POMONA
funy OR, THE (lakes.
Fruit-Garden Muftrated
eg ee ee a ee ee nee
f 2 Ui
ae
Containing SURE Metuops for Improying alt the
__. Beft Kinds of FRUITS
Now EXTANT in
: | CALCULATED FROM _
. Great Variety of EXPERIMENTS made in all
‘ Kinds of SOILS and ASPECTS.
WHEREIN “*
The Manner of Raifing Younc Stocks, Grafting, Paine
Planting, @'c. axe clearly and fully demonftrated.
With DIRECTIONS,
IV. RULES for the Tu1nnine of their
gyoung-fer Fruits, fo as to leave no more than
Nature can ftrongly fupport, and ripen in the
greateft Perfection,
I, For PRuNiING 5; wherein the Reafons,
Manner, sedi Confequences thereof are clearly
that the Branches Of FRU: 7 4. For Pre, ee yoene FavitTs, ;
be laid upon ie Walls, : are sa forth Benes ime of cir =
moft important and ufeful Difcovery, unknown ||" “Mateerity.— kom | ee
to Gardeners in general. ‘HI VI..To give them ther “true “Tafte and Colour Bee
when fully grown, 'Seafon of Ripening, Manner
Ill. For Preservine their Bloffoms from ee
&e. of Gathering, Preferving, &c. ee
the Injuries of Frofis, Winds,
- Likewife feveral Prattical OBSERVATIONS on the Imbibing Power
~ _ and Perfpirations of Fruit-Tre ES ; the feveral Effects of Heat and
Moifture tending to the Growth and Maturity of Frurrs.
0 which is added,
A Curious Account of the Moft Valuable Cyprr-Fruirs of DevonsHire.
The Whole Illuftrated with above Three Hundred Drawines of the Several Fruit $5
Curioufly Hagravert on Seventy-nine large Folio Plates.
By BATIY LANGLEY of Toiceant
L 0 N ‘D oO Be gee |
Printed fe G. Srraman in Cornbill ; R. Gosttne, W. Meaxs, F. Cray, D. Browne,
B. Morre, and L. GILLiveR, near Temple-bar; J.St Ace in Wefminfier-Hall ;
J-Ossor te. at Gray’s-Inn Gate ; and C. Dayts in Pater-Nofer-Row. M.pcc.xxrx.
fe : 7 Mo. Bot. Garden,
nes ee ; Nghe oe : i tose
YOON re Dee ewe Le ke ee ee
Moft Excellent Majetty.
sath
&
OU i Majefty’s “known Goodnets; *
and exquifite Knowledge in Horti-
culture, I, humbly. hope will excufe
fo] my Prefamption | in Dedicating to
1. Your moft Sacred. Majefty the en-
fuing Work ; “which 1 am bold to
7s is an “accurate Reprefentation of Vegetable Na-
ture in her various. Productions of the moft Y
Fruits now extant in this Nation: Wherein her gra-
dual Operations, thro’ their feveral Degrees of Gonk. |
to their Maturity, are exactly delineated and defcrib’d.
Pag 240
iV
DEDICATION.
ite
TO attempt ‘a Pourtraiture of Your Majefty’s
Ulluftrious Character, would be an Undertaking fupe-
rior to the greateft Genius, and intirely inexcufable
in one who has made thefe humble, though ufeful,
Studies, his principal Employment, and has no
_ Capacity, befides an honeft Zeal and fincere Loyalty,
“for fo arduous a Task.
SS ™
— - ie '
BUT as we, wi have the Happinef to live in
Your moft aufpicious Reign, behold united in Your
Sacred Majefty the Perfections and Virtues of all our
moft Glorious Queens Your Royal Predeceflors ; it
would be in fome meafure unpardonable to omit any
Opportunity to exprefs our Gratitude for the Bleflings
heap’d upon us by Your Goodnefs,
_WHILEMMSIGE Majelty, our molt gracious
Sovereign, imploys his important Cares for the Hap.
pinefs and Profperity of his People, both at Home
and Abroad, in order to fecure to them their Rights
and Privileges, and to- preferve and extend the Benefits
of their Trade-and Commerce, and is the Arbiter of
Europe : You, Mavam, powerfully recommend to all
Your Subjects, by Your own bright Fxample, the
great.Concerns of Religion and Virtue, and the Duties
of a Phiyate and Domeftick Life. =
“ALS
BE
pees
DEDICATION.
BE it the Task of a more elevated Genius to
tranfmit to Pofterity the Illuftrious Graces of Your
Majefty’s “Publick Charaéter, together with the Ex-
emplarinefs of Your Conjugal Affection, and Maternal
Care of Your Royal Offspring (the future Hopes and
Happinefs of this Kingdom) ; Your profound Know-
ledge in all Parts of Divine and Human Learning; —
Your Exemplary Piety, and that Gracious Affability
and Condefcénfion® to-all who have the Honour of
approaching Your Royal Perfon, which is peculiar to
Your Majefty: _ ae a *
WHILE I indulge myfelf in the pleafing Affu-
vance, That to a Mind fo exalted by Nature, and
improved by Study, the Contemplation of the Works
of the Great-Gxrraror,.difplay’d in the beautiful
Pr oductions of Vegetative Nature,—contein’d—in the %:
copious Syftem of Planting and Gardening, will be an
agreeable Entertainment, when Your more arduous
‘Affairs will permit Your Majefty to enjoy the calm
and peaceful Sweets of Solitude and Retirement.
THIS agreeable Affurance emboldens me to lay
before: Your: Majefty the following Obfervations and
Experiments on the choiceft Fruits which ate pro-
duc’d in thefe Kingdoms: The right Ordering whereof
being well underftood, will render them Mature and
Wholefome,
V1
ee
DE DEG AT ION.
Wholefome, and not a little contribute to the Health
of Your People. |
oF
THAT Your Majefty may long continue an
Ornament to the Royal Dignity, an Example to Your
Sex, the Delight of Your Subjects, and Admiration
of Europe, is the fervent Prayer of,
PS ey
*
— . Sa
May itypleae Your Majesty,
Your Mayefty’s moft Dutzful,
And mot Loyal Subjel,
oe
Peer ree Oi ee ag ee ee eee ee ee eae eRe SLL Ds Ait ae
eile siti wcll is
a cll
, eee
eomea| L THO our fhady Walks, Avenues, Groves, Wilderneffes,
Grotto’s, Fountains, Canals, @c. (of avbich I bave en-
Bai) deavourd to gratify the Curious with great Variety of
Plans, after aGrand and move Ruval Manner than has been done before, in
my New Principles of Gardening Jately publifo'd) may be guftly pro-
portion d, and truly executed in all their Parts, yet sf they ave not em~
bellifh’d with the beft Kinds of Fruits now extant in England, it cannot
be faid but that they are vaftly fhort of thofe Beauties which make
them truly Grand and Noble, as well as Profitable and Delightful.
LE we do — nis a. the 1 various Forms and Colours of the Lids
of Fruite Tees, ¢ and compare vith Fore, oft-Trees, it el be s jeunes
that thofe of Fruit-Trees are —— < beat |
their beautiful Bloffoms, with avhich they are aillien’ d in the Spring,
their Fruits which fucceed, and their Leaves alfo, with the bare Leaves
of Foreft-Trees only, “tis evident that there's no manner of Comparifon
between them.
BUT it is not to be underftood, that becaufe the Beauties of Fruit
Trees ave fuperior to thofe of Foreft- Trees, that therefore Foreft-Trees
are to be rejetted, and not veceiv'd in our Gardens. And fince that
| Fruit-Trees ave known to be beautiful as well as profitable, ‘tis therefore
that I advife the Planting of them qwith Foreft-Tr rees, in Wilderneffes,
and other Rural Parts of Gardens, that their various agreeable Mix-
tures of Leaves and Fruits, may not only delightfully entertain the Eyes
of the Bebolders, as they pafs thre the feveral Meanders thereof,
but their Tafte alfo.
[b] _ BESIDES,
*
Vill
The PREFACE:
BESIDES, from Plantations of this Kind, there always arife great
Profits, (exclufive of the aforefaid Pleafures) as for Inftance, Apples
and Pears produce good Cyder and Perry ; Goofeberries and Currants
good Wine ; Cherries and Rasbervies fine Mixtures in Brandy, &c.
befides the many Services in the Kitchen for Tarts, &c. all which are
very ferviceable and advantageous to a Family, and therefore is moft
humbly recommended to the Confideration of the Fudicious.
ASTI have thus advifed the Planting of fuch Fruits which ripen
very well in the open Air ; namely, Cherries, Plumbs, Pears, Apples,
Strawberries, Rasberries, Goofeberries, Currants, doc. I (hall now pro-
cced to fily fomething relating to the moft defired Fruits, namely, thofe
produced againft Walls..< eet Ba ig |
THE moft valuable Wall-Fruits in England, ave Cherries, Plumbs,
Apricots, Peaches, Grapes, Figs, and Pears, of which we have a very
great Variety, that ave truly good, when well order’d, in kind Seafous 5
But, to the great Misfortune of moft of our Nobility and Gentry, ’tis
very feldom that they have any that are truly good, when Seafons are
kind, notwithftanding the very: great Expences they are at, except by an
Accident, when Nature berfelf has atted the Part of a judicious Gar-
dener ; and the Reafons thereof wholly unknown to the Gardener under
atte zs
es 2 ee
eh ee ee Sa CS
—
he ee
IT is as impoffible that Fruits can be mature and vipen’ Ait these
greateft Perfettion, when their Fuices are full of Crudities, that Be
confind in them for want of a free Perfpiration, as it is for Nature
equally to fupport ten Dozen of Peaches, &c. with the fame Nourifh-
ment as when there is but a Dozen and balf, or two Dozen at moft :
But this is not the dirett Fault of Gardeners, for as there’s no =
them now im England, (the ingenious Mr. Miller of the Phyfick Garden
at Chelfea excepted) that knows (or ever thought) of Crudities being
comtain.d in the Juices of Fruits, which, when confin'd, caufe =
Taftes to-be watery and infipid ; or that fiuch Crudities are difcharged by
Perfpiration, (very few of whom know the Meaning of the Word) they
ave not to be blamed for what they never knew, and thevefore ’tis no wonder
that bad Fruits have been annually produced in great Quantities, even
avhen
oe
:
Eee eae ere poe eon.
aE ee te ee
The PREFACE.
ix
avhen Seafons were very kind. And as the Perfpiration of Fruits is a
new Difcovery, their paft Errors are pardonable ; but for the future ’tis
expetted, that they are no more prattifed, and the following ftrittly
— executed, whereby every Gentleman will receive bis Fruits in the utmoft
Perfettion, that bis Soil and the Seafon can produce.
THE following Works ave, in general, Matters of Fatt, digefted in
fuch a Manner as to be read by every one that defires to know the Reafons
and Conféequences of all their Operations, which I bumbly conceive will
be no lefs Delightful than Profitable 5 the Whole being a new Segpe of
Nature, wherein her wonderful Methods of Working, thro out her varéous
Produttions, ave fully demonftrated, in a concife and eafy Manner, cal-
culated to the Underftanding of the meaneft Capacity, as well as the moft
Polite and Learned. herein, i
"TIS very probable, that, at the firft Sight hereof, Gardeners may
be unwilling to depart from their old, uncertain, conceited Methods,
believing themfelves either too old, or too well learned, to learn more than
they already know 5 or may imagine, that what is bere offéved for their
Improvements, may be bare Chimera’s only, lke unto all which has
dees wrote on this Subjett by Theovical Gardeners, who never bad (or
were bred d to) ee ttice But pokes f they avill but age read,
foon aa Opinions 7
ai T is a very great Miftake and Misfortune, when Noblemen and —
Gentlemen cannot be fix'd with good Gardeners; but are always changing,
and very often from a bad to a worfe, which at firft is not. diftover'd,
till _fome terrible Stroke is made among the Fruit-Trees, —_ to tbe
utter Ruin of them, and then ‘tis too fore to be retvieveds
THERE is a certam Kind of People j in Pinhead aul fae been
employ’ d in the labouring Part of Gardening, perbaps but for one Month
only, will then put on Aprons, and call themfelves Gardener's, tho’, at
the fame time, they in falt ave no more shim W wap a Men, ana
very ise br worthy of that Office. |
BY
Th PREFACE.
BY that time that thefe Sort of People have comtinu'd in fuch Em-
ploys about the Space of a Year, they begin to enquire what Gentlemen
avant Gardeners ; and as foon as they hear of any, away they go and
offer their Service, faying, that they are true-bred Gardeners ; that they
help’d to make fuch a Nobleman’s Garden ; nay, very often will have
the Impudence to fay, that they a€tually made it, tho’ but a W heel-barrow
Man at.moft, as I obferv'd before ; and to clofe up the Whole, make ufe
of the Name of fome eminent Nurfery-Man, or Gardener, under whom
they fay they were inftrutted, tho’ perhaps they are wholly unknown to
bim
™ AND if they. can by any means come to know what Wages the laft
Gardener was paid, they alayays ask much lefs 5 that is, if the former
Gardener ferv'd for 20 \. per Ann. they will ferve for 15, 12, 10, nay,
for 8, rather than ftand out ; and upon that Account have been very
often employ'd.
NOW when a Gentleman bas firft been at a great Expence in building
new Walls, purchafing Trees, preparing the Soil, planting them ; and
afterwards five or fix Years Expences in their Ordering, undev the
Government of a good Gardener, and is then in Hopes, and a fair Way
of vecerving good Store of Fruits for bis Expencesandduabour; why
then, perhaps upon (ome.txifingAccomt—or—otber, the Gardener who
ee ful State, is diftharged, and
hianted ay
sucht them anto that jine
se ae liv ae a J
e afor
one of th
begins either to cut or flay, without either Fear or Wit, or otherawi fe
fiffers them to grow im fuch diforderly Manner, that after one fingle
Year's Growth, ‘tis not im the Power of a skilful Pruner to recover
them to the fame State, as when they were Jirft committed into the Hands
of their Executioner, under the Space of three or four Years at the leaft.
OF thefe Pretenders we have great Numbers annually imported
from the Northern Parts, who very probably might in time be as good
Gardeners as any in England, bad they but Modefty enough to be awell
infirutted by our Englifh Gardeners, before they attempt fuch Under-
takings. & |
IT
Bhi eit 2 :
Are tees * ise
CO eS Wee ed Cres
faid Pretenders received into his Place, who immediately —
ee ee ee EY
Pepe Pe
a ee ee a ee TT ee en er eee
al
ania
The RR ERA GB. .
XL
IT is alfo a very great Miftake in Gentlemen, who Lett their Gardens
to be kept by the Year, to Undertakers, who generally Lett them again
to Gardeners under them, at fuch very low Rates, that, to fave them-—
elves, they ave forc'd to flight and hurry over every Part in the very
wort Manner, to the great Prejudice of well-planted Gardens.
AT Twickenham, in the County of Middlefex, is an Inftance of this
Kind, where it unhappily falls out, that the very beft Garden of that
County, nay, I may juftly fay the only one in England ; for fuch another
curious Colleétion of valuable Fruits is not be found in one Garden in
this Kingdom ; is made a Sacrifice thereby : And I am credibly inform d
by a Labouter thereof, that the Gardener. who now has the Care of it,
under the Undertaker, attempted, the Loft | Winter, to lett the Pruning
and Nailing of thofé moft valuable Wall-Fruits to the Labourers, at
L. lk eal ee Rod.
I MUST confe fi that I was Cewd to hear it, for finer Trees are
mot in England ; and the Price being fo very finall, the Labourers could
not undertake the Work, and thereby they eftaped, in Part, the Fury of
oe unskilful Knife. However, to difpatch them in as expeditious a
Manner as po ble, the yore’ were ft to Work by the Day, and
efi 1 i 0 ther OPS “Difcres the ey knenw sepetie f the Matter, any
more than making Fucoth Walls, Tay they fucceede not knowing
the Bloffom-Buds from the Leaf-Buds, they cut away the greateft Part
of the Fruits : So that during this Manner of Keeping, there bas been
very few, or fcarcely any Fruits in the whole Garden, notwithftanding
that it confifts of upwards of Twenty Acres, and did feldom or never
fail of being very fruitful before.
IF I may may be permitted to give my Opinion, with Relation to the
Pruning of Fruit-Trees in large Gardens, I humbly conceive that their
Pruning is the divett Bufinefs of the Head Gardener bimfelf, and no
other Perfon whatfoever, excepting that any of his Underlings have been
avell in firutted therein, who may then, under bis Eye, perform a Part
thereof. For one experienc'd Pruner will perform more Work in one
Seafon, than any Nobleman or Gentleman's Table can require: and theres
fore when unskilful People (as aforefaid) are employ'd in fuch hess either
be} by
XU
The FPR EF A GE.
Ly the Indifiretion of the Gardener under whom they Work, or thro’ his
Idlenefs, the Gentleman whom they ferve, is certain of being greatly in-
jucd, and very often bis Trees ave totally vuin'd thereby.
WHEN Gentlemen are determin'd to Lett the Keeping of their Gar-
dens by the Year, *tis much to their Advantage, to Lett them to the Gar-
deners themfelves, who are employd on the Spot, and not to Undertakers,
who muft have a Fleece out of the Yearly Allowance for doing nothing :
therefore my Advice is, That fome reputable Gardener be chofen, and
the annual Sum in Grofs allow d him ; for then whatever happens amifs
he is wholly anfiwerable for it.
wy Way of proceeding, the Gentleman will be fuve of having no
Pies for Excufes for want of Help ; he will be fure of keeping bis
moft valuable Fruits, Flowers, Roots, and Plants, in bis cwn Garden,
which many Undertakers are very apt to take a Liking to, And, in a Word,
af Bufine/s is to be well done im this Manner, it muft certainly be beft when
the Gardener reaps the whole Gain that is allow d fr bis Labour, and
Expences therein.
THUS much by Way of Caution, with Refpeét to the Bufinefs of
Pruning and Keeping of Gardens ; I now vecommend you to Praétice,
clad is ‘ie declared in the Phase 9 cbt KS
Twickenbam, Fut T
hee aii aas Batty Lanctey.
AN
Se
Xill
A
N
boeN se De eX
OF THE
Principal
A
Folio
Sagan BELE 47
‘9 »- Admirable Peach Eatly, 103
Late 106
4ir, a Principle of Vepeigbles ¢
Alberge Peach 104
heb Peach , ibid.
Anne Peach . 100
Apples, how propagated 33, 34
Table of the beft Kinds 134
: Proper Soils 2
Apricots
Kinds\ Orange
Turky.
Bruxel
Proper Soils... . «2589
‘How propagated ne es oe
Beft againft North-weft
and South-weft Walls
On what Wood produced». 88
Diftance to be planted at 60
When, and howto bethin’d 77
Diftance to ripen at 79
When to be gathered 163-82
. How eaten oe
Afpetts, Lyte apes
North-eaft ibid.
Eaft. 2 ..-- 43) 44
South-eaft 44
South , 46
South-weft 45
» Weft EY ail
North-weft ihn 45
North ~ ibid,
Autumn Fruits, When to gather 83
“te
Matters.
B
Folio
Baking Pears 133
Barren Lands how help’d 47
Bafons, tomake about new planted’ Trees 49
Black. Damofine Plumb 94.
Black Pear Plumb 96
Black fweet- water Grape 114
Black currant Grape ibid.
Black Frontinac Grape 115
Black Muskadine Grape 114
Bloody Peach 107
Blue Fig 118
Blue Perdrigon Plumb 93
es om Buds, inj irious to qeaine at 66
Ro Bheding-Heart | herry 86
Blights 74
Boggy Lands, how drained 32
Bonum Magnum Plumb 95
Bordine Peach > 102
Branches next the Roots of Trees, perifh
when too many in Number, by want
of a free Perfpiration 2 25
Branches, their Growth
Their Diftance, that they fhould be
kept from each other, {0 as to ph
a free Perfpiration 4, 66
To. be frefh nailed every Year, a
66
why. Soper
Thofe in a healthy and fruitful State,
_. are preferyed by early pruning. 67
"Thofe that are weak are ftrengthned
by early pruning ibib,
Thofe that are Iuxurious are checked
by late pruning ibid.
Their Hab my. fome muft be
>>> prun ibid.
_ Why 2a are not to be pruned 68
B
ties “Ne PD ROX
Folio
Brick Grape 114
Brookes Peach 104.
Bruxel Apricot 89
Brunian Nettorine 103
Buds their Nature I -
Their Number in a Stock
Which are to be difplaced, and when fs 3
Burdock. Peach 106
C
Carnation Cherry 86
Catherine Plumb 94
Catherine Peach 7, 107
Canada Grape 114
Cerney Perdrigon 93
Chefton Plumb “as sOid.
per Their Soils er
How propagated
Stones how ordered before and
at fowing 35
~ par _Diftance to be planted at... 60
> When ripe So RE
. When to be eaaeet: - sabid.
When to be SEER jabid.
Gions, How to cut ! 38, 39
To place on the Stock a)
Clay, how generated. > ke
To plant therein 31
Clufter Gra IT4
if Gra + . F116
Cockagee,, an Irifo Cyder Apsile 149
Cuttings, How to order 33
, When to plas a
Pe 3, Tnoculationy how 1ofen - 40,4
* When to be taken from ‘the.
“o> Mother Trees : a
Currants) | woe ool woe th
D
Dew, the Cidiity that falls in Auta 12
Dew and Rain, that fall in a Year 20
Digging eae
Diapre Plumb Yellow 94
Double Troy Peach 103
Drab @ or Plumb 94
Dutch Elm “= ay Ae
Dwarf Ties how ordered at planting ee
‘ow pruned ibid.
Duke Cherry — 71
_ Remarks on the. Produétion of j its
Soe ibid.
Dutch Currant - — eet <3
4
Folio
E
Earth the Kinds 5
A Principle of Vegetables
The Quantity of Moifture con-
tained Meret 7
Eaft Wall = ma
Eaftern Winds injurious to Fruits in
Bloffom 46
Early Admirable Peach ~ 103
Efpaliers how planted 59
Exhalation 74
Experiments
To prove the Quantity of Moifture
in different Depths of Soils
_ To prove the Quantity of Moifture
evaporated in a Day, from the
Surface of one fuperficial Foot of
Land, more than falls in Dew at
Night 12
_ To prove the Quantity evaporated
_ ina Day from an Acre 13
To prove the Reafon of Pruning the
Heads .of Trees atthe Time .of
_» planting ji
s Second Experiment... 2 Manner and Seafon of expofing Horfé e-chefnut 7
them. to the Sun when fully Holmans Duke Cherry 6
own 80
_ Unfipid and why t
\ Time and Manner of cuts 82
I “How preferved in the Con- Sean-bative Plumb go
fervatory 84 “Imperial Plumb" gt
Fruits ripen fooner or later, according to Imperatrice Plumb *” 95
. the different Nature of the Soil ibid. “Iparchin 40
Whitey. Inoculation. ibid.
Black fina Grape’ | o>) - 115 “Infeéts how deftroyed 76
Grizel} zeulv \ Italian Peach wee? 107
. i Ttalian Nectarine Ci he
ag | ‘Faly Grape sail 113
Gardeners 1oage) oh 15
Their common Method of ordering Kernels of Fmits, how ordered before’
ruit Trees has and at the Time of fowi 35
Their feveral erroneous Methods of Their Seatah of perfeCting © 8
{pruning
Their eqrosibics aaiods of nailing , eS ag
; - sii Branches of Fruit. Trees ;/ ibid. L | rP
| eir Error in pruning the Fig Tree: 72 a
Their Error in aif eving Frac Hs Land prepare fo planting, 2A?
Gafcoigne Cherry | 86 Leaves 0 Sin rees : arwteyt
Golden Neétarine oe 103 big iad by 29, 74
Goole oo ee * isa Attracting Nouri ment. 69
ae Ga age Se mes bid, Ase the main excretory Duéts ibid.
: sy Sk ee oo ? ors Wid rep in Magnitude Ted ‘
; G - Gin the Sin ia aati ably to the Growth fs) a igcis: A
ea
When ne Hy and why 7
Placed againft Buds, and why ibid.
Ee be watered in the Spring, when
he Seafon'is dry -
Leaf-buds to be chofen for to per at 68
Lime-Tree ‘47
Loam, how re 2
London Plu C go
Lukeward Cherry 86
Lightning 74
Luxuriancy Stopt 57, 63, 67, 130
M
Magdalene Peach ; whi . é 100
Majculine Apricot - 88
Maitre Claude Plumb — 93
Matchlefs Plumb, sae OOD ibid
Malacotune o 900 107
May Cherry A 85, 86
Meadiate Apple 0 20 145
Mice Injurious STF 119 35
Mirable Plumb, White 93
[dj] Minion
IN
ox
XVI D
Folio .
. Minion Peach hor
- Moifture neceflary for Plants:
Raifed by the attractive Power
of the Sun; il
And by the attractive Force of
Vegetables ibid.
Imbibed by Plants at theix Roots. 22
Imbibed by Plantsat their sibbetee 23
How raifed 74
Morello Cherry
‘Morifco Cherry
_Morocco Plumb
Mogule Plumb ae
¢ + acl Peach \kO2
ulberiies 125
Kinds ‘ 33
How propagated 125
Mushadine See jack 4 Qo dawg =
Mufcat mir: _ - i;
N
ae ]
— ing, when and how ie. be truly :
performed © : Oi * PRESS: 4 Os Oy
etfarines PSH toast
“Qs inds eT #02, 103
Newington Peach. fou" = i
Nobles Peach ALS! 101
North, kfpec 45
eee cesta Bx | 45
t= ow cane ssonbbony « a ay oe
ie nS oONG a
Orchards « on 7 the 2 Southefides of Rivers,
¢, the. humid: Steams, as they.
ne ets by the Sun <<
Orange Apricot 7 89
Oxleans Plumb QI
¢ P 4
Pavies <> : 109
Pavy Royal Peach 105
Pafs-violet 103
Parfley Grape 114
Peaches their Soil , +2
How propagated 33, 34
Where produced 98
How pruned 99
Their GoodnefS 99
Diftance of their Branches Tote)
_ Tables of Kinds Bo8
Time and manner of gathering 82
When ripe ' 8a
St. Peter’s Grape 1is
~ Pears their Soil ; i a a
we Perdrigon Plumb: sii [i dosll ga
M PosTtere
| Folio
How propagated» > 34
| Their Dihtance of pipe 6o
Their Courfons |
Leaves, Bloffoms, and Frui
“when and wheré produced = 73,129
-.o'Fablie of the beft' Kinds: 131
Kinds that produce) their Fruits
0} ork — at: the Ends of their
Sh > 68,79
Blue ¥
Cerney
Deafpititiin, of Plants
How accounted for 23
When perform ‘d 25
Manner ) Ae
Plumbs. picsia late Bet act 8290
o-. “Thee Soils ae 8
» How propagated’? °° 1" * =55
Diftance of Planting ~~"! 60
Manner of pruning ~~ eC
When tipe © oe , SAL $2
Primordian Phibounng aS $ ie)
lansing in’Pap y MFO cing si 48
| i Wetlands yoda 2 Hid.
The Seafon ee Se 37
‘Plants how nourifh’d by Rain, pee’
~ &c. at their Roots, Barks, Soe and
‘ Leaves 24
Pruning at a Leaf-bud< 68
Knife to be yery tees ae 1
The beft Sealog, ENG
Poplar pee ag
“Porpree Peach 105
Purple. Alberge Peach 104
Purple Rasberry 123
a
Qainces'theix Soil
) Bloffoms. and Leaves when and
Sin’ what manner prodyced, 73
Queen Mother Plumb ~ sok glad 94
R
Rains their Penetratio into the Earth fr
Rain and Dew that fall in a Year 20
Radicles 28
Raifin Gra 116
Rabon 2 222
Kinds ibid.
How propagated ibid.
Manner of ibid.
Reine Claude Plamb ie Se 93
Red Magdalene Peach Piste)
Red
a Se a ee ee ee ee ee eT ee Te: mene eae Ngo a vee eee
l LN? Dok: xX: XVii
eE__
Folio Folio
Red Currant ABS, able of Peaches 108
Rind Grafting ‘40 Zable of Grapes 117
Rickets Peach ed Table of Plumbs 97
ts tobep of Pears i y gt
a be fo edi in Watgp when dr ry co Tobe of Apples : 4 x
— To be proferved froya Frofts, ri Tra | SF aT
Se. rect 30
To hold at the time of “pruning re, We, urkey, Piumb 95
Their manner of pruning * *39 Turkey Apricot 89
Their outward Coat or Rind 69 Tt uteon de oust Peach ior
Roman oe az a Bj
Royal Wilding oy a 13 pe ht. a
Royal Plumb es a eg .
Rozanna Peach 108 sg, ast their Principles §
Rambullion Peach 1 AB0G ‘| Imbibe Rain and Dew 44
‘ ee Vines their Soil 2
to tenn has. coe ts gantameld 9) Violete Plumb gt
°d 8S galley, gatas Vidlete ative Peach’ 104
Sep its. Crudities,, 5), 25 Volatile Salt a | Principle of Vegetables 5
Sap; Keffals injus’d by: fadden Heat 45
Salve to, cover the Wounds of Trees 58
wherries 20
—s. | fon Petite gaindeid.
Manner of Planting 3 Gbid.
Scarlet Rasberry. | iO ax
Seeds . Germinate Yon} 28
_» Dilate 48
Seedlings, when and how tostandplant 36
Segfins for sae 57
cate inet
Smith’s Newington Peach
Soils the Kinds I
. Their different: Natures 9). | 43
South-Eaft Walkkiinns. a3 40 44,45
South-Weft Afpe& . L110 424s
Sia ee oa. 29
59 29
splice cafe : 38
34
eat headedts 2.4 yauasxt ; ‘ 38
Stock graftin t oiuys $839
- a of E erafting | ; 48
Stocks large to be Rind-grafted
Standard Fruits their diftanceof planting So
Straining the Roots of ‘Trees at. taking
_ Up, is very: prejudicial 61
Sterility the Caufe i _ 65
How prevented ibid.
Suphas a Principle of ogee 5
Iphur, in Rain and Dew. 9
super eee eT 147
Swalze Peach FOS
Sweetwater Grape aa 35 114
23
Tap-roots 31
Ww
Water a Principle of Vegerabl
Olt Evaporation ina ete 3 :
Its Evaporation in a Year
Waterings neceffary in hot and dry staitins 2 2 f
When neceflary 36
Wall-trees how planted | 57, 58
Manner of ae 575 53
Wallnuts how a ag. 33
Weft-wall 44
DUP ra 141
White se Rand Plumb Ps Surat v
White Pear Plumb : 96
White Nutmeg Peach 100
White Magdalene Peach lot
White Sweet-ewater Grape _ 113
White Mufeadine Grape 114
White Frontinac Grape IIs
White Figg 118.
White Rasberry | 123
Wentworth Plumb 95
Winter Fruits wn to be shale 83
§ Mir 3
“White + Mareblf t Plumb | 93
Wood Strawberry ‘t20
How propagated | 12%
Y .
best: Trees rail the leaft png,
why:
Yellow Diapree Plumb i
Z
Zantoyne Grape it}
§ Mall
een get eminem ae
‘THE
CONT
ENTS.
OK ah ge
CHAPTERS.
F olio.
ees EF Earths
emeaew I], Of the: Eaerciales 0) of Ve
3 fSoa..... getables.
FACS Tl. Of the Mature contain mt
mm" in the Earth, for the Pro-
duction and Support of Plants
he. Manner that .Nature fupports
dio yaad a0 its rae on
VI. Of sin Manner. sok soanae Lauds
~~ for Plantations of Fruit, Trees. | 30
VII. ‘The Manner of ‘raifing. Fruit-Trees i in
a Nurfery, their Grafting, Tnoculating,
and Manner of ‘Tranfplanting, . againft
Walls, Efpaliers, &c.
Vill. Of Afpedts and their Accidents 43
TX. Of the Manner of, Planting Foreft=
& fem to defend ons oF Fruits
fom the Injuries. ° ‘North, _Eaft, and
' eft Winds .. 47
%. Of the Velocity wherewith Nocsihe
ment enters the Roots. of Fruit-Trees ;
- and the Reafons, and Manner of Pruning
- their Roots and Heads at, ks Time ia
Tranfplanting
XI. Of the MAREN of F rit Tree ae
Gia P. F olivs
ter Planting, their Seafon and Manner Be.
Pruning, Nailing, &c.
KI. Of the great ufe of the Leaves ‘of
_ Frmit-Trets and their ‘Force of imbib~-
- Ing Moifture for the Support of their
Bloffoms, Fruits, &c. 69
XII. Of Blights, and the Manner of. or~
. dering Fruit-Trees, when in, ari ng
out of Bloffom, half Grown, and Ripe 74
XIV. Of the Manner of Gathering Fruits,
aie Preferving them after eae Hd
. Of Cherries
svi Of Apricots ee
XVI. Of Plumbs 90
XVIII. Of Peaches and Neétorines 98
XIX. Of Grapes, and their Ordering _ 110
XX. Of Fig-Trees 118
XXII. Of Strawberries! © “120
XXIL Of Rasberries 122
XXII. Of Goofeberries and Currants: 124
XXIV. Of the Black Mulb 125
XV. Of Philberts, = and Ber-
berries
12
XXXVI. Of Pears and aie I: ss
XXVII. Of Apples 133
A Curious Account of the moft valuable
Cyder Fruits i in Devonfbire 135
ROVER 71S might Ee Meee
To the Nosit1ty and Gentry of GREAT-BRITAIN,
HEREAS the Pleafure of Gardens, and Succefs of Plantations
on the Manner of Laying out, and
Kinds of freées,| that are moft Natural to their Soils:
“Author'’ s Advice an be readily commanded to any P
WHOM
ve By
and IRELAND.
wholly depend
the Choice and Planting fuch
“This is to give Notice, ‘That the
art of Great Britain or "Weland,
Judgment j in.
Puldings in General, are Survey’d, Meafur’d and Valued.
As alfo
Timber Growing or F ell’d,
‘Grotto’ s, Bath’ s, Fountains, * Catcades, @c. made, and Engi
Height required ; Cities, Lordthips, Eftates, &. moft a
and Map’d, and Sun-Dials of
ines for raifing Water. to any
ccurately Suryey’d, Meafur’d
all Kinds made for any Latitude.
' ST ~ \3
—~ / aS S
\ ‘ j +) noel
ye is WY As P
Uf a> &\s SS SY [oe | 34 *
ee | =~ PP . s
J a
We
es
Sy CY 2) S=2
FRUITGARDEN |
“ILLUSTRATED.
a UO LEA RT OH S.
RED AEYL ABR HE firft and moft neceflary Work to be done, before
. ea4| — we begin our Plantations, is, Either to make Choice
_ of a proper Soil, or prepare fuch.as we haye, fit for
the Reception of thofe Fruits which we defire to
< : propagate.
#4) (
YG C8 Ze 7)
ALL the feveral Kinds of Soils may be reduced to Three, viz. :
Sand, - Loam, and Clay ; but ‘tis my Belief, that Sand (only) is a
the pure primitive Earth, afd all others but Com jounds : For, as
‘Mr. Bradley juftly obferves in his Works of Nature, That Sand being
moiften’d with Water, and worked in the Hand to a Lump, and afterwards
‘dried in the Sun, will, when thoroughly dried, fall down into a
Ze | B Heap
ettg
* _ POMONA:
Heap of Sand as before; bur if ‘tis moiften'd in the fame Manner
with Oil, and laid in the Sun to dry, it will incorporate, and
become a very hard Subftance. So, from hence ‘tis very probable,
that different Natures, Colours, and Textures of Earths, are alterd, ac-
cording to the feveral Natures of the various Juices with which they
are mixd., | ‘
NOW feeing that Oily Juices will incorporate with Sand, and become
a hard rough Subftance, and that more or lefs in Proportion to the
Quantity of the Oily Particles contained therein ; ’tis very probable that
from thence it is, that the feveral Sorts of oe are generated.
THE fevers Colours of both Sand and Clay, may very probably
proceed from the different Colours of their Juices ; for Sand moiften’d
with Water has a different Colour from that mix’d ah Milk, Oil, Ce.
Experience demonftrates, that Sand mix’d with Clay, makes a coiieaiaad
Earth called Loam ; 3 which-differs in its Nature, weaning to the Pro-
portion contain’d inna each other.
EQUAL Sk of Sand and Clay, perfectly mix’d together, |
~~ makes the beft (and is called a Middling) Loam.
yA WO Thirds Clay, § and one Third Sand, makes a very ftrong Loam,
Be: led rick -Farth.. -Thefe two Kinds of Loams are the very
‘be S Soils for Apples, Pears, Plumbs, Apricots, and Quinces: The firft
for. the Surface, or firft Strata ; and the laft for the Bottom, or <—
Strata.
\ Two Thirds Sand, and one Third Clay, makes a light Loam,
~ ufaally called Light-Land. Thefe two laft are the beft Soils for Cherries,
~ Peaches, Figs, Vines, doc. this laft Compofition being the fir Strata,
or Surface, and the preceding the Bottom or next lower Strata.
i.
‘ VINES delight i in rich warm soils, and therefore the Sand vet to
~ in Bitar a then the prececingg
Tht
aii
The Frurt-Garpvewn [Iluftrated.
THE Depth of thefe two Stratas taken together, needs never be
more than two Feet, (véz.) The firft Strata, or Surface, 16 Inches, and
the Bottom, or next loweft Strata, 8 Inches : For whatever Nourifh-
ment is imbibed by Trees below this Depth, is crude and undigelted
for want of Heat; therefore whenever Fruit Trees are fuffer'd to
{trike their Tap-Roots fo very deep, they immediately become luxurious,
and their Fruits infipid, ta the over and above Crudity of the Sap im
bibed from below.
IT has been the Pragtice of many eminent Gardeners, to make their
Borders for Fruit Trees full three Feet deep ; and Mr. Wife and Mr.
London, nay, and even Mr. Carpenter alfo, recommends the making of
Earth full three Feet deep, in their French Tranflation of the Retired
Gardener, without confidering the spies Degrees” of Heat in the
Earth, from 1 to 36 Inches deep.
THE Reverend and Learned Mr. Hales, in his Vegetable Staticks,
p- 64. has proved, That at two Feet Depth, ‘tis 27 Degrees colder than
on the Surface, and confequently the deeper we go afterwards, the more
colder.and crude is the Nourifhment.
IF we are fo happy as to have the Liberty of making our own
Choice of a Soil for our Plantation, I advife that it be Land which
has not been difturbed by either Spade or Plough within-the Space
of 50 or 60 Years, and continually fed with Cattle: That it be a
kind, moderate, fandy Loam, of two Spits in Depth, its Bottom ‘incli-
nable to a Brick-Earth, with a moderate Reclination towards the South,
or South declining Eaft about 20 Degrees; and the Springs about ten,
twelve, yc. Feet below the Surface.
TO make Choice of Soils, by their Smells, Taftes, coc. as Mr. Wife
agrees to, in his Treatife aforefaid, is very difficult ; for notwith-
ftanding that their Steams, or Taftes; may be difagreeable to our Pa-
lates, yet “tis very probable that they may be agreeable to Plants, when
Nature has prepared them fit for their Nourifhment. Befides, ’tis not
_ in our Powers to determine the Nature of Soils by Smell or Tafte ; be-
caufe that all Soils contain a great Variety of Juices ; fome neceffary for
the
?
FO: M:Orn- ALY Oy,
ieee iit
the Support of one Kind of Plants, others for other Kinds, which Na-
ture. can diftinguifh and make proper Choice of; but we cannot; for
when we {mell or tafte, tis all the Juices mixt together. Extream Drought,
or extream Wet, caufes Barrennefs in all Kinds of Soils; Sand, and Clay,
moderately moiftened, will produce divers Vegetables, as well Timber
as Fruit-Trees: The Englifb Elm, Cherry, Peach, dc. will grow in a
moift Sand, and the Oak, Pear, Apple, dc. in a ftrong Clay.
BUT when thefe Trees are planted in a moderate moift Loam, their
Growths are much greater in the fame Time; and the like of almoft
every other Plant in the Garden. Therefore when Nature has not fo
well prepared our Soil,. as the Natures of our Trees require, we muft
endeavour to make good fuch Defeéts by Art.
LANDS that are very light and fandy, are beft manured with Clay,
Mud of Rivers, Ponds, 5c. and thofe that are clayey, tiff, wet, cove.
with Sand, Sea-coal-afhes, Street-dirt, and Horfe-dung, well mixt together.
Pigeon’s-dung is alfo a good Manure for cold Lands, being ufed wich
Difcretion. | —
Comp ood. moderate Loam, is Horfe-dung, Cow-
dung, anc Sea-coal-afhes, well mixt with the up-
permoft Spit of a fre w, ina Leftal, for Six Months before.
Rotten. Leaves and the Bottom of Wood-piles, are alfo good Manures
- for ftron& Loams.
ALL Kinds of Soils are greatly improved by early Ridging, for light.
and fandy Lands are made thereby capable of receiving the whole Bene-
fits of Rains, Snow, ¢c. that fall in the Winter, and clayey ftrong Lands
are made mellow, and fit for the Reception of Seed and Plants in the
Spring. And Loams in general, are not only meliorated and {weetned,
by having their Crudities exhaled away by the Sun, Winds, gc. butare
enabled to imbibe freely the great Benefits of Moifture, throushout the
whole Winter, as well as the genial Heat of the Sun, in che: Seiler
which are the yery Life and Support of thofe Vegetables that we defire
to propagate, | #1
3 | CHAP.
The Fruit-GarveEn_ Jduftrated.
(Jain. i '
2] T is well known to Chymifts that Vegetables are compofed of
Five Principles, viz. Sulphur, Volatile Salt, Water, Air, and
at so} Earth, and fince that their Nourifhment is in greateft Part com-
municated to them at their Roots, ‘tis very reafonable to believe, that
when the Earth is capable of nourifhing and fupporting the Growth of
Plants, fhe is then. furnifhed with fufficient Quantities of the Firft Four
Renripie, mend Sulphur, Volatile Sale, Water, and Air.
ey
“AS 5
BY the er Chapter it appears, that the more or t lefs Gann
of oily Juices Earths are mixed with, fo are they more or lefs capable
of Sepang Water, Air, Ci: For Sand and light Loams, will imbibe
‘ith greater Velocity th a Clay and very dtroog. Loame
For the Firft having Ii hiccle or no oully Parcel _ hoe B
mit of a free Entrance ; but the Clay and ftrong Loams, ane great
Quantities thereof, refift the Water's free Paflage therein.
NOW, as Earths are differently ftored with thefe oily Particles,.fo are
they more or lefs furnifhed with each of ‘the aforefaid Principles: Which
feems to bea wife Order of Nature. For as Vegetables are differently
compofed of their Principles, fo are the feveral Kinds of Earths furnifhed
therewith, whereby Nature has adapted every Plant to its proper Soil,
wherein ‘twill thrive beft. 7
SUPPOSE an Oak to be compofed of equal Principles, viz. one
Fifth of Volatile Salt, one Fifth of Sulphur, one Fifth. oh Water, one
Fifth of Air, and one Fifth of Earth ; ‘ghia
oo» i,
© - THEN
PF Oe M:@ NoAr:: Or,
THEN the Nourifhment truly natural to the Oak, is of each an
+ equal Quantity: But when thefe Principles are unequally mixt, be it more or -
def, in any other Soil, and the Oak is tranfplanted therein, the Growth
will be retarded proportionably; becaufe the unequal Mixture of the
feveral Principles are difproportionable to thofe of which the Oak is com-
poled.
HENCE it is that Alders, Willows, Poplars, ¢c. which have
great Quantities of Water in them, cannot thrive in hot and dry Lands.
And contrarily, the Oak, Beech, Cherry, Peach, °c. cannot thrive in
very wet Lands, where the Quantity of Water is in too great a Quanti-
ty for their Support, which rather difunites their Principles, than fapports
them. Therefore to be certain of adapting every Plant to its proper
~ Soil, we muft firft examine the exa& Quantities of each Principle that’s
contain d in every Plant we would propagate, as alfo in the Soils we in-
"tend to cultivate, And then, if we plant our feveral Soils with fuch Ve-
getables whofe Principles are found to be equal, or nearly equal to thofe
of the Soils, we may affure our felves of Succefs, and work with Cer-
tainty ; whereas what has been hitherto well done by every one in Plant-
ing and Gardening, has been by mere Chance only.
Reach of ordinary Ca Dal ities, ‘and require abundance of Accuracy, Judg-
- ment, and Time, which ‘may hinder many from making Refearches
therein; but were fuch a Work judicioufly compleated, ‘twould render the
Practice of Gardening certain and fucce(sful,
‘TIS truc, that thele Inquiries into Vegetable Nature are beyond the
ee ci at
ainary |
ET is with no fmall Concern, that the great Hurry of Bufinefs, and
Want of Time, have prevented the compleating of thefe fo-much wanted
Experiments, which I fhould gladly have obliged the World with, at this
Inftant, fince they are the very Bafis and Life of Planting and Gardening.
But if Life permits, I fhall very fpeedily accomplifh them ; which with
7 © grearelt Accuracy and Juftnefs will be communicated, that every
Lover-of Planting and Gardening, may have a true Underftanding of their
~ feveral different Natures and Qualities, and thereby be always certain of
their defired Succefs, |
”
CHAP.
a a a a
oN ALE EE EERE SET OE | Ey eRe Ne NOE REN SS Ce ae ee meee re eee
*
The Fruit-GarpdeEn IMuftrated.
F
CHAP. ILL
Of the Moifture contained in the Earth, for the Produétion
| and Support of Plants.
sien || S Light Is imperfect when deprived of any one of the feve-
1A eel ral Colours, of which ’tis compofed, which the Prifm exhibits ;
fo likewife are Vegetables imperfect, when any one of their
‘Principles is wanting. And ‘tis very probable, when that moft neceflary
Principle, WATER, is wanting, that the Principles of Volatile Salt, and
Sulphur, are alfo wanting. For ‘tis mote reafonable to believe that they
are contain'd in Water, rather than in Earth. |
ucmany Vegetab
“the Reafon of this is, That theve is a Kind of Salt in the Earth,
‘ avhich animates and fets it upon Aétion.
~~
tan)
“ NOW this Salt can have no Influence unlefs it be diffolved, for
whilft it ts, as it were, fetter’d to the Earth, and ferves to compofé
the fame Mafs with st, it’s uncapable of doing any thing neceffary to
“ a new Produttion ; but when the Water has diffolved ‘the Salt, and
"mingled it with the Parts of the Earth, the Pavts thus animated,
Separate and communicate themfélwes to the Root of the Plants that
“ receive their Nouvifhment from them.” |
I CAN’T
ra + ¥ }
*
POMONA: Or,
I CAN’T fee wherein the Philofophy of thefe Gentlemen confifts,
for the Salt of Vegetables is volatile;. and not a grofs Body, and
therefore has no occafion of a Diflolution to prepare its Parts fit for the
Nourifhment of Plants.
AND again, if this vegetative Salt were contained in the Earth, why
then in very hot and dry Seafons, when no Rains fall in the Space of
fix or feven Weeks, and the Earth becomes fo dry as to be unfit for Vege-
tation, the Plants thereof muft perifh : Becaufe that the Dews (tho’
perhaps very great) are of themfelves incapable of penetrating the Earth
deep enough to diffolve the Salt therein contained ; which they fay mutt
be diffolved, before it can do any Thing neceflary to a new Produétion.
But on the contrary, ‘tis feen that Plants do not-perifh, but oftentimes
make new Produétions in thofe very dry Seafons, which is a convincing
Proof that their nutritive Sale muft be contained in the Dews, which
are then their ‘chief Support, and not in the dry Earth, which is then
renderd nearly incapable of Aétion. :
IF thefe Gentlemen had made Experiments of their. own, and ftri&
Refearches into the wonderful Operations of Nature, they might have dif-
coverd many of her furprizing Ways of working.
THEY might have feen what Preparations are made in the Leaves,
Buds, and Barks of Vegetables, to imbibe Nourifhment from. Dews,
when their Roots are incapable of communicating any, as well as to
perfpire it away when plentifully fupplied therewith: For all the Moifture
imbibed. by Trees, oc. at their Roots, is not wholly imploy’d in
making of Sap, forming new Buds, Branches, ¢9c. as is generally be-
lieved—(But this I fhall fully handle in its Place)—They would alfo have
known the great Power that Air hath on the Growth of Vegetables ;
how it ftrongly attraéts when in a fix’d State, and repels in an elaftick
State : How it helps to diftend their tender ductile Parts, and invigorates
their Sap : And how, by. its mixing with the other Principles, they. are
thereby affimulated into the Nourifhment of the feveral Parts of the Ve-
getable, whereby its Growth is carried on to the greateft Maturity : How
the Growth of Vegetables is perform’d by the infinite Combinations,
Action and Re-aétion of their Principles; and that the volatile Sale,
| 3 and
1
The Frort-Garven Jdufirated.
and Sulphurous Particles of Vegetables, are contained in Rains and Dews,
and not a Part of the Earth, as they imagin’d: .
BUT pardon me for this long Digreffion, and I will proceed to the
Subject in Hand. 4
THE Quantity of Moifture neceflary for the Support of Plants,
fhould be in Proportion to their feveral Natures ; for fome delight in
much, and others in lefs, ¢’c. and therefore Nature has agreeably, at
different Depths, furnifh’d the Surface of the Earth with fuch Quantities
as are neceflary to fupport their feveral Natures.
AND ‘tis obfervable, that thofe Plants whofe Nature require but
litle Moifture, are fhallow rooted ; but thofe that delight in much, ex-
tend their Roots to greater Depths. ,
I HAVE made divers Experiments, in great Variety of Soils, to
difcover the Quantity of Moifture that Nature had provided for the
Support of Plants in dry Seafons, and find, that the greateft Quantity
is always contained in the fecond Foot below the Surface ; which is an
undeniable Direction for the Depths of Soils.
he.Reverend Mr. Hales Sol alfo Wtale the fame, in his
Tagetable pre p. 51. in the Me ‘ollo eae
ON the laft Day of Fuly, in the Year 1724. he dug up a Cubick
Foot of Earth from the Surface of an Alley in his Garden ; and putting
it into a Cubical Veflel, whofe Weight was before known, he weighed
it, and found its Weight equal to 104 Pounds one Fourth, Averdupois.
- THIS done, he dug up a fecond Cubical Foot of Earth from the
Bottom of the firft, whole Weight was 106 Pounds fix Ounces : And,
laftly, a third Cubical Foot from the Bottom of the fecond, which
weighed 111 Pounds + one Third.
THESE three Feet in Depth were a good Brick-Earth ; but below
them a Gravel of two Feet depth, under which the Springs did then
. run,
D : I weighed
10
POMONA: @;
and perfpired by Plants.
I weighed a Cubical Foot of Rain Water, and found its Weight to
be nearly 50 Pounds Averdupois, which is very little more than half
the fpecifick Gravity of Earth: But Spring-water 1s oftentimes fomething
heavier, according to the different Nature of the Earth or Mineral from
which it {prings.
AFTER thefe three feveral Cubick Feet of Earth were weighed, they
were laid thin, that their Moifture might be the fooner exhaled ; and
‘twas found, that when the firft Cubick Foot was become fo dry and ~
dufty as to be unfit for Vegetation, it had loft fix Pounds + eleven
Ounces of Water, which is near one Eight Part of its firft Bulk.
THE {econd Cubick Foot being not fo dry when the firft was weighed,
was left fome Days longer, and being then weighed, had loft ten Pounds
of its Weight.
THE third Cubick Foot being very dry, had loft eight Pounds + eight
Ounces, viz. one Seventh Part of its firft Bulk. |
FROM thefe Experiments it appears, That the fecond Cubick Foot
decreafed in Weight the moft, (but indeed ‘twas fome fmall Matter dryer
than either the firft or third) and confequently contained as much or more
Moifture than chat next below it. And ‘tis obferveable, that the Roots
of mof Plants that are of a large and quick Growth, poffes that
| Depth, probably, becaufe in that Depth the Juices are -meliorated and
made fitter for the Nourifhment of Plants, than thofe that are deeper,
_ which, for want of the genial Heat of the Sun (being crude and un-
prepared) are unfit for the Support of Vegetables.
BUT notwithftanding that the Moifture in the three next lower
Strata’s is not fo well prepared for the Nourifhment of Plants ; yet’tis
abfolutely neceflary that ir fhould be there in Store, to fucceed that
which is imbibed and perfpired away by Plants, as they advance in Growth:
- For if there was not a Succeffion of Moifture conftantly alcending,
*ewould be impoffible for Plants to live in very dry Seafons; which will
appear when I come to demonftrate the Quantities of Moifture imbibed
2 AND
The Frurr-Garovewn IIluftrated.
a
AND it is from thefe Supplies of Moifture, that deep Soils fupport
their Plants in very dry Seafons, when thofe on fhallow dry-bottom’d °
Lands perifh : For tho’ the Moifture of thefe deep Stratas is not fit for
the Nourifhment of Plants, when fo very deep, yet as it afcends and
comes nearer to the Surface, ‘tis better prepared, and at length made fit
for their Reception.
THE Moifture contain’d in the lower Strata’s, is, in fome mealure,
tais'd by the attractive Power of the Sun, as well as by the imbibing
Force of Vegetables ; which laft is undoubtedly much ftronger than
the firft, becaufe thofe Countries which greatly abound with Woods,
have greater Rains than thofe that are unplanted : For the Roots of
Trees having a very great imbibing Force, do draw up and imbibe
great Quantities of Moifture, which they are continually perfpiring away
at their Leaves, and thereby furnifh the Atmofphere with great Quan-
tities of Water, which unplanted Lands cannot do. |
"TIS obfervable that Rains will freely penetrate the Earth Two Feet
deep, but feldom freely deeper, therefore at that Depth there is contain’d
not only the Rain Water, but the Spring Water alfo, in fuch Quantity
as ‘tis raifed by the Two attractive Powers aforefaid: Which Depth Na-
ture feems Wiftty-to—hevechafen, not only that the genial Heat of the
Sun can there prepare the crude rancid fit for the Nourifhment
of Vegetables, but the fcorching Rays of the Sun, and drying Winds,
cannot prefently exhale away the neceflary Moifture, fo as to deprive Plants
of their Support. ;
IF any doubt the Afcenfion of Moifture, let them read Mt. Hales’s
Vegetable Staticks, Pag. 54: and 55. _ Having thus explain’d the Man--
ner of Nature’s fupplying Plants with Moifture in hor and dry Seafons,
from the loweft Strata’s of the Earth; perhaps it mayn't be amifs if I
fhould fpeak a Word or two, in relation to Dews, which are very re- ©
frefhing to Plants in dry and hot Seafons.
BY an Experiment made Auguft 15. by Mr. Hales (vide his Staticks,
Pag. 53.) it appears, that two glazed Earthen Pans, which were three
Inches deep, and twelve Inches Diameter in Surface, fill’d with pretty
2 moift
"12
POMON A: QO,
moift Earth; increafed in Weight by one Night's Dew, 180 Grains, and
the next Day decreafed, one Ounce + 282 Grains. And that nothing
might add to, or fubtract from, the Accuracy of this curious and ufeful
Experiment, Mr. Hales placed thofe two Pans, in two other broader Pans,
to preveat any Moifture fticking to their Bottoms, which might make
the Quantity of Dew fallen, feem to be greater than it actually was.
AND ‘twas found that a greater Quantity of Dew fell on that Earth
which was moft moift, than on that which was drier, and more than a
double Quantity on Water, than an equal Surface of moift Earth. For
the Particles of Dew and Water being Homogeneous, do attract each other
with a much greater Force, than Earth and Dew do, that are Hetero-
geneous.
“ THE Evaporation of a Surface of Water in a Winter's Day of nine
“ Hours, is -+ of an Inch, of Ice fet in the Shade for the fame Space of
** time 34 of an Inch.
NOW if from the above Quantity evaporated 762 Grains, which
are equal to 1 Ounce + 282 Grains,
You fubtra& the Dew receiv’d in one Night - 180
FHe-Retlerence 1s VS a hy
This Difference of 582 Grains is the extraordinary Quantity evaporat
from a Circular Area of Earth of one Foot Diameter every 24 Hours in
the Summer, more than falls in Dew in the Night. Which in 21 Days,
is near’26 Ounces.
For — 582 the Quantity daily evaporated,
Multiply’d by 21 the Number of Days ;
582 |
1164.
The Produ is 12222 ~— Grains.
And
i i
Pree
The FrurtT-GarvDeEN ILduftrated.
a3
And fince 480 Grains is equal to one Ounce, therefore divide the
Produ& 12222, by 480, as follows.
480)12222(25 Ounces.
960
2622
2.400
222 Grains remaining, which are
but 258 Grains, fhort of an Ounce complete, to make the whole
26 Ounces. —
NOW to find the Quantity of Moifture exhaled from a greatet
Quantity of Ground, as a Rod, Acre, @’c. we muft proceed as follows :
But that every thing may be fully clear'd, I will go through the whole
Operation, that every one may have a perfect Underftanding ; for the
Knowledge thereof is of very great Importance to a good Gardener.
The circular Area before mentioned, being one Foot Diameter,
its ope ce ed in Inches may be thus found, wiz.
Spore ‘the Diameter multi, rt Diend t Toy leven. nel dividing the
i Product by fourteen, the Sesera will be the Area required.
gies EXAMPLE.
POMONA: Or,
- equal to one Seventh.
Ceci Cre ar pai capesareer
Sy ee ae ee ee ee ee -
EXAMPLE :
The Diameter 12 Inches. | | a
Multiplyed by 12 | =
24
12
The firft Produ& is 144
Which multiply by 11
Pree mtd
So ea oo met 4h ts Sy aia... nist = 2 or
The 2d Produ&,7
which divide by ~7e@14)1584(113 $ The Quotient, which is the Num-
SHG GA 2. 1 PEA ber of fquare Inches inethe Area
| ssn aoe or Circle, whofe Diameter was
or one Foot, or twelve Inches.
/
ae ERRNO :
SBS Bee ee:
Son yt .
eee: sean a § tile ai a eek
_—
Sb a, Se or a
ains, which
—— “= ass
S eaehy = te eS ie ae eicoae
<—< PE ee . So ee at
gee =f es ae Se
is equal to + of the Divifor, ©
se
THE fecond Work is, to find the Number of {quare Inches in a {quare
Foot: ‘Which is known by multiplying twelve Inches the one Side of the
Square, by twelve, another Side of the Square, and the Produét will be
equal to 144, which is the Number. of {quare Inches contained in a
fquare Foot, ee
eee dP Te
The Frurt-GarvdeEn IMnftrated. 15
EXAM P LB.
| 12 Inches, one Side of a Square Foot.
Multiply'd by 12 one of the other Sides.
24
120
Se
The Produ& 144 Which are the Square Inches in a oey
3 Foot as required.
THE third Work is to find the tii of Square Feet‘in a Square
Red, Pole, or Perch, which are alfo found by multiplying 16 Feet and
a half, (the Number of Feet contained in a Rod. in Length) by the
fame, and their Product is the Number of Square Feet. required.
EXAMPLE
Feet. Inches.
Tee 66
16: = * 66 :
The Produ& . 272 :. 03. .Which are the Square Feet con-
| | » tairled in one sate Rod: as
‘* ; + equi Gg Sago
| “AND as an Acte of fend contains Ais Poles, or Rods, the be Cale
| culation may be es for any Quantity required.
AS: ips a ¢y3 LdS sms 3o S55 sere = |
A ‘SQUARE Pole whok Sides are = eae Beat to 16 Feet 4)
contains 39204 Square Inches, which being divided by 113, the Area of
"the Circular Foot, omitting the Fraction, the Quotient is 346 174.
3 2 : AN D,
16
POMOWN A: Or,
AND, as it has been proved, that in 21 Days near 26 Ounces were
evaporated from one Circular Foot, therefore multiply 346 (the Number
of Circular Feet in one Square Rod) by 26, (the Quantity evaporated
from the Surface of a Circular Foot in 21 Days) and the Product will
be 8996, which is very near the Quantity of Ounces that are evaporated
from the Surface of one Rod in 21 Days.
IF 8996 be divided by 16, (the Ounces in a Pound Averdupois)
the Quotient will be 562 4, the Quantity of Pounds Weight evaporated.
IF we admit, chat one Pound of Water is equal to one Pint, we may
eafily reduce the 562 2 Pounds into Gallons : For 562 being divided
by 8, the Number of Pints in a Gallon, the Quotient is 26 44, the
Quantity of Gallons evaporated from one Square Rod in 21 Days.
NOW by the Rule of Proportion :
IF, in 21 Days, 8 996 Ounces be evaporated from one Square Rod,
what Quantity is evaporated =e the fame Surface in 21 Days ?
ANSWER. 428 Ounces, equal to 26 Pounds 12 Ounces, equal
to three Gallons, one Quart, aad chxce Quarterns,
ieee |
N.B. IF the judicious Gardener does well confider this, he will
be eafily led into the Reafons of watering Plants in dry Seafons.
NOW, fecing that we have obtained the daily Evaporation of one
Rod, I will proceed to a further Enquiry, viz, What Quantity of
Moifture is evaporated in the Space of a whole Summer ; which I begin at
the 1 5th of May, and end at the 15th of Ofober, containing 154 Days.
BLY the Rule of Proportion : |
_~ TE, from the Surface of one Rod, 428 Ounces are evaporated in one
Day, what Quantity will be evaporated from the fame Surface in 15.4
Daya: cs sh : |
2 — ANSWER.
Oe Teer Oe i.
SE ee CE apt area I ie “eae
[he Fruit-Garvewn? [hufrated.
17
ANSWER. 65912 Ounces, wget to 4119 Pounds 4, equal to
514 Gallons, + Pint, equal to 14 Barrels, 10 Gallons, « Pint.
NOW to find the Quantity of Moifture evaporated from one Acte,
in the fame Time, proceed by the fame Rule; viz.
IF from the Surface of one Rod, 65912 Ounces are evaporated in
154 Days, what Quantity will be evaporated from the Surface of an
Acre (vz. 160 Rods) in the fame Time ?
ANSWER. 10545920 Ounicés, equal to 659120 Pounds, equal
to 82390 Gallons, equal to 2316 Barrels, 14 Gallons.
- NOW, as we have made this Calculation, let us proceed a little
further, and enquire what Depth of Water is evaporated from’ the Sur-
face of the Earth every Day, whereby fome Proof may be given fot
the preceding Calculation.
“ NIC. Crugnius (as Mr. Hales obferves, p. 55.) N° 381. of the
& F bi epics} Zi Pata at found that 28 Inches Depth evaporated in
role.-Xeartrom Water, 4..¢. 73 of an g Jah each Pie at a mean
a —- “Bae he —— in a Summer ~ ae
© Inch; fo the Evaporation of -a Surface of Water isto he Evaporation
“ of a Sickie of Earth in Summer, as ten is to three.”
FOR fince that = of an Inch is evaporated daily (ee Water; ‘bie:
- fore, in twelve. an there will be one entire Inch in Depth evaporated ;
and confequently in 144 Days, (which as much about: the Length of a
Summer) one entire Foot in Depth, -provided that Rains were “not, or
do not fall in that-Time, From this we may eafily account for the
Wate of Wotan in mage ee Canals, Qe:
“BUT fince eae the Earth doth; evaporate but 75 of an ae ina Biny,
therefore one entire Inch in Depth cannot be evaporated under 40 Days.
“/AND as the firft Cubical Foot of Earth, in the preceding Experi-
ment, had wafted 194 Cubick Inches of Water, which render’d the
F | Earth
BOM .O Now: Or;
a ee
Earth unfit for Vegetation ; therefore if from one Foot Square there are
144 Cubical Inches evaporated in 40 Days, (twill require 53 Days $ to
evaporate 194 Inches, to rendet the Earth jas dry and unfit for Vege-
tation as aforefaid : Which 53 Days %, is about the one third Part of a
Summer ; and ’tis always feen, that when we are without Rains for fo
long a Space of Time, the Surface of the Earth, for a full Foot in Depth,
is fo very dry, as to be unfit for Vegetation.
B Y_ the preceding Calculation it has been demonftrated, That 514
Gallons were evaporated from one Rod of Ground in 154 Days ; but
by the Evaporation of 4 of an Inch in a Day, it appears to be fome-
thing (tho’ very little) more. .I will demonftrate the fame in the fol-
lowing Operation.;
SINCE that two Square Feet’ contain» 288 Square Inches, which
are evaporated in 40 Days, and 288 Cubical Inches being equal to one
Gallon, ‘tis evident that one Square Foot that contains 144 Square
Inches, being taken at one Inch in Depth, is equal to two Quarts, ‘or
half a Gallon ; and confequently 272 Square Feet : (which is equal
to. a Rod) docks evaporate in 40 Days, 272 times } the Quantity of
one Foot, which is equal to 545 Quarts, equal to 136 Gallons one
Quart; equal to three Bartels 7 and one Quart, See the Operation, §
= ¥ %
Ve ae
The Cubical. Lohan in one Gallon . ne SaR coetces: Prone
The Cubical Inches.in- two. Quarts 144» ~ equal to the Square Inches
in a Square Foot.
The Number of Feet i in a Soe Rod’ 172 SIE 10 1, Goes o ?
Which multiply bys: Ihio' Se Sc eis gel conceit din, one
“Square Foot, atione “ye in Depth; »§ —-~
Product sic 2iissi tse loves es HS Fhgu
SO whigh:add~ silks wis. ayy Gate oy 1 for — —— a Foot mul-
tiplied by 2, equal: to 2 : Foot, cgi —-——) to one —— And
The Produé& is - - 545 Quarts, the
Couaye eva~
in oi from one Rod of Ground j in the tose of 40 for fuch Trees having a free Per-
fpiration in all their Parts, their lower Branches are firft furnifh’d with
“Sap, which sagt them ftronger than thofe that are higher, and laft
ferved. And ’tis from this that Foreft Trees acquire their beautiful
Pyramidical Forms, the Force of the Sap being proportionably fpent, in
the feveral Stages of their lateral Branches, as they afcend in Heighth.
AND as every Stage of Branches are fhaded by the next above them,
’tis therefore that they become naked, and only produce Leaves at their Ends,
as in the Cafe of Trees planted eat together in a Wood. But if the
middle of Trees are kept open, as Dwarf Trees in Gardens, or very
thin of Wood, then all their feyeral Branches will have a free Perfpi-
H ration
26
POM O.N As On
rs
ration in all their Parts, and confequently be full of Buds, Leaves, and
Shoots,
.
THIS I advife my Readers to confider well, for hereon depends the
whole Succefs of our Labours, which I fhall fully demonftrate when I
come to lay down the Reafons and Manner of Pruning.
BY the preceding Account it appears, That ‘tis very Beneficial to
water the Leaves and Branches of Fruit Trees in an Evening, when
. Seafons are very dry.
‘ THE 20th Experiment of Mr. Hales, mention’d in_ his Vegetable
Staticks, p..62. proves, That at two Feet Depth the Heat is very
confiderable and conftant ; that, is, the fame by Night .as_ by Day,
~ and that by its ftrong Influence, great Quantities of Moifture are con-
tinually raifed from the lower Strata's, during the warm Summer Seafon,
for the Support of Plants: ‘‘ The Impulfe of the Sun-Beams giving
the Humidity of the Earth a brisk undulated Motion, which 3 watry
“ Particles, when feparated and rarified by Heat, do afcend in Form of
“‘ Vapour, and vigoroufly enter the Roots of Plants.”
THEREFORE as this Gentleman further obferves, p. 66.) ‘tis
very reafonable to believe, That the Roors of Vegecables are thus, by
Means of the Sun’s genial Heat, continually water d with new Supplies
of Moifture : For if the Humidity of the Earth did not. thus afcend,
the Roots of Vegetables muft receive all the Nourifhment which they
have from the Earth, merely by imbibing the next adjoining Moifture
contain’d in thofe Shells of Earth which enclofe their Roots ; and
if fo, why then that Earth which is next to their Roots would be
always much dryer than that which is farther from it, which is not
always fo: And again, if this was the Cafe, why then Plants that grow
in the Earth, and root very fhallow, would be as foon perifh’d for
want of Moifture, as the fame Plants when they are planted in large
Tubs, fuch as thofe in which we plant our Orange Trees, whofe Bottoms
preventing the rarified Vapour from penetrating the Roots of the within
planted Trees, they do therefore foon exhauft away all the Moifture
containd in the Earth of the Tub, and perifh if not fupplied with
more,
AND
t
The Frui1t-GarDeEn Thuftrated..
27
AND again, (as this Gentleman further obferves) if Plant were not
thus fupplied with Moifture from the lower Strata’s, how would it be
pofible for them to fubfift in very hor Latitudes, as thofe within 10
or 15 Degrees of the Equinoétial Line, where they are often without
Rain for many Months.
THEREFORE the genial Heat of the Sun being in Conjunétion
with the Aftraction of the capillary Sap-Veflels, the Moifture is raifed,
imbibed, and carried up thro’ the Bodies and Branches of Plants, and
therice pafling into the Leaves, it is there moft vigoroufly acted upon in
thofe thin Plates, and put in an undulating Motion by the Sun’s
Warmth, whereby i it is moft plentifally thrown off, and perfpired thro’
their Surface ; whence, as foon as it is difentangled, it mounts with great
Rapidity into the Air.
NOW, from what is here deliver'd, ‘tis plain, That deep and
ftrong-bettom’d Lands, which always abound with great Quantities of
Moifture i in their lower Strata’s, are the only Lands which we are to make
Choice of for our Plantations of Fruits : That when hot and dry Seafons
happen, they may be able to fubfift without great Labour and Expence
in Watering» which maul be at thofe Seafons when we plant in fhallow,
light, _ dry=botromr’d-Seils;—fach. ands Gravels, or.
CHAP.
«~
—e
| 28.
“HO MONA: Or,
i Ne. *
a
Fs be
CHA PF.
Of the GrowTn and Maturity of PLANTS.
Fey) HE firft Operation of Nature, after fowing the Seed of a
Bi | Vegetable, is to imbibe as much Moifture as is neceflary for
GIHGkse) its Germination, whereby it fwells with very great Force,
Force Mr. Hales has proved. in his Experiment on Peafe, which he
put in an Iron Pot with Water, and, as they dilated themfelves, they
raifed 184 Pounds. Vide Vegetable Staticks, p. 94.
Now feeing that Seed cannot ftrongly germinate without a fufficient
Quantity of Moifture, ‘tis no ,wonder that bad Crops are produced,
when fown late in dry Seafons: Therefore the old Maxim of fowing
dry, feems to be a Miftake, except in Lands that are naturally very wet.
AND fince that Seeds dilate themfelyes with very great Force at
their Germination, therefore che Soil wherein they are fow'd fhould
be well meliorated by digging, d’c. not only for their free Dilatations,
but for the more eafy Penetration of their tender Plumes, or firft leading
Shoots into the Air, as well as their Radicles, or firft fhooting Roots,
with their fubfequent Fibres, in the Earth, For when the Radicles
cannot freely penetrate the Earth, ‘tis impoffible that they can imbibe
fufficient Moifture neceflary for the Production of good Plants.
N. B. LF any defire to be inform’d bow Nature operates from the
Germination of Seed to the Formation of Buds, Shoots, &c. let
them vead Mr. Hales’s Vegetable Staticks, p. 329, 3.49, 351.
THE Shoots or Branches of Trees are produced by the gradual Di-
latation and Extenfion of ‘their Buds ; for all Branches and Fruits are
form’d in the very fame Proportion as they afterwards appear when fully
grown. =
SOME
t
The Frur1t-GarvdEN Tuftrated. "
“9
SOME: Kinds of Fruits difcover their Embrio Shoots, and Fruits,
“within the Bud, vifible to the naked Eye, without the Help of a Micro-
{cope ; as the. Bud. of a Mulberty, flic thro’ from. the .Vertex..to. its
Bale, exhibits the Fruit with its next adjoining Leaves, which Nature
has carefully placed, not only to wrap up and preferve the tender Fruit
during the Winter's Cold, ro¥attract Nourifhment, and perfpire away the
Crudities of the Sap, but to expand themfelves in fuch Manner, fo as to
preferve the tender Sap-Veflels of the Fruits, duting their Growths, from
the drying Winds and {corching Rays of the Sun.
THE Growth of Branches are always proportionable to the Nature
of the Seafon in which they are produced. we Springs do always pro-
duce the longeft and largeft Shoots, becaufe their foft duétile Parts do
then continue longer in a moift tender State ; but in a dry Spring the
Fibres foon harden, and ftop the further Growth of the Shoot, their
Sap-Veflels being dried by their great Perfpiration, caufed by the extra-
ordinary Heat. The moft genial Heat for our Englifh Plants is from
17 to 30 Degrees ; which Heat generally happens in the Months of
May and Fune, when Plants in general ourifh moft.
A COLD Spring has a worle Effect on the tender Parts of Shoots,
than a cold Autumn ; for as the young Shoots of Plants have a greater
Proportion or Quaneiey-of-Salt_and Water in them at their Spring, than
“1 the Autumn, they are more liable to be injard-by»Gold.than in the
Autumn, when they are in a more advanced Age, and their Quantity
of Oil increafed proportionable to their Degree of Maturity : For the
great Work of ‘Nature, in bringing Fruits and Seeds to Maturity, is,
to combine together in a ‘due Proportion, the more active and noble
Principles of Sulphur and Air, thac conftirute Oil, which, in its moft
refined State, is never found without fome Degree of Earth and. Salt in
it. And the more perfect this Maturity is, the more firmly are thofe
Principles united. Vide Vegetable Staticks, p. 322.
FROM what has been deliver'd in refpeé to the Growth of Shoots
in a dry Spring, it appears, That if weak Trees are then oftentimes re-
frefhed with Waterings, fo as to keep their foft duétile Parts fupple, ‘twill
greatly add to their Growth. And on the contrary, the Growth of
luxuriant Trees, for want of fuch Moifture, are, by a dry Spring, retarded,
and thereby made fruitful, wae
t GHAP.
sant O, MAO NDA: Ore
C: Hed Pi io Mes?
Of the pe of Preparing Lands for Plantations y
»EruitT-TeeeEs.
Z : = = HE. bett Seafon for. preparing Lands, wherein we defign to
& make Plantations of Fruit-Trees; is Ofober,.or as foon after
~as the Moifture of the Ground will admit:
1F your Ses is, oo re is, when abode two. Feet j in Depth,
beft to trench it two Spits, and Te Crumb (as term’d by cone
in Depth, laying the Spit that is taken’ from the Bottom in Ridges, that
the Winter Rains and Frofts may mellow it; and exhale away the Cru-
dities thereof. But if your Land is fhallow, the beft Method is to dig
it one fingle Spit only, and that to be laid in ate! for the Ration
aforefaid, and. level’ a “aaa
*
ee =< are singh 5 att — sorEect] ps
IF your Land is not over freth or 1ich, would o vey ferviceable
to mix in the Working a good Coat of Horfe-dung well rotted, fuch as
old Cucumber and Melon Beds, ¢°c. but not. new Dung on any account,
it being perfect Poifon to the Roots Sha bac tplate=s acess
IN the “Tiencliite of Land, C Gare fhould-be as - iB Workmen
don’t leave Cores of undifturb’d Earth between the bottom Spits of each
Trench, as they are apt to do, when they work by the Grate, (nay,
whe by the Day) and that their Spits are’of a moderate Size ; for when
Lands ~are digged with large Spits, they cannot meliorate fo well, .as
when with moderately {mall ones, and confequently are then: lefs fit. for
cn free: Penetration of ‘thofe Roots ‘which . we dofite fhonld._.thrive
therein,
WHE N
;.
vo el
Vd
a BT ag sea ttle ta ida)! ent ia ll AEE len a ell ak” Oak Ti end ae ha
Gardening.
The’ FruiT-Ga RveEN> Iuftrated.
*
?
- WHEN by frenching the aforefaid Depth, a hacemeta raw, or fund
Bottom comes up, ‘tis belt toleave off, and go no. deeper.than the
‘Goodnefs of the Land will allow. Arid if at lat the whole Depth ap-
pears to be too fhallow, that is to fay,’ lefs then. 18 Inches in Depth, the
only Method i is to raife ic Wich the firft Spit of a green Sward, or Meadow,
which has not been broke!up: by Spade or Plough within the Knowledge
of Man, and where Cattle has ‘continually been fed.. But for, want of
fuch Virgin Earth, as Mr. Ewelyn calls. it, we ‘niuft itiake ule-afcthe very
heft and frefheft we can ger, and iil make the ‘a8 ‘Land. about
two Feet i in aoe: ; a aoa 08 az qa Pay
Bk ee | wbHAY do iS bb ae fae
WHEN Tad in etal ate < ety ‘unkind Rotini finches as {harp
dry Lands, fliff cold Clays, Gravel, Cc. then we muft, at. proper
_ Diftances, fink Holes of fix or eight Feet Square, and two Feet Depth,
if the Land is dry; but if cold, ’tis much the beft Way to raile a
Quantity of Earth, of the aforefaid Dimenfion, upon the Surface of the
natural Soil ; which Earth fhould be prepared in a Leftal, as directed
in the fife Seétion of the irae = of my New Principles of
AN > that-Frei ir Be “lead are = to fhoot
down Tap- Root fr ae{ where the Moifture being
crude and unprepared, fenders thei Fruits x inti and Greet luxurious ;
"tis much the belt Way,*3vhen owe plant our Trees, for not only to
prune away every Root that feems © tend downwards, but to pave the
‘Bottom with Tile-fheds, Brick-Bats, yc. alfo to prevent others, which
Nature may afterwards produce, from entering therein.
WHEN Lands are prepared fit for the Reception of Seeds, Plants,
Trees, Cc. they fhould continually be kept mellow, by frequent Dig-
gings, Houghings, Manures, Coc. OF otherwife our firft Labours will be
in vain: For fince that the Moifture which fupports the Roots of
‘Plants i in diy Seafons, is, in great Pare, attracted up by the kindly In-
fluence of the Sun ; “tis therefore abfolutely neceflary to keep the Surface
mellow, that the Heat may have a free Penetration ; And this is not
| | 3 eo : the
32
POMON A: Or,
the only Reafon, but by often Dreffings, as aforefaid, the Rains (when
they happen) have a free Entrance, and confequently ftore the Earth
with greater Quantities of Moifture, neceflary for the Support of Plants,
chan when the Surface being hard and refifts, the Moifture cannot enter,
but is immediately remanded back into the Atmofphere..
WET boggy Lands are beft drain’d dry by Trenches dug in prope
Places, to convey away the too much Moifture tov fome proper Place of
Reception ; and if {uch Trenches are filled at their Bottoms, about
one Foot high, with Pot-fherds, Pebbles, Brick-bats, do’. they will
always keep an open free Paflage for the Water ; and in want of them,
a Laying of Bufhes, or Faggots of Beech, Alder, Ozier, @c. will en-
dure many Years, and anfwer the fame End.
%
= ¥ !
PES Ae ae ee ee
;
.
The Fruirt-Garpven Iduftrated.
33
PAG AA Ree Mil
The Manner of raving Fruit-Trees m a Nurfery ;
their Grafiing, Lnoculating, and Manner of Tranf-
planting againft Walls, Efpaliers, &c.
@R]HE feveral Methods of saifing Fruit-Trees, are from Seeds,
feyi| Kernels, Layers, Cuttings, Grafting, and Inoculation.
THE feveral Kinds of Cherries, Apricots, Figs, Apples, Pears,
Peaches, Plumbs, Walnuts, Service, and Mulberries now in being,
were paehou: doubt originally taifed from their Seeds or Kernels ; ; but
: to. propagate them, is, either Cuttings, Pa
er aia SEES
pak cae or be RE x
THE feveral Kinds that may be propagated by Cuttings, are the
different Sorts of Grapes and Figs ; but ’tis much the beft way to encreafe
them by Layers.
WHEN we are to encreafe them by Cuttings, we fhould juft before
the Fall of the Leaf take off the Cuttings from the Mother-Plants ; and
having prun’d them to Lengths of about two Feet each, plant them in
an Eaft Border, well prepar'd by digging, dc. for their Reception, ob-
ferving to lay them in floping, fo as their loweft Parts don’t exceed a
Foot in Depth. They fhould not be nearer to each other than a Foot
at the leaft, for begs are both Plants that require a ee deal of Aix to
perfpire in. oT
sc : eet ter THE
34
POMON A: Or,
‘Root’ caily in ‘the Spring.
THE Vines muft be cut at a Bud, but the Figs muft not be topped,
and if their Ends are but four or five Inches out of Ground © ‘Us
fufficient.
IT will be very proper to lay a Coat of good rotten Horfe-dung be-
tween the Rows, which will not only keep the Earth warm thro out
the Winter, but moift in the Spring, when they are ftriking Root, and
advancing in their Growth.
AND if they are fuffer'd to remain there be the Space of two Years,
before they are planted out, ‘twill be much better, than to remove them
the firft Year after planting,
N. B. IF the Spring after the firft planting of the Cuttings proves
dry, “twill be very neceffary to keep them moift, by fort Wa-
terings, which will add <7 much to a ie Growth.
ah
Sie
BUT the belt Way of rail ing thefe Fruits, is by Layers, becaufe
that the “Mother-Plants are a conftant Support, during the whole Time
of their ftriking Root.
THE. beft Scafon for this Work is Oéfober, for then they have
the whole Winter to imbibe fufhicient Siees, ase for their ftriking
_
7
THE other Kinds of Fruits, viz. Cherries, Apricots, Peaches, Beate :
Plumbs, yc. being propagated by Grafting and Inoculating, we muft,
‘before we proceed thereto, confider of the beft Method of raifi ing the
beft Kinds of Stocks for thofe Ufes.
CHERRIES ate commonly budded or grafted on Chey Stocks,
Rokk are raifed from the Stones of the common Black Cherry.
APPLES are sated on Crab Socks: raifed from the Kernels of
the Crab, as alfo on Stocks raifed from the Kernels of Apples, of which
that called the Paradice, is the beft to graft on, to make Trees of
a {mall Growth, and produce Fruits in great plenty very early.
PEARS
The FrRurt-Garven IIloftrated.
35
| PEARS are grafted upon Pear Stocks, raifed from the Kernels of
the wild Hedge-Pear, and on Quince Stocks alfo, raifed from Cuttings
or Layers. Thofe Pears that are grafted on Pear Stocks, are beft for
light, mellow, warm Soils ; and thofe on Quince Stocks, for wet and
cold Lands, fome few Sorts of Pears excepted, that will thrive better on
Quinces then on Pear Stocks : ¢ contra.
PEARS may be grafted on a White Thorn, and Cherries on the
Laurel, but the Fruit is nothing the better, and Spee! 2 more. for
Cutiog ity than Ufe.
-— APRICO TS and Plumbs are both rais’d on Plumb Stocks, the firlt
by Inoculation, the latter by Grafting.
PEACHES and Netiarines are propagated by Inoculation, either
on Peach Stocks, Almond Stocks, Mufcle, White Pear-Plumb, and St.
Fulian Stocks. Thofe on Peach and Almond Stocks, are beft for hot
light Lands, and the Plumb Stocks for thofe that are more ftrong and
cold. But there are many Sorts of Peaches that are very difficult to
make take 0 on. 1 either uee or Plumb ao that. will very eafily on the
Apricot ; an | Ornrr o..the Cu rious, That all their
Trees, which they intend to be of the bef Kind of Peaches and Neéta-
rines, be firft made Apricot Trees by Inoculation, and afterwards budded
with the feveral oe of Eanes that they defie t to have plenty. of.
CHERRYI-S r ONE AY eae Kernels of Crabs and Pears, fhould
be laid thin and well dry’d d, when firkt clear’d of their Pulps;, and as
foon as the Moifture of the Winter. will permit, they fhould be fown in
Beds of well-prepar ‘d Mould, that i is in Nature moderately light and
moift ; being cover'd with. fine. Mould, about two Inches thick, and-a
good. Coa of rotten Dung over that, to preferve them from the Winter’s
Gals, during their Germination. |
YOU muft not forget to fet a fufficient Number of Traps for the
= each of Mice, which otherwife will deftroy the Kernels, and dif-
"appoint you of your Hopes : A And in March, when the Frofts are over,
: 2 and
26
POMONA: Or,
and the Spring coming on, take away the Dung, and give the Surface
a gentle Houghing over, that their tender Plumes may eafily rife thro’
the fame.
IF the Weather proves dry during the Months of March, April and
May, ‘twill be very proper to give them moderate Refrefhings of |
Water, being always kept clean from Weeds, which every one is ex-
pected to do, that is a Lover of Gardening.
WHEN the young Seedlings are arrived to the Magnitude of a
common Tobacco Pipe in their Stems, they fhould be tranfplanted out
of the Seed-Beds into a Nurfery, planting them at 18 Inches Diftance
from each other, in Lines three Feet afunder ; for then, by having a free
Ait always circulating about them, they will become Trees much
fooner than. when planted very clofe together, after the common
Manner ufed in Nurferies ; where, for want of a free drying circulating
Air, they cannot perfpire away the Crudities of their Sap, and confe- —
quently cannot thrive. =
WHEN the Stocks of our young Plantation are arrived to about
half an Inch Diameter in their Stems, they are fit for Grafting and
Inoculation. The firft Operation being to be perform’d in Lebruary
and March, and the other in Zune and Fuly. _ =
THE whole Care oF ae Works, is, fo take Cuttings of {uch
Fruits as we would propagate, ftom Branches that are in a healthy and
fruitful State, and not from fuch as are luxurious, which will not pro-
duce any Fruit under a very long time ; and thofe of one Year's Growth
are the beft.
“TIS abfolutely neceflary to take off Cuttings for Grafting a. full
Month before they are grafted, that, being fomething check’d, they may
greedily imbibe the Juices of the Stocks as {oon as grafted, and thereby _
confirm their Unions inftantly, which Grafts that are cut from a Tree
at the Inftant of Grafting cannot do, becaufe then they are as replete
with Moifture as the Stock ; and therefore inftead of ftrongly attracting
its Juices, inftantly perifh. | a
2 : BUT
f
. —— ee se eh
PENT eS asadg idee Rts ng “Re Bae SF Re LU i etek Te a Geren SR yaya eee
are mee ee Beg Pe eee TS ee
The Fruit-Garpen Lduftrated.
37
BUT tho’ I advife the taking of Cuttings from Trees one’ Month
before the Time of Grafting, yet it’ muft not be underftood that they
are to lie out of the Earth all thar Time, bue muft) be Jaid with their
great Ends, about three or four Inches in Length, in the Earth, well
clofed about theni, under a North Wall, until) you immediately ufe
them at the Time of Grafting
CHERRIES and Plumbs are the firft Fruits we begin our sneliial
with, which is generally about the Middle of February; Pears about the
Beginning ; and Apples the Middle or End of; March, when the Sap
is a little rarified by the Heat of the’ ‘Spring ; that isy:asfoon as the Bark
will rife freely from the Wood.
THERE are feveral Ways of Grafting BrniesTrees 5 fome . being
_ proper for Stocks: that . are {mall ; others. for thofe that /are: moderately
large ; and laftly, others for Trees that are very largely grown.
THE feveral Methods. of Grafting may be coleiatd to ehrée, Wi%e
ift, Whip or Splice Grafting, proper) for Stocks of. the {malleft Size ;
| aly, Stock LG iplcnad prope for Stacks of " middle Size ; me —
"ELE. neceffary Inftruments for thefe Works, are, a every vo
Knife that cuts very fmooth and clean for cutting the Cions ; a good
ftrong Pruning-Knife for to head the Stocks with ; a Saw to cut off fuch
Branches as are too large for. the Knife; a Grfing Chea for: opening
the Clefts in Stocks, whilft the Cions are placed : A good Quantity of
found Bafs-Matting, with well-prepar'd Loam, well mix’d. with, fhor
Horfe-dung ; and Wood-afhes, to work in their Hands when the Loam
is a little too moift or clammy.
BEING ae prepar'd, every thing i is in readinefs for Work 5 but
tis much the better Way to have a Boy or Man to loam after you, than
to loam your felf.
4 er L TREES
POMON A:-O,
. TREES that are intended for Standards,’ muft be headed ar about
five Feet high ; lialf Standards at. three Feet; and Wall-Trtees at fix or
eight laches above Ground. :
THE Manner of Splice Gtafting (called Whip-Grafing) is perform’ d
by making an oblique Section, or floping Cur like a Pen, in the
Cion, (as the Section c, Fig. I. Plate I.) with a Slit upwards from near
the Bottom ; then having cut a fmall Part out of ‘the Top of the Scock,
fit for the Reception of the Cion, as the inward. Section d, Fig. IV. with a
downright Slic therein}. a8 d ; place thereon the Cion ab, fo-as the Slit
of the Cion, being in-the Slit of the’Stock, the lower Patt of the Cron y;
Fig. II. may be exactly fmooth with the. lower Part.of the Cut in the
Stock at ¢,Fig. TV. And if it happens that the Breadth of the Stock is greater
than’ the Breadth: of the Cion, be fure that’ you place the Cion to one
Side‘of the Stock; fo as’ for theit Barks to lie “exactly fmooth and even
with each other ; for°then ‘theit ‘Sap-Veflels being placd dire@tly over
each other, they can the eafier unite together. If, when you have
plac’d your Cion in the Stock, he do not fit clofe together, you mutt,
with’ Bafs-Mat, ‘bind them dots fo that the ‘Wet or Air cannot get in
between, and difunite their Union: You muft alfo be careful to {ee
them well loamed ; that the Loam is well clofed at the Tops and Bot-
toms; that it is not put on too wet, which will caufe it to fall imme-
daly, = that ‘tis well 1 work di in all its = fo as to ad no Cracks
thi eink. on
_ WHEN you hea down a Stock for Grafting, you muft be ‘arena
to cut it: off at a Place aoe the Bark is perfeealy fmooth, and free
from Cankers, MoSs, Or.
‘TIS sbishaely oe that you cut your Cuttings or Cion again{t
a Bud, as at b, Fag. 1. and that you haye at leaft two others above it, for ‘tis
by the attractive Power of the Buds, that the Cions draw Nourifhmene
and ‘grow.
AND
1
Meera Se Ree Ee Si nie a RD, Seale ena a
The Frv1tGaAaRvEéNn» Muftrated.
39
AND. ‘tis alfo highly neceflary that juft.under the Graft, asat if, 4
Bud be left, to.attract Nourifhment for she nae of the Graf, and
perfpire away the Crudities thereof.
. IN May, when, the Cions are united, and have sched Shoots;
you muft releafe them of their ‘Bandage, ‘(the Bafswith which you bound
them) or otherwife they cannot dilate themfelves with Freedom, and’
confequently will not thrive fo well. You muft alfo at this time dif-
charge the Stocks of all cheir lateral Branches, which’ beled were fuffer'd
m0 grow, to draw up the. Bere 3 as. alors oft)
STOCE Grafting? or Cane i in fe Cle, Sil, uled for Aygles
is a as follows:
FIRST, kazing Aeseemnita your Pe to ste at, fee. joie Eckle
Foot againft the Stock, and with your Pruning-Knife “cut ic off floping,
(as vt, Fig. Wl. Plate 1.) ; then placing your Foot at h, againft the
Stock to keep it ftedfaft, fmooth down the Head of the Stock horizon-
tally, as the Line./ k,. fo. will: the Head of your Stock become level;
as. i lig. Ut. AM being, done, apply the pepe of your Pruning-Knife
Mallet, wae 7 Clee i ih, and fo is me ome ‘
Gion gm, Fig: ¥e:
ready to receive the
BUT this arith of fing down the sie, {moothing, and
cleaving them, fhoiild be done by another'Hand; that you may have
nothing ito do but cut’ che: Cions and fix sors in’ the Stocks 5 which
= as follows: ols et rataea Wot:
THE eae sie clef, you ent teclce cut otk Cioh in ie
Fog of a Wedge, as » m Fig. V.. which muft always. be cut’ from #
Bud, as at m, for the Reafons aforefaid ; and then with 4. Grafting-
Chizel open the Slit, and place the Cion therein, fo as that their Barks
may be exactly even and {mooth.
49
eP Or Mi OuUNe AR OF;
BUT if the Bottom of the Cut, Part of the Cion d, were cut ob-
liquely, as at o Fig. VI. they would be eafier and better, placed ; and.
then being loamed, as aforefaid, the Work is ‘done. 19
WHEN Stocks: are very large, fo as not to be cleft, they muft be
grafted in the Rind, an. old and common: Way, well known to moft
Countrymen, and:therefore {hall omit that: Defcription. ~
BESIDES all thefe feveral Ways of Grafting, there are many others
that are practis'd in. Hertford and Devonfbire, by the Propagators’ of
Cyder Fruits, which are not worth the Notice of the Curious, and there-
fore left. out. ‘qaaldieds.1 : ! |
THE Manner of In-arching, or Grafting by Approach, being chiefly
uled.on,Orange-Trees, I fhalb therefore omit ‘that, fince the Culture of
fuch Exoticks are intended for another Work. © at doo}
INOCULATION or Budding (and indeed Grafting alfo) is much
fooner learned, and better underftood) by feeing the Operations per-
form’d by a° skilful Nurferyman, than by Ten thoufand Words ; and
therefore:to offer any Diagrams of thar Kind would be necdlefs,
BUT however it mayn't be amifs if I fhould {peak.a Word or two
in relation to the proper Seafons, Choice of Cuttings, @'c,
THE Seafon for) inoculating Fruit-Trees, is, from the middle of
Fune.to about the middle of Fuly, whilft the Bark rifes freely from the
Wood ; and if the Weather is cloudy and wer, ’tis fo:much the better,
becaufe, that whilft the Operations are performing, the Sap, both of the
Bud and-Stock, -are-not prejudic’d by Heat : And therefore if the Seafon
happens to be dry; the only Times of the Day for this Work, is, very
early inva Morning, and late in an Evening,’ juft before the Sun is below
the Horizon. 9919.53. song. |
Amy
.
é
‘TIS as neceffary to be curious in the Choice of Cuttings from fruit-
ful Branches for Inoculation, as was before faid for Grafting 5 bur
Raid | thefe
PO Oe ee ee
:
4
a TT ee Ee ee a Ce a ee ee eee
‘Sign
The Fru1tT-Garven JMuftrated,
thefe for Inoculation fhould be ufed as foon as they are taken from the
Tree, or otherwife put in Water, and kept frefh till ufed.
ONE Bud in a Stock is enough to form a good Tree; but
tis much the better Way to put two Buds in each Stock, left one only
fhould fail.
IN the Choice of Cuttings, particular Care fhould be had to their
Buds, viz. That they are not Bloflom-Buds, which are known by
being double, and never produce Shoots, as we defire when we ino-
culate. And likewife that they are not Shoots that always liv’d in
the Shade, whofe Buds are immature for want of Perfpiration : but fuch
that are ftrong, not luxurious, that always poffefled a free circulating
Air, and of the fame Year's Growth.
WHEN three Weeks or a Month is paft, after Inoculation, you
fhould releafe them of their Bandage, that the Stock may have a free
Dilatation : And if your Buds have taken, they will appear very plump
and of their natural Colours, as when firft put in. If that Part of the
Leaf which is left to the Eye of the Bud drop off freely, ‘tis a good
if ic withers and fticks firm thereto, *tis
LIG).. avino Or acac
: s : el ee
that they are unite
a te Aly a I
IN February, after Inoculation, you muft furvey your Stocks, and
thofe that have their Buds perfe& muft be headed off, about three Inches
above them, that in March the whole Nourifhment of the Stock may
be fully applied to the Growth of the Bud, which the firft Year will
be very confiderable, and efpecially if all the lateral Shoots of the Stock
are difplac’d when they appear.
THE Matculine, Orange, and Roman Apricots, are the firft Fruits
that fhould be inoculated ; and after them, Cherries, Peaches, Plumbs,
Pears, doc. And it often happens, that if you take the Advantage of
the Beginning of the Seafon, you may, before the Seafon is gone, Re-
inoculate fuch that have miffed at your firft Inoculation.
M PEACH
41
42
POMONA: Or,
PEACH Stocks are generally large enough to graft the firft Year
after their Kernels are fet ; but Cherry Stocks, Plumb Stocks, ¢c. not
till the third Year, and ineiind not till the fourth.
THE next Spring after the Buds have made their Shoots, thofe
Parts of the Stocks which were left above the Buds, fhould be cut
away clofe to the Bud, and cover'd with a Salve made of Mutton-
fuet, Bees-wax, and Rofin, as I fhall dire in my Chapter on
Pruning the Branches of Fruit-Trees, to preferve the Stock from the
Injuries of Wet, which is oftentimes deftructive to them.
43
CHAP. Vit
Of ASPECTS and their Accivents.
Pager) | is very unreafonable to expec that two South, or Eaft,
BT EX coc. Walls, in the fame Latitude, planted with the fame Fruits,
Re, of the fame Age atid Goodnels, fhould produce Fruits equally
as good and early, when the Soil of the one is a moderate, light,
warm Loam, and the other a ftrong, cold Brick-Earth, or Clay.
THESE different. Natures and Qualities in Soils are feldom confider’d,
and therefore when good. Kinds of Bbick are Pee in bad Soils, of in
=: : ple
at: d) or elfe chs Judg-
‘ment of the Gardener is coederninet yn that he. may
happen to be one of the beft Sort, as Gardeners are now a-Days.
AND wher'it falls out'thara bad Soil aad 4 bad Gatdener happeri to —
meet together, which is the very Cafe of ten Gardens to one thro’out
England, then the Production muft confequently be very bad.
I HAVE known fome Eaft, and even North-Eaft Walls, whofe
Soils have been very kind, produce better and earlier Peaches and
Cherries, than fome South and South-Eaft Walls, whofe Soils have been
very wet and cold : Therefore when People have good Afpects and bad
Soils, ” ‘tis impoffible they can have any good Fruits : Hence it appears,
that to have good Fruits, we muft firlt confult our Soil, and if, upon
Examination, it appears to be incapable of the Productions we expect, —
why then our only Bufinefs is to help Nature in the beft Manner that
our Place and Conveniency will permit.
2 Sats fe ae enUs
44
THUS much for the different Natures of Soils; now I will proceed
to {peak fomething in relation to Afpects in general. 3
SINCE that Mr. Hales in his Vegetable Staticks, p. 127. has fhewn
the Probability of Rains and Dews being imbibed by Vegetables at their
Leaves, in which are many crude Particles, which, when confin’d, or
in two great a Quantity, are injurious to the Growth of Trees ; we
muft therefore confider of fuch Afpeéts, that will admit the Sun’s In-
fluence. to diffipate them before they become prejudicial. |
THESE Crudities are firft diffipated from the Eaft and South-Eaft
Walls, which laft declining about 20 Degrees, is the very beft Afpe
for moft Kinds of Fruits: Next to this is the South and South-Welt ; and
laft of all the Weft. And as the South-Weft and Wet Afpects retain
the Crudities of the Dew longer in the Day (which oftentimes chills the
Fruits) than the South-Eaft and South, fo. are their Fruits of a lower
Flavour, and later ripe. = |
THE Weft Afpect receives the Sun when ‘tis paft the Meridian, viz.
about one o Clock, (tho’ very obliquely) which being late in the Day,
thofe Crudities do therefore remain a long while before they are dif-
perfed ; and ‘tis therefore that the Fruits of a Welt Afpedt -are eightor
ten Days later in ripening, than thofe of the South-Eaft and South,
. DIRECT Eaft Walls have the Crudicies of the Dew foon diffj-
pated ; bur then they have but little of the Sun, for at eleven the
Rays become very oblique, and the Heat very little, and foon after none
at all. : | |
BUT a direct Eaft Wall is far preferable to a dire& Welt Wall,
becaufe the Heat of the Day comes gradually on it, and leaves it in its
Meridian of Heat ; but a Weft Wall is only favour’d in the Violence
of the Heat, by the Obliquity of the Sun’s Rays, as they firft fall
thereon, which caufe the Heat to be much more gradual, than if they
were to fall direét at their firft Onfet,
eet a
a ”
a
ee ae
~ *
® re ~~ ”
“+
- ia < r *. od Wiad
ee) ? -
«, de i le *
* tT}. * p> Ae Bin
¥ “3
The Fr UI T-G aR Bx w LDuftrated.
—
1D,
>. ail ; a. . . :
W HEN fudden Heat comes on Ffuits, it fhtinks their Sap-Veflels,
and confequently they cannot imbibe and receive {o great a Quantity of
Nourifhment. This is the Cafe of dire Weft Walls ;.and ‘tis therefore
that their Fruits are leffer in Magnitude than thofe of the South and
South-Eaft, which receive their Heat by Degrees,
“TIS obfervable that in England the hotteft Part of the Day in the
Summer Seafon, is about two or three in the Afternoon, when the Heat
is oftentimes fo “very great, as to exhale away more Moifture than is
neceflary ; and confequently at all fuch Times the Goodnels of Fruits
is greatly diminifh’d ; therefore when we have it in our Power to
make our own Choice, we fhould chule fuch an Alpe, whofe Situation
is fuch, that at that very hor Part of the Day, it fhould be difcharged
of that violent Heat. ;
NOW feeing that the hor Part of the Day generally happens when
the Sun is nearly South-Weft, it therefore follows, that at that timea
South-Eaft Wall, declining 20 Degrees, is nearly fhaded ; for as the
Rays are then very oblique, they have not fo great a Power on the
a more than ordinary Quantity of
Sap-Veflels, as to exhauft away
about 20 Degrees, 1s thé very beft of alle
.
AF
nope |
ae
—
THIS being judicionfly confider’d, ’tis very eafy to account for the
Reafons of a South-Eaft being better than a dire South Afpect : For
when the South-Eaft Afpeét is difcharged from the extreme Heat of the
Day, the direct South Afpeé is ftill expofed to it, whereby its Fruits are
oftentimes injur'd, by having their Sap-Veflels dried by the extraordinary
Heat thereof.
NORTH Afpeéts, in warm Summers, will produce good Plumbs,
and Duke Cherries, when thofe of the Eaft, South, and Weft Walls are
gone, and Morello Cherries alfo.
me
‘ os ee, AEB naa, at
s NORTH-We and South-Weft Walls are obferv'd to produce good
Apricots 5 and, if I may be allow’d to {peak my Opinion, much better |
than a South Wall, (tho’ not fo early) becaufe that the extraordinary
a , oe
Heat
=
- f a
oF,
POMONA: Or,
leffer Heat.
Heat of a South Wall canfes them to be mellow and meally as foon as
ripe, which they are found not to be when planted againft Afpects of
SOUTH Afpeéts are only liable to too much Heat in the latter Part
of the Day, as before obfervd.
EASTERN Afpects are only liable to the drying cold Eafterly
Winds, which being of a very dry exhaling Nature, do oftentimes
exhauft too great a Quantity of Moifture from the Blofloms of Fruits,
whereby they perifh.
THE Weft Walls being fully defended from the exhaling Nature of
thefe Winds, are therefore more fruitful ; but they are fully expofed to
the Weltern Winds that blow in the Autumn, which are rather more pre-
judicial to Standard than Wall Trees.
CHAP |
:
|
‘
AD) SNe hl? Sg Te Be a eR Nl ee ee nS oe ee ae Sg Cag Oi ae a ce a. A ce ae ee eee Tear te eee Bee cE en nay fen Tl) Neer mee eR See a a er ne nw oe eke uke ee eo
v ; «e Tee wn . e ee ;
es een | iene m 23 ? or ih Sc ae ee ee ;
Sd ATS Ax.
Of the Manner of Planting Forest-Trees, to
defend Plantations of Fruits from the Injuries of -
North, Eaft, and Weft Winds.
TOGOMIHE molt proper Kinds of Trees for this Purpofe, are the
Lime-Tree, the Englifb and Dutch Elms, Horfe-Chefnuts,
Abeles, Poplars, oc.
. THE firft Work to be done, is to prepare the Soil fit to plant in ;
a enti
mon Trenching’ is sing-pesform’d_asearly in the Winter as
the Seafon will permit, which is alfo che beft Time to plant in.
and if happens to be naturally a good frefh deep Loam, then a com-
& Cle
“BUT if your Land is poor, then you muft help it with frefh Earth,
Compolt, dc. and if perfectly barren, then you mutt fink Holes of ten
Feet Diameter, and two Feet Depth, taking away the barren Earth, and
make good again with frefh untried Earth, Compolt, oc. as recom-
mended in the firft Chapter hereof. 55
SOMETIMES it happens that the firft Spit is very good, and the
next good for nothing, which is much better than when the whole is
bad, becaufe then the lefler Addition of frefh Earth, dc, will fuffice.
BEFORE you plant your Trees, place the Turf at the Bottom of
the Hole, being chopp’d very {mall ; then raifing a fmall Hill of fine ’
fe(h Earth where the Tree is to be plac’d, bed the Roots therein, and
carefully fill in and clofe them well about all cheir Parts, that there be no
1 | hollow
es . :
¢ % x
a . *
ih — a
ee pe .
‘ “
4 Pe ye 4 ‘ ‘
. 3 - *y
ee . ‘
, ’ AS. “ie % *
- ye * pee oe hie.
B a: oh i * 2 a
rs
48
‘PO M 0 N*A rer; 3 i
hollow Places left, ‘whee the Banka cannot uk ibeut their Roots, which |
oftentimes is the Death of many fine Trees.
THE Method of Planting Trees in Pap, much practisd by that
great Encourager of Planting and Gardening, the Honourable ames
Fobnfon of Tavickenbam, is a very fure Way for the well mixing of
Earth about every {mall Fibre, whereby the Roots are enabled to imbibe
Moifture with great Force.
WHEN Lands are wet and cold, plant fhallow, and in the Spring ;
but if hot and dry, or moderately moift,’a moderate Depth, and as
foon in the Winter as the Moifture of the Seafon will permit.
THE Diftance that thefe Plantations of Defence fhould be from the
Walls or Bounds of your Fruit Plantation, fhould be about 50 or 60 Feet,
or more if your Land will permit,
THEIR Diftiinces in the Rows may be 10, 12, 15, 20, re. Feet,
for as I have already proved that the clofer together Trees are planted,
the more they afpire in Height, do’c. therefore the nearer they are planted,
the fooner they will become ufeful.
BUT it will be convenient that between every Row there be
left a {ufficient Diftance, that their lower Branches may enjoy a free
drying Ait, or otherwife they will become faturate with Sap, for want
of free Perfpiration, and thereby perifh. Forty or fifty Feet between each
Line is fufficient for Engl/b Elms, Lime Trees, Horfe Chefnuts, ¢o°e;
but for Abele, Poplars, Withy, 5%. 60 or 70 Feet, which laft fhould
never be planted but in very wet and cold Land, where the others will
not thrive.
IF by the Situation of Hills, Clefts, oc. any Part of your Garden
is more than ordinary expos‘d to violent Winds, the beft Way to guard
- them, is to plant Clumps or Platoons of fuch Foreft-Trees that
are moft natural to the Soil, at proper Diftances, fo as to deftroy the
Vise ae before it reaches our Fruit-Garden,
THE
ie
ans x.
tg .
bad : 72 “agi”
: ; a s,
ue 4
Minit F TZ
sere Fe,
a> TS
om
= Bin ee ae
- ry : a $. ~ +
: a ae
The Frort-Ganpen. duftrated.
49
*
~ > = ¥
« vw * . 2
¥ * x ™ = ae. a rs o
*.
THE Advice given by the quot er the Retir’d Gardener, for
Pruning off the lateral eis hes of the fi-dds of Foreft-Trees,at their Time’
of Planting, to Pyramidical Shapes, is entirely wrong ; forthofe Arms fo
cut off, are ever after as fo many Conduits or Pipes, imbibing or cons
veying Rains into the Trunks, which very often caufe their Death.
AND (as he very juftly obferves) ’tis alfo very prejudicial to Head |
thofe Trees ; therefore if we hope for Succefs in thefe Plantations, pre-
ferve the Roots in as great a Quantity as poffible, mix and clofe the
Earth well about them; cut clofe all Side Branches, and carefull prelerye
their Heads. }
WHEN your Trees are ‘planted, be careful of fecuring them with
Stakes, from the Infults of Wind and Cattle, and cover the Surface of
the Ground three or four Inches thick, for about two or three Feet about
their Stems, with long Horfe-dung, Fern, ¢’c. to preferve their Roots
from the Injuries of Cold in the Winter, and Heat in the Summer :
And if thefe Coverings were cover’d with Earth about three or four
Inches thick, - ‘twould add very much to the Prefervation of the
Trees.
"H angof Bal ut the ry new- planted Tree,
being 5 ep to every Gardener sed fay nothing thereof ; but if the
March and April, after planting, fhould be very — T Keone recom-
mend to his Care, that they be well water’d, at leaft once a Week, to
fupply the Expence of Perfpiration, at that time when their tender Fibres
are feeking out for PROD Nourifhment.
G2 CH ss
50
POMONA: Or,
GBA Ps
Of the Velocity wherewith Nourifhment enters the Roots
of Fruit-Trees; and the Reafons and Manner
nes Pruning their Roots and Heads at the Tt 1me of
~ Tranfplanting.
GareiHE Reafon that Gardeners give for reducing the Heads of
fai ‘Irces at the Time of Planting, is very juft; for they fay, if
they are not reduced, their Roots cannot fupport them, be-
caufe that in taking them up many are cut and broke off, and hereby:
being lefs in Quantity, are lefs able to imbibe Nourifhment for their
Support, and confequently fhould be proportionably reduc’d.
OF this likewife all our famous Authors on Gardening, from the
Time of Adam to this prefent ‘Moment, take Notice, and fay, that
for the aforefaid Reafon, the Heads of Trees muft be’ reduced at their
Planting ; but not one of them as yet has ever attempted to lay down
a reafonable Rule for the Performance thereof, or can any do more than
fay it muft be fo. But fince Demonftration is undeniable and felf-evident,
I fhall here communicate two Experiments which I made this Summer,
that will demonftrate the Truth thereof, and lead the Curious in Planting
into a reafonable and demonftrable Method of Pruning.
EXPERIMENT |.
= MADE Choice of a Roman Nectarine Tree, that was in a thriving
sas, whole Leaves were a equal, which I number’ d, and found
= 2 them
The Frouirt-Garven I[dpfirated.
51
them to be 612: Then on a Piece of Paper I drew parallel Lines,
at + of an Inch Diftance from each other, as the Lines aa, dc. Fig. VI.
Plate 1. and alfo others at the fame parallel Diftance, at Right Angles
to the former, as bb, @c. conftituting little Geometrical Squares, each
containing ;2 Part of an Inch.
THIS being done, I laid one of the Leaves thereon, and with a
Black Lead Pencil traced about the Edges of the Leaf, and then numbering
the little Squares within that traced Line, I found their Number to be
116, which being divided by 16, gives {quare Inches 7 }.
16)116(7 4
, $4922
4 remains, equal to 7, or 4.
N. B. WHEN the Leaves of a Plant are of different Magnitudes,
awbich generally happens, they muft be feparated into as many
different Parcels ; and then meafuring the Surface of one im each
Parcel, and knowing the Number of Leaves therein, may proceed
as hes
oF 144 .. wi Mrouble Conn the Le > (bec
fpiration is perform’d as well by the under, as rhe t upper Part of the
Leaf) and the Product will be the Area of all the Leaves.
612
tn 4
bas gh Inches, the Area of the Leaves.
HAVING thus obtain’d the Surface of the Leaves, whereat. their
Moifture is perfpired away, I then proceeded to find the Surface of their
Roots, where they imbibed and received it. For whatever ae the
| ce
52
POMOWN?*A: Or,
Surface of the Roots of every Plant naturally bears cto the Surface of
their Leaves, fo are their imbibing and perfpiting Powers proportionable ;
and according to thofe Proportions muft the Heads of Plants be reducd,
when tran{y planted.
I DUG up the Neétarine Tree carefully, and prefervd all its Roots,
(the very Fibres excepted) : It had five main Roots, extending them-
felves nearly horizontally, about three or four Feet: from the -Scem,
with many lateral Roots of different Lengths : The Girts. of each
of the main Roots, at the Body of the Tree, were three Inches, and
the Length of each being three Feet ; therefore multiplying 36 Inches,
which is equal to three Feet, by.1 2, the half Girt at the Stem, it being
conical, the Product willbe the Surface of one main Root.
Produ&. .. ~ - a. Dee foteare Inches, | ‘
Which: multiply a again, by. ge the Number of main Roots 5
Podge se 170 Ke ee the oe E five
main Roots. Each’ main Root “had (one with the other) 430 lateral
Roots, whofe mean Girt, at the main Root, was half an Inch, (the
large ones next the Stem or Body of the Tree being a full Inch, and
thofe at the. extreme Part of the main Roots, 3 of an Inch, whofe half
is half an Inch, the mean Girt. thro” out). The Length of the largeft
and longeft 7 thefe lateral Roots was each about nine Inches ; and of
the fmalleft and fhorteft, about three Inches ; therefore hick mean
Length is fix Inches. Now 430, the Number of lateral Roots on one
main Root, being multiplied by 6 Inches, their mean Length, the Pro-
duct will be their whole nc — oO cae 2 4495
TE we divide the Area oft the sediue by the Area of the Rog the
Quotient will difcover their Analogy to each other.
3495)8874(2 Hi
6990
1884 remains, equal to 4444, which
being reduc d.to its loweft Denomination sli is fomething more than 4.
bs NOW
SF
‘POM ON.-A: vOr;
NOW fince that the Surfaces of the Roots,:whereat the Nourifhment
is imbibed, are full 2 lefs than the Surfaces of the Leaves, .where.-the
Perfpiration is petformed ; it therefore. follows, that! the! Velocity::with
which Moifture enters the Roots, muft be 3 greater than that of Per-
{piration. Bat .
HENCE it is that the Roots of Plants, whofe upper Parts are of :
great Growths, fhould be preferv’d in as great an Abundance as pofible ;
and we are hereby taught the Reafon of reducing the Heads of Plants at
the Time of Planting. | sees ee —
FOR fince that the Head of this Tree in its natural Growth, when
its Roots were all perfect and fixd in the Earth, did then make fuch a
Demand of Moifture for its common Support, that caufed the Velocity
in the Roots to be } greater than in the Leaves; we may from thence
concludes That the reducing ‘its Head at the ‘Time of Planting wasiabfo-
lutely neceffary. == | |
W fic rho0s Sos” 2008 aise: svt od) 10 sspA sens bbs aid Tr
IN this very Point of Planting-many People ‘are’ much out, becaute
that reducing the Heads of Trees at firft Planting, caufes them to have
a lefler Appearance than they defire, and therefore will not fuffer them
to be reduced proportionable to their Roots ; fo that they “eithér ‘remain
in a decaying languifhing State, ot inftantly dic; for their Roots being
much reduced by removing, they cannot imbibe Moifture fufficient for the
Support of their. Heads, which are then in too great a Quantity. Therefore
“tis always to be remembred, at the Time of Pruning and Planting,
that the greater Proportion the Area of the Roots bears to that of their
Leaves, fo much the more they will be enabled to imbibe: Nourifhment
for the Support of the Plant, which confequently will thereby be rhioire
vigorous in its Growth, and better able to endure dry Seafons, Cc,
NOW, in Confideration that this Experiment has proved, that the
Sap, which is the Life of Vegetables, (as Blood is of Animals) mutt
pals much fwifter thro’ the Surface of thé Roots than Leaves, it therefore
‘Olows, ‘that ‘tis very reafonable, when Treés of any Kind: are’ taken
out of Nurferies, ec. for tranfplanting, their Roots fhould be preferv'd
at as great a Quantity as is poffiblé, that Nature may have the greateft
aoe Liberty
The FrRu1T-GarRveEN IIluftrated.
55
Liberty of imbibing Moifture fufficient: for the Support of che then’ re-
duced Plant... The Confideration hereof I recommend to the fetious
Confideration of myBrother-Gardeners,and indeed to all others concertied
in the. Planting of Fruit and Foreft-Trees, which are very often loft for
want of Judgment herein.
THE great Want of this Difcovery has caufed ‘the Death of many
Thoufand valuable Plants, ‘that have died -by being -unskilfully: pruned
at their Time of Planting, .For Gardeners have but one Rule ot Me-
thod for pruning the Roots of all Kinds of Plants, and even tharthey can
give no manner of Reafon for: For was’any, one of them. to be ask’d
fuch a Queftion,. their Anfwer would be, “ Why I know it to be fo, my
“ Father or Mafter did always ule to prune in, this Manner, | sand their
“ Trees feldom died, and I my felf have practis'd the fame, as taught by
“ them, with good Succefs ; I know it by Experience, which is the beft
| Mafter:” And foon, without confidering the gréat Demand of Noutifh-
ment that Nature makes in one Kind of Vegetable more than another,
according to their different Growths, which caufe.as; great a Difference in
the Manner of pruning their Roots... ... iq
swiS, for Example... aif vty:
em eR NET ee
LT is obferv’d, that the Cabbage (whic Pia Vegdebleoker cack
Growth above Ground) draws its Sap.with a very great Force, (its
Roots being naturally but few, when compar'd with Vegetables, whofe
Roots are much more, as Dutch Box, and Growth much flower) : So
that from hence it appears, That Plants of a quick Growth and ftrong
imbibing Nature, fhould have as much Root allow’d them, at Planting,
: pape 4 — A fx0% Ks th Se £4 Pugh fi
yt) > (RS 22a See Se
as poffible.
a BX P ERA ME NG tog? @
~~ . MADE a fecond Experiment in the like mannet‘on a Batterfea
Cabbage, that was about half grown, and found that the Surface of ‘its
Leaves exceeded the Surface of the Roots near twelve times 5 fo that the
Roots did imbibe Moifture with near twelve times the Velocity that the
Leaves perfpir'd it away. And were that Cabbage-Plant to have been planted
again, the Leaves of the Head muft have béen proportionably reduc’d,
as
£6
PO M:O N.AcoG,
.
as 12 is to 1, of rather as 15 to.1, becaufe that there isa continuabDe- ©
mand of Nourifhment by the Head, during all the Time. that Nature
_ is preparing its new Fibrous Roots, to ftrike frefh again into the Earth.
WE may obferve from this Experiment of the Cabbage, ‘that as
their Growth is naturally very quick and great, and Roots {mall in
Proportion to their Heads, (whereby their Nourifhment is imbibed with
great Velocity) the Soil wherein they are planted f{hould ‘be very rich
and full ‘of Moifture ; for otherwife their very great imbibing Force
would foon exhauft it dry, and thereby perifh. And ‘tis always feen,
that where-ever Cabbages, -Colliflowers, Savoys, @’c. are planted,
they impoverifh the Ground very much, altho’ perhaps ‘twas in good
Heart atotheir firft planting ; and the like of all thas Plants in abe oh
to their more or lefs Quantity: of Roots. an ta
WE fhould alfo obferve’ the various 6: Diftiibutions of the Roots of
Plants 3 for thereby we ate in part directed how to adapt them to “their
proper Soils : “Thus Nature informs us, that’ the Flax, Arbutus, Enghi/p
Oak, and many other Plants that naturally produce Downright or Tap-
Roots, delight in very deep-holding Lands ; and others, as the Ath,
Elm, Lime, @c. whofe Roots run nearly horizontally within two and
three Feet Depth, love Land ¢ chac is rick and | thallow.
_ THE different ‘Velocities of im bing ‘and Gaia: Nourifhment
Being ‘accounted for, “tis very “ealy t to conceive the Reafons of pruning
the Heads of Fruit-Trees at the Time of Planting, and that the more
they are reduc’, the better it is ‘for them.
AND, as it has been obferv'd before that Plants perfpire whilft they
are ftriking Root, ‘tis therefore that Moifture is abfolutely neceflary-ac...
Planting, to fuppore them until they are enabled to attract Nourifhment
shertifelves which Moifture ought to be no more than is agreeable to
the Nature = the Plants ; for I haye feen many Trees kill’d (and par-
3 ticularly Ever-greens) by: having too great a Quantity: of Moifture : 3 there-
es mage
“ay
re ted and cold Lands beware of - ae satan
2 eS aS eer See
The FRu1tT-GarvDeEN Jiuftrated.
57
THE Seafons for Planting Fruit-Trees, are, Oéfober and February ;
the firft in Lands that are moderately light and warm, the laft in Lands
that are cold and wet:
TREES planted in light warm Soils, in Ofober, or fooner if the
Seafon permits, will {trike Root before the Winter comes on, and vi-
goroufly fhoot in the Spring : But if Trees are planted at that Seafon in
very wet and cold Lands, the too much Moifture will rot their Roots,
or at leaft chill them fo very much that they very feldom recover it.
ALL new planted Trees, of both Seafons of Planting, fhould be
kept waterd in March and April, when thofe Months prove dry, or
otherwife they feldom make good Shoots the firft Year, *Tis abfolutely
neceflary to cover the Surface of the Earth, at leaft one Foot about the
Stems of the Trees, with well rotted Horfe-dung, plac’d in the Form of
a Cup, the better to receive the Water when any is given ; which Dung
not only preferves the Moifture from being fuddenly exhaled away, but
communicates a Nourifhment at watering alfo.
)
_.WHEN jou plant Wall Trees, place their Roots about nine Inches
or 2 Foot from the Watts“wielewehei ds.swithin.an.tInch. the eof : For
when their Roots are planted clofe to the Wall, as is commonl
the Ignorant, their Bodies burft out from the fame as they increafe in -
Magnitude, and thereby cannot be kept in a handfome clofe Order.
THE Heads of Wall-Trees at Planting fhould be reduc’d to the firft
four Side Buds, above the Graft or Place of Inoculation, becaufe that
from four Shoots we may form a good Tree.
ALL forward Buds fhould be ilplced as foon_as they begin to
hoot, that thofe which lie parallel to the Wall, may receive the full
Benefit of the Nourifhment. ’ % ae ae
IF the firft Shoots appear to be very ftrong and luxurious, when
they have form’d four Buds, nip off their Ends, which will oblige Nature
to force out a Branch at every Bud, and fo by diftributing the Sap of
each Branch in four {mall ones, they will become fruitful, and not luxu-
3 | Q rious,
POMONA: Or,
rious, as they would have been, had the Sap been wholly imployed in
one Shoot only.
BEHIND the Place of Inoculation, or of Grafting in every Wall
Tree, there is a {mall Part of the Stock which is generally dead, which
at Planting muft be cut clofe to the Shoot, and placed next to the Wall ;
For when they are placeed outwards, as fometimes is done by unskilful
Planters, they imbibe Wet, which oftentimes rots the Body of the Stock
in a fhort Time. _ |
‘TIS abfolutely neceflary and very advantageous to cover the Wounds
of Trees, when cut, with a Salve that will pteferve them from the In-
juries of Wet and Cold. The Compofition is as follows ; Take half a
Pound of Rofin, a quarter of a Pound of Bees-wax, the fame Quantity
of Pitch, and two Ounces of Mutton-fuet ; mele them together, and
when moderately cool’d, fo as to be liquid, drefs the Wounds with a
Feather, Brufh, @’c. and no Wer or Cold can penetrate or injure them.
ALL Wall Trees that are budded or grafted very low, fhould have
their Grafts, when planted, about two or three Inches above Ground ;
but do not on this Account plant their Roots over deep, for the Reafons
before deliver'd.
. r
preparing
STANDARD-Trees are planted as Wall-Trees and Dwarfs ; and
a ‘much better to cut “in: their Heads’ very clofe, than to plant. chem
‘ ~verylarge. If swe are'careful to prune at under Buds, as directed for
Dwarfs, and rub away all other inward Buds, we. age form song hand-
fome Heads i in the firft a; i
ooTHE: darger Seandard-Tres are, fo that:they are = rooted, the
| bier, and will produce Fruits: fooner; ‘and in greater seni than
fuch
ERE “K
60
POMON A: @,
fuch {mall Trees, which are ufually planted, provided that they are fe-
cured from the Injuries of Cattle, Winds, de.
THE Diftance of Fruit-Trees from one another, is a very material
Point to be confider’d in Planting ; for if we plant too near, we foon
exhanft our Soil, and deftroy our Trees, for want of Air for Perfpi-
ration ; and if we plant too thin, we fuffer a Lofs by having lefs than
we eS se but of the two Evils the laft is the beft.
PEAR-Trees require much Room to extend themfelves, and fome
Kinds more than others, as the Summer Bon-cretien, and many other
Kinds, which when I come to their Defcription I fhall take Notice of ;
but in general we may affign 30.Feet for their Diftance. And if between
every two Trees we plant two others of different Kinds, as a Plumb
and a Cherry, or a Peach and an Apricot, to be cut away as the Growth
of the Pears require, we fhall have no Lofs in the Walling, during the
Time of theit Growth.
» Or,
being then wholly employ’d in preparing and perfecting their internal
Parts, vz. their Kernels, Stones, @c. with proper Veflels fit for the Re-
ception of future Nourifhment, in fuch Quantity, and with fuch Force,
as to ftrongly feed and dilate their exterior Coats or Pulps, until fully
grown.
NOW whilft this great Operation of Nature is performing, ‘tis
- always feen that great Quantity of Fruit drops, altho’ largely grown.
Of this all our late Authors on Gardening take Notice, and therefore
advife, that the thinning of Fruits be omitted, until ic appears that this
great Fall is over ; ‘but not one of them has yer attempted to deliver
Rules for their Prefervation.
THE meaneft Capacity living may very eafily believe, that if all
the Fruits on a Tree were in perfect Health, it would be impoffible for
them to fall in a fhrivel’d decay’d Condition, as they are obferv’d to
do ; and therefore ‘tis evident, that their Fall is caufed by fome Decay or
Weaknefs of Nature ; which laft of the two feems the moft probable.
FOR fince that Nature requires Moifture, for daily Perfpirations,
as well as to hatte biehaia the watery fupple Subftances of the Kernels,
Stones, <%c. ‘tis very eafy to conceive, that if very dty Weather
exhales away that Moifture which is neceflary for thofe Formati-
ons, the ee ssi be Zain and. confequently 2 Fruits muft
perifh.
THE firft Idea of this wonderful Work of Nature, was communicated
to me by the Honourable Mr. Bruce, who at the fame Time in-
form’d me of feyeral Experiments which he had made for their Prefer-
vation, and found that the moft fuccefsful one, was, To preferve them .
from the very hot Sun, from ten in the Morning until two or three in
the Afternoon ; which he did with the fame Coverings of Sail-Cloth,
that were led i in the Spring, to preferve their Blofloms from Frofts, ¢o’c. _
This I have alfo experienc’d with great Succefs, and do therefore recom-
mend it to the Practice of the Diligent and Curious ; for tho’ the La-
bour i is a ag the oe ee is valtly great.
=
N. B. “71S
eo, a eae dh CCC Cee t— = ao
<.*
The Fruit-Garpen Jdnftrated.
79
N. B. "JIS very ferviceable to give the Trees a gentle Rofre/bing
of Water, at the Time you begin to fereen them from the Sun,
which they will freely imbibe, and very much ftrengthens Nature in
her Produftions.
ABOUT the 20th of Fume this Work is over, and as then the
Fruits are beginning to fwell away for ripening, we fhould now thin
them for good, taking away the leaft. promifing ones, and Saag
the beft.
THE Mafculine Apricot fhonld be feft“at’ or ‘about the Diftances
that BC, Fig. IV. Plate XV. are, which is two Inches and a quarter ;
but the Turkey Apricots muft have a larger Diftance, as being a larger
Fruit, and therefore we muft allow them three Inches, as the Diftance’ A B;
and the Roman Apricot, whofe Magnitude is a Mean between the
two other Extremes, fhould be left at about two Inches and three
quarters. |
_ AND as foci differ i in 1 their Biagnitades and therefore tequire
more or 1é"RoonrforPerfpiration ;_ fo do Peaches likewife : the {mall
Kinds may be lef at two we pens thofe of a muddling Growth
at four Inches; and our very beft and largeft not nearer than fix
Inches.
SOME Kind of Pears, as the fags Summer Bergamot,
gore. are very apt to produce theit Fruits in\Clufters; but they
are much the beft when each Clufter is teduced to two Pears
only, excepting when the Clufters are very thinly diftributed on
the Tree ; and at fuch Times they may be left in greater Number,
as three, four, dc. according to their Diftance, and Strength of the
Tree.
BUT where there is a fall ae "tis belt to leave them fingle, ot
double at moft.
re eet gh ie Be Pepi aes Fy ae ae
.
THE Filferincliain or Foderingham Plumb, (Fig. VI. Plate XX.) alfo |
—
ie
called the Sheen Plunb, in refpect to its being a favourite Plumb sto
: ae tee pe DR sbi A: ia Se y ss hath |
Sic William Temple, who lw'd at Sheen neat Réchmon ses} Surry ee |
its Pulp very firm and crifp, full of an excellent rich”Juice, and comes —
from the Stone... Next the Sun tis a dark but a pleafant Red, a lictle
«YTS Skin is Something “bard, when Seafons are’ Wet and’Cold ; and
at fach Times “tis very apt to opef at its Bloffom-End, ets :
Tis an excellent Fruit againft a South-Eaft Wall, bur very ca —
palier : Ripe 4 1727. South-Ealt Wall.
when a Standard or Efpalier + Ripe July v4, 1727 es a -
2a = ~
S . * ¢ . Sor
; _ " ne Mott fa Lae
Ss Z : ef ae eed Tt ax &
We: ay igh y aon me Soe ’
* ” fais 2 3 >. a“
& . Pe "te #
92 : POMON A: Qr,
ee ~ - ~ eae
a | *,
( j= SBHE Imperial, (Fig. v. Plate XX.) or Red Bonum Mechiie is a
| beautiful but fomething coarfe Plumb, when eaten raw ; and therefore
‘tis oftner ufed for Baking, Reclervinw @c. and is then much
efteem’d, by the Curious: Ripe Fuly 15. North-Weft Wall.
THE Violet Plumb (Fig. Vil.) an old but valuable Plumb, either
| for the Table or Tarts: The Pulp is of a greenifh Yellow, cover'd
with a deep blue Skin, with a moft pleafant Violet Flew ; ‘tis a great
Bearer, and worth the Notice of the moft Curious : Ripe Fuly 15,1727.
Weft Wall. :
' | THE Royal (or Sit Charles Worfley’s) Plumb, Fig. VIN. Plate XX.)
fo called in. refpeét to its very rich fugar’d juicy Pulp, which cleaves
‘One, and is cover'd with a light Red about the Bloflom-End,
\ with faint red Specks from the fame, ending i in a yellowifh Green: *Tis
beft inywarm moift Lands, being fubje& to rot upon the Tree before
ripe in wet eee andlofes very much of its fine, rich, acid.
Flavour, "Tis a tet, and may be july p plac’d - the fir —
‘Rank of Plumbs is Fly Aes 17 29: Southebat Wall oe
| THE Blue or Vi solet Pordrigon, (Fig. IV. Plate XXII. is an exe
cellent Plumb ; its Pulp richly fugar'd, and cover’d with a fine Violet
Flew, fomething yellowifh. within > Tis: a good ee and one of the |
o beft in Easlend:: —_ Fea esY Welt Wall.
i ae 7
2 = xs Si Perdrigon
) ig. 23 Plate XXL) ) i isa Mie Plumb, 7
eddifh Spots, cover’d with a "white Flew : Its
oy . very fweet, with a pleafant Acidity attending
) comes es from the Stone, but the Skin is often Seating bitterith.
Tis a. god iucee — Auguft 3 Welt Wall. :
| “THE Mask, Perdrigen (Bie. ig. a Plate XXII) is an excellent 7
| ie Plumb ; its Pulp comes from the Stone,” very firm, full of a rich
) d Juice, Cover'd wehanel aencth b ck Skin, and pee = sue Flew : :
| 20, ee ata :
$2, a8
Sow
, ~ THE
. res
- # se . « ;
=
ee eer
f
f
The Frtir-Garbden Tduftrated.
ee
THE Cerney Perdrigon, (Fig. 1. Plate XXII.) is a moft beautiful
Fruit, coverd with a Crimfon Red, and faint Pearl-colour’d Flew ;
and when well ripen’d, “its Juices are very agreeable, which otherwife
are fomething harfh and acid : Ripe Fuly 20, Welk Wall.
THE Chefton Plumb, Fig. 11. Plate XXIL,) is a moft delicious rich
| Fruit, and therefore deferves.a South-Eaft Wall’; its Colour is a deep
Indigo, coverd with a fine Violet Flew : *Tisa 063 Bearer, and chere-
fore no Gentleman that ee iA in thefe Fruits fhould be without i it :
Ripe Fuly 15. Weft Wall... hte o — = ee 23
THE Maitre Claude, Wai vi. Plate XXII.) is another €xcellent
| Plumb, full of a fine rich Juice, and a firm Pulp, which comes from
the Stone, and cover’d with a beautiful Mixture of Red and Yellow : :
Pe Fuly 23. South-Eaft Wall. |
Riki
THE Reine Claudia, -ot Dueen Claude, (Fig. VIII. Plate XXtIL) is
an paceliett Plumb, yeilbee next oie Sun ae 3 HPC and coverd with a
7 — 2 » very. wl rs
Gort Ks Sone and is very full oF an™ TIt-T¥ re Tich Juice. _
‘ { > Fr chet ef Winn re . oe ae! id
Bearer : Ripe Auguf 8. Wen Wall.” —
THE White Mirable, am Vi. Plate )
‘colour’d Plumb, and a great ‘Bearer ; its Pulp cor
and is vaftly rich, with a fine delicious fugar'd Juice. “The Fruits are
very richly fugard, even when produc’d on Standards, or Durartt bur
much finer againft an Eaft or re Wall ‘aie July 1, 1727.
froma StandatG.:/ - 29" ‘ite *****
PTHE White Matchlefs, (Fig. e Plate joy, 3 is a bail Psi a
of alight yellow Colour, cover °d with a white Flew. © When this
Fruit is well ripen’d, ‘tis an excellent Plumb, but if eaten befor e |
the Pulp is fomething harfh and acids ‘tis a tolefable good 1 Bearer ;
Ripe July 24, 1727. Weft Wall.
se goo ie 3
te et tom Pon? Swit ZF I ote
= on " , ss
B b “ =? fe 2a03! Ot F sc THE
ae : Z
« Bhs
es Fo =
_ THE Black Damofine, (Fig. II. Plate XXIV.) is a very pleafant
_acid Plumb, upon its Ripening, but afterwards more fugar'd ; its Pulp
comes from the Stone, of a greenifh Yellow within, very deep or rather
+e
a blackifh Blue, cover'd with a fine Violet Flew,; ‘tis a very good -
Bearer : Ripe Fuly 25, 1727. Eaft Wall.
THE Queen Mother, (Fig. HI. Plate XXIV.) is an excellent Fruit,
~ when fully ripen’d ‘fo as to be a little thrivel’d on the Tree; its rich Pulp
is yellow within, comes from the Stone, which is very {mall in Propor-
tion to the Whole; next the Sun is a dark Red, which lofes its felf with
a few red Spots, in a dark Yellow : ’Tis a very good Bearer, but in
fome wet Soils, ‘tis: very fubject to be Maggot-eaten within-fide : Ripe
Auguf, 42, 1727. South, Wall... ©. 5 2,
i eee _
PRE “Green Gage, (Fig. I V. Plate XX] K.) is another of the sag
:
| beft Plumbs ; its Pulp is green, richly fugar’d, and comes from the
| Stone ; ‘tis cover'd witha greenifh yellow Skin, which, when ripe, hath
: a ligele Blufh of red Spots next the Sun, with a very pale Flew, This,
like the Queen Mother, is very fubje& to Worms or Maggots in. wet
Seafons : “Tis a great Bearer when, well pruned, and is an excellent Fruit
even on Dwarfs or Efpaliers, but much. better againft a South-Eaft Wall -
oo Bearer se The P ulp. Js Pap esetet fweet, yellow, within, but ic)
| Cleaves to the Stone; its Out! € 4s.am Amber-colour, cover’d. with-a
ike re .
IN a wet Seaton ‘tis fubjed to Worms, which I believe to be gene-
tated by the ‘Crudities of the Sap, for want of Perfpiration ; becaufe
-when
s :
; ~
re ca
a,
Heh es
; 4 a
|
|
|
|
.|
|
|
The Frurr-GarRvDEN TDuftrated.
95
when they are kept thin in wet Seafons, they are not fo much affected
therewith : Ripe Auguft 12, 1727. Eaft Wall.
THE Yellow Diapree, or Diaper’'d Plumb, (Fig. IV. Plate XXIV.)
-js-a fimall but very good Fruit ; its Pulp is a beautiful Yellow within
and without, and comes from the Stone, It muft be eaten as foon as
gather’d, being fomething mealy when kept a Day or two afterwards ;
Ripe Auguft 61727. Eaft Wall.
/ EHE Turkey Plumb, (Fig..V. Plate XXV) i a Yatge beauriful
Fruit 5 its Pulp‘is of a greenifh Yellow within, very fiveet, aiid cover'd
\ with a pleafane blackifh Red when ripe: “Tis a tolerable good Bearer :
Ripe Fuly 20, 1727. South Wall. ”
{ THE Mogule Plumb, ot White Bonum Magnum, (Fig. VI.
Plate XXV.) alfo called the White Holland, ot Dutch Plumb, an ex-
‘cellent Fruit for Baking or Preferving ; when ‘tis ripe its Pulp is very
'yellow within, as well as without, and cover’d with a fine white Flew:
The Pulp fticks to the Stone, hath a fine fharp Acid when ripe ; tis a
; 4 beautiful Fruit : Rip Auge 20,1727. South
| THE Wentworth Plumb, Fig. IV. Plate X} fo called from its
being firft planted in the Gardens of the Right Honourable the Earl of
Strafford at Tavickenbam = Its Form, Cc lout, and Tafte, are exactly
“the fame as the Mogule ; but.as the Mogale cleaves to the Stone, this
\ parts freely from it, and therefore it is looked upon to be the very beft
Plumb in England for Preferving ; “tis a good Bearer : Ripe Auguft 20,
1727. South-Eaft Wall. | ee
THE Imperatrice, (Fig. IT . Plate XXV. called by fome the late
LV. jolet, or Blue Perdrigon) is a moft delicious Fruit when ‘tis fuffer'd to
| hang on the Tree until ‘tis a little {hrivel'd ; its Pulp is a greenith Yellow
within, vaftly rich, with a fine fugar'd Acid, and cleaves to the Stone :
\ The Ont-fide is a blackifh Red, cover'd with a fine Violet Flew ; ‘tis a
good Bearer : Ripe September 10, 1727- South-Ealt Wall.
THE ©
96
POMONA: Or;
THE White Pear Plumb, (Fig. 1. Pilate XXV.) is another excellent
Plumb for Preferving, and the Table alfo, when fully ripe, its Juice
_ being very agreeably mix’d with a pleafant fugar’d Acidity ; the Pulp
_ isa yellowifh Green, cover'd with a fine light Flew; ‘tisa good Bearer,
and ripens late, September 10, 1727. North Wall.
[ N. B. JHE Black Pear Plumb, (Fig. II.) és am excellent Fruit for
| Baking and Preferving ; and altho ’tis a very common Plumb,
| yet it muft not therefore be defpis'd, as wife Florifts do good Flowers,
| ° > .
when they become common in every Man’s Garden befides their own.
[he Frurt-Garven Wuftrated.
97
An Alphabetical TABLE of the preceding Plumbs,
exhibiting their Times of Ripening, and different
=> Rete Cravpia
e “
P a z
, a eee : dae
~. WentworTH.
Warts Pear. Prove - =
Afpects.
CuESTON ———
CATHERINE sie
- Drap-p or
Drarre Yelhw —<—
Damosine Blak ——
ForHERINGHAM .
Green GAGE
Jean-Harive
IMPERIAL
IMPERATRICE —
Mirasre W bite
Morocco —
Matrrre CraupeE
- Marcutess White
s as, od oe. 89 “6 fs io f, on:
Peapaicon Blue
- PerpricoNn W bite
Perpaicon. Musk
_ ._PerpRicon. Cerney, .—
Queen Moruer ©
Roya —
Viorer =
ntes eee
~
‘OantEANS <> 5 |
PaimorpiaAN Blue —
—
— ———
ery
a
Ripe.
July 15,
Aug. 12,
Fuly 20,
Aug, 6,
July 25,
_Fuly 14,
~ -Guly 30,
Fune 9,
July 15,
Sept. 10,
Fuly 20,
july 14,
July 23,
July 24;
s F d aad z GYT4
July 4,
Fuly 20,
Aug. 1,
hey 20,
July 30,
Aug. 12,
Fuly 20,
Aug. 8,
July 20,
Fuly NS,
Aug.20,
Aug. 39;
Cc
Afpetts.
Welt Wall.
South-Eaft,
Welt.
Eaft.
Fatt.
South-Eatft.
Eaft.
South-Eaft, |
North- Weft.
- South-Eaft.
Standard.
Eaft.
South-Eaft.
Welt.
CHAP
98
POMON A: @,
CHAP. XVIIL
Of PEACHES and NECTARINES.
apsenee) LL THO’ Nectarines differ from Peaches in their Colour,
ey) A fay, Smoothnefs of Skin and Tafte, yet their Propagation and
INOKC% Manner of Pruning, Gr: are the fame ; fo that when I am
treating on the ordering of oa the fame is to be underftood of
Nectarine Trees.
ALL Kinds “Of Peaches produce their Fruits upon the laft Year’s
Wood, as A B, Fig. VII. Plate II and Il. which never bears again,
but produce from Shoots or Fiddes yearly afterwards, as C DE, onBE
the two Years Wood; and the like of che finall Shoots DE FG, (Fig. X.)
produced from the two Years Wood X W of the Catherine Peach :
And ’tis therefore that we muft always, during the Summer Seafon,
preferve a fufficient Query of new Wood to fucceed the old.
THE Bloflom-Buds of Peaches // 1, éc. being very plump, and larger
than the Leaf-Buds ¢ 7 7, 2c. are eafi ly diftinguifh’ d from them, when we
come to make Choice thereof at the Time of Pruning.
IT appears by the Shoots of the Apricot (fig. TI. Plate VIM, IX.)
that the Bloffoms at the extreme Parts are much weaker than thofe at B:
For as the extreme Part A was produced when the Vigour of the Sap
was over, and the Seafon colder than in the Spring, they are therefore
very weak and immature ; and tis for this Reafon that the Ends of oe
= which are predic d late in the Spring, are prun’d,
< bi i
BUT
‘
“6
PROTRAE eh 5 OR Ee A SE EE SEES st ei ST A
The Fruit-Garven Tbuftrated.
99
BUT fiance that there is not fo much as one Leaf-Bud between B and A,
therefore that at A, the extreme Bud, muft not be pruned, becaufe there
is no other Leaf-Bud to attract Nourifhment to the Bloffoms, and perfpire
away the Crudities thereof ; for was that Shoot to have the Leaf-Bud A
prund off, the whole Branch would perifh when the Fruits are ripen’d,
if any happen to grow thereon.
AND ‘tis the very fame in the Branches of Peach-Trees : for was
the Branch A B, Fig. VI. Plate VIII and IX. to have its leading Bud A
prun’d away, it would die as aforefaid ; but if the laft Year's Shoot A B,
Fig, Vil. Plate Il and IIL. were to be prun’d at the Bud 4, it would not
die, becaufe it is a Leaf-Bud, and of the fame Nature as the extreme
Bud 3B.
THERE are many Kinds of Peaches which produce Leaf-Buds
near tot heir Bloffom Buds, as B f f f,é’c.Fig.VI. and n a 0,0. Fig. VIII.
Plate I and Ill. which is a very great Advantage to the Fruits, in
ftrongly attracting Nourifhment to them, as well as freely perfpiring
away the Crudities thereof.
Pe etek
and BC D, dor. Fig. I. Plate XI. the
Peach, and ‘tis always feen that thofe Kinds of Peaches are the beft
tafted and moft fruitful.
PEACHES have a very great. and beautiful Difference in the
Magnitudes and Colours of their Blofloms : The earlieft being for the
generality very large and beautiful, as the old Neawéngton, Fig. IX.
Plate Ul, Ill. and Fig. VI. Plate VIII, IX. and the Albemarle Peach, 2.
Fig. Vi. Plate U1, Il. And the late Kinds very fmall, but yet very
beautiful in cheir Kinds, as the Catherme, Fag. VIII. Plate Il, Ill. the
.
lace Admivable, °c. Fig. V. Plate YUU, 1X.
THE Goodnefs of Peaches depends very much upon their Quantity,
for they are never worth any thing when left very thick upon the Trees,
which is always done by a covetous ‘Temper, which makes good the old
Proverb, AU covet, All lofe. |
THIS
, £00
POMON A:'Or,
inns dr iii Na ate
THIS very Year I number'd 103 Dozeniof Early, or Smith’s Neaw-
ington ‘Peaches, on one fingle Tree, in the Garden of a very reputed
Gardener for the Management of Fruits, which being in general very
fmall, and infipid tafted, were fold: at Market for Six-pence per Dozen :
Now had Nature been kindly treated with, and:burden‘d with 10 or 15
Dozen only, inftead of fo many, fhe would have ‘been: able to have
producd them with their true Taftes, and all other ets in the
greateft Perfection. |
I HAVING already laid down the Diftances that the Branches
fhould be laid from: each other, (viz. the Length of their Leaves) it
only remains to fhew their Diftances that they fhould ripen at upon the
Branches, which is exhibited by Fig. II. Plate XXVI.
THUS far by — of —- ; now we'll proceed to the Fruits
themichyes.
THE Girlk 9 ripe “Peach § is cher White se or ell Wh bite Peach,
{ (Fig. 1. Plate XXVII.) its Juice is fiveet and fomething musky, when
well ripen’d ; its Colour is a very light, or rather a pale Green ; ‘tis a
preat Bearer : Ripe Gune Pe Pe 3: South Wall.
THERE is alfo another Sort of Natineg Peach, which is called the
Red Nutmeg, ot Troy Peach, which tipens foon after the White Nut-
meg, and is a great Bearer alfo: Its Fruits are generally fomething larger
than the other, but in ‘Tafte mich the: fame, — a beautiful, ‘broken,
wee red Colour next the ‘Sun.
THE Ann Peach, fig. Ul. Plate KXVIT) is a tmall, but very good
| Peach; adey the Nutmegs ; its Pulp “is very pleafant, and comes
from the Stone ; ’tis-a ipa meats —_— Jv 10, 1727. Eaft Wall.
THE Red Magdalene, (Fie. v. Plate XXVIL ) i is a outs Fruit, ae
fall of a rich fugar’d Juice ye comes ‘from the Stone, which is very
| red, as is alfo the Infide of the: Pulp next about it ;“next the Sun ‘tis a
bia ‘kith: ‘Red, which lofes itfelf in a = Green ; ; tis a ge Beater :
aS Tees 20. South Wall.
THE
t
The Fruitr-Garven Illuftrated. Mey
THE White Magdalane, (Fig. Vi. Plate XXVII.) comes from the
— Stone, which is of a light Cinamon Colour. The Pulp next to it is
very white, excepting that Part of it which is next the Rib of the Stone,
which is a little ting’d with Red: The Pulp is of a great Subftance,
full of a fine fugar’d winy Juice, and melting ; ‘tis a good Bearer :
Ripe Fuly 30. Weft Wall.
THE Yuteon de Venice (Fig. WV. Plate XXVIII.) is commonly taken
for the White Magdalene, being very like it : It comes from the Stone
which is a Cinamon Colour, but the Pulp next about it is a light Green,
wherein it only differs from the White Magdalene; ‘tis a very good
Fruit, and a great Bearer : Ripe Zu/y 20. South-Weft Wall.
ee LO ESI ATE A My
N. B. BOTH thefe laft Peaches have very little Red in them nent
the Sun, being chiefly a pale Green,
THE Rozanna, (Fig. Ill. Plate XXVII.) comes from the Stone,
| which is a brown Colour ; the Pulp next about it is very Green = Its
Juice is very rich, and therefore in great Efteem among the Curious ;
-“fiext the Sun ‘tis very Red, which lofes it felf in a faint Green 5 ‘tis a
DCalCi . INTpe fer
a
re ena Ee oe 2 .
er - aa .
ee a a a ee ia
ee. i.
THE Smith’s Newington, (Fig. 1. Plate XXVIIL) alfo called the
Early Newington, is a very good Fruit, and great Bearer; its Pulp is
firm and very like the Old Newington, but, in my Opinion, much
fhort of that moft delicate Flavour which the Old Newington abounds
with ; It clofely adheres to the Stone, and is of a beautiful Red next the
Sun : Ripe Fuly 25, 1727. South-Eaft Wall.
° THE Minion, (Fig.l. Plate XXVIIL) its Pulp abounds with a fine
3 rich fugar’d Juice, and adheres clofe to the Stone, which is a dark Red ;
as is alfo the Outfide next the Sun: The Pulp is very firm, and full of
| fall red Spots under the red Part of the Skin, when pared; ‘tis an ex-
"cellent Fruit, and'a good Bearer : Ripe ‘uly 20. South Wall.
“THE Noblefs, (Fig! Ill. Plate XXVIL) or Noble, is an excellent
\ Fruit, and truly worthy of its Name : It comes from the Stone, e 2
LQ2
POMON A: QO,
| has a Peek rifing on its upper End, like that of the Fruit ; ‘tis of -
brown Colour, diy indented, with many Fibrous Parts of the Pulp
clofely adhering to it: The Pulp is melting, full of a delicious Juice,
a little colour’d with Red next the Stone, and ftreak’d with dark Streaks
of Red without next the Sun ; a good Bearer: Ripe July 20, 1727.
South Wall.
THE Montabon (Fig. 1V. Plate XXVIIL) is an excellent Fruit ; its
Pulp is tender and melting, and comes from the Stone, which is a
brown Red: The Infide of the Pulp next the Stone is mixd with light
‘Red, but the Outfide next the Sun is a deep Red ; ‘tis a very good
Bearer: Ripe Fuly 30. South Wall.
THE Bordine, (Fig. V. Plate XXVIII.) is'a very valuable Fruit ;
its Pulp comes from the Stone, of a fine vinous Tafte, and of a lovely
Red next the Stone, which is of a dark Cinamon Colour, to which
_ fome few Fibres of the Pulp adheres : Next the Sun a fudden Red, which
lofes it felf with {mall Spots of Red in a yellow Green ; ‘tis a good —
Bearer : Ripe Fuly 30, 1727. Weft Wall.
_ THE Newington Neforine, (Fig. \. Plate XX1X.) its Pulp clofely
adheres to the Stone, which is very red, full of an excellent rich Juice
when perfectly ripe, which is known by its hanging until it is a little
fhrivel’d ; its outward Colour next the Sun is very red, which lofes
it felf in a ftrong Yellow 5 ” tis a Ber Bearer : bk: ad 30, 1 727.
South Wall. | |
THE Roman Neétorine, (Fig. I. Plate XXIX,) its sits clofely
adheres to the Stone, which is very red, as alfo its outward Skin next
the Sun, which is loft in a fine deep Yellow + When ‘tis well ripen’d ’tis
an excellent Fruit, full of a fine delicious fol Juice ; “tis a good
Bearer ; Ripe uly 30. South Wall.
__ THE Elvuge Neéforine, (Fig. I. Plate XXIX.) has a foft melting
Pulp, comes from the Stone, and very red next about it; but the Stone
is a brown Red : The Out-skin isa very black Red next th Sun, which
lofes it felf in a yellowifh Green next the Wall ; ‘tis a very good Bearer:
Ripe Ty 32 1727. South Wall.
THE
ae ae oe
The Frui1t-Garpven Iduftrated. 102.
THE Ttalian, ot Brunion Neétorine, (Fag. IV. Plate XXIX.) is a
moft excellent, rich, vinous-flavour’d Fruir, when well ripen d ; its Pulp
is very firm, and cleaves to the Stone, which is very red, as alfo is the
out Pare next the Sun, which lofes it felf in a pleafant Yellow : Ripe
Auguft 6, 1727. South-Welt Wall.
| THE Golden Neétorine, (called by fome, tho’ falfly, the Temple
Neéforine, Fig. VY.) its Pulp adheres very clofe to the Stone, which is of
_ avery light Brown, or Snuff Colour : “Tis very yellow within as well
as without, excepting next the Sun, where ‘tis intermix’d with Spots and
Streaks of Red ; ‘tis a fine rich flavour’d Fruit when well tipen'd, and
therefore it fhould not be gather'd until ‘tis fomething fhrivel’d ; ‘tis a
- good Bearer: Ripe Auguft 20. Weft Wall.
THE Early Admivable, (Fig. W. Plate XXX.) comes ftom the
Stone, which is of a Cinamon Colour ; the Pulp next to it is white,
with fome few Tinétures of Red: it may be juftly called Admirable
in regard to its fine delicious melting Pulp : The out Part next the Sun
js ftceaked with pleafant Red, which lofes it felf in a light Yellow ; ‘tis
~ which is a Cinamon Colour; the Pulp is white next the Stone, melting,
and full of a fine tich Juice, fomething acid. Next the Sun ‘tis of a
| Carnation Red, which is loft in a yellowifh Green ; ‘tis a good Bearer :
Ripe September 4. Weft Wall.
THE Pafi-Violet, (Fig. il. Plate XXX.) or Double Troy Peach;
its Pulp comes from the Stone, being very red next about it : its Tafte
is very like the Red Nutmeg, but its outward Coat is of an Orange
Colour, faintly dotted with brownifh Red: Ripe Auguft 6, 1727.
Eaft Wall. — Es
| "THE Nivet (Fig. IV. Plate XXX.) comes from the Stone, which
is very red, as alfo the Pulp next about it, but within ‘tis very yellow :
| ’tis a fine rich fugar'd melting Fruit, of a dark Red next the Sun, which
—- A
/
£04.
POMONA:.@,
bs loft in a faint Yellow; ‘tis a good Bearer: Ripe Auguft 8, 1727.
ot
Eaft Wall.
© THE Purple Alberge, (Fig. V. Plate XXX.) fo called, being
' coverd with a Coat of Purple about the Bloflom-End, which lofes it felf
in a dark Red, blended with Yellow ; its Pulp is yellow within, and
| very red about the Stone, from which it parts: “Tis a moft. delicious
~ tich juicy Fruit, and a good Bearer : Ripe Auguft 3. Eaft Wall.
THE Violet-Hative Fig. Vi. Plate XXX.) comes from the Stone,
| which is of a lively Red on the Edges, but on the Bulge a Chocolate
| Colour : Next to the Sun ’tis a very dark Red, which is foftned off in
a fotter Red, which at length is loft with fmall red Spots, in a Ground
blended with Red and Yellow : Its Juice is the moft delicious I ever
tafted, it far excels the Old Newington, notwithftanding that is fo ex-
cellent a Fruit : Ripe Augu/t 8. Eaft Wall.
| THE Old Newington (Fig. 1. Plate XXXI.) its Pulp clofely adheres
to the Stone, which is of a lively Red, “and very full of a moft delicious
| sich Juice ; its Pulp is very firm when ripe, and of a beautiful Red next
: the Sun, which lofes it felf in yellowifh Green when ripe : It is but an
indifferent Bearer when nail’d in thick with Wood, but the reverfe, (as -
before noted) when the Branches are laid about nine Inches apart : Ripe
Auguft 6. South Wall.
[ THE Aihempele ig. Il. Plate XXXL) ¢ comes from the Stone, which
is of a brownifh Red ; but the Pulp next the Stone is a fine Vermilion
| Red, and of a very great | Thicknefs ; its Pulp is melting, and full of a
very “rich: vinous Juice: Next the Sun ’tis very dark Red, which is
(
| foftned off, and loft in a yellowifh Green, fet very thick with {mall red
— ‘tis a good Bearer : Ripe Angi 8. South Wall.
THE Brook's Peach, fo alled ae the Lord Brooks, who firft pto-
| pagated it in his Gardens at Tawickenbam in Middlefex, (Fig. Ml.
| “Plate XXX.) Next to the Sun ‘tis of a fine Vermilion Red, which lofes
: felf wich fmall red Spots in a yellowifh Green. The Pulp is of very
gr at Sudftance, ‘and comes from the Stone, which is of a Cinamon
cr § the inward Part of the Pulp next about the Stone is very
~ white :
*
The Frurt-Garven Iluftrated.
——"
104
| white ; its Juice is very delicious, and the Pulp melts in eating; ‘tis a
\ very good Beater: Ripe Auguft 8. Welt Wall.
Sy cm aietaeiiaeiiics on ante eee ee
THE Hemskirk, (Fig. TV. Plate XXX1.) is a moft beautiful delicious”
Fruit ; the Pulp has a {mall Adherence to the Stone, which is of a dark
red Colour, as alfo the Pulp about it: Its Outfide next che Sun is a very
deep or blackifh Red, which goes off gradually towards the back Part,
which is fet very thick with {mall red Spots; ‘tis a very flefhy Fruit;
and a good Bearer : Ripe Auguft 8, 1727, South-Eaft Wall.
THE Bellows, (Fig. V. Plate XXXI.) is a very great Bearer, and an
excellent good Fruit ; Its Pulp: comes from the Stone, which is a light
Brown, and the Pulp next about it very white, with a Tincture of
Red next the Cleft or Edge of the Stone : Its Skin, which does freely
peel off, is of a pleafant Red next the Bloffom-End, and lofes, it felf
with {mall red Specks in. a yellowifh, Green :| Ripe Augaft 1, Welt
Wall.
THE Swalze or. Saolxe, (Fig. 1. Plate XXXII.) is faid to be firlt
poor to England by the Lord Peterborough ;, its Pulp comes from
¢, which i is very ee as wel as the le next about it, and tis
larger t than in the Fipn >—Nes neSun Set = is om
Fa,
THE Pavy: Royal. (Fig. I. Plate XXXL.) comes from the Stone,
which is of a Cinamon Golour ; its Pulp is very: red. about the Stone,
| containing a J uice equal to the beft- Peach or Pavy in the World : Its
.
Ce nanan’
Ourfide is a black Red, beautifully ftrip’d with a> fine Vermilion Red,
: which is foftned off in a yellowith Green ; ‘tis a very good Bearer, and |
| were it to be nail’d in very thin, it would, without Difpute, bethe very
beft Peach in eaeine! 38 Auguft 55-1727. Eaft Wall.
THE Poopree ( Fig. int Plate XXXII): comes: Pa Hl othe Stone)
which is both red and brown : - The Pulp next about the Stone is very.
red, and, if eaten before quite ripe, has. very much of the Old New-
ington Talte i in it ; but the Juice is much fiver 3 adi — ripen'd : Rat
Auguft 24, 1777. Ealt Walle 7 22 a
106
POMON A: Or,
THE Rickets Peach, (Fag. 1V. Plate XXXII.) fo called in regard to
| <" being firft propagated by Mr. Rickets, late a Nurfery-man at Hoxton :
t comes from the Stone, which is of a Cinamon Colour, with a Tinge
of Red in the Cléfts ; the Pulp next the Stone is of a beautiful Red,
which lofes it felf in an almoft tranfparent white Pulp, which is melting
and very full of a very weet delicious Juicé = its Outfide next the Sun
is of a very pleafant Vermilion Red, which is foftned off with very.
fmall Spots-in a light yellow Ground ; ‘tis a good Bearer : Ripe Augu/t
25, 1727. Sout Met Wall.
PAE Lite ddmivabhe (Fig. V. Plate XXXIL ) comes from the Stone;
which is a Cinamon Colour, to which adheres many Fibrous Particles
of the Pulp : Next the Stone it’ is:a very deep Red, melting, and full
of an excellent tich Juice ; the Out-skin is of a ‘pleafant’ Red next the
Sun, which is foftned': off with very minute Spots, into a pleafant
Yellow ; ‘tis a very good Bearer : Ripe Auguft 24, 1727. South Wall.”
THE Bell Chevrenfe, idmmorily ealled Chewerufe, (Fig A.Plate XXXII1.)
| comes ° from the Stone, which is‘of a light brown Colour ; and next
abotie it the’ Pulp” is of ‘a pleafant Vermilion Red, which is full of a
— foft fugard Juice : ‘The Ouc-skin next the Sun ‘is a firong Red, that is
foftned off in’a Ae Green ; ‘tis'a Sa Bearer : ng ccd 2A, 727.
South- Weft Wall.° 8s oom) taesc8ll &: j
THE Burdock (Fag. WT. Plate. XXXII) its Pulp ; ion to the Stone,
which is of a Cinamon Colour 5: “tis of a, very great Subftance, ‘very:
= firm, ‘dnd full of a moft delicious. tich Juice :. Its Outfide ‘next the Sun.
ir tee
ace pope =
is a beautiful Vermilion Red, which is foftened off with-fmall red Spots:
in a pleafant yellow Green ; ‘tis a: good Bearer, and as. good a Fruit: as.
any of the Kind: ni — 30, 1727. South Wall.
THE Rinmbolion, or Roatak Fig. 1 Ill. Plate e
are in general of
the Table:
the very beft Kinds, as well for Stewing, Baking, dc. as for
And as I have here truly reprefented the exact Forms and Mag-
nitudes of their Leaves and Fruits in their natural Colours, and as their Seafons
of Ripening and Keeping are exhibited in the following Table; there needs no
more to be faid of their {everal Defcriptions:
feverally, as they are delineated in the following Plates.
I therefore refer you to them
‘An Alphabetical TABLE of the bef Kinds of Pears in
| England, exhibiting their
and uration.
Ambret + Fig. IV.
St. Andrew = III.
Buree de Roy! “Til.
Buree Brown YI.
Buree Winter iL.
Bergamot Winter 1.
Bergamot Common 1.
Bergamot Bugy Y.
Ditto Swifs _ VIIl.
Ditto Hamdens wh 718
Bon-cretien Sum. I:
Ditto Autumn : VI :
Ditto, Golden - I.
Ditto Winter - Il.
When to be
gather'd. -
Sept.
Sept. 20,
Bordine Musk: - 1. Sune 30,
— Blanquet Petit I Aug. 5,
Sept.
Aug. :
Sept.
Sept. 2
Aug. °
Aug.
; Aug. |
Sept.
Sept.
20,
Sept. saaere:
pupae re oats
20,
Sept. 10,
20,
30,
Ditto Spanifh’ - Als _ Sept,.3
Catherine Royal V. uly 25,|Soonakt gathr
Catherine Queen V. ‘uly 30,1Soon aft gathr.
~
Eatable.
Dec. & Fan
Fune 30,
When gather’d
When gather'd
February.
after gathr.
Oéf. Yo,
When gather'd
A Day or *¢
after gathr.
,|Soon aft’ gathr.
-|To the End of Feb.
November
Fanuary
—
Soon aft’ gathr.
| April
Duration.
February © —
But a {mall Duration
But a {mall Duration
Seafous of Gathering, Ripening,
N°? of Plate
where each
is exhibited.
LXVI.
LXXII.
LXI.
LXI.
To the End:of Odo.
To the End of Ofob.
—-—
‘
About» one ; Month
after gathering _ -
——
: LXVI.
LXIV.
BXUY..
Lae
LXVIU.
LXY.
LXVI.
Two or three Weeks
Two or three Weeks
Three Weeks ora Mon.
About fix Weeks
To the End of March
i enemnneeienenmetinanedl
Bar -a fmall Duration
LXIl.
LXV.
LXV.
| LXIV.
LXVIU.
LXVIIL
LXVIIL.
LXI.
But a fmall. Duration
LXI.
Crafan
POMONA: Or,*
132
When to be
gather'd. Eatable.
Crafan - Fig. lV. Sept. 20, |Middle of Of.
Chafletie - I. Sept. 20,| November —
Colmar - III. Sept. 30,|December —
A Dayor 2
Cuifle Madam - III. uly 10, ° 6 nae
Double Bloflom II. Sept. 30,|December -
Doyenne - VII. Sept. 30,) November -
Epine d'Hyver VI. Sept. 20, | December -
Green Chizel - II. uly 20,|When gather'd
St. Germain - II. Sept. 20,| November —
Mr.Hil'siftCrop Il. Aug. 24, |When gatherd
Second - IY. Sept. 30,|When gatherd
Jargonel = - IV. uly 10,|When gather’d
Lombard Pear - I. ‘Fuly 25,| When gather'd
Lanfac - VV. Sept. 30,| November -
Martin Sec. = 1.” Sept. 30, December -—
Meffire John - I. Sept. 30, |Soon aft’gathr.
Marquifs - IV. Sept. 30,| November -
St. Michael - III. Aug. 8 aM ay ;
| , tis ripe = )
Roflelet Petit - Il. Aug. 24,|When gather'd
Ruffelet Grofs - IV. Aug. 24, |When gather'd
Royal d'Hyver IV. Sept. 30,|\December —
Rofe dEtre - VI. Fuly 17,|When gather'd
Sugart Vert - I. Sept. 5,|When gather'd
Swans Ege - IV. Sept. 20, |Soon aft’ gathr.
Salviati —s - . Sept. 20, |Ditto . -
Sattin Pear = VI. Sept. 30,|Ditto -
Vermillion 2° Bo Faby Wi Dittes«
Virgoule - If. Sept. 20,| Nov. Dec. =
ert Longue -
Ma = — Pht. 78 Soon af gees
Windfor - IL Fuly 10, ae mal
3 | 3 gather'd
Duration. *
after being eatable
Until January ——
Three Weeks |
Until Apri]
Fanuary
Fanuary
But very fhort
Fanuary
But very fhort
About a Fortnight —
About a Fortnight —
About a Fortnight —
——t ee
re
|fanuary, February
February, March —
About one Month
Fanuary
Two mays at moft
About ten Days
About three Weeks
January, February
About three Weeks
Three Weeks or a Mon.
15 of 20 Days: ——=
November, December
|About a Fortnight — —
End of Jentee) = ———
[PhreeW WwW eeks ora Mon.|
About ~— Weeks
Until the End of ‘an.
N° of Plate
where each
Lis exhibited.
»
8 one a |
LXV.
LXX.
LXVII.
LX].
LEX;
| LX.
LXVII:
LXII.
LXVI.
LXIUl.
LXUI. .
LXI. -
LXIV.
LXVII.
LXXIL.
LXIY.
LXVIUIE
LXXIL
LXIV.
EXVE
LXVIi.
LXE
_LXIIl. ~
LXIV.
-LXIV,-
LXVI.
TA
—| LXVII-
XI
Ext”
“Tre.
The Fruit-Garven IJhuftrated.
133
The beft Pears for Baking, Stewing, &c. are,
The Black Pear of Worcefter, Fig. M1. Plate LXXI.
Cadilac, Fig. VV. Plate LXX1.
— Donvile, Ronvile, Fig. WW, VI. Plate LXX.
Peis Bconli Fig. Ill. Plate LAxi
Pe bng’i Warden, and Pound Pear, Plate LXXI.
Englifo Warden, Plate LXXM. and St.Francis, Fig.V. Plate LXX.
QUINC ES are beft when grafted upon their own Stocks.
THE beftKind is the Portugal Pear Quince, (Fig. 1. Plate LXXUM)
next to which is the Portugal Apple Quince, (Fig. Il.) and laftly, the
very worft of all is the Englifb Quince, (Fig. M11.)
See oa eles
ae es = 2 aN prea
a ey - where ieee pais Nae ge ye EY Sater oa nani ee ap
Sel a wire ame Syren en nea eae,
oT a . i Nod ES ee apes :
GCHAP. XXVIL
of x PL ES.
Sous PLES are in general produc'd on Wood of two Years growth,
CEA ais) 4 % : ye poe e . .
Si AG and-ftquire as much Air about their Branches to perfpire in,
eigA as any other Kind of Tree 5 therefore if they are but allow'd
fafficient-Aix and their Pofitions nearly horizontal, they require no further
“%
Care. | ee TH E
134
a
POMON A, &.
THE beft Kinds worth our Notice, for the Table and Kitchen, are the
following, viz.
* Apr
* Bost Apps fr’ Han.
Coptine
* CorpENDUE
* Carvite Acoute
* Carvite Red
* Catvite Royal
%* Frencu Pippin
French RENNET
* FENELLET
* FRANCATU
* GorpEen RENNET.
* Goipen Pippin
* Hoxbanp Pippin
* JerusaLEM APPLE
JuNITING
ae | UNE ree
Kirton” “Prt
KircHEN APrPLe
KentisH Pippin
Kentish RENNET
* Maucoan
* Non-parEIL
Pear Russer APPLE
* Pearmain Loans
Pickerine s Pearm.
Pome-Roy
RussEtrine
Russet Golden Pip:
Russer WHEELERS
. | STONE Pippin
potash Pippin
Listninc,or Jucy Ap,
.| Marcaretr Apprie
* Monstrous REN,
Fig Plate.
Vie EXEXEX.
Ill. LXXIX.
V. LXXIV.
I. LXXIV.
IIT. LXXVIIL.
Ve. LRXY.
IV. LXXIX.
V... LXXSVE.
IH: RAVE,
VII. LXXVII.
I]. LXXIX.
¥. LAA:
TV. LXXVII.
VL XX VIO.
TV. LXXVII
N.B. THOSE Fruits marked thus * are very beautiful when Grafted
_ upon Paradife Stocks, and planted in Pots, Borders, &c.
THE Characters of the feveral Cyder-Fruits of Herefordfhire, and many
other Countries famous for that Liquor, being in general much inferior
to four Kinds fent me from Pynes near Exeter in Devonfhire, by the
Honourable Hugh Stafford, the Stire Apple excepted, which I have not
yet feen ; I fhall therefore omit their Defcriptions, and in lieu thereof give
the following Account of gs Fruits, as I receiv'd it from that worthy
Gentleman.
j ee
Toe ee,
.
vg
*
ps gee
A
a
Curious
Curious ACCOUN T
Of the _moft Valuable
CYDER-FRUITS
O F
DEVONSHIRE.
Se wees || NCE you have feen the Royal Wilding Apple itlelf,
Se: ~ sf (Plate LEXVIL.) which is fo very much chlebiared |
Sel ip ES yi, (and fo very defervedly) in our County, the Hiftory
fe : of its being firft taken Notice of, which is freth in
every Body’s Memory, may not perhaps be unac-
ceptable to you. The fingle and only Tree from
which the Apple was firft propagated, isa very tall, fair, and ftout one,
I believe about twenty Feet high: It flands in a very little Quillet (as.
we call it) of Gardening, adjoining to the Road that leadeth from
Exeter to Oakbampton, (the Poft Way) in the Parifh of St. Thomas, but
neat the Borders of another Parifh called W hitftone : A Walk of a Mile
from Exeter will farnifh any one, who hath tach a Curiofity, with a
Sight of it.
IT
136
POMONA: @,
alain See
IT appears to be properly a Wilding, that is, a Tree rais’d from the
Kernel of fome other Apple, withour having been ever Grafted, and
(what feems well worthy being obfery’d) hath, in all probability, ftood
there much more than feventy Years ; for two antient Perfons of the
neighbouring Parifh of W. hitftone, who died each of them feveral Years
fince, aged upward of the Number of Years now mention’d, declar’d,
That when they were Boys, and firft went the Road, it was not only
growing there at that time, but, what is very well worth Notice, was
then as tall and ftout as it now appears, (and we may reafonably fuppofe
that was when they were each about 12 or 13 Years of Age); nor do
there appear at this time any Marks of Decay upon it, as far as I took
notice. |
Po ad }
IT is a very conftant and plentiful Bearer every other Year, and then
ufually produceth Apples enow to make one of our Hogfheads of
Cyder, which contains 64 Wine Gallons ; and this was one Occafion
of its being firft taken Notice of, and yields an Hiftory which I believe
no other Tree ever did: For the little Cot Houfe to which it belongs,
ogether. with the little Quillet (as aforefaid) in which it flands, being
feveral Years J ounds, the Fruit of this Tree
fince” mortwaged” For cen
alone, in a Courfe of fome Years, freed the Houfe and Garden, and its
more valuable Self, from that Burden which is wont to involve all other
Eftates in one common Ruin.
Y
. Mr. FRANCIS OLIVER: (a Gentleman. of the Neighbourhood, and,
if I miftake not, the Gentleman who had the Mortgage juft now men-
tion d). was one of. the firft Perfons about Exeter that affected the Rough
Cyder, and for that Reafon purchafed the Fruit of this Tree every bearing
_ Year: However, [ cannot learn that he ever made it Separate and apart,
but méx’d it with other Apples, which notwithftanding added an /q-
vantage to his Cyder, with all thofe who had any true Relith for that
Liquor. £
_ WHETHER it was this or any other Motive, I cannot particularly
fay, that brought on the more happy Experiment on, this Apple, But
the. Reverend Mr. Robert Woolcomle, (ReGor of Whitftone, the Parifh
before mention’d) who ufed to amufe himfelf with a Nurfery, put on
EI 3 7 \ fome
” Wines . =
an 4 Sa eee ee
The Frurt-Garven Jduftrated.
BS
fome Heads of this Wilding ; and a few Years after being out in his
Nurfery, about March, a Perfon came there to him on fome Bufinefs,
and finding fomething roll under his Foot, took it up, and it proved an
Apple of this precious Fruit, which Mr. Wookombe receiving from him,
finding it perfectly found, after it had lain in the long Grafs and Stroyle
of the Nurfery, thro’ all the Rain, Froft, and Snow of the foregoing
Winter, thought it muft be a Fruit of more than common Yalue :
And having tafted it, and found the Juices, nor only in a moft perfect
Soundnefs and Quicknefs, bur fuch hikewife as feem’d to promife both
the Body, Roughnefs, and Flavour that wife Cyder-Drinkers in Devon
now begin to defire ; he obferyed the Graft from which it had fallen,
and fearching about found fome more of the Apples, and all of the
fame Soundnefs ; upon which, without any Hefitation, he refolv'd to
graft fome Numbers of them ; which he accordingly did, but waited
with Impatience for the Experiment, which you know muft be the
Courfe of fome Years: They came at length, and, if I miftake not,
his firft Reward was a {mall Barrel of the Juice ; but his much greater
was the Excellency of it, which far exceeded all his Expectations.
Mt WOOLCOMBE was nor a little pleafed with it, and talked
oe . 2. eS ee I v coca :
n_all Converfations 5 it created _4mu/zment at fult, but when Time
: Fe Ba a od i ok SECIS e et a tao ge mgd sts ths SOT EE kL is
produced an Hogthead of it, from Raillery it came to Serioufnefi, and
every one from Laughter fell to Admivation. In the mean time he had
thought of a Name for his Britifh Wine, and as it appear'd to be in the
original Tree a Fruit not Grafted, he setained the Name of Wilding ;
and, as he thought it {uperior to all others, fo he gave a Title of Sove-
raignty to it ; and , hence the triumphant Royal Wilding, Fig. I. :
P late LXXVII.
THIS, if I rightly remember, was about 16 Years fince : The Gen-
clemen of our County are now bufy almoft every where in promoting
it, and fome of the afer Farmers and Juftment-Holders : but we have
not yet (for Time you know muft do that) enough for sale : I =
known five Guineas refuled for one of our Hogfheads of it, tho the
common Cyder goeth for Twenty Shillings, and the South- Ham from
Twenty-five to Thirty. - es
&
we SO! 7 MOST
POMON A: QO,
I MUST add, that Mr. Woolcombe hath referved fome of them for
Hoard ; I have tafted the Tarts of them, and they come nearer to the
Quince than any other Tart I ever eat of.
WHERE-EVER it hath been tried as yet, the Juices are perfectly
Zood, (but better in fome Soils than others) and when the Gentlemen of
South-Hams will condefcend to give them a Place in their Orchards,
they will undoubtedly exceed us in this Liquor, becaufe we mutt yield
to them in the Apple~Soil : But it is happy for us that at prefent they
are fo wrapt up in their own Sufficiency, that they do not entertain any
Thoughts of fetching Apples from us ; and when they fhall, it muft be
another twenty Years before they can do any thing to Purpofe, tho’
fome of their more thinking Gentlemen I am told begin to get fome of —
them tranfported thither, (by Night you may fuppofe, partly for Shame,
and partly for Fear of being mobbed by their Neighbours) and will, Iam
well: “ited, much ene in the Produétion. —
ab. aM peronally peguaines with Mr. Woolcombe, and i I may be
; ry, (as iris here re=
lated) I can promife you I face the Subftance from his own Mouth, and
am fo perfectly poflefled with a Perfuafion of the Excellency of the
Cyder, that I doubt not in the Courfe of twenty Years more, when
‘Gentlemen fhall have furnifh’d themfelves with the Fruit, and the Far-
mets fhall have fallen in with it alfo, this County will be render’d abun-_
dantly happy in it ; and therefore I could really with, that whenever the
_ Original Tree dccutele (if it ever fhall, tho I affure my felf the Fruit
will newer be out of Ue) his Statue (carved out of the,Srump, but by
the fineft Hand, and overlaid with Gold) may be erected near the
publick Road in the Place of it, at the common =e of the oy
of Devon. 3
“WH AT other Fruits there 1 may BEF in Natuve, neither you nor I can
, becaule j you well know. whenever we fow the Kernels of any Apples,
‘we have always V avieties of mew and unknown Apples produced ; but
I will | venture to affirm I never tafted any Cyder equal to it, (not all the
ee ever drank) that of the W bit four (Lig. Il. Plate LXXVII.)
only
The Frurt-Garoven IJuftrated.
139
only excepted, (of which more hereafter) and as yet the Controverfy
betwixt That and the Royal Wilding continues undetermin’d,
THE Colour of the Royal Wilding, without any Affiftance of Ari
in any Kind, is a bright Yellow#/b rather than a Redifh Beerifhb TinGture ;
The other Qualities are a Noble Body, an Excellent Bitter, a Delicate
(excufe the Expreffion) Roughnefs, and a fine Vimous' Flavour : All the
other Qualities you may meet with in fome of the beft of our South-
Flam Cyder, but the laft is peculiar to the Royal Wilding and the
Whitfour only, and you will in vain look for it in any other,
BEFORE I yet leave the Royal Wilding, 1 muft further let you
know, that it is fometimes called (tho’ no lefs injurioufly than unaccurately)
the Red-Hill-Crab, from the Name of that Part of the Highway. neat
which the original Tree ftands, which is called Red-Hill.
THIS Name is injurious, becaufe Crab (as yet) is ufed among us in
a Senfe of Diminution, at \eaft, if not of Reproach ; or was it not fo,
it is plain there is nothing in that Name which fuggefts the fuperlative
8 pias of ac Fruit , BEES the oan of bes Sean catrieth 1 in
~ AND this other Name, as I faid, is alfo wmaccurate, baat I rather
take it for an Apple than a Crab (of which, however, fince you have
them before you, your felf may judge): For I muft further let you
know, that tho’ we frequently take the Word Apple for che whole Kind,
(as we call the whole Kind Horfes, including as well Mares as Hor{es,
more ftritly fpeaking) yet when we fpeak more exattly, we underftand
- the Word Apple in Oppofition and Contradiftion to the Crab, which moft
commonly is a very finall, harfh, yellow Fruit, and ordinarily groweth
in our Hedge-Rows, tho’ they make very large and very lafting Trees; -
however, I have {een one Sort of this very finall harfb Fruit finely ftreak’d
with ved Outfide; and in my Neighbourhood there is one Tree of
another Kind of hee which is red both Infide and out de; and it is
the only one of the Kind I ever faw or heard off
te
140
POMONA: Or,
W HIST I have thus had occafion to mention the Crabs, it may
not be improper to inform you that the Excellence of them for Cyder
was never commonly (if at all) known until within thefe late Years :
They were formerly fuffer’d to fall and be eaten by the Hogs, when they
would eat them, (which was not always, becaufe of their Harfhnefs) or
elfe to rot upon the Ground: But they are now fo well underftood, that
they fell at a much greater Value than the common Apples, and we begin
to propagate them by Grafting in our Orchards, tho’, in my Opinion,
they do much better as an Ingredient in Cyder, when mix’d with other
Fruit, than when pounded by themfelves. The firlt Difcovery of their
Ufefulnefs was the pounding of fome of them for Vinegar, which, when
tafted, proved much better Cyder than any of the common Cyder of our
Country.
HOWEVE R, there is a much fmaller Sort of Crab with us, not
‘larget than the Top of one’s Thumb, (and I think never making a Zree,
but growing only in Bufhes) which we never put in our Cyder, but ufe
them only to make Vinegar. | |
ee an ee -
YOU will not, it may BE chink ic improper if I take Notice to you
in this Place, that Cyder made all of any Sort of Waldings, (that is, as
I firft {aid of Apples propagated from Kernels, and never grafted upon
with any Sort of Fruit, tho’ you may graft them on what Stocks you
pleafe). is ever found to be excellently good, and much preferable to that
made with our common Apples. There is a Gentleman in the Neigh-
bourhood of Exeter, who hath now large Plantations of them, which
furnith him with admirable Liquor ; but the beft of it wants the delicate
and moft diftinguifh'd Flavour of the Royal W ding and Whitfour; nor
did I ever meet it in any Wilding, (nor indeed in any other Apple) ex-
cept in one Sort of Wilding of my own, of which I {hall fay fomething
by-and-by. | 3 2
© LHAVE only to add. concerning the Royal Wilding, that within
ethele twelve or fourteen Years, ¥ believe more than 200,000 of the
_ Grafts have been propagated in TDis and the Neighbouring Counties ;
were fent for from York/bire ; and what would you fay if they fhould
and, if I miftake not, I heard about two Years fince, thar fome of them
be
The Frurt-Garven Jduftrated.
I4t
be tranfplanted to the Rhine, which however is not altogether fo ime
probable as you are apt to imagine ; for a Gentleman who carried fome
of the Whitfour with him into Germany, (and, as I have before faid,
no one can fay which of the two exceeds) aflured me, that when he had
much celebrated the Glories of his Cyder, a German, whofe Expecta-
tions of this extraordinary Liquor were much raifed when he had tafted
it, cried out, He found nothing in it, for it was only like theiv Rhenith.
AND thus much for the Royal Wilding. 1 am now to let you
know as much as I my felf do of its omy Rival the W hitfour, (or
Whitefour, {pell it as you pleafe) of which, however, you will find I
have much lefs to fay, than on the other beloved Subject, becaufe { am
at fome Diftance from that Part of our County which chiefly produceth
it, and becaufe it feemeth to be in a great meafure co-incident with many
of the Things I have before told you of the Royal Wilding.
THIS is a fimall yellow Apple, which falls very foon: There are
tqwo or (as others fay) three Sorts of them, but the beft is what they
call the Pancrafs Whitfour, (tho’ why fo called I cannot tell you) and
_is the ne there were fome of them in my Neighbourhood a great
- mafrye Mears din sour 1 aight haye been dif-
3 it of our County 3 bue they are the Genuine
Produce of that Part of = < Ca called the South-Ham, (bounded by
the Rivers Zemg and Dart) and are not yet common in the other Parts
of our County, tho’ we now begin to promote them as faft as we think
we have got Royal Wildings enow.
AS far as I can learn they have been long in the South-Ham, but
until within thefe eight or ten Years in fo bad Reputation, that the
Cyder of them fold for one balf the Value lefs than the other Cyder, as
a Gentleman of that Country (very well acquainted with the Cyder-
Knowledge of thofe Parts) told me.
THE Qualities of the Juices are ptecifely the fame with thofe of the
Royal Wilding, and fo very near one to. the other, thar, as I have
before often fuggefted, ‘they are perfect Rivals, and created fuch a
Conteft, as is very uncommon, and of which I was an Ear-Witnels.
“A Gentleman of the South-Ham whole Whitfour Cyders, for the Year,
Oo were
14.2
POMONA: O@,
were very celebrated, (for our Cyder Vintages, like thofe of the
Clarets and Ports, are very different in different Years) and had been
drank of by another Gentleman, who was a happy Poffeflor, and un-
contefted Lord, facile Princeps, of the Royal Wilding, met at the Houfe
of the latter Gentleman, a Year or two after the fam’d Royal Wilding
you may be fure was produc’d, as the beft Return for the W bitfour that
had been tafted at the other Gentleman’s : And what was the Conteft >
Each Gentleman did not contend, as is ufual, that his was the Beft
Cyder ; but fuch was the Ziguilibyium of the Juices, and fuch the Ge-
nerofity of their Breafts, (for finer Gentlemen we have not in our County)
that each affirmed his own was the worft ; the Gentleman of the Soutp-
_ Ham declared in Favour of the Royal Wilding, and the Gentleman of
“Buftre. AS Pane a r YY wan
ee Oe a ee ee x
our Parts declared for the Whitfour. In the mean time, the Company
(which was publick and very numerous) could not decide the Contro-
very, becanfe (being Gentlemen of the ftriéteft Juftice) the W hitfour
was not then prefent to /peak for itfelf: But thofe who had tafted each
of them, as far as they could judge from the Reprefentations of their
Memories, remain’d under a perfect Indetermination, —
THE Manner in which the W hitfour came to fhew itfelf in its true
can-leatn—Guecheftand ftrongelt Cyders,
and thofe which have the boldeft Roughne/3, (and for any thing I know
the Cafe is the fame with a// Apple Juices) stow harder the longer they
are permitted to ftand on the Grofs-Lyes, and therefore the fooner they
are taken off from them, the more they are Sofined : we therefore chufe
to rack them from the fowler or thicker Lyes, as foon as we perceive
they are feparated in fome tolerable Manner, which (according to the
fairer or more difturbed Weather) is ordinarily in two, three, or four
Days, and the more foft you would haye your Cyder, the more
frequently you rack it to three or four Times only ; the weaker Cyder
will not bear it above twice, . Sea
BY this Method, as far as I can learn, the Whitfour was firft brought
into Repute ; and I have within thefe ten Days tafted of that Cyder,
(brought from the South-Hams) made this twelve Months, bottled Jaft
Summer, and perfectly fine, which was as faweet and mellow as tho’ it
had come that Morning from the Pound : and under all that Honey, it
had all the Roughnefs and Boldnefs which is the Glory of our Cyder :
= . | only
*
The Fruir-Garven -dduftrated.
143
only wife People would be more fparing in that firft Racking, that they
may thereby deftroy that Lafcivionfnefs which may be acceptable to a
Female or a Londoner, but is ever offenfive to a bold and generous Weft-
Saxon.
WHAT I have now faid of Racking the Whitfour holds good of all
the other better Cyders \ikewife, and is the true Reafon of the Advance
of the South-Ham Cyder into that Reputation which it hath gotten of
late Years: A fhort Account of which will not (it may be) prove un-
acceptable.
THE Claret in which our truly Loyal Gentlemen ever drank the
Church and King, was ftopp’d from Frame by the —~ Revolution :
It was impoffible they could live without Drink, and as impoflible to
have it in a fair Way (any other you know they akways fcorn’d) from
Bourdeaux: They had endured an half Famine, (that of Drink) and as
Magifter Artis Ingeniique Largitor Venter, they applied themfelves to
amprove the Produce of their own Fruit. This of frequent Racking was
the happy and fitcce/sful Thought, -by which they found their rougher
Fruits fo ~_ mended, that I make no doubt, if a free Trade with
ramce.was now ee ‘open “di. the _Import of the Sinaller Clarets would
bE ab mtyfefened, and twenty—¥ ise teesors W ren Royal Wilding
and W hitfour may Saone tay. onda, Bourdeauy: itfelf may
feel the Effects of it.
| WHILST I am {peaking to you of Racking, I muft not omit to fay,
that a Perfon in my Neighbourhood, who had the Whitfour in his Or-
chard many Years, (tho either by mixing it with other Fruits, or for
want of the Zalent of proclaiming it, he never contributed towards
raifing its Reputation) hath told me, That unlefs you watch it carefully,
and take its firt Separation from. the grofler Lyes, (which will be in a
very few Days) it is a difficule Matter ever to get it fine after. And
this perhaps would be no ill Rule to be obfery’d in all the frronger
_ Cyders ; tho’ whether this was his Cafe in a Jingle “Year only, (and
fach Cafes I know are frequently to be met with) or whether he always
found it fo, I do not remember that I enquired of him.
WHAT
144
POMON A: @,
WHAT I have now faid of Racking, (which, properly {peaking, is
drawing it from one c/ofé Cask to another) may perhaps be as qwell, if
not better, practis'd (and I know it to be the Practice of many Gen-
tlemen) by getting a very large open Vat or Kieve, which will contain
a whole Pounding of Cyder, and the Punmice, as we call it, (that is,
the grofér Parts of the Pulp of the Apples, which will, tho’ frain’d
at the Pound thro’ a Range, mix with the Juice) you fhall find in lefs
than a Day to rife at the Top, and in a Day or two more at moft, to
grow very thick ; and as foon as little white Fermentations break thro’ it,
(about the Largenefs of the Yop of your Finger) they prefently draw it
off under at a Foflet-Hole ; if you fuffer it to continue longer, all the
Head, which is then become a thick Cruft, will fink away at the Bottom,
and this ferves inftead of the firft Racking : But by letting your Cyder
continue longer or lefs Time on thefe Lyes in the clofé Casks, you may
harden or foften it at your Pleafure, as you likewife may by frequent
after Rackéngs ; but this is a Method which the weaker Cyders will not
endure, (as is before faid) ome or tayo Rackings at moft is all they can
‘bear, they have not Body and Spirit enough to undergo any more fuch
Expences as that Operation doth unavoidably creare.
THERE is one Thing not yet taken Notice of in thefe Cydets,
which concerns their Age, and the Time of their continuing good. The
moft frequent Commendation you meet with of other Cyders, is, that
they will keep three, four, or (rather than fail) feven Years ; but I muft
own I never yet tafted any Cyder, but what was bef, and in the greatest
Perfection, the firft Year : I have indeed heard of Cyder, (and ‘parti-
cularly fome Crab-Cyder) which is not drinkable the jirft Year, but
mellow -and groweth excellent the fécond or third ; but I never had the
Pleafure of making the Experiment ; however, (unlefs there be fome
fuch s/]-natur'd Cyders as are a Noli me tangere the firit Years) I will
venture to fay the Royal Wilding and W. hitfour will keep good as long as
any other ; tho I mutt repeat it, they are never as good in any of the
following Years as they are the firft, | i
LET
=
Lhe Frvurt-Garpven Muftrated.
145
LET me; to clofe the Account of thele two Liquors, affure you,
that I have heard them authoritatively intitled the Devonfhire Stire ; 1
have feen Bourdeaux and even Burgundy ftand melancholy and negheted
before them ; and I have heard W bite Wine called for to cool nie
Cyders.
AND fo much for Royal Wilding and bier. You defired to be
alfo inform’ d of the Mediate, ot (as our common People pronounce it)
Meadeate. The Apple itfelf hath been fent you, and therefore I fay
nothing of its Size, Figure, °c. only I muft tell you (which I fhould
alfo have faid of the Whitfour) that it is a weryconftant and plentiful
Bearer every other Yeaty and maketh a very handfome (tho’ no exceeding
large) Tree, nor (if I miftake not) is it as liable to ob pet as moft
other Trees aes
THE E Juices of it have all the Body and Roughnep of the two ice
Cyders before fpoken of, and make good Advances to the fame Golden
Colour ; but, alas! want the perfecting and diftinguifbing Flavour of
thofe Unparalle ds: Nor when made by itfelf is ic ever (or' very tarely
es. bat and ait od not hd — Att as I could hever yet be a
Ret-of gore be drunk Wp Fat 282 ACE tafle-forne Cyder
fea toa Genital for "Prelene “heh Was id to be All of ‘this Sort,
and which might vie with the beft Royal Wilding or Whitfour ; but had
I been to talk with ‘the Maker ‘himfelf, Ii imagine I fhould have found
there: was a ‘Mixture of other Fruit with it’: This is fure; chat by Means
of its Noble Body, and excellent Roughnefs; it is a molt waluable Apple,
and becomes an excellent Ingredient i in Cydet,; efpecially difcreetly forted
with Fruit of a brisker and qiicker Nacuré.-.
- ['T: js commonly faid to have its Name from a ‘Meadow Gate, heat
which the original Plant (the happy Parent of this Jaudable Apple) firt
flood; for in the vulgar Dialeé&t of our Country, we call a Meadow
Mend, (I know not how to convey to you the’ tiue Sound of that laft
Spelling) and by the fame Way of {peaking we call a Gate a Yeate, (as
the Lawyers write yeoven fot given) and thefe Words put together in our
common Pronunciation _ will afford en which is eafily pafled
P52 a into
POMONA: O,
into Meadeate, and that as eafily into (what the better Sort ufually
pronounce it) Mideate, tho’ whether it be the Faé or only the Invi-
tation and Facility of the Etymology, that gave occafion to this Account
of it, I cannot take upon me to affirm; only I am more inclin’d to
think che /atter, becaufe I never hear the Farmer, or Effate, or Parifp,
or even the Part of the South-Hams mention’d, (for ‘tis faid to be ori
ginally of that Country) where this Tree, or this Gate, or this Meadow
was, or how long fince it begun to be propagated ; all which we can
point out of the Royal Wilding, as you have before feen.
THE Apple hath been long known ; it is common in the Orchards
of feveral Farmers, (but of more Gentlemen) tho’ until of late there
were but few of thofe Farmers that fet any great Value on them.
THESE are the three Sorts of Apples, in our County, which do-as
yet carry the greateft Reputation for Cyder. You defire of me further,
an Account of fome Wildings of my own, which yielded a Liquor that
was talked of every where, about three Years fince; and in that alfo I
fhall endeavour to gratify you. They were the Produce of fome
Kernels of the Red-ftreak Apples, which, when fit to be tranfplanted, I
‘et round two of the Fields near my Houle, (ince tured into Orchards)
wit r them : nerality of them (whether cramp'd
by the adjoining Hedges or not, I cannot really fay) make but a fall
Tree : the Fruit of them is various, moftly very finall, (as al] Waldings —
ufually are, but the fmaller the Apple in Reafon, the Letter the Cyder,
is a conftant Rule among us) and generally ftreak’d with Red, and
many of them (I mean the Produce: of feveral of the Trees} not very
much wnlike, for from the Kernels of the Jelf-fame Apples, you know
we have always very different Sorts of Fruit. : Rig
BESIDES fome other Differences of lofi Note to be oblery'd in
thefe Waldings ; the Fruit of fome few of the Trees is confiderably
Jarger than that of the Generality of the others, (avhich like smoft
Wildings is (mall) and fome of them are more ftreak’d with Red-than
a
The Fruiut-Garven Jluftrated. 147
I HAD no Opportunity of making a Trial of them by themfelves,
until the memorable Year 1724. and then they afforded me a whole
Pipe of the Liquor ; which, when Racked and Fined, about February,
to my no fmall Pleafure plainly, in the Opinion, and to the Admiration
of every one as well as my felf, ravifh’d the Palm from the Royal
Wilding. \t had every one of the Qualities of that Cydet, and fome
of them to greater and manifeft Degrees of ‘Excellency ; the Flavour of
it in particular was finer and more delicate. A Name was therefore to
be thought of for this young Fondling ; and it was well (as you will
fee prefently) this Care was taken at that Time: A Gentleman conifiilted
on the important Occafion (was well acquainted-with Mr. Woolcombe be-
fore-mention’d) had many Times, to promote Converfation, rallied him
_on the Subject of his new Difcovery of ‘the Royal Wilding, (of which,
however, he was a great Admirer) and was now refolv'd to exceed him
there refted fecure, as Mr. Prior did in ‘his own Pedigree from Adam
and Eve, : BRET OE | ea
Let Bourbon or Naffan go bigher.
NOR are you to be furpriz'd if you think this Title fer it above
the celebrated Neftar which was in thofe upper Regions formerly drank
ae By the Gods themfelves : for befide that, if the Truth was known, 1
am fatisfied none of them ever drank a Drop of fuch Liquor in: their
Lives = You ate to confider thefe were Heathen Gods, and therefore we
did not make the leaft Scruple to affront them. This you may believe
* created a Smile: but afterwatd another Gentleman, in Allufion to the
“Mame of my Houle, (which is Pynes) and to the common Story of the
_“Wep-India Pyne Apple, which is {aid tobe the fine Fruit in che World,
and to reprefent every other fine and exquifite Flavour that is known,
determin’d it fhould be called the Pyne Apple = and by either of thefe
Names
- et
ho PO MO'N Av Or,
Names indifferently it is talked of, (for, alas! it is long fince drank out,
not hath any other bountiful Year as yet yielded fuch a Supply) when
Pleafantry and Converfation bring the Remembrance of it on the Table,
which will ever be done until fome nappy saldn fhall again bring more
of the Liquor it {elf there.
a:
I HAD almoft a to tell you, tas Mr. Wooltombe himfelf was
fummon'd to the Conteft betwixt this upftart Wilding, as he thought ir,
and his own Roya/ one. ‘The Suprize (and even almoft Si/ence) with
which. he. was feized at firft tafting it, was. plainly perceiv'd by. every
one prefent, and occafion’d «no. {mall Diverfion : He did not toundly
pronounce it better chan the. Royal: Wilding, but he fpent a great deal
of his Cyder Knowledge in fhewing the Reafons why i it might well be
expected that the Juices of. chis: Collection of Wildings, fhould be pre-
ferable to, that made from any ingle Wilding, fo great, is the Force of
Truth : Andy this. was. al] that was inf; ifted on (and more, than was ex
petied from him) at that, Time, as well .in.zegard to the Allowances
there ought to be made to the Piety, of being Fond and Tender of one's
own Progeny, as to chis veal Merit in. itil difcover'd and promoted
that other admirable a and ae excellent Apple. .. :
bao? ag a 4 bey aS Eo back
“ia = ee A n nnew | "detra gai ak Tele
iy my own es i = you; < al why I faid it was happy that
the Ceeleftial Title was affigned to it in the Funtture of its being in, the
Cask : for after it was Bottled, and the Advance of the Year had rais’d
it, the Juices appeared: thinuer than thofe_ of the Royal Wilding. It
- partook too much of the Rarefattion of hole Superior Regions from °
- whence it had luckily before gotten its Name : It.continu’d indeed very —
-excellent..and. admirable. Cyder,., but. was. too ‘brisk, or rather, if you.
will, frisking, whilft the Royal Wilding prefervd all its Native Majefty
and Solemnity ; and from that Time was rse-eftablifh’d inthe full and
peaceable: Pofleffion ge the am sean to” the no® {mall -Comfor of Mr.
Woolcombe.
“YOU will your, fae take. wae ~~ he: a eee my” W ‘Lisa
cannot be promoted as the Royal Wilding: hath been, becaule this latter
being bur a fingle Apple, became eafi ily propagated ; whereas to.,.make
this Sees of mine, one Graft from each Tree in the C olleétion muft De
had,
I
i Aa oo P ‘
The ‘Fe tr. Ganpen a
had, and put on : Whether any one of thefe y ingly would make fuch
Cyder, I much queftion, (that it would make very good I do not doubt)
not can I fay whether among them there may be one or more, which,
if tried eparately, might afford a Juice equal (or fuperior) to that of
any other Apple hitherto known : I have not yet examin’d them fo ex-
attly as to find any Reafon for fingling out any of them to make fuch
Experiment, or if Thad, you know it rene be a long Courfe of Years
to difcover the Event...» « “;. » es
I HAVE ee planted out two Orchards with Wild ings fromthe
Kernels (or Pips-as.we call them), of the Royal WAlding, the Trees
* that they’ have not yet afforded me Opportunity for
att Experiment : "The Fraie pa any of them have hitherto fhewn,
feems to lay a good Foundation for Expettation. Wildings of one
Sort or another, will, for the. future, be I believe chiefly cultivated
among us; and would Gentlemen fow the Kernels of the Red- -ftreak
in seein as I did, I fee not why they might not reafonably pro-
mife themfelves the /ike Succels ; and- would they now and then give
themfelves the Trouble to promote any one of their Wildings, that to
wethe Tate feemeth to bid fair Serer p Pee of them for sever a
Il know nolawhat" Diprene somight be iin
who can lays eee may . s
mona, an Offspring that may equal, or even exceed, the Royal Wilding
or Whitfour themfelves, fince the Sorts of mew Apples that are to
be raifed from Kernels, are, as I before fuggefted, plainly Numberle(s.
TO make this Account of - our Cyders as complete as I can, I
muft in the laft Place mention to you another Sort, which hath not
been heard of among us more than fix or feven Years: The Name
of it 1s Cockagee, or Cackagee, (for the Word, as far as I can learn,
is Lrifh, in which I, as well as you, am no Critick): The Fruit is ori-
ginally ftom Ireland, and the Cyder much valued in that Country :
About fixteen or eighteen Years fince (if I am rightly’ informed) it was
firft brought over, and promoted about Minehead in Somerfet/hire.
Some Gentlemen of that County have got enough of it now to make
five, fix, or eight Hogfheads a Year of the Cyder ; and fuch -as have
to {pare from their own Tables, fell, I am, told, from four to eight
Pounds an Hogthead.
Qq Uk GEN-
149
150
POMON A, &c.
- 1 HAVE late
A GENTLEMAN (favourd me fo far as to bring fome of the
Apples from Ireland, but by the time I had an Opportunity of feeing
them, they were fo decay’d, that I cannot defcribe them to you. The
Cyder is of the Colour of Sherry, (or rather of French White Wine)
and every whit as fine and cleat: I have tafted of it from two feveral
Orchards of Somerfét/bire s and the Gentlemen juft now mention’d
brought fome of the Cyder, as well as the Apples, from Ireland :. Ie
hath a more vinous Tafte than any Cyder I ever drank ; and as the Sight
might deceive curious Eye for Wine, fo I believe re T: afte might pals
an incurious Palate for the Same Liquors. It feemeth.alfo to be very
fpirituous, and would I believe, if experimented, foon intoxicate, but
wanting the generous Roughne(s, and even the fine and delicate Flavour,
(notwithftanding its vinous Relifh) as alfo the full Body of our Royal
Wilding and Whitfour ; it is, in my Opinion, (and in that of far the
greater Part of thofe Gentlemen I have ever talked with) by many
Degrees inferior to thofe Cyders of our County, and particularly lelfs
acceptable to the Palate, and \els grateful tr=che Stomach.
have théy-yer Time “enoug ) , | 2, hone ae ah |
make with me. 1 may perhaps shather § Year fet on more of them, but
I aflure you for Curiofity only, and becaufe the Cyder is talked of 5 not
sai ay other Ufe I ever intend to make oF them, I am,
| Pes Sami ue ir moft 5 ana Friend.
aed bumble rua
HUGH STAFFORD.
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