commodities, as Shirts |
and Dravvers.. ae | amit
_In the afternoons on Sumdayes , they have their Miilick , which
is of Kettle drumis, and thofe of feveral fizes; upon the eft the
beftMufitian playes, andthe other come in as Chorafles : the drumall
taen. know, has But one tone 5, and therefore variety of tunes have little
to doin this mufick 5 and yet fo ftrangely they varie thei¢ time, as “tis
| a pleafure to the mioft curious edrs,, and it was to me one of the ftran-
| gelt noifesthat ever [heard rhade of on€ tones and if they had the
variety oftune, which gives the greater {Cope in Mufick, as they have
= oftime, they would do wondetsin that Art. Andif I had not faln
fick before my coming away, at leaft feven months in one fick«
| hefs,, I had given them fome hints of times, which beng under:
ftood, would have ferv’d asa great addition to theit 3
fot time without tune , is not an eighth part of the Science of
Mulick. LaTE.
I found Aacow vety apt for it of hithfelf, and otie day coming
into the houfe, (which none of the Negroes ufe to do, unlefs an Off
cer, as he was,) he found me playing on a Theorbo , ape finging to
|: it; which he hearkened very attetttively to; and when I hdd done;
he tcok the Theorbo in his hand, and ftrook one ftring, ftopping it by
degrees uponevery fret, and finding the notes to yarie,. till it came to
the body of the inftrument ; and that the nearer the body of thein-
. {trument
Oe
-
| amen
| of the Iflend of Barbados. | -
{trunient he ftdpt, the fmaller or higher the found was, which he found |
was by the fhortning of the ftring, confidered with himfelf, how he
might make fome tryal ofthis experiment upon fuch an inftrument as,
hecould come by 5 havingno hope ever to have any inftrument of
this kindto practiceon, In a day or two after, walking in the Plan-
tine grove, to tefrefh mein that cool fhade, and to delight my felf
with the fight of thofe plants, whichare fo beautiful , as though they
left a frefh impreffion inme when I parted withthem, yet upon.a re-
view, fomething is difcern’d itt their beauty more than I remem-
bred at parting : which caufed me to make often repair thither; I
found this Negro (whofe office it was to attend there). being the keep-
er of that grove, ficting onthe ground, and before hima picce of large
| timber, upon which he had laid'crofs, fix Billets, and having a hand-
faw and a hatchet by him, would cut the: billets by little and_little,
till he had brought them'tothe tunes, he would fit them to; for the
fhorter they weré, the higher the Notes,which he tryed by knocking
pon the ends of them with a ftick, which he hadin his hand.. When
T found him at it, I took the ftick out of his hand, .and tryed. the
ble, and 'by that mearis I was compell’d:to-make traverfes,up and down
| in'the wood and was by that in danger to mifs ofthe point, to which
I was to make my paflage tothe Chtrch,and therefore was fain to take
a Compa with the,which was.a Citcumf stomake my trayerfes
the more exa@,and indeed without which,it could not be done,fetting
up the Circumferenter,: and’obferving the Needle: This Negre Sambo
| coities to me} and (eeing theneedle wag,. defired to. know. thereafon
| ofits ftitrring;-and whether it were alive : E told him no, but it {toad
upon a point, and forawhileit would ftir, but by and by ftand.ftill ,
| which he obletv'darid founditto betmes) <3 eee epee
| ; ;
‘ ' bi ¥ : = le -
oe ei ee
é >
of the Ifland of Barbadoes.
What their other opinions arein matter of Religion, I know nots
but certainly, they are not altogether of the fect of the Sadduces :
For, they believe a Refurrection, and that they fhall go into their
own Countrey again, and have their youth renewed. And lodging this
-opinion in their hearts, they make it an ordinary pradtice, upon
oH sreat fright , or threatning of their Mafters, to hang them-
elves, —
this way, and ina very little time, caufed one of theit heads to becut
caufed all his Negroes ¢6 come forth, and march round about this head,
and bid them look on it, whether this were not the head of fuch
_| am nethat hang’d himfelf ~Whichthey acknowledging, he thentold
them, That they were in a main errour, in thinking they went into
their own Countreys, after they were dead 5 for, this mans head was
here, as they all were witneffes of; and how wasit poffible, the body
could go without ahead. Being convinc'd by thisfad, yet lively fpe-
éacle, they changed their opinions; and after that , no more hanged
‘themfelves. pe pe 2
~~ When they are fick, there are two remedies that cure them; the
one, an outward, theother, aninward medicine. The outward me-
dicine isa thing they call Negro-oyle , and’tismadein Barbary, yellow
it is as Bees wax, but foft as butter. When a. feel themifelvesill,
they call forfomeofthat, and annoint their bodies, as their breatts,
bellies, and fides, and intwo dayesthey are perfectly well. But this
| does the greateft cures tipon poo haps Bik, 9 or ftrains in’ their
bodies. The inward medicine is taken, when they find any weaknefs
devilrevives and comforts them much. :
Thave been very {trict in obferving the fhapes of thefe peoples and
for the men, they are very well tinber’d, that is, broad between the
fhoulders, fall breafted, well filletted,-and clean: leg'd and may hold
good. with Albert Durers rules,who allowes twice the length of the head,
to the breadth of the fhoulders 5 and twice the length of the f. ace,to the
breadth of thehips, and according to this rule thefe men are fhap’
But the wonien not ; for the fame great Mafter of Proportions , allowes
‘toeach woman, twice the dcagth of'the face to the breadth of the
of her own Read to the breadth ofthe
he reafon
But Colionel Walrond having loft thtee or four of his beft Negroes |
off , and {etupona pole a dozen foot highs and having done that ,|
or decay in their fpirits and ftomachs, ‘and thena dram or two of kell- |
ar “And inthat, thefe women are faulty 5 forlhave feen very few |
ofthem, whofe hips have been broader than their fhoulders, untefs
A True and ExaG Hiftory
Children, when they are firft born, have the palms of their hands and
the foles of their feet, of a whitifh colour, and the fight of their eyes.
they grow older, they become black. aa
heir way of reckoning their ages, or any other notable accident
time of their Childrens births, the time they wete brought out of
their own Countrey, or the time of their being taken Prifoners , by
{ome Prince or Potentate of their own Country , or any other noto-
rious accidents, that they are refolved to remember, they account by
fince another 5 and thisaccount they keep as long as they can : Butif
any of themlive long, their Arithmetick fails them, and then they are
ata dead fault, and fo giveover the chafe, wanting the skill to hunt
counter. For what can poor people do, that are without Letters and
Numbers, whichis the foul of all bufinefs that is adted by Mortals,upon
the Globe of this World... _ a , .
meof them, who have been bred up amongft the Portucals ,
have fome extraordinary qualities, which the others have not; as
firiging arid fencing. Ihave feen fome of thefe Portugal Negroes, at
Gollonel James Draxes , play at Rapier and Dagger very skilfully ,
with their Stookados, their Imbrocados, and their Pafles: And weft:
gle Rapier too, after the manner of Charanza , with fith comelinc&: ;
$=
as, if-theskill. had been wanting ; the motions would have pleafed
with their points, and nimble and fubtle avoidings with their bodies,
| and the advantages the ftrongeft man had in the clofe, which the other
avoided by thenimblenefs and skilfulnefs. of his motion. - Fér, in this
Science, Ihad been fo well vers’din my youth, asI was now able to be
Anes etel
J as
commanding look, asifthey meant both to conquer 5 and coming near
of a blewifh colour, not unlike the eyes of a young Kitling ; but, as|
they would remember, isby the Moon-; and {0 accounting from the |
the Moon 5 as, fo many Moonsfince one of thefe, and fo many Moons |
you; but they were skilful too, which I perceived by their binding |
competent Judge. Upon their firft appearance upon the Sta e, they |
march towards one another, with.a flow majeftick pace, and a bold |:
together, they fhake hands, and embrace one another, with 4 chearfil
look: But their retreat ismuch quicker than their advance, and, being
at firft diftance,change their countenance,and put themielves into their
pofture 5 and fo after a pafsor two, retire, and then to’t again: And
when they have done their play, they embrace, fhake hahds,and put-
ting’ on their fmoother countenances, give their refpects to their Matter,
and fogooff, For their Singing, I cannot much commend that, having
heard fo good in Europe; but for their Voices, I have heard many of|
them very loud and fweet. — : :
4
|Gollonel Drax (who was not fo firid an obferver of Sundayes, as to deny
: ot fome of his
beft {wimming Negroes, commanded themtofwim and take this Duck 5)
but forbad them to dive, forif they were not bar’d that play, they
_ | would rife up under the Duck, and take her as the fivorne, of
meet herinher diving, and fo the {port would have too quick an end.
Fr | .
and have her put into his largeft Pond, and calling *
ut.
-. Excellent Swimmers and Divers they are; both meh and women, =
}-himfelf lawful recreations) would {umetimes, to fhew me fpott, upon}
{that day in the afternoon, fend fot one of the pe yl Ducks , :
4
lever be vvip'd off, asof their cruelties vvhen they have advantages,
— amongftthem, fentforthree-or four of the beft of them, and defir'd
\ving the diverfities, of their fvvimmings, a Negro maid, vvho vvasnot.
|there at the beginning of the fport, and therefore heard nothing of
lwas at one end of the Pond, and clofely funk down into the wa-
lfromher. But the trick being fo finely and fo clofely done, t beg’d
j that the Duck might be gus her again, which wasgranted, and the
{quently planted, as to affordthem enough. So that fome of the high’
tto know why they refus’d this favour that was offer'd them; but
: = s
FO ec See “
‘ A
of the Iftand of Barbadoes.
' but that play being forbidden,the duck would make them good fport,
for they are {tronger Ducks, and better Divers by far than ours : and
in this chafe, there was much of pleafure, to fee the various {wim
mings of the Negroes fome the ordinary wayes, upon their bellies,
fome on their backs ,fome by friking out their right leg and left
arm, andthen turning onthe other fide, and changing both their
legandarm, which is aftronger and fwifter way of fwimming , than
afy of the othets : and while vve vvere feeing this {port , and obfer-
the forbidding themto dive, put offher peticoat behind a buth, that
tet, and at one diving got to the Duck, pull’d her under water,
atid went back again the fame way fhe came to the bufh,all at one dive:
Weall thought the Duék had div’d : and expected her appearance
above water, but aothing could be feen, till the fubtilry was difco-
vered, by 4 Chriftian that faw her goin, and fo the duck was taken
young girlemuch pleafé segs
" ‘Though there bea mark fetupon thefe people, which will hardly
and oftheir fearfulne& and falfenefs5 yet norule fo general but hath
his acception : forI believe, and I have ftrong motivesto caufe mie to
be of that perfvvafion, that there are as honelt, faithful, and confcio-
t f opie mongftth 1, as an {t th feof Ex = 1, OF ny y other r
pet his He
sich sic
Joake Yt Ml aac
part of the vvorld. enter seg
= ct acrined =
- A hint of this, I vvill give you ina lively exantiple ; celal My nied: <
- l#imevvhen Vidtuals vvere fcarce, and Plantins vvere not then fo fre+
fpirited and turbulent among{t them,began to mutiny, and had a plot,
ecretly to be reveng'd on their Mafter 5 and oneor two of thefe were
Fitemen that made the fires inthe furnaces, who were never without
ftore of dry wood by them. Thefe villains, were refolvedto make
firetofuch part of the boyling-houle, as they were fure would/irethe |
reft, and GG tit all, and yet feem ignorant of the fact, as a thing done
by accident. But thisplot was difcovered, by fome of the others
who hated mifchief,as much as they lov‘d it 5 and.fotradue’d them to}
their Mafter, and brought in fo many witnefles againft them , as they
were forc'd to confefs , what they meant fhould have been put in act
the next night : fo giving them condign punifhment, the Mafter gave
order to the overteer that the reft fhould have a dayes liberty to
themfélves.and their wives, todo what they would 5 and withall to
allow them a double proportion of victual for three dayes, both which
they refus‘'d : which weall wonder'd at,knowing well how much they
fov'd their liberties, and their meat, having been lately pinch’d of the
one, and not having overniuch of the other 5 and therefore being
doubtful what their meaning wasinthis , fafpeéting fome difcontent
receiv d}
|
ATiue and Exatt Hiflory
4
| when they earneftly fought it. . Let others have what, opinion they
| language to teach me.
| Privities. We had an Ivdian woman, a flave in the houfe, who was|_
| Chriftian fervant , and lodging in the Indian houfe , among(t other
receiv'd fuch an anfwer : as welittle expected'5 for they teld us,it was
not fullennefs ; or flighting the gratuity. their Mafter beftow’d on
them, but they would not accept any thing asarecompence for doing
that which becarne them in their duties. todo, nor would: they have
him think, it was hope ofreward, that made them to accufe their fellow |
fervants, but an act of Juftice, which they thought. themfelves bound
in‘duty todo, and they thought themfclves futticiently rewarded in.
the Act. © The fubftance of this,-in fuch language .as they had, they
delivered,and poor Sambo was the Orator;by whofe example the others
were led bothin tkedifcovery of the Plot, and refufal of the gratuity.
And withall they faid, that if it pleas‘d their Mafter, atany time, to
beftow a voluntary boon upon them, be it never fofleight, they would
willingly and thankfully accept it: and thisa&t might have befeem’d
the beft Chriftians, though fome of them were denyed Chriftianity ,
pleafe, yet lam of this belief;,that there are to be found amongft them,
fome who areas morally honeft, as Confcionable, as humble,as loving
to theif friends, and as loyal to their Mafters; asany that live under the
Sun3-and one reafon they have to be 0, is, they fet no great value up-
on their lives : And this is all Ican ber concerning the Negroes,
except Of their games} which I could never learn, becaufe they wanted
ind thofé fetcht ftom other |
Countries; fome from the neighbouring Iflands, fome from the
Main, which ‘we make flaves : the women who are better vers’d in
ordering the Caflavie and making bread , then the Negroes, we
imploy tor that purpofe , as alfo for making Mobbie : the men we
ufe for footmen, and killing of fith,vvhich they are good at5 vvith their
ovvnbowvesand arrovvs they vvill go out; and in a dayes time, killas
As for the Indians, we have but few’, ai ia
| much fith; as wvill ferve a family ofa dozen perfons,tvvo or three dayes,
if you can keep the fifh fo long. They are very active men, and apt
to-learnany thing,fooner than the Negrces 5 and as different from them
in fhape, almoft asin colour;.the men very broad fhoulder’d, deep
breafted, with large heads, and their faces almoft threc {quare, broad
about the eyesand temples, and fharp at thechin, their skins fome
of them brown, fome a bright Bay, they are much craftier,and fubtiler
then the Negrees 5 and in their nature falfer ; but in their bodies more
active : their women have very fmall breafts, and have more of the
thape of the Ewropeans than the Negroes, their hair black and long ,
a great part whereofhangs down upon their backs , as low as their
hanches, witha large lock hanging over either breaft , which feldom
or never curles + cloaths they {corn to wear, efpecially ifthey be well
thap’d 3a girdle they ufeof tape, covered with little {mooth thels of
fifhes, white, and from theirfank of one fide, to their flank on the |
other fide, a fringe of blew Bugle 5 which hangs fo low as to cover their’
of excellent fhape and colour, for it wasa pure bright bays{mall breafts,
with the niples of a porphyrie colour, this woman would not be woo'd
by any means to wear Cloaths. Shechanc’d to be with Child, by a
women, |
a onaniial i ‘
; t t z : , ei
of the Ifland of Barbadoes. 55 |
_ | Pond, brought het {elf abed’; and preféntly wafhing her Child in fomie
| of the water of the Pond, lap‘d itup in fuch rags, as fhe had begg’d
-| Of the’ Chriftians 5 and in three hours tiie caniehome, with her Child
o
—
pote
pour
jo)
am
AY is
; oO
~
wm.
~ : : L Fr -_ pT *
and keépsthem in fuch order, asthere are no mu oft them 5
and yet of feveral nations. All thefe are to be employed in their feve-
ral abilities, fo asno one beidle. The firftwork to bi confidered, is
Weeding, for unlef that be done, allelfe (and the Planter too) will
bé undone, and ifthatbe neglected but a little time, it will beahard
mitter to recover it again, fo faft willthe weeds grow there. But the
ground being kept clean, ‘tis ficto bear any thing that Country will}
afford. After weeding comes Planting, ‘and they account two fe nS
inthe year beft and that is, Azzy and November 5 but Caties are to be
| planted at all times, that they may comie in, one field after another 5 .
otherwife, the work will ftand ftill. _ And commonly they have ina ‘ “i
field that is planted together, atone timc, ten or a dozenacres. This |
work of planting and weeding , the Matter himfclf is to fee done;
-Junlefs he have a very trufty and able Overfeer 5 and without fuch a
\one, he willhave toomuchto do. Thenext thing heis to confider ,}
is the Ingenio, and what belongs to that 5 as , the Ingenio it {elf,|
| whichisthe Priaum apbile of the whole work, the Boyling-houfe,
_ |with the Coppets and Furnaces, the Filling room, the er;
ee P-2- an
Ponesssmgenisy
56
ATrue and Exatt Hiftory :
and Cureing-houfe 5, and imall thefe, there ate great cafualties. Ifany
thing in the Rollers, as the Goudges, Sockets, Sweeps, Cogs, or Bray-
trees, be at fault, the whole work ftandsftill ; orinthe Boyling-houfe,
‘fthe Frame which holds the Coppers , (and is made of Clinkers,
faftned. with plaifter of Paris } if by the violence of the heat from the
Furnaces, thefe Frames crack or break, there isa ftop inthe work, till
that be mended. Or ifany ofthe Coppershavea mifchance, and be
burnt, a.new one muft prefently be had, or there isa {tay in the work.
Or if the mouths of the Furnaces, (which are made of a fort of {tone ,
which we have from England, and we call it there, high gate ftone) if
that, by the violence of the fire, be foftned, that it moulder away , |
there muft new be provided, and laid in with much art, or it will not
be. Or ifthe bars of Iron, which arein the floor of the Furnace ,
| when they arered hot (as continually they are) the fire-man, throw
reat hides of wood in the mouths of the Furnaces, hard and care-
Telly ,,the weight of thole logs, will bend or break thole bars,
(though ftrongly made) and there isno repairing them, without the
work ftand {till 5, for all thefe depend upon one another, as wheels in
aClock. OriftheStillsbe at fault, the A7ll-devil cannot be made.
But the main impediment and ftop of all, is the lofs of our Cattle,
and amongft them, there arefuch difeafes, as I have known in one
Plantation,thirty that have dyed in two gates And Ihave heard,that
a Planter,an eminent man there, that clear’da dozen acres of ground,
and tail it about for pais with intention, as foon as the grafs
was grown toa great height, te putin his working Oxen 5 which ac-
cordingly hedid, and inone night fifty of them dyed 3 fo that fuch a}
lofs asthis, isable to undo a Planter, thatisnot very well grounded,
What it is that breeds thefe difeafes, we cannot find, unlefs fome of |
the Plants have a poyfonous quality ; nor have we yet found out cures
or thefe difeafés; Chickens guts being the beft remedy was then
known, and thofe being chop'd or mined, and given them ma horn, }
‘with fome liquor mixt to moiftenit, was thought the beftremedy : yet
itrecovered very few. _ Our Horfes too have killing difeafes amougft
jthem, and fome ofthem have beenrecovered by Glifters, which we
give themin pipes, or large Seringes made ofwood, for the fame pur-
. For,the common difeafes, both of Cattle and Horfes, are ob-
Bol ions and bindingsin their bowels ; and fo lingring a difeate it is, |
‘to thofe that recover, as they are almoft wornto nothing before they
get well, So thatifany of thefe {tops continue long, or the Cattle}
cannot be recruitedina reafonabletime, the work isat aftand; and
by that means, the Canes grow over ripe , and will in a very fhort
tithe have their juice dryed up , and will not be worth the grin-
2 a to recruit thefe Cattle, Horfes, Camels, and Affinigos , who
are all liable to thefe mifchances and decayes, Merchants muft be con-}
iilted, fhips provided, and acompetent Cargo of goods adventured,
tomake new voyagestoforraign parts, to fupply thofe lofles 5 and
when that is done, the cafualties at Sea are to be confidered,and thofe
happen feveral wayes, either by fhipwrack, piracy, or fire. A Mafter |
of afhip, andaman accounted bath able, ftout, and honeft , having
3 __ tranfpor-
eect ATLL
| of the Ifland of Barbadoes: 57 |
tran(poited goods of (everal kinds, from Exgland to apart of Africa ,
the River of Gambra, and had there exchanged his Commodities for
‘Negroes, which was that he intended to make his voyage of ; caufed
| themall to be thip’d, and did not, asthe manneris, fhakle one to ano-
ther, and make them fure ; but having an opinion of their honefty and
‘faithfulnefs to him, asthey had promiled 5 and he being a credulous
pman,’ and himfelf good natur’d and merciful, fuffered them, to, go
loofe, and they bemg double the number of thofein the Ship 5, found
| ptheir advantages, got weapons in their hands, and fell upon the, Say-
Hers, knocking them on:theheads, ‘and cutting their throats f0-faft, as
| the Mafter found they wereall loft,’ out of any poflibility of faving 5
| and fo went downinto the Hold, and blew. all up with himfelf; and
| this was‘before they got dut of the River. Thefe, .and feveral other |
a there will happen; that extrédmly retard. the work of Sugar-
making. ee Petts bot
Now let tis Confider how many things theré ate to. be thought) on,
that go to the actuating this great work, and how many cares to. pre- |
-vent the mifchances:; that are incident.to the-retarding j.ifnot the} ~~ ~~ | :
‘fruftrating of the whole work; and you will find them wile and pro- :
vident men,'that go onand profper ima work, that depends upon: fo
qiany ‘céatingents. °° a ae qo i to 2heslimod 330
This Hay} to {top thofe’ mens mouths, that lye.Hiere at homie,, and
expect great profit in theitadventures’,.and never confider ,. through
what difficulty, induftry and pains it is acquired; , And thus much I
_ {thought goo to fay, of the abilities isboPianeai reseed of
| The'next thing is, oftheir naturesand difpofitions, which, foun
‘compliable in a high degree toall vertues, that thofe of the belt fo
tof Gentlemen cal] Excellent; as, Civilly intreating of Strangers,|,with | © +
Fcommunicating to them any thing: within the compa(s of, their
knowledge, that might be beneficial to them,,.in any, undertaking
among(t them, and affi(ting them inis, giving them harbour for them-|
‘| felvesand{ervants, Andif their intentions were tobuy Plantations, |-”
to make diligent enquiries for fuch as they defired , and to driye the
‘bargain as near the wind for their advantages, as poflibly they, could,
fand to put themfelves im fome travels, in fetling the bufine&:: Or,
__ bif chat could not do them fervice, roitecommend.them to any friend
” }they had; that lay morefitand convenient for theix purpole. Loving,
| friendly, and hofpitable one to another ; and though they areoffeve-|
| tal Perfwafions, yet, their directions ordered every thing wells af oo.
hthere never were any: fallings out between them :>which to prevent,
fome of them ofthe better fort, madea Law among{t themfelves, that
whoever nam’d the word Roundhead or Cavalier, thould give,to all
_ bho that Heard him, aShotanda,Turky, to becatenat his houfe that
re cey
7
4 ae
}might enjoy the Soe ga of one. another ; and. fometimes this Shot
‘land this Turky would draw ona dozen difhes more,if company were
‘accordingly + So frank, fo loving, and fo good, natur'd were thefe.
‘| Gentlemen oneto another 5 and toexprefsgheiraffections yet higher,
|they had particularnames one to-another, 48; Neighbour , Friend,
‘Brother, Sifter : Sothat f perceived a wanting, that might OS
i :
, -
Cee? ee ae a
— eee ae eee eg —*
oe
59
| Tame beafts
| that are l-
ving on the
| Ifland,
Camels,
| Horfes.
A True and Exat Hiftory
up a firm and lafting friend{hip amongft them; though. after. I caitie
away, it was otherwile.
Sportsand exercifes they, never us'd. anys as Bowling, Shooting ,
Hunting, or Hawking 5 forindeed there are no places fit for the two
firfk exercifes, the Countrey being fo Rocky, uneven and full of ftumps
of trees¢and for the other two, they want game 5 for. there are no kind
of wild beafts in the Ifland,.nor any foul fit to hawk at.5befides the
and for Hawkes; Inmeverfaw but two, and thofe the merrieft {tirrers
that ever I faw: fly 5 the one of them, was. in an evening juft at
Sunfetting, which is the time the Bats rife , and fo are to a. good
Height 3: and ata downcome, this Barbary Faulcon took one of them
only for carrying down fugar to the bridge, but of bringing from
no? can ‘Carts pafefor Gullies, and: Negroes cannot carry it
{ons2 eomretotet 7
pote faveftof any beaft.: ia} rae
Oxen,Bulls,
and Cowes.
if
| Afinigoes. |
. ‘eine =" |
x a Siiicapen ee
% ~“s pt Nig as SSN "
fe ae “i -
Country is fo woody, as there 1s no Champian.to fly ins Pheafants:, |.
-Partridges, Heathpoults, Quailes,.or Rayles, never fet foot upon this |
ground, unlels they were brought there; and if fo, they never livd: |
—- + ney Paattu wien : 5 it
H . a - = STR
e
ries f
= *
of the Ifland of Barbadoes.
| there, but they were mdking tryals, cither to get fome of thofe, or
fomelarge Horfé Affinigoés; to breed with the Mares of that. Coun-
' “tty. : se ;
| the bargain, and would not 6.0m»
{feldom happen, yet ‘tisatt ordinary
{to one another for the time they have to ferve
| ceive any commodities that arcin the Ifland; T
fréeady of the largenefs weight and goodnef$ ofthefe hogs as isneedful ,
and theteforeIfhallneedno'more.~— - - 3
| | being very unfit for them} @ foure tough and faplef& graf, and fome
| fon had been, their too much heat with their wool, and fo got them
| tWoLambs: their flefh when wetryed any ofthem, had a very faint
Ttafte, fo that I do not think they are fit to be bred or kept in that
‘Chriftian that hasthe charge of the carriages, One of thefe ee
weight; our Planters have been very defirous if it were poflible to get
fugars, and working inthe Ihgemio;.but they had gotnone when! was
“We have here in abundance, but not wild or loofe, forifthey were
they would domore harm than their bodiesare worth; they are en-
clos’d, and every man knows hisown:: thofe that rear them to fell,
do'commonly fell them fot a groata pound’; weighing them alive 5
‘fometimes fix pence if flefh be dear. ‘There was a Planter in the
Hand, that came to his neighbour, and faid to him, Neighbotr Ihear
you have lately bought good'ftore of fervants, out ofthe laft {hip that
‘have fome of my hogsflefh; ‘fothe price was fet a groat a pound. for
the hogs flefhi, “and fix-penceforthe Womans fiefh. The fcales were
fet up , andthe Planter had a Maid that was extream fat, _ and
igood for nothing , her name was Howor3 The man brought 4 great
fatfow, and putit in one tale, and Hoxor wasputin the other; but
when he faw how much the Maid outweighed his Sow, he broke off
goes will carry 150 weight of fugar; fome of the ftrongeft 200)
Mules there, fot they would be of excellent-ufe, im carrying their |
} came from Exgland, and’ I hear withall, that you want. provifions , |
{Phave great want of a woman fervant ; ‘and would begladto make an
|.cxchangesIf you will let me havefome of your womans flefh; you hall
rai 1 fuch a cafe as this, miay
rves and inexchange, re-
Have faid as riuch al-
as
~ We have here, but very few sandthofdo not like well the pafture,
*poyfonous plant they find, which breedsdifeafes amongftthem , and
ib they dye away, they neyei are fat, and we thought a while therea-
Often fhorn 3 but that would not cure them: yet the Ews bear alwayes
gthere, to {ell their fervants |
}Countrey ; other fheep we have there,
which are brought from Guinany
‘and they profper far better than the
and Binzy, and thofe have hair growing on them, int
liker Goats than Sheep, yet their flefh ts tafted more like Mutton than
mee, 2. :
_ | We have i greater plenty’,
Sheep, and find
| Goats heres they-live for the moft part in the wook
‘the pafture, butare.alwayes inclos‘din a fence, thacth
{upontheir neighbours ground 5 |
‘his neighbours, either in his Canes, Corn, Potatoes, ;
tihes, may by the lawesof the Ifland fhoot him through with a Gun,
d lictlé difference
in thetafte of their flefh, and the
for whofoever finds Hog or Goat of
_|and®kill him ; but then he muft prefently fend to the owner,
_| know where he ts.
Q.2
inftead of wool;and |
, fometimes in
do not trefpafs
Bonavitt, or Plan-
to Jet him
The
Hogs:
Sheep:
Goats:
60
Birds.
come nef poe emcee gee
. be es
\down. The biggeft isa dite& Buflard, but fomewhat lefs than our
_ jeould-go beyond her 5. fhe looks alwayes, as if fhe were. fick or
~ Pbut he not being «
| | melancholy look, her feathers never fmooth, but alwayesrufled, as
-}ifthe were mewing, her head down, her fhouldersup, as if her neck
‘were broke... This bird has for three or four notes, the loudeft. and
| fweeteft, that ever I heard; if fhe had variety, certainly no bird
awengeeees ow
errs. See pee
A True and Exatt Haffory
The Birds of this place (fetting two afide) are hardly worth the
pains of defcribing 5. yet, in-order, asI.did the Beafts, I will fet them
grey Buflards in England, fomewhat {wifter of wing 5 and the only
good they do, is, fometimes to kill the Rats.. The next to himin big-
nes, isthe larger Turtle Dove, and of them, there is great ftore in
thelfland = ’tisa much handfomer bird, both in fhape and colour,than
ours in England, and is very good meat. Next to her is the leffer
Turtle, a far finer bird than fhe, butofa contrary fhapes forthis is of
thefhape of a Partridge, but her plumidge gray, and a red brown
under the wings; a pretier bird] donot know, of fo few glorious co- |
louts,-hertunelike the other. Thenextisa bird likea Thruth, of a
melanchollys “
pyoucome very nearher., Thisbird I never heard fing ‘The next is |
s her, isa
as fhe is ac<
had liv’d tohave
taughthim. Unde
that which we call the humming bird, much lefs than a Wren, not
. rhuch
ote aR . . eek ay , i 4 |
eee andl
Ped aes .
EE
of the Iftand of Barbadocs.
‘much bigger than an humble Bee, her body long, het wings {mall and
fharp, of a fallen fad green, no pleafant colours on her; her manner of
feeding is, juft as aBee, putting her bill into abloflom or a flower,
taftes aslightly as a Bee, never fitting, but purring with her wings, all
the time fhe ftayes with the flower; and the motion of her wings areas
nimble and fwift, as aBee : We have no way to take her, but by fhoo-
ting fand out ofa Gun at her, which mazes her for the prefent , that
you may take her upsbut thereisno way to keep her alive,het feeding
being fuch, asnone can giveher but herfelf. Now. for the Birds that }
live upon the outward verge of the Ifland,I have not much to fay.Some+
times Teals come to our Pands, three or four cotiple together, but }
hever go away 3 for when wefeethem,we takea gun,and coming near, |
fhoot them, and the report of the gun frights, and makes thofe that
arealive fly away, andfetchoneturn, and come back to fee their fel=|
| lows dead, and alight to. them, and fo we fhoot and fhoot again till all
| be kill’d ; for they will alwayes come back to fee thei dead ffietids; | .
| Thelike we do with thofe birds we call Oxen and Kine, which comie
tousinlike manner. Small Swallows we have now and then, but
| fomewhat different from ours in colour. iets seg he
|. But there isa Bird they call, a Manof war , and he is much bigger
{than a Heron, and flies out to Sea upon difcoveries, (for they never
{light upon the Sea) tofeé what thips-are, coming to the Ifland 5 and
when they return, the Iflanders look out, andiay, 4 thip isconiing ;
and findit true. Ihave feen oneofthem, as high as I ould look, to
miect us twetity leagues from land; and fome otheis, almoft as big as
‘Ducks, that in an evening came in a flock of twenty, orthere about,
and they made divers turns aboutthethip, a little before Siin-fetting 5
-and when it grew dark, they lighted upon the ribs of the fhip, and
with little noofes of packthted, the Saylers caught them; they were
very fat and good, 2 ee | ein se ae |
- Though the Bat beno Bard, yet fhe flyes with wings, and alwayes a
little before Sun-(erting, ar which time they come out of holes, chim-
‘heys, and hollow trees, aad will raifethemtoa great height, feeding
themfelves with flyes that they find in the ait, at that time of the
evening. | SS ,
Having done with Beafts and Birds , we will enquire what other
leficr Aninials or Infeéts there areupontheIfland, of which, Snakes
are the chief, becaufe the largeit; and I have feen fome ofthofea yatd
andahalf long. Thedaly harm they do, is toour Pigeon-houfes, and
}tiilk-pans; fothat if we leave any holeinthe bottom of the houfe,
Where they can conie in, they will get to the nefts, and devour the
{young Pigeons, if they be not over big. . And yet ‘tis {trange to fee;
what great morfels they will {wallow $ flide they will up againft a
wall, ifitbe but perpendicular; butif it be declining outward, they
cannot get up, but will fall back teri foot high, if they be hindred by
any {tooping of the wall; for which reafon vve make jetties, near the
'|top of fuch toonis;as vve vvill keep them outof; they have climbed
-|fix foot high upon the outfide of a vvall, come in ae vvindovv,dovvn
{on the infide, skim our milk pans, and avvay again : Till vve took
6s
one of theni there, vve knevv not by vvhat means our pans vvere thus |
Of leffer ds
nimals and
Infect,
~
¢
a
‘ ~
: :
) 2
1
{
I a
-jareasbig'asRats ,“fmooth,. and coloured Jike a Snake, fomewhat
| their colour, from green to rufict or hair-colour , which abate
ft
_}nefs and {hape ofa |
‘fet him off the better, if he had not an ugly wabling gate, but that
{if you take a Candle to fearch for him, he fhiftsaway.and hides him- |
felf, asthe Purnefes do in Ttaly.. ~The Negroes; who have thick skins, |
| pice. asifit were done with a; curry-comb. Next to thefe tormen-
-; Stouts, that {ting Cattle in Ezgland, (and arecommonly felt in marifli }
AT rue and Exatt Hiffory
skitn’d. - They neverfting any body, noris there any venomous beaft |
inthe [land. Thenext tothefeare Scorpions, of which, fome of: them | -
blewer,their bellies inclining to yellow,very nimble and quick to avoid
their purftiers - yet, the Snakes will now and then take them,between
whom there is'a great confli&t, before the quarrel be decided 5) for |
| the Scorpions that are’ large, are very ftrong, and will maintain the
| fight fometimes halfan hours have feen themwreftle together a good | -
part ofthat time : But in conclufion, the Snakes get the better, and
|-devour the other. Thefe Scorpions were never known to hurt man
‘or beat.’ . Toads or Frogs wehave none. dere ceca
| “Lizards we hadin great plenty, but the Cats kill them fo faft. in the
honfes, as they are much leflened in theirnumber. _ This little Animal
}lovesmuchto be where men are, and are delighted toftand and gaze
in their faces, and hearken to their difCourfe. . Thefe with us,I'think,
{are different from thofe of Ezrope 5 the bodies of ours are about four |
‘fitiches long, the tail ncaras much, headed not much unlike a Snake's |
their colour, when they are pleafed, a pure grafs-sreen on the back,
‘| blewifh toward the fide, and yellowith on thebelly 5 four, legs, and
thofe very nimble : When they fee at diftance fome of their. own
‘kind, ‘thatthey are angry with, mney fwella little bigger, and change |.
smuch
of their beauty , for their green is very pleafant and beautiful + Cala
chap ate. 45 Biojees Nekddes eieluate CocmOene tenn e of the bie
i and {hape ofaBeetle; but of a pure- hair-colour, which would}
makes himunhandfome. He appears in theevening when ‘tis dark, }
ard will, whenhe pleafes, fly to your bed, when he finds you fleep-
ing, and bite your skin, till he fetch blood, if you donot wake 5 and }
rand by reafon of their hard labour, fleep foundly at night, are bitten
fo, as far as the breadth ofboth your hands together,” their skins are
tors, are Musketos , who bite and-fting worfe than the Gnats and |
ground). And next to them Meriwings,and they are of to {malla fize,
_| and fothin and aercall, as you can hardly difcern them , but by the
| noileof their wings, whichis like afmall buglehorn , at a great di-
'| ftance: Where they iting,there will rifea little knob, as big as a.peafe,
and laft{o.a whole day; the mark; will not be gone in twenty four | —
hours.. Caterpillars we have fometimes in abundance, and they do
which we call Slips, and eat them all away, and come fo low, asto
_jeat of the Root too: And-theonely remedy we have, is,to drivea
-\flockof Turkies into the place wherethey are, andthey will devour| —
‘}them.= Fhe harmsthefe vermine do us, is doubles firft, inthe flips,}
which 1s the fo8d we give our Horfes, and iscaftinto the rack; and}
inourPotatoes, being the root of thele flips, which we our felves
fced upon. S iit see
| Filyes }
eae oo
ee dl
very great harms for, they light upon the leaves of. our Potatoes,{
__|-when the ground has been extreamly moiftned, and. foftned with the
| will not pafs through the hole, orarch, through which they mean
SP ee ee le eae tee? F a ab ae a See e
RE ete eo Ta ater s s % SE Par gy Gey tees
pe Ap
AE > “ : =e ish tt 4 a ig:
innate Sim : wi : .e * ;
| of tbe Iflind of Barbadoes. ,
63
| Flyes we have of fo many: kinds , (¢ from two, inches long with the
great horns, which we keep in boxes, and aref{hewed by John Tre-
defcan amongft his raritiés) to the leaft Atome, asit would be a
weary work to fet them downs as alfo the fiudden produ&ion of
them, ftom Nothing to Maggets, ftom Maggets toFlyes; and there
is not Only a race of all thefe. kinds, that go ina_ generation, but
_| upon few occafions, new kinds; as, after a great downfall of rain ,
| water, Thave walk’d out upon a dry walk (which I. made. my felf)
_ | in an evening, and there came about me anarmy offuch flyes, as I had
~{ never feen before, nor afters and they rofe, as I conceived, out of the
_{earth: They were as big bodied as Bees , but far larger wings, harm
they did usnone, but only lighted ‘on us 3 their colour between ath-
colour and purple. © |
throw himonthe ground, and mark what they will do with him 5
‘his body is bigger thana hundred-of them , and, yet they will find
jthe means to take hold’ofhim, and lifthim up 5 and having him a-
‘}bove ground , away they carry him, and fome go by as ready
jaffiftants, if any be weary 3 and fome are the Officers that lead and
}fhew the way to the hole intowhich he muft pafs5 and if the Van-
‘leurtiers perceive , that the body of the Cockroach. lies cro{s, and
{to carry him, order is given, and the body turned endwile ,.and
‘| this done a foot before they cometo the hole, and that without any
_ |itop or ftay 5 and this is obfervable, that they never pull contrary
ee :
| Thofe that are curious , and will prevent their coming on their
| Tables, Cupbords, or Beds, have little hollowsoftimber, filfd with
water, for the feet of thefe to ftand in; but all this vvill not ferve
{their turns forthey will fome ofthem, go up to the feiling, and let
jthemftlyes fall upon the teafters of the Beds, Cupbords, and
To prevent them from coming on our fhelves where our meat |
~ : R 2 oe
Se ipieae
64
lallhis friends of this booty; who come in thoulands, and ten thou-
is diown'din the adventure : thenext is not warn'd by tits exaniple,
; ‘But yeti ot ; | Sey See PS 3
=
A True and Exat Hiflory
48 kept, we hang them tothe roof by topes , and tat thofe
ropes, and the roofs over them, as alfo the ftrings of our
Hamiocks, for which reafon we avoid them better in Hamiocks than }
in beds. gb.
Sometimes when we try conclufions upon thems we take the Car-
pet off the Table, and fhake it, fothat all the Ants drop off, and rub
dowh the legs and feet of thofe tables, (which ftood not in water)and
having done fo : we lay onthe Carpet again, and fet upon it a
Sallet dith, or Trencher, with fugatin it, which fome of them in the
room will prefently fmell, and make towards 1¢ as faft a8 they can,
which isa long journey, for he tuft begin at the foot ofthe table, and
comie ashigh asthe iinfide of the Carpet, and fo go down to thebot-
tomi and upof the ourfide of the Carpet, before he getsonthe table ,
and then to the fugar,which hé fmels to; arid having found it, returns
again thefame way , without taking any for his pains, and informs
SRO TE ese,
farids, and im aninftant, fetch it-allaway 5 and when they are thickeft
upon the'table, clapa large book (orany thing fit for that purpofe)
upon them, {0 hafdas to kill all that are under it, and when you have
done {6, take away the book, and leave themito themfelves , but a
quarter of an hour, and whet you come again, you fliall find all}
thofe bodies catried away. Other tryals wemiake of their Ingenuity,
as this. Takea Pewter difh,-and fill'it halfifull of water, into which
{puta little Gally porfill’d withSugar, and the Ants will prefently find
'it,and'come upon the Fable 5 but when they perceive it inviron’d with
water, they try about the brims of the difh, where the Gally pot is
neareft, and therethe moft venturous among{t them 5 commits him-
felf to the water, though he beconfcious how ill.a fwimnier he is, and
ies toos and: own'd, and miany more, fo that there
is a {miall foundation of their bodies to venture on; arid then they
come fafterthanever, and fomakea bridge oftheir own bodies , for
their friends to pafs on 5 neglecting their lives for the good of the |
publique 5 for beforetheymakean end, they will make way for. the
reft, ‘and beconie Matters of the Prize. [had a little white fugar which
I defired to keep from them , and -was devifing which way to do it,
ratid I: knockt a Nail in the beam of the room, and faftned to it a4
brown thread, at the lower end of which thread, I tyed a latge thell
otafith, which beinghollow, Eput the fagar in, and Iockt the door,
thinking it fafe ; but whenI returned, I found three quarters of m
fugar gone, andthe Ants in abundance, afcetiding and defcending ,
likethe Angels on facob’s Ladder, asI have feenit painted, fo that I
found no place fafe. fromthefe more than bulie Creatures.
— Another fort of Antsthere are, but nothing fo numerous or harni- |
falas the other, but larger by far 5'thefe build great nefts, as big as
Bee hives. again{t a wall,ora ttee,of Clay and Lome, fometimes within f
doors, and in it feveral little Manfions , fuch as Bees make for theth-|
(elves, but nothing fo curious; thefe the Cockroaches and Lizards
‘meet withall , way-laying them near their nefts, and feed upon
them: whichto prevent, they make from thence many and feveral f
: galleries | —
ve wie
unemnenecal
’
. *-
of ibe Ifland of Barbadoes. | 65
galleries that reach fome of them fix or feven yards feveral wayess! of
the fame earth they do their nefts 5; fo that for fuch a diftance as that,
they are not tobe perceiv’d, by any oftheir enemies,:and commonly,
their Avenues go out amongft leaves, asmo&, or fome other Covert,
; that they may not be perceiv’d ; but the moft of thefe are in the woods;
| for we have deftroyed their nefts, and their galleries within doors {©
} oftenyas they are weary of building, and fo quit the houle : I can fay
nothing of thefe,but that they are the quickeftat their work of building,
| of any little Creatures thatever! faw. Spiders we have,the beautifullett
jand largeft that [have feen, andthe moft curious in their webs 5 they
‘are not at all Poyfonous. te | |
| One fort more ofthefe harmful Animals there are , which. we. call
_ |Chegoess and thefe are fo little that you would hardly think them
| ableto doany harmartall, and yet thefe willdo more mifchief thanthe:
_| Ants, and ifthey were as numerous as harmful, there were no induring
ofthem; theyareofa fhape, not much unlike aLoufe, but no bigger
than a mitethat breeds in cheefe , his colour blewith: an Indiay has
laid one ofthem, on a fheet of white paper, and with my fpectacles on
Tcould:hardiy difcern him ¥ yet-this very little Enemy 5 can and will
| do much mifthief to. mankind. — This vermine will get thorough your
Stocken, andin a pore of yourskinyinfome part of your feet, com-
monly under the nail ofyourtoes, and there make a habitation to lay
| his off {pring,as big asa fmall Tare,or the bag of a Bee,which will caufe
j you to.go very lame, and put youto much{marting pain. The Indian
women have the beftskill totake them out, whichthey do by putting
| ina {mall pointed pin or Needle, atthe holewhere he came in y-and
winding the point aboutthebag , loofemhim from the flefh, and fo
take him out. He is of a blewith colour, and is feen through the |
skin; but the Négroes whofe skinsare of that colour ‘(Cornear it) ‘are
janill cafe, for they cannot find where they are; by which means they
are many of them very lame : fome ofthefe Chegoes are poyfonous,
andafter they are taken out, the Orificein which they lay, will fefter |
[and rankle-fora fortnight after they are gone.” Thave had ten taken
out of my feet in a morning, by the moltunfortunate Yarico, an Tvdian
woman. fics.
Some kind of Animals more there are in the woods, which becaufe
Isnever faw,1 cannot {peak their forms:: fome of them}: guefs are no
-igger than Crickets; they lye allday in holes and hollow trees ,
and as foonasthe Sun isidown, they begin their tunes, which are
neither finging nor crying, but the thrilleft voyces that ever I heard:
|mothing:can be fo nearly refembl’d to it , as the mouths of ‘a ‘pack
of fmail beagles ata diftance ; and fo-lively, and chirping thenoile ts, |
|as nothing can: be more delightful tothe ears, if there were. not-too
t fick hath no intermifiiontill morning, and: then
oT had forgotten among my fithes to mention “Crabs; but bécaufe
_| this kind % them live A As he land,I might very well overflip them,
}and now bring them in, amongftthefé Animals : they are fmall Crabs, |
fach as women fell by dozens in baskets in the ftrects, and of that
}colourraw andalive, asthefe are boyl’d, which are of areddith —,.
SStreris.- Ss
66
” AT re and Exatt Hifory
ings nttie
Thefe Crabs are coming from the Sea all the year long, Cex¢ept-in
March) they hide themfelves in holes, and in houfes, and fometimes
in hollow trees ; and into every part of the Hland they come, fome-
times we meet them going up ftairs inthe night, fometimes m- our
low rooms, fometimes in our Gardens, where they eat the ‘herbs.
We hold them not good meat: Butthe Negroes will often upon sua-
dayes goa Crabbing, and think them very great dainties when they
|
i
jbegi
are boyled. Thefe Crabs in Afarchcome all out of their holes , and
march down towardsthe Sea in fuch multitudes, as to cover a:great
part of the ground where they go, and nohedge, wall, or houfe can
ftopthem, but they will over. As we ride, our Horfes tread on them,
‘|they are fo thick onthe ground. And they have this fenfe, to gothe
neareft way to theSea, from the place where they are, aad nothing
can ftopor {tay them, but death: “Tisthe time [ guefs they go to
breed. : |
Having paft through all the reafonable and fenfitives Creatures of
this Ifland , 1 come now to fay fomewhat of the Vegetables ,.as of
| Trees ; and of thofe there are fuch infinite varictics, asto mention all,
were to loofe my felf in a wood ; for, it were impoffible for any one
in the timeI ftayed there, (though he ftudied nothing elf) to give
;anaccount of the particulars. And therefore I will onely mention
fuch, as for beauty or ufe , are of molt, and greateft efteem in the
f n - : But Law a ftronger man there take them before. me 5 and: they
wrought moderately with him; but, finding a weaker conftitution to
" ‘This Nut, as it grows on thettee, is likea white Pear-plamb, and
that being taken off, thereremains a ftone, of a blackith colour, and |
halves,-as out Hazle-nuts in England, will part in the middle long:
aig
which
“were come to’agreat ftrait, and knew not which way , gor how to
|renew theic fences; fome of the Paftures having: no: Jé{s than. three |
ofa yellowith colour, witha pulp on it.) as much: as a:Plumbs. but! aa
ry ie
PE in EL ew eer nee eo
Caffavie.
| Coloquinti-
=
\| Poyfon tree.
Calla ifn
whith colouriseafily difcerned:, the reft-of the kernel being {0 per-
‘}havelook’d oncthera which have been longer kept , after I brought
thick as to covet them 3 and they grow in-tufts or bunches, and ever
A. True and Exaé Hiffory
feétly- white; Take out that film, and; you may eat the nut fafely.,
without any operation at all; and ’tisas | {weet, \as a Fordan-Almond.,
This filmis perfely difcern'd, when the nut isnew gathered; butI
them into Exg/and, andI find the Carnation, colourquite gone,but the
kernel retains {till his operation, both in Vomit and Purge. Rae ar
“The leaves are fhap’d notmuch unlike a Vine leaf, but thrice as big,
and much thicker, and fuller green. oT 7 bigebs;
The poyfoned:tree , though I cannot commend for her vertues, |
-yet for herbeautiesIcan. She is almoft as large every way.as the Lo-
-cuft, but notof thatmanner of growing 5, herieaves full out as large |
-and beautifaly.asthe Lawrels, and fo like, as not to be known afun-
der. The people: that have lived long there, fay, ‘tis not wholfom to} _
be under the fhade of thistree. The fellers, as they cut them down, are
+
te a ier
poyfons, though with good ordering it makes bread. “Tis rather a
fhrubthana tree, thefprigs, few. of them biggerthan a broom-ftaff; |
crooked and ill fhap’d ; but no matter forthat, for the leaves are fo
an.odd one, as, 5.7. 9. o# 1 1.every leafaninch broad, and fix or feven
inches-long; datk green, and turning backward from the forefide,
Their Roots [have fet down already, their bignefs, and manner of
growth, withthe ufeofthem.. | alae
Coloquintida is as beautiful a fruit, as any you can fee, of the big-}
nefS: df an Oftraches egg 5 a fruit of fo ill a talte, as a {poonful of the
liquor mars 4 whole pot ofpottage ; the rind fmooth, with various
teens, interlac’d with murries, yellows, and faint Carnations,
boNextto this fhallbe the Caffia fiftula, which isa tree that will grow
the moft, in the leaft time, of any that ever I knew : Ifetone of the
feeds, (which is but’a fmallfeed) and in.a years time, it grewto be
eightfoot high, and aslarge and big in theftem, as an ordinary Rat-
toon you walkwithall : The leaf ofthis tree is like that ofan Afh, but
much longer; -andofa darker colour; the fruit, when ‘tis ripe, juftof
as es
__|asthofe of that IMand ; befides they are very fall of feeds , and their
of the Ifland of Barbadoes.
69
the colour ofablack pudding, and fhap’das like, but longer. Ihave
feen of themabove 16 inches long; the pulp of it is purgative, and a
great cooler of the reins.
Now becaufe we will have all ,- or as many of the poyfonous and
Phyfical trees and plants together as we can, that they may not trouble
j another leaf, we will putin a plant amongft the trees, and that is fo
like a fagar Cane as hardly to be difcern’d , the one from the other -
_fand this Plant hath this quality, that whofoever chews it, and fucks
inany ofthe juyce,will have his tongue, mouth, and throat,fo fwell’d
as to take away the faculty of {peech for two dayes,and no remedy that
I know but patience.
Tamarine-trees were but newly planted inthe Ifland, at the time I
came away, andthe Palmtree (fo much admir’d for her two rare
vertues of Oyle and Wine) was newly begun to be planted, the plant
being brought ns from the Ea/?-Indies, but the Wine the brings
may rather be called 4 pleafant drink , than to aflame the name of
Wine: ‘tis thus gather’d, “they cut the bark in fuch a part of the tree,
| wherea bottle may fitly be plac’d, and the liquor being received into
jthisbortle, it will keep very good for a day andno longer, but is a
very delicious kindof liquor. 7 aie
| The poyfonous treesand-plants being paft over : ’tis now fit to
mention fuch as will makeamends, and put our mouths in tafte, but
not too fuddenly to fall upon the beft, I will begin with the moft con-
temptible fruits which are in’the Ifland, the Fig tree and Cherry-tree,
which have favory names, but in their natures neither ufeful, nor well
tafted.. The Fig tree being very Jarge, but bears a fmall fruit, and
thofe of fo mean a condition, as 1 never {aw any one cat of them,
and the leaves not at all of the fhape ofour Fig leaves,nor the fifth hae
fo large, the body ofthe tree I have feen as large as an ordinary Elme
[here in Exgland. “i :
The Cherry tree is not altogether fo large , the fruit as ufele&
and infipid : but the colour fomething refembling a Cherry , and the
fhape not much unlike; which caufed the planters to call it by that
name. ;
The next tothefe thali be fruits,rather for fauce than meat, to whet
our appetites to thofe that follow after; and thefe are the Citrons,
Oranges, Lemons, Lime.’ -
- The Citronisa fmall tree, though the bear a great fruit ; and fo ill
matcht they are, as the fruit pulls it down tothe ground, and moft of
the fruit touches, and bearsupon the grourd’; the ftalk of a dark co-
lour, the leaf fhap’d like that ofthe Lemon, but ofa very dark green:
thefe fruits we had in great abundance, when firft we came there, but
were all caft away, by rcafon we had none but Mufcavado fagary and
that is not fit to‘preferve with; befides there were very few then that
_|had the skill to do them. 2 | :
_| »-The Orange trees do not profper here; “nor are the fruits fo kindly
as thofe of Berzeudos:latge they are and full of juice,but not fo delicious
rinds neither fo deep, and pure an Orange Tawny, nor {0 thick, and
}
5
intheir prime, and then decay.
en — " aie
jtherefore not 0 fit to preferve : — above feven i
The poy/o-
ned Cane.
Tamarine.
Fruit trees.
Fig-tree.
Cherrysree.
Orange.
ee
: *
Lemon.
>
ee — S
Lime-tree.
| but here and there, ftragling-in the Ifland.. 1 have feen..fome of the
| fruit large.and very full of juice,with a fragrant{mell the leaves both
A Tine and Exad Hiffory,
The Lemon tree is much better fhap’d and diars. bas shis fruit. is.
of thefe and the Orangetrees,I fhall not need to.mention being fo, well |
known in England,
The Lime tree is, like a thick Hollybuth, i in Fas lrad, and as full of
prickles: ifyou, make a hedge of them, about your houfe,’tis ufficient
proof againft the, Negroes 3, whofe naked bodies cannot, poflible enter
it, and it isan extraordinary fure fence againtt Cattle, > It) commonly,
grows feven, or'eight foot high, extreamly. thick of leaves. and, fruit.,
and of prickles 5 ; the leaves not unlike thofé of: a Lemon tree, the fruit
t difcerned, at the diftance of three yards,,.but only.
weve
Prickled .
Beet
Prickled ap-|
ple.
~ "tis lef, but inthe tafte of the rind. and juice, extreamly diffe-
eB ta. 58 much fitter. forfauce than the Lemon 5. but: not. fo good to cat
. The Prickled apple, grows onatree. excels, thick leay'd, andl
tale leaveslarge, and ofa despercens AB fhe Rot. yeh iF unlike the |
leaf of. a Wallnut:treein. Ei =, this frui aN, is thapd lik like the heart’ of ‘i
an Oxe, and much about that biene(s § a Boonen on the outlide, :
with many prickles on it, the tafte very like amuftie Lemon. :
Thenext inorder, fhall be the, prickled pear, much. purer. intafte!
and better form’d;, the fruit being not valre ine ep ecoa Cienenbitde
r, and ofa faint green, intermixt et the ftalk 5 z
ma
| {pot Bi )
Eine Saiee ot “Gadde: es Fiala no more "ifesent: in Tighe. F
_| ofthat, and thefe are all the remarkable. fruits that. grow. on. tree
| ding in the fame manner, and if the
| —* a ftory ortwo.more 4 of
se aiehody » ofa mist os yong tsi ‘partly Scammell’; with
of 1¢ growing fomewhae rie
Pp rickled = ~
aaa and afmall. circle aboutit il and.from that, fel A lines
drawn to she uemolt extent. of that. round. Murrey fpot,with faint |
t the fmall circle and the MES upon, that Se :
nef from the UTEEYs: than only tobe difcerned, and a lictle a
colour, |
The Pomegranate is a beautiful tree thel esfmall:, with a green
mixt.with Olivecolour, the bloflom large, we il fhap" ds, and ofa: ,
Scarlet colour the fruit not fo large there, as thofe we’ have .
Spaiz, | The young trees being fet in rows, and planted, thick sia &
avery good hedge, being clipt even a top withGardenfhears.. The}
fruit is'very.well- known toyou, and therefore I Hol nesh faseweting
and are proper to this Illand, that _Ican remember, though I believe i
there are many more. A
-cThe Papa is but a {mall tree, her bark of a "faint willow, alow: hee .
leaves large, : and ofthe thape of the Phyfick nut-tree, byt,ofthe colour|
out four or five of one height, and |
A ie from the place where they bud out 5. to; the ends}
of the branches, and about two £ gc higbers fuch other branches fprea-|_
a wto a greater height than}
thefe bows : the oe ats i
a
ee, eC tickled-eare The Blisomef :
be ee nes = the Romeo ranare
| form’d to ‘ale branches . tHe fruit fomewhat bigger than Furhips,
| growing clofe'to the body of the tree, where the'braiches grow, ‘and
‘Fare fomewhat a fainter Willow, then either the body ; ‘branches’! or
ie The'tree, though it may be accounted wood} yet the foftett
asa mans légat one chop. , ‘The fruit we boyl | an@(erve it up! wich
| powdred pork, as WE dottirnips| in England 5 but the ‘turnip is far the
‘more favoury fruic.
{© Phe Guaver grows ona Tree, bodied® lind?! PAeBliKe a Ohisteg: Gnaver,
| tree, but the leaves fomewhat larger and ftiffer; the fniit of the'big-
| nes of afmall Lemon, and near that colotir; “onel the upper’ end | ie |
| fomewhat blunter that the Lemon$"the’ Hind about*tHe thickne® of Te
| 'thetind ofa Lemon, but foft; and ofa deticate talté +! 4€ “holds within |
| a pulpy fubftance, full of finall feeds, like a fig, fore of them white
| within, and {oiné of a flamme! colour. Thele feeds have this property,
oie
of the\ Ifland of Barbadées. emt
: ” a eee ae
wy
| ;
eee em
at yet I ever f ‘faw 3 5 for, with. my knife, “f can cut dows a tree ‘4s’ big
| his Daughter by chance about hernatural bitline, calf dto her: Plant
|"em, Father, reme ui ‘Thefe fruits have'diffetent tates; fomie rank)
fome fweets fo tl would give a re4(n of this variety, which was,
according to the Hever ifcoatierons they y had’ Patt! sn ha
Fete
/ that when they have paft through the body, wherdoever they are laid |
| . Thefe
foot Which
a hangs together one drop after another, tillit touch the ground, and
then takesroot, and makesan addition to thetree. So that if all thefe
may be faid to be one and the fame tree, we may fay , that a Man-
grave tree may very well hidea troop of Horfe. ‘The bark of this tree
being well Scheme will make very ftrong ropes, and the Indians
_|Mmakeitas fine asflax, and {pin it into fine thred, whereof they make}
‘Hamocks, and divers other things they wear : and I have heard » the
jue they wear is made of this bark, as alfo their chairs and
ftooles, | ae
| calibap. | The Calibath tree bears leaves of the falleft and richett green of
. 9] any thatI know, and the greateft plenty of leaves; her fruit not for
| aA | food, itisfor the moft part as big asthat ofthe Coco, round asa ball ,|
: green |
~
_| Anchovie-
Pear.
Se imreaee re ane
/
‘| ploy them for feveral ufes, as they are of different fizes ; fome for
| thap-d, the leaves tlie thofe of the Afhin England, but fomewhat
bigger Tei: |
| Nature hath provided means to fupporther 5 for, fhehas
| no jadgmentofthem. The timber of this tree is rank'd., the
| fourth fort, ithree being: better than it. Thavefeen, the: bodies thefe
drees neat fixty foot high. |
| cellent timber t to work, for i it isnot fo hard as fome others, which is
’ of the Ifland of Barbadoes. oes 43
ereenasthe leavesof the fame tree, fimooth and fhining, and their.
manner of growing is fo clofe to the body, and the largeft of the
boughs, asto touch them do, that tillit be pull’d or cut off, we can-
not perceive any ftalkit has. Of this round ball, we make dithes ae
bowls and cups; for, being hollow within, as the Coco-nut, we em-
dithes, fome for cups, fome ‘for bafons, and fome of the Jargelt to car-
ry waterinjas we do Goards, withhandlesatop, asthat of a kettle,
for they are {moother, and much ftronger than they. Thele look yery
beautifully.on the tree, and:te me tne more beautiful, by howmuch
they werethe more ftrange 5 for, by their firmand clofe touching the
trees, without any appearance of {talks, they feemto cleave, rather
-| than grow tothe trees.
One, and but one tree in this Ifland havel feen, that bears an .Eng- : Bay tree!
lifo name, and that istheBay tree, whofe leaves are foaromatick, as.
three or four ofthem willamply fupply the place of Cloves, Mace, and |
Cinamon,, in.drefiing any dilh ofmeat where that isrequired. It differs |
{nothing mfhapeor colour from ours in Exgland.
The Cedar is without queftion the moft ufeful timber inthe Timber
| Iand 5 for being Strong, lafting,and not very heavy, tis good for buil- *reess
| ding butby xeafonof the fmoothnefand fairnefs of the grain, there|
| is much of itus’d in Wainfcots , Chairs , Stools , and other Utenfils
wichindores; but, as they grow, I never faw any of them beautifully
The Mattick isa.treeverytall,-bye, the body Sleades and shetefor ofits —
{purs or brac- :
kets. above feven foot from the ground, which, ate fixt.or engrafted in
the body 3 and {ome ofthe fpurs reach out from thetrée to the rootsfo
broad, asthat tables have been madejofaround form,above three foot
anda half diameter, Some treeshave two, fomethree of thefe {purs.
‘This tree hascommonly adoubletop,,one fide being fomewhat higher
than theother. The fit is like none of the réft, ‘tis ofa ftammel co-
Jour, and has neitherskinnor {tone ; but itis more like a Cancre than
a Fruit,. ands accounted semtholaine and thereforé no man taftes it:
“tis, [believe, the feed of the tree, for we fee none other. . The leaves
of this treegrow of {uch a; height, astill they falldown, we can give
The Bully treeis lefs than the Mattick, and beats a. fruit like a Bet-' «Bally
Se Tisin Engladid 5 ‘her body:ftrait, and wellfhap’d 5 henbranches propor- |
tionable, her timber excellent and: lafting. pate! res?
Redwood is a handfonie tree, but not fo lofty as the Mattick, ex- Redwowk |
les ‘reafon othe work-men commend it above’ others. “Tis a|. .
| itidling: tree for eS ; ‘the body. about | two: foot and a —_ 4
. | engines it
their tooles in workingit, and that is) ~~ °°)
/ This: acini axfood asthe: Red-wood 4 én all. relpetis 5 gs and Prickled
Uu is yello-vv00ds
|
A True dined Beall HE iftory
| Iron wood.
Lignum
Vite.
Locuft.
(isa ftrong and Jafting timber, good for building, and for all ufes with-
| in doors.
Iron wood is ¢alled fo, for the extream hardnefs; and with that
| hardnefs it has fuch a heavine(s, as they feldomufeit in building ; be-
fides, the workmen complain that it breaks all their tools. “Tis good }
for any ufe without doors, for neither Sun nor rain can any wayes mol-
lifieit. “Tis much ufed for Coges to the Rollers.
Lignum vite they ufe now and then for the fame purpofe, when the |
other isaway 5 but having nobowling inthat Countrey, little is ufed :
They fendit commonly for Exgland, where. we employ it to feveral
ufes 5 as, for making Bowles, Cabinets, Tables, and Tablemen.
TheLocuft is a tree, not unfitly to be refembled toa Tufcan Pillar ,
plain, maffie, and rurall, like a well limb’d labourer ; for, the burden
it bears being heavy and ponderous , ought to have a body propor-
tionably built, to bearfo great a weight. Thatrare Architect, Vicra-
viws, taking a pattern from Trees, to make his moft exaG Pillars, re-
je&s the wreathed, vined, and figured Columnss and that Columna
| Atticurges, mentioned by himfelf; tohave been a fquared Pillars and
~ “thofe that are fwell’d in the middle, asiffick of a Tympany or Drop-
' fies and chufes rather the {traighteft , moft exact, and bett fiz’d , to
ae
~s
“bear the burthen that lyesonthem.’ So; lookin’ on thefe trees, and
finding them fo exactly to‘anfwer in proportion tothe Tufcan Pillars , |
Icould not but make the refemblance theother way: For, Pillars can-
enor bemore like Trees, than thefe«Irees are like Tufcan Pillars , as
he deferibes them. [have feena Locuft (and not one, but many) that
‘hath been four. foot diameter in the body, near the root, and for fifty |
foot high has leffened fo proportionably, asifit had taken pattern by
theancient Remainders, which Philander was fo precifé in meafuring ,
whichis 4 third part of the wholefhaft upward’, and is accounted as
the moft :gracefulidiminution. The head ‘to this body is {o proportio-
nable,-as you cannot fay, ‘tis too heavy or too light; the branches
large, the {prigs, leaves, and nuts fo thick, ‘as to {top alleye-fight from
| pafling through, and fo even at top , as you would think you might
;walkuponit, and not fink in. The nuts are for the moft part three
-inches and'a half‘long, and about two inches broad , and fomewhat
pmore than an inchthick 5 the fhell fomewhat thicker than a half crown
‘Tracelul GIM
piece; of a ruffet Umbre, or hair colour 5 the leaves bigger than thofe
{that grow uponthe Afhin Exgland : I fhall not mention the timber,
-having given itin my Buildings. The Kernels are three or four in every.
nut, and between thofe, a kind of light pulpy fubftance, fich as isin a
“0% }Hazle-nut, ‘before the kernel be grown to the full bignefs : Intimes of
| greatfamine there; the poor people have eaten them for fuftenance :
But ofall taftes, Idonotlike them. ~ ) oy
-pss@nother Locuft there is, “which they call the baftard-Locuft. This
fair, but willnot laft. — Sate
: ‘Where-isa treecalled the Palweto,growing near the Sea-coaft,which
he ‘being a fandy light ground, doesnot afford that fub{tance: of mould , | °
tomake a large tree; nor fhall-you find in that low part ofthe Ifland, |
any confiderable trees fit for building, which is a main want and hin- |
derance to them that! would biiild there; for, there is no means to.
; tran{port |
ja
of the INand of Barbadoes.
tranfport any from the highlands, by reafon of the unpaflableneS of
the wayessthe body of this tree I have {zen about 45 or 50 foot high,the
Diameter feldom above 15 or 16 inches, therind ofa pure ath colour, :
fullof wrinkles, the leaves about two foot and a half Jong , in bun-.
ches, juft as ifyoutook twenty large flags, with their flat fides toge-
ther, and tyed them at the broader ends. - With thefe bunches they.
thatch houtes, laying every bunch by him(elf on the lathes,fomewhat.
to overhang one another, as tiles do. Thisis a very clofe kind of
thatch, keeps dry and is very lafting, and looking up to them on the
| infide ofthe room , they are the prettieft becomming figures that I
| have feen of chat kind,thefe leaves grow out no where but at the tops
ofthe trees. i ea ings
Another kind of Palmeto there is, which as it hath an addition to Dalaeins
the name,hath likewife anaddition tothe nature: for! believe there is Royal,
hot a more Royal or Magnificent tree growing on the earth, for
beauty and largenefs, notto be paralell’d; and excells, foabundantly |
in thole two properties and perfections, all the reft, as if you had e- :
ver feen her, you could not but have fallen in love with her; I’m fure’
| Lwasextreamly much, and upon good and antique Authority : For if,
Xerxes {trange Lydian love the Plantane tree, was lov d for herage, |
why may not [love this for her Jargenef ? [believe here are more Wo- |
men lov'd forthetr largencfs than their age, ifthey have beauty foran ~~
addition, asthis hath, and therefore I am refolved in that poynt, togo
along with the multitude, who run very. much that way : but how to.
fet her out inher true thape and colour, without a Pencil, would ask |
better pen than mine 5 yet Iwilldeliver her dimenfionsas near truth |
‘as I pee Es pags oe, ch wall a: t of that. But firft)
I will beg leave of youto fhew her inher infancy, which is about ten
or twelve years old, at which time fhe is about feaventeen foot high,|
her body, and her branches, and that part which touches the ground, | ;
not unlike an. {nkhorne,whichI have feen turn’din Ivory,round.at the |
-bottome, and. bellied at that part which Holds the Inkes andthe ftem’
or body of the:tree, growing lef, as that part which holds the Pens, |
buttura‘d bya more skilful workman 3 and fome of this body, part |
tawny, part purple, with Rings of white and green mixt, that go about 2
her 5. and thefe Rings at fix Inches diftanee. This ftem, tobe about |
| fix foot anda half high, upon which growes the botrome of the |
fialks, thin as leaves of parchment, enwrapping one.another fo
_ | clofe asto make a continued {tem, of the fame bignefs, or two foot and,
jahalf above the other, every ftone of thofe filmes or. skins, bearing |
a ftalk, which leffens {0 tafcafibly, fromthe skin to the poynt, as none
but the great former of all beauty canmake the like.
. Thefe ftalks or, branches,,..arc of feveral lengths, thofe that are
| the molt inwardyare the higheft, and every onc of thofe ftalks adorn’d
| with leaves, beginning. a litcle from the filmes to the poynt, and all
| thee Leaves like Cylinders, tharp at either end, and biggelt in the’
dle: that part of the {tem which isthe enwrappings of the filmes!
cs
_ jofa puregrallgyrcen, thiping as parchment dyed green, and flicke|
| with a. flick-(tone, and As a BRE with the leaves, of a full grafs}
| green {preading every way, and the higheft of them eight foot above |
co as “ee a the
tin
®
r ae : ps
SA I AEST ec «og
96
at rheedh Exatt H iflry 2
the greenftem, the other inorder tomake a well fhap'd Top, to fo
beautiful aftem. The branches {prout forth from the middle, or in-
trinfick part of the tree, one at once ; and that wrapt up fo clofe as. “tis
rather like a Pike thana branch with leaves > and that Pike alwayes
bends towards the Eaft ; but being opened by the Suns heat {preads
the leaves abroad, at which time the outmoft or eldeft branch or | -
{prig below withers and hangs down, and pulls with it the film that
bears it, and {fo both it and the film’ which holds it upturn of aruffet
colour and hang down like a dead leaf, till the wind blows them off 5 |
by which time the Pike above is becomea branch, with all its leaves
opened ; then comes forth another Pike, and then the next outmoft
branch and film below, falls away as the former, and fo the tree STOWS
fo much higher, as that branch took room, and { a pike and a dead}
leaf, a pike anda dead leaf; till fhe be advanc’d toher full height, |
which will not be till 100 years be accomplifhed : about thirty or
forty years old, the will bear fruit, but long before that time, chan- > that
}when ‘theyveame firlt apon theTiland ,“ they have feérfome of them
|three hundred foot high::Aind {ome reafons [ have to perfwade meto
believe it 5 fox, amongft chofe that F have {een growing , which I have |
|-gueft to bé-two hundred foot high, the bodies of which I meafured;|
j and found tobe but fixteeninches diameter. °‘And I onéé found itia
| wood,a tree: lying, which {eemed to have been long’ fallen 3 for, the
| young wood was{o grown about her , “as ftanding atone end, I could
| not fee the other: But, having a couple of Negros with me, that were
| axe-men;: Jcaufed them to cut away ‘the*wood that-gtew about the
tree, that might come to'the‘other end, which thought would ne-
j ver be done, the: was fo'longyand yet'a great part of her'cut off , and
| carried away.. Imeafuredithedianteter'6f her{tem, arid found it to be
SMeamihesiomici of: asl nsiiiatcS jad? oe Isligho%t on: |
|-cdNowafwe gooey therwie of Threexpand fay’; if 26 inches diameter |
| |make200 foot high , whar’fhall 25 inches > And by'this rule we thall
| prove her to be 312 fodehight: But thebranches of this tree were all
: |earried away';:fothat Ecould feenone of them. BatPhave meafured |
a branch of one of thofe:trees of 200 foot high; and found it 25 foot
aise bigtiato yIiEsG 5: “Jedtsaa 5c. OF JOR Sts Yt 7297
DESH Sinda6)
°200 aS HY LW 4363
a Pek | rn
T78 SHITE SOS OSI dois batis “s
- ae es eS et De ee
agro TF (tyes ter eased ys bad tise vs
re f ee ’ ~ r?
7
ae
Q
See Pe ee Se a 2 rr ~~ > ore ha
S$ 3 . Perri re< o~<% Ixy Tr = >FS ris
~—o ZF * 10 CSG is SB; 3429052285 F iD we 5 & Meo ES j
re Rte So ites = = bs: ee | Se aret rae
terteiig ? cr ¢ 93C Fig ne 2% Here, Curit ¢ rifts + >t5 > |
Fri 2 2 eas +3 a MEL 3) SIPs Pest
: ait clon s :
enc s } . fee ‘nn + ae ed i . F 3
SRF SI2 ON ase 853, > i2 ity a hb 6Yih -
é "
- + bhai ~ . : - .
Pwr en oa =p | ‘ . 4 . ~ ‘ 4 “ree
30 Say no eS So ie ee wet To 32 4 39
. oe aed - "? s% rrrrmet etx ; > oR
™~ -
Sri 3 Ff TO Sis Pid cies J MOstsY : . TiS
long. :Sothen, by the Aiie Rule? IPse0 foot ‘high beara branch of
25 foot long; What {hall a Tree of 312 foot high ‘do? “AndI fee by
the fame Rule, it ‘appears'to be 39 foot long. And one of thefe trees,
after fhe comes to bear fruit, will have novlef® that¥ 20. branehes at’
onece,.( but many. more’ iiPhernonage) |
+ -Og. xX them
78
A True and Exatt Hiffory
them (unlefs towards the points) two foot long, that part which tou
ches the ftalk, {mall, but {trong enough to bear the leafe, aud hath a
little fhort ftalk, to which the leafe growes, which leafe is. as exactly
form'd as the ftalk, growing.by degrees, to make two inches broad.
in the middle, and lofing that breadth infénfibly tothe poynt;, - Thefe
leaves are thin, but tough enough to indure the f{trongeft.wind that
blowes, without being broken, and not above four inches diftantone
from another ;. which multiplicity of leaves, makes the beauty of the
tree the fuller. About the time this tree parts. with her belly,& growes
to a flender kind of thape,fhe drawes up amongft her rootsfome ofthe
foyle that bred her, about two foot higher than the levellof ground
that isnear.its and by reafonit isheld in by an infinity of {mall Roots,
that come from the body, it there remains firm, and falls not downs
the outfideofthis earth is about a foot round about, broader than the
Diameter of the Tree ; fo that if the Diameter ofthe Tree bea foot,the
Diameter of thiscarth is three foot at top, but fomwhat more below ;
for the fidesare not {0 {teep asto hold one breadth above and below.
If this earth were beautiful, {mooth, and large enough, it might be
called the Pedeftal to that Corinthian Pillar, the Palmeto Royal.
But what is wanting in the Pedeftal, is fupplyed in the dimenfions
of the Pillar 5 for, the Corinthian Pillar is allowed for length but nine
ofherown Diameters, and this will not askeleaveto take 1 50. which
makes her themore beautiful ,.fince the {trength fhe hath, is able to
{upport the weight fhe bears : And forthe Architrave, Frize,and Cor-
nice, they are not to be compar’d to the beauty of the head of this
Pillar, together with the fruit and fupporters. And I believe,if Vetruvi-
_ | the place where they were firft born ; ( Corinth having been without
| other fide, to be 78 foot, upon which the winde cannot but have a
|
us himfelf had ever been where this Pillar grew,he would have chang’d
all his deckings and garnifhings of Pillars, according to the form of this.
And though the Corinthian Pillar be a Column lafcivioufly deckt, like
a Curtefan, and therein participating (as all inventions do) of}
controverfie, one ofthe wantonneft Towns in the world ) yet, this|
wants nothing of her beauty, and yet is chaft, which makes her the
more admirable, andthe more worthy to be prized. One thing more
Thaveto fay ofthis Tree, whichis not only the Root that brings forth
all this beauty,. but the root of much admiration and wonder; that,
being atree ofthat height, bearing a top of fovaft an extent; as from| _
| the poynt of the brancheson one fide, tothe poynt of theftalk onthe |
‘main power and force, yet, I never faw any ofthem blown down, nor
any root ofthis Tree bigger than a Swansquill : but there are many
ofthem, and they. faften themfelves in the Rocks, which hold them
vetyfirm. The wood of this Tree iso extream hard, and tough with-
all,as moft ofthe axes that are imployed to fell them, are broken in
the work , and they are well enough ferved for cutting down fuch}
eanty... The ufe our Planters made of them at firftcomi fore|
ey, Knew how to. make fhingles,was,to faw the bodies of t trees |
to.tuch length, as might reach to the ridge pole, to the Eves of the}
houfe.s for they were ollow, and:then fawing them long’ wife, there+
were two,concaves, which they laid together, fetting the hollow fides
up-
ot
eee ae ae fen, |
Ths plant here exprest ts of the
buta foot m diametre, and the height
his owne diametre; a ae have
the Ilend, which have bin two foot
-
tse tymes theyr omne - ‘;
ae
Sg OP i
Ngee 2
A Scale of 50 feet
of the Land of Basbedois 79
| upward 5 and wherethey clofe, one to covér them, with the hollow,
fide downward, and fothewhole houfeover. And this was the ufe
they made of thebodies ofthefe Trees, for which, very many of them
were deftroyed, :
But, { doubt, Phave tir'd you with naming fo many Trees,and there-
fore I willgiveover 5 but with this rule, that which way foever I have
travelled é from the place [dwelt) either Eaft, Weft, North,orSouth,
€ but four miles diftant) I have ftill found trees, fuch as I had never
feen before, and not one of thofeI have named, and many of them
éxtreamly large and beautiful. And the nearer the middle of the
Hand, the largerthe trees, and the leaves; {fo that from trees ofa hun-
dred foot high, toa diminution of twenty;and from leaves of cighteeh |
inches long, witha proportionable breadth to that length, to the {mall |
ones of halfan inch, which moft of the trees bear that (SX Vear_ the |
Bridge, and,[ think, near the Sea, every where you fhall find many,
and the moft fuch. And the reafonI have given béfore; the laid in
tues. kc 8 : |
> There are (befides the Bay-leaves, which, asI told you, might ! p
ferve for Cloves, Mace, and-Cinamon). two forts of ea Gieareth py a
and red-Pepper: The Giuger being a root whichbrings ades, | Ginger,
not unlike infhapeto theblades of Wheat, but broader and thicker, :
forthey cover the ground, as you'canaot fee any part of it. They
are of a Popinjay colour,;the bloffome a pure Scarlet. When 'tis ripe,
we dig up theroots, (cutting off theblades >) and put them into the
hands ofan Overfeer, who fets many of the young. Negroes to fcrape
them with litle knives, or {mall Iron{puds, ground to an edge. They |
are to{crape all the outward skin off, to kill the fpirit 5 for, without
that, it will perpetually grow. Thofe.that have Ginger,and not hands
to drefsit thus, are compelled to fcald it, to kill the fpirit 3 and that
Ginger is nothing fo good as the other, for it will be hard as wood,and
black, whereas the ferapt Ginger is white and foft, and hath a cleaner
and quicker tafte. |
not to be difcernedat the diftance of two paces; a crimfonand fcarlet
mixt, the fruit about two inches long, and fhines more than the beft
polifht Coral, ‘Fhe other of thefame colour, and gliftermg as much,
| but fhap’t Itkealarge Button’of.a Cloak ; both of one and the fame
sper 3 both fo violently ftrong, as when we break but the skin, it
ends out fuch-a' vapour ito‘our Lungs, as we fall all a Coughing,
which lafts aquarter of an ‘hour’ after'the fruit is removed ; but, as
long.as we are'garbling it, wenever give over. This Spice the Spaniards |
love;-and:will have it i all their nicat, that. they intend to have pr
| cant sfor-a greater Hongh'goe isnot inthe world. | Garlick is faintand|
cool to it. It growes-on a’ little fhrub, no bigger than a Goosberry |
bufh. | : | _ Having]
Jona mmm” ~ enemies i ind gman ~ oS
There is of this kind two forts 3 the one fo like a childs Goral, as Red Pepper,
P
80
ae
Mellons.
dae. Las 5
+4 = Sa
1e»
Cucumber.
|movethem; This fruit with
| on'this Ilan
many: other rarities that fhe excels other Plants.in, I hall éndeavour}
to do her right in my defeription... And firft, for.themanner of plan-}
| fort time, there will come forththree or four {prouts, whereofone has}
the:precedence,| and holds that-advantage, (as the prime Hawkedoes|: - |
in.an eepeye) And as this.fprout growes, -it {prings from the —
of th
comes to be eight or t
A True aid Exad Hiftory,
Having inflam’d this leafe with a burning heat, itis fit to apply-a
Cooler, left it fallon fires and that 1s fuch-a one, as iscoldinthethird |
degree,a Cucumbers of which kind iwe-have,excellent good, fromthe
beginning of November, to the end of February;but after that, the wea-
ther growes toohot. They ferve as Sallets éold , witli Oyle) Vinegar,
and Peppers and. hot, being ftewed, ov fryed.,: ofiwhich'! we make
Sawee for Mutton; Pork!, Turkeys, or Mufcovia: Ducks. | Geefe'l
never faw but two in the Ifland | and thofe‘wereé at the:Governours
-houfe.o err Sv. be ae ERO Jou bus Siok 159!
-oMillons we have likewife for thofe.four months 5; but beforesor af
ter, the weather is too hot. ‘They are:for the moft part largerthan
here inExglard. Vhavefeen them cut four inches thick:they eat mot-
fter then: here: they: do ; which -makes;them:the lefs: wholfome. We
take: oN ecine (after the {eeds.are put into th ground ) but to
weed them. Ihave feenofthem fxteen inches long... i:/3 | .! mete
=i {The Water Millon there, isone; of the-gooditelt frinits that growes.
have feen'ofthem,big:asa,Gloakbag;vwith a fait of cloaths in it; pure
. ce
ly. grat raw to : :
difpofing thofe figures, as though they be.upon all pants ofthe fruics
tobe found uponsthe rinde, that is like one another, and the whole
&
dy-greef} engrayl’d: with ftraw Colour 5:'And {0 Wanton. Natures; in |
rinde as 'fmooth as politht. glafs.: Wherethey putoutupo:
there they lie; for the’ Vineth rt fi
hin isnot-tnlike-ah Aapledoreasiour, but
for-tafte , not like-any fruit 1 know in Breland ; waterith, and wals)
lowith; yet the people there eat {trange quantities Of it, two or three:
pieces, big, :asifcut roundabout a twelve-penriy doafe,aninch thick:
Fhe: feeds are. o ves foftre aPurple, as to. dye. that pat of.
the fruit ittouches, ofthe fame colours -and till they do fo, the fruit
isnot full ripe They account the largeff,beft, Extreamly full of feeds:
theyiare,which in the eating'flip out. with, fuch eafe, as they! are not at
alltroublefome.:. - Biss
but they are never ripe together; fome’ may be pickt out: to: make
Wines but it will be fo {mall'a quantity, as'it will n .
the bunch. : :
-: Though:the Plantine bear not'the moft delicious fruit that growes
ds:yer, for that fhe is of great ufe, and beauty too, and:for
ee Os 4
‘tag; .We put a:root into the ground, fixinches deep ,. and in avery}.
oe : es aa : meee
=they grow by, has not ftreneth tore2|
ot be.worth the |
fick, part ftem, and.the out-leaves hang .down.and rot; but}
which opened with the Sun, becomes,a Jeafes and about the time ith
idan B ree aie
]
$
ee ee
n foot high, theipikes., ee te
Saeieneeieeceetieaaneaaieniil
Grapes we have in theIfland; anid they.are indifferently. well talted, j
while’ There is-alwaics (ome: green, fome ripe, fome rotten grapes in}
{till new. ones come within, asrifeup.as the Palmeto does, like'a pikes}:
yet,they-vary and flow{o infinitely: and noinch of{quare or circle is}
They hold it rarely cooling to;the:body, and: excellent forthe ftone: |
' i - ‘
‘
Madi \
fii! -
Wy
Wt
i) |
a r- |
tee ,
\ ws
is
ip
aqoof.
a ee
Bessy
Bar
a t
: |
of the Ifland of Barbadoes.
©}.
a)
ot
a.
“OD
ww
iy
= |
cr
>
a
Pu
=.
yz}
oO
<
O
mt
(> ye
m
pe
te
oO
pt]
oh
tt
eer
ct
cealiel
wm
rt.
J.
a)
a
=|
am}
ro
o
i
=z
fm
5
pr
ct
ho
a
d
| being feven or 32
| but to look on. °
ee
*
wawards, and fo .continues,. without
d
ple that holds the long-Boat ofa Ship 3 of,as
,
_ | The Bonano differs nothing from .
ree Fe
at. bears.
ra
SI
— S,
eres
“82
Pine.
.-} her fhape and manner of growth, which though I muft acknow-
e , led
A Trueand Exat Hiftory
{ leaves, but only this, that the leaves are fomewhat lefs,, and the bodie.
has here and there fome blackith fpots, the bloffome no bigger thena
large bud of a Rofe ; of a faint purple, and Ath-colour mixt, the ftalk
that bearsit, adorn’d with fmall bloflomes, of f{everal colours; when.
they fall off, there comes out the fruit, which does not turn back
as the Plantines do, but ftand outright likea bunch of puddings, all
neerof a length, and each of them between four and five inches
long. This fruit is of a {weeter tafte then the Plantine 5 and for that
reafon the Negroes will not meddle with them, nor with any fruit that
hasa {weet tafte; but we find them as good to ftew, or preferve, as
the Plantine, and willlook and tafte more like Quince: This tree
wants little of the beauty of the Plantine, as fhe appears upon the
ound, in her full growth 5 and though her fruit be not fo ufeful a food
or the belly, asthat of the Plantine, yet fhe has fomewhat to delight
the eyes, which the other wants, and that is the picture of Chrift up-
on the Crofs; folively expreft,as no Limnercan do it ( with one
colour.) more exactly 5and this is feen, when you cut the fruit juft
crofs as you dothe root of Ferne, to find a fpread Eagle : but this is
much more perfect,the head hanging down, the armes extended to the
full length, with fome little elevation 5 and the feet crof§ one upon a-
nother.
This I will {peak asan Artift ; let a very excellent Limner, paint a
Crucifix, only with one colour, inlimning 5 and let his touches be as
| fharp, and as mafterly as he pleafes, the figure no bigger then this
which is about aninch long, and remove that picture at {uch a diftance
fromthe tye, as to lofe fome ofthe Curiofity, and dainty touches of
the work, fo as the outmoft ftels, ,or profile of the figure may be per-
fectly difcern’d, and at fuch a diftance 5 the figure in the fruit of the
| Bonano, fhall feem as perfect asit : much may be {aid upon this fubjec& |
by better wits, and abler fouls then mine: My contemplation being |
only this, that fince thofe men dwelling in that place profefling the
names of Chriftians, and denying to preach to thofé poor ignorant
harmlefs fouls the Negroes, the dotrine of Chrift Crucified, which
might convert many of them to his worfhip, he himfelf has fet up his] -
own Crofs, to reproach thefe men, who rather then they will lofe
the hold they have of themas flaves, will deny them the benefit and
bleffing of being Chriftians. Otherwife, why is this figure fet up
for thef€ to look on, that never heard of Chrift, and God never made }
any thing ufelefs, or in vain. 3
Now to clofe up all that can be faid of fruits, Imuft name the Pine,
for inthat fingle name, all thatis excellent in a fuperlative degree,
for beauty and tafte, is totally and fammarily included: and ifit were
ere tofpeak for it felf, it would fave me much labour, and doit {elf}
ee)
does, in bringing forth the fruitsfor ‘tis a full year before it be ripes but:
‘« \=--| Whenit comes to be eaten, nothing of tare ta(tecan be thought on
tis not there; noris it imaginable, that fo fulla Harmony of taftes|
canbe raiféd out of fo many parts, and all diftinguifhable, But before
Tcometo fay any thing of that, I will give you fome little hints of
ge}
much right, Tis true, that it takes up double the time the Plantine}
—
Va |
The Bonano with ¢ Ala
»
thefrut ripe
of the Ifland of Barbadoes.
83
ledg my felf to be down-right lame, in the expreffion 5 yet rather
then you thall lofe all, I will indeavour to reprefent fome of her beau-
ties, infuch faint expreffions as I have. A Slip taken from the body of
this plant, and fet in the ground, will not prefently take root, but the
Crown that growes upon the fruit it felf will fooner come to per-
fection then it 3 and will have much more beauty all the time of
growing, In a quarter Of a year, it willbea foot high, and then the
leaveswill be about 7 or 8-inches long, which appear to your eyes
like Semi-Circles: the middle beinz a little hollow, fo as I have feen
a french fword, that is made for lightnefs and ftrength. ._The colour
for themoft part, fro{t upon green, intermixt with Carnation, and
upon edges of the leaves, teeth like thofe upon Sawes, and _ thefe
are pure incarnadine. The leaves fall over oneanother, asthey are
plac’t higher onthe {tem 5; the points of the loweft, touching the
| ground ;ina quarter of a year more, you fhall perceive onthe top
of the ftem a Bloffome, as large as the Jarge{t Carnation, but of diffe-
rent colours, very {mall flakes, Carnation, Crimfon and Scarletin-
termixt, fome yellow, fome blew leaves, and fome Peach Colour,
intermixt with purple, Sky colour, and Orange tawny,Gridaline, and
Gingeline, white and Philyamort. Sothat the Bloflome may be
faid to reprefent many of the varieties to the fight, which the fruit
does to the tafte, thefe. colours will continuea week or ten dayes,
{and then witherand fall away, under which there will appear a little
bunch of the bignefs of a Walnut which has in it all thefe colours
mixt, which in the blofiome were difperit; and fo grows bigger for. two
months more, before it fhewsthe perfect thape, whichis fomewhat of
_|an Oval form, but bluntat either end 5 and at the upper end, growes
out a Crown ofleaves, much like thofe. below for colour, but more
beautiful ; fome ofthe leaves ofthis Crown, fix inches long 5; the out
leaves, fhorter by degrees. Thisfruit is inclos’d with a rind, which
begins witha {crew at the ftalk,and foit goes round till it comesto the
top or Crown, gently rifing, which {crew is about 4 of an inch
broad;and the figures thatare imbroydred upon that {crew neer of
‘that dimenfion, and divifions between. And it falls out fo, as thofe
divifions are neverover one another in the fcrew, but are alwayes
under the middleof the figures above, thofe figures-do vary foin the
colouring,as if you fee an hundred Pines they are not one like another,
and. every one of tho(e figures hasa little tuft or beard, fome of green, |
fome yellow, fome Afh colour, fome Carnation : There are two forts
of pines, the Kingand Qeen Pine - The Queen is far more delicate,
and has her colours of all greens, with their fhadowes intermixt, with
faint Carnations, but moft of all froft upon green, and Seagreens. The
King Pine, has, for the moft part, all forts of yellows, with their fha-
dowes intermixt with graf greens, and is commonly the larger Pine.
LT have {een forme ofthem 14 inches long, and. fix inches in the diame-
tre ; they never grow to be above four foot hi h, but the moft of them
having heavy bodies, and flender ftalks, lean dovvn and reft upon the
round. Some there are, that ftand upright, and have coming} ~
on ofthe ftem, belovv, fome fprouts of their own kind, that bear}
| fruits which jett out from the {tem a little, and then rife upright, I
ee Be gat: ; have
=
CL COCR TE
H .
=
a
$4
Canes, with | has been a guick paflage.and the fruites taken in the nick of time ; but,
the manner | that happens very feldom. But, that they fhould be brought from the}.
3 | Barbadoes,is impoflible, by reafon of the feveralClimatesbetween} —
| We brought inthe fhip feventeen of feveral growths, but all rorten,|
A True and Fxatt.Fiftory.
‘offthe crovvit, and fend that out to be planted; and then vvitha knife, |
have feena dozenof thefe ‘round about ‘the prime fruit, butnot fo
highas the bottom of that,and the whole Plant together, fhews like
‘Father in the middle, anda dozen Childrenround about him; and}° °
all tho will take their turnesto be ripe, and all very good. When
this fruit is grown toa ripenefs, you fhall perceive it by the {mell,
which is asfar beyond thefmell of our choiceft fruits of Europe, Ws the
tafte is beyord theirs. When we gatherthem, we leave fome' ofthe
ftalk to take hold by ; and when vve come to eat. them, vve firft cut
vigorous fharpnefs 5 and betvveen thefetvvo extreames, of fharp and
- | fiveet, liesthe relifh and flavor ofall fruits that are excellent; andthofe|
_ | thofe of fuch**formes and ‘colours, as ‘tis a very beautiful fight to
look on, and in-vitesthe appetite beyond meafure. Of this fruit you
ny thoughts which way this fruit mightbe brought into Exgland, but
| cannot fatisfie my felf in any-; preferv’d it cannotbe, whole ; for, the
finde is is {6 firm and tough,as no Sugarcanenter ims and if youdivide
it'in peices, ( the fruit being full of pores) all the pure tafte will boyle
| Out.’ *Tis true, that the Dutch preferve them at Ferzambock, and fend|
them home‘; but they arefichas are young, and their rinde foft. and
tender + ‘But thofe never came to their full tafte, nor can we know by |
the tafte ofthem; what the othersare. Fromthe Bermudoes, (ome have|
8 i: ‘Though Ihave faid as much as is fit, and no more then truth, of rie
fs \the Beauty aid tafte of thefe formentioned Trees and Plants, beyond.
pare offthe rindé, vvhichis:fo beautiful, as it grieves us to: rob the fruit
offuch anornament 3 nor vvould we do it, but to enjoy the precious
fub{tance it contains; like a Thief, that breakes a beautiful Cabinet,
which we would forbear to do, but forthe treafure he expects to find
within. ~The rinde being taken off,vve lay the fruit ima dith, and cut
it ii flices, halfan inch thick ; and as the knife goes in, there ites
out ofthe pores of the fruit,a liquor, cleer as Rock-vvater,neer about |
fix fpoonfulls; vvhich is eaten whith a{poon 3 and as you tafte it, you
find it in ahigh degree delicious, but fo milde, as you can diftinguith
nO‘tafte at all; but when you bite a pieceofthe fruit, it is fo violently
fharp,as you vvould think icvvould fetchall the skin offyour mouth;
bit, before your tongue have made a fecond trial upon your. palat,
youfhall perceive fuch a fvveetnefs to follovv, as perfectly to cure that
taftés will change and flow fo: faft upon your palate, as your fancy can
hardly keép way with them, to diftinguifhthe one from the other:
and this at Jeaft to'a tenth examination, for fo long the Eccho will Jaft, |
This fruit within;is‘neer of the colowwof an Abricot not full ripe; and
éates ¢rifpe and fhort; as'that. does 3obut: it is» full-of pores, and
may eat plentifully, without any danger of furfeting. | have had mas
been brought hither in their full ripenefs and-perfe@ion, where there
;
i 5
fore we'came halfe the way. | di
e
which; ‘the Sun with his mafculine force cannot beget, nor the tees}
A
: mitig Earth: bear sall which-are proper and peculiar to the Mand ; for
they |
‘The fut Storie of the Cureing houfe where the potts jtand which hold the Suger andis 8:foote 4 inches :
. trom the ground haveing ig.-fteps to rife of 9 inches to a flepp . A
$r[ ee e :
$8] a Ba Ect EE ST tery eis |
re -—— i i — +] #1
S >| fe fa a HS = TI telel
s 3.] fe ele ‘Sa Ges Sy SRR a a ap PT felel |
4 * ¢ eje i Pot Cel |
Me. Je éle aie BS PS es eS Bg ee ee 4 at ex a e€\e
tu x = ee Cc = Cc }— c c. 4+ ie c
=i | ae PA ES EE CA A etl
a Ae. ieee Beh as
ee | A BE Gel GH ER BS oo EH i |
e % a eje Sa ie a ele
ee !
Se |_| Lbs] He tae ts
eS | —— Be | an
Be. 4 | [ele] et Hy ||
a | | i Bey Ee |
> 3 | (clelel 68
Ba! | ele Sela He | c-tieHijc
eee] | iS zie aia
may | | te pas au
ba | eat BS jeje} jefe] jefe |e je! f el hal
; , + i Baers
Jes The Index of the Cureing houfe . Lb | | c. the pasages betweene the pots upon theflour above
a. the toome where they knock out the fuger whenit ts cured, ia _d.the great pafsage in the midle of the rome from endto end
or made t1to whites, and is called the Jnocking roome ; f | | e. the topps of the
when: they knock ttout for mufcavados, they finde the v : UI and hang betweene ftantions of timber borne up by verte
J midle of the pott well coloured, but the upper and nether parts, | ftrong and Mafsy Studs or pots, and girded or bract
fa browner, colour the topp frothy and light, the bottom verie | in Pm with Iron plates or wood, the length of the potts
: browne and full Melofses, both which they fett afide tobe - : ' are 26. or 2,8 : inches long made taper downeward, and
t boyld aganine ) the M ofses in the Cifterns of which they | b Wf hold about 30. pound of Suger. :
F . make Penneles, which though ithe aworfe binds of fuger wm the : 5 Jj. the walls of the roome which is 100.foot long and
‘ Spenditg yet you ee it fromthe fecond fort ee 4.0 . fo ot broade within, they have fome mes a
cove [uger . fo ote . gt -
ee See doris: | , : = si = y sti | : _— ftorve of potts aboue this .
ee | Settrricrrrs a se eee em Si
ee , 3 a h é
: The ground roome of the (wreing houfe of the place where the squiter s ly w. convey 7 Molofses toy Cifterns
; 7 WEE f Gi SEE ET sone eee rE Tar ae rar tts rere er as reser Aaa VIE EST INST wie We ee
‘ a | } ES ag, ar oe aS | A et i a I IR Ti Trott Te TT Tt 2 6 a ee a
i : , i i) t
. i
j
ieee
i |
c
c e Cc
c
-
|
To
c e lS
) BSE ae
7 SE ee |
98, the lores : gertes * Fike veh bich silts be accompted
el sé Noe steerer the gutters — a "two foot thick-,...\_ there are feldeme any windows
oA the Mobfses till they hoyle te which omc i ty Cowrwings Teele, 7 ie
“6 ae SE er i comonly | the cure of the fuge
- they doe one Mie sey epee k enemy to the c of of,
Wiles yeeke . agi I ra (panns of well kindled co unto the roome
fe Manele me mee eed rem wee ete tt
Ga
=
l prities or Don orme : the g. ngénio that grinds or 2 ' | )
ete REN Mit res WA canes Ww ihe dphes re ss das 3 i he: ;
9
&
Nelelelelelelelplelelrlelelele tele! e | |e
%
ipielelelelele Pele lela lelPlelelelP
EAR Sa ; Zi Si OE HN ae re ~
Dee ae
The right of the Ingenio or Mill that fqueefeh or
sen gl 0 pf the bajo which muft be 7 Maher ie Ce
b. the frame of the Ing ento'
c. the planks that beare up the Rollers
ie the fuporter or pr opp that beares upp thofe planks
ee ie feof cs a :
ee the. fhaft that is grafted into the midle roller
whichturnes both the other
§ - the fwepes that come over all f worke
and reach toy Circle where the horfes
and Caitle draw.
h . theBrackets that ke
a.t
epe the frame
fe
from fh ateiny pia there
muft be
rinds the Suger Canes un ie eee |
. the fides Pe bees which ove forthe pojts Mice: which
box the houfe and are plact att tenfoote diftance with Brackets
. above and below to ftrengthen them forbeareing up the plates of the
houfe aboue .
ry ox out Brackets that keepe the pofts from farting
L . the great Beame to which the Shaft 5 si eile
Roller is let im by a eres and goes
crofs the midle ad hou.
m. . the Brackets eke oe the great beame
and likewefe all the Roofe ‘e houfe
n. the Ro Roofs or cover fe bone.
ie 7
eae
rey
| | knowledge gis thing, vvhich fo much ¢oncerned them in their parti-
*
ae : Se a 3
Sid A a ei rk
| which has @ property beyond them all; and that is the Sugdr-Cane,
_| which though ic has but one fingle tafte, yet, that full {weetrefs has
|fuch a benign faculty, as to preferve all the reft from corruption ,
| which, without it, would taintand become rotten; and not Only the
of. And that I may the more.fully and amply fet her off , I will give
| Of September, 1647. we were informed, partly by thole Planters we
_ | found there, and partly by our own obfervations, that the great work
| of Sugar-making , was but newly prattifed by the inhabitants there.
{Some of the moft induftriows men, having gotten Plants from Fer-
| and finding them to'grow, they planted more. and more, .4s they
4 gtew and multiplyed on the place., till they had fuch.a confiderable
j Humber, as they were worth the while to fet. up avery {mall Ingenio,
‘}the fecrets of the work being not well underftood., the Sugars they
| years.Bur they | LT OUES LIOR RAN PEACE ZS
_ | tleto mend;, and by new directions from Bra/i/,fometimes by rangers,
‘| and now and then by their own people, (who being covetous of the
=
of the Ifland of Barbadoes.
85
e they were planted there by the great Gardiner of the World. Yet,/ |
there is.one brought thither as a {tranger, from beyond the Line,
fruits of this Tiland, but of the world, which isa {pecial preheminence!
due to this Plant, above all others, that the earth or world can boatt
you all the obfervations made, from my_firft arrival on the Ifland,
When planting there, was but in its, infancy, and but faintly under-
j {tood, to the time I left the place, when it was grownto a high per-}
fe@ion. gee :
Atthetime we landed on thisIfland , which was in the begianing
watbock, a place in Bralil, and made tryal of them at the Barbadocss
and fo make tryal what Sugar could be made upon that foyl. But ,
ding their errour
made hosed d inconfiderable, and little worth , for two or three
ev fir their errours-by thei 4 actice.beaarlra it-
‘Gees eR
ers
ee >
aa
culars, and forthe general good of the. vyhole Ifland) vyere content
fometimes to make'a voyage thither, to improve their knovvledge in
a thing they fo much defired. Being now.made much abler to make
| their queries; of the fecrets of thatmyftery, by how much their ofteii
failings, had put themto often {tops and nonpluffes in the work:, And
| nain
| points, that much conduced to the work; viz, The manner of Plan-
| 36 A Trne and Breall Hiftory
to have, caufed the Sugars to be lean, and unfit to keep. Befides,
they were grown greater proficients, both in boyling and curing them,
and had learnt the knowledge of making them white , fuch as you
call Lump Sugars here in England 5 but not fo excellent as thofe they
make in afl nor is there any likelyhood they can ever make fuch: |
the land there being better, and lying ina Continent, fiiuft needs have |
'couttantér and fteadier weather , and the Aire much diier and purer,
| than it can be in fo {mall an Nand, and that,of Barbadoess And now,
feciiig this commodity, Sugar, hath gotten fo much the ftart of all the
reft of thofe, that were held the {taple Commodities ofthe Iland, and
fo much ovet-top't them, as they are forthe moft part flighted and
neglected. And, for that few in Exgland know the trouble and care of
malig it, [think it convenient, in the firlt place, toacquaint you, as
far as my memory will fervé, with the whole procefs of the work of |
Sugar-making , which is now grown thé foul of Trade‘in this Hand.
And leaving to.trouble _you and my felf, with relating the errours our
. Predeéééffors {6 long wandted-in; f- will in brief fer down the right
and beft way they practifed, when I left the Ifland, which, I think, will
admit of no‘gteater or farther improvement, FERS tee
~ But, befote Iwill begin With that, I will let you fe, how much the
landthere hath been advane’d in the profit, fince the’ Work of Sugar
began, tothe time’ ofour landing there, Which was-not above five or
fix ycars: For, before the work. his Plantation of Major Hillj:
ar ':, of five htmdred actes} could have béén’ purchafed for four hun-
dred pound {térliug 5. and-ttow the halfe ‘this Plantatiott,, with the
hafte of the Stock upon it, Was fold for feven Hep poutid ftetling.
And it is evident, ‘that all the daiid there, which has’ béen ittiployed to
fiat Work Hath found the tike improvément. « And [ believe, when
oh good Sugars for, the liquor wanting of the fweetnel it cup |
the faiall Plahtastons im poor’ mens ‘haitds, often; twenty, or thirty
| acres, which are too fmall t6 Tay to that wark, be bought up by great
: fife, and put together, into Plantations offive, fix, or févén hundred
acres, that two thitds of the Hand will be fit for Plantations of Sugar, |
| which ‘will make it one of the. richeft: Spots of earth ‘under the
OTIS Tol . seb {993190 DAR: SBE ETiChE HIT ena i 75
“And now,fince f have pu tity {elf upon! this Dilcovery, 'T think it|
aie you know ‘the nature of the Phung the right Mee Planting
it, the manner of growth, the time of growing to ripenefs, the manner
| of cutting, bringing homie, the place where'to lay them;beihg brought
| hottie, the time'they may ly¢ thete, without {poyl, the tianner of
prinding or fqueezing them, ‘the conveyance of the liqtior to’ the Cit
| ens, how Jong 1t may ftay there without harme, the manner of boy
» Tiny and 'skimmitig’ with the conveyance of the skimmings into the:
erns, in the Still-houfe, ‘the mannef of diftilling it, which makes.
hi
‘
tongett Spirits that men can drink, with the temper to -be put ins
What rhe tempers, the time of cooling the Stigar before it be putinto
the Pots 5 tlie tinte it ftaics'it‘the Cureing houle, beforeitbe ¢ood
Mufcavado Sugar. . And laft, ‘the making of it into Whites, which we
; fit-a3 } LEER 2 6 Ley
bapa yo ee |
_, Pitt then, “itis fit to fet down, what ‘niamier of place is to be cho-
= fen, |
of the Ifland of Barbadoes. 8%
|fen , to fet this Sugar-work, or Ingetio, upon and it muft ‘be’ the’ |
+952
/mutt vent ic felf at the bottom, otherwife it cannot run all cuts and
Fe, marae 20S ee, ; % promi-
(ed, whichT (hall be'briefin. ~ tem romi-
. When T firft arrived upon the Hand, it. was
And'fo I have done vith the Ingenio, and. now.to the wor
: . he Tan ages 0 oy putpate, t0 Ob)
| ferve their feveral manners of planting and husbandry there; and be-
caule this Pl int was of greatef{t value and efteem, T defired firt the
knowledge ti I {aw by the growth, as well as by what. had been
told, that 1¢ was {trong and Jufty Plant, and fo. He fot as‘ where it |
grew, to forbid all Weeds to ‘grow vety ner it 5 fo thirltily it fuck’t
| the earth for nourifhmient , to maintain its own health aud am
Jantry. ° Sipps arte caeece eee” 4 = BFK neh
ay But the Planters, though they know this te be true, yet, By, their
mannet of Planting , did not rightly purfue theit own knowledge ;
f
for theif manuer was, to dig {mall holes, at thtce foot diftance, or there
abont, and put in the Plants endwife, with a little ftooping, fo that
each Plant brought not forth above three or four fprouts at the moft,
and they being,all faltned to one root, when they grew large, tall,and
heavy, and {tormies of wind andrain came, (ahd thofe raines there,
fall with much violence and weight) the roots were loofened, and the
| Canes lodged, and fo became rotten, ahd tinft. for fervice in making
good Sugar. And belides, the roots being fat aftinder, weeds grew
pup betvveen, and vvorfe then all weeds, Wi hs, vvhich are of a ftron-
| ger grouth then the Canes, and do. much thifchiefe ‘vvhere they ares
Be hey vvinde about them, and pull themn dovvnto the ground,as dit
| daining to {cea prouder Plant than themilelves. But experience taught
Jus, that this vvay of planting vyas molt pernicious; and therefore vvere
| refolved to try another, vvhichis, vvithout queftion,the belts and that
s “9 5 ln anions ae ~ eg ene naa iat 2 emma TA
—_
pened
a:
A True and Exatl Hiflory
is, by digging a {mall trench of fix inches broad, and as much deep,
in a {traight line , the vvhole length of the land you mean to plant ,
laying the earth on one fide the trenchas you make it; then lay tvvo
Canes along the bottomofthetrench, one by another, and fo conti-
ritie them the vvhole length of the trench,to the lands end, and cover |
them vvith the earth you laid by; andattvvo foot diftance, another
ofthe fame, and foa third and fourth, till you have finifh’d all the land |
you intend to plant at that time: For, you muit not plant too much
at once, but have it to grovv ripe fucceflively , that your vvork may
come in orde¥,to keep you ftill doing ; for. if it {hould be ripe all toge-
ther, you are not able to vvork it fo;and then for vvant of cutting,they
vvouldrot,and grovv to lo{s: By planting it thus along, tvvo together,
every knot vvill have a {prout, and fo a particular root, and by the
means Of that, be the more firmer fixt in the ground, and the better
able to endure the vvind and vveather, and by their thick grovving
togetlier , be the {trongerto fupport oneanother. By that time they
have beenin the ground a month, you fhall perceive them to appear 5
like ale Xgieen Whe tin England, that ishigh ehough to hide a
Hare;and ia-amonth more, tvvo foot high at leaft. But upon the firft
months grovvth, thofe that are careful, and the beft husbands, com-
mand their Overfeers to fearch, if any vveeds have taken root,and de-
{troy them, or if any of the Plants fail, and fupply them; for vvhere
tuous to be idle. Or, ifany Withs rovy in thofe vacant places, they
‘vvill {préad very far, and do much harm, :
*
arm, pulling dovynall the Caaes
they can reach to. Ifthis husbandry be not ufed vvhen the Canesare}.
young, it vvill be too late to find aremedy; for, vvhen they aregrovvii
toa height, the blades vvill become rough and fharp in the fides, and
{0 cut the skins of the Negres,as the blood wvill follovv; for their bo-
dies, leggs, and feet , being uncloathed and bare, cannot enter the}
' Canes vvithout fmart and lofs of blood, vvhich they vvill not endure.
Befides., if the Overfeers ftay too long, before they repait thefe void
| places, by new Plants, they. will never be ripe together, which is a
| Very great harm to the whole field, for which there is but one reme-
dy, and that almoft as ill as the difeafe, which is, by. burning the}
whole field; by which they lofe all the time they have grown: But the
Yoots continuing fecure from the fire, there ariles 4 new {pfing all to-
{gether 5 fo that to repair this lofs oftime, they have onely this recom-
| pence, which is, by burning an army of the miain enemies to their pro-
‘fit, Rats, which do infinite harm in the Ifland, by gnawing the Canes , |
| which prefently
of Sugar. And LICE
_ begin to make theif fire at the out-fidés of that land of Canes they:
after will rot, and become unferviceable in the work
_ \@iéari to burn, and fo drive then tothe middle, where ar laft the fire
/ortes, aid burns therh all; and this gteat execution they put often
| Wee Without Affifes or Seffions; for,there are not fo great ene-
Mies to the Canes, as thefe Vermine; as 41(6 to the Houfes, where they
lay Up theirftores of Corn and other prévifions; and likewile in dwel-
ling houfés for their viduals. For, when the great down-falls of rain
| come, which isin
the Plants are vvanting,vveeds vvill grovy; for, the ground is too ver-| |
. h ean§ = se x ;
that they may do this juftice the more fevercly, they | _
a
November and December, and inthe time of the Tur-
ae nado,
A
| of the Ifland of Barbadoes
89
fes, where they do much mifchief. ae |
The Canes with their tops or blades, do commonly grow te
be eight foot high; the Canes themfelves are_ commonly five or fix
foot, (I have feen fome double that length, but “tis but feldome) the)
bodies of them, about an inch diametre, the knots above five or fix
inches diftant one to another, many times three or four inches ,
Lo
a oad
{toom; where one, or two,ormore, (who have other work todo inthe
| Mill-houfe, ) when they fee the Mini
{they go inimediatcly to the field, there to take in frefh loadingsfo that |
|they may not unfitly be compar’d to Bees; the one fetching home
| Hony, the other Sugar: being laid on the Barbyox,we work them out
| clean, and leave none to grow ftale, for if they fhould be more then
|two dayes old, the juyce will grow four, and then they will not be
‘| fit to work, for their fournef&S will infect the reft; The longeft time
‘| they flay, after they are cut; to the time of grinding, is from Saturday |
nets Munday morning at oné or twoa clock; and the neceffity
| of Sunday coming between, (upon which we donot work) caufes us
grinding them, is this, the Horfes and Cattle being put to their tackle,
in
- |make their returnes without a guide 5, So underftanding this little 2
they go about, and by their forceturne (by the {weeps) the middle}
nado, they leave the field, and thelter themfelves in the dwelling hou-/
to fay fo Jong, which otherwife we would not do. The manner of | -
%
g
rollers which being Cog’d to the othertwo, at both ends, turne th
abouts and they are three, tufning upon their Centres, which areo
Bra@and Steel, going very eafily of themfclves, and fo Cafie as a mans
ltaking hold of one of the fweeps with his hand will turne all the
_ | Follers about with much eafe, But when the Canes are put in be-|
4 ‘4 Fon Fe ; ‘
= 2 Aa | tweenu
go Se AT rne and Exatt Hiffory —
tween the rollers, it isa good draught for fiveOxen or Horfes; a
Negre puts in the Canes of otie fide, and the rollers draw them
through to the other fide, where another Negre ftands, and receives
| them; and returns them back on the other fide of the middle roller,
which draws the other way. So that having paft twice through ,
‘that is forth and batk,it is conceived all the juyceis preft out; yet the
Spaniards have a prefs, after both the former grindings, to prefs out
the remainder of the liquor but they having but fmall works in
Spain, make the moft of it, whilft we having far greater quantities, are
loath tobe at that trouble. ‘The Canes having paft to and again,
thereare young Negre Girles, that carry them awéy , and lay themona
heap, at the diftance of fix {core paces or thereabout 3 where they
make a large hill, if the work have continued long: under the rollers,
there is a receiver, asbig as a large Tray; into which the liquor falls,
atid ftays not there, but runs undet ground in a Pipe or gutter of
lead, cover’d over clofe, which ‘pipe or. gutter, carries it into the Ci-
ftern,which-isfixtneerthe ftaires, as you go down from the Mill-houfé|
to the boyling houfe. But itiiufttorremain.in.that Cifterne above
one day, left’ it grow fowr; from thence it is to paffe through a
gutter, (fixt tothe wall) to the Clarifying Gopper, as there is occafi-
of to ufé it, and as the work goes on, and as it Clarifies in the firft
Copper, and the skumme rifes; it 1sconveyed away by a paflage, or
putter forthat purpofe; as alfo of the fecond-Copper, which
kimmings;-are-not efteemd-worththe-labour of ftilling; becaufethe
sktim is‘ dirtie‘ahd grofs: But the skimmings ofthe other three Cop-
pets, are conveyed down to the Still-houfe, there to remain in the
Cifterns, till ic be a little fowr, -for till then it will not come overthe
helme. This liquor is remov'd, as it is refin'd , from one Copper to
another; and the mote Coppersit pafleththrough, the finerand purer |
itis, bemg continually drawu uP» and keel’d by ladles, and skim’d
by skimmers, in the Negres‘hands, tillat laft it comes to the tach,
where it muft have much labour, in keeling and ftirring 5 and as it
boyles, theré is thrown into the four laft Coppers, a liquor made of},
water and afhes which they call Tethper, without which, the Sugar
would continuéa Clammy fubftance and never kerne, The quantities]
oat put inare finall, but being ofa tart quality it turnes the ropinefs
and clamminefs of the Sugar to ctuddle and feparate: which you will
find, by taking out fome drops ofit,to Candy, and fuddenly ‘to grow
hard 5 ‘and then it has enough of the fire: Upon which Effay they
prefently poure two fpoonfuls of Sallet Oyle into the tach, and then
imhmediately it gives Over to bubble or rife. So aftermuch kee ing 5} -
they takeit out ofthe tach,by the ladles they ufe there,and put it’inte
ladles that are of greater receipt, with two handles, and by themre-|
‘Move it into the cooling Ciftetn, neer the ftayers that goes to thefire
‘toom: But as they remove the laft part ofthe liquor out of the tach,
Bi. he it with all the celerity they can; and fuddenly caft in cold
Water, to cool the Copper ftom burning, for the ‘fire in the furnace,
Continues {till in the fame heat: and fo when that water is removed
U -CmMmMay
4 out apain by thé Ladles, they are in the fame degree careful, and |
quick, as {Gon as the lat I.
adle full is taken out, to throw in fome of the ‘
liquor |
| of the Ifand of Barbadoes,
liquor of the next Copper, to keep the tach from burning, and ( fill/
it up out of the next, ahd that out of the third, and that out ofthe
fourth, and that out of the Clarifying, Copper, and fo from the Ci-
ftern, and {6 from the Mill-houfe or Ingenio. And {0 the work goes
on, from Munday morning at one a clock, till Saturday night, (at
which time the fire in the Futnaces are put out ) all houres of the day
and night, with frefh fupplies of Men, Horfes, and Cattle. The Li-
quor being come tofuchacoolnefs, as it is fit to be put into the Pots,
they bring them neer the Cooler, and ftopping firft the tharp end of
‘the Pot (whichis the bottom) with Plantine leaves, (and the paflage
there no bigger then amans finger will goin at ) they fill the Pot,and
fet it between the{tantions, inthe filling room, where it ftaies tillit
be thorough cold, which will be in two dayes and two nights; and
then if the Sugar be good, knock upon it with the knuckle of yout |
finger , 2s you would do upon an earthen pot, to try whether it be
whole,and it will give a founds; but ifthe Sugar be very ill,it will nei-
ther be very hard, tot give any found, — It is then to be removed into
| good Sugar. ' a | :
pees: ill s that are gathered either before of after the timie of
fuch ripenefS, or are eaten by Rats, and fo confequently rotten, or
pull’d down by Withes, orlodg’d by foule weather, either of which,
will ferve tofpoil fuch Sugar as is made of them. At thetime they
expeét it fhould be well curd; they take the pots from the at
-_|in the Curing-houfe, and bring them to the knocking room, which
_| you (hall find upon the plot ofthe cureing houfe; and turning i “fe
ame a
Ns: RTO ;
91
AT rue and Exatt Hiftory
| peneles: The.middle part , which is more then two thirds of the}
BR a pt oa een
| Thave'yet faid nothing of making white
‘4 goodnels of the top and bottom, being but to fuch a degree, as may
‘pound,
__a little foure, (for till then, the Spirits will not rife in the Still: )
, fide down, they knock the pot hard againft the ground,and the Sugar
comes whole out, as a bullet out of a mold; and when it is out, you
may. perceive three forts of colours in the pot, the tops fomevvhat
brownifh, and ofa frothy light fubftance; the bottom ofa much dar-| |
ker colour, but heavy, grofs, moift, ard full of Molofles; both which
they cut away, and referveto be boyl’d agam, with the Moloffes for
whole pot, and looks ofa bright colour, dry and fweet, they Jay by
it {elf , and fend it down daily upon the backs of Affinigoes and Ga- 3
mells, inleather baggs, with a Tarr’d cloth over, to their Store-houfes
atthe Bridge, there to be put in Caskes and Chefts, to be fhipt away
| for Evgland, or any other parts of the World, where the beft market
|1s. Though this care be taken, and this courfe ufed, by the befthut=
bands, and thofe' that refpect their credits, as Collonel james Drax,
Collonel Walrond, Mr.Raynes, and fome others that I know there; yet,
the greater number, when they knock out their Sugars, let all go to-
gether, both bott :
aut, When they com ne“Wiezehant.to he fold, they willnot give
above 3li. 10s. for the one; and for the other, about 6li. 4s. And
‘thofe that ufe this care, have fuch credit with the.Buyer, as they
{carce open the Cask to make a tryal; fo well they are aflured of
the goodnels of the Sugars they make 5, as of Collonel ‘ames Drax,
Collonel Walrond , Mt. Raines, and fome others-in-the Iiland that I
Come tO. be
te Sugars, but that ismuch|
quicker faid than done For, though thie Mufcavado Sugar, require
_buta months time tomake it fo, after it is boyl'd; yet the Whites re-
| quire four months, and it is only this. Take clay, and temper it with
| Water, to the thicknefs of Frumenty, or Péafe pottage, and poure it
| on the top’of the Mufcavado Sugar, as it ftands in the pot, in the
| Curing-houfe ,’ and there let it remain four months and if the clay
crack and open, that the aire come in, clofe it up with fome of the
fame, either with your hand, or afmall Trowell. And when you knock |
Open thefe pots, you fhall find a difference, both in the colour and
e rank’d with Mufcavadoes; but the middle perfed& White, and ex-|.
baie Lunip-Sugar, the beft of which will fell in London for 20d. a} ©
| . P'do aét remember I have left unfaid any thing , that conduces 0
the work of Sugar-making, unlefs it be, fometimes after great rains,
(which moiftentheaire more then ordinary ) to lay it out upon fair
dais in the Sun, upon cloaths, or in the knocking room, and fome=
, times to bring $n pans of coals, well kindled, into the Cureing-houfe.
‘If [have omitted any thing here, you fhall find it fupplyed in the In-
“dexes of my Plots. | oat
| = As for diftilling the skimmings, which run down tothe Still-houfe,
| from the three leffer Coppers, it isonly this: After it has remained in|
the Cifterns . which my plot fhews you in the Still-houfe, till it be
the firft Spirit that comes off, is a’ final Liquor, which we call | -
=
omand top, and fo let the better bare out the wore;
Low-| — ae
of the: Iaind of. Barbados.’
B
| =e which: Riga’ we put into, the Still and, drayy, snake a-
gain 3 ; aizkof that comes fd ftrong-aiSpwit, as a candle being brought
toa neardiftance; to the bung of’ "a Hogthead, or But, where it iskept
the Spirits “will -flte to it, arid: talsing, -hold of ,it;; bring the Pe |
| downto the veffell, and fetalla fire, which. immediately breakes the
| veflell, and becomes a flame, burningall about it that is gees:
| matter. +f
We loft an excellent Negro byfiich_ an accident, who bringing a 4
Jar of this Spirit, from the Still? -houfe, to the Drink- -room, in the}
night, not knowing the force of the liquor he carried, brought the!
| candle fomewhat neerer than he ought, that he might the better fee.
how to put it into the Funnel, which‘conveyed itintothe Butt. But’!
| the Spirit being ftirr'd by that. motion, flew.out, and got hold_of the
flame of the Candle, and’ fo fet all on fire, ahd butnt the poor Népgr égro
| to death 1, Who was an Sistas fervant.. “And if he ‘hada the inftantof
| firing, Clapt: “his hand ' on the bung,,all -h had’ ved ; but He’ that |
knew | not thar cure, ue rE the. whole vellel OF’ pirits;; th his hfe ‘to
boot. ' $o that upon it hag ‘mula venture, a {trict ‘cOminand: was piven, |
ae none of thole PE fhould be brought, to the Prik-room |
| ' : BOL. RO. “fire oF elite ofens -contein
Se a
+
"This a eth hoagh ie Had’ aieitfhie t to kill oii Nets
had the’ vs aa to a 5 for whan Hey ae Ne “with rayne Sina |
( which often they are 24: very well they may,. having ae un-
der them in the.ni ht but a my Band which they as nor any thing
to cover them: And though thedaics be hot,the nights are cold and
that change cannot but we eupontt heir bodies, 1 ore h they be har.
hous
pe
. and he ives to every. ‘One -a a 4 diam ‘up “OF Pes So rit, fad that 1 4
3 a re. ce 18 dike a Breit rc ‘the |
| poor, rth rges 2 Whom We fe ought tc de ‘afpectal ¢ care of, by the tae
bour of whofe hands, o our peat bigught 1a 3 f0 is ida help 0 eae
-Chriftian Servantstoo 5 for, when their fpirits are €
hard ‘labour, and het vi in the Sun, ti ten hours < every aay, ‘they, the
way, a diac ‘or, tivo Or this Spirit, 1 isa great comfy 4 Reine |
‘to them. “his drink is alfo a a conical 180 od value'in the Planta-
5 for wend it down to the Bry : ici pitti off to thole.
; ee retail. it. Some they’ fell'to t] es an sad ety nt rted Ae ofor.|
h parts, abd drun by ‘the way.. Some they fellto fich Planters,
3 ast ns etge FAL i dri eae for.
ithey buy ita Uealie sub Face VD it st ng ‘price, the
“tittle a lee was 4 b ae a np ug to ¥2 pi
‘avd A? Ee
mes ca rice
And now teens clofe ree this work of ose Iwill let he an by vay
ae : i . " :
fagor Bofides Sa home -hot sa eng i in the Hawt
their: ftom es debil itated, aad much \ weakned 1 in thei be ed every | |
ni
ree drunk ey die ner
94
A True and Exa@ Hiffory
of eftimate, to what'a Revenue this Ifland is raifed; and, inmy opini-
on, not improbable. Ifyou will be pleafed tolook back to the extent
of the Ifland , you fhall find, by taking a medium ofthe length and | _
breadth of it, that there is contained in the Ifland 392 {quare miles,
28
14
112
28
392
out of which we will fubftra& a third part, which isthe moft remote
part of theIland from the Bridge,where all, or the moft part of Trade | -
is, which by many deep and fteep Gullies interpofing, the paflage is
in a manner ftop’d: befides, the Land there is not fo rich and fit to
bear Canes as the other 5 but may be very ufefull for planting pro-
vilions ¢ > Y Cams, ifta, Caffavie, Potatoes; and likewife of
Fruits, as Oranges, Limons, Lymes, Plantin€s,Bonanoes; as alfo, for
will fubftraé a third part from 392. and that is 130. and {0 the re-
breeding Hoggs,Sheep,Goats, Cattle, and Poultry, to furnifh the reft
ofthe Ifland, that want thofe Commodities. For which reafons , we
. wf whee i aati Sears e-¥t 4 ‘
SOS De bees Se eae 6 han a 3 See eee onsesinnsacat reset | Trae
oe : _ 392 (1303 130 bib
BEB sions i ae
ae 262
reat men, and laid together , into Plantations of five, fix, and {even |
undred acres, ar th € 2 ANC leven
acres from 167680, and there will remain 137680 acres > to be for
ar-works; out of which, may be planted with Canes, the ee
i for Wood, Pafture, and Provifions, which muft fupport the Plan-
Plantation, as]
faid
!
Z of the Ifland of Barbadoes.
‘the Ware-houfe. So
jand fay, 3000 threepences is 37 |. 10:s.-ten acres of which is 375 1.
| months: Now adc
640
262
21280 | yury :
61BB4ZO 0 8 5 e788 (27536
1280 VISITS \27536
167680 > $5072
30000 |
137680 —
faid before. Now thefe two fifts are, as you fee 55042 acres, and an
acre of good Canes will yield 4000 pound weight of Sugar, and none
will yield lefsthen 2000 weight; but we willtakea Asedium,and reft
upon 3000 weight, upon which we will make our computation, and
fet our price upon the Sugar , according to the loweftrates, which
fhall be 3d. per pound, asit is Mufcavado, to be fold upon the Ifland,
atthe Bridge. In fifteen months the Canes will be ripe,and ina month
more, they willbe. wd, and ready to be caftup,.and ftowed in
ere, we make our computation upon the place,
fterling. Sothen we fay.if ro acres of Canes will produce 3751. what
fhall 55072. which is the number of acres contained upon: the 2 of the
land, alotted forSugar Plantations, upon which the Canes muft grow:
and by the Rule: fe ind, that it amounts.to..2065200. in fixteen
but ‘here it does not fo , though the
Ayre be much moyfter than in Exgland : But certainly the reafon is,
the extraordinary drinefs, and fpunginefS of the Stone, which}
fucks up all moyfture that touches it; and yet it is never fait
8 Pee . SER aa ea eo ae
Thad it in my thoughts, to make an Effay, what Sir Francis Bacons
éxperiment folitarie, touching the making of Artificial Springs would
do ; but troughs ofthat f{tone, being of fo dry and fpungy a quality,
there, which is one of the matetials usd in that expetirient. 5
| Another fort of Withs we have, but they are made of the gum of —
trees, which falls from the boughs drop after drop, one hanging by |
another, tillthey touch ground; from whence they receive fome nou-
rifhment , which gives them power to grow larger: and if it happen}
that three or four of themcome down fo neer one another as to touch,
and the wind twift them together, they appear fo like topes, as they
' cannot be difCern‘d five paces off,whether it be a rope or a Withe. I
“Alocs we have growing here, very good, and ‘tis a beautiful plant;
the leaves four inches broad, % of aninch thick, and abouta foot and
_an halflong,with prickles ofeach fide 5 and the laft fprout which rifes
up in the middle, bears yellow flowers, one above another, and thofe
flowers are higher than any ofthe leaves by two foot. Thefé'thick
. . _ leaves}
’
‘growes in great tuffs, the leaves almoft in thé forni of a Heart, the
| appeared to me very frefh and goods but it never came up. Rofe
| treés We have, but tliey neverbear flowers.
| Thereisa Roor, of which fome of the Negroes brought the Seeds, | :
-| dud planted there, and they grew : ‘Tis 4 very large Root, drie, and
well tafteds the manner of planting it, 18, to make little hillsias big as
| Mole-hills, and plant the feed a top, and as foon 4s it puts forth the
‘|touch if, they thruft up a ftalk, not unlike an Afparagus, but of a
'Fhe -voluptnous man 5’ who thinks ‘the ‘day :not' long: enough-for.
him to take’ his pleafure’ Nor’ the fleépte man; who ‘thinks: ‘the
longeft night too fhort forhim to dream out his delights, arenotofit
to repofe and folace themfélves upon this‘Ifland 3 for inthe whole
eompals:of the Zodiack ) they fhall neither find St:Barnabies dayoet
ag TPA TEES thikeiacibeaa eis tie phere) arses
Po ou « eT a mj
OU LHCITCS fst, tHe
J ee a, a.
rent Arbiter'of ‘the differences which are between thole two Saints
tind like a juftand cleer fighted Judge,’ reconciles thofe:extreams to
aMediumof 12 and 12/hours, which equality of timers utterly incon+| _
fiftent to oh 5 Ee Se oe ee ee ee, ees sm > eee A |
coBerd (peak chie-o acts have tirt we fitnclestoMentadpenadivetnid
cdsmoteuberteclcnco-oidhaangsaypmapieaent tt ve Otten
ferthe: ty here? aboverthe ordiiiary leveliof mankind. » Such |
Spirits, are too volatile to fixion bufine} and therefore I will kave|
then out as wiles if this Common-wéalths! But fuchvasare:made |
of middie'earth J andican be-content’t6°wave thofepleaftires) which
ftand asi-Blocks,, and Portculliffes, in their way 5):and are indeed the
main Remora’s dn thet? palfage to their profits: Such’ may here:find |
moderate deliglhts,with moderate labour; and thofe taken ‘moderately
will. conduce: much to their healths;-andithey that haverinduftrys to
‘imploy:that-welljmay make iv the Ladderto climb tow high degree |
ofWealthiand opulencie;“in' this {weee Negotiation of Sugar, provi=|
ded they have acompetent{tock to’ begin with 5 firch Timean:as may |
fettle them ina Sugar-work, and lefs then 1 40ool. fterling, will not do |
| that: Ima Plantation of 500 acresof land swith a proportionable ftock
‘of Servants; Slaves, Horfes, Camels, Cattle; Affinigoes,:vvith an Inge=}
nio, and all other houfeing, thereunto belonging; fuch’as T:/havefor=
merly ‘nam'd: cov) 2k 02. £ 5 ioguitie TD tabstepi-e chee see ,
-o But one: vvallfaysvvhy fhould any manthat has 'tqocol. inhis purfe
need toorymifo long'a Rifco }»as fromhencetothe Barbadoes: vvhen
hesmay live wvith eafe-and-plenty athome; to'fuch a one: anfvver;
= -
/ Lee & , ‘a enegpees~ it
thet every: dréne can fit andeatthé Honey of his ovvn Hive +: Bubhe
4" ME Fea? SS EA gh me ancl a ee Fd a Pee Pe OSes AMM | {tre
to friends, ) raife his fortune, from:a {mail beginninig-toa aged
One and }in} his: paflage to ‘that ‘do:goodito, the publique, -and’be |
charitable: to:the:poor; andi this:to be accomplithéd im a fevy: years;
| defersies miich more commendatiom:and: applaufe :-And thali find
hisibread, gotten: by: his painful and hoaeft labour and ‘induftry; cat }
nag eC ee fvveeter{
ee
of the Ifland of Barbadoes;
| fweeter by much, than his that onely minds his eafe; and his belly.” °
"|| rections T can, to further any one that {hall go about to improve his
ftock, in. this, way of Adventure; and if he pleafe to hearkento my
| direGtions, the thall find they are no Impoflibilities ; upon which |
. i my Computations: the greateft will be, to find a friend fora
3000 |. {ftock, and thus to be ordered.
jin the Barbadoes,and to {end a great Cargo of unneceflary things vvere
to have them lye upon our hands to lols. This todo I. I vould’ have
you’may buy here in Lewdon, of French Merchants, at reafonable
| fates and youmay hire poor Journy-men Faylors, here inthe City,
| chat Weill for vvages, make that Canvasinto Dtavvers,and
| Petticoats, for men and vvomen Negres. And part of the Canvas ,
and the vvhole of the Kentings,, for fhirts arid dravvers for the Chri-
{tian men Servants,and Smocks and petticoats forthe vvomen. Some
other forts. of Linnen,as Holland or Dowvlace, vvill be there very ufe-
full for Shirts and SmiGeks for the Planters them{elves, vvith their
Wives and Children. One hundred ponds tere r vvould» have
beftovv’d, parton vvoollen cloath, both fine and courfe, :
wonfbire Carfies, and other fathionable ftuffs, fuchas vyill vvell endure
wearing. Upon AfZonmoth Caps I would have ‘beftowed 251. you
may befpeak them there in Wales, and have them fent upto London ,
by the waynes at eafie rates. Forty pound I think fit to beftow on
Irifh Ruggs fuch as are made at Kzlkenmic, and Irifh ftockings, and
thefe are to be had at St. Fames’s fair at Briffoll; the ftockings are to
be worne inthe day by the Chriftian fervants, the Ruggs to caft about
them when they come home at night, fweating and’ wearied, with
their labour, to lap about them when they reft themfelves’on their
inkicks at night , than which nothing is more needful for the
¥eafons I have formerly given. And thefe may either be fhipt at
Briftoll, if a thip be.ready bound for Barbados , ‘or fent to London
by waynes, which is a cheap way of conveyance. ‘Fifty pound I with
‘may be beftowed-on fhooes , and fome boots to be made at. Nor-
thampton , and {ent to London in dry fatts by Carts; but a fpecial
{care muft be taken, thatthey may be made large, forthey will thrink
__|very much whenthey come into hot Climates. They are to be made
‘of feveral fizes, for men, women and childrens they muftbe kept dry
q JUICE Fa
-- land clofe, or elfe the moiftnefS of the Ayre will catife them to mould.
_| Gloves vvill fell vvell there, and I vvould have ofall kinds,and ali fizes,
that are thinne 5 but the moft ufeful, ar¢ thofeof tann’d leather, for
{they vvill vvath and not fhrink in the vvetting, and vvear very Jong
and fupple 3! you may provide your {elf of thefe, at Evil, Hemifter
and? che
Now having faid this much, I hold it my.duty, to give what dit
‘orrefpondent, that can be really honelt,faithful and induftrious,and
‘~ One thouland pound is, enough to venture at firft, ‘becaufe vve that
jare here in England , knovv not vvhat commodities they vvant nmol
thus laid out: 100]. in Linnea Cloth, as Canvas and Kentings, vvhich |
part on De-|
efter in Somerfet-/bire , at teafonable rates. F ifteen pound I}.
: i Ff vvould | .
i]
canine
109
.
4
/
110:
A True and Exatt Hiftory
would beftow in thefe Commodities. In fafhionable Hats and Bands,
both black and coloured, of feveral fifes and qualitics, I would have
thirty pounds beftowed. Black Ribbon for mourning, is much worn
there, by reafon their mortality is greater; and therefore upon that
| commodity I would beftow twenty pound; and asmuch in Coloured;
| of feveral fifes and colours. For Silks and Sattins,with gold and filver-
Lace, we will Jeave that alone, till we have better advices for they are
cafual Gommodities. = =. : ‘
Having now made provifion for the back, it is fit to confider the
belly,which having no ears, is fitter to be done for, then talxt to; and’
therefore we will do the beft we can, to fill it with fuch provifions,
as. will beft brook the Sea, and hot Climates: Such are Beef, well
pickled, and well conditioned, m which I would beftow rool. In
Pork sol. in Peafé for the voyage rol. In Fith, as Ling, Haberdine,.
Green-fith, and Stock-fith, 40!. In Bisket for the voyage rol. | Cafes
ofSpirits4ol. Wine 15ol. Strong Beer 5cl. Oyle Olive 361... Butter
ol, And Candles muft not be forgotten,becaufe they light us to our
The next thing to be thouglit on, is Utenfils, and working Tooles,
fuch are whip-Sawes, two-handed Sawes, hand-Sawes, Files of feve-
tall fifesand fhapes; Axes, for felling and for hewing; Hatchets, that
will fit Carpenters » FORNCE and Coopers; Chifels, but no Mallets,
for the wood is harder there to make them: Adzes, of feveral fizes, }
Pick-axes, and Mat-hooks; Howes ofallfifes;-but chiefly {mall ones,
tobe tifed with one hand, for with them, the finall Negres weed the
ound; Plains, Gouges, and Augurs of all fifes; hand-Bills, for the
Regret to cut the Canes; drawing-Knives, for Joyners. Upon thefe
Utenfils I would beftow Gol. Upon Iron, Steel; and fmall Iron pots,
for the Negroes to boy] their meat, I would beftow 401. And tho
are tobe had in Southfex very cheap, and fent to Lozdon in Carts, at
time of year, when the wayes ate drie and hard. Nailes of all forts,
with Hooks, Hinges, and Gramps of Iron; and they are to be had at
Bermingham in Stafford{hire,much cheaper then in London: And upon}
that Commodity f would beftow 3ol. In Sowes of Lead 201. in
Powder and Shot 20]. Ifyou can get Servants to go with vou, they
will turn to good accompt, but chiefly if they be Trades-men, as,
Carpenters, Joyners, Mafons , Smiths, Paviers, and Coopers. The
Ballaft of the Ship, as alfo ofall Ships that trade there, I would have
of Sea-coals, well chofen , for it is a commodity was much wan-
ting when J was there,and will be every day more and more, as the}
Wood decayes: The value I would have beftowed on that, is 50).
which will buy 45 Chauldron, or more, according to the burthen of | -
theShip. And now upon the whole, Ihave outftript m y computation
1451. but there will be loffe in that ; for I doubt not, (if it pleafe
God to give a bleffing to our endeavours) but in. twelve or four-
teen. months, to fell the goods, and double the Cargo; and, if you|
can fay to make the beft of your Market, you may make three for :
one cae .
_ This Cargo, well got together, I could with to be fhip’t in goo
ood
order,about the beginning of November,and then by the grace oft God,
rs
geet eT
| of the Ifland of Barbadoes.
theShip may arrive at the Barbadoes’ (if fhe make no ftay by the wa )
about the middle of December; and it is an ordinary-courfe to fail th
ther infix weeks: Coming thither in that cool time of the year,y
Vidtuals will be in good condition to be removed into‘a Store-houfe.
which your Correfpondent , (who, Taccount , goes along with it)
muft provide as f{peedily ashe can, béfore the Sun-makes his return
‘from the Southern Tropick 3 for then the weather will grow hor, and
fome of your Goods, as, Butter, Oyle, Candles, and all-your Liquors,
will take harmeinthe remove. gi}
The Goods being ftowed in a Ware-houfe, or Ware houfes, your
Correfpondent muft referve a handfome room fora Shop, where his
fervants muft attend; for then his Cuftomers will come about him,
and he muft be careful whom he trufts; for, as there are fome good,
fothere are many bad pay-mafters ; for which reafon, he muft -pro-
vide himfelf of a Horfe, and ride into the Cotintry to get acquain-
tance; and halfa dofen good acquaintance, will be able to enform
him, how the pulfe beatsof all thereft: As alfo by enquiries, he will
finde, what prices the Goods bear, which he carries with him;and
‘deceived in that Commodity 5 wherein there is very great care to be
ing doubled at the Barbadoes,that returned back, will produce at leaft
fo)
; being doubled thereto22gol. vvill be at your return for Exgland
j
«ce ra Shed hae Se Libs Wiens afer
> and what valews Sugars bear, that hebenot/
an
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4 oy APene and Exadt Hiftory - ee
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boot. ee
Now
which is thirty feven pound te: very.acre, then,
\-dued acres will produce 7500 1. in fixteen months; chat 1s,fifteen months
| forthe Canes.to grow and be ripe, and.a month to Cute: the Sugar
a which we will,
'e Hl ne [PGI : : 615030. 989 46h poo,
6 Sil he eit) iS Tipe et aed Ree ee cage ae
“a : oe H abe ay G it ‘ 73759. i; Se wee: iz > ‘ : ft, rh. FS i
+ Ppent r r "5 | xa “aie i r* 3 z i eSOt-y Se oe rs |
2.) xypae(37S0ilw <~ 11250.» |
JI RAARE TS SOS 2400... =
2 10r: ney are not Often ed
jwith bone-meat; But we will allow to.the Ghriftian fervants , |
“tC which are not above thirty in number, ) four barrels of Beef,
and as much of Porke yearly, with two barrels of falt Fifh, and
$90 poor-Johns, which we have from New England , four barrels
of Turtle, and as many of pickled Makerels , and two of Herings ,
\for the Negroes; all which I have computed , and finde they will
j amount unto tool, or there abouts ; befides the fraight, which will
| be no great matter; for you mutt be fure to have a Factor, both
fat New Evglavd and Virginia , to provide you of all Commodities |
ithofe places afford, that are ufeful to your Plantation 5 or elfe your}
i charge will be treble, As ftom New England, Beef, Porke, Fith, of
‘all forts, dried and pickled; from Virginia live-Cattle 5 “Beef and
! Tobacco ; for theirs at Barbadoes is the worft I think that growes in
the world ; And for Cattle, no place lyes neercr to provide)
jthemfelyes , and the Virginians cannot have a better 4
tofell them; for an Oxe of § |. pound price at Virginie; will ee
Sthere. <= a
‘ 4 4
| But togoon with our computation: foraswehave given order od
__ feeding our people, fo we muft fortheir cloathing; and firft for the |
| Chriftians, which we will account to be thirty in number, whereof =. 3
| 3 fhall be men, and } women, that we may make our computation
ithe more exact; and for the men, (which aretwenty in number,)
| we will allow one for the fupreame Overfeer, who is to receive and
| give directions, to all the oth Overfeers , which weallow to
5 |
g 5 BG
i - Adee and Exatt Eiifiory
+
be five more; ard thofe he appoints to go out with feveral Gangs,
fome ten, fome twenty , more or lefs, according tothe ability of the
overleér he fo imployes 5 and thefe are to go out upon feveral
liiployments, as he gives them directions, fome to weed, fome to
plant.{ome to fall wood, fometo cleave it, {ome to faw it into boards,
{ome to fetch home, fome tocut Canes, others to attend the Ingenio,
Boyling-houfe , Still-houfe, and Cureing-houfe; fome' for Harvett,
to cut the Maies,(of which we havethree Crops every year, ) others|-
to gather Provifions, of Bonavift, Maies, Yeames, Potatoes , Caflavie,
atid drefsit at fit times for their dinners and fuppers, for the Chrifti-
an fervants; the Negresalwayes drefling their own meat themfelves,
in their little Pots, which is only Plantines, boyl'd or roafted, and
fomeé eares of Maies toafted, at the fire; and now and then a Makerel
a piece, or two Herrings.
The. Prime Overfeer may very well deferve Fifty pounds Per}
Annum, or the value in fuch Commodities as he likes, that are grow- [
ing upon the Plantation; for he is a man that the mafter may allow |
fometimes- herefore muft be clad accor-.
dingly, The other five of the Overfeers, are to be accounted ia the
ranke of Servants, whofe freedome isnot yet purchafed, by their five |.
years fervice, according to the cuftome of the Ifland. And for their
cloathing, they ‘fhall be allowed three thirts together, to every man
for fhifts, which will very well laft halfa year, and then as many
more. And the like proportion for drawers, and for thooes , every
| month that's twelve pair 3 year; fix pair of ftockings yearly,
and three Monmouth Capps, and tor Sundayes, a doublet of Canvas,
| anda plainbandof Holland. : |
:, e
115
| . . Au account of Expences iffuing out yearly for Cloathing , for the Chriftian Ser-
vants, both Men and Women, with the Wages of the priacipal Ouerfeer,
: which fhall be 50). fierling, or the walue in {uch Goeds
‘as grow upon the Plantation.
“of the Tland of Barbadoes, eee
To the five fubordinate Overfeers,
for each mans cloathing. To the fourteen common fervants,
° ie
Six fhitts,at 4s. gece FP oy = Oo ,| Six Shirts to each man I 040
Six pair of Drawers,at 2 s. © 12 0} Six pair of drawers to each Mano 12 o
Twelve pair of Shoes, at 3s, _¥ 16 o| Twelve pair offfocs, ab3s. 1 16 oO
Six pair of Linnen or Irith ak Three Monmouth Caps,at 4s, o 1 2 oO
Kings,at 20 ne P |
ree Adamsnt) Caps,atas. 0 12 9] im totall ¢o cach man 4040
Two doublets of Canvas,and :
fix Holland bands £0 > ©) Sum total, ofthe fouteen 9
fervants by the year ge 59: 364
. nis totall for each man... §..9..0 Trae
‘ fox eers27 5 Oo} Perf h ndg yo
Now for the ten women fervants, we will difpofe of them, chase
F our to attend in the houle, and thof to be: allowed y as followeth in :
the firlt Columne, viz.
~The four that prion inthe houfes- ‘ha ed, and do 4
to each of them a id ee
l. $. < 7s cf
Six fmocks, at 4s. a piece I 04 0 Sot iea? a piece: oO Me 9
Three petticoats, at 6 s. o 18 o| Three petticoats,at 5s, a piece o 15 o|
Three wattcoats,at 3 s. o 09 0} Four coifs,at12 d.a piece 0 04 ©
}Six coifes or caps, at18 d.a do og Z | Ewelve pair offhoes,at3s. 1 160
piece ;
Twelve pair of thoes,at as. 1 16,012: ; Sum is 3 110
| . Sum totall ofthe:fix.com- : 21 060
Sumis . 4 16 O|monwomen fervants ee
Sum total of the four,wo- i 19 40
|anen that attend 1 in the ‘houfe y
| Thirty Rug Govvnes for the’e.thirty fervants, to caft about them,
| vvhen they come home hot and vvearied fcom-thei: vce spatee ae
yin at nights,in their Hamock,at 25 s. a Govvn or mandest
| Now forthe Negres,vvhich vve vvill account tobe t vainaah obs th
| Sexes, vve vvill dividethem equally ; The fifty 1 men {hall be allovved
| yearly but, three pair of Canvas dravvers a'prece, bce at /28,.a-pair ,
‘(1s ‘6s. |
i‘ The women thal) be ane but two petticoats‘a piece: ely at.
48a Bip: which is8s. y “Ae
So,the yearly. here of the fifty men ‘Negres, 1 pe, 15 208
omen ph a
And of the w: Pe sg gr
ai pe 37 19 OF 2
«
Gg?
a A Trae and Exait Hiftory
a eae
Now to fam upall,and draw toa Ee will account, that
for the repairing dilapidations, and decayes in the houfeing, and all
Utenfills belonging thereunto,
We will allow yearly to iffue out of the Profits, that
arife upon the Plantation
As alfo for the moderate decayes of our Negres ,
Horfes, and Cattle, notwithftanding all our Recruits by
breéding all thofe kinds | :
For forraign. provifions of vidualls for our fervants2 a
and fome of our haves we will allow yearly agentes
For wages to our principal Overfeer yearly 50 00 00
By the Abftra& ofthe charge of Cloathing the five
fubordinate Overfeers yearly. iS 27 os. 00 |
San the abftract of Glothing the remaining 14. ee 38 : 6 00 a
: By the Abftraé of Cloathing four women fervants7”
that attend in the houfe
' By the Abftrad of the remaining fix mameaderyanty
| that do the common work abroad in the fields... ba 100.00
The charge of thirty Rug Gowns for thefe thirty fer-
bette 08
*bs00"e 00 00}
TO ‘Of ole)
B70 00)
vants
“the abftract OF the*cloathing or fifty. ‘men-Ne-¢
Oe rodine £95266 00}
Seb 4.1 By the abttrat fo the cloashing; of als women-Ne-? |
@ oF © cae! $ ai ee
| Pt : : a e : a
iz Sum totalof the expences is . | , 1349 01 00
ae 3 Sum total of the reetly a of ae — 8866 00 2
So the clear profit of this Plantation of 500 acres . eee }
a of land evans to yearly 13 19 oo
: | q 03 | ‘ef Maree ‘Reman foo fo. Ginall : Ss foie as peers to Ae here :
Eee rs the Seller does not receive two years value dtl 1000. a. satis: oe
oe ata gives. slazesof, pape
te
tee a a % have, been, believed in ‘all, or the “oft part, oes iy kate |
Abe {criptions and computations, concerning this Ifland, and’the ' wayés
: | tovattain the profits that are there to be gathered ; but when I corte |
to this point, no man gives me credit, the bufinef feeming g inp poffib ley |
that an old ng man, that. is owner of a Plaktst on of: this
value, fhould fell it for fo tk derable a {um : and. I 40 nor all}.
2
‘ z
Pi
wee
oe Sat 2
2
fees
R “ha Sere’ 2
| ence (which is only tomy felf) fhould miflead any man befides his
j rubs and obftacles in his way, and fometimes fallings back, let his
| avarice andlucre, that would not be glad to fell good penni-worths,
of the INand of Barbadoss,
blame the incredulity ‘of tele perfons ; for, if experience had not
taught methe contrary, I ‘fhould undoubtedly be oftheir perfwafion. |
But left! fhould, by anoverweening opinion, hope, that my experi:
reafon, which every knowing man ought to be guided and governed
by, I will vvithout ftraitiing or forcing areafon, deliver a plain and
nakedtruth, inas plain language, as is fitting fuch a fubjet, which I
doubt not will perftiade much inthe bufinefs.
_~ “Tis a knovvn truth thete, that no man hath attained tofuch a for-
tune asthis, ipoaa finall beginning, that hath not met with many
pains and induftry be what it will : I call thofe fallings back, when
either by fire, which often happens there; or deathof Cattle, which
isas frequent asthe other 5 or by loffes at Sea, which fomtimes vvill
happen, of vvhichI can bring lively inftances: Ifeither of thefe mis-
fortunes fall, it ftands in an equal ballance,whether ever that man re-
cover, upon whom thefe misfortunes fall : But, iftwo of thele hap-
pen together, or one in the neck of another, there is great odds to be
Jaid,.that he never {hall be able toredeem himfelf, from an inevitable
ruine 5" For, iff
houfe ; if his Cattle dye, the work ftands ftill,and with either of rhefe
his credit falls; {0 as, if he be not well frtended, he never can enter-
tain a hope to rife again. |
Thefe toyles of body and mind, and thefe misfortunes together,
will deprefs and wear ourthe beft {pirits in the world, and will caufe
them to think, what a happy tt nes 18; tC ff sid the remainde r of |
their lives in reft and quiet in theirown Countries. And I do believe, |
there are few of them, whofe minds ate not over-ballanc’d with
Sia tt.
to ‘fettle themfelves quietly in England. Befides the cafualties which
I havenamed, there is yet one of nearer concetn thanall the reft, and
that is, their own healths, than which nothing is more to be valued ;
for, fickneffes arethere more grievous, and mortality greater by far |
thanin England , and thefe difeafes many times contagious: And if :
arich man, either by his own ill dyet or diftemiper, or by infection, |
fall into fuch a ficknefS, he will find there a plentiful want of fach |
remedies, asareto be found in England. Other reafons, and ftrong |
ones, they have, that induce them to hanker after their own Coun- |
try,-and thofe are, to enjoy the company of their old friends, and to,
raifeup Familiesto theni{elves, with a Sum which they have acqui-;—
réd by their toyle-and induftry, and often hazards of their lives, whofe
beginnings were flight and inconfiderable; and what can be a greater
comfort, both to themfélves and their friends, than fuch an enjoy*
ment > But I {peak not this to difcourage any man, that hath a |
tO improve his Eftate, by adventuring upon fach a Purchale 5 for, '
though the Planter, by long and tedious pain and induftry, have
-| worn out his life, in the acquift ofhisfortune; yet the Buyer, by his:
purchafe, is fo well and happily feated, as he need endure no {uch | :
hardfhips, but may go on in the rianaging fits bufinefs, with mucli
eafe, and fome pleafure 5 and ima ae years, return back with a
“7
, his {tock is confumed, and fomtimes his!
118 |
A True and Exalt Hiftory
|for itnot only broke, bur brought away all the Stones and Gra-|
very plentiful fortune, and may carry with him from Evxgland, better
remedies for his health, then they; who for along time had neither|
means to provide, nor money to purchafe it; for though fome Sim-
ples grow there, that are miore proper to the bodies of the Natives,
than any we can bring from forreign parts, and no doubt would
be fofor our bodies too, if we knew the true ufe of them 5 yet
wanting that knowledge, we. are fain to make ufe. of our,
own. ae
But when able and skilful. Phyfitians fhall’ come, whofe know-
ledge can make the right experiment and ufe of the vertues of thofe.
Simples that grow there, they will no doubt find them more effica-
cious, and prevalent to their healths, than thofe they. bring from
forraign. parts. For certainly every Climate produces Simples more
proper to cure the difeafes that are bred there,than thofe that are tranf-
ported from any other part of the world-fuch cure the great Phyfitian
.to mankind takes for our convenience. |
Somewhat Ihave faid of the difeafes that reign in general in that
Ifland, but have fallen onno particular, though I have felt the power
a 1 nmnre own bod y,-asmuch as any man that hath
paft through it to death, though it pleafed the merciful God to raife
me upagain: for[ have it to {hew under the hand of Colenel Thazas
Modiford, in whofe houtel lay fick, thar he faw me dead without any |
appearance of life, three feveral times, not as in founding, but dying
fits;and yet recovered at laity 2 oo Be
To tell the_tedious particulars of-my—ficknefs, and the fevéral
drenches our ignorant uackialvers there gave me, will prove but
a troublefome relation, and thereforeI am willing to decline it : On-
ly thismuch, that it began with a Fever, and as it is the culttomeof
that difeafe there to caufe bindings, coftivenefs, and confequently.
gripings and tortions in the bowels, fo it far'd with me; that fora
fortnight together had not the leaft evacuation by Seige, which put
me tofuch torment, asin all that time I have not flept; and want of:
that, wore me out to fuch a weaknefle, as I was notthen in a con«
dition to take any remedy atall. This exceflive heat within begat
a new torinent within me, the Stones which ftopt my pallage fo.
as in fourteen dayes together. no drop of water came from me ; But} .
contrary to my expectation ; God Almighty fent me a Remedy |
for that, and fuch a one asall the whole world cannot afford the like:
for in ten houres after I took it, I found my felf not only eas’d, |
ybut perfectly cur’d of that torment, at leat for the prefent,
vel that {topt my paflage, fo that my water came as freely Fromme}
asever, and carryed before it fuch quantities of broken ftones and gta~}
yel,asin my wholc life Thave not {centhelike. About three weekes
oramonth after this, Ibecameinthe fame diftreG,and felt the like tors.
ment, whereupon I took the fame medicines which gaveme the fame}
ielp. Now if it did thus to abody fo worn out asmine, where Na-|
; - : ae = OSs hee
’
t
aE 2) are ? \
a Ane ¥ a es |
: 4 The wall between the Mill-houfe and Boyling- a. The Frame where the Coppers ftand which | -
ee | The Boyling-houfe.
a a gallona piece, by the hands of Negres that
———
:
RE
‘| The vie thar goes down ftairs tothe Boy-
uae SS bt brthe Sugar is boyled , 0} f which the lar-
| geft
D-The Circle or Circumference where the Hor-
An Index to the Platforme or Superficies of an Ingenio,
that grinds or {queexes the Sugar.
upon which the Pofts or| with wood or Iron, and are thirteen or four-
teen inches affunder: fo that the tops of the
Pots being fixteen inches,cannot flip between,
but are held up four foot from the ground.
ATH eround-plat ,
rs ftand , that bear up the houfe, or
the DD aie ae between thofe Pillars.
B The Pillars or Pofts themfelves,
s raifed above the Mowre or level of the
room, about a foot anda half, and is made of} —
Dutch Bricks , which they call Klinkers, and
ou. plaifter of Paris. And belides the Coppers ,
E The Sweeps, to which the Horfes ani Cattle} there are made fmall Gutters, which convey |.
are faftned , that draw abou: the Rollers. the skimmings of the three leffer Coppers ,
F The Frame of the Ingenio. down to the Still-houfe , whereof the ftro
G The Ss Beare. or Brysercilts ,» that fupporr| Spiritismade, which they callkll-devil, oy
~ thar the skimmings of thetwo greater Coppers are
conveyed another way as worthlefs and good |
ling-hou for nothing.
I The rs n, intowhich the Liquor runs from| R The Dore that goes down the ftairs to the
the Ingenio jmordiately after itisground,and| fire-room, where the Furnaces are, which
i saspepin a Ppe under ground to this Ci- a the ms to boyl; and though they
,where i:ranains not aboveaday 7 at moti) _¢ ca es here, by reafon they are |
K he Ciftern tat holds the Temper, is| . OTe ha inal
age mad¢ with afhes, fteept in water, and Setak