' Vi 2/3 ot American Sern Fournal A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO FERNS Published by the AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY se EDITORS R. C. BENEDICT E. J. WINSLOW C. A. WEATHERBY VOLUME XXI— 25 ios i os se APR 5 1935 ee ante + Bn ‘ arr = CONTENTS VotuME 21, NuMBER 1, Paces 1-48, IssuzD Aprit 6, 1931 Notes on a New Jersey Fern Garden, I. .............-«. We H. Dole: 4 A List of Tennessee Ferns (continued).....W. A. Agile as 11 Botrychium dissectum from Minnesota ................. . Graves 21 Recent Fern Literature Shorter Not 25 American ex Society 2 29 Fern Books to Lend R. C. Benedict 34 VoLuME 21, NuMBER 2, Paces 49-80, IssuED JuNE 20, 1931 Notes on Xerophytic Ferns F. L. Pickett 49 Notes on a New Jersey Fern Garden, IT. ................... W.H. Dole 57 A List of Tennessee Ferns pele ao LW. A. cae Jr. 64 A Glimpse at Iceland G. Rugg 71 Recent Fern ae 74 Shorter Notes 75 American Fern Society pes VoLuME 21, NuMBER 3, Paces 81-116, Issurep Ava. 24, 1931 Some Pteridophytes of North Carolina. ............. H. L. Blomquist 81 Studies of Equisetum in European Herbaria.J. H. Scales 90 Notes on a New Jersey Fern Garden, IIT. ..... 103 Fern Notes from Southern California. .........000.....0. a Haley Poss 106 Recent Fern Literature 109 Shorter Notes 111 American Fern Society be 114 VoLUME 21, NuMBER 4, Paces 117-152, Issurp Dec. 2, 1931 1930 Washington Fern Notes J. W. Thompson 117 Botrychiums of the Central States E. W. Graves 125 Tropical American Isoetes T. C. Palmer 132 New Tropical American Ferns W. Rk, Maxon 136 Recent Fern Literature 139 Second Station for eplees. montanum in Massachusetts. S. W. Bailey 140 American Fern Society 144 Index to Volume 21 : as 149 Vol. 21 January-March, 1931 Nowe. American Sern Journal A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO FERNS Published by the AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY iH EDITORS R. C. BENEDICT E. J. WINSLOW Cc, A. WEATHERBY oe CONTENTS Notes on a New shai Fern Garden.......... W. H. Dore 1 A List of T s(continued).W. A. AnpERson, JR. 11 Botrychium diiectite ani Minnesota...... EL W. Graves 21 Recent Ferm Diterature. ce i eG ea eS 24 2 gle! Notes. An Island Variety of her era penin- s. Fireworks froma‘Fern’’. What Ferns may eet lacs 25 American Fern Séciety Fe Preah: 29 Fern Books to Lend ae. ©. eek Thi ikea AS eo Fg es + mr r — bl i 2 fi ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION, $1.25; FOREIGN, $1.35 ” APR 1g: LIME & GREEN STS., LANCASTER, RA. U ALE, MASS. nats era aes She port tet haat er rate of rovided for in section 191 vutheaised on baie & ae. 8, 1918, ction 1103, Act . 7 Che American Hern Soriety Gounril for 1931 OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR Witttam R, Maxon, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., P ent Mrs. Cartorta C. Haun, Stanford University, Calif....Vice- i a a C. 8S. Lewis, Trinity Rectory, Plattsburg, N. Y.......... Secretary J. G. UNDERWOOD, Hartland, Vt. a OFFICIAL ORGAN American ane Journal TORS RatpH C. BENEDICT... a Dorchester spas Eropktes, ja > 4 E. J. Winstow rndale, C. A. WEA ee eae aaa: An illustrated quarterly devoted to the general study of ferns. a _ 25 per year, foreign, 10 cents extra; sent free embers of AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY (annual dues, 1. 50; life Geutennie $25.00). Extracted reprints, if ordered in advan ance, will be furnished authors at cost. They should be ordered when proof is returned, Volume I, six numbers, $2.00; other tagcat $1.25 each. Single back oygercge 35 cents each. Vol. I, n vol. IIT, nos, 2, 3, and 4; and no. 1 cannot be eek oak "with complete volumes, Ten cent, dise orders of six volumes or more. Matter for publication should be addressed to BR. C. Benedict at ' 1819 Dorehester Road, or Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 1000 Wash- ington Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. Orders for back numbers should be sent to the Secretary of the Brooklyn Botanie Garden, Brooklyn, N. Y. er business com- munications should be addressed to E, J. Wrystow, Auburndale, ount to members and institutions on CURATOR OF THE HERBARIUM L, 8, Hopxins Culver-Stockton College, Canton, Mo, A regular loan department is maintained in connection with the Society herbarium. Members ma: many bottow specioens from it at American Fern Journal Vol. 21 _ JANUARY-MARCH, 1931 Nov I Notes on a New Jersey Fern Garden—I. W. Hersert DoLe The fern garden, a portion of which is shown in the accompanying illustration, is located in West Orange on the eastern slope of First Orange Mountain. The garden was of slow development arid became a fern garden largely because of changing conditions. A new house built close to the south lot line and the growth of trees set out some years earlier made it neces- sary to find plants suitable for a shady location. The natural slope was accentuated by removing the soil for a depth of from two to four feet from the central portion of the plot to give a sunken garden effect, with banks on three sides and the middle part sloping gradu- ally toward the east. The fern garden is on the shady south side facing north, while the other two sides facing east and south are being developed as a rock garden. The central por- tion has been seeded as a lawn, but it is planned ulti- mately to inelude a small irregular pool for water plants and additional flower beds. The illustration shows the southwest angle where rock and fern gardens meet and a path of flat stones. Rustic steps lead up at the right and turn to the left around [Volume 20, No. 4 of the JourNAL, pages 129-164, plates 7-9, was issued Jan. 6, 1931 1 VOLUME 21, PLATE 1 . * > Mi ». a : ot ee ee D> oak bine, = Te * Rei a . ‘+ Notes oN A FERN GARDEN 2 the flowering cherry tree, of which only the dark trunk and branches are visible in the photograph. Along the lot line at the back, a cleft chestnut fence makes an attractive back-ground for the ferns and helps to conceal the lower portions of the neighboring house. In fact the house is almost non-existent as far as the garden is concerned, as the cherry tree, a white pine, mountain ash and other trees and shrubs almost com- pletely screen it and give the effect of a bit of woodland. A large flat pene marks the entrance to the path ae the ‘‘ woods.’ On the right is a royal fern (Osmunda regalis) ; this was found six or seven years ago, an old and stunted little fern growing in the middle of a dry field—prob- ably a survival of a departed wooded tract. It was moved to its present position, which it found to its liking, and each year it grows larger and taller until it has be- come a fine specimen with fronds three feet six inches, or more, in height. A number of royal fern sporelings have come up near by which will have to be moved be- fore they grow so large that they will crowd their neighbors. At the center and to the left of Osmunda regalis is a marsh fern clump (Dryopteris Thelypteris) which has to be watched lest it get out of bounds. It is an at- tractive fern when kept as a specimen, but its numerous sporelings must be weeded out, as together with the sporelings of lady fern (Athyrium angustum) and of bladder fern (Cystopteris bulbifera) they would soon take possession of all available space. Generally these young ferns are permitted to grow where they come up, for a year or two as, while small, they make beautiful little rock ferns. Other ferns along the path are fragile bladder (Cystop- teris fragilis), rusty woodsia (Woodsia ilvensis), Christ- 4 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL mas fern (Polystichum acrostichoides), and ebony spleen- wort (Asplenium platyneuron). Around the trunk of the cherry tree is a thriving eolony of Dryopteris spinulosa and Dryopteris inter- media. These also sow themselves freely; spinulosa especially has appeared here and there among the other ferns. In the distance against the fenee may be seen a tall Silvery Spleenwort (Athyrium acrostichoides) in com- pany with marginal shield fern (Dryopteris marginalis), lady fern (Athyrium angustum), New York fern ( Dryop- teris noveboracensis) and others. The stones are local field stones found on the place or dug up in the process of grading. They were not ideal material for the purpose, being mostly too round, but were used, as they were at hand, and have been arranged to give as nearly as possible the appearance of a natural outcropping. To begin with there was nothing but the red clay soil so typical of northern New Jersey, but gradually this was removed to a depth of eight inches to a foot and as stones were set in place new soil was put in consisting of varying mixtures of black wood-mold, loam, peat-moss, sand and gravel. In moving ferns it is found a good plan to observe the conditions under which they grow—exposure, soil, drain- age, ete—and to try to reproduce as nearly as possible the same conditions in the garden. Of the forty odd ferns so far tried, all have done well except some of the Botrychiums. The latter have con- tinued to grow over a period of several years, but have up to date produced only undersized sterile fronds. Further experimenting will no doubt solve the problem of their requirements. Besides the varying shades of green displayed by the ferns, this corner of the garden is brilliant with other Notes ON A FERN GARDEN 5. colors, especially in the spring when the double flowering cherry is loaded with its clusters of rose-like flowers. Above the large stone at the center is a group of white trillium (wake-robin) and the pink flowers of Daphne cneorum and in the shadow to the left are fine clumps of hepaticas—pink and blue. Above to the left is a dwarf magnolia with large white blossoms that lighten up the garden for several weeks in the early spring. Seattered about on the miniature cliffs are early saxi- frages, mossy saxifrages in pink and white, wintergreen, partridge berries and other wood flowers. Yellow lady slippers (Cypripedium pubescens) seem well naturalized and have blossomed for a number of years. At the upper right a group of Azalea mollis adds bril- lianey in the late spring with a glowing mass of orange, yellow and salmon pink flowers and just below are clus- tered spikes of coral bells (Heuchera sanguinea). At the foot of the rocks, below and in front of the ferns are groups of shade-loving dwarf irises—cristata in two shades of lavender and the white variety, cristata alba, minuta with yellow flowers and gracilipes with in- numerable dainty flowers of pale lavender which remain in bloom over a long period of four weeks or more. This year Iris verna has been placed among the rocks; it has bloomed in another part of the garden and it is hoped it may be naturalized among the ferns. Late in summer there are pink Anemone hupehensis— some may be seen in the picture against and to the left of the dark trunk of the cherry tree. The stones of the path itself are covered in places with patches of Sedum acre bright with its tiny yellow flowers and in the erev- ices are little yellow violets from western New York. PouypopiumMs When the first stones were being arranged, preliminary to the planting of ferns, it was found that several of the 6 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL larger stones fitted together very snugly making a natu- ral looking ledge with a Jong nearly horizontal fissure; just the place for rock ferns. It seemed to suggest Polypodium virginianum. A few days later a visit was made to a shady traprock hillside where polypody grows in abundanee and after a short search I found just what was wanted, a long row of the ferns growing between layers of rock which, luckily, it was found could be easily separated. With. Blechnum spicant var. fallax Lge. This is the nomenclature which appears in Steffans- son’s ‘‘Flora Islands’’ published in Copenhagen in 1924. At Thingvellir, about thirty miles from Reykjavik (the scene of the first Icelandic Parliament in 900), I hunted for ferns late in the evening. During the latter half of June, and all of July and August there is continuous daylight for the twenty-four hours of the day. Although I was rewarded with many flowering plants, the real heather (Calluna), forget-me-nots, wild thyme, thrift — (Armeria vulgaris) and others, I found only one fern, Cystopteris fragilis (.) Bernh, and only one plant ; of that. My second day, with a party of Appalachians, I | climbed Mt. Esja—2,500 feet in height—a mountain — several miles distant from Reykjavik. Along the auto- mobile highway I looked for ferns, but not a single one — did I see. In many places the ground was covered with | : lava. In fact, one twelfth of the entire island is so cov — ered. I might say here that in the two days I saw 20_ trees of any sort. There are a few groves, so called, of — stunted birches in two or three sections of the island, but that is all. On the grassy slopes near the foot of q Esja I was rewarded with several plants of Botrychium lunaria (L.) Sw. and on the ledges near the top of the mountain a single plant of Cystopteris fragilis (L-) Bernh. Apparently Iceland is not a fern lover’s paradise. d A GLIMPSE OF ICELAND 73 Then on to the North Cape—a huge rocky promontory rising 1,000 feet sheer above the sea. In only one place is ascent possible. Here a tiny rivulet falls down over the rocks. On either side of this is a narrow stretch of vegetation. In other places the rocks are bleak and barren of vegetation for the most part, except lichens. Along the stream or by the path near by I discovered: Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. Athyrium alpestre (Hoppe) Ryl. Dryopteris lonchitis (L.) Ktze. Phegopteris dryopteris (L.) Fée Phegopteris polypodioides Fée With the ferns were dwarf willows, wild geranium, grass of Parnassus, a beautiful light pink dianthus, trollius, bunehberry, Silene acaulis, and buttereups. In other sections of Norway I found an abundance of Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Rth., also Dryopteris filix- mas (L.) Schott, and in the mountains above Bergen, Blechnum spicant (L.) With. growing under evergreen trees. At Innsbruck in the Austrian Tyrol, there was con- tinuous rain so that I could not get up in the mountains for botanizing. At Freiburg in Germany I had the same experience except that one day I did go out in the pour- ing rain on the Feldburg and found magnificent speci- mens of Athyrium alpestre (Hoppe) Ryl., one of the handsomest ferns I have ever seen. Motoring from Oberammergau to Munich I stopped a moment at the Castle of Neuschwanstein. Going up through the woods to the Castle I found Thelypteris Robertiana (Hoffm.) Slosson in abundance, many of the fronds of which were twice as large as our common oak fern. On damp stone walls Asplenium viride Huds. was common. Hanover, N. H. 74 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Recent Fern Literature China is to be congratulated on the excellence of some of the botanical work that is now being vigorously prosecuted in several local institutions, for modern — botanical work in China, as to Chinese institutions, dates back only about ten years. This recently issued volume on Chinese ferns’ is an excellent example of modern Chinese printing as to format, typography, presentation of data, and illustrations. It was issued under the joint — auspices of the Metropolitan Museum of Natural His- tory, Nanking, and the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, Peiping. It is large quarto in size, and contains — the deseriptions in both English and Chinese, with very — excellent plates, of 51 species of Chinese ferns. Most of these have not previously been illustrated, and some of them were actually described for the first time im 1929. The figures cover macroscopic and some micro- scopic characters, and are unusually good. This volume, dedicated to Dr. Carl Christensen, should be in every fern lover’s library, and is almost indispensible to those — interested in the identification of Chinese ferns.—E. D. Merritu, New York Botanical Garden. ‘History of the Ferns of Chile’’ (Historia de los Helechos chilenos). Revista Universitaria, Vol. 15, Oc tober, 1930. By Gualterio Looser. In 1906, the writer of this review began technical fern _ study with a reference to the work of a Spanish botanist, a Cavanilles, and specifically to his description of the trop- — ical fern genus Antrophyum. The present paper con- tains a review of the literature dealing with the ferns of Chile including both loeal writers, such as R. A. and 1 Hu, H. H., and Ching, R. C. Icones filicum siniearum. Fase. 1: 1-102. Pl 1-50. 1930. RECENT FERN LITERATURE 7d Frederico Philippi, Reiche, ete.—and various Euro- peans, including Skottsberg, Presl, Bertero, and others. The brief lists of ferns included in this review are familiar for most of their genera, but naturally not for the species, only the omnipresent Cystopteris fragilis being represented. In a footnote, reference is made to a Fern Journat article, ‘‘The Ferns of Central Chile,”’ published in the second number of 1930. Insurious Fungus Parasite of EquiseTuM.—During the past year a fungus disease of Equisetum praealtum Raf. has become very severe around Columbus, Ohio. The fungus is one of the Discomycetae, Stamnaria amert- cana Massee & Morgan. This species was originally de- Seribed from Preston, Ohio. It differs from the Euro- pean Stamnaria equiseti in having much larger asei and Spores. It forms large patches more especially on the lower internodes and these spread until the stem is so much injured that the shoot dies. The little cups break out in more or less longitudinal rows and when fresh have a yellowish orange color, giving very much the ap- pearance of an ordinary rust. The cups are too small to be distinguished by the naked eye. Some parts of a large patch of Equisetum near Columbus have nearly every stalk infected, with a large percentage of them dead—Joun H. Scuarrner, Columbus, Ohio. TricHomanes Perersit A. Gray IN TENNESSEE.—On Saturday and Sunday, April 11 and 12, 1931, the Smoky Mountains Hiking Club of Knoxville made a trip to Thunderhead Mountain in the Great Smokies via Townsend and Tremont, Tennessee. Making bbs Proved to be a fortunate decision, Dr. H. M. Jennison, Mr. Harlow Bishop and the writer started some hours 76 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL in advance of the Club group in order to make some botanical collections. While searching for mosses in the moist ravines along the middle prong of the Little River above Townsend, the writer found on the faces of sand- stone boulders and ledges overhanging a small brook, a growth which at first appeared to be a thin thalloid liverwort. Closer examination of the plants with a hand-lens revealed fronds with veins and terminal sori. A short pause for searching the memory was followed by whoops of joy, when the plants were recognized as the rare Trichomanes Petersiti A. Gray. Comparison of the collection with material from Alabama on file in the herbarium of the University of Tennessee confirmed the determination. This fern may now be recorded from near Tremont, Blount County, Tennessee, which is the seventh known station’ for the United States. We are happy to report that the new station is within the bounds of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park and under the supervision and control of the National Parks Ser- vice.—AARON J. SHarp, University of Tennessee, Knox- ville, Tennessee. Fern lovers may be interested to know that two fine specimens of Holly Fern (Cyrtomium falcatum) are growing in an old well at Cromwell, Connecticut. The spores must have blown in there from a plant a short distance away. They have survived two winters and at present writing (April, 1931) are in fine condition.— FLORENCE C. HuspBarp, Cromwell, Conn. 1Graves, E. W. The Fern Flora of Alabama. American Fern Journal 10: 65-82. 1920. AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY 77 American Fern Society Report of the President for 1930 Aside from the general excellence of the Journat for 1930, to which as usual we are indebted mainly to the enterprise of our Editors, the Society is to be congratu- lated on its decided progress in library matters. Mem- bers are referred particularly to Dr. Benedict’s 15-page article entitled, ‘‘Fern Books to Lend,’’ in the first num- ber of the Journa for 1931, which presents a list of titles of fern books and pamphlets belonging to the Fern Society, a list of similar publications belonging to the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, the text of the agreement be- tween the Society and the Garden relating to ‘‘deposits and loans,’’ and an explanation of the method and terms under which these publications may be lent for the bene- fit of the Society’s members. This plan, which had been considered informally for some time previously, was mentioned briefly in my report for 1928 as having been authorized by the Council. The agreement was signed April 21, 1930, and actually became effective last Sep- tember, on the receipt of the Society’s publications by the Librarian of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden. The arrangement thus made bids fair to be a great success. Certainly it is capable of much benefit to the members. Its usefulness will, of course, be greatly increased with the growth of the Library, and to this end the Council 1s allotting extra funds for the purchase of Eaton’s “Ferns of North Ameriea’’ and other standard works. Members can assist very materially also by donating Copies of their own writings, as well as the commoner _ fern books and such miscellaneous papers as they may happen to have in duplicate. With a little consistent effort a fair reference library can thus be built up, as Pointed out very effectively by Dr. Benedict, thr ough Whose personal effort the whole plan has taken form. 78 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL As to the JouRNAL, present plans look to the publica- tion of nearly as many pages in 1931 as in 1930, the high- water mark thus far. The Council is squarely behind the Editors in their effort to extend and otherwise to im- prove the Journal, and urges all members to take ad- vantage of the opportunity of publication there pre- sented. Numerous short articles—the more the better— are just as welcome as ever. Wiuuiam R. Maxon, President Report of the Editors for 1930 The Editors take pride in reporting for 1930. It was the JouRNAL’s twentieth year—a definite milestone; in honor of the anniversary, an effort was made to produce the best volume yet. Letters inviting contributions were sent to promising members, especially foreign ones; a good proportion of them responded generously. As 4 result, we were able to publish 164. pages, by about 25 different authors, from eleven states and five foreign countries, and eleven illustrations. The articles, exclu- sive of those about different parts of North America, related to New Zealand, eastern Asia, Chile, Great Britain and various tropical regions, and included re- visions of two small genera, Onychium and Cyrtomium. Altogether, the volume was, we believe, not only the largest, but the most comprehensive we have yet had. This happy result was due to the cordial cooperation of our contributors; they have our sincerest thanks. A complete survey of the twenty volumes will show a total of more than 2800 pages. If we may judge by the response to sample copies, the FERN JouRNAL is its own best advertisement. A considerable proportion of those to whom sample copies are sent join the Fern Society. Recently some effort has been made to extend — knowledge of the fact that there are a Fern Society and o AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY 79 a JOURNAL by means of exchange advertisements in additional publications. One such, in the educational journal, ‘‘School Science and Mathematies,’’ has already incited a considerable number of requests for samples. If the additional emphasis on the Fern Society Li- brary and the opportunities for borrowing from the larger collection of the Brooklyn Botanie Garden Li- brary may be considered as a phase of editorial work, attention may be drawn to the list of publications avail- able in Vol. 21, no. 1, and to several additional titles which have been added to the Fern Society Library Since that list was published and are recorded elsewhere in this number. The value of this loan arrangement for Fern Society members is obvious. The Editors hope that full use will be made of it and that this use will re- sult in more articles for the JOURNAL. R. C. BENEDICT, E. J. WINSLOW, C. A. WEATHERBY, Editors Dr. Georges Poirault, well-known for his intensive Study on the propagation of ferns, has written that his collection has suffered much damage by unfavorable cli- matic conditions. In order to reconstruct this impor- tant collection he desires to have.spores of any American Species. Members of the society who have or can collect ‘Such spores during the coming season will be doing a Bteat Service to science by sending them to Dr. Georges Poirault, Villa Thuret, Cap d’Antibes, France.—Car- Lorra C. Haut. Dr. Paul Kestner, Chailly Village, Lausanne, Switzer- land, would like to obtain spores of the following species, _ ® addition to those listed in the preceding number of — : the Journal, 80 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Woodsia Cathcartiana Cryptogramma acrostichoides ca oregana ° as ensa& Dryopteris fragrans The following items have been added to the Society library by purchase: Britten, James. European ferns. Clute, W. N. The fern allie Clute, W. N. Our ferns in dink ears North American Flora, vol. 16, pt. 1. Shreve, Forrest. Jamaican ymenophvcee Underwood, L. M. Our native fer Waters, C. E. Ferns. Mr. C. M. Litch has generously presented to the library an additional copy of Britten’s ‘‘European Ferns.’’ The cordial thanks of the Society are extended to him. The Editors wish to thank Dr. Maxon for his gift of © 35 copies of early numbers of the Journal; and Messrs. R. A. Ware and E. H. Clarkson for similar gifts. We are again indebted to Mr. W. H. Dole for defray- ing the cost of the attractive illustrations which accom — pany his article; and again he has our best thanks. New members: rjorie Ruth, 422 Eddy St., Ithaca, N. Y. Ross, Miss Mar Webstee, Mrs. Hollis, 1060 Masathasotts Ave., Lenaetie: Mass. — Changes of address: soar ent, Room 416B Botany, Stanford 7 Cal. Steil, Dr. W. N., 748 North 23rd St., Milwaukee. A Mrs. William, Jr., 12 Marlboro St., Seta Mass. — Wilcox, Miss Alice W., 750 No rth Chester Ave., Pasadena, Cal. sa aR eH ie eel pe a at ao THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB MEMBERSHIP Including Bulletin, Memoirs, and Torreya, $5.00 a year PUBLICATIONS Bulletin. oy, established 1870. Price, $4.00 a beef mage numbers 40 ee Of former volumes, only 24-47 can be sup- plied eae Manuseripts inten set for vabticgiem in the LLETIN should be addressed to cy E. Hazen, Editor, Barnard College, Columbia Satvasetion ines York City. Torreya. Bi-m sh Reais 1901. a borg $1.00 a Manuscripts intended f r publication in Torreya should ae “an ae ed to Gzorce T. apres: Editor, Robbins "Place, Yonkers, Memoirs, Occasional, established 1889. Price, $3.00 a volume. Preliminary Catalogue of Anthophyta and Faded aa es within 100 miles of New York City, 1888, Price, $1. Peta Subscriptions and other business communications should be ad- h eae Bi the Treasurer, Mrs. Helen M. Lag e, Box 42, Schermer- orn , Columbia University, New York Cit BOOKS BY THE FOUNDER OF THE AMERICAN FERN — HOEY American Plant Names. 248 pp. All the common names of eastern American plants—1700 ~ eee the correct technical names. ee a aaa a ete aE 25 Fern nie of North America. 288 pp. 155 ill. Thé caly beck $4.00 Our Ferns in their ase 333 pp. 225 ill, The pGntard work 2. eae $3.50 WILLARD N. CLUTE & oe Butler University, Indianapo. The Science Press Printing Company Printers of Scientific and Educational Breer: Monographs JAQUES Car TELL, Information é Sas sete . a ie aaa Lime and Green Sts., Lancaster, Penna. THE BRYOLOGIST PUBLISHED BY THE SULLIVANT MOSS SOCIETY The only —— ine in English wholly devoted to Mosses, Hepaties, and Lichen sionals "Year = euetra ted 5 for the he United § as well as i : L A, TENNYSON BEALS 2929 Broadway NEW YORK CITY BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN MEMOIR IRS e I: 33 contributions by various authors on genetics, pathol- sg jue $3.50 plus posta Volum : The vegetation of ee Island., Part 1. The vegetation of Checedk ts ‘etc. Pub. 1923. 108 pp. Price, $1.00. ‘ ‘Volume Til: The vegetation of _ Desert, Maine, and its environ; ment. By Barrington Moore and Norman Taylor. 151 pages, oot text figures, vegetation map in colors. June 10, 1927. Price, $1.60. Sing RICAN JOURNAL OF TANY All Branches of tai Scienc Sa ead Tait excep st nag Sept aa 7 8 Publication of the Botanical Society of Ameri 8 bectiptinsés “fhe year for complete volumes (Jan. to Dec.). Pets ‘of yvolum t rs mea Fe number rate, Single io mabe: $1.00 each, pore free. “Fo reig. stage: 40 cents. oted to All Forms of Lif n Relation o Env : oa Established 1920. ua rterly.: Ofticta! Publication of ane sna i Society of America. Subscription,.$4 a year for comes bam (Jan. s Dec.). —— of volumes.at the single number rate, . Sin numbers, $1.25 post free. Foreign postage: 20 cents. tree vestigations on Heredit Variatio Established. Tie Be “monthly. Subscription, "$6 3 a Siar for complete yolumes (Jan ec.). Parts of volumes at the single num mber Single cha $125 post randy ge BO C ents. BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN, Brooklyn, N. ¥. U. 5. * ———— barrvedveee et mever || Field and Herbarium Equipe! & amuees ag Fern Trowels lant Presses n es WAVERLEY MASS_USA. Write to-day for Catalog F 91 CAMBOSCO SCIENTIFIC COMPANY WAVERLEY. MASS.. U.S.A. Vol, 21 July-September, 1931 No. 3 / American Hern Journal A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO FERNS - Published by the AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY oe EDITORS R. C. BENEDICT E. J. WINSLOW C. A. WEATHERBY oe CONTENTS Some Pteridophytes of North Carolina..H. L. Brouquist 81 Studies of Equiseta in European Herbaria neha ak ie tea een J. H. Scuarrxner 90 Notes on a New J ersey Fern Garden—Ill....W. H. Dore 108 Fern Notes from Southern California........ JoserpH Ewan 106 Recent Pern Litetatwre. 2. 3 oe ee ae 109 Shorter Notes.—The oldest living Fern. Asplenium Brad- leyi €troneously reported on Limestone......-..---- iil welch Dern Society... ee 114 ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION, $125: FOREIGN, nee’ to eElV & LIME & GREEN STS., LANCASTER, P& gs Ente ered ag Second-cl office a under the A 0 ea Ae ‘lass matter at at the pe re ‘for 2 “i authori eostage on sided 1 for in Eilers sng 1103, Act ef 191 Che American Hern Society Council for 1931 OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR Wittiam R. Maxon, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, Sea én Mrs. CarLOTTa “ ee. Stanford University, Calif., Vice-president Rev. C. 8. Lewis, Trinity Rectory, Plattsburg, N. Yu Secretar J. G. rs paalstlie Hartlead, V Treasurer OFFICIAL ORGAN Ampriran — Journal EDITOR Rape C. BenepicrT 1819 Assan me is betes N. Y¥. E. J. WiNsLtow rndale, Mass. C. A. WEATHERBY ts cubes dge, Mass. An illustrated quarterly devoted to the general study of ferns. Subseription, $1.25 per year, foreign, 10 cents extra; ” to members of the AMERICAN so SOCIETY (a cout dues, $1.50; life membership, $25.00). Extracted reprints, if order ed in advance, will be furnished authors at ses They should be ordered urned. ai o. 1; vol. . 4; and vol. IV, no, 1 cannot be supplied except with - atter for aE! should be addressed to R. C. Benedict at 1819 Pome Road, or Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 1000 W: ington Ave., Brooklyn, N, Y. Orders for back pcanet should be sent to the Secretary ess Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, N. ¥. Other business com aids es should be addressed to E. J. WmNSLOW, Aubursdals CURATOR OF THE HERBARIUM L. 8. Horxrs Culver-Stockton College, Canton, Me the A regular loan department is main maintained in connection with ; peat ming anion Members may borrow specimens ore - th all or express ¢ Sere Reena tees ee ry time. pian ot the Searels open to mem’ ho wish to those ; ' i 3 : : ; pi q : 4 5 Amprican Fern Journal Vou. 21 JULY-SEPTEMBER No. 3 Some of the Pteridophytes of North Carolina and Their Distribution H. L. Buomauist The state of North Carolina embraces a region of peculiar fascination to the botanist, especially if he is floristically inclined’ and interested in observing and Studying plants in their native homes. The flora of the State is rich in variety, due largely to its latitude and varied topographical features which include a seacoast at one end, a mountainous region at the other, and a broad area of foothills of varying altitudes between. A _ Correspondence in the distribution of some of the species Which make up the flora and fauna of North Carolina With these three main physiographical regions has led to a division of the state into three biological or life zones. These are, the eastern or Atlantic coastal plain, the middle or piedmont, and the western or the mountain. From the standpoint of vegetation, although it may be *asy to say that this or that species is found only in this or that zone, it is difficult to draw sharp lines of separa- tion between them. ‘This is due to a considerable over- lapping of species and to the fact that some species are ‘ommon to all of them. However, while there may be °verlapping, the proportion of the species which make "Up the composition of the flora varies enough so that the Physiognomy of the vegetation is different in the differ- _ [Volume 21, No. 2 of the JourNnaL, pages 49-80, plates 4-6, was issued June 20, 1931.] | 81 82 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL ent zones. The flora of the coastal plain is more dis- tinctive than the other two and is more sharply delimited from the piedmont than the latter is from the mountain zone. While my interest in the plants of North Carolina since coming here eleven years ago has not been confined to ferns and fern allies, I have in all my excursions taken notice of them and included them in my collec- tions. Since, so far as I know, no recent report has been made of these plants from this state, I thought it might be of interest to write down some of the observa- tions which I have made. From the standpoint of distribution the club mosses seem to be the most definite. Lycopodium alopecuroides and L. carolinianum are confined to the Atlantic coastal plain. Besides these, is found on sand ridges Selaginella acanthonota, a xerophytie form which I have not col- lected but which has been reported by Wells? and others. In the middle, or piedmont section, the only common club moss is Lycopodium complanatum or ‘‘running cedar’’ as it is locally called. Selaginella apus is found along ditches and in swampy places but it does not seem! to be as abundant here as in the western section. In the mountain section I have never seen L. complanatum where it seems to be replaced by the closely related species L. tristachyum. This is found in rich soil, especially near upland bogs where it is associated with L. obscurum. At higher altitudes, under spruce and fir, L. lucidulum is quite common and may extend lower down along the streams. In the southwestern sectio? of the mountains of North Carolina especially wher more rocky slopes are exposed, the rock Selaginellas are 1 Wells, B. W. Plant communities of the coastal plain of North Carolina and their successional relations. Ecology, Vol. IX, No. 2, April, 1928. Cp Eg SP Pigs hes eee eg ene eae eee Ses es ye eee PTERIDOPHYTES OF NortH CAROLINA 83 very common and give a greenish tint to the pale lichen associations composed mostly of reindeer moss (Cla- donia). The most common of these is apparently S. tortipila. Others reported from this section are 8S. sherwoodii and 8. rupestris,? neither of which I have to my knowledge collected. The first time I ever saw Isoetes (Plate 7) in nature was in a ditch near Rosman, in the summer of 1922. This was identified by Dr. Pfeiffer, of the Boyce Thomp- Son Institute of Plant Research, as I. Engelmannii. Since then I have found it in great abundance in many of the artificial lakes of w estern North Carolina. The only Equisetum I have found in the state is E. praealtum Rat. (E. robustum). This species grows in large patehes between Durham and Chapel Hill. The only other place where I have found it is along a road near the Tuckaseigee Station between Sylva and Glen- ville. Other Equisetums have been reported from the State but apparently these are rather rare and local. The Bulb Fern (Cystopteris bulbifera) seems to be rare in North Carolina as is also the Purple Cliff Brake (Pellea atropur purea). The former I have not found *xcept in a spring which gushes out of a granite wall in the Nanthahala Gorge between Bryson City and Andrews, and the latter was found by one of my stu- dents, Miss Susan B. Leonard, of Atlanta, Georgia, at Chimney Rock. The Climbing Fern (Lygodium palmatum) I have not collected myself but I have obtained specimens from Professor E. H. Hall, of the North Carolina College for Women, which he collected at Piedmont Springs, Dan- berry. Dr. Holmes, of the State Department of For- See bes told me that he has found it near Tuckaseigee *Eseltine, G. P. Van. The allies of Selaginella rupestris in the tontheasten United States. Contrib. Nat. Herb., Vol. XX, 1917. 84 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Falls. Two other ferns collected by Professor Hall,’ which I have not collected, are Asplenium Ruta-muraria and Ophioglossum vulgatum, both of which were found near Greensboro. Of the ferns proper, the coastal plain has very few. The most common-ones seem to be, the Cinnamon Fern (Osmunda cinnamomea), the Ebony Spleenwort (As- plenium platyneuron), the Gray Polypody (Polypodium polypodioides), and the Chain Fern (Woodwardia areo- lata). The first three, however, occur all over the state. The Cinnamon Fern is found even on mountain tops and in some places between the ridges grows in great profu- sion. The Gray Polypody likewise is distributed from the coast to the mountains but its habitat varies. In the eastern part of the state it grows exclusively on trees while in the western section it is found only on rocks. In the piedmont section, especially around Durham, it grows both on trees and rocks. The most common fern in the piedmont section is the Christmas Fern (Poly- stichum acrostichoides). There is considerable variety of ferns in this section but the plants are rather seat- tered and do not develop in such profusion as some of the same ferns do in the mountainous part of the state. Besides some of the rarer ferns mentioned above, the Mountain Spleenwort (Asplenium montanum) seems also to be confined to the western section. It is quite abundant in eracks in granite cliffs, especially neat : waterfalls. In the mountain section the ferns grow 12 many places in great profusion. It is not uncommon t? see the New York Fern (Dryopteris noveboracensis), the Interrupted Fern (Osmunda Claytoniana), the Lowland Lady Fern (Athyrium asplenioides), and the Hay ’ Hall, Earl H. A partial check list of the ferns found in the Mountain Park and Roaring Gap region. Jour. Elisha Mitchell — Scientific Society, Vol. 46, No. 1, Nov., 1930. AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VOLUME 21, PLATE 7 Isorres ENGELMANNI VAR. CAROLINIANA A. A. EATON FROM MED- FORD POND NEAR LAKE JUNALUSKA, NorRTH CAROLINA 86 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL scented Fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula) in almost pure stands. The Hay-scented Fern seems to be espe- cially hardy and is favored by grazing so that in some upland pastures it is gradually replacing all other vegetation (Plate 8) Below is a list of the ferns and fern allies from North Carolina which I have collected and a few which have been collected and reported by others recently. After each name is given the name of the section in which each is most likely to be found. Where two sections are given, the first one is where the fern is found in greater abun- dance. The ones marked * I have not collected myself. OPHIOGLOSSACEAE *Ophioglossum vulgatum L. Piedmont Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw. Piedmont and western Botrychium dissectum (Spreng.) Torr. Piedmont and western Botrychiwm obliquum Mauhl. Piedmont and western OSMUNDACEAE Osmunda cinnamomea L. General Osmunda regalis L. Western and ‘piechatll Osmunda Claytoniana L. Western and piedmont ScHIZAEACEAE *Lygodium palmatum (Bernh.) Sw. Western PoLYPODIACEAE Polypodium virginianum L Piedmont and westerl 4 Polypodium tesaohirshae (L.) Wat General AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VOLUME 21, PLaTE 8 THE HAY-SCENTED FERN (DENNSTAEDTIA PUNCTILOBULA) IN ALMOST PURE STAND IN UPLAND PASTURE, BLOWING Rock, NortH CAROLINA 88 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Pteridium latiusculum var. pseudocaudatum (Clute) Maxon Adiantum pedatum L. Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link Cheilanthes lanosa (Michx.) Watt Asplenium Trichomanes . Asplenium montanum Willd. Asplenium platyneuron (L.) Oakes *Asplenium Ruta-muraria L. Athyrium acrostichoides (Sw.) Diels - Athyrium asplenioides (Michx.) Desv. Camptosorus rhizophyllus ; (L.) Link Woodwardia areolata (L.) Moore Onoclea sensibilis L. Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott Dryopteris marginalis (L.) A Gray Dryopteris hexagonoptera (Michx.) C. Chr. Dryopteris noveboracensis (L.) A. Gray Dryopteris thelypteris (L.) A. Gray Dryopteris dilatata (Hoffm.) Gray Piedmont and western Western and piedmont Western Western and piedmont Western and piedmont Western General Piedmont Western Western Western and piedmont Eastern and piedmont Western Piedmont and wester? Western and piedmont — Western and piedmont Western and piedmont | Grneal Western PTERIDOPHYTES OF NortTH CAROLINA 89 Dryopteris intermedia (Muhl.) Gray Dryopteris cristata (L.) A. Gray Dennstaedtia punctilobula ichx.) Moore Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. Cystopteris bulbifera (L.) Bernh. Woodsia obtusa (Spreng.) Torr. Piedmont and western Westati and piedmont Western and piedmont Western Western Western and piedmont EQUISETACEAE Equisetum praealtum Raf. Piedmont and western LYCOPODIACEAE Lycopodium lucidulum Michx. Western Lycopodium obscurum L. Western Lycopodium tristachyum ursh Western Lycopodium complanatum L. Piedmont Lycopodium alopecuroides L. Eastern Lycopodium carolinianum L. Eastern SELAGINELLACEAE claginella apus (li.) Spring elaginella tortipila A. Br. % é Selaginella Sherwoodii eo , Underw. Selaginella rupestris 20. % ‘ ; Selaginellg acanthonota Underw. Western and piedmont Western Western Western Eastern 90 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL ISOETACEAE Isoetes Engelmannii var. caroliniana A. A. Eaton ‘Western I wish to acknowledge with thanks my obligations to Professor E. H. Hall, of the North Carolina College for Women, for the specimens he has donated to me; to Dr. Maxon and his associates for confirming some of the identifications and making others, and to Dr. Pfeiffer for identifying the Isoetes. Duke University, Duruam, N. C. Studies of Equiseta in European Herbaria* JoHN H. ScHAFFNER Various problems in relation to certain species of Equisetum had presented themselves to the writer whieh he was not able to solve with the inadequate material 1m American herbaria. The summer of 1930 was, there- fore, spent in Europe in studying herbarium material and the opportunity was also afforded of attending the Fifth International Botanical Congress at Cambridge, England, August 16-23. The investigations were made at the following herbaria where a large number of records on the geographic distribution of all the species was also obtained: The Amsterdam Botanie Garden, the , Berlin Botanic Garden, the Basel Botanie Garden, the : Ziirich Botanie Garden, the Herbier Boissier of the Unt | versity of Geneva, the Herbier Delessert of the Geneva — Botanic Garden, the Herbarium of Cambridge Unive — sity, the herbarium of the British Museum of Natural : History, London, the Linnean Herbarium owned by the — * Papers from the Department of Botany, the Oh‘o State Unie versity, No. 000, : EQuIseTA IN EvuroPpEAN HERBARIA 91 Linnean Society of London, and the Kew Herbarium at the Kew Royal Botanie Garden. The writer is under great obligations to the Directors, Curators, and Keepers at all of these institutions and desires hereby to express his sincere thanks for the many courtesies shown and for much kindly assistance given to further his studies, which had to be made rather hurriedly because of lim- ited time. The deductions given below are based on the writer’s own determination on good material. In all herbaria there has been much confusion in determinations and names. Hquisetum moorei is sometimes confused with E. trachyodon, E. diffusum with E. arvense, E. arvense with E. telmateia. E. trachyodon is sometimes labeled E. hiemale schleicheri, sometimes E. hiemale doellu, ete. Under the name E. laevigatum were found not only the true E. laevigatum but also perfect specimens of EL. praealtum, EB. fluviatile, and E. kansanum. A Specimen of E. trachyodon from Vancouver Island with long cylindrical, black, crusty sheaths, short persistent teeth, and other characters peculiar to this species, was labeled E. ramosissimum and has frequently been quoted as such in distribution records. The whole Equisetum problem has also been greatly confused by a ridiculous multiplication of varietal names which in most cases at least represent nothing but ordinary fiuctuations. Some- times these ‘‘varieties’’ do not even belong to the species to which they are attached. A beginner then must nec- essarily be greatly confused if he attempts to draw con- clusions from the usual herbarium material both in America and Europe. Equiserum RAMOSISSIMUM DesF. AND EQUISETUM DEBILE Rox. In general, E. ramosissimum extends from the Azores and the British Isles to Japan and through eastern 92 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Africa to Cape Colony, while EZ. debile extends from northern India and Ceylon through the East Indies to | the Fiji Islands. Baker considered the species as doubt- fully distinct and an attempt was, therefore, made to dis- cover distinguishing characters if such were present. Although a supposed distinction is sometimes based on the sheath segments as rounded in E. ramosissimum and flattened with angular sides in EH. debile this seems of no importance. An important difference was found in the comparative lengths of the sheaths of large shoots. The sheaths of E. ramosissimum are usually twice as long or more as those of EH. debile. In the latter species the sheaths are usually about as long as broad in the large shoots. It is easy to separate the two species by this character if ideal specimens are in hand (Figs. 1, 2). but smaller specimens of EZ. ramosissimum show no such distinction (Fig. 3). Apparently there are two distinct hereditary types but their fluctuations are so extreme that they overlap completely. E. debile seems to be the only form in southeastern Asia and the East Indies while E. ramosissimum is represented in the rest of Asia, Europe, and Africa. On the geographic transition it seems impossible to tell imperfect specimens apart, 80 there is nothing left to do but to draw the geographic line and name the specimens accordingly. Without the teeth, which are frequently not shed, the _ sheaths of large specimens of E. debile are usually less os than 14 in. (10 mm.) long while those of HE. ramosts- — simum are fully 1 in. (25 mm.) in plants of correspond: a ing size. The sheaths of large specimens of £. ramosis- simum frequently turn brown with a papery texture. In this respect there is some similarity to E. gigantewm ae and E. myriochaetum. All of the supposed E. ramost simum of South America turned out to be small spec: mens of E. giganteum easily distinguished by its bands ; VOLUME 21, PLaTe 9 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL : ann < SEE a Sisal a — a = ; Se oe Se Se asta, “SND Sa as — _ * =aEY = $e 228 ee Bind rTM TS ASS YS AAS vi ie Oe geting te uy a Ae 2 ee a a hn as AE 94 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL of stomata. In eastern and southern Mexico, improp- erly developed FE. laevigatum or E. myriochaetum are sometimes referred to FE. ramosissimum. Supposed specimens of E. ramosissimum from British Columbia turned out to be E. trachyodon. It is possible that E. ramosissimum is on the Pacific Coast of the United States, either native or introduced from Japan or China. It would be difficult to distinguish it from branched forms of E. laevigatum. Some specimens obtained from Mr. F. M. Cota from San Diego, California, appeared s0 similar to the smaller E. ramosissimum specimens of Europe and Asia that, had their origin not been known, they would have been determined as the latter species without any hesitation. This is a problem to be settled on the pacific coast. It appears to the writer that £. debile Roxb. is properly entitled to specific rank. Just because one cannot separate certain imperfect specimens is not to be taken as a criterion for the union of the two. One cannot easily separate young calves of horned and hornless cattle and those hybrids which have seurs in the mature condition, yet they represent three distinct he- reditary types. E. laevigatum can be separated from E. ramosissimum as follows: It is much less branched and has more truncate, more ampliated, and more pel sistently green sheaths. The sheath segments of ZF. laevigatum have a central ridge and the same is usually true for E. ramosissimum but the latter may also have a central groove in the sheath segments of large sheaths or if a large shoot has developed from a broken stem. EQUISETUM MYRIOCHAETUM ScHL. & CHAM. Baker included E. myriochaetum with E. giganteum — and also stated that E. zylochaetum was closely allied t0 — E. giganteum. But EF. myriochaetum has a very char- acteristic feature in that the stomata on the main stem : EQuIseTa IN EuRoPEAN HERBARIA . 95 are in lines (Fig. 4), as in the typical EQUISETA HIBERNA while E. giganteum and E. xylochaetum have ‘the Stomata in bands commonly composed of three to five lines each (Fig. 5). E. myriochaetum sometimes has double lines of stomata for some distance and the same is true for large specimens of E. ramosissimum which must be regarded as the next higher species in the gen- eral series. E. myriochaetum occurs in southern Mexico and oe- casionally in Central America and northern South America. Among other characteristic differences, Z£. tylochaetum has flat sheath segments and rigid, black, linear teeth which give out a twanging sound when Picked while EZ. giganteum has much more membranous teeth and its sheath segments have a definite central ridge. Baker was right in disregarding E. schaffneri, E. pyramidale, and E. martii. They appear to be mere fluctuations of E. giganteum and E. xylochaetum. One could describe a large number of ‘“‘species’’ in Equise- tum based on such superficial characters as are supposed to be characteristic of these three ‘species.’ The sheath of E. myriochaetum is very truncate, sreen in its earlier stages, nearly cylindrical, shorter than wide, with readily deciduous teeth and with sheath Segments that are 3-keeled in the lower part or some- times nearly to the top. The lines of stomata are very Prominent and the large stem is usually nearly smooth, arely showing ridges. This species is then the proper onnecting link between E. gigantewm on the one hand and E. ramosissimum and E. laevigatum on the other. The ranges of BE. myriochaetum and E. laevigatum come together in southern Mexico. EQuIsETUM MOOoREI NEWM. _ At various times a form of Equisetum intermediate M character between E. ramosissimum and E. hiemale 96 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL has been described from western Europe. E. ramosissi- mum is rather sensitive to frost but does frequently survive to the second year. It is not to be considered as an annual, however. The writer has seen large E. ramosissimum specimens which had endured the winter successfully, only the upper end being dead. The intermediate plant leading over to EZ. hiemale is about equally resistant to cold or more so. This plant is to be recognized as a proper species with the name JL. moorei Newm. Edward Newman described E. moore? as a species in 1854.1. The description given is as follows: **Rhizome not noticed. Stems annual, completely deciduous, 20-30 inches in length, 3 or 4 united at base, perfectly erect, always unbranched, acuminate, oradually tapering throughout their length, with 12 (more or less) deep, well-marked striae ; the surface rough and hard to the touch; divided by transverse septa into 12 (more or less) internodes, the middle ones of which are longer than those of either extremit Sheaths loose, striated like the stem, the interspaces between the striae having a dee p central suleus, of a Teun rigid, harsh, rounded or truneate at the apex, each having a median furrow on the back, the continu- — ation of the. ssitethadtate furrows of the sheath; sur- mounted by loose, flaccid, membranous, silky, elongated. ee pointed awns, which are usually whitish, but Sete = ally black towards the apex of the stem; on the low sheaths these awns appear evanescent, from their ex- treme fragili ity. oe Spike sessile, black, composed of 35 (more or less) black, roundish scales, on which the Lee of the stem 1The Phytologist for 1854 (Vol. V), p. 19. acRIGAY GaP Sats EQUISETA IN EUROPEAN HERBARIA 97 is distinctly continued; surmounted by a solid, conical, acuminate apex. . Clay-banks facing the sea at Rockfield, County Wicklow, Ireland ; found by Mr. Moore in company with Professor Melville, of Queens College, Galway. Herb. Moore, Newman, ete.”’ While this description is taken up mostly with minute fluctuating details, as most of the earlier descriptions of species and varieties of Equisetum, there can be no question of the identity of the plant described. How- ever, the plant does survive the winter, as intimated above, and it does branch, sometimes having cones on branches of the first year. New branches may also develop the second year. The sheaths described by Newman represent the extreme of discoloration due no doubt to the exposed habitat where the plants were collected. The sheaths in favorable habitats are long and ampliated and remain green for a long time. The main characteristics of the species can thus be summarized as follows: Unbranched or sometimes branched either the first or second year; delicate peren- nial aerial shoots; long, green, ampliated sheaths usually with a black limb, becoming discolored in age; usually with promptly deciduous teeth; internodal ridges with an irregular double row of tubercles or cross hands of Silex; sheath segments with a central groove; cones apiculate; often appearing superficially like E. laeviga- tum. Milde described this same type as a variety of E. hiemale in 1858, E. hiemale schleicheri. Hy deseribed 4 Similar plant from France in 1890 as E. occidentale, giving the name combination both as a variety and a Species. In 1922 Samuelsson concluded that H. hiemale schleicheri is a hybrid between E. hiemale and E. ramo- sissimum. There is, however, no definite evidence for Ybridity according to modern Mendelian principles of 98 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL heredity. The synonymy of the species is, therefore, as follows : EQUISETUM MOooREI Newm. 1854. E, hiemale schleicheri Milde. 1858. E. occidentale Hy. 1890. E. hiemale x ramosissimum Samuelsson. 1922. These all refer to a common species representing the transition step between E. ramosissimum and E. hiemale and corresponding to the American EF. laevigatum which stands between E. ramosissimum and E. praealtum. The plant has had other earlier designations in herbaria and perhaps other earlier published names. But as the older descriptions are too vague and incomplete it is not proper to resurrect any of them since they could never be properly established. There is no evidence for the presence of HE. mooret in America. Specimens so reported are to be referred to E. laevigatum which is easily distinguished from £. moorei. Unfortunately I was not able to find Newman’s type specimen from Rockfield. But there is a fairly good specimen, in the herbarium of the Natural History _ Museum in South Kensington, collected by R. W. Scully — in 1889. Another specimen from Rockfield, County Wicklow, collected in May, 1909, had only last years shoots with about a foot of green stem and dead at the top. E. moorei can be separated readily from £. hiemale by its elongated ampliated sheaths and delicate winter habit. Its irregular double row of tubercles on the internodal ridges and its grooved sheath segments distinguish it from both FE. ramosissimum and E. laevt- gatum which have single rows of tubercles on the ridges and sheath segments usually with a central ridge. EQUISETUM TRACHYODON A. Br. Equisetum trachyodon was described by Alexander Braun in 1839. In recent years it has usually — EQuIseTA IN EuroPpEAN HERBARIA 99 regarded as a hybrid between E. hiemale and E. varie- gatum because the cones are frequently semi-sterile. E. hiemale doellii Milde belongs to the same alliance, so if a well-developed plant was found it was usually re- garded as EF. hiemale doellii. This form is then simply the larger more perfectly developed E. trachyodon. In Southwestern Greenland E. trachyodon occurs near one of the old Norsemen farms. Dr. C. H. Ostenfeld of Copenhagen kindly sent me enough of the Greenland material to make a definite determination. It may have been brought in by the Norsemen with hay from Iceland or Norway and then perpetuated itself in the loeality ever since. It was reported as FE. hiemale doellii, proba- bly because one of the supposed parents of EL. trachyo- don, namely E. hiemale, has never been discovered in Greenland. The Greenland specimens, as judged by the Sheaths and internodes, are typical FE. trachyodon. The presence of sterile or semi-sterile cones in Equisetum is no criterion for determining hybridity. These semi- Sterile and sterile cones oceur in all species of Equisetum and in some species they are very abundant where no - Possibility of recent hybridization exists in the region. hey occur with normal fertile shoots coming from the Same rhizome. In the herbaria some species going under the name of £. paleaceum Doell. are extreme forms of E. trachyodon in the broad sense. E. mackaii Newm. 1s also a form of E. trachyodon. 2 The American plant described as EZ. variegatum Jesupt by A. A. Eaton in 1904 is again only a form of E. trachyodon. Its general resemblance to EZ hiemale induced Farwell, in 1916, to rename it Hippochaete hiemalis jeswpi and Marie-Victorin, in 1924, gave it the Same position under the name Equisetum hyemale Jesup. E. variegatum alaskanum A. A. Eat., however, belongs to the E. variegatum alliance and not to E. 100 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL _ trachyodon, having a campanulate sheath, and long rigid black teeth with narrow margins. The typical E. variegatum is usually much more slender than its var. alaskanum and the teeth have a much broader white membranous margin. FE. variegatum is thus for the most part easily separated from E. trachyodon. The EQUISETA PUSILLA are not to be derived directly from either E. moorei or E. hiemale but must also be derived independently from the E. ramosissimum—E. laevigatum complex from ancestors with simple rows of -tubereles and cross bands on the internodal ridges. This more primitive condition is retained in E. nelsoni (A. A. Eat.) Schaffn. but it has advanced otherwise to a nearly annual condition of the aerial shoots. e other three species of the EQUISETA PUSILLA have ad- vanced decidedly in doubling the internodal ridges, culminating in the extreme type in E. scirpoides. E. trachyodon is thus represented centrally by what has been called EL. hiemale doellii Milde and grades off on the one hand into the plant that has passed for a long time as the true E. trachyodon and on the other into Eaton’s E. variegatum jesupi. Not all the specimens, however, labeled FE. hiemale doellii in the herbaria are E. trachyodon. Some are simply small specimens of the true E. hiemale. As stated above E. trachyodon as now delimited is not to be derived from E. hiemale which shows a number of decided specializations of its OWR, — among which are distinct abscission of the teeth and details of the sheath segments. E. trachyodon is inter- mediate in size between E. hiemale and E. variegatum- The sheaths are cylindrical, mostly all black or with @ wide black band at the top. They are usually very crustaceous and the thickening does not extend very far a into the short, narrow, mostly persistent teeth. They have a truncate appearance even when the teeth are not EQuiseTa IN EuROPEAN HERBARIA 101 broken off. This character increases its resemblance to E. hiemale. With the recognition of E. moorei, E. trachyodon, E. debile, and E. myriochaetum as good species the total number of Equisetum species now considered valid by the writer amounts to 23. THE SPECIMENS ofr EQuisetuM IN LINNAEUS’ HERBARIUM. While in London, the opportunity was taken to ex- amine the specimens of Equisetum in the Linnean Herbarium, possessed by the Linnean Society of London, at Burlington House, Piccadilly. The sheets are as fol- lows and are without any data in general except the of spicules on the internodal ridges of the ain stem. : 2. E. arvense (Sheets 3 and 4). Fertile and sterile shoots. 3. E. palustre (Sheet 5). 4. E. limosum (Sheet 6). Contains unbranched Shoots and a young branched shoot. heet 8 is a specimen of E. variegatum and has a label reading: Equisetum var: latowrrelle—Tourelle. In lead Pencil on the species sheet is written by someone E. asperrimum Dick. E. variegatum Jacq. : The word Tourelle in Linnaeus’ handwriting probably Tefers to the locality from which the specimen came. Linnaeus’ specimens are thus seen to be in a very Un- Satisfactory condition for critical study. Linnaeus was acquainted with six species of Equisetum, Five Euro- Pean species and one American species, EZ. giganteum, 102 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL although this is not in his herbarium. He evidently regarded E. variegatum as a form or variety of E. hiemale. The un-branched forms of EF. fluviatile he called E. limosum, but since £. fluviatile is first on the list and both names have a continuous historical de- velopment the water horsetail should always bear the latter name. Linnaeus named the branched form £. fluviatile and the branched form is usually predomi- nantly the common form while the naked form is a much rarer fluctuation. Pollich as early as 1777 selected fiuviatile in preference to limosum. EXPLANATION OF PLATE Fie.l. Equisetum ramosissium oe NA ene sheath with teeth still persistent. Natura Fig. 2. Equisetum debile Roxb. al sheath with teeth still size Fig. 3. Equisetum ramosissium Desf. area from small plant, the teeth fallen off. Natural siz Fic. 4. Equisetum myriochaetum Cham, i Schlecht. Surface view of small area of main stem showing the single lines of stomata. Ma score about x1 Fic. 5. Equisetum gigantewm L. Surface view of small area of main stem showing one of ee bands of stomata com- posed of several lines. Magnified about x 115. Notes ON A FERN GARDEN 103 Notes on a New Jersey Fern Garden--III W. HersBert DOLE ADIANTUM PEDATUM, ASPLENIUM TRICHOMANES, ete. Adiantum pedatum is at its best where there is pro- tection from wind, plentiful moisture and shade. The clump which may be ‘seen at the top of the cut was planted four or five years ago and has become thoroughly established. The location, however, is not as sheltered as it might be and at times driving wind and rain have reduced beautiful fronds to a dilapidated condition, : though other ferns may not be at all injured. I am try- ing other plants of Adiantum in different places in the garden in an attempt to find a position that will produce Specimen plants. At its best it is a beautiful fern, but unhappily placed it is apt to look ragged. _ Other ferns appearing in the accompanying illustra- tion are Woodsia obtusa, Cystopteris fragilis, Asplenium platyneuron, A. Trichomanes and Pellaea atropurpured. he Woodsia is being crowded by the Adiantum, but is holding its own and young plants have appeared lower down, where spores have lodged and germinated. _ The original plants were found near Peekskill, N. Y., In 1926. They were growing on a loose, gravelly ban k near the Hudson River. The slope was barely held in Place by the roots of grasses, harebells (Campanula rotundifolia) and other plants. Evidently the ferns Were unable to maintain their hold for more than two & three y ears, as all noted were small and slender. Much larger and finer specimens have been seen since then in the district between Cranberry Lake and New- ton, N. J The plants of Asplenium Trichomanes were obtained _ t the same time as were the Woodsia obtusa, from the 104 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL station near Peekskill. Small plants were found grow- ing on limestone ledges, almost bone dry at the time, though there were indications of abundant moisture earlier in the season. The finest specimens of Asple- nium Trichomanes I have seen were growing in wet moss on trap-rock ledges at the New York end of Greenwood Lake, where there was apparently a continuous flow of — water down the face of the rocks. The photograph was taken before my plants of maidenhair spleenwort had reached their prime; later in the summer the fronds are longer and more numerous. Asplenium platyneuron seems to thrive in dry, sunny places either among rocks or on grassy slopes. It 18 easily grown even in shady locations, but does better in the sun. My finest specimen is in the rock garden where it receives full sunshine most of the day during summer. The Cystopteris fragilis just below the Woodsia ob- tusa in the illustration is a sporeling, one of many that 4 have appeared in the fern garden. At the lower left : corner there may be seen plants of Pellaea atropurpuret which have already been noted. I try to add new varieties to my fern garden every year, but as the possibilities nearby are exhausted it becomes necessary to go farther and farther afield. During the late summer of 1930, while on a week-e visit at Cragsmore above Ellenville, N. Y., I found a colony of Cryptogramma Stelleri on shale cliffs along stream part way up the mountain. Due to the | weather and lateness of the season (about August 7); the fronds had begun to shrivel, but roots were obtained and several pounds of the pulverized shale in which they were growing. Crevices in my miniature cliff wet filled with this material and the roots were pee in- AMERICAN FERN JOURNA VoLUME 21, PuatTe 10 FERN GROUP, INCLUDING ADIANTUM PEDATUM, WOODSIA OBTUSA, ASPLENIUM TRICHOMANES, ETC. 106 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL serted. I am now watching to see if they will take hold and grow this spring (1931). Near the above station of cliff brake were fine speci- mens of Phegopteris Dryopteris (oak fern), Cystopteris bulbifera, Adiantum and other ferns growing on wet rocks near a waterfall. A great part of the enjoyment to be derived from a fern garden is to be found in discovering for one’s self the fern stations and observing the locality and condi- tions under which the ferns grow. A fern brought home after an all day tramp through woods or a climb over rocks and ledges is more highly prized than one obtained by other means and is more likely to grow than one sent from an unfamiliar habitat. West ORANGE, NEW JERSEY. Recent Fern Notes from Southern California JOSEPH Ewan During the past three years college friends and my- self have collected ferns rather extensively in the south- ern half of the state, and the following notes are the result of these recent trips afield. To these personal notes are added those of Dr. Pp. A. Munz, of Pomona College, Claremont, California, hith- erto unpublished. I express my sincere appreciation dee Dr. Munz for many kindnesses and suggestions @* : tended. Le Our most complete report on the fern flora of this region is ‘‘Southern California Pteridophytes”’ by Pp. A- ‘ ‘Munz and Ivan M. Johnston (Am. Fern Jour. 12: 69- 77, 101-122 and 13: 1-7, 1923). This report, and mo? recent scattered articles are used as the reference Leg for this short paper. FERN Nores From CALIFORNIA 107 All specimens cited are in the private herbarium of the author except as indicated, ‘‘Pomona College Her- barium.’?’ ApDIANTUM CapiLtus-VENERIS L. Forms designated by Moxley as forma cristatum, ‘the tips of the fronds more or less dichotomously forking and crested,’’ have been collected at a small canyon off Fish Canyon, of the San Gabriel Range (Ewan, 1275), and at Palm Canyon, Western Colorado Desert (E. L. Peterson, Feb. 22, 1930). ADIANTUM PEDATUM I. var. ALEUTICUM Rupr. Col- lected at a hitherto unpublished station in the San Ber- nardino Mountains—Falls Creek, off Mill Creek, at 7200 ft. (E. L. Peterson, June 29, 1929, and Aug. 31, 1929). The Little Santa Anita Canyon station, San Gabriel Mts., pointed out to me by its discoverer, G. L. Moxley, Was flourishing in 1928 (Ewan, 129), but one year later the colony had been nearly wiped out and produced freak forms (Ewan, 1282). This station near Orchard Camp is intermediate between the Upper Sonoran and Transition Life Zones with Woodwardia chamissoi, P. seudotsuga macrocarpa, Quercus chrysolepis, Umbellu- laria californica, Boykinia rotundifolia, Acer macro- Phyllum (starred by Hall in ‘‘Life-Zone Indicators in California,’’ Proc. Calif. Acad. Sei., Vol. 9, no. 2, p. 58, as being ‘‘partieularly characteristie’”’ of the Transition Zone), and Aralia californica as representative plants. ATHyrium Friix-FeMINA (L.) Roth var. CALIFOR- Ntcum Butters. Known from the Transition Zone in our mountains, but recently collected in the Canadian Zone of the San Jacinto Mts. on North Fork, Tahquitz Creek, at 8200 ft. (Ewan, 2126). CHEILANTHES GRacttima Eaton. Authors generally Seem to have overlooked the range extension for this 108 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL species given by F. J. Smiley in ‘‘Report upon the Boreal Flora of ‘the Sierra Nevada of California’’ (Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot., Vol. 9, p. 73). The Tulare County record of Dudley there cited may be strength- ened by its discovery in ‘‘exposed dry rock ecrevices’’ of Moro Rock, Sequoia National Park, Tulare Co., at 6719 ft. (Harvey Anderson, July 21, 1929). CRYPTOGRAMMA ACROSTICHOIDES R. Br. The southern- most station in North America for this fern, summit of San Jacinto Peak, 10,805 ft., Riverside Co., was discov- ered and reported by Munz (Am. Fern Jour. 12: 115). I re-collected the fern at this station a 1, 1930 (Ewan, 2165). CysToprTeris rraqiuis (L.) Bernh. Collected in Lit- tle Santa Anita Canyon, San Gabriel Mts., at 3000 ft. (Davidson & Moxley, Fl. So. Calif., p. 16, 1923) in 1928 (Ewan, 18), in the immediate vicinity of the Adiantum pedatum aleuticum station above described, but now extinct. This fern has an altitudinal range in Southern California of 8000 ft.; for contrasted with the last sta- tion is ‘‘rare about rocks, north side of San Gorgonl0 Peak at 11,100 ft.’? (Munz, 6207) in Pomona College Herb. Also collected on summit of San Jacinto Peak, 10,805 ft., by Dr. Munz in the past and by myself in 1930 (Ewan, 2157). An interesting collection was made of this fern near Keyes Ranch, 4500 ft., Little San Ber- nardino Mts., by F. R. Fosberg, May 1, 1930 (in Pomona College Herb.). This station emphasizes the great alti- 2 tudinal range of this fern. Notes kindly furnished bY _ Mr. Fosberg. NOTHOLAENA CALIFORNICA Eaton. To the published : lists of known stations for the coastal slope of Sou S California may be added: ‘‘rock crevices between and San Gabriel Canyons,’’ Los Angeles Co. (Mosley, RECENT FERN LITERATURE 109 1126), May 30, 1923. Mr. Moxley kindly granted me permission to publish this record. PoLYPODIUM HESPERIUM Maxon. An unreported sta- tion for this fern is Bluff Lake, 7500 ft., San Bernardino Mts., where it grows in ‘‘north facing erevices’’ and was first collected by Munz (8162), June 1, 1924, and subse- quently by Johnston at a slightly higher elevation, 7650 ft., July 5, 1924. Another station of this region is “two miles east of Bluff Lake at 7400 ft.’”? (Munz, 10668). Unreported stations for the San Jacinto Mts. are “‘Long Valley, 8500 ft.’’ Jaeger, June 28, 1923, and Dark Canyon, 7200 ft. (Munz & Johnston, 8778) where It favored the ‘‘north side of rocks.’? All specimens of P. hesperium cited are in the Pomona College Herb. THELYPTERIS AUGESCENS (Link) M. & J. An unre- Ported station of the San Gabriel Range is Van Tassel Canyon, west of Fish Canyon (Ewan, 1278), where a freak fertile frond was also collected (Ewan, 1277). Los ANGELES, CALIFORNIA. Recent Fern Literature _ Graustein, Miss Jeanette E., ‘‘ Evidences of Hybridism 5 Selaginella,’’ Bot’l Gazette, Vol. 90, September, 930. Miss Graustein has examined eight species of Selagi- nella including the two common hardy forms, 8. apoda and 8. rupestris, She has subjected fruiting material of these forms to cytological study and has found Numerous aberrations from normal behavior. In gen- fral, such divergences in the process of spore formation and so forth are found to be characteristic of hybrids. qn this connection, she reaches the conclusion that hy- Tidism has played a considerable part in the evolution 110 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL of this group. It is a matter of oe that mee com- mon ledge species, 8. rupestris, is ‘‘apogamous’’ and almost completely megasporangiate, that there is a large percentage of sterility in the spores of the species ex- amined: that in the cultivated form, 8. Mandiana, amitotic divisions are common. Of less technical interest, it may be noted that “*Selaginella represents a survivor of an ancient group, . . fossil Lycopodia of the Paleozoic;’’ that over 600 species are now recognized. Kimmerle, J. V. (Budapest, Hungary). Dr. Kiimmerle has sent in three short papers dealing with exotic fern types. In one the occurrence of Azolla fiiculoides in Japan and Italy is discussed. In an- other, a noteworthy form of Woodwardia radicans is commented upon. In the third, reference is made to Dr. Kiimmerle’s forthcoming Catalog of Lycopodiacae, Psilotacaeae, and Selaginellacaea. During the years 1920-1924 Dr. Joseph F. Rock made a large collection of ferns in China, chiefly in the south- western portions. Dr. Christensen has been working since 1926 at their determination. He has encountered considerable difficulty in making out identities; his list, now published, is not only a model of its kind in other ways, but of especial value in that it straightens out many of the tangles caused by the work of Baker and Christ. These men, noted fern specialists in their day, received many Chinese ferns for study. In at least ee case, the classical collection of Dr. August Henry, S¢ were sent to both and each worked at them quite ae pendently of the other. The result was that the same | species was often described under different names by both, that each misunderstood the other’s descriptions . oon ee eae SHORTER NoTES 111 (sometimes quite excusably) and, much less inevitably, each described over again species of his own about which he had forgotten. By a systematic study of type speci- mens Dr. Christensen has been able to put in their proper places these confused and confusing names, so far as they relate to the Rock collections, and his accom- panying comment is of high value. To any young taxonomist beginning the study of ferns, Dr. Christensen’s statement of his point of view and methods on pages 266 and 267 is likewise most heartily commended. THE OxpEest Living Frern.—One modern fern species is reported as identical with a form existing millions of years ago in Eocene time, namely, Onoclea sensibilis. The fossil form was described. by Newberry as 0. sensi- bilis fossilis. It is referred to in a recent book by Dr. F. H. Knowlton of the U. 8. Geological Survey (‘‘Plants of the Past’’), Fig. 85 in that text shows a fragment of a leaf with the lobing and venation clearly evident. It Would be strange if the form of several million years earlier was identically the same as our modern species, but paleontologists who have studied it have not found evidence as yet justifying separation as a distinet Species. It is further noteworthy as the only modern fern Species known also as fossil. ASPLENIUM BRADLEYI ERRONEOUSLY REPORTED ON LiMe- STONE AGAIN.—In carrying out studies on the soil reae- tion preferences of ferns, I have repeatedly tested the Soils Supporting Bradley’s Spleenwort, and have 1- i. FP “Christensen, C. Asiatie Pteridophyta collected by Joseph F. — 1920-1924. Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb. 26: 265-337, pl. 13- - 1931, AG AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL variably found them to be decidedly acid.1. This has led me to inspect critically reports of the findings of the spe- cies on limestone, where the soils are normally alkaline, and in all cases the data have proved open to doubt. As the idea still seems to prevail in many places that this fern is ‘‘lime-loving,’’ however, further discussion of the matter seems called for. Asplenium bradleyi was collected near Newburgh, New York, ‘‘on limerock,’’ by Bumstead and Eaton? in 1864; as the rocks exposed near that place are dominantly siliceous, however, there would appear to be strong probability that the rock supporting the fern was wrongly identified. It was later found in the Shawan- gunk Mountains by Clarence Lown. The compiler of the Flora of the Vicinity of New York‘ stated it to be ‘‘known in our area only from the predominantly lime- stone region in the Shawangunk Mountains,”’ although reference to any geological map would have shown him that these mountains are made up almost entirely of sandstone rocks instead. When statements of this sort get into the literature, however, their copying from one compilation to another seems to be inevitable. So, in the Annotated List of the Ferns and Flowering Plants of New York heir we find the above cited statements paraphrased as “‘On r preferring limestone,’’ and these words were faithfully repeated in the Fern Lover’s Companion.® 1 Wherry, AM. Fern J. 10: 17, 47. 1920. 15: 47. 1925. 18: 62. 1928. 2 Eaton, Ferns N. A. 2: 40. 1893. 3 Davenport, an. Torr. Bot. oo 10: 6. 1893. 0. 5 House, Bull. N. Y. St. Mus. ae “254: 27. 1924. 6 Tilton, Fern Lover’s Comp. 87. 1922. SHORTER Nores 113 Recently there has been published an elaborate book on the Wild Flowers of the Alleghanies,” including a check list of the ferns of that region. The latter con- tains data as to the habitats of the several species,* and Asplenium bradleyi is alleged to grow ‘‘usually on lime- stone rocks.’’ Unfortunately, in acknowledging my aid in correcting the proof of that work, its writer inad- vertently failed to mention that considerable material, including that on ferns, was added after I had seen the Proof. This omission places me in the awkward posi- tion of seeming to sponsor the very statement as to the Soil preferences of this fern which I have been trying so hard to correct for the past ten years! For the benefit of future compilers of data on plant habitats, then, I am once more stating the situation with reference to Asplenium bradleyi: As far as authenti- cated records go, this fern never occurs on limestone at all, but is strictly limited to sandstone, quartzite, mica- gneiss, and other siliceous rocks, in the erevices of which decidedly acid soils have accumulated.—Epear T. HERRY, Department of Botany, University of Penn- sylvania. “ium "Harned, Wild Fl, Alleghanies 624. 1931. 8 - These seem to have been compiled from more or less untrust Worthy sources, as many of them are inaceurate or misleading. 114 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL American Fern Society Report of Treasurer for Year 1930 GENERAL FUND RECEIVED Cash one hand Satie 0 ee atneee aes $1,191.39 Membership dues— 27 $1.50 1928 1.50 1929 22.50 1930 423.28 1931 28.35 1932 1.50 $478.63 Subseriptions to Journal 93.92 Emergency Fund—sale of back numbers of the Journal 80.15 Illustrating Fund, Gifts 3.50 Advertising 5.00 st 35.00 Miscellaneous 40 Reprints repaid 14.76 Protested check repaid 1.50 712.86 oe $1,904.25 Pai Our Editor’s Account American Fern Journal Printing 700 copies $281.00 Title page, contents, index, 6 and 8 pt. noon. 36.71 Bxtra. Pages 104.32 Inserts and extra copies No. 2 20.76 Illustrations . 55.26 | ostage, mailing, envelopes, stencils 0.0... 22.40 — Editor’s postage 1.50 = Total eost of Journal $521.95 2 Less credit on 1921 No. 4 6.92 : Net amount paid on Journal account 0.2.00 $515.03 AMERICAN FERN Society 115 Treasurer’s Expense 19.60 Secretary ’s Expense, postage and election .......... 11.10 Reprints from Journal, repaid 14.76 Protested check, repaid 1.5 561.99 PALAWOR ON TIAND 2 $1,342.26 This balance is made up as follows: EMERGENCY FUND : On hand Jan. 1 .... $373.70 Back numbers sold 80.15 On hand Dee. 31 PY ge ILLUSTRATING FUND co a ee 0.00 MM i 3.50 Special order for Herbarium SS POOKES oe cage 25.00 General Fund Witapproprinted o5oo cs oon 859.91 _ $1,342.26 SPECIAL RESERVE FUND On hand Jan. 1 cetceciine @ OREAS Interest received Wirlaricco der oipacacaee stele os csclemecesa eines 47.88 Pelknee on hand Den. '3t $ 973.34 Respectfully submitted, Jay G. UNDERWOOD, Treasurer The Society will hold a fall outing in the Pine Barrens of New Jersey, in cooperation with the Torrey Botanical Club, from Friday evening, September 25th through Sunday, September 27th, 1931. The flora of the Pine Barrens is strikingly different from that of the upland area of the North Atlantic States, Among the ferns are climbing fern (Lygodium 116 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL palmatum) in abundance and the rare curly grass (Schizaea pusilla) ; also Woodwardia virginica, W. areo- lata, Dryopteris simulata and others more generally com- — mon. Many unusual flowering plants, characteristic of the region, may likewise be seen. Field excursions will be held Saturday morning and afternoon and Sunday till mid-afternoon. At evening sessions, Dr. M. A. Chrysler, of Rutgers College, will speak on the characteristic flora of the region, with lantern slides from natural color plates; Mrs. George E. Anderson on its lichens and algae; Mr. A. T. Beals on its mosses; Mr. Raymond H. Torrey on its geology a8 : affecting local ecology; and Dr. William S. Thomas 00 ~ its mushrooms. Brown’s Mills-in-the-Pines, New Jersey, will be head- quarters. It may be reached by bus from New York, Philadelphia, Trenton (the nearest convenient railroad station) and Lakewood. - There are perfect automobile — roads from all directions. Inn charges range from $3. to $4.50 per person per day American plan. Rooms with — private baths one dollar additional. Rooms for single occupancy fifty cents additional. Detailed itinary, with program of events, maps, and a transportation schedules will be furnished to enquirels ” and registrants. Registration must be made, as early ee possible, with the leaders, Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Gavit — Taylor, 6 Beech St., Arlington, N. J. (tel. Kearny 2: . 1139) and 60 Park Place, Newark, N. J. (tel. Mitchell” 2: 1919). ay, Se eee. ee ene Again we are indebted to Mr. W. Herbert Dole for the attractive illustration which accompanies his article. : New member: Dr. H. K. Svenson, Brooklyn Botame Garden, Brooklyn, N. Y. THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB MEMBERSHIP Including Bulletin, Memoirs, and Torreya, $5.00 a year PUBLICATIONS Bulletin. Monthly, established 1870. shies — 00 A, years hapa numbers 40 cents, Of former volumes plied i nabialh Miasinerints intended for basta ns “th e BULLETIN should be addressed to Tracy E. Hazen, Editor, treaty Collewe Columbia University, New York City. Torreya. Bi-m monthly, established 1901. Price, $1.00 a year. Manuscripts intended for publication in TorrEya should be ad- bon ed to Gzorce T. peo Editor, Robbins Place, Yonkers, Memoirs, Occasional, established 1889, Price, $3.00 a volume. oF herrvenaee ry Catalogue of Anthophyta and Pteridophyta within 0 miles of New York City, 1888, Price, $1.00. Subscriptions d other b ti should be < dressed to the ‘reeeucsey sa pea Mf release, Box 42, Scherm: Hall, Columbia University, New Yor ‘eee BOOKS BY THE FOUNDER OF THE AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY Botanical Essays, 112 pp. 23 essays. —— Practical Botany. 214 pp. 110 il. The regular high school course . $1.10 American Plant Names. 248 pp: All the | co ommon names of eastern American plants—1700 of oe the correct technical names. . $4.25 Fern Altes of North America. 288 pp- 156 ill. s Ty. UOUk 0 " Our ee in their scsi 333 pp. 225 ill. The Standard work: 505? pes et $3.50 ara pee N. CLUTE & sity Butler University, Indianapo ane Science Press Tinting Company Printers of Scientific and Educational Journals, Monographs and Books Diformtinis turtstecd ance acuttee Lime and Green Sts., Lancaster, Penna. JAQUES cay TELL Secret : beniticd THE BRYOLOGIST PUBLISHED BY THE SULLIVANT MOSS SOCIETY The only magazine in English bear 5 pg to Mosses, Hepatics and Lichens. 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Vol. 21 October-December, 1931 No. see American Hern Journal A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO FERNS Published by the / AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY j Bf ae sa | EDITORS R. C. BENEDICT E. J. WINSLOW Cc. A. WEATHERBY Bd CONTENTS 1930 Washington Fern Notes J. W. Tuomrson 117 Botrychiums of the Central States............-- E. W. Graves 125 Tropical American Isoetes T. C. Pater 132 New Tropical American Ferns--VIIL.........-. W. R. Maxon 136 Recent Fern Literature +139 Second Station use for Asplenium montanum in tts c S. W. Barmey 140 American Fern Netiety 5 eee 144 Index to Volume 21 wwe 149 Siggar enn ee ee Oe SEE ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION, $1.25: FOREIGN, $1.35 LIME & GREEN STS.. LANCASTER, PA. . AUBURNDALE, MASS. Under the rs Second-class matter at the post office at Lancaster, 04 7t\ Rr Tate of oaue = of March 3, 1879. Acceptance for mailing at’ sar ®Uthorizeg coos Drovid Act of October 3, 191%" Sr 4 on July & ~ Baga in section 1103, bed a Che American Hern Soriety Counril for 1931 OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR Wituiam R, Maxon, Smithsonian Institution, Wane ae o en _ CartoTta C. Hatt, Stanford University, Calif., Vice- resin Rev. C. 8. Lewis, Trinity Rectory, Plattsburg, N. Yen Seer J. G. UNDERWOOD, Hartland, Vt aoe OFFICIAL ORGAN American Fern Journal EDITORS Raupu ©. BEeNeEpIct................ 1819 Dorchester ateer Brookizs, N. Y, E. J. Wousstow urndale, Mass. C. A. WEATHERBY aes Mass. An illustrated quarterly devoted to the general study of ferns. Subscription, $1.25 per year, foreign, 10 cents extra; sen fr to members of the AMERICAN FERN pours (annual dues, $1.50; ie membership, $25.00). Extracted reprints, if order - advance, will be furnished authors at cost. They ea be order aie: nee is returned. Volume I, six numbers, * 00; other bigpinn $1.25 — i Vol time, the borrower paying all postal o ress ges Tb pages of tay Jo e open to mente tho wish to arrang® Ampriran Bern Journal Vou. 22 JANUARY-MARCH, 1932 No. 1 oe Distribution of the Ferns of Wyoming Leo A. HANNA The author served in the Rocky Mountain Herbarium of the University of W. roming as personal research assistant to Dr. Aven Nelson during the years 1929- 1930. It was his good fortune to have an opportunity to study the specimens of ferns in the Rocky Mountain Herbarium and to review class riotes from a number of lectures delivered by the late Dr. Edwin B. Payson. he key to the ferns as adapted to this paper was origi- nally worked out by Elias Nelson. Dr. Payson made a number of changes. Many of the notes upon the several senera as well as numerous citations represent the work of Dr. E. B. Payson. (Herbarium numbers allude to Specimens of the Rocky Mountain Herbarium.) KEY To THE FERNS (POLYPODIACEAE) OF WYOMING “ Lower surface of the leaves covered with a dense tomentum, Yo indusium present (or if present, then inconspicuous). ¢. Leaves simply pinnatifid or once pinnate. 3. Polypodium ce. Leaves at least twice pinnate or pinnatifid. d. No indusium present; large ferns, leaves -— Om. lec Athyrium a . [Volume 21, No. 4, of the Journal, pages 117-152, plates 10- 7 Was issued Dec. 2, 1931.] AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL dd. Inconspicuous indusium present; medium-sized ferns, leaves rarely over 3 dm. | and spreading on every side of Be sorus. . Woodsia ee. Leaves perfectly glabrous; tases m_ at- tached at one side and thrown back by ripening sporan a 6. Cystopteris bb. Indusium Serigad formed either the rea leaf mar- gin or from epidermal cells not attached to the margin. ce. Indusium formed from cua leaf margin. ge ferns, leaves 50-200 em. long; mip stout, pale brown or straw-colored......... 7. Pieri dd. Small ferns of rock slides and cliffs, see rarely 20 em. long. e. Bases of the stipes involved in copious rown hairlike seales; pinnules ovate or lanceolate .... 8. Pellaea Bases of the stipes not conspicuously hairy or Sebald at least the fertile pinnules linear inear-lanceolate .....0..0..9. Orne Indusium formed from epidermal cells not connec i with the margin of the lea é d. Sori round or near eé. is) S 0. ae €. Leaves simply pinnate, pinnae pier: : 10. olystichum ae ee. Leaves at least twice Pp h. Le DISTRIBUTION OF FERNS OF WYOMING 3 hh. Leaves perfectly glabrous; in- dusium attached at one side and thrown back by the ripen- ing spor fon ret 6. Cystopteris dd. Sori elongated or linear, not round. e. Leaves twice pinnate or pinnatifid; sori usually more or less lunate or ve ked. 4. Athyrium ee. Leaves once pinnate or linear and forked. 12. Asplenium (Credit for the key is ascribed to the Department of Botany, University of Wyoming 1. CHEILANTHES Swartz. Lip Fern 1. CHEILANTHES FEEI Moore. Cheilanthes lanuginosa Nutt. Common in the crevices of dry rocks. Sonoran and Transition zones. Specimens examined: Barnum, Johnson County, A. Nelson, 272 ; ; Guernsey, A. Nelson, 9202; Platte Canyon, Natrona state Goodding, 127; Platte River, A. Nel- Son, 494; Hills east of Laramie, Buffum, 1197 ; Laramie Hills, E. Nelson, 442; Laramie Hills, A. Nelson, 8106. Cheilanthes Peale. This fern has been collected in the foothills of Larimer County, Colorado. Cheilanthes gracillima, This fern occurs in central daho and southwestern Montana. 2. Nornouagna R. Br. Cloak Fern 1. Nornouarna FENDLERI Kuntze. Ty rock erevices. Upper Sonoran or Transition es, Specimens examined: Crow Creek Canyon, E. N elson, 3. Potypopium L. Polypody T Pouyroprom voueare L. Polypodium hesperium Maxon, Proe. Biol. Soc. Wash. 00. 1921. . . 4 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL The plant occurring in Wyoming is not quite typical P. vulgare. Maxon considers it a different species, while Fernald in Rhodora 24: 137. 1922, treats it as the variety columbianum Gilbert of P. vulgare. At this time only one collection is known from Wyoming; Crow Creek, Laramie Hills, A. Nelson, 8902. 4. Atuyrium Roth. Lady Fern Indusium vestigial, rarely at all evident. Sori round 1. Athyrium alpestre Indusium more evident. Sori usually somewhat elongated and eurved or hooked 2. Athyrium Filix-femina 1. ATHYRIUM ALPESTRE (Hoppe) Rylands. The form occurring in Wyoming is the variety amert- canum Butters (Rhodora 19: 204. 1917). This variety was raised to specific rank by Maxon, as Athyrium americanum (Butters) Max., Am. Fern Jour. 8: 120. 1918. At present this plant is known from but one locality in Wyoming. It is to be expected in other places, however, as there are specimens in the hérbarium from nia Colorado and western Montana. Specimen examined: Glacial cliff, Teton Mountains. Men ‘ll and Wilcox, 1032. 2. ATHyRIuM Fintx-remina (L.) Roth. Asplenium Filiz-femina (l.) Bernh. The relationships of the American forms of this species are treated by Butters in Rhodora 19: 170-207, 1917. The Wyoming forms are intermediate between typical A. Filiz-femina and the variety californicwm Butters. Specimens examined: Vicinity of the Big Horn Moun- tains, July-August, 1897, 7. A. Williams, collected specimens from floatin logs; Leigh’s Lake, Jackson ’s on, Renee Merril and Wilcox, 920; Jackson’s Hole, A. Bi § « DISTRIBUTION OF FERNS OF WYOMING 5 5. Woopsta R. Br. Leaves conspicuously pubescent and glandular; lobes of the in- dusium narrow, but not beaded 1. Woodsia scopulina Leaves finely glandular or sometimes glabrous; lobes of the in- dusium linear and beaded 2. Woodsia oregana 1. Woopsta scoputina D.C. Eat. A common fern of rather dry situations. Transition to Canadian zones. (Sometimes found nearly at the timber line.) pecimens examined: Teepee Creek hills, Big Horn Mts., Willits, 474; headwaters of Clear Creek and Crazy Woman River, Tweedy, 3544, 3547; along the Snake River, 20 miles south of Jackson, Merrill and Wilcoz, 939; Laramie Peak. A. NV elson, 1594; Centennial Hills, A. Nelson, 1682; Bridger Peak, Goodding, 1953. 2. Woopsta orEGANA D.C. Eat. At present this plant is known from but a single sta- tion in Wyoming: Sundance Mt., Crook County, A. Nel- Son, 2153. It is noted that the leaves are somewhat thicker than in scopulina. 6. Cystopreris Bernh. Brittle Fern 1. Cystopreris FRAGILIS (L.) Bernh. Pilix fragilis (L.) Underw. ‘he commonest fern of Wyoming. It occurs in the Transition, Canadian, and Hudsonian zones. It is often Confused with Woodsia. Specimens examined: Myan Kara Mt., Carter; Sun- danee Creek, A. Nelson, 2113; Wolf Creek Canyon, A. r River » Tweedy, 3545; Moose Falls, Yellowstone Park, A. and E. Nelson, 6577, 657 8; Yellowstone Canyon, Oleson, §91a; Teton Mts. near Leigh’s Lake, Merrill and Wilcoz, 57; Mexico mines, A. Nelson, 587; Lincoln Gulch, A. ; Nelson, 2606; Pole Creek, A. Nelson, 97; La Plata _ Mines, 2. Welson, 5122; Leucite Hills, Merrill and Wil- 6 AMERICAN’ FERN JOURNAL 7. Preris L. Bracken Fern 1. PTERIS AQUILINA L. Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. The Wyoming plant is rather intermediate between the eastern P. aquilina and the western P. aquilina, vari- ety pubescens (Underw. ) Kuntze. Wyoming specimens examined: Gibbon Canyon, Yel- lowstone Park, A. and E. Nelson, 6733; Leigh’s Lake, Merrill and Wilcox, 923; Jackson’s Hole, " between Jenny and Leigh’s Lake, "Payson and Payson, 2275; Laramie Peak, A. Nelson, 1601, 7518; Centennial Valley, A. - son, 2662 ; Jordan’s ranch, “Alpine, Payson and strong, 3486. 8. Penuaba Link. Cliff Brake At least the upper pinnae of the leaf usually entire; stipes slen- der, .5 to .75 mm. in diameter, sometimes marked ‘transversely, but not usually Eee off near the seer . Pellaea glabella U pper pinnae usually two- -parted; stipes rather ne about 1 mm. thick, usually marked near the base with transverse depr ressions along which the stipes break easily 2. Pellaea Brewert 1. PELLAEA GLABELLA Mett. Pellaea eee occidentalis E. Nels. Fern Bull. 7: 30, 9. Pellaea fee: wai ee: Rydberg ; Underw. Na- tive Ferns, p. 98, 1900. Pellaea pumila ee Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1:4 a oo This plant occurs in the Transition zone. It is closely related to Pellaea atropurpurea of the eastern states and may be only a distinct variety. Specimens examined: Headwaters of Clear Creek and Crazy Woman River, Tweedy, 3546; Loomis Creek, Na- trona County, Goodding, 183 ; Laramie Hills, A. Nelsom, 1919; Laramie Hills, A. and E. Nelson, 6837. DISTRIBUTION OF FERNS OF WYOMING Be: 2. PELLAEA Brewert D. C. Eat. Rock crevices. Transition, Canadian, and Hudsonian zones. 3 Specimens examined: Hoback River Canyon, Payson and Payson, 3066; Sheep Mt. (Ferry Peak) near AI- pine, Payson and Armstrong, 3649; Piney Mt., Payson a wen, 2708; Leucite Hills, Merrill and Wilcoz, 9. CryprocraMMA R.Br. Rock Brake All the leaves usually spore-bearing, essentially alike; stipes dark brown 1. Cryptogramma densa Leaves distinetly of two kinds, the spore-bearing taller and the _ pinnae narrower; stipes green or straw-colored. | 2. Cryptogramma acrostichoides 1. CRYPTOGRAMMA DENSA (Brack.) Diels. Pellaea densa Hook. Cheilanthes siliquosa Maxon, Am. Fern. Jour. 8: 116, 1918 Canadian zone. As far as the specimens of the Rocky Mountain Herbarium show, this species has been col- leeted but once in Wyoming. This was from Glacier Creek, Teton Mountains, Payson and Payson, 2266 Elias Nelson reports it from the ‘‘Teton Range’’ in the Fern Bulletin 7: 30, 1899. Probably it was reported from there by Brandegee. 2. CryprocramMa acrosticHowss R. Br. Common in rock slides. Hudsonian and Aretic- Alpine zones, i Specimens examined: Little Goose Creek hills, A. Nel- mote 2340; Obsidian cliff, Yellowstone Park, Payson and 1 Yson, 3103 ; Upper Geyser Basin, Blankinship; Gib- bon meadow Yellowstone Park, A. & E. Nelson, 6191; *ton Mts, Owen ; Jackson’s Hole, A. Nelson, 950; Mts., Merrill and Wilcor, 1066; Grand Teton, and Payson, 2235; Medicine Bow Mts., Good-- 8 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL ding, 2050; Battle Lake Mt., A. Nelson, 4222. Dr. E. . Payson ‘observed this fern in abundance at Cotton- wood Lake, east of Smoot. 10. Potysticnum Roth. Holly Fern Polystichum mohrioides, variety scopulinum. Wer: nald in Contr. Gray Herb. 72 (Rhodora 26) : 92 gives an account of this fern. Though reported from the Teton Canyon of Idaho, probably it actually occurred in Wyoming. 1. Potysticuum Lonecnimis (L.) Roth. Canadian zone. Specimens examined: Teton Mts., near Leigh’s Lake, Merrill & Wilcox, 1081; Teton Mts., above Jenny Lake, Payson and Payson, 2991. Salt River Mts. east of reer Payson and Armstrong, 3278; Battle Lake Mt., A. Nel- son, 4240; Bridger Peak, Goodding, 1936. 11. Drroprerts Adans. 1. Dryopreris Fiax-mas (L.) Sw. Male Fern. Canadian zone. lenin examined: Dale Creek, Roth; Chimneys of Pedro Mountains, Natrona County, Gooddin g, 119: ee Peak, A. ‘Nelson, 7558; Ragged Top, A. Nelson, 12. AspLENIuUM L. Spleenwort Leaves linear, irregularly forking......... 1. Asplenium septentrionale Leaves broader, a oval or oblong Stipe brownish near base, rachis green.....2. Aspleniwm viride Stipe and saa brownish geen: 3. Asplenium Trichomanes 1. ASPLENIUM SEPTENTRIONALE (L.) Hoffm. Belvisia septentrionalis Mirb. Transition zone. DISTRIBUTION OF FERNS oF WYOMING 9 Specimens examined: Dry granite cliffs, Crow Creek, Laramie Hills, Aven Nelson, 8900; Granite rocks, Fish Creek, Albany. ens near the Colorado line, Payson & Payson, 250 2. ASPLENIUM vIRIDE Hudson. . zone. Specimens examined: Teton National Forest, Brande- gee; eee Summit, Teton Pass, Merrill & Wilcor, 1181. 3. ASPLENIUM TRICHOMANES Li. Maidenhair Spleenwort. eae zone. Specimens examined: Dry ones cliffs, Crow Creek, Albany Domiae A. Nels., 8 The map accompanying this article is self-explana- tory. It is sufficient to say that it is. an attempt to show graphically the distribution of the ferns of Wyoming. CoNcLUSION At the present time it is known that the eighteen Species of ferns above listed are indigenous to the area Included within the state of Wyoming and that the additional species, Polystichum mohrioides, Cheilanthes endleri, and Cheilanthes gracillima, will probably be found within the limits of the state. It will be noted that there are four areas characterized by a relatively teat abundance of species of ferns, the Teton Moun- tains, the Laramie Hills, the Big Horn Mountains, and the Medicine Bow Mountains. It is significant that few _ & no ferns have been reported from the Salt River, Wind River, Absoroka, and Uinta Mountains. _ GRANGeR, WYomina. » OO mye] AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VOLUME 22, PLate 1 MT ,.<- onoalowaer pia ee ee A ee ey a ' tn eee = eee oe ee eee ; ' LEN eisaae PASS \ oe m i Converse ii obraral”y ‘ 4— H " hak ¢ Doug 7a 4 ! = -- ‘ec ‘ : | ’ . i : or i H { wy Li coln 4 Sweet Water to be only an abnormal form of Leptochilus lomarioides® Blume, a fern common in the Indian Peninsula, throughout Malesia and the oe eee and northward to Liu-Kiu, Tonkin and South Chi As a genus, Lomagramma distinguishes itself from other related genera by a wide-scandent habit, the articulate pinnae with reticulated venation, and by the absence of lateral main veins. Fronds stipitate and adherent to the rhizome; lamina oblong or oblong- lanceolate, simply pinnate or rarely bipinnate, pinnae articulate to the rachis and easily detached; venation anastomosing in 2 to several series between the margin and costa, of angular oblique areoles without free in- cluded veinlets as in some of the species of Bolbitis, to which the present genus is closely related, and like, that, probably of a meniscioid origin. As hinted above, Lomagramma J. Sm. has hitherto been considered as an exclusively Asiatie genus, repre- senting about half a dozen’ good species, all natives of the tropical countries. However, our attention was called long ago to the unnatural systematic position of Leptochilus guianensis (Aublet) by Dr. Carl Christen- sen,” who, having noticed the peculiarly articulated pinnae and the wide-scandent rhizome, was then of the opinion that it should be segregated as a distinct genus. 4 Species Filicum 5: 269, 1864. 5 Historia Filieum 141. 1875. 6 Enumeratio plant. Javae, ete., 206. 1828. 7 As construed here, Lomagramma does not include the free- veined species, always with bipinnate to tripinnatifid leaves. They are of Arthrobotrya J. Sm American Boscia: of Leptochilus sect. Bolbitis, im Botanisk Tidsskrift 26: 2. Hefte, p. 286. 1904.’ ; THE GENUS LOMAGRAMMA IN AMERICA 17 Speaking systematically, Leptochilus guianensis (Aublet) appears so well associated with the Asiatic Lomagramma lomarioides (Bl.) J. Sm. in many re- Spects, that, apart from the geographical distinction, it can safely be distinguished from the Asiatic species only by the coadunately binnatifid Jeaf-apex, the more or less cuneate base of the shortly stalked lower pinnae and by the rufous-brown scales on rhizome, and on rachis and costa beneath, the latter of which are rather sparingly ‘Sealy. On the other hand, the Asiatie species has impari-pinnate leaves, truneate or rotundo-truncate ses- sile pinnae and copiously shaggy fuscous larger scales on rachis and bullate ones on the costa beneath. Both Species, however, agree in having the rachis more or less narrowly winged, particularly towards the apex, in stipes and rachis being broadly channeled on the upper side and in very thin herbaceous texture. The venation- patterns are essentially alike, except that the American Species has more often open areoles towards the margin and prominently clavate tips of the veinlets. Having so far briefly reviewed both generically and Specifically, I feel it, now, safe enough to conclude that Leptochilus guianensis (Aublet) C. Chr. is a Loma- gramma J. Sm., and it is very closely related to L. lomarioides (Bl.) J. Sm. from Asia, and, therefore, to Propose the following nomenclatural change: LomacramMa guianensis (Aublet) Ching, comb. nov. Polypodium guianense Aublet, Hist. Pl. Guian. 2: 962. 1775. Leptochilus guianensis C. Chr. Bot. Tidssk. 26: 286. 1904, For further synonyms, ©. Chr. Index Fil., p. 385, may _ be referred to. Thus, Lomagramma guianensis (Aublet) is the first American species of the genus, known heretofore only 18 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL from Asia. The fern is said to be common in the south- ern Brazil, and is besides known from Guiana, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola and Cuba. Like its Asiatic sister species, the present fern is a tall climber (6-10 m.), growing in damp shaded places, running over rocks or high trees in tropical forests. Furthermore, like most other scandent ferns, it is also rather rarely to be found in the fertile state. In closing, it may be stated that, as perhaps might reasonably be expected, the two phyletically related genera, Bolbitis Schott and Lomagramma J. Sm. are found, today, represented by species in the New World as well as the Old, with a far greater number in Asia. On the other hand, the other three closely related gen- era, Leptochilus Klf., Selliguea Bory (S. Feei Bory), and Colysis Presl (C. membranacea Presl), each repre- sented in Asia by a dozen or so species, are not yet known in the New World. This shows that the last three genera, being polypodioid ferns in (or towards) a coenosorous state, are phyletically wide apart from the first two, and that Leptochilus Kf. is not at all related to Bolbitis Schott (Campium Presl), as often supposed by authors, but its affinity to the other two genera, pat- ticularly Colysis, is very close or rather so close that the generic delimitation of the one from the other is, m MY mind, by no means a clear-cut one, as I shall show in the near future. NANKING, CHINA. GOEBEL’s ‘‘RoratMa FERNS’’ 19 Goebel’s ‘‘Roraima Ferns’! C. V. Morton Although it is now several years since Goebel’s paper on some Roraima ferns was published, no review of it has hitherto appeared in the AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL. hy paper by Professor Goebel is, of course, deserving of serious study by all botanists, but this one is of par- ticular interest, and the present somewhat extended account may not be inappropriate. The introduction to the paper gives a brief summary of explorations of Mt. Roraima. The summit, the divid- ing point between British Guiana, Venezuela, and Bra- ail, is one of the most floristically interesting regions in the world. Quoting im Thur rn, ‘‘The district of Roraima is an oasis clothed with vegetation distinct from that of the country which immediately surrounds m...: The percentage of endemic species is very high, Plants are here subjected to extreme climatic conditions: strong winds, comparatively low tempera- tures, intense light, excessively high humidity and daily downpours of rain. The chief interest of the paper lies in the description of a new genus of ferns, Hymenophyllopsis, of doubtful affinity. The genus is described from plants collected by Dr. Ph. von Luetzelburg, who gives the Indian com- mon name as Curacumurdé. Goebel remarks that either the plant must be very common in order to have attracted the attention of the natives (for it is small and to the untutored eye without any very striking charac- teristics) or that it must be possessed of medicinal prop- erties. The latter is perhaps the case since the fern is : Seepage XVIII Roraimafarne, by K. Goebel, in Flora n. ser. 24: 1-3 20 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL found to be very rich in tannin. The species is described in German and illustrated with numerous anatomical: drawings. 8 Gannett, L. s, 120 East 16th St., New York C 1928 Gaylord, Ars. Tisien N: aa. 2208 ies pee Long o 1924 P.O. Box 3733, West Palm Beach, Fla. ................ 1924 Galdie, € Ose, Curtis a School, — Brighton, N. Y....... 1930 Golding, Mrs. Ada, Mill BR: 1925 nha Prot “Alfred 8. Denk of Rear Amherst College, 1921 mher t, Mass. Goo Pin n, De. Edward H. sal siege ee Vir aicesee 1930 Gordon, Miss 8 ue S., Liver MOTO; Mat cia 1926 Graves, Edward W., ’Bentonsport, I 1917 Gray, Rev. Frederick , Marlinton, W. ae ao a are ae 1923 Greene, F. C., 1434 Cincinnati Ave., Tulsa, Okl Sit AOS Greene, Henry J ewett, ‘Green To p,?? Petevalask, “Mass. ...... 1929 Griffin, Miss Margaret, 324 ioaray. Apt. 506, Paterson, at er ee AS aie ae 1930 eid oe Dt Abel Joel, 1 Vine S8t., New Brighton, Staten RS ON a se i ha ee ee 1910 pe Me Eugene J. (Anna K.), 29 School St., Lebanon, = Grubb, Prof. fae come 417 Briggs St., Harrisburg, Pa. 1905 Gruber, C. "Ly, Kut wn, Pa, sci 1907 Haas, Dr. Flora Anderson, Soe State Teachers’ Col- < lege, Normal a Nene, ‘Conw r =o ee Hall, Miss Anna 103 Macon St. Bro n, N. ¥ oes 1929 Hall, Mrs. Carlotis’ C., Carnegie ina inured Uni- WOME OWN. ein eerie ee 19 . 192 Halsey, Miss rag Garrison-on-Hudson, N. Y. . Hanna, Leo A., The Great Divide Exp. Station, “Granger, Haring, Mrs. H. A. (Inez M.), Woodland, Ulster Co., N. Y. 1930 Harper, Sha Robert Almer, Columbia. University, New OT OM io a ee 1913 Hart, Bertrand a = Dudley St., Fall River, Mass.........--- 192 Hartline, Mrs S., State Teachers’ College, Box 14, Bloom cae P . 1910 st Edwin cape ey, 91 Howe St., New Have en, ‘Conn. 1923 Hazen, Dr. Tracy Elliot, Columbia University, New Yor és eerman, F, M., 272 President Ave., Providence. meta 1930 Heermance, Miss bee ra W., 354 Edward St., New Haven, 1923 925 nn. Hensley, J. D., 240 Forsythe St., Beaumont, Texas 1 Hewitt, Mrs. Judith a: West 82nd St., New 7 Yok City Highton, W.1L., 77 Roseville Ave., New: ark, No oe 19 man, Harry W., 1320 a 63rd St. “Seattle, Wash. ...... 1932 Hobbs, a Jobn KE, 2933 Whitney Ave., Mount Carmel, Hombersley, Archdeacon A., Port-of-Spain, Trinidad . ~ Hopkins, Prof. Lewis S., Culver-Stoekton College, Canton, Mo. House, Dr. Homer Dolliver, Rowe Bldg., Albany, N. Y. Howard, Miss Grace E., Dept. of Botany, Wellesley College, Well esley, Mass. Howe, Dr. Marshall Avery, New York Botanical Garden, New Y. rk ss 1911 Yor Huber, F. F., Farmers’ National Bank, Pennsburg, Pa... 1926 Hudson, Charles, Garfield P ark Conservatory, i alee Til. 1931 Humphrey, Geo eorge Se fine 32 Liberty St., New York City 1911 peetewe!, Francis Welles, 5 University Hall, Cambridge, eee 915 Hutchinson, pe Susan W., 724 South Orange Drive, Los 1923 = Mrs. E. H., 309 North 22nd St., Portland, Safi 1930 James, Mrs ae Iter B., 7 East 70th Bt Shits York, Ni Yeu 1921 Jayne, Miss Addie, Ham mpton Institut 1925 Jennings, Dr. Otto Emery, Carn meg Areal Pittsburgh, Pa, 1911 Junberg, Sture as 1069 78th St., Brooklyn, N.Y. oc Jurica, Hilary , St. Procopius College, Linke, 1h 1919 Kamm, Mrs. Oliver (Minnie W.), 571 Washington Rd., Gro osse’ Pointe, Mich; 3 ee 1922 Kaufman, Miss Palin, 83 Argyle Ave., New Rochelle, N.Y. 1900 Keeler, Mrs. L. M., P. 0. Box 273, Searsdale, N. Yoon Keffer, Dr. ahs L 5971 Drexel Ra, , Philadelphia, Pa...... 1930 Kelsey, Harlan P., East Boxfor etic 1921 Kelton, Mrs. Geor orge H, (Ru rea’ acne Mass. ........ 1926 priser, fobs ae Le Clos sotollé, Chailly Leas Lau asst on Kiaden, oii TT, Miltcor, Mase. ccc cccccciecsccmesettrtesstetmeentmerte 1921 Eilip, Ellsworth P., "U. 9. National Museum, Washington, mS ee all, Miss Taos F., 1515 L Ave., National ‘City, ‘San _ Diego Co., Cal. 1897 Bees, ‘asia N. B., 538 Locust Ave., “Germantown, Phila- iis hid, Pa, Kine, Miss E. M., North Ferrisburg, V 1922 Kna Mire The co. . We ellie C.), 9995 Tilden St, Kni Knowlto on, Clarence Hinckley, Hingham, Mass. 000-00 y, Hing am, obbé, Frederick W., 1155 Park Ave., New York, N. Y.. 1931 ei. Mrs, par pe P., 333 North Sandusky St., Dela- gan s dite or, Mic Lee, ay Ev va M., pesilr, “Crofton Lane, “Orpington, ment, England oo 6 8, Arthur N., 5321 Baynton St., Germantown, Phila- “a ge » Pa. Ne 1921 Lillibridge, Miss Amey A., 429 Lloyd Ave., Providence, R. I. 1921 Lip Ppl a Miss Rebecca C., 122 “West Main St., Moores- 'N. J. ao age Lite h, C. M., 14 Burnap St., Fitchburg, Mass. ......---cssse . 1916 Little, Elber ts, hy Southwestern Teachers’ College, Wea therford, "Ok! ee 1927 Logue, Dr. Eve rett te i601 Almon St. Pabareaes 7 Pa, sw 1980 Lombard, Dr. Rober , Box 293 , Ashburnh BSG 1916 ene Bayard, 250 hades. Rd., Elkins Park: Pili ae ERS See aah ener atc veeint coreg Sinem Orem Generar ec | Luan: ‘Gault. Casilla 5542, Santiago, Chile... 1928 tLowe, Mrs, Frank E. (Rachel L ), The aime’, Portland, a Mai Lownes, re tt E., 69 Manning St., Providence, R. I. ......... 1924 Lyness, Arthur §., 45 River Road, Tow. wa City, Lowa. han eee 1931 Lyon, Dr. Harold ‘Lloyd, P. O. Box 411, Honolulu, H. 1......... 1911 McAvoy, Miss Blanche, 206 South Main St., Norwal, Il. ...... 1920 roy Allan, Jr., Coleraine, ibn tone ’ Australia cea 1925 McColl, W. R., 819 Second oe East, Owen Sound, Ontario 1917 MacFadden, Mrs. J. aie 1 La Tuna, Canyon Rd., Roscoe, MeFarand Prof. Frank T., Dept. of Botany, University of Kentueky, peneat on, Ky. phd, Be MeLean, ‘Dr. F. T., New York Botanical Garden, Bronx ark, ity. Mackenzie, ae h K., 615 a St. ; Maplewood, "N. J. 1923 brash Perry D » Springbrook, oS a 9 ansfield , Mrs. Bessie R., Box 957, Westboro, Mass. .......-- 1921 pear ld, William, Oultege of ed Blades Aithany, N.Y. 1922 ao, John E., 1313 Garfield Ave. South Pasadena, Cal. 1928 k, Miss Clar. ara G., 270 South State St. Midiagesat ee, Ohio 1913 Marsh Spence rS., Midwood Terrace, Madiso n, N. a5 1927 Mar: Spencer S., Midwood Ter race, Madiso ey “J. 1927 Matthews, 3 rity Florence W., 548 Santa Clara ae. "Berke- Cal Maxon, Dr. William Ralph, U. S. National sgaytaaelt Wash- ingt Maxson, Miss Persis i, cn High St., Krockton, Mass _ 1930 May, Dr. James , Roo s 1 and 2, \irst National ‘Bank Bldg. Mendelson, Dr. Walter, 639 Church Lane, Germantown, - Philadelphia, Pa. 02 enone en 910 Merrill, page aoe East Hiram, Main _ 1906 Miner, "Mrs. bn L. (Bess B,), 1 Maher Oh Greeks saad Conn seeeeccceserecoenssecessenerey® Mirick, Miss Nellie, 232 —- Walnut St., Oneida, N. Y. .. 1896 Mohr, Charles E. L, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pa, .... 1930 Mol, Mrs ie vey E ; Ro Road, 1932 Monks, Mrs. Samuel M., 415 Prospect Ave. serbia Conn, 1927 Monroe, Prof. Will S., R. No. 3, Waterbur Moo e, Dr. George T., Sorbent Botanical Aiclses ‘St. “Louis, sak annadsnnspcedescssereoe Mo. More, Miss Eleanor, St. Johnsbury House, St. Phen ee Vt. . 1931 6 Morse, Prof. A. P. Aebgernd Museum, Salem, — eee 1925 Moss, Mrs. C. E., Box 1 176, Johannesburg, Sou h Africa aoe 1916 Mottier, Dr. David Myers, Indiana ri ch Blooming- ton, Ind. ...... 1911 Mousle ey, H., 4073 Tupper St., Westmount, Montreal, Canada 1920 sy Robert 8 Seis son Physical Lab., University of cago, Chica ago ‘ 1927 a Prof. "Phi ilip A., 146 Indian Head Blvd., Claremont, 1 Newell, Chauncey Jackson, Alstead, N. H. 1902 Nich holson, Miss Zaida, 43 "East 27th St., New York City........ 1931 Noyes, Miss Elmira Elsie, 912 Brandon Ave., Norfolk, Va. 1893 Oliphant, Roy L., 98 Glen Ave., Oakland, Cal. c0ccccconnns 1930 Oliver, Miss Mary H., 270 8. St mes ie Westerville, Ohio........ 1920 Osborne, Mrs. Lydia A., 96 Win p St, Winthrop, Mass 1924 Loge = of. anes Vincent, pp sieht College, Am- herst, Mas 1901 Osterind, ie 131 Proher — St., peed York City 1920 Otis, Ira C., 4320 ,N. E., Seattle, Wash. rein 1921 Ottley, Prot, Alcs M., 7 hover Ea, Wellesley, Mazz... 1930 aha Miss Minni ie L., 127 Robineau Rd., Syracuse, Palmer, Ernest Jesse, 321 South Allen St., Webb City, Mo. 1909 Palmer, = oe alkley, Delaware County Institute of Science e, Me Palmer, ‘Dr, "The eo, Sherman, 1939 Biltmore ‘St., N. W,, Washington, D: Gc a ae agama , Mrs. Wheeler H., Davenport Neck, New Rochelle, . Perry 2 Mrs. ‘Robert Dunlap, Brunswick, Main Peterson, Mrs. E., Route 2, Box 759, Miami, Fla. se .D., Hixton, Wis Phair, Miss Gertrude G., 304 East 19th St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 1916 Hise, P rot, Fermen Layton n, Ph.D., State College of Wash- ullman, Wash. 914 Pl att Mise Dera Pi 145 East 49th St., New York ‘City 1926 Plitt, Charles Christian, 3933 Lowndes Ave., Baltimore, Md. 1898 ond, Bremer Whidden, 250 Stuart St., Bo ee 1910 Ss orter, Miss May N. ve., White Plains, N y. _ 1929 Potter, Miss Mabelle A., Rowe, Mass .. 1928 Pretz, Harold W., 123 South 17th St., Allentown, Pa..... 1909 Prince, Prof. S. Fred, Reed’s Spring, Stone Co., Mo... 1905 giley, Frank M., Pittaford, N, Y. $$ 1926 Quinn, James J., Winchester, Mass. coc cumveoenr-ernrenermnmoe 1929 Radlo, Miss Dora ae 32 Cherry St., North Adams, Mass. . . 1894 Ransier, Herbert arl, Manlius, N.Y. ccvccsewncmmnsnennnn 1902 ka, Miss Cra 2114 1 149th St., Whitestone, N. Y. ........-- 19 Razek, Mrs Frances, 6252 Wi ssahickon Ave., Germantown, oe Philadelphi a: Pe oe Redelings, Dr. T. J., Marinette, Wis 1929 Redles, George, 207 East Winter St., Germantown, Phila- del Reupke, i s “3624 North Oakley ies: —, Hee Rhodes, Charles Orman, Box 366, Grot a LG en aS ——— ae Margaret DD 670 Willey Sti wma gee st: las H. H., 25 Cottage a Brookline, Mass, .....ccccusso Ridlon, Har ary Co ooper Bennington, Vt. ..... Rippey, M R. C., East Sherdeas St., Portland, Ore. ...... Roberts, Miss Ra Weight 520 Roberts Ave., Syracuse, Robertson, Carl T., 1626 Holyrood Rd., N. E., Cleveland, Rooney Mrs. Frank (Anna K.), 810 East 40th St., Brook- 1 1913 1931 1896 . 1929 one 1930 . 1915 1921 ceil 916 Ross, Miss Marjorie errs Pi Ere! St., Ithaca, N. Yo2.- 1927 tRossberg, William B., B St., New B ritain, Conn. 1911 Rugg, Harold Goddard, Dartoouen College, Hanover, N. H. 1906 Rust, Miss Sarah H., 6 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. .........---0-- 1922 Sadler, Miss Nellie M., 429 Westcott St., Syracuse, N. Y..... 1926 Sanford, “eau ee Newton Folius, P. O. Box 702, Fall River, sta Sau anders, ag cg E., 454 7th ee Petenaneg igs Je 1929 Saunder: 0 Central Ave. 5 Ontario... 1928 Schaffner, Pret. .: ne H., Ohio hile University, pina i ee a Seine es asega rein ntiete embargo seins 1920 Scott, — Willard, ee sagen St., Brookline, Mass. ......... 1917 Sharpe, Dr. M. R , Uxb rid . 1929 Slifer, ee Waiter E., 36 Southern Parkway, Rochester, oe a ee 1928 Smith, Albert ar New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, 13et Smith, "itr, Cora, Roe, The Pines, rg ie, N.Y. eos 1928 Smith, Ewart G., 147 High St., Christ Church, New Zealand 1927 Smith, Mrs. Prank Cy Tr. 32) Cedar St., Wore ester, Mass. 1931 Snavlin, Mrs. C. T., 300 Greenwood Place, Syracuse, N. Y. 1929 Snow, E. W., 198 2 \ din e St., Roches r, N. B Piet eens oe 8 1930 Sohol, —_ Eva, oo Ea ate 3rd St., foal York says 2 1gs2 a n ’Ave., Superi r, Wis ie 1923 Standley, paar ampente, Field Museum of Naineal His- ; tory, Chicago, TR. on a 915 Starker, Pine yaaa Lodge, Ore. se 1931 Starry, David E., 403 ng fall, State College, Pa. 1931 Steagall, Mies Mary M., 808.8. "Illinois Ave. cs Carbondale, vue Stearns, Mrs. H. B., Saranac Lake, N.Y. :ccccecccecneresscenntrene 1923 Stebbins, Bs _feoree Ledyard, Jr, 47 Maple Ave., Hamil- 1926 Steil, Dr. William N, 748 North 23rd St, Milwaukee, Wis. peer Eat George E. 86 Bedford Rd., Hor sham, Sussex, ngland Stetson, Richard N., 7278 Hollywood Ave., Hollywood, Cal. 8 Stewart, F. E., 1708 Gardena Ave. , Long Beach, Cal. .. 1930 Stone, “Mis ss Edna L., 1618 Rhode Island Ave., N. W,, Wash- oe gieton, D.C.) 28 eee Mrs. 518 Franklin Ave., Wilkinsburg neh, Picteburee Pa. 1916 Suksdors Wilhelm Nikolaus, Bingen, Webs... 1914 Sven Dr. H. K., Bro ooklyn Bo tanic haha 1000 Wash- tage n Ave , Brook klyn, N.Y. 1931 Svinortou, J ae R., 2115 Chestnut Ave., Newport News, Va. 1909 Tanger, sake Charles x oe F. A.), 318 North Presi- den , Laneaste 1930 Taylor, di Reaitiie M., pets Erie tee argon Ohio 1923 Taylor, Mrs. H. B., Lock Box 613, 19 Taylor, William Gavin, 6 Beech St., Aringto 26 Thomas, Dr Iliam 8., 117 k A a York City..... _ 1929 Thomp ., Cleveland High School, eaek Wash. ..... 1928 Tilley, Trenor P., 1356 Northampton St., e, Mass... 1921 Tinkham, Miss Florence L., Woods Hol aide peat ad VT 1931 Todd, Dr. J. B., 740 Sgr Beech St., Syrmeene, i Bie conn 1915 Toole, # Jarabo 1931 Siig! D. LeRoy, P. 356, Honolulu, 1896 Trac Mls BS Fuilerton District Junior College, Fullerton, a Trudell, Harry W., 2030 East Madison St. , Philadelphia, P Pa. 1919 Turner, Mrs. H. M., 88 Barnet St., New Haven, Con - 1930 ae Jay = Hartland, Vic ee eee 1910 Upham, Alan W., East Woodstock, Comm. oocccceee—e-- 1926 Upham, Miss ple E., East Woodstock, GS Gg SE 1922 Van Everen, Mrs. Horace, 13 Kirkland St., Cambridge, Lr enter Fo ees 1923 Van Meter, ‘Miss Mary G., 1757 K St, N. W,, 5 Wambinge ce oo Mies “Myron H., Chilmark, Mase. Walton, Rey. A. J., Box 913, Logan, W. Va. = 19 Ward, = aces N. (Isadora T. 4 ; “618 Berkeley Ave., “ar csneesessesisscessiinespdiscummebewann scnsmncseales sricehianaeenpederbehibed pr ebenkemeanesaberurteer ster aaeneastagin tn reno t Wea: y, Mrs. C. A., 27 Raymond St., Counbrisige, Mass. 1914 Webster. Mrs, Helen Noyes, 1960 Massachusetts Ave., Lex- : Fe Maton, Mase Webster, s J., 189 Hawthorne Ave., Hawthorne, N. J. ~... 1929 oa Bal, hase Longburn, Palmerton North, New an Wester, Edwin, 2865 Nina St., Lamanda } “Park, , Pasadena, . 1926 9 Wheeler, Dr. Edward J., 136 eer St., Albany, N. Y. 1907 Wheeler, Mrs. George é. (F. H.), 4501 vsinguten Aye, Fields el, 1 Wherry, Edgar T., University of Pennsylvania, Philadel. hia 1 phi White, Kelton E., 411 North Newstead Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 1919 Whitehorn, Mrs. ‘A. R., 81 Wilmington St., Rochester, N. Y Whitman, Mrs, William, Jr., 12 Marlboro St., Boston, Mass. 1922 : ie Gi DY; N: Whitney, Mrs. Elsie Gibson, State eres ag Alba: Y. 1930 Wiepert, D. D., 413 Bighth St., Brooklyn, N.Y. -cccccceccince 1931 Wiggins, Ira i Curator, Dudley Havbortaxs: Stanford Uni- versity, Ca L ee 1932 Wilcox, bio? Alice Wilson, 750 North Chester Ave., Pasa- ae den 3 Wild, William, 249 Walnut St., Hast Aurora, N.Y... _ 1930 Wiley, Miss Farida A., Museum Natural ies 77th St. & Columbus Ave., New Yor ROB Ae earnest nent Pre 1927 aaa Hans, 241 8. 11th St. gg OE kid pee , Miss Carrie grrnite re? 1428 Park Ave., Balti- Md. ees Willis, Wanen J., 24824 Highty-ninth Ave., Belle Rose, 1 ey Madnen, Wie ee 1932 fWinslow, ev a dak 229 oe St., Auburndale, Mass. 1902 Winslow, Miss Inez J., Orleans, Vt. oc tesnwvscmnnnnennnsi 1911 Woolman, Miss A. C., 21 N. Highland Ave., Lansdowne, Pa. 1927 Worthen, Mrs. Bilie Adams, abe — Rd., “Amesbury, Mass. wie Wright, Mis 3 Mary F., mble a 1925 Wrig ht, Ss. Fred, 52 8. 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Fore pos ae ae ted to All Forms of Life o Enviro t Established poe pugtienaived onale | Publieaion na the Ecological Societ Subscription, $4 a year for mplete volumes (Jan. 1. es Pati of volumes at the jingle 1 ber Single numbers, $1.25 post free. Foreign postage: 20 ¢ GENETICS = BNE rd of Investigations on Heredity and Variatio shed 1916. Bi-monthly. Subscription, "$6 a year for ‘complete 1-7, - 1923. : [ Volume 22, No. 1, of the JourNAL, pages 1-32, plates 1-3, was ‘sued April 19, 1932.] 34 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Like southern California as treated by Munz and Johnston, the county can be divided into three physio- graphie areas; a coastal region, the highland area, and the interior desert area. The highland area makes up the bulk of the county and dominates the physiography of the region. The elevation rises from sea-level to 6,515 feet at the summit of Cuyamaca Peak forty miles inland. From the crest of the main mountain range the elevation drops rapidly eastward to an elevation of only ° a few feet above sea-level as the slope approaches the Salton Sink located in Imperial and Riverside Counties. The Lower Sonoran, Upper Sonoran, and Arid Tran- sition Life Zones are represented within the area. The Lower Sonoran Zone oceurs along the eastern base of the mountains and an insignificant belt extends northward for a short distance from the International Boundary along the coastal slope, giving way to the Upper Sonoran near San Diego. The Arid Transition occupies com- paratively small areas in the Palomar, Cuyamaca, and Laguna Mountains, and the Upper Sonoran Zone domi- nates by occupying nearly, or quite eighty per cent., of the total area of the county. In addition to the modifying effects of altitude and direction of exposure, the character of the country rock exerts a profound influence upon the flora of different localities. The geology of the coastal belt is character- ized by sedimentary rocks, mostly shales and sandstones, of Tertiary age. Lying between the coastal sedimen- taries and the erystalline igneous complex of the main mountain mass, a narrow wedge of felsite and porphy- ritie intrusives extends from the Mexican border north- ward to a point a few miles east of Oceanside. The bulk - of the highland area is made up of crystalline igneous rocks which are chiefly granites, gabbros and diorites. These rocks are coarse grained and weather fairly read- PTERWDOPHYTES OF SAN Diego Co., Cat. 35 ily, so that many of the mountain slopes and valley floors are covered with granitic detritus supporting Sparse growths of vegetation. The rainfall varies from an average annual rainfall of 9.69 inches at San Diego to 40.37 inches at Cuyamaca Lake at an altitude of 4,677 feet above the sea. Also a rather wide range in temperature fluctuations is noted for various stations throughout the county, the ther- mometer often registering several degrees below freezing at Cuyamaca during the winter months, while tempera- tures of 100 to 110 degrees Fahrenheit are not uncom- mon in the San Felipe Valley. With such complex sets of factors acting upon the environments of the plants growing in the county, habi- tats vary from granitic detritus containing little organic matter to shaded valley floors heavily blanketed with leaf mold; from loose, sandy desert slopes to heavy clay on the mesas; from rocks constantly wet with the spray from miniature cataracts to parched southern slopes where only such xerophytic Pteridophytes as Pellaea, Selaginella, Notholaena, and Cheilanthes can withstand the rigorous onslaught of drought and high temperature. It is not particularly surprising, then, that San Diego County, with an area of slightly less than ten per cent. of that of southern California, should support thirty- three of the fifty-seven species and varieties of Pterido- phytes found in southern California. All of the species included here are illustrated in Abrams’ Illustrated Flora of the Pacifie States,* and a number of them are figured in Jepson’s Manual.* Sinee : 2 Abrams, pas = Flora of the Pacific States 1: —50. is 87 ee : ri ae inn, A Manual of the Flowering Plants of California 25-44. if as 192 36 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL these illustrations are accessible in these books and not scattered through the literature they are not cited. The scheme of classification used is that of Dr. Maxon in Abrams’ Illustrated Flora, and differs somewhat from that found in Jepson’s Manual and from that of Munz and Johnston in their paper cited above. Unless otherwise noted all specimens cited have been examined while studying the flora of San Diego County. Those cited are in the Dudley Herbarium of Stanford University unless the citation is followed by one of the following abbreviations denoting the herbarium in which it is deposited: (U.C.) University of California. fe Pomona College. I gratefully acknowledge the kindness of Dr. W. A. Setchell and Dr. Philip A. Munz in giving me free access to the material in the herbaria under their care. I am indebted also to Dr. LeRoy Abrams and Mrs. Rox- ana S. Ferris for many helpful suggestions while work- ing as a graduate student in the Dudley Herbarium. 1. OPHIOGLOSSUM CALIFORNICUM Prantl. Occasionally attaining a height of 10 em. but in San Diego County seldom over 3 em. high, this fern is very inconspicuous and lasts for a few weeks only on the clay mesas and grassy, rocky hillsides along the coastal belt of the county. It is locally abundant in small patches from near Fallbrook southward to the southern border of the county and has been collected as far south as Ensenada in Lower California. Specimens examined: Mesas near San Diego, Mrs. T. S. Brandegee, Feb., 1905; C. C. Parry, April, 1882; Cleveland 1478, (U.C.) ; Lemmon, April, 1882, (U. C.). 2. Finrx rracius (L.) Gilib. This fern is rather rare in San Diego County and is found in moist places along PTERIDOPHYTES oF San Dizco Co., Cat. 37 Shaded canyon slopes in the higher parts of the Arid Transition Zone. In the Vallecitos Canyon a small clump was found under a projecting rock moistened by the trickle of a small tributary rill. About half of the fronds were in good fruiting condition. Specimens. examined: Spencer Valley near Julian, Abrams 3798; Talley’s Ranch, alt. 6000 ft., Susan G. Stokes, J uly, 1895; Vallecitos Canyon below Resort, Laguna Mountains, alt. 5100 ft., Wiggins 2835. 3. PoLYPopruM cCALiForNIcuM Kaulf. Common on Shaded slopes and rocky ledges in the Upper Sonoran and lower Arid Transition Zones from near sea-level to an altitude of nearly 5000 feet. It seems to be confined to the coastal side of the range, for I have seen no speci- mens from the desert side. It extends southward into Lower California at least as far as the Sierra San Pedro Martir, where it was collected by Brandegee, (Zoe 4: 210. 1893). On the Potrero Grade between San Diego and Campo this fern is very abundant and grows in keen competition with such introduced grasses as Hordeum murinum, Bromus rubens, Bromus rigidus, and a native grass, Festuca megalura. In a small canyon between Lakeside and Ramona it covers a rocky canyon wall almost to the exclusion of other plants. Specimens examined: Sandy ledges, Torrey Pines, F. & E. S. Clements, April 4, 1914, (U. C.); La Jolla, Brandegee, April 17, 1894, (U. C.) ; Ramona, Brandegee, 1894, (U. C.) ; Mussey Grade, between Ramona and Lakeside, Wiggins 2532. 4. Potysticuum munituM (Kaulf.) Presl. Although this fern reaches its finest development in the Humid Transition Zone of the coastal slopes from central Cali- fornia to Washington, in our area it extends downward to the uppermost edges of the chaparral belt. It usually 8Tows on the coastal slopes but is also found in several 38 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL small ravines on the desert slopes of the Laguna Moun- tains at an altitude of about 5100 feet. These plants are very much smaller than the typical form on the westward slopes but the shape and arrangement of the pinnae, nature of the indusia and character of the rhizomes clearly indicate their identity with the larger forms. Specimens examined: Cuyamaca Lake, alt. 4700 ft., unz & Harwood 7231; crest of ridge south of Doane Valley, Palomar Mts., alt. 5000 ft., Munz 8212; Shaw’s Ranch, Cuyamaca Mts., Susan G. Stokes, July, 1895; Palomar Mt., Jones, July 27, 1926; Stonewall Peak, alt. 5200 ft., Wiggins 2135; Vallecitos Canyon below Resort, Laguna Mts., alt. 5100 ft., Wiggins 2829, 2833. 4a. PoLYSTICHUM MUNITUM IMBRICANS (D. C. Eaton) Maxon. The usual range for this fern is in the Cana- dian Zone from Vancouver Island to the southern Sierra Nevada and to Mendocino County in the California Coast Ranges. It oceurs infrequently with the com- moner form in Monterey County and in the higher mountains of Los Angeles County, and one collection has been made in San Diego County. It may be over- looked by collectors who mistake it for the typical variety because it occasionally is imbricated only at the base of the frond and would escape notice unless given careful serutiny. Specimens examined: Under projecting granite boul- paid summit of Cuyamaca Peak, alt. 6500 ft., Wiggins . This is, so far as I know, the first record of this ia having’ been collected south of the San Gabriel Mountains in Los Angeles County. 5. DRYOPTERIS ARGUTA (Kaulf.) Watt. Common on shaded slopes and in rocky ravines of the higher Uppet Sonoran and in the Arid Transition Zones. When grow- ing in the chaparral the fronds sometimes attain a height PTERIDOPHYTES OF San Diego Co., Cat. 39 of five or six feet and are called ‘‘Fern Brake’’ by the layman who confuses the sturdy specimens with Pteridium aquilinum pubescens. Specimens examined: Palomar Mt., Jones, July 27, 1926; Mussey Grade, between Lakeside and Ramona, Wiggins 2522. Dryopteris feei has been reported from Los Angeles County and Riverside County north of San Diego County and from the mountains of northern Lower Cali- fornia but I have seen no specimens from our area. There are similar gaps in the distribution of several other plants which drop out in the San Bernardino or San Jacinto Mountains and then reappear in Lower California. If this fern is found in our region it will probably be located in the Palomar Mountains. 6. Woopwarpia cHaMissoI Brack. In deep canyons and along shaded stream banks of the Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition Zones, both on the coastal and desert slopes of the mountains. The Cuyapipe Indians use the fronds of this fern in thatching their summer uts. Specimens examined: Alpine, Mearns 4033; Shaw’s Ranch, near Julian, Susan G. Stokes, July, 1895; Val- lecitos Canyon, Laguna Mts., alt. 4000 ft., Munz 8416, -); Wiggins 2843. - ASPLENIUM VESPERTINUM Maxon. This delicate little fern is found growing in moist places under over- hanging rocks and on canyon walls of the coastal foot- Is of the county. It ranges northward to the San Gabriel Mountains of Los Angeles County and south- Ward into northern Lower California. Specimens examined: San Miguel Mt., (Type locality), simball, March, 1910, (P.) ; Witch Creek, Alderson 757 ; t mountains of San Diego County, Parish Bros. 519; Potrero Grade, Carlotta C. Hall, June 5, 1912, (U. C.). 40 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL 8. PITYROGRAMMA TRIANGULARIS (Kaulf.) Maxon. Very abundant on shaded slopes under chaparral and over- hanging rocks in the Upper Sonoran and lower parts of the Arid Transition Zones. There are two forms of this species, the commoner with yellowish-ceraceous powder on the lower surface of the fronds, and the other with whitish instead of yellow powder. In Lower California the ‘latter form becomes the predominant one, the yellow- powdered plant appearing much less commonly. There seems to be no morphological character correlated with the color of this powder that is constant enough to war- rant separating the two consistently. The powder on the fronds comes off easily and accurate prints can be made by placing the frond on a dark cloth or paper and then striking it a sharp blow with the open palm. tag aie examined: near Fallbrook, alt. 750 ft., Munz & Harwood 3863; Potrero, Alice McAlmond, March 418, 1896; (P.); Moreno Dam, Wiggins 2366; be- low Julian on road to Banner, Wi iggins 2020; near Campo, Wiggins 1007. 8a. PITYROGRAMMA TRIANGULARIS viscosa (D. C. Eaton) Weatherby. Growing in the same sort of habitats as the species, but less common and with a more restricted range. Its northern limit is Los Angeles County, whereas the species is fairly common clear to British Columbia. The variety differs from the species in hav- ing reddish brown instead of dark brown stipes and in being quite viscid on the upper surface of the fronds. Specimens examined: Hillside 3 miles west of Dulzura, Wiggins 2223; roadside 14 miles east of Dulzura, Wiggins 1793; Jamul, Wiggins 1912; Mussey Grade, Wiggins 2505; near Campo, Wiggins 1045. 9, PreRIDIUM AQUILINUM PUBESCENS Underw. This is the most abundant fern in the county, forming exteP- PTERIDOPHYTES OF San Dieco Co., Cat. 41 Sive growths on partially shaded hillsides in the Arid Transition Zone and growing less frequently but more luxuriantly along streams in the Upper Sonoran Zone at much lower levels. In a number of places, especially in the vicinity of Cuyamaca and Julian, this fern forms practically pure stands several acres in extent. The shrubs most commonly associated with it are Rosa alder- soni, Rubus wrsinus and Symphoricarpos mollis. The Indians gather the young fronds while they are still coiled and use them for food, cooking them as we do asparagus. Specimens examined: Vallecitos Canyon, Laguna Mts., alt. 4000 ft., Munz 8415, (P.) ; Cuyamaca Lake, Munz & Harwood 7237, (P.); northern slope of North Peak, Wiggins 2644, 10. Apiantum gorpant C. Miill. Quite common in Moist shaded places and under overhanging rocks in the chaparral of the Upper Sonoran and lower Arid Transi- tion Zones. Its range extends from the mountains of horthern Lower California to southwestern Oregon. It is one of our most beautiful and prized ferns. Its deli- — cate fronds sometimes cover considerable areas on seepy canyon walls. Specimens examined: Dulzura, Wiggins 1791, 2219; Jamul, Wiggins 1911; Mussey Grade about 7 miles north of Lakeside, Wiggins 2520. ll. Apianrum capmius-veneris L. The following Tange is given for this fern by Maxon in Abrams, Ill. Fl. Pacif, States 1: 24. 1923, ‘‘Upper and Lower Sonoran Zones; Virginia to Florida, west to Missourl, Utah, Southern California, and the Mexican Border “egion.’”? And although this does not definitely place the fern within the county it probably occurs there. I _jave seen specimens from Riverside County, but none “Tom San Diego County. 42 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL 12. CHEILANTHES CALIFORNICA (Hook.) Mett. At the base of cliffs and about rocks wet by seepage, Upper Sonoran and lower Transition Zones. On the coastal slopes this fern ranges from San Diego County north- ward to Humboldt County, and less commonly in the Sierra Nevada Mountains to Butte County, California. It seems not to have been collected very extensively as - only a few specimens were seen in the herbaria. Specimens examined: Vernal Vale Farm, Foster, Min- ne Reed, April 1, 1897; seats Grade, 7 miles north of Lakeside, Wiggins 2504 13. CHEILANTHES viscIpA Davenp. The viscid Lip- fern is an inhabitant of the southwestern deserts, barely entering San Diego County along the western edge of the Colorado Desert. It grows in shaded places under rocks and along = canyon walls. Specimens examined: Mountain Springs, western edge of the Ciélorade. Desert, alt. 2600 ft., Pierson, April 13, 1922, (P.) ; Wiggins 2981; Parish 9029 (To be continued) STANFORD UNIVERSITY, CALIFORNIA OPHIOGLOSSUM ENGELMANNI 43 Notes on Ophioglossum Engelmanni ERNEST J. PALMER That interesting little elf of the plant world, the common Adder’s Tongue (Ophioglossum vulgatum L.), has a wide distribution in both hemispheres, and in America it extends across the continent from Prince Edward Island to Alaska and as far south as Florida and eastern Texas. It is generally found in moist Meadows and pastures in the northern states, and in rich woods farther south. The colonies are usually small, consisting of only a few or single plants, and in most parts of the country it is sufficient of a rarity to give a thrill of pleasure to the botanical explorer who has the good fortune to come upon it. A second species (Ophioglossum Engelmanni Prantl), which is not so familiar to most botanists, is found in the South-central and middle states, from Virginia to Texas and Arizona. This species was described in 1883,* but it has frequently been confused with the common Ad- der’s Tongue, although the two are easily distinguish- able, and many specimens collected both before and Since the publication of Prantl’s description have been labeled Ophioglossum vulgatum and may still be found in herbaria under that name. Fresh material or herbarium specimens of Engel- mann’s Adder’s Tongue can be distinguished from the common species by the distinctly apiculate tip of the Sterile frond, which is always present in uninjured Specimens, and by the finer secondary network of veins under the rather more fleshy epidermis. The plants are also usually more stocky, with shorter stem portion, and With the fertile seement, when present, less exserted. a 1 Ber. Dent. Bot. Ges. I. 351, 1883. 44 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL In habit of growth and habitat the two species are very different. Engelmann’s Adder’s Tongue is a pro- nounced calciphile, and it is usually on limestone ledges or in glades, where it occupies a belt of thin soil, which becomes saturated with seepage water during the spring rains, but which later may become quite dry and sterile. This is its favorite habitat, although I have sometimes found it growing on banks of clay and gravel, but always in caleareous regions where mar! or limestone were abundant near-by. Conditions peculiarly favorable for this little plant are found in many of the glades and barrens of the Ozark region of Missouri and Arkansas, and it is apparently most abundant in that part of its range, where it certainly cannot be regarded as a rarity, and it is perhaps the commonest fernwort of the region. In certain favorable spots large colonies of hundreds or thousands of plants spring up, almost as thick as grass, over several square metres of surface, on exposed slopes or sometimes in the partial shade of cedar trees or scat- tered shrubs. Here in the thin rich soil under the stimu- lus of the hot sun and the abundant supply of moisture, they grow rapidly, develop their spores, and after a few days die down and leave no trace until another rainy season. The normal vegetative period in the Ozarks is in May or early June, but this varies considerably with the season, and rarely.in a wet autumn a second growth appears. The fact that so few botanists who have vis- ited the regions where Ophioglossum Engelmannt grows have found or mentioned it is doubtless due largely to the short vegetative period, rather than to its incon- spicuous appearanee or rarity. In many of the colonies, especially where the condi- tions are not optimum in all respects, most or all of the plants produce only sterile fronds. Owing to this fact - and its inability to compete with more aggressive plants OPHIOGLOSSUM ENGELMANNI 45 except in extremely limited areas where an unusual combination of ecological conditions are found, Ophio- glossum Engelmanni must perhaps be regarded as a disappearing species, or at least one that is likely to be exterminated in many places as the country becomes more densely settled, through clearing of land, the in- troduction of new plant or animal competitors or ene- mies, and especially from the trampling and rooting of cattle and hogs. It is a plant of considerable interest both to the tax- onomist and the ecologist, and to the student of plant geography and the origin and distribution of species it is particularly significant as an example of the survival of an ancient type and a relic of an earlier flora, of which many other interesting examples are found in the Ozark glades and barrens. Ophioglossum Engelmanni is much more restricted in its range, especially northward, than O. vulgatum, and although the latter is usually absent from most of the territory occupied by Engelmann’s Adder’s Tongue, it overlaps it in isolated stations nearly throughout. In the middle states I have collected Ophioglossum vulgatum in western Kentucky, western Tennessee, Southern Illinois, and in three of the lowland counties of southeast Missouri, and I have also seen or collected Specimens in southwestern Arkansas and eastern Texas. Several years ago I reported my first discovery of Ophioglossum Engelmanni in the Fern Journat,’ and Since that time I have been much interested in observ- ing it in the field and have made numerous collections in several states. A list of these is given below in the hope of adding something to the definite knowledge of _ the range and abundance of the species. I have also _Tecently examined the material in the Gray Herbarium *Vol. IV., no. 2, 66-68, 1914. 46 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL and a list of the specimens preserved there is included so as to make the record as complete as possible. VireiniA: Natural Bridge Sta., Breckenridge Co., Bayard Long and E. B. Bartram, May 2 28, 1909; same empl ee ledges, bluffs along James River, Geo. dG. ennedy, y 10, 1887. eae Barren Co., Joh. Hussey, May, 1874; Bowling Green, amongst limestone rocks, under Juni- Aug. 7, 1900; near Laverene, Rutherford Co., Ceda glades, R. M. Harper, May 17, 1923; same locality, with Leavenworthia oe Anemone carolinina, &e., A. Gattinger, May 16, 1882. Inirnos: Cave-in- Rock, Hardin Co., on Mississippian limestone, E. J. feo’ no. 15469, June 41,1919. Missourt: Rolla, C. Greene, Mey 30, 1916; Inde- pendence, B. F. Back. no. 822, Ma ay 2 0, 1894; Tuscum- ne Miller Co., on Ordovician aobend E. J. Palmer, 0. 39221, May 2, 1931; Columbia , Boone Co., on Missis- jepue limestone, Ed: Palmer, no. 39266, May 4, 1931; Eagle Rock, Barry Co., along Arkansas state line, on Grdotitias dolomite, E. J. Palmer, no. 39479, June 3, 1931; same locality, E . J. Palmer, no. 35686, May 11, 1929 ; Seligman, Barry Co., on Ordovician dolomite, E. J. Palmer, no. 29805, April 28, 1926; Turnback, Dade Co., on Mississippian limestone, ed. Palmer, no. 35606, May 5, 1929; Eldorado Springs, Cedar Co., on Missis- Brant limestone, E. J. Palmer, no. 35669, May 6, 1929; Pontiae, Ozark Co., on Mississippian limestone, E. Jd. Palmer, no. 34791, June 27, 1928; Big Cave Bluff, near Cole Camp, Benton Co., on Mississippian limestone, £. J. Palmer, no. 30093, May 12, 1926; Bald Joe, be june- tion of James and White R ‘ivers, Stone o., on Ordo- vician dolomite, H. J. Palmer, no. 24619, April 30, gion Co., on Mississippian limestone, E. J. Palmer, no. 15306, June 4, 1924; Alba, Jasper Co., on Mississippian lime- OPHIOGLOSSUM ENGELMANNI 47 stone, H. J. Palmer, no. 20792, April 18, 1922; Carthage, Jasper Co., on Mississippian limestone, E. J. Pal er, no. 20851, April 21, 1922; ae locality and habitat, EZ. J. Palmer, no. 21672, June , 1922; Noel, MeDonald Co., 0., on ? stone, H. J. Palmer, 18098, June 27, 1920; Thayer, Ore- n Co., on Ordovician dolomite, E. J. Palmer, no. 14686, April 2, 1919. NSAS: Neodesha, Wilson Co., on Pennsylvanian limestone, E. J. Palmer, no. 21169, May 5, 1922; same locality and habitat, EZ. J. Palmer, no. 21371, May 22, 1922. ARKANSAS: Fayetteville, Washington Co., on Missis- Pal on, Hempstead Co., on clay and gravel overlying er Cretaceous limestone, E. J. Pal- mer, no. 20709A, April 5, 1922. OKLAHOMA: N: avina, Logan Co., open plain, creek val- ley, G. W. Stevens, no. 177, April 25, 1913; Hugo, Choctaw Co., on Cretaceous limestone, Ed. Palmer, no. 22484, AGE 26, 1923. LOUISIANA: Red Riv er, J. Hale (without date Arnot Ae 48 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL The Botrychiums of Indiana EK. W. GRAVES Through the very generous courtesy of Mr. Chas. C. Deam, research forester of Indiana, I was privileged to examine all the Botrychiums which he had collected for several years past, as he sent me his whole collection asking that I determine them for him. It appears that Mr. Deam is a very keen observer, and in his work as research forester he has collected exten- sively throughout his state, and has brought together a fine collection of the Indiana Botrychiums. In the col- lection there were 34 sheets from 23 counties. There were 17 of Botrychiwm obliquum, 10 of Botrychium dis- — sectum, 4 of Botrychium ternatum var. intermedium, and 2 sheets that contained specimens of a new variety or possibly a new species. Of these last specimens I wi speak later. To those that hold to the theory that B. dissectum is always found in company with B. obliquum, I will say, that from the study of Mr. Deam’s collection conclusions do not point that way. Of the ten stations where Mr. Deam had collected B. dissectum, only three were with B. obliquum. This conclusion was formed from study- ing the labels, and I also wrote Mr. Deam asking if I should understand that B. obliguum was not present with B. dissectum when not mentioned on the label, and he replied that that was correct. He also added that in the north part of the state where B. dissectum was more often found, B. obliquum was quite rare. But in the south part of the state where B. obliquum was common, B. dissectum was rare. There were seven stations where B. dissectum grew alone. These seven stations were, one each in Porter, Allen and Delaware Counties, and two in Wells County BOTRYCHIUMS OF INDIANA 49 of the north part of the state, and one each in Owen and Posey Counties, in the south. B. dissectum grew in com- pany with B. obliqguum in Laporte and Cass County, of the north part of the state, and Spencer County of the extreme south. B. dissectum, then, was found at seven Stations in six of the northern counties, and three in the south. On the other hand B. obliquum was found once each in Wayne, Shelby, Decatur, Franklin, Jennings, Jackson, Jefferson, Scott, Clark, Perry, Spencer, and Knox Counties, of the south part of the state. In the north part is was found once in each of the following counties: Howard, Wells, Allen, Cass, and Laporte—five stations in the north. I had reported in my article on ‘‘The Botrychiums of the Central States’’ in Vol. 21, No. 4,-of the JourNat, that the station at Millers, Indiana, in Lake County, was the farthest south that I had any record of for B. ter- natum var. intermedium. In Mr. Deam’s collection there is one station still farther south. At Garrott, in Dekalb County, Mr. Deam collected two fertile speci- mens. He also collected two specimens at one station, and one at another station in Steuben County, which lies Just north of Dekalb County, and two specimens at a Station in Porter County. The five stations that I record here from Indiana are all in the north tier of counties, except the one in Dekalb County, which is in the second tier, There were two specimens on one sheet of Mr. Deam’s Collection, from the locality of Mt. Carmel, Illinois. It was not made clear whether they were collected on the Tlinois side or the Indiana side. If they were collected in Indiana it would make 35 sheets from Indiana instead of 34 as I stated at the beginning of my article. These Specimens seemed to be of a different variety, and had heen determined B. ternatum australe. But B. australe 50 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL R. Br. is a native of Australia, and has possibly been found in Argentina, South America. But I am not ac- quainted with that fern, having never seen it, so I cannot say whether it is B. australe or not. B. australe has never been recorded before from North America, although D. C. Eaton at one time applied that name to the largest and most divided of our forms of the ter- natum group (B. silaifoliwm Presl). I am inclined to eall this specimen B. obliquum. The more I study the Botrychiums the more puzzling I find them to deal with. There were two sheets in Mr. Deam’s collection that contained specimens which I feel were really a new variety, that had never been brought to my attention before. One sheet having no number (here called No. 2) Mr. Deam had purchased from Mr. W. S. Blatehley, of Indianapolis. It had been collected in Marion County, Sept. 28, 1902. Marion County is near the center of the state. Another sheet, No. 18564, contained two speci- mens collected by Mr. Deam in Crawford County, of the south part of the state. These specimens were both fertile, but one was slightly different from the other in that its pinnules were just a little more roundish im shape. These specimens from the two counties of In- diana are of such a different variation from the true type of B. obliquum that I have decided to deseribe it as a new variety. Owing to the oblong shape of its pinnules and upper pinnae I am ealling it B. obliquum vat. oblongifolium. Botrychium obliquum var. oblongifolium, var. nov.’ A robust plant with thick heavy stalk. The first pair of pinnae are divided. The pinnules are oblong with 1 Borrycuium east var. oblongifolium, var. nov., planta robusta, pinnis imis partitis, pinnulis oblongis subobtusis pasalibus proximalibus nee eee pinnis jugi a basi secundi ob- longis auriculatis, superioribus oblongis leviter serratis. AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VoLUME 22, PLATE 4 OBLONGIFOLIUM THE TYPE SPECIMEN OF BOTRYCHIUM OBLIQUUM, VAR. 52 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL blunt points. The first pinnule below on the lower pin- nae being oblong also has an oblong ear on inner side. The second pair of pinnae is oblong in shape with oblong appendages. The upper pinnae are oblong and slightly serrate. I am using No. 2 as the type specimen. The plants from Crawford County have more slender stalks than the plant from Marion County, but one is identical in shape with the type except for the upper pinnules on the first pair of pinnae which were more round in shape, and the second pair of pinnae had a roundish shaped pinnule near the stalk both above and below. The remaining pinnae were oblong with blunt points as in the type. The other plant from Crawford County had roundish shaped pinnules above and below on both the first and second pair of pinnae. The remain- ing pinnae were oblong, but not quite so blunt-pointed as in the other two plants. Mr. Deam has kindly photographed the type for the benefit of members of the fern society and the photo- graph is here reproduced (plate 4). BENTONSPORT, Iowa. Recent Fern Literature David, Walter W. Ferns of the Lake Dunmore | Region, Salisbury, Vermont. Bull. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 62: 3-11, figs. 1-3. 1932. This is a thorough piece of work. It opens with an account of the topographic conditions and soils of the area and a brief glossary of botanical terms. The 29 species observed are then listed in five groups according to habitat; finally, a simple descriptive key to all, using obvious macroscopic characters, is given. A few species might have been added, such as Asplenium platyneuron which has been found at Lake Dunmore; occasionally, Recent FERN LITERATURE 53 helpful characters, such as the stalked and sessile sterile Segments in Botrychium dissectum and B. virginianum | respectively, are overlooked in the key; and the term “triangular’’ is somewhat loosely used. As applied to the frond of Cystopteris fragilis and the lower pinnae of Thelypteris spinulosa var. intermedia it is surely out of place The current issue of the British Fern Gazette (vol. vi, no. 5, Dec., 1931) opens with a good plate of a crested form of Dryopteris dilatata. There is a report of the annual meeting from which it appears that it costs the British Society about 46 pounds to publish 137 pages of Gazette, with incidental expenses. As with us, publica- tion is by far the largest item. There are useful deserip- tions of the scales characteristic of various species, and Several notes on forms of British ferns. Mousley, H. Further Notes on the Birds, Orchids, Ferns and Butterflies of Quebec, 1929-1930. Canad. Field Nat. 46: 1-6. 1932. Mr. Mousley’s activities during the two seasons here reported on produced a small, but interesting, grist of material relating to ferns. He gives the first authentic record of Thelypteris simulata from Quebec; it was found near Bedford by Mr. Terrill. New stations for Asplenium Trichomanes and Thelypteris fragrans, and a plant of Botrychium angustisegmentum 27.5 em. in height were discovered by Mr. Mousley. Ching, R. C. The Studies of Chinese Ferns, VI. Genus Urb = Mas and Sikhim-Himalaya. Sinen- Sia 1: 175-199. This article se keys, bibliography, citation of Specimens and critical comment on the 21 species recog- nized. Seven new ones are described and illustrated. 54 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Schaffner, J. H. Propagation of Equisetum from Sterile Aerial Shoots. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 58: 531— 535. 1932. Some two years ago Mr. Blaydes of the Ohio State Uni- versity noticed that aerial shoots of Equisetum prealtum which he had had for some time in a jar of water had developed roots from the submerged nodes. Starting with this discovery, Prof. Schaffner found, by experi- ment, that propagation from sections of stem was easily possible in both EZ. prealtum and E. arvense. He takes this as additional evidence that the specialization of cell function is a matter of direction of development deter- mined by environment—that every cell has many poten- tialities. Looser, G. El Généro Pleurosorus en Chile. Revista Universitaria 16: 707-714, 3 figs. 1931. Sinopsis de los Helechos Chilenos del Género Dryopteris. Anal. Univ. Chile 1931. 191-205, 5 figs. Our fellow member, Sr. Gualterio Looser, of Santiago, continues his studies on Chilean ferns. In the two pub- lications at hand he gives a careful and detailed account of the four species of Dryopteris occurring in the coun- try, with descriptions, illustrations, bibliography, cita- tions of specimens, critical notes, a brief history of the genus and a sensible discussion of its nomenclature. In the other, he describes and discusses the curious little fern of central Chile and Argentina, Pleurosorus papa- verifolius, ‘‘an Asplenium without an indusium.’’ There are only two other species of the genus, one in Spain and one in Australasia. All are ferns of dry rocks; all show a pretty obvious affinity with such species of Asplenium as A. Ruta-muraria and A. magellanicum. ABNORMAL CHRISTMAS FERN oe Shorter Notes A Curious PHENOMENON IN THE CHRISTMAS FERN.— The plant from which the accompanying sketches were made was originally found in Florence, Vermont, and i is at Proctor. It is of the bipinvieetl form (Polystichum acrostichoides f£. multifidum Clute). This form is usu- ally sterile; last year, however, fronds on Mrs. Chis- holm’s plant produced small upper pinnae which tried to be fertile. Like the other pinnae, they are deeply 8 cleft; the curious thing is that the eavans appears to be Sony the lines of the sorus-bearing veins, to extend from the margin to the point on the vein at which the Sorus is borne, and to be stopped there, as it were, by the receptacle. The result is that each sorus is at the bottom of a sinus and, strangely, as definitely on the edge of the frond as in the filmy ferns. In them, the indusium has one face on each surface. In this abnor- mal Christmas fern, the indusium is abortive, but the 56 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL receptacle appears to pass across the margin so as to impinge on both surfaces and some of the sporangia appear to arise from the upper surface—an anomaly in ferns. The sporangia are fairly numerous and some of them apparently normal; in the specimen seen, however, they are rather young and it is doubtful whether they would produce good spores. The sketches may make clearer this unusual develop- ment.—C, A. W DrYOPTERIS FLORIDANA (Hoox.) Kuntze in NortH Carotina.—Early in April, 1931, the writer was one of a party, composed mostly of George Washington Uni- versity botany students under the leadership of Dr. Robert F. Griggs, which visited the Coastal Plain see- tion in eastern North Carolina. April 6th and 7th found us camped on the north shore of beautiful Lake Waccamaw in Columbus County. The lake at this point is separated only by a narrow ridge of sand, a few yards in width, from a cypress swamp. Along the north edge of this swamp is an area, wet and muddy but not per- petually inundated, lying between the water and the higher, cultivated ground. Here the writer found a col- ony of several dozen plants of Dryopteris floridana (Hook.) Kuntze (J. E. Benedict, Jr., no. 1247). In addition to being the first record of this fern in the state of North Carolina it is a northward extension of its range of approximately 120 miles, the former most northerly station being in the vicinity of Charleston, S. C. The Waccamaw plants are noteworthy also in being of unusually large size, one fruiting frond in the collection of the writer being 118 centimeters long. Specimens have been deposited in the U. S. National Herbarium in Washington and in the herbarium of the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia—J. E. BENEDICT, JR., Washington, D. ‘* TMPROVEMENT’’ IN FLORIDA 57 THE Marcu oF IMPROVEMENT IN FLoripaA.—I was very much interested in your articles on Conservation, for nowhere is it more needed than here. There are in this county a number of spots, off the main highways, where I go from time to time, to study the plant life and enjoy the beauties that Nature has provided and then, some- time, I will go back, to find ruin and devastation, in- stead of peaceful beauty—ferns chopped out, climbers and smaller plants destroyed and the little stream de- nuded of its Myriophyllum—and for what reason? I haven’t been able to find out. Beyond the cemetery is a marsh, which all summer is worth going miles to see, as it is almost a solid growth of nearly all the different Species of our marsh Hibiscus, literally thousands of blossoms, from the almost white variety of H. grandi- florus to the flaming H. coccineus. The city has ac- quired the area and is now draining it, will fill in and make a park and in a year or two it will be a dreary waste of white sand, dotted with round beds of Cannas’ and little annuals. And there is no reason for a park out there; it will have no neighbors but the city of the dead. At the other extreme edge of the city limits is already a 25-acre park, heavily wooded and with the greatest variety of plant life to be found within a simi- lar area in the county. A varying’ elevation of 5—25 feet above sea-level, a small stream meandering through most of it, partly through a deep ravine, combined with other features, make it an ideal site for a native Arbo- retum, in which could be grown plants from all but the most tropical portions of the State, and I have been try- ing for several years to get this accomplished. Not long ago I went out in that neighborhood just after reading in the morning paper that the park commissioner had cleaned out Boone Park. He had. All the fallen leaves and pine needles had been raked into piles and burned, 58 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL destroying a lot of young Ilex vomitoria, Andromedas and other shrubs, round beds of Cannas set in the bare, windswept earth and, in a swath about six feet wide along the stream bed, every bit of vegetation had been chopped out. Forest fires have driven our best plant life into the moist places along streams and swamps and the destruction carried on in those places is going to send many species the way of the Franklinia. And the same thing is occurring all over the state on a larger scale. Paines’ Prairie, the absolutely unique Seminole Springs and many other places are in grave danger of destruction—Mary W. Diwpeuu, Jacksonville, Florida. Note on Borrycutum.—Mr. Graves’ note on Botry- chium in the October-December JourNAL (1931) calls attention to a possible difference in the fruiting time of two species geographically associated. Some years ago my attention was called to a similar pairing of geo- graphically associated species of Botrychium in difter- ent parts of North America: in Jamaica, in the Pacific Coast, and in the southern states. At that time, I re- ported on the differentiation of Botrychium and Ophio- glossum species in three short articles published in Torreya and later more in detail in the North American Flora. Copies of these articles have recently been deposited in the Library of the American Fern Society and may be borrowed according to the arrangements made last year. In my work at that time, I reached the conelusion that the American species are all separable from the old world types, so that instead of the name Botrychium ternatum, the combination B. siliafoliwm was used for the type which Mr. Graves calls B. ter- natum. It is certain, however, that the Botrychium group is most diffieult to work with and that there 1s plenty of basis for difference of interpretation regard- ing specific characteristies and limits.—R. C. B. BotrycHIuM 59 ANOTHER SuacesTION REGARDING BorrycHIUM DISSEC- TUM AND B. ospiiguum.—Mr. Louis Eisman recently found a plant of B. obliquum growing in very close asso- ciation with three plants of B. dissectum. In examining the roots, he felt reasonably certain that he found a defi- nite underground connection between the two forms. If this could be established certainly, it would, of course, settle finally the question of the possible relationship between these two forms. The suggestion is made that members of the Fern Society be on the lookout for situa- tions involving close association of plants of these two forms, and that they endeavor to determine whether an actual connection ever occurs. If such a connection is found, the specimen should be dug up carefully and photographed to show the attachment, and then care- fully preserved as a herbarium specimen.—R. C. B. BotrycHIUM ALABAMENSE IN NorTH CaRoLina.—Re- cently Mr. F. W. Gray of Marlinton, West Virginia, sent me several Botrychiums he had collected near Charlotte, North Carolina, asking me to determine them for him. Among the specimens were two plants of Botrychium alabamense Max. They were both typical specimens, and among the largest I have ever seen of that species. I have collected a good many specimens in the vicinity of Mobile, Alabama, but I have never ob- served any that were larger than the ones that Mr. Gray Sent me from North Carolina. The largest plant was fully eighteen inches high, and the sterile frond had a Spread of ten inches. Mr. Gray wrote me that there are three places near his old home at Charlotte, North Carolina, where the fern grows plentifully. It is very interesting to know that this station will extend the range of Botrychium alabamense much farther north than we had expected to 60 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL find it. The only localities heretofore known to me for this fern were in the vicinity of Mobile, Alabama. Mr. C. A. Weatherby informs me that the Gray Herbarium contains specimens only from the Mobile district. I might state here that Botrychium alabamense does not grow on the level Coastal Plain, but on damp slopes along ereeks in the hills west of Mobile near the village of Spring Hill, also in the hills about twenty miles north of Mobile. I have never found it on the east side of Mobile Bay, although the character of the country is nearly the same as on the west side of the Bay. This new station at Charlotte, North Carolina, will carry the species up from the Coastal Plain into the Piedmont district. If others have found this fern at other stations we should be very glad for them to report it—E. W. Graves, Bentonsport, Iowa. Fern Inpustry.—The Business Week for February 24 says: ‘‘Ferns from the great evergreen forests of Western Washington find a ready market in Middle West and eastern centers, according to distributors who operate out of Chehalis, Wash. This is a new industry which is developing rapidly and reaches the annual pro- duction peak during the holiday season. Last year’s turnover was $100,000, of which about 75 per cent. is paid to pickers, some of whom earn up to $4 daily.”’ It may be added to the above that fronds of Poly- stichum munitum were freely used by florists in Boston last winter—the first time that I had noticed them there.—C. A. W. AMERICAN Fern Socrery 61 American Fern Society Report of the President for 1931 We have, all, long been assured and reassured that there is ‘‘nothing new under the sun.’’ To disprove the aphorism, your President, having delayed unduly the writing of a report of the usual sort for 1931, pur- poses to offer one that will contain no word of review of the Society’s many activities of the past year, no dis- cussion of things planned or accomplished (including field trips and increased membership), no proper tender of thanks even to our Board of Editors or of apprecia- tion to the Brooklyn Botanic Garden—though the last temptation is strong—and merely to quote from Tho- reau’s ‘‘Autumn’’ the following paragraph, which is not only stimulating but reflects a point of view far too rare in these days. “Oct. 4, 1859. It is only when we forget all our learn- ing that we begin to know. I do not get nearer by a hair’s breadth to any natural object, so long as I pre- sume that I have an introduction to it from some learned man. To conceive of it with a total apprehension, I must for the thousandth time approach it as something ing is that y aken it to be, what book is this world and its beauty described? Who has plotted the steps toward the discovery of beauty? ou must be in a different state from common. Your nothing could be easier than to ascertain it; required that you be affected by ferns, that they amount 62 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL to anything, signify anything, to you, that they be an- other sacred scripture and revelation to you, helping to redeem your life, this end is not so easily accomplished.”’ With minor allowance, is this not ‘‘good medicine’’? Respectfully, ILLIAM R. MAxXon, President. I hereby certify that I have received from the Judge of Elections for Officers of the American Fern Society for the year 1932 the following report of the elections held last November : * Cotumsus, OHIO. E. arvense. (To be continued.) 76 AMERICAN Fern JOURNAL Hunting Scott’s Spleenwort in Alabama H. E. Ransrer The Ransiers spent the first three days of May, 1928, at Havana, Alabama, lured 75 miles off our regular schedule by the long suppressed desire of seeing A. ebenoides in its ‘‘ravine near Havana, Ala.’’ Upon ar- rival there we inquired of a local store keeper as to the location of a camp site. He suggested a shady spot at the rear of a school ground. When we questioned the propriety of setting up there he said, ‘‘ Well, I gave them the land and I reckon I can let you camp there.’’ As it was late, we quickly made ourselves snug for the night. Next morning, scholars began arriving be- fore we were up. In fact they woke us by their sub- dued talk and speculations about our trailer outfit. We washed, made breakfast ready, ate and washed the dishes, with an increasing crowd of scholars surrounding us. The following morning Mrs. Ransier suggested that they sing for us, and sing they did. Two girls in par- ticular treated us to a seemingly endless folklore song. Perhaps it was improvised! The school bell was all that stopped it, anyway. Then all the people felt it their duty to call on us, even an old tottering man and his wife. When it be- came known that we were going to look for ‘‘ebenoides,’” one of the better class ladies volunteered the information that they grew upon her land, that she was just starting for home, and that she would be happy to take us right to the ‘‘ravine’”’ but that ‘‘College Professors’’ had searched wihout finding any. We were dropped about half a mile out and started down the gully at once. It was extremely hot and sultry and the footing fierce. A quarter of a mile and sure Huntine Scorr’s SPLEENWORT 17 enough we did find small ebenoides, on the right side going down stream, usually growing upon moss covered rocks in dense shade. Farther along, on a more perpendicular rock outcrop, more small but unmistakable specimens appeared. Here at the base of the rock, where a slight seepage favored them, some small filmy ferns were observed. The ebenoides were almost invariably located where they had scant opportunity of developing to any size worth mentioning, both from lack of soil and moisture. Nearly all were too small to photograph to advantage and the lack of strong light was a further handicap to both their development and to the work of photography. Moreover, there were no specimens of A. ebeneum in the immediate: vicinity, though there were some across the ravine many hundred feet down stream. An intensive search did not reveal a single walking fern in the entire area. This puzzled me but I concluded that it had been destroyed by drought or in some other unknown way, as well as all mature ebenoides and that the few puny specimens seen would be wiped out by the next drought and the fame of the ravine would cease. My films when developed were so wretched, that I went back for another try the next day. I hesitated re- porting the existing conditions and am glad I did not, for when I read the January—March, 1930, Fern Journal, Wherry & Trudell’s note proved that I HAD NOT ~ _ BEEN even NEAR the original station. We had been _ misled by the local lady, by the ‘‘ravine near Havana and by my ‘‘nose,’’ sixth sense, or fern instinet which failed to function entirely. My main satisfaction of course is that we have ex- tended the fern’s known range a little and others may reasonably look for it in other favored spots with more _ Promise of finding it at considerable distances from the 78 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL old station. But 30 small specimens were found in all, the largest having fronds 4 inches long and many were but an inch or so. The heat and humidity were at the limit of our endurance, so believing our mission accom- plished, we prepared to move on. One of the natives said ‘‘Do you all mean to tell us that you all came all that long ways, just for one LITTLE FERN?”’ One of our tires went flat while we were away after ferns and after it had been repaired, the Professor came over after school and said he was glad it was fixed, as - twenty boys had called his attention to the flat and had asked him to tell us about it! We were pressed by the kids to attend their ‘‘Literary Meeting’’ and both of us had to make an address after ‘routine business was over. One evening there was a spelling contest on, between the local community and a neighboring one. Every one — turned out and refreshments were served afterwards, using the school house for all purposes. We heard a great deal about some ‘‘caves’’ that we should visit, so I asked ‘‘are they damp? Do we need a lantern? What kind of clothes should we wear? What makes them interesting?’’ and about all we learned was that the coloring made them attractive. And when a pupil piloted our ear there, on his way home after school, we found the place to be immense ravines, where the soil from time to time ‘‘caved’’ off, or slid in slices, two or three feet thick, from the whole face of the cliff- like sides, revealing finely tinted layers of soil, buff, lavender, pink, ete. If good fortune favors us, we may make another more extended visit to the locality. Manutus, N. Y. (. WSS ens gees OBSERVATIONS, 1931-32 (ks Range-Extensions and other Observations, 1931-32 Epear T. WHERRY? PELLAEA BrincestI In OREGON.—On June 30, 1931, Dr. Francis W. Pennell and I drove from the largely aban- doned village of Cornucopia, Baker County, Oregon, five miles westward up an exceedingly steep road to the Union Mine, to collect plants on the mountain there. On ledges of granite rock along a trail leading up to some old workings, we found several colonies of a fern which was obviously a Pellaea, but differed from any I had previously seen in having the soral band well in from the margin. This was subsequently identified as P. bridgesi Hooker. Specimens distributed by Cusick many years before may have come from the same general region, but they lacked definite locality data; and in Abrams’ “‘Tilustrated Flora of the Pacific Coast,’’ Maxon gives the range of the species as ‘‘ California, from Nevada County southward to Mineral King, Tulare County; also in Boise National Forest, Idaho.’’ The newly recorded find therefore represents a distinct extension of the hereto- fore recognized range. CHEILANTHES GRACILLIMA AS AN EXAMPLE OF Non- Cixcinare VERNATION.—My first acquaintance with this Species in its native haunts occurred at the locality men- tioned in the preceding note. The new fronds for the Season were just beginning to develop, and proved to Show the same type of non-circinate vernation already reported for C. tomentosa and several other ferns. i Saino from the Botanical Laboratory of the University of Pennsylvan 2AM ia vic JouRN. 16: 107, 109, 1926; 18: 31. 1928. AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VOLUME 22, PLATE 5 PELLAEA BrRipgesi. Five MILES WEST OF CORNUCOPIA, BAKER Co., OREGON. SHOWING FRONDS OF PRECEDING YEAR BELOW, AND OF PRESENT YEAR ABOVE. OBSERVATIONS, 1931-32 81 A Visit To A STATION ror THE APPALACHIAN FiuMy- Frrn.—For some years I have desired to see Tricho- manes boschianum in its native haunts, but the roads leading to reported localities of it would always prove to be impassable at the times of my visits to the region. In July, 1932, Mr. J. E. Benedict and I were driving through northern Alabama during a period of drought, and decided to hunt up a station located by Mr. E. W. Graves along the Sipsey River. We found the Jasper topographic sheet to be quite useless, as the culture has completely changed since-the time it was surveyed, so some data as to the route followed may be added here for | the benefit of others who may wish to visit the place. We went north on the paved highway (No. 5) from Jasper, Walker County, about 5 miles to the outskirts of the village of Manchester, and there turned north- eastward on an improved dirt road, going 6 miles to a road fork. Here the left-hand road was taken, and after 3 miles of rather rough travelling, we reached Duncan’s Bridge over the Sipsey River. Parking on the north side, we walked east along a trail which followed the talus-piles at the base of the cliffs. About a quarter of a mile in from the bridge, the long-sought filmy-fern was found on the face of a deeply inset, moisture-laden Sandstone stratum. Its soil-reaction proved to be low mediacid, active acidity 100. Referring the locality to the nearest settlement in the same county, it may be designated as: 3 miles south of Mellville, Winston County, Alabama. THE ALABAMA CoLony oF Scorr’s SPLEENWORT.— Three years ago, as recorded by myself and Mr. Harry W. Trudell? a visit was made to the station for Asplenium ebenoides near Havana, Alabama. At that 3 AMER. FERN Journ. 20: 30. 1930. AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VOLUME 22, PLATE 6 indy SHEILANTHES GRACILLIMA. SAME LOCALITY AS PLATE 5. A FEW OF THE LOWERMOST FRONDS SHOWING NON-CIRCINATE VERNATION. OBSERVATIONS, 1931-32 83 time only 25 adult plants were seen, although there were numerous young ones. On July 13, 1932, I revisited the locality, this time in company with Mr. J. E. Benedict, r., and was glad to find that many of the young plants formerly observed have reached maturity, and at least 85 adult ones were counted in the same area as was pre- viously examined. As before, there was no Walking- fern on those rock ledges, but subsequently Mr. William A. Knight, of Biltmore Forest, N. C., has informed me that there is a colony on the opposite side of the same stream where this fern does grow with its offspring. Dr. KestNer’s Resuuts with Hysrip ASPLENIUMS.— The experiments in growing ferns from spores being carried on by Dr. Paul Kestner of Lausanne, Switzer- land, have already been referred to in this JouRNAL.* Spores from several of the presumably hybrid Asple- niums from our eastern states have been sent to him for trial, and he has communicated to me the results which form the basis for the following notes. Of all the spores of Asplenium ebenoides which he has received from various parts of this country, only those . from the above-mentioned Alabama colony have proved to be viable. Evidently in most of its occurrences this fern represents a hybrid, which has not attained fertility; but at this single locality one cross, at some past time, chanced to produce. viable spores, and its descendants have remained fertile, so that it has become a true species. | The spores of Asplenium stotleri have germinated well, and a pressed plant only two years old sent me by Dr. Kestner reproduced in a most striking way all the features shown by those in the original colony. It therefore likewise represents a hybrid (presumably of A. pinnatifidwm x A. platyneuron) which chanced to __ 4 Amer. Fern Journ. 19: 60. 1929; 21: 29. 1931. 84 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL - attain fertility, and, successfully reproducing itself, has become a species. Growing as it does only on a single small cliff (in Jefferson County, West Virginia), it is to be regarded as an example of an endemic in the re- stricted sense, ¢.e., a plant occupying a small area on the earth’s surface because it is of too recent origin to have become dispersed more widely. Perhaps it will become extinct before being able to spread, for as the result of a series of excessively dry seasons the original colony has dwindled considerably. But at least it will be preserved in cultivation in the collection assembled by Dr. Kestner. On the other hand, the spores of all specimens of A. trudelli sent thus far (from Georgia and Pennsylvania) have proved to be imperfect and non-viable, clearly in- dicating that the particular plants from which the spores came represented first-generation hybrids (of A. mon- tanum x A. pinnatifidum). Search for a colony in which fertility has been attained will, however, be continued. At. this point the hope may perhaps be expressed that some members of the American Fern Society in our own eountry will take up the growing of these rarer ferns from spores. I should be only too glad to cooperate by furnishing spore material and data as to soil acidity preference of each species or hybrid. FURTHER OCCURENCES OF THE Rocky MouNnTvAIN CLIFF- FERN IN THE East.—The eastern relative of Woodsia scopulina has been recorded thus far® from three stations in Virginia, one in West Virginia, and two in North Carolina. Two new finds of it may here be noted. First, Mr. Arthur N. Leeds of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia discovered on August 3, 1931, an addi- tional one in the first-named state, on the west side of the Cowpasture River north of Longdale, Alleghany _ County. Then, in July, 1932, I had the pleasure of 5 AMER. FERN JOURN. 19: 101. 1929. OBSERVATIONS, 1931-32 85 visiting the fern garden of Mr. William A. Knight, at Biltmore Forest, North Carolina, and found that he had growing there several clumps of an unidentified rock- fern from the cliffs of the Nolichueky-River in Unicoi County, Tennessee. On examination it proved to repre- Sent this as yet undescribed Woodsia, thus extending its known range into an additional eastern state. THE LIMESTONE ADDERSTONGUE IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA. —Mr. Palmer’s recent article on Ophioglossum engel- manni® gives a good account of the occurrence of this fern, but his locality list, being based on only two herbaria, does not represent a complete statement of its distribution. Two states in which it is known are not mentioned : its discovery in Ohio was announced by Miss Braun several years ago,’ and in the newly issued ‘‘ Ferns of Florida,’’ Dr. Small states that ‘‘Recent exploration has discovered this adders-tongue in abundance in the western part. of northern Florida.’’ In Virginia only two occurrences near Natural Bridge are cited by Mr. Palmer; the county name of these, given s “‘Breckenridge,’’ should read Rockbridge. It has also long been known near Staunton, Augusta County, and attention may here be called to its occurrence still further north. In August, 1925, as reported in this JourNa.’ I found it in association with a new species of Opuntia near Luray, Page County. In June of the present year, while accompanying Miss Lena Artz of Woodstock, Shenandoah County, in a search for native plants in that vicinity, another extensive colony of this cactus was observed on similar limestone ledges 23 miles northeast of the town, and I suggested that a search for the fern be made there. A few days later she was suc- ree 6 AMER. FERN JouRN. 22: 43. 1932. 7 AMER. Fern Journ. 17: 138. 1927. 8 AMER. Fern Journ. 16: 2. 1926. 86 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL cessful in finding it, and reports that still later, follow- ing a long-awaited rain, it came up in abundance. This extends its previously known range 15 miles northward, to latitude 38° 55’. THE CLIMBING FERN IN NortH Carouina.—In the list of ferns of this state recently published by Mr. Blom- quist,? Lygodium palmatum is indicated as occurring only in the western part, that is, in the Blue Ridge physiographic province. Several years ago I was guided by Dr. P. O. Schallert, of Winston-Salem, to the Cas- cades near Danbury, in the Piedmont province, and in wet woods near by found this fern in the greatest profu- sion. In March, 1932, Mr. Rogers MeVaugh, a graduate student in the Department of Botany of the University of Pennsylvania, found the same species two miles west of © Warsaw, in Duplin County, on the Coastal Plain. So it is evidently widely distributed over the state. PHILADELPHIA, Pa. ® AMER. FERN JOURN. 21: 86. 1931. PTERIDOPHYTES OF San Dinco Co., Cat. 87 The Pteridophytes of San Diego County, alifornia Ira L. Wiaerns (Continued from page 42) 14. CHEILANTHES COVILLEI Maxon. Although this fern is not restricted to the deserts it grows on the drier ridges and canyon walls from the Lower Sonoran to the lower Arid Transition Zones. It is fairly abundant in dry places on both the coastal and desert sides of the range, Specimens examined: Vallecitos Canyon, Wiggins 2832; Laguna, Mearns & Schoenfeldt 3608; Mountain Springs, Wiggins 2282; dry ridges between Julian and Banner, Wiggins 2030A; rocky ridge above Cottonwood Creek, 1 mile northeast of Buckman Springs, Wiggins 2412; dry hills near Campo, Abrams 3578; Wiggins 1005. 1b. CHEILANTHES CLEVELANDID D. C. Eaton. This fern takes the place of C. covillei on dry ridges in the foothills of the coastal slope from northern Lower Cali- fornia to Santa Barbara County, California. One col- lection was made in the Palomar Mountains at an alti- tude of 4000 feet, but it is usually found only in the chaparral belt. Specimens examined: Oak Grove trail to Palomar Mt., alt. 4000 ft., Munz 10393, (P.); Alpine, Grant, May 10, 1906 ; Cottonwood grade, near Potrero, Abrams 3742; hillside 1 mile west of Campo, Wiggins 1048; Campo, Parish 10822; Moreno Dam, Wiggi ns 2365. 16. PeLLAEA ANDROMEDAEFOLIA (Kaulf.) Fée. The Coffee-fern is one of the commoner ferns of the dry hill- sides of the chaparral belt and one of the first ferns to become known to me by its scientific name. The broad 88 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL leaf-segments, more or less truncate at the apex, and the fiesh-colored stipes distinctly separate it from any other western Pellaea. Growing with it one usually finds Selaginella bigelovu. Specimens examined: near Fallbrook, dry hillsides, alt. 750 ft, Munz & Harwood 3865, (P.); Mussey Grade, 7 miles north of Lakeside, Wiggins 2531; emt slopes ‘between Julian and Banner, Wiggins 2021. 17. PELLAEA MuUcRONATA (D. C. Eaton) D. C. Eaton. _ The Bird’s-foot Cliff-brake is found on dry hillsides and about rocks from northern Lower California to Mendo- cino and Butte Counties, California. Sheepmen claim that when eaten by sheep the stiff, wire-like stipes punc- ture the animals’ intestines and cause death. Specimens examined: Jacumba, Wiggins 2317; Buck- man’s Springs, Wiggins 2411; Mussey Grade, Rie 2507 ; nots i ‘Jamul and Barrett Dam, Wiggins 1959; Moreno Dam, Wiggins 2367; 5 miles west of Alpine, Wiggins 2159; between ee and Banner, Wiggins 1974; San Diego, Grant, May, 1916; Campo, "Mc@regor 1096 ; Cameron’s Ran eh, Laguna, Mearns & Schoenfeldt 36955 Alpine, Grant, May 16, 1906. 18. NoTHOLAENA NEWBERRYI D. C. Eaton.. This pretty little fern, with its fronds covered with a tawny tomentum, is an inhabitant of dry, rocky hillsides in the Upper Sonoran Zone from Lower California to Los Angeles County, California. It is one of those ferns which has an irresistible appeal for the collector, not common enough to become tiresome, nor so rare as to seem unattainable. Specimens examined: near Secttae alt. 750 ft., Munz & Harwood 3864, (P.); Muss y Grade, Wiggins 2506; Foster, Minnie Reed, March iL, “189 6. 19. NoTHOLAENA CALIFoRNIcCA D. C. Eaton. This Cloak-fern is much rarer than N. newberry?, or at least PreripopHytes oF San Dirco Co., Can. 89 is collected less frequently, and ranges along the desert Slopes of the Riverside and San Diego County moun- tains. It also occurs on Santa Catalina Island off south- ern California, and ranges eastward to Arizona and south into Lower California. It is found in crevices of rocks in the Lower and Upper Sonoran Zones. Specimens examined: Spring Valley, Miss L. F. Kim- hel (no date or number, P.). 20. Marsiuea vestirA Hook. & Grev. Margins of ponds and along muddy ditches, Lower Sonoran to Arid Transition Zones, northern Lower California to British Columbia and eastward to the Mississippi Valley. About the margins of Cuyamaca Lake this attractive plant carpets the drying mud over large areas. During favorable seasons it looks as though acres were bearing four-leafed clover. Very good fruiting material can always be obtained here during the late summer, a few minutes collecting usually securing several hundred fine sporocarps. Specimens examined: Cuyamaca Lake, Abrams 3852; Wiggins 2119; 2637; Laguna, Wiggins 2789; 2796; Mystie Lake, near Moreno, Munz & Johnston 5154. 21. Pmvunarta AMERICANA’ A. Br. In small pools and depressions on the clay mesas in the vicinity of San Diego and extending northward in similar habitats to southern Oregon. It is very local in its distribution, but _where found is very abundant. Specimens examined: mesas near San Diego, literally filling the pools on the mesas, Tracy 801, (P. ); Ramona, in clay depressions, Brandegee 3376. 22. AZOLLA FILICULOIDES Lam. This little Azolla is very abundant on the surfaces of pools and quiet streams in the Sonoran and Transition Zones, and 90 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL ranges from the State of Washington southward through Mexico into South America. It frequently completely covers small ponds and renders their sur- faces a light green which turns to a bright red as the fronds mature. Large quantities are easily scooped up from such pools. Although it normally grows floating about on the surface of the water, larger fronds with better fruit are produced when the rootlets strike into the sand or mud along the margins of the stream or pond. Specimens examined: old dam at summit of Potrero Grade, Wiggins 1835; Sweetwater Valley, Susan G. Stokes, June, 1895; San Luis Rey River, 4 miles west of © Pala, Wiggins 3064. 23. ISOnTES HOWELLII MINIMA (A. A. Eaton) Pfeif. This Quillwort is known only from the type collection taken at San Diego by C. R. Oreutt in May, 1903. I have not seen the specimen. Miss Pfeiffer believes that this plant is often overlooked in material of I. nuttallit. 24. PN NuTTALLU A. Br. This is the little [soetes which grows in shallow vernal pools from Washington . to northern Lower California. It sometimes nearly chokes the small spring-time pools of the Sacramento Valley, and occurs in isolated patches in both the Upper Sonoran and Transition Zones. , i ge examined: San Diego, Brandegee, March , 1895. : 25. Isozres orcuttn A. A. Eaton. Similar to the last species but smaller, with smaller megaspores which are brown instead of white when wet. It grows in like habi- tats but extends northward only to the Sacramento Valley. PTERIDOPHYTES OF San Diego Co., Cau. 91 Specimens examined: mesas near San Diego, Tracy £22, (P.), 26. EQUISETUM TELMATEIA Ehrh. Not uncommon in moist places in all Zones from the Lower Sonoran to the Canadian, from northern Lower California to British Columbia. Specimens examined: Noble’s Ranch between Pine Valley and Laguna, Mearns 3973; small stream 8 miles north of Henshaw Dam, Wiggins e710; 27. EQUISETUM FUNSTONI A, A. Eaton. This little representative of the Scouring Rushes is quite different in general appearance from the larger species listed above. Its stems are heavily coated with silica and both sterile and fertile stems are gray instead of the usual vivid green. Nor does it grow in quite such moist places, usually occurring along a bank or on a slope some distance above the stream. It is essentially a plant of the desert and semi-desert areas from northern Lower California to Santa Barbara and Inyo Counties, Cali- fornia. It is found along the dry washes of the desert streams and is known only from the Lower and Upper Sonoran Zones. Specimens examined: stream bank 12 miles east of Ramona, Wiggins 2611; Henshaw Dam, Wiggins 3118. 28. EquisETUM KANSANUM Schaffn. This Horse-tail, sO common in the Mississippi Valley, is rare in southern California but has been collected in a few places south of the Tehachepi Mountains. In central California and northward to British Columbia it grows in shaded, moist places in the Upper Sonoran and Transition Zones. Specimens examined: Cuyamaca Lake, Wiggins 3189. 29. SeLAGINELLA BIGELOvI Underw. On dry ridges and about rocks and chaparral from northern Lower 92 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL California northward in the Upper Sonoran Zone to Santa Clara County, California. Enormous quantities of this peculiar xerophyte grow in some localities and in years of low rainfall when the grass is scarce it is cropped very closely by cattle, burros and sheep. Tufts of the plant so thoroughly dried by the scorching sun that they crumble at the slightest touch, spring into life and turn a bright gray-green almost over night if placed in ccna In this respect it is truly a ‘‘resurrection plant.’ Specimens examined: San Miguel Mt., Kimball, March 12, 1899; Julian, Alderson 704; Jamul Creek at El Nido P. O., Mearns 3881; Lakeside, Grant 6869; Mussey Grade, Wiggins 2508; Moreno Dam, Wiggins 2761; Otay Mesa, Wiggins 3270. 30. SELAGINELLA CINERASCENS A. A. Eaton. This plant is found on clay soil in the Lower and Upper Sonoran Zones on the coastal side of the mountains from San Diego County, southward two hundred miles or more into Lower California. The stems are prostrate- creeping and form a fine mat over great areas. The mass of stems and rootlets hold the soil tenaciously and some of the small Neomammillaria and Ferocactus plants push up the soil in small circles, and when they die, leave numerous miniature craters in the soil to mark the sites of their former existence. The mat formed by the Selaginella helps to hold the soil and these little craters retain their outlines for a number of years, the depression soon becoming covered with the same growth. Specimens examined: bare hillsides, San Diego, Parish 8710; Poway Grade, Parish 10765; Mussey Grade, Wiggins 2517; dry hills near Old Town, San Diego, Parish 9134; Mission Hills, San Diego, Abrams REcENT Fern LITERATURE 93 31. SELAGINELLA ASPRELLA Maxon. This is a small, rare plant of rocky ridges in the Arid Transition Zone known only from the San Antonio and San Bernardino Mountains and from one locality in San Diego County. I have never seen the plant in San Diego County, but Dr. Munz told me he had collected it near Resort, in the Laguna Mountains. I have not seen the specimens. STANFORD UNIVERSITY, CALIFORNIA. Recent Fern Literature Lawton, Elva. Regeneration and Induced gente in Ferns. Am. Journ. Bot. 19: 303-333. 1932. It has been found experimentally possible e fern workers to cause the production of prothallia directly from ordinary fern leaves. Miss Elva Lawton recently carried on such experiments with eleven American species which had not previously been worked with. According to her method, she first grew young fern plants from spores and then made use of young leaves. These were placed in a culture solution and left for de- velopment. Apparently, the first and second leaves were best for this purpose. As a result of the regeneration of prothallia from leaf tissue, the cells of the new prothallia would contain twice as many chromosomes as are normal for this tis- sue. When new fern plants developed from this re- generated prothallia, their cells should also contain a number twice that of normal leaves. Since differences in chromosome number are well recognized as a basis for changes in in the form of the plant, it is to be ex- pected that the new fern plants would be different. So far, they are not old enough to show what their final characteristics will be, but they are distinctively dif- ferent, although recognizable as belonging to the species. 94 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL This article of Miss Lawton’s has considerable inter- est, not only scientifically, but from the standpoint of less technical fern workers. This experiment was begun at the University of Michigan, and is still being con- tinued in the greenhouses of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden.—R. C. BENEDICT. Small, John K.—Ferns of Florida. Science Press. 1931. 3.00. Ferns of Tropical Florida. Published by author. 1918. $1.55. Ferns of Royal Palm Ham- mock (Florida). Published by author. 1918. $.50. Not infrequently inquiries come to the editors for references to fern books covering local areas which mem- bers may be expecting to visit. With the publication of Dr. Small’s book ‘‘Ferns of Florida’’ there is now an excellent reference for the state which has the richest fern flora in the whole country. As Dr. Small notes there are 107 species of ferns and other pteridophytes native to Florida, representing 48 genera, 14 families, and 6 orders. ‘“‘These many fern-plants are available for study and collection at all times of the year—there is no closed season for ferns in Florida. The plants of the species growing in northern Florida are quite hardy and do not wither during the periodic cold spells. Those growing in the peninsula, although as a rule of more tender kinds, occur in habitats—hammocks and grottoes—protected from the cold waves that occasionally sweep down from the north. ‘Consequently, the fern student in Florida has the advantages of a very great variety in fern life and an all-year season for exploration and study.’’ Dr. Small’s little book (of 237 pages) is beautifully illustrated with careful line drawings of the species Recent Fern LITERATURE 95 represented. In his introduction, he lists the specific habitats and the particular ferns to be expected in each habitat. Seven of these are noted as peculiar to Florida. The text and its illustrations certainly furnish a keen stimulus to any fern lover to visit the state of Florida and follow Dr. Small’s leads in becoming acquainted with its fern species. It may be noted further that Dr. Small has recently presented copies of these three books to the Fern Society Library.—R. C. BENeEptct. Brother Victorin has added three short notes to his already long and interesting series on pteridophytes. One describes Lycopodium. tristachyum, var. boreale, a single-spiked variant collected by the brothers Porsild at Great Bear Lake, very far from the previously recorded range of the species. In addition, a lesser ex- tension of range for typical L. tristachyum (Charlton Island in James Bay) is reported. The other two notes deal with Botrychium minganense. A probable collection of it at Great Bear Lake (also by the Porsilds) is put on record. Apropos of certain west- ern collections, it is again discussed, this time in contrast with B. pumicola, and a revised key to B. Lunaria, B. minganense, B. simplex and B. pumicola is given. As in the original key, the primary divisions rest mainly on a difference in the size of the spores, ‘‘24-32”’ microns in one, ‘‘32-44’’ in the other.t Aside from the difficulty of placing a plant with spores 32 microns in diameter (and experience teaches that, in the natural 4 There is a mecondinry gata the sterile lamina of B. Lunaria being referred to as and that of B. minganense as **pinnatisequé,. ’’ Victorin has, very kindly, informed me that this manner of statement was due to an error. What was meant was that the sterile lamina is practically never ternate in B. Lunaria; in two of the other three three species it commonly is. 96 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL depravity of things, such a plant is sure to turn up), this manner of division throws B. minganense with B. sim- plex. This is an apparently artificial grouping; surely, in all but the size of the spores, B. minganense is like B. Lunaria rather than B. simplex. If it be argued that a key is a practical device and is not required to hold to natural groupings, the answer is that for practical purposes some character more obvious and easier to get at than microscopic measurements of spores should be chosen; and that, if no other can be found, there is proper ground to doubt the specific dis- tinctness of B. minganense. I have gone into the matter too little to speak with assurance, but there is evidence to indicate that in B. Lunaria and B. minganense the low, wart-like markings of the spores, present in all the Botrychia I have ex- amined, are finer and more numerous than in other east- American species. This, taken together with the pinnate manner of division of the sterile lamina and the normally long common stalk, may well furnish a natural basis of distinction between the group of B. Lwnaria and that of B. simplex, with its more coarsely verrucose spores and normally short common stalk, and its tendency to enlargement of the lowest pinnae of the sterile lamina and consequent ternate division in well-developed plants. The obstacle to this otherwise excellent division lies in the queer and problematic little plant (not considered _ by Vietorin here) which A. A. Eaton called B. tenebro- sum. It has the pinnately parted sterile lamina and the generally long common stalk of the group of B. Lunaria, but there the resemblance ceases. Its spores, though Somewhat variable, are in size and marking more like those of B. simplex ; like that species, the number of its pinnae is small; and the whole architecture of its lamina is so like that of young and poorly developed individuals ReEcENtT Fern LITERATURE 97 of B. simplex that it is often not too easy to tell the two apart. It thus falls more or less across the lines drawn above. It has been treated as a species (Underwood, Benedict, Vietorin) and as a variety of B. matricariae- folium (Clute); it has been reduced outright to that species (Davenport) and to B. simplex (Robinson). Curiously, it has, so far as I know it, a natural range, very similar to that of the Massachusetts fern. So, from its obscure haunts—dim: hollows in deeply shaded woods —it still defies convincing classification. It neither stands firmly on its legs as a separate species nor fits comfort- ably within the limits of any other. It may be added, parenthetically, that in my present opinion (subject to revision without notice) B. minga- nense and B. onondagense are only leaf-forms of B. Lu- naria, with segments subspatulate, flabellate and lunate respectively and grading into each other. I only wish I could arrive at as definite an opinion in regard to B. tenebrosum?,—C. A. WEATHERBY. Professor Alfred S. Goodale of Amherst College has for some years been studying the flora of the Connecticut River watershed in Massachusetts,—the whole west-cen- tral portion of the state. By way, he says, of a report of progress, he has issued a check list of the pteridophyta of the region, printed on one side of the page only, the other being left blank for notes by the user. The nomen- clature of Gray’s Manual is used as a basis; synonymy and bibliographic references in cases of departure from the Manual are given. - The little pamphlet (7 pages) is well printed on good paper and should be useful to fern students of the region covered. 2Frére Marie-Victorin. ‘Sur quelques ptéridophytes Nord- Amérieains. Contrib. Lab. Bot. Univ. Montréal no. 21. 1932 98 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL The current number of the British Fern Gazette opens with a photograph of ‘‘Polypodium v. Cambricum Bar- rowit’’ a luxuriant bipinnatifid form of the polypody. There is an obituary of the late G. C. Druce and a brief account of a well-known English fern-grower, Mr. Henry Bolton. There are articles on difficulties (and successes) in growing refractory ferns, on preparing ferns for ex- hibit, manure for ferns, old age in ferns and other topics of interest to the grower. The supposed larvicidal prop- erties of Chara fragilis are denied. A brief historical summary of old theories of the method of reproduction in ferns is given. Altogether, the number is a pleasantly varied and interesting one. Dr. R. C. Ching, who is continuing his studies of Chi- nese ferns in the second volume of the Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, illustrates, in one of them, the manner in which old ‘‘cosmopolitan’’ species are being whittled away by modern taxonomists. In the days when Hooker and Baker’s ‘‘Synopsis Filicum’’ ruled over the classification of ferns, Woodwardia radt- cans ranged from the Azores through Mediterranean Europe and southern and eastern Asia to western North America and Central America. Some years ago the American element was separated, first as one species, W. spinulosa, then as two, W. spinulosa and W. Chamis- sot. Dr. Ching now removes the Asiatic plant as W. unigemmata, leaving W. radicans only southern Europe and the Atlantic Islands. SuHorTER Notes 99 Shorter Notes Ferns aS WEEDS IN New ZEaLAND.—Further data on this subject are to be found in an article recently con- tributed to the Journal of the Linnaean Society of Lon- don (49: 13-45, pls. 3-7. 1932) by three New Zealand botanists, Messrs. Cockayne, Simpson and Thomson. In addition to the bracken, two other species with far-creep- ing rootstocks, Histiopteris incisa and Paesia scaberula, are frequently very troublesome weeds in pastures. Ly- copodium fastigiatum is also a weed in grassland in some localities. It is as forest weeds, however, that New Zealand ferns function most vigorously. A weed, from the forester’s point of view, may be defined as any plant which hinders the establishment and proper development of seedlings of timber trees. At least one tree-fern, Dicksonia squar- rosa, and several semi-tree-ferns, species of Blechnum, send out runners from the base of the trunk which are capable of producing new plants in great abundance. In established forest this sort of propagation is more or less held in check, but in clearings the ferns have a nearly free field and, since the growth of their runners is rapid, soon form dense colonies within which little else can grow. They are not fatally damaged by fire and form a very considerable obstacle to the reestablishment of timbered forests. DieuaziuM PETERSENID AS AN Escape.—aAs instances of ferns acting as escapes are decidedly infrequent, it may be well to describe a new ease in some detail. Dipla- - zium Petersenii (Kuntze) Christ is a widespread fern of southern and eastern Asia. Consequently its appear- ance in eastern Brazil (LZ. B. Smith & A. C. Brade no. 2268) is unexpected, to say the least. 100 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL I happen to remember the circumstances of collecting it rather clearly. Mr. A. C. Brade, botanist and fern _ specialist from the national museum of Rio de Janeiro, had taken me out collecting in the classical region of the Organ Mountains on April 7, 1929. We took the train for Petropolis, the old summer capital, but left it at Meio da Serra halfway up the seaward slope of the Organs and struck into the matto, as the Brazilian jungle is expres- sively termed. Then followed a day such as one often dreams of but rarely realizes. Ferns everywhere, and it seemed as if each clump was a different kind. As we came to each Mr. Brade called off its name, with one ex- ception. Here he confessed himself stumped and asked me to report the name to him if I ever came across it. On returning to the Gray Herbarium with my collec- tions, this fern again stood out as the puzzle of the lot. Finally it was run to earth by Dr. E. B. Copeland who recognized it as the Asiatic Diplazium Petersenii. In looking back it is very difficult to explain its oc- currence. We collected it in the forest along with such typical Brazilian ferns as Asplenium serra, A. regulare, Alsophila armata, Dryopteris submarginalis, and Poly- podium paradiseae. It is possible for spores to have spread from material carried on the railroad, in which case one would expect the fern to be established more commonly. Yet I collected repeatedly within the city limits of Rio de Janeiro and never ran across it.—l. B. Situ, Gray Herbarium, Cambridge, Mass. THE CoLoR OF THE Young Royau Fern Leaves.—Dr. A. H. G. Alston of the British Museum, London, who prompted the inquiry regarding possible differences in pigmentation between American and European royal ferns has now contributed comment based on the young ~ SHortTer Notes 101 leaves of 1932. ‘‘The English form of the Royal Fern has slightly brownish leaves.’’ He has forwarded a specimen of a leaf in the erozier state which shows a considerable amount of light brown cottony scaly covering and a rather dark brown leaf tis- sue. Observations from others will be weleome.—R. C. B. It may be worth while to add, by way of starting the ball of observation rolling, that in two large colonies of the American form in Connecticut, examined by me in the spring of 1932, green and red-tinged plants were present in about equal numbers.—C. A. W. Miss Nellie M. Sadler sends in the following list of ferns collected in Onondaga County, New York—the region in which this year’s field meeting of the Fern Society was held and which has long been famous as one of the American localities for hart’s-tongue. Nomencla- ture is that of Gray’s Manual. Polypodium vulgare wd spinulosum Phegopteris polypodioides ‘ intermedium hexagonoptera Cystopterts roast iia yopteris ye pedatum Woodsia ilvensis Pieris aquilina obtusa Pellaea atropurpurea icksonia Poco Cryptogramma Stelleri Onoclea s sibilis Woodwardia virginica Stra thiopteris Asplenium th ron Osmunda regalis ustifolium pbs a nae Trichomanes Botrychium onondagene # *Ruta-muraria Ue Filia-femina patos Scolopendrium vulgare “= obliquum Camptosorus rhizophyllus re aa Polystichum acrostichoides var. dissectum Aspidium a Lens 5s ternatum. oracense var, intormedium ce mar ese e (a3 virginian he Goldianum Ophioglossum “enlgatum 2 cristatum Marsilea — ifolia vty 6 Azolla caroliniana *var. Clintonianum 102 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Species marked with an asterisk were collected in the ease of Botrychium onondagense by Dr. John B. Todd, in the other cases by Miss Minnie L. Overacker. American Fern Society Mr. F. G. Floyd, Sierra Madre, California, has a few specimens of Cheilanthes californica (Nutt.) Mett. which he will distribute to members of the Society who will send him ten cents to cover postage. Mr. Allan MacCaskill, Jr., Coleraine, Victoria, Aus- tralia, would like to acquire, by exchange or otherwise, North American specimens of the following: Botrychium Lunaria, simplex, virginianum, pinnatum, ternatum, lanceolatum, ramosum, obliquum, pumicola, minganense ; Asplenium Bradleyi, Trudelli, Stotleri, Gravesii; Dry- opteris dilatata, var. americana; Polypodium virginia- num, f. cambricoides; Marsilea vestita, uncinata; Azolla caroliniana; Selaginella Sherwoodii, rupestre, tortipila, acanthonota, Underwoodti, Sheldoni. Mr. Irving W. Knobloch, Buffalo City Hospital, 462 Grider St., Buffalo, N. Y., would like to exchange living specimens of species and varieties of pteridophytes with members of the Society. New members: Fagley, Frederick L., 40 Ridgeview Ave., White Plains, N. Y. Foote, J. R., 1341 Seott Ave. Winnetka TH. Miller, Erskine R., 701 Silver Spring Ave., Silver ith: Md. Sener, Miss Ruth, 933 Charlotte St., Lassie p Williamson, Mrs, 8. J., 2405 Univemats Ave., Des "“itaan Towa. AMERICAN FERN Society 103 Change of address: Ammons, Miss Nellie, 299 Glendon Ave., Morgantown, W. Va. Farwell, Oliver A., Box 265, Lake omit Mich. Flett, J. B., R. D. 2 2, Bremerton, Was Hewitt, Judith D., 72 East 93rd St., ee York City. Humphrey, Gisens S., 19 Hyatt St., Staten Island, N. Y. pene Arehdeacon A., 16B Gray St., Port of Spain, Trini- oW.. St. w York N ‘choles, Miss Zaida, 121 Madison Ave., New York City Osterlund, P., 131-15 140th St., South Ozone Park, Pe York, N, dad, Kaufman, gout Pauling Hotel Narragansett, Broadway & 94th ity. 2. O’Rourke, Miss Nina T., 119 Haight St., San Francisco, Cal. Porter, Miss ze ins Apakiocat A-7, 3 Greenridge Ave., White Plai fh & Prinee, S. ge 4634 Adams St., Lincoln, Neb. This number of the JourNAL is late, because, at the time when it should have gone to the printer, there was not enough copy on hand to fill it. At the present writing (October 15th), there is not enough for no. 4; that also will, in all probability, be late. Other numbers have been behind hand for other reasons, but it is a long time since there has been a shortage of copy. Why there should be now is not ap- parent; it is to be hoped that the condition is accidental and will right itself in due time. Meanwhile, possible contributors are asked to bear in mind that the JourNAL is almost wholly dependent on them and ean be issued only when, as and if they furnish the wherewithal to fill it. All are urged to send in notes.and articles on anything of interest relating to ferns which may have come to their notice. THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB MEMBERSHIP Including Bulletin, Memoirs, and Torreya, $5.00 a year PUBLIC say 8 Bulletin. a established 1870. ere $4.00 a years Dasha numbers 40 ce Of former aime 3 y 24-47 can sup- Sans sepa. rately. bags prrraes ge ended for cabkestes * in the ULLETIN uld be addressed Tracy E. Hazen, Editor, Barnard College: Columbia University, New York City. Torreya. Bi-monthly, established 1901. Price, $1.00 a year. Manuscripts intended for publication in TorrEya should be ad- ace ty to Grorce T, Hastines, Editor, Robbins Place, Yonkers, Memoirs. Occasional, established 1889. Price, $3.00 a volume. 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Vol. 22 October-December, 1932 No. 4V Ampriran Fern Journal A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO FERNS Published by the AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY oe EDITORS R. C. BENEDICT E. J. WINSLOW C. A. WEATHERBY oF CONTENTS Ferns and Fern Allies of Missouri E. J. Parmer & J. A. Sreverwark 105 Diagnostic Key to the Species of Equisetum J. H. Scuarrner 122 More about Isoetes Lechleri Mett T. C. Patmer 129 x Recent Fern Literature 32 Shorter Notes 355 American Fern Society 137 Index to Volume 22 140 AL SUBSCRIPTION, $125: FOREIGN, $1.35 0 — PA. ~ ANNUAL LIME & GREEN STS.. AUBURNDALE, MAS Entered as second-class matter at the post office PAX A under the Act of March 3, 1879. Acceptance for i. vets at co REE 8 rate of postage provided for in section 1103, Act of Octo authorized on July 8, 1918. Che American Hern Society Council for 1932 OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR Wiiuiam R, Maxon, Smithsonian Institution, pire at D. C., side nt mg Cartorta C. Hatt, Stanford University, Calif., Fice president By. C. 8. Lewis, 66 South Swan St, Albany, N. ¥.. eretary - "6. UNnpbErwoop, Hartland, Vt a ae pale OFFICIAL ORGAN American Fern Jnurnal EDITORS Raps C. BENEpIct................1819 Dorchester Road, Brooklyn, N. Y. Bo Wisseew Chesterfield Road, Brattleboro, Vt. C. A. WEATHERBY |W... __Cambr idge, Mass An ee — devoted to the general study of ferns. aahinse, will be furn med, Sais a ae They should be ordered when proof i is return ol: Volume I, six numbers, $2.00; other _— $1.25 each. Single back numbers 35 cents each. Vol. I, no. 1; vol. III, nos. 2, 3, and 4; and vol. IV, no. 1 cannot be su meee except with cals vO slumes. Ten per sag discount to members and institutions om orders of six volum Matter for pobcation should be addressed to R. C. Benedict - bat Dorchester Road, or Brooklyn Botanic Gasden, 1000 Was m Ave., Brook! ‘Orders for back numbers should be sent to the — of ha klyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, N. Y. r business coml- monieations should be addressed tx EB. J. Siaxasiet. Auburn dale, ass. CURATOR OF THE HERBARIUM L. 8. Horxs Culver-Stockton College, Canton, Mo. A regular loan department is maintained in connection with the ping os, Members may borrow specimens from _ any time, the borrower paying all postal or express charges. pages of the Parana are also open to members who wish to arrange a membership list is published to further assist thos¢ povac e, in obtaining specimens from different localities. Ampriran Bern Journal Vou. 22 OCTOBER-DECEMBER, 1932 No. 4 The Ferns and Fern Allies of Missouri ERNEST J. PALMER AND JULIAN A. STEYERMARK The fern flora of eastern North cnc: attains its maximum development in the number of species as well as in the luxuriant abundance of many of them, in the northeastern states and in the Appalachian Mountains. The number of species diminishes gradually westward, and most of them have disappeared in the plains states, although some few extend to the Rocky Mountains, where they meet many species from the west and south, and a few of the latter range eastward as far as the Mississippi Valley. The State of Missouri, situated about half-way between the northern and southern boundaries and somewhat east of the geographical center of the United States, embraces the western range limit of several species of ferns and fern allies. Both on account of its central geographical position and of the great diversity of its topography and of its rocks and soils, the fern flora of the state is some- _what richer and more diverse than that of most of the surrounding states. Three distinet topographical regions are found in the state, and several more or less well-marked subdivisions of these might be recognized on the basis of geological formations and soils. The three main divisions from [ Volume 22, No. 3 of the JouRNAL, pages 69-104, plates 5 and 6, Was issued Oct. 29, 1932.] 105 106 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL north to south are the Prairie region, the Ozark region, and the Southeastern lowland region. The Prairie region occupies most of the area north of the Missouri River as well as a wedge-shaped strip along the west side of the state, with its thin edge at the south- western corner. This region is more exactly a border- land or transition zone between the semi-mountainous, broken, Ozark plateau and the western prairies and plains. Wide strips of prairie occupying the uplands are divided by wooded valleys along the larger streams, and there are often narrow borders of small trees along their tributaries. Most of the area north of the Missouri River was invaded by the glacial ice of the Kansan epoch, and deposits of transported soil, clay and gravel cover much of the surface. Small areas near the junction of the Missouri and Mississippi rivers escaped glaciation, and stratified limestones and sandstones of early Paleo- zoic age frequently outcrop along stream bluffs and hills. To the westward and over most of the area, the glacial drift is underlaid by the sandstones and shales of the Pennsylvanian series, and there are some local deposits of limestone at several places. A narrow strip of Mis- sissippian limestone and chert extends from the western slopes of the Ozark plateau into the unglaciated part of the prairie region south of the Missouri River. Ferns are not generally very abundant in this region, and the species found are mostly those having a wide distribution in other parts of the state. The only fern that has been discovered that seems restricted to this region in the state is the Ostrich Fern (Pteretis nodu- losa), which is known from one station just within the northern border. The Ozark region is a dissected plateau over which rock formations of great variety and of several geological ages are exposed. The low domes and peaks of the Iron Ferns or Missovurr 107 Mountains in the eastern part are composed largely of granite, porphyritic trachyte, and other igneous rocks, and surrounding them are concentrie bands of sedi- mentary rocks, mostly sandstones and limestones of early Paleozoic age. The soils resulting from the disintegra- tion of the igneous and siliceous rocks are largely acid, and several ferns that can be classed as oxylophiles reach the western limit of their distribution here. Beds of magnesian limestone or dolomite and of sand- stone, of Cambrian or Ordovician age, underlie much of the region to the west, and these are overlaid by strata of the purer limestone of the Mississippian series. Both the Ordovician dolomite and the Mississippian limestone contain large quantities of chert at certain horizons, and this often remains as a surface deposit after the more soluble rocks have been removed by erosion or solution. The soils resulting from the disintegration of the dolo- mite and limestone are more or less alkaline, and they support calciphile plants, but on ridges and slopes where the lime has been leached out and where residual de- posits of chert have been left, the soils are often acid or sub-acid. Rock exposures along bluffs, hillsides, and in glades are frequent throughout the region, while accumulations of rich soil and humus are found along the shaded bases of cliffs and in the deep cafions and valleys, and the numerous springs issuing in such places sometimes pro- duce boggy areas of small extent. Such a variety of conditions naturally furnishes suitable habitats for many ferns, although the long dry summers restrict or inhibit others. Nearly all of the species of wide distribution in other parts of the state are found throughout the Ozarks, and many others are restricted to this region. The Southeastern lowlands region occupies several counties in that corner of the state bordering on the Mis- AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VOLUME 22, PLATE 7 CHERT BARRENS NEAR JOPLIN, MISSOURI, WITH CHEILANTHES LANOSA, ETC, FERNS or Missouri 109 sissippi River and on the State of Arkansas. It isan area of slight relief, broken only by a line of low hills, known as Crowley Ridge, through the central part. There are practically no outcrops of solid rock in this region. The whole area was originally heavily forested and much of it was swamp land. Many southern plants are found ~ here, and the region is topographically a northward ex- tension of the coastal plain; it belongs to the Lower Sonoran life zone, while nearly all of the rest of the state is Upper Sonoran. Not many species of ferns are found in the swamps and low woods, but species of Osmunda, Onoclea, Athyrium, Equisetum and Selaginella apoda are characteristic, and several other genera and species are found on Crowley Ridge. Woodwardia areolata has been found in the state only in this region. In compiling this list of the Ferns and Fern Allies of Missouri, and in working out their distribution in the _ State we have examined the material in the Gray Her- barium and in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, and this has been supplemented by collections and records made by the authors and by notes furnished by Mr. B. F. Bush, Mr. J. H. Kellogg and others. The ecological data is largely based upon observations and field notes of the two authors. While we have tried to make the list and notes on distribution as complete as the present knowledge of the fern flora of the state would permit, we have included only species of which authentic specimens have been seen, and several that have pre- viously been credited to the state have not been verified and are omitted for that reason. For such species as are found over most or all of the state the range is given as general, while for the more restricted species the region _is indicated and in some cases the distribution by coun- ties is given. We have endeavored to bring the nomenclature up to 110 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL date according to the latest usage, and while no com- plete synonomy is attempted, where the names adopted differ from those published in the general manuals and might therefore be unfamiliar to many readers, the names previously used are shown as synonyms. The parenthetical abbreviation (G) refers to the name used in the Seventh Edition of Gray’s Manual, and (B & B) to that found in the Second Edition of Britton & Brown’s Illustrated Flora. We wish to express our thanks to Mr. C. A. Weatherby for his assistance and interest, as well as to others who have contributed notes and information. This list may be considered as supplementary to a general Catalogue of the Phanerogamous Plants of Mis- souri, which the authors expect to publish soon, and those who are interested in a fuller description of the state and its flora should consult that work. Family PouyropracEAg POLYPODIUM VIRGINIANUM L. Polypodium vulgare of Auth., not L. (G), (B & B). See Rhodora 24: 141. 1922 Dry shaded bluffs or ledges of sandstone, granite or porphyritie trachyte. Oxylophile. Eastern Mo.: Lincoln, Warren, Callaway, Montgomery, St. Charles, St. Louis, Franklin, Jefferson, Ste. Genevieve, St- Francois, Iron, Madison, Texas and Phelps counties. PoLypoprum PoLypopiomwEs (L.) Watt. On trees in the southeastern lowlands, and on trees or more frequently on sandstone or chert rocks in the — Ozark region. Oxylophile. Southern Mo., northeast on St. Peter sandstone to St. Louis Co. FrErns or Missouri 111 NOTHOLAENA DEALBATA (Pursh) Kunze. Limestone and dolomite cliffs and ledges. Calei- phile. Southern and western Mo., and locally along the Missouri River: Holt, Platte, Jackson, Boone, Jasper, McDonald, Barry, Greene, Stone, Taney and Ozark counties. ADIANTUM PEDATUM L. Rich woods or rarely on moist cliffs. Cireumneutral. General. ApIANTUM CaprLLus-VENrrRIs L. Usually on wet caleareous or siliceous cliffs, rarely in woods, as in Saline Co. Calciphile to cireumneutral. Southern Mo., and north to Saline and Jefferson coun- ties PTERIDIUM LATIUSCULUM (Desv.) Hier., Wiss. Ergebn. Schwed. Rhod. Kongo-Exped. 1911-1912. 1, heft. 1: 7. 14. Dry open woods. Oxylophile. Southern Mo. PTERIDIUM LATIUSCULUM var, PSEUDOCAUDATUM (Clute) Maxon, Am. Fern Journ. 9: 44. 1 Pteris aquilina var. pseudocaudata Clute (G). Dry open woods in cherty, sandstone, or granitic regions. Oxylophile. Southern and central Mo., north to Phelps and St. Louis counties. CHEILANTHES ALABAMENSIS (Buckley) Kunze. Shaded ledges of dry caleareous bluffs. Caleiphile. Southwestern Mo.: MeDonald and Taney counties. CHEILANTHES LANOSA (Michx.) Watt. On dry siliceous, granitic, or porphyrite trachyte rocks. Oxylophile. Southern and central Mo. 112 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL CHEILANTHES FEEr Moore. On dry caleareous cliffs and boulders. Calciphile. Southern and central Mo.; and north along Mississippi River to Pike and Ralls counties. PELLAEA ATROPURPUREA (L.) Link. Caleareous cliffs and boulders, and rarely on gra- nitie or siliceous rocks. Calciphile to cireumneutral. General. PELLAEA ATROPURPUREA Var. CRISTATA Trelease. Limestone cliffs. Eureka, St. Louis Co. PELLAEA GLABELLA Mett. Pellaea atropurpurea var. Bushii Mackenzie, Man. Fl. Jackson Co., Mo. 5. 1902, and including Pel- laea atropurpurea var. minima Eggert, ex Far- well, Am. Mid. Nat. 12: 281, in synon. 1912. Usually on calcareous cliffs or boulders. Calciphile. Southern and central Mo., north to Jackson, Cooper and Marion counties. ASPLENIUM PINNATIFIDUM Nutt. Shaded sandstone and porphyritic trachyte cliffs and boulders. Oxylophile. Southeastern Ozark re- gion: Madison, Ste. Genevieve, Iron and Shannon counties. Rare. © ASPLENIUM EBENOIDES R. R. Scott. Chert or limestone boulders. Scattered in eastern and southern Mo.: St. Louis, Wayne and Ozark coun- ties. Associated with Asplenium platyneuron and Camptosorus oo of which it has been proved ' to bea hybrid. Rare ASPLENIUM PLATYNEURON (L.) Oakes. Open woods and thickets and on sandstone, chert Ferns or Missourt 113 or granitic rocks and ledges. Cireumneutral to oxylo-' phile. General. ASPLENIUM PLATYNEURON f. sERRATUM (E. S. Miller) Hoffm., Bost. Soe. Nat. Hist. 36: 193. 1922 Astana platyneuron var. serratum (E. S. Mil- ler) BSP. (G). Rocky woods and ledges. Occasional‘ with the spe- cies. Southern and central Mo.: Jackson, Stone and Jasper counties. ASPLENIUM RESILIENS Kunze. Asplenium parvulum Mart. & Gal. (G). Usually on ealeareous cliffs and boulders. Caleci- phile. Southern Mo., and recorded locally from Jack- son ASPLENIUM TRICHOMANES L. Usually on granitic, sandstone, or chert cliffs and boulders, rarely on caleareous rocks. Oxylophile. Southern Mo. ASPLENIUM CRYPTOLEPIS Fernald, Rhodora 30: 41. 1929. Asplenium Ruta-muraria of Auth. in part, not L. (G), (B&B Caleareous cliffs and ledges. Calciphile. Southern and east-central Mo.: Jefferson, Washington, Perry, St. Francois, Iron, Wayne, Shannon, Carter and Stone counties, ASPLENIUM BraDLeEYI D. C. Eaton.- Usually on granitic, chert or sandstone cliffs. Oxylo- phile. Southern and central Mo.: Ste. Genevieve, Perry, Madison, Ripley, St. Clair, Vernon, rene and Ozark counties. Seattered and rare. 114 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL - ATHYRIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM (Michx.) Milde. Asplenium angustifolium Michx. (G). Asplenium pycnocarpon Spreng. (B&B). Rich woods. Cirecumneutral. Southern and cen- tral Mo. ATHYRIUM ACROSTICHOIDES (Sw.) Diels. Asplenium acrostichoides Sw. (G). Athyrium thelypteroides (Michx.) Desv. (B & B). Rich woods. Circumneutral. Eastern Mo.: Adair, Pike, St. Louis, Jefferson, Franklin, Ste. Genevieve, Stoddard and Scott counties. ATHYRIUM ASPLENIOIDES (Michx.) Desv. Asplenium Filiz-femina of Am. Auth., in part (G). Athyrium Filiz-femina Am. Auth., in part (B & B). Rich woods, and rarely on moist sandstone or gra- nitie cliffs. Cireumneutral. Southern and central Mo.: Boone, St. Louis, Jefferson, Ste. Genevieve, Cape Girardeau, Madison, Iron, Shannon, Center, Scott, Dunklin, Butler, Ripley, Vernon, Jasper and Me- ‘Donald counties. ATHYRIUM ANGUsTUM (Willd.) Pres] var. RUBELLUM (Gilbert) Butters, Rhodora 19: 193. 1917. Woods. Cireumneutral. Scattered: Lewis, Ralls, St. Louis and Jackson counties. ATHYRIUM ANGUSTUM var. ELATIUS (Link) Butters, Rhodora 19: 191. 1917. Low woods and moist banks. Cireumneutral. Seat- tered: Clark, Wayne and Iron counties. CAMPTOSORUS RHIZOPHYLLUS (L.) Link. On shaded calcareous cliffs and boulders, rarely on siliceous or granitic rocks. Caleiphile. Southern and FrErNs or MIssourt 115 central Mo., north along the Mississippi River to Lincoln Co. Common in the Ozark region. POLYSTICHUM ACROSTICHOIDES (Michx.) Schott. Rich woods and rarely on moist siliceous rocks. Circumneutral to oxylophile. General. POLYSTICHUM ACROSTICHOIDES f. INcISUM (Gray) Gilbert. Polystichum acrostichoides var. Schweinitzti. (Beck) mall Occasionally found with the typical form. Boone Ste. Genevieve, Madison, Ozark, Stone and McDonald counties. THELYPTERIS HEXAGONOPTERA (Michx.) Weatherby, Rho- dora 21: 179. 1919. Phegopteris hexagonoptera (Michx.) Fée (G). Dryopteris hexagonoptera (Michx.) C. Chr. (B&B). Rich woods. Indifferent. Southern Mo., and north- ward along the Mississippi River to Marion Co. THELYPTERIS PALUSTRIS (Salisb.) a var. Pee (Lawson) Fernald, Rhodora 31: Aspidium thelypteris of Am. eee in Boe not Sw. (G, in part). Dryopteris thelypteris Am. Auth., in part (B & B). Wooded banks of streams, wet thickets and boggy ground. Oxylophile. Southern and central Mo.: Pike, St. Louis, Jefferson, Ste. Genevieve, Madison, Tron and Jackson counties. THELYPTERIS MARGINALIS (L.) Nieuwland, Midland Nat. 1: 226. 1910 Aspidium marginale (L.) Sw. (G). Dryopteris marginalis (L.) Gray (B & B). In shaded places on granitic, chert, or sandstone 116 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL bluffs. Oxylophile. Southern and central Mo., and north along the Mississippi River to Lewis Co. THELYPTERIS SPINULOSA (Muell.) Nieuwland, Midland at.1:226. 1910. Aspidium spinulosum (Muell.) Sw. (G). Dryopteris spinulosa (Muell.) Kuntze (B & B). Shaded clefts and ledges of sandstone cliffs. Jeffer- son Co. THELYPTERIS SPINULOSA Var. INTERMEDIA (Muhl.) Nieuw- land, Am. Midland Nat. 2: 278. 1912 Aspidium spinulosum var. intermedium (Muhl.) D. C. Eaton (G). Dryopteris intermedia (Muhl.) Gray (B & B). On shaded granitic and siliceous bluffs and ledges. Oxylophile. Eastern Mo.: Jefferson, St. Genevieve and Madison counties. WoopwarDIA AREOLATA (Li.) Moore. Wet woods. Oxylophile. Butler Co. CYSTOPTERIS FRAGILIS (L.) Bernh. Rich woods and moist shaded ledges. Cireumneu- tral. General and common. CYSTOPTERIS BULBIFERA (L.) Bernh. Shaded calcareous cliffs and ledges, rarely on sili- ceous or granitic rocks. Calciphile. Southern and cen- tral Mo., and north along the Mississippi River to Clark Co. Woonsta optusa (Spreng.) Torr. On caleareous, siliceous or granitic ledges and banks. Indifferent. General and common. Ferns or Missouri 117 DENNSTAEDTIA PUNCTILOBULA (Michx.) Moore. Dicksonia punctilobula (Michx.) Gray (G). Sandstone cliffs and ledges. Oxylophile. South- eastern Ozark region: Ste. Genevieve and Madison counties. ONOCLEA SENSIBILIS L. Wet woods and swampy ground. Circumneutral. General. ONOCLEA SENsIBiLIS f. oBTUSILOBATA (Schkuhr) Gilbert. Rarely occurring with the species. Stone Co. PTERETIS NoDULOSA (Michx.) Nieuwland, Am. Midland Nat. 4: 334. : Onoclea Struthiopteris of Auth. in part, not Hoffm. (G) Matteuccia Stuthiopteris of Auth. in part (B & B). Shaded banks. Oxylophile. Putnam Co. Rare. Family OSMUNDACEAE OSMUNDA REGALIS L. var. SPECTABILIS ( Willd.) Gray. Osmunda regalis of Am. Auth. in part (G), (B & B) Boggy ground or on moist cliffs and ledges, in sili- ceous or granitic regions. Oxylophile. Southern and central Mo., mostly in the eastern counties, and seat- tered westward to Jackson and Vernon counties. OsmMUNDA CLAYTONIANA L. Moist rich or swampy woods. Cireumneutral to oxylophile. Scattered and local, mostly along the Mis- Pike, St. Louis, Shen Madison and Jackson coun- ties, 118 AMERICAN FERN -J OURNAL OSMUNDA CINNAMOMEA AS A RocK FERN. EYNOLDS Co., Mo. OSMUNDA CINNAMOMEA I, Boggy ground or on moist cliffs and ledges, in sili- ceous or granitic regions. Oxylophile. Eastern Mo., and in a few scattered stations westward. - Family OPHIOGLOSSACEAE OPHIOGLOSSUM VULGATUM L, Rich woods. Cireumneutral. Southeastern Mo.: Bollinger, Stoddard and Butler counties. Rare. FERNS oF MISSOURI 119 OPHIOGLOssUM ENGELMANNI Prantl. Limestone and dolomite glades. Caleiphile. South- ern and central Mo., north to Jackson and Boone coun- ties. Common in the Ozark region. Borrycuium DISSECTUM Spreng. Botrychium obliquum var. dissectum sehcsvens} Clute (G Rich woods. Cireumneutral. Eastern Mo.: St. Louis, Jefferson and Iron eounties. Rare. BorrYcHIUM DISSECTUM var. OBLIQUUM (Muhl.) Clute. Botrychium obliquum Muhl. (G), (B & B). Rich woods. Circumneutral. Local and seattered. St. Louis, Franklin, Jefferson, Ste. Genevieve, Madison, Dunklin, Butler, Jackson and Jasper counties. BotrRYcHIUM DISSECTUM var. TENUIFoLIUM (Underw.) Farwell, Papers Mich. Acad. Sci. 3: 89. 1924. Botrychium obliquum var. tenuifolium (Underw.) Gilbert (G). Low wet woods. Cireumneutral. Southeastern Mo.: Dunklin and Butler counties. BotTRYCHIUM VIRGINIANUM L. Rich woods. Cireumneutral. General and common. Family SALVINIACEAE AZOLLA CAROLINIANA Willd. Ponds and ditches. Local and seattered. Pike, St. Louis, Perry, Scott, Dunklin, Clay and Jackson coun- ties. SALVINIA NATANS (L.) All. Sloughs. Bois Brule bottoms, Perry Co. Intro- 120 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL duced at this locality and not found since Demetrio’s original collection. This is the only authentic record of this plant in North America. Family EQuiIsSETACEAE EQUISETUM ARVENSE L. Low ground, gravelly banks of streams, and along railroads and roadsides. Circumneutral. General. EQUISETUM ARVENSE f. NEMOROSUM A. Br. Wet banks. Jackson, Jasper and Newton counties. EQUISETUM ARVENSE f. pirrusum (A. A. Eaton) Clute. Equisetum arvense var. diffusum A, A. Eaton. Occasionally found with the typical form. Jackson 0. EQUISETUM LAEVIGATUM A. Br. Equisetum hyemale var. intermedium A. A. Eaton (G). Low ground and along banks of streams. Circum- neutral. Seattered: Putnam, Boone, Jackson, Greene, Ozark and Dunklin counties. EQuISETUM VARIEGATUM Sehleich. Reported from Jackson Co. EQUISETUM HYEMALE L. var. RopUsTUM (A. Br.) A. A. Eaton. Low ground and banks of streams. Cireumneutral. General. EQUuISETUM HYEMALE var. AFFINE (Engelm.) A. A. Eaton. Equisetum hyemale of Auth., in part, not L. (B B). FERNS oF Missouri 121 Low ground. Cireumneutral. Scattered. Jackson and McDonald counties. Family LycopopracEaE Lycopopium LucIpULUM Miehx. Along moist shaded sandstone cliffs. Oxylophile. Eastern Mo., mostly near the Mississippi and Missouri rivers. Lincoln, Montgomery, Warren, St. Charles, St. Louis, Jefferson, Ste. Genevieve and Madison coun- ties. LyYcopopIUM LUCIDULUM var. POROPHILUM (Lloyd & Underw.) Clute. Along moist sandstone cliffs. Oxylophile. Occur- ring with the typical var., but less common. South- eastern Ozark region: Perry and Ste. Genevieve coun- ties. . LYCOPODIUM COMPLANATUM IL. var. FLABELLIFORME Fer- nald. Dry sandy banks and ledges in Pine woods. Oxylo- phile. Southeastern Ozark region: Madison and Ste. Genevieve counties. Family SELAGINELLACEAE SELAGINELLA RUPESTRIS (L.) Spring. Dry sandstone, chert, or granitie rocks. Oxylophile. Eastern Mo. and locally in other parts of the state: Adair, Lincoln, Montgomery, Warren, St. Charles, St. Louis, Jefferson, Franklin, Washington, St. Francois, Ste. Genevieve, Madison, Iron, Shannon, Carter, St. Clair, Jasper and Newton counties. SELAGINELLA apopa (L.) Fernald, Rhodora, 17: 68. 15 1915. Selaginella apus Spring (G), (B & B). 122 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Low wet ground or on wet siliceous or granitic rocks. Oxylophile. Southern Mo., north to Jefferson Co.: Jefferson, Madison, Shannon, Butler, Ripley, Ozark, Taney, Barry and McDonald counties. ARNOLD ARBORETUM, JAMAICA PLAIN, Mass. Missouri BoTaNicaL GARDEN, St. Louis, Mo. Diagnostic Key to the Species of Equisetum JOHN H. ScHAFFNER (Continued from p. 75) RECOGNITION CHARACTERS OF THE SPECIES. EQUISETACEAE Mx. 1803. Horsetail Family. I. EQumseTa pRimITivA. Primitive Horsetails. 1. Equisetum xylochaetum Mett. 1859. Woody- toothed Horsetail. (Incl. EZ. martii Milde). Aerial stems large, persistent, with whorls of branches; stomata in bands of 2 or more lines each; sheaths of the main stem cylindrical; sheath segments ‘flat at least above; teeth rigid, black, linear, giving out a twanging sound when picked, often breaking off but the base persistent; cone apiculate. South America. 2. Equisetum giganteum L. 1753. Giant Horsetail. (Incl. E. pyramidale Goldm. and E. schaffneri Milde). Aerial stems large and long, persistent, with whorls of branches; stomata in bands of 2 or more lines each; sheaths of the main stem cylindrical; sheath segments with a definite central ridge, 3-5-carinate; teeth mem- branous, friable and breaking off or imperfectly decidu- ous; cone apiculate. Southern Mexico and Haiti to Argentina and Chile. Key To EquisetuM 123 II. EQuiIseTa HIBERNA, Winter Horsetails and Scouring-rushes. 3. Equisetum myriochaetum Schlecht. & Cham. 1830. Much-branched Horsetail. Aerial stems large, per- sistent, very smooth, often barely showing ridges, with whorls of branches; stomata in single lines; sheaths of the main stem cylindrical or only slightly ampliated, with deciduous teeth; sheath segments 3-keeled; cone apiculate. Southern Mexico to Peru. 4. Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. 1800. Branched Horsetail. (Incl. EZ. sieboldi Milde, E. ramosum DC. Aerial stems rather tall, with whorls of branches, ever- green, but delicate in regions of frost; stomata in single lines or sporadically in bands of 2 or more lines; sheaths typically about twice as long as wide, somewhat ampli- ated, with deciduous teeth; cone apiculate. Azores and Canaries, through Europe, Africa and temperate zone of Asia, 5. Equisetum debile Roxb. 1822. Weak Horsetail. (E. timortianum Vauch.). Aerial stems medium-sized, mostly with whorls of branches; delicate perennial; stomata usually in single lines; sheaths about as long as wide, ampliated, teeth typically deciduous; cone apicu- late. From India to the Philippines through the East Indies to the Fiji Islands. 6. Equisetum laevigatum A. Br. 1844. Smooth Scouring-rush. (E. hiemale intermedium A. A. Eat.). Aerial stems evergreen, but somewhat delicate, un- ‘branched or sporadically branched, of medium size to large; stomata in single lines; sheaths elongated, ampliated, tardily discolored, sheath segments tri- carinate, teeth deciduous; internodal ridges with a row of tubercles or cross bands of silex; cone apiculate. North America 124 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL 7. Equisetum praealtum Raf. 1817. Tall Scouring- - rush. (E. robustum A. Br., E. hiemale affine (Engelm.) A. A. Eat., E. hiemale robustum (A. Br.) A. A. Eat.). Aerial stems of medium size to large, evergreen, un- branched or sporadically branched; stomata in single lines; sheaths short, cylindrical, soon discolored and finally splitting, sheath segments normally tricarinate, sometimes with a central groove, teeth deciduous; inter- nodal ridges with 1 row of tubercles; cone apiculate. North America. 8. Equisetum moorei Newm. 1854. Moore’s Scour- ing-rush. (E. hiemale schleicheri Milde, E. occidentale y, E. hiemale x ramosissimum Samuelsson). Aerial stems of medium size, unbranched or with sporadic branching, evergreen but delicate in regions of frost; stomata in single lines; sheaths long and ampliated, re- maining green for a long time, teeth promptly deciduous ; sheath segments with a central groove; internodal ridges with an irregular double row of tubercles or cross bands of hee cone apiculate. Europe. Ratauetnn hiemale L. 1753. Winter Scouring- ee Aerial stems evergreen, of medium size to large, unbranched or sporadically branched; stomata in single lines; sheaths short, cylindrical, soon discolored, sheath segments with a central groove, teeth deciduous; cone apiculate. Western North America through Asia and Europe to the British Isles and Iceland. III, Equisera ampieua. Ambiguous Scouring-rushes. 10. Equisetum kansanum Schaffn. 1912. Kansas Scouring-rush. (E. laevigatum A. A. Eat. not A. Br.). Aerial stems of medium size, annual, unbranched or with sporadic branches; stomata in single lines; sheaths long, ampliated, not discolored except in age, the limb not in- curved ; sheath segments tricarinate, teeth differentiated Key to EQuiseTuM 125 and normally early deciduous; internodal ridges with a single row of tubercles or cross bands of silex, sometimes nearly smooth; cone not apiculate, the tip rounded or acute. Temperate zone of North America. 11. Equisetum funstoni A. A. Eat. 1903. Funston’s Scouring-rush. (E. mexicanum of authors, not Milde.). Aerial stems of medium size, annual; main stem not branched or only sporadically branched, but typically with a peculiar cluster or rosette of more or less spread- ing or horizontal branches around the base; sheaths long, not discolored except in age, ampliated, with a strong tendency to be incurved at the top; teeth deciduous but commonly long persistent, sheath segments tricarinate ; internodal ridges very rough with projecting cross bands of silex; cones not apiculate. Southern California and Northwestern Mexico. IV. EquisetTa pusmtua. Little Scouring-rushes. 12. Equisetum nelsoni (A. A. Eat.) Schaffn. 1926. Nelson’s Scouring-rush. (E. variegatum nelsoni A. Eat., Hippochaete nelsoni (A. A. Eat.) Farw.). Aerial stems slender, normally annual, rarely branched; stomata in single lines; internodal ridges with a single row of tubercles or cross bands of silex; sheaths long- campanulate or ampliated, teeth persistent, with a prominent central groove toward the base, the sheath segments quadricarinate at this point; cone strongly apiculate. Northern United States and Southern Canada 13. Equisetum trachyodon A. Br. 1839. Rough- toothed Scouring-rush. (Inel. E. variegatum jesupi A. A. Eat., E. hiemale doellii Milde, E. mackan Newm., Hippochaete hiemalis jesupi (A. A. Eat.) Farw., £. hiemale jesupi (A. A. Eat.) Marie-Victorin, E. hiemale x vartegatum.). Aerial stem robust to rather slender, 126 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL evergreen, of medium size, strict ; stomata in single lines; internodal ridges with a double row of tubercles; sheaths cylindrical, black and crusty to banded with gray or white, teeth persistent, sheath segments with a central groove and thus quadricarinate; cone prominently apiculate. Northern part of North Temperate Zone. 14, Equisetum variegatum Schleich. 1807. Varie- gated Scouring-rush. (Incl. EZ. variegatum alaskanum A. A. Eat.). Aerial stems strict, small, evergreen, rarely with any branches; stomata in single lines; internodal ridges with a double row of tubercles or somewhat bicarinate; sheaths campanulate; teeth persistent, quad- ricarinate; cone prominently apiculate. Northern part of North Temperate and Arctic Zones. 15. Equisetum scirpoides Mx. 1803. Dwarf Scour- ing-rush. (H. hiemale tenellum Lilj.). Aerial stems without central cavities, very small, curly flexuous, ever- green, rarely branched; internodal ridges 6 (3 pairs) ; stomata in single lines; sheaths campanulate, teeth 3, persistent, qnddvidariiate: cone small, apiculate. North- ern part of North Temperate Zone. V. EQuimsera AESTIVALIA. Summer Horsetails. 16. Equisetum fluviatile L. 1737 and 1753. Water Horsetail. (Incl. EZ. limosum U., E. heleocharis Ehrh.). Aerial stems annual, rather tall, with or without whorls of branches; stomata in bands; central cavity very large with a very narrow wall, the tissue containing very small carinal cavities and no vallecular cavities except at the base of very large shoots; sheaths of the main stem short, cylindrical, their numerous teeth persistent; branches hollow, their teeth equaling the internodal ridges; cone not apiculate. North Temperate Zone. 17. Equisetum palustre L. 1753. Marsh Horsetail. (Inel. E. litorale Kuehl.). Aerial stems annual, usually Key To EQuIseTuM 127 rather small, usually with whorls of branches; stomata in bands; central cavities of the main stem quite small, with 5-10 vallecular cavities nearly equalling the cen- trum; sheaths of the main stem loose and ampliated, with persistent teeth; branches with small central cavities, their sheath teeth equalling the internodal ridges ; cone not apiculate. Northern part of North Tem- perate Zone. 18. Equisetum bogotense H. B. K. 1815. Bogota Horsetail. Aerial stems rather small, annual, usually without central cavities, with sporadic or irregular whorls of solid branches; stomata in bands; sheaths of the main stem loose, ampliated, their segments and mem- branous, persistent teeth prominently 2-keeled, with or without a broad central groove; at least part of the inter- nodal ridges of the branches biangulate; cone not apicu-: late or only slightly so. Central and South America. 19. Equisetum diffusum D. Don. 1825. Spreading Horsetail. Aerial stems rather small, annual, with small central cavities, and with whorls of solid branches; stomata in bands; sheaths of the main stem loose, their segments and rigid, appressed, persistent teeth strongly 2-keeled with a complete, broad central groove; branches solid with strongly biangulate internodal ridges; cone not apiculate. Himalaya Mountains region. VI. EQuIseTA HETEROPHYADICA. Spring Horsetails. 20. Equisetum silvaticum L. 1753. Wood Horse- tail. Aerial stems annual, sometimes with rows of tiny spinules, dimorphic, with prominently compound branches in horizontal or slightly drooping whorls, the fertile at first without branches or chlorophyll; stomata in bands; leaf sheaths of the main stem typically red- dish-brown and translucent, the teeth coherent into 34 broad lobes; branches solid, 3-5-angled, their sheath 128 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL teeth with subulate tips; cone not apiculate. Northern part of North Temperate Zone. 21. Equisetum pratense Ehrh. 1784. Meadow Horse- tail. Aerial stems annual, usually with rows of tiny spinules, dimorphic, the fertile at first without chloro- phyll or branches; stomata in bands; branches of the whorls usually simple, 3-angled, their sheaths with deltoid, white-membranous teeth; teeth of the sheaths of the main stem not cohering in definite lobes; cone not apiculate. Northern part of North Temperate Zone. 22. Equisetum telmateia Ehrh. 1787. Ivory Horse- tail. (HE. maximum of Lam. was probably E. fluviatile L., EH. majus Gars.). Aerial stems annual, large, dimorphic, the sterile with whorls of branches, the fertile unbranched and without chlorophyll; stomata in bands; branches of the whorls solid with twice the number of internodal ridges as the bicarinate sheath teeth; fertile stem withering promptly when the spores are shed, gen- erally unbranched, its sheath teeth with long bristle-like tips; cone commonly 2-3 inches long, not apiculate. Temperate Zone in Europe, Asia, and Pacifie Coast of North America. 23. Equisetum arvense L. 1753. Field Horsetail. (Inel. E. saxicola Suksd. and E. boreale Bong.). Aerial stems annual, of medium size, dimorphic, the sterile with whorls of 3—4-angled, solid, simple or somewhat com- pound branches, the fertile stem unbranched; stomata in bands; sheath teeth of the branches unicarinate, with subulate points; teeth of the main stem not cohering into 3 or 4 broad lobes and not bright reddish-brown; fertile shoot withering promptly, generally without branches or chlorophyll, its sheath teeth not bristle-like but ending in a gradually narrowing point; cone not apiculate. North Temperate and Arctic Zones. CoLumBvus, OHIO. Isortes LecHLeRi 129 More about Isoetes Lechleri Mett. T. CHALKLEY PALMER Material representative of this species is now becom- ing available from a somewhat extended range in South America, and ‘some of recent collection reveals a ten- dency to variation in important characters. In addition to the plants of Killip and Smith from Colombia, on which was based the variety Colombiana (AMERICAN Fern Journau, Vol. 19, p. 18, et seq.), I have received from Dr. W. R. Maxon the following: “*Venezuela. Laguna di Apontaderos, Mér. ‘fonts on water, January 21st, 1929.’’ H. Pittier, No. 13242. U S. N. Herb. No. 1440618. These plants have the small corm of the species. The leaves are long and slender, often 30 em. as compared with the 10-13 em. of Braun’s deseription for J. Lechleri, and 6-7 em. for I. Karsten from Venezuela; which latter was afterwards included in the former. As compared with the var. Colombiana, the tips of the leaves are less acute, and the equatorial ridge of the megaspore is better developed. Diameter of mega- spore, 376-517 . Microspores were not discovered. The velum seems to be complete. Bolivia. La Paz. ‘‘In einem kleinen See, in der Kor- dillera. Alt. sobre Mar 4300 m.’’ Dr. Otto Buchstein. No date. U. S. N. Herb. No. 1541653. The corm is small, as usual, and the leaves are about 11 em. long, bright green, tips brown but not setaceous. Wings at base with some brown color, mostly in lines. Velum ap- parently complete. Ligule dull salmon, large, ovate, apparently mineralized, brittle. Sporangium thin- walled, small. Megaspores 330-396 y diameter, either pure white or suffused with a pale shade of chocolate brown, mostly smooth, often polished, occasionally. slightly wrinkled. The equatorial ridge of medium de- 130 : AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL velopment. Microspores so far as seen (they are very scarce) are of a brownish yellow color. The velum is apparently complete. There being but one small plant, a thorough technical study was not possible without de- struction of the specimen. But I have no hesitation in ealling it J. Lechlert. Ecuador. ‘‘Province of Riobamba. Mount Chim- borazo, alt. 4400 m. In small shallow ponds of the aramo. A. Rimbach, No. 131.’’ U.S. N. Herb. No. 1543081. Additional data: ‘‘Rooting 2-3 em. deep in the mud. In the dry season the ends of the leaves stand out in the air. In the rainy season the whole plant is submerged. In this region frosts and snowfalls are fre- quent.’’ There are 20 to 30 plants of this gathering. No date is given. Again there is a very small corm. The leaves, as many as 12 to the plant, frequently reach a height of 16 em. They are slim, upright, thin but not fragile, long-attenuate to a brown tip not very sharp. Wings at the base are not prominent. There are no bast bundles, and stomata are not evident, but occasional brown cells are found over the leaves. Ligule brown, fleshy, irregular. Megaspores mostly white, smooth and polished, occasionally a diluted chocolate brown, the equatorial ridge well developed, 282-376, diameter. Microspores nearly white, sparsely short-spined, 27-32 p long. Velum not complete, thick, mostly with a cot rim. This also is I. Lechleri, The next lot seems worthy of varietal rank, and I offer the following, at any rate provisionally, and with a realization that the form is in some respects close to Karsten’s Venezuelan plant collected in 1853. (A Braun. 1862. Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenburg 4.) IsorTes LECHLERI var. anomala, var. nov.t Corm bi- 1IsorTes LECHLERI, var. anomala, var. nov., velo quartam partem ad dodrantem sporangii tegente, multiplice, tegumento ex- Tsortes LECHLERI | 131 lobed. Leaves about 30, 6 em. long, stout, attenuate from the middle to a setaceous brown tip 1- im m. long; membranous wings at base extending to one- half the height, with brown edge carried slightly higher; bast bundles none, stomata few or absent. Ligule brown, fleshy, irregularly triangular. Velum covering one- fourth to three-fourths sporangium, complex, the outer layer thick, brown-rimmed, the inner more delicate, edges of the two not always coincident. Megaspores bold, equatorial ridge well developed, 330-470 p (aver- age 376) diameter. Microspores abies red to color- less, prominently short- ese 30-40 Type: Rimbach No. 1 Binioe ME “Chimborazo. U.S. N. Herb. No. Aores The collector gives no — but notes: “Submerged i in water of shallow pond. Roo ing in mud. 4200 m.’ In the absence of Rimbach’s No. 131 from this same Mt. Chimborazo, the impulse would be to call this a new species. But under existing circumstances, I think it merely an extreme condition of the species; and it is thinkable, also, that Rimbach’s No. 131 is an emersed form of the same variety, No. 171 being the submerged form—similar contrasts as to leaves and aspect being not uncommon in many species. The matter of the complex velum needs to be taken up and studied. ine studies of ‘chinese ters, 53 W. W. Ferns o elecho: n Dryopteris, mag ouster urther e 03. Schaffner, J. Pro agation of Equisetum Bo Sterile aerial shoots, 54. § . Ferns of Florida, 94. Vi cto: rin, Marie-. Sur uelques ptéridophytes nord-am ricains, Rosa Ald Rubus ursinus, Ruae, H. G. Migs Nancy Darling ppt 1388 SADLER, N. M. List of ferns col- peed in pees Co. toe Salvinia natans, ScHAFFNER, J. it. imbi discovered in Ohi ct 136. dine AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL ostie key the species reyiew), 54; ripening cones of Scolopendrium vulgare, 101 Scouring- Henan’ a 128-126 5 dwarf, 126; Fun 125; Kansas, 124: tei "124; elson’s, 125; rough-toothed, 125; smooth, 123; tall, 124; varie gated, 126; winter, 124 dagtnetia. os poda, rae rupestri toni ag 18, ee 18 ox. Ferns of Florida Weelew), aoe SmMitH, L, B. ce omg Peter- senii as an esc , 99 Snails feed on 1 cones of ee ase 25 Spleenwort, 8; maidenhai ox earrow. ‘Teaved, 132; Scott's & 76, 81, the labama colony of, 81, Ferns and fern allies of Missouri, 105 Symphoricarpos is, 41 Thetypreris americana, 26; Clin- ana, 26; cristata, 26; Dry- aoe age 26; fragrans, 53; Gee diana, 26; hexagonoptera, 1 marginalis, 205 1155 pect censis, 26; palustris, 26, var. ener a 115% 26; simulata, 53; spinulos. 116, var. intermedia, 53, 116. See also ae ee Dryopteris and Phego Trichomanes Nonchsa nies, 81 ViIcTORIN, Marig-, Sur quelques Ppaonlronesad ong nord-américains (review), 95 Virginia, limestone adder’s- tongue in northern, 85 WEATHERBY, C Curious phe 55; quelques nord- américains (revie WH roma BE. T. Range exten- ions and pe! observations, oy ost1982, Wibe WiacINs, pterido- 1 anes 9 phytes of San Diego, Califor- hia, 33, 8 bgheo won, 210s obtusa, 85; ilvensis, 101; 116; oregana, 5, 98; virginica, 101 oun ng, ferns of. ERRATU Page 54, line 15. For Généro, naz Género, THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB MEMBERSHIP Including Bulletin, Memoirs, and Torreya, $5.00 a year PUBLICATIONS ulletin, srt oad established ioe. Price, “ye 00 f yar; = numbers 40 cen Of former volumes, only n be plied seats. cpap th intended for Sub tication in ihe BULLETIN should be addressed to Tracy E. Ha AZEN, Editor, Barnard College, Columbia Calrecdy: New York City. Torreya. Bi-monthly, established 1901. Price, $1.00 a year. Manuscripts intended for publication in TorrEya should be ad- — to Grorce T. HastiINncGs, Editor, Robbins Place, Yonkers, Memoirs, ae established 1889. Price, $3.00 a volume. Preliminary logue of Anthophyta and Pteridophyta within 100 miles of ae "You: City, 1888. Price, $1.00. 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Monthly, except August and Se qecatier: Official Ti year for complete volumes (Jan. to Dec.). Parts of volumes at the oe ng ap mal Single numbers, $1.00 each, post free. Foreign ents. ECOLOGY to All Forms of Life in Relation to Environ ion Established 1916. Bi-monthly. Subscription, ehh ar pera complete volumes (Jan. to Dec c.). Parts of volumes - we single number rate. Single numbers, $1.25 post free. Foreign postage: 50 cents. BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN, sight N. ¥., U. 8. A This Free Catalog Lists Field and Herbarium Equipment Designed by Botanists ollecting Case ig a lant Presses Felt Driers Field Picks. Genus Covers Mounting Papers Write to-day for Catalog F 91 CAMBOSCO SCIENTIFIC COMPANY WAVERLEY, MASS., U.S. A. Ampriran Fern Journal A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO FERNS Published by the AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY EDITORS R. C. BENEDICT E. J. WINSLOW C, A. WEATHERBY VOLUME XXIII 1 9 33 > LANCASTER, PENNSYLVANIA CONTENTS VOLUME 23, NuMBER 1, Paces 1-36, IssuEeD AFRIL 9, 1933 Additions to the Fern Flora of New York............ HD. Houses 1 Is Polypodium vulgare, var, Churchiae a plots ake A. - Leeds. 3 Ferns of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania........ y Ses Ge a Tanger 13 Miscellaneous Litt on Equisetum J. H. Schaffner 18 e Way i F. L. Fagley 20 24 Recent a Paine Shorter No 27 American ace Society 30 VOLUME 23, NUMBER 2, PagEs 37-72, Issurp JuLY 2, 1933 Looking Backward C. HE. Waters 37 Notes on the Fern Flora of Iowa A a Lyness 39 Troubles of a Novice W.L. Diz 49 Asplenium ebenoides in Lawrence Co., Indiana... R. Kriebel 52 A.W. Smith 5 Making a Fern Garden Shorter Notes American Fern Society. VOLUME 23, NuMBER 3, Paces 73-104, IssueD Nov. 30, 1933 New Tropical Ferns—X W. &. Pteridophytes of San Diego County, California... F. M. Cota 7 Six Interesting Sporadic Characters in Equisetum. J. H. Schaffner 83 Pteridophytes of Muskogee County, Oklahoma. Beh. Tattle; I Ot Shorter Notes American Fern Society VoLUME 23, Numser 4, Pages 105-136, Issvep Marcu 9, 1934 New Tropical American Ferns—XI Fern Field Notes, 1933 _E. T. Wherry 109 _Ferns of the Mammoth Cave Region............... W. B. Youmans 11 The Fern sh oe a at ‘‘A Century of Progress. ee K. E. Boydston a Shorter Notes American Fern Society Index to Volume 23 oe 133 Vol. 23 January-March, 1933 No. 1 American Bern Journal “avi Rea pica: A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO FERNS Published by the AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY ad EDITORS R. C. BENEDICT E. J. WINSLOW Cc. A, WEATHERBY w CONTENTS Additions to the Fern Flora of New York....H. D. House 1 Is Polypodium vulgare var. Churchiae a Polypodium? A. N. Leeps Ferns of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania L. F. A. Tanerr 13 Miscellaneous sere on Equisetum......... J. H. Scnarrner 18 The Way it Wor F. L. Facuzy 20 Recent Fern Literature 24 Shorter Notes 27 American Fern Society 30 ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION, $1.25; FOREIGN, $1.35 * ‘ LIME & GREEN STS., LANCASTER, PA. 4A AUBURNDALE, MASS. u isieed ae fA t under ‘the Ea 3 at = lance for a Postage provid ‘or section 1103, authorized on July 8, 19 Che American Hern Sorirty Connril far 1933 OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR Wit1am BR, Maxon, Smithsonian Institution, Geran b. €, Pre. esident Mars. oe C. Hat, Stanford University, —s hang vee Rev. C. S. Lewts, 66 South Swan St., Albany, N Secretary @.&. UNDERWOOD, Harte, V6 Treasurer OFFICIAL ORGAN American Fern Journal EDITORS Rate C, BeNneEnIcv..................1819 os Road, Brooklyn, N. Y. E. J. Wrnstow -erfield Road, Rin atomibaes Vt. C. A. WEATHERBY ridge, Mass An illustrated quarterly devoted to the general study of ferns. Su a hn 25 per year, foreign, 10 cents extra; sent free to members of the AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY — 1 due, ere $ tpg wi Lbe satay hed authors at cost. They s dunia Sa ordered urned. vhs I, six ane - 00; other volumes $1.25 each. Single back numbers 35 cents eac Vol. I, no. 1; vol. III, nos. 2, 3, and 4; and vol. IV, no. 1 eas be pce except with complete vo volumes. Pin Ten fon cent, — to members and institutions 02 ers 0 k Matter oe cm be addressed to R. C. cnpet at 1819 Doce Road, or Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 1000 Wash- ington Ave., Brooklyn, N. aS Orders for back numbers should be sent to the Secretary of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, N. Y. Other business com- munications should be addressed to E. J. Wixstow, Auburndale, CURATOR OF THE HERBARIUM L. 8. Horrns Culver-Stockton College, Canton, Mo. _—— loan department is maintained in connection with the erbarium. Members may borrow specimens from pe American Fern Journal Vou. | 23 we __ JANUARY-MARCH, q9a8 Nat Additions to the Fern Flora of New York State H. D. House New York State has been rather thoroughly explored for interesting and rare specimens of the ferns and fern allies by botanists in general and fern students in par- ticular. Hence the discovery of two species new to the fern flora of the State constitutes an event of some con- Sequence to fern enthusiasts. ASPLENIUM VIRIDE Huds. Moist shale cliff in Whet- Stone Gulf, Lewis County, Neil Hotchkiss 2613, 1927. No attempt has heretofore been made to give undue publicity to this interesting find although it has recently been recorded by Mr. Hotchkiss in his ‘‘Botanical Sur- vey of the Tug Hill Plateau’’ (N. Y. State Museum Bul- letin 287, page 58, 1932). Only a few individual fronds and no roots were collected from the few sparsely scat- tered plants and it is to be sincerely hoped that others who visit the locality will be fully as considerate. Woopsta orEGANA D. C. Eaton. Ledge overlooking Canandaigua Lake, South Bristol, Ontario County, E. H. Eaton, July 20, 1929, and July 15, 1931. First found there by Mr. Eaton in August, 1925. The first collection sent to me by Mr. Eaton was submitted to both Mr. C. A. Weatherby, of the Gray Herbarium, and Dr. William R. Maxon, of the National Museum. Dr. Maxon stated that the specimens were not satisfactory [Volume 22, No. 4 of the JouRNAL, pages 105-144, plate 7, was issued Jan. 31, 1933.] : 1 v4 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL for positive identification but that he would call it ten- tatively Woodsia Cathcartiana Robinson. At the Gray Herbarium, Mr. Weatherby compared the specimens with the type of Woodsia Cathcartiana and agreed that it should be tentatively referred to this species, adding that similar material had come to him from northeast- ern Minnesota and that like the New York material, it is smaller than the type of Woodsia Cathcartiana. In Britton and Brown’s ‘‘Illustrated Flora,’’ Woodsia Cathcartiana is referred to Woodsia scopulina. Mr. Weatherby further suggests that Woodsia Cathcartiana may be only a form of Woodsia oregana, making a geo- graphic connecting link between its western area and the outlying stations for it on the Gulf of St. Lawrence. It would appear that the status of Woodsia Cathcartiana is not satisfactorily settled. ~ The July 15, 1931, collections by Mr. Eaton contain larger and more representative fronds and these com- pare very closely with collections of Woodsia oregana from Bic, Rimouski County, Quebec (Fernald & Collins 294; Jacques Rousseau 26490, 26617), and are much closer to this eastern form of Woodsia oregana than to any specimens of Woodsia scopulina available for com- parison. For this reason and until the status of Wood- sia Cathcartiana is satisfactorily settled I am referring the New York collections made by Mr. Eaton to Woodsta oregana. Mr. Eaton has succeeded in propagating a number of small plants from spores and some of the material has been outplanted near Albany in the hope that more abundant material may finally be secured. The following notes are mainly concerned with addi- tional records of distribution of certain species in New York State. FrerN Fiora or NEw YorK 3 Borrycuium Lunaria L., var. ONONDAGENSE (Un- derw.) Clute. LeRoy, Genesee County, M. S. Bazter, _ May 23, 1921. Mr. Baxter also sends three specimens of this rare fern collected by him on the limestone area fifty miles south of the city of St. Petersburg, Russia, June, 1891. They are exact counterparts of New York State specimens and the occurrence of this variety in the limestone region of Russia suggests very strongly the possibility that it is correctly placed as a variety of B. Lunaria. It also suggests the desirability of a careful examination of European literature and collections for additional information regarding this form of the moon- wort fern. BoTRYCHIUM SILAIFOLIUM Presl. (B. ternatum var. intermedium D. C. Eaton). Chenango Lake, Chenango County, E. E. Davis, August 9, 1928. Minerva, Essex County, House 13531, October 5, 1926. Pottersville, Warren County, House 10675, September 18, 1924. North Creek, Warren County, House 15496, August 18, 1927 Botrycuium osuiguuM f. ELoNcATUM (Gilbert & Haberer) Hoffman. Windom, Erie County, C. OsMUNDA cINNAMONEA f. FRonDOsSA (T. & G.) Britton (Pl. 1), Wet soil, mountain west of Berlin, Rensselaer County, House 19430, July 6, 1932. Several plants in a small colony with the wet soil around the plants more or less covered with hardened road tar from highway construction close by. Normal spore-bearing fronds were entirely absent, every frond being fertile at the tip only, as shown in the illustration. Since abnormal forms are often assuciated with certain types of injury AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VoLuME 23, PLATE 1 OSMUNDA CINNAMONEA, f. FRONDOSA FERN FLora oF NEw YorK “9 or unnatural conditions the presence of the road tar is possibly to be associated with the development of these Spore-bearing leafy fronds. CRYPTOGRAMMA STELLERI (S. G. Gmel.) Prantl. ‘‘Ice - Gorge’’ near Hague, Warren County, Mrs. Orra Parker Phelps, June 29, 1926. THELYPTERIS Bootrm (Tuckerm.) Nieuwl. Three Mile Harbor, Suffolk County, Roy Latham, September 1, 1926. Woopsta optusa (Spreng.) Torrey. Woods near Green Lake, Jamesville, Onondaga County, Dr. John B. Todd, November 2, 1924. PoLtysticHum Braunm (Spenner) Fée. This fern, somewhat rare in New York State, still grows in a deep ravine near Summit, Schoharie County, where it was found by Dr. C.-H. Peck (31st Report of the New York State Museum, p. 53, 1879). Burns Mountain, near Olmstedville, Essex County, House 19006, October 5, 1931 (locality first discovered by Mrs. Bailey Burritt). POLYPODIUM VIRGINIANUM f. ACUMINATUM (Gilbert) Fernald. Burns Mountain, near Olmstedville, Essex County, House 19005, October 8, 1931. EqvisetuM Larviaatum A. Br. Margin of South Pond, Sandy Creek, Oswego County, eastern end of Lake Ontario, Neil Hotchkiss 3107, July 25, 1928. Felt’s Mills, Jefferson County, House 16494, July 11, 1929. EQUIsETUM LITORALE Kuehl. Lewis Point, shore of Oneida Lake, Madison County, House 14209, June 14, 1927, Cleveland, Oswego County, House 11737, June 13, 1926. (forma elatius Milde). Between North and South Sandy ponds, eastern end of Lake Ontario, Oswego County, Neil Hotchkiss 2974, July 14, 1928. EQuiseTum scirpoiwes Michx. Boggy evergreen woods east of Minerva, Essex County, House 14539, June 30, 6 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL 1927. Moxham Pond, south of Minerva, House 14645, July 3, 1927. Along the Kayaderesseras Creek above Ballston Springs, Saratoga County, House 13715, May 5, 1927. Lycopopium cLavatuM L. The variety lauwrentianum ‘Victorin (Les Lycopodinées du Quebec, 23, 103, 1925) is described as having ‘‘strobiles usually 2 (4-7) em. long, on one common peduncle, each with a distinct pedi- eel 1-8 mm. long.’’ This character is exactly matched by specimens from Bavaria (Dr. H. Gluck, Sept., 1901, and October, 1894), and also by New York material from North Elba (Peck), and the Catskill Mountains (Mary F. Miller 246). The common form in this state has the strobiles more closely joined at the base and not distinctly pedicellate. While the so-called var. lawren- tianum may be the prevailing form in the region cov- ered by Fra. Victorin’s studies, it occurs also in Europe and in New York State it appears to merge into the com-— mon form with sessile or nearly sessile strobili. A large | series of specimens seems to indicate that the varieties — laurentianum and subremotum Victorin (l.c., 24, 103), _ and the variety tristachyum Hooker, are scarcely deserv- ing of systematic recognition. | LycopopiuM saBINAEFoLIUM Willd. Labrador Pond, Onondaga County, Wiegand and Young 14989, October — 6, 1923. Oniskethau, Albany County, House 16046, May — 18, 1929. ) Lireseoniias SABINAEFOLIUM var. SITCHENSE (Rupr.) Fernald. Delhi, Delaware County, Neil Hotchkiss 2045, May 10, 1927. Near Indian Lake, Hamilton County, House 15351, August 16, 1927. LycopopIuM TRISTACHYUM var. HaBERERI (House) : Victorin. In addition to the type specimens cited (House, N. Y. State Museum Bul. 176: p. 36. 1915), this club-moss, now to be regarded as a variety of L. Fern Fiora or New York 7 tristachyum, has been found at Parkers, Lewis County, Hotchkiss, and at Little Moose Lake, Herkimer County, Dowell 4450, July 5, 1905. Mr. Hotchkiss has also eol- lected material in Albany and Rensselaer Counties which is even closer to typical L. tristachyum in character. Lycopoptum Setaco L. Near Hopkinton, St. Law- rence County, Mrs. Orra Parker Phelps, April 28, 1916. Isortes Brauntt Dur. When the level of the Adiron- dack lakes is low, as is often the case during August, this quillwort is very abundant and easy to find. Dur- ing seasons when the water is high in August it is either rare, dormant or difficult to locate. During August, 1927, with ideal water conditions this species was found in abundance in shallow water and even emersed upon muddy shores from which the water had receded, at Loon Lake near Chestertown, and Tripp Lake, Warren County; Minerva Brook near Minerva, Schroon Lake, Lake Sanford, Lake Harris, Rich Lake and Hewitt Lake in Essex County; Long Lake, Little Tupper Lake and Indian River in Hamilton County. IsonTEs ENGELMANNI A. Br. Chiefly emersed on muddy shores, sometimes also in shallow water. Myo- sotis Lake, Rensselaerville, Albany County, House 13176, August 22, 1926. Kinderhook Lake, Columbia County, House 15542, August 25, 1927. Steer’s Pond, Preston, Chenango County, House 16906, August 11, 1929. Outlet of Lower Chateaugay Lake, Franklin County, Muenscher & Maguire 618, September 12, 1930. IsoeTES TUCKERMANI var. BOREALIS A. A. Eaton. Camp Riverdale, Hamilton County, Alfred A. H. Povah, August 9, 1926. Isorres TucKERMANI var. Harveyt (A. A. Eaton) Clute. South inlet of Titus Lake, Franklin County, Muenscher and Maguire 670, July 13, 1930. New York Stare Museum, AuBany, N. Y. 8 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Is Polypodium vulgare L. var. Churchiae Cis a Polypodium? Artuur N. LEEDS One can hardly read the discussion with which Gilbert accompanies his publication of Polypodiwm vulgare var. Churchiae’ without noticing his lack of certainty as W its status and the feeling that he had assigned his varl- ety to that species partly because no more satisfactory disposition of it seemed possible. His description was based on a plant with two fronds, one of which he pre- served as the type. Unfortunately, his herbarium was left to a high school, where, according to report, it has been lost or destroyed, and a reference to his type 18 * therefore impossible. : No other example of the variant was known until three years ago, when Miss Elsie M. Kittredge found a specimen near Florence, Vermont.? It was taken up and transplanted to Mrs. Chisholm’s garden in Proctor. In September, 1931, Miss Kittredge brought one of its fronds to the Fern Society’s meeting at Brown’s Mills, N. J., where it excited much interest and surprise, and later she very kindly contributed it to the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. With stalked pinnae and a stipe abundantly clothed with scales, it looked more like a form of Polystichum acrostichoides than a — polypody, and the more attentively one examined it, the | more difficult became the acceptance of Gilbert’s identi- fication of it as a variety of Polypodium vulgare. Last August Dr. E. T. Wherry and I visited Mrs. Chisholm and had the ati of seeing the curious and puzzling little plant alive and growing in her fasci- 1The Fern Bulletin 14: 39. 1906. 2 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL 20: 124, 1930. POLYPODIUM VULGARE, VAR. CHURCHIAE 9 nating garden. After a brief examination, Dr. Wherry suggested that it was neither a Polypodium nor a Poly- stichum, but a highly modified form of Dryopteris mar- ginalis. While its general appearance bears little enough resemblance to that fern, a careful study of it amply confirms the correctness of his suggestion. Mrs. Chisholm permitted us to remove another, well- developed frond (Plate 2), and the following notes are based on it and the one mentioned above. It is a dwarfed, forked, and crested monstrosity. The lower pinnae are barely three-quarters of an inch long and, instead of being pinnate, are simple and stalked. Farther up the frond the pinnae become still smaller and adnate and are finally reduced, below the cresting, to short confluent segments. Such an extreme modifica- tion of the normal form, while rare, is not entirely unique. Under the name of Lastrea filix-mas var. multi- cristata, a remarkably close parallel in a related species has been described and figured by Lowe in ‘‘Our Native Ferns,’’ Vol. I, p. 267, 1865. The stipe is channeled as in Dryopteris marginalis, not terete as in the polypody. It is densely clothed with Seales at the base, with diminutive scales occurring spar- ingly along the rachis almost throughout its length. In color, shape, and cell characters, they closely resemble those of D. marginalis and are not like the scales of the Christmas fern or those on the rhizomes of the poly- pody. The lower pinnae are stalked, and the expanded bases of the pedicels are attached to the edges of the channeled stipe exactly as are those of the marginal ern. The veins on the upper surface are impressed— ‘“‘more or less sunk in the parenchyma,’’ as Gilbert says —not raised as in Polypodium. Where the venation is not distorted by the cresting of the pinnae, it is either simple or forked and corresponds with that of the AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VOLUME 23, PLATE 2 RN cl SS | DRYOPTERIS MARGINALIS, f. CHURCHIAE POLYPODIUM VULGARE, VAR. CHURCHIAE 11 smaller pinnules toward the tip of a normal frond of the marginal fern. The veins extend almost to the mar- gin ; not ‘‘quite to the edge,’’ as Gilbert says, but notice- ably nearer than those of the polypody. The contour of the margins and the texture of the upper and lower leaf surfaces are those of the marginal fern and not of the polypody. Gilbert describes his variety as having a ‘‘naked’’ stipe. This point is important, and should not be mini- mized. However, he did not find the fern himself and it is not clear from his account whether he saw the whole plant or only the frond which he preserved, and, if the latter was the case, it is perhaps possible that the scales on the stipe were rubbed off in handling before the speci- men reached him and that he failed to notice the traces left or the diminutive ones on the rachis. He also states that the ‘‘lower part’’ of the stipe ‘‘is dark, the upper stramineous.’’ In our specimens the stipe is stramine- ous below and green above. Despite these differences, his full and detailed description tallies so closely in all other respects that there need be little hesitation about identifying Miss Kittredge’s plant with it. As already said, Gilbert was evidently in doubt about the status of his variety and not quite sure that he was dealing with a Polypodium. The stalked pinnae and the venation troubled him; the channeled stipe and im- pressed veins, which he notes but does not comment on, might well have done so; and if, in addition, his speci- men had not been bereft of its scales (assuming that that is what happened), it would have been impossible for him to have included it among the varieties of Poly- podium vulgare. Others seem to have shared his doubts. The English specialist, C. T. Druery, remarked at the time that ‘‘stalked pinnae in this genus, to say nothing of the particular species, are quite anomalous.’ 3 The Fern Bulletin 14: 85. 1906. 42 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL In view of the evidence furnished by this fresh mate- rial, which Miss Kittredge and Mrs. Chisholm have so happily made available, it would seem that Polypodium vulgare Li. var. Churchiae Gilbert, already reduced to a forma and transferred to Polypodium virginianum L. by Prof. Fernald,* should be transferred again, be- coming Dryopteris marginalis (L.) A. Gray forma Churchiae (Gilbert) comb. nov. ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA, PA. EprrortaL Note.—Through Mrs. Chisholm’s kindness, I was privileged to examine her oad little fern bets after Dr. . Leeds short and thick, not at all like the long and comparatively slender rhizome of the polypody. (2) es far as could be determined sue sce the plant, the stipes show no trace of the join e base which in the polypody they have. (3) Where the vein- is not too much distorted, the mid-veins of the pinnules leave the costa in the manner characteristic of the wood ferns—that is, first at a very sharp angle, so as to run almost parallel to the costa, then with an abrupt bend in d. This, if it add anything of worth, may serve as some atonement for my having too easily accepted Gilbert’s ascription of the plant to Polypodium when I first determined it, from a frond and a photograph. It may be added that when Prof. Fernald trans- ferred Gilbert’s variety to P. virginianwm he had seen no speci- mens, but worked wholly from the original description —C. A. W- 4 Rhodora 24: 125, 1992. Ferns or Lancaster Co., PENNSYLVANIA 13 Ferns and Fern Allies of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, 1931 and 1932 Louise F. A. TANGER During the years 1931 and 1932 the following ferns and fern allies have been found in Laneaster County, Pennsylvania, by a group of half a dozen fern students, beginners all. Lancaster County, an area of over 960 square miles, is a very beautiful region of varied topography and soil belts and consequently has a rich and diversified flora. The great Susquehanna River valley, along its southern edge, in which the rocks are predominantly mica-gneiss, is rich in the rare Aspleniums. The lovely river glens, moist and shady, with a deep accumulation of rich leaf- mold, contain a greater number of species than any other section. To the north is a mountainous region of red sandstone soil. The great central basin is a lime- stone region, comprising some of the richest farm land in the country. To the southeast is a serpentine belt. The whole offers a remarkable inspiration and challenge to the botanist. OPHIOGLOssUM vuLGATUM L. One station, a swampy field near the Dillerville swamp. Borrycuium MATRICARIAEFOLIUM A. Braun. Two Ssta- tions. About twenty-five plants in a ravine at Martie Forge and one plant, very large and healthy, in the Muddy Run ravine. Borrycuium ostieuumM Muhl. Common. BorrycHium pissectuM Spreng. Common. BorrYcHIUM ANGUSTISEGMENTUM (Pease and Moore) Fernald. Two stations. Five plants in a ravine at Mar- tic Forge and nine in the Muddy Run ravine. Botrycuium virGINIANUM (L..) Sw. Common. OsMUNDA REGALIS L. Common. 14 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL OSMUNDA CINNAMOMEA L. Common. Forma BIPINNATIFIDA Clute. Gleisner’s swamp, near New Providence, and the Muddy Run ravine Forma AuRIcULATA (Hopkins) Kittredge. Two sta- tions near Penryn Park. At one of the Penryn stations and in the ravine at Fite’s Eddy a form both bipinnatifid and auricled was collected. Forma rronposa (A. Gray) Clute. Near Hull’s Tav- ern, northern Lancaster County, and in Gleisner’s swamp. OsmunpDA CLayToNIANA L. Common. ONOCLEA SENSIBILIS L. Common. Forma ostusiLopata (Schkuhr) Gilbert. Occasional. Marrevccia Strutruiopreris (L.) Todaro. On an island in the Susquehanna River, off Washingtonboro. Woopsia optusa (Spreng.) Torr. Common. DENNSTAEDTIA PUNCTILOBULA (Michx.) Moore: Com- mon. : The forked form pictured in ‘‘The Fern Lover’s Com- panion’”’ by Tilton, p. 167, was found in the Muddy Run ravine. CYSTOPTERIS BULBIFERA (L.) Bernh. Common in the limestone section. CYSTOPTERIS FRAGILIS (L.) Bernh. Common PoLysTicHUM acRosTICHoweEs (Michx.) Schott. Com- mon. Forma 1ncisum (Gray) Gilbert. Common. Forma MULTIFIDUM Clute. Two plants in the Muddy Run ravine, having both fertile and sterile fronds. A close approach to forma Graves Clute. More than half the pinnae of many of the fronds show the project- ing bristle and cup. Eight plants were found in the ravine at Turkey Hill, six of them with numerous fertile fronds, and two plants, all sterile, in the ravine at Haines’ 8 Station. Ferns or LANCASTER Co., PENNSYLVANIA 15 Bipinnate forms in great variety. One plant in a ravine near Fite’s Eddy in which the tips of the pinnae were forked, then twisted like the petals of a cactus dahlia. A form much erested at the tips of the pinnae and forking once or more at the tips of the fronds was found at Rock Springs, southern Laneaster County, and at Geiger’s Quarry. These plants were only occasionally fertile at the very tips. Intergrading forms of all but the last two above were found in great variety. DRYOPTERIS NOVEBORACENSIS (l.) A. Gray. Common. DryoprTeris THELYPTERIS (L.) A. Gray. Common. Dryopteris cristata (L.) A. Gray. Common. Dryopteris Curntontana (D.C. Eaton) Dowell. Two stations. Near Hull’s Tavern, northern Lancaster County, and the ravine at Fite’s Eddy. At the latter station some of the tallest fronds measured fifty-seven inches in height. Dryopreris GotptaNna (Hook.) A. Gray. Ravine at Fite’s Eddy. DrYOPTERIS MARGINALIS (L.) A. Gray. Common. Forma ELEGANS (J. Robinson) F. W. Gray. Frequent. DrYOPTERIS SPINULOSA (Muell.) Kuntze. Frequent in swamps. DrYopTeRiIs INTERMEDIA (Muhl.) Gray. Common. Dryoprerts Boorti (Tuckerm.) Underw. Ravines at Martie Forge, Muddy Run, and Fite’s Eddy. DRYOPTERIS MARGINALIS X CRISTATA. Two ravines at Martie Forge and at Muddy Run. Total of seven plants. DRYOPTERIS MARGINALIS X INTERMEDIA. One plant in the Muddy Run ravine. DRYOPTERIS MARGINALIS X SPINULOSA. One plant in ravine at Benton; one plant at Colemanville. 16 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL DRYOPTERIS HEXAGONOPTERA (Michx.) C. Chr. Com- mon. Dryopreris Linnarana C. Chr. (D. Dryopteris Brit- ton), Two ravines at Martie Forge. CAMPTOSORUS RHIZOPHYLLUS (L.) Link. Common. Forma auricuuatus R. Hoffm. Frequent. Forma aneustatus F. W. Gray. Near Martieville. Forma INTERMEDIUs (Arthur) Clute. Frequent. Lacinate and forking forms, freaky in the extreme. Some are forked three and even four times, although two forks are more frequent. ASPLENIUM TRICHOMANES L. Common. ASPLENIUM PLATYNEURON (L.) Oakes. Common. Forma serratum (E. 8. Miller) R. Hoffm. Occa- sional. Forma Horronar (Davenp.) L. B. Smith. Several plants along the Little Conestoga Creek, near Muillers- ville, in a thicket of blackberries. Forma proliferum (D. ©. Eaton), n. comb. A. ebe- neum, var. proliferum D. C. Eaton, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 6: 307. 1879. Fourteen of the small proliferous plants were found at Camp Kiwanis, on Mill Creek, and one in the ravine at Fite’s Eddy. ASPLENIUM EBENOIDES R. R. Scott. A total of twenty- five plants at nine stations, all in the limestone section. ASPLENIUM PINNATIFIDUM Nutt. Frequent on mica- schist in southern Lancaster County. ASPLENIUM MONTANUM Willd. Occasional on mica- schist in southern Lancaster County. Seven stations have been found, just half as many as for pinnatifidum. AsPLENTUM Brapieyi D. ©. Eaton. On mica-schist in Tuequan glen and a ravine at Martic Forge. ASPLENIUM TRUDELLI Wherry. Martie Forge ravine, Tuequan, McCall’s Ferry ravine and Muddy Run. Ferns or LANCASTER Co., PENNSYLVANIA 17 AspLENIuM Ruta-MurRaRIA L. Two stations along the Conestoga Creek, near Lancaster. Another has been re- ported to us along the Cocalico Creek, in northern Lan- easter County, but we have not located it yet. ASPLENIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM Michx. Ravine at Shenk’s Ferry. ATHYRIUM THELYPTEROIDES (Michx.) Desv. Common. A form that suggests Athyrium Filix-foemina in gen- eral appearance, the pinnules being farther apart than usual, and serrate, with the upper pinnule nearest the rachis auricled on many of the pinnae. Stipe reddish toward the base. ATHyRIUM Finix-remina (L.) Roth. A great variety of forms. ADIANTUM PEDATUM L. Common. PTERIDIUM AQUILINUM (L.) Kuhn. Common. PELLAEA ATROPURPUREA (L.) Link. Common on lime- stone. Potypoprum vircinianum L. Common. Forma acuminatum (Gilbert) Fernald. Oceasional. Forma pe.toweum (Gilbert) Fernald. MeCall’s Ferry ravine. Forms with the tips of the pinnae, as well as the tip of the frond forked. EQUISETUM ARVENSE L. Common. EQuisetum nyemaLe L. Common. Equiserum syivaticum L. Swampy wood on a branch of Muddy Creek, northern Laneaster County, beyond Hopeland. _ Lycopoprum nucunum Michx. Common. Lycopoprum osscurum L. Common. Lycopoptum opscurum L. Var. DENDROIDEUM (Michx.) D.C. Eaton. Penryn Park. Lycoroprum cuavatum L. Occasional. 18 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL LycopoprtumM COMPLANATUM LL. Var. FLABELLIFORME Fernald. Comm LycopopiuM TRISTACHYUM Pursh. Sunny hillside at Lake Grubb, near the Marietta Pike. SELAGINELLA APUS Spring. Common. In 1925 or 1926 one of our group, Mr. William H. Auxer, found Lygodium palmatum (Bernh.) Sw, in the neighborhood of Penryn Park. He was not then in- terested in ferns and did not realize that it was an un- usual find, although he collected a specimen for his her- barium. We have searched for it since, but so far unsuccessfully. We also found Dryopteris simulata just across the river, in York County, but not within our own county limits. LANCASTER, Pa. Miscellaneous Notes on Equisetum JOHN H, SCHAFFNER ExupaTion or Liguiy Water py Youna SHoors OF KquisetuM.—The growing shoots of various species of Equisetum exude large drops of water from the nodes during their development. In greenhouse plants the drops of water can be seen prominently in the morning. It is not necessary to cover the plants but they need an abundant supply of water in the soil. This phenomenon has been observed in greenhouse plants of E. praealtum, E. hiemale, E. variegatum, and E. arvense. PHOTOTROPISM OF THE YouNG SHoots or EquisETUM PRAEALTUM.—The rigidly erect character or negatively geotropie reaction of the aerial shoots of Equisetum— praealtum Raf. is a very striking and well known pi ee Notes oN EQuiIseTUM 19 nomenon, but it is probably not so commonly known that the young shoots when they are from six inches to a foot high show considerable phototropic bending toward a source of light. A considerable number of young shoots have been tested and they showed a decided bending toward the source of light in from ten to thirty hours. FLExvuous SHoots of EquisetumM.—Various species of Equisetum commonly develop flexuous shoots among the usual straight shoots. These flexuous shoots are espe- cially noticeable in Equisetum praealtum Raf. The question arose as to whether this flexuous condition was the result of a hereditary change in the bud from which the shoot developed, or whether it was due to other eauses. A large number of such flexuous shoots have been tested out by vegetative propagation, and in every case the new shoots, developed directly from the nodes of the old flexuous shoots or from the rhizomes developed from them, have been perfectly straight. The cause of the flexuousness, therefore, is not a change of hereditary potentiality but a change in hereditary expression. The straight shoots have the potentiality for flexuousness, and the flexuous shoots have the potentiality for straightness. The flexuousness is thus of the nature of ‘intermittent heredity,’? and requires some special physiological condition of the bud to bring it into play. At the top of the general series to which E. praealtum belongs in E. scirpoides Mx. In this species the flexuous condition is normal, all the shoots normally developing flexuousness. The intermittent hereditary potentialities for flexuousness have evolved to the condition where they come into activity regularly in all ordinary environ- ments. : Equiseta or San Dieco County, Cattrornta.—tIn ‘‘Pteridophytes of San Diego County, California’’ re- 20 AMERICAN. FERN JOURNAL cently published in the AMERIcAN FERN JourNnat by ra _L. Wiggins, only three species of Equisetum are listed, namely, E. kansanum Schaff., E. funstoni A. A. Eat., and FE. telmateia Ehrh. I have these three species in my private herbarium from San Diego Co., and four addi- tional species as follows: E. laevigatum A. Br.—below Lake Hodges, four miles west of Escondido; near San Diego; Mission Valley near San Diego; all from F. M. Cota. E. praealtum Raf—Cuyamaca Mts., F. M. Cota. E. hiemale L.—Cuyamaca Mts., Azealea Creek, San Diego Co., F. M. Cota. E. arvense L.—near Montezuma Mines; Boulder Creek; Deer Creek; all from F. M. Cota. E. arvense must be near its southern limit, although it is possible that it may extend farther south into Lower California. I have all these seven species from other col- lectors from localities a little farther north. Onto State University, CoLuMBUus. The Way It Works Freperick L. Facuey For a number of years we had been bringing in ferns and planting them around our cottage at Lake Sunapee, N. H. We knew nothing about ferns except that they were nice to have around the place, so we planted them and they grew. Then one day in the summer of 1930 a friend, Rev. Wm. F. Frazier, of Burlington, Vt., hap- pened to be visiting us and as we walked out a path he _ said, ‘‘Well you have about all the native ferns growing here,’’ and I said, ‘‘Are these different kinds?’’ and with that he turned over a few leaves and said, ‘‘This is a Lady Fern—this is . dete. Shield Fern and this a Mountain Wood Fer THe Way it WorkKs ot That was all, but I thought then if these ferns had names I was going to learn what they were. So I went to the book store and got a copy of ‘‘How to Know the Ferns.’’? With this I began last summer to try to clas- sify the ferns on the place. I was terribly mixed by the varieties of Lady Ferns and also by the fact that not all the Dryopteris marginalis had rounded pinnules, ete. Then I went to the book stores in Boston and found Clute’s ‘‘Ferns in Their Haunts,’’ Durand’s ‘‘Field Book’’ and Tilton’s ‘‘Fern Lover’s Companion.’ To find these I had to visit all the leading book stores and three second-hand ones. Evidently there is not much demand for such books. Then here my troubles began again for I would find a certain frond illustrated as Dryopteris Linnaeana while another book illustrated the same frond as Thelyp- teris Dryopteris. Then again one book gave a chapter to Boulder Ferns while the other mentioned no such fern. The table in Durand’s book helped out, but I am still somewhat at sea on names! . Well, I collected the ferns about the place and classi- fied them as best I could and then sent a duplicate set of twenty-three specimens to the National Museum at Washington for identification and, Glory be! when the return came, the classifications we had made were all correct, even to Dryopteris marginalis var. elegans. With the classification sheet came a delightful letter from Dr. William R. Maxon inclosing a leaflet on the American Fern Society and offering to propose my name for membership. But I had already joined the Society. In my study I asked every one I met if they knew any- thing about ferns, for I wanted help. In this way I was told to write to Mr. E. J. Winslow at Brattleboro, Vt. This I did and he told me of the Society and also iden- tified the sample I sent him. Another friend knew Mr. Fe AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Harold Rugg at Hanover, N. H., and said ‘‘Mr. Rugg knew all the ferns of New Hampshire.’’ A very short visit to Mr. Rugg helped me with several questions and he was kind enough to give me fronds of Aspidium Filiz-mas and of Asplenium ebeneum. When I go back to New Hampshire next summer I promise myself some more help from Mr. Rugg. Well, the summer is over but I now have an herbarium of forty-four varieties; but this is not the smallest part of the good. It is true that several very pleasant even- ings have been spent with the herbarium this fall but what matters most is the new interest that has come to me. For example, some weeks ago I had occasion to spend a few days at Massena, N. Y. One afternoon I visited a woodland where I found fourteen varieties of ferns and another swampy woodland four miles distant where I found seven I had seen in the first locality and nine others, thus making twenty-three varieties. But best of all I found the fertile fronds of Dryopteris cristata. 1 had found at Sunapee many sterile fronds but no fertile ones—and these found at Massena were beauties too. Then I found for the first time Dryopteris Clintoniana and saw Cystopteris bulbifera growing on a hillock, in the swamps, the long fronds with bulblets twining up- ward through the undergrowth. During this one after- noon I found Dryopteris Boottii, D. cristata, D. Filiz- mas, D. marginalis, D. noveboracensis, D. dilatata, D. intermedia, D. spinulosa, D. Thelypteris, D. Linnaeana and D. Phegopteris, which seemed to me to be a family well represented. Following this on a visit to Jacksonville, I called on Mrs. D. W. Diddell, a member of the Society, and there — I had my introduction to the rich fern life of Florida. : THe Way It Works 23 Mrs. Diddell surely knows her ferns and her collection of growing plants was intensely interesting. I spent a week in Florida and you know the thrill I got from seeing Adiantum Capillus-Veneris the first time. It was growing in the old fort at St. Augustine. Also to find Polypodium incanum—covering the roof of the old Mission Chureh there—or in driving past Mr. John D. Rockefeller’s home at Ormond to find the Polypodium aureum growing out of the shelly bark of a palm tree, or at Demorest, Ga., in a little woody glen finding my first Dryopteris heragonoptera and under- neath its generous shade five plants of Botrychium obliquum. There are several ferns I am now hunting— the walking fern, lowland lady fern, the lip fern and the Virginia chain fern. But here are my two worries. Where can I find some help in books (I do not like to trouble my friends too much) where I ean find out the names of new ferns? I have several from Florida and elsewhere not mentioned in any books I have. And second, what is a fellow going to do for thrills when he has found all there are?! I have extra pressed ferns of some varieties I would like to exchange with some one who would care for them. 1Dr. J. K. Small’s ‘‘Ferns of Florida,’’ published by the Science Press, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, will remove any worries about ferns of that state. Current manuals for different parts of the United States, such as Gray’s and Britton & Brown for the northeast, Small’s Flora for the southeast, Rydberg’s for the prairie region and the Rocky Mountains, Abrams’ or Jepson’s for the Pacifie Coast, generally include ferns and can be borrowed from city libraries if one does not wish to go to the expense of buying them. As to what next, if Mr. Fagley has acquired a real and lasting interest in ferns (as is to be _ for nothing gives more durable pleasure), he can go on, not finding new ones, but finding out new things about the old a ae soil preference and other habits, life histories, really distinctive characters, ete.— for the rest of his life—C. A. W 24 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Recent Fern Literature. Craw, Joe E. Hydrogen-ion Reaction of Native In- diana Fern Soils. Butler University Botanical Studies 2: 151-158. 1932. : Several articles on the soil-reactions of ferns native to the northeastern states have already appeared, but sup- plementary data are always welcome. Notable features of Mr. Craw’s studies are (1) the large number of sam- ples examined, amounting to over 90 in some cases; and (2) the determination of the hydrogen-ion activity electrometrically in the laboratory, both of which favor the obtaining of especially accurate data as to the pref- erences of the plants. The results are tabulated so as to bring out the reaction-ranges and optima for thirty-four Species and varieties; in a few cases, since only Gray Manual names are used, the exact variety represented is uncertain. The results in general agree so closely with those of previous writers that the soil-reaction preferences of the plants concerned can be regarded as now known with a considerable degree of finality. There are in fact but two cases of apparently discordant results. In Asple- nium platyneuron the reviewer had previously decided the optimum reaction to be mediacid, whereas the new results indicate it to be but minimacid. The difference — here is simply a matter of geography, as high acidity characterizes the especially luxuriant colonies of this fern on the southern Coastal Plain, but in the northeast- ern states the relations are the same as in Indiana. In the case of Asplenium pinnatifidum, however, the situa- tion is not so clear. Previous tests at eastern localities to the number of 50 or more have clearly pointed to mediacid soil preference, whereas Craw found three samples from Pinnacle Rock near Shoals, Martin County, Indiana, to be neutral in reaction. It is to be Recent Fern LItvERATURE 25 hoped that this fern can be studied from the soil-reac- tion standpoint at other of its western outliers, to see whether neutrality is characteristic of its habitats under the climatic conditions of the interior states—Epaar T. WHERRY. The Fern Society Library has just received the first three numbers of the Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geo- botanica, published under the auspices of The Phytogeo- graphical Society, Botanical Institute, Kyoto Imperial University, Japan. Included in the first two numbers are three articles on ferns, printed partly in English and partly in Japanese. In the latter articles, the names are given in their Latin form. Oishi, Jisaburo. ‘‘On the fossil Dipteridaceae.’’ The fern family Dipteridaceae has been found of special in- terest in matters of comparative morphology. Modern types found in the Oriental tropics have been carefully studied by Dr. F. O. Bower and others. The present paper contains illustrations of leaf division patterns as well as lists of some 40 species included in six genera of this family. Note is made of the paper because of its technical interest. Tagawa, M. By this author there are contributed two articles under the general title of ‘‘Spicilegium Pterido- graphiae Asiae Orientalis, (I & II).’’ In these it is in- teresting to note the occurrence of a number of our own genera, including also occasionally identical species. Tatewaki, M., & Kimoto, U. ‘‘Florula of the island of Kaibato (Todomoshiri).’’ These writers list a consid- erable number of pteridophytes. The following types are of special interest to American readers: Botrychium Lunaria; Ophioglossum vulgatum; Adiantum pedatum; Athyrium acrostichoides and A. Filix-femina; Cystop- teris fragilis; Dryopteris dilatata, fragrans, Linnaeana, 26 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Phegopteris, Thelypteris; Matteuccia Struthiopteris; Onoclea sensibilis; Polypodium vulgare; Polystichum Braunii; Pteridium aquilinum; Scolopendrium vulgare; Osmunda cinnamomea, O. regalis; Equisetum arvense, hyemale, palustre; Lycopodium annotinum, clavatum, complanatum, obscurum. The inclusion of so many forms common to our own eastern United States flora brings to mind the similarity of floras between eastern Asia and eastern, North Amer- ica first noted by Asa Gray. The question arises, how- ever, as to the possibility that some of these may really deserve separation as distinct species——R. C. B Andersson-Kotto, Irma. Observations on the Inheri- tance of Apospory and Alternation of Generations. Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift. 1932. Bd. 26, H. 1-2. Some of Mrs. Andersson-Kotto’s work has previously been reviewed in the Fern Journau, and the Fern Society Library now has copies of three earlier and ex- tensive papers. It so happens that these three copies are on loan to one of our members who is interested im special culture methods with ferns. The present paper describes another unusual type of Scolopendrium. To this type, the writer gives the name of “‘peculiars’’ because of the very striking appearance. A single plant may bear twenty-five small leaves. It is delicate and thrives only under a bell jar. Its special peculiarity lies in the fact that ‘‘The fronds never de- velop sori or sporangia, and there is, except for the vas- cular system, no differentiation of tissue in the leaf- blade, all cells being straight-walled and similar to those of the gametophyte. Occasional stomata are found. Fully grown fronds are several cell-layers thick except — at the edge. The leaf-blade thus consists of only pro : thallial tissue beside the Scolopendrium venation. ~ WoopsiA SCOPULINA IN TENNESSEE 27 “Gradually the whole edge, or parts of it, grows out into a prothallium with normal sexual organs. The lat- ter upon fertilization give rise to similar sporophytes, the process being repeated in the following generations. Though the nuclear size increases in successive sporo- phyte generations of the peculiars, neither chloroplast size nor cell size does so. The prothallium-like cells of the leaf-blade, especially those situated towards the basal part of the leaf-blade, are larger than those of the prothallium. The eell-size is, however, gradually ad- justed to the normal as the frond grows out into the pro- thallium. ’’ This is certainly a peculiar type of fern leaf, one in which what corresponds to leaf-blade is prothallial tissue bearing normal archegonia and antheridia. It is noted that the ‘‘peculiars’’ variety arose from spores of the variety crispum muricatum. In the spore progeny in this culture, 90 plants were normal and 29 ‘‘peculiars,’’ an obvious suggestion of a simple Mendelian ratio. This expectation was borne out in the F-2 eultures. The “‘peculiars’’ gave only their own sort. From the nor- mal type, there were raised two cultures, with a total population of 296 normal to 91 ‘‘peculiars.’’ It is noted further that the peculiarity is inherited on both the female and male side. This paper is to be fol- lowed by a more extensive report with illustrations — C. B. Shorter Notes Woopsta scopuLINa IN TENNESSEE—While on a col- lecting trip in this section during the past summer, Dr. Edgar T. Wherry visited the writer’s garden and among the ferns growing there saw one that he pronounced Woodsia scopulina. He seemed rather surprised at the 28 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL statement that it was collected in Tennessee and evi- dently reported the matter to Dr. Wm. R. Maxon, for a request for specimens later came from the latter. These were collected and sent to him from the largest station known to the writer and as Dr. Maxon states that this extends the recorded range of this fern, its location is here given. The station is in Unicoi County, Tenn., three miles south of Erwin on U.S: Route No. 23 at a point where this route crosses the Nolichucky River. From the south end of the bridge a trail leads upstream, across the face of a rocky bluff, and the fern grows all along this sec- tion of the trail. The fern associates are Cheilanthes lanosa and C. tomentosa and an occasional Woodsia obtusa and Asplenium resiliens. This station is interesting otherwise, as on the bluff is quite a profuse growth of wild bleeding heart (Dicen-_ tra eximta) and below the trail for several hundred yards are scattering specimens of Buckleya disticho-— phylla, a parasitic shrub heretofore known, to the writer at least, only from a rather restricted area along the ae Broad River—Winuiam A. Knicut, Biltmore, 0, : Borrycuium pissectum rrom Norta MicHicAN.— During the fall of 1932 Mr. Fred G. Knowlton, of Barksdale, Wisconsin, sent me three specimens 0 | Botrychium to determine for him. He numbered them 1, 2, 3, stating that he took them all to be B. dissectum- These he had collected in northwestern Michigan on the Black River, which is southwest of the Poreupine Moun- tains near the Wisconsin border. Although Nos. 1 and 2 had slight lacerations on some of their pinnules it was beck evident they were B. ternatum var. intermedium- ith No. 3 it was quite different; every pinnule BotrycHIUM DISSECTUM IN MICHIGAN 29 deeply lacerate; it was a typical specimen of B. dissec- tum. Mr. Knowlton stated that he had collected Nos. 2 and 3 growing in moss on a rotten log one end of which was under water. Mr. Knowlton said his party, which consisted of himself, his son, and Dr. Conklin, of Supe- rior, found twelve plants of B. dissectum, four of them having fertile fronds, and the remaining eight having only sterile fronds. This is one instance of B. dissec- tum growing with B. ternatum var. intermedium. Both specimens of B. ternatum var. intermedium had ripe spores, but the fertile frond of B. dissectum was per- fectly green. The three specimens were collected in August, and as B. ternatum var. intermedium ripens its Spores by August, and B. dissectum does not ripen its spores until the last of September, this should help to determine the identity of the specimen. Mr. Knowlton stated that he had dug up several of the plants of B. dissectum, and had replanted them with B. ternatum var. intermedium at his home in Barksdale. In November he wrote me that the plants of B. dissec- tum had turned a bronzed color, but B. ternatum var. intermedium still retained its green color. I have two live plants of B. ternatum var. intermedium growing in my fern garden, which were sent to me by Mrs. J. H. Somerville, of Superior, Wisconsin, which remain green throughout the winter, while B. dissectum and B. obli- quum growing by their side take on the bronzed color as winter advances. It seems to me that this is a very Strong point in separating B. obliquum from the B. ter- natum class. This station of B. dissectum in north Michigan is very hear the Wisconsin line, and it may yet be found in Wis- consin. This station seems to be the farthest north of any station in the west. The Quebec station mentioned by Mr. Mousley in Vol. 14, No. 4, of the Fern Journan oe AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL is the only station extending farther north than the north Michigan station. In connection with this record I might state that Mr. Knowlton sent me a specimen of Dryopteris Filix-mas which he said his son and Dr. Conklin found near Iron- wood, Wisconsin. As Steil and Fuller did not list it in their report on the ferns of Wisconsin, this I believe is the first report of Dryopteris Filix-mas from the state of Wisconsin.—E. W. Graves, Bentonsport, Iowa. American Fern Society The death is reported of Miss Minnie L. Overacker, of Syracuse, a member of the American Fern Society since 1915. In a newspaper account, it is recorded that Miss Overacker began teaching botany in a Syracuse high school 59 years ago, in 1873. She continued in this ser- vice until her retirement in 1920. During that period, she was always active and interested in botanical work and numbered among her friends the late Professors Atkinson, of Cornell, and L. M. Underwood, who was for some time a professor of botany at Syracuse Univer- sity. The writer would like to record his own relationship and indebtedness to Miss Overacker for early help and inspiration. I first made her acquaintance as a first oF second year high school pupil in one of her botany classes. While I had before that been generally inter- ested in outdoors and living things, through her my Special interest became centered on ferns and, on that basis, I can claim a continuous 35-year period of inter est in this group of plants. I would suggest to all who- have received special help or stimulation from some one- or more teachers, that Miss Overacker richly deserves @ full tribute—R. C. Benepicr. AMERICAN Fern Society 31 The Society Library has recently received contribu- tions of scientific papers from three different foreign countries—from England, Japan, and China. Reviews of the paper from England by Irma Andersson-Kotté, ‘‘Observations on the Inheritance of Apospory and Alternation of Generations,’’ and of the fern articles from Japan are included in this number. The fern papers from China by Dr. R. C. Ching, botanist of the Metropolitan Museum of Natural His- tory, Nanking, China, are listed below and will be re- viewed later. In addition, two paragraphs from a recent letter from Dr. Ching are included as a separate note, and it is sug- gested that some members will be interested to respond to his request for specimens. AMERICAN FERN SocreTy LIBRARY Ching, R.C. Studies of Chinese Ferns. I. (Sinensia. Vol. I, No. 4.) Studies of Chinese Ferns. II. (Fan Memorial Institute of Biology. Bulletin. Vol. I, No. Studies of Chinese Ferns. JIT. (Fan Memorial Institute of Biology. Bulletin. Vol. II, No. 1.) Studies of Chinese Ferns. IV, Fan Mecndstel Institute of Biology. staat Vol. II, No. 2. +. Studies of Chinese Y : . (Fan Memorial Institute of Biology. Bulletin. (Vol. II, No. 10.) ——————. Studies of Chinese Ferns, VI. Genus Vittaria of China & Sikkime-Himalaya. (Sinensia, Vol. I, No. 12. ————. Studies of Chinese Ferns. VII. A revision of the genus Tectaria from China and Sikkime-Himalaya. 2 . dl, Na. 2) Ching, R.C. On the genus Egenolfia Schott. (Fan Memorial Institute of Biology. Bulletin. Vol. II, No. 16.) Ching, R. C. Some new species of ferns from Kwangsi, China. inensia. ae I, Mo. 4.) oe AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Ching, R.C. Species Nova Descripta. (Hooker’s Icones Plan- tarum, t. 3158, 1932.) Note: Items sent to the American Fern Society Library by the author. ‘‘T am forwarding to your Society in your care a set of my papers on ferns, a set as complete as they are available here, as I remember there are still some other small papers on ferns I left at my home in Nanking. And [ am sure you will receive all my subsequent papers on the ferns, principally from the eastern Continental ia. ““If it is possible, I would like to receive from you some American ferns, particularly, the species of genera of ferns peculiar to your country. In return, I can for- ward you an equivalent of the Chinese ferns, if you S0 desire.”’—R. C. CHIN The following erratum should have been listed in the last number: [AMERICAN FERN Journat, vol. 22] p. 49, line 19. For Garrott, read Garrett, Report of the Treasurer for 1931 GENERAL FUND RECEIVED ‘ Cash on hand Jan. 1 ....... . $1,342.26 — embership pa DOE MET aay CRO Mes Ee $ 2 ot are gee GOUBMAL. 36 Reprin ee AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY ao Par Out JOURNAL EHapense Printing $ 438.28 Illustrating. 85.82 Mailing and Postage ......ccccccccm 40.66 Stencils 2.04 Total JOURNAL CXPCNSE 2... $ 566.80 Reprints 61.98 Sere soit bought .... 35.00 10 i expense 31.89 oo 8 a 2.00 Election Expen 9.60 Total 707.37 Balance on hand, Dee. 31 $ 1,418.08 This Balance is made up as follows: ILLUSTRATING Fonp Balance on hand $ 3.50 Received 16.50 $ 20.00 “Paid out 20.00 On hand 0.00 —— FunpD On h $ 373.70 tx goin Nl 8 80.15 $ 453.85 $ _ - ee a Bia bi eae of Herbarium Unappropriat 95 “i 33 $1,418.08 SPECIAL RESERVE FUND On — Jan. 1 $ 973.34 Interest. ....... 34.07 On hand Dee, 31 $ 1,017.41 The Treasurer wishes to apologize for the delay in making this report. As a result of the depression he has had to give an unusual amount of time to adjusting his own business to the new conditions. The Fern Society * This amount included in JournaL Expense, Illustrating, above. 34 : AMERICAN F'eRN JOURNAL work had to be neglected. This will not oceur the com- ing year. Jay G. UNDERWooD, Treasurer 232 East Walnut Street, Oneida, N. Y. December 31, 1932 Rev. C. 8. Lew Secretary, hits Fern Society, Plattsburg, N. Y. Dear Sir: As Judge of Elections for 1932 I report as follows: 73 pens ballots were cast. ice eae Puicints: C. Hall popes 73 See retary—Charles BWI a 12 Te, eetiiet se: 1 = Treasnrer—J, G. Underwood 0... ccsccescecemen feo. Therefore Mr. Maxon, Mrs. Hall, Mr. Lewis, Mr. Underwood are reelected for the year Two blank ballots were received ( Sed.) NELLIE Mirick I hereby certify that the above is a correct copy of the report of the Judge of Elections. ‘ CuarueEs 8. Lewis, Secretary Albany, N. Y., Feb. 11, 1933 Mr. Fred G. Knowlton, Barksdale, Wisconsin, would like to exchange ferns of northern Wisconsin for name living plants of species of Woodsia and Cheilanthes. New members: Dix, W. L., Jefferson School, Brunswick Ave. and Southard s Trenton, N. Knobloch, Irving W., 1358 Fillmore Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY oD Change of address: rs. E. Peterson, Rt. 1, Box 468, Miami, Fla. Just as this number of the JouRNAL is about to go to press, we learn with keen regret of the death of an old. and valued member of the Society, Mr. W. R. MeColl. Mr. MeColl was born at Sarnia, Ontario, 78 years ago. For over forty years he had been a merchant and insur- ance agent in Owen Sound. He had two hobbies—coins, his collection of which is said to be the second best in Canada, and ferns. No reader of his articles in the JOURNAL a few years ago will need to be reminded of the infections enthusiasm with which he pursued and wrote about the latter, in a region famous as one of the American haunts of the hart’s-tongue and the home of several other rarities almost as notable. His fern her- barium is now at the University of Toronto. BOOKS BY THE FOUNDER OF THE AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY Botanical Essays. 112 pp. 23 essays $1.75 Practical Rites ses PP 110 ill. The regular high school co iter $1.10 | American jaa Wand 24 18 pp. All the common names of eastern American plants—1700 of Sak nner the correct technical names. Fern Allies ot North America. 283 pp. “155 ill. h ok Ss hone a eir Haunts. 333 pp. 225 il. - The pret ah work ..... $ WILLARD N. CLUTE & pe Butler University, Indianapo. THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB MEMBERSHIP Including Bulletin, Memoirs, and Torreya, $5.00 a year PUBLICATIONS etin. nitrite ip nesare 187 “ Gi ree: 00 “3 Bina grt ne ies 40 cen Of r volumes, onl n be plied 1 separately. " Man Hrssiend inte siided for oublication in ‘ie BULLETIN should be addressed to Tracy E. Hazen, Editor, Bastard College, Columbia University, New York City. Torreya. Bi-monthly, established 1901. Price, $1.00 a year Manuscripts iis ba for publication in TorreyA should be ad- tg to Georee T. Hastines, Editor, Robbins en Yonkers, Memoirs. Occasional, established 1839. . Price, $3.00 a volume. Preliminary Catalogue of Anthophyta and se within 100 miles of New York City, 1888, Price, $1.0 Subscriptions and Sig business communications should be ad- dressed to the Treasur ax. Helen M. fay corer Box 42, Schermer- tn Hall, Columbia jh Beer eg New York Cit WE COVER THE EARTH School Journal which goes to every country under the sun. Teachers eo find help and information in every issue. Special ents, Science Questions, General : Retetes Notes, Problem Department, Research and In- vestigations, and B. This Journal is the fae one in the English language whose SCHOOL SCIENCE & MATHEMATICS - Milwaukee, Wis. The Science Press Printing Company Printers of Scientific and Educational Le Journals, Monographs Ss at > — and Books Info od, » 2 s sy sy. 2 é. Be. Seto . Lime iad Green Sts., Lancaster, Penna. THE BRYOLOGIST PUBLISHED BY THE SULLIVANT MOSS SOCIETY y magazine in English wholly devoted to Mosses, Hepat : ; i Uni Twenty-five cents additional gives membership in the SULLIVANT MOSS SOCIETY, with free services of Curators for beginners. ess M. “ROBERTS State Teachers’ College Fairmount, W. Va. BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN MEMOIRS Volume I: 33 contributions by various authors on genetics, pathol- ogy, ee physio logy, ee plant geography, and systematic of Montauk, ‘ie. Pub. oo8, 108 pp. rice, Volume Tit: ‘The — of Mt. 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Single numbers, $1.95 post free, Foreign pos BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN, se N. ¥., U. 8. & ———— el This Free —— Lists Designed by Botanists ting Cases Fern Trowels t F L Felt Driers Field Picks - Write to-day for Catalog F 91 -CAMBOSCO SCIENTIFIC COMPANY WAVERLEY, MASS., U. S. A. Vol, 23 April-June, 1933 Ned. Ameriran Sern Journal A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO FERNS Published by the AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY Fd EDITORS R. C. BENEDICT E. J. WINSLOW Cc. A. WEATHERBY ad CONTENTS Looking Backward C. E. Warers 37 Notes on the Fern Flora of Iowa...» A. 8S. Lyness 39 Troubles of a Novice............ W. L. Dix +49 oS anges ebenoides in Lawrence Co., — R, M. KriepeL 52 Nehine a Fern Garden A. W. Smita 59 Bhorter Motes 63 American Fern Society 70 ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION. $1.25; FOREIGN, $1.35 tered a page nd- _ tt t : under the ‘et po = 8s matter a pnd coed -— authori a ae rorided ‘or in section 1403, Act The American Hern Society Counril for 1933 OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR Wituiam BR. Maxon, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, Petes ent Mes. Cartotta C, Hatt, Stanford University, —< Vice president Rev. C. S. Lewis, 66 South Swan St., Albany, N. Y........ J. G. UNDERWoon, Hartland, Vt Tre OFFICIAL. ORGAN oo nits Journal ORS a C, BENEDICT... ae ‘Dorchester Road, Brooklyn, N. ¥. E. J. WiINsLow terfield Road, F Brattleboro, Vt. C. A. WEATHERBY ridge, Mass. An illustrated quarterly devoted to the general study of ferns. PeycarreiLaiger $1.25 per oes Soe 10 cents aged sent free embers of the AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY (annual dues, oy 50; life eoubenini, $25. rec Extracted reprints, if ordered in adv vance, will be furnished authors at cost. They should be ordered when proof i is returned. Volume I, six numbers, $2.00; other —— $1.25 each. sings numbers 35 cents each. Vol. pou o. 1; vol. III, nos. 2, 3, 9% 4; and vol. IV, no. 1 eannot eepiies except "with e omplete volumes, Ten per cent. discount to members and insti ratio ms 08 orders of six volumes or more. Matter for publication should be addressed to R. C. a at 1819 Teco Road, or Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 100 0 Wash ington Ave., Broo oklyn, N.Y. Orders for back numbers should be sent to the Secretary of th? rooklyn Botanie Garden, Brooklyn, N. ¥. Other business oP — should be addressed to E. J. WinsLow, “Auburndale . CURATOR OF THE HERBARIUM L. S. Horrrss . er-Stockton College, Canton, - A regular loan department is maintained in connection bape Society herbarium. Members may borrow specimens from * phe also open to members sat those a membership list is published to further assist interested in obtaining specimens from different localities. American Fern Journal Vou. 23 APRIL-JUNE, 1933 No. 2 Looking Backward C. E. WATERS Forty years ago, if he could have foreseen this occa- Sion,’ an orderly soul would have made a memorandum of the name of the magazine in which he saw the call to organize the Fern Chapter of the Agassiz Association, the date of his application for membership, and other pertinent details which would now come in quite handy. Lacking these aids to the memory, the writer can still re- call that some time during the summer of 1893 he read Somewhere Mr. Clute’s notice that all who were inter- ested were invited to join the new Fern Chapter. He had been given a friendly push into the study of botany in the summer of 1888, and had learned the names of a few ferns, but had done practically nothing until after 1890, when he joined a high school Chapter of the same Association. So it seemed doubtful whether he was eligi- ble for membership in the Fern Chapter. What a relief it was to learn that his credentials were satisfactory ! If he could be a member, almost anybody could, and in all the years since then the Fern Society has been willing to accept everybody who is sufficiently interested. The Yeriest greenhorn and the highest authority have always [Volume 23, No. 1, of the Journat, pages 1-36, plates 1 and 2, was issued April 9, 1933.] 1 The editors are most grateful to Dr. Waters for thus p-easantly emphasizing the fact that this year marks the fortieth anniversary of the founding of the American Fern Society. We wish that more reminiscences might be forthcoming from others of the older members, 37 38 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL been on an equal footing as members. There have been | some who could hardly tell a leaf of meadow rue from a fern, and others whose knowledge of the subject made them authorities. One of the latter was L. M. Under- wood, whose little book was so valuable and popular. At one time it seemed almost the last word in technical fern literature. His quizzical smile and untimely end are not forgotten. There was B. D. Gilbert, a courtly and affable — man, a delightful correspondent; not exactly a species : splitter, but in the writer’s opinion too much inclined to give names to obviously freak forms. His Polypodium vulgare var. Churchiae, about which we read in the first number of this Journau for 1933, is a case in point. And there was George E. Davenport, whose eyes always filled with tears at the mention of Asa Gray. He named sev- eral of the western species of Cheilanthes, and first showed the diagnostic value of the buds of the species of Botrychium. The writer found and was puzzled by Davenport’s Dryopteris simulata two months before his deseription was published, but would probably not have felt impelled to name it, for who would look for such big beds of a distinct new species in this part of the world? Once recognized, it is as distinct as the two species it simulates, and the wonder is that Davenport and Raynal Dodge, its real discoverer, held. back so long before d¢- scribing it in print. The Fern Bulletin was our pride, though at first al- 4 most small enough to be carried in a vest pocket, with all _ the other miscellanies that are advertised as appropriate — for that repository. By the end of its tenth year it had © become large enough to print a cluster of fern students,” photographed at their best, and seven of them authors of fern books. The other three have written enough short papers to make a book or two, each. ? Reproduced on page 212 of G. H. Tilton’s Fern Lover’s CO™ — panion, ; Fern Fiora or Iowa 39 The writer long ago dropped active work on the ferns, and can not say whether one feature of the early days still exists. That is the active correspondence of the members with one another, which resulted in many plea- Sant friendships by mail. We did not then have such luxuries as life members and an honorary member or two, nor did the Treasurer’s reports show such balances as the last one, but considering everything, it was a nice little Society. WasuineTon, D. C. Notes on the Fern Flora of Iowa A. 8S. LYNEsSsS The most complete published list of Iowa Ferns and their allies which the writer has seen, is the one prepared by T. J. and M. F. L. Fitzpatrick and published in the Fern Bulletin under the date of J uly, 1903. At the time this report was made it gave in a thorough and interest- ing manner the status of native ferns in Iowa. But now after thirty years, obviously some additions and corrections should be made to such a list. Workers in the field during the past three decades have located some new species, new varieties of old species have been found and new stations for nearly all the species known in 1903 have been detected. It is with the object of supply- ing this information and bringing the facts concerning ~ the distribution of our native ferns and their allies up to date, that this paper is written. A list prepared by the writer early in 1932 contains fifty-six species and varieties of Pteridophytes for the State of Iowa. Herbarium specimens have been seen for 40 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL all these and their determination carefully checked, ex- cept for Isoetes melanopoda J. Gay which is included — upon the authority of Dr. Pfeiffer who has reported two | herbarium specimens of this species from Iowa (1), one now in the Gray Herbarium and the other in the Her- — barium of the Missouri Botanical Gardens. Fitzpatrick’s List contains forty-seven plants with the mention of a forty-eighth in the variety intermedius of — Camptosorus rhizophyllus (.) Link, reported from Mus- catine County by Arthur. Since the writer knows of no herbarium specimen by means of which its identity might be determined, it seems best not to include it in a list of lowa ferns. 7 Similarly, several persons have reported from time to time the finding of Thelypteris noveboracensis (L.) Nieuwl. in Iowa. Mrs. Tuttle reported having found it on Indian Head Bluff in Mitchell County (2). There 4 are no herbarium specimens in either the University Her-_ barium or the Herbarium of the Iowa State College, neither has the writer found it in any of the smaller her baria visited. It might be a case of mistaken identity, — even though Iowa is in the range of the New York Shield — Fern as Fitzpatrick says. Therefore, since there is 20 specimen with which to verify these reports, good judg- ment would seem to dictate the omission of this 7 from the Iowa list. : The elimination of these two plants leaves forty-six 2 Fitzpatrick’s list, to which ten distinct forms of Towa Ferns and Fern-like Plants should be added, the names, deseriptions and distributions of which are given in the paragraphs that follow. The station for Botrychium dissectum Spreng, de- seribed by Graves in a recent article in the FERN J OURNAL (3), is the only station for this species in Iowa. This 1 formation has already been published by Graves in al- other article in the Fern J ouRNAL (4) in which the : Fern Fuiora or Iowa 41 tribution is shown on Plate 11 of Volume 21. The writer has visited this station and has seen specimens from it in the State Herbaria at Ames and at Iowa City. The Botrychium dissectum Spreng., var. obliquum (Muhl.) Clute reported by Fitzpatrick as having been ~ found by Dr. Fink in Fayette County in 1893 and named B. ternatum (Thunb.) Sw. by the collector was found in Robinson’s Woods and is now in the State Herbarium at Ames. The label on the specimen sheet was changed by some one, possibly by the curator of the herbarium, and perhaps before 1903, but it has since been changed again to Botrychium ternatum (Thunb.) Sw., var. intermedium D. C. Eaton. The writer has seen this specimen and is confident that this latter determination is correct. It is certainly much more like Fig. 6 on page 49 of Gray’s Manual, Seventh Edition, than like Fig. 5a on the same page. This again, was reported by Graves in the FERN JOURNAL (4) and the one station for this fern in Iowa correctly located on Plate 11, Volume 21. To the distribution of Botrychium dissectum Spreng., var. obliquum (Muhl.) Clute given by Graves in the FERN JourNAL, Plate 11, Volume 21 (4) should be added one more station. It was found by Dr. Anderson in 1931 near Homestead in Iowa County. This variety is almost as rare as typical dissectum in the state. It seems that there has been considerable confusion in the past about the correct determination of some of the Scouring rushes. In recent years botanists in this state, especially those who have used Gray’s Manual primarily as a basis for the determination of the species of Equise- tum, have generally been inclined to call everything Equisetum hyemale L. in cases where the plant was defi- _hitely known to be either that or Equisetum prealtum Raf. This may have been due to the fact that the species is considered a variety of E. hyemale in Gray’s Manual 42 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL and some have an aversion to using any varietal names unless it is absolutely necessary. Still more recently practically all the herbarium specimens of this so-called E. hyemale have been carefully checked and found to be, with few exceptions, E. prealtum. Generally speaking, then, there is no true hyemale in the state. There are, however, three specimens in the University Herbarium at Iowa City, which were collected by Dr. Shimek in Dubuque County, that are undoubtedly E£. hyemale. That constitutes the only station for this spe- cies in the state. H. prealtum, on the other hand, is locally common in Towa, being found either scattered, growing in prairie soil, or in large beds along the banks of streams. At least, E. hyemale is not ‘‘probably fre- quent’’ as Fitzpatrick suggests. The counties in which Equisetum prealtum Raf. has been collected are as follows: Boone, Cerro Gordo, Clay- ton, Decatur, Dickinson, Dubuque, Emmet, Henry, John- son, Kossuth, Linn, Marshall, Muscatine, Shelby, Van Buren, Winnebago, Woodbury. Equisetum kansanum Schaffner is rather widely scat- tered in its distribution, being found mostly in the west- ern part of the state. It is an annual form evidently de- rived from Equisetum laevigatum A. Br. The distribu- tion by counties of this species in Iowa follows: Cerro Gordo, Dickinson, Emmet, Linn, Lyon, Pottawattamie, Scott, Shelby, Story, Union, Webster. In addition to the two counties mentioned in the 1903 list for Equisetum pratense Ehrh., Allamakee and Fay- ette counties should be included to make the distribu- tion complete. Equisetum sylvaticwm L, is rather rare in Iowa a8 Fitzpatrick says but it has also been collected in Frank- lin, Hardin, Towa, Linn and Webster counties. Fern Fuora or Iowa 43 Equisetum variegatum, var. Jesupi A. A: Eaton is very rare in Iowa and strangely enough has been found only in two widely separated portions of the state—the south- east corner and the northwest corner. Specimens are in the local herbaria from Des Moines, Dickinson and Lee counties. Buchanan and Chickasaw counties should be added to the distribution of Lycopodium complanatum 1. and to that of Lycopodium lucidulum Michx. the following counties: Allamakee, Chickasaw, Delaware, Iowa an Lee. The writer has seen no specimen of Lycopodium luctdulum from Winneshiek County. All the club mosses are rare in Iowa. The two forms mentioned above have been found more frequently than the other three. There is but one station in this state for Lycopodium complanatum, var. flabelliforme Fernald. It was found by Berry in Buffalo Township, Linn County. This is the one that is sometimes called Ground Pine. Speci- mens of Berry’s collection are in the Herbarium of the University of Iowa. Lycopodiwm obscurum, var. dendroideum (Micbx.) D. C. Eaton was seen and collected by Reed in Pine Hollow, Dubuque County and one specimen of it is now in the Herbarium of the Iowa State College at Ames. This form, commonly known as the Tree Club Moss, has not been found in any other locality in the state. Osmunda cinnamomea L. was mentioned in Fitzpat- rick’s paper as native to three counties of Iowa but the Writer has seen specimens from but one county— Muscatine. There are other places in the state where it is cultivated in gardens. Using the key characters given for P. glabella and P. atropurpurea (l.) Link given in Schaffner’s Manual of the Flora of Ohio (5), all the specimens in the University 44 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Herbarium and in the state Herbarium at Ames were submitted to a microscopic test to determine the nature of the teeth on the rhizomes and the appearance of the spores and although they had all been previously labelled P. atropurpurea they were found to be P. glabella, the usually smaller, northern form of the genus that one would naturally expect to find in Iowa. This state is almost out of the range of the Purple Cliff Brake but Graves found one station for it in Van Buren County in the southeast corner of the state. He has sent a speci- men of it to each of the two largest herbaria in the state and these are the only available specimens of Pellaea atropurpurea (li.) Link from the only station for this species in the state. Pellaea glabella Mett. is common all over eastern Iowa wherever there are limestone ledges. It has been collected in the following counties: Allamakee, Buchanan, Cedar, Clayton, Clinton, Delaware, Dubuque, Fayette, Hardin, Jackson, Johnson, Jones, Linn, Mitchell, Muscatine, Scott, Van Buren, Webster, Winneshiek. There are available specimens of Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott from Jackson and Lee counties but none from Fayette and Scott. Other coun- ties that should be mentioned in the distribution are Cedar, Henry, Johnson and Linn. Allamakee and Bremer counties should be added to the distribution given in the earlier publication of Selagt nella rupestris (L.) Spreng. The writer has not seen specimens of this from Benton County. Brackens whose leaf characters closely fit the brief description for Pteridium latiusculum (Desv.) Hieron, var. pseudocaudatum (Clute) Maxon in Gray’s Manual, Seventh Edition, p. 36 have been found in Iowa and Johnson counties. This variety is probably locally com- mon in the eastern one-third of the state. aa FERN Fuiora or Iowa 45 Some of the species of the genus Thelypteris, which is represented by ten forms in Iowa, should have other counties added to the distributions given in Fitzpatrick’s paper as follows: Lhelypteris cristata (L.) Nieuwl.—Chickasaw County. Thelypteris Goldiana (Hook.) Nieuwl. — Mahaska, Scott and Webster counties. Thelypteris hexagonoptera (Michx.) Weatherby— Cedar, Clayton, Hardin and Louisa. Thelypteris spinulosa (O. F. Muell.) Nieuwl—Alla- makee, Emmet and Webster counties. The writer has seen no specimens of Thelypteris Phegopteris (L.) Slosson from Hardin and Fayette counties, no specimens of Thelypteris Robertiana (Hoffm.) Slosson from Fayette County, and no specimen of Thelypteris spinulosa (O. F. Muell.) Nieuwl. from Lee County. Another form of Thelypteris, very rare in the state, is Thelypteris spinulosa (O. F. Muell.) Nieuwl., var. mter- media (Muhl.) Nieuwl. Herbarium specimens may be seen here from Hardin and Muscatine counties where it is usually found growing on sandy banks in dense Shade. : Woodsia ilvensis (L.) R. Br., the Rusty Woodsia, was found by Dr. Shimek in 1901 northeast of Hesper in Winneshiek County, growing on outcroppings of St. Peter’s Sandstone. This is the only station for this fern In Towa. Woodsia obtusa (Spreng.) Torr. could hardly be said to be ‘infrequent’? for specimens are available from twelve counties of the state and it is often found as far west as Boone and Webster counties. It is rather ‘ommon and widely distributed with us, often found Srowing on the moss covered tops of limestone ledges. This is the distribution by counties: Boone, Decatur, buque, Fayette, Hardin, Jackson, Johnson, Mahaska, 46 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Museatine, Van Buren, Webster, Winneshiek. For the following species Fitzpatrick did not attempt to give a list of the counties in which they might be or had been found. Perhaps the county distribution will give a better idea than a description in words of their relative frequency in the state: ADIANTUM PEDATUM IL. Allamakee, Appanoose, Boone, Bremer, Buchanan, Calhoun, Cedar, Chickasaw, Clayton, Delaware, © Muscatine, Pottawattamie, Poweshiek, Shelby, Tay- lor, Van Buren, Warren, Webster, Winnebag9, Winneehiek. | ATHYRIUM ACROSTICHOIDES (Sw. ) Die erro Gordo, loin Dubuque, Lowa, Jackson, Johnson, Jones, Mahaska, Muscatine. | Aruyriom Finrx- FEMINA (L.) Roth. s, y Muscatine, Pottawattamie, Poweshiek, Ringgold, Story, Van Buren, Warren, Webster, Winnebag®, Winne Borrycuium virGINIANUM Swart Allamakee, Boone, Bremer, poe Gordo, oe Chickasaw, Clayton, Delaware, Dubuqu Emmet, Fayette, Hardin, Henry, Iowa, J ea Jaspers Johnson, Jones, Lee, Linn, Mitchell, Muscatine, Pottawaitami, "Shelby, Story, Van Buren, Warren, Webst r, Winnebago, Winneshiek. Ciansiearere RHIZOPHYLLUS Link. Allamakee, Boone, Coase Clayton, igen: Du- uque, Fremont, Hardin, Harrison, Jacks n, Joht son, Jones, Linn, Mahaska, Story, Van peer Web | r, Winnes ; oore, = Ssgmaee Clayton, Dubuque, Jackson, Jones, Winneshiek : FERN FuorA oF Iowa 47 CRYPTOGRAMMA STELLERI (Gmel.) Prantl. edar, Cerro Gordo, Clayton, Delaware, Dubuque Fayette, Hardin, Jackson, Johnson, Webster, Win- neshie : ame BULBIFERA (L.) Bernh. Allamakee, Buchanan, Cerro Gordo, Chickasaw, tine, Tam ernns 5 BR om (L.) "Bern Allamakee, Appanoose, Boone, Cerro Gordo, Chick- asaw, Clayton, Dallas, Decatur, Delaware, Dubuque, Emmet, Grundy, Hardin, Henry, Towa, Jackson, Johnson, Lee, Linn, Louisa, Marion, Marshall, eee Pottawattamie, Ringgold, Story, Taylor, an Buren, Webster, Winneshiek. Beuserva ARVENSE IL. tine, rigid ava 2 Poweshiek, Story, Webster, Winnebago, hes nesh Equiserum FLUVIL ma Chickasaw, henge Dickinson, Haneock, Hamilton, owa, Winne ago. Equiserum LAEVIGATUM A. Br. Boone, Bremer, Cerro Gordo, Dallas, Emmet, Har- rison, Jasper, Johnson, Lee, Linn, Lyon, Muscatine, Poweshiek, Story, Union, Winnebago. ONoctra senstpiuis 1, Black Hawk, Chickasaw, Clayton, Decatur, Dela- ware, Dubuque, Emmet, Fayette, Hardin, Iowa, Lee, Linn, Marion, Mitchell, "Muscatine, Poweshiek, Ring- gold, Wa apello, Winneshiek. Osmunpa CLayTontana L. Allamakee, Appanoose, Chickasaw, Clayton, ~~ ekso Jasper, Johnson, Jones, Lee, Marshall, Nicacwilie Story, Van Buren, We bster, Winneshi ek. Piirecmna: VIRGINIANUM Allamakee, Boone, Clayton, Hardin, Jackson, Lee, Lyon, Marion, Muscatine, Webster, Winneshiek. 48 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL PTERETIS NODULOSA (Michx.) Nieuwl. llamakee, Chickasaw, Clayton, Decatur, Dubuque, Emmet, Fayette, Hardin, Jackson, Johnson, Linn, Madison, Muscatine, Polk, Shelby, Story, Buren, Warren, Webster, ie anima PTERIDIUM LATIUSCULUM (Desv.) Hier Allamakee, Benton, Buchanan, Chabion: Delaware, Dubuque, Floyd, Hancock, Hardin, Iowa, Johnson, - Jones, Lee, Muscatine, Tama, Winnebago, Winne- shiek. le THELYPTERIS oan ieaes vues Schott, var. PUBESCENS wso Cerro Boric: ee Clayto Délewe Fayette, Hancock, Johnson, Siacatice. Story, nebago, Winneshiek. Athyrium angustifolium (Michx.) Milde is a very rare fern in Iowa. There are available specimens from only two counties—Delaware and Jackson. To the distribution of Asplenium platyneuron (L.) Oakes should be added Johnson, Lee and Van Buren counties. Azolla caroliniana has also been found in Decatur County. Geologists are now agreed that there is no driftless area in Iowa mentioned in paragraph two of Fitapat- rick’s paper (6). The area referred to as ‘« driftless’’ probably belongs to the Nebraskan Ice Sheet. The writer has tried to discover some existing relationship between the drift areas of Iowa and the distribution of our native ferns but there seems to be no direct, positive correlation between them. If there is such a relation- ship, it must of necessity be vicarious in nature. LITERATURE (1). Pfeiffer, Norma E. Monograph of the Isoetaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Gardens, Vol. IX, pp. 79-232. (1922.) TROUBLES OF A NOVICE 49 (2). Tuttle, Mrs. Flora May. The Flora of Mitchell County, Iowa. The Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science. Vol. XXVI, pp. 269-299. (1919.) (3). Graves, E. W. Botrychium dissectum from Minnesota. iene FERN JourNAL, Vol. XXI, pp. 21-24. (1931.) : ICAN Fern J ee Vol. XXI, pp. 125-132. (1931.) (5). Schaffner, J. H. Field Manual of the Flora of Ohio. R. G. Adams & Co. rie > (6). Kay and Apfel. Pre-Illinoian Pleistocene Geology of Iowa. Iowa Geological Survey, Vol. XXXIV, p. 13. (1929.) Troubles of a Novice W._L. Drx One of the greatest difficulties of a novice in the iden- tification of ferns is his inability to use the text and methods of a botanist, and the weakness of popular handbooks on ferns in their failure to segregate some characteristic that really defines. Much of their text is — merely descriptive. It is very interesting and often helpful, but much of the description is applicable to three or four other ferns. The difficulties of the novice are not apparent to the scientist. A good illustration of this weakness is the use of such Phrases as ‘‘delicate beauty, peculiar form’’ as distin- guishing marks of the maiden-hair fern, Adiantum pedatum. Now, no one is likely to mistake the maiden- hair fern from a good description, or from an illustra- tion. Neither is he likely to identify it by such a char- acterization as that above. Either Cystopteris fragilis or Asplenium trichomanes will qualify for ‘‘delicate beauty,’’ and every fern is ‘‘peculiar in form’”’ till the novice discovers a similar one. The scientist, out of the abundance of his experience, must select simple, accu- 50 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL rate, and qualifying terms for unique characteristics. Description will not take the place of definition. In the beginning of my study of ferns, I examined © hundreds of Lady Ferns in the hope of finding the Silvery Spleenwort, because the silvery appearance of the back of the fronds had been emphasized as the dis- tinguishing feature of this fern. All Lady Ferns have this appearance in the early stages of fructification. Why didn’t the author mention the very evident hairi- ness of the fronds of the Silvery Spleenwort which I believe will distinguish it from practically all similar ferns? — I encountered the same difficulty with Cystopteris fragilis and the Common Woodsia (Woodsia obtusa). Before I found the Woodsia, I examined countless Brit- tle Ferns. My handbook says that the pinnae of the Woodsia are blunter. Blunter means nothing when one has only one species, and the individual plants of that species exhibit all degrees of angularity and bluntness. The book further enlightens the student that the sori of the Woodsia are star-shaped. Star-shaped is not a very accurate term to define the sori of a fern. When I did really find the Woodsia, when I had it in my hands, the first characteristic I noticed was the minute hairs on the stalks. No slightest mention of this was made in the handbook. I think I am right in saying that this feature will separate these two ferns. These popular guide books offer many other mislead- ing descriptions as means of identification. I refer to the usual description of Thelypteris americana as having longer lower pinnules on the bottom pair of pinnae to differentiate it from the two closely related forms. Fol- lowing this description I misnamed 7. intermedia which often has pinnules over two inches long and three times the length of the upper pinnules. The fronds of 7. TROUBLES OF A NOVICE 51 americana are also said to be broader. With the dif- ferent species of Thelypteris taking all kinds of liberties, not only in respect to shape, but in almost every detail, including habitat, the term broader doesn’t help the novice very much. _ Practically every handbook on ferns gives the habitat of 7. spinulosa as “‘rich, deep woods.’’ I have never found it in woods except along the borders. I have found it in very rocky fields, sometimes with its roots reaching down ten or twelve inches for soil and moisture. Although this fern is accounted as rare in many locali- ties, it is quite common in Wayne County, Pennsylvania, if it has been correctly identified. Two fern specialists have identified it as such for me. In the wooded hill- sides of this locality this fern is replaced by 7. inter- media. It does not grow there on wet swampy ground as one author writes. I suspect that I underrate the difficulty of writing an accurate popular handbook on ferns. I am sure that I have not exaggerated the difficulty in following them. Nothing that I have said about these books should be interpreted as meaning that I do not appreciate and enjoy them. I am indebted to them for many pleasur- able hours indoors and afield. My attempt to add to my fern list of Lake Shehawken, Pa., as published in Vol. 22, No. 2, of the Fern JOURNAL, has resulted in the elimination of Dryopteris simulata, which belongs to my list of New Jersey ferns, in a change of Botrychium obliquum to B. ternatum var. intermedium, as identified by Mr. Graves, of Bentonsport, Towa. Additions to the Shehawken list include