POMONA funy OR, THE (lakes. Fruit-Garden Muftrated eg ee ee a ee ee nee f 2 Ui ae Containing SURE Metuops for Improying alt the __. Beft Kinds of FRUITS Now EXTANT in : | CALCULATED FROM _ . Great Variety of EXPERIMENTS made in all ‘ Kinds of SOILS and ASPECTS. WHEREIN “* The Manner of Raifing Younc Stocks, Grafting, Paine Planting, @'c. axe clearly and fully demonftrated. With DIRECTIONS, IV. RULES for the Tu1nnine of their gyoung-fer Fruits, fo as to leave no more than Nature can ftrongly fupport, and ripen in the greateft Perfection, I, For PRuNiING 5; wherein the Reafons, Manner, sedi Confequences thereof are clearly that the Branches Of FRU: 7 4. For Pre, ee yoene FavitTs, ; be laid upon ie Walls, : are sa forth Benes ime of cir = moft important and ufeful Difcovery, unknown ||" “Mateerity.— kom | ee to Gardeners in general. ‘HI VI..To give them ther “true “Tafte and Colour Bee when fully grown, 'Seafon of Ripening, Manner Ill. For Preservine their Bloffoms from ee &e. of Gathering, Preferving, &c. ee the Injuries of Frofis, Winds, - Likewife feveral Prattical OBSERVATIONS on the Imbibing Power ~ _ and Perfpirations of Fruit-Tre ES ; the feveral Effects of Heat and Moifture tending to the Growth and Maturity of Frurrs. 0 which is added, A Curious Account of the Moft Valuable Cyprr-Fruirs of DevonsHire. The Whole Illuftrated with above Three Hundred Drawines of the Several Fruit $5 Curioufly Hagravert on Seventy-nine large Folio Plates. By BATIY LANGLEY of Toiceant L 0 N ‘D oO Be gee | Printed fe G. Srraman in Cornbill ; R. Gosttne, W. Meaxs, F. Cray, D. Browne, B. Morre, and L. GILLiveR, near Temple-bar; J.St Ace in Wefminfier-Hall ; J-Ossor te. at Gray’s-Inn Gate ; and C. Dayts in Pater-Nofer-Row. M.pcc.xxrx. fe : 7 Mo. Bot. Garden, nes ee ; Nghe oe : i tose YOON re Dee ewe Le ke ee ee Moft Excellent Majetty. sath & OU i Majefty’s “known Goodnets; * and exquifite Knowledge in Horti- culture, I, humbly. hope will excufe fo] my Prefamption | in Dedicating to 1. Your moft Sacred. Majefty the en- fuing Work ; “which 1 am bold to 7s is an “accurate Reprefentation of Vegetable Na- ture in her various. Productions of the moft Y Fruits now extant in this Nation: Wherein her gra- dual Operations, thro’ their feveral Degrees of Gonk. | to their Maturity, are exactly delineated and defcrib’d. Pag 240 iV DEDICATION. ite TO attempt ‘a Pourtraiture of Your Majefty’s Ulluftrious Character, would be an Undertaking fupe- rior to the greateft Genius, and intirely inexcufable in one who has made thefe humble, though ufeful, Studies, his principal Employment, and has no _ Capacity, befides an honeft Zeal and fincere Loyalty, “for fo arduous a Task. SS ™ — - ie ' BUT as we, wi have the Happinef to live in Your moft aufpicious Reign, behold united in Your Sacred Majefty the Perfections and Virtues of all our moft Glorious Queens Your Royal Predeceflors ; it would be in fome meafure unpardonable to omit any Opportunity to exprefs our Gratitude for the Bleflings heap’d upon us by Your Goodnefs, _WHILEMMSIGE Majelty, our molt gracious Sovereign, imploys his important Cares for the Hap. pinefs and Profperity of his People, both at Home and Abroad, in order to fecure to them their Rights and Privileges, and to- preferve and extend the Benefits of their Trade-and Commerce, and is the Arbiter of Europe : You, Mavam, powerfully recommend to all Your Subjects, by Your own bright Fxample, the great.Concerns of Religion and Virtue, and the Duties of a Phiyate and Domeftick Life. = “ALS BE pees DEDICATION. BE it the Task of a more elevated Genius to tranfmit to Pofterity the Illuftrious Graces of Your Majefty’s “Publick Charaéter, together with the Ex- emplarinefs of Your Conjugal Affection, and Maternal Care of Your Royal Offspring (the future Hopes and Happinefs of this Kingdom) ; Your profound Know- ledge in all Parts of Divine and Human Learning; — Your Exemplary Piety, and that Gracious Affability and Condefcénfion® to-all who have the Honour of approaching Your Royal Perfon, which is peculiar to Your Majefty: _ ae a * WHILE I indulge myfelf in the pleafing Affu- vance, That to a Mind fo exalted by Nature, and improved by Study, the Contemplation of the Works of the Great-Gxrraror,.difplay’d in the beautiful Pr oductions of Vegetative Nature,—contein’d—in the %: copious Syftem of Planting and Gardening, will be an agreeable Entertainment, when Your more arduous ‘Affairs will permit Your Majefty to enjoy the calm and peaceful Sweets of Solitude and Retirement. THIS agreeable Affurance emboldens me to lay before: Your: Majefty the following Obfervations and Experiments on the choiceft Fruits which ate pro- duc’d in thefe Kingdoms: The right Ordering whereof being well underftood, will render them Mature and Wholefome, V1 ee DE DEG AT ION. Wholefome, and not a little contribute to the Health of Your People. | oF THAT Your Majefty may long continue an Ornament to the Royal Dignity, an Example to Your Sex, the Delight of Your Subjects, and Admiration of Europe, is the fervent Prayer of, PS ey * — . Sa May itypleae Your Majesty, Your Mayefty’s moft Dutzful, And mot Loyal Subjel, oe Peer ree Oi ee ag ee ee eee ee ee eae eRe SLL Ds Ait ae eile siti wcll is a cll , eee eomea| L THO our fhady Walks, Avenues, Groves, Wilderneffes, Grotto’s, Fountains, Canals, @c. (of avbich I bave en- Bai) deavourd to gratify the Curious with great Variety of Plans, after aGrand and move Ruval Manner than has been done before, in my New Principles of Gardening Jately publifo'd) may be guftly pro- portion d, and truly executed in all their Parts, yet sf they ave not em~ bellifh’d with the beft Kinds of Fruits now extant in England, it cannot be faid but that they are vaftly fhort of thofe Beauties which make them truly Grand and Noble, as well as Profitable and Delightful. LE we do — nis a. the 1 various Forms and Colours of the Lids of Fruite Tees, ¢ and compare vith Fore, oft-Trees, it el be s jeunes that thofe of Fruit-Trees are —— < beat | their beautiful Bloffoms, with avhich they are aillien’ d in the Spring, their Fruits which fucceed, and their Leaves alfo, with the bare Leaves of Foreft-Trees only, “tis evident that there's no manner of Comparifon between them. BUT it is not to be underftood, that becaufe the Beauties of Fruit Trees ave fuperior to thofe of Foreft- Trees, that therefore Foreft-Trees are to be rejetted, and not veceiv'd in our Gardens. And fince that | Fruit-Trees ave known to be beautiful as well as profitable, ‘tis therefore that I advife the Planting of them qwith Foreft-Tr rees, in Wilderneffes, and other Rural Parts of Gardens, that their various agreeable Mix- tures of Leaves and Fruits, may not only delightfully entertain the Eyes of the Bebolders, as they pafs thre the feveral Meanders thereof, but their Tafte alfo. [b] _ BESIDES, * Vill The PREFACE: BESIDES, from Plantations of this Kind, there always arife great Profits, (exclufive of the aforefaid Pleafures) as for Inftance, Apples and Pears produce good Cyder and Perry ; Goofeberries and Currants good Wine ; Cherries and Rasbervies fine Mixtures in Brandy, &c. befides the many Services in the Kitchen for Tarts, &c. all which are very ferviceable and advantageous to a Family, and therefore is moft humbly recommended to the Confideration of the Fudicious. ASTI have thus advifed the Planting of fuch Fruits which ripen very well in the open Air ; namely, Cherries, Plumbs, Pears, Apples, Strawberries, Rasberries, Goofeberries, Currants, doc. I (hall now pro- cced to fily fomething relating to the moft defired Fruits, namely, thofe produced againft Walls..< eet Ba ig | THE moft valuable Wall-Fruits in England, ave Cherries, Plumbs, Apricots, Peaches, Grapes, Figs, and Pears, of which we have a very great Variety, that ave truly good, when well order’d, in kind Seafous 5 But, to the great Misfortune of moft of our Nobility and Gentry, ’tis very feldom that they have any that are truly good, when Seafons are kind, notwithftanding the very: great Expences they are at, except by an Accident, when Nature berfelf has atted the Part of a judicious Gar- dener ; and the Reafons thereof wholly unknown to the Gardener under atte zs es 2 ee eh ee ee Sa CS — he ee IT is as impoffible that Fruits can be mature and vipen’ Ait these greateft Perfettion, when their Fuices are full of Crudities, that Be confind in them for want of a free Perfpiration, as it is for Nature equally to fupport ten Dozen of Peaches, &c. with the fame Nourifh- ment as when there is but a Dozen and balf, or two Dozen at moft : But this is not the dirett Fault of Gardeners, for as there’s no = them now im England, (the ingenious Mr. Miller of the Phyfick Garden at Chelfea excepted) that knows (or ever thought) of Crudities being comtain.d in the Juices of Fruits, which, when confin'd, caufe = Taftes to-be watery and infipid ; or that fiuch Crudities are difcharged by Perfpiration, (very few of whom know the Meaning of the Word) they ave not to be blamed for what they never knew, and thevefore ’tis no wonder that bad Fruits have been annually produced in great Quantities, even avhen oe : Eee eae ere poe eon. aE ee te ee The PREFACE. ix avhen Seafons were very kind. And as the Perfpiration of Fruits is a new Difcovery, their paft Errors are pardonable ; but for the future ’tis expetted, that they are no more prattifed, and the following ftrittly — executed, whereby every Gentleman will receive bis Fruits in the utmoft Perfettion, that bis Soil and the Seafon can produce. THE following Works ave, in general, Matters of Fatt, digefted in fuch a Manner as to be read by every one that defires to know the Reafons and Conféequences of all their Operations, which I bumbly conceive will be no lefs Delightful than Profitable 5 the Whole being a new Segpe of Nature, wherein her wonderful Methods of Working, thro out her varéous Produttions, ave fully demonftrated, in a concife and eafy Manner, cal- culated to the Underftanding of the meaneft Capacity, as well as the moft Polite and Learned. herein, i "TIS very probable, that, at the firft Sight hereof, Gardeners may be unwilling to depart from their old, uncertain, conceited Methods, believing themfelves either too old, or too well learned, to learn more than they already know 5 or may imagine, that what is bere offéved for their Improvements, may be bare Chimera’s only, lke unto all which has dees wrote on this Subjett by Theovical Gardeners, who never bad (or were bred d to) ee ttice But pokes f they avill but age read, foon aa Opinions 7 ai T is a very great Miftake and Misfortune, when Noblemen and — Gentlemen cannot be fix'd with good Gardeners; but are always changing, and very often from a bad to a worfe, which at firft is not. diftover'd, till _fome terrible Stroke is made among the Fruit-Trees, —_ to tbe utter Ruin of them, and then ‘tis too fore to be retvieveds THERE is a certam Kind of People j in Pinhead aul fae been employ’ d in the labouring Part of Gardening, perbaps but for one Month only, will then put on Aprons, and call themfelves Gardener's, tho’, at the fame time, they in falt ave no more shim W wap a Men, ana very ise br worthy of that Office. | BY Th PREFACE. BY that time that thefe Sort of People have comtinu'd in fuch Em- ploys about the Space of a Year, they begin to enquire what Gentlemen avant Gardeners ; and as foon as they hear of any, away they go and offer their Service, faying, that they are true-bred Gardeners ; that they help’d to make fuch a Nobleman’s Garden ; nay, very often will have the Impudence to fay, that they a€tually made it, tho’ but a W heel-barrow Man at.moft, as I obferv'd before ; and to clofe up the Whole, make ufe of the Name of fome eminent Nurfery-Man, or Gardener, under whom they fay they were inftrutted, tho’ perhaps they are wholly unknown to bim ™ AND if they. can by any means come to know what Wages the laft Gardener was paid, they alayays ask much lefs 5 that is, if the former Gardener ferv'd for 20 \. per Ann. they will ferve for 15, 12, 10, nay, for 8, rather than ftand out ; and upon that Account have been very often employ'd. NOW when a Gentleman bas firft been at a great Expence in building new Walls, purchafing Trees, preparing the Soil, planting them ; and afterwards five or fix Years Expences in their Ordering, undev the Government of a good Gardener, and is then in Hopes, and a fair Way of vecerving good Store of Fruits for bis Expencesandduabour; why then, perhaps upon (ome.txifingAccomt—or—otber, the Gardener who ee ful State, is diftharged, and hianted ay sucht them anto that jine se ae liv ae a J e afor one of th begins either to cut or flay, without either Fear or Wit, or otherawi fe fiffers them to grow im fuch diforderly Manner, that after one fingle Year's Growth, ‘tis not im the Power of a skilful Pruner to recover them to the fame State, as when they were Jirft committed into the Hands of their Executioner, under the Space of three or four Years at the leaft. OF thefe Pretenders we have great Numbers annually imported from the Northern Parts, who very probably might in time be as good Gardeners as any in England, bad they but Modefty enough to be awell infirutted by our Englifh Gardeners, before they attempt fuch Under- takings. & | IT Bhi eit 2 : Are tees * ise CO eS Wee ed Cres faid Pretenders received into his Place, who immediately — ee ee ee EY Pepe Pe a ee ee a ee TT ee en er eee al ania The RR ERA GB. . XL IT is alfo a very great Miftake in Gentlemen, who Lett their Gardens to be kept by the Year, to Undertakers, who generally Lett them again to Gardeners under them, at fuch very low Rates, that, to fave them-— elves, they ave forc'd to flight and hurry over every Part in the very wort Manner, to the great Prejudice of well-planted Gardens. AT Twickenham, in the County of Middlefex, is an Inftance of this Kind, where it unhappily falls out, that the very beft Garden of that County, nay, I may juftly fay the only one in England ; for fuch another curious Colleétion of valuable Fruits is not be found in one Garden in this Kingdom ; is made a Sacrifice thereby : And I am credibly inform d by a Labouter thereof, that the Gardener. who now has the Care of it, under the Undertaker, attempted, the Loft | Winter, to lett the Pruning and Nailing of thofé moft valuable Wall-Fruits to the Labourers, at L. lk eal ee Rod. I MUST confe fi that I was Cewd to hear it, for finer Trees are mot in England ; and the Price being fo very finall, the Labourers could not undertake the Work, and thereby they eftaped, in Part, the Fury of oe unskilful Knife. However, to difpatch them in as expeditious a Manner as po ble, the yore’ were ft to Work by the Day, and efi 1 i 0 ther OPS “Difcres the ey knenw sepetie f the Matter, any more than making Fucoth Walls, Tay they fucceede not knowing the Bloffom-Buds from the Leaf-Buds, they cut away the greateft Part of the Fruits : So that during this Manner of Keeping, there bas been very few, or fcarcely any Fruits in the whole Garden, notwithftanding that it confifts of upwards of Twenty Acres, and did feldom or never fail of being very fruitful before. IF I may may be permitted to give my Opinion, with Relation to the Pruning of Fruit-Trees in large Gardens, I humbly conceive that their Pruning is the divett Bufinefs of the Head Gardener bimfelf, and no other Perfon whatfoever, excepting that any of his Underlings have been avell in firutted therein, who may then, under bis Eye, perform a Part thereof. For one experienc'd Pruner will perform more Work in one Seafon, than any Nobleman or Gentleman's Table can require: and theres fore when unskilful People (as aforefaid) are employ'd in fuch hess either be} by XU The FPR EF A GE. Ly the Indifiretion of the Gardener under whom they Work, or thro’ his Idlenefs, the Gentleman whom they ferve, is certain of being greatly in- jucd, and very often bis Trees ave totally vuin'd thereby. WHEN Gentlemen are determin'd to Lett the Keeping of their Gar- dens by the Year, *tis much to their Advantage, to Lett them to the Gar- deners themfelves, who are employd on the Spot, and not to Undertakers, who muft have a Fleece out of the Yearly Allowance for doing nothing : therefore my Advice is, That fome reputable Gardener be chofen, and the annual Sum in Grofs allow d him ; for then whatever happens amifs he is wholly anfiwerable for it. wy Way of proceeding, the Gentleman will be fuve of having no Pies for Excufes for want of Help ; he will be fure of keeping bis moft valuable Fruits, Flowers, Roots, and Plants, in bis cwn Garden, which many Undertakers are very apt to take a Liking to, And, in a Word, af Bufine/s is to be well done im this Manner, it muft certainly be beft when the Gardener reaps the whole Gain that is allow d fr bis Labour, and Expences therein. THUS much by Way of Caution, with Refpeét to the Bufinefs of Pruning and Keeping of Gardens ; I now vecommend you to Praétice, clad is ‘ie declared in the Phase 9 cbt KS Twickenbam, Fut T hee aii aas Batty Lanctey. AN Se Xill A N boeN se De eX OF THE Principal A Folio Sagan BELE 47 ‘9 »- Admirable Peach Eatly, 103 Late 106 4ir, a Principle of Vepeigbles ¢ Alberge Peach 104 heb Peach , ibid. Anne Peach . 100 Apples, how propagated 33, 34 Table of the beft Kinds 134 : Proper Soils 2 Apricots Kinds\ Orange Turky. Bruxel Proper Soils... . «2589 ‘How propagated ne es oe Beft againft North-weft and South-weft Walls On what Wood produced». 88 Diftance to be planted at 60 When, and howto bethin’d 77 Diftance to ripen at 79 When to be gathered 163-82 . How eaten oe Afpetts, Lyte apes North-eaft ibid. Eaft. 2 ..-- 43) 44 South-eaft 44 South , 46 South-weft 45 » Weft EY ail North-weft ihn 45 North ~ ibid, Autumn Fruits, When to gather 83 “te Matters. B Folio Baking Pears 133 Barren Lands how help’d 47 Bafons, tomake about new planted’ Trees 49 Black. Damofine Plumb 94. Black Pear Plumb 96 Black fweet- water Grape 114 Black currant Grape ibid. Black Frontinac Grape 115 Black Muskadine Grape 114 Bloody Peach 107 Blue Fig 118 Blue Perdrigon Plumb 93 es om Buds, inj irious to qeaine at 66 Ro Bheding-Heart | herry 86 Blights 74 Boggy Lands, how drained 32 Bonum Magnum Plumb 95 Bordine Peach > 102 Branches next the Roots of Trees, perifh when too many in Number, by want of a free Perfpiration 2 25 Branches, their Growth Their Diftance, that they fhould be kept from each other, {0 as to ph a free Perfpiration 4, 66 To. be frefh nailed every Year, a 66 why. Soper Thofe in a healthy and fruitful State, _. are preferyed by early pruning. 67 "Thofe that are weak are ftrengthned by early pruning ibib, Thofe that are Iuxurious are checked by late pruning ibid. Their Hab my. fome muft be >>> prun ibid. _ Why 2a are not to be pruned 68 B ties “Ne PD ROX Folio Brick Grape 114 Brookes Peach 104. Bruxel Apricot 89 Brunian Nettorine 103 Buds their Nature I - Their Number in a Stock Which are to be difplaced, and when fs 3 Burdock. Peach 106 C Carnation Cherry 86 Catherine Plumb 94 Catherine Peach 7, 107 Canada Grape 114 Cerney Perdrigon 93 Chefton Plumb “as sOid. per Their Soils er How propagated Stones how ordered before and at fowing 35 ~ par _Diftance to be planted at... 60 > When ripe So RE . When to be eaaeet: - sabid. When to be SEER jabid. Gions, How to cut ! 38, 39 To place on the Stock a) Clay, how generated. > ke To plant therein 31 Clufter Gra IT4 if Gra + . F116 Cockagee,, an Irifo Cyder Apsile 149 Cuttings, How to order 33 , When to plas a Pe 3, Tnoculationy how 1ofen - 40,4 * When to be taken from ‘the. “o> Mother Trees : a Currants) | woe ool woe th D Dew, the Cidiity that falls in Auta 12 Dew and Rain, that fall in a Year 20 Digging eae Diapre Plumb Yellow 94 Double Troy Peach 103 Drab @ or Plumb 94 Dutch Elm “= ay Ae Dwarf Ties how ordered at planting ee ‘ow pruned ibid. Duke Cherry — 71 _ Remarks on the. Produétion of j its Soe ibid. Dutch Currant - — eet <3 4 Folio E Earth the Kinds 5 A Principle of Vegetables The Quantity of Moifture con- tained Meret 7 Eaft Wall = ma Eaftern Winds injurious to Fruits in Bloffom 46 Early Admirable Peach ~ 103 Efpaliers how planted 59 Exhalation 74 Experiments To prove the Quantity of Moifture in different Depths of Soils _ To prove the Quantity of Moifture evaporated in a Day, from the Surface of one fuperficial Foot of Land, more than falls in Dew at Night 12 _ To prove the Quantity evaporated _ ina Day from an Acre 13 To prove the Reafon of Pruning the Heads .of Trees atthe Time .of _» planting ji s Second Experiment... 2 Manner and Seafon of expofing Horfé e-chefnut 7 them. to the Sun when fully Holmans Duke Cherry 6 own 80 _ Unfipid and why t \ Time and Manner of cuts 82 I “How preferved in the Con- Sean-bative Plumb go fervatory 84 “Imperial Plumb" gt Fruits ripen fooner or later, according to Imperatrice Plumb *” 95 . the different Nature of the Soil ibid. “Iparchin 40 Whitey. Inoculation. ibid. Black fina Grape’ | o>) - 115 “Infeéts how deftroyed 76 Grizel} zeulv \ Italian Peach wee? 107 . i Ttalian Nectarine Ci he ag | ‘Faly Grape sail 113 Gardeners 1oage) oh 15 Their common Method of ordering Kernels of Fmits, how ordered before’ ruit Trees has and at the Time of fowi 35 Their feveral erroneous Methods of Their Seatah of perfeCting © 8 {pruning Their eqrosibics aaiods of nailing , eS ag ; - sii Branches of Fruit. Trees ;/ ibid. L | rP | eir Error in pruning the Fig Tree: 72 a Their Error in aif eving Frac Hs Land prepare fo planting, 2A? Gafcoigne Cherry | 86 Leaves 0 Sin rees : arwteyt Golden Neétarine oe 103 big iad by 29, 74 Goole oo ee * isa Attracting Nouri ment. 69 ae Ga age Se mes bid, Ase the main excretory Duéts ibid. : sy Sk ee oo ? ors Wid rep in Magnitude Ted ‘ ; G - Gin the Sin ia aati ably to the Growth fs) a igcis: A ea When ne Hy and why 7 Placed againft Buds, and why ibid. Ee be watered in the Spring, when he Seafon'is dry - Leaf-buds to be chofen for to per at 68 Lime-Tree ‘47 Loam, how re 2 London Plu C go Lukeward Cherry 86 Lightning 74 Luxuriancy Stopt 57, 63, 67, 130 M Magdalene Peach ; whi . é 100 Majculine Apricot - 88 Maitre Claude Plumb — 93 Matchlefs Plumb, sae OOD ibid Malacotune o 900 107 May Cherry A 85, 86 Meadiate Apple 0 20 145 Mice Injurious STF 119 35 Mirable Plumb, White 93 [dj] Minion IN ox XVI D Folio . . Minion Peach hor - Moifture neceflary for Plants: Raifed by the attractive Power of the Sun; il And by the attractive Force of Vegetables ibid. Imbibed by Plants at theix Roots. 22 Imbibed by Plantsat their sibbetee 23 How raifed 74 Morello Cherry ‘Morifco Cherry _Morocco Plumb Mogule Plumb ae ¢ + acl Peach \kO2 ulberiies 125 Kinds ‘ 33 How propagated 125 Mushadine See jack 4 Qo dawg = Mufcat mir: _ - i; N ae ] — ing, when and how ie. be truly : performed © : Oi * PRESS: 4 Os Oy etfarines PSH toast “Qs inds eT #02, 103 Newington Peach. fou" = i Nobles Peach ALS! 101 North, kfpec 45 eee cesta Bx | 45 t= ow cane ssonbbony « a ay oe ie nS oONG a Orchards « on 7 the 2 Southefides of Rivers, ¢, the. humid: Steams, as they. ne ets by the Sun << Orange Apricot 7 89 Oxleans Plumb QI ¢ P 4 Pavies <> : 109 Pavy Royal Peach 105 Pafs-violet 103 Parfley Grape 114 Peaches their Soil , +2 How propagated 33, 34 Where produced 98 How pruned 99 Their GoodnefS 99 Diftance of their Branches Tote) _ Tables of Kinds Bo8 Time and manner of gathering 82 When ripe ' 8a St. Peter’s Grape 1is ~ Pears their Soil ; i a a we Perdrigon Plumb: sii [i dosll ga M PosTtere | Folio How propagated» > 34 | Their Dihtance of pipe 6o Their Courfons | Leaves, Bloffoms, and Frui “when and wheré produced = 73,129 -.o'Fablie of the beft' Kinds: 131 Kinds that produce) their Fruits 0} ork — at: the Ends of their Sh > 68,79 Blue ¥ Cerney Deafpititiin, of Plants How accounted for 23 When perform ‘d 25 Manner ) Ae Plumbs. picsia late Bet act 8290 o-. “Thee Soils ae 8 » How propagated’? °° 1" * =55 Diftance of Planting ~~"! 60 Manner of pruning ~~ eC When tipe © oe , SAL $2 Primordian Phibounng aS $ ie) lansing in’Pap y MFO cing si 48 | i Wetlands yoda 2 Hid. The Seafon ee Se 37 ‘Plants how nourifh’d by Rain, pee’ ~ &c. at their Roots, Barks, Soe and ‘ Leaves 24 Pruning at a Leaf-bud< 68 Knife to be yery tees ae 1 The beft Sealog, ENG Poplar pee ag “Porpree Peach 105 Purple. Alberge Peach 104 Purple Rasberry 123 a Qainces'theix Soil ) Bloffoms. and Leaves when and Sin’ what manner prodyced, 73 Queen Mother Plumb ~ sok glad 94 R Rains their Penetratio into the Earth fr Rain and Dew that fall in a Year 20 Radicles 28 Raifin Gra 116 Rabon 2 222 Kinds ibid. How propagated ibid. Manner of ibid. Reine Claude Plamb ie Se 93 Red Magdalene Peach Piste) Red a Se a ee ee ee ee ee eT ee Te: mene eae Ngo a vee eee l LN? Dok: xX: XVii eE__ Folio Folio Red Currant ABS, able of Peaches 108 Rind Grafting ‘40 Zable of Grapes 117 Rickets Peach ed Table of Plumbs 97 ts tobep of Pears i y gt a be fo edi in Watgp when dr ry co Tobe of Apples : 4 x — To be proferved froya Frofts, ri Tra | SF aT Se. rect 30 To hold at the time of “pruning re, We, urkey, Piumb 95 Their manner of pruning * *39 Turkey Apricot 89 Their outward Coat or Rind 69 Tt uteon de oust Peach ior Roman oe az a Bj Royal Wilding oy a 13 pe ht. a Royal Plumb es a eg . Rozanna Peach 108 sg, ast their Principles § Rambullion Peach 1 AB0G ‘| Imbibe Rain and Dew 44 ‘ ee Vines their Soil 2 to tenn has. coe ts gantameld 9) Violete Plumb gt °d 8S galley, gatas Vidlete ative Peach’ 104 Sep its. Crudities,, 5), 25 Volatile Salt a | Principle of Vegetables 5 Sap; Keffals injus’d by: fadden Heat 45 Salve to, cover the Wounds of Trees 58 wherries 20 —s. | fon Petite gaindeid. Manner of Planting 3 Gbid. Scarlet Rasberry. | iO ax Seeds . Germinate Yon} 28 _» Dilate 48 Seedlings, when and how tostandplant 36 Segfins for sae 57 cate inet Smith’s Newington Peach Soils the Kinds I . Their different: Natures 9). | 43 South-Eaft Walkkiinns. a3 40 44,45 South-Weft Afpe& . L110 424s Sia ee oa. 29 59 29 splice cafe : 38 34 eat headedts 2.4 yauasxt ; ‘ 38 Stock graftin t oiuys $839 - a of E erafting | ; 48 Stocks large to be Rind-grafted Standard Fruits their diftanceof planting So Straining the Roots of ‘Trees at. taking _ Up, is very: prejudicial 61 Sterility the Caufe i _ 65 How prevented ibid. Suphas a Principle of ogee 5 Iphur, in Rain and Dew. 9 super eee eT 147 Swalze Peach FOS Sweetwater Grape aa 35 114 23 Tap-roots 31 Ww Water a Principle of Vegerabl Olt Evaporation ina ete 3 : Its Evaporation in a Year Waterings neceffary in hot and dry staitins 2 2 f When neceflary 36 Wall-trees how planted | 57, 58 Manner of ae 575 53 Wallnuts how a ag. 33 Weft-wall 44 DUP ra 141 White se Rand Plumb Ps Surat v White Pear Plumb : 96 White Nutmeg Peach 100 White Magdalene Peach lot White Sweet-ewater Grape _ 113 White Mufeadine Grape 114 White Frontinac Grape IIs White Figg 118. White Rasberry | 123 Wentworth Plumb 95 Winter Fruits wn to be shale 83 § Mir 3 “White + Mareblf t Plumb | 93 Wood Strawberry ‘t20 How propagated | 12% Y . best: Trees rail the leaft png, why: Yellow Diapree Plumb i Z Zantoyne Grape it} § Mall een get eminem ae ‘THE CONT ENTS. OK ah ge CHAPTERS. F olio. ees EF Earths emeaew I], Of the: Eaerciales 0) of Ve 3 fSoa..... getables. FACS Tl. Of the Mature contain mt mm" in the Earth, for the Pro- duction and Support of Plants he. Manner that .Nature fupports dio yaad a0 its rae on VI. Of sin Manner. sok soanae Lauds ~~ for Plantations of Fruit, Trees. | 30 VII. ‘The Manner of ‘raifing. Fruit-Trees i in a Nurfery, their Grafting, Tnoculating, and Manner of ‘Tranfplanting, . againft Walls, Efpaliers, &c. Vill. Of Afpedts and their Accidents 43 TX. Of the Manner of, Planting Foreft= & fem to defend ons oF Fruits fom the Injuries. ° ‘North, _Eaft, and ' eft Winds .. 47 %. Of the Velocity wherewith Nocsihe ment enters the Roots. of Fruit-Trees ; - and the Reafons, and Manner of Pruning - their Roots and Heads at, ks Time ia Tranfplanting XI. Of the MAREN of F rit Tree ae Gia P. F olivs ter Planting, their Seafon and Manner Be. Pruning, Nailing, &c. KI. Of the great ufe of the Leaves ‘of _ Frmit-Trets and their ‘Force of imbib~- - Ing Moifture for the Support of their Bloffoms, Fruits, &c. 69 XII. Of Blights, and the Manner of. or~ . dering Fruit-Trees, when in, ari ng out of Bloffom, half Grown, and Ripe 74 XIV. Of the Manner of Gathering Fruits, aie Preferving them after eae Hd . Of Cherries svi Of Apricots ee XVI. Of Plumbs 90 XVIII. Of Peaches and Neétorines 98 XIX. Of Grapes, and their Ordering _ 110 XX. Of Fig-Trees 118 XXII. Of Strawberries! © “120 XXIL Of Rasberries 122 XXII. Of Goofeberries and Currants: 124 XXIV. Of the Black Mulb 125 XV. Of Philberts, = and Ber- berries 12 XXXVI. Of Pears and aie I: ss XXVII. Of Apples 133 A Curious Account of the moft valuable Cyder Fruits i in Devonfbire 135 ROVER 71S might Ee Meee To the Nosit1ty and Gentry of GREAT-BRITAIN, HEREAS the Pleafure of Gardens, and Succefs of Plantations on the Manner of Laying out, and Kinds of freées,| that are moft Natural to their Soils: “Author'’ s Advice an be readily commanded to any P WHOM ve By and IRELAND. wholly depend the Choice and Planting fuch “This is to give Notice, ‘That the art of Great Britain or "Weland, Judgment j in. Puldings in General, are Survey’d, Meafur’d and Valued. As alfo Timber Growing or F ell’d, ‘Grotto’ s, Bath’ s, Fountains, * Catcades, @c. made, and Engi Height required ; Cities, Lordthips, Eftates, &. moft a and Map’d, and Sun-Dials of ines for raifing Water. to any ccurately Suryey’d, Meafur’d all Kinds made for any Latitude. ' ST ~ \3 —~ / aS S \ ‘ j +) noel ye is WY As P Uf a> &\s SS SY [oe | 34 * ee | =~ PP . s J a We es Sy CY 2) S=2 FRUITGARDEN | “ILLUSTRATED. a UO LEA RT OH S. RED AEYL ABR HE firft and moft neceflary Work to be done, before . ea4| — we begin our Plantations, is, Either to make Choice _ of a proper Soil, or prepare fuch.as we haye, fit for the Reception of thofe Fruits which we defire to < : propagate. #4) ( YG C8 Ze 7) ALL the feveral Kinds of Soils may be reduced to Three, viz. : Sand, - Loam, and Clay ; but ‘tis my Belief, that Sand (only) is a the pure primitive Earth, afd all others but Com jounds : For, as ‘Mr. Bradley juftly obferves in his Works of Nature, That Sand being moiften’d with Water, and worked in the Hand to a Lump, and afterwards ‘dried in the Sun, will, when thoroughly dried, fall down into a Ze | B Heap ettg * _ POMONA: Heap of Sand as before; bur if ‘tis moiften'd in the fame Manner with Oil, and laid in the Sun to dry, it will incorporate, and become a very hard Subftance. So, from hence ‘tis very probable, that different Natures, Colours, and Textures of Earths, are alterd, ac- cording to the feveral Natures of the various Juices with which they are mixd., | ‘ NOW feeing that Oily Juices will incorporate with Sand, and become a hard rough Subftance, and that more or lefs in Proportion to the Quantity of the Oily Particles contained therein ; ’tis very probable that from thence it is, that the feveral Sorts of oe are generated. THE fevers Colours of both Sand and Clay, may very probably proceed from the different Colours of their Juices ; for Sand moiften’d with Water has a different Colour from that mix’d ah Milk, Oil, Ce. Experience demonftrates, that Sand mix’d with Clay, makes a coiieaiaad Earth called Loam ; 3 which-differs in its Nature, weaning to the Pro- portion contain’d inna each other. EQUAL Sk of Sand and Clay, perfectly mix’d together, | ~~ makes the beft (and is called a Middling) Loam. yA WO Thirds Clay, § and one Third Sand, makes a very ftrong Loam, Be: led rick -Farth.. -Thefe two Kinds of Loams are the very ‘be S Soils for Apples, Pears, Plumbs, Apricots, and Quinces: The firft for. the Surface, or firft Strata ; and the laft for the Bottom, or <— Strata. \ Two Thirds Sand, and one Third Clay, makes a light Loam, ~ ufaally called Light-Land. Thefe two laft are the beft Soils for Cherries, ~ Peaches, Figs, Vines, doc. this laft Compofition being the fir Strata, or Surface, and the preceding the Bottom or next lower Strata. i. ‘ VINES delight i in rich warm soils, and therefore the Sand vet to ~ in Bitar a then the prececingg Tht aii The Frurt-Garpvewn [Iluftrated. THE Depth of thefe two Stratas taken together, needs never be more than two Feet, (véz.) The firft Strata, or Surface, 16 Inches, and the Bottom, or next loweft Strata, 8 Inches : For whatever Nourifh- ment is imbibed by Trees below this Depth, is crude and undigelted for want of Heat; therefore whenever Fruit Trees are fuffer'd to {trike their Tap-Roots fo very deep, they immediately become luxurious, and their Fruits infipid, ta the over and above Crudity of the Sap im bibed from below. IT has been the Pragtice of many eminent Gardeners, to make their Borders for Fruit Trees full three Feet deep ; and Mr. Wife and Mr. London, nay, and even Mr. Carpenter alfo, recommends the making of Earth full three Feet deep, in their French Tranflation of the Retired Gardener, without confidering the spies Degrees” of Heat in the Earth, from 1 to 36 Inches deep. THE Reverend and Learned Mr. Hales, in his Vegetable Staticks, p- 64. has proved, That at two Feet Depth, ‘tis 27 Degrees colder than on the Surface, and confequently the deeper we go afterwards, the more colder.and crude is the Nourifhment. IF we are fo happy as to have the Liberty of making our own Choice of a Soil for our Plantation, I advife that it be Land which has not been difturbed by either Spade or Plough within-the Space of 50 or 60 Years, and continually fed with Cattle: That it be a kind, moderate, fandy Loam, of two Spits in Depth, its Bottom ‘incli- nable to a Brick-Earth, with a moderate Reclination towards the South, or South declining Eaft about 20 Degrees; and the Springs about ten, twelve, yc. Feet below the Surface. TO make Choice of Soils, by their Smells, Taftes, coc. as Mr. Wife agrees to, in his Treatife aforefaid, is very difficult ; for notwith- ftanding that their Steams, or Taftes; may be difagreeable to our Pa- lates, yet “tis very probable that they may be agreeable to Plants, when Nature has prepared them fit for their Nourifhment. Befides, ’tis not _ in our Powers to determine the Nature of Soils by Smell or Tafte ; be- caufe that all Soils contain a great Variety of Juices ; fome neceffary for the ? FO: M:Orn- ALY Oy, ieee iit the Support of one Kind of Plants, others for other Kinds, which Na- ture. can diftinguifh and make proper Choice of; but we cannot; for when we {mell or tafte, tis all the Juices mixt together. Extream Drought, or extream Wet, caufes Barrennefs in all Kinds of Soils; Sand, and Clay, moderately moiftened, will produce divers Vegetables, as well Timber as Fruit-Trees: The Englifb Elm, Cherry, Peach, dc. will grow in a moift Sand, and the Oak, Pear, Apple, dc. in a ftrong Clay. BUT when thefe Trees are planted in a moderate moift Loam, their Growths are much greater in the fame Time; and the like of almoft every other Plant in the Garden. Therefore when Nature has not fo well prepared our Soil,. as the Natures of our Trees require, we muft endeavour to make good fuch Defeéts by Art. LANDS that are very light and fandy, are beft manured with Clay, Mud of Rivers, Ponds, 5c. and thofe that are clayey, tiff, wet, cove. with Sand, Sea-coal-afhes, Street-dirt, and Horfe-dung, well mixt together. Pigeon’s-dung is alfo a good Manure for cold Lands, being ufed wich Difcretion. | — Comp ood. moderate Loam, is Horfe-dung, Cow- dung, anc Sea-coal-afhes, well mixt with the up- permoft Spit of a fre w, ina Leftal, for Six Months before. Rotten. Leaves and the Bottom of Wood-piles, are alfo good Manures - for ftron& Loams. ALL Kinds of Soils are greatly improved by early Ridging, for light. and fandy Lands are made thereby capable of receiving the whole Bene- fits of Rains, Snow, ¢c. that fall in the Winter, and clayey ftrong Lands are made mellow, and fit for the Reception of Seed and Plants in the Spring. And Loams in general, are not only meliorated and {weetned, by having their Crudities exhaled away by the Sun, Winds, gc. butare enabled to imbibe freely the great Benefits of Moifture, throushout the whole Winter, as well as the genial Heat of the Sun, in che: Seiler which are the yery Life and Support of thofe Vegetables that we defire to propagate, | #1 3 | CHAP. The Fruit-GarveEn_ Jduftrated. (Jain. i ' 2] T is well known to Chymifts that Vegetables are compofed of Five Principles, viz. Sulphur, Volatile Salt, Water, Air, and at so} Earth, and fince that their Nourifhment is in greateft Part com- municated to them at their Roots, ‘tis very reafonable to believe, that when the Earth is capable of nourifhing and fupporting the Growth of Plants, fhe is then. furnifhed with fufficient Quantities of the Firft Four Renripie, mend Sulphur, Volatile Sale, Water, and Air. ey “AS 5 BY the er Chapter it appears, that the more or t lefs Gann of oily Juices Earths are mixed with, fo are they more or lefs capable of Sepang Water, Air, Ci: For Sand and light Loams, will imbibe ‘ith greater Velocity th a Clay and very dtroog. Loame For the Firft having Ii hiccle or no oully Parcel _ hoe B mit of a free Entrance ; but the Clay and ftrong Loams, ane great Quantities thereof, refift the Water's free Paflage therein. NOW, as Earths are differently ftored with thefe oily Particles,.fo are they more or lefs furnifhed with each of ‘the aforefaid Principles: Which feems to bea wife Order of Nature. For as Vegetables are differently compofed of their Principles, fo are the feveral Kinds of Earths furnifhed therewith, whereby Nature has adapted every Plant to its proper Soil, wherein ‘twill thrive beft. 7 SUPPOSE an Oak to be compofed of equal Principles, viz. one Fifth of Volatile Salt, one Fifth of Sulphur, one Fifth. oh Water, one Fifth of Air, and one Fifth of Earth ; ‘ghia oo» i, © - THEN PF Oe M:@ NoAr:: Or, THEN the Nourifhment truly natural to the Oak, is of each an + equal Quantity: But when thefe Principles are unequally mixt, be it more or - def, in any other Soil, and the Oak is tranfplanted therein, the Growth will be retarded proportionably; becaufe the unequal Mixture of the feveral Principles are difproportionable to thofe of which the Oak is com- poled. HENCE it is that Alders, Willows, Poplars, ¢c. which have great Quantities of Water in them, cannot thrive in hot and dry Lands. And contrarily, the Oak, Beech, Cherry, Peach, °c. cannot thrive in very wet Lands, where the Quantity of Water is in too great a Quanti- ty for their Support, which rather difunites their Principles, than fapports them. Therefore to be certain of adapting every Plant to its proper ~ Soil, we muft firft examine the exa& Quantities of each Principle that’s contain d in every Plant we would propagate, as alfo in the Soils we in- "tend to cultivate, And then, if we plant our feveral Soils with fuch Ve- getables whofe Principles are found to be equal, or nearly equal to thofe of the Soils, we may affure our felves of Succefs, and work with Cer- tainty ; whereas what has been hitherto well done by every one in Plant- ing and Gardening, has been by mere Chance only. Reach of ordinary Ca Dal ities, ‘and require abundance of Accuracy, Judg- - ment, and Time, which ‘may hinder many from making Refearches therein; but were fuch a Work judicioufly compleated, ‘twould render the Practice of Gardening certain and fucce(sful, ‘TIS truc, that thele Inquiries into Vegetable Nature are beyond the ee ci at ainary | ET is with no fmall Concern, that the great Hurry of Bufinefs, and Want of Time, have prevented the compleating of thefe fo-much wanted Experiments, which I fhould gladly have obliged the World with, at this Inftant, fince they are the very Bafis and Life of Planting and Gardening. But if Life permits, I fhall very fpeedily accomplifh them ; which with 7 © grearelt Accuracy and Juftnefs will be communicated, that every Lover-of Planting and Gardening, may have a true Underftanding of their ~ feveral different Natures and Qualities, and thereby be always certain of their defired Succefs, | ” CHAP. a a a a oN ALE EE EERE SET OE | Ey eRe Ne NOE REN SS Ce ae ee meee re eee * The Fruit-GarpdeEn IMuftrated. F CHAP. ILL Of the Moifture contained in the Earth, for the Produétion | and Support of Plants. sien || S Light Is imperfect when deprived of any one of the feve- 1A eel ral Colours, of which ’tis compofed, which the Prifm exhibits ; fo likewife are Vegetables imperfect, when any one of their ‘Principles is wanting. And ‘tis very probable, when that moft neceflary Principle, WATER, is wanting, that the Principles of Volatile Salt, and Sulphur, are alfo wanting. For ‘tis mote reafonable to believe that they are contain'd in Water, rather than in Earth. | ucmany Vegetab “the Reafon of this is, That theve is a Kind of Salt in the Earth, ‘ avhich animates and fets it upon Aétion. ~~ tan) “ NOW this Salt can have no Influence unlefs it be diffolved, for whilft it ts, as it were, fetter’d to the Earth, and ferves to compofé the fame Mafs with st, it’s uncapable of doing any thing neceffary to “ a new Produttion ; but when the Water has diffolved ‘the Salt, and "mingled it with the Parts of the Earth, the Pavts thus animated, Separate and communicate themfélwes to the Root of the Plants that “ receive their Nouvifhment from them.” | I CAN’T ra + ¥ } * POMONA: Or, I CAN’T fee wherein the Philofophy of thefe Gentlemen confifts, for the Salt of Vegetables is volatile;. and not a grofs Body, and therefore has no occafion of a Diflolution to prepare its Parts fit for the Nourifhment of Plants. AND again, if this vegetative Salt were contained in the Earth, why then in very hot and dry Seafons, when no Rains fall in the Space of fix or feven Weeks, and the Earth becomes fo dry as to be unfit for Vege- tation, the Plants thereof muft perifh : Becaufe that the Dews (tho’ perhaps very great) are of themfelves incapable of penetrating the Earth deep enough to diffolve the Salt therein contained ; which they fay mutt be diffolved, before it can do any Thing neceflary to a new Produétion. But on the contrary, ‘tis feen that Plants do not-perifh, but oftentimes make new Produétions in thofe very dry Seafons, which is a convincing Proof that their nutritive Sale muft be contained in the Dews, which are then their ‘chief Support, and not in the dry Earth, which is then renderd nearly incapable of Aétion. : IF thefe Gentlemen had made Experiments of their. own, and ftri& Refearches into the wonderful Operations of Nature, they might have dif- coverd many of her furprizing Ways of working. THEY might have feen what Preparations are made in the Leaves, Buds, and Barks of Vegetables, to imbibe Nourifhment from. Dews, when their Roots are incapable of communicating any, as well as to perfpire it away when plentifully fupplied therewith: For all the Moifture imbibed. by Trees, oc. at their Roots, is not wholly imploy’d in making of Sap, forming new Buds, Branches, ¢9c. as is generally be- lieved—(But this I fhall fully handle in its Place)—They would alfo have known the great Power that Air hath on the Growth of Vegetables ; how it ftrongly attraéts when in a fix’d State, and repels in an elaftick State : How it helps to diftend their tender ductile Parts, and invigorates their Sap : And how, by. its mixing with the other Principles, they. are thereby affimulated into the Nourifhment of the feveral Parts of the Ve- getable, whereby its Growth is carried on to the greateft Maturity : How the Growth of Vegetables is perform’d by the infinite Combinations, Action and Re-aétion of their Principles; and that the volatile Sale, | 3 and 1 The Frort-Garven Jdufirated. and Sulphurous Particles of Vegetables, are contained in Rains and Dews, and not a Part of the Earth, as they imagin’d: . BUT pardon me for this long Digreffion, and I will proceed to the Subject in Hand. 4 THE Quantity of Moifture neceflary for the Support of Plants, fhould be in Proportion to their feveral Natures ; for fome delight in much, and others in lefs, ¢’c. and therefore Nature has agreeably, at different Depths, furnifh’d the Surface of the Earth with fuch Quantities as are neceflary to fupport their feveral Natures. AND ‘tis obfervable, that thofe Plants whofe Nature require but litle Moifture, are fhallow rooted ; but thofe that delight in much, ex- tend their Roots to greater Depths. , I HAVE made divers Experiments, in great Variety of Soils, to difcover the Quantity of Moifture that Nature had provided for the Support of Plants in dry Seafons, and find, that the greateft Quantity is always contained in the fecond Foot below the Surface ; which is an undeniable Direction for the Depths of Soils. he.Reverend Mr. Hales Sol alfo Wtale the fame, in his Tagetable pre p. 51. in the Me ‘ollo eae ON the laft Day of Fuly, in the Year 1724. he dug up a Cubick Foot of Earth from the Surface of an Alley in his Garden ; and putting it into a Cubical Veflel, whofe Weight was before known, he weighed it, and found its Weight equal to 104 Pounds one Fourth, Averdupois. - THIS done, he dug up a fecond Cubical Foot of Earth from the Bottom of the firft, whole Weight was 106 Pounds fix Ounces : And, laftly, a third Cubical Foot from the Bottom of the fecond, which weighed 111 Pounds + one Third. THESE three Feet in Depth were a good Brick-Earth ; but below them a Gravel of two Feet depth, under which the Springs did then . run, D : I weighed 10 POMONA: @; and perfpired by Plants. I weighed a Cubical Foot of Rain Water, and found its Weight to be nearly 50 Pounds Averdupois, which is very little more than half the fpecifick Gravity of Earth: But Spring-water 1s oftentimes fomething heavier, according to the different Nature of the Earth or Mineral from which it {prings. AFTER thefe three feveral Cubick Feet of Earth were weighed, they were laid thin, that their Moifture might be the fooner exhaled ; and ‘twas found, that when the firft Cubick Foot was become fo dry and ~ dufty as to be unfit for Vegetation, it had loft fix Pounds + eleven Ounces of Water, which is near one Eight Part of its firft Bulk. THE {econd Cubick Foot being not fo dry when the firft was weighed, was left fome Days longer, and being then weighed, had loft ten Pounds of its Weight. THE third Cubick Foot being very dry, had loft eight Pounds + eight Ounces, viz. one Seventh Part of its firft Bulk. | FROM thefe Experiments it appears, That the fecond Cubick Foot decreafed in Weight the moft, (but indeed ‘twas fome fmall Matter dryer than either the firft or third) and confequently contained as much or more Moifture than chat next below it. And ‘tis obferveable, that the Roots of mof Plants that are of a large and quick Growth, poffes that | Depth, probably, becaufe in that Depth the Juices are -meliorated and made fitter for the Nourifhment of Plants, than thofe that are deeper, _ which, for want of the genial Heat of the Sun (being crude and un- prepared) are unfit for the Support of Vegetables. BUT notwithftanding that the Moifture in the three next lower Strata’s is not fo well prepared for the Nourifhment of Plants ; yet’tis abfolutely neceflary that ir fhould be there in Store, to fucceed that which is imbibed and perfpired away by Plants, as they advance in Growth: - For if there was not a Succeffion of Moifture conftantly alcending, *ewould be impoffible for Plants to live in very dry Seafons; which will appear when I come to demonftrate the Quantities of Moifture imbibed 2 AND The Frurr-Garovewn IIluftrated. a AND it is from thefe Supplies of Moifture, that deep Soils fupport their Plants in very dry Seafons, when thofe on fhallow dry-bottom’d ° Lands perifh : For tho’ the Moifture of thefe deep Stratas is not fit for the Nourifhment of Plants, when fo very deep, yet as it afcends and comes nearer to the Surface, ‘tis better prepared, and at length made fit for their Reception. THE Moifture contain’d in the lower Strata’s, is, in fome mealure, tais'd by the attractive Power of the Sun, as well as by the imbibing Force of Vegetables ; which laft is undoubtedly much ftronger than the firft, becaufe thofe Countries which greatly abound with Woods, have greater Rains than thofe that are unplanted : For the Roots of Trees having a very great imbibing Force, do draw up and imbibe great Quantities of Moifture, which they are continually perfpiring away at their Leaves, and thereby furnifh the Atmofphere with great Quan- tities of Water, which unplanted Lands cannot do. | "TIS obfervable that Rains will freely penetrate the Earth Two Feet deep, but feldom freely deeper, therefore at that Depth there is contain’d not only the Rain Water, but the Spring Water alfo, in fuch Quantity as ‘tis raifed by the Two attractive Powers aforefaid: Which Depth Na- ture feems Wiftty-to—hevechafen, not only that the genial Heat of the Sun can there prepare the crude rancid fit for the Nourifhment of Vegetables, but the fcorching Rays of the Sun, and drying Winds, cannot prefently exhale away the neceflary Moifture, fo as to deprive Plants of their Support. ; IF any doubt the Afcenfion of Moifture, let them read Mt. Hales’s Vegetable Staticks, Pag. 54: and 55. _ Having thus explain’d the Man-- ner of Nature’s fupplying Plants with Moifture in hor and dry Seafons, from the loweft Strata’s of the Earth; perhaps it mayn't be amifs if I fhould fpeak a Word or two, in relation to Dews, which are very re- © frefhing to Plants in dry and hot Seafons. BY an Experiment made Auguft 15. by Mr. Hales (vide his Staticks, Pag. 53.) it appears, that two glazed Earthen Pans, which were three Inches deep, and twelve Inches Diameter in Surface, fill’d with pretty 2 moift "12 POMON A: QO, moift Earth; increafed in Weight by one Night's Dew, 180 Grains, and the next Day decreafed, one Ounce + 282 Grains. And that nothing might add to, or fubtract from, the Accuracy of this curious and ufeful Experiment, Mr. Hales placed thofe two Pans, in two other broader Pans, to preveat any Moifture fticking to their Bottoms, which might make the Quantity of Dew fallen, feem to be greater than it actually was. AND ‘twas found that a greater Quantity of Dew fell on that Earth which was moft moift, than on that which was drier, and more than a double Quantity on Water, than an equal Surface of moift Earth. For the Particles of Dew and Water being Homogeneous, do attract each other with a much greater Force, than Earth and Dew do, that are Hetero- geneous. “ THE Evaporation of a Surface of Water in a Winter's Day of nine “ Hours, is -+ of an Inch, of Ice fet in the Shade for the fame Space of ** time 34 of an Inch. NOW if from the above Quantity evaporated 762 Grains, which are equal to 1 Ounce + 282 Grains, You fubtra& the Dew receiv’d in one Night - 180 FHe-Retlerence 1s VS a hy This Difference of 582 Grains is the extraordinary Quantity evaporat from a Circular Area of Earth of one Foot Diameter every 24 Hours in the Summer, more than falls in Dew in the Night. Which in 21 Days, is near’26 Ounces. For — 582 the Quantity daily evaporated, Multiply’d by 21 the Number of Days ; 582 | 1164. The Produ is 12222 ~— Grains. And i i Pree The FrurtT-GarvDeEN ILduftrated. a3 And fince 480 Grains is equal to one Ounce, therefore divide the Produ& 12222, by 480, as follows. 480)12222(25 Ounces. 960 2622 2.400 222 Grains remaining, which are but 258 Grains, fhort of an Ounce complete, to make the whole 26 Ounces. — NOW to find the Quantity of Moifture exhaled from a greatet Quantity of Ground, as a Rod, Acre, @’c. we muft proceed as follows : But that every thing may be fully clear'd, I will go through the whole Operation, that every one may have a perfect Underftanding ; for the Knowledge thereof is of very great Importance to a good Gardener. The circular Area before mentioned, being one Foot Diameter, its ope ce ed in Inches may be thus found, wiz. Spore ‘the Diameter multi, rt Diend t Toy leven. nel dividing the i Product by fourteen, the Sesera will be the Area required. gies EXAMPLE. POMONA: Or, - equal to one Seventh. Ceci Cre ar pai capesareer Sy ee ae ee ee ee ee - EXAMPLE : The Diameter 12 Inches. | | a Multiplyed by 12 | = 24 12 The firft Produ& is 144 Which multiply by 11 Pree mtd So ea oo met 4h ts Sy aia... nist = 2 or The 2d Produ&,7 which divide by ~7e@14)1584(113 $ The Quotient, which is the Num- SHG GA 2. 1 PEA ber of fquare Inches inethe Area | ssn aoe or Circle, whofe Diameter was or one Foot, or twelve Inches. / ae ERRNO : SBS Bee ee: Son yt . eee: sean a § tile ai a eek _— Sb a, Se or a ains, which —— “= ass S eaehy = te eS ie ae eicoae <—< PE ee . So ee at gee =f es ae Se is equal to + of the Divifor, © se THE fecond Work is, to find the Number of {quare Inches in a {quare Foot: ‘Which is known by multiplying twelve Inches the one Side of the Square, by twelve, another Side of the Square, and the Produét will be equal to 144, which is the Number. of {quare Inches contained in a fquare Foot, ee eee dP Te The Frurt-GarvdeEn IMnftrated. 15 EXAM P LB. | 12 Inches, one Side of a Square Foot. Multiply'd by 12 one of the other Sides. 24 120 Se The Produ& 144 Which are the Square Inches in a oey 3 Foot as required. THE third Work is to find the tii of Square Feet‘in a Square Red, Pole, or Perch, which are alfo found by multiplying 16 Feet and a half, (the Number of Feet contained in a Rod. in Length) by the fame, and their Product is the Number of Square Feet. required. EXAMPLE Feet. Inches. Tee 66 16: = * 66 : The Produ& . 272 :. 03. .Which are the Square Feet con- | | » tairled in one sate Rod: as ‘* ; + equi Gg Sago | “AND as an Acte of fend contains Ais Poles, or Rods, the be Cale | culation may be es for any Quantity required. AS: ips a ¢y3 LdS sms 3o S55 sere = | A ‘SQUARE Pole whok Sides are = eae Beat to 16 Feet 4) contains 39204 Square Inches, which being divided by 113, the Area of "the Circular Foot, omitting the Fraction, the Quotient is 346 174. 3 2 : AN D, 16 POMOWN A: Or, AND, as it has been proved, that in 21 Days near 26 Ounces were evaporated from one Circular Foot, therefore multiply 346 (the Number of Circular Feet in one Square Rod) by 26, (the Quantity evaporated from the Surface of a Circular Foot in 21 Days) and the Product will be 8996, which is very near the Quantity of Ounces that are evaporated from the Surface of one Rod in 21 Days. IF 8996 be divided by 16, (the Ounces in a Pound Averdupois) the Quotient will be 562 4, the Quantity of Pounds Weight evaporated. IF we admit, chat one Pound of Water is equal to one Pint, we may eafily reduce the 562 2 Pounds into Gallons : For 562 being divided by 8, the Number of Pints in a Gallon, the Quotient is 26 44, the Quantity of Gallons evaporated from one Square Rod in 21 Days. NOW by the Rule of Proportion : IF, in 21 Days, 8 996 Ounces be evaporated from one Square Rod, what Quantity is evaporated =e the fame Surface in 21 Days ? ANSWER. 428 Ounces, equal to 26 Pounds 12 Ounces, equal to three Gallons, one Quart, aad chxce Quarterns, ieee | N.B. IF the judicious Gardener does well confider this, he will be eafily led into the Reafons of watering Plants in dry Seafons. NOW, fecing that we have obtained the daily Evaporation of one Rod, I will proceed to a further Enquiry, viz, What Quantity of Moifture is evaporated in the Space of a whole Summer ; which I begin at the 1 5th of May, and end at the 15th of Ofober, containing 154 Days. BLY the Rule of Proportion : | _~ TE, from the Surface of one Rod, 428 Ounces are evaporated in one Day, what Quantity will be evaporated from the fame Surface in 15.4 Daya: cs sh : | 2 — ANSWER. Oe Teer Oe i. SE ee CE apt area I ie “eae [he Fruit-Garvewn? [hufrated. 17 ANSWER. 65912 Ounces, wget to 4119 Pounds 4, equal to 514 Gallons, + Pint, equal to 14 Barrels, 10 Gallons, « Pint. NOW to find the Quantity of Moifture evaporated from one Acte, in the fame Time, proceed by the fame Rule; viz. IF from the Surface of one Rod, 65912 Ounces are evaporated in 154 Days, what Quantity will be evaporated from the Surface of an Acre (vz. 160 Rods) in the fame Time ? ANSWER. 10545920 Ounicés, equal to 659120 Pounds, equal to 82390 Gallons, equal to 2316 Barrels, 14 Gallons. - NOW, as we have made this Calculation, let us proceed a little further, and enquire what Depth of Water is evaporated from’ the Sur- face of the Earth every Day, whereby fome Proof may be given fot the preceding Calculation. “ NIC. Crugnius (as Mr. Hales obferves, p. 55.) N° 381. of the & F bi epics} Zi Pata at found that 28 Inches Depth evaporated in role.-Xeartrom Water, 4..¢. 73 of an g Jah each Pie at a mean a —- “Bae he —— in a Summer ~ ae © Inch; fo the Evaporation of -a Surface of Water isto he Evaporation “ of a Sickie of Earth in Summer, as ten is to three.” FOR fince that = of an Inch is evaporated daily (ee Water; ‘bie: - fore, in twelve. an there will be one entire Inch in Depth evaporated ; and confequently in 144 Days, (which as much about: the Length of a Summer) one entire Foot in Depth, -provided that Rains were “not, or do not fall in that-Time, From this we may eafily account for the Wate of Wotan in mage ee Canals, Qe: “BUT fince eae the Earth doth; evaporate but 75 of an ae ina Biny, therefore one entire Inch in Depth cannot be evaporated under 40 Days. “/AND as the firft Cubical Foot of Earth, in the preceding Experi- ment, had wafted 194 Cubick Inches of Water, which render’d the F | Earth BOM .O Now: Or; a ee Earth unfit for Vegetation ; therefore if from one Foot Square there are 144 Cubical Inches evaporated in 40 Days, (twill require 53 Days $ to evaporate 194 Inches, to rendet the Earth jas dry and unfit for Vege- tation as aforefaid : Which 53 Days %, is about the one third Part of a Summer ; and ’tis always feen, that when we are without Rains for fo long a Space of Time, the Surface of the Earth, for a full Foot in Depth, is fo very dry, as to be unfit for Vegetation. B Y_ the preceding Calculation it has been demonftrated, That 514 Gallons were evaporated from one Rod of Ground in 154 Days ; but by the Evaporation of 4 of an Inch in a Day, it appears to be fome- thing (tho’ very little) more. .I will demonftrate the fame in the fol- lowing Operation.; SINCE that two Square Feet’ contain» 288 Square Inches, which are evaporated in 40 Days, and 288 Cubical Inches being equal to one Gallon, ‘tis evident that one Square Foot that contains 144 Square Inches, being taken at one Inch in Depth, is equal to two Quarts, ‘or half a Gallon ; and confequently 272 Square Feet : (which is equal to. a Rod) docks evaporate in 40 Days, 272 times } the Quantity of one Foot, which is equal to 545 Quarts, equal to 136 Gallons one Quart; equal to three Bartels 7 and one Quart, See the Operation, § = ¥ % Ve ae The Cubical. Lohan in one Gallon . ne SaR coetces: Prone The Cubical Inches.in- two. Quarts 144» ~ equal to the Square Inches in a Square Foot. The Number of Feet i in a Soe Rod’ 172 SIE 10 1, Goes o ? Which multiply bys: Ihio' Se Sc eis gel conceit din, one “Square Foot, atione “ye in Depth; »§ —-~ Product sic 2iissi tse loves es HS Fhgu SO whigh:add~ silks wis. ayy Gate oy 1 for — —— a Foot mul- tiplied by 2, equal: to 2 : Foot, cgi —-——) to one —— And The Produé& is - - 545 Quarts, the Couaye eva~ in oi from one Rod of Ground j in the tose of 40 for fuch Trees having a free Per- fpiration in all their Parts, their lower Branches are firft furnifh’d with “Sap, which sagt them ftronger than thofe that are higher, and laft ferved. And ’tis from this that Foreft Trees acquire their beautiful Pyramidical Forms, the Force of the Sap being proportionably fpent, in the feveral Stages of their lateral Branches, as they afcend in Heighth. AND as every Stage of Branches are fhaded by the next above them, ’tis therefore that they become naked, and only produce Leaves at their Ends, as in the Cafe of Trees planted eat together in a Wood. But if the middle of Trees are kept open, as Dwarf Trees in Gardens, or very thin of Wood, then all their feyeral Branches will have a free Perfpi- H ration 26 POM O.N As On rs ration in all their Parts, and confequently be full of Buds, Leaves, and Shoots, . THIS I advife my Readers to confider well, for hereon depends the whole Succefs of our Labours, which I fhall fully demonftrate when I come to lay down the Reafons and Manner of Pruning. BY the preceding Account it appears, That ‘tis very Beneficial to water the Leaves and Branches of Fruit Trees in an Evening, when . Seafons are very dry. ‘ THE 20th Experiment of Mr. Hales, mention’d in_ his Vegetable Staticks, p..62. proves, That at two Feet Depth the Heat is very confiderable and conftant ; that, is, the fame by Night .as_ by Day, ~ and that by its ftrong Influence, great Quantities of Moifture are con- tinually raifed from the lower Strata's, during the warm Summer Seafon, for the Support of Plants: ‘‘ The Impulfe of the Sun-Beams giving the Humidity of the Earth a brisk undulated Motion, which 3 watry “ Particles, when feparated and rarified by Heat, do afcend in Form of “‘ Vapour, and vigoroufly enter the Roots of Plants.” THEREFORE as this Gentleman further obferves, p. 66.) ‘tis very reafonable to believe, That the Roors of Vegecables are thus, by Means of the Sun’s genial Heat, continually water d with new Supplies of Moifture : For if the Humidity of the Earth did not. thus afcend, the Roots of Vegetables muft receive all the Nourifhment which they have from the Earth, merely by imbibing the next adjoining Moifture contain’d in thofe Shells of Earth which enclofe their Roots ; and if fo, why then that Earth which is next to their Roots would be always much dryer than that which is farther from it, which is not always fo: And again, if this was the Cafe, why then Plants that grow in the Earth, and root very fhallow, would be as foon perifh’d for want of Moifture, as the fame Plants when they are planted in large Tubs, fuch as thofe in which we plant our Orange Trees, whofe Bottoms preventing the rarified Vapour from penetrating the Roots of the within planted Trees, they do therefore foon exhauft away all the Moifture containd in the Earth of the Tub, and perifh if not fupplied with more, AND t The Frui1t-GarDeEn Thuftrated.. 27 AND again, (as this Gentleman further obferves) if Plant were not thus fupplied with Moifture from the lower Strata’s, how would it be pofible for them to fubfift in very hor Latitudes, as thofe within 10 or 15 Degrees of the Equinoétial Line, where they are often without Rain for many Months. THEREFORE the genial Heat of the Sun being in Conjunétion with the Aftraction of the capillary Sap-Veflels, the Moifture is raifed, imbibed, and carried up thro’ the Bodies and Branches of Plants, and therice pafling into the Leaves, it is there moft vigoroufly acted upon in thofe thin Plates, and put in an undulating Motion by the Sun’s Warmth, whereby i it is moft plentifally thrown off, and perfpired thro’ their Surface ; whence, as foon as it is difentangled, it mounts with great Rapidity into the Air. NOW, from what is here deliver'd, ‘tis plain, That deep and ftrong-bettom’d Lands, which always abound with great Quantities of Moifture i in their lower Strata’s, are the only Lands which we are to make Choice of for our Plantations of Fruits : That when hot and dry Seafons happen, they may be able to fubfift without great Labour and Expence in Watering» which maul be at thofe Seafons when we plant in fhallow, light, _ dry=botromr’d-Seils;—fach. ands Gravels, or. CHAP. «~ —e | 28. “HO MONA: Or, i Ne. * a Fs be CHA PF. Of the GrowTn and Maturity of PLANTS. Fey) HE firft Operation of Nature, after fowing the Seed of a Bi | Vegetable, is to imbibe as much Moifture as is neceflary for GIHGkse) its Germination, whereby it fwells with very great Force, Force Mr. Hales has proved. in his Experiment on Peafe, which he put in an Iron Pot with Water, and, as they dilated themfelves, they raifed 184 Pounds. Vide Vegetable Staticks, p. 94. Now feeing that Seed cannot ftrongly germinate without a fufficient Quantity of Moifture, ‘tis no ,wonder that bad Crops are produced, when fown late in dry Seafons: Therefore the old Maxim of fowing dry, feems to be a Miftake, except in Lands that are naturally very wet. AND fince that Seeds dilate themfelyes with very great Force at their Germination, therefore che Soil wherein they are fow'd fhould be well meliorated by digging, d’c. not only for their free Dilatations, but for the more eafy Penetration of their tender Plumes, or firft leading Shoots into the Air, as well as their Radicles, or firft fhooting Roots, with their fubfequent Fibres, in the Earth, For when the Radicles cannot freely penetrate the Earth, ‘tis impoffible that they can imbibe fufficient Moifture neceflary for the Production of good Plants. N. B. LF any defire to be inform’d bow Nature operates from the Germination of Seed to the Formation of Buds, Shoots, &c. let them vead Mr. Hales’s Vegetable Staticks, p. 329, 3.49, 351. THE Shoots or Branches of Trees are produced by the gradual Di- latation and Extenfion of ‘their Buds ; for all Branches and Fruits are form’d in the very fame Proportion as they afterwards appear when fully grown. = SOME t The Frur1t-GarvdEN Tuftrated. " “9 SOME: Kinds of Fruits difcover their Embrio Shoots, and Fruits, “within the Bud, vifible to the naked Eye, without the Help of a Micro- {cope ; as the. Bud. of a Mulberty, flic thro’ from. the .Vertex..to. its Bale, exhibits the Fruit with its next adjoining Leaves, which Nature has carefully placed, not only to wrap up and preferve the tender Fruit during the Winter's Cold, ro¥attract Nourifhment, and perfpire away the Crudities of the Sap, but to expand themfelves in fuch Manner, fo as to preferve the tender Sap-Veflels of the Fruits, duting their Growths, from the drying Winds and {corching Rays of the Sun. THE Growth of Branches are always proportionable to the Nature of the Seafon in which they are produced. we Springs do always pro- duce the longeft and largeft Shoots, becaufe their foft duétile Parts do then continue longer in a moift tender State ; but in a dry Spring the Fibres foon harden, and ftop the further Growth of the Shoot, their Sap-Veflels being dried by their great Perfpiration, caufed by the extra- ordinary Heat. The moft genial Heat for our Englifh Plants is from 17 to 30 Degrees ; which Heat generally happens in the Months of May and Fune, when Plants in general ourifh moft. A COLD Spring has a worle Effect on the tender Parts of Shoots, than a cold Autumn ; for as the young Shoots of Plants have a greater Proportion or Quaneiey-of-Salt_and Water in them at their Spring, than “1 the Autumn, they are more liable to be injard-by»Gold.than in the Autumn, when they are in a more advanced Age, and their Quantity of Oil increafed proportionable to their Degree of Maturity : For the great Work of ‘Nature, in bringing Fruits and Seeds to Maturity, is, to combine together in a ‘due Proportion, the more active and noble Principles of Sulphur and Air, thac conftirute Oil, which, in its moft refined State, is never found without fome Degree of Earth and. Salt in it. And the more perfect this Maturity is, the more firmly are thofe Principles united. Vide Vegetable Staticks, p. 322. FROM what has been deliver'd in refpeé to the Growth of Shoots in a dry Spring, it appears, That if weak Trees are then oftentimes re- frefhed with Waterings, fo as to keep their foft duétile Parts fupple, ‘twill greatly add to their Growth. And on the contrary, the Growth of luxuriant Trees, for want of fuch Moifture, are, by a dry Spring, retarded, and thereby made fruitful, wae t GHAP. sant O, MAO NDA: Ore C: Hed Pi io Mes? Of the pe of Preparing Lands for Plantations y »EruitT-TeeeEs. Z : = = HE. bett Seafon for. preparing Lands, wherein we defign to & make Plantations of Fruit-Trees; is Ofober,.or as foon after ~as the Moifture of the Ground will admit: 1F your Ses is, oo re is, when abode two. Feet j in Depth, beft to trench it two Spits, and Te Crumb (as term’d by cone in Depth, laying the Spit that is taken’ from the Bottom in Ridges, that the Winter Rains and Frofts may mellow it; and exhale away the Cru- dities thereof. But if your Land is fhallow, the beft Method is to dig it one fingle Spit only, and that to be laid in ate! for the Ration aforefaid, and. level’ a “aaa * ee =< are singh 5 att — sorEect] ps IF your Land is not over freth or 1ich, would o vey ferviceable to mix in the Working a good Coat of Horfe-dung well rotted, fuch as old Cucumber and Melon Beds, ¢°c. but not. new Dung on any account, it being perfect Poifon to the Roots Sha bac tplate=s acess IN the “Tiencliite of Land, C Gare fhould-be as - iB Workmen don’t leave Cores of undifturb’d Earth between the bottom Spits of each Trench, as they are apt to do, when they work by the Grate, (nay, whe by the Day) and that their Spits are’of a moderate Size ; for when Lands ~are digged with large Spits, they cannot meliorate fo well, .as when with moderately {mall ones, and confequently are then: lefs fit. for cn free: Penetration of ‘thofe Roots ‘which . we dofite fhonld._.thrive therein, WHE N ;. vo el Vd a BT ag sea ttle ta ida)! ent ia ll AEE len a ell ak” Oak Ti end ae ha Gardening. The’ FruiT-Ga RveEN> Iuftrated. * ? - WHEN by frenching the aforefaid Depth, a hacemeta raw, or fund Bottom comes up, ‘tis belt toleave off, and go no. deeper.than the ‘Goodnefs of the Land will allow. Arid if at lat the whole Depth ap- pears to be too fhallow, that is to fay,’ lefs then. 18 Inches in Depth, the only Method i is to raife ic Wich the firft Spit of a green Sward, or Meadow, which has not been broke!up: by Spade or Plough within the Knowledge of Man, and where Cattle has ‘continually been fed.. But for, want of fuch Virgin Earth, as Mr. Ewelyn calls. it, we ‘niuft itiake ule-afcthe very heft and frefheft we can ger, and iil make the ‘a8 ‘Land. about two Feet i in aoe: ; a aoa 08 az qa Pay Bk ee | wbHAY do iS bb ae fae WHEN Tad in etal ate < ety ‘unkind Rotini finches as {harp dry Lands, fliff cold Clays, Gravel, Cc. then we muft, at. proper _ Diftances, fink Holes of fix or eight Feet Square, and two Feet Depth, if the Land is dry; but if cold, ’tis much the beft Way to raile a Quantity of Earth, of the aforefaid Dimenfion, upon the Surface of the natural Soil ; which Earth fhould be prepared in a Leftal, as directed in the fife Seétion of the irae = of my New Principles of AN > that-Frei ir Be “lead are = to fhoot down Tap- Root fr ae{ where the Moifture being crude and unprepared, fenders thei Fruits x inti and Greet luxurious ; "tis much the belt Way,*3vhen owe plant our Trees, for not only to prune away every Root that feems © tend downwards, but to pave the ‘Bottom with Tile-fheds, Brick-Bats, yc. alfo to prevent others, which Nature may afterwards produce, from entering therein. WHEN Lands are prepared fit for the Reception of Seeds, Plants, Trees, Cc. they fhould continually be kept mellow, by frequent Dig- gings, Houghings, Manures, Coc. OF otherwife our firft Labours will be in vain: For fince that the Moifture which fupports the Roots of ‘Plants i in diy Seafons, is, in great Pare, attracted up by the kindly In- fluence of the Sun ; “tis therefore abfolutely neceflary to keep the Surface mellow, that the Heat may have a free Penetration ; And this is not | | 3 eo : the 32 POMON A: Or, the only Reafon, but by often Dreffings, as aforefaid, the Rains (when they happen) have a free Entrance, and confequently ftore the Earth with greater Quantities of Moifture, neceflary for the Support of Plants, chan when the Surface being hard and refifts, the Moifture cannot enter, but is immediately remanded back into the Atmofphere.. WET boggy Lands are beft drain’d dry by Trenches dug in prope Places, to convey away the too much Moifture tov fome proper Place of Reception ; and if {uch Trenches are filled at their Bottoms, about one Foot high, with Pot-fherds, Pebbles, Brick-bats, do’. they will always keep an open free Paflage for the Water ; and in want of them, a Laying of Bufhes, or Faggots of Beech, Alder, Ozier, @c. will en- dure many Years, and anfwer the fame End. % = ¥ ! PES Ae ae ee ee ; . The Fruirt-Garpven Iduftrated. 33 PAG AA Ree Mil The Manner of raving Fruit-Trees m a Nurfery ; their Grafiing, Lnoculating, and Manner of Tranf- planting againft Walls, Efpaliers, &c. @R]HE feveral Methods of saifing Fruit-Trees, are from Seeds, feyi| Kernels, Layers, Cuttings, Grafting, and Inoculation. THE feveral Kinds of Cherries, Apricots, Figs, Apples, Pears, Peaches, Plumbs, Walnuts, Service, and Mulberries now in being, were paehou: doubt originally taifed from their Seeds or Kernels ; ; but : to. propagate them, is, either Cuttings, Pa er aia SEES pak cae or be RE x THE feveral Kinds that may be propagated by Cuttings, are the different Sorts of Grapes and Figs ; but ’tis much the beft way to encreafe them by Layers. WHEN we are to encreafe them by Cuttings, we fhould juft before the Fall of the Leaf take off the Cuttings from the Mother-Plants ; and having prun’d them to Lengths of about two Feet each, plant them in an Eaft Border, well prepar'd by digging, dc. for their Reception, ob- ferving to lay them in floping, fo as their loweft Parts don’t exceed a Foot in Depth. They fhould not be nearer to each other than a Foot at the leaft, for begs are both Plants that require a ee deal of Aix to perfpire in. oT sc : eet ter THE 34 POMON A: Or, ‘Root’ caily in ‘the Spring. THE Vines muft be cut at a Bud, but the Figs muft not be topped, and if their Ends are but four or five Inches out of Ground © ‘Us fufficient. IT will be very proper to lay a Coat of good rotten Horfe-dung be- tween the Rows, which will not only keep the Earth warm thro out the Winter, but moift in the Spring, when they are ftriking Root, and advancing in their Growth. AND if they are fuffer'd to remain there be the Space of two Years, before they are planted out, ‘twill be much better, than to remove them the firft Year after planting, N. B. IF the Spring after the firft planting of the Cuttings proves dry, “twill be very neceffary to keep them moift, by fort Wa- terings, which will add <7 much to a ie Growth. ah Sie BUT the belt Way of rail ing thefe Fruits, is by Layers, becaufe that the “Mother-Plants are a conftant Support, during the whole Time of their ftriking Root. THE. beft Scafon for this Work is Oéfober, for then they have the whole Winter to imbibe fufhicient Siees, ase for their ftriking _ 7 THE other Kinds of Fruits, viz. Cherries, Apricots, Peaches, Beate : Plumbs, yc. being propagated by Grafting and Inoculating, we muft, ‘before we proceed thereto, confider of the beft Method of raifi ing the beft Kinds of Stocks for thofe Ufes. CHERRIES ate commonly budded or grafted on Chey Stocks, Rokk are raifed from the Stones of the common Black Cherry. APPLES are sated on Crab Socks: raifed from the Kernels of the Crab, as alfo on Stocks raifed from the Kernels of Apples, of which that called the Paradice, is the beft to graft on, to make Trees of a {mall Growth, and produce Fruits in great plenty very early. PEARS The FrRurt-Garven IIloftrated. 35 | PEARS are grafted upon Pear Stocks, raifed from the Kernels of the wild Hedge-Pear, and on Quince Stocks alfo, raifed from Cuttings or Layers. Thofe Pears that are grafted on Pear Stocks, are beft for light, mellow, warm Soils ; and thofe on Quince Stocks, for wet and cold Lands, fome few Sorts of Pears excepted, that will thrive better on Quinces then on Pear Stocks : ¢ contra. PEARS may be grafted on a White Thorn, and Cherries on the Laurel, but the Fruit is nothing the better, and Spee! 2 more. for Cutiog ity than Ufe. -— APRICO TS and Plumbs are both rais’d on Plumb Stocks, the firlt by Inoculation, the latter by Grafting. PEACHES and Netiarines are propagated by Inoculation, either on Peach Stocks, Almond Stocks, Mufcle, White Pear-Plumb, and St. Fulian Stocks. Thofe on Peach and Almond Stocks, are beft for hot light Lands, and the Plumb Stocks for thofe that are more ftrong and cold. But there are many Sorts of Peaches that are very difficult to make take 0 on. 1 either uee or Plumb ao that. will very eafily on the Apricot ; an | Ornrr o..the Cu rious, That all their Trees, which they intend to be of the bef Kind of Peaches and Neéta- rines, be firft made Apricot Trees by Inoculation, and afterwards budded with the feveral oe of Eanes that they defie t to have plenty. of. CHERRYI-S r ONE AY eae Kernels of Crabs and Pears, fhould be laid thin and well dry’d d, when firkt clear’d of their Pulps;, and as foon as the Moifture of the Winter. will permit, they fhould be fown in Beds of well-prepar ‘d Mould, that i is in Nature moderately light and moift ; being cover'd with. fine. Mould, about two Inches thick, and-a good. Coa of rotten Dung over that, to preferve them from the Winter’s Gals, during their Germination. | YOU muft not forget to fet a fufficient Number of Traps for the = each of Mice, which otherwife will deftroy the Kernels, and dif- "appoint you of your Hopes : A And in March, when the Frofts are over, : 2 and 26 POMONA: Or, and the Spring coming on, take away the Dung, and give the Surface a gentle Houghing over, that their tender Plumes may eafily rife thro’ the fame. IF the Weather proves dry during the Months of March, April and May, ‘twill be very proper to give them moderate Refrefhings of | Water, being always kept clean from Weeds, which every one is ex- pected to do, that is a Lover of Gardening. WHEN the young Seedlings are arrived to the Magnitude of a common Tobacco Pipe in their Stems, they fhould be tranfplanted out of the Seed-Beds into a Nurfery, planting them at 18 Inches Diftance from each other, in Lines three Feet afunder ; for then, by having a free Ait always circulating about them, they will become Trees much fooner than. when planted very clofe together, after the common Manner ufed in Nurferies ; where, for want of a free drying circulating Air, they cannot perfpire away the Crudities of their Sap, and confe- — quently cannot thrive. = WHEN the Stocks of our young Plantation are arrived to about half an Inch Diameter in their Stems, they are fit for Grafting and Inoculation. The firft Operation being to be perform’d in Lebruary and March, and the other in Zune and Fuly. _ = THE whole Care oF ae Works, is, fo take Cuttings of {uch Fruits as we would propagate, ftom Branches that are in a healthy and fruitful State, and not from fuch as are luxurious, which will not pro- duce any Fruit under a very long time ; and thofe of one Year's Growth are the beft. “TIS abfolutely neceflary to take off Cuttings for Grafting a. full Month before they are grafted, that, being fomething check’d, they may greedily imbibe the Juices of the Stocks as {oon as grafted, and thereby _ confirm their Unions inftantly, which Grafts that are cut from a Tree at the Inftant of Grafting cannot do, becaufe then they are as replete with Moifture as the Stock ; and therefore inftead of ftrongly attracting its Juices, inftantly perifh. | a 2 : BUT f . —— ee se eh PENT eS asadg idee Rts ng “Re Bae SF Re LU i etek Te a Geren SR yaya eee are mee ee Beg Pe eee TS ee The Fruit-Garpen Lduftrated. 37 BUT tho’ I advife the taking of Cuttings from Trees one’ Month before the Time of Grafting, yet it’ muft not be underftood that they are to lie out of the Earth all thar Time, bue muft) be Jaid with their great Ends, about three or four Inches in Length, in the Earth, well clofed about theni, under a North Wall, until) you immediately ufe them at the Time of Grafting CHERRIES and Plumbs are the firft Fruits we begin our sneliial with, which is generally about the Middle of February; Pears about the Beginning ; and Apples the Middle or End of; March, when the Sap is a little rarified by the Heat of the’ ‘Spring ; that isy:asfoon as the Bark will rife freely from the Wood. THERE are feveral Ways of Grafting BrniesTrees 5 fome . being _ proper for Stocks: that . are {mall ; others. for thofe that /are: moderately large ; and laftly, others for Trees that are very largely grown. THE feveral Methods. of Grafting may be coleiatd to ehrée, Wi%e ift, Whip or Splice Grafting, proper) for Stocks of. the {malleft Size ; | aly, Stock LG iplcnad prope for Stacks of " middle Size ; me — "ELE. neceffary Inftruments for thefe Works, are, a every vo Knife that cuts very fmooth and clean for cutting the Cions ; a good ftrong Pruning-Knife for to head the Stocks with ; a Saw to cut off fuch Branches as are too large for. the Knife; a Grfing Chea for: opening the Clefts in Stocks, whilft the Cions are placed : A good Quantity of found Bafs-Matting, with well-prepar'd Loam, well mix’d. with, fhor Horfe-dung ; and Wood-afhes, to work in their Hands when the Loam is a little too moift or clammy. BEING ae prepar'd, every thing i is in readinefs for Work 5 but tis much the better Way to have a Boy or Man to loam after you, than to loam your felf. 4 er L TREES POMON A:-O, . TREES that are intended for Standards,’ muft be headed ar about five Feet high ; lialf Standards at. three Feet; and Wall-Trtees at fix or eight laches above Ground. : THE Manner of Splice Gtafting (called Whip-Grafing) is perform’ d by making an oblique Section, or floping Cur like a Pen, in the Cion, (as the Section c, Fig. I. Plate I.) with a Slit upwards from near the Bottom ; then having cut a fmall Part out of ‘the Top of the Scock, fit for the Reception of the Cion, as the inward. Section d, Fig. IV. with a downright Slic therein}. a8 d ; place thereon the Cion ab, fo-as the Slit of the Cion, being in-the Slit of the’Stock, the lower Patt of the Cron y; Fig. II. may be exactly fmooth with the. lower Part.of the Cut in the Stock at ¢,Fig. TV. And if it happens that the Breadth of the Stock is greater than’ the Breadth: of the Cion, be fure that’ you place the Cion to one Side‘of the Stock; fo as’ for theit Barks to lie “exactly fmooth and even with each other ; for°then ‘theit ‘Sap-Veflels being placd dire@tly over each other, they can the eafier unite together. If, when you have plac’d your Cion in the Stock, he do not fit clofe together, you mutt, with’ Bafs-Mat, ‘bind them dots fo that the ‘Wet or Air cannot get in between, and difunite their Union: You muft alfo be careful to {ee them well loamed ; that the Loam is well clofed at the Tops and Bot- toms; that it is not put on too wet, which will caufe it to fall imme- daly, = that ‘tis well 1 work di in all its = fo as to ad no Cracks thi eink. on _ WHEN you hea down a Stock for Grafting, you muft be ‘arena to cut it: off at a Place aoe the Bark is perfeealy fmooth, and free from Cankers, MoSs, Or. ‘TIS sbishaely oe that you cut your Cuttings or Cion again{t a Bud, as at b, Fag. 1. and that you haye at leaft two others above it, for ‘tis by the attractive Power of the Buds, that the Cions draw Nourifhmene and ‘grow. AND 1 Meera Se Ree Ee Si nie a RD, Seale ena a The Frv1tGaAaRvEéNn» Muftrated. 39 AND. ‘tis alfo highly neceflary that juft.under the Graft, asat if, 4 Bud be left, to.attract Nourifhment for she nae of the Graf, and perfpire away the Crudities thereof. . IN May, when, the Cions are united, and have sched Shoots; you muft releafe them of their ‘Bandage, ‘(the Bafswith which you bound them) or otherwife they cannot dilate themfelves with Freedom, and’ confequently will not thrive fo well. You muft alfo at this time dif- charge the Stocks of all cheir lateral Branches, which’ beled were fuffer'd m0 grow, to draw up the. Bere 3 as. alors oft) STOCE Grafting? or Cane i in fe Cle, Sil, uled for Aygles is a as follows: FIRST, kazing Aeseemnita your Pe to ste at, fee. joie Eckle Foot againft the Stock, and with your Pruning-Knife “cut ic off floping, (as vt, Fig. Wl. Plate 1.) ; then placing your Foot at h, againft the Stock to keep it ftedfaft, fmooth down the Head of the Stock horizon- tally, as the Line./ k,. fo. will: the Head of your Stock become level; as. i lig. Ut. AM being, done, apply the pepe of your Pruning-Knife Mallet, wae 7 Clee i ih, and fo is me ome ‘ Gion gm, Fig: ¥e: ready to receive the BUT this arith of fing down the sie, {moothing, and cleaving them, fhoiild be done by another'Hand; that you may have nothing ito do but cut’ che: Cions and fix sors in’ the Stocks 5 which = as follows: ols et rataea Wot: THE eae sie clef, you ent teclce cut otk Cioh in ie Fog of a Wedge, as » m Fig. V.. which muft always. be cut’ from # Bud, as at m, for the Reafons aforefaid ; and then with 4. Grafting- Chizel open the Slit, and place the Cion therein, fo as that their Barks may be exactly even and {mooth. 49 eP Or Mi OuUNe AR OF; BUT if the Bottom of the Cut, Part of the Cion d, were cut ob- liquely, as at o Fig. VI. they would be eafier and better, placed ; and. then being loamed, as aforefaid, the Work is ‘done. 19 WHEN Stocks: are very large, fo as not to be cleft, they muft be grafted in the Rind, an. old and common: Way, well known to moft Countrymen, and:therefore {hall omit that: Defcription. ~ BESIDES all thefe feveral Ways of Grafting, there are many others that are practis'd in. Hertford and Devonfbire, by the Propagators’ of Cyder Fruits, which are not worth the Notice of the Curious, and there- fore left. out. ‘qaaldieds.1 : ! | THE Manner of In-arching, or Grafting by Approach, being chiefly uled.on,Orange-Trees, I fhalb therefore omit ‘that, fince the Culture of fuch Exoticks are intended for another Work. © at doo} INOCULATION or Budding (and indeed Grafting alfo) is much fooner learned, and better underftood) by feeing the Operations per- form’d by a° skilful Nurferyman, than by Ten thoufand Words ; and therefore:to offer any Diagrams of thar Kind would be necdlefs, BUT however it mayn't be amifs if I fhould {peak.a Word or two in relation to the proper Seafons, Choice of Cuttings, @'c, THE Seafon for) inoculating Fruit-Trees, is, from the middle of Fune.to about the middle of Fuly, whilft the Bark rifes freely from the Wood ; and if the Weather is cloudy and wer, ’tis fo:much the better, becaufe, that whilft the Operations are performing, the Sap, both of the Bud and-Stock, -are-not prejudic’d by Heat : And therefore if the Seafon happens to be dry; the only Times of the Day for this Work, is, very early inva Morning, and late in an Evening,’ juft before the Sun is below the Horizon. 9919.53. song. | Amy . é ‘TIS as neceffary to be curious in the Choice of Cuttings from fruit- ful Branches for Inoculation, as was before faid for Grafting 5 bur Raid | thefe PO Oe ee ee : 4 a TT ee Ee ee a Ce a ee ee eee ‘Sign The Fru1tT-Garven JMuftrated, thefe for Inoculation fhould be ufed as foon as they are taken from the Tree, or otherwife put in Water, and kept frefh till ufed. ONE Bud in a Stock is enough to form a good Tree; but tis much the better Way to put two Buds in each Stock, left one only fhould fail. IN the Choice of Cuttings, particular Care fhould be had to their Buds, viz. That they are not Bloflom-Buds, which are known by being double, and never produce Shoots, as we defire when we ino- culate. And likewife that they are not Shoots that always liv’d in the Shade, whofe Buds are immature for want of Perfpiration : but fuch that are ftrong, not luxurious, that always poffefled a free circulating Air, and of the fame Year's Growth. WHEN three Weeks or a Month is paft, after Inoculation, you fhould releafe them of their Bandage, that the Stock may have a free Dilatation : And if your Buds have taken, they will appear very plump and of their natural Colours, as when firft put in. If that Part of the Leaf which is left to the Eye of the Bud drop off freely, ‘tis a good if ic withers and fticks firm thereto, *tis LIG).. avino Or acac : s : el ee that they are unite a te Aly a I IN February, after Inoculation, you muft furvey your Stocks, and thofe that have their Buds perfe& muft be headed off, about three Inches above them, that in March the whole Nourifhment of the Stock may be fully applied to the Growth of the Bud, which the firft Year will be very confiderable, and efpecially if all the lateral Shoots of the Stock are difplac’d when they appear. THE Matculine, Orange, and Roman Apricots, are the firft Fruits that fhould be inoculated ; and after them, Cherries, Peaches, Plumbs, Pears, doc. And it often happens, that if you take the Advantage of the Beginning of the Seafon, you may, before the Seafon is gone, Re- inoculate fuch that have miffed at your firft Inoculation. M PEACH 41 42 POMONA: Or, PEACH Stocks are generally large enough to graft the firft Year after their Kernels are fet ; but Cherry Stocks, Plumb Stocks, ¢c. not till the third Year, and ineiind not till the fourth. THE next Spring after the Buds have made their Shoots, thofe Parts of the Stocks which were left above the Buds, fhould be cut away clofe to the Bud, and cover'd with a Salve made of Mutton- fuet, Bees-wax, and Rofin, as I fhall dire in my Chapter on Pruning the Branches of Fruit-Trees, to preferve the Stock from the Injuries of Wet, which is oftentimes deftructive to them. 43 CHAP. Vit Of ASPECTS and their Accivents. Pager) | is very unreafonable to expec that two South, or Eaft, BT EX coc. Walls, in the fame Latitude, planted with the fame Fruits, Re, of the fame Age atid Goodnels, fhould produce Fruits equally as good and early, when the Soil of the one is a moderate, light, warm Loam, and the other a ftrong, cold Brick-Earth, or Clay. THESE different. Natures and Qualities in Soils are feldom confider’d, and therefore when good. Kinds of Bbick are Pee in bad Soils, of in =: : ple at: d) or elfe chs Judg- ‘ment of the Gardener is coederninet yn that he. may happen to be one of the beft Sort, as Gardeners are now a-Days. AND wher'it falls out'thara bad Soil aad 4 bad Gatdener happeri to — meet together, which is the very Cafe of ten Gardens to one thro’out England, then the Production muft confequently be very bad. I HAVE known fome Eaft, and even North-Eaft Walls, whofe Soils have been very kind, produce better and earlier Peaches and Cherries, than fome South and South-Eaft Walls, whofe Soils have been very wet and cold : Therefore when People have good Afpects and bad Soils, ” ‘tis impoffible they can have any good Fruits : Hence it appears, that to have good Fruits, we muft firlt confult our Soil, and if, upon Examination, it appears to be incapable of the Productions we expect, — why then our only Bufinefs is to help Nature in the beft Manner that our Place and Conveniency will permit. 2 Sats fe ae enUs 44 THUS much for the different Natures of Soils; now I will proceed to {peak fomething in relation to Afpects in general. 3 SINCE that Mr. Hales in his Vegetable Staticks, p. 127. has fhewn the Probability of Rains and Dews being imbibed by Vegetables at their Leaves, in which are many crude Particles, which, when confin’d, or in two great a Quantity, are injurious to the Growth of Trees ; we muft therefore confider of fuch Afpeéts, that will admit the Sun’s In- fluence. to diffipate them before they become prejudicial. | THESE Crudities are firft diffipated from the Eaft and South-Eaft Walls, which laft declining about 20 Degrees, is the very beft Afpe for moft Kinds of Fruits: Next to this is the South and South-Welt ; and laft of all the Weft. And as the South-Weft and Wet Afpects retain the Crudities of the Dew longer in the Day (which oftentimes chills the Fruits) than the South-Eaft and South, fo. are their Fruits of a lower Flavour, and later ripe. = | THE Weft Afpect receives the Sun when ‘tis paft the Meridian, viz. about one o Clock, (tho’ very obliquely) which being late in the Day, thofe Crudities do therefore remain a long while before they are dif- perfed ; and ‘tis therefore that the Fruits of a Welt Afpedt -are eightor ten Days later in ripening, than thofe of the South-Eaft and South, . DIRECT Eaft Walls have the Crudicies of the Dew foon diffj- pated ; bur then they have but little of the Sun, for at eleven the Rays become very oblique, and the Heat very little, and foon after none at all. : | | BUT a direct Eaft Wall is far preferable to a dire& Welt Wall, becaufe the Heat of the Day comes gradually on it, and leaves it in its Meridian of Heat ; but a Weft Wall is only favour’d in the Violence of the Heat, by the Obliquity of the Sun’s Rays, as they firft fall thereon, which caufe the Heat to be much more gradual, than if they were to fall direét at their firft Onfet, eet a a ” a ee ae ~ * ® re ~~ ” “+ - ia < r *. od Wiad ee) ? - «, de i le * * tT}. * p> Ae Bin ¥ “3 The Fr UI T-G aR Bx w LDuftrated. — 1D, >. ail ; a. . . : W HEN fudden Heat comes on Ffuits, it fhtinks their Sap-Veflels, and confequently they cannot imbibe and receive {o great a Quantity of Nourifhment. This is the Cafe of dire Weft Walls ;.and ‘tis therefore that their Fruits are leffer in Magnitude than thofe of the South and South-Eaft, which receive their Heat by Degrees, “TIS obfervable that in England the hotteft Part of the Day in the Summer Seafon, is about two or three in the Afternoon, when the Heat is oftentimes fo “very great, as to exhale away more Moifture than is neceflary ; and confequently at all fuch Times the Goodnels of Fruits is greatly diminifh’d ; therefore when we have it in our Power to make our own Choice, we fhould chule fuch an Alpe, whofe Situation is fuch, that at that very hor Part of the Day, it fhould be difcharged of that violent Heat. ; NOW feeing that the hor Part of the Day generally happens when the Sun is nearly South-Weft, it therefore follows, that at that timea South-Eaft Wall, declining 20 Degrees, is nearly fhaded ; for as the Rays are then very oblique, they have not fo great a Power on the a more than ordinary Quantity of Sap-Veflels, as to exhauft away about 20 Degrees, 1s thé very beft of alle . AF nope | ae — THIS being judicionfly confider’d, ’tis very eafy to account for the Reafons of a South-Eaft being better than a dire South Afpect : For when the South-Eaft Afpeét is difcharged from the extreme Heat of the Day, the direct South Afpeé is ftill expofed to it, whereby its Fruits are oftentimes injur'd, by having their Sap-Veflels dried by the extraordinary Heat thereof. NORTH Afpeéts, in warm Summers, will produce good Plumbs, and Duke Cherries, when thofe of the Eaft, South, and Weft Walls are gone, and Morello Cherries alfo. me ‘ os ee, AEB naa, at s NORTH-We and South-Weft Walls are obferv'd to produce good Apricots 5 and, if I may be allow’d to {peak my Opinion, much better | than a South Wall, (tho’ not fo early) becaufe that the extraordinary a , oe Heat = - f a oF, POMONA: Or, leffer Heat. Heat of a South Wall canfes them to be mellow and meally as foon as ripe, which they are found not to be when planted againft Afpects of SOUTH Afpeéts are only liable to too much Heat in the latter Part of the Day, as before obfervd. EASTERN Afpects are only liable to the drying cold Eafterly Winds, which being of a very dry exhaling Nature, do oftentimes exhauft too great a Quantity of Moifture from the Blofloms of Fruits, whereby they perifh. THE Weft Walls being fully defended from the exhaling Nature of thefe Winds, are therefore more fruitful ; but they are fully expofed to the Weltern Winds that blow in the Autumn, which are rather more pre- judicial to Standard than Wall Trees. CHAP | : | ‘ AD) SNe hl? Sg Te Be a eR Nl ee ee nS oe ee ae Sg Cag Oi ae a ce a. A ce ae ee eee Tear te eee Bee cE en nay fen Tl) Neer mee eR See a a er ne nw oe eke uke ee eo v ; «e Tee wn . e ee ; es een | iene m 23 ? or ih Sc ae ee ee ; Sd ATS Ax. Of the Manner of Planting Forest-Trees, to defend Plantations of Fruits from the Injuries of - North, Eaft, and Weft Winds. TOGOMIHE molt proper Kinds of Trees for this Purpofe, are the Lime-Tree, the Englifb and Dutch Elms, Horfe-Chefnuts, Abeles, Poplars, oc. . THE firft Work to be done, is to prepare the Soil fit to plant in ; a enti mon Trenching’ is sing-pesform’d_asearly in the Winter as the Seafon will permit, which is alfo che beft Time to plant in. and if happens to be naturally a good frefh deep Loam, then a com- & Cle “BUT if your Land is poor, then you muft help it with frefh Earth, Compolt, dc. and if perfectly barren, then you mutt fink Holes of ten Feet Diameter, and two Feet Depth, taking away the barren Earth, and make good again with frefh untried Earth, Compolt, oc. as recom- mended in the firft Chapter hereof. 55 SOMETIMES it happens that the firft Spit is very good, and the next good for nothing, which is much better than when the whole is bad, becaufe then the lefler Addition of frefh Earth, dc, will fuffice. BEFORE you plant your Trees, place the Turf at the Bottom of the Hole, being chopp’d very {mall ; then raifing a fmall Hill of fine ’ fe(h Earth where the Tree is to be plac’d, bed the Roots therein, and carefully fill in and clofe them well about all cheir Parts, that there be no 1 | hollow es . : ¢ % x a . * ih — a ee pe . ‘ “ 4 Pe ye 4 ‘ ‘ . 3 - *y ee . ‘ , ’ AS. “ie % * - ye * pee oe hie. B a: oh i * 2 a rs 48 ‘PO M 0 N*A rer; 3 i hollow Places left, ‘whee the Banka cannot uk ibeut their Roots, which | oftentimes is the Death of many fine Trees. THE Method of Planting Trees in Pap, much practisd by that great Encourager of Planting and Gardening, the Honourable ames Fobnfon of Tavickenbam, is a very fure Way for the well mixing of Earth about every {mall Fibre, whereby the Roots are enabled to imbibe Moifture with great Force. WHEN Lands are wet and cold, plant fhallow, and in the Spring ; but if hot and dry, or moderately moift,’a moderate Depth, and as foon in the Winter as the Moifture of the Seafon will permit. THE Diftance that thefe Plantations of Defence fhould be from the Walls or Bounds of your Fruit Plantation, fhould be about 50 or 60 Feet, or more if your Land will permit, THEIR Diftiinces in the Rows may be 10, 12, 15, 20, re. Feet, for as I have already proved that the clofer together Trees are planted, the more they afpire in Height, do’c. therefore the nearer they are planted, the fooner they will become ufeful. BUT it will be convenient that between every Row there be left a {ufficient Diftance, that their lower Branches may enjoy a free drying Ait, or otherwife they will become faturate with Sap, for want of free Perfpiration, and thereby perifh. Forty or fifty Feet between each Line is fufficient for Engl/b Elms, Lime Trees, Horfe Chefnuts, ¢o°e; but for Abele, Poplars, Withy, 5%. 60 or 70 Feet, which laft fhould never be planted but in very wet and cold Land, where the others will not thrive. IF by the Situation of Hills, Clefts, oc. any Part of your Garden is more than ordinary expos‘d to violent Winds, the beft Way to guard - them, is to plant Clumps or Platoons of fuch Foreft-Trees that are moft natural to the Soil, at proper Diftances, fo as to deftroy the Vise ae before it reaches our Fruit-Garden, THE ie ans x. tg . bad : 72 “agi” : ; a s, ue 4 Minit F TZ sere Fe, a> TS om = Bin ee ae - ry : a $. ~ + : a ae The Frort-Ganpen. duftrated. 49 * ~ > = ¥ « vw * . 2 ¥ * x ™ = ae. a rs o *. THE Advice given by the quot er the Retir’d Gardener, for Pruning off the lateral eis hes of the fi-dds of Foreft-Trees,at their Time’ of Planting, to Pyramidical Shapes, is entirely wrong ; forthofe Arms fo cut off, are ever after as fo many Conduits or Pipes, imbibing or cons veying Rains into the Trunks, which very often caufe their Death. AND (as he very juftly obferves) ’tis alfo very prejudicial to Head | thofe Trees ; therefore if we hope for Succefs in thefe Plantations, pre- ferve the Roots in as great a Quantity as poffible, mix and clofe the Earth well about them; cut clofe all Side Branches, and carefull prelerye their Heads. } WHEN your Trees are ‘planted, be careful of fecuring them with Stakes, from the Infults of Wind and Cattle, and cover the Surface of the Ground three or four Inches thick, for about two or three Feet about their Stems, with long Horfe-dung, Fern, ¢’c. to preferve their Roots from the Injuries of Cold in the Winter, and Heat in the Summer : And if thefe Coverings were cover’d with Earth about three or four Inches thick, - ‘twould add very much to the Prefervation of the Trees. "H angof Bal ut the ry new- planted Tree, being 5 ep to every Gardener sed fay nothing thereof ; but if the March and April, after planting, fhould be very — T Keone recom- mend to his Care, that they be well water’d, at leaft once a Week, to fupply the Expence of Perfpiration, at that time when their tender Fibres are feeking out for PROD Nourifhment. G2 CH ss 50 POMONA: Or, GBA Ps Of the Velocity wherewith Nourifhment enters the Roots of Fruit-Trees; and the Reafons and Manner nes Pruning their Roots and Heads at the Tt 1me of ~ Tranfplanting. GareiHE Reafon that Gardeners give for reducing the Heads of fai ‘Irces at the Time of Planting, is very juft; for they fay, if they are not reduced, their Roots cannot fupport them, be- caufe that in taking them up many are cut and broke off, and hereby: being lefs in Quantity, are lefs able to imbibe Nourifhment for their Support, and confequently fhould be proportionably reduc’d. OF this likewife all our famous Authors on Gardening, from the Time of Adam to this prefent ‘Moment, take Notice, and fay, that for the aforefaid Reafon, the Heads of Trees muft be’ reduced at their Planting ; but not one of them as yet has ever attempted to lay down a reafonable Rule for the Performance thereof, or can any do more than fay it muft be fo. But fince Demonftration is undeniable and felf-evident, I fhall here communicate two Experiments which I made this Summer, that will demonftrate the Truth thereof, and lead the Curious in Planting into a reafonable and demonftrable Method of Pruning. EXPERIMENT |. = MADE Choice of a Roman Nectarine Tree, that was in a thriving sas, whole Leaves were a equal, which I number’ d, and found = 2 them The Frouirt-Garven I[dpfirated. 51 them to be 612: Then on a Piece of Paper I drew parallel Lines, at + of an Inch Diftance from each other, as the Lines aa, dc. Fig. VI. Plate 1. and alfo others at the fame parallel Diftance, at Right Angles to the former, as bb, @c. conftituting little Geometrical Squares, each containing ;2 Part of an Inch. THIS being done, I laid one of the Leaves thereon, and with a Black Lead Pencil traced about the Edges of the Leaf, and then numbering the little Squares within that traced Line, I found their Number to be 116, which being divided by 16, gives {quare Inches 7 }. 16)116(7 4 , $4922 4 remains, equal to 7, or 4. N. B. WHEN the Leaves of a Plant are of different Magnitudes, awbich generally happens, they muft be feparated into as many different Parcels ; and then meafuring the Surface of one im each Parcel, and knowing the Number of Leaves therein, may proceed as hes oF 144 .. wi Mrouble Conn the Le > (bec fpiration is perform’d as well by the under, as rhe t upper Part of the Leaf) and the Product will be the Area of all the Leaves. 612 tn 4 bas gh Inches, the Area of the Leaves. HAVING thus obtain’d the Surface of the Leaves, whereat. their Moifture is perfpired away, I then proceeded to find the Surface of their Roots, where they imbibed and received it. For whatever ae the | ce 52 POMOWN?*A: Or, Surface of the Roots of every Plant naturally bears cto the Surface of their Leaves, fo are their imbibing and perfpiting Powers proportionable ; and according to thofe Proportions muft the Heads of Plants be reducd, when tran{y planted. I DUG up the Neétarine Tree carefully, and prefervd all its Roots, (the very Fibres excepted) : It had five main Roots, extending them- felves nearly horizontally, about three or four Feet: from the -Scem, with many lateral Roots of different Lengths : The Girts. of each of the main Roots, at the Body of the Tree, were three Inches, and the Length of each being three Feet ; therefore multiplying 36 Inches, which is equal to three Feet, by.1 2, the half Girt at the Stem, it being conical, the Product willbe the Surface of one main Root. Produ&. .. ~ - a. Dee foteare Inches, | ‘ Which: multiply a again, by. ge the Number of main Roots 5 Podge se 170 Ke ee the oe E five main Roots. Each’ main Root “had (one with the other) 430 lateral Roots, whofe mean Girt, at the main Root, was half an Inch, (the large ones next the Stem or Body of the Tree being a full Inch, and thofe at the. extreme Part of the main Roots, 3 of an Inch, whofe half is half an Inch, the mean Girt. thro” out). The Length of the largeft and longeft 7 thefe lateral Roots was each about nine Inches ; and of the fmalleft and fhorteft, about three Inches ; therefore hick mean Length is fix Inches. Now 430, the Number of lateral Roots on one main Root, being multiplied by 6 Inches, their mean Length, the Pro- duct will be their whole nc — oO cae 2 4495 TE we divide the Area oft the sediue by the Area of the Rog the Quotient will difcover their Analogy to each other. 3495)8874(2 Hi 6990 1884 remains, equal to 4444, which being reduc d.to its loweft Denomination sli is fomething more than 4. bs NOW SF ‘POM ON.-A: vOr; NOW fince that the Surfaces of the Roots,:whereat the Nourifhment is imbibed, are full 2 lefs than the Surfaces of the Leaves, .where.-the Perfpiration is petformed ; it therefore. follows, that! the! Velocity::with which Moifture enters the Roots, muft be 3 greater than that of Per- {piration. Bat . HENCE it is that the Roots of Plants, whofe upper Parts are of : great Growths, fhould be preferv’d in as great an Abundance as pofible ; and we are hereby taught the Reafon of reducing the Heads of Plants at the Time of Planting. | sees ee — FOR fince that the Head of this Tree in its natural Growth, when its Roots were all perfect and fixd in the Earth, did then make fuch a Demand of Moifture for its common Support, that caufed the Velocity in the Roots to be } greater than in the Leaves; we may from thence concludes That the reducing ‘its Head at the ‘Time of Planting wasiabfo- lutely neceffary. == | | W fic rho0s Sos” 2008 aise: svt od) 10 sspA sens bbs aid Tr IN this very Point of Planting-many People ‘are’ much out, becaute that reducing the Heads of Trees at firft Planting, caufes them to have a lefler Appearance than they defire, and therefore will not fuffer them to be reduced proportionable to their Roots ; fo that they “eithér ‘remain in a decaying languifhing State, ot inftantly dic; for their Roots being much reduced by removing, they cannot imbibe Moifture fufficient for the Support of their. Heads, which are then in too great a Quantity. Therefore “tis always to be remembred, at the Time of Pruning and Planting, that the greater Proportion the Area of the Roots bears to that of their Leaves, fo much the more they will be enabled to imbibe: Nourifhment for the Support of the Plant, which confequently will thereby be rhioire vigorous in its Growth, and better able to endure dry Seafons, Cc, NOW, in Confideration that this Experiment has proved, that the Sap, which is the Life of Vegetables, (as Blood is of Animals) mutt pals much fwifter thro’ the Surface of thé Roots than Leaves, it therefore ‘Olows, ‘that ‘tis very reafonable, when Treés of any Kind: are’ taken out of Nurferies, ec. for tranfplanting, their Roots fhould be preferv'd at as great a Quantity as is poffiblé, that Nature may have the greateft aoe Liberty The FrRu1T-GarRveEN IIluftrated. 55 Liberty of imbibing Moifture fufficient: for the Support of che then’ re- duced Plant... The Confideration hereof I recommend to the fetious Confideration of myBrother-Gardeners,and indeed to all others concertied in the. Planting of Fruit and Foreft-Trees, which are very often loft for want of Judgment herein. THE great Want of this Difcovery has caufed ‘the Death of many Thoufand valuable Plants, ‘that have died -by being -unskilfully: pruned at their Time of Planting, .For Gardeners have but one Rule ot Me- thod for pruning the Roots of all Kinds of Plants, and even tharthey can give no manner of Reafon for: For was’any, one of them. to be ask’d fuch a Queftion,. their Anfwer would be, “ Why I know it to be fo, my “ Father or Mafter did always ule to prune in, this Manner, | sand their “ Trees feldom died, and I my felf have practis'd the fame, as taught by “ them, with good Succefs ; I know it by Experience, which is the beft | Mafter:” And foon, without confidering the gréat Demand of Noutifh- ment that Nature makes in one Kind of Vegetable more than another, according to their different Growths, which caufe.as; great a Difference in the Manner of pruning their Roots... ... iq swiS, for Example... aif vty: em eR NET ee LT is obferv’d, that the Cabbage (whic Pia Vegdebleoker cack Growth above Ground) draws its Sap.with a very great Force, (its Roots being naturally but few, when compar'd with Vegetables, whofe Roots are much more, as Dutch Box, and Growth much flower) : So that from hence it appears, That Plants of a quick Growth and ftrong imbibing Nature, fhould have as much Root allow’d them, at Planting, : pape 4 — A fx0% Ks th Se £4 Pugh fi yt) > (RS 22a See Se as poffible. a BX P ERA ME NG tog? @ ~~ . MADE a fecond Experiment in the like mannet‘on a Batterfea Cabbage, that was about half grown, and found that the Surface of ‘its Leaves exceeded the Surface of the Roots near twelve times 5 fo that the Roots did imbibe Moifture with near twelve times the Velocity that the Leaves perfpir'd it away. And were that Cabbage-Plant to have been planted again, the Leaves of the Head muft have béen proportionably reduc’d, as £6 PO M:O N.AcoG, . as 12 is to 1, of rather as 15 to.1, becaufe that there isa continuabDe- © mand of Nourifhment by the Head, during all the Time. that Nature _ is preparing its new Fibrous Roots, to ftrike frefh again into the Earth. WE may obferve from this Experiment of the Cabbage, ‘that as their Growth is naturally very quick and great, and Roots {mall in Proportion to their Heads, (whereby their Nourifhment is imbibed with great Velocity) the Soil wherein they are planted f{hould ‘be very rich and full ‘of Moifture ; for otherwife their very great imbibing Force would foon exhauft it dry, and thereby perifh. And ‘tis always feen, that where-ever Cabbages, -Colliflowers, Savoys, @’c. are planted, they impoverifh the Ground very much, altho’ perhaps ‘twas in good Heart atotheir firft planting ; and the like of all thas Plants in abe oh to their more or lefs Quantity: of Roots. an ta WE fhould alfo obferve’ the various 6: Diftiibutions of the Roots of Plants 3 for thereby we ate in part directed how to adapt them to “their proper Soils : “Thus Nature informs us, that’ the Flax, Arbutus, Enghi/p Oak, and many other Plants that naturally produce Downright or Tap- Roots, delight in very deep-holding Lands ; and others, as the Ath, Elm, Lime, @c. whofe Roots run nearly horizontally within two and three Feet Depth, love Land ¢ chac is rick and | thallow. _ THE different ‘Velocities of im bing ‘and Gaia: Nourifhment Being ‘accounted for, “tis very “ealy t to conceive the Reafons of pruning the Heads of Fruit-Trees at the Time of Planting, and that the more they are reduc’, the better it is ‘for them. AND, as it has been obferv'd before that Plants perfpire whilft they are ftriking Root, ‘tis therefore that Moifture is abfolutely neceflary-ac... Planting, to fuppore them until they are enabled to attract Nourifhment shertifelves which Moifture ought to be no more than is agreeable to the Nature = the Plants ; for I haye feen many Trees kill’d (and par- 3 ticularly Ever-greens) by: having too great a Quantity: of Moifture : 3 there- es mage “ay re ted and cold Lands beware of - ae satan 2 eS aS eer See The FRu1tT-GarvDeEN Jiuftrated. 57 THE Seafons for Planting Fruit-Trees, are, Oéfober and February ; the firft in Lands that are moderately light and warm, the laft in Lands that are cold and wet: TREES planted in light warm Soils, in Ofober, or fooner if the Seafon permits, will {trike Root before the Winter comes on, and vi- goroufly fhoot in the Spring : But if Trees are planted at that Seafon in very wet and cold Lands, the too much Moifture will rot their Roots, or at leaft chill them fo very much that they very feldom recover it. ALL new planted Trees, of both Seafons of Planting, fhould be kept waterd in March and April, when thofe Months prove dry, or otherwife they feldom make good Shoots the firft Year, *Tis abfolutely neceflary to cover the Surface of the Earth, at leaft one Foot about the Stems of the Trees, with well rotted Horfe-dung, plac’d in the Form of a Cup, the better to receive the Water when any is given ; which Dung not only preferves the Moifture from being fuddenly exhaled away, but communicates a Nourifhment at watering alfo. ) _.WHEN jou plant Wall Trees, place their Roots about nine Inches or 2 Foot from the Watts“wielewehei ds.swithin.an.tInch. the eof : For when their Roots are planted clofe to the Wall, as is commonl the Ignorant, their Bodies burft out from the fame as they increafe in - Magnitude, and thereby cannot be kept in a handfome clofe Order. THE Heads of Wall-Trees at Planting fhould be reduc’d to the firft four Side Buds, above the Graft or Place of Inoculation, becaufe that from four Shoots we may form a good Tree. ALL forward Buds fhould be ilplced as foon_as they begin to hoot, that thofe which lie parallel to the Wall, may receive the full Benefit of the Nourifhment. ’ % ae ae IF the firft Shoots appear to be very ftrong and luxurious, when they have form’d four Buds, nip off their Ends, which will oblige Nature to force out a Branch at every Bud, and fo by diftributing the Sap of each Branch in four {mall ones, they will become fruitful, and not luxu- 3 | Q rious, POMONA: Or, rious, as they would have been, had the Sap been wholly imployed in one Shoot only. BEHIND the Place of Inoculation, or of Grafting in every Wall Tree, there is a {mall Part of the Stock which is generally dead, which at Planting muft be cut clofe to the Shoot, and placed next to the Wall ; For when they are placeed outwards, as fometimes is done by unskilful Planters, they imbibe Wet, which oftentimes rots the Body of the Stock in a fhort Time. _ | ‘TIS abfolutely neceflary and very advantageous to cover the Wounds of Trees, when cut, with a Salve that will pteferve them from the In- juries of Wet and Cold. The Compofition is as follows ; Take half a Pound of Rofin, a quarter of a Pound of Bees-wax, the fame Quantity of Pitch, and two Ounces of Mutton-fuet ; mele them together, and when moderately cool’d, fo as to be liquid, drefs the Wounds with a Feather, Brufh, @’c. and no Wer or Cold can penetrate or injure them. ALL Wall Trees that are budded or grafted very low, fhould have their Grafts, when planted, about two or three Inches above Ground ; but do not on this Account plant their Roots over deep, for the Reafons before deliver'd. . r preparing STANDARD-Trees are planted as Wall-Trees and Dwarfs ; and a ‘much better to cut “in: their Heads’ very clofe, than to plant. chem ‘ ~verylarge. If swe are'careful to prune at under Buds, as directed for Dwarfs, and rub away all other inward Buds, we. age form song hand- fome Heads i in the firft a; i ooTHE: darger Seandard-Tres are, fo that:they are = rooted, the | bier, and will produce Fruits: fooner; ‘and in greater seni than fuch ERE “K 60 POMON A: @, fuch {mall Trees, which are ufually planted, provided that they are fe- cured from the Injuries of Cattle, Winds, de. THE Diftance of Fruit-Trees from one another, is a very material Point to be confider’d in Planting ; for if we plant too near, we foon exhanft our Soil, and deftroy our Trees, for want of Air for Perfpi- ration ; and if we plant too thin, we fuffer a Lofs by having lefs than we eS se but of the two Evils the laft is the beft. PEAR-Trees require much Room to extend themfelves, and fome Kinds more than others, as the Summer Bon-cretien, and many other Kinds, which when I come to their Defcription I fhall take Notice of ; but in general we may affign 30.Feet for their Diftance. And if between every two Trees we plant two others of different Kinds, as a Plumb and a Cherry, or a Peach and an Apricot, to be cut away as the Growth of the Pears require, we fhall have no Lofs in the Walling, during the Time of theit Growth. re eet gh ie Be Pepi aes Fy ae ae . THE Filferincliain or Foderingham Plumb, (Fig. VI. Plate XX.) alfo | — ie called the Sheen Plunb, in refpect to its being a favourite Plumb sto : ae tee pe DR sbi A: ia Se y ss hath | Sic William Temple, who lw'd at Sheen neat Réchmon ses} Surry ee | its Pulp very firm and crifp, full of an excellent rich”Juice, and comes — from the Stone... Next the Sun tis a dark but a pleafant Red, a lictle «YTS Skin is Something “bard, when Seafons are’ Wet and’Cold ; and at fach Times “tis very apt to opef at its Bloffom-End, ets : Tis an excellent Fruit againft a South-Eaft Wall, bur very ca — palier : Ripe 4 1727. South-Ealt Wall. when a Standard or Efpalier + Ripe July v4, 1727 es a - 2a = ~ S . * ¢ . Sor ; _ " ne Mott fa Lae Ss Z : ef ae eed Tt ax & We: ay igh y aon me Soe ’ * ” fais 2 3 >. a“ & . Pe "te # 92 : POMON A: Qr, ee ~ - ~ eae a | *, ( j= SBHE Imperial, (Fig. v. Plate XX.) or Red Bonum Mechiie is a | beautiful but fomething coarfe Plumb, when eaten raw ; and therefore ‘tis oftner ufed for Baking, Reclervinw @c. and is then much efteem’d, by the Curious: Ripe Fuly 15. North-Weft Wall. THE Violet Plumb (Fig. Vil.) an old but valuable Plumb, either | for the Table or Tarts: The Pulp is of a greenifh Yellow, cover'd with a deep blue Skin, with a moft pleafant Violet Flew ; ‘tis a great Bearer, and worth the Notice of the moft Curious : Ripe Fuly 15,1727. Weft Wall. : ' | THE Royal (or Sit Charles Worfley’s) Plumb, Fig. VIN. Plate XX.) fo called in. refpeét to its very rich fugar’d juicy Pulp, which cleaves ‘One, and is cover'd with a light Red about the Bloflom-End, \ with faint red Specks from the fame, ending i in a yellowifh Green: *Tis beft inywarm moift Lands, being fubje& to rot upon the Tree before ripe in wet eee andlofes very much of its fine, rich, acid. Flavour, "Tis a tet, and may be july p plac’d - the fir — ‘Rank of Plumbs is Fly Aes 17 29: Southebat Wall oe | THE Blue or Vi solet Pordrigon, (Fig. IV. Plate XXII. is an exe cellent Plumb ; its Pulp richly fugar'd, and cover’d with a fine Violet Flew, fomething yellowifh. within > Tis: a good ee and one of the | o beft in Easlend:: —_ Fea esY Welt Wall. i ae 7 2 = xs Si Perdrigon ) ig. 23 Plate XXL) ) i isa Mie Plumb, 7 eddifh Spots, cover’d with a "white Flew : Its oy . very fweet, with a pleafant Acidity attending ) comes es from the Stone, but the Skin is often Seating bitterith. Tis a. god iucee — Auguft 3 Welt Wall. : | “THE Mask, Perdrigen (Bie. ig. a Plate XXII) is an excellent 7 | ie Plumb ; its Pulp comes from the Stone,” very firm, full of a rich ) d Juice, Cover'd wehanel aencth b ck Skin, and pee = sue Flew : : | 20, ee ata : $2, a8 Sow , ~ THE . res - # se . « ; = ee eer f f The Frtir-Garbden Tduftrated. ee THE Cerney Perdrigon, (Fig. 1. Plate XXII.) is a moft beautiful Fruit, coverd with a Crimfon Red, and faint Pearl-colour’d Flew ; and when well ripen’d, “its Juices are very agreeable, which otherwife are fomething harfh and acid : Ripe Fuly 20, Welk Wall. THE Chefton Plumb, Fig. 11. Plate XXIL,) is a moft delicious rich | Fruit, and therefore deferves.a South-Eaft Wall’; its Colour is a deep Indigo, coverd with a fine Violet Flew : *Tisa 063 Bearer, and chere- fore no Gentleman that ee iA in thefe Fruits fhould be without i it : Ripe Fuly 15. Weft Wall... hte o — = ee 23 THE Maitre Claude, Wai vi. Plate XXII.) is another €xcellent | Plumb, full of a fine rich Juice, and a firm Pulp, which comes from the Stone, and cover’d with a beautiful Mixture of Red and Yellow : : Pe Fuly 23. South-Eaft Wall. | Riki THE Reine Claudia, -ot Dueen Claude, (Fig. VIII. Plate XXtIL) is an paceliett Plumb, yeilbee next oie Sun ae 3 HPC and coverd with a 7 — 2 » very. wl rs Gort Ks Sone and is very full oF an™ TIt-T¥ re Tich Juice. _ ‘ { > Fr chet ef Winn re . oe ae! id Bearer : Ripe Auguf 8. Wen Wall.” — THE White Mirable, am Vi. Plate ) ‘colour’d Plumb, and a great ‘Bearer ; its Pulp cor and is vaftly rich, with a fine delicious fugar'd Juice. “The Fruits are very richly fugard, even when produc’d on Standards, or Durartt bur much finer againft an Eaft or re Wall ‘aie July 1, 1727. froma StandatG.:/ - 29" ‘ite ***** PTHE White Matchlefs, (Fig. e Plate joy, 3 is a bail Psi a of alight yellow Colour, cover °d with a white Flew. © When this Fruit is well ripen’d, ‘tis an excellent Plumb, but if eaten befor e | the Pulp is fomething harfh and acids ‘tis a tolefable good 1 Bearer ; Ripe July 24, 1727. Weft Wall. se goo ie 3 te et tom Pon? Swit ZF I ote = on " , ss B b “ =? fe 2a03! Ot F sc THE ae : Z « Bhs es Fo = _ THE Black Damofine, (Fig. II. Plate XXIV.) is a very pleafant _acid Plumb, upon its Ripening, but afterwards more fugar'd ; its Pulp comes from the Stone, of a greenifh Yellow within, very deep or rather +e a blackifh Blue, cover'd with a fine Violet Flew,; ‘tis a very good - Bearer : Ripe Fuly 25, 1727. Eaft Wall. THE Queen Mother, (Fig. HI. Plate XXIV.) is an excellent Fruit, ~ when fully ripen’d ‘fo as to be a little thrivel’d on the Tree; its rich Pulp is yellow within, comes from the Stone, which is very {mall in Propor- tion to the Whole; next the Sun is a dark Red, which lofes its felf with a few red Spots, in a dark Yellow : ’Tis a very good Bearer, but in fome wet Soils, ‘tis: very fubject to be Maggot-eaten within-fide : Ripe Auguf, 42, 1727. South, Wall... ©. 5 2, i eee _ PRE “Green Gage, (Fig. I V. Plate XX] K.) is another of the sag : | beft Plumbs ; its Pulp is green, richly fugar’d, and comes from the | Stone ; ‘tis cover'd witha greenifh yellow Skin, which, when ripe, hath : a ligele Blufh of red Spots next the Sun, with a very pale Flew, This, like the Queen Mother, is very fubje& to Worms or Maggots in. wet Seafons : “Tis a great Bearer when, well pruned, and is an excellent Fruit even on Dwarfs or Efpaliers, but much. better againft a South-Eaft Wall - oo Bearer se The P ulp. Js Pap esetet fweet, yellow, within, but ic) | Cleaves to the Stone; its Out! € 4s.am Amber-colour, cover’d. with-a ike re . IN a wet Seaton ‘tis fubjed to Worms, which I believe to be gene- tated by the ‘Crudities of the Sap, for want of Perfpiration ; becaufe -when s : ; ~ re ca a, Heh es ; 4 a | | | | .| | | The Frurr-GarRvDEN TDuftrated. 95 when they are kept thin in wet Seafons, they are not fo much affected therewith : Ripe Auguft 12, 1727. Eaft Wall. THE Yellow Diapree, or Diaper’'d Plumb, (Fig. IV. Plate XXIV.) -js-a fimall but very good Fruit ; its Pulp is a beautiful Yellow within and without, and comes from the Stone, It muft be eaten as foon as gather’d, being fomething mealy when kept a Day or two afterwards ; Ripe Auguft 61727. Eaft Wall. / EHE Turkey Plumb, (Fig..V. Plate XXV) i a Yatge beauriful Fruit 5 its Pulp‘is of a greenifh Yellow within, very fiveet, aiid cover'd \ with a pleafane blackifh Red when ripe: “Tis a tolerable good Bearer : Ripe Fuly 20, 1727. South Wall. ” { THE Mogule Plumb, ot White Bonum Magnum, (Fig. VI. Plate XXV.) alfo called the White Holland, ot Dutch Plumb, an ex- ‘cellent Fruit for Baking or Preferving ; when ‘tis ripe its Pulp is very 'yellow within, as well as without, and cover’d with a fine white Flew: The Pulp fticks to the Stone, hath a fine fharp Acid when ripe ; tis a ; 4 beautiful Fruit : Rip Auge 20,1727. South | THE Wentworth Plumb, Fig. IV. Plate X} fo called from its being firft planted in the Gardens of the Right Honourable the Earl of Strafford at Tavickenbam = Its Form, Cc lout, and Tafte, are exactly “the fame as the Mogule ; but.as the Mogale cleaves to the Stone, this \ parts freely from it, and therefore it is looked upon to be the very beft Plumb in England for Preferving ; “tis a good Bearer : Ripe Auguft 20, 1727. South-Eaft Wall. | ee THE Imperatrice, (Fig. IT . Plate XXV. called by fome the late LV. jolet, or Blue Perdrigon) is a moft delicious Fruit when ‘tis fuffer'd to | hang on the Tree until ‘tis a little {hrivel'd ; its Pulp is a greenith Yellow within, vaftly rich, with a fine fugar'd Acid, and cleaves to the Stone : \ The Ont-fide is a blackifh Red, cover'd with a fine Violet Flew ; ‘tis a good Bearer : Ripe September 10, 1727- South-Ealt Wall. THE © 96 POMONA: Or; THE White Pear Plumb, (Fig. 1. Pilate XXV.) is another excellent Plumb for Preferving, and the Table alfo, when fully ripe, its Juice _ being very agreeably mix’d with a pleafant fugar’d Acidity ; the Pulp _ isa yellowifh Green, cover'd with a fine light Flew; ‘tisa good Bearer, and ripens late, September 10, 1727. North Wall. [ N. B. JHE Black Pear Plumb, (Fig. II.) és am excellent Fruit for | Baking and Preferving ; and altho ’tis a very common Plumb, | yet it muft not therefore be defpis'd, as wife Florifts do good Flowers, | ° > . when they become common in every Man’s Garden befides their own. [he Frurt-Garven Wuftrated. 97 An Alphabetical TABLE of the preceding Plumbs, exhibiting their Times of Ripening, and different => Rete Cravpia e “ P a z , a eee : dae ~. WentworTH. Warts Pear. Prove - = Afpects. CuESTON ——— CATHERINE sie - Drap-p or Drarre Yelhw —<— Damosine Blak —— ForHERINGHAM . Green GAGE Jean-Harive IMPERIAL IMPERATRICE — Mirasre W bite Morocco — Matrrre CraupeE - Marcutess White s as, od oe. 89 “6 fs io f, on: Peapaicon Blue - PerpricoNn W bite Perpaicon. Musk _ ._PerpRicon. Cerney, .— Queen Moruer © Roya — Viorer = ntes eee ~ ‘OantEANS <> 5 | PaimorpiaAN Blue — — — ——— ery a Ripe. July 15, Aug. 12, Fuly 20, Aug, 6, July 25, _Fuly 14, ~ -Guly 30, Fune 9, July 15, Sept. 10, Fuly 20, july 14, July 23, July 24; s F d aad z GYT4 July 4, Fuly 20, Aug. 1, hey 20, July 30, Aug. 12, Fuly 20, Aug. 8, July 20, Fuly NS, Aug.20, Aug. 39; Cc Afpetts. Welt Wall. South-Eaft, Welt. Eaft. Fatt. South-Eatft. Eaft. South-Eaft, | North- Weft. - South-Eaft. Standard. Eaft. South-Eaft. Welt. CHAP 98 POMON A: @, CHAP. XVIIL Of PEACHES and NECTARINES. apsenee) LL THO’ Nectarines differ from Peaches in their Colour, ey) A fay, Smoothnefs of Skin and Tafte, yet their Propagation and INOKC% Manner of Pruning, Gr: are the fame ; fo that when I am treating on the ordering of oa the fame is to be underftood of Nectarine Trees. ALL Kinds “Of Peaches produce their Fruits upon the laft Year’s Wood, as A B, Fig. VII. Plate II and Il. which never bears again, but produce from Shoots or Fiddes yearly afterwards, as C DE, onBE the two Years Wood; and the like of che finall Shoots DE FG, (Fig. X.) produced from the two Years Wood X W of the Catherine Peach : And ’tis therefore that we muft always, during the Summer Seafon, preferve a fufficient Query of new Wood to fucceed the old. THE Bloflom-Buds of Peaches // 1, éc. being very plump, and larger than the Leaf-Buds ¢ 7 7, 2c. are eafi ly diftinguifh’ d from them, when we come to make Choice thereof at the Time of Pruning. IT appears by the Shoots of the Apricot (fig. TI. Plate VIM, IX.) that the Bloffoms at the extreme Parts are much weaker than thofe at B: For as the extreme Part A was produced when the Vigour of the Sap was over, and the Seafon colder than in the Spring, they are therefore very weak and immature ; and tis for this Reafon that the Ends of oe = which are predic d late in the Spring, are prun’d, < bi i BUT ‘ “6 PROTRAE eh 5 OR Ee A SE EE SEES st ei ST A The Fruit-Garven Tbuftrated. 99 BUT fiance that there is not fo much as one Leaf-Bud between B and A, therefore that at A, the extreme Bud, muft not be pruned, becaufe there is no other Leaf-Bud to attract Nourifhment to the Bloffoms, and perfpire away the Crudities thereof ; for was that Shoot to have the Leaf-Bud A prund off, the whole Branch would perifh when the Fruits are ripen’d, if any happen to grow thereon. AND ‘tis the very fame in the Branches of Peach-Trees : for was the Branch A B, Fig. VI. Plate VIII and IX. to have its leading Bud A prun’d away, it would die as aforefaid ; but if the laft Year's Shoot A B, Fig, Vil. Plate Il and IIL. were to be prun’d at the Bud 4, it would not die, becaufe it is a Leaf-Bud, and of the fame Nature as the extreme Bud 3B. THERE are many Kinds of Peaches which produce Leaf-Buds near tot heir Bloffom Buds, as B f f f,é’c.Fig.VI. and n a 0,0. Fig. VIII. Plate I and Ill. which is a very great Advantage to the Fruits, in ftrongly attracting Nourifhment to them, as well as freely perfpiring away the Crudities thereof. Pe etek and BC D, dor. Fig. I. Plate XI. the Peach, and ‘tis always feen that thofe Kinds of Peaches are the beft tafted and moft fruitful. PEACHES have a very great. and beautiful Difference in the Magnitudes and Colours of their Blofloms : The earlieft being for the generality very large and beautiful, as the old Neawéngton, Fig. IX. Plate Ul, Ill. and Fig. VI. Plate VIII, IX. and the Albemarle Peach, 2. Fig. Vi. Plate U1, Il. And the late Kinds very fmall, but yet very beautiful in cheir Kinds, as the Catherme, Fag. VIII. Plate Il, Ill. the . lace Admivable, °c. Fig. V. Plate YUU, 1X. THE Goodnefs of Peaches depends very much upon their Quantity, for they are never worth any thing when left very thick upon the Trees, which is always done by a covetous ‘Temper, which makes good the old Proverb, AU covet, All lofe. | THIS , £00 POMON A:'Or, inns dr iii Na ate THIS very Year I number'd 103 Dozeniof Early, or Smith’s Neaw- ington ‘Peaches, on one fingle Tree, in the Garden of a very reputed Gardener for the Management of Fruits, which being in general very fmall, and infipid tafted, were fold: at Market for Six-pence per Dozen : Now had Nature been kindly treated with, and:burden‘d with 10 or 15 Dozen only, inftead of fo many, fhe would have ‘been: able to have producd them with their true Taftes, and all other ets in the greateft Perfection. | I HAVING already laid down the Diftances that the Branches fhould be laid from: each other, (viz. the Length of their Leaves) it only remains to fhew their Diftances that they fhould ripen at upon the Branches, which is exhibited by Fig. II. Plate XXVI. THUS far by — of —- ; now we'll proceed to the Fruits themichyes. THE Girlk 9 ripe “Peach § is cher White se or ell Wh bite Peach, { (Fig. 1. Plate XXVII.) its Juice is fiveet and fomething musky, when well ripen’d ; its Colour is a very light, or rather a pale Green ; ‘tis a preat Bearer : Ripe Gune Pe Pe 3: South Wall. THERE is alfo another Sort of Natineg Peach, which is called the Red Nutmeg, ot Troy Peach, which tipens foon after the White Nut- meg, and is a great Bearer alfo: Its Fruits are generally fomething larger than the other, but in ‘Tafte mich the: fame, — a beautiful, ‘broken, wee red Colour next the ‘Sun. THE Ann Peach, fig. Ul. Plate KXVIT) is a tmall, but very good | Peach; adey the Nutmegs ; its Pulp “is very pleafant, and comes from the Stone ; ’tis-a ipa meats —_— Jv 10, 1727. Eaft Wall. THE Red Magdalene, (Fie. v. Plate XXVIL ) i is a outs Fruit, ae fall of a rich fugar’d Juice ye comes ‘from the Stone, which is very | red, as is alfo the Infide of the: Pulp next about it ;“next the Sun ‘tis a bia ‘kith: ‘Red, which lofes itfelf in a = Green ; ; tis a ge Beater : aS Tees 20. South Wall. THE t The Fruitr-Garven Illuftrated. Mey THE White Magdalane, (Fig. Vi. Plate XXVII.) comes from the — Stone, which is of a light Cinamon Colour. The Pulp next to it is very white, excepting that Part of it which is next the Rib of the Stone, which is a little ting’d with Red: The Pulp is of a great Subftance, full of a fine fugar’d winy Juice, and melting ; ‘tis a good Bearer : Ripe Fuly 30. Weft Wall. THE Yuteon de Venice (Fig. WV. Plate XXVIII.) is commonly taken for the White Magdalene, being very like it : It comes from the Stone which is a Cinamon Colour, but the Pulp next about it is a light Green, wherein it only differs from the White Magdalene; ‘tis a very good Fruit, and a great Bearer : Ripe Zu/y 20. South-Weft Wall. ee LO ESI ATE A My N. B. BOTH thefe laft Peaches have very little Red in them nent the Sun, being chiefly a pale Green, THE Rozanna, (Fig. Ill. Plate XXVII.) comes from the Stone, | which is a brown Colour ; the Pulp next about it is very Green = Its Juice is very rich, and therefore in great Efteem among the Curious ; -“fiext the Sun ‘tis very Red, which lofes it felf in a faint Green 5 ‘tis a DCalCi . INTpe fer a re ena Ee oe 2 . er - aa . ee a a a ee ia ee. i. THE Smith’s Newington, (Fig. 1. Plate XXVIIL) alfo called the Early Newington, is a very good Fruit, and great Bearer; its Pulp is firm and very like the Old Newington, but, in my Opinion, much fhort of that moft delicate Flavour which the Old Newington abounds with ; It clofely adheres to the Stone, and is of a beautiful Red next the Sun : Ripe Fuly 25, 1727. South-Eaft Wall. ° THE Minion, (Fig.l. Plate XXVIIL) its Pulp abounds with a fine 3 rich fugar’d Juice, and adheres clofe to the Stone, which is a dark Red ; as is alfo the Outfide next the Sun: The Pulp is very firm, and full of | fall red Spots under the red Part of the Skin, when pared; ‘tis an ex- "cellent Fruit, and'a good Bearer : Ripe ‘uly 20. South Wall. “THE Noblefs, (Fig! Ill. Plate XXVIL) or Noble, is an excellent \ Fruit, and truly worthy of its Name : It comes from the Stone, e 2 LQ2 POMON A: QO, | has a Peek rifing on its upper End, like that of the Fruit ; ‘tis of - brown Colour, diy indented, with many Fibrous Parts of the Pulp clofely adhering to it: The Pulp is melting, full of a delicious Juice, a little colour’d with Red next the Stone, and ftreak’d with dark Streaks of Red without next the Sun ; a good Bearer: Ripe July 20, 1727. South Wall. THE Montabon (Fig. 1V. Plate XXVIIL) is an excellent Fruit ; its Pulp is tender and melting, and comes from the Stone, which is a brown Red: The Infide of the Pulp next the Stone is mixd with light ‘Red, but the Outfide next the Sun is a deep Red ; ‘tis a very good Bearer: Ripe Fuly 30. South Wall. THE Bordine, (Fig. V. Plate XXVIII.) is'a very valuable Fruit ; its Pulp comes from the Stone, of a fine vinous Tafte, and of a lovely Red next the Stone, which is of a dark Cinamon Colour, to which _ fome few Fibres of the Pulp adheres : Next the Sun a fudden Red, which lofes it felf with {mall Spots of Red in a yellow Green ; ‘tis a good — Bearer : Ripe Fuly 30, 1727. Weft Wall. _ THE Newington Neforine, (Fig. \. Plate XX1X.) its Pulp clofely adheres to the Stone, which is very red, full of an excellent rich Juice when perfectly ripe, which is known by its hanging until it is a little fhrivel’d ; its outward Colour next the Sun is very red, which lofes it felf in a ftrong Yellow 5 ” tis a Ber Bearer : bk: ad 30, 1 727. South Wall. | | THE Roman Neétorine, (Fig. I. Plate XXIX,) its sits clofely adheres to the Stone, which is very red, as alfo its outward Skin next the Sun, which is loft in a fine deep Yellow + When ‘tis well ripen’d ’tis an excellent Fruit, full of a fine delicious fol Juice ; “tis a good Bearer ; Ripe uly 30. South Wall. __ THE Elvuge Neéforine, (Fig. I. Plate XXIX.) has a foft melting Pulp, comes from the Stone, and very red next about it; but the Stone is a brown Red : The Out-skin isa very black Red next th Sun, which lofes it felf in a yellowifh Green next the Wall ; ‘tis a very good Bearer: Ripe Ty 32 1727. South Wall. THE ae ae oe The Frui1t-Garpven Iduftrated. 102. THE Ttalian, ot Brunion Neétorine, (Fag. IV. Plate XXIX.) is a moft excellent, rich, vinous-flavour’d Fruir, when well ripen d ; its Pulp is very firm, and cleaves to the Stone, which is very red, as alfo is the out Pare next the Sun, which lofes it felf in a pleafant Yellow : Ripe Auguft 6, 1727. South-Welt Wall. | THE Golden Neétorine, (called by fome, tho’ falfly, the Temple Neéforine, Fig. VY.) its Pulp adheres very clofe to the Stone, which is of _ avery light Brown, or Snuff Colour : “Tis very yellow within as well as without, excepting next the Sun, where ‘tis intermix’d with Spots and Streaks of Red ; ‘tis a fine rich flavour’d Fruit when well tipen'd, and therefore it fhould not be gather'd until ‘tis fomething fhrivel’d ; ‘tis a - good Bearer: Ripe Auguft 20. Weft Wall. THE Early Admivable, (Fig. W. Plate XXX.) comes ftom the Stone, which is of a Cinamon Colour ; the Pulp next to it is white, with fome few Tinétures of Red: it may be juftly called Admirable in regard to its fine delicious melting Pulp : The out Part next the Sun js ftceaked with pleafant Red, which lofes it felf in a light Yellow ; ‘tis ~ which is a Cinamon Colour; the Pulp is white next the Stone, melting, and full of a fine tich Juice, fomething acid. Next the Sun ‘tis of a | Carnation Red, which is loft in a yellowifh Green ; ‘tis a good Bearer : Ripe September 4. Weft Wall. THE Pafi-Violet, (Fig. il. Plate XXX.) or Double Troy Peach; its Pulp comes from the Stone, being very red next about it : its Tafte is very like the Red Nutmeg, but its outward Coat is of an Orange Colour, faintly dotted with brownifh Red: Ripe Auguft 6, 1727. Eaft Wall. — Es | "THE Nivet (Fig. IV. Plate XXX.) comes from the Stone, which is very red, as alfo the Pulp next about it, but within ‘tis very yellow : | ’tis a fine rich fugar'd melting Fruit, of a dark Red next the Sun, which —- A / £04. POMONA:.@, bs loft in a faint Yellow; ‘tis a good Bearer: Ripe Auguft 8, 1727. ot Eaft Wall. © THE Purple Alberge, (Fig. V. Plate XXX.) fo called, being ' coverd with a Coat of Purple about the Bloflom-End, which lofes it felf in a dark Red, blended with Yellow ; its Pulp is yellow within, and | very red about the Stone, from which it parts: “Tis a moft. delicious ~ tich juicy Fruit, and a good Bearer : Ripe Auguft 3. Eaft Wall. THE Violet-Hative Fig. Vi. Plate XXX.) comes from the Stone, | which is of a lively Red on the Edges, but on the Bulge a Chocolate | Colour : Next to the Sun ’tis a very dark Red, which is foftned off in a fotter Red, which at length is loft with fmall red Spots, in a Ground blended with Red and Yellow : Its Juice is the moft delicious I ever tafted, it far excels the Old Newington, notwithftanding that is fo ex- cellent a Fruit : Ripe Augu/t 8. Eaft Wall. | THE Old Newington (Fig. 1. Plate XXXI.) its Pulp clofely adheres to the Stone, which is of a lively Red, “and very full of a moft delicious | sich Juice ; its Pulp is very firm when ripe, and of a beautiful Red next : the Sun, which lofes it felf in yellowifh Green when ripe : It is but an indifferent Bearer when nail’d in thick with Wood, but the reverfe, (as - before noted) when the Branches are laid about nine Inches apart : Ripe Auguft 6. South Wall. [ THE Aihempele ig. Il. Plate XXXL) ¢ comes from the Stone, which is of a brownifh Red ; but the Pulp next the Stone is a fine Vermilion | Red, and of a very great | Thicknefs ; its Pulp is melting, and full of a very “rich: vinous Juice: Next the Sun ’tis very dark Red, which is ( | foftned off, and loft in a yellowifh Green, fet very thick with {mall red — ‘tis a good Bearer : Ripe Angi 8. South Wall. THE Brook's Peach, fo alled ae the Lord Brooks, who firft pto- | pagated it in his Gardens at Tawickenbam in Middlefex, (Fig. Ml. | “Plate XXX.) Next to the Sun ‘tis of a fine Vermilion Red, which lofes : felf wich fmall red Spots in a yellowifh Green. The Pulp is of very gr at Sudftance, ‘and comes from the Stone, which is of a Cinamon cr § the inward Part of the Pulp next about the Stone is very ~ white : * The Frurt-Garven Iluftrated. ——" 104 | white ; its Juice is very delicious, and the Pulp melts in eating; ‘tis a \ very good Beater: Ripe Auguft 8. Welt Wall. Sy cm aietaeiiaeiiics on ante eee ee THE Hemskirk, (Fig. TV. Plate XXX1.) is a moft beautiful delicious” Fruit ; the Pulp has a {mall Adherence to the Stone, which is of a dark red Colour, as alfo the Pulp about it: Its Outfide next che Sun is a very deep or blackifh Red, which goes off gradually towards the back Part, which is fet very thick with {mall red Spots; ‘tis a very flefhy Fruit; and a good Bearer : Ripe Auguft 8, 1727, South-Eaft Wall. THE Bellows, (Fig. V. Plate XXXI.) is a very great Bearer, and an excellent good Fruit ; Its Pulp: comes from the Stone, which is a light Brown, and the Pulp next about it very white, with a Tincture of Red next the Cleft or Edge of the Stone : Its Skin, which does freely peel off, is of a pleafant Red next the Bloffom-End, and lofes, it felf with {mall red Specks in. a yellowifh, Green :| Ripe Augaft 1, Welt Wall. THE Swalze or. Saolxe, (Fig. 1. Plate XXXII.) is faid to be firlt poor to England by the Lord Peterborough ;, its Pulp comes from ¢, which i is very ee as wel as the le next about it, and tis larger t than in the Fipn >—Nes neSun Set = is om Fa, THE Pavy: Royal. (Fig. I. Plate XXXL.) comes from the Stone, which is of a Cinamon Golour ; its Pulp is very: red. about the Stone, | containing a J uice equal to the beft- Peach or Pavy in the World : Its . Ce nanan’ Ourfide is a black Red, beautifully ftrip’d with a> fine Vermilion Red, : which is foftned off in a yellowith Green ; ‘tis a very good Bearer, and | | were it to be nail’d in very thin, it would, without Difpute, bethe very beft Peach in eaeine! 38 Auguft 55-1727. Eaft Wall. THE Poopree ( Fig. int Plate XXXII): comes: Pa Hl othe Stone) which is both red and brown : - The Pulp next about the Stone is very. red, and, if eaten before quite ripe, has. very much of the Old New- ington Talte i in it ; but the Juice is much fiver 3 adi — ripen'd : Rat Auguft 24, 1777. Ealt Walle 7 22 a 106 POMON A: Or, THE Rickets Peach, (Fag. 1V. Plate XXXII.) fo called in regard to | <" being firft propagated by Mr. Rickets, late a Nurfery-man at Hoxton : t comes from the Stone, which is of a Cinamon Colour, with a Tinge of Red in the Cléfts ; the Pulp next the Stone is of a beautiful Red, which lofes it felf in an almoft tranfparent white Pulp, which is melting and very full of a very weet delicious Juicé = its Outfide next the Sun is of a very pleafant Vermilion Red, which is foftned off with very. fmall Spots-in a light yellow Ground ; ‘tis a good Bearer : Ripe Augu/t 25, 1727. Sout Met Wall. PAE Lite ddmivabhe (Fig. V. Plate XXXIL ) comes from the Stone; which is a Cinamon Colour, to which adheres many Fibrous Particles of the Pulp : Next the Stone it’ is:a very deep Red, melting, and full of an excellent tich Juice ; the Out-skin is of a ‘pleafant’ Red next the Sun, which is foftned': off with very minute Spots, into a pleafant Yellow ; ‘tis a very good Bearer : Ripe Auguft 24, 1727. South Wall.” THE Bell Chevrenfe, idmmorily ealled Chewerufe, (Fig A.Plate XXXII1.) | comes ° from the Stone, which is‘of a light brown Colour ; and next abotie it the’ Pulp” is of ‘a pleafant Vermilion Red, which is full of a — foft fugard Juice : ‘The Ouc-skin next the Sun ‘is a firong Red, that is foftned off in’a Ae Green ; ‘tis'a Sa Bearer : ng ccd 2A, 727. South- Weft Wall.° 8s oom) taesc8ll &: j THE Burdock (Fag. WT. Plate. XXXII) its Pulp ; ion to the Stone, which is of a Cinamon Colour 5: “tis of a, very great Subftance, ‘very: = firm, ‘dnd full of a moft delicious. tich Juice :. Its Outfide ‘next the Sun. ir tee ace pope = is a beautiful Vermilion Red, which is foftened off with-fmall red Spots: in a pleafant yellow Green ; ‘tis a: good Bearer, and as. good a Fruit: as. any of the Kind: ni — 30, 1727. South Wall. THE Rinmbolion, or Roatak Fig. 1 Ill. Plate e are in general of the Table: the very beft Kinds, as well for Stewing, Baking, dc. as for And as I have here truly reprefented the exact Forms and Mag- nitudes of their Leaves and Fruits in their natural Colours, and as their Seafons of Ripening and Keeping are exhibited in the following Table; there needs no more to be faid of their {everal Defcriptions: feverally, as they are delineated in the following Plates. I therefore refer you to them ‘An Alphabetical TABLE of the bef Kinds of Pears in | England, exhibiting their and uration. Ambret + Fig. IV. St. Andrew = III. Buree de Roy! “Til. Buree Brown YI. Buree Winter iL. Bergamot Winter 1. Bergamot Common 1. Bergamot Bugy Y. Ditto Swifs _ VIIl. Ditto Hamdens wh 718 Bon-cretien Sum. I: Ditto Autumn : VI : Ditto, Golden - I. Ditto Winter - Il. When to be gather'd. - Sept. Sept. 20, Bordine Musk: - 1. Sune 30, — Blanquet Petit I Aug. 5, Sept. Aug. : Sept. Sept. 2 Aug. ° Aug. ; Aug. | Sept. Sept. 20, Sept. saaere: pupae re oats 20, Sept. 10, 20, 30, Ditto Spanifh’ - Als _ Sept,.3 Catherine Royal V. uly 25,|Soonakt gathr Catherine Queen V. ‘uly 30,1Soon aft gathr. ~ Eatable. Dec. & Fan Fune 30, When gather’d When gather'd February. after gathr. Oéf. Yo, When gather'd A Day or *¢ after gathr. ,|Soon aft’ gathr. -|To the End of Feb. November Fanuary — Soon aft’ gathr. | April Duration. February © — But a {mall Duration But a {mall Duration Seafous of Gathering, Ripening, N°? of Plate where each is exhibited. LXVI. LXXII. LXI. LXI. To the End:of Odo. To the End of Ofob. —-— ‘ About» one ; Month after gathering _ - —— : LXVI. LXIV. BXUY.. Lae LXVIU. LXY. LXVI. Two or three Weeks Two or three Weeks Three Weeks ora Mon. About fix Weeks To the End of March i enemnneeienenmetinanedl Bar -a fmall Duration LXIl. LXV. LXV. | LXIV. LXVIU. LXVIIL LXVIIL. LXI. But a fmall. Duration LXI. Crafan POMONA: Or,* 132 When to be gather'd. Eatable. Crafan - Fig. lV. Sept. 20, |Middle of Of. Chafletie - I. Sept. 20,| November — Colmar - III. Sept. 30,|December — A Dayor 2 Cuifle Madam - III. uly 10, ° 6 nae Double Bloflom II. Sept. 30,|December - Doyenne - VII. Sept. 30,) November - Epine d'Hyver VI. Sept. 20, | December - Green Chizel - II. uly 20,|When gather'd St. Germain - II. Sept. 20,| November — Mr.Hil'siftCrop Il. Aug. 24, |When gatherd Second - IY. Sept. 30,|When gatherd Jargonel = - IV. uly 10,|When gather’d Lombard Pear - I. ‘Fuly 25,| When gather'd Lanfac - VV. Sept. 30,| November - Martin Sec. = 1.” Sept. 30, December -— Meffire John - I. Sept. 30, |Soon aft’gathr. Marquifs - IV. Sept. 30,| November - St. Michael - III. Aug. 8 aM ay ; | , tis ripe = ) Roflelet Petit - Il. Aug. 24,|When gather'd Ruffelet Grofs - IV. Aug. 24, |When gather'd Royal d'Hyver IV. Sept. 30,|\December — Rofe dEtre - VI. Fuly 17,|When gather'd Sugart Vert - I. Sept. 5,|When gather'd Swans Ege - IV. Sept. 20, |Soon aft’ gathr. Salviati —s - . Sept. 20, |Ditto . - Sattin Pear = VI. Sept. 30,|Ditto - Vermillion 2° Bo Faby Wi Dittes« Virgoule - If. Sept. 20,| Nov. Dec. = ert Longue - Ma = — Pht. 78 Soon af gees Windfor - IL Fuly 10, ae mal 3 | 3 gather'd Duration. * after being eatable Until January —— Three Weeks | Until Apri] Fanuary Fanuary But very fhort Fanuary But very fhort About a Fortnight — About a Fortnight — About a Fortnight — ——t ee re |fanuary, February February, March — About one Month Fanuary Two mays at moft About ten Days About three Weeks January, February About three Weeks Three Weeks or a Mon. 15 of 20 Days: ——= November, December |About a Fortnight — — End of Jentee) = ——— [PhreeW WwW eeks ora Mon.| About ~— Weeks Until the End of ‘an. N° of Plate where each Lis exhibited. » 8 one a | LXV. LXX. LXVII. LX]. LEX; | LX. LXVII: LXII. LXVI. LXIUl. LXUI. . LXI. - LXIV. LXVII. LXXIL. LXIY. LXVIUIE LXXIL LXIV. EXVE LXVIi. LXE _LXIIl. ~ LXIV. -LXIV,- LXVI. TA —| LXVII- XI Ext” “Tre. The Fruit-Garven IJhuftrated. 133 The beft Pears for Baking, Stewing, &c. are, The Black Pear of Worcefter, Fig. M1. Plate LXXI. Cadilac, Fig. VV. Plate LXX1. — Donvile, Ronvile, Fig. WW, VI. Plate LXX. Peis Bconli Fig. Ill. Plate LAxi Pe bng’i Warden, and Pound Pear, Plate LXXI. Englifo Warden, Plate LXXM. and St.Francis, Fig.V. Plate LXX. QUINC ES are beft when grafted upon their own Stocks. THE beftKind is the Portugal Pear Quince, (Fig. 1. Plate LXXUM) next to which is the Portugal Apple Quince, (Fig. Il.) and laftly, the very worft of all is the Englifb Quince, (Fig. M11.) See oa eles ae es = 2 aN prea a ey - where ieee pais Nae ge ye EY Sater oa nani ee ap Sel a wire ame Syren en nea eae, oT a . i Nod ES ee apes : GCHAP. XXVIL of x PL ES. Sous PLES are in general produc'd on Wood of two Years growth, CEA ais) 4 % : ye poe e . . Si AG and-ftquire as much Air about their Branches to perfpire in, eigA as any other Kind of Tree 5 therefore if they are but allow'd fafficient-Aix and their Pofitions nearly horizontal, they require no further “% Care. | ee TH E 134 a POMON A, &. THE beft Kinds worth our Notice, for the Table and Kitchen, are the following, viz. * Apr * Bost Apps fr’ Han. Coptine * CorpENDUE * Carvite Acoute * Carvite Red * Catvite Royal %* Frencu Pippin French RENNET * FENELLET * FRANCATU * GorpEen RENNET. * Goipen Pippin * Hoxbanp Pippin * JerusaLEM APPLE JuNITING ae | UNE ree Kirton” “Prt KircHEN APrPLe KentisH Pippin Kentish RENNET * Maucoan * Non-parEIL Pear Russer APPLE * Pearmain Loans Pickerine s Pearm. Pome-Roy RussEtrine Russet Golden Pip: Russer WHEELERS . | STONE Pippin potash Pippin Listninc,or Jucy Ap, .| Marcaretr Apprie * Monstrous REN, Fig Plate. Vie EXEXEX. Ill. LXXIX. V. LXXIV. I. LXXIV. IIT. LXXVIIL. Ve. LRXY. IV. LXXIX. V... LXXSVE. IH: RAVE, VII. LXXVII. I]. LXXIX. ¥. LAA: TV. LXXVII. VL XX VIO. TV. LXXVII N.B. THOSE Fruits marked thus * are very beautiful when Grafted _ upon Paradife Stocks, and planted in Pots, Borders, &c. THE Characters of the feveral Cyder-Fruits of Herefordfhire, and many other Countries famous for that Liquor, being in general much inferior to four Kinds fent me from Pynes near Exeter in Devonfhire, by the Honourable Hugh Stafford, the Stire Apple excepted, which I have not yet feen ; I fhall therefore omit their Defcriptions, and in lieu thereof give the following Account of gs Fruits, as I receiv'd it from that worthy Gentleman. j ee Toe ee, . vg * ps gee A a Curious Curious ACCOUN T Of the _moft Valuable CYDER-FRUITS O F DEVONSHIRE. Se wees || NCE you have feen the Royal Wilding Apple itlelf, Se: ~ sf (Plate LEXVIL.) which is fo very much chlebiared | Sel ip ES yi, (and fo very defervedly) in our County, the Hiftory fe : of its being firft taken Notice of, which is freth in every Body’s Memory, may not perhaps be unac- ceptable to you. The fingle and only Tree from which the Apple was firft propagated, isa very tall, fair, and ftout one, I believe about twenty Feet high: It flands in a very little Quillet (as. we call it) of Gardening, adjoining to the Road that leadeth from Exeter to Oakbampton, (the Poft Way) in the Parifh of St. Thomas, but neat the Borders of another Parifh called W hitftone : A Walk of a Mile from Exeter will farnifh any one, who hath tach a Curiofity, with a Sight of it. IT 136 POMONA: @, alain See IT appears to be properly a Wilding, that is, a Tree rais’d from the Kernel of fome other Apple, withour having been ever Grafted, and (what feems well worthy being obfery’d) hath, in all probability, ftood there much more than feventy Years ; for two antient Perfons of the neighbouring Parifh of W. hitftone, who died each of them feveral Years fince, aged upward of the Number of Years now mention’d, declar’d, That when they were Boys, and firft went the Road, it was not only growing there at that time, but, what is very well worth Notice, was then as tall and ftout as it now appears, (and we may reafonably fuppofe that was when they were each about 12 or 13 Years of Age); nor do there appear at this time any Marks of Decay upon it, as far as I took notice. | Po ad } IT is a very conftant and plentiful Bearer every other Year, and then ufually produceth Apples enow to make one of our Hogfheads of Cyder, which contains 64 Wine Gallons ; and this was one Occafion of its being firft taken Notice of, and yields an Hiftory which I believe no other Tree ever did: For the little Cot Houfe to which it belongs, ogether. with the little Quillet (as aforefaid) in which it flands, being feveral Years J ounds, the Fruit of this Tree fince” mortwaged” For cen alone, in a Courfe of fome Years, freed the Houfe and Garden, and its more valuable Self, from that Burden which is wont to involve all other Eftates in one common Ruin. Y . Mr. FRANCIS OLIVER: (a Gentleman. of the Neighbourhood, and, if I miftake not, the Gentleman who had the Mortgage juft now men- tion d). was one of. the firft Perfons about Exeter that affected the Rough Cyder, and for that Reafon purchafed the Fruit of this Tree every bearing _ Year: However, [ cannot learn that he ever made it Separate and apart, but méx’d it with other Apples, which notwithftanding added an /q- vantage to his Cyder, with all thofe who had any true Relith for that Liquor. £ _ WHETHER it was this or any other Motive, I cannot particularly fay, that brought on the more happy Experiment on, this Apple, But the. Reverend Mr. Robert Woolcomle, (ReGor of Whitftone, the Parifh before mention’d) who ufed to amufe himfelf with a Nurfery, put on EI 3 7 \ fome ” Wines . = an 4 Sa eee ee The Frurt-Garven Jduftrated. BS fome Heads of this Wilding ; and a few Years after being out in his Nurfery, about March, a Perfon came there to him on fome Bufinefs, and finding fomething roll under his Foot, took it up, and it proved an Apple of this precious Fruit, which Mr. Wookombe receiving from him, finding it perfectly found, after it had lain in the long Grafs and Stroyle of the Nurfery, thro’ all the Rain, Froft, and Snow of the foregoing Winter, thought it muft be a Fruit of more than common Yalue : And having tafted it, and found the Juices, nor only in a moft perfect Soundnefs and Quicknefs, bur fuch hikewife as feem’d to promife both the Body, Roughnefs, and Flavour that wife Cyder-Drinkers in Devon now begin to defire ; he obferyed the Graft from which it had fallen, and fearching about found fome more of the Apples, and all of the fame Soundnefs ; upon which, without any Hefitation, he refolv'd to graft fome Numbers of them ; which he accordingly did, but waited with Impatience for the Experiment, which you know muft be the Courfe of fome Years: They came at length, and, if I miftake not, his firft Reward was a {mall Barrel of the Juice ; but his much greater was the Excellency of it, which far exceeded all his Expectations. Mt WOOLCOMBE was nor a little pleafed with it, and talked oe . 2. eS ee I v coca : n_all Converfations 5 it created _4mu/zment at fult, but when Time : Fe Ba a od i ok SECIS e et a tao ge mgd sts ths SOT EE kL is produced an Hogthead of it, from Raillery it came to Serioufnefi, and every one from Laughter fell to Admivation. In the mean time he had thought of a Name for his Britifh Wine, and as it appear'd to be in the original Tree a Fruit not Grafted, he setained the Name of Wilding ; and, as he thought it {uperior to all others, fo he gave a Title of Sove- raignty to it ; and , hence the triumphant Royal Wilding, Fig. I. : P late LXXVII. THIS, if I rightly remember, was about 16 Years fince : The Gen- clemen of our County are now bufy almoft every where in promoting it, and fome of the afer Farmers and Juftment-Holders : but we have not yet (for Time you know muft do that) enough for sale : I = known five Guineas refuled for one of our Hogfheads of it, tho the common Cyder goeth for Twenty Shillings, and the South- Ham from Twenty-five to Thirty. - es & we SO! 7 MOST POMON A: QO, I MUST add, that Mr. Woolcombe hath referved fome of them for Hoard ; I have tafted the Tarts of them, and they come nearer to the Quince than any other Tart I ever eat of. WHERE-EVER it hath been tried as yet, the Juices are perfectly Zood, (but better in fome Soils than others) and when the Gentlemen of South-Hams will condefcend to give them a Place in their Orchards, they will undoubtedly exceed us in this Liquor, becaufe we mutt yield to them in the Apple~Soil : But it is happy for us that at prefent they are fo wrapt up in their own Sufficiency, that they do not entertain any Thoughts of fetching Apples from us ; and when they fhall, it muft be another twenty Years before they can do any thing to Purpofe, tho’ fome of their more thinking Gentlemen I am told begin to get fome of — them tranfported thither, (by Night you may fuppofe, partly for Shame, and partly for Fear of being mobbed by their Neighbours) and will, Iam well: “ited, much ene in the Produétion. — ab. aM peronally peguaines with Mr. Woolcombe, and i I may be ; ry, (as iris here re= lated) I can promife you I face the Subftance from his own Mouth, and am fo perfectly poflefled with a Perfuafion of the Excellency of the Cyder, that I doubt not in the Courfe of twenty Years more, when ‘Gentlemen fhall have furnifh’d themfelves with the Fruit, and the Far- mets fhall have fallen in with it alfo, this County will be render’d abun-_ dantly happy in it ; and therefore I could really with, that whenever the _ Original Tree dccutele (if it ever fhall, tho I affure my felf the Fruit will newer be out of Ue) his Statue (carved out of the,Srump, but by the fineft Hand, and overlaid with Gold) may be erected near the publick Road in the Place of it, at the common =e of the oy of Devon. 3 “WH AT other Fruits there 1 may BEF in Natuve, neither you nor I can , becaule j you well know. whenever we fow the Kernels of any Apples, ‘we have always V avieties of mew and unknown Apples produced ; but I will | venture to affirm I never tafted any Cyder equal to it, (not all the ee ever drank) that of the W bit four (Lig. Il. Plate LXXVII.) only The Frurt-Garoven IJuftrated. 139 only excepted, (of which more hereafter) and as yet the Controverfy betwixt That and the Royal Wilding continues undetermin’d, THE Colour of the Royal Wilding, without any Affiftance of Ari in any Kind, is a bright Yellow#/b rather than a Redifh Beerifhb TinGture ; The other Qualities are a Noble Body, an Excellent Bitter, a Delicate (excufe the Expreffion) Roughnefs, and a fine Vimous' Flavour : All the other Qualities you may meet with in fome of the beft of our South- Flam Cyder, but the laft is peculiar to the Royal Wilding and the Whitfour only, and you will in vain look for it in any other, BEFORE I yet leave the Royal Wilding, 1 muft further let you know, that it is fometimes called (tho’ no lefs injurioufly than unaccurately) the Red-Hill-Crab, from the Name of that Part of the Highway. neat which the original Tree ftands, which is called Red-Hill. THIS Name is injurious, becaufe Crab (as yet) is ufed among us in a Senfe of Diminution, at \eaft, if not of Reproach ; or was it not fo, it is plain there is nothing in that Name which fuggefts the fuperlative 8 pias of ac Fruit , BEES the oan of bes Sean catrieth 1 in ~ AND this other Name, as I faid, is alfo wmaccurate, baat I rather take it for an Apple than a Crab (of which, however, fince you have them before you, your felf may judge): For I muft further let you know, that tho’ we frequently take the Word Apple for che whole Kind, (as we call the whole Kind Horfes, including as well Mares as Hor{es, more ftritly fpeaking) yet when we fpeak more exattly, we underftand - the Word Apple in Oppofition and Contradiftion to the Crab, which moft commonly is a very finall, harfh, yellow Fruit, and ordinarily groweth in our Hedge-Rows, tho’ they make very large and very lafting Trees; - however, I have {een one Sort of this very finall harfb Fruit finely ftreak’d with ved Outfide; and in my Neighbourhood there is one Tree of another Kind of hee which is red both Infide and out de; and it is the only one of the Kind I ever faw or heard off te 140 POMONA: Or, W HIST I have thus had occafion to mention the Crabs, it may not be improper to inform you that the Excellence of them for Cyder was never commonly (if at all) known until within thefe late Years : They were formerly fuffer’d to fall and be eaten by the Hogs, when they would eat them, (which was not always, becaufe of their Harfhnefs) or elfe to rot upon the Ground: But they are now fo well underftood, that they fell at a much greater Value than the common Apples, and we begin to propagate them by Grafting in our Orchards, tho’, in my Opinion, they do much better as an Ingredient in Cyder, when mix’d with other Fruit, than when pounded by themfelves. The firlt Difcovery of their Ufefulnefs was the pounding of fome of them for Vinegar, which, when tafted, proved much better Cyder than any of the common Cyder of our Country. HOWEVE R, there is a much fmaller Sort of Crab with us, not ‘larget than the Top of one’s Thumb, (and I think never making a Zree, but growing only in Bufhes) which we never put in our Cyder, but ufe them only to make Vinegar. | | ee an ee - YOU will not, it may BE chink ic improper if I take Notice to you in this Place, that Cyder made all of any Sort of Waldings, (that is, as I firft {aid of Apples propagated from Kernels, and never grafted upon with any Sort of Fruit, tho’ you may graft them on what Stocks you pleafe). is ever found to be excellently good, and much preferable to that made with our common Apples. There is a Gentleman in the Neigh- bourhood of Exeter, who hath now large Plantations of them, which furnith him with admirable Liquor ; but the beft of it wants the delicate and moft diftinguifh'd Flavour of the Royal W ding and Whitfour; nor did I ever meet it in any Wilding, (nor indeed in any other Apple) ex- cept in one Sort of Wilding of my own, of which I {hall fay fomething by-and-by. | 3 2 © LHAVE only to add. concerning the Royal Wilding, that within ethele twelve or fourteen Years, ¥ believe more than 200,000 of the _ Grafts have been propagated in TDis and the Neighbouring Counties ; were fent for from York/bire ; and what would you fay if they fhould and, if I miftake not, I heard about two Years fince, thar fome of them be The Frurt-Garven Jduftrated. I4t be tranfplanted to the Rhine, which however is not altogether fo ime probable as you are apt to imagine ; for a Gentleman who carried fome of the Whitfour with him into Germany, (and, as I have before faid, no one can fay which of the two exceeds) aflured me, that when he had much celebrated the Glories of his Cyder, a German, whofe Expecta- tions of this extraordinary Liquor were much raifed when he had tafted it, cried out, He found nothing in it, for it was only like theiv Rhenith. AND thus much for the Royal Wilding. 1 am now to let you know as much as I my felf do of its omy Rival the W hitfour, (or Whitefour, {pell it as you pleafe) of which, however, you will find I have much lefs to fay, than on the other beloved Subject, becaufe { am at fome Diftance from that Part of our County which chiefly produceth it, and becaufe it feemeth to be in a great meafure co-incident with many of the Things I have before told you of the Royal Wilding. THIS is a fimall yellow Apple, which falls very foon: There are tqwo or (as others fay) three Sorts of them, but the beft is what they call the Pancrafs Whitfour, (tho’ why fo called I cannot tell you) and _is the ne there were fome of them in my Neighbourhood a great - mafrye Mears din sour 1 aight haye been dif- 3 it of our County 3 bue they are the Genuine Produce of that Part of = < Ca called the South-Ham, (bounded by the Rivers Zemg and Dart) and are not yet common in the other Parts of our County, tho’ we now begin to promote them as faft as we think we have got Royal Wildings enow. AS far as I can learn they have been long in the South-Ham, but until within thefe eight or ten Years in fo bad Reputation, that the Cyder of them fold for one balf the Value lefs than the other Cyder, as a Gentleman of that Country (very well acquainted with the Cyder- Knowledge of thofe Parts) told me. THE Qualities of the Juices are ptecifely the fame with thofe of the Royal Wilding, and fo very near one to. the other, thar, as I have before often fuggefted, ‘they are perfect Rivals, and created fuch a Conteft, as is very uncommon, and of which I was an Ear-Witnels. “A Gentleman of the South-Ham whole Whitfour Cyders, for the Year, Oo were 14.2 POMONA: O@, were very celebrated, (for our Cyder Vintages, like thofe of the Clarets and Ports, are very different in different Years) and had been drank of by another Gentleman, who was a happy Poffeflor, and un- contefted Lord, facile Princeps, of the Royal Wilding, met at the Houfe of the latter Gentleman, a Year or two after the fam’d Royal Wilding you may be fure was produc’d, as the beft Return for the W bitfour that had been tafted at the other Gentleman’s : And what was the Conteft > Each Gentleman did not contend, as is ufual, that his was the Beft Cyder ; but fuch was the Ziguilibyium of the Juices, and fuch the Ge- nerofity of their Breafts, (for finer Gentlemen we have not in our County) that each affirmed his own was the worft ; the Gentleman of the Soutp- _ Ham declared in Favour of the Royal Wilding, and the Gentleman of “Buftre. AS Pane a r YY wan ee Oe a ee ee x our Parts declared for the Whitfour. In the mean time, the Company (which was publick and very numerous) could not decide the Contro- very, becanfe (being Gentlemen of the ftriéteft Juftice) the W hitfour was not then prefent to /peak for itfelf: But thofe who had tafted each of them, as far as they could judge from the Reprefentations of their Memories, remain’d under a perfect Indetermination, — THE Manner in which the W hitfour came to fhew itfelf in its true can-leatn—Guecheftand ftrongelt Cyders, and thofe which have the boldeft Roughne/3, (and for any thing I know the Cafe is the fame with a// Apple Juices) stow harder the longer they are permitted to ftand on the Grofs-Lyes, and therefore the fooner they are taken off from them, the more they are Sofined : we therefore chufe to rack them from the fowler or thicker Lyes, as foon as we perceive they are feparated in fome tolerable Manner, which (according to the fairer or more difturbed Weather) is ordinarily in two, three, or four Days, and the more foft you would haye your Cyder, the more frequently you rack it to three or four Times only ; the weaker Cyder will not bear it above twice, . Sea BY this Method, as far as I can learn, the Whitfour was firft brought into Repute ; and I have within thefe ten Days tafted of that Cyder, (brought from the South-Hams) made this twelve Months, bottled Jaft Summer, and perfectly fine, which was as faweet and mellow as tho’ it had come that Morning from the Pound : and under all that Honey, it had all the Roughnefs and Boldnefs which is the Glory of our Cyder : = . | only * The Fruir-Garven -dduftrated. 143 only wife People would be more fparing in that firft Racking, that they may thereby deftroy that Lafcivionfnefs which may be acceptable to a Female or a Londoner, but is ever offenfive to a bold and generous Weft- Saxon. WHAT I have now faid of Racking the Whitfour holds good of all the other better Cyders \ikewife, and is the true Reafon of the Advance of the South-Ham Cyder into that Reputation which it hath gotten of late Years: A fhort Account of which will not (it may be) prove un- acceptable. THE Claret in which our truly Loyal Gentlemen ever drank the Church and King, was ftopp’d from Frame by the —~ Revolution : It was impoffible they could live without Drink, and as impoflible to have it in a fair Way (any other you know they akways fcorn’d) from Bourdeaux: They had endured an half Famine, (that of Drink) and as Magifter Artis Ingeniique Largitor Venter, they applied themfelves to amprove the Produce of their own Fruit. This of frequent Racking was the happy and fitcce/sful Thought, -by which they found their rougher Fruits fo ~_ mended, that I make no doubt, if a free Trade with ramce.was now ee ‘open “di. the _Import of the Sinaller Clarets would bE ab mtyfefened, and twenty—¥ ise teesors W ren Royal Wilding and W hitfour may Saone tay. onda, Bourdeauy: itfelf may feel the Effects of it. | WHILST I am {peaking to you of Racking, I muft not omit to fay, that a Perfon in my Neighbourhood, who had the Whitfour in his Or- chard many Years, (tho either by mixing it with other Fruits, or for want of the Zalent of proclaiming it, he never contributed towards raifing its Reputation) hath told me, That unlefs you watch it carefully, and take its firt Separation from. the grofler Lyes, (which will be in a very few Days) it is a difficule Matter ever to get it fine after. And this perhaps would be no ill Rule to be obfery’d in all the frronger _ Cyders ; tho’ whether this was his Cafe in a Jingle “Year only, (and fach Cafes I know are frequently to be met with) or whether he always found it fo, I do not remember that I enquired of him. WHAT 144 POMON A: @, WHAT I have now faid of Racking, (which, properly {peaking, is drawing it from one c/ofé Cask to another) may perhaps be as qwell, if not better, practis'd (and I know it to be the Practice of many Gen- tlemen) by getting a very large open Vat or Kieve, which will contain a whole Pounding of Cyder, and the Punmice, as we call it, (that is, the grofér Parts of the Pulp of the Apples, which will, tho’ frain’d at the Pound thro’ a Range, mix with the Juice) you fhall find in lefs than a Day to rife at the Top, and in a Day or two more at moft, to grow very thick ; and as foon as little white Fermentations break thro’ it, (about the Largenefs of the Yop of your Finger) they prefently draw it off under at a Foflet-Hole ; if you fuffer it to continue longer, all the Head, which is then become a thick Cruft, will fink away at the Bottom, and this ferves inftead of the firft Racking : But by letting your Cyder continue longer or lefs Time on thefe Lyes in the clofé Casks, you may harden or foften it at your Pleafure, as you likewife may by frequent after Rackéngs ; but this is a Method which the weaker Cyders will not endure, (as is before faid) ome or tayo Rackings at moft is all they can ‘bear, they have not Body and Spirit enough to undergo any more fuch Expences as that Operation doth unavoidably creare. THERE is one Thing not yet taken Notice of in thefe Cydets, which concerns their Age, and the Time of their continuing good. The moft frequent Commendation you meet with of other Cyders, is, that they will keep three, four, or (rather than fail) feven Years ; but I muft own I never yet tafted any Cyder, but what was bef, and in the greatest Perfection, the firft Year : I have indeed heard of Cyder, (and ‘parti- cularly fome Crab-Cyder) which is not drinkable the jirft Year, but mellow -and groweth excellent the fécond or third ; but I never had the Pleafure of making the Experiment ; however, (unlefs there be fome fuch s/]-natur'd Cyders as are a Noli me tangere the firit Years) I will venture to fay the Royal Wilding and W. hitfour will keep good as long as any other ; tho I mutt repeat it, they are never as good in any of the following Years as they are the firft, | i LET = Lhe Frvurt-Garpven Muftrated. 145 LET me; to clofe the Account of thele two Liquors, affure you, that I have heard them authoritatively intitled the Devonfhire Stire ; 1 have feen Bourdeaux and even Burgundy ftand melancholy and negheted before them ; and I have heard W bite Wine called for to cool nie Cyders. AND fo much for Royal Wilding and bier. You defired to be alfo inform’ d of the Mediate, ot (as our common People pronounce it) Meadeate. The Apple itfelf hath been fent you, and therefore I fay nothing of its Size, Figure, °c. only I muft tell you (which I fhould alfo have faid of the Whitfour) that it is a weryconftant and plentiful Bearer every other Yeaty and maketh a very handfome (tho’ no exceeding large) Tree, nor (if I miftake not) is it as liable to ob pet as moft other Trees aes THE E Juices of it have all the Body and Roughnep of the two ice Cyders before fpoken of, and make good Advances to the fame Golden Colour ; but, alas! want the perfecting and diftinguifbing Flavour of thofe Unparalle ds: Nor when made by itfelf is ic ever (or' very tarely es. bat and ait od not hd — Att as I could hever yet be a Ret-of gore be drunk Wp Fat 282 ACE tafle-forne Cyder fea toa Genital for "Prelene “heh Was id to be All of ‘this Sort, and which might vie with the beft Royal Wilding or Whitfour ; but had I been to talk with ‘the Maker ‘himfelf, Ii imagine I fhould have found there: was a ‘Mixture of other Fruit with it’: This is fure; chat by Means of its Noble Body, and excellent Roughnefs; it is a molt waluable Apple, and becomes an excellent Ingredient i in Cydet,; efpecially difcreetly forted with Fruit of a brisker and qiicker Nacuré.-. - ['T: js commonly faid to have its Name from a ‘Meadow Gate, heat which the original Plant (the happy Parent of this Jaudable Apple) firt flood; for in the vulgar Dialeé&t of our Country, we call a Meadow Mend, (I know not how to convey to you the’ tiue Sound of that laft Spelling) and by the fame Way of {peaking we call a Gate a Yeate, (as the Lawyers write yeoven fot given) and thefe Words put together in our common Pronunciation _ will afford en which is eafily pafled P52 a into POMONA: O, into Meadeate, and that as eafily into (what the better Sort ufually pronounce it) Mideate, tho’ whether it be the Faé or only the Invi- tation and Facility of the Etymology, that gave occafion to this Account of it, I cannot take upon me to affirm; only I am more inclin’d to think che /atter, becaufe I never hear the Farmer, or Effate, or Parifp, or even the Part of the South-Hams mention’d, (for ‘tis faid to be ori ginally of that Country) where this Tree, or this Gate, or this Meadow was, or how long fince it begun to be propagated ; all which we can point out of the Royal Wilding, as you have before feen. THE Apple hath been long known ; it is common in the Orchards of feveral Farmers, (but of more Gentlemen) tho’ until of late there were but few of thofe Farmers that fet any great Value on them. THESE are the three Sorts of Apples, in our County, which do-as yet carry the greateft Reputation for Cyder. You defire of me further, an Account of fome Wildings of my own, which yielded a Liquor that was talked of every where, about three Years fince; and in that alfo I fhall endeavour to gratify you. They were the Produce of fome Kernels of the Red-ftreak Apples, which, when fit to be tranfplanted, I ‘et round two of the Fields near my Houle, (ince tured into Orchards) wit r them : nerality of them (whether cramp'd by the adjoining Hedges or not, I cannot really fay) make but a fall Tree : the Fruit of them is various, moftly very finall, (as al] Waldings — ufually are, but the fmaller the Apple in Reafon, the Letter the Cyder, is a conftant Rule among us) and generally ftreak’d with Red, and many of them (I mean the Produce: of feveral of the Trees} not very much wnlike, for from the Kernels of the Jelf-fame Apples, you know we have always very different Sorts of Fruit. : Rig BESIDES fome other Differences of lofi Note to be oblery'd in thefe Waldings ; the Fruit of fome few of the Trees is confiderably Jarger than that of the Generality of the others, (avhich like smoft Wildings is (mall) and fome of them are more ftreak’d with Red-than a The Fruiut-Garven Jluftrated. 147 I HAD no Opportunity of making a Trial of them by themfelves, until the memorable Year 1724. and then they afforded me a whole Pipe of the Liquor ; which, when Racked and Fined, about February, to my no fmall Pleafure plainly, in the Opinion, and to the Admiration of every one as well as my felf, ravifh’d the Palm from the Royal Wilding. \t had every one of the Qualities of that Cydet, and fome of them to greater and manifeft Degrees of ‘Excellency ; the Flavour of it in particular was finer and more delicate. A Name was therefore to be thought of for this young Fondling ; and it was well (as you will fee prefently) this Care was taken at that Time: A Gentleman conifiilted on the important Occafion (was well acquainted-with Mr. Woolcombe be- fore-mention’d) had many Times, to promote Converfation, rallied him _on the Subject of his new Difcovery of ‘the Royal Wilding, (of which, however, he was a great Admirer) and was now refolv'd to exceed him there refted fecure, as Mr. Prior did in ‘his own Pedigree from Adam and Eve, : BRET OE | ea Let Bourbon or Naffan go bigher. NOR are you to be furpriz'd if you think this Title fer it above the celebrated Neftar which was in thofe upper Regions formerly drank ae By the Gods themfelves : for befide that, if the Truth was known, 1 am fatisfied none of them ever drank a Drop of fuch Liquor in: their Lives = You ate to confider thefe were Heathen Gods, and therefore we did not make the leaft Scruple to affront them. This you may believe * created a Smile: but afterwatd another Gentleman, in Allufion to the “Mame of my Houle, (which is Pynes) and to the common Story of the _“Wep-India Pyne Apple, which is {aid tobe the fine Fruit in che World, and to reprefent every other fine and exquifite Flavour that is known, determin’d it fhould be called the Pyne Apple = and by either of thefe Names - et ho PO MO'N Av Or, Names indifferently it is talked of, (for, alas! it is long fince drank out, not hath any other bountiful Year as yet yielded fuch a Supply) when Pleafantry and Converfation bring the Remembrance of it on the Table, which will ever be done until fome nappy saldn fhall again bring more of the Liquor it {elf there. a: I HAD almoft a to tell you, tas Mr. Wooltombe himfelf was fummon'd to the Conteft betwixt this upftart Wilding, as he thought ir, and his own Roya/ one. ‘The Suprize (and even almoft Si/ence) with which. he. was feized at firft tafting it, was. plainly perceiv'd by. every one prefent, and occafion’d «no. {mall Diverfion : He did not toundly pronounce it better chan the. Royal: Wilding, but he fpent a great deal of his Cyder Knowledge in fhewing the Reafons why i it might well be expected that the Juices of. chis: Collection of Wildings, fhould be pre- ferable to, that made from any ingle Wilding, fo great, is the Force of Truth : Andy this. was. al] that was inf; ifted on (and more, than was ex petied from him) at that, Time, as well .in.zegard to the Allowances there ought to be made to the Piety, of being Fond and Tender of one's own Progeny, as to chis veal Merit in. itil difcover'd and promoted that other admirable a and ae excellent Apple. .. : bao? ag a 4 bey aS Eo back “ia = ee A n nnew | "detra gai ak Tele iy my own es i = you; < al why I faid it was happy that the Ceeleftial Title was affigned to it in the Funtture of its being in, the Cask : for after it was Bottled, and the Advance of the Year had rais’d it, the Juices appeared: thinuer than thofe_ of the Royal Wilding. It - partook too much of the Rarefattion of hole Superior Regions from ° - whence it had luckily before gotten its Name : It.continu’d indeed very — -excellent..and. admirable. Cyder,., but. was. too ‘brisk, or rather, if you. will, frisking, whilft the Royal Wilding prefervd all its Native Majefty and Solemnity ; and from that Time was rse-eftablifh’d inthe full and peaceable: Pofleffion ge the am sean to” the no® {mall -Comfor of Mr. Woolcombe. “YOU will your, fae take. wae ~~ he: a eee my” W ‘Lisa cannot be promoted as the Royal Wilding: hath been, becaule this latter being bur a fingle Apple, became eafi ily propagated ; whereas to.,.make this Sees of mine, one Graft from each Tree in the C olleétion muft De had, I i Aa oo P ‘ The ‘Fe tr. Ganpen a had, and put on : Whether any one of thefe y ingly would make fuch Cyder, I much queftion, (that it would make very good I do not doubt) not can I fay whether among them there may be one or more, which, if tried eparately, might afford a Juice equal (or fuperior) to that of any other Apple hitherto known : I have not yet examin’d them fo ex- attly as to find any Reafon for fingling out any of them to make fuch Experiment, or if Thad, you know it rene be a long Courfe of Years to difcover the Event...» « “;. » es I HAVE ee planted out two Orchards with Wild ings fromthe Kernels (or Pips-as.we call them), of the Royal WAlding, the Trees * that they’ have not yet afforded me Opportunity for att Experiment : "The Fraie pa any of them have hitherto fhewn, feems to lay a good Foundation for Expettation. Wildings of one Sort or another, will, for the. future, be I believe chiefly cultivated among us; and would Gentlemen fow the Kernels of the Red- -ftreak in seein as I did, I fee not why they might not reafonably pro- mife themfelves the /ike Succels ; and- would they now and then give themfelves the Trouble to promote any one of their Wildings, that to wethe Tate feemeth to bid fair Serer p Pee of them for sever a Il know nolawhat" Diprene somight be iin who can lays eee may . s mona, an Offspring that may equal, or even exceed, the Royal Wilding or Whitfour themfelves, fince the Sorts of mew Apples that are to be raifed from Kernels, are, as I before fuggefted, plainly Numberle(s. TO make this Account of - our Cyders as complete as I can, I muft in the laft Place mention to you another Sort, which hath not been heard of among us more than fix or feven Years: The Name of it 1s Cockagee, or Cackagee, (for the Word, as far as I can learn, is Lrifh, in which I, as well as you, am no Critick): The Fruit is ori- ginally ftom Ireland, and the Cyder much valued in that Country : About fixteen or eighteen Years fince (if I am rightly’ informed) it was firft brought over, and promoted about Minehead in Somerfet/hire. Some Gentlemen of that County have got enough of it now to make five, fix, or eight Hogfheads a Year of the Cyder ; and fuch -as have to {pare from their own Tables, fell, I am, told, from four to eight Pounds an Hogthead. Qq Uk GEN- 149 150 POMON A, &c. - 1 HAVE late A GENTLEMAN (favourd me fo far as to bring fome of the Apples from Ireland, but by the time I had an Opportunity of feeing them, they were fo decay’d, that I cannot defcribe them to you. The Cyder is of the Colour of Sherry, (or rather of French White Wine) and every whit as fine and cleat: I have tafted of it from two feveral Orchards of Somerfét/bire s and the Gentlemen juft now mention’d brought fome of the Cyder, as well as the Apples, from Ireland :. Ie hath a more vinous Tafte than any Cyder I ever drank ; and as the Sight might deceive curious Eye for Wine, fo I believe re T: afte might pals an incurious Palate for the Same Liquors. It feemeth.alfo to be very fpirituous, and would I believe, if experimented, foon intoxicate, but wanting the generous Roughne(s, and even the fine and delicate Flavour, (notwithftanding its vinous Relifh) as alfo the full Body of our Royal Wilding and Whitfour ; it is, in my Opinion, (and in that of far the greater Part of thofe Gentlemen I have ever talked with) by many Degrees inferior to thofe Cyders of our County, and particularly lelfs acceptable to the Palate, and \els grateful tr=che Stomach. have théy-yer Time “enoug ) , | 2, hone ae ah | make with me. 1 may perhaps shather § Year fet on more of them, but I aflure you for Curiofity only, and becaufe the Cyder is talked of 5 not sai ay other Ufe I ever intend to make oF them, I am, | Pes Sami ue ir moft 5 ana Friend. aed bumble rua HUGH STAFFORD. . eee - - . 2 Fa ‘ . , Rie 4 * i] er Se ee ee ee ee 2a&Ra a : na oe aad Sain ‘ees Be 3 ps ts | ’ | og gee { _ Me b 3 Tiwi! ise TAN V4 | lif ; ING IN| WN ft AAA 7: - Sioth x. raftong F: a Vz lite +, "See ance Mies chee ee a tlhne + ane . E sme) | AJaoch headed domn ani L7G March.26.1727.* March 26.1927: FigI. Summer Berg-amot March. 1727. i yh — Mefsire John March 96.1729 2 ai ol + ER eed Py Rares hank: yt B \ oe ; f ve 1 b ——~> se P ‘ ia j ji om " ) fe A : Wy g , _ Atbemarle Peach 7 Zloflom March 10.1727, Old Ni Cf OldNewingtonPeac . ; - Ling 2) Bloom. March 10.1727 i LOE \? % —_— ta Catherine Peach’ wington Peach wn full Bloffom Q Marchi10.1799, l IL, € 4 \ ls Buds mvelling Co Bl. Peach Pe 27 = ." ine sa \ 2 «Cather May Cherry NS Second Year e ‘\S ~ 3° May Cherry » *. y A Y ail onan my setae ed git ee SS Aaa / Ss We Holmans Duke \ Ae, pwattntt a ~ Black Heart cucis —* he fev ackh Erk dow Mature Cy an Early Expanjion of dhe Leif Buds aia, gc, attracts Hlouryhment for the , B, &e. Support SF the Blofioms at B e= ay OT [It0Fy ‘“2ooys S ‘ — raed ; pf , 'o) é revolt 2 ray PY? UO PRDYS UP .t£0 ae : . Z wmovlog oapur brrwo2 hed poet ruvehk oag e * TP. Bon tes Seuty Qh UR: yuu CP, Lede q70n yee Lr tay watorb fyry Satatay) BpTe-10W | fled Ga Fe Le a mr Nee ; . ZG fP We si: : y. } | . , : > (6 ekr or pidp YP * reava mp fiapuodrg ‘arunty ye#maog WAN, 242 {6 2004/7 rivakary ay th Bt Ny -—. ; ; . * : @ pe : , s \ aN . e ky ui . ee % on, Gere (20. 997. 7 O 7 ; Scat ud fouct- Jet for -gronth flay 51727 . a r Non- Se PPT rep evi rrTr ror 3324 — { 1 uy 2 > DP aeiate JuTpeosnyjy ot pooridy 2GUkIO = AS x Bursdg ay 2 OC preg LOZ 'oOr G°AYLE- “ > TTT; 4 7 . Hue ada rr " WoyOuIM ayy plo highttt PEA woySusone pro nT f 10.1727 > eae Raa pppttlife Apps tts. Ze Me yp ourw ne 7 LeU White Fig é yet. for gronth. April 22.4728, White Mulcadine Grape nB loflom May 1.2728 South wall te Albemarle Peach wee | I erry, 72 1 : 7 , Uy SS . X bilopgore Flemifh Ch - S525 erry, He l, 10, 1727, Shir Maes One Soa ae e™, 5S oe na oes FPO ag onto wane eeoes 1787. West Will. 26, ANarth, 7 * Dae SS ‘4G GO Phe >. buniryy fo Putt py ys | Ne rete heyy ro syoorady otteaQ : . pring F s : oy ‘ : ‘4641 G6 DRY eg fo IAG OO amreretyy Suit Saal sive ice yi a bate ; pri ys > Asi Malculine A “biiee: May hp a gee # ’ * : Z | " i, ff) & iH , j HT Ss th Hi) | SS i Pn Hi = hi aie Mi Hy Hy) ih I | @ 7 Tree™ Gg: LO td CaUCeS Y dete tht 4 tee ok x: walk, 20.De vicet. - a pe pesos Cy Sere tieg i ies oman . oF a 7 A Aunds ’ the: ae i Brulel or es y Apric ag ee a a Pees va SY Ki CO72E FO prello,14. Ri, abah tee sce 5 i f 2 . Sa vane ae saa) anit Hue at Platexu Pr a a 7 5 oe Matt, 10 olmans Duke = \ leeding FE r \\ \ \ i 7 \\ \ . \ al - Hi i hae iy if ( H} W i ih ‘o TF Zisg i ee ae CEE ie igo aa —s— o4 if = —y — oe ——S << — SS <> = =~ = SS — Ta, <= SUE SS ASS RASS SAAS " ~~ m oh ZS — —= Ze Z —, —— NR mu A SA AN: SAN } AY LEAS ide a, p Ls hs Lo he vibe erate ae ey VAY, Z i fl f ig LL 7 Aid 48 Lg gg eae! Oe ae ag KZ So SEPA hil Coat. i Hi E Z all ne ae de ae a ese” Mee: a EAA LL, f, nae LA cl a id ILA Cea a ALE? £0 OLEIS IED, 3 : Pees |: oh: : pg 24 is CMALIL TUE ig Oh by Pre S OOO eM SEE CASTLES grec bomen, ae Viges cana I re CBA TA LA Ae, wodawere (AA; 2 Fe tee- a if Nie aN sie! AN ANS ANN * i 4 4 MEN iW the M, 1, il Ml LBA ao eh, - - es x2 he ee AZ VA i i} My DPR Ly Wit Ua ae He * oo l i os : mare meet “det on aa we ee CAPALME A ht pe PLB Mt bp LE ies CIe ise AME! LAME LEME ‘ Ase 77 ff ea f 7 ay oy Fr iti, itt LL ae ez Sy ae Jad he Cotisen eeddbs SEE! es eo yy s %: Ss 3S > SS an ed Ol A LA is y ZZ id es ALI eh Ap o SURE! Ieee hoe wieee AEBS S we ae oo ded or; tide Hee a tedes, Me LLL LAA tt ALP Lee GZ. WHY, OY het, Pod OP how ia a, ies LEY gz \ of IL ZA eee ee whe LLM EP t CLIT) PZ ‘bon CA ie Ae, Oe Sih hy Y Hot DEE he, aes, Ae? Se tae ue og Se WS3. Saad, teed, oe 7 ea, \ 1 (| seen" % oe ge AE eee eS SSS Ne saw eel SPN es = “wee =k wr (age a alee AP2 oi pe Fn se Sf APA ty L/ TE “aaa 7 7 eee oF ‘ae Zs’ a ee = a = fi MM SQA Hines SN ANS WS et tl Oy SIAN . \ WSs Hat f i x SIN INS NS = i ft wy i | i CUE , IITA 7 SoM MEaE me 4 Stlee how Oe, ME a FLL. 4 a OES MADOPEE ED!” AL? Z reg Ce LEI IAL A - E Mvitd Unda ggg hay OL, adee™ SASL tregies r, gett fog. y ” BLIP mts tet ee, nee ee aaa ~ ‘- BP yh glk gh ; Lege Cig oe a ee Fe oe AS Or Za Pa LS ae. A, — it a Wiss: \\ WN AN <=SSN ; . TaN ~ ; — anne, ae ST a ee PLN prt > > no seme , qumyd Cn Rae eee feXTX ‘2p sprig uassag 0p CUBLIYLY uopuory ag fe V hk Lrmunsd f0 2ucfert Yh beg gryXY ' qumyd saqeyueey 77 fO pao supafe OU SMVB/] WUT aff } eG . ee re 3 fo sucoporl fp oe mmad G we ! . peers png g UI 300 dy aSuvio ® aye Papeqry xg fire Cy y -bunmnszo sucfppayg on 102 qoordy UeUIOYy 2 . nm . = * Fay WA Ww \ nN SNS ms WN rdian. V Primo Jean Hative Jw ge a Jean Hative June 9% NNN \\\ aw 3 == = AOL CONT AAI \\ K\ \\ See oe z \ AN ~ — — Moro cco cS Fe \ Guly 74 Ss EN == eae = = = Qo N A~\ Orleans” Sutly LO, : ne 2 LI Pret A . wn (4 Losi 20 Deg: & 4 te at te : Li SS *K S RSS SS 7 a Violet Guly SE AY \\FZangley delins _— ————— SS ——————SS== —— we SS = WSs . SS San . eT ee — —— (x A 3 inter omnee y Iean Hafive © May, 4, thes \ Primordian My, 4172 27 Chefton Phimb . e Wa 4 P es ZZ = tom a ute SSS _——— 2 i ——— se — i SSS °é N \ lL ‘ ‘ \ \\\s WD \ i \ SS SS \\ \ \ \\\ NY : ‘s ; Pe - — * ie A — Rete :. : . ss > Fis —— . = gS rite : ; ~~ ees ts a tm, . bo oer SS 3s , ae \ eae S=S> = ss x ay \ ~~ s . = : x = ~ — mes “ — = = : ~ ‘i A — : = : s . = = = = = : ————————————— : = = = 5 : tf Ir ~ o ¥ Lew Perdrigon “2 | a * aah fara €4 CI wale ! =. SS or = S— — ——= BM ce 4 SSS SV SSeS SK Ss SSS =z = cee 1, WN — : —————— = Lea f aE UL ea alte yrs rae elie a a a a * % a ae Se ak ety te z ; ¥ ae “White Mirabile Gly -20-1727- 4 s . = White ?a2xxI, PLomps~ Black Damofine../xéy 25. East wall, ~ | stiainaeaiatiietiiiaei: y 4, Y YU iG Y/ DAL) Wy Yip My Wy , Wy, Wf yy Y ies Green gage Juely 30. Lact wall Fig:TM.. S oe he: 4 i Seer] ‘ es ; = SS | “i ile od —— i = — — en ——— = Se —— —4 ee ee a Gf df yy i il Yellow Diapree Mug? 6. aft wall| | -” ¥ Bones Se dB a SSS SES ee ———_>— i> =———-: —, = == > ——, a —— I = —— ——F ——— * — Sees Le Se = >>> sh ——— ——, ——* i U = —_] in tT : ———_— TS SS" ——FS — i i TT | il (di | i i | Ht / Ht “a Mii vy Os, i i. i \ a y Zo Vy We . y i Hi 4, - ty i rl $ White pear plumb Aug! Jo . Nor th # mall, 5 rt ———* ————— SS —— ——S[S———S pil iy i} Wil NINH ill i } i Hit y THT ——, Y = === \I — = = —— SJ = = 5 ——— — — —— ——— =< —— ——_ —— J —— — —————— —_ SSS ———— = ———— —— = — = —=——_— — ~——— ——. ———— => 5 SF a == —— ——S ———— — =— —— —————— ———— > ————— SSS SSS ——S _< —— —= = ——— ——-— ————— —— —= = = —_— —— — — ——— —— —S— ————— —S SS => a ——— — S— — ————— => = => Se y — —- | ——s — 1 { HH hin, f i } H y 7 N) i —— — ——= = SSS renee se _—— — —s —J ‘ SS SS flat IXF, i) yy Black pe ar lumb \ 10. Standard, j Uy Yy b, li Yy YY Imparatrice ‘Wentworth plumb > df * 20. TD Bowles Se. Lh Addy Gaps ee we, MH Stitt THUY) CU MT 4 ‘ “4 % realty SBuUy Ay ’ 4) 44 ’ 4 eH He: tAl MAE ge gtesty He i 4 Wy PASEO Atty, fy fs BUTS Wh AH iH) fae Ny ai iy 44 rH THD i) 4 ig 4, A! Wylie tS ty I Zip i] 4 1 Ae ‘ oe, Whaley nn tf, aoe, Hat A 4) id ihiid: 44; ijtay Ney A 4si4 i “L471, FUE Hal July teondveni = ate ES = Roz anna 20.1727. S04 idl, - 7 ce Vas A \ Se \\ 20.272 ae Sy teas a c —— uD cing fees warns” te S25 ; + $y DY OP ORE ANY Y ehh SRESSALNE MOP ANURNNRARS. ‘ ree. Se ore ae CE ag Oe on. Mele rae tweet Cowan! “se ae, a = ae. aig Rn. ag See re ee ere, == ae este ere: PSSST S28 les overs Sseewowas iat ae Sse we <= Bate SoS oe Cai w oo ee ew wae Sagi w ee en Per pce oerw enon wae ATS it Nee Oe oe tn wae a Benth or - owes = eo =. sae cee aOR. oe. oon warn Oe ware a ee wares ee oe Soar ee A Se eee, ge ae “LPS a ea ana, See arww tn Cates , ara hehe (at. Mae: ors Ceres ware oy Oe co Se. ae prt re oro SS a See POT we are, tara are ea eee Fae. mz 0 es on 5 SSS —— —— SF er. : aos SF ga en Rgeaier 7. 4 itll, g ~ Red Ma Pig. Wyarety eee med July, 20.77 Magda ene . Mall. White \ A ve \\ ‘\ \" \ 1s t * fy KOXY VV 469 WAVY ; On) risen eh, \\ VA “= Oo slat nS en Pao ceed Us oe — Se ~ eS SOD — ane hi ttas Wi WaiaeN (x) Ok) OOK HOOK <=. = =, Se = «oe, ¢ REE “4a We Widiy, NSihcial: NSH Ss ASS eh pa ~e Prete oo een eererrr Ire PTT eon OA ee WY) a! sy Dk? eNOS cAMAERY AINE BRN BR? Seber Oh aguiseyy RNS hioe eS ‘ ane ws 2 r ae Pe ee eva A SN NYE at ea aw eer rae eed tes OM ae ae oe ae ea ea tia Re , atin ~ ree a OE ae eM (FEE Mr i Te oe ne Oe ee tae, Twa g. Caran ne: eee epi age ota Fed oe. i, ao". op LE: Cre oe. UE EER NE PT ok Me Sede CM NT eh A hg tat 4 ete ee Gammon o CIs Cg ETAT oe. an Sore 2B Fatah - aon Oe: sce ~. a ee >> Swavewn ae Pr aghadg ein ee eee Me in CELL een wee lee. ee ae a ee Se Oe TO TL Oe PTT ae ‘a og PTT IN ee ae a aa eee wae ee ge ae wer =r z SIMES: eens as Oy OD Ee hs Moraes PE # Se. ghey ele ee ae a a wo a “all ere no eee eee $4 we o ve. es ee pe COLLET: <_ ale ee Ze Sowa Peers wee SOLE: ee arte ze “A as Oe o ee: reas Ma cs Cems Conve “s ere FT PT i ge OF er z. cs oe wees aaree: ses. Sore eee Sofas LA = a nee Pn ee wae. bar Samant Mes POT SP mz eas a oe is ef oe = mes “ip. fe Rian oa A 7 Le ke At eee Gla ieae (A a SE fer? Lilate 28 a — Smiths Newmgton ~ ~ —~ -—— >. = => eee —— a ae eee = SS oe SS SS oes ee ee == = eee Seo aD 5 Ne oe een Ss << ——s rn — eo em os = Ss so ae : —o— —e oe ~ <> a a — os ——-s ee See a ae owe =o esse - oa . 5 oS ~— — os ae ose a oe ee ee =s — — - — ——, a 4 A <>, = == =e a -_. ——e. — — —— ———— SSS i iy ; i —— = i EDN 20.1727. 4 Wall Be OP em oN Ss ass. - So Sel ~ = ~ SSS SESS = — Sas SSS : . = oss = oS Ss == os =. ~ & SSeS = ~ AAS fe = <=>. oss SS Ss SSS aay ~~ S sole sere: ——— — « — —— a —" SE S55 EL ao ne Te == Nese 3 Se SS S Nobles Luly 20.1727. A wm. AVE \ My Wy +h Y) OG NY N) WAY \ i} \ HG \) 4 WW 444 iV} N) { i i} ‘ \ GOOLX) \) Aki, i // OYEKX) ‘) Ww AYN AX) it} KY i} nit YY i) Ai 4h AX | iy i (WG i) Sere Igoe ke o> PP> s P, AA 7 YY \) Mi MK MAXX YY) WAY +64 \\ NOOO OO 4 \) PARAAAN ‘ + XY) XV 4 | \) Y\ i (X) +t \ +44 YAY ' wi) i i) XX \ + 4 OO) WX WW) WY) fi Fee ' \\ ’ X NW) NY = 3 Ss mo ss Sd =: — fa) +6) Vane WW) y + A) aN oR, ae, a —— == BSSse Roose 4 Ss ag: FY) yh} x) _—a th tin ch fe i fi Wh of, ep ad Wily 3 0.1727.S Will. SS a — WQ parece peiaeese Stir ase Poss pi —— eetaar ee —— eaiet cae = I = os oe ~— os SS = yy Bh) a ety ae8 wa ——— ————<———S LEED O LED wm Sa gecewata bree ® “. A haga dh hd dtadiad ore Satan OB UE DoW goood re MT ao i OTE OEE OD GLE ee = : oe ra SET Da 2 errr ao oa LIP LL POLL vg I I Lr et Stee ——— ; F hah eR nbbnheh- v2 ‘a ease ane: Caer Ok, Lhe io wae a: 4 SEN 4 Whe N of fet Ape Di EET sae AD Ee ead Ce ELE Ee Oe rr, Lae LAA LL Pee OP ers oem ee a Sh a’ 4S tah ‘ iE det ae 4s \ 4 az 2 eta Leo EG aor ee sete, ZA ee. Z 2 ae A AA 7 a. a on ee ot, .‘ Nh * a! Y yt 4 ns aa a) = as wih 4 AN BANS NN NY AN ~. z iges: = ae AM, Cin 2 Owe agg Goneme se. ma See é aged Ure ewe, LL Ep Pp AA pp PP LLLP A KAS Re eed 7; Tf? Cae wee. Eee T 6 Ce ae ew rs) aaah ANS aa ) 7 ANSE 4 vet . eee ne i FF we 7 2 vt wa NAY wv ey; SANS =h M » -. ge pe nears LE ww tS) AN ‘8 ENN Ni a a\t aN} = . OSS eee Z : aa 7 oa are. 2 ? oa z EA = : ares 2 nO gn arg a mae OEE ae Fs . f ——_— ie ae at, = ae, o. - eae fers LL) —s ae a 7 . 2e%5 ST Ey -STRy i oa ee es a2 =. : ce = i eo . = Site : See ewer resee — . > iu r= a ro y Ge S ae Say ey7mM or. eectorm z OI = 9 aS = ano: — Bien 2: oe <= aw = S = ee st2S = = as S < oe =m Ze, = agg a <== 4 J . at) at He a 1 z UG. t ; coer : Ss K Po = ' nae ee ‘S A ra ‘ “S ' ee BY A A = fH See 4 a Ody . = BEN» bss \ ‘ a LAA = GSS 8 j z Lege = a’ we Zs ee han) Wy em Swen Caan a 2 ‘ = TO ar ot yiy — Ser ta ae eae Cow Tay “aa aa a aman ae ae ee eh | - ae a8 ee Me IE PT ROR “Ze Le LiL ED SS oh aa ‘ = farars oo ae vg' aed. as a ee F< neg a EF: a SEPP: Pe vee Ceerwrpy es FE SP ego —— — LS =. WS: ee ee SASS eee essere - Nectorime Joman - geet, Sey UJ 4 iY 5 Par He HEH Pat HHH HHH » Hi jantee - <= = — alt ] nt SR Mawar Vee SA oN : z Xe SANA. QRS SL AREY Sy —— ty = SS Sh ee" co gem et Rs STERE 5 \ ; "4% erere Sali Boe OY ye Te % Soe x al 3 : Elroute Neetorine 3 20.1727. j re eae, 5 fying Chip LIE Ce oeoed a ~ “ ae Zs — Eres =a = Py ey ee 4 sao ; “4 ii Ck OT ge Po : } wo Op . / aa eG eer oa eee S \ ewan wa owe Sos ; AML AL ge So eee - . ze = Se 2552 aes eee Sooners Sats, Gee Se oe eo —_S> SSS SSS — —__ ot Sao: Saas Ses eae ee Ss see ee Soot SS — SS SSS _———— = —— 4, 9, Wy "4 ) _ D WO) YY) : Sac . serge Sess es ee a8 Seri) Pk natu Seek ta ¥ \ aA eae ANS RAN AW — pata cen weit neil eee, = Elna’ pO . : f i ee oa enna pF hse enccrinnnncragh _—— So So oe ae - ears ca poe eee 5 A see far ae Rite Sa ee orien iveletug SSK SS SS SOS Kx %, a eae ee Was ai A aie ete Be et Admiurable vega, ss ee a smeccon SSS SS S———S hay q) A eae gets sae wae ne VTE SO Leer as Ala le r] Wy GLH, TAS ws > .Violete Hative . ~ 27. ie e, * Cos \USS RES! Ps 3 SO SSS SS s has SSS Soe SEBSRRES b ue 5 a wae, ae ss coos Re eee ee > et a Witt fraeace UH Oe: Owe w are a ms ” =. 8, ar a ae enn maar aa ae el So A 5 sitatetee, a See =e ae sau, ON ee Ss ot = Ma ks Se Ss exe * See eo yt Hang ~ SN ewe ten va lar ae. 2 2 a. an a eee a Hit HD ‘ ae LH febatat; Hy * ’ 4H a Bee z a VET LT PPI ELALL IS Le inl wage ae <> Py =F Sona — ost, we AN ws ~ dijgesiee Wit Saige AY: uy . s Les * 7 z ee RENEE EEEECES S LOL LEE EP OLAS fe a t oS = = —s =e eB’ ae oh Be SEB ES te! se iae peget®s, fiiiser é me ‘Tt Pan eee ee Oo ae, te e ‘See aie neciwwss Rehm ie rhage bs be COLL LS SIL MIUETET SE EE NSIPITA EEE ie Zz ¢ iT) PTS, “y Hasire oe ie Sour wa rey fae ae Temple Nectorine e Fake" 4 ke ‘sys SS Pilate XXX) OldNewingtonPeach. : mig ' : Aug “10% 179 f = itp + — >< > = lad > a aa ~ a —— Sees nae Sey me eg re Seer os 255 a ose S. Con em <2 a ars 2s MOS I IE CELI TP OO eee Sa oo SEs oe “an - l= — oes, Seas Toe " SOS SIS ae, oS 2S ZO Hee 7S ae arn iam ca LEME eg te SS i ae 4 — Ss, 2 eee Oia! Oo ed > ante oon es oo O06 a5! =, SSL S re, 3 2 252) Sireles, a, ; A teas nang. me. * 4 2. e SE Seta c. tecae ee og an, tte ne setnieat faseen : cece ame. Le te Albemarie rye Aug 10. a SESS eS eS Saat <= Se SSS Ok = = =~ SESSA S SE SoA ke, = ~~ S é OPS SC} ae Sao SS TS SSS Sa ug Sg Poe Ske a De A eget ge Oe Nee ee Sone “Neches - SS = es IEE EERE ISLE PO RR ODO > SS eed OS eS — ww OS SSS — tl os ~ we s io~ he * *' SS es en I ee AS LS ke — SS SSeS o* Saee soe See SSS Soe8) Soe = ~ Sa = on _— “a an, poe Ses. weet Vet. Sieteces oO ~ eS ~~ re = = =~, + Sag — .- ~' ~ Sate ase eae. Petes Seater atte SOS OC Se eae SSeS OSS a var * = ae - trast s sos Soc SS * 2 O etee tae. oe S35 os Sees Brookes Peach Aug” 8 M4924 my, ~~ 7 SS A rat os TEx: = Le ey aoa 2 ae aa v2 Fp ppd pd HE wwe SLT LIL ELLA rat rs OPTS ELddd ZZ SS rs ow, aaneae Se ras eee mp ee Se Pe I PERLE Ls Se Add gpd tp phtitp gett LL i ga ppg pf AA p dai ttt ZA LALA be pd pp aon SS ae 73 SES LILO PSST IED Lg LIZ AIALLLED rt Lig AAA API LL OS AIL I DAL RAZA ZILEED ~ ee, PILE z PIL Ean Cees tee Ad ZZ eee. Peg ILE TA = we ; Soh NY = ~ = —- = — a we, ar, ; “< - ses 3 v2 Se Org, 2 we « ee eon ‘ ct . tis a a a ST LT, z cena ae : "ee. Ggtrata, Matwagge ta, age te sioees <== BUR it Z : LEC ae. wapeae ae xy ag esse tocswsens = : eel SSS 553 ——S e 7 Pe eA re ay . a, Sane westtersen : ae ——— eres Lae tweeen = om = ANN sae ae ——— — = Sa | aig weteres Sse x sss Sig —— ————s = en ae Hemf{kirk Peach fe gh aa —_ —s5 ~«.%, = le SOs SSCS OSS St aes 5) ~. +* ee" p< ns Sa - S <= =e mY ae Orn) ‘a* SSS BOS a eee Ss = th “aire SOTA Z pees Thee Ss = OxxXK) I, Ox fii 5X +eeee a's x On 1% Bellows Peach Aug! 8% 1727 ——S < nen an’ qe , eee ch ABTA on ial —- ee ewe, OOP La Oa wd ae =e es \ \\ \ = aoe a Sosws <8 < we fawn ae 4 we weet was Sa W227 ae Seem G LEAT TTS RATA NCE a OSA rRNA ae mul CZ Will. “= Pavy Royathag 15.2727 Hy ely ANH NA WAN WN SS MAG N ; WS \ SS nS ANY — Zz Coy eee rsthearsee Sh AAS wh i/ NEAR NY 4 \ 4 44. 1727 - SE. Wall. i Porpree Aug AA, i) Ys Uh Vy LNW, AM SSS ify UHL Wy MIU, Wyfi//) Yj Wii YY, A Wy Wy / h Why, all Bichets Aug’ 25.7727. SHE SJ —_ —— on ot =F : — SS ———— ——— SS — ————* —— Ss = —_ Bo! vse" Oy 25. 1727. £ AE. Hall, wie 2 ——— ——S —— Ss SS SSS ——— —S —S— SS ss > : rs ta niece oP anes eee ee fier es GEES soz ANE Ty «8, ON RE Why «tae NS “ss > DNA RON EONS AVS Ce" aa ‘| ‘8 a egies an a arog: on , ey Yi by Ay oa +t ite the Far Vipers (fara aliens faa Malacotun: Sep.10% 7 m Ta Se, en ate Nie. the a au AwENe TES: ay Petite ot 4) +S SARK Rost y % *« aes Ss . . ae =e She se Sf a 2s ty SS aS eee r > oe af f See ee —, j 7 <—S5 Pi: = ie eS SS KSSoos oS SONS] pa, i Stet oe %, o ESS STS SS SES SB Se SSS ESS SOOCS ic ee Se ee — ee OSS SPOS Se ox eeren ch SO 5 ‘> = we os bh eS 4 22: ere oe Be == Oa Seema ee, oss Bose sS Ca * a= k aoe Slate XXX . Ss =* 7 en Se * =. > —_~ s. SS 2% Lt Na ng Ong i; PS ES : te ee et ae POPES oe oP RS PO IS SO ee Ee LSPS OPO RO ee Se a ee ee ete oe > , eS SESS 2 A wee, Oe Sey RS OS nO << eT was eee > Pe PSO SO Cara en Oa. ORS NAL, ee eae gg Te aN Soe ae aa ee an ae en rae a oe, $253 Sosa BSc ars oss ope se — BS ESSS OSE SES ROS SORE SRE SOS OST OS a eat gta a, ng ge ae Sm ee aS SSeS re See ee ee ee ene a. : SS SS re op oS x oe ee eS Swat ee 5 a On Oe eee oo Sen ear ee ae ee Patan eae eee ha Pa ee, ee eee NS ee Og Pon oe ee 50 9 Oe, Pan eae Cg Ogee Soe See ee at eta ees eo a ha ——. Sank ee ae == OSL os RS Se OK <=. ra S2 a <2 se RES <=: tt ae as Ore ——— See so Pon rod Seon one ae eens eran Fonte. oe Seno .t SS Aviad Si See SS = ea SSS SSeS ~ SS == <==. = 7 ee Ag ae or a wes = 1 aa =f ees oo, tae eee ss = ran PEL " roo =~ =>3 eres sa eS A eg OM, _ ar was oa PP SLLIS . = —-- Zo wrote eee Sees SSO apie we <= == wre ae ee ro SSS a =SS =< - WSs = SS: area, SS C2 ae war. z ae Se Z SS ne ew wa ne —= x ERvarees saan ee eee SSeS eee —<—. e £7.50 Wall a oe SSS PATS setnannes SScktrrs Torts Saas heueeuntaly MLAOELSES wa gee SSeS cee eeelt ‘== crx ~ pen cette eth aot wy af im G =} z us mr SY -* oa et PP) TD oS ome e ewes 9 alga SU — SS oS os REN AY ' BNA ANN BSN ROR NAY SES SREN NADP AD \ a eo omg EL St nie wee a, OF tage Wa oe ry at IN} ¥', ore 4 \ N h ih ee en = ee —— SS a = == . 4 4 = aoe SS ! ! nee —— RR eS =e eR oR = Se SSS OS SSS SSS OS =~ ATT WAS WLARLeNe™ ik 2% Sten eee SS o Ez ———— — ee — = =. — = oy : SS a Py >» 9 = Belichevrule Peach < SS eee area i : KF dF e Pler ie B he 2 4049S a SS ’ AES nancet tong etre feet eae - am ESSN NS ester seat: fee ae os x e*, @: 0 ; BOE eae RES ee pe JA SSeS pe BSoSsy wietae, 4 osastenSoaten ster nas samtentat Seren see Ky J - "ee ote ; we BESS Sees SSS SSS Ss Pe) ce Soo EOS SSO cS ee = SOS OS Sa eS. OAS OS - APES ISS OSS OCTET OS SO aes SRS SOS rm SOS SS OS Soe SSO, SOS SS ee ee s Z@ SSSSR SSeS SSS es SS OE) SOS OES SOS . oe: Burdock Peach j = 4 == > aa 7 a EE ae casa wanes Ee roa, - Tf ALL ee or, Tarn . mE Fj. \ eee ‘ \ be aes tarts \ eakee Set: St wnt ae _. Seer Sia ——— = (eb 5 YELLS SS ne SR ESS ES SS ne Se ~ = es = Ses, S Cer ESOS OOS O LSE OOS SS TSO PE SD — =" > > ao = ~ ~ = > >. Ses at ~—s —— os — Ss .s > a= 5 ee SSS SE eS ee Se OS OSS Sn —— —— Oe —-. “ * ete SSS a eae waa eee eee anes — 7 peo ta eS ae SOS S * ee ee tar See ee See ee el en eee et a. ~ o> ~ > ~~ oo => Se SoS + SS Ss SS ee ee eee nee ee 73° - Se _ a ee a <- oe a eee 4 s e = <' 4 xy AX) UALKANY) HOA Ay yy) Vu = SSS ———— es COAL Wy 4s" Wad *§ m) ‘ (AY) MA) My) Li Lh) NWN) ‘ ‘ XY — a a ke Nh) YY OO ) ‘i WY BN | ‘ Mt ( » A) rh) ut it KM) Ny) —— INY) ay nt 4 ON) iN AOU WAXY) = os SOS Wy y) ws Cs ? bY) PLAY XA) me “as, Se “SS Riees 5 =>" Catherme Peach ———— ———— eed etry DOOOXAOLY A) —, . a : 3 oo Le Erroneous Melbod Sf a I. lout the 200 of May | 4 | =. ND Pathan : ‘ eA: Ze ofp ma: Cf 1 ee Bae, ch Me ogo, tw eo > T= So a7 7 ae ae a a a ae vars er Ae Ss = *, y= Santee CLE So. SSN SS A = OSS SS Whe aw i Sawey ra eesest ree: yee <<, > *, earesae Ie Ee. fi) iy, Hf h i} ij WEL, f as ui] i} Wy PPT if MWh iy UHH 5 wey LHI LIP tf iti WME a 4, UF Ly Z 4, 19, if} feats! MEATS AY SNS AY H } ME ae “ut IH Wis H wae pent HEH MTT) YY f, AM HH CMD Hs tthe ; Z — Veghyrpennra Tr rr! rrr reg ot / White Mule adine Grape Ripe Auge 16 © South Eafe Wall oes = fesees a3 senate’ 5 — — 40 oe eeere * me —— —_——s = See Ry Uy > BS a G Ves * Ly yy ioe Vir; Whig WAS VAS Sa ———= ——— S \s i re ———— 6 Ks a S - - “oe —————— =r ee nnn, 1! SSS —— = a ity 4 Gel.20 Were: Au JS S White Frontimac gtiee: Wn if spre We oe = Socios oS ~S.*, a ‘2 SOS SK he See = — SSS 7 es Soe SS. x Sos, SS eee! Tee = ator oS ees mae p) pm: Mh Wi / HM Wy y Oy H) == <; =a <2 ete: Settee een SSS ~ . : ‘* —— sts —— SS —s =e" Sc5 = eet TVS ELST AANA + VAS eee. SUE. =e = < a SSS SS SSS = ————— Se SS Se! Se -S SSS - SS “SS a ae. Wee = . i, N \ Le Site ~~ ow SSS Ate , te ae ei moos ay xa ANeta al ANS Uh \ % 4 as Pr y \. S)' sate mS tN RANE SS AANA ees any A We tee Hs PEA NRE NY A eit rest? , it NAY SAAN) i) iets, WYN) = — ee od = WO: * Black Frontinac Sope.a 0."a7 27, : South wall Ff = - +2; ca SLL2 SSS SS sige. x SS Reogs < Oates SSD (SoS SOS OOS OS aan tene tae S fs SSS SS sae NS eee as wD Soe Soh Jess Seca oss 4 oe Ss ee ss ae SS s SSS OS SS ZA = Soe SS = SSS SS Ss See SSS ss J x RES ANS SSeS ‘ \ WAN M WN ney My = = ~ - = ve SS 7 - So ‘ef SS OS SSS Se ee ee ae er = ee SSS a SSS Sa SSS =. ~s SSE BSS ROT oS SS ~~ SRN SS SSNS Sw “] eit Beacise, Suze Ler LESS SOS SSS SSS SSeS SNS SS AS Sa ES SS SSeS SESS SS es os ~ J os Ss = 3 = Ss S ‘ ~ SSN WSs SSN Ses ‘S SAS Li Tash SSS SS SSS SSN SS SS eT ‘ = + Way, ww \ AY Lj ) ‘ NY i , SA as ANY M, A Ss SAY ANALY SANT ers S LRA SAL) = inneat rari ‘awa ar Se ~ ett x Se ~s ~Y PlateXX XVII v = SS SSN ~ SSS So ~ —Sate os =~ ae Ly BSS ————— acto —— — — S —=, e 2 ; ’ A = s be | i | Grape 17 47 : —— di , : ~ aceon t 20 —————————= Whate Lombard Jip Chipe i | k ~Grape daglag 7, a = BT ‘ 172 Br Ripe ———— CLLON ? Ie e b Pa @- . : . oe . es “Plate. XLI. Plote XLI . th ee : | Black Clulter . TT TR eiewidie Ripe y gundy’ October 1 0. 1727 September 2 rape ora ii; ° Black Bur 727 a < : SS Vineyard _ st € Ripe . m y er = \ —— = - ; ( H ee - - SS ae <== {A . a aaa —— - AN Ses ; — Seo ee ee ee ——s = y : : a . : ! ———— << s = ‘ ; = Pe 3 Fs ty * ,, $. = ~ : 2 = Se “aq i @ Pi), — +o Porn aes “a aff , ff : SEES fl mt it | i ina | ZB {\ le 4 | i } i) \ y il . : SSN ANY | — ss | | —- Kt * Ge Sa ~ merramamnananensenta mC” SESS Ee ERI AGEN AIST aerate A Se SS TSE Black Efperione Grape ‘ Jep et: 20% 1737. . SW. Wa. ey eee ene ee ae met \ Be 7 | ii } . ‘ ‘ : é . si 5 . : 4 : j . : * iV " UU e ; 5) i Ng ER |/) Hh { \ sii nes ey/)) Mh pms //////////// ett if ] : Wy yy ve fy i yp “I ms Yh i /dp = - yp / ih Kz Nite Ay’ X yw ? Fi} OPV a f ipa! YE ee +i ’ we ¢ A} Hs; if SN Watts Ate Ss tb ae A a A ER _— > a OCS Soot eae ne SOC ~ —S: eee? ctemen' & aoe SEX 5 IO Ss = oa wees oe oo oo . « Ww SS = + TVW. Ss Ss SS QueatSveswyaces Ws 3 . ‘At SS Lr) Wy ~ At Aas AAR TES VER Ts i ~— aks. ~ a oe SSS OS sal — aT Vgtate NIST CRS SRE AS <> a] Ving” ay ta 7 alage tyeyaat.t Yah ti ie SAAN ~~ ~\, ve, soe oO ze Th \\\ — \\ SAT LEG LE ts \Y YA} }/ Ys sShy Uf aga ARS Yi, if RS Hf Uff Mi fp t Ny" att? if// j f/f ff } \\ A We AY yy, 1; z A} Sih Rin x ad ie SAMA) e YY fe LASS Vibsiy \ \ NN inh Ba ws ‘AN “ER yt ash! AW N) NS Ze: ‘dee gas: Mf, it ide MM ATTY, Wi pp —S SO aa i ee Wat, LE 58S *. ‘> Sos SO35 “> at ia. 2 ae: as os x LN \ \) \ Xi { =, : SS ‘ w i MN NY a x Ye nN) SS RS = = a Ss > uf SSS UM ig 4h G jh : \ ; : ys: ii WY Ys A//| i z Y///) SF; : ANS INN Pea eee LY GUY YY ' Boa\\\\\\ | WANA Ss M7, LL fy VLA Lp hh el Pp Uf, ; VARs eee \ \\\ ‘ ARNE j ‘ , " N) 1 a Yi y Yj UP) y WY LY) W544 ; | : NR mas be AAE ‘ NNW > i } N So > * >, *. ‘i Nj ‘ +, tN ‘NY Saeey s SShbes a Seon’ —~ ARS Sos —) ae Se < eee SS “SS — ae a ia a eres Oe wa = ~~ aos + 8%. a an Stes. SSS ON Sehee aS SS) 7 ee — Ay noc Fa — an ate Po APD Oe oe. EA. A a ae ae ine: = = see S es es SS = ~ => = ee AS tee ss2eSs > ee ST +e * Ste. Samah e =a See Serre =o eR s eas Le MY SO SUAS het B.S 5 SSS A Rice SSS TARARNV EES 5 3e 8 ans oo ., Ss Sor aaee See SS Se ee we HAT iA SSS SSS SN ‘ ‘ee A = YS ~~ AA 445 ‘ ee P) ’ 4 eR, toed ae alte ciate ie at ae eaten de Upp» gy Yip Yy \\ \ SE ONS \ \. \\ f ‘4% We ‘ \ \ \ ; \ \ \ \ 5 4 ae ee « Ht a HY LH Bay : o* » 4 Lit Hy Sy = we ma SSE it Wi 454 WH A = wn =e Ss S SS sa <= ? : be - if Ti | ) iN iN N ill | Ms = ZN a IN 7 bij ~ SS Ss ~~ ss — SSS Sse SSS SSS ba Se aS ee SxS mare ean = ~~ a es = = =— a = i i! ral SS N G = ~~ —— —_—_S —_ —— | = = SF SS = Sst —s — Hie ee —S ——- —S=S=——— —— Mase ss 3 sesseitaye : Black CurrantGrape Aug! 9g%1472%. aeareh =—— — x= = Ss Ss = ———" Ss = : = =—S ——— —= LEO —S UE eet ‘ A a — —— ———— eS —_ ——— = a SS -— ——H —— >} ~ ——> = — i — I 2 — == a + SS SS = = SSS Sasso} SSS eS SS Sa —— = : — wha | Loa <—— i a : Vit: : Z b\\ \ as [BF , We GZ, . Hit Vi gi eee (4 Hi Hh W YY, , 1 ii ZA { : 3 4 apy WA: iY ty : . )y ‘ By, (| BYE Uy, \\ \ \ ‘a Hen A Mii Hy MY, \ X\ \\ \W\ ie wy Hy GHEE: i] EK \ y Hy y BY \ \\ \ WE, = ~ ~ SS Ss ~ = = 5 x = < —= SS Ss ee L—SS=SS=== yt ——— = = — ———S i fi HT HEN a — ee = = 5 j, ———— te — a oa =~. ose = (} — SSS SS = = =k ~—F ee ——— ~———F Wig ih MY) hig th Osi) mL I UNE HW) is Wy Hy Hy ———S —S= yy} ‘ a ar na ero Ss oe Ss a EZLZZZE LZ SS aN = SS SSS: SSS —E—>EE SSS = = ——— S — ee as SS Ss ———— SS ——S if \ A \ Te sf 035 | BAY ))\) Hy] ates : 4 f RY | i} | Hi RY / | crs EZ PA ———s ———— * ut j iy, { (eiteess.- —— > Ee = SSS _————— ——) ———SF ee ———— —— Seen oe agen ee aiereeenasiencaetinar a __— —————_ =<————¥ eS SS == = —- - a ———————————— — ~ — — — ——& ——* “Cgctaeneeccemnee ere Sao ooo ieee er SS ———— ———_— a —— = ——— ea —= ie TET: —— SS a =e ———— Ae) i — —S oF —— ———— —— {IN ni . ———— ao —————— ——— —————— a SS =——_—_—_ ee ——— ss —————— = —— = ——— Lele oe ‘Claret Grap 3 f ys, if f By th tye ft} y N e : y ti yy Y Y e 28 Hs lbs Es fe ud 30.172 7: FL Bip yy f yy / ys | CBP Apis oe i, UY yew | yar 2 — EY Yi YY ax * sy : ell pn ES pi 52688 fi CS MUSUEL 5 Sa } f : ’ J H ; = eee! pe — F fi Tah ed i = \ Hy \ Uj ——s se yy, Ww t bere — % is Hifi HH) Wy. /) q " \\\ \ | MW), j i} \ Nh > a" POS rer SS ——— ————————— —— SSS. ——————————————— —— Se — arent? ——> SS ——— = — ——> SSS SSS ——— eh Nl Hi ——— ——— SS SS —— S—S=S=== =~ ~~ See Ss —— i en H i Hy HY ! Ht igh —— == — ——— HAY af H i ti) 4h ais Se =e u ee — ae a, en —< ——— oe eeean nemeemneenseaienprenmemee ae at — i 0 AX W\ ANN tn \ \ Ba zr SS i _— Mj ane ——— ————— FJ dF — ee = i fl July Grape - Fiky 25° 1727: Ee adhere \\ \ : y \ ANN \ i iT) A Oy \\\ MN WN ij +} = fF = it <—— = : q he amrieicaeeee : : me ~ Se 2 ery “encore : p <= s i ot Plate, La. ‘ An we SA Cs SS Y SAANSS SNS ‘) x —— tsi‘ Fa | sz : EEE Eg oe oe a : ae = eae 2 aa Cpt nk oe ae a ng ee a a a — _——————————S— SS a Section of the * . SN QS GB SS ae Aug. 20% SS ——— SSS SSE rr a ge SSS MAN ee SN Siar : en \i =— N ARES AN vi => AN a SUAS AK Black Sweet water’ eAAVARALAY —— \ \ \ ra Ww \ \ es K\ ————— Ent = ———————S—S Oe ———————————— : SSS eee er eA = NAA NAS NY AA AA) * ————— — — 2. ————— INN ANINK A | WY yet SALA NRA WN ‘ t ————— ———— AAA vahhy ‘'y ZEB i = ae aaa ETT eee canna q{| 2 Ay: (le cme. —_ ul i} Se Of the A Sassen \ \ JSechon a | ete | \\ EAN a tt 10 Aug. White Sweet water - A » f Z et ia e 4 Blaugly Delir Seon! Jrith Soule Plate Bi, rpe Tuly 20. South walt. a ( ia ; (| TC hut i i nih i9 a i We : Gp iil 2 Pe: lie iy inh ) ( We | P . Ce | : ese < fi | Hie ih pean Dy i 4 ; ii ; a Ml ae r i il | ai i mn | wm Hn Ue ; a i hie “ rs l A ii a il MY WA ha Ml Hy, r 3 x sil I f . i tie if ihe eee | i il Wel “ 2 is it ay i ig ine GR S 4 aa Hil i, I Han A ee HE SM A Ke A \ : i Wie el AY. ait Mt | | | " HA H mii Set, 73 a) el an i i | Mi * TT LN i ih i : ye ivi iit i a ‘| ra " le en in po 4 le YG | . a a isan Ht wtp Bayh Min Wy l ee or oe = — x +t ae OS ees == = ~* j — ae = - ay SS Se ee SS ——— ee — a a, — p= (<} j fink —— st ———— (== . ioe —— F- —_ (= White Fig 2" Our). | BLawley Detir: ity Mi Hii ‘ a eer il sing sea ce > 2 wl & é f al a oe, ‘i 24 SSS im i P. ‘ il i rat li Ae ay . ise a ath \ a 4 it ‘ ire ae : ms al “ay iy ee sd We u i Na GH a Nae ee na tl , iA. Li fi Pri) | i y i hy it Gh i ih Ni ‘ Me i ! q ( i cult ae a ges: q i f , oe ig’: 3 Ces ¥ i 7 a * ‘ Se, aS of . Be WN roth fs iy ? AR iN Sia ‘ i gs A < re SP ee -' i il Ha ih i y : 1 ie NL il ti ] (0) i ” in it 2 ii a in i Sel ~ Xs ill =) ‘ii 4 . i : i ne x c ( i a v ee vy ‘ i if y se val ih me 2 ih < i 4 y é "| } i il iN } i Ah | ~ i ii li i . ae | ‘ i iN « on ey i Ni will li i \ it th) wll Ly A \ ‘i vl a i . | p Hi i i il IR : y : il i ( (is Dsl Re iw % @ - a A OOK ‘Ctnunsd Jo poyjeyty Jonsh ay sav ponsy SESTPESE Sry tE east en it APT ‘a “dl v TeeTe Set eRetr ance geet } H mt : Pols eure peoted -uoy ay (6 pooal niw2f 2u0 ~ BR FR eee... olf (ter it Annes cass aiddy Jeo d- UON 742 0 Pool SIV4/y CUT PR Lape wa ALIIGMY YOuld %Z ef ¢- Ad SUTA 942 fo 200Yf sively 7/o7 PY Z 7 oo ~~ i ’ frist 4h) Ss SSE} SSS \ \\, Scarlet Strawb y? Oe Le Olofpiom Aft. 1 \\ L727, | \\ \ . \\ \ a \ jp. Haut-boy Strawberry S PYfte ine, 1,07 27. WM co \ \\ Seater i | Str awbe rry, fre Rayer to. - 4/47» _ Wood|| Strawberry . = Lite to f 17 27, , Uys Uh if - fF Bec aan White Holland or Dutch _ (7h Gooselerry rYfte Lune2o, aa frst Amber Gooltberry ce ‘ ‘” rfc Fit {20 figs=, Yo AI é XX ———— — SS S SS ~ Se | ——— =< a << SS — : we, j =) i. SS a 5 ' pe eNtnal . = ie a ‘ ‘ ‘ = 3 A eae, i < m7 fi y j " Z se Ce oes 3 x . + a * Wits Awe A —— — y g fags = = eS SS = = =—— 4 me é ‘ ee: y b 8S Wate Dutch 63% NS Currant cy ee, a ae a eee ee Amber Goolzberey 4 L: — pe BA Ke, Me ‘ber Gooleberny fi af ee May trap, oe a ee * er a Sinsehicaiehaee’ . igen ei ae : 1 AR. Be ed vrs I a mae : eee * Mie cetincad: ge oe cat oy aS 3 i FPlate LVIL . ET ee SE eS Pes) ae Oe OM The LS” ea aH Lhe Hy) 4 WY / Mh | Ni ( ul Ih py) My j a } CA hy HT Day Ph /}} j ARON) Ye “HS Ay 7] TUM I 1 ey Ue) |! Y fl yh, i Mie if Wey White Philbert. Suly 25 mt7 27. S * ‘% Wy Black Mulberry Sely LO 2727, 97° foo seKatkins, and b hi allin SR f ‘ ei ens Ri! A oe a ae Sh 4 Le KD +5 KE ens hE << = —_ a = EE =: = ea Ee ——_ ‘The Katkins,orfalfe Gers \\ : 4727: oe at ¥ — ™ “a r Sa —=S==S=. 4, — ~ 4 SSN ‘ SS > » ———— — — ——s ss Z ————— —= —S = SEE q at a nee E_ 4rench Wallaut - 72 - Aes Sy . i \ S 3 WHE 5 \ SS.) aay ‘A Sn 2 sq Ve! P ‘ 3 ys — ‘i ] | f| = Zr ! x is AZ | a 7 Se) . \ : P Ses ‘ " ag 1" 3 ce, | - . : ? pl w\ * . / re i Tis. bi * EEEE®”—axus—sx wi ig nil PUTNEY CORR REELS EEL HANVUNISIIA A i WC iN Hi i) l {} | 4, 238) } ——— —— Vi f i i CCGA : Pt ——— a — = SSS ——— = i \ \\ NU i Bes “om } i) ———— ——— + t u a —— <— i i\ \ t fi i — Lay, i NH Ve | Th Se a | it HTD | —> ——_j-——— ————— Soe Uy Yj h 7, Uf Hf} i) = Sy LY) Yi} Nl a or ——— a YK \ es SSS f= “Vi, HH} j\ ‘ = ee iif Y/ /} if ———___——_ —————— f Yi} Hy, ‘ : ————— YL y Y, Vf i/ / ] ff / TT ANY | | I I | HHH TH HII | | . Y{ H | Hil i ' ih i i WA S| ————> ——J ii Wl Wt i ji 1} hd Ye aera al y yy Wis, rem a YY ees SS YIM ———————— Wy Vii 4 So se — eee : ————— ———————— ae F — 5 F — SS p —SS F ———— ————— << t) _— ——— ——— -—— ———— — nd —— 9 ——— 4 | I : | iy Small Engli{n | : Wall ee ) ; : x = =—— = —————— — =. ) Large English ee | Ku BF) QQ2emve Fine Walnut | is ot TT ARR Pee, RY | VAI © i Entre Sept. 4 TBD 7 27- Tay “ ag _ Nd ' Uj Y ] 1) 7 " Ip if j Yo U 2 Oe a es Jargonel Lily 40.47 at . Y Yip % Luly i747 27 R Que en : ify R eS é 7 Ve FE) y/ Yf f Y Y » j Fig. \ I. Cathe rine San, 7; 1 Green ; A f eh a LA f if \" \ \\ \ i\ : ce AS \ \ \ he \ G StSeas St Michael Ag 8. Neftwall i ‘ LA My, VAM co Yf q Bowles Scuy. SSS Se Rene . se > ugar Vert , tape Sept 10 YZ 47277. Second Crop fees © PP S-Oct 15797 py i: q : : : si Wik foe Ui se Sed, so . = Ss) a ihe Fee. a hy < SNS Firft Crop | kpe June.12 SS _ ~ SS SN =>, Oe . SE ENN RSS SS SS Se Strip’d : Vert longue a XN , Ripe Sept, 10 1727) HANA tye AA ii Ne Se -— pane ne Nay. ies \ NS SS \ . ia UY) Wd Wi ~ iff f = ‘a, Se —_ SS —s if i Ls == — £ ee —S : = = x * i f vs, thy wee gee OS . Ly} = SS rh aS SS \y Fg...” Meffire Jean SP. 10. £7. 4/- SAAS SRA SSS a ——— x" iY “NS Se io a s S ‘ .) rN ‘\ \ \\) a 5 oa CAN wt) Sy SUPER oe nae La Ge | ’ arate oh ; : fe sate ae, ‘ . oe | g re . * ‘ “as gat, LAR : , hes ‘ . ‘ & a Galeees i ree -% Ly HYP, enenen. | | : th Sota es | 3 ey ee | | ; : : oe. - i mae ¥ 9 S wih : me y w . aN Ae sat rh % aNN wy A SN * wy tet Se eas RUSS SRS = wt . i ai < wy AA ~ oe ) aN ‘ AY SANSA . ae os: ww AY) SAAS SAS Noes A YY Gus “ty it? fy PELLETS j i ; oh YW Ye ff My oN \ ~~ Wt Ake Sek a = * + x ‘) 4s * x aN \ ae, x A \ \ ve stk ANS SA eat x ‘ AA Wa a rh) Ay y AN ‘\ ‘) x) ALyL N\ ‘ a Ay . Leet \ ‘a YY ry \) +. \i . at ‘sg ie % yi Rao x! OAS . \ + WY SA . SS ‘ (7 2.2. igs Sige it i «4 { 4 “gas Bib | uy : ‘tee } 2 i ag . ‘it * +, ‘ oh =. ne ed, en oth \ ut i iy Ct ial \\ } \j i} : = SSS Vy « —s = ii | Mi } * SSRs SSO SS SR) —= ~ SSS SS = LSS a = —— ¥ SSS oe Ie? Ss = Sees SSeS ss are a Fold ore = =~ SSS Soo —_ sc ie SSS = —— ar sa oa ae aie ae ooo SSS ~~ saa, > ee — = eos tos pes ~ ~ SSRN SSS SSS SS ~ SS Se Sooop eee SOO Hate SSS SS SRS SRS see « ‘ es ~- oes aT a af Sage. ~~ SSS . 4 ‘ eey0f Ae ED ates Ot hs ae , as, —— XK) X ‘hy Sood CAS. iJ if} Wy) OY NOOK IA AX Key x \ " < Ay) Y KYO oi irainanon ( Ut v AXXKERA ONL A YO : Oi) LO RIX LX RR Man ISSAAKAX AYR) ies Via Regt ey A OYA Y xX i XK, RANI } XY pte iy x) Worn x ‘ YX x's x x 0 i ip} LY ae Linh dy <—— — aoe —— — — ———— a SS pi aix 7, Se. te ae ig se ———- aa See eee 2 ees ———— Miah Hii, Wy: SE SS ree LG LEY. Naeat as Se oe sme ha XS | a ~ sae TST ay bart Lap APT STA ‘18 eae ‘ie A ia f tea ose iY aC 7 ~ 7 SS BH: SS AT ES NN ein * iS Ae tts + a zee R ee SS SSS RSS Avaueeeaeee eee eee SS at — — SSeS Se ss = = Summer Bon - cretein lug Zt a7 South Cadl Hall . Dy >, er A Lienesecee PLLI — SSS — —S bs ss SPOR LEER, = = SS S== —— ——LSSEaSS- SSS eS —> —— — ————— ———— =—> ——S> oh *. tH at ; tetas SS ne ——— Sart ana Bie BEL py: ze ae rZ manly LILA SY naar e eee: be TL “ it; Dares. SGP¢t.20.1727. 2 7 Vig PS ae, ea OAS : ne a D ———— a wage ter SE TTTE a ee IF dat AFI on nee s AES Lt Foieiioe PLT ad, ve0 ee eZ Ogee +N \ RTE SS SIL eae PELE PLE LE? ALLTEL E EE? LP LF LOE PL PAT TA XY \ fee, ifn, Fy 7; fa enetivue 43 % NI + oh ac roars Seisen ——— 5 Shes ee 7 eeu ee niu : Portugal pear quince Nin Bloftom har Appel 1727 FN. . S* Germaine . White }Monfeur Jean. Sept. 40.Dwarf, dct.10. South wall. =—-— ~ f | . ». : &, > BeziderySept 20 Fig: MH. . re ri br At il = — — SSS ——— = > — == = ——~—— —— ae th el cg * < < Plate LXVIL. : Tn, & fi. Wi: My : ii ‘ ly 5 Mi i ) i yy y yy l Ht “, Uh ZA “ My, Royal d'hyver East wall > SS >= —> == — = Le a Winter a i fi ip HL aif | ff by Mh Vf, I My \\ ‘ \\\\ \ \\ SNS A S panifh B on- cretien Golden. q B on = cr etien 4 i : Z F | . SE Wall 2 oDeg: : | Sepeso. (\ \\\ AK We \ XY WY AY Ay Bye eae hind Danie. Een by bi Soa . LZ 2 EA ges Le fey \ aA eee ererne geet (ess, lod os 7 te %. 'e 7 een » o sy eet Se ROS % sy SoAIOON WSS Se K \ \ \ \ "4 ‘ PE IRS ao Oa orca z = i wit ‘AN a SS —S i Ni ul J ) Xt BRR ‘ OC OORS RSS ESR . “ SOx) ets SOK IRIN REARS ORO S we) AN oa petseatte x) ‘ U : \ \\ Ns \ U S Te Sees OR etsy s ., oe, Sa , RSS é ROO Mad AK i * 0 ‘9, My ARES x Cay ‘ental Banetnny, CY OYA ath ‘ “shy or iO “ +585 wanes : . a SSeS \ \ \ ‘ \\ SAS S - SS ESS SS SSS Se =a \ \ <5 atte’ Set coe tree’ D2 S> s ; essce- pss = ates ay oT. S Se SOSSSOS tw = -- See Ses Se = Pe SSeS SaaS SS he ee =<, Fn ne a >t eee Sees pe mae Soe Ses SSS SO an ~~ S, = SOS f { | race: so a i S250 austere = ( | HW ‘ Rozate Luly 20 ae ae hi o 4 | fl Wy a feo i \ \ Ni iy vi \ Wey \ Nt ny Q V4 ii \ ‘ | vi i\ iM \} i U i i> Peete 1 * sf walle ATH Summer Bon- ;cretiien ak ad ett SALAS ‘ SSR ks Ss * SAR So id ones AG FLEE ILUYS, i, iii gS a ii PM - 4 4 | VY FATS ae RS = Sco SSR SA SES ASS LSS ie gues on AAT eet, att Y) iss —= ye ten) Se . eS Shs San .. A aS Oe) AAR RO? \} ~~ * Sort Tete See Seek ss SS = Na “ie VAS ahs AS. ec AS x were BON it, oH << i a =: = as a 3 — aa = i esraia f= m8 La Chalserie f 77,1. : LEER», / Yi AN Soe - =—— a : ——— ——————— SS —— SSS ——— ct Ss = —= SS === == —— _— ———— ts oe Wy, Lg SS : '\ \\ le Wf) | 1), | My (a, hy if We Wi) 4 “aus » aN , WS: . \ We Pi kering~Pear XY | v9 or D" Udale s Hawen \ Fig. 1. ALUN SSSI LAN ot : Sites SOA os WorreK SS CESS SSS SSCS SERS SSS Soe ~ SSS SSeS ee Sos SS SS SOAS Sek Sr. Sy & s SSR ANG : & NS Y Y AN OF : \ e boos 25 ss < SSos 7 S55 S23 a OSES RE AX AN oak aN So OSSOSS ‘o. sS —< = SS Sek < Ss LH sant \ as We N ¥ * SN yea’ xs oe Posed 4 bs ee = SS oS Soo De SRS — oo SSSA SS. = ae SSS Se a << ‘ ee SS SS y Na yehe wi cee. A) its ee ae ene zken STUN LARA Asa NT hae NN N eo vat Valens Sew, ae « atk st etek Nh iy th NTT TENA + 4 ee nn eae cea a. oe gitar enero - TLL LAGY Wt, ] Th ME i, Ve Y F yy <2 UY, tN plug: ( Dacian Maier Maite pag pine UM rif MES figs ly te. Age, Cs 5 eee Sa < ean rt eee = — SER: = Nis Cadillac Fig A.“ Ses = =~ ; ae is - co aaa ; 4 : if Hh Wy if f Hi f, ij y IM ; 7 ve i : | 20 Ds Ae) Reece i sis te i Woy " j ths 4 mee . ie odes j y ; em oreo . Lee ane eg ure fi a es w Z : 4 . j SITES ,. a ", f ] itnredhan su semtias oageieete i) ' seeceaw i. f PA Tis j y PASM PEUMEE OM ng wes! Z LY s j Y i) - | iit Z at i} i eee og! ELA / A }) 4 j ee - Y i } : Ss: Andvew , i, i} , f Fig TL ; “1 ; Zh wn a 4h a, ei es of a iy teieeass HH secenstag tate Hi) | LOTTA Wi PERE | 4 Hf A * == jl me Mf Mh | : — ——— — — ——S —— = =S= — = LOE A aie aww e ra ¢. Maleat almaine } Fig VN. } Mt y : in ef y fe . H Mp | il ; WH HT : Hii # | ape Seplio.r7 9g Cafewall ye | oS Bt cece, | BeLeangtey, Dili cen Rei es ee a @ : : St BW AAT . SSS : : y : SSN S ‘ LEE SRE SEES ARETE . ‘ . Y : SSSR : é : : oS > SSS 8 S LESS : : SEV ~ 4 we Seas ee Se ~ . x ? wy aS . Coe ard == SS = . . ; ‘ * = AANA . \ =< ‘ saul ‘ ‘ . . — AAAS . ‘ Ak x N i ay AN Se) SSS ; NS R SEAN \ SSS NS SSO : ) ALAA ALAA NSN. AN . ~ , eee ee SOR ANAS ‘ ' ; NY Xs ANS SS . ; A a. SSS RIAN . RR § "7 he . LTA) S * : aN UNSER IN : SSS SSE SY : WY \ g . SE \' ; s SS SS i SNS . wa \) eB) ‘ wy * : ae att ‘Y & ss A} ~ 4 * YL ‘ SY jon Sy SS : . \ * \ S) «4 ayy Paeaeh ; ¥ SAS 4 AA : : \ANAANAYAY vit i aa a2 oer a | | if 7 i ) Yy Wy ' : / Y fj ee Ss a a —- a eee we ———— = So = S ~ ~ Ae, Z Eiae _ nese. SE Lo ow, —— ———_ ————— —— — ——_ oe => — af psstth Se Ses —s —F —————F = Se a “ai yy ye! \ ‘ \ \ ys y) Ss - ———— —S— ———— \ \ \ RRS \ \ a ee —— memes a ——— = \\ eee owns ao gin: 253 My ozo ——— os ———— h \\ \y » Medlar == = & 2 eS = —— ss ee aa —<—— =—- ——— eee om —— ———s / / fl AME: ht: Hit > re, Stas: ) ; : WAI ARK) : AY y A, WOON Rt Ky 444) RY) PSS oS OTe Soecess toe SS SI SS Se os aos Le, tere. SSS SoS SS SSoS< To eee SSS SSS Se. ‘' } \ is 44 ) yy iH) : i) uy V W XARA) ‘ ; Aw ‘ VAXY iy KX a ¢ f hy = SS es = IAL) M4 AUN VA ih Hit Ht iit Hy) —s <= , WY f PAP f ! i, Wee ) =. OV Aa MUR BA OY | / BK A OM A , A -. “=, —. 0 i) x) 4 \) Mi 0 Val ' an eg: eos regret! ane. LAN oh ag Ss EN LORS RAN AS hy CO BAe SUA ANY ANS ? SRNR ON RRR Ah AN AN WN : W\) ANS \ ; sh) ‘ Sap a Lis cs NAN “ONY WS is ws < NY \\ fe Me Seow wed eee Swear Pe EA ra miata. Pre wae - et a oa mw aie a te ee OOS as fea ew me ed LRT digs awa re . 2%, ‘ Kirton Pippin . Zz. 30. ANE ihe ¢ gueateigs se o2 rod awn hae = a =. >3 2 = pe possces bez Sarees = eas Sees Ae cesses ss pp AN \ \\ \' \ {) NY ; eet erafi 4 ‘\ Wy << a = | P23 <5 \ , SER SN 22) = <5 * pyle” ~S>< ; HDG An JAG ah iti A STN < : mM ~ SSS WANS Vs x ~ WN ARNT TN a ' ‘t ‘ WAM THES ee An BS SS | Wem ees ogee, 4 eS: a a ag al aw ah ne be gee err ons titeree ies ==" === = — \\ a , ' SS : = — SS SS eee Za WSs Corpendue Rennet Z Q | f I, Los YY | / y ee peo A ae \ Wer arwrithess ods fi HE ae Ban oe ae a ee Sat hw eae Sty N ‘ ahh aN V AYSSS) = AXA SENN WN RAMAN é AY \ SN YY UY Y gt ght, A 4 yy itt 4, 17h, he Shh Yi ie CHIT Aight fs Yi Sf, / Y, TT te tH fog hey. SALAH carn aie ti 4. PS HT] oY Py ae tH Ht fof, tH A err a ae ae Of] 2 oe, H seg te aH Ly « a4, Sense Lf} IPL ELL IAP Pa GRE ey eesig lt - CLA! Fy) 0 ee aw an: WS Dp Pe . A ~~ soe a aX : - aa SO ee on AE oa RE LALLY PAA ae oa an wa oo ‘= er -——— — 3 SS = —— \ anew ewan Mie SN) int \\ maa LEAP EBL POP LL ee era salam magn eee ——— OPTI ge ME, CR end LE PLL PL a: ‘ae ae we Sekt \ er th OES ITD ms wrens, %: fae wn mie Lg 6 HB De 7 ft “x = AYA WAS sin hh . ANY CY WY AS S WARK ARAS AAA * ANAS WAAAY ‘ s} NAYS AN ‘ SAN a ‘ a ae ae 5" aes Sl eseesae hea SOS S ie PIP ig Sos at rem = ewan as Wetesess ea, nea ee =< a \S lerufalem Apple ww ar Mit ae our. ~ ame eee we ee Sms =n ——S y, LD atit oe Tema Sem os ae rw ge ae : oe ALS, —— sa > * ey . gw — — Z = = SSS > nd ——— 3 Owen ge ee Ae awed te Ceri oom aes ate. aes eas anal Phe? LER E, ae en Uy if +) ® RY NY SAY SAAN cata & ‘ i) \k hn moe -, PIES SAA phat, af, Me mS) wr VAs } % SEALs Ditty FFT) 22 f ¢ Pippin. 7. IL. IS wv g ZH F Bei) ALE 4, HEE feG4 sae: Hh Lee AS nt: Se We Se A y eS . = PO + rae ~ WSS .: ateeeye ARRAS, Y Wena okey re KEY Brerenns mene et: AN RLVee LA a Bas AN RRRUANWANY SY gl tegen if Velie HH SERN INGER BORE ES ; ig 2 2 Serta hs SStopeec ite OSs 4, Hi 4, 4) “ TTT 19), TP diy Z bit HAA aA LA DUALLY Spieeeiteied y ] fire f a Looe + | SASS BN Meee beset Soeeeee SS Hd PS | Hits, 2 Wy) Hy Ms WE! VALLES MELT, Rte Hy] “i f U i SSS oo 4hgh Ae SS = SS el SARA We Hy ii AW iy r) ff ‘3 Yi Lf , Nh , y Hite LEE UST HH J of O Hy f Ss s HD AAA SS = Seas LSS.5 5 = ~ ~ hs ~ BINT a: Scoes SSoSes aS ~ a ate ig 0 tig a mae a oe, ‘2 if PTT a Pe PL bee nat a ee = “e SatSy Wa WAY ee ie Ba == esc toe eeaeee, LPT aN ta: ANY \ x SLAY * Se \ \ \ At SAY . AAANY ARN ‘' \. x LY Ws AAV AS at ASA A VAARMAARATR SA RRR A AAA VARY “ ah AUVRABARASES VRS ht NAAR NYY SERRE \\ NAAR * Sa & \ + ~~ 4 PH . PN RUNS NTS wh S \ SA it Ths ‘ SS ih PN t SENERUTRRSURRERRY STRARNERE PAMANE SSS = ‘ halt aut ASN PSs . wth “ SUS +t = i. SS SE SS if? Les -, eZ ee en eee, SS WY i *: oa mI LTT, oma! .} hh th a ae. fia ae ue Ci a Lif LIA a # a a aa et Ser temee ed ry tan e + it S ‘ &, tae N NS MN SS Ss NY : Lite edged LIVI SSF PT Le , F ne. Sm, aes eH e, a LIFE S s, y Ny . Lind dit LOD ES, gene iat. Sea - Pickerings >.Pearmain — i> i} Hy Hp th Wh Hy HA PRY % a 1) My AAR) Wik WAY 4 Y : ‘ Sh Sa ARN Ses SSS f = SSS oo35 AY AVY WANA AMSA x -, on = Ste rl en ~ SSeS ee NSS ee er TB) eons atten xr \ AANA t) A ti Cosme ere ert Lh Samara cae: SSoes! Ss SSS Reo Seno SSeS =) Dp fy) hy iy, Wy hi OAL Wi iiy ae 4 fe, S = —- = y y é = Se SSS —— Z f 0 J, Se lh et 22 *e Seep ae SSeS —— : NaN ' ‘ yiht t ‘ i pers eo rae SAP Saree er <3 ' 4 Alte at ‘ it iy NTN + Geist NN Hy, wit ~ penesiié Hitt Sos ots = Ses ees 22S Dos oes soe SSS oS ee 0 = ' ett : te LiL BAW) ¥ i a au ‘net ‘ ¢ * 4 i, / i ‘ #4 i» ye sired! 24 ae ‘ it 4 i) oe. fi hf 5¥ GHUVY) ee f ally Dy / ee sii \ LYST Y bo6 \) UME AY Wf Yj N Sot a ogee Cato eit \ . \ \\ \\ » ap: wif I 1g, Super. > Ceeleftial f <4); t) VAG ee SSS SS —————— ——— AQ Non Pariel . 77g IIL.” : aii : SERA. Nit, A Ai hh | \\" \ i\ N i yt \ Golden Pippin 747.V. * - Kentith Pip LigNy ell.