toe paw eta, a tie ay hs American Fern IJourna A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO FERNS Published by the AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY cad EDITORS R. C. BENEDICT E. J. WINSLOW W. R. MAXON Cc. A. WEATHERBY Bd VOLUME XXIV-— 26 1 9.3 42/75" LANCASTER, PE \ gq APR 14 ar) \ Wa —-) : & J ; CONTENTS VOLUME 24, NuMBER 1, Paces 1-36, IssureD Marcu 20, 1934 More Fern Notes from California Joseph Ewan Some Folk-lore of Ferns from Sir James George Frazer 10 New Maidenhair from Peru.......W. R. Maxon and C. V. Morton 15 Recent Fern Literature BIg Shorter Notes 23 American Fern Society 29 VOLUME 24, NUMBER 2, PAGES 33-64, IssuED JuLy 3, 1934 Visit to the Southern: Appalachians E. W. Graves 33 ‘ s of Equisetum J. H. Schaffner 36 cake? 8 sy ieeabioock in Tennessee J. M. Shaver 39 The Second Year F.L. Fagley 43 Recent Fern Literature 48 Shorter Notes 50 American Fern Society : 53 VOLUME 24, NUMBER 3, Paces 65-96, IssuED Sept. 19, 1934 Saving the Scolopendrium Fern H. D. House 65 New Tropical American Ferns, XIT W. Rk. Mazon 72 Success with Ferns M. R. Sharpe 76 Notes on some oie Pteridophytes ....22........... T. M. C. Taylor- 79 A Vermont Fern Garden E. M. Kittredge 84 More Porn: -garden Lists. 87 Shorter Notes 92 American. Fern Society 94 VoLUME 24, NuMBER 4, Paces 97-128, Issuep Jan. 14, 1935 ‘Fern Field Notes, 1934 E. T. Wherry 97 Adventures in Fern Collecting E. J. Palmer 104 Growing Ferns under Difficulties ........................... F. H. Sprague 109 ecent Fern Literature 114 Shorter s 117 American Fern Society 120 Index to Volume 24 125 Vol, 24 January-March, 1934 No. 1” meriran Fern IJnurnal Pr ingaedl rp A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO FERNS Published by the AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY Che American Hern Society Council for 1934 OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR Epear T. WHERRY, University of Pennsylvania, Leste, “at Pe, resident Mrs. Exsre Grsson WuHitney, New York State Museum, abe N. .. Secretary Henry K. SVENSON, ‘Brooklyn ‘Botanic ‘Garden, ‘Brooklyn, Nix Treasurer OFFICIAL ORGAN American Fern Journal EDITORS Raupu C. BENEDICT ......... 1819 Dorchester R oad, Brooklyn, N. Y. KE. J. WInstow ...... .w.. Chesterfield te Brattlebcro, Vt. C. A. WEATHERBY Cambridge, Mass An illustrated quarterly devoted to the general study of ferns. Subscription, $1.25 per year, foreign, 10 cents extra; sent to members of the AMERIC €} annual ‘ 50; life SS $25.00). Extracted reprints, if ordered in , will be furnished authors at cost, They should be ordered Witsoe ba wonbens: #00: other volumes $1.25 each. Single _ back numbers 35 cents each. Vol. I, no. 1; vol. III, nos. 2, 3 and 4; and vol. IV, no. 1 cannot cannot be supplied except with complete volumes. Ten per ¢ scp discount £0 members and institutions on ee C. Benedict at American Fern Journal Vou. 24 JANUARY-MARCH, 1934 No. 1 More Fern Notes from California JOSEPH EWAN Since my recent summary of activities in southern California (1931) a remarkable array of new records and notes have accumulated resulting in the present paper. ‘To my own findings are added those of several local fern students by their kind cooperation. This paper also discusses some published accounts of many years’ standing and I have endeavored to validate statements made herein by examination of the material or original description concerned. To the many fellow students and friends who have granted permission to examine collections under their charge or to publish notes therefrom, or who have in any way contributed to this paper, I express my sincere thanks. To Dr. Carl Epling, of the University of Cali- fornia at Los Angeles, Mr. F. R. Fosberg, now of the University of Hawaii, Miss Bonnie Templeton, of the Los Angeles Museum, Mr. G. L. Moxley, Mr. E. L. Peterson, Mr. Louis C. Wheeler, and especially to Dr. A. L. Grant and to Dr. P. A. Munz, who offered many suggestions, I am indeed grateful. The following abbreviations are employed for the herbaria cited: niversity of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Pomona College, Claremont (P) Los Angeles Museum (LAM) Ewan Herbarium (E) {Volume 23, No. 4, of the JouRNAL, pages 105-136, plate 6, was issued March 8, 1934.] 1 2 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL The notes gleaned from the Ida Teed Collection, re- cently donated to the Herbarium of the University of California at Los Angeles, are mainly of interest as rec- ords made in San Diego County in 1888. ‘‘ Adiantum chilense Kaulf.’’ in Bolander’s ‘‘Cata- logue’’ (1870) is the following species and so separated by Miiller (1864). ADIANTUM JoRDANI C. Mill. San Miguel Mt., San Diego Co., Teed in 1888 (UCLA). For a description of this and other localities in this county see the account of Laura Kimball (1911). ADIANTUM PEDATUM L. var. ALEUTICUM Rupr. Can now be reported for the first time from the San Jacinto Mts. upon a collection from ‘‘Marion Creek’’ above Strawberry Valley, 5700 ft., Peterson in 1932 (E) where it is fairly common locally. The earliest record for this part of the state and one generally overlooked is ‘‘ Mount San Bernardino,’’ W. G. Wright (Eaton, 1880), pos- sibly identical geographically with Snow Canyon station of Parish (1917) or with the Falls Creek station cited by Ewan (1931). The discovery of the Little Santa Anita Canyon station should be credited to McClatchie (1895) rather than to Moxley, its rediscoverer, as given in my last paper (1931). SPLENIUM VESPERTINUM Maxon. Apparently the first collection clearly made at the type song (San Miguel Mt., San Diego Co.) is Teed in 1888 (UCLA). First reported from San Gabriel Mts., Los Angeles Co., by McClatchie (1894) and the following year specifically designated ‘‘Millards and Little Santa Anita Canyons’’ of that range (1895). CHEILANTHES CALIFORNICA Mett. This fern was first reported from Santa Catalina Island by Brandegee (1890), but its oceurrence was doubted by Millspaugh and Nuttall (1923). It may be positively credited to i ee eee a ee ee FERN Notes FROM CALIFORNIA 3 the island however by the recent collections of Dunkle (P), from Empire Landing, Johnson’s Canyon, and Renton Mine Hill. CHEILANTHES CLEVELANDIL Eaton. Wiggins (1932) records a station for this fern at 4000 ft. elevation in San Diego Co. A second such record is: ‘‘near Monte- zuma Mines, Montezuma Valley,’’ Cota 132 (E). Also collected at San Miguel Mt., Teed in 1888 (UCLA). CHEILANTHES ViscIDA Davenp. This fern has long been known from the Panamint Mts. of Inyo Co., but to my knowledge has not been reported from the ‘‘Mohavan Area’’ (Jepson, Man. 12, 1925). Collections have been examined from the Granite Mts., east of Victorville, San Bernardino Co., Jaeger without no. or date (P), Fosberg in ? 1928 (LAM), and Wheeler 417 in 1931 (Wheeler Herb.). A fourth station for this rather rare species for San Diego Co. is Palm Canyon of the Borego, em- pleton 1647 (LAM). CRYPTOGRAMMA AcRosTICHOIDES R. Br. The Munz record noted in my last paper (1931) from San Jacinto Peak, Riverside Co., is antedated by a collection from this high altitude station of A. Davidson in 1896 (LAM). CYSTOPTERIS FRAGILIS (L.) Bernh. This fern is more frequent in our area than formerly believed. It was first recorded from the San Gabriel Mts., Los Angeles Co., by MeClatchie (1894) and the following year eredited specifically to Little Santa Anita Canyon where it persisted at the probable original station until its extinction was reported by the author (1931). During my recent botanizing in the range, however, I noted it ou the north slope of Monrovia Peak in 1933, and col- lected it on upper Tujunga Creek, Ewan 7275 (E), above Horse Flats, Pine Flats region, Ewan 7343 (BE), and from Millard’s Canyon, Ewan 7579 (BE). Recorded from Santa Barbara Co. (perhaps rather ‘‘ Ventura Co.’’ 4 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL t. Pinos region—cited by Munz & Johnston (1922) ) -; gets (1886) and Yates (1887). Marsitea veEsTITA Hook. & Grev. This fernwort ranges from sea-level through the Upper Transition Zone in southern California, and may now be positively eredited to the San Bernardino Mts., although Davidson and Moxley (1923) had mistakenly so recorded the plant nine years before its first known collection in that range. ‘‘Heavy soil of dried pool,’’ Barton Flats, Santa Ana soe drainage, 6500 ft., Wheeler 1235 (UCLA, E) and ‘plants extremely abundant in and about a desiccated pond or small lake,’’ valley s.e. of Baldwin Lake, Bear Valley, 7000 ft., Peirson 10674 (EB). NOTHOLAENA CALIFORNICA Eaton. Two additional sta- tions for the San Gabriel Mts., both at an elevation of 1000 ft., are: San Gabriel Canyon, 6 miles from the mouth, Wheeler 878 (EK) and Rogers Canyon, Wheeler 955 (FE). with of Curat for beginners. Cc. wt. “ROBERTS State Teachers’ College Fairmount, W. V& BROOKLYN ac aricon GARDEN MEMO Volume I: 33 contributions by various authors on cencticn, pathol- ogy, mycology, ; physiology, ecology, plant geography, systematic Volume Ii: The ge ol of Long Island. Part 1. The vegetation i of Montauk, ete. 1923. 108 pp. Price, $1.00. A aE Volume III: The Sweeter © ot Desert. Maine, and its environ i ment. By Barrington Moore Norman Taylor. 151 pages, 27 text — figures, vegetation map seagtd meted June 10, 1927. Price, $1.60. : guareareemayatera JOURNAL OF BOTANY Devoted to Branches o Science oneal ; Established 1914. Monthly, except August and September. UMN Publication of the the Bo tunieal Society of America. Subscriptions, | eer puetagg toon rm hs al genet te Havironast . Bubectigtion, OF rons for complete ae “Parts of volumes Put the aecke nuctes Single $1.25 post free. Foreign postage: 20 cents. BLN A Record of Tevestizations em 1 and Variation Bi-monthly. Ste ea ee con) volumes (an. tot Dec.). Parts of volumes at the sin 10: ee : _ Single numbers, $1.25 post free. Foreign postage SSicents. BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN, Brooklyn, N.¥~ US July-September, 1934 No. 3 A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO FERNS Published by the AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY _—_tET| R. C. BENEDICT 'W. R. MAXON ees CONTENTS The American Hern Soriety Council for 1934 OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR Engar T. WHeEgry, University of Pennsylvania, iapusuats =<" Pa. Mrs. Cartorra OC, Hatt, Stanford University, Cal., Vice Presiden Mrs, ee SoN WHITNEY, New York State [useum, aioe ides x. Svenson, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brookiya, 2 N. Y. beer ei tae os ae es ee _, Subscription, $1.25 per year, for ts extra; sent free to members of the AMERICAN FERN SOLE (annual duet : CLs $1.50; life membership, $25.00). Extracted reprints, if ordered erie th ee eee They should be ord : American Fern Journal Vou. 24 JULY-SEPTEMBER No. 3 Saving the Scolopendrium Fern Homer D. House The vicinity of Jamesville, Onondaga County, New York, is classic ground ‘to both the geologist and the botanist. Across the outcropping Onondaga limestone on both sides of and above the present level of the valley of the Butternut ereek and almost at right angles to the Present north and south placement of the valley are the famous postglacial gorges caused by the eastward flow of the outlets of the postglacial Lake Onondaga. In 1807 Pursh discovered the Hart’s-tongue fern near Geddes, southwest of the city of Syracuse. In 1830, William Cooper found the fern at Chittenango Falls, a few miles southeast of Syracuse. Meanwhile the two localities where the fern was most abundant remained unknown until found by Lewis Foote in 1866 near Jamesville, and in the same year by J. A. Paine, Jr., at “Little Lakes’? (Green pond and .White or Blue lake), about a mile east of Jamesville. Two small bodies of water, Green lake (2 miles west . of Jamesville) and Green pond (1 mile east of James- ville ) occupy the plunge basins of waterfalls along the Course of the extinct postglacial rivers, the beds and 8orges of which form such a conspicuous element of the local geology. It is probable that Rafinesque visited one Sires ele _ Volume 24, No. 1, of the Journat, pages 1-32, plate 1, was issued March 20, 1934; volume 24, no. 2, pages 33-64, plates 2 and 3, was issued July 3, 1934. 65 66 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL of these small lakes in 1826 (Life of Travels, p. 82) when, in company with Prof. Eaton, he speaks of visit- ing several localities in central and western New York, and ‘‘a small singular nameless lake, an extinct voleano erater, without outlet.’’ He says that he had full time to collect and carry numerous specimens, but unfor- tunately lost most of them afterwards. ‘‘Unfortunate”’ seems to be the best English name for Rafinesque’s American Nemesis. It was indeed unfortunate that if he did visit one of these lakes, as seems probable, he should have associated more or less stratified Devonian limestone formations with voleanic phenomena, curiously — so in view of his familiarity with the voleano of Etna, and his rather remarkable observations upon strati- graphy made a few years earlier. Probably neither botanist nor geologist has ever Vis- - ited this remarkable locality without feeling deeply im- pressed with the evidences of the rugged forces of nature which have so deeply engraved their power upon the visible landscape. Especially does the botanist, as he explores the rock strewn ‘‘pot holes’? and gorges feel that he has been transplanted suddenly to something akin to a different world. It is not strange therefore, that the botanical literature covering this section of the state should contain many references to the vegetation and especially the ferns of these cool, densely shaded, _rock-strewn gashes in the earth’s crust. For our most complete knowledge regarding the fern flora of this re- gion we are indebted to Dr. L. M. Underwood, at one time professor of biology at Syracuse University (Fern Bul- letin 5: 54-55, 1897), but we should not overlook the many other contributions to the knowledge of the flora of these lakes and their vicinity made by Mrs. 8S. M. Rust, H. E. Ransier, Mrs. L. L. H. Goodrich, Dr. Wil- liam R. Maxon, Dr. Loren C. Petry and Miss Mabel RB. Hunter. \ MERICAN Fern JouRNAL VOLUME 24, PuaTE 4 _ ~ ak 3 24 elo pe * ~~ ot : - t:,! "4 os ; e (Courtesy of a rey Botanic Garden.) GREEN LAKE AS IT USED 68 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Several years ago the region around Green lake west of Jamesville was acquired as a State Park under the custody of the New York State Museum, thus preserving - for all time its geological features. The jurisdiction of this area, known as the Clark Reservation, has since passed into the hands of the New York State Park Board. It was hoped that its natural vegetation might also be preserved, including the Hart’s-tongue fern which was found in several places within the tract, but it soon became apparent that the public at large, certainly many of those who frequented the park for recreational pur poses, had little conception of the value and importance of the conservation and preservation of those elements of wild life, both plant and animal, which form such an ~ important element of beauty of the great out-of-doors, and without which such areas soon lose their recreational value to the many who place a somewhat higher value upon natural beauty than upon the number of beer and ice cream stands. It is not, however, a hopeless cause, and there is every reason to believe that with adequate protection this reservation may become the safe abiding place of the many rare plants which are native to the region. Botanists in general and fern students especially were not a little grieved to learn some years ago that the much larger area east of Jamesville, including Greet pond, White lake and the long rough and irregular escarpment extending eastward nearly to Manlius, had passed into the hands of the Solvay Process Company, whose intention it was to convert this great deposit of limestone into commercial products. The commercial de- mands for easily available deposits such as these are undeniable, but it will always be a matter of great regret that it had to be this particular area which was invaded. Green pond and the long escarpment, as well as most of its forest cover, are now but a memory. uy dO SOIVL NO Miao ANYUOd LI Sv “WOAMANadO'T0% Isuvy ‘H “H Aq t , eg ¥ % Ake Pa my wa ” 70 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL During 1924 and 1925 through the interest of many fern students a movement was finally crystallized by Dr. J. B. Todd, of Syracuse, for transplanting the Hart’s- tongue fern from the path of the quarrying operations to safer quarters in the Clark Reservation and elsewhere. This had the sanction of the vice-president of the Solvay Company, which was about all the interest shown by them in the matter. ; It is not the purpose of this account to dwell in detail on what is doubtless one of the most ambitious attempts ever made to save from destruction a rare plant. It is sufficient to say that Dr. Todd, with the assistance of Miss Nettie M. Sadler, professor of biology in the Not- tingham High School, Syracuse, and Miss Mary E. Todd, in charge of the department of science.in the New York Publie Library, removed and planted elsewhere 4 total of nearly 700 plants of the Hart’s-tongue fer; with what labor and physical difficulties the reader. is left to imagine. _ Most of these plants are doing well in their new homes, some of them remarkably so. A few have suffered from heavy rains and other unfortunate or unforeseen circumstances and conditions. Consider- ing the difficulties of getting the plants out and trans planting them to their new locations the percentage of survivals is truly remarkable. Only those who have attempted to explore the haunts of the Hart’s-tongué fern in this region can appreciate what the enterprise involved. Fern students above all, and all those in any Way interested in the conservation and preservation of rare forms of wild life, owe to these three individuals, and others who may have assisted them, a debt of gratitude for which there is no visible remuneration. Our sinceré thanks and their knowledge that without thought of any reward they have laboriously accomplished something SAVING THE SCOLOPENDRIUM F'ERN TL really worth while will constitute their chief compensa- tion. An interesting and valuable contribution to this work of salvage was made by Mr. H. E. Ransier, of Manlius, N. Y., who gathered up the stray plants left behind by the first party and, locating other clumps in the path of the quarrying operations, distributed live plants to fern lovers all over the country who would undertake to set them out in suitable surroundings. In this way the fern has been distributed far and wide under cireumstances which do not affect the existence of the species, since the Plants thus distributed would otherwise have been de- Stroyed, and the fern may find in many other localities a favorable place for its growth and increase. The threatened destruction of the fern also stimulated €xperiments upon its propagation by Dr. Ralph C. Bene- dict at the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, where it has been Successfully grown from spores, and the mature plants t us produced may become available for further plant- ing under suitable surroundings. Shaded, cool, moist limestone talus, preferably with a north or east expo- Sure, offers the most desirable situations, and it is to be hoped that efforts will be continued to place the fern in Many such situations which exist throughout the north- fast. That the fern will succeed under even less suitable Conditions is well known and there is good reason to hope that the Hart ’s-tongue may become naturalized in many Places, At Chittenango Falls, where the plant is also native Many of the best clumps were destroyed by the manage- ment of the State Park Board in charge by the construc- Hon of a graded path along the side of the cliff and talus Where the fern grows. To what extent this may why the fate of the fern in this locality is not yet cer- in, New York Stare Museum, AuBAny, N. Y. 72 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL New Tropical American Ferns--XIP Wiuuram R. Maxon The present instalment contains descriptions of two new species from Colombia and Panama. The Asplen- ium, though belonging to a group of species that are difficult to describe at all briefly, is actually well marked and has been repeatedly collected. The Oleandra is known from a single recent collection. Asplenium membranifolium Maxon, sp. nov. tibus tenuibus viridescentibus vel pallide brunneis an- guste marginatis quam laminis multo brevioribus; laminae membranaceae, glabrae, ovato-oblongae vel trl angulari-ovatae, longissime acuminatae, 8-14 em. longae, pinnatae ; pinnae majores 3-6-jugae, patentes, plerumqué oppositae et trapezio-oblongae, apice acutae vel rotun- dato-obtusae (basales interdum obtuse deltoideae vel t latis; nervi mediani tenues, flexuosi, nervulis obliquis plerumque semel vel bis furcatis; sori distantes lineares, indusiis angustis membranaceis et fragilibus. Rhizome short-creeping, 1-2 cm., long, 15-3 mm. thick, nodulose, firmly carnose, brownish-felted, closely subfiliform, strongly clathrate, the cells linear, with heavy fuscous partition walls. Fronds 2 or 3, adjacent, laxly spreading, 10-18 em. long, the stipes much shorter than the blades, delicate, compressed, greenish or light brown and green-marginate, scantily paleaceous toward base ; blades ovate-oblong to deltoid-ovate, conspicuously long-acuminate, 8-14 em. long, 3-6 (8) em. broad, fully pinnate in lower half, the upper segments semiadnate 1 Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. ; ‘ NEw Tropica AMERICAN FERNS—XII 73 and decurrent, the uppermost short and broadly joined below the lobed or coarsely crenate-serrate attenuate apex; principal pinnae mostly opposite, spreading, broadly excavate at proximal base, thus inequilateral, ‘mostly trapeziform-oblong, acuminate to broadly rounded at apex, the basal ones slightly shorter or not, variable, ranging from obtusely deltoid or broadly sub- lunate to lance-trapeziform; margins singly or doubly crenate-serrate or sometimes lightly incised above, an auricular basal lobe rarely developed; veins 7 or 8 (10) Pairs, distant, the distal basal one subflabellately branched, the others mostly once-forked or the apical ones (especially on proximal side) simple, oblique; sori 6-8 ( pairs, medial, narrowly linear, 2-5 mm. long, nearly straight, the pale membranous indusium suben- tire, occasionally diplazioid. Leaf tissue very delicately membranous, fragile, light green, glabrous. type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 863,072, Collected near Chivi Chivi River, Juan Diaz region, about 10 miles east of Panama City, Panama, on moist bank of Stream, Oct. 11, 1917, by Ellsworth P. Killip (no. 2567). Other material examined is as follows: Panama: Juan Diaz, on wet banks, Killip 2597; Rio Técumen, Prov. Panama, in moist forest, Standley 29372 ; Rio Tapia, Prov. Panama, frequent in wet forest, Standley 26169; hills west of the Canal, near Gatin, anal Zone, common on wet shaded rocks, Standley 27218 ; Alhajuela, Prov. Panama, in woods, Killip 2670; without definite locality, Seemann 369. ‘ SLOMBIA: Torrecilla, near Turbaco, Dept. Bolivar, alt. 150-300 meters, on limestone rocks in dense woods, Killip & Smith 14658. Asplenium membranifolium is apparently not uncom- mon in the lowlands of Panama. The exact locality for the Seemann plant at Kew, marked by Hooker as a pro- Visional new Species, is not given, but most of the other anama specimens are from the region of Juan Diaz, at only a little above sea level. The single collection from 4 near-by part of Colombia is obviously identical. 74 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Some of these specimens were at first labeled A. obtusi- folium L., but the relationship is actually not so close as might be expected from their similarly felted, nodu- lose, subearnose rhizomes. In A. obtusifolium, not only, are the rhizome scales brown, deltoid-ovate, few, obscure, and confined to the growing point, but the fronds are numerous, the rachises coarse and flexuous, the pinnae variously lobed, with margins subentire to irregularly serrate or sharply erose-dentate, and the firm succulent, dark green leaf-tissue is strongly reticulate in drying. These points are all in marked contrast to A. membrani- folium. Oleandra Archeri Maxon, sp. nov. Rhizoma scandens ramosum, paleis laxe ciliatis cas- taneis subulatis adpressis late imbricatis vestitum. Folia pauea erecta, phyllopodiis elongatis inter se 34 cm. distantibus te ee quam laminis multo brevioribus; ” minae symme em. long, glabrous throughout ; phyllopodia slender, 6-15 mm. long, paleaceous at base; stipes 2-7 em. long, 1: mm. long, 1-2 mm. broad), subcoriaceous, broadly eartilagi2- ous-marginate; costa elevated, suleate and ochraceous above, beneath rounded, olivaceous, naked ; veins arising singly or in pairs (the proximal often forked), pli by transmitted light, the branches close, 22-27 per ¢™- New TropicaL AMERICAN FERNS—XII 75 near the margin; sori about 1 mm. in diameter, very humerous, irregularly disposed, singly, in groups, or in Short rows; indusia orbicular-reniform, glabrous, thin, shriveling, subpersistent. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,540,083, collected between La Oveja and Quibdé, Intendencia del Choeé, Colombia, on tree stump, April 1-2, 1931, by W. A. Archer (no. 1669). The present plant is not very closely allied to any of the American species discussed in the writer’s revision of this group.2 It seems more nearly related to 0. Duwidae A. C. Smith,’ from Venezuela, but that is a much larger plant, with rhizome scales up to 0.8 mm. broad, blades long-acuminate at apex (rather than abruptly acuminate and narrowly long-caudate), and veinlets only 13 to 16 per centimeter. Wasuineron, D. C. —_—_ Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 17: 392-398. 1914. * Bull. Torrey Club 58: 301. 1931. ; 76 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Success with Ferns Dr. M. R. SHARPE Someone has said, ‘‘Everyone should have a hobby even if it is collecting pieces of string.’? My wild flower search brought me in contact with the ferns some ten or more years ago and with the moving of wildings to my small place, I began taking attractive ferns as I came across them. Following a near completion of the more unusual and rare wild flowers, I turned my efforts toward a fern collection and for over five years have been adding to my collection through personal search and ex- change until I have had about 90 varieties. Some of these I have been unable to grow successfully through our New England winters, particularly those from below the Mason and Dixon line and from the lower part of California. Going into the past winter season MY garden contained over 70 varieties and I am now wonder- ing how many will be missing during the coming season to survive the extreme low temperatures over a pYro- tracted period of the hardest winter we have had since records have been kept. In gathering these ferns together from the northern part of our country, only one variety has been purchased, all others not native to this section being obtained through exchange or by gift from people acquainted with my hobby. I know that I have written several hundreds of letters in making contact with fern lovers and am still looking in magazines for new chances for exchange aS I am a pure amateur and have nothing to sell. Many of these letters fell on barren ground and resulted in no a¢ cessions to my éollection, while others brought me 4 single specimen or several new ones that I needed. OD the whole I have found people very kind and gracious 2 SUCCESS WITH FERNS 47% the matter as a free-masonry exists among fern and flower lovers which I doubt exists among other collectors. Unfortunately I know little of botany but have studied all available books and descriptions of families and indi- viduals. However, words in cold type fail to differen- tiate between closely allied ferns and I pay my respects to Mr. C. A. Weatherby for his kindness in identifying a goodly number for me. Suggestions in print and by word of mouth as to the proper time and method for taking ferns from their native haunts, I have found of little benefit. From my experience they can be taken at any season they can be dug, provided that due care is taken in lifting them and cutting back severely the season’s growth, except in early pring. Making a practice of taking half a pail or more of the soil in which the plant grows and simulating as near as possible native conditions, means the difference between success and failure. Such transplants should be well watered for a week or ten days, depending upon Weather conditions. ; Perhaps the members of the grape-fern family are the Most difficult for me to grow but I have found that most of these if taken with a good cirele of sod, cut deep enough to protect the fleshy roots, will thrive nicely if Planted in sod. The matricary and lance-leaved grow well in semi-shade in a soil mainly of leaf mould which needs constant watching to provide a good moisture con- tent. Iam not sure but that a goodly part of my success Js due to plenty of moisture supplied nearly every night during the hot weather months by a fine spray from the 8arden hose. Polypodium polypodioides lived through two Winters with me before I lost it but shall try It again this season if I ean obtain it. Ferns that are not native here are planted in a rockery of native field stones built on an ash pile and which is 78 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL shaded the greater part of the day by an old apple tree and my house. The pockets between the rocks are well filled with wood soil which I think must be of an acid nature as I have dug it all from one spot under pine trees. However, in making my exchanges I ask that a goodly amount of soil in which the plant grew, be sent along with it. This adds somewhat to my postage ac- count but usually assures the life of the fern in its new home. In such an article in the valuable JouRNAL, of course it is impossible to go into much detail relative to the treatment of any particular variety but I would be very glad to give any possible information to any of the read- ers interested. I have experimented with several meth- ods in my attempts to grow the Hart’s tongue from spores, thus far without success. Kind friends have of- fered further suggestions which I shall attempt next sea- son. The Walking fern may be readily increased by put- ting the tips of the fronds in small pots filled with sphagnum, which must be kept moist. Fortunately I have a dry wall with an easterly ex- posure where rock, Christmas and ferns of the evergreen type give a pleasing view during the cold weather months. Another pleasing effect is obtained by several half-barrel bogs where the Adder’s tongue appear Per- . fectly happy with a number of native orchids, Pitcher plants and Cardinal flower. By this means I can grow a number of bog plants not aca found in a home garden. On a number of occasions I have been asked to give @ ‘‘Fern Talk,’ during which I show about thirty live ferns packed in sphagnum and covered with oiled paper: These are properly labelled with common names and are handed through the audience. Through such talks I have interested a number of persons sufficiently so that they — Notes oN OnTARIO PTERIDOPHYTES 79 too are making a fern garden. The frequent remark dur- ing such talks is, ‘‘I thought a fern was a fern. I had no idea there were so many kinds.’’ ; Uxsringe, Mass. Notes on Some Ontario Pteridophytes T. M. C. Taytor During the past few years some interesting records of Ontario pteridophytes have come to the writer’s atten- tion, and as the distribution of the pteridophyte flora of Ontario is very imperfectly known some of the more in- teresting of these new stations are here placed on record. With a view to bringing up to date our knowledge of the vascular eryptogams of this province the writer would welcome information from any botanists who have col- lected in this region and would be glad to reciprocate in the exchange of specimens. Information concerning the eastern part of northern Ontario would be especially wel- come The following records are based on specimens in the herbarium of the Department of Botany, University of Toronto, unless the numbers be otherwise designated. ASPLENIUM CRYPTOLEPIS Fernald. The first record of this fern in Ontario was published by Burgess (1892) Who reported its discovery on Flower Pot Island, not far from Tobermory, Bruce Co., Ont., by P. J. Scott, of Southampton, Ontario, on Sept. 6, 1892. (Geol. Surv. Can. No. 105,577). In August, 1901, Dr. Scott also found it ‘‘on rocks, north end of Manitoulin Island’’ (Geol. Surv. Can. No. 66,415). Up until 1933 no new Stations in Ontario have been added as far as the writer is aware, nor does there appear to be any published rec- 80 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL ord of its re-collection on Manitoulin Island. Curiously enough last summer it was discovered on the mainland of the Peninsula quite independently by Prof. G. L. Steb- bins, Jr., and the present writer. Prof. Stebbins has kindly permitted use to be made of information, con- tained in a letter to the writer, concerning his discovery. His first collection was on June 20th at a point a few miles north of the little village of Dyer’s Bay, just beyond the outlet to Gillies’ Lake. His second was on June 2oth in the vicinity of Lion’s Head (Jenkins & Stebbins No. 5). My own collection was made less than a mile north of Dyer’s Bay (Univ. of Tor. No. 6132) on August 24th. A large number of plants were noted, always growing in dry, horizontal crevices in large blocks of dolomite that had fallen from the cliff. It is interesting to note that they were found only on the sunny sides of the blocks, being usually in full sun for a good portion of the day. As there was nothing very peculiar about these sites it is more than likely that this odd little fern may be locally distributed for some distance along the east coast of the Peninsula. ASPLENIUM PLATYNEURON (Li.) Oakes. This character- istically southern fern has previously been reported from Ontario by Klugh (1906) in the counties of Frontena¢, Hastings, Leeds, Lincoln, Prince Edward and Welland. In the late autumn of 1931 the writer collected several specimens in Matchedash Township, Simcoe Co. (Univ. of Tor. No. 13). and last autumn was shown a specimen obtained at Gravenhurst, Muskoka District, where it is said to be locally fairly common. Its most northerly sta- tion in Ontario at the present time is at Port Sidney, Muskoka District, where a small colony was located by Mr. H. H. Brown, of Toronto. These three stations are all on the Laurentian shield, the plants growing in s0 NoTes ON ONTARIO PTERIDOPHYTES 81 in the open, usually in fairly close association with an exposure of rock. LyYcopopiIuM SABINAEFOLIUM var. SITCHENSE (Rupr. ) Fernald. Many years ago the late Prof. John Macoun in his Catalogue of Canadian Plants reported this species from the Magpie River, Algoma District. This report has since been quoted by Klugh (1906) and Jennings (1918) in his comprehensive discussion of the pteri- dophytes of northwestern Ontario makes reference to it. So far as the writer is aware there have been no more re- cent published reports from northern Ontario, nor in fact rom anywhere in Ontario. It is of some interest, there- fore, to note that in a small collection of pteridophytes presented to the University of Toronto by Dr. R. F. Cain JS a good specimen of the above species (Univ. of Tor. No. 6356) collected ‘‘in coniferous woods’? at White River, Aleoma District, in September, 1926. This is in the same general region as reported by Macoun, but gives a definite and readily accessible location, about five min- utes’ walk from White River station on the Canadian Pacifie Railway. PHYLLITIS SCOLOPENDRIUM (L.) Newm. Twenty-five years ago J. F. Calvert (1908) published a short note on the discovery of this fern in Dufferin Co., near the village of Mono Centre. This note came to the writer’s attention quite by accident in 1932 when searching for another Paper. As the station was described in some detail with reference to lot and concession numbers a small party set out to see whether after twenty odd years the colony was still thriving. This expedition, due to local misdirection, Proved fruitless and the search was not renewed that year. In the early autumn of 1933 Mr. Paul Hahn, of Torénto, mentioned casually that he had known for many years of the Hart’s Tongue station at Mono Centre and aS a matter of fact had been there only a week or so pre- 82 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL viously. His kind offer to act as guide was accepted with alacrity, with the result that the station was found with- out any difficulty. Instead of the half dozen plants men- tioned by Mr. Calvert, they were present literally by the hundred, growing, as always in Ontario, in the damp, shady talus of the Niagara escarpment. There is no doubt that this colony has increased greatly in numbers during the past two decades and the presence of numer- ous young plants indicates that it will continue to in- erease in the future unless it falls a prey to vandals. This chance fortunately seems remote as the station 1s well removed from the ordinary paths of tourist and pic- nicker. PotysticuuM Braun var. Pursuit Fernald. In June, 1932, while collecting in wet mixed woods near Nestleton Station, Durham County, the writer was greatly delighted to find a single healthy specimen of this species growing in complete shade in a fairly damp part of the woods (Univ. of Tor. No. 619). A careful search revealed no other individuals near-by, nor has it appar- ently been recorded previously from this part of the prov- ince. Mr. C. A. Weatherby kindly supplied the follow- ing information by letter: ‘‘I find no published record of it from that province (Ontario), but we (Gray Her- barium) have a single specimen collected on ‘rich wooded bank near Agawa River, Agawa Bay, Algoma District, Ontario, 21 June, 1921,’ by A. S. Pease, No. 17,964.”’ These two stations are widely separated from each other and also from other stations. The nearest published rec- ord to the Agawa River station is Keweenaw Co., Michi- gan, where it was collected by O. A. Farwell (Dodge, 1912). The Durham Co. station indicates a western eX- tension of some 160 miles from Chelsea, Que., where it has been collected several times. A careful search will probably fill in the gap between these two stations. ‘Notes on OnvTARIO PTERIDOPHYTES 83 Woopwarpia vireinica (L.) Sm. - During the summer of 1933, Mr. P. V. Krotkov, of the Department of Botany, University of Toronto, while collecting in the vicinity of Tobermory, Bruce Co., discovered several colonies of chain fern in an old, practically dry blueberry swamp near the main road within about two miles of the village of Tobermory. This is the first record from Bruce Co. and marks a decided northwesterly extension of its range in Ontario. The plants (Univ. of Tor. Nos. 6304, 6122), which were all growing in full sun, were for the most part yellowed and impoverished, due no doubt to lack of Shade and moisture. Colorimetric determination of the Soil acidity made in the field showed a reaction of pH 5-5.0. The future prospects of this outlying station are not of the best as the drying up of the swamp makes Possible the spread of ground fires which are apparently Started nearly every summer through the carelessness of local blueberry pickers. During the past year fires were Smouldering from early in the summer until well on into eptember. Bierao ting CITED 1892. ote T. J. W.: A fern new to Canada. Ott. Nat. 6: 1906. oes A. B.: The fern-flora of Ontario. Fern Bull. 14: 65-7 74. 1908, Calvert, J. ds Hart’s Tongue fern. Ontario Nat. Sci. Bull. 4: 1912, Dodge, C. os The fern flora of Michigan. Fern Bull. 20: 1918. J ennings, O. E.: An annotated list of the Pteridophytes of Northwestern Ontario. Am. Fern Jour. 8: 38-50, 76-88. DEPARTMENT or BorTaNy. UNIVERSITY oF ToRONTO 84 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL A Vermont Fern Garden E. M. KirtreDGE The fern garden belonging to Mrs. Chisholm, of Proctor, Vermont, is of great interest to me because I was allowed to share in it, and a brief description of some of its main features may be of interest to others. The lawn on the eastern side of the house slopes rather abruptly toward a grove of young White Pines, and between the lawn and the edge of the grove a narrow concrete runway was constructed several years ago hav- ing connection with the water main, so that when a cleverly concealed cock is opened a very nice little brook ripples gaily along and under a rustic bridge, where it loses itself in a small pool. Many plants of the more common of the native ferns are planted along both sides of this brook, with a goodly sprinkling of Violets and Forget-me-nots, and a few early blooming “arden” plants which later are hidden by the growth of ferns. On the grove side of the brook and near the bridge, many stones carefully selected and brought in from a distance in many trips of the accommodating Ford were arranged by Mrs. Chisholm and much good and proper earth was pressed into every crack and cranny. Here many of the rock-loving species found in this state were tenderly set, and, more to the point, here they grow in great con- tentment. Walking Fern, Wall Rue and Maidenhair Spleenwort peep out from small crevices, Ebony Spleen- wort stands with dignity at the base, and several plants of unusual forms, as well as the common form, of the Polypody crown the top of this ‘‘crag’’—all these on the sunny side. On the other side of the crag, which 3s always in the shade, more of these plants also grow, and associated with them are the rare variety of the Ebony Spleenwort, Hortonae, a fine plant of Scott’s Spleenwort, A VerRMoNT FERN GARDEN 85 a plant of the Green Spleenwort, and the variety cam- bricoides of the Polypody. An error of judgment caused us to place the plant which has since been determined to be a variety of the Marginal Fern, among the Poly- podies on the top of the crag, and now we are afraid to move it lest it die. Just inside the edge of the Pine grove are many plants of Christmas Ferns all brought in from the nearby hills, and all differing in one way or another from the common form and from each other, among them being a fine plant of the variety lanceola- tum, and one of the variety multifidum, and at least two others which may receive varietal names some time. Broad Beech, Long Beech and the delicate Oak Ferns all grow here, and there are plants of Goldie’s Shield Fern, Massachusetts Fern (sent from Rhode Island), Spinulose Fern and its intermediate and widespreading Varieties, Lady Ferns in great variety, including one which we have named the ‘‘skeleton’’ because of its wraith-like fronds, Silvery Spleenwort, with two forms, one crested and one with a red rachis, and a much curled and crisped form of the Sensitive Fern. At one end of the bridge a plant of the lovely Climbing Fern sent by a friend from another state, makes a brave showing, and Some interesting forms of both Male and Marsh Ferns— of the latter the variety Pufferae is conspicuous—sent from various places make themselves at home. Beyond the bridge the Narrow-leaved Spleenwort, Male Fern, Crested and Clinton’s Shield Ferns and the Net-veined Chain Fern—this from Rhode Island—share the shade with some rare flowering plants. The Virginia Chain Fern, brought in from one of the three known stations in Vermont, did not live. Some of the Shining Club Moss was brought from its home in the deep woods, and is living comfortably with some Gold-thread plants. Several ‘‘pieces’’ of true Mosses have been brought in 86 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL from time to time, and placed where they would look well, and help to cover some gap until the ferns should be well grown, and strange to say a few of them have found the new resting place a pleasant home. No trip to the woods, nearby, or at a distance, for a picnic or just a stroll, is made without thought for the fern gar- den, and some very beautiful plants of the most common species have thus been brought in to add beauty and grace, while several of the excursions have resulted in finding some of the rarest and most unusual forms and varieties known. Woopstock, VERMONT Moret FErN-GARDEN . Lists 87 More Fern-Garden Lists Six more fern-garden lists have been received and are here printed for the information and encouragement of other members. It is hoped that more—many more —will follow, so that the census of hardy ferns in culti- vation which is the object aimed at in asking for these lists, may be as complete as possible. As an aid to reconciling the rather different nomenclature of the lists, it may be remarked that, so far as the species here given are concerned, Aspidium, Dryopteris and Thelypteris are the same thing. So are Dicksonia and Dennstaedtia. We have 85 species and varieties of fern according to the following list, all of which have been established for at least two years. The plants of many of the varieties Were bought, while spores of others were purchased in England The nomenclature has been checked against ‘‘Hortus’’ insofar as possible, the other names being those given by the English distributor. Adiantum pedatu —— hybrid apil ant smithii Asplenivm trichoma: spicant serratum mienernesti spicant fosteri spica Athyrium acrostichoid NSU excep pac (a4 He “a dissectum ve flia-femina ee filix-femina michauxi filiz-femina per re t wi capitatum eleganii filiz- a — sum Mies Wie Femina putckaree mum Botrychivm eres irginianum amptosorus , rhicophylius Cheilanthes alabamensis lanosa Cyrtomium rochfordianum Cytopiers Acs ope ra Die. a punctil oBale Dryopteris oes winigig es cristata clintoniana filiz- filiz-mas grandiceps drueryt 88 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Dryopteris filix-mas polydactylon cousenii . goldiana ef hexagonoptera oF innaeana ed marginalis < cota pian ce Oo =a phens pte a pse eudo- -mas E pinaoni ce nulos Osa cf spine dilatata he spinulosa dilatata Sear : PGs tah nb viridescen odium palmatum Onoclea sensibilis Ophioglossum vulgatum cinn ed regalis gracilis Pellaea atropurpurea Phyllitis scolopendrium plu Pteretis nodulos: Phyllitis nice crispa endrium grandi- cops Polypodium vulgar Polystichum acrostichoides tum +f aculeatum foliosum es aculeatum divisi- hg douleaiuek divisi- lobum moly _ yas aculeatum grandi itum stra hioptri U Woodwardia areolata , ce ; ee virginica Laura L. Barnes, Barnes Foundation, Merion, Pa. Polypodium vulgare Phegopteris polawodioties exagonoptera Dryopteris Adiantum iad Pteris aquilin Woodwardia cretion areolata Asplenium Posy tg sine sei -femina Poiperiebas ‘tordetichotdes Osmunda pe — Goldianum cristatum | and hybrids spinulosum, ee ‘intermedium Boo Cystopteris bulbifera Woodsia PR td ag obtusa Dicksonia punctilobula Onoclea sensibilis ruthiopteris alis Botrychium "ob liquu ica nape FRANK H. Spracug, Wollaston, Mass. I started my fern garden in 1911. Previous to that year, however, I had a few specimens growing at scat- tered places in the yard. Most of the ferns were planted during 1911 and 1912, at any time from May to Septem- ber, with practically no fatalities. My experiences with More FERN-GARDEN Lists 89 this fern garden were printed in some detail in the AMERICAN FERN Journay of 1917, nos. 3 and 4, and 1918, no. 1. For some years interesting hours were spent in taking notes on the time of growth in Spring, the time of fruiting, the color of the sporangia, the be- havior of individual species in their new environment, evergreen tendencies, and other characteristics. New species were planted when found and a few were bought from nurseries. Gradually my profession began to demand so much of my attention that there was less and less time to devote to my fern garden and very little could be done beyond keeping the garden free from weeds and other undesirable growth. Life in the fern garden then prac- tically resolved itself into a record of the survival of Species. And there were some unexpected results. The ferns of low grounds, for example, took kindly to the soil of my fern garden, with only the ordinary amount of moisture, and the cinnamon fern, royal fern, and marsh fern are still thriving after more than 20 years. The bulb-bearing bladder fern, so delicate in appearance, became a veritable weed for a few years, then it suddenly began to dwindle in numbers as if dis- gusted with its forwardness. The sturdy marginal Shield fern failed to survive as long as a number of other Species. The ebony spleenwort, apparently a vigorous stower, lived only a few years. The red-stiped lady fern apparently is endowed with more vigor and greater longevity than the type and other varieties of this spe- cies. The boulder fern, of drier habitats, refused to adapt itself to the new locality to which I had trans- Planted it. Other observations might be noted, but I do not feel justified in taking up the space required. The following is a list of ferns and allies, all of which 90 AMERICAN FERN . JOURNAL were growing in my fern garden at the same time but with greater or less periods of existence: ae PS © So) Ol im te bo Pt et ee bs oa STG? Sue oe NNN re po FS {© 90: He Go GO Go Go GO Ge Go Go to Ww DD bo bo bo pe BSP EE FRED ERS ORME and 35. All of the others have disappeared. Osmunda cinnamome Osmunda i dete ana Os munda r oe Nc Meta dissectum Pteris aqui Polystichum acrostichoides Polystichum acrostichoides var. crispum Polystichum acrostic choi ides var. incisum . a = . Aspidiu pinul intermedium a dike As spidium yoteoteess dilatatum . Athyriw : dig thelyptero 5 i ic vulgare opteris hexagonoptera ‘ en neum . Athyrium fiiliz-foemina rium filix-foemina, red-stiped variety m filia cdatanceyss — with wider fronds Phe Fi glia bulbifera . Struthiopteris scott . Scolopendrium vulgare Ophioglossum vulgatum 4 foo dium obscurum Lycopodium lucidulum Of these, only numbers 1,2, 3, 7, 10, 13, 21, 25, 33, and 36 are at the present time in a flourishing or fairly good condition. A-few fronds still appear of numbers 24, 30, Several More FEern-GarpEn Lists 91 other species found in this locality were not planted in the fern garden —C. L. Gruser, Kutztown, Pa. 1 Ophioglossum vulgatum 32 Woodwardia radicans m4 Botrychiu um obliquum 33 Cheilanthes a 3 a dissectum 4 ternatum var. in- 35 Struthiopteris ger 1m 36 Casi ptabsrus ricophittas 5 Beihai matricariae 37 Scolopendrium v 6 len ceolatum 38 Lygodium palma re fi Tv irginianum 39 Lomaria spicant 8 Adlans um olatan 40 Woodsia ilvenis 9 Gua. sensibilis 41 ah obtusa 27 Pteris aquilina 42 “ cathcartiana 12 Pellaea atropurpurea 43 Polystichum acrostichoides achyptera 44 Nee ig var a Osmunda cinnamomea incisum var. with 45 Polystichum Braunii 15 oO 4 nchitis emunda ‘laytoniana 47 Aspidium fragrans regal 48 : " teris graci 49 : ane oracense is Atnyriom Ae fem, upland 50 % pesnietn og 35 a and 51 spl ta argina ale iy 52 a x cristatum 21 4 se istatum 39 thyrium’t Phcionteresen 54 a spinulosum a2 var. 55 = x eristatum 56 ‘ jiliz-mas a P olypodium vulgare 57 “ nevadense , California 58 bs Goldieanum 25 (unknown) 59 = cristatum Clintonia- Phegopteris polypodioides — agonoptera 60 Asplenium Hocasomggieea 2s 61 ebenew Cystopteris pin dad 62 i augustifotium 4 bulbifera 63 _ : Woodwardia viegintos 64 Pellaea andromedaefolia : augustifolia icksonia ae Seven more ferns Glcen the West Const $ yet uniden M. R. SHarpPeE, Webeadge, Mass. When the Fern Journau first made the request for a census of fern gardens, I was somewhat timid about ““fern garden.’’ With the advent of garden clubs and the prolific garden magazine, I have taken to calling the bit of ground behind my house the back yard. By no charitable locution could it be called a fern garden. es, I have ferns in it, but in a sort of hotchpotch defying all laws of order and proportion. They grow where they survive. I did try a bit of excavating and elevating to suggest a touch of non-conformity. This disturbance of the soil was not very successful. I am hoping that in a few seasons nature will correct my error. She has a way of asserting her independence. 92 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Below is the list. From thirty-five species there has been only one ‘‘casualty’’—the walking fern (Campto- sorus rhizophyllus). Polypodium uh demegganes Thelypteris marginalis Adiantum pedatum a goldiana Pellaea atropurpurea oo Seeing Woodwardia virginica cae pte ulos a areolata re actin Aspleniwm tichomane Cc a! se fragilis pla ron W oodsia obtus Athyrium angustifotium Dennstaedtia ‘mettiocals ostichoides Onoclea sensibilis vee rs rat stum Pteretis ulosa Polystichum po enowee Lygodium palmatum bra Osmunda regali. Thelypteris palustris ie claytontana mulat fs ein omea abr Sis Botrychtum ebtiquam y hexagonoptera dissectum Y dryopteris th ck ae riper W. L. Dix, Trenton, N. d. Shorter Notes AMERICAN BrackEN on Limestone.—Usually when the American bracken, Pteridium latiusculum (Desv.) Hieron., grows in limestone regions, its rootstocks are found to be imbedded in a layer of surface soil from which the lime has been leached and the reaction has become acid. Exceptions to this rule may occur, how- ever, just as in the case of the European plant, discussed on page 49 in No. 2 of this Journat. On the occasion of the June, 1934, trip of the Botanical Society of America to the Bruce peninsula, Ontario, Canada, the American bracken was found at numerous localities with its rootstocks in direct contact with the limestone rock which outcrops so extensively there. Tests with indica- tors showed the reaction of the adherent soil to range SHORTER NOTES 93 from neutral to low subalkaline, active alkalinity zero to 10 (pH 7 to 8).—Epaar T. WHerrRy, University of Pennsylvania. SHAKESPEARE ON FERN SEED.—I have just read in the AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL the interesting article on Folk-lore of ferns. Would it be of interest to add to those notes a reference by Shakespeare, King Henry IV, Act II? Gadshill: ‘‘We steal as in a castle, cocksure ; we have the receipt of fern-seed, we walk invisible.’’ Chamberlain: ‘‘Nay, I think rather you are more be- holden to the night than to fern-seed, for your walking invisible.’’—Artuur Hompersuey, Port-of-Spain, Trini- ad. Trip To Sparta, N. J ., JULY 15, 1934.—-Five members of the American Fern Society took part in the trip of the Torrey Botanical Club to Sparta, announced in this JournaL, No. 2, p. 62. The region proved a most inter- esting one, and Professor Edwards was able to show us no less than 40 different ferns and fern allies within a radius of 2 miles from Sparta. The more notable in- cluded: Ophioglossum vulgatum, Pteretis nodulosa (Ostrich-fern), Cystopteris bulbifera, Dryopteris gold- tana, Dryopteris phegopteris, Dryopteris linnaeana (Oak; fern), Woodwardia virginica, Asplenium cryptolepis (Wall-rue), x Asplenium ebenoides, and hybrids of Dry- opteris cristata with several other species—E. T. W. ANNOUNCEMENT oF DeceMBER Meetina.—The Ameri- can Association for Advancement of Science and affili- ated societies meet this year in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the last week in December. The American Fern Society will hold a meeting for the reading of papers on Satur- 94 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL day afternoon, December 29th. All members are invited to attend and to present papers, the titles of which should be sent to the Secretary as soon as possible so as to be included in the printed program. It is planned to give special attention to the ferns of the regions where such meetings are held, and accordingly this time there will be a symposium on the ferns of Pennsylvania and their — distribution. Contributions to this symposium are ex- pected from Edw. H. Graham, Dr. E. M. Gress, Dr. O. E. Jennings, Arthur N. Leeds, and Edgar T. Wherry, and it is hoped that others will also take part. American Fern Society The following letter from one of our oldest and most valued members brought gratification to the officers of the Society and, we hope, will be of interest to other —- ... It is my usual practice to send my dues in Desmahes for the following year. This I did not do last year, for I had about concluded to close my membership, not that my interest in ferns is less, but California has made a law forbidding the collecting of ferns (and wild flowers and almost everything else) growing on public lands and roadsides, and on private ground unless you have the written permission of the owner, or unless you have a permit issued by the County Commission. This because the tourists would pull them by the roots and as soon as they wilted throw them away, and already some kinds that were plentiful are almost all gone. To those of us who only took what we used for our collec- tions, gardens and to exchange with other fern-lovers, it is a hardship (for of course we all cannot have permits) -. . . (I have been told that I would have no trouble get- AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY 95 ting a permit, as I have collected for the Biltmore Her- barium, and others, but have not been able to collect lately. ) But I concluded I liked to read the Fern JouRNAL and received letters sometimes, so would not give it up. And being a member would give me a list of the addresses of the members, so I could write to them. There is only one member living near me, Mr. F. M. Cota. Several from other states have made pleasant calls and I have enjoyed my long membership. (If I remember rightly I joined in 1897).’’—Miss Laura F. Krupa, National City, San Diego Co., California. I wonder if any of your members could send a few fronds of your American ferns with sori. I am trying my hand at raising ferns from spores, as I find the plants do not stand the carriage very well—Hwart G. Suiru, 147 High St., Christchurch, New Zealand. New members :-— Simpson, Robert, Boonton, New Jers Sprague, Frank H., 146 Summer St., Riikee, Mass. Change of address :-— Ewan, Joseph, 3000 Life Sciences Building, University of California, Berkeley, California ‘ The thanks of the Society are due to Dr. H. D. House for generously contributing the illustration which ap- Pears as plate 5 in this number of the JourNaL, and to the Brooklyn Botanie Garden for the loan of the block for plate 4. 96 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Tue Soctety’s Frnances.—In view of the state in which the Society’s finances were left by the late trea- surer, as reported in the last number of the JouRNAL, it appears desirable that a brief statement of its present condition as to current funds should be made to the members. At the beginning of the year cash on hand amounted to $590.23, of which $500 had been borrowed. Receipts to date (Sept. 7) from all sources have amounted to $579.53, giving a total of $1169.75. Dis- bursements for all purposes, including payments of $114.25, principal and interest, on the loan, of all bills left unpaid by the late treasurer. and of bills for the JOURNAL, have been $989.91. This leaves $179.84 on hand. ‘With this and such small receipts as may con- fidently be expected during the remainder of the year, the Society will be able to pay for the two remaining issues of the JourRNAL and close the year with its books balanced, except for the loan. Arrangements for its continuance have been made. It should be borne in mind that the loan covered only bills actually incurred last year; it did not cover the Journau for Oct—Dee., 1933, which was held back until it could be ascertained in what state Mr. Underwood had left the Society and not issued until March, 1934. It has therefore been necessary to pay for five issues of the JourNnau out of this year’s income. Next year, with only the normal four issues billed, the going will be much easier. Meanwhile, members in arrears are again urged to pay their dues. THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB MEMBERSHIP Including Bulletin, Memoirs, and Torreya, $5.00 a year PUBLICATIONS Bulletin. Monthly, established 1870. Price, $4.00 a year; single numbers 40 cents. Of former rbomy w only 24-47 can be sup- plied separately. Manuscripts intended for publication in the BULLETIN should be sddvewsa to Tracy HE. Hazen, Editor, Barnard a Columbia U; eee New York City. monthly, established 1901. Price, $1.00 a year. oo. intended for vated fae in Torreva should be ad- opal to mGE T, Hastines, Editor, Robbins Place, Yonkers, Memoirs. Occasional, a 1889, Fie $3.00 a volume. Catalogue of Anthophyta and Pteridophyta within 100 miles of New York City, 1888. Price, $100. busin: ieations should be ad- Gressed to the Treasurer, Mra. Helen St. release, Box 42, Schermer- horn Hall, Columbia University, New York City. aac a alg .. basbgaares forests s germ apnea : ool Journal which anes ees See ee Teachers eve: Tywhere find help and information in every Departments, Science tacit’ Gent hee ence Notes, Problem Ss re vestigations, and Book Reviews. : BOOKS FOR THE BOTANIST Uaetat rants ot tbe Works Second nlaneed eation ofthisstand- — Erie, Sort Aer Spat etn, — a THE BRYOLOGIST PUBLISHED BY THE SULLIVANT MOSS SOCIETY The only magazine in English wholly devoted to cater Regi ree and Lichens: Bi-monthly; illustrated; for the for the peorendenn’. Yearly subscription in the ‘United "staten, — Twenty-five cents additional gives membership ages 8s SOCIETY. with free service of Curato: vos P Geis ie, ae “ROBERTS State Teachers’ College Fairmount, W. Va Ww. Va. BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN MEMO Volume I: 33 contributions by various authors on genetics, pathol- ogy, mycology, siology, ecology, plant geography, and systematic us postage. Volume II: The vegetation of Long Island. Part 1. The vegetation of Monta ‘ete. Pub. re ges Price, $1.00. Volume : The vegetation - Desert, Maine, and its environ- ment. By Barrington Moore and Norman Taylor. 151 pages, 27 text figures, vegetation map in colors. June 10, 1927. Price, $1.60. AMERICAN JOURNAL vedi BOTANY Devoted to All Branches of Established 1914. Monthly, except A eptember, Official Publication of the Botanical Society of Kmeriea, Subscriptions As a year for complete volumes (an. to Dec.). volumes & Mine cach, post fen Fortes ECOLOGY oicton tenon bcp ay: 3 Ae sbi need ss to Environment 7 armor (ian. A oa ee ee ers singlet number rate Single Established 1916. Bi-monthly. ption, year or for complete volumes (Jan. to Dec.). onthly. | Subscription, 1 azo fo Single numbers, $1.25 post free. Foreign postage: 50 gotten BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN, Brookiya, N.¥~ U8 A . October-December, 1934 No. 4 Priran Sern Journal A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO FERNS Published by the AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY Che American Hern Society Counril for 1934 OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR Ep¢ar T. WHEERY, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa- President Mrs. Cartorta C, Hain, Stanford University, Cal., Vice-President Mrs. Este Gisson WHITNEY, New York State Mu seum, Albany, ary Henry K. Svenson, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, N. Y. Treasurer OFFICIAL ORGAN Ampriran Siesidas Sourtal RALPa C. BENEDICT? ... ees Siac: Road, Brooklyn, N.Y. Bod, WENALOW oo .. Chesterfield ete Brattleboro, Vt. rR. MAxon ........ - Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. G. AY WEATHERBY Cambri ” Mass. An illustrated quarterly devoted to the general study pa ara recs sae $1.25 per year, foreign, 10 cents extra; to members of the AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY (qpnual aus, $1.50; life m ee. Extracted reprints, if aavieece be creates rs at cost. Tey ehould be ordered ea eee _ Volume I, six numbers, $2.00 Sens aariga 1.25 each. ‘single back numbers 35 cents each. Bh. Vol. I, no or ETE. 9ok. 2,3 and 4; and vol. IV, 1, cannot be | | except with hee Hemes, . T Soa oe cone tio should he addressed to T. C. Benedict at ; ‘or Brook - Botanic Garden, 1 1 ee : American Fern Journal Vou. 24 OCTOBER-DECEMBER, 1934 No. 4 Fern Field Notes, 1934 Epear T. WHerry* ADIANTUM TRICHOLEPIS.—Early in the year a trip was taken to Texas, primarily to study Phloxes, under the guidance of Miss Eula Whitehouse, of the State Uni- versity. On April 23rd the route led across Medina County, and in the valley of the Medina River below a large dam I noticed some moist limestone cliffs along a brook, and proceeded to spend a few minutes in fern- hunting. Several species well known in that region were present, notably Anemia mexicana, Cheilanthes dlabamensis, and Adiantum Capillus-veneris. The last received scant attention until I noticed that associated with it there were two or three plants of another mem- ber of the genus, having more rounded and hairy pin- nules. Although the locality lies east of the hundredth meridian, no such species was listed in Small’s Flora of the Southeastern States, nor in any other work on east- ern ferns at hand. On comparison with the specimens in the herbarium of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, it was finally found to be Adiantum tricholepis Fée. This Mexican fern, characterized by Eaton* as ‘‘the rarest of the North American species of Maidenhair,”’ 1 Contribution from the Botanical Laboratory and Morris Arbo- retum of the University of Pennsylvania. The field trips herein referred to were made possible by an award of funds from the Board of Graduate Education and Research. * Ferns of North America 2: 104, pl. 59. 1880. [Volume 24, No. 3 of the JouRNAL, pages 65-96, plates 4 and 5, Was issued Sept, 19, 1934.] 97 98 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL had been collected by Bigelow of the Mexican Boundary Survey party ‘‘near the mouth of the Rio Pecos in west- ern Texas,’’ and subsequently by Ferriss according to Clute® at the same place. Apparently, however, it has never been found elsewhere in the United States. Enough material was taken to make one herbarium sheet for the Philadelphia Academy, and extra fronds have been sent to the Gray and National Herbaria. Opportunity may here be taken to dispose of a sup- posed record of this species in California. Eaton (loc. cit.) stated that ‘‘A single specimen in the Herbarium at Kew is marked by Mr. Nuttall:—‘ Adiantum *dila- tatum, Nutt., Monterey, Cal.’ I cannot learn that any- - one has found it in California since his time, nor does the specimen accord perfectly with the type of the spe- cies.’’ (Hooker* had referred the specimen in question to. A. chilense G. K. B hirsutum.) Nuttall’s own specimen is in the herbarium of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and represents what was sub- sequently validly published as A. jordani C. Mueller, a well-known Californian plant. ASPLENIUM BRADLEYI—As a rule this fern is 8? sparsely represented at any one station that the collect- ing of enough to fill out a herbarium sheet would mean annihilation of the colony. Accordingly, I have long looked forward to visiting the mountains of Gaston County, North Carolina, where it occurs in some abun- dance. On June 12th there was an opportunity to do so. Leaving highway No. 74 at the east edge of the town of Kings Mountain, I drove southward on No. 219, which crosses the mountain of that name at Stepps Gap- On a spur about half a mile north of the gap some west facing cliffs were seen, at an altitude of 1000 to 1200 _ feet, and in their crevices numerous plants of this species "8 Fern Bull. 12: 44, 1904. 4 Species Filicum 2: 43. 1858. FERN Fievtp Norss, 1934 99 were growing. The only other rock fern observed, A. platyneuron, was actually much seareer here. The rock is a ferruginous sandstone, and the soil reaction, as in most other occurrences of A. bradleyi, is mediacid. A few miles to the southeast, across the line in York County, South Carolina, a small mountain could be seen Standing out from the piedmont plain, its name proving to be Henry Knob. The next day a visit was made to this, and a few plants of Asplenium bradleyi were found _ on the west-facing cliffs near its summit, also at 1000 to 1200 feet. This is apparently the second record of the Species from the state, and the first of typical material, for that from the station near Hartsville, Darlington County, is so aberrant as to deserve varietal, if not | Specific, separation. ASPLENIUM RESILIENS.—A still further extension of Tange can now be added to those reported last year.> On August 13th, accompanied by Mr. W. S. Lapp, I visited the limestone cliffs along the abandoned canal, about half a mile north of the highway bridge, 2% miles south- west of Sharpsburg, Washington County, Maryland. Several small colonies of this fern were soon discovered here, and interestingly enough it occurred near trees of Thuja occidentalis, a frequent associate further south. A new state can thus be added to the list for this fern, and its known eastern limit extended to longitude. 77° 48’ At numerous localities of this fern, from northwestern Florida to central Texas and to northern West Virginia, it has always been observed to occur on limestone. In western North Carolina it is also on that rock, but I have long been puzzled by its recorded occurrence at the : Falls of the Yadkin, in Stanly County, toward the mid- _ dle of this state, where no limestone is known to exist. While this loeality has now been stripped of native vege- °C tees fs * AMER. Fern JourN. 23: 112. 1933. 100 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL tation by the construction of a large dam and power plant, a visit and examination of fragments showed the schistose rock there to contain appreciable amounts of calcium carbonate. The presence of a calcicolous fern is therefore not so remarkable after all, although one can- not help marveling at the ability of its spores to travel more than a hundred miles from the next nearest colony, and find a small isolated outerop of calcareous schist. OPHIOGLOSSUM ENGELMANNI.—While the wide-spread deficiency of rainfall made this an unfavorable year to look for a plant which needs moisture to stimulate its growth, three counties have been added to the Virginia list. First it was found by Professor A. B. Massey about two miles east of Blacksburg, in Montgomery County. Then in June Mr. Lewis E. Anderson, a grad- uate student at the University of Pennsylvania, joined me in a search for it in the northern part of the Shenan- doah Valley. We extended its previously known range considerably to the east by finding it near a school 2 miles south-southwest of Nineveh, near the northeast corner of Warren County. Subsequently a few wither- ing plants were found along Highway No. 11 just east of Cedar Bluff Creek or Rocky Run, 2 miles north of Indianrock, in Botetourt County. A summary of the occurrence of this species in Virginia is to be published in the new mimeographed journal, Claytonia. PELLAEA GLABELLA.—On August 16th this often over- looked species was found on bare perpendicular lime- stone cliffs along the Potomac River 1 mile east ° Shepherdstown, Jefferson County, West Virginia. The following day it was collected in a similar situation on the opposite side of the river, along the old canal half a mile above the highway bridge, 23 miles southwest of Sharpsburg, Washington County, Maryland. Definite stations are thus established in two states, in which only vague reports of this fern had previously been made. FERN Frevp Notes, 1934 101 __ Woopsta scoputina.—In the interest of simplicity the name scopulina is here applied to both eastern and west- ern occurrences of this fern, leaving the question as to possible geographic segregation open. During the year visits have been paid to stations for it in Arkansas and in Ontario, a new one has been found in Virginia, and best of all, the colony on White Oak Mountain, Polk County, North Carolina, referred to last year as doubt- ful, has been rediscovered. The occurrence on Magazine Mountain, Logan County, Arkansas, discovered by E. J. Palmer® ten years ago, was visited in April, under the guidance of Professor D. M. Moore of the University of Arkansas. Nothing was observed to add to the excellent account of the locality given by Palmer, but some habitat photographs were taken, one of which is reproduced herewith as Plate 6, gure 2. A colony along the Cowpasture River in Alleghany County, Virginia, discovered by A. N. Leeds and re- ported in this journal’ two years ago represented at that time its northernmost known Appalachian station. In June of the present year it was found on the east bank of the same river about 5 miles further north; as this is in Bath County, it should be referred to the nearest named place within that county, and recorded as 10 miles southwest of Millboro Springs. Professor A. B. Massey of Blacksburg, Virginia, advises me that he has found it also in Craig County in that state, this consti- tuting the sixth known station there. “any years ago this Woodsia was collected in Algon- quin Park, Ontario, by Professor Frank Morris of Peter- borough, and in August of the present year I had the Privilege of visiting the locality under his guidance, ‘AMER. Fern Journ. 14: 39. 1924. ‘AMER. Fern Journ. 22: 84. 1932. PLATE 6 VOLUME 24, AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Se Fig. 2. se SASTERN COLONIES OF WOODSIA SCOPULINA: 1, in OnTarIO; 2, IN RKANSAS; 3, IN NorTH CAROLINA. FERN FIELD Notes, 1934 103 accompanied by Dr. Horace G. Richards of Philadelphia, who is engaged in research work on Pleistocene problems. As has been pointed out by Professor M. L. Fernald,’ the isolated stations of Cordilleran plants now known to exist in northeastern North America are frequently located in areas which appear to have escaped glaciation by the last (Wisconsin) ice sheet, and a study of the locality in question from this standpoint seemed desir- able. The fern was found to grow on.a west-facing cliff of ‘granite-gneiss about 50 feet up from the water-level of a small lake, tributary to Cache Lake. Searcely fifteen living plants could be seen there, although there were remnants of a number of dead ones, indicating that the colony is dwindling if not dying out. Professor Morris Stated that it was indeed much larger at the time he first discovered it, but that a diminution in summer rainfall, erosion of material from the cliff, and encroachment by the forest have all combined to reduce its size. Care was accordingly taken to collect only a limited number of Tonds, a few from each clump, so that its shrinkage would not be accelerated. A photograph of this colony is here reproduced as Plate 6, fig. 1. Unfortunately, no definite evidence bearing on the glacial history of the locality could be obtained. The Slight extent of the weathering shown by the granite- gneiss outerops and by the till which oceurs at lower lev- els in the vicinity certainly suggested relatively recent glaciation. We were therefore inclined to favor the view that, as in the case of isolated stations for certain Plants on Isle Royale, Lake Superior, the region was _ devegetated by Wisconsin ice, and the Woodsia has come in Subsequently. However, more field work will be necessary before the matter can be regarded as settled. Last year an unsuccessful attempt had been made to _ §Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci. 15: 241. 1925. 104 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL rediscover the reported colony of Woodsia scopulina in the Craggy Mountains, so it was decided this year to look into its reputed occurrence on White Oak Mountain, in Polk County, North Carolina. On September 18th a party consisting of Messrs. J. E. Benedict, Jr., Frank M. Crayton, William A. Knight and myself drove up this mountain as far as the road would permit, and then walked out along the granite-gneiss ledges. On south- facing rocks we found only Woodsia obtusa, Cheilanthes lanosa, C. tomentosa, ete., but on those which faced northwest we soon came upon a number of plants of the fern we sought (see Plate 6, fig. 3). As its only known previous collection there had been that by E. C. Town- send in 1897, we had rediscovered a colony which repre- sented the first find of this dominantly western fern in the eastern United States, but which had been lost to science for 37 years. PHILADELPHIA, Pa. Adventures in Fern Collecting Ernest J. PALMER Several years ago while collecting in western Texas I made my headquarters at the pretty and interesting little town of Uvalde, which lies in the Rio Grande plain just south of the Baleonies escarpment that marks the boundary of the Edwards plateau. While there I was told of a rare and mysterious fern that was said to have been found in a cave near the postoffice of Montell. According to the story the fern which was unlike any- thing that had ever been seen before, had been discov- ered by a cowboy who had sold it to a wealthy lady in San Antonio for a substantial sum. I did not succeed in getting any clear description of the plant nor in locat- ing a specimen of it, the purchase price apparently ADVENTURES IN FERN COLLECTING 105 having been the fact that had impressed my informant. Deciding from reports that Montell would be an inter- esting place for botanical exploration, I arranged a little later for transportation with the mail carrier, who also carried passengers and express between the railroad at Uvalde and the county-seat town of Rock Springs about eighty-five miles inland. Montell is a way station in the hills of northern Uvalde County only about thirty-five miles from the railroad, but the roads over the steep rocky grades were bad and Fords of an earlier vintage were not as reliable vehicles for carrying heavy loads in 1917 as they are today. The trip, with three fellow passengers, all women, besides the driver and myself, and with the de- crepit car and trailer loaded down with mail and bag- gage, proved to be something of an adventure in itself. We left the station at North Uvalde, or Sanson, about five p.m. and after many mishaps arrived minus the trailer at Montell in the gray dawn of the next morning. My. clothes and collecting outfit were in the trailer and it was impossible to go far afield amongst the thorny Shrubs and cacti that abounded on the rocky hills and that suggested ideal lurking places for rattlesnakes. So after breakfast I set out to see the town, which I found consisted of a small general store and two or three houses besides the ‘‘hotel,’’ a dilapidated old building of two Stories, minus paint and some window panes, and which Was supported mainly by teamsters and truck drivers between Uvalde and Rock Springs. The fern I was in search of seemed to be something of a casus celeber in the neighborhood, and everyone of whom I enquired knew something about it. An old lady to whom I was directed gave me a full account of its dis- covery including the name and history of the cowboy who had found it. The eave in which the fern grew was not more than seven or eight miles away but it was in 106 : AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL such an inaccessible place that it was not likely that any stranger could find it. However, she gave me the best directions she could and advised me to stop and make further inquiries at a house only two or three miles from the eave, and which had been the paternal home of the cowboy discoverer. I set out early one afternoon to look for the place, col- lecting plants along the way. After leaving the main road I was in a wild country with only accommodation roads and trails that were not easy to follow. Enquir- ing of the first caballero whom I met I discovered that I had already gone several miles in the wrong direction, and by the time I had retraced my steps and found the house to which I had been directed the sun was getting low. The old gentleman who met me, and to whom I explained the object of my visit and as well as I could the scientific nature of my interest in the fern, offered me little encouragement. He pointed out a distant hill on which he said the cave was located, but looking me over with the usual attitude of the natives towards strangers and tenderfeet, he assured me that I could never find it without a guide. After going over the first ridge, he said, I would have to go through a cedar-brake in the valley, where I would surely get lost, and even if I succeeded in getting through that, the cave was hard to locate. Besides, it was infested with rattlesnakes, and the last time his boys had visited it they had nar- rowly escaped being bitten. ‘‘You’d better come back tomorrow,’’ he said, ‘‘and maybe the boys can go with you.”’ How much of this was due to real anxiety for my safety and to the tenderfoot tradition and how much to the idea that the ferns had a commercial value and a wish to keep me from finding the place I could not tell, but as he added that some one had told them that the ferns in the cave might be ‘‘worth a thousand dollars,’’ 4 ADVENTURES IN FERN COLLECTING 107 I suspect that the latter was largely the real motive. But finding myself so near the place and not knowing whether I would have a chance to return nor feeling much confidence that they would be willing to guide me to the place if I did, I was unwilling to give up the quest. So assuring him that I was pretty good at finding my way about and would like to try it at least, he gave me what proved to be as good direction as possible. After crossing the cedar-brake I was to look for a very dim trail that led to the top of the next hill, and the cave lay somewhere near the trail on the right side, just be- fore reaching the top. I set out at a rapid stride and found no difficulty in crossing the cedar-brake and for- tunately in finding what I took to be the trail. But there was nothing suggestive of caves, so far as I could See, on the low ledges and gentle slopes of the limestone ill. The sun was almost setting as I reached the top Without having seen anything like a cave, and as I did not want to get caught in the dark in such a place I Started back in disappointment ready to give up the Search. Half way down the hill I noticed some bushes growing at a little distance from the trail, and going over to them I was delighted to see a wide opening or crevice in the surface of the limestone. There was no bluff or anything to mark the spot except the little clump of cactus and shrubs that really helped to conceal it. The opening was several feet long and just about wide enough for an ordinary sized man to enter. The Sun was too low to shine directly into it, which it prob- ably did for an hour or two each day, but the direction of the opening was such that some light penetrated and peering down I could see some plants growing on a ledge a few feet below. Thinking that I heard something move in the thorny bushes I threw a rock in and was _ answered by a significant buzz. However, I had no time for hunting snakes, and so after poking about with a 108 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL stout stick on the ledge below to make sure that none of them were lurking there, I let myself down almost my full length and was delighted to make out several clumps of a large and curious fern entirely unknown to me at the time. Hastily securing enough for several speci- mens of it, being careful not to take many of the roots nor to run the risk of exterminating it, I got out as quickly, with a feeling of relief and some exultation, and after putting them into my press, started in a run down the hill. Having taken my bearings carefully, I managed to get across the cedar-brake in the rapidly failing light and to find an old road which I followed out to the public highway. However, by that time it was quite dark and as I had come out at a different point from where I had entered, I was quite uncertain as to which way to go. I decided on the right and followed that direction for about half a mile when I decided that I must be going wrong, so I faced about and retraced my steps. The road was far from straight and there were no houses at which to inquire and I met no travelers, but my second guess proved correct and I arrived at the hotel between ten and eleven o’clock, tired and hungry but happy. I was the only guest, but they gave me my supper, to which I did ample justice. The fern found in the cave proved to be Tectaria heracleifolia (Willd.) Underw., a rare species in the southwestern United States. It has been found also in southern Florida growing in limestone sinks, and it ranges to the southward through the West Indies and Mexico into Central and South America. Coulter in his Botany of Western Texas mentions (as Aspidium tri- foliatum) a eolleetion by Lindheimer, in the entrance of a limestone cave near New Braunfels, in 1878. It may have since been found at other localities in the state, but I have no record of it. Tectaria heracleifolia is a eurious and interesting GROWING FERNS UNDER DIFFICULTIES 109 rather than a beautiful fern. The fronds are large and coarse, on the Montell specimens from three to six deci- meters tall including the stipes. In outline the fronds are ovate or triangular, deeply cut by broad sinuses into Several irregular segments which are six to ten centi- meters long and two to four centimeters wide. There are usually one or two pairs of pinnae with often an odd one on one side. The terminal segment is the longest and it has a long acuminate tip. The primary veins are distinct and the large round sori are arranged in two rows between them. The pale brown stipes are scaly especially towards the base. The specimens from Montell, Texas, referred to in these notes was collected June 22, 1917, under my num- ber 12328, and specimens of it are now in the Gray Herbarium, herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Gar- en, and in other herbaria as well as in my own collec- tion. ARNOLD ARBORETUM Growing Ferns Under Difficulties FRANK H. SPRAGUE Fortunate indeed is the fern lover who is blessed with ideal conditions for growing choice varieties. Many no doubt who are not so favored would gladly pursue the hobby could they be assured of reasonable success. To Some of those, perchance, the writer’s exploits may be of interest. About three years ago he conceived the idea of Starting a fern garden. At first the natural obstacles in the way seemed insuperable. Try to visualize, if you will, a location within seven miles of the State House in ston, on a steep, dry southwestern exposure, with high Winds blowing up the valley during much of the grow- ing Season, and with poor soil and inadequate shade in 110 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL the bargain. Of course a few species which thrive under almost any conditions could be made to grow here; but how about the Woodwardias and other swamp ferns to say nothing of the delicate rock ferns found on dripping ledges? In the first place, a number of small trees and shrubs had to be set out to give additional shade. A liberal supply of rich soil was brought by automobile from the nearest available swamp. Quantities of slab and broken rock were transported from ledges a mile or two distant and used to terrace steeper portions of the hillside. Stone walls of various sizes and shapes were built. One of these, facing north in a shaded spot, was backed with a bank of earth in which were set boards slanting obliquely down against the back of the wall. The V-shaped space was then filled with loose stones through which water from the hose could find its way into the soil and trickle out of the crevices in the face of the wall. Here, in due season, were placed the Walking Fern (Camptosorus rhizophyllus), Purple Cliff-brake (Pellaea atropurpurea), Slender Cliff-brake (Cryptogramma Stelleri), Fragrant Shield Fern (Thelypteris fragrans), Smooth Woodsia (Woodsia glabella), Alpine Woodsia (W. alpina), Green Spleenwort (Asplenium viride), Wall-rue Spleenwort (A. cryptolepis) and Maidenhair Spleenwort (A. Trichomanes). Vines of Virginian Creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia) were planted in the bank at the rear and allowed to run over the top. Filled-in areas enclosed by other walls provided suitable places for Boott’s Shield Fern (Thelypteris Boottii), Goldie’s Fern (7. Goldiana), Long Beech Fern (T- Phegopteris) and Silvery Spleenwort (Athyrium acro- stichoides). Among fragments of rock at the base of @ semicircular wall nestled tufts of Blunt-lobed Woodsia (Woodsia obtusa) ; and around the top Ebony Spleen- GROWING FERNS UNDER DIFFICULTIES 111 wort (Asplenium platyneuron) found a suitable loca- tion. In the shadiest spot of all were colonized Braun’s Holly Fern (Polystichum Braunii), Broad Beech Fern (Thelypteris hexagonoptera), Oak Fern (T. Dryopteris) and Virginia Grape Fern (Botrychium virginianum). Dissected Grape Fern (B. dissectum), Ternate Grape Fern (B. dissectum f. obliquum), Leathery Grape Fern (B. ternatum) and Adder’s Tongue Fern (Ophioglos- sum vulgatum) were assigned to more open spots. Spinulose Shield Fern (Thelypteris spinulosa), Inter- mediate Shield Fern (7. spinulosa var. intermedia), Spreading Shield Fern (7. spinulosa var. americana), Crested Shield Fern (7. cristata) and Clinton’s Shield Fern (T. cristata var. Clintoniana), being less exacting than some of the others, were relegated to a fairly shady section on the sidehill. Narrow-leaved Spleenwort (Athyrium. angustifolium) was given a choice location in the shade, along with Maiden-hair Fern (Adiantum pedatum). The rapidly spreading Hay-scented Fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula) was used to cover a bare Spot in partial shade. Common Brake (Pteridium lati- usculum), having been previously established in the yard, needed no further attention. Climbing Fern (Lygodium palmatum) was transplanted in soil brought from its native thicket and in an environment as nearly like the original setting as possible. Slabs of Common Polypody (Polypodium virginianum) were transferred from their home in the woods to the surface of two small boulders unearthed during excavating operations; and around their base Marginal Shield Fern (Thelypteris marginalis) was set. Near the foot of the hill were placed Royal Fern (Osmunda regalis), Interrupted Fern (O. Claytoniana), Cinnamon Fern (0. cinnamomea) and Sensitive Fern (Onoclea sensibilis). Ostrich Fern (Pteretis nodulosa) was put in a shady spot under a 412 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL cherry tree. Marsh Shield Fern (Thelypteris palustris) and Dodge’s Shield Fern (7. simulata) found shelter beneath the spreading branches of a small hemlock. Bulblet Cystopteris (C. bulbifera), Christmas Fern (Polystichum acrostichoides), New York Fern (Thelyp- teris noveboracensis) and Lady Fern (Athyrium angus- twm) had to be content with less select locations on the hillside. The most serious problem of all was how to coax strictly swamp ferns to grow in such a comparatively arid region. The difficulty was overcome, however, by building a semi-circular wall on the steep side-hill and filling the enclosed space with rich earth. Into this basin the surface water from a driveway above was diverted, so that whenever it rained the ground became thoroughly soaked. In dry spells the necessary mois- ture was supplied by the hose. Across the front of the ‘*bog’’ was set a board, notched at intervals at the top, to prevent washing and insure an even distribution of water during a downpour. To aid in keeping the ground damp, the surface was covered with sphagnum and cranberry vines. A natural environment was thus created for Narrow-leaved Chain-fern (Woodwardia areolata) and Virginia Chain-fern (W. virginica) ; and among them were interspersed plants of Cardinal- flower (Lobelia cardinalis), Pitecher-plant (Sarracenia purpurea), Turtle-head (Chelone glabra) and sundry other bog plants. The retaining wall was surrounded by a trellis on which vines of Virginian Creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia), Trumpet Honeysuckle (Lonicera sempervirens) and Common Virgin’s-Bower (Clematis virginiana) were trained to give shade and protection from the wind. Among crevices in the outer face of the wall, shielded by the vines, was Brittle Cystopteris (C. fragilis) ; while in an exposed place at GROWING FERNS UNDER DIFFICULTIES 113 the top clumps of Rusty Woodsia (Woodsia ilvensis) found conditions to their liking. Thirty-nine of these forty-seven species (varieties not included) were found by the writer in person in a few localities in Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Ver- mont; also a single plant of Hitcheock’s Grape Fern (Botrychium simplex). The other eight he was able to locate through the aid of kind friends. Forty-one grew in Massachusetts east of the Connecticut River (thirty- one of them within fifteen miles of Boston), two more in New Hampshire, and five more in Vermont. For ground cover, where needed, Partridge-berry (Mitchella repens), Twin-flower (Linnaea borealis), Checker-berry (Gaultheria procumbens) and numerous other creeping vines were introduced. To add color and variety, a few attractive wild flowers were inter- Spersed with the ferns. As a shield from the wind, hedges of Japanese Barberry were planted along the tops of some of the walls. Quantities of maple leaves were gathered from the roadside in autumn and packed away to decompose over winter. Ferns partial to eal- careous soils were helped by the addition of a little air- Slaked lime. It is hardly necessary to state that the- _ garden hose was an invaluable ally in the enterprise. Locality markers for the different specimens were in- Serted in cylindrical glass phials, with corks sunk slightly below the tops and protected by a coating of thick rubber cement. When the cement was thoroughly dry, the phials were attached in an inverted position to Stakes. The financial outlay involved in the undertaking was practically negligible aside from the cost of gasoline; for nature furnished all necessary materials. Was it worth while? That depends on the point of view. Nature pays big dividends to those who cooperate, in one of the 114 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL most fascinating pastimes, with her spontaneous efforts to express the beautiful. Wo.uaston, MASSACHUSETTS. Recent Fern Literature Dr. Small has for some years shown a particular in- terest in ferns; witness his several articles on the ferns of Florida which are deposited in the Fern Society Library. In the two articles here reviewed,’ he has — turned his attention to the New York City region, deal- ing first with the species of ferns and other pterido- phytes native to the acreage of the New York Botanical Garden, and secondly with the wider ‘‘Torrey Club area’’ covering roughly all the region within one hun- dred miles of New York City. Dr. Small’s papers are much more thoroughgoing than mere citations of lists of forms and localities. In discussing those species of the New York Garden area, totaling 24, in some 400 acres, he also deals with the geo- logical and ecological aspects of this region. He notes _that the fern species of the Garden are all of wide geo- graphic distribution. In this paper he has an interesting comment on the palaeontology of the ferns of this general region. Only Onoclea of the present list has any claim to long geologi- eal lineage. In the longer paper on ‘‘Ferns Within One Hundred Miles of New York City,’’ Dr. Small thoroughly ana- lyzes the general problems which present themselves for consideration. On a map of the region he indicates the 1Small, John K. Native Ferns in the New York Botanical Garden. Jour. N. Y. Bot’l Garden 35: 148-151. 1934. Within One Hundred Miles of New York City. Jour. N. Y. Bot’! Garden 35: 197-207. 1934 RECENT FERN LITERATURE 115 division of the total area into the five provinces which represent differentiated environmental conditions. These are: A. Coastal Plain B. Piedmont C. New England D. Appalachian Valley E. Appalachian Plateaus After describing these provinces in some detail, he takes up a discussion of the actual pteridophyte species under the classification of (1) Wood-ferns; (2) Swamp- ferns; (3) Bog-ferns; (4) Aquatic ferns; (6) Rock- ferns. It is interesting to note the varying require- ments of some species. A few are definitely limited to a particular habitat, others may be fairly abundant out- side of their preferred regions. The paper then takes up the pteridophyte families in Succession and presents some general aspects regarding these families. Dr. Small, in conclusion, finds that ‘‘The failure of a complete fern survey is not pardonable in these days.’’ He urges that this whole area be searched most pains- takingly, particularly in its less inhabited parts. Copies of these two papers have been presented by Dr. Small to the Fern Society Library, and are available for loan.—Rauenu C. BENEDICT. Prof. Featherly, of the Oklahoma State College, and Miss Still have published a brief manual of the ferns of Oklahoma. There are keys to families, genera and Species; under each of the 41 species a brief description, Statement of habitat and of detailed distribution in the State, and a figure are given. The keys seem practic- able, though it may be doubted if ‘‘plants with creeping rootstocks’’ is a sufficient guide to the Osmundaceae and . Polypodiaceae. The figures are of unequal merit, some helpful, some, like the very different-looking pictures of 116 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL the really very similar Cheilanthes Wootoni and C. Fendleri, positively misleading. In general, the little pamphlet serves well its purpose of providing a brief, non-technical and easily usable account of the ferns of Oklahoma and deserves a hearty welcome as the first of a series of botanical studies which we hope may run to many numbers, and as exemplifying one of the most use- ful lines of effort on the part of botanists at State col- leges—the investigating and recording of the local flora.* In the American Botanist 40: 125 (1934) Edward D. Hutt records finding Ophioglossum in Lake Co., Indiana, in ground which had ‘‘long ago been excavated for sand.’’ Low ridges alternated with shallow depressions ; on the ridges, in the shade of small shrubs and among cranberry vines, the Ophioglossum was found in con- siderable numbers. Mr. A. H. G. Alston (Journ. Bot. 72: 223. 1934) has examined the types of Presl’s species of Selaginella in the Haenke herbarium at Prague. In addition to the nomenclatorial results of his work, he publishes a con- venient summary of Haenke’s itinerary. ~ 8 Featherly, H. L, and Clara E. Still. The ferns of Oklahoma. Okla. A. & M. College Bot. Studies 1 (Exp. Sta. Cire. 80). 2 pp., 41 figs. June, 1934. SHORTER NOTES 117 Shorter Notes Can ANYONE READILY DISTINGUISH THE NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN Lapy FERN Specres?—‘‘Please tell me how to distinguish Athyrium angustum from A. as- plenioides easily, promptly, confidently, and correctly, especially with imperfect material ?’’ When that question came to me from Dr. J. K. Small, I could only answer, ‘‘I don’t know how.’’ When I referred the question to others who had been giving the matter more extended attention, I received essentially the same answer. One wrote that while the spores are distinctive when fully mature, they may be confused when just short of maturity. Another informed me that while differences of the glandular condition were some- times cited, he had found these impossible to apply to dried material and he had not been able to discover in fresh material any clear correlation between differences in glandular condition and general foliar characters. The forms of lady fern which occur, often together, in the eastern United States have long presented a puz- zling problem for the fern student. If extremes of form and size are taken, the differences seem to be greater than those which differentiate many pairs of accepted Species. However, when the problem is followed more extensively, it does not seem possible to separate a wide suite of specimens into two classes. It seems to most of us impossible to answer Dr. Small’s question in any Satisfactory way. _ This difficulty had long resulted in the general prac- tice, in taxonomic works, of referring all these eastern specimens to a single species, Athyrium Filix-femina (L.) Roth. Then some years ago, Dr. Butters,* in the course of an intensive study, worked out a basis of dif- * Butters, F. K. Taxonomic and geographic studies in North American Ferns. Rhodora 19: 169-216, pl. 123. S. 1917. 118 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL ferentiation in the species by which he separated the whole range of material into two species. First, he con- eluded that the eastern material is specifically distinct from true Athyrium Filix-femina, so that neither of the two eastern lady ferns should be called by that name. One, A. angustum (Willd.) Presl, is predominantly a more northern form. The other, A. asplenioides (Michx.) Desv., occupies the southern part of the range formerly ascribed to the whole species. Apparently, in their separate ranges, the two forms occur almost exclusively of each other, but where their ranges overlap, both types are present and the difficulties of separation present themselves. r. Butters’ study was a worth-while effort. His pro- posal to recognize two distinct species, together with his analysis of the differences in geographic distribution and the tendency toward correlated morphologie differences has constituted a valuable working hypothesis in cen- tering attention of field and laboratory work on the problem involved. However, if, after the extended period which has elapsed since his proposals were pub- lished, and after the careful attempts which others have made to substantiate his findings, the question asked at the beginning of this dicussion cannot be answered satis- factorily, then it would seem proper to return to the older practice of recognizing one polymorphic species of eastern lady fern. As a summary of the whole lady-fern problem, the question asked in the title of this note may be rephrased and an additional, more general question added: 1. Can two species of lady fern be satisfactorily dis- tinguished in Eastern North America: respectively, Athyrium angustum and A. asplenioides? 2. Can the forms of lady fern of Eastern North Amer- ica be adequately differentiated as a species distinct from true Athyrium Filix-femina of Europe? SHorTER NOTES 119 The pages of the JouRNAL are open for answers.— R. C. BENEDICT: SoME OBSERVATIONS ON OsMUNDAS.—I noticed a note on the red-stemmed cinnamon fern in vol. 24, no. 1, of the Fern JourNat, and a little later found this form myself. There was only one plant, about 18 inches high. It was growing in a damp, shady wood with the type. The pinnae are close together and the pinnules are more rounded than in the type. In this and other respects it resembles a hypothetical cross between Osmunda cinna- momea and O. Claytoniana. The stipes are wine-colored, very much the same color as in red-stemmed forms of lady-fern, up to or a little beyond the basal pinnae. Along a clearing made for a road I found abnormal fronds of O. cinnamomea and O. regalis. The rootstocks were undoubtedly injured and, as the clearing was done in the spring, the new fronds were also probably either cut off or mutilated. New fronds have just fully un- rolled; in many cases the O. cinnamomea is variety mmecisa and the O. regalis tends toward an analogous variety. The incised condition is particularly pro- nounced in the cinnamon fern; the royal is only slightly incised. This may help to explain how the incised varie- ties arise. Both of these stations are in the Dunes.—R. M. Tryon, _IJR., Chicago, Tl. ANOTHER FERN-GARDEN List.—I have noted the fern- garden lists in the last number of the AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL and the request that other members send in their lists.” I am a newcomer in this field and therefore I am rather hesitant to send my list. My ferns are, with one exception, limited to specimens I have gathered within a radius of fifty miles of Madison in my frequent trips. Due to the very limited room in my “postage stamp’? garden, I have confined my planting _ to ferns indigenous in this locality. My experience with 120 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL the cinnamon fern, royal fern and marsh fern is the same- as that of Mr. C. L. Gruber (p. 89 of the JouRNAL), that is, they took kindly to the soil of my garden without spe- cial preparation and the ordinary amount of moisture. The purple cliff-brake presents difficulties, for the birds insist on. pulling it from the rock crevices because the thread-like roots are needed for their nests. Nearly all of the ferns in the list are found in the vicinity of Devil’s Lake. Botrychium pa . Adiantum tu akan soothes emina Can nore: get ines Me Cystopteris bulbifera salon Aged eristata oe, dilatata 5 intermedia . Onoclea sensibilis . Osmunda cinnamomea - Claytoniana 15. es r is 16. Pellaea atropurpurea pee sis a Koki Dryopteris 18. hexagonoptera 19. f polypodioides 20. Polypodium Bae 21. Pteretis nodulosa 22. Woodsia ilvensis 23. Cystopteris fragilis O. W. Srorey, Madison, Wisconsin pot ak bk bed ERE SSeInadnk were 2 = 3) ~~ = = ~~ D 2 ~ * American Fern Society One of the most distinguished members of the Society, Dr. Nathaniel Lord Britton, for 33 years Director of the New York Botanical Garden, died at New York, June 25, 1934, in his 76th year. He had made for himself a AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY a2 prominent place in American botany; no adequate ac- count of a career so full of large accomplishment as his can be given here. He graduated from Columbia College in 1879 and his first botanical publication appeared in the same year. He was at once appointed assistant to Prof. Newberry at Columbia and became professor of Botany there in 1891. In 1896 he was chosen director ‘of the newly founded New York Botanical Garden. The rapid development of that institution under his leader- ship; its many publications culminating in the ‘‘North American Flora’’; his own studies of the plants of the West Indies; his part in the ‘‘Scientifie Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands’’; the monumental work on Cactaceae in which he collaborated with Dr. J. N. Rose, are well known to all botanists. He married Elizabeth Gertrude Knight, a botanist of distinction in her own right, in 1885; she died four months before him. Mrs. Elizabeth Gertrude (Knight) Britton, wife of Dr. N. L. Britton of the New York Botanical Garden, and a member of this Society since 1911, died at New York Feb. 25, 1934. She was born in New York Jan. 9, 1858. Much of her childhood was spent on her grand- father’s estate in Cuba. She graduated from Normal (now Hunter) College in New York in 1875 and served as teacher of science there until her marriage to Dr. Britton in 1885. She early developed an interest in botany and some time before her marriage had begun that study of mosses which she carried on throughout her life, becoming Honorary Curator of Mosses at the Gar- den. She had also more than a passing interest in ferns; it was she who discovered Schizaea in Nova Scotia and incited Mr. Waghorne to rediscover it in Newfoundland, and she published accounts of the life history of this fern and of the tropical Vittaria lineata. She was one of the organizers of the Wild Flower Preservation Society i22 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL in 1902 and for years was active and influential in its work. She was her husband’s constant helper at the Garden and on many excursions to the West Indies. Mrs. Elizabeth Braxton (Simpson) Davenport, a mem- ber of this Society since 1901, died at Brattleboro, Ver- mont, Aug. 28, 1934, aged 89. She was born in Phila- delphia. Her mother was a Quaker, and she was educated in the schools of that sect, something, she once wrote ‘‘for which I can never be thankful enough.” Visits to various institutions were part of the cur-_ riculum; those to the Academy of Science (where the skeletons seem to have impressed her most, but without horror), fostered an inborn love of natural history. ‘‘I never selected botany and bird study’’ she wrote, ‘‘they took possession of me as a very young child.’’ In 1862 she married Alonzo C. Davenport, a merchant of Brattle- boro, Vermont. There she had more opportunity than in Philadelphia for field studies. Ornithology was her pri- mary interest. She has said that she was probably the first anywhere, certainly the first in Vermont, systemat- ically to feed birds out-of-doors during the winter. She was one of the first national board of directors of the American Ornithologists’ Union; her ‘‘most engrossing interest’’ became the work of the Audubon Societies for the protection of birds. In pursuit of it, she travelled much about Vermont, speaking in schools, and organiz- ing local societies. She was one of the founders of the Vermont Bird Club and a member of many distinguished scientific associations. Her interest in botany and especially in ferns was scarcely less than in birds. She was a friend of C. C. Frost, a correspondent of George E. Davenport and many other botanists, and one of the early and active members of the Vermont Botanical Club. Mrs. Davenport had no taste for writing and pub- lished very little. About a year before her death, at the AMERICAN F'ERN SOCIETY “120 request of one of the editors of this JouRNAL, she diec- tated some autobiographical notes. The brief extracts from them which follow will give as vivid an idea as, per- haps, anything can of the enthusiasm and thoroughness with which she went about her work and of the qualities which, added to an unusually attractive personality, made it a privilege to be with her in the field. **T used to start before the first of May, with my pack, to meet the bird migration in different parts of the state. . I have been on the top of Mansfield in the spring before the snow had gone or the forest trees had leaved out. Sometimes I had a companion, but more often was obliged to go alone.’’ ‘*T very soon formed the practice of settling in some — favorable place in the mountains and, with my binoculars and my microscope, remain until fall, making trips where I could help and many for my own work, then Spending the winter where I could be in touch with the Botanical Museum at the Bronx, the museums sometimes in Washington and sometimes farther south, and in Philadelphia while members of my family still lived.’ And this is her modest summing up: ‘‘ My life has been a very busy one; but years ago I realized how many people there were to do the large things, and so few interested in the small things, that I decided that should be my line of work.’’ November 2nd, 1934. Mrs. Elsie Gibson Whitney Secretary American Fern Soci New York State Museum, rs. Ny: Dear Mrs. Whitney, Pees were 108 members of the American Fern er a by the Nominating Committee. All voters were in favor of electing our first president, Dr. Willard Nelson Clute, to aeere membership in the Society, 124 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL with the exception of four who very probably overlooked marking that part of their ballots. A number also added expressions of earnest approval of the Committee’s recommendation in regard to Dr. Clute As judge of elections, I declare the following elected as oe of Se Society for the year PE POROONE 553 ho Dr. Edgar T. T. Wherry Vice President eae Mrs. Carlotta C. Hall Secretary Mrs. Elsie G. Whitney easurer Dr. Henry K. Svenson To Honorary Membership: Dr. Willard Nelson Clute. Respectfully submitted, ARRY W. TRUDELL, Judge of Elections. The editors have received a complaint from one mem- ber that two exchanges, initiated by him through notices in the JourNAL, have proved unsatisfactory in that he has received poor, scrappy and badly prepared speci- mens in return for good ones and, at least in one case, has been unable to get even an answer to a protest. It has been our custom to print in the JouRNAL any proposal for exchange received from a member in good standing. That is one of the purposes of the JOURNAL; we have felt, and still feel, that the results are far more likely to be good than bad. We are sure that they have been good in the vast majority of cases. But we cannot guarantee that they will always be. What we can, and will, do is this. We will place on file the complaint received and any other information, favorable or otherwise, that comes to us. Any member intending to start an exchange because of a notice in the JOURNAL may write to any of the editors; we will give him whatever information we ean as to the desirability of a given exchange. The JourRNAL is indebted to Dr. Wherry for the illus- tration which accompanies his article in this number. Index to Volume XXIV Adder’s-tongue, 78, 111 Adiantum anceps, 15, 17; Capil- By, OTs chilense, 2, ; pedatum, 87, 88, 120, var. mcaticaur le a 15, 17; platy- yllum, AE; tri icholepis, 87 Zo eentares in fern pA wy 104 ALSTON, A. H.-G. - Cer ferns of Sir James Smith’s ae Mile (review), 48; (notice of work), Alabama, Dicksonia rubiginosa at Mobile, 51 American bracken, limestone, 92; Fern oe "29, 53, 94, 120 ; ferns, new tro pical, xIT, elsh polypody in No rth kod) ime ro Vile Anemia mexica 97 ee pau fern- ry list, 120 Apium grayeclens, 8 Appalachians, a visit to the south- Ar alla racemosa, 27 Aspidium, 87; acrostichoides, 24; cristatum, 88, 90, 91, var. Clin: ; Filix- -mas, 90, Simulatum, ; , 90, 91, var. dilatatum, 90, var. intermedium, , 903 spi- nulosum X cristatum, 91; T 9 also Dryopteris, Poly- stichum, ‘Tectaria and Thelyp- hice ne eg lg bp 88 ; gustifolium, Bradleyi, 34, 58, 99; con ties. 87, 128; eryptolepis, 19, 20, < 78, 110 ; ebeneum, 47, 87 5) OE 228s x ebenoides, 39, 2 Filix femin 20, 88, Gravesii, 34; Sarheantterticm, 72-74; montanum, 33, 91; ob- tusifolium, 74; pinnatifidum, 33-35 ; platyneuron, 39, 80, 88, 92, 99, f. Hor . ; gan St Bonhs ie eer 33, a hum, 2 ride, 22, 110. See Athacton Athyrium acrostichoi + 2 110, 120; angustifolium, 87, 92 111; angust , 9 12 4%, 118, var. rubellum, 26; 1 nioides, eet: 118; Pilix'femina, 87 s —120, horticultural 0 Ws rubellum, 28 91; : istatumy 91. Se 90, $1. ¥ See also Aspie- Seige Ja 1 sae des i webccnen list, BENEDIC R. Ca venatic “distin ish the northern and southern Tady fern species ?, 11 BENHAM, C. E. Ferns in bottles ‘ 27 Spieant, 87, horticul- Nar 7 BLOMQUIST, Th merican Welsh polypody in North Caro- Botrychium dissectum, 90-92 a, f. obliquum, 111; hentocnaiaas 91; matricariae, 91; obliquum, 0-92, var. tenuifolium, 35; simplex, 113; ternatum, 87, 111, interm n, 91; igo limestone, 92 Brake, common, 111; purple cliff, 110; slender cliff, 110 BRITTON aoe G. (obituary), 121 BRITTON, N. L. y), 1 BURKART, A, Observaciones sobre 7 sedeapageoeed platenses (review), 4 California, fern notes f rs chiesaboiien 39, 47, , 90-92, 110, 120 Cardinal flower, (Oe 112 Checker-berry, 113 Cc th heilanthes, 22; alabamensis, ae 8 albofusca, 4; fornica, 2; Clevelandii 3; Freel : Fe 1, 116; a, 87, 91, 104; rege! 4: tomentosa, pees hes 104; viscida, 3; Woo- 11 Cheilanthopsts, 17 CH . C. The present status of. ioe knowledge of Chinese ferns, (review), 8; studies of a es rns, VIII and IX (re- cheione ’ glabra rs 'B & Clematis virginiana, Cliff brake, purple, Club moss, shining, 85 Cryptogramma acrostichoides, 3; Stelleri, 110 Cyrtomium faleatum, var. dens, 48; Roch Cystopteris bulbifera, 27, 87 Pier «$2 91, 112, 120, var. horizon- talis. 30: fragilis, oe 21, 22; 00, he Baga: 90-92, , 120, a rare 112 110; slender, 50 cystopteris, bulblet, 112; brittle, DavENPorT, E. B. Ragone Ae 122 Deuaatasatie. 87; punctilobula, 33, 36, 92, 111. See also Dick- sonia Dicksonia, fis ilosiusecula, 90; Dunetilobala, * 68,81; rubi- ginosa, 51, 52, at Mobile, Ala- bama, 51. See also Dennstaedtia 126 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Dix, W. L. Fern-garden list, 92: den, a Vermont, 84; garden lists. rare rust on Cystopteris fragilis, 87, 120; literature, 17, 48, 114; 5 notes from California, 1; seed, Dryopteris, 47, 87 ; chrysoloba, 87 ; 10, 93; Shakespeare on, 93; So- es 87, 1206; eristata Clin- ciety, 29, 53, 94, na, 87; Filix-mas, 43 , 87, Ferns from western = York, 26; horticultural forms oF. 87, 88; in bottles, 27; ae _tropical Goldia : exagonoptera, American, ; 71, 78, 85, 111: buib-bearing bladder, Hart’s-tongue, 65, 68, 70, ;. chain, » 48, ate age "4 are on Christmas, oo A, 78, 85, 112: Pe ee a suena ic! cinnamon, , 89, 111, 119, red- stemmed, 28 ; climbing, 85, 111; oces oar Saying the Scolo- Clinton’s shield, 85, 111; Clin- pendrium fern, ton’s 46; crested » HUNNEWELL, F. Hee 85, 111; crested wood, 46; dag: committee of investigati 7, 60. ger, 46; dissected grape,’ 111: Hurt, E. D. (notice of Sock), 116 Do Sct eee a ere 5 Hyalospora p odii, 5D ragrant shield, ; Goldie’s, @ 46, 48 : idie’s Shield, 85 Hydrocotyle verticillata, 8 Foe: i, AC TaRL aur Kanaan pects of Bgulctum, 2 ae the, 65; so Pe narrow- aquiline thoes terrain alcalin leaved chain, 113; net-veineqd _ view), 4 in, ; Y : Lobelia cuatinaits, 432 SB ik catvich, seat yeas oak Lomaria aSicant, 91. See also A 85, Blee 111; shield, 85, 89, 110-112: Lonieera sempervi rens, 112 spinulose, 85; spinulose shield. a 23; lucidulum, Bot Nield, Tits ~ obscurum, 90; sabinaefol um, 112; ’ var. sitehense, 81; Skutchii, 23 = Tio: wi ; walking, 48, 78, 8 34, a palmatum, 43, 88, 91, wa Fern collecting, adventures in, pease 16, 91, 114;:. from <; ; field notes, 1934, 97; gar- Peru, a new, 15 INDEX TO VOLUME 24 Marsilea vestita, 4 Maxon, W. R. (notice of work), 23; new maidenhair from Peru, new tropical American ferns, “X11. 72 Polystichum acrostichoides in Sioxina. 23; re- 2 ty of the president for 1933, Mexico, oides i Microlepia hirta, 48; Mitchells eg 113 Mor ,C. ¥; new maidenlair tea aay Per MussacuH, A. Untersuchungen sa palage Cystopteris fragilis (re Spt aaah acrostich- setosa, 48 wikis 18 Nephrolepis cordifolia 48 New maidenhair from Peru, 15; tropical pproee Bis ferns, Xi, 732 New York, ferns from western, = North, ‘Carolina, American Welsh 934, 97; on western New York, nen Big — Ontario pterido- Notholaena ig i Jonesii, ; Newberryi, 4; Parryi, 5 oats i gcse 721: G. N. L. L- Britton, 12 12%; 36. . Daven. . Eaton, 53; a Bannes, Oleandra Archeri, 74: duidae, 75 114; SSerinis 88, 90— 92,111, 120 ; Stru uthiopteris, 88. See also teretis Struthiopteris i ig pteridophytes, notes on, Ophioglossum, 116; Engelmanni, 100 ; vulgatum, 88, 90, 91, 111 m n LS a 0, var. s a ilis, 20 regalis gracilis, 88, Struthiopteris, 20 Osmundas, observations on, 119 PALMER, B J. Ad oe in fern collecting, 104; ferns and fern allies of "Missouri faten). 18 PALMER, T. C. (obituar ry), 54 Parthenocissus quinquefolia, 110, Partridge-berry, 1 Pellaea androm Oita 5, atropurpurea, 33, 36, 47, 338, 80 } brachyptera, on 5; Bridgesii, 6; ¢ data, 22: eo 100 ‘91, : io: don, 88, 91, 120. — Dryopteris and Thelyp- dg biol |Scolopendrium, Bt, 88. horticultural f f, xe eae onl tect omg, 88.’ See = 50-92, 127 Pine, white, — PINKE RTON, M. E. Fer rns and fern allies of ‘atissourt (review), 18 Pitcher plant, 78, 112 Podistera va vadensis, 5 ie Lone 3 7 cambri cum, "24, var. ” hesperium, ty War: Kaulfussii, 6 Polypody, 46, 84, 85; an Welsh, 25, — in North tone. ; comm 24, 111 Polystichum ‘acrostichoides, 23, 88, 92, 112, in Mexico, 23, f. na i; multifida en 85, Bae erisp 90, cisu 90, OL: gp an 8 horticultural srsedor of, 88, var. 92, 111, var. Purshii 82; Lon- chiti s, fe mohri oides, var. scopuiina 7: ‘ maint um, 88. D Asplatinn i cens, ee jatinseutuna, D0, ‘9? “LIL. See also Pte Pter Aarck Bag putt me Ontario, 79 Pteris ae 5 ey Oe OO, OL: cretic ; flabel lata, 92; longi- folia, ry oiartiide. 49 ; tremula, 49. ‘See also Pteridium _— ‘rust on Cystopteris fragilis, 5 Rate ss f a patch of Equisetum praealtum Recent ge Fes oy 8 i, 48, 114 Report of ¢ = ee of investiga- tion, 60; of i a te polteds. og 123 ; of president fe 1933, pat ad interim, 59; of treasurer for s her- i ‘ ka A. Observaciones sobre Pterido- fitas platenses, 48. ing, C. The present status of Chin- og Mada. gen e xhony Cystopteris chai oy Zi. Palmer, E. eS within 100 miles of New York 128 City, 114; native ferns in the New York Botanical Garden 14. Ste N > 2 Ehe phyto- geography of the middle Kuriles, 1 Saccoloma oe, 23 Sarracenia purpurea, 1 Saving the Seotopen rit che ate SCHAFPNE ER, at as species of Equisetum 36 Gipiopendrtae. 65, saving ; the, Gas vulgare, 33, 90, 91. See also Phyllitis Scouring rab, great, 38; Kansas, Shakespeare on fern seed, 93 eos R. Fer rn-garden list, SHARP BS ew variety ?, 28; success with "een ns, 76 n bein of New York ity (re- i 14; waiive ferns in the ie York Botanical Garden (re- view 14 Sm actin: racemosa, 27 aex palate 50; ebony, 84, 89, 111; om Ha ¥. H. ¥Fern- saedon et “Ss: ee ferns under difficu ok Pa, apogam certain homospor- —_ ae ferns (re- aeerene MAR J. Ferns and fern ae ‘of ieee (review), STILL, C. E. Ferns of Oklahoma Another fern-gar- Struthiopteris germanica, 90, 91. See also hie ie Pteretis : Success with fer TATEWAKI, M. hytogeog- phy: of the migate Rotts (re- TAYLOR, T. M. C. Notes on some Ontario pteridophytes, 79 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Tectaria ne nee 108. See also Aspidiu ; Tennessee, Scott's spleenwort in, Thelypteris, 87; Boottii, 52, 53 10: Clintoniana : Dryopteris. 92, 111; 110; Goldiana, 92, 110; hexa gonop a by Is ae D2; marginalis, 92. 41 palustris, Phegopteris, 110; sinnanata, ‘92, Es ia 92, 111, var, americana, 111, var. interme di Lvs 5 ie See also pal ete ‘Dryopteris and Phe- eris Thuja occidentalis, 99 Trichomanes Petersii, 35 boracensis, 82. Sete ; a TRUDE Report of judge of e ieee i283 {han hee igge honeysuckle, 1 eats ON, Rh. M. me abecrvation: smundas, 119 Turtlehead, - win-flow is Typha SaaS ae 8 UNpERWwoop, J. G. Report of treasurer for 1932-33, 61 Vermont fern garden, 84 Virginian creeper, 110, 112. Virgin’s bower, common, 11 1, Pa the southern Konan , oo Ware, R. A. Report of committee of investigation, 60. WEATHERBY, C. A. Report of com- mit WHERrRY, E. T. erican bracken on limestone, ‘92; ern field notes, 1934, 97 report of presi- dent, _ Woodsia, 17, 50; alpina, 17, 110; Catheartiana, 17, 91; glabella, 110; ilvensis, 17, 88, 91, 113, 120; obtusa, 88, 1 110; oregana, 8; eat 45m 101, Ww oodsia, al alpine, 110; blunt-lobed, 1 usty, 50, 113; smooth, Woodwardi a, stress tad angusti- folia, 91 88, 92; 9 Charaineok. 8, eee “arebriath, 48; radicans, 88. ee, ea. ager 43, 83, 88, 91, 9 92, Page 18, line Page 87, line 24. for Page 87, line 25, for eae om botto Page 27, line 4, for Crystopters, sore A opte sap bs divi A Phe tly ebeneum. r Styermark, a Steyermark. stum, ahr Asplenium panne read mu. D, hepuponsuente ype Ps . Chr. Spores light brown, 15—22 fi Lin oe igh ; 3. Spores dark brown; neotanerasees large, x 30- 80a close together ; spores 20—27 u yopteris pment pngoars (L.) A. Gray. ear to be 4. Spores ni ome aula wrinkled in ap- earance rather than h wid 1 Average, rs = mu. yri a een (Mx.) Desv. 4, Mo light eo dark bro ies Fo ss wil —— forming a wide, con- cuo wing completely around the rer oe nearly so (6). coe ase 2t— ihe big pone "thick Tinea x 4 Preeetis | nodulosa (Mx.) Nieuwl. 6. eeree one 6 ight brown; ridges ti aig Sehotly continuous. 0 e Spores brown, aC oi 40-50 mu. 5 . gy R. Br. Spores light DAE, 05 obtusa (sprene.) Torr. Spores light gritos $0.x 7 mu. sis (L.) R. Br. Fo _distneulsiing “characters, see 5. eaiger end “ ‘berispore forming broken or nar- idg' ings about the spore cs Ridges showing a tendency to anasto- m ; thin rather than rounded or obtuse. Spores brown, 30 X AAP i fer a ici Athyrium Ber Di els. Asplenium is ere. Spores brown, 30—40 x 35-55 m ee arene L. Spores a 36-40 < 35-45 mu. pla lat ynonton la Oakes. The of A. Tricho 7 L. is practically identical he that of A euron ; as esti Mewes * slightly oot ridges * D. Phegopteris is marked like D. hexagonoptera, or ridges may sometimes be formed, as in Fig. SPORES OF NORTHEASTERN FERNS T7 7. Ridges consisting of more or less ob- tuse or irregular wrinkles and pro- tuberances; anastomosing little or not at all. *Dryopteris "tn Budryopteris Spores brown, 30—40 ara: D. cristata (he) A Gray. ne brown, 25-30 X 30-40 mu a. D, spinulosa (Muell.) O. Ktze. ie (subgenus Lastrea) Ss brown, similar ‘in size to that be De: Thelypteris, but marked like - D. noveboracens FAMILY 2. SCHIZAEACEAE Perispore wantin A. Spores pitted o or pocked ; smoothly symmetrical, oval, with many ay Shallow pits; yellowish-gray ; —e (45-65 x he FAMILY 3. OsMUN AE Spores globular, green, dansteaik with numerous small irregular flat to Spiny projections. Osmunda Spores 60 mu in domiaier. regalis L, var. spectabilis (Willd.) A. Gray. Spores 40-50 mu in Ye O. cinnamomea L. and 0. Claytoniana L. FAaMILy 4. OPHIOGLOSSACEAE Perispore wan ting. A. epor en pitied or pores cecgile cyaa oe oO x 40 mu, Danton coarsely with pits. ioglossum vulgatum L. aa. Poores Foundish or somewhat tetannaeas 20-25 X 25-30 Pee oy ote awe Bo trychium silaifolium Presi. AA. —— tubereulate ; i.e., covered with wartlike elevations: verru- . ioe €; not sealy. Roundish, with inconspicuous tri-radiate ex, +Botrychium Spores 35-50 mu in diame’ fee Seeies ....B. simplex Hitche, Spores 25-35 mu in diamete B. pointe SA la oe (P. & M.) Fern. Spores 25-35 mu in —— -B. matricariaefolium_ A. i, Spores 25-35 mu in diameter...... B. virginianum (L.) Sw. oo a aecerarss (Bo * The Phe. opteris — > y also be sought here: subgenus Lastrea nyt Cc. See itenaen (1919). th otrychium eee is to be sought especially under (A). In Ho other members of the genus, except B. a: there may often noticed in the spores of the same 8 series of iateceradine conti ded o e surface of the spore, and finally meet, decastne Pitteq Us Tidges. When this advances far enough it pr rodu uces the Spore: B. silaifolium is apparently at the end of a series 78 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL The consideration of the above grouping, together with the plates, brings out several interesting features; spore- characters in general bear out studies of relationships made in other ways. Let us first consider the Polypodiaceae, in which there are seen several groups. The genus Woodsia seems a close-knit one, and very similar to the related Pteretis. Cystopteris, which is often placed near Woodsia, is mark- edly different in spore-characters, and Dennstaedtia seems more closely allied to the Pteroid ferns, such as Adiantum. The Pteroid ferns as a whole, comprising those genera with marginal elongate sori, show similar characters, although variations in size and degree of scaliness indi- cate looseness of relationships. The considerable differ- ences between Pellaea and Cryptogramma indicate the reasonableness of their generic segregation, while Chet- lanthes seems much closer to Pellaea. The spore of Polypodium, with its bean-shape, and bilateral symmetry, differs markedly from all others. It is worthwhile emphasizing here that evolution in ferns has been definitely along reticulate lines, and not in 4 straight chain. The spore of an advanced type such as Polypodium has little relation to the spore of the Asple- nieae, for example: advancement has been along different lines. The spores of the Asplenium group (sorus elongate; indusium lateral-superior) seem quite uniform. The genera Asplenium and Athyrium are separated with dif- ficulty, while close similarity of spores seems to favor the retention of Woodwardia areolata and W. virginica the same genus. The genus Camptosorus, sometimes placed in Asplenium, generally shows a more conspicuous perispore ‘‘wing’’ than the Asplenia. However, espe cially in view of its tendency to hybridize with A. platy- SPORES OF NORTHEASTERN F'ERNS 79 neuron, there is a question as to the advisability of main- taining it as a separate genus. In the last group of the family (Aspidieae of Diels (1902) ; sorus cireular, indusium superior or wanting) the spores of Polystichum differ plainly from those of Dryopteris: the color differs, as well as the markings. The group of Phegopteris (subgenus Lastrea (Bory) C. Chr.) seems to form a unit differing, by a lighter spore- color and a less wrinkled perispore, from Dryopteris as a whole. The peculiar spore of D. marginalis is quite easily recognized, and is quite similar to that of the re- lated western D. arguta, though smaller. D. Filiz-mas, on the other hand, seems to be related more closely by spore-characters to the spinulose ferns. The writer has seen a few sheets of the two last, through the kindness of Mr. C. A. Weatherby, but the above conclusions should be tested by further observations. The rest of the com- prehensive genus Dryopteris would be hard to separate; the three related species, D. simulata, D. noveboracensis, and D. Thelypteris (also subgenus Lastrea), are espe- cially closely similar to each other. Going from the Polypodiaceae to the Ophioglossaceae, we see signs of family affinity within the latter family. The spores are alike in lacking a perispore, and in the generally pitted or tuberculate character. Within the genus Botrychium the various species seem to be related much as Prantl (see Bitter, G. (1902)) arranges them. It is both unnecessary and unwise, however, to place much stress upon these resemblances, without further Study. The present study is admittedly very incomplete. Certain groups, such as the Appalachian Asplenia, have hardly been touched ; certain genera, such as Onoclea and Polystichum, have been neglected. Dryopteris would repay much more study: the list might be much pro- 80 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL longed. It is hoped, however, that this paper will be of interest to students of the ferns, and will stimulate further work to test the correctness of the views herein expressed. In eonelusion, the writer wishes to extend his sincere thanks to Dr. J. M. Fogg, with whose help the work on spores was carried out, and to Dr. E. T. Wherry, who made many helpful suggestions during the course of the work. LITERATURE CITED 1877-80. Eaton, D. C. ‘‘The Ferns of North America.’’ 2 vol. Boston. 1896, Weaver, ©. B. Proc. Ia. Acad. Sei. 3: 159-161. 1902. ENGLER and Prantu. ‘‘ Die Natiirlichen Pfl nfamilien.’’ a. SADEBECK, R. (Pteridophyta in general) p. 15. b. Diets, L. (Polypodiaceae) pp. 139-339. (Aspidieae, p. 166). ce. Bir eg + 470-472. 1905-06. Onisoranias, **TInd ieum.’’ 1914. Picxerr, F. L. ee peniiny ae e Pellaea atropurpurea Link.’? Fern Journ. 4: 97-101. Jy—Sep. 1914. 1917. Pickett, F. L. ‘‘Is Pellaea glabella Mett. a Distinet ance Fern Journ. 7: 3-5. Jan.—Mar. 1917. 1917a. Bag ee . K. ‘*Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link and laea ONE oe ex Kuhn.’’? Fern Journ. 7: 77- 7 Jy—Se >. 191 1917b. Burrers, F. Siti in Athyrium). Rhodora 19: 69-207. fi id; 1919. CHRISTENSEN, CaRL. a ‘Monograph of the Genus Dryop- teris.”” . Part iI. EXPLANATION OF PLATES The outlines of the figures were made in all cases with the aid of a camera lucida; — light was used, with a compound micro- scope equipped with a $10 eyepiece and a 4 mm. objective. The spores sete mounted in water. The figures are enlarged approxi- mately 425 tim PLATE ig. eames vulgatum L.; he 2, Botry- chium sagucitionpaidin (P. & M.) Fern.; Fig. B. mary: AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VOLUME 25, PLATE 5 e ee ° j= fo) fo) re) iJ ° r O48 20 oo lat 00, oOo ey Oe hoe 6% 5 © 20 9, Spores or NORTHEASTERN FERNs. AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VOLUME 25, PLATE 6 i ee Spores or NORTHEASTERN FERNS. AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VOLUME 25, PLATE 7 Spores oF NoRTHEASTERN FERNS. AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VOLUME 25, PLATE 8 Spores of NoRTHEASTERN FERNS. Spores OF NORTHEASTERN F'ERNS 85 cariaefolium A, Br.; Bi si B. virginianum (L.) Sw.; Fig. 5. B. silaifolium Presl; Fig. mi aire Hitche.; Fig. 7. een regalis L. var. ce ewes i Gray: Mig. 8. cin momea L.; Fig. 9. Schizaea pusilla Parsh; Fig. 10. peers palmatum peng ne PLATE So Pips Li. Pellaca pet hs Ch.) bink: sig. TZ. aegis lanosa (Mx.) Watt; Fig. 13. rep ioaruinettl Stelleri Gmel.) rise Vig. = Pteridium latiusculum (Desv.) cn. Fig. 15. Polypodium virginianum L.; Fig. 16. Cystop- teris bulbivera =e Mrkh; Fhe TC. hadi pedatum L.; Fig. 18. Dennstaedtia ounctilcbate re, PuaTE 7. Fig. 19. Dryopteris ora (L.) A Gray; Fig. 20. D. Goldiana (Hook.) A. Gray; Fig. 21. D. spiwaloea (Muell.) O. 5. D. Linnaeana C. Chr.; Phegopteris (L.) T.5 Fig. 27. Dryopteris hexagonoptera (Mx.) C ig thy- rum acrostichoides (Sw.) Diels; Fig. 29. A. asplenioides ( +) Desv.; Fig. 30. A. oe (Willd.) Presl; Fig. 31. Polystichum acrostichoides (Mx.) Se TE 8, Fig. 32. peas rhizophyllus (L.) a Fig. 3 Athyrium pycnocarpon oe Tidestrom; Fig. 3 t digs Platyneuron (L,) Oakes; Fig. 35. A. Ruta-muraria bes Fig. 36. —" nodulosa (Mx.) Pec Fig. 37. Woodsia ilvensis (L.) ; Fig. 38. W. obtusa (Sp ees Torr.; Fig. 39. W. rags R. Br. ; Fig. 40. Pas aeg shay arsaleie (L.) JE . Sm.; Fig. 41. W. tirginiéa (L.) J. EB. BoTanican eae UNIversity or PENNSYLVANIA, DeEcEMBER, 1934. 6-86 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Annotations on West American Ferns--I. JOSEPH EWAN All collections cited where the collector’s name appears in italics in this and subsequent papers of this series have been examined by the author unless stated contrariwise. The Herbarium of the University of California has been freely consulted. References to the literature not found in the appended bibliography herewith are given in the author’s last paper in the Amer. FERN Journal (24: 8-9). To the friends who have materially aided my studies I am sincerely grateful. Dr. H. L. Mason, Assistant Curator of the University of California Herbarium, kindly permitted me to examine the pteridophytes in his private herbarium prior to placing them in the Univer- sity collections, with the additional privilege of segre- gating duplicates for my own herbarium. Mr. ward Lee, colleague at this University, has pointed out fresh trails often forgotten or overgrown to the crannied fern literature. Dr. Carl Epling, Mr. Frank W. Peirson of Altadena and Mr. Louis Wheeler have continued to favor me with herbarium material. By the kindness of Mr. Peirson I was able to check certain collections in his private herbarium. CHEILANTHES GRAcILLIMA D. C. Eaton. This fern is now known to range rather continuously along the Sierra Nevada to Tulare County. Two unrecorded stations located midway between Mariposa County, where it has been long known, and Tulare County, where recently reported by me (1931, 107), are both situated in the drainage of Middle Fork of Kings River, Fresno C0., precisely at Simpson’s Meadows, 6000 ft., Peirson 2332 in 1913 and Grouse Meadows, 8250 ft., Peirson 1505 in 1917. Smiley’s (1921, 73) statement of range to include West AMERICAN FEerRNs—I 87 ‘southern California’’ was, I believe, a slip, at present unvalidated by specimens, Tulare County being its south- ernmost limit in California. NoTHoLAENA LEMMonrI D. C. Eaton. Kearney (1929, 70) has drawn attention to certain relationships between Lower Californian species of flowering plants and closely related or identical species growing in central Arizona. Members of the genera Maurandya (Scrophulariaceae) and Colubrina (Rhamnaceae) were pointed out as simi- larly occurring about midway along the Gulf of Calli- fornia side of the peninsula and in Fish Creek Canyon, northeastern Maricopa Co., Arizona. Notholaena Lem- moni among ferns presents a somewhat different but related variant to this problem of plant geography. First described and long known from Arizonan collee- tions, it may be definitely assigned to the Lower Cali- fornia flora on the basis of four collections from the southern half of the peninsula enumerated below. All these stations fall within the ‘‘southern or Sinaloan province’’ of Johnston (1924, 958), being a somewhat emended phytogeographie concept of Goldman’s (1916, 310), and, the first locality excepted, all fall within Brandegee’ s ‘Cape Region’’ (1892, 223) or distribute themselves between the ‘‘Cape Sierran’’ of ‘‘Comundé districts of Johnston (1924, 960). T. S. Brandegee has primly tabulated (1892, 230-231) the relationships of the Cape Region flora with northern Baja California and the mainland of Mexico. Of the 22 Filices credited to the Cape Region, but not there enumerated, all but one (endemic) are also Mexican mainland species. The rela- tionships of the peninsular flora to that immediately to the north, the Californian, has long been recognized and is well summarized by Brandegee (1893, 199 et seq.). But an unworked project that should prove provocatively interesting is the tabulation of Arizonan floristic affinities 88 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL as an additional column to Brandegee’s table. This Arizona-Lower California alliance is a ecross-eurrent to the better-known ‘‘mexikanisch-kalifornische Xerophy- tenflora’’ alliance of Christ (1910, 275). The Sonoran or Mexican mainland relationships to the California flora are generally led forth, often as tributary arguments to a discussion of the derivation of the latter flora, rather than as factors concerning the peninsular relationships meriting special consideration. Mexico is taken to cover the peninsula when the factors are not uniform. Neither Christ, Brandegee nor Johnston draw comparisons be- tween the Baja Californian and Arizonan (as wholly apart from the Californian) floras. Johnston (1924, 963) lists nine species ‘‘which range the entire length of Lower California and into California and Arizona”’ but of these all are known from California as well as Arizona. I have examined four collections of N. Lemmoni from Lower California, all made by T. S. Brandegee, at the following places: Comondu Viejo (lat. 26° 5’), 16 U 1889 (UC) ; Todos Santos (lat. 23° 27’), 20 I 1890 (UC) (with coll. no. 659—Brandegee rarely gave his collec- tions, extensive as they were, either field or herbarium numbers) ; Mt. San Lazaro (lat. 23° 12’), 10 X 1893 - (UC) ; San Jose del Cabo (lat. 23° 3”), 10 LX 1890 (UC). Brandegee’s record (1889, 214) of this fern from ‘‘ Purl- sima’’ I find unsubstantiated in the Brandegee Herba- rium here. Perhaps his material is preserved only in the Eaton Herbarium at Yale. The first three localities often do not appear on atlas maps at hand. For locating these and other Lower California localities I have found Eisen and Vaslit’s ‘‘Map of Cape Region’’ (Proce. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, vol. 5, pl. 73. 1895) clear and detailed. For the entire peninsula the ‘‘Map of Baja California”’ (ibid., pl. 72) compiled by the same workers is excellent. West AMERICAN FERNsS—I 89 For frequent reference to the geography of Baja Cali- fornia I have found the ‘‘gazeteer [sic] of localities’’ prepared by Joseph Grinnell (1928, 19) highly useful. Though expressly not intending to be a ‘‘general gaza- teer’’ this will be found to include most of the localities sought. The latitude figures given above are in all cases fide Grinnell. With the increasing refinement of our knowledge of the peninsular flora it seems distinetly de- sirable to abandon the mere citation of a vacant-sounding locality name and substitute the practice of assigning the plant to a district, oriented further most practicably per- haps by designation of latitude (a practice now being taken up by entomologists and other biologists for cita- tion of locality). Through its five hundred miles (roughly) of latitudinal extent Lower California pre- sents a biologically diverse country, too often considered an extralimital ‘‘tail-end’’ of a more important life area to the north. OpHIOGLOssUM ENGELMANNI Prantl. Wherry (1926, 2) calls attention to the inclusion of California in the range of this species as given ‘‘in Gray,’’ precisely Gray’s Manual, ed. 7, p. 47, 1908. Maxon (1913, 2) has maintained the limits of the species to be Arizona- on the west, following the earlier statement (1901, 624) and correspondingly was not concerned with it in his latest Summation of the Pacific Coast ferns (1923, 2). Au- thentie Lower California collections are: El Taste, (about lat. 23° 10’), 7. Brandegee 13 IX 1893 (UC) and Sierra de San Francisquito (about lat. 23° 30’), T. Brandegee 18 X 1890 (his no. 671 at UC). I have not yet seen California collections. The species is easily recognized by its cuspidate sterile frond. “‘Ophioglossum nudicaule”’ given in Carlotta C. Hall’s (1917, 155) check-list as occurring ‘‘near San Diego”’ is O. californicum Prantl. Early collections, as Cleve- 90 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL land’s and Lemmon’s distributions, often bear the name **O. nudieaule.’’ See E. G. Britton (1897, 556) where this name appears in synonomy under O. californicum as of such San Diegan collections believed to be O. nudi- caule. For further notes see Munz and Johnston (1922, 12: 119). The only southern California species of Ophioglossum yet discovered, therefore, is O. califor- nicum Prantl known from the mesas about San Diego north to Temecula Canyon, Riverside County. Wiggins (1932, 36) records notes of interest on this plant. OPHIOGLOSsUM vuLGATuM L. E. G. Britton (1897, 553) was apparently the first botanist to report this species for California. In her general introduction she commented, ‘‘Blasdale has collected what appears to be this species in California’’ and within the description of the species merely noted ‘‘also in California.’’ Under- wood (1900, 67) repeated the last phrase without com- ment when giving the range. Gilbert (1901, 12) lists ‘‘Cala.’? by name only. Maxon (1901, 624) gives only Britton’s original phrase, ‘‘also in California.’’ Parish (1904, 4) first questioned the California record as fol- lows: ‘‘Ophioglossum vulgare L. [sic]—A specimen of this species is said to have been collected somewhere in California, but its authenticity is doubtful.’’? _Subse- quently by an examination of a specimen at the Univer- sity of California Mrs. Hall was able to reinstate this plant in her check list (1917, 155), adding the locality ‘‘Siskiyou County’’ for she had discovered the Blasdale collection here. The sheet bears an annotation label in Mrs. Britton’s hand, as follows: ‘‘these fronds are young and the venation obscure but appears to be unequal with 1 fine (? as to my deciphering) veinlet. Not unlike 0. vulgatum but broader—spores .030-.040, reticulated with raised ridges.’’ The original herbarium (form label reads ‘‘ Ophioglossum vulgatum L. In open swamp West AMERICAN FERNS—I 91 near Sisson, Siskiyou Co., July 25, 1894. Small form. W. C. Blasdale.’’ Sisson is a town at an elevation of 3550 ft. (now called Shasta City—on the Klamath Natl. Forest Map, 1921—or Mt. Shasta—on Shasta Natl. For- est Map, 1927—the latter place name for the town should be suppressed!) The Blasdale collection may be consid- ered this species until more material comes to hand. Of the three fronds on the sheet the blade of the largest is broadly ovate, rounded at apex, 45 x 20 mm., of the char- acteristic vulgatum aspect, but as Mrs. Britton pointed out it is ‘‘broader’’ than usual. There is no other Cali- fornia collection in the University of California Her- barium—Collectors! verbum sapienti. PELLAEA FLEXUOSA (Kaulf.) Link. Upon a misdeter- mination of what was most likely Pellaea andromedae- folia momentum was given to a report of P. flexuosa for California which recurred in the literature until 1917; thirty-nine years after the mistake was made by D. C. Eaton. In the Ferns of North America (p. 208, 1878— for the date cf. Rhodora 20: 75) Eaton gave the range of Pellaea flexuosa as ‘‘from Austin, Texas, to San Diego County, California,’ without mention of collections Specifically. However, he dropped California from the range in his conspectus, ‘‘Ferns of the Southwest’’ (1879, 324) and added a sentence which accounts, I be- lieve, for his earlier statement: ‘‘oecasionally there are large- -pinnuled plants of P. andromedaefolia . . . whic bear a considerable resemblance to the present species.’’ The Botany of California aparece: the following year with Eaton’s clear pronouncement: ‘‘oeceurs in Arizona and may yet be discovered in the southern part of Cali- fornia’? (1880, 341). Neither Jones’ nor Lemmon’s annotated lists of west American ferns appearing two years later carried California records for this species. Underwood (1900, 101) notwithstanding exhumed the 92 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL California record and Maxon (1901, 634) and Gilbert (1901, 18) sustained Underwood’s statement. Parish, aware of these records, was decidedly skeptical of their validity and wrote (1904, 9) to the effect that although “*__Pellaea flexuosa Link. has been credited to Califor- nia, .. . the reference is almost certainly erroneous.”’ To the best of my knowledge this San Diego County ree- ord appeared for the last time in Carlotta C. Hall’s check list (1917, 157). No mention of this old record has appeared in the three accounts expressly concerning the ferns of that county, viz. Kimball (1911), Wiggins (1932) and Cota (1933). Parish’s conelusion stands and that Peliaea flexuosa will ever be discovered a mem- ber of the California fern flora is further highly improb- able. Bearing in mind the nature and composition of the floras of Arizona and California there comes a defi- nite sense of what may and may not be expected in either flora as a contribution from the other. Such a Middle- American element as this fern is very unlikely to appear in California. Any collection which may be located in Eastern herbaria labelled as this species should be care- fully scrutinized and even should it prove to be P. fleru- osa a confusion of labels is to be certainly considered a likelihood. When Pellaea andromedaefolia grows in a more pro- tected situation, as beneath shelving rocks, the pinnules become unusually large and more orbicular in contour— ‘‘more herbaceous’’ and often unlike the familiar xero- phyte commonly met with. It is this ecological phase, which Moxley (1915, 107) described as P. rafaelensis (subsequently discussed by Maxon (1916, 67) and be- lieved to be an ecological variant of the common species of the southern California foothills), which most prob- ably was named by Prof. Eaton, at a time when far less was known of the range of normally expected variation West AMERICAN FERNS—I 93 in our southwestern ferns, Pellaea flexuosa. This record must be relegated, along with that of Adiantum tricho- lepis from Monterey and others, to the hypothetical list of California ferns. Potypopium Scoutert Hook. & Grev. Although the reference was at hand I recently neglected to mention Parish’s paper (1901) on the occurrence of ‘‘characteris- tie’? Polypodium Scouleri on Santa Cruz Island. Parish received the Yates August, 1893, collection (a duplicate sheet of which I examined at the Los Angeles County Museum) and concluded that it constituted valid mate- rial, though ‘‘smaller than most mainland specimens’’ from more northern localities. PoLysticHumM ———————?_ In the study of tropical floras the investigator must often be content to learn the characters of the plants before him from few and frag- mentary collections, representing plants which further- more may not again be detected for decades or, as with the peculiar burmanniads of Amazonas, indeed not so far rediscovered. In these instances the publication of a Species as new on the basis of a single collection is justi- fied, whereas with the fern flora of Washington state one would incline, at this advanced stage in its investigation, to hesitate seriously at such a procedure. A collection, unique in my experience, made at Liberty Lake, Spokane Co., Washington, near the Idaho state line, by A. M. Johnson 11 V 1913 (UCLA) has a polystichoid indusium (nearest P. munitum) and the habit and segmentation Suggestive of Dryopteris oreopteris lacking the pinnatifid character of that species. It is unlike Polystichum Andersoni. More material from this locality may show it to be an outlying form of some well-known fern. REFERENCES Nor HERETOFORE LISTED 1879. Eaton, D. C. Ferns of the Southwest. In Report U. S. Geog. Surv. West of 100th Merid. 6: 301-340. (‘‘ Bot. 1900. 1901. 1901. 1901. 1904. 1910. 1913. 1915. 1916. AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL ilar Survey’’). Appeared in May, 1879, though dated 1878; cf. Maxon, Proc. U. 8. Natl. Mus 23: 622. . Brandegec, “I. 8. Calton of Plants from ee Califor- nia. Proce. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, 2: Di eaten of the Flora ae the ie Region of Baja California. Zoe 3 231. Southern Extension of the California Flora. Zoe 4: 199-210. Britton, E. G. A Revision of. North American Species of Crlinnieecmn. Bull. Torr. Club 24: 545-559. pls. 318- S19: Underwood, L. G. Our rasp Ferns and their Allies. ed. -6. Henry Holt, New Yor Gilbert, Benjamin D. era List of North American Pteridophytes (north of Mexico). 40 pp. L. C. Childs & Son, Utica, ree York Maxon, W. R. A List of the Ferns and Fern Allies of North America north of Mexico, with Principal Synonyms and Distribution. Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus. 23: 619-651. Parish, S. B. Southern Extension of the Range of Poly- podium Scouleri. Fern Bull. 9: 40-42. —__—_—_—_—— Fern Flora of California. Fern Bull. 12: 1-15, Christ, H. Die pacha: der Farne. 357 pp. 3 maps. Gustav Fischer, Jen Maxon, W. R. Pieritphyi eae Equisetaceae and Isoetaceae). In Britton & B Sia trated Flora of Northern U. S. and ie — Moxley, George L. Pellaea rafalnsi Sp. Nov. AM. FERN Jour. 5: 107-108. pl. Goldman, Edward A. Plant Sight of an Expedition to Lower California. Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 16: 309-371. 29 pls. a m . Maxon, W. R. oe on American Ferns: X. AM. FERN Jour. 6 5-68. . Hall, Carlotta C. Polypodiaceae (p. 155-159) in Le Pr. B. Amn otated List of the Wild Flowers of Californt Lovins Printing Co., San Francise . Smiley, F. J. Report upon the ‘eccea! Flora of the Sierra upon Nevada of California. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 9: 1-423. 7 pis. List OF VARIETIES AND F'orMS 95 1924. Johnston, I. M. The Botany (Vascular Plants) of the Ex- pedition of the California Academy of Science to the Gulf of California in 1921. Proe Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 4, 12: 951-1218. ma 1926. Wherry, E. T. ped Reaction celngus of Three Adder’s- Tongues. AM N JOU I-32. 1928. Grinnell, Jaseol grins Summation of the Ornith- ogy of Lower ses ag Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool. 32: 19-32 for the gazette 1929. Kearney, Thomas H. ‘Plant s of Lower Californian Rela- tionship in Central ea: Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 19: 70-71. 1933. Cota, F. M. Further Notes on the Pteridophytes a noe Diego County, California. AM. Fern Jour. 23: 77- UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY. A List of Varieties and Forms of the Ferns of Eastern North America (continued from p. 51) OPHIOGLOSSACEAE (cont.) BorrycHiuM MULTIFIDUM (Gmelin) Ruprecht, ey trage zur Pflanzenkunde des russischen Reiches (1859). Osmunda m. Gmelin, Novi Commentarii 12: fey i eoooanaes to the followin NTERMEDIUM (D. C. Eat ion) Farwell, Report Michigan: Academy Sciences ‘et a ( “pein B. ter- natum, var. australe, subvar n, Ferns of North America 1: 149, pl. 22 ( 1879). epics the ulti- mate segments not crowded, tending to be narrowly ovate or even oblong and = acute. Mostly more southern than the preceding, but eGatice across the continent to northern California, A north to Alaska. 96 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Although these two freely intergrading variants have been treated as species, they have never been clearly dis- tinguished except on the very unsatisfactory basis of Size; it is doubtful if they are more than states of the same thing induced by more or less favorable conditions of growth. B. obliquum matricarioides Gilbert, Fern Bulletin 11: 99 (1903) is only a renaming of B. matri- cariae Schrank. B. multifidum, var. australe Farwell, l. ¢., applies to large individuals of var. intermedium; the name australe properly belongs to an Australian plant and should not be used for any American form. B. multifidum, var. dichotomum Farwell, 1. ¢., fig. 13, is an abnormal branched condition, with two large fruiting panicles and one small one and a much dwarfed sterile blade. BOTRYCHIUM VIRGINIANUM (Linnaeus) Swartz, Sichias der’s Journal for 1800, part 2: 111 (1801). Osmunda v.. Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1064 (1753). In Rhodora 19: 207-216 (1917) Prof. F. K. Butters published a de- tailed study of varieties of this species. His key, so far as it applies to the plants of eastern North America, is here given with his statements of the ranges of the varie- ties interpolated. A. Ripe sporangia straw-colored, opening but slightly im dehiscence, vai walls composed of regular cells. B. Sporangia 1-1.8 mm. long; segments of sterile frond overlapping. ee tauniias d to Labrador, Maine Michigan ar. laurentianum Butters not overlapping. Nova Scotia and New England to Illinois and Missouri. var, intermedium Butters AA. Ripe iia a brown, opening rather ay in eee r walls co Bh SOR at least in part i C. C. Sporangia not over 0.8 mm. long, on doi concolor- ous, their valves recurved in dehise B. siruani (typical) List oF VARIETIES AND ForMS 97 CC. Sporangia 0.7-1.2 mm. long, their valves light brown with darker margin, usually not recurved in de hiscence. Quebee and New Hampshire to British Columbia; also in Europe, where rare. var, europaeum sreagielrae I have to confess that of these, var. ewropaeum Ang- strom, Botaniska Notiser (1854) : 68, is the only one I can clearly make out and that I suspect the color and degree of gaping of the sporangia is merely a matter of age. I should prefer to unite vars. ewropaewm and laurentianum and merge var. intermedium with the typical form. e€ Single variety thus set up would be distinguished by its less dissected; comparatively thick and firm-textured sterile blade and by its generally large sporangia. Var. gracile (Pursh) Lawson, Edinburgh New Philo- sophical Journal, new series, 19: 284 (1864), is, as D. C. Eaton long ago pointed out, only a juvenile or depau- perate state. OPHIOGLOssuM vULGATUM Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1062 (1753).—Sterile blade at ng “above the middle of the ee sessile, veined dah rege popopuM Blak Rhodor: i a6. 87 (1913).— Sterile | pads narrowed alee to a stalk-like base 4 to 4 as “pas as the blade pies NCEOLATUM (Clut e) pie 0. l. Clete. eis Bulletin 19: 72 (19 11) es pi re narrowed base toon elongated, more than twice as long as ge we sont a ee G. ore” Clute, es Ferns in inet? Heante 4 316 (1901). O. a. G. Bri n, Bulletin Torrey Botanical Club 24: ee pei 318 "(1897) _ =e phone ore narrowly aces porne below the middle 0. € Of the above, f. lanceolatum is probably a response to conditions of growth—the attempt of the plant to raise its leaf into the light when growing among tall grasses. 98 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL F. arenarium, though described under various names by several botanists in America and Europe, is regarded by both Clute and Blake as only a starved condition. F. pusillum (Raf.) House, Bulletin New York State Mu- seum 243-244: 42 (1923), is also, on Dr. House’s testi- mony, a still more starved or perhaps a juvenile state. It has a tiny sterile blade often less than } inch long and + wide. OSMUNDACEAE OSMUNDA REGALIS Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1069 (1753). —Fertile pinnae without leaf- tissue; rachis of fruiting panicle with numerous black hairs. "Buropean ; not in America. Var. sPECTABILIS (Willdenow) Gray, Manual, ed. 2: 600 (1856). O. s. Willdenow, Species Plantarum 5: 98 (1810) —Fruiting panicle terminal, without leaf-tissue, almost without hairs; pinnules rather far apart, oblong- oval to lanee- oblong, not lobed except sometimes for a small basal auricle. F. anomata (Farwell) Harris, Rhodora 35: 352 (1933). O. r. subvar. a. Farwell, American Midland Naturalist 12: 307 (1931) —Fertile Lee irregularly distributed, often only incompletely F. tinearis Clute, Fern Bulletin 17, ory (1909). —Pin- nules linear, conspicuously auricled and with wavy mar- gins ; fertile panicle partly leaf-like and with sporangia borne i in loose clusters, simulating sori, on the un nder surface F. a cuLaTa Clute, op. cit. 14: 115 ( cee —Pin- nules wana os circular in outline or heart-shaped OsMUNDA CLAYTONIANA Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1066 (1753).—Blade broadly lanceolate ; pinnae with numerous, closely contiguous, ovate to oblong, entire pin- nules all in one plane. F. pusra (Grout) Clute, Fern Bulletin 13: 119 (1905). O. C. var. d. Grout in Gilbert, List North American Piesidoph ba 28 (1901) —Pinnules widely poner’, the outer elongated and regularly pinnatifid with se eral pairs of lobes. List oF VARIETIES AND FoRMS 99 F. Macxrana Kittredge, AMERICAN FERN JourNaL 12: d7, pls. 3 & 4 (1922). —Blade narrowly lanceolate, the upper pinnae not over 2 in. long, their pinnules few, more or less triangular, chai in different planes and often: with 1-3 irregular lobes OSMUNDA CINNAMOMEA Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1066 (1753) —Fertile and sterile fronds quite distinct ; Segments of sterile pinnae entire, oblong, crowded, no ot over } in. wide, usually 15 or more pairs, syne rather thin and 1 translucent wool of tie ete., a4 rown. F 48 : 12 (1931). O.c. var. a. Hopkins, AmeRIcAN FERN JouR- Nau 1: 100 (1911) riot segments on the pea er side or rarely on both sides of each pinna much elongated and deeply and sharply toothed, other segments normal, or nearly so F. tctsa (J. W. cee a Gilbert, List North American Pteridophytes 13, 28 (1901). O. c. var. i. J. - Huntington, Fern Bulletin 7: 12 (1899) py eS, or most of them, acutely toothed or lobed. F. BIPINNATIFIDA Clute, Fern Bulletin 15: 17 (1907). —Similar to the preceding, but the teeth or lobes obtuse. F. LaviprnnuLa Blake, Rhodora 15: 155 (1913).—Seg- 1a i a triangular, nearly an inch broad, only ou naked veinlets which arise e from t e lower surface. - FRONDOSA (Torrey & Gray) siege Catalogue Plants of ta pte 312 (1890). 0. c. var. f. Torrey vey New York 4: 190 (18% 40). —Fertile frond partly dl the fertile and sterile pinnae Se, ae r. GLANDULOSA ere Fern Bulletin 10: 21 (1902). Geeine nts and upper part of rachis glandular-pubes- cent. Rhode Toland Ag Maryland. 100 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Var. IMBRICATA Seetnti Milde, Monographia Generis Osmundae, 95 (1868) (as defin ed by Fernald, Rhodora 32:75 (1930)). O.7%. Kunze, Farnkriuter, "2: 29, pl. 112 (1849) —Segments rather thick, opaque; wool brown or reddish. Pld and subtropical portions of the south- ern Stat (To be seiehales et. Gray HERBARIUM, CAMBRIDGE, Mass. Recent Fern Literature The appearance of the third supplement to Christen- sen’s Index Filicum is an event of high importance to all students of ferns (though perhaps only the professional taxonomist can fully appreciate the immense usefulness of the work), and a cause of congratulation to them as well as to the author. Like the other parts of the Index, this is a very thor- ough, careful and (backed as it is by Dr. Christensen’s long experience and expert knowledge of ferns) intelli- gent and authoritative bibliography. It covers the years 1917 to 1933 inclusive, bringing the record to within a few months of the date of issue (Oct., 1934). In its clear typography and general format it is like the earlier sup- plements; it is unlike them in that corrections, in them placed in a separate section, are here inserted in their proper alphabetical places along with newly recorded names—an arrangement which makes for convenience. It also has what the other supplements did not have—@ revised systematic list of genera, in which the results of recent studies are taken into account. Few of the resultant changes affect the names of ferns of the United States; some, which have been pretty gen- erally adopted here, are not taken up. For instance, Matteuccia Todaro Sic is retained in place of Pteretis Recent Fern LITERATURE 101 Raf. (1818). The reason for this is not obvious. Pteretis was proposed as a substitute for Struthiopteris Willd., which is rendered illegitimate by two earlier uses of the name. Rafinesque, to be sure, apparently did not know that Willdenow’s name was untenable and rejected it for purely philological reasons ; but since it was illegiti- mate his substitute should, it would seem, be accepted, regardless of his motives in putting it forward. Dryopteris is, reasonably enough, retained in place of Thelypteris, because of majority usage and because of the great number of new combinations which the adoption of the latter for the whole huge genus would require—com- binations, moreover, which would be only temporary if the genus were to be divided, as Dr. Christensen believes it should be and will be. Following general American usage, Tectaria is taken up in place of Aspidium (of the Index, not of Gray’s Manual, which is equivalent to Dryopteris). Phyllitis is still ascribed to Ludwig (1757) ; it was actually first published by Hill, British Herbal 525 (1756). His pub- lication is not only a year earlier than Ludwig’s, but is much clearer, the hart’s-tongue being mentioned and illustrated as the sole species of the genus, whereas Ludwig has only a general statement which might apply to almost any simple-leaved fern. Bommeria, typified by B. pedata and including B. hispida of the southwest- ern United States, is segregated from Gymnopteris of the original Index. The order of genera shows a number of changes in detail, though the main groupings of the Dielsian arrangement are retained.’ Sefior Looser has investigated the identity of the hith- erto doubtful Gleichenia Bibreae Mett., which he consid- —_____ a Christensen, C. Index Filixum Supplementum tertium pro annis 1917-1933. Hafniae, Oct., 1934. 219 pp. 102 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL ers to be the same as G. quadripartita. He adds a clear and excellent little synopsis of the four species of Gleichenia known to oceur in Chile, with eritical eom- ment and citation of specimens.? Some MisueapiIne Maps or FEern-DistrisutTion.—The making of maps showing the distribution of native plants is a fascinating occupation, but unless based on trustworthy data, such maps should not be published. A recent article on fern culture’ includes a series of maps evidently based on the generalized statements of range in manuals compiled a generation ago, and these give such a misleading idea of the actual ranges in several cases that some comment on them seems necessary. **Asplenium filix-femina—Lady fern.’’ The context shows that the studies described were made on the north- eastern Upland Lady fern, Athyrium angustum; the cul- tural data are accordingly not applicable to the Lowland Lady fern, A. asplenioides, nor to the western Lady fern, A, filix-femina. The range shown is a composite of these three, but omits Florida, where the second grows, and New Mexico, Colorado, Wyoming, Idaho, and Alaska, where the third is well known, as shown by local floras. On the other hand, the dots extend across the plains of southern Canada, where none of the three is recorded. Dicksonia punctilobula; now placed in the genus Denn- staedtia. Known in Arkansas, but not shown there on the map. : Onoclea sensibilis. Grows in Texas, from which the map excludes it. ‘*Pteris aquilina—Brake.’’ Shown as ranging prac- tically throughout North and Central America, but this 2 Looser, G. Sobre Gleichenia Bibreae y sobre las Gleicheniaceas ehilonss © en general. Revista Universitaria 19: 761-775, pl. 1934 3 American ferns—how to grow and use them. Edith A. Roberts: Nat. Hort. Mag. 14: 105. 1935. REcENT FERN LITERATURE 103 range actually represents three or four species, and the cultural directions apply only to the northeastern one, now generally known as Pteridium latiusculum— Bracken. Asplenium platyneuron. Shown to range throughout the Great Plains, where it is unknown, also too far north of Lake Superior but not far enough south in Florida. A. trichomanes. Mapped in many regions where ab- sent, such as Florida, the coastal portions of Gulf states, the Great Plains and southwestern deserts, southern Cali- fornia, Labrador, ete. ‘«Polypodium vulgare.’’ Now classed as P. virgini- anum, to which the cultural directions apply. Known beyond the range shown in several states. Woodsia ilvensis. Shown as ranging much too far south, to central Georgia, whereas it is not known south of Ashe, a north-border county of North Carolina. Polystichum acrostichoides. Known considerably be- yond the range shown, in all directions. It seems a pity that the money wasted on publishing such meaningless maps could not have been available for the compilation of some accurate information as to where our ferns really grow.—Epe@ar T. Wuerry, Philadelphia, a. The genus Diellia is one of many groups of plants which are found only in the Hawaiian Islands. Some eight species have been described ; but they show so much variation in leaf-form and are so rare and represented by So little material in herbaria that their validity, and in- deed the proper systematic position of the genus as a whole, are still in doubt. Miss Smith has found the at- tempt to align them discouraging. Only three of the eight species have been at all freely collected or can still be found and they show great variation, much of which 104 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Miss Smith believes due to ecological responses. She thinks the genus is dying out; its problems may never be settled.* Shorter Notes How to Tre~L WoopsiA OBTUSA FROM CYSTOPTERIS FRAGILIS.—In a former article in the Fern JourNAL I questioned the worth of indusium characteristics—‘‘ star- shaped’’—as the most satisfactory detail for separating Woodsia obtusa from Cystopteris fragilis. This frequent use of the indusium in fern ‘‘keys’’ had led me to wonder if there is something sacred about the indusium and if it really is the genetic key to variations, or whether, after the fable of ‘‘star-shaped indusium’’ had been invented by some astronomical pteridologist, later authors did not take the trouble to question its validity. For many fern lovers the indusium is as inscrutable as a violet’s beard. In that article I said that Woodsia obtusa could be separated from Cystopteris by the ‘‘hairs’’ on the stalks. These ‘‘hairs’’ are really small scales about 24 mm. long and less than 1 mm. wide. They are sparsely scattered along the entire stipe. These are so evident that microscopic examination is unnecessary. With the use of a small hand lens it ean also be distinguished from C. fragilis by what look like tiny hairs on the stipe, but which, Mr. Weatherby tells me, are ‘‘stipitate glands.”’ In ‘‘How to Know the Ferns’’ Mrs. Parsons says of these ferns, ‘‘diffieult to distinguish were it not for the difference in the indusium.’? The key to the Woodsia in the ‘‘Fern Lover’s Companion’’ separates W. obtusa with ‘‘fronds without hairs.’’ Although this is true if one is keen enough to distinguish between ‘‘stipitate 4Smith, Frances Grace. Diellia and its Variations. Occas. Papers Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 10, no. 16: 1-22, 7 pls. 1934. SHorTER NOTES 105 glands’’ and ‘‘hairs,’’ it is a misleading key character- istic. Even the key to the 7th edition of Gray labels W. obtusa ‘‘fronds never chaffy.’’ In the glossary of this book, ‘‘chaffy’’ is defined as having ‘‘dry minute seales,’’ exactly what is seen on the stalks of this fern. With such unsatisfactory and unreliable descriptions of this fern, I again question the continuance of this fallacy of the difficulty of separating it from C. fragilis, and statements that the best means for identification are indusium characteristics. Most popular handbooks for ferns have been written by people with great enthusiasm who have, however, been obliged to rely for description on authority long ago found erroneous. If one could only slip Waters’ fern book into his pocket, it would make a most satisfactory guide, although his ‘‘stipe char- acteristics’ are not-definite enough in many cases for popular use. What a priceless treasure would be a fern book like the ‘‘ Field Book of American Wild Flowers’’ by F. Schuyler Mathews, who is both an accurate author oe an enthusiastic naturalist!—W. L. Drx, Trenton, J. Furtuer Notes on THE Hart’s Tonave.—During the past three years I have been watching some of the central . New York colonies of Phyllitis Scolopendrium, and have been dismayed to note their gradual depletion. The last of the Green Lake station was wiped out by the activities _ of the Solvay Company during the spring of 1934. That at Chittenango Falls has suffered considerably. When I first visited it in 1931, the rocky slope down which the trail passes on the west side of the gorge was dotted with luxuriant plants. Last November, in company with Dr. William F. Langworthy, my colleague emeritus, William H. Jones, one of my students, and his father, I attempted to show the station to Mr. S. Fred Wright, a visiting fern 106 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL enthusiast. To my chagrin, the Hart’s Tongues on this rock slide had practically vanished. Careful search by all the members of our party revealed only four or five plants, all in poor condition. We continued down the gorge and found that the talus below the exposed cliff that faces the stream about a hundred yards beyond the descending trail still harbored a considerable number of plants, perhaps fifty in all. Many of these, however, were also in poor condition, with only a few short fronds still green, and many withered ones about the base of the plants. The sad reduction in numbers of this famous fern at this equally famous locality is due, I believe, to two causes. In the first place, the summers’ of 1933 and 1934 were both abnormally dry. Scolopendrium, fond as it is of cool, moist climates, was probably the first species to suffer, and the appearance of most of the plants indi- cated that many of the fronds had recently withered. Secondly, the C.C.C. camp at the falls has undertaken to beautify the gorge, and in doing so has removed underbrush and small trees from about the Hart’s Tongues, exposing them to more light and heat than ever. We can only hope that favorable weather and freedom from human molestation in the summers to come will save this famous station. Last October, while gathering Walking Fern and Narrow-Leaved Spleenwort in a small ravine just north of Stockbridge Falls, Munnsville, I was surprised to come across two plants of Scolopendrium. I do not know whether or not these were transplanted here from the Jamesville station. If so, they are doing very well in their new home. If not, the natural range of the Hart’s Tongue in Central New York can be extended eastward about twenty miles—G. Lepyarp Stepsins, JR., Colgate University. AMERICAN FERN Society 107 American Fern Society The following extract from a letter to one of the editors should interest our members: “‘T have been collecting for a number of years and have about 120 of our 140 varieties growing. My garden is only a hobby, and as some of the ferns require special - conditions I have not brought them in yet—namely, the Hymenophyllums, which require Wardian case condi- tions where I live near the sea and where we have very dry, hot summers. Mt. Egmont, an 8000-foot mountain, is only 20 miles away by a good tarred surface road, and in the dense rain-forest around its base the Hymenophyl- lums and Trichomanes flourish by the square yard. I have the tree ferns growing freely. Aspleniums of all varieties and many divergent forms do very well in a patch of hand-planted native bush. “‘Colleeting our native ferns has become very popular of recent years and quite a lot of people have made dug- outs and bush houses and have some fine collections. “T have about 20 exotics growing in a glass-covered dug-out, including many of the Adiantums and various Australian and English species, ete. ‘‘In writing to you I wonder if it would be asking too much to mention this to some fern enthusiast who is not too busy and get him to make up a pareel of dried fertile fronds of some of your easy-grown American ferns and post to me to have a try at raising them. On the damp banks in my dug-out a lot of the ferns come away spon- taneously, especially the Adiantums, so I think ferns of your climate would germinate freely under a piece of glass. . . . I make many happy exchanges and should be pleased to exchange any of our native ferns with some of your growers.’’—L. S. Mackie, Otakeho, Hawera, Taranaki, New Zealand. 108 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Mrs. Y. C. Lott, 1718 s. w. 23rd St., Miami, Florida, would like to exchange ferns with other members. On Sept. 15 there will be a joint Fern Society-Torrey Botanical Club field trip to Springdale, near Newton, New Jersey, led by Dr. Benedict. The locality is reached by automobile via route 6 to Netcong, thence route 31 to Springdale. Party will meet there at 10 A.M. Swamps in the vicinity and along the railroad north of Newton will be explored. Will members who can offer transportation for this trip send word to Dr. Svenson or Dr. Benedict how many extra passengers they can accommodate? Also, will members who would like to apply for transportation make known their wishes similarly? New members: Baird, Mrs. James, 34 Walworth Ave., Scarsdale, N. Y. Brooks, Arthur §., 132 East Center St., Marion, Ohio Leary, Miss Cathie M., Morristown, York Nyman, Mrs, Harriet Bi sia Beverley Ave., San — Cal. Renz, Dr. Herman A., 7 N. Paulina St., Chicaga, Changes of address: Brown, Hubert H., 9 Halford Ave., Toronto, Campbell, Miss Paws Fairbrook Farm North Pi renoil Mass. Hall, Mrs. Carlotta C., 2570 Cedar St., Berkeley, Cal. Slater, William A., c/o Gulf Refining Co., P. O. Box 1166, Pitts- urgh, THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB Including Bulletin, cairn and saa $5.00 a year ulletin. Monthly, tied Tuly, je and ee estab- labed wats Price se a year; single numbers 75 cents. Of forme: umes, only 24-47 can a “supplied separately. Manu- setipts intended for publication e BULLETIN rag i Amprican Fern Journal Vou. 25 OCTOBER-DECEMBER, 1935 No. 4 Describing Botrychiums K. W. GRAVES The Botrychiums seem to present one of the most com- plex problems that we have to deal with in the ferns, so many different views are held concerning the many Species and varieties. In corresponding with one author- ity on American ferns, I received this statement regard- ing Botrychium: ‘I am sorry that I am not able to reply more definitely to your questions; but, as you know, the group is one of very great difficulty, in which specific lines are not sharply drawn or, at least, are subject to highly varied interpretations by students of the group. Sa matter of fact, we have a great deal of material from the northeastern United States that is difficult to place satisfactorily.”’ few years ago a discussion was started in the JOURNAL as to whether B. dissectum was a valid species, and whether its spores would grow or not. Several were Willing to admit the fact that the spores would grow, but few would acknowledge it as a valid species. In my Investigations I have found that the spores of B. dissectum do grow here at the Bentonsport station and do produce true B. dissectum plants, yet I am sure that in the minds of some the question remains unsettled. There was a time when our ternate Botrychium group was known as B. lunarioides Sw. Later the name was Sry _ [Volume 25, No. 3 of the J ournal, pages 73-108, plates 5-8, was issued August 19, 1935.] 109 110 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL changed to B. ternatum Sw. More recent authors have divided the group into two subgroups, as B. ternatum var. intermedium and B. obliquum with several varieties. Some authors have used the name B. silaifolium Presl for the former. Rather recently Mr. Farwell has taken up the name B. multifidum var. intermedium for the plant formerly called B. ternatum var. intermedium. Perhaps students will eventually drop out the term multifidum, as it appears not unlikely that the ‘‘variety’’ will be considered a valid species, since it reproduces itself freely both in large colonies and as seattered indi- viduals widely separated from typical B. multifidum. Perhaps also the same will be true of var. oneidense, in time. I am informed that in certain localities oneidense is found growing in fair-sized colonies. . L. Dix, who spends his summer vacations at Lake Shehawien.| in the mountains of northeastern Penn- sylvania, has made there a considerable collection of the Botrychiums, which he kindly lent me for study. He has found var. oneidense to be the most common Botry- chium there. He reports B. obliquum as rare and B. dissectum as not found there by him at all. In his collection from that region B. multifidum var. inter- medium is not represented. In the last few years I have studied Botvyoktwn eriti- eally, using both living plants and herbarium specimens, and of late have been compelled to change some of my former views. For a long time we accepted the identi- fication of a plant found in the northeastern United States as B. ternatum var. intermedium D. C. Eaton, regarding B. ternatum (Thunb.) Sw. as found in Europe and possibly in Canada. But in 1910 one authority made the statement that B. ternatum is not found in America, and in recent correspondence with another specialist on ferns I have been informed that B. ternatum is not found DEscRIBING BotrycHIUMS ttt either in Europe or in America, and that the plant which we took to be B. ternatum is in reality B. multifidum (Gmel.) Rupr.; also that the variety should be called B. multifidum var. intermedium (D. C. Eaton) Farwell. After examining many specimens I too feel that we have nothing in America that I would refer to B. ternatum (Thunb.) Sw.; that is, in all the material I have exam- ined, and I have had access to many specimens from Canada, Alaska, Washington, and the northeastern states, and some also from Europe and Asia. I shall here make an effort to describe some of the species and varieties in a way that may help students to identify their finds in this group. It is hoped that the illustrations may be of assistance also. In treating the subject I shall deal only with members of the ternatum group, and shall consider only those of the eastern United States. I am aware that some of my conclusions will not be received by all; that some will still claim that most of this group should be classed under B. silaifolium Presl, and that others will continue to eall them varieties of B. ternatum. But it seems logical that, if B. ternatum is not represented in either Europe or America, we should dispense with the term ternatum and adopt multifidum, the one which does apply to the plant of cireumboreal regions. This, as found in northeastern America, is identical with the European plant; therefore, it is reasonable to call the variety found in the north- eastern states B. multifidum var. intermedium. I shall divide the group into two subdivisions, repre- Sented by B. multifidum and B. obliquum, as there are Striking characteristics which differentiate them. One feature which few seem to have noticed—and I consider it an essential point in dividing the group—is the frond coloring during the winter season. B.obliquum and its varieties, also B. dissectum and B. alabamense, 112 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL lose the chlorophyll of the frond tissues and usually take on a bronze color as cold weather advances, although if the plant is covered with leaves or grass this does not occur. In the spring, as warm weather approaches, the frond again takes on a green color. I have spent much time in the field and know this to be a fact. With B. multifidum var. intermedium this is not true, and I take it for granted that all the members of the multifidum group show the same tendency. I have grown var. intermedium in my garden for five years and find that through the winter season the plant is unchanged in color, remaining green all winter. Mr. F. G. Knowlton of Barksdale, Wisconsin, wrote me that his plants of iter- medium also retained their green color in winter, whereas those of B. dissectum turned a bronze or coppery color. My plants of intermedium turn yellow and die down as spring comes on, while the obliquum subgroup do not wither until July. It appears that this is because the new frond of B. multifidum var. intermedium starts through the ground in early spring, while B. obliquum and others of its subgroup never appear above ground until July or August. The time that growth starts should help one to distinguish between B. multifidum var. intermedium and B. obliquum. I find many confusing the two, but this should not be if we were acquainted with the plants in the field. I find that herbarium study is one way to determine a plant, and field study quite another way and oftentimes more reliable. Most stu- dents rely on the shape of the lobes, and that is quite a satisfactory way of determining their specimens. Often it is the only way we have to know a plant Botrychium multifidum (Gmel.) Rupr. is character- ized by having pinnae of close-set pinnules, oval in shape, slightly overlapping, or at least appearing to overlap in a pressed specimen. The stalk is — large and fleshy DEscRIBING BotRYcHIUMS 113 and in pressing becomes very wide. The range is north- eastern North America and northern Europe. (Fig. 1 was drawn from a Quebec specimen. ) Botrychium multifidum var. intermedium (D. C. Eaton) Farwell differs from the former in that the pinnules are not set closely together, but have wide sinuses. The lobes are oval in shape and do not overlap. The range is northeastern United States, extending south to northern Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. (Fig. 2 represents a Wisconsin Specimen. ) Botrychium multifidum var. oneidense (Gilbert) Far- well is similar to the former, except that its pinnules are always broadly oblong and blunt-pointed. The lobes are usually wide apart, but occasionally a specimen will be found with lobes partially overlapping (as in Fig. 4a). The range is similar to the former, specimens being re- ported from Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, New York, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. (Fig. 4a was drawn from a New York specimen. ) Botrychium silaifolium Presl, of the west coast of North America, in some cases quite closely resembles B. multifidum var. intermedium. Usually it ean be dis- tinguished by its triangular or deltiform lobes, but some- times a specimen is found with lobes that are obovate inform. ( Fig. 3 represents a specimen from Bremerton, Washington.) Botrychium obliquum Muhl. is characterized by having the Pinnules narrowly elongate-triangular in general form, tapering to a narrow point. It can always be told from B. multifidum var. intermedium, with which it is often confused, by its long, narrow, pointed lobes, inter- medium always having oval lobes. It ranges through the eastern United States as far north as northern Iowa, northern Illinois, southern Michigan, and New York, and AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VOLUME 25, PLATE 9 Fig. 1—BorrycHIUM MULTIFIDUM. Fic, 2.—B. MULTIFIDUM var, INTERMEDIUM. Fic. 3.—B. stuarrouiuM. (All one-half natural size. ) VoLUME 25, PLATE 10 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Ee 44—BorrycHIUM MULTIFIDUM VAR. ONEIDENSE. Fic. 4n.—B. OBLIQUUM | ‘AR PENNSYLVANICUM. Fic. 5.—B. oBLIQUUM. Fic. 6.—B. OBLIQUUM VAR. TENUI- | oe (All three-fifths natural size.) AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VoLUME 25, PLATE " Fic. 7.—BorTrycHIuM DISSECTUM. Fic. 8.—B. ALABAMENSE. Fic. naTuM. (All one-half natural size.) DeEscrising BotrycHiums 117 farther east its range extends to Quebec. Why it does not extend farther north in the western part of its range is not fully understood. Herbarium specimens do not show it to be a native of Minnesota or Wisconsin. (Fig. 5 was drawn from a specimen collected at Bentonsport, Towa. ) Botrychium obliquum var. tenuifolium (Underw.) Gilbert differs from the typical form of the species in having pinnae with few divisions only, the lobes being very thin in texture and usually oblong in shape, though Sometimes oval or nearly round. It is found in the Southeastern United States, where it grows with the typical form except in the southernmost part of its range. I have found the two growing together in northern Georgia and northern Alabama, but I have never found the variety in Tennessee or north of that state, though it has been reported farther north. (Fig. 6 was drawn from a specimen which I collected at Dahlonega, Georgia, where it was growing with the typical form.) Botrychium dissectum Spreng. can always be distin- guished from B. obliquum by its lobes being cut into rectangular segments, notched or dissected at the end. This is never true of obliquum; its lobes may be evenly notched, but are never deeply cleft into rectangular seg- ments. If one will remember this no trouble need be xperienced in telling the two apart. A specimen lying at on a sheet of paper may look like deeply serrate obliquum. Lift it between your eyes and a light, how- ever, and if it is dissectum you will at once note the rec- tangular lobes you did not observe before; if it is obliquum it will show no rectangular segments and will appear evenly serrate. B. dissectum occupies almost the Same range as B. obliquum, except that in the west it extends farther north, having been found in southern Minnesota and northern Michigan near the Wisconsin 118 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL line, where B. obliquum has not yet been reported. (Fig. 7 was drawn from a specimen which grew at Bentonsport, Iowa.) Botrychium obliquum var. pennsylvanicum Graves, var. nov.* In several places in Pennsylvania there has been found a variety that somewhat resembles B. multi- fidum var. oneidense, but differs in that its pinnules are broadly triangular instead of broadly oblong. It is undoubtedly a variety of B. obliquum, because it has B. multifidum var. intermedium. This variety has been found by Prof. W. L. Dix near Morrisville, Pennsylvania, and across the line in New Jersey. It was found also by Mr. Hans Wilkens in Berks County, by Prof. L. 8. Hopkins in Alleghany County, and by Mrs. Chas. Y. Tanger, in Lancaster County, all in Pennsylvania. Pro- fessor Hopkins has several sheets in his private her- barium, and I have specimens from the other collectors. It has never been found in the west. (Fig. 4b was made from Mrs. Tanger’s specimen. ) Botrychium obliquum var. oblongifolium Graves was illustrated in Vol. 21, no. 4 of the Journau. It is char- acterized by having oblong, blunt-pointed pinnules. The first two pairs of pinnae are divided into oblong pinnules; the remaining pinnae above are usually undivided and are oblong in shape. It has been found at two stations in Indiana by Mr. C. C. Deam, and by myself at Bentons- port, Lowa. In the southeastern United States there is a pair of Botrychiums which differ little in shape of frond, though notably in seasonal development. One starts growth in ~ 1 Botrychium obliquum Muhl., var. pennsylvanicum var. pinnulis late deltoideis. Type in ta herb. E, W. Graves, collected neat Morrisville, Pennsylvania, by W. L. Dix. DeEscRIBING BotrYCcHIUMS 119 July, the other not until December or January. They differ in frond-cutting from both B. multifidum and B. obliquum, but probably are more closely related to obliquum, since one of them, B. alabamense, loses the green coloring of the blade during cold weather and takes on a bronze color like B. obliquum. The other one, B. biternatum, does not do this, as it does not fully de- velop the blade until about the first of March. It withers and turns yellow before fall. B. alabamense probably Should be considered the purer type, as it seems to be more plentiful and of wider distribution than B. biter- natum, although the latter was discovered first. There is something peculiar about Botrychium species growing in pairs. Dr. R. C. Benedict noticed the fact and called attention to it in one of his papers. Thus, in the north we find B. multifidum var. intermedium and B. multifidum var. oneidense together, also B. obliquum and B. dissectum, and in the southeast B. alabamense and B. biternatum in association. Botrychium alabamense Maxon has lunulate or fan- Shaped pinnules and a long common-stalk. I have seen Specimens measuring eighteen inches high. Its range is in the Gulf and South Atlantic states. I found it at three Stations near Mobile, Alabama. Mr. F. W. Gray found it near Charlotte, North Carolina, and states that it was- common there. It has been reported from southern Georgia, and I believe that if careful exploration were made in northern Florida it could be found there, espe- cially around Tallahassee, where the country seems Suitable. Botrychium biternatum (Lam.) Underw. is very much like B. alabamense in cutting, the pinnules being fan- Shaped, but the common-stalk is so remarkably short that it barely lifts the blade off the ground. This plant dif- fers from B. alabamense in that it begins to show through 120 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL the ground in January. By March it is fully mature, and by fall has completely disappeared. B. alabamense starts growth in July and is fully mature in September, the fronds persisting until the next spring or early sum- mer. It appears that the separation has not been com- pletely perfected, however, as we find occasional plants that are not mature in late fall. I found one in Decem- ber with an immature fertile frond, and in Professor Hopkins’ herbarium there is a specimen collected by W. C. Dukes of Mobile, Alabama, that had an immature spike in October. It will take more field study with these two Botrychiums before this point can be settled. (Fig- ures 8 and 9 were drawn from specimens that I collected near Mobile, Alabama.) In conclusion, I wish to express my gratitude to Mrs. Weatherby for making the excellent drawings, and to Mr. Weatherby, Dr. Maxon, and others for help in pre- paring this paper. BENTONSPORT, IOWA. Live Fern Display at the Berkshire Museum, Pittsfield, Mass. Mary WHARTON MARTIN Thirty-six ferns and ten fern allies are represented - the Berkshire County Fern Exhibition assembled by Henry A. Francis, president of the Berkshire nea ’s board of trustees. Mr. Francis spent many hours this summer climbing mountains, wading through swamps and marshes, and traversing the most inaccessible parts of Berkshire County to acquire the lovely plants now to be seen in the Botany Room at the Museum. The ferns are arranged according to the groups given by Mrs. Frances Theodora Parsons (Dana) in her book, Live Fern Dispuay 121 ““How to Know the Ferns,’’ and all six groups are well represented. This book is placed on a table near the plants, so that interested visitors may compare live and pictured favorites. More technical works may be con- sulted by students. The rarest and most popular fern of the exhibit is Braun’s Holly Fern, which was found two years ago in the fastnesses of Mt. Greylock, where it required great patience and perseverance to locate it. Many people, however, prefer the box of tiny dainty spleenworts, backed by the sturdy polypody. Scott’s Spleenwort is placed between its parent species, the Walking Fern and the Ebony Spleenwort. Those visitors who enjoy size and magnificence in the fern world can turn to the case where are displayed the Royal, Ostrich, and Interrupted ferns. There are ferns for all tastes, and many viewers, at first casual, linger to admire and study. The ferns and fern allies exhibited are as follows: Adiantum pedatum. Maidenhair rou ebenoides Seott’s Spleenwort. platyneuron. Ebony acta wort nS Ruta-muraria. ~ Rue Splee: bien Maide Sok ak by mo Mountain Spleenwort “es ama cerita ilvery Spleenwo rrr Fern Cam ean ROB ing-f erteptoris bulbifera. paige Bladder Fern fragilis. Fragile Bladder Fern ee sensibilis. Sensitive Fern Pellaea atropurpurea Purp Brak olypodi ium vulgare. Common Polyp Polystichum acrostichoides. - Christmas Fern s Braunii. Braun’s Holly Fern Pteretis nodulosa. Ostrich Fern Pteridum latiusculum. Common Brake Thelypteris Boottii. Boott’s Shield Fern 122 Thelypteris cristata. ue af var. Clinto- niana. Dryopteris. Goldiana. hexagonoptera. marginalis. noveboracensis. palustris. Phegopteris. spinulosa LApiors: ilvensis, ob Us sitet cinnamomea Claytoniana. regalis var. spectabilis. rapid steapan: angustisegmentum ternatum var. in ae ce medium, — hyemale yar. affine. arvense. sylvaticum var. pauci- ramosum, forma multiramosum. Lycopodium annotinu eae complanatum var abelliforme. “f lucidulum obscurum. epsit eps rupestris. a ce AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Crested Shield Fern Clinton’s Shield Fern Oak Fern Goldie’s Shield Fern Broad Beech Fer Marginal Shield Fern New York Shield Fern Marsh Fern Beech Fer Sinn Stel Fern aaa’ abe ‘Woods Cinnamo Interne oak Royal Fer tae ae Grape Fern Ternate Grape Fern Scouring Rush Common Horsetail Wood Horsetail Stiff Club-moss Running-pine Ground, Pin Shining Ciub- moss Tree Club-moss Fern Fretp Notes 123 Fern Field Notes, 1935 Epaar T. WHerry? A Kentucky stration For ApIANTUM CAPILLUS- VENERIS.—Learning that the Southern Maidenhair had been reported from the vicinity of Burnside; Pulaski County, Kentucky, a visit was made to that town in J uly, in company with Professors S. C. Palmer of Swarthmore College and Thomas N. MeCoy of Catlettsburg, who is writing up the ferns of the state. On inquiring as to the possible presence of any cataracts in that vicinity, we were directed to one about one and one-half miles to the west, along State Highway No. 90, on the south bank of Cumberland River below Bronston P.O. On going there we found a large spring emerging from a limestone cay- ern, but thorough search of the cliffs and talus failed to Yield this or any other noteworthy fern. Just as we were leaving, I noticed that although a current of very cold air accompanied the outflowing water, a counter-current of decidedly warm air could be felt. Realizing that the Place to look for a subtropical plant in this northern lati- tude would be in the warmest situation, the stream was followed to the point where it descended over a series of limestone ledges into the river and no influence of the cold cavern air remained. Here the fern sought proved to be growing in the greatest luxuriance. On previous occa- Sions I have found rare plants by flashlight, and once detected an as yet undescribed Dryopteris in Alabama by Seeing its reflection in a mirror while shaving beside a purling brook, but this was the first time I had ever located anything by the aid of hot air! ASPLENIUM BrapLEYI IN New Jersey—On April 7, 1935, a group of six members of the American Fern Society visited the cliffs of a spur of Kittatinny Moun- ‘Eee . * Contribution from the Botanical Laboratory and Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania. AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL PLATE 12 re Fig. 1.—PELLAEA DENSA LAKE, QUEBEC. Gg. 2—ASPLENIUM RESILIENS AT THEASTERN LIMIT, FRANKLIN Co., PENNSYLVANIA. Fern Frevp Notes 125 tain, about 5 miles northwest of Blairstown, Warren County, New Jersey, in the hope of rediscovering Asplen- tum Trudelli, collected there by Carhart many years ago. Asplenium montanum was found in abundance, Several miles east of its previously known colonies near Delaware Water Gap, but A. Trudelli eluded us. Then just as we were about to leave, a single plant of A. Brad- leyi, not previously reported from the state, was noticed in a vertical joint-crevice in the quartzite cliff. Five months later the place was revisited, in company with Mr. Harry W. Trudell, and the cliff was more fully explored. Not only were six additional plants of this species found, in other joint-crevices, but also a colony of the hybrid A. Bradleyi x montanum. The station is 40 miles, as the Spore blows, east of the nearest known Pennsylvania occurrence of A. Bradleyi at Glen Onoko, Carbon County, and about 75 miles southwest of the long-lost colony in the Shawangunk Mountains in Ulster County, New York. ASPLENIUM RESILIENS IN PENNSYLVANIA—Ever since the finding of the black-stem spleenwort in Maryland last year I have cherished the hope of extending its range still farther north, and on September 12 made a systematic Search for it. In the main limestone valley around Green- castle there seemed to be no cliffs of sufficient size to fur- nish a favorable habitat for it, but in a narrower strip of limestone east of Mercersburg several promising cliffs were located and searched, one after another. Although the only abundant fern of this group was A. trichomanes, a small colony of the species sought was finally found on one sheltered cliff. (See Plate 12, fig. 2.) To avoid pos- sible destruction by over-enthusiastie collectors its exact location will not be divulged, but it lies in Franklin County, well north of the Mason and Dixon line. PELLAEA DENSA AND SOME OTHER FERNS IN SOUTHERN QuEBEC.—On August 25 a visit was paid to Black Lake, Megantie County, Quebee, to search for the southeastern- 126 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL most recorded station for the fern best known as Pellaea densa (Brack.) Hook., also bearing the name Cheilanthes siliquosa Maxon, although it perhaps does not belong to either of these genera. A large colony of it (see Plate 12, fig. 1) was finally located after a long and strenuous trip through the woods and swamps, and in order to save others unnecessary effort the following directions may be given. From Black Lake village drive south along high- way No. 1 for two miles, when an electric power line will be seen crossing the lake and extending westward into the hills. Follow this for a mile, and a prominent cliff of serpentine will come into view to the north. Cross the intervening swamp and climb to the top of the talus slope. The following also seem worth recording: Crypto- gramma Stelleri and Woodsia glabella, three miles north of Leeds Station, Beauce County, on a phyllitic mica schist which looks non-caleareous, but contains enough lime to neutralize the crevice-soil; Dryopteris fragrans and Woodsia glabella on a serpentine cliff four miles southwest of the same Station; and Dryopteris Boottu in a dense alder thicket at the south end of Black Lake. LycopopruM poropHILUM.—The Cliff Staghornmoss has been variously interpreted as a distinet species, a variety of L. lucidulum, and a variety of L. Selago. In the hope that field study might aid in deciding which view to accept, visits were made to several stations for it in Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Wiscon- sin. Although it is sometimes alleged to grow on cal- careous substrata, in every colony seen the rock was siliceous and the soil reaction mediacid. Everything about its habitat and aspect indicated it to represent an ecological derivative of the dwarfer and more appressed- leaved L. Selago (typicum), resulting from the falling of spores of this occupant of bleak situations into more sheltered crevices at lower altitudes or latitudes. PHILADELPHIA, Pa. CYSTOPTERIS FRAGILIS oR Fintx-FRActms? 127 Cystopteris fragilis or C. Filix-fragilis? E. D. Merrinu In the original edition of Linnaeus’ ‘‘Species Plan- tarum’’ (1753) two binomials appear on page 1090, Polypodium F{ilix] mas and P. Flilix] femina. The first is the basis of Dryopteris Filix mas Schott, with the following synonyms: Polystichum Filiz mas Roth, As- pidium Filix mas Sw., Nephrodium Filix mas Rich., Tectaria Filix mas Cav., Lastrea Filix mas Presl, and Lophodium Filix mas Newm. The second is the basis of Athyrium Filix femina Roth, with the following syno- nyms: Aspidium Filix femina Sw., Tectaria Filix femina Cav., Nephrodium Filix femina Michx., Asplenium Filix femina Bernh., Cyathea Filix femina Bertol., Cystopteris Pilix femina Coss. & Germ., and Lastrea Filix femina Colomb. On page 1091 the binomial Polypodium F [ilixz] fragile occurs, the specific name apparently being taken from the pre-Linnaean reference to Plukenet, Filix sacatilis, cauliculo tenui fragili. While the specific names Filix mas and Filix femina have consistently been accepted by all post-Linnaean botanists, Filix fragile has with almost equal consistency been ignored. This is probably be- cause in his ‘‘Flora Svecica’’ ed. 2 (1755), and the sec- ond edition of the ‘“‘Species Plantarum’’ (1763), Lin- naeus used the binomial Polypodium fragile instead of P. F. [ilix] fragile. In all his works he consistently used P. Filix mas and P. Filix femina; but these were widely used pre-Linnaean phrase names and Filiz fragile was not a.name so used. It seems highly probable that P. Fliliz] fragile was. printed by oversight in 1753, P. fragile being intended; it is, however, actually pub- lished and perhaps should be accepted. Summarizing Linnean usage it is to be noted that in 1753, in his 128 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL ‘‘Systema Naturae’”’ ed. 10, 1759, ed. 11, 1760, ed. 12, 1767, ed. 13, 1779, he used the binomial Polypodium FP. fragile, while in 1755 and 1763 the shorter P. fragile. Chiovenda, in 1903, transferred Polypodium Filix fragile to Cystopteris, Farwell making the same transfer a few months later in the early part of 1904. I quote below Chiovenda’s' statement : ‘*Tl nome della Cystopteris fragilis Bernhardi devesi correggere in Cystopteris Filix fragilis poiché Linneo (1) la chiamd cosi, serivendo Polypodium F. fragile a quella guisa che per il Polystichum Filix mas Roth (2) serive Polypodium F. mas. Non 6€ certo per errore di stampa che si trova scritto fragile poiché Linneo ha usato il Filiz-fragile come un solo agget- tivo che necessariamente deve concordare con Poly- podium (3). **(1) Linn —Species Plantarum ed I (1758), p. 1090. **(2) Linn.—Ibidem. (3) Ascherson.—Synopsis der Mitteleuropaischen Flora I. (1896), p. 16, dopo riportata la citazione esatta della prima edizione aggi- unge semplicemente: [sic, wohl Schreib- oder Druckfehler].’’ zits The evidence seems to favor the idea that the original use of the specific name F. fragile was an error that Linnaeus himself corrected three and ten years later, although he failed to make the correction in the tenth edition of his ‘‘Systema Naturae’’ in 1759, and in suc- ceeding editions of that work. This has been discussed by Weatherby? who calls attention to the fact that in all other cases where Linnaeus used double specific names 1Chiovenda, E. Sul nome di aleune Felci nostrali. Ann. Bot. Pirotta 1: 208-210. 1903. 2 Rhodora 28: 130-131. 1926. CYSTOPTERIS FRAGILIS OR Funix-FRaciuis? 129 composed of a substantive and an adjectival element, the latter agrees in gender with its own noun, not with the name of the genus if the two differ. He claims that if: Linnaeus had intended a double trivial name in this case he would presumably have followed his otherwise in- variable custom and written ‘‘F. fragilis,’’ but he actu- ally wrote ‘‘F. fragile,’’ the fragile agreeing not with Filiz but with Polypodium. He also notes that the other two trivial names Filiz mas and Filix femina were phrase-names universally used in Linnaeus’ time, but there is nothing to indicate that “‘Filix fragile’ was any- thing of the kind. He concludes that the ‘‘F.’’ in the Polypodium F{ilix] fragile in the first edition of the “Species Plantarum’’ was, at least by inference, an error that Linnaeus himself corrected at the first oppor- tunity, and that although it persisted through several editions of the ‘‘Systema’’ this was probably due to over- Sight on his part. He gives Cystopteris fragilis the bene- fit of the doubt, and retains this binomial rather than replace it by C. Filiz fragilis on doubtful evidence. As further evidence that the use of F. in the binomial Polypodium F. fragile in the first edition was probably a misprint, all of the compound specific names in the first edition, as listed by Hiern,’ were checked against those in the second edition, this being the only ease noted where any essential change was made. Hypnum crista castrens Was changed to H. crista castrensis, Robinia Pseudo Acacia to R. Pseudo-Acacia, Scilla Lilia Hyacinthus to 8. Lilio Hyacinthus, and Solanum Pseudo Capsicum to 8, Pseudocapsicum. Of course most of these names were merely pre-Linnean ones taken over bodily. _—_R, * Hiern, W. P. Index Abecedarius: An alphabetical index to the first éitition, of the Species Plantarum - Bot 44: Suppl. 1-44, 1906. Reprinted in Junk, W., Indices nominum trivialium ad Linnaei Species Plantarum, ed 1. 51-92. 1907. 130 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Although I was first inclined to accept Chiovenda’s binomial for this widely distributed fern my present in- clination is to retain the binomial Cystopteris fragilis on the basis that the original Polypodium Fl{ilix] fragile was probably an error. Presumably an author in the middle of the eighteenth century could correct his own errors, even as we correct some of our own today. If we had a conserved list of specific names, undoubtedly Cystopteris fragilis would be included therein. The synonymy of this fern in so far as the specific names fragilis and Filix fragilis are concerned is as fol- lows: CYSTOPTERIS bere Seats ) Bernh. Neues Journ. Bot. Schrad. 1 (2): 27. t. 2. f. 9. 18 Polgendeom fragile ne FI. Svecica, ed. 2, 374. 1155; Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 1553. P olypodium Pili fragile oo "Sp. PL 1094, 53; Syst. Nat. ne 10, 1327, 1759; ea ae 1327. 1760; ed. 12, 2: 693. 1767; ed. 13, 2: 693. 1770. dere fragilis ae ae Acead. Hes : 417. 179 seen Ftc Sw. in Journ. Bot. Schrad. 1800 (2): 1801. Athyrium gies e Spreng. Anleit. 3: 136. 1804. gia fragilis Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 9. Oysies ype Sm. Engl. Fl. 4: 298. 1828. _ Beer Underw. Our Nat. Ferns, ed. 6, 119. ne Filix fragilis Chiov. Ann. Bot. Pirotta 1: 210. 1903; Farwell, Ann. Rep. Michigan Acad. Sei. 6: 200. 1904; Schinz & Thellung, Vierteljahrs. Naturf. Gesellsch. Ziirich 61: 414. 1916; Pampanini, Fl. Caracorum 66. 19 Filicula Filix as Farwell. Am. Midl. Nat. 12: 1931 Those botanists who follow the International Code will continue to use the generic name Cystopteris Bernhardi Recent Fern LITERATURE 431 (1806), typified by this species, instead of Filix Adanson (1763), as the former was placed in the list of conserved generic names by the Cambridge Botanical Congress in 1930, and this retention of Cystopteris automatically eliminates Filicula Seguier (1754). For a discussion of the generic name Filiz see Woynar, H. ‘‘Zur Nomen- klatur einiger Farngattungen II. Filix,’’ Hedwigia 56: 381-387. 1915. As to Filicula, Farwell, in accepting Seguier’s name in place of Cystopteris Bernhardi, appar- ently did not examine Seguier’s work (Pl. Veron. Suppl. 1754). The name Filicula appears on page 54 without a generic description, with two species ‘‘Filicula alpina, foliolis rotundioribus & crenatis Ponted. Comp. Tab. Bot. 19. n. 1.’’ page 54, and ‘‘Filicula alpina crispa C. B. Pin. 354. Moris. Hist. 3. 581. Tab. 4. fig. 27’’ with the syno- nym ‘‘Felce crespo sassatile Pon. Viag. di Mont. Bald. 224’’ nage 55. There are no binomials. There is thus no reason for accepting Filicula Seguier as a properly published generic name. The still earlier Filicula Tour- nefort (1700) is the same as Cystopteris, but is pre- Linnaean and hence not available to replace Cystopteris Bernh. Seguier certainly does not validate Tourne- fort’s generic name. THe New Yorx Botanica GARDEN. Recent Fern Literature ee Edith A., and Lawrence, Julia R. American Ferns: How to ‘nice, Grow, and Use Them. 87 pages. Maemillan, 1935. $2.50. There has just been issued this new book on “* Ameri- can’’ ferns, which examination shows to be pitifully in- adequate, being compiled from obsolete and untrust- worthy sources. It does not deserve a real review in THs JourNna, but as it is being given publicity in various magazines—most of whose editors merely copy extracts 132 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL from the overdrawn publisher’s announcement, rather than read it—our members should be informed as to its character. It includes a description of a method of growing spores in culture solutions, impractical suggestions as to culti- vating ferns in formal gardens, an attempt to classify species into imaginary ‘‘associations,’’ and a key so artificial and inaccurate as to be practically useless. To illustrate the authors’ utter unfamiliarity with the sub- ject, it may be noted that they group Scolopendriwm and Aspidium cristatum in an ‘‘oak association,’’ Dicksonia and Lygodiwm in a ‘‘shrub association’; key out Os- munda regalis in contrast to Woodsia alpina; and recom- mend Woodsia ilvensis to furnish ‘‘a pleasing view to the hurrying motorist !’’ Alston, A. H. G. Pteridophyta of Antigua. Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 73: 33-40. . 1935. Mr. Alston in this article on He hg of North Carolina, 59. Cc. An- notationes oe corrigenda ad Wu Ww est, 65. ba i 12. Aw ook American fern. Looser, G. Sobre Gieienents Bibreae, 101. Raunkiaer, C., a Fs use th em, ete Robinia Pseudo-Acacia, 129 St. JoHN, E. P. and R. P. ern Study in central ween a3 SCHAFEN R, J. my fern Ohi servations on Bqui Schizaea pusilla, Seilla Lilio- Siyacchne. 4 29 ella apoda, 6, 63 ; rupestris, aig 63, 67: tortipila, 63 sinopterle 14 SMITH, ‘F res and its AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL ak ghee black-stem, 42, 64, ebony, 42; elastic, ae foped: 64 ; maidenhair, 1 row-leay ed, 64, 106; — Staghorn moss, cliff, STEBBIN es a oe Se © pees notes on the hart’s- -tongue, 105 arene tei: Additional J. fern records Shea “Missouri, 1 Struthiopteri 1 SVENSON, Isoetes macro- spora in the Shenandoah valley, ipda oe of the treasurer for TARDIEU-BLoT. Deux Asple nouvelles d’Indochine any, Tectaria, 101; Filix-femina, 127; heracleifolia, 44; minima, 44 Thelyp teris, 54, 101 ; cristata, var. intoni iana, tl Hexagonoptera, margin See also Dr opteris Trachypteris, 13 eek ere Boschianum, 17, in TRUDELL, H. W. Lancaster meet- ng of the Fern Society, 27 eo sane Isoetes macrospora in, Vittaria lineata, 39 Walking fern, a new form of, 18 pecdgnagee acy AS ~ Certain Mexi- nd ral American ferns, 62: list ar varieties and forms of ferns of eastern North meeti f th 29; so ng maps of fern distribution, 102; shine fern books, 59 IT Report of the secreta for 1934, WIL Soya Pe New term of walk- tne reeek Woorsie, ees glabella, see 126; ilvensis, 17, 76, 103; - tusa, 5, 17, 76, 104, rasilis, 10 Woodwardia, 75 ; areolata, 75, ib virginica, 75, 78. See @ Anchistea and Lorinseri YouMANS, B. Woodsia scopu- lina not x Kentucky, 17 ERRATA Page 44, line 21, for D., read DryoprTEris Page 75, line 12, for wtih, read with Page 77, line 13, for Lastrea, read Lastrea Page 95, after line 17, insert, as line 18, C. A. WEATHERBY List of Members of the American Fern Society REVISED TO DECEMBER 1, 1935 SUPPLEMENT TO THE AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL, Vou. 25, No. 4 (* Charter Members;. t Life Members) HONORARY MEMBERS Bower, Prof. Frederick Orpen, 2 The Crescent, Ripon, England 1926 ee, Dr. Carl, Botanisk Museum, Copenhagen, Den- 1915 *Clute. Prof, Willard Nelson, Butler University, Indianapolis, Ind. ... 1893 gage Mrs. May N., 1055 So. Haywarth Ave., Los Angeles, - 1935 Aiken, Walter er 1520 Aster Place, Cincinnati, Ohio ................ 1911 Alla: anson, H. E., 124 Chestnut Ave., Takoma Park, M4. ......... 1935 Allen, Charles L., Care No , Worcester, Mass. ...........-. 1929 Allen, Dr. Fred H., 16 Fairfield Ave., Holyoke, Mass 1921 Allen, Henry V. D., Care Canadian Dept., esata Electric Co., Schenectady, ae 1904 Allen, Walter S., 144-19 35th Ave., Flushing, N.Y... 1917 mes, A leg Pe _ eotalaal Museum, Oxford St., Cam- ues lage, Anderson, Dr. Dr. Ww. A., Dept. of Botany, Univ. of Iowa, Iowa as ity, 1 Auxer, William H., 614 W. Lemon St., Lancaster, Penna. ........ 1934 Baber, , Longview Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio 0... 1926 Bailey, Dr. rion Hyde, Ithaca, N. Y. 1921 Baird, Mrs, James, 34 Walworth Ave. is Bemradain, N.Y... 1935 Baker, Prof. H. R., State Board of Ravi tbe: Dover, Del. 1927 eae bog “auld C., Barnes Foundation, Latch’s Lane, ae Bares, Winkie hegarn. P. O. Box 44, Bellona, Yates 1914 Barnhart, Dr. ty = Hendley, New York Botanical Garden, New w York, N. Y. 1911 Barrie, Bib oy , Roughwood, Chestnut Hill, Mass. . 1925 Bartoo, D. R., Cookeville, Te 1935 Bartsch, Dr. Paul, Smithsoni: nian ‘Institution heen D.C. 1911 Baxter, M. S., 46 Bly Street, Rochester, N. Y 1912 Beals, Mrs. A. Tennyson, 5833 85th St., Elmhurst, N. Y. ........ 1928 n, Ralph C., 48 Emerson St., Wakefield, Mass. ..0....c00000- 1920 Beck, Mrs. Walter Innisfr rook, 1928 Benedict, J. E., Jr., 945 Pennsylvania. Ave., 'N. W., Wash- ington, D. C. 1925 Benedict, Dr. Ralph Curtiss, 1819 Dorchester Road, Brook- lyn, N. Y. 1905 Bill, Mrs. G. E., Montserrat Road, Beverly, Mass ...0...0.0cc0c00-- 1922 Blomquist, Prof. H. L., Dept. of Botany, Duke University, 1 eu 934 Boughton or 8. Pittsfo rd, N. Poe alee) ate ie eee dager 1917 Bowen, Leon W., 77 Evergreen A oomfield, N. J 1932 bower Prof. Frederick Orpen, 2 The Crescent, Ripon, England 1926 Bowman, F F. Willard, 245 Beverl 3 Boydston, Mrs. Kathryn Acres, Niles, Mich. ............. 30 ragg, Miss Laura M., Berkshire Museum, Pittsfield, Mass. 1934 Braun, E. Lucy, 2702 May St., Cinei Chin 5 20 Bray, Dr. William L., 863 rom Ave., Sy Wes Gis eree 916 Breckenridge, ria Lester Paige, North Ferrisburg, Vt. ...... 1915 a, Mrs. A. C. (Marion B.), 159 Pleasant Ave., Ham- cand Bristol, Bennet B., Foxboro, Mass 1935 Brooks, Arthur S., "132 East Center St., Virginia Obie: soc 1935 Brook : Maurice G., French Creek, West Virginia «0... 1926 Broun, Maurice, Care Miss Bessie Paattiian € Orisa Mass. 1934 Brown, Miss Berth , 10 Greenman Ave., W mt ly, BR. I. 1921 Brown, Hubert H., 9 Halford Ave., Toronto 9, Canada ......... 926 “etl og Gerald H., 215 McKnight Bldg., Minneapolis, Miss. 1935 Burkart, Dr. Arturo, General Paz 1361, Buenos Aires, Arg ak ee 1933 Burnham, Stewart H. , Dept. of Botany, College of Agricul- ture, "Ithaca a, 897 Burrows, Edwin J., Great Barrington, IVER SA eee cet ea 1934 ergata okt Freder ick K., Univ. of aiiiaanths Minne- apolis, Minn. ........ , 1917 paige se tha me Houghton, Leland Stanford Univer- sis Campbaii, Mino Faye, Fairbrook Farm, North Egremont, BABS eh ee a . 1934 Canan, Miss Elsie D., 836 Napoleon St., J ohnstown, Penna. 1935 tCapp, Seth Bunker, P. O. Box 2054, Philadelphia, Penna. eee Carleton, Miss Bernice L., Lisbon N. H. . 1933 Carlson, Mrs. T. O., 37 Central Ave., Hartsdal Chapman, Charles, 333 Virginia Ave., Keyser, Cheever, Dr. Austin Walter 203 Clint ton Road, Brooidine Supe ee ae 911 Cheney, Prof. Ralph H., Biological Dept., Long Island Univ. “ Brooklyn, Ne Yo . 1925 Child, W. A., 389 Hess St. South, Hamilton, Ontario ......... 1917 Chillas, Richard B., Jt, 233 Winona Av ve., sara Philadelphia, ee . 1935 Chisholm, Mrs. Maud L., Proctor, Vt. 1923 igparionsif: Dr. Carl, Botanisk Museum, Copenhagen, Den- 1815 — ; Clar rs. B. Preston, 132 Marlboro St., Boston, Mas 1928 Clausen, ‘Robert pi De ept. of Botany, Cornell’ Warvareity, me Clayton, _Binest, 434 Laurel Ave., San Anselmo, Marin Co., sie 2 *Clute, Prof. Willard Nelson, Butler University, Indianapolis, aWe 893 Collier, Mrs. Forrest F., Billerica, Mass 1934 Cooper, Mrs. Bertha A., 1227 Thurman St, ig rows Ore. 1931 Corne, Mis s F, ue sg Hilliard St., Cambr ae Ponce pS ee 1910 Cotner, Mrs. Anita J., 408 West Koch St. an, Mont. 1935 Cowan, rian leg Valleyfield, Penicuik, Midlothing, Scot- ase 1914 Sars Mrs. E. Norman, Litchfield, Conn. 1936 Dacy, serie eae —— 5 Rockwell St., Dorchester Center Stat oston, M 1898 Dan = Mra, ate B. eet Chestnut Hill, Mass. ........... 1925 Ba iakée fol 5 fol ied CES 494 Franklin Ave., Wilkinsburg, sani 1935 D i .. Nashville, Tenn. 193 n nee W Knoxville, Tenn. . Delafield, Mrs. John 17 East 79th St., New York, N. Y. 1923 Derickson, Prof. S. H., Lebanon Valley College, Annville, Penna. 1 935 Didadel, Mrs. W. D., 333 East 7th St., Jacksonville, Fla. .......... 1935 ix, W. L., Je erson School, Tr enton, 33 Dol’, W. Herbert, 23 ie 5H Ave. , West Ora ange, NF ec: 1926 Doubleday, ete sop sia W. (Blorence Hy: Woodstock, Vt. 1928 Dowell, Dr. Philip, Glenwood 1906 Dunean, Robert 136 Woodland Ra, Chestnut Hill, Mass. ...... 1927 Eames, Mrs, eae A., 155 Bryant St., Buffalo, N. Y........... 1918 Earle, R. So 350 Commonwealth Ave. , Boston, Wass) as 1928 Eaton, Fre derick W., Concord, Mass. 1921 Edwards, James L., 27 Stanford Place, Montelair, N. J............ 1932 Egerton, John B., 333 East 20th St. , Baltimore, Ma 1929 Eggleston, Willard Webster, 612 "Rando olph St., N. W., i 04 1911 Emmons, Edward Thayles, Geneva, 1915 Ewan, Joseph, 3000 Life Sciences blag. a Ss of California, Berkeley, Calif 1930 Fagley, Rev. Frederick L., 14 Beacon St., Boston, 2098 BG 1933 tF sdehoet ig ver Atkins, Box 265, Lake Linden, Mich. ........... 1913 Featherly, H. I., Dept. of Botany, Oklahoma rag and : = lg College, Stillwater, Okla. 1928 Finegan, Mrs. Thomas C. (Grace B.), The Normandie, 251 Alexander St., Roche ster pseu 1925 Fleischman, foals Cole, Seed Sele Sas Oregon Agric. Col- co ege 5 Flett, J "Rout ute 2, Escala. Wash. 1899 Floyd, Pre ed Gillan, Sierra Madre, Calif. 1897 oote, Mrs, E. M. (Caroline C.), 119 East 40th St., New eek, x. foes 1925 Fox, Dr. Walter H., Hartford, Michigan 1934 praneke ile Louis J. , Brookville, Glen Head, N.Y. 1930 razee, Vernon L., 67 Rast 4th St. , Clifton, Bee as 3 Gannett, Lewis S., 120 East 16th St., New York, N. Y. ............. 1928 Goodale, long Altre d8., Dept. of Botany, Amherst College, mherst, Mas ID Goodman Ds. Baws rd H.,, , Speedwell, Dorset, gM Meee 1930 sea Dr. 3 thur ocnsant. 1000 Washington ‘Ave., Brook- 1 eavin: ‘eden rd W , Bentonsport, Tow: een Groff, Miss Mary E., R. D. No. 6, Lancaster, Pen 19 Grout, Dr. Abel Joel, 1 Vine St., New Brighton: Staten Isl and, N. Y 1910 {Grober,, C. i ett: Penna. 1907 —, we Flora Anderson, cas gage State Teachers’ College, oar 7 Ie aed y, Ark. 1917 Hall, Bobs 103 Mac on St.. Brooklyn, N: Yi Hall, Mrs. Oates C, 2570 ee re ar ‘st, ay be “Gali Halsey, Miss Ss Garrison- -on-H TN ere Harper, Prof. Robert Almer, Columbia University, New Yor . 1913 Hart, Bertrand K., 32 Dudley St., Fall River, Mass. ................ . 1928 Hartlin e, Mrs. D. 8. Pry Fourt h pene Bloomsburg, ron 1910 Hayes, Mrs . Edwin m St. w Haven, Conn. ........... 1934 Hazen, Dr. Tracy lito freak. Cima. fons York, a Henry, Rev. H. . 101 East Union St., Endicott, N. nee 1936 Hermann, Dr. a. Dept. of Botany, Univ. of Michigan, Ann” ae Diphe ae 1935 Highton, W. L., 07 Roseville Ave., Newark, Ni J. --::cc-:cccc00necee 1932 Higman, Harry W , 1320 East 63d St., Seattle, Washi 1932 — Mrs. John ‘£, 2933 Whitney Ave., Mount Carmel, sone Hol tate George K., Elizabethtown, Ky. . 1936 Hokies, Ven. Archdeacon A., 16B Gray St., “Port-of- Boats, ‘Primidad, Ts SW bo ae 1930 Hopkins, Prof, Lewis §., Culver-Stockton College, Canton, House , Dr. Homer Dolliver, Education Bldg., Albany, N. Y. 1918 — ‘Dr. Marshall Avery, New York Botanical Garden, New Ve a eee a Howell, he Iida Oatley, pekek Plains, Free Acres, N. J. 1934 Huber | F. F., Far mers’ National Bank, Pennsburg, Penna. 1926 Humphrey, deates’ Doreaton:: 19 Hyatt St., Staten Island, Hunn ewell, Francis Welles, Washington St. Diverse hy ea" 1915 Hutchinson, Mrs. Susan W., 724 South Orange Drive Angel Calf, ee ee °* 1923 Hyde, us, ‘Clavease R., 242 Henry St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 1934 Jennings, Dr. Otto Emery, Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Penna. Judd, Mrs. Mary P., 14 Bruce Road, Upper Montclair, N. J. 1934 Jurica, Hilary §., St. Procopius College, Lisle, TH 2 1919 Kamm, Mrs. Oliver are W.), 365 Lake Shore Rd., Grosse Point Farms, pa Harlan P., ast ‘Boxford, Mass 1 Kelton, Mrs. Geor rge H. (Ruth C. oF Hubbardston, Maas, Kestne, she Le Clos Etoile, Chailly Village, Lausanne, 1 +Kidder, Nathanial T., Milton, Mas 19 pees Ellsworth P., dduitheoutice’ Tnstitution, Washington, PO; Kimball Miss Laura F., 1515 L Ave., National City, San iego Co., Calif. Kimber ae N. B., 538 Locust Ave., Germantown, Philadel- P Kittredge, ‘aa E. M., Vergennes, V Knappen, “ei henge . (Nellie C.), "058 Tilden St., N. W., Washi rig te Knight, William’ A., 175 Oneida St., St. Augustine, Fla. ...... aera Dr. Irving W,, Allegany State Park, Red House, : 933 Knowlt ton, Clarence Hinckley, Hingham, Mass. ......0.0.2-.-c:0-0-- 1911 Kobbé, Frederi ck W., Ridgefield, Conn 1921 Kriebel, R. M., 1111 N St., Bedford, Ind. 1933 ce, ta Mrs. Charles P., 333 North Sandusky St., Dela- «Cr aaa ae 25 a. Miss Elva, Hunter College, Park Ave. & 68th St., New 26 Leary, Miss Cathie M., Morristown, N. Y 1935 8, a nee N., 1025 Westview ‘Ave., ig pea Phila- delphia, Penn 921 eee 'y tee ery C, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, 20 Lewis, Rev. ‘Charles Pay -< South Swan St., Albany, N. Y. ........ 1917 Lewis, Clarence McK., 1000 Park Ave., New Ory No Yeas 1935 Lewis, Rev. a m Fisher, Box 477, Bozeman, Mont. ................ 1920 Lillibridge, s Amy A., 42 Lloyd Ave., Providence, R. I. 1921 Lippincott, Mice Rebecea C., 122 West Main St., Moores- 1931 Litch, C. M., ‘14 encie St., Fitchburg, Mas pot ss bcaeetieren ac goes 1916 Little, Elbert L., Jr., Box 384, Tahlequah, Okla... 1927 pad Dr. Everett G., vTirst National Bank Bldg. . Williams- 1930 amber’, De: ‘ahaa H., 28 Indian Hill Rd., Worcester, Bek. . 1916 es | 250 Ashbourne Road, Elkins Park, Philadel- 1911 Looser, Gualterio, Casilla 5542, erg as — Cee 1928 tt, Mrs po OL 1718 S. W. 23d St., Miami Pleo 1935 t Lowe, 3 Mrs. Frank E. (Rachel L.), "The meblanky Portland, aoe 917 Lownes, Albert E., P. D. Hos 1531, Providence, R. pee Lyon, De: Harold Lloyd, P. O. Box 411, Honolulu, "g ose 1911 MeAvoy, Miss Blanche, 400 W. Mulbe erry St., Normal, Ill. .... 1920 1925 MacCaskill, Allan, Jr., Coleraine, Victoria, Australia ............ 5 mec Thos. N., Prin. First Ward School, Catlettsburg, Ry McF fey Prof. Fr, Sg T., Dept. of Botany, Univ. of Ken xingto oe GA Meciliard Miss Nanchang Dept. of Biology, Univ. of Chatta- ‘ a, tanooga, T Maclaren, Miss ne _ South Egremont, Mass... ncsccccccscencee 1 , Dr MecLea 1opiga "ad ee w York Botanical Garden, New York, N.Y MeVangh Rogers, Mindornook, Noy a cet eee 19 Mansfield, Dr. William, College of Pharmacy, Albany, N. Y. tMarble, John E., 1313 Garfield Ave ., South Pa euteon. Cali Marie- Seed, ’Prof., Université de Montreal, Mont rea Mark, ie Clara G., 270 South State St., Abies ese Ohio : Ma rsh, Spencer S., Midwood eas ace, Madison, Ne Je .oeccocuc = m Mrs. Spencer 4" cd ood Terrace, pati N sts Men ae Dr. Walter, 639 Church Lane, Germantown, i Merrill, Henry ‘beans Bast ii eae ir vegl.! GPG (Ys ea empeae det cman on 1 Miller, Mrs. Lawrence K., 42 Bru nswick St., beens se Mass. We: Miller, Mrs. L. W., 192 Kenwood Ave., Rochester, N.Y... 1 Miner, Mrs. John Hi (Bess B.), Overlook Drive, Greenwich, ac ae ee el alae Mirick, Miss Nellie, 252 ice Walnut St., Oneida, N. Y. ......... Molé, Mrs. Ha: arvey E., Rowan Road, Summ it, N.oJ. onks, Mrs. Samuel M., 415 Pesmcs Ave., Hartford, “Conn. : Monroe, Prof. Will §., R. No. 3, Waterbur Moore, Pr ury, of. Dwigh t M., Univ. of Arkansas, pigbieeecs. - Moore, Dr. George T., Missouri Botanical Garden, ‘St. “Louis, Morse, Prof. A. P. , Peabody Museum, Salem, Mas Moss, Mrs. C. E., Box 1176, J ohannesburg, South aie. Mottier, Dr. David Myers, Indiana University, Bloomington, eae Prof. Philip A., 1165 Indian Head Blvd., —: Calif Newell, Chauncey Jackson, Alstead, No Fo. ..c-eccscssccsscssccueeeemsee No orthrup, Homer M., 210 East Union Ave., Bound Brook, N. J. nf —— Miss Elmira Elsie, 912 Brandon Ave., Norfolk, Nyman, Mrs. Harriet J., 441 Beverly Ave., San Laaniee Cali f, 1 eaten 935 Oliphant, Roy L., 98 Glen Ave., Oakland, Calif. 0.00 .- 1930 Oliver, Miss Mary H., 270 South State St., Westerville, Ohio 1920 Osmun, Prof. Albert Vincent Agricultural College. ‘Amherst ee 6 at a _ 131—15 140th St., South Ozone Park, New oy. Rusk, Miss Hester M., Brookl yn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, * ae 19 Sadler, Miss Nettie M., 429 Westcott St., eee Ney St. John, Edward, Floral Ci ity, Citrus Co. ta St. J ohn, Robert P., Floral City, Citrus Co., ie Up weir ee 19 me ne sates el Newton Folius, P. O. ae 792, Fall River, Amey J. ~ "hie Castle Bldg., 1410 Stanley St., treal, Ca Seul eet Dr. ebay 5. 904 Medical Arts Bldg., Hot Springs, ~ a, z, Uxbri Share? Prof. J. M M., Peabody College, Nashville, Tenn. ............. 7 1920 Otis, ay C. Gos First Ave., N. E., Seattle, Wash... 921 Otis, Dr. Mabel H., 815 Fifth Ave. Bldg., Moline, Pek, 1933 Ottley, Prof. Alice M., 46 Dover Road, Wellesley, Mass. ........ 1930 Palmer, Dr. lei J., 1090 Center St., Jamaica Plain, * 1909 Palmer, Dr. The o. Sherman, 1939 Biltmore St., N. W., Was ington, D. C. 911 k, Mrs. Franklin A., 812 Park Ave., New York, N. Y. ......... 1935 Seohal Mrs. John (Anna Ve. M.D, Palisade, Hockland Co., 1935 Peter rson, “Mrs. E., Route 1, Box 468, —— d 2 Fee oe mie 1931 Petzke, Earnest a ixt 1926 Phai r, Miss Gertrude G., 804 East 1 oth St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 1916 ages oe bn an Layton, State College of Washington, n, Was 1914 Pond, nen Whidden, 5 Boylston St., Cambridge, Mass. ...... 1910 Porter, Miss Mary N., 11 Greenridge Ave., White Pining 929 _ Pretz, Harold W., 125 South 17th St., Allentown, Penna. ....... 1909 Quinn, James J., Winchester, Mass. 1929 Radlo, Miss Dora A., 32 Cherry St., North Adams, Masz. ...... 1894 Ransier, Bese Earl, copra Ne 1902 Bee TTA No. "Paulina St. pte! capes 1935 Rhodes, Charles Orman, 103 Clar eee Croton, i Foo: FAG Ri rry Cooper, Benningto 1908 saa dig ig ae nig Holyrood Ra. a: E., Cleveland, Ohio 1921 Roon eid Mrs, Frank (Anna K.), 810 East 40th St., Brook- 1916 iBbebery, Willia kins St., New ~ tain, Conn. ..... 1911 Ruge, Harold Goddezd, foaitiegoo Colle ege, Hanover, N. H. 1906 1934 — a State Teachers’ College, Slippery Rock, Skene, Soler 448 Morris an Boonton, N. J... 1934 Sr pagel Mary L., Kissimee, 1933 Slater, Wm Care Gulf Shey Co., P. O. Box 1166, riven Pen nna. 1933 Slifer, Mrs. Walter B., 56 Southern Parkway, Rochester, Smith, Dr. Albert New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Par k, New Yor 1931 oa Ewart G., sat High Street, Christ Church, New Zea- 1927 Smith, Eos Frances G., Dept. of Botany, Smith College, mpton, Mass. . 1933 Smith, gis Frank C., Jr., 32 Cedar St., Worcester, Mass. .... 1931 Somerville, Mrs. J. H, 2011 John Ave., ’Superior, Wis. ......... 1923 Soxman, G. M., 718 Haines Ave., Dallas, Texas .....c:cccccceoo 1935 —— Mrs. Albert js Fairbrook Farm, North Egremont, fk Spr ha Pak H., 146 Summer St., Boston, Mass. ...........0.-+ 1934 Stacy, Miss s Emily D 73 Chestnut St., North Adam s, Mass. 1934° seaponk — O.; Field Museum of Natural Huitiry, Chi- Stegall, a Mary M., 808 So. Illinois Ave., Carbondale, Dl. 1923 s, Mrs. H. B., Karas Lake N.Y: 923 Stebbins Dr. Geo orge e Ledyard, Jr 314 Hilgard Hall, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Cality oi ere 1926 Steere, William - Dept. ae. a Univ. of Michigan, Ng asi Dr. William N., 830 — 24th St., Milwaukee, Wis. 1916 Stephenson, Leonard ?, ; Bueitel, ONG 2 ee ae 1934 gar fees es ii. 1618 hod? Island Ave., N. W., Wash- Storey, ( Oliver W. ,35 Ash St., Madison, Wa 934 Stratton, Mrs. G. ws 518 _Frankin Ave. ., Wilkinsburg Br oak. Pittsburgh, Aca fr, SUE ace Bo te diese comma ATEN ses 1916 Svenson, Dr. H. Ba, teak ive Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, Bg eee mer Charles RL a F. A.), 318 North President ee eta gee 1930 Taylor, re is fy gree Erie College, Painesville, Ohio 1923 Taylor, Prof. Thos. M. C., Dept. of Botany, Taiy 8 A 0 Taylor, Lucien B., Farm St. , Dover, Mass Taylor, William Gavin, 6 Be tone 8 me, Ot, d- Thompson, J. W., Cleveland High ‘School, Seattle, Wash. ........ 1928 Tilley, Pecoor "1356 Northampton St., Ho olyoke, Mass. .......- 1921 To oping, D. LeRoy, Box 2356, Honolulu, T. He eee nm 96 Tracy, H. H., Fullerton Union High School, Fullerton, Calif. 1931 Trudell, Harry W., 2030 East Madison St., Philadelphia, P enna. Tryon, Milton, 5342 Woodlawn Ave., Chicago, Il. 1 Turner, Mrs. H. M., 88 Barnet St., New Haven, Conn. ......----- 1930 8 Upham, Alan W., East Woodstock, Conn. Van Meter, Miss Mary G., 1757 K St., N. W., Washington, Vincent, Mrs. Myron H., Chilmark, Mass. he Robert Allison, 81 Pinckney St., Boston, Mass. ............... *Waters, oe ell E., 5812 Chevy ‘Chase sieesed “Wash- ingto Weatherby, Cade Alfred, 27 Raymond St., Cambridge, Mas Weatherby, Mrs. C. A. (Una F.), 27 Raymond St., Cam- bridge, Ma 1 West, incall 1, 113 Edgewood St., Wheeling, W. Var. nccecscrscisnen 1 tWheeler in —— sel, R. F. D. No. 2, Bethel, Main cian Wherry, Magar T., University of Panaeriveia: Phila- Ate Penna. Whitney, Mrs. Elsie Gibson, State Museum, Albany, N. Y...... Wiepert, D. D., 413 E ighth St., Brooklyn aN, DE pest Oe 19 Wiggins, Ira ey Curator, Dudley Habaciin, Stanford Uni- versity, Ca lit. Wilcox, aes Alice Wilson, 750 North Cliest Ave., Pasadena, Cal Wiley, Miss Fari on Piss oe. Re Natural History, 77th St. & Colum ,» New Wilkens, Hane: P41 South 11th St. Reading, P p etaene 19. Williams , Miss Carrie Hammond, 1428 Park ror Saleen, ae “Miss Antoinette, 89 North Main St., Spring Valley, N: Wilson, gps R., Dept. of Geology, Coe College, Cedar ; ids, Iow pids, Wilson, Mrs, Millar r, Fort George, Florida Winslow, Evelyn James, Chesterfield Road, Brattleboro, Vt. Woodleton, Mrs. Helen 8, 454 a St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 1929 right, Miss Mary F., mbler , Penn Wright, 8. Fred, 3 Saath Jefferson St. , Orange, N. J. sang ae William Barton, 1422 Adams St., Bowling Green, Young, John P., Ithaca, N. Y. Ziemen, J. Elting, 605 Watchung Road, Bound Brook, N. J. 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Diddell 1 List of Varieties and Forms of Ferns of Eastern North America (cont A. Weatherby 11 ‘Ferns of the Vicinity of New York 2.2. R. P. St. John 16 Shorter Notes 21 American Fern Society 30 VeLuME 26, NuMBER 2, Paces 41-76, Issuep JuLy 21, 1936 Rare Ferns a Central Florida. I. Some peculiarities of istribut E. P. St. John 41 - New Ferns os cde E, P. St. John 50 Impressions of the ‘‘Land of Ferns’? ccc Maurice Broun 55 List of Varieties and Forms of Ferns as agree North America (cont.) . Weatherby 60 Recent Fern Literature 69 Shorter Notes 71 American Fern Society 75 VoLUME 26, NuMBER 3, Paces 77-112, IssuEp Oct. 29, 1936 Variants of some Appalachian oa © Whirey and W. D. Gray 77 Notes on Southern California she ins coerce H.H. Tracy 87 J. P roper Name of the Water Horsetail J. H. Schaffner 91 List of Varieties and Forms of Ferns of Eastern North America (cont.) C. A. Weatherby 94 Reeent Fern Literature 99 Shorter Notes 104 American Fern Society VOLUME 26, NuMBER 4, Paces 113-148, IssuED Dec. 16, 1936 The Hart’s-tongue in Tennessee... reigeeniee groan 113 The Hart’s-tongue in Maryland A.N.L 122 Fern Field Notes, 1936 Efe ah von ‘127 List of Varieties and Forms of Ferns oe Eastern America (cont.) C. A. Weatherby 130 Adventures in Fern Collecting—II E. J. Palmer 136 Shorter Notes . 139 American Fern Society 142 Index to Volume 26 144 January-March, 1936 hz gpd A camber American Bern Journal A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO FERNS Published by the AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY a R. C. BENEDICT E. J. WINSLOW W. R. MAXON C. A. WEATHERBY pee CONTENTS Florida Ferns List of Varieties and Forms of Ferns of {Eastern North Li No. 1 Che American Hern Saoriety Connril for 19365 OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR Epear T, WHeEgRy, University of Pennsylvania, oe Pailen Mrs. CagLtorra C. Hauu, Berkeley, Ca Vice-President ae a GIBSON WHITNEY, New vi State Mfaseun, Albasy, itens x Svenson, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn. = 2. OFFICIAL ORGAN American Fern Journal EDITORS C. BENEDICT ........... 1819 Dorchester Road, Brooklyn, N. Y. Rapa C. F E. J. Winstow Chesterfield Road, Brattlbor ve W. R. Maxon _........ Smithsonian Institution, ae Volume I, six numbers, $2.00; other volumes $1.25 each. Single baek numbers 35 cents each. Vol. I, no, 1; vol. IIL, nos. 2, 3 and 4; and vol. IV, no. 1, cannot be supplied except with complete umes. ‘Ten per cont. discount to members and and institutions 0B of six volumes or lati for publication shonla be addreseed to R. C. Benedict st - 1819 Dorchester wang erp ng tn ag ore ic Garden, 1000 Wash- ington Ave, Brookiya, N. a as Daler Soe bork mecnoes abet Soares tee rs OS — Botanic | iad b ‘ en, ee American Fern Journal Vou, 26 JANUARY-MARCH, 1936 ed Growing Florida Ferns Mary W. DIpDDELL Several years ago I had a small fishpool made on my place, and started bringing home ferns from the woods to grow around it. That was the beginning of my fern collecting and study, and since that time my collection has included all the ferns found in this section of the state and many of the more definitely tropical species. I hope eventually to have a complete collection of every fern native to Florida. About two years ago I built a fernhouse, with glass roof and the floor three feet below the ground level, thus insuring an even temperature and moist atmosphere; and in this house I keep the small and more tender species. My collection started with the two Osmundas, both of which attain a large size with us; I once found 0. regalis with fronds eight feet long. Here the Osmundas pro- duce a fall crop of sporophylls, usually in November, and I recently found O. cinnamomea with sporophylls nearly six feet high. After the Osmundas, I brought in Pteris lati uscula, Lorinseria areolata, Anchistea virginica, Asplenium platyneuron, Athyrium asplenioides, Dryop- teris normalis, D. floridana and D. thelypteris, all com- Mon ferns in this section. These are all perfectly at home under the shade of a Live Oak tree, in the leaf mould which they naturally find there. Salvinia multi- _——_... [Volume 25, No. 4, of the JouRNAL, pages 109-144, plates 9-12, Was issued December 29, 1935.] 2 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL plies rapidly in the pool, but Azolla has to be replaced occasionally, as it washes out easily. Botrychiwm ob- liquum flourishes in the fall and produces its sporophylls, then dies back completely through the summer. In a jungle close to the ocean I found magnificent plants of the Golden Polypody, Phlebodium aurewm, and in the same place, frequently on the same Palmetto stems, are great masses of the Shoestring Fern, Vittaria lineata, with fronds an eighth of an inch wide and several feet long, the sporangia borne in two long grooves down the back. The Phlebodium grows always high up on the Palmetto, in the leaf bases, just below the crown of leaves, but the Vittaria is not particular about height and I have seen trees liberally covered with it in cascading masses from crown to base. In this same jungle is a Live Oak tree worth going miles to see, its immense wide- spreading limbs covered with the Resurrection Fern, Poly- podium polypodioides, intergrowing with Epidendrum conopseum, the only epiphytic Orchid growing this far north. This Resurrection Fern is the finest I have ever seen outside the tropical portion of the state. I peeled off large mats of the Polypodium-Epidendrum, and tacked them (with carefully bent wires) on the bark of two of my own Live Oak trees, where the plants seem perfectly at home. The fern stays green and fresh, by being watered in dry weather. The Orchids began t0 bloom in August and have only finished within the last few weeks (February). I have found the Vittaria only in this one jungle, in this county, but have found the Golden Polypody on one of the islands at the mouth of the St. John’s River also. On another of these coastal islands at the river’s mouth, Fort George Island, is a shell mound of considerable ex- tent. Scattered over it are fallen trees, uprooted by hurricanes, their up-ended roots high in the air with GROWING FiLoripaA FEerNns 3 masses of shell-filled soil clinging to them, and it is in the caleareous soil on the almost perpendicular sides of these roots that one finds the rare Cheilanthes micro- phylla. It oeceurs also on a similar shell-mound on Caxambas Island, south of Fort Myers. I have searched the shell mound over on several occasions, but have never found more than three colonies at one time, these always growing in association with Asplenium platyneuron. This island is privately owned, for the most part by pro- gressive individuals, who are true conservationists and carefully guard its real botanical treasures. It contains an ancient blockhouse, numerous slave-houses, and some other century-old buildings of tabby-stone, and in the cracks and crevices of these ancient buildings Asplenium platyneuron finds a foothold, though here it is very small, never more than a few inches high. This Asplenium is not common in our county. I have found it elsewhere only on the steep slopes of the bluffs on the south side of the St. John’s River, where, in the rich loamy soil, it grows much larger. At the foot of the same bluff there is a very fine stand of Athyrium asplenioides, the fronds growing to a height of three feet, with pale, pink-purple rachises. I have never found any Adiantum here, for it is a lime-rock fern and we have practically no rocks. Adi- antum Capillus-V eneris was, until a few years ago, a beautiful sight in the fern-room of the old fort at St. Augustine, but repairs to the roof cut off the water seep- age and it almost entirely died out. However, provision has now been made to admit water, and the ferns were coming back the last time I was there. On the outside walls of the fort’and particularly on the north wall of the portcullis are numerous patches of Adiantum, dwarfed by wind and sunshine. Cyrtomium falcatum also grows Plentifully on the outside walls of the fort and portcullis. I brought home a plant of each from the portcullis wall 4 . AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL and later found another plant of Cyrtomiuwm growing on a brick wall close to the water on a river-front estate at the south side. Dr. Benedict assures me that they were sporeling escapes from cultivated plants. The one from the porteullis wall is a fine healthy plant, but the edges of the fronds are almost perfectly entire, whereas the florists’ plants are deeply toothed. Since building the fernhouse I have made numerous trips into the lime-sink region of Alachua County, which is truly a paradise for the fern student. These sinks are perfect natural ferneries and deserve a few words of de- scription. The Devil’s Mill Hopper, about six miles from Gainesville, is a circular hole in the ground, about 125 feet deep and 250 feet across, or more. The sides are either perpendicular or else the lower half shelves over. There is only one path to the bottom, but one can wor one’s way almost entirely around the upper half of the wall. Numerous springs flow out of the sides; and in spite of the fact that Ripley states that there is only one waterfall in Florida, there are 21 genuine, honest-to-goodness waterfalls in this sink! The floor is raised in the middle and in wet weather is covered with high grass. Most of the waterfalls (and springs) are grouped in less than half of the sink wall. Their water runs together into one stream, which circles a part of the base of the wall and then disappears, smoothly and silently, under a rock at the foot of the cliff. The largest spring of all stands off by itself and gurgles, in a series of cascades, out of a large opening in a frame of black rock, running across the sink floor in a deep channel and joining the rest of the water where it disappears under the cliff. At least that is what it did do; but there has been a change in the sink floor within the last year, and the last time I was there less than half the volume of water from the black spring was running down the old channel, the rest dis- Z GROWING FLORIDA FERNS 5 appearing in a new spring in the sink floor, just to the left of the water fall. These springs are absolutely independent of climatic conditions above the ground; the flow of water varies greatly, but on my last visit there were more springs than I had ever before noticed and the Adiantum cliffs were dripping water, like rain, nothwithstanding that in the surrounding coun- try we had no rain for weeks and the swamps and streams were drying up. When there is plenty of water in the Sink is the time to enjoy the ferns. Then one of the most beautiful sights I know is from the bottom of the sink, looking upward at the walls, which are covered from top to bottom in one cascading mass of Dryopteris normalis, the fronds four to five feet long and the plants so close together that the graceful, recurving fronds seem to over- lap the ones below. Pteris cretica grows in dense clumps in the damp places, and here and there one comes on patches of Dryopteris floridana. On a series of rock ledges near the top we find Adiantum Capillus-Veneris, but these rocks are comparatively easy of access and most of the Adiantums have been carried away. On moss- covered rocks in the canyon bed, which splits the wall on one side, is the dainty little Asplenium heterochroum, and along the edge of the canyon I found another Dryop- teris, with large, broad fronds, smooth and coriaceous, which I have not been able to find in Dr. Small’s or any other book. It seemed to be nowhere but in the one small area. I brought home several specimens which are doing well beside my pool. About ten miles from the sink is a group of rock ledges, which in number of species far exceeds the sink or any other small area I have ever seen. The species I have found and collected there are as follows: Asplenium abscissum, A. Curtissii, A. heterochroum, A. pumilum, A. verecundum, Dryopteris reptans, D. floridana, D. nor- malis, Polypodium Plumula, and Pteris cretica. These 6 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL ferns grow on the sheer sides of the ledges or just below them. A short distance away, in the deep, shady woods, is the finest growth of Asplenium platyneuron I have ever seen; the fronds measure 24 to 30 inches high and show remarkable variation, being toothed till they are almost once again pinnate. The plants are very dense and heavy, and look very unlike the small specimens sommes found in this section. On top of one of the ledges are a few outeronpln rocks, which are the home, in the United States, of Asplenium pumilum. Never are more than a dozen plants of this to be found at one time—seldom that many —and we do not find this dainty, delicate, little fern again any nearer than Mexico and the West Indies. Asplenium Curtissiti was formerly confused with A. myriophyllum of the West Indies, but it is a distinet species and is not found anywhere outside of this lime- sink region. It is a beautiful fern, with delicate, lacy fronds up to 20 inches long, and forms dense mats over large areas of the rock wall. It usually grows with A. abscissum, which is a heavier, coarser fern, and the ex- quisite little A. verecundum, which is found also in the southern part of the state and in Cuba. Dryopteris rep- tans is a small fern, compared with our other species of Dryopteris, and has variable fronds on the same plant, some being narrowly elongated and rooting at the tip, 80 that the plants form continuous mats on the rock wall. From South Florida I seeured Blechnum serrulatum, Ceratopteris deltoidea, Dryopteris ampla (our one ‘‘tree- fern’’), Adiantum tenerum, Asplenium biscayneanum (a species something like A. Curtissii and endemic to the Miami region), Dryopteris gongylodes, and Polypodium pectinatum from a lime sink near Tampa, a beautiful, slender fern, up to four feet high, with black rachises. Tectaria heracleifolia grows from the center of the state southward down into tropical America. It has broad. GROWING FLorIDA FERNS 7 halberd-shaped fronds and is very beautiful and distine- tive. Campyloneuron phyllitidis is another handsome and distinctive fern, having slender, entire fronds with areolate venation. It is found from the central part of the peninsular down into the West Indies. In effect it resembles the simple form of Polypodium irioides, and I hope ultimately to produce a crested form of it similar to that of P. irioides. I have already several plants with tips divided and forked two and three times. Having brought home and put under cultivation all the above ferns, I find it is the variation they exhibit which now interests me most. All but a very few show this. Indeed, Dryopteris normalis and D. floridana are highly yariable in the wild state, and D. normalis shows two forms, one with all the fronds fertile and densely cov- ered on the under side with the almost woolly sporangia, the other with larger, coarser fronds and a part or all of them sterile until late in the season, much less tomentose, and with fewer sporangia. Excepting Cheilanthes micro- phylla, D. floridana is the only outdoor fern I have which was unhurt by the freeze of December 11th, 1934, the other ferns having had all or most of their fronds killed. For several years I have had a group of Lorinseria areolata at the foot of an Oleander tree and have devel- oped fronds so deeply toothed as to be almost again pin- nate, though the divisions are wide and rounded, more Scalloped than toothed. I do not remember having noticed any forked fronds on this fern. Athyrium asplenioides is very variable anyway, and I have had several divided fronds. Dryopteris Thelypteris Shows two forms, one very tall and slender (up to five feet), in shade, and one shorter and relatively broad, in sunny situations. Last summer I found a Golden Polypody frond so dif- ferent from the others that I separated that portion of the root, repotted it, and set it in the greenhouse. The 8 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL divisions were very narrow and cleft to the rachis. It died back, and I am anxiously waiting to see what it will do. There is a great deal of difference in the Adiantums, in the shape of the pinnae and the manner in which they are toothed, and in A. Capillus-Veneris there seem to be dif- ferences characteristic of specimens from various locali- ties. A. tenerum so far shows less variation, but I have not had it so long as the other nor nearly so much of it. Botrychiums do not seem to respond to cultivation so happily as the true ferns and usually die out after a sea- son or two, but one plant which persisted longer devel- oped a frond so deeply divided and laciniated as to bear little resemblance to the rest of its tribe. I cut off the frond and preserved it. The plant itself I took up and potted, but so far it has not ‘‘come back.’’ Most of the rock ferns also show variation, especially Asplenium Curtissii and A. verecundum, and both of these quickly develop ‘‘fish-tail’’ fronds, sometimes divided three times. Since building the fernhouse, which is partially shaded by a large Live Oak, I have had to fight slugs and milli- peds that breed in the damp leaf-mould, and I lost a great number of valuable ferns before I discovered that I could keep the pests under control by covering the benches with tobacco stems and sprinkling tobacco dust over the top of the soil in the pots. They seemed to attack the rock ferns especially, also Pteris cretica, and they killed all of it around my pool. I have one plant left, however, which is flourishing now in a pot in the fernhouse. Near it are several florists’ forms of Pteris, and my once wild plant is taking on itself the frilled forms of its city sisters and is much heavier than when I found it on the wee of the Devil’s Mill Hopper. I neglected to mention one species that came from near Palm Beach—Acrostichum aureum. This is an immense GROWING FLORIDA FERNS 9 fern, growing in water, salt or brackish, and requiring full sun. I have had mine two years and obtained it in early spring. As soon as the warm nights came on in summer it began to develop forked fronds and ‘‘fishtail’’ pinnae, some of the fronds being divided from the middle upward and some having as many as nine divisions at the ends. The pinnae divided up to three, usually. The cold weather fronds are always simple. The most remarkable exhibition of variation I have ever seen is in a plant of the ever-variable Nephrolepis. About four years ago I found this growing on the slope of a lime-sink about 20 miles from Tampa. There were three small plants, connected by runners, each plant hay- ing two long, lax fronds, ranging to about three times pinnate. It was the only time I have ever seen a ‘‘ruf- fled’’ Nephrolepis in the wild, and I carefully dug up and brought home all three plants. I potted them all together and put them in my greenhouse, later sending one to Dr. Benedict. At that time all my ferns were outdoors, and this was the only one I grew ina pot. The following sum- mer I moved to my present location and, having no green- house for a time, kept the fern on the side porch. Here a severe wind and rain storm damaged the fronds so much that I cut them all back, and shortly after put the plant in the newly finished greenhouse. It stayed dor- mant for some time and then started into new growth, but with utterly different fronds, which instead of being long, lax, and gracefully drooping, were short, somewhat rigid, divided, and redivided, one having 12 divisions. The pinnae, instead of being thin and deeply laciniated, Were coriaceous, broad, and entire, except for the fishtail tip. The Succeeding (last) year’s growth was the same, except that the fronds were much larger and heavier, forked usually two to four times at the end, but having the pinnae divided several times at the tip and much 10 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL larger than those of the preceding year. I am anxious to see what it will do this coming year In regard to cultivation, I have tried to duplicate nat- ural conditions as far as possible, planting the swamp ferns where they can be watered freely and the rock ferns in shallow soil with a substratum of old broken oyster shell, which insures perfect drainage and gives them lime. For potting soil I drive out to a swamp and find a rotting hardwood log—Oak or Cypress—and dig out a sackful of the rotten and pulverized wood. The epiphytic ferns I pot in this humus, without the shell. I give all of them dairy fertilizer, usually in liquid form, with an occasional dose of ammonia or nitrate of soda. That is, the potted ones; the outdoor ferns don’t get much besides plenty of water and the leaf mould in which they are naturally growing under the Oaks. My first plant of Cheilanthes microphylla, given me by my good friend who owns a portion of the island, I placed in the greenhouse, and it died. About a year ago she brought me another precious plant of it. This I planted in a wide shallow pot, in loose sand, in which was plenty of the broken old shell from its native mound, and plunged the pot in the soil in full sun. I water it infre- quently, but plentifully when I do. Under this treatment the plant has grown and multiplied, and now I have two or three times as much as I have ever been able to find growing at one time on the whole island. My plant collection comprises genera and species from practically every warm climate country in the world, as well as many rare native ones, but nothing has ever given me the pleasure that I have derived from the ferns col- lected from my native state. I would advise every fern student to grow them; for aside from the joy of watching the living plants develop, the knowledge gained thereby can never be obtained from dead and dried specimens. JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA. List OF VARIETIES AND Forms 11 A List of Varieties and Forms of the Ferns of Eastern North America C. A. WEATHERBY (Continued from Vol. 25, p. 95) Woopsia ILVENsIS (Linnaeus) Robert Brown, Pro- dromus Florae Novae-Hollandiae 158 (1810). Acro- stichum 7. Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1071 (1753).— Blade lanceolate, the lower surface more or less densely covered with narrow seales. Var. aractuis Lawson, Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, new series, 19: 281 (reprint 24) (1864).—Blade narrowly elongate-lanceolate, the low Sparsely scaly. A rare plant, known only where W. ivensis and W. alpina both grow and perhaps a hybrid between them. W. glabella, var. Belli Lawson, 1. ¢., appears from the description to be a large state of the species, somewhat transitional to W. alpina. W. oprusa (Sprengel) Torrey, Catalogue of Plants in New York State Geological Report 195 (1840). Poly- podium o. Sprengel, Anleitung zur Kenntniss der Gewiichse 3: 92 (1804) —Blade broadly lanceolate ; pin- nae triangular-ovate to triangular-lanceolate. F. aneusta (Peck) Clute, Fern Bulletin 15: 127 (1907). W. o. var. a. Peck in Gilbert, List of North American Pteridophytes 39 (1901).—Blade linear- lanceolate (‘‘with fronds 14 in. long, their greatest width 18 only 3 in.’’) ; pinnae also narrower. Var. Darlingtonii Stowell, Journal Trenton Natural History Society 1: 25 (1887) is a form with acute pinnae and narrowly lanceolate, somewhat acute and deeply lobed pinnules. Stowell contrasts it with the opposite extreme in which the broadly oblong, very obtuse pin- _ ‘Rules are little more than shallowly dentate; but there are many intermediate stages and the two do not seem a2 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL clearly separable. Var. Darlingtonii is, at most, no more than a form. CYSTOPTERIS FRAGILIS (Linnaeus) Bernhardi, Schra- der’s Journal 1, part 2: 26, pl. 2, fig. 9 (1806). Poly- podium f. Linnaeus, Species Pivetarcn 1091 (1753).— Rootstock short, ascending or horizontal, or, if somewhat elongate, thickly beset with bases of old fronds, the grow- ing point not projecting beyond the fronds of the season, usually with a conspicuous tuft of scales; fronds rarely more than 8 inches tall; blades pinnate-bipinnatifid, the lower pinnae usually ovate-oblong, about half as wide as long; secondary divisions (at least those nearest the rachis) triangular-ovate to oblong, not narrowed at base, tapering to a blunt tip; indusium glabrous, more or less deeply lobed at the tip (the lobes chee not ‘visible unless the indusium is spread out).—Eurasia; in North Amer- ica from Greenland to Alaska, south to northern New England, the region of the Great Lakes, Missouri and in the mountains to western Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and southern California. C. fragilis is variable in leaf-outline ; in Europe numer- ous varieties,—better treated as forms—have been de- scribed. The following names, or their equivalents, havé been applied, probably correctly, to American plants by D. C. Eaton, Lawson, Gilbert, Farwell, and Clute. F. penTATA (Dickson) Clute, Fern Bulletin 14: 120 (1906). Polypodium d. Dickson, Fasciculi Plantarum Cryptogamicarum Brittaniae 3, no. 1, pl. 7, fig. 1 (1793). —Secondary divisions of the blade coal ‘ovate, very obtuse, with rather shallow lobes (cut no nial than haltf- . way to the midrib), which also are obtus F. aneustata (Hoffmann) Clute, 1. e. Polypodium fragile angustatum Hoffmann ies Roemer & Usteri, Maga- zin fiir die Botanik 9: 11, fig. 14d (1790) —Secondary divisions anette both they and their Pak acute. F. ATA (Davenport) Clute, 1. C. f. var. l. Harcune’ Cans of the Davenport ‘Herbarium 34 (1879).—Secondary divisions irregularly cut into linear lobes. This, originally described from Colorado, has been List OF VARIETIES AND ForMs i3 reported from Michigan Farwell, Report Michigan Academy of Sciences ‘18: 3 (1910). Pe — not really different from the eeicoe **var. raclaet ata.’ F’. cristata (Lowe), n. com ar. c. Lowe, Our Native Ferns [British] 2: 432 (1869) pa of the blade and of the pinnae more or less branched. The American plant has been independently described as C. fragilis var. cristata Hopkins, Ohio Naturalist 10: 181, fig. 2 (1910). This was renamed f. furcata by Clute, Fern Bulletin 18: 82 (1910), because of var. cristata Lowe, which he considered distinct. The name furcata is, however, also preoccupied under C. fragilis, having been used by Milde, Nova Acta 26: 552 (1858). Hop- kins’s plant has longer and narrower segments than that figured by Lowe and is less markedly crested, but the differences are not great and the American plant may, for the present, be left under Lowe’s name. F, SIMULANS Weatherby, Rhodora 37: 376 (1935).— Lower pinnae deltoid-ovate, more than half as broad as long, obtuse ; secondary divisions not deeply pinnatifid, both ang and their lobes obtuse; sori large and con- Spicuo A leafy form, seen only from Missouri, Oklahoma and Texas, striking in its extreme phases and exhibiting a curious association of leaf-form and unusually large sori; but, in the material seen, too ill-defined for varietal status. Its fronds resemble those of small individuals of C. bulbifera, for which it has sometimes been mistaken. F. magnasora Clute, Fern Bulletin 9: 65 (1901), dis- tinguished by its large sori, might be sought here, but the original illustration.does not show the characteristic leaf- outline of f. simulans. Clute’s form probably belongs with typical C. fragilis. ANA Weatherby, Rhodora 28: 0 (1998) Raster: to the typical C. fragilis, but larger, the 14 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL fronds up to 18 in. tall; indusium minutely poner igs" 9 on the back.—In the region surrounding the “Gulf of St. Lawrence, from western Newfoundland to Cape Breton Island; Bruce Peninsula, Onta Var. Macxaytr Lawson, ling Flora of Canada 233 (1889).—Blades usually ’ only pinnate-pinnatifid, the secondary divisions oblong to obovate, narrowed at base, broadly obtuse at apex, widest at or above the middle, often only shallowly toothed ; indusium glabrous, tending to be shorter (0.5 mm.) and less aa lobed than in the typical form, or even entire—-Nova Scotia and southern Quebec to Virginia and occasionally and with various intermediate forms westward to Wisconsin, [Illinois Missouri, and the Black Hills of South Dakota. ‘Almost the only form in southern New England. This is Nephrodium tenue Michaux, Flora Boreali- Americana 2: 269 (1803) (Cystopteris Filix-fragilis var. tenuis Farwell) ; but the name tenuis cannot be used for this variety because of C. fragilis var. tenuis in Milde, Filices Europae et Atlantidis 149 (1867), applied to a different plant. Western plants sometimes approximate the leaf-form of this variety but, so far as I have observed, they have the long indusium of typical C. fragilis and should probably be referred to f. dentata. Var. prorrusA Weatherby, Rhodora 37: 373 (1935). —Rootstock ote only sparsely beset with old frond-bases, the growing point projecting horizontally beyond the fronds of the season ? to nearly 2 inches, more r less brown-woolly, but only sparingly scaly; hoe developed blades nearly bipinnate-pinnatifid, the wing along the midrib of the pinnae very narrow; secondary divisions triangular-ovate to lance-ovate, broadest near the base, deeply pinnatifid ; indusium as in var. Mackayt. —Staten Island, New York, south in the Piedmont and the mountains to North Carolina and Alabama, west to Minnesota and Missouri. CYSTOPTERIS BULBIFERA (L.) Bernhardi, Scheie s ‘Scueual 1, part 2: 10 (1801). Polypodium b. Linnae List oF VARIETIES AND Forms 15 Species Plantarum 1091 (1753).—Blades very long and narrow, with long-attenuate bulblet-bearing tips Ing a considerable development and fruiting freely with- out producing the elongate tip. PTERETIS NoDULOSA (Michaux) Nieuwland, eee, Midland Naturalist 4: 334 (1916). Onoclea n. Michau Flora Boreali-Americana 2: 272 (1803). (0. Reuthiae. teris and Matteuccia Struthiopteris of American manu- als, but these names properly belong to the European ostrich — —Fertile = sterile fronds separate and unlike ; ondary segments of the former much con- tracted fae inrolled, forming very pe necklace-like pinnae; rachis of sterile frond glabro F. optustuopata (Clute) eee hodes 37: 219 (1935). Onoclea Struthiopteris, f. 0. Clute, Fern Bulle- tm 18: 111 (1910)—Fronds variously intermediate between normal fertile and normal sterile conditions. F. pupescens (Terry) Fernald, l. ¢. Struthiopteris germanica f. p. Terry, Fern Bulletin 16: 5 and 49 (1908). —Rachis with fine, “whitish pubescence. ONocLEA sENsrIBILIs Linnaeus, Species Siapee — (1753) —Fertile fronds bipinnate, the free-veined p nules tightly rolled up into bere: like bodies “with dies sori inside; sterile fronds plane, net-veined, pinnatifid, the few divisions from nearly aks or wavy-margined to deeply cut into oblong, acute 1 OBTUSILOBATA (Schkuhr) naiiet: ag of North American Iaridophyias 18 (1901). 90. Sechkuhr, Kryptogamische Gewiichse 95, pl. 103 (1889) —Fronds intermediate between normal fertile and normal gee 16 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Var. bipinnata Lawson, Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, new series, 19: 113 (reprint 13), is, as Lawson himself states, the same as f. obtusilobata. F. hemiphyllodes (Kiss & Kiimmerle), n. comb. 0. monstr. h. Kiss & Kiimmerle, Annales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 24: 88 (1926) —Frond fertile, or somewhat so, on one side, sterile on the other. Gray HERBARIUM, CAMBRIDGE, Mass. (To be continued.) Ferns of the Vicinity of New York! Rosert P. St. JOHN That Dr. John K. Small, Curator of the New York Botanical Garden, is concentrating his attention on ferns is welcome news to the readers of this journal. During forty years of field experience devoted to general botany he has amassed material which he is now giving to the public in a series of fern manuals. The series, it is rumored, will eventually cover a large part of the United States north of Mexico. Ferns of the Vicinity of New York, the second volume in this series, is an octavo of 285 pages, printed with customary neatness and accuracy (except for the num- bering of the genera from Thelypteris to Pteretis) by The Science Press, and bound in brown. The cover is stamped with an illustration of ebony spleenwort and a climbing fern appears on the jacket. A brief history of botanical study in New York City is given in the preface. The introduction is devoted 1 Ferns of the Vicinity of New York. Descriptions of fern plants growing naturally within a hundred miles of Manhattan Island. With notes. By John Kunkel Small. (Illustrated). Published by The Science Press, 1935. $2.50. FERNS IN THE VICINITY oF New YorkK ij largely to a discussion of the various plant provinces of the Local Area. The boundaries of each province are located on a section of Fenneman’s map of physiographic divisions of the United States, and the fern growth of each and its relation to the prevailing rocks and geologi- cal history is made clear. The taxonomic section treats of eighty-five ferns and fern allies including all ferns known in Connecticut, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, and all known in New York and New England except a few rare or northern species. Kach fern or fern ally is illustrated with a full-page drawing, well executed and of scientific worth, showing, where size permits, the gross appearance and habit, with enlargements bringing out the veining and fructification as well. The latter are represented with much skill, and are clearly the work of an artist competent to depict botanical details of taxonomic significance. Had the lim- its of the book permitted there might well have been in- cluded also drawings of the larger ferns (of which only fragments of the fronds are here shown) showing the Shapes of their entire fronds, as an amateur can scarcely visualize such ferns as the bracken and Virginia chain fern from the portions given. Following the main chapter is a taxonomic list of the eighty-five species of ferns of the Local Area, with cita- tions, by Dr. John H. Barnhart. It gives all synonyms of these ferns likely to be met by readers of modern American fern literature. To all local fern students this will prove valuable both as a taxonomic dictionary of names and as an index to literature. On page 256 the technical names used in this work are compared with those used in Gray’s Manual and in Britton and Brown’s Illustrated Flora. The glossary and the index are un- usually complete. The latter tabulates all names in the numerous habital and taxonomic lists. 18 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL As the book is intended primarily for amateurs, the language is non-technical, in so far as possible. Even in the descriptions of genera and species the author at- tempts, without detriment to accuracy, to use simple words. He prefers rootstock, leaf, blade, and petiole to rhizome, frond, lamina, and stipe. The keys are founded on minute characters only in those cases, such as separation of the woodsias, where gross characters constant in significance seem to be lack- ing. To simplify use, families are divided into groups before they are separated into genera. The keys are dichotomous, a form which may tempt the maker to ig- nore slight lack of conformity to key-groups but which facilitates identification. Since the book is prepared primarily for amateurs in fern study it might have been well had the author marked the accents of scientific names. Beginners have less hesi- tancy in the use of botanical names if they receive aid toward pronunciation on first meeting names. Further- more, it might have been better if the author had further followed Gray’s Manual in printing in italies, in the de- scriptions of species, the most diagnostic characters. hy consider such practice out of date, since nothing better has been used in its place? The descriptions of species in a popular manual serve two purposes. First, they serve as extensions of the key where specific identification is completed. Secondly, they record a more or less complete set of specifie charac- ters for reference. For the latter purpose it may be wise to repeat the same character in the deseription of several plants in the genus. In such cases it seems best, as an aid to beginners and to facilitate reference, to use some means of emphasizing diagnostic characters. One need not hesitate to follow the leading of Gray’s Manual. FERNS IN THE VICINITY OF NEw YorRK 19° This manual of botany was the most usable and conse- quently the most popular ever produced. It is true that in the popular accounts which follow the technical descriptions of each species the author does often point out easy means by which a beginner can dis- tinguish a species in the field from others which struc- turally or superficially resemble it. These popular essays make a valuable addition to the book. They frequently give the common Latin synonyms, the vernacular names, the discovery of the fern, its taxonomic history, the com- mon variations from type, a little about varieties and forms, the geographic and altitudinal range, favored habitats, rock preferences, the maturing of spores, habits of growth, and its performance in the fern garden. These facts are well worth recording. To label such material ‘‘bed time stories’’ savors a little of the closet botanist who studies static structure and neglects charac- ters observable only in the living growing plant. On page 111 the author gives a list of hybrids between Species of Dryopteris—and there drops the subject. Sooner or later every student of ferns becomes interested in those critical forms. They are forced on one’s atten- tion when making identifications and are interesting because of genetic problems. There may be scant hope of finding a species of fern new to the New York City area, but there is always the possibility of finding an in- teresting hybrid. Since the author did not care to draw on his broad experience and the pertinent literature scat- tered through many publications to add an illustrated description of hybrids in the New York area, the task remains for some one else. In the preface Dr. Small speaks of ‘‘untidy genera’’ that are still maintained in the classifications of some fern Students. The changes he proposes, nevertheless, are not So numerous as some would expect. He follows Butters 20 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL in placing Asplenium acrostichoides Sw. in Diplazium, but goes further and assigns Asplenium angustifoliwm Michx. to a separate genus, Homalosorus, proposed here for the first time and founded on what are perhaps sig- nificant technical and habital characters. The ferns now commonly considered by botanists under Pryopteris he places in two groups, Dryopteris and Thelypteris, which he maintains are clearly separated by the evergreen or non-evergreen leaves and by the vena- tion of the leaflets. Dryopteris campyloptera (Kunze) Clarkson replaces Dryopteris dilatata (Hoftm.) A. Gray, as to the plant of eastern North America. He retains Phegopteris as a valid genus. In Equisetum he recog- nizes the American FE. praealtum Raf. as distinct from the European E. hyemale L. In Salvinia the name 8. auriculata Aubl. replaces S. natans (Li.) Al., which pre- vious to Weatherby’s study was commonly misidentified. Few will find fault with the changes in taxonomy and nomenclature in Ferns of the Vicinity of New York. Whether predestined by priority or indicated by struc- ture and habit, they all seem to be constructive and to bring nearer the time when few changes will be neceés- sary. As this book is the first fern manual to cover the New York area completely, it will be weleome. Whoever dis- criminatingly turns its pages will find evidence of a broa acquaintance with botanical problems. The author sees ferns as a section of the plant world and in preparing descriptions is skillful to choose characters of true botani- eal significance. There is throughout the work a sure- ness of step sometimes missing in the work of those who limit their study to ferns. Foran City, Fuoripa. PTERIS MULTIFIDA IN FLORIDA 21 Shorter Notes PTERIS MULTIFIDA PorR. NATURALIZED IN WEST-CENTRAL FLoripa.—For several weeks during the early spring of 1935 I had the pleasure of hobnobbing with Messrs. R. P. and E. P. St. John, and am grateful to them for a splen- did introduction to the fern treasures of their territory, as described by them in their illuminating article in the April-June number of the Fern Journau. On Febru- ary 27, a short time after their observations were submit- ted, I discovered a colony of Pteris multifida about a mile southeast of Inverness, on the so-called Wildwood Road. in Citrus County. So far as I know, this plant has not been recorded south of Jacksonville. Specimens in abun- dance covered the perpendicular limestone walls of a large pit beside an orange grove, and just off the dirt road. Only one other fern was found here, that being Dryopteris normalis, also growing rankly. Regarding the origin of the little Pteris in this spot, we learned that the pit (some twenty feet long, ten wide, and eight or nine feet deep) was dug about six years ago, the earth having been used in road construction. It Seems that the pit had once been used as a dump, which possibly accounts for the presence of the species.— Maurice Broun, Orleans, Mass. NOMENCLATORIAL NOVELTIES IN SMALL’S FERNS OF THE Victniry or New YorK.—By way of supplementing Mr. St. John’s general review of this new book, a few notes on certain technical matters seem worth publishing. The book under discussion contains these novel usages: p. 35. Pteris in place of the now usual Pteridiwm. When the Linnean composite genus Pteris was being dis- membered, Scopoli named the portion of it comprising the brackens Pteridium, and has been followed by most recent authors. Small prefers to retain the original reve AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL name for this portion, presumably because a representa- tive grew in Linnaeus’ region. p. 77. Diplazium in place of Athyrium (or Asplenium, subgenus Athyrium) for the Silver-fern (‘‘Silvery Spleenwort.’’) This is just a question of what propor- tion of paired sori must be present to lead to removal of a given species from Athyrium. Small considers even a few sufficient; but final decision will require review of the group from a world-wide standpoint. p. 80. Homalosorus, a new genus, in place of Athorten for the Glade-fern (‘‘Narrow-leaved Spleenwort.’’) This is segregated on the basis of ‘‘the even branching of the veins in the leaflets and the termination of the veins and veinlets in the sinuses on the leaflet edge, to- gether with the numerous oblique sori arranged in almost perfectly parallel order.’’ Here too study of the group over a wide area is needed. p. 85. Thelypteris for the Marsh-fern Section of Dry- eee Although from the world-wide standpoint the genus Dryopteris is perhaps not divisible, the raising to veneric rank of such of its subgenera as can readily be distinguished within the area covered may be regarded as permissible in a local flora. p- 117. Phegopteris retained as genus, in spite of the eurrent tendency to throw it in with Dryopteris. The argument of the preceding paragraph holds equally well here. p. 162. Botrychiwm lanceolatum instead of B. angus- tisegmentum. Based on the belief that ‘‘the American plant with narrow leaf segments . . . and the more typi- cal European form [with broad segments] occur within the same range or the same colonies in America.’’ This is contrary to the experience of some recent field workers. p. 172. B. multifidum as the earliest name for B. ‘‘ter- natum intermedium,’’ or B. silaifolium. The relations JAPANESE SHIELD FERN 23 between the western and eastern material need further study. p. 204. Lycopodium selago with L. porophilum placed in a subgeneric series, Selagones, separate from that con- taining L. lucidulum, the Lucidula. This is inaceceptable to a field worker, for it overemphasizes differences in extent of creeping stem of ecological origin. The so- called L. porophilum comprises both lax ecads of L. selago and entire-leaved variants of L. lucidulum, thus forming a connecting link between them, which has led some authors to consider them only varietally distinct. EK. T. WHerry. THE JAPANESE SHIELD FererN.—The following, re- printed, with the courteous permission of the Garden authorities, from the Journal of the New York Botanical Garden for September, 1935, should interest many of our readers. The illustration was kindly supplied by Mr. Daniel T. Walden Four specimens of an exotic fern have been growing for many years, unprotected, in the fern garden north of the old rockery. The number of hardy ferns native to the New York region being limited to searcely more than a dozen satisfactory species, this foreigner should be very welcome in our gardens. The Japanese Shield Fern, Dryopteris erythrosora, bears twice-pinnate broadly triangular blades 15 to 20 inches long on 10-inch dark brown and deeply grooved stipes. The rachis is colored like the stipe; and both, though smooth and brittle in appearance, are thinly cov- ered with dark hairs. The basal and the next two pairs of pinnae are turned outward, as in the Beech ferns, and are 6 inches long x 2 inches broad at the base, taper- ing rapidly to an acute tip. The pinnules are rounded, very slightly toothed, and decurrent. The indusia are 24 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL peltate or reniform, whitish, with a brilliant orange center. They appear close to the mid-vein, and in two rows reaching up to within a half inch of the tip, of each pinnule. The sporangia ripen in mid-July, and by August Ist the remaining indusia are a deep grayish violet color and the exposed sori a shining black. These subsequently change to rusty brown. The special contribution of this fern to the garden is in the bronzy variegated coloring of the young blades in May and early June. Distinct purplish and cocoa shades occur. At maturity the color has changed to a rich glossy green, showing whitish areas where the heavy sori are depressed from below. The fronds become a bit ragged after August Ist, but new ones appear at this time, of a strong claret color. Spores are borne on the majority of these later fronds, ripening in September. Through the latter part of summer the predominant color is a kind of citron-green. A good companion is the familiar Marginal Shield Fern, which seems very blue- vreen by contrast. The plants in the Botanical Garden have been estab- lished for many years, and are perfectly hardy. They bear spores prolifically, but the dryness of our summer apparently prevents natural propagation. Young plants ave been raised, however, in the Amateur Gardening Classes. The fronds grow from a terminal crown on a thick underground creeping stem, but there has been no increase of plants from the rhizomes. A New Foro or THE CINNAMON FeRN.—At Lake She- hawken, Wayne County, Pa., the writer found a form of Osmunda cinnamomea that was so unusual that at first he mistook it for a sterile frond of Clinton’s fern. Mr. Weatherby ealled it a freak form of the Cinnamon fern. As most of these forms are interesting plant de- AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VOLUME 26, PLATE 1 DRYOPTERIS ERYTHROSORA. 26 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL velopments, and are likely to oceur elsewhere, I am giv- ing a description of it. MUNDA CINNAMOMEA, forma crenulata.’ Dif. pinnules of the upper part of the frond congruent, forming irregular lobes; veins of pinnules generally divided farther from the mid-rib; distance between the pinnae one-half greater. A specimen has been sent to the Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia. This form is entirely different from forma incisa in which the serrations, in plants I have examined, have a mid-rib with its own veinlets, and are found on only a part of the pinnae. The unusual growth of this new form may be caused _ by excess moisture and shade, as it grew among thick undergrowth, and so close to the water’s edge that it is probably submerged in the early spring—W. L. Dx, Trenton, N. J. BoTrYCHIUM DISSECTUM AND FORMA oBLIQUUM.—In 1931 and 1932 I marked a number of plants of Botrychium dissectum Spreng. and its forms growing in the Indiana Dunes State Park, Porter County, Indiana. I collected fronds from the plants each year until 1934, when ‘‘improvements’’ in the State Park destroyed the most valuable plants. e experiment included about one hundred plants, representing B. dissectum Spreng., B. dissectum f. 1 OSMUNDA CINNAMOMEA, forma crenulata, forma nova. A forma typica differt pinnis obtusis, pinnulis crenatis vel crenulatis; pinnis superioribus tantum irregulariter lobatis, nee pinnatifidiis; pinnis distantioribus. Typus in herb. Academiae Scientiarum Naturalium Philadelphicae. AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VOLUME 26, PLATE Collected of Loke Shehanken, tu 937 Wh. Dis OSMUNDA CINNAMOMEA, FORMA CRENULATA, 28 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL obliquum (Muhl.) Fernald, B. dissectum f. oneidense (Gilbert) Clute, B. dissectum f. elongatum (Gilbert & Haberer) Weatherby and many intergrading forms. However, the most important results were reached in the changes of B. dissectum and B. dissectum f. obliquum. Therefore, I shall not consider the other forms here ex- cept to remark that succeeding fronds of the same plant were identical in very few cases. Of the twenty plants of B. dissectum f. obliquum I had marked, eight changed to a more simple leaf form, and one changed to B. dissectum. Two did not change at all and the other nine changed only slightly. Three of the seventeen plants of B. dissectum changed to B. dissectum f. obliquum and the others changed slightly within the orm. Due to the short time the experiment was carried on and to the small amount of material, it could not be ex- pected that many plants would change radically. There- fore, even though only three plants changed from B. dissectum to B. dissectum f. obliquum, and one from B. dissectum f. obliquum to B. dissectum, I think that this is sufficient evidence on which to base the following con- clusions: Since B. dissectum changes to B. dissectum f. obliquum and vice versa, they cannot be considered as definite and permanent products of evolution; but rather must be considered as fairly distinct types that are likely to be created, one from another, each year. It is obvious, therefore, that B. dissectum and B. dis- sectum f. obliquum cannot be separated into two species. This is as far as the experimental evidence will allow us to go, but the exact relation between B. dissectum and B. dissectum f. obliquum ought to be considered: that is, which form is the original and which the derivative? From a general study of the species one finds that the two forms differ consistently in two and only two re- AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VOLUME 26, PLATE 3 C 1931 ANNUAL CHANGES IN THE LEAVES OF BOTRYCHIUM. 30 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL spects: distribution and leaf architecture. Considering each of these differences, one can present valid arguments for and against each alternative on the basis of distribu- tion; but on the basis of leaf architecture the evidence points in only one direction. In the cutting of the frond there is a gradation from B. dissectum, many distant lobes on the pinnule, to B. ~ dissectum f. obliquum, few or no lobes on the pinnule. Bower (F. O. Bower, The Ferns, vol. I, p. 85) says: ‘* |. . that in a primitive type of leaf construction the segments resulting from distal branching were separate laterally one from another; but that by progressive webbing they became coherent laterally to form broader expanses in later and derivative types.’’ Therefore we may conclude that by a process of fusion of the distal lobes, B. dissectum f. obliquum has been derived from B. dissectum.—R. M. Tryon, Jr., Chicago, Illinois. American Fern Society Report of the President for 1935 The most notable event of the past year has been the completion of the 25th volume of this JourNaL with the issue of No. 4 on December 28, 1935. The first number appeared on August 16, 1910, and a second four months later, both being privately financed by a group of mem- bers. Early the following year the JourNaL was adopted as the official organ of the American Fern Society, and four numbers have been issued each year since. The average number of pages has been 137 per volume, and the total to date 3,432. In order to give us wider pub- licity, a notice of this achievement has been sent t0 Science. The convenience of a collective index is so great that the President has undertaken to have one prepared, and AMERICAN FERN Society BI it will be published as soon as practicable. There will be no expense to the Society for its compilation, but its publication will require a large share of our income for the current year. It will be sold at the lowest price which seems practicable, and all members are urged to make an effort to help the Society out by purchasing copies, as well as by completing their back files of the JourNAL. Our 1925 membership list shows a total of 325 names, and the following geographic summary may be of inter- est. New York claims the largest number of members, 68, Massachusetts with 55 coming second. Then follow Pennsylvania (28), New Jersey (17), California (16), Ohio (12), District of Columbia (11), and Florida (10). Twenty-five additional states show one to nine members each, but in sixteen states we have no members at all. There must be many people interested in ferns in these as well as in the earlier-listed states, who would come into the Society if they knew of it, and it is earnestly hoped that our members will continue to urge their friends and correspondents to join. : Epear T. Wuerry, President. Report of the Secretary for 1935 Two meetings of the American Fern Society took place during 1935. The Society’s Field Day was held in con- junction with the Torrey Botanical Club, under the diree- tion of Dr. Benedict and Dr. Svenson, of the Brooklyn Botanie Garden, at Springdale, N. J., on September fifteenth. At the annual Convocation of the American Associa- tion for the Advancement of Science, held this year at St. Louis, Missouri, the Fern Society’s program was given Wednesday afternoon. Dr. Julian A. Steyermark, of the Missouri Botanical Garden, gave a report on the ‘‘Ferns and Fern Allies of Missouri,’’ and Professor oe AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Dwight M. Moore, of the University of Arkansas, re- ported on the ‘‘Ferns and Fern Allies of Arkansas.”’ “*Notable Range Extension of Ferns in Illinois’’ was pre- sented by Miss Mary M. Steagall, of Southern Illinois Teachers College. The Nominating Committee appointed by President Wherry presented a slate for 1936 providing for the con- tinuation of the same officers, who were duly elected. On the same ballot, for the consideration of the member- ship, were offered six changes in the Constitution, recom- mended by the special committee appointed to consider such changes. These were all carried unanimously or by a large majority, as reported by the Judge of Elec- tions. The change adopted in Article VI section 4, changing the date of sending ballots from October first to November first, necessitates a corresponding change in the next section,—Article VI section 5,—which reads: ‘‘Balloting shall begin October first and end November first.’ To carry out the obvious intention this should be amended to read ‘‘. . . November first and end De- cember first.’’ When this further change has been approved, the re- vised Constitution will be printed as a supplement to a number of the JouRNAL, so that each member may have a copy at hand. The end of the year 1935 finds the Membership List with 325 names. During the year we have lost, through death, three members,— Willard Webster Eggleston, Miss Carrie Hammond Williams, and Walter H. Aiken. There have been a number of resignations, and some names of inactive members have been removed from the list. This accounts in part for the lessened number in comparison with the 350 on our list at the beginning of 1935. Dur- ing the year thirty new members have joined the Society, compared with thirty-seven in 1934. AMERICAN FERN Society 33 Some analysis of the membership may be of interest. Of the nine Charter Members and those who joined in 1893,—the year the Linnean Fern Chapter of the Agassiz Association was formed,—there are still three active members with us. Three of those who came in during 1897 are also still on the List. Each year from 1893 to 1898 has at least one representative of those who joined during that year. 1899 and 1900 are not represented. From 1901 to 1909, inclusive, each year has from one to three represented in the present membership. n 1905 the name was changed to the American Fern Society, and in 1910 the AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL super- seded the Fern Bulletin as the official publication. 1910 and 1911 seem to have been years of greatly increased membership; for we still have six who came in during 1910 and fourteen for 1911. Of those who joined during the years through 1911, about thirty-five, or one-tenth, of the present membership have been in the Society for twenty-five years or longer. Many of these have devoted years of service in one capacity or another to the business of the Society, and we may well take this opportunity to Say to each of them ‘‘Greetings!’’ and ‘‘Good Health!’’ Respectfully submitted, Este Grsson WHITNEY, Secretary. Report of the Treasurer for 1935 RECEIPTS Cash on hand, Jan. 1, 1935 me $167.89 1934 subseriptions—arrears § 10.30 1932 Syoeaplauce e 61.14 1935 ty —n 13.75 1936 a i Senwale a. 38,95 1936 os —new 3.75 1934 memberships—arrears 31.50 1935 - —old 354.10 1935 - —new ... 42.00 1936 dé —old ye 34 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Sale of back numbers of FERN JOURNAL occ 112.97 Gifts 39.67 Reprin 35.10 Sale 2 “hart? s-tongue F Discounts on iar. Besar PPOSR coi cls 22.23 —— 795.31 $963.20 DISBURSEMENTS Science Press, vol. 24, no, 4 of FERN JOURNAL.....$ 94.14 ‘é ee ee 95 ce Eg cé cé¢ SS Soper 92 655 ce ee cé 25. ee Rite oé eRe 116.43 iiGel eh gi k | See ie ge 124.55 ay envelopes 10.98 ae fe —— 47.84 Payments on loa 200.00 Agency commission subscriptions Ore Cue lie ae, 7.54 Bank charges ge Nov. 30) 45 Refund to T. McCo P35) Returned foie: faulty endorsement. ...........0...- 2.20 Sale of hart’s-tongue fern—postage 0.0.0.0. 2.21 Expense, ane retary 39.14 er 32.23 oe oaranee i 772.16 Cash on hand, Jan. 1, 1936 $191.04 FINANCIAL STATEMENT, DECEMBER 31, 1935 ASSETS Chal ‘ok Sk a ee $ 191.04 Cash in closed bank se 12.40 Notes Receivable ue 3y200,00 Accounts Receiv vable, ea 23.3 1934 Month. Meeeivalie ee 38.79 Inventory, feos Parr Jeewens 607.17 $4,072.73 LIABILITIES as Capital Account $3,702. Notes Payable 200.00 1936 Subs. Renewed, Suspense Account eee 38.95 1936 Subs. Now (= eee: 3.75 1935 Memb. Payments, Suspense Account 107.66 1936 Memb. Payments, 19.75 pecaee $4,072.73 During 1935 the Boxiety received as gifts the sum of $39.67. Of this amount, $18.50 was donated by one of AMERICAN FERN SoOcIeTY 35 our members who asks that his gifts remain anonymous. (It may be added here that the same member has made a contribution for 1936.) Payments by two members of engraving costs of articles published-in the JourNAL account for the remainder of this sum. The treasurer feels that the outstanding debt ($200.00) should be paid, if possible, during the coming year. This amount repre- sents part of the loan of $500.00 made to the Society in 1933 through the generosity of one of its members. Pay- ment of $300.00 has been made since that time. When this loan has been repaid, it is hoped that the present ““emergency’’ will be over and that the funds of the Society can again be segregated into the Emergency Fund, General Fund, and Special Permanent Fund, an arrangement long ago accepted for the Society. ‘‘All current expenses should be met from regular receipts and . . . the income from the sale of back numbers of the JOURNAL . . . be set aside as a reserve fund, to be ex- pended only in ease of emergency, and if not thus ex- pended, at the close of the year, to be placed in the Permanent Fund for which our constitution now pro- vides.’”’ (Report of the President, AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL, vol. vii, 21 (1916).) Henry K. Svenson, Treasurer. Report of the Editor for 1935 The completion of the 25-year period in the life of an individual or an institution, such as matrimony, is usu- ally the occasion for some special celebration. Th American Fern Society took to itself as a partner the AMERICAN FERN JouRNAL 25 years ago. The first year and some of the succeeding early years constituted a period of experimentation and adjustment. The Fern Journau was definitely a new venture and many things were uncertain. After a few years, however, 36 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL matters became definitely stabilized, and as the years passed the problems of the editors, beginning each new year, have remained essentially the same. There have been periods when there was a great dearth of manuscript in the copy drawer and others when there was a plenitude. On the whole, the editors have had a pleasant and rela- tively easy task. Members have been decidedly lenient in the judging of editorial mistakes and delinquencies, and the association, among the editors and with the mem- bers, has been very pleasant. Looking forward to the 26th volume,—shall we say to the second twenty-five years of the Fern JourNaL,—the editors, whoever they may be, cannot ask more than has been accorded in the past,—a rather wide-spread interest and communication on the part of the members, occa- sional assistance with the extra expenses of illustrations, and a tolerant attitude for the occasional mistakes which editors are bound to make. Report of the Judge of Elections Nov. 15, 1935 Mrs. Elsie Gibson Whitney, Secretary of the American Fern Society, New York State Museum, Albany, N. Y. My dear Mrs. Whitney, 110 ballots were returned. There was one additional ballot, postmarked November 2, 2:30 P.M., which I did not count. The tabulation is as follows: For President—Dr. Edgar T. Wherry. .......---:-cccsscocseconssesssee 101 For Vice-President—Mrs. Carlotta C. Hall 00... 102 For Secretary—Mrs, Elsie Gibson Whitney .............. 101 For Treasurer—Dr,. Henry K. Svenson .....c.scccccccccsceeen 102 AMERICAN FERN Society mF f Amendments to the Constitution, Article IV, Sec. 2 110 Article IV, Sec. 5 110 Article VI, See. 1 108 Article VI, See. 2 107 Article VI, Sec. 4 107 One ballot substituted the name of C. A. Weatherby for President. As Judge of Elections I declare the regular ballot elected: Dr. Wherry for President, Mrs. Hall for Vice- President, Mrs. Whitney for Secretary, Dr. Svenson for Treasurer, and the Amendments adopted. Respectfully submitted, Louise F, A. Tanaer, Judge of Elections THE Jornt Frevp Trip oF THE AMERICAN FERN Socrery anp Torrey BoranicaL Cius, SPRINGDALE, NEw JeRsEY.—On September 15, 1935, members of the Ameri- can Fern Society and the Torrey Botanical Club met at 10 A.M. at Springdale, near Newton, New Jersey, for a joint field trip. Dr. Benedict led the party to Muckshaw Swamp, where rich and extensive marsh land, dissected by ridges of limestone, formed a terrain favorable to the growth of ferns and many other interesting plants. Sev- eral fern hybrids were located, among which were D. Goldiana x marginalis and various crosses in the spinu- losa group. After luncheon, at the ‘‘Big Spring,’’ and an informal meeting of the Fern Society, in which the financial out- look and the Society’s herbarium were discussed, the com- pany drove to the humus swamp northeast of Newton, where quite different but equally interesting marsh plant- associations were encountered. The following registered as present at the outing: rae arg G. P. Bowman, af Willard Benedict, R. C. Chute, Hettie M. 38 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Dix, W. L. Small, Florence M. Dole, W. H. Small, A. Dunbrack, Winifred J. Smith, Ira B. Judd, Mr. and Mrs, G. F. St. , Mr. and Mrs. R. P. Marsh, Mr. and Mrs. Spencer S. Streeter, Stella G. Merriman, M. C. Svenson, Mr. and Mrs. H. K. Nestler, Trudell, Harry W. erer, William Wherry, Edgar T Rosenberg, Theresa Wilkens, Miss A usk, Hester M. Wilkens, Hans Schiffman, Abraham —Rosert P. St. JOHN. Huntine Fern Hysrips near Newron, N. J.—Sup- plementing Mr. St. John’s account of the September field trip, a few additional notes may be of interest. The selection of the Newton region was the result of an iso- lated bit of information dating back some thirty years. About that time, my interest and knowledge regarding Dryopteris hybrids were considerably enhanced by con- tacts with Dr. Philip Dowell. With him, I visited a number of localities near New York City in search of possible hybrids. Considerable time was spent also in the study of herbarium material at the New York Botani- cal Garden which he had colleeted. One of the most interesting plants, Dryopteris Goldi- ana x marginalis, was reported by him from Newton, New Jersey. The locality remained merely the name of a town until this year. With Dr. Svenson, I had made two or three annual Election Day trips into Sussex County where Newton is located and had looked about for a large swamp in the Newton region but without finding it. Finally, in connection with the Torrey Club field meeting in May, with headquarters in Branchville, N. J., one of the trips took us to Muckshaw Swamp, a few miles south of Newton. Here Dryopteris Goldiana was found in con- siderable abundance, although no hybrids were located at that time. The September trip had already been scheduled and I was convinced that the region was probably visited by AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY 39 Dowell thirty years before. In his notes on ‘‘New Ferns described as Hybrids in the Genus Dryopteris’’ (Bull. Torrey Club, Vol. 35, 1908), he says: ‘‘ About a score or more plants of this fern were found along the edge of a large swamp west of Springdale, near Newton, New Jer- sey, on July 4, 1907, Dowell 4931, type. On July 22 another plant (No. 5035) of this fern was found in a different part of the swamp.”’ On the recent September trip, the first example of a hybrid found was a single plant growing on sloping talus, perhaps eight feet above the swamp level. Further along, Mr. and Mrs. Marsh ran across a colony of per- haps thirty or forty plants. It would appear probable that this latter station is the same as the one from which Dowell reported ‘‘about a score or more plants. Whether the other single specimen is the same as seen by him may be questioned. The large number of plants in the one spot is a matter of great interest since these Dry- opteris hybrids have not been found to be fertile on earlier examination. Herbarium and living plant material were elloctd and the latter transplanted to a favorable situation in the Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Studies are under way of some of the critical characteristics of the putative hybrids and the probable parents. It has previously been noted that the indusia of some of these species present distine- tive cell characteristics which can be used in checking the identity of a possible hybrid. The different scale charac- ters may probably also be relied upon. On October 12 of this year, another visit was made to the same locality. The differential effect of early frosts was interesting to note. Nearly all the plants of Goldi- ana affinity showed more or less breakage or discolora- tion. A large quantity of leaves of D. Goldiana x mar- ginalis were collected and have been pressed as herbarium specimens. 40 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Dowell’s paper cites another Goldiana hybrid, Clin- toniana x Goldiana, as collected in the same region. The September trip did not bring forth anything clearly identified as this form, but other summers are coming and another Society fern trip to the same place is now sug- gested. The particular swamp where these plants grow is part of a large, private, restricted tract. Sincere appreciation is hereby expressed to Mr. Augustus Whittingham for the opportunity to visit the locality—R. C. B Dr. Everett G. Logue wishes to obtain, either by pur- chase or exchange, spores or living plants of Polystichum acrostichoides var. gravesii, var. lanceolatum, or any other noteworthy variant of this species. Members inter- ested should address Dr. Logue at the First National Bank Building, Williamsport, Pa. New members : Constantine, Thomas S., 793 East 169th yt New York City. Curry, Mrs. E. Worn. Litchfield, Con Lee, Edward, Dept. of Botany, Suess of California, Berke- ley, Cal Vowhirl, Rev. Dr. Hubert, St. Bonaventure College, St. Bona- Slee Whitehead, Sack: Boyce Thompson Southwestern Arboretum, Superior ite Yang, Mrs. ae. Tika Chen Gin 0), Fukien Christian Uni- versity, matte China. Changes of address: Bill, Mrs. G. E., ¢/o Mrs. Poor, Old Meadows, Beverley Farms, Clausen, Robert T. es Hortorium, ak Place, Ithaca, N. Y- Darling, Cyrus, Box 103, Westboro, Mas Delafield, Mrs. Joka R., 17 East 79th St., poe York City. Little, Elbert L., Jr., Box 443, Globe, Ariz. A field meeting of the Society is being planned for Sunday, June 20th, to see the Scolopendrium and other notable ferns around Syracuse, New York. Details will be announced later. We hope also to have another joint meeting with the Torrey Botanical Club in September. THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB Including Bulletin, Memoirs, and Torreya, $5.00 a year PUBLICATIONS ulletin. Monthly, except July. te and September, estab- lished 1870. Price $6.0 00 a : a year : numbers 75 cents. Of former volumes, only 24-47 can Se opie separately. u- seripts intended for publication in the BULLETIN should be an dressed to M. A. Cazystur, Editor, Rutgers University, New Bruns- s. Torreya. Bi-monthly, oman 1901. at $1.00 a year. Manuscripts intended for publication in Torreya should be ad- dressed to Grorcz T. HASTINGS, Editor, 2587 Sesaewisk Ave., New York, N. Y. Memoirs. Gccasional, established 1889. Price, $3.00 to $5.00 a Catalogue of Anthophyta and lagig ate bes within eee: of nade York City, 1888. On sale. eed from to 50 Sikecrintions’ ae other business communications should be ad- ssed to the Treasurer, Mrs. R. A. Harper, Schermerhorn Hall, Columbia University, New York City. COVER THE EARTH A School Journal which goes to ares yey ta viel Noa Sioa Teachers sores find help and information volume. ee Pte Sone ane eee maties teaching. Its vo of progressive Science and Mathe- THE BRYOLOGIST PUBLISHED BY THE SULLIVANT MOSS SOCIETY The only magazine in English wholly devoted to Mosses, Hepaties, and Lichens. Bi-monthly; illustrated ; for the beginner as well as for the professional. Yearly subscription in the cee Eero ve Twenty-five cents additional — membership in MOSS SOCIETY, with free service of Curators for catniies C. M. ROBERTS State Teachers’ College Fairmount, W. Va. ECOLOGY All Form Seat etas Pruitt eae Established 1920. Quarterly. Official Bbeipnony a of the Ecological Sortety og re erica. Subseri fition. ear for complete volumes (Jan. to Dec.). Parts of volumes at the ‘single worber Px rate, Back warmtien as available. $5 each. Sin rs, $1.25 post free. oreign postage: 20 tre GENETICS A Periodical Record of Investigations bearing on ae and Variation Establi 6. Bi-m Subscription, $6 a — for complete volumes (Jan. to Dec.). Parts of volumes at the single number rate. eos eee bs $28 post free. Back volumes, as available, $7.00 each. cents. BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN MEMOIRS_ Volume I: 33 contributions by various authors on genetics, D ol- ogy, mycology, re. ecology, plant geography, and sy a nes _ $3.50 plus postage. oe ; I. The vegetation — | Norm ; = on 0 oe s ot Part Price, $1.00. a on of Mt. ert Maine, a a xt fige-. Vol. 26 April -June, 1936 No. 2 Ameriran Hern Journal A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO FERNS Published by the AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY Che American Fern Society Counril for 1936 “OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR Epeak T. WHERRY, University of Pennsylvania, arsmees os Pa. Mrs. Cartorra C. Hatt, Berkeley, Cal Fieumae Mes. Ets Gisson Wuirney, New York State Museum, Albany, Henry K. Svenson, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, N. ¥. OFFICIAL ORGAN American Fern Journal EDITORS chines mes ois eee AELW Dovehenes Sant; Troe = ae INSLOW Vit. BE. J eit a au Maen “ce eee Washington, D. C. C, A. WEATHERBY Cambridge, Mass. An luatrated quarterly devoted to the guneral study of fers. OF Fr Brooklyn Botanic ¢ Garden, 1000 a American Fern Journal Von. 26 Aprit-JuNE, 1936 No. 2 Rare Ferns of Central Florida Epwarp P. St. JoHN I. Some Pecuniariries or DIstrRIBUTION The Florida peninsula, which is from 100 to 150 miles in width, extends southward between the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico nearly 400 miles. A chain of low islands of rock, the Florida Keys, carries the shore line forty or fifty miles farther south. From Key West to Cuba the distance is only about 100 miles. The southern quarter of the peninsula forms a distinct phytogeographic region. It includes the Florida Keys; the Everglades, a marsh of 3,000,000 acres within which are the Everglade Keys, a few small, slightly elevated rocky areas; and the Big Cypress Swamp, which lies west and north of the Everglades and has an area of 1,500,000 acres. No point in this whole region reaches an elevation of fifty feet above sea level. The atmosphere is moist, and the jungle growth on the islands and in the drier parts of the swamps provides shade and shelter from salty and drying winds. Frosts occur only at long intervals. The flora of the Florida Keys, the Everglade Keys, and the region about Cape Sable at the southern tip of the peninsula is strictly tropical, and tropical elements abound in the swamps. To illustrate, the region has ten species of native palms, and epiphytes are very abun- [Volume 26, No. 1 of the JourNAL, pages 1-40, plates 1-3, was issued April 4, 1936.] 41 4? AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL dant, and include twenty-six species of orchids and six- teen bromeliads. Over fifty species of tropical ferns are found here, while only two or three species of north- ern origin are known to be present. In the northern half of the peninsula, separated from the area described above by well toward 100. miles of sandy pinewoods and flooded cypress swamps in which but few species of ferns are found, lies a very different region. It is about 150 miles in length from north to south, and about 75 miles in width. It borders the Gulf of Mexico on the west, and covers about two-thirds of the width of the peninsula at that point. The climate is dis- tinctly colder than that of the region described above: at least a few frosts occur each winter, and occasionally the temperature drops eight or ten, and rarely fifteen, degrees below the freezing point. Along the Gulf coast and the larger rivers are ‘‘hammocks’’ (forests of broad- leaved trees) which somewhat approach the general char- acter of those of the Everglades and the Big Cypress Swamp, but there is much less of the jungle aspect, and northern types of trees and shrubs greatly predominate. Except in the Gulf hammocks the land is more elevated, rising to 300 feet in the higher hills, and drainage 1s good. In large areas underground water systems by which the rainfall passes rapidly through the sandy soil to subterranean channels in the limestone rock make it far too complete, especially since during the colder half of the year droughts are frequent. Rock outcrops are abundant and there are many ‘‘sinks’’ with rocky walls. The flora is largely subtropical. Five species of palms grow without cultivation, and four epiphytic orchids and eight bromeliads are found at least in the southern part. Various other tropical groups are represented, but with such plants are a much larger number of species and individual plants of oaks, ashes, hickories, maples, plums, awthorns, viburnums, ete. But when the fern flora 1s Rare FERNS oF FLORIDA 43 investigated surprisingly different conditions appear. Of the 69 species of native ferns and fern allies which the writer has here collected during the last three years more than five-sixths are tropical, or are endemic to the region and are tropical in relationship. When the distribution of these tropical ferns is ex- amined in detail very unusual conditions are discovered. First among these is the presence of a remarkable group of endemic species. Second is the fact that a considera- ble number of tropical species are represented in the United States only by their presence in this region which Is not tropical. Third, the distribution of many of these Species is extremely local. Fourth is the fact that nearly one-half of the species of tropical ferns that are found in this central Florida region and in the West Indies are not found in the southern Florida region, which lies di- rectly between and where the climate and flora are tropi- cal. A more detailed statement of these facts follows. The endemic species are: 1. Ophioglossum floridanum ¥K. St. John Asplenium Curtissii Underw. Thelypteris macilenta E. St. John SR See Three newly discovered Aspleniums as yet unpublished Species which are widely distributed in the West Indies and in continental tropical America, but which are not found in the tropical region of southern Florida or elsewhere in the United States except in this limited area are: 1. Hypolepis repens oe Presl 2. Blechnum occidentale 3. Asplenium auritum Sw. 4, A, pumilum Sw. 5. A. cristatum Lam. Se TE a } At least five other tropical ferns are found in this region, but under circumstances that suggest introduction by human agency. 44 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL 6. Thelypteris panamensis (Presl) E. St. John2 7. T. subtetragona (Link) E. St. John’ Besides these there is a group of ferns which are found in the West Indies, but not in southern Florida, which appear in central Florida and farther north, the implication being that the northward migration in the eastern United States was from the central Florida region. These are 1. Adiantum Capillus-Veneris L. Asplenium resiliens Kunze . A, heterochrowm Kunze Thelypteris dentata (Forsk.) E. St. John Trichomanes Petersiit A. Gray CH ym wo bo Perhaps this list should be increased by the addition of Pycnodoria cretica (li.) Small which is widely distrib- uted over fully half of the area which is under discussion with conditions that strongly suggest a waning native species rather than an exotic that was introduced during the last 150 years. Altogether, eighteen species show these peculiarities of distribution. In connection with many of the individual species the facts have been commented upon by botanists, but apparently have not been so collated as to reveal their full significance. To the writer, engaged in the study of the ferns of this particular region, it seemed certain that the same fundamental causes must account for all of these similar phenomena, and that only important geological and climatic changes would be sufficient. The belief seems to be amply justified. It is well known that the Florida peninsula is of com- paratively late geological origin. Prof. Charles Schu- 2 Thelypteris panamensis pegs n. comb. Nephrodium pana- mense Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 15. 5. 3 Thelypteris subtetragona (Link a n. comb. Polypodium sub- tetragonum Link, Hort. Berol. 2: 105. 1833. 4 Thelypteris dentata (Forsk.), n. comb. Polypodium dentatum Forsk., Fl. Aegypt. 185. 1775. Rare FERNS OF FLORIDA 45 chert, the outstanding authority on the geological history of the region that surrounds the Gulf of Mexico, has shown® that as late as the upper Eocene the whole of what is now the state of Florida was submerged. Dur- ing the Oligocene an island emerged which occupied the exact position of the region which is under discussion, but which extended beyond the present coast lines at the east and the west. Considering the general climatic con- ditions at that period and the fact that the warm waters of the tropical sea flowed north of this island, it seems certain that its flora was wholly tropical. Doubtless it was of West Indian origin and very rich in ferns. In the light of present conditions in those islands it seems hardly possible that the number of species of ferns could have been less than several hundred. Prof. Schuchert believes that this island, varying in size at different periods, persisted for at least 12,000,000 years before connection was made with the mainland. This long Period of isolation, with changes in climate and other ecological factors, accounts for the development of the endemic species. During the Miocene the eastern half and the western border of this island were submerged, making its area correspond with startling exactness to that of the phyto- geographic region described above. At about the same geological period the emergence of the northern half of the peninsula connected it with the mainland, making horthern migrations possible while tropical conditions still prevailed in the southern part of the continent, thus accounting for the third group of species mentioned above. Not until the Pleistocene did the southern half of the peninsula and the Florida Keys appear. The im- Plication of such geological information as is available to tee OY etn ie History of the Antillean Region, Bulletin of the eg 1 Society of America, Vol. 40, pp. 337-360, March 30, 46 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL the writer seems to be that the emergence began at the north and extended southward. It seems clear that this ancient tropical-island region was at least the principal center of distribution of tropical ferns in Florida, south- ward as well as northward. Thirty species of the Oligo- cene island region are also found near the southern end of the peninsula. During the Pleistocene the successive glacial periods sent waves of colder climate southward, introducing some strictly northern species, a few of which still remain in very small numbers in a few scattered colonies. During the glacial invasions, or possibly at a later period when the present climatic conditions were established, the great majority of the tropical species were exterminated by the colder temperatures as far south as central Florida, as is indicated by the great predominance of northern flower- ing plants at the present time. The tropical ferns that are now isolated in central Florida are the wreckage of the once far richer flora of the Oligocene island. They are the species that failed to migrate southward, but which were sufficiently hardy or adaptable to maintain themselves in a now uncongenial climate in a few stations where conditions are unusually favorable. This theory, together with some unfavorable effects of human occu- pation of the area, affords general explanation of the fact that nine of the seventeen species listed above are each confined to areas of a few square miles and seven of these to stations which are much more circumscribed. This explanation seems to meet the demands of major peculiarities of distribution in central Florida and further north, but mention should be made of some ap- parent exceptions to the rule. The present distribution of two species, Ophioglossum Engelmanni and 0. crotalo- phoroides, seems to indicate that they reached Florida and the adjacent states at the north by way of Mexico. Rare Ferns or FLorwa 47 Adiantum Capillus-Veneris appears to have migrated northward both by way of Florida and by way of Mexico. If this is true it is probable that comparison will show differences between the two strains. Further consideration should be given to certain ferns of the southern Florida region. In addition to the thirty species that are found in it and also in central Florida there are twenty-four species that are not found in the Oligocene-island region. If the theory that has been outlined above is to be rigidly followed these ferns mi- grated southward from the island region and were later exterminated in the more northern area by the subse- quent climatic changes. Such an extermination offers no difficulties: it is likely that five times that number of Species suffered such a fate. But in the absence of de- tailed evidence as to the history of the development of the southern half of the peninsula the present 100-mile barrier of almost fernless country that lies between the regions may seem to discredit the possibility of such a migration. Grouping the species in question according to what Seem to be their essential ecological requirements reveals Seventeen species, terrestrial and epiphytic, which occupy the low hammocks and their borders, and seven that are epipetric. Considering the first group it is to be remembered that some small isolated hammocks are Scattered through the intervening area, and that low coastal hammocks still reach out from each of the regions toward the other. There is reason to believe that in the past they made complete connection. Also, it is known that, in some parts of the state at least, pinewoods have replaced hammocks of an earlier period. It seems quite probable that in the past suitable conditions for the growth of the hammock ferns existed over much of the intervening area. 48 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL As to the former presence of outcropping rock with suitable conditions for the growth of ferns the evidence is not quite so clear. No statements of geologists that have direct bearing upon the subject have been dis- covered. It seems significant that of the eighteen tropi- eal ferns that failed to make the southward journey eight are epipetric, while two or three others usually grow in close proximity to rocks. But, on the other hand, ten of the thirty tropical ferns that are common to central and southern Florida are likewise epipetric. Also, the close relationship of Asplenium biscayneanum, an en- demic species of the southern region, to Asplenium Cur- tissu and to two others of the endemic species of the northern area implies a direct connection between the two regions. It is very likely that a part of the eight rock-haunting ferns that are absent from central Florida, and perhaps some of the ferns of the low hammocks, were introduced directly from the West Indies by wind- blown spores. The presence on the Florida Keys of Paltonium lanceolatum (L.) Presl, which is not found on the mainland, is confirmatory of such a belief. As to the majority of the twenty-four species it seems far more likely that the migration was by land in short stages, during several hundred thousand years of time, than that it was an unbroken journey over the sea of con- siderably over one hundred miles. The conclusions outlined above are far from exhaust- ing the significance to students of American ferns of the geological history of the region about the Gulf.of Mexico. A comparison of the fern flora of the southwestern United States with that of the southeastern states, and of both of these with those of the West Indies, Central America and South America suggest many major prob- lems of distribution, the solutions of which will be found in the story of the nature and the succession of the straits AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VoLUME 26, PLATE 4 — sit Lo RSG: Fiorina AT PRESENT AND THE POSITION OF THE OLIGOCENE- MiocENE ISLAND. 50 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL that formerly separated Central America from South America and from Mexico, and of the land bridges which at times connected that region with the West Indies and with the continents at the north and the south, together with the attendant and succeeding climatic changes. Conway, N. H., anp Fuoran City, Fa. EXPLANATION OF THE MAP Showing in outline the position of the Oligocene-Miocene island and the location of the principal and outlying station of tropical ferns which are isolated in central Florida at the present time. ue Thelypteris panamensis 2, 4, 5. Hypolepis repens 3 Asplenium aurit 65-8. lechnum occidentale 7, 25. Thelypteris he a 8. see ypteris macilen 8. ia manes Petersit 9, 14, 17. betes Curtisst Campyloneuron Pagbinealss i 3 Asplenium cristatum 12 Asplenium ——————_n. sp 12 Asplenium n. sp 12 Aspleni n. sp 12, 13. Anemia adiantifoli 16 Ophioglossum cocwadl a7; 8; Asplenium pumilum New Ferns of Central Florida Epwarp P. St. JoHn THELYPTERIS macilenta, n. sp. Rootstock short, hori- zontal, rather copiously scaly; scales narrowly lanceo- late, acuminate, glossy, brown, ciliate, 2-3 mm. Ion ng, with up to 14 rows of elongate, r rather thin-walled cells, with lumina moderately translucent and about 4 times as long as broad; leaves clustered, few, erect, 1. 5-4. 5 dm. long ; petioles stramineous, finely pubescen nt with copiously sealy at base ; blades narrowly links to ellip- 3 Found also in southern Florida, but not in the intervening region or further north AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VoLUME 26, PLATE 5 aye AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL tic-lanceolate, sans: ripened pilose, once pinnate; innae 15-20 pairs, elli iptic r nearly so, decidedly nar- rowed at the base, 13. 5 em. inde the upper ones spread- ing, the lower deflexed, the lowest three or four pairs thrust forward nearly at right angles to the ie of the middle of the blade, pinnatifid, with the midrib and mid- veins of the segments often sinuous; segments mostly ovate, Beles bce shallowly undulate ; veins only 2-4 pairs to the segment, oblique, simple; sori very few, usu-. ally only 2or3toa segment inframedial ; ea spar- ingly pilose’. (Plate 5.) In a rocky hammock 7 miles northwest of Brooksville, Florida, May 4, 1934, E. P. St. sf ohn, TYPE in herb. New York Botanical Garde n; iso- type in herb. E. P. St. John. No other station is known at the present time. OpHiocLossuM floridanum, n. sp. Rootstock subcylin- dric, very short when young, with greatly elongate roots about 1 mm. in diameter, reproducing freely by suckers, short, petiole-like base, variable in form and venation but commonly 3-6 em. long, yellowish-green, rhombic-ovate with rounded or abruptly pointed tip and abruptly nar- rowed or truncate base; basal veins 5-7, the midrib ex- margin; included veins few; sporophyll usually shorter than the common stalk; spike 14 em. long, apiculate; 1 THELYPTERIS macil et sp. nov., rhizomate — pente copiose paleaceo; paleis anguste lanceolatis 2-3 mm acumi nitidis brunneis ciliatus, cellulis clongatis; froaisivas subeaespitosis erectis 1.5-4.5 dm. altis; stipite stramineo pubescente, pilis pallidis ; 2-4-jugis obliquis simplicibus ; soris paucis inframedialibus ; indusiis sprig cian © e Brooksville, Florida, as ey 4, 1934, E. P. St. New FERNS OF FLORIDA So sporangia globose, about 1 mm. in diameter, yellow when mature, 7-30 on each side of the rachis; spores pitted, maturing May—November and sparingly through the winter months.2 (Fig. 1.) Among grasses in a roadside ? 2. . altis; i petiolo ornata plerumque 3-6 em. longa flavido-viridi rhombeo- 8 he —. 2 porophyllo plerumque quam stipite breviore, spica em. lon apiculata; sporangiis globosis c. 1 mm. diame lok sporis foveolatis—Prope Gainesville, Florida, April 19, : ws Aa P. & R. P. St. John, typus in herb. Hort. Bot. Novebora- . a ’ Versus marginem atim decrescentibus; venulis inclusis paucis; ica 1 ] 54 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL ditch 8 miles south of Gainesville, Florida, April 19, 1935, £2. &@ Bh. P. St. John, TYPE in herb. na 7s Botanical Garden n; isotype in herb. E. P. St. Widely distributed in central Florida over an area 150 miles long, at elevations of 20-150 ft. Grows in sand, clay, or muck, commonly among grasses, where the soil is usually damp but not subject to long- continued flood- ing. Two forms which differ so much from the type as to be confusing, but which are connected with it by intermedi- ate plants, have been found. For convenience of desig- nation they have been given descriptive names. Forma favosum, n. f. Stouter than the usual form, the common stalk sometimes over 2 mm. in diameter ; leaf 6-10 em. tall; foliage-blade symmetrical, broadly deltoid- ovate, often apiculate or nearly so, broadly cuneate or sub- cordate at the base; basal veins usually 3; areolae more regularly hexagonal than in the typical form and mue more uniform in size; included veins frequent, often eS subdividing the larger areolae; spores maturing ay; sporophylils not found Novem ber—February.” (Fie. 2.) Roadside ditch 8 miles south of Gainesville, Florida, occupying a few square yards at one end of a colony of the species, May 8, 1935, E. P. St. John, TYPE in herb. New York Botanical Garden; isotype in herb. E. P. St. John. Abundant in one small area and occa- sional at several other stations. Forma reticulosum, n. f. A slender plant, 12-20 em. n di tall; common stalk sometimes less than 1 mm. i ame- ter; foliage-blade deep green, ovate-lanceolate, ‘ies or r the base, usually curved to one side; basal veins usually 7, the adjacent veins parallel with the mid-vein for a short distance; areolae much smaller and narrower than 3 OPHIOGLOSSUM FLORIDANUM, BE tdi f. noy., ——- basi truncata vel subcordata; venis basalaribus plerumque 3; constantius hexagonis quam in forma typica = ee inaequalibus, venulis inclusis numerosioribus.—Prope Gain orida, May 8, 1935, EZ. P. St. John typus in herb. Hort. Bot. Wieeheckstsail Tue ‘‘LAND OF FERNS’’ 55 in the typical form; spores apparently maturing in late summer, sparingly as late as December.* (Fig. 3.) In an abandoned clay-pit near Weed’s Landing bridge, east of Floral City, Florida, Jan. 15, 1936, EZ. P. St. Jo hn, TYPE in herb. New York Botanical Garden; isotype in herb. E. P. St. Jolin: Oceasional at the more southern Stations for the species and perhaps occupying damper soil than the typical form. Grateful acknowledgement is made to Dr. John K. Small of the New York Botanical Garden for the draw- ings used herewith, for assistance in preparing the tech- nical descriptions, and for encouragement and aid with- out which the studies in which the writer is engaged would hardly have been undertaken. Foran Crry, Fuoripa. Some Impressions of the “‘Land of Ferns,’ and a Florida Fern Garden Maurice Broun Florida is the land of promise for the fern student. With great expectations he will journey into the southern part of the State to make new fern acquaintances. But he is certain to meet with bewilderment and disappoint- ment in proportion to his hopes. The fern glories of this region, of which we have all read, are fading all too quickly. One of the first things I saw soon after my arrival was the complete annihilation, near Fort Lauder- dale, of a magnificent eypress swamp in which there had flourished such a variety of orchids and ferns as fo delight even the most blasé of students. a ie Ran nena FLORIDANUM, f. Teticulo osum, f. nov., graci ile 12- em oan ieee a in forma sd dei ag Floral ees tote 56 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL You may find some 35 kinds of ferns within a radius of 30 miles of Miami. Not so long ago this region could boast of a greater number of ferns, among them Menis- cium reticulatum, Cheiroglossa palmata, Dennstaedtia adiantoides and others, but the everlasting fires have exterminated them. Just try to find these interesting ferns anywhere in southern Florida! And gone like the snows of yesteryear are the luxuriant hammocks in which A. A. Eaton discovered so many new and interesting ferns thirty years ago. During the past decade Homo sapiens has written ‘‘progress’’ over the face of the land. The ecological conditions of Eaton’s time are hard to find; instead there is intensive cultivation of the land; wide-spread fires that are forever devouring hammock and pineland; drainage ditches and roads and land devel- opments. Nor has ‘‘progress’’ alone determined the fate of so many of Florida’s floral treasures: commercial orchid-hunters and fern-dealers have helped materially to alter the picture. _ Within the city limits of Miami, however, are ham- mocks which have escaped destruction, and much of their original character has been preserved. These are known as the Matheson Estate and the Brickell Hammock, ex- tremely interesting reminders of the past. But even these sanctuaries harbor a very limited number of the native ferns. There are at least two persons in Miami that manifest a deep and active interest in the ferns. These devotees ‘are Mrs. E. Peterson of North Miami, and Mrs. Mary Lott of 1718 8. W. 23d Street. The botanical itinerary of all northern fern students travelling in lower Florida should include a visit to the ferneries of these ladies. There is a real treat in store for such travellers. With consummate skill and patience these ladies have devel- oped fern gardens par excellence, using nothing but local material. THe ‘‘LAND or FErRNs’’ 57 As I am more familiar with Mrs. Peterson’s ferneries, and their contents, I would like to put hers on record. They comprise three units: the patio, about fifteen feet Square, contains 38 species of ferns; a rock garden, which is probably three times as large as the patio, has 34 _ Species; and a slat-house, fifteen feet by twelve, shelters 33 kinds. Altogether 56 species of ferns are represented, or 64 per cent of the species listed in Dr. Small’s ‘‘Ferns of Florida,’’ exclusive of fern allies. Mrs. Peterson’s gardens harbor very few of the ferns found in the north- ern part of the State; her collection is typical of the - peninsular fern flora, and in that respect it is nearly com- plete. Here, then, as may be seen by a glance at the list, is a gathering of truly tropical American ferns. Most of these ferns Mrs. Peterson has collected herself. They have taken kindly, for the most part, to their new homes. Dryopteris gongylodes was an erstwhile tyrant, running roughshod over everything else, so that finally Mrs. Peterson was obliged to root it out altogether; hence it does not appear in the list. The removal of the shallow surface soil and sand from the soft, odlitic limestone which prevails in this region, reveals a beautiful formation of pitted, cavernous rock. These pits, which Mrs. Peterson has uncovered, are excel- lent duplicates of those found in the lime-sink hammocks, and they lend themselves admirably to her scheme of nat- uralistic planting. In these pits thrive her Trichomanes, the Tectarias, and the dainty Aspleniums. _ The little patio contains by far the choicest part of Mrs. Peterson’s treasures. And in it you will see the lowliest to the tallest—the minute filmy ferns enveloping a rock which originated in a hammock thirty miles to the South, to the six foot fronds of the stately leather-fern, Acrostichum daneaefolium. Trichomanes lineolatum has found its new habitat so congenial that it has spread of 58 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL its own accord to surrounding rocks. The giant bracken, Litobrochia tripartita, and the graceful fronds of Dryop- teris ampla (virtually a tree fern) command your atten- tion. Magnificent specimens, all, you think, and then as you become lost in thought your vision rests on the fresh, delicate greenery of a bed of maidenhair, Adiantum tenerum. Presently you are peering down into one of those intriguing pits, and you find a fascinating variety of the smaller ferns, the loveliest being the finely-cut, iridescent Aspleniwm verecundum, and the rare, lustrous- leaved holly-fern, Stenochlaena Kunzeana. The prize pit of them all, however, is that which houses all four of the Tectarias found in Florida. This is a most success- ful little group. Incidentally, Tectaria Amesiana and Tectaria coriandrifolia deserve the blue ribbon as being among the most precious of the ferns in the entire collec- tion. From the patio you wander to the rock garden, with its little pools. Here the Dryopteris group is best repre- sented. Mrs. Peterson has all the Florida shield ferns, with the exception of D. heragonoptera, which grows in the northern part of the State, and the previously men- tioned D. gongylodes. The most distinguished fern in the gathering is Dryopteris submarginalis. No escape from cultivation is this tropical species, for in April, 1934, Mrs. Peterson and others found it growing in Royal Palm Hammock, an unscathed wilderness as yet in the Big Cypress Swamp of Collier County. This fern is not deseribed in Dr. Small’s book. The little slat-house has a fine assortment of ferns, most of which are potted. Here you meet again Dryopteris submarginalis, together with Lycopodium dichotomum, a species of lyecopod new to Florida, discovered by Mrs. Peterson and Mr. Charles Mosier in the same locality in which D. submarginalis came to light. The two species THE ‘‘LAND OF FERNS’’ 59 of ferns of greatest interest here, perhaps, are the strap- ferns, Campyloneuron angustifolium and C. costatum, both extremely rare in the region. The former had a timely rescue from Timm’s Hammock, near Homestead. Once one of the finest hammocks in southern Florida, Timm’s is now honeyeombed by paths, littered with debris, and, in brief, stripped of all its former glory. Campyloneuron costatum also came from the exception- ally productive Royal Palm Hammock. I append the list of Mrs. Peterson’s ferns, with the wish that some day the reader may have the fortune to meet this gracious lady, and experience the delights that I did in her charming gardens: geet obliquum Vittaria lineata Trich omanes lineolatum Pycnodoria pinetorum sit nie bie Osmunda regalis re Sida cinnamomea Pteri aden Anemia adiantifolia Eisobeoskis ripattia Stenochlaena Kunzeana Adiantum na Satine -V eneris Acrostichum daneaefolium - Polypodium seater Higsonves ¢ - Cheilanthes ‘Nierophyll oly ean Blechas Phtebodi Um bo iyo -d aie Matas Asplenium serratum pobisis anil hehe seca gi aches ae ae absei era bs atatin ih Se eae - verecundum ae normalis . biscayneanum ee patens si umilum st augescens ct Curtissii “¢ Thelypteris as cristatu ec floridan Tectaria Perio ote se submarginalis minima da dentata Amesia ee st i Campytoncuron apustifott ium a Phylli — N ephrolepis ezattata costa bis Phymatodes heterceageas Sphenomeris csi Or.Eans, Care Cop, Mass. 60 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL A List of Varieties and Forms of the Ferns of astern North America C. A. WEATHERBY (Continued from p. 16) Dryopreris. For several years I have used the name Thelypteris for this genus on grounds of priority. . At the Botanical Congress of 1935, however, Dryopteris was proposed for conservation against Thelypteris and, al- though final action has not yet been taken, in all proba- bility it will be conserved. I am accordingly taking it up here. Alternative names under Thelypteris are given where they exist, but no new combinations are made under it. Dryopreris Finrx-mas (Linnaeus) Schott, Genera. ae eum, under plate 9 (1834). Polypodium F.-m. Lin naeus, Species Plantarum 1090 (1753). Thelisiterss F.-m. Niewwland, American Midland Naturalist 1: 226 (1910). nnules with nearly Sergsa te sides, finely toothed, epeeals at the broad, blunt apex From Linnaeus’s description, this appears to be the typical form and is so treated by most European authors. Druery, however, (British Ferns and Their Varieties 148 (1910)) who, following Wollaston, divides the spe- cies into three, calls this ‘‘Lastrea pseudo-mas Wollas- ton.’’ He states that its leaves are more nearly ever- green than in either of the other two ‘‘species.”’ F. incisa (Moore) Hayek, _— von Steiermark 1: 35 (1908). Lastrea Filiz-mas var. i. Moore, Phytalogist 3: 137 (1848)—Pinnules pede g more or less to the rounded or even somewhat acute tip, evenly and rather coarsely toothed throughout. Lastrea Filiz-mas 0 Druery. Other European forms, such as f. subintegra (Doell) Hayek, in which the pinnules, otherwise as in the typical List oF VARIETIES AND ForRMS 61 form, are toothed only at the apex, and f. deorso-lobata (Moore) Hayek, in which the deeply and sometimes doubly serrate pinnules have a projecting basal lobe on the side next the main rachis, may very likely be found in America. DRYOPTERIS MARGINALIS (Linnaeus) A. Gray, Manual 632 (1848). Polypodiwm m. Linnaeus, Species Plant- F. tripinnatifida (Clute), n. comb. Nephrodiwm mar- ginale f. t. Clute, Fern Bulletin 15: 21 (1907) ; 19: 50 (1911). —Pinnules deeply toothed, more narrowly obtuse or acutish.? F. ELEGANS (Robinson) F. W. Gray, American Fern Journal 14: 9 (1924). Aspidium marginale var. e. Rob- Inson, Bulletin Essex Institute [Salem, Mass.] 8: no. (1922) —Like the preceding, but the lowest pinnae more or less triangular, the basal pinnules on the lower side longer than the middle ones. A luxuriant state. Lastrea marginalis 8 Traillae Lawson, Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal 19: 275 (reprint 19) (1864), ap- pears to be the same, though Clute (Fern Bulletin 19: 51) keeps it distinct on the ground that the lobes of the Pinnules are longer and more oblong. Though Lawson’s ere > 1 The name of this form has suffered much indignity at the hands of printers or careless writers. It originally appeared, without description, as tripinnatifidum, and since this expresses the char- ater of the plant concerned and was apparently intended, I have retained it. But in Fern Bulletin 19: 50, where the form was first defined and illustrated, the name appears as bipinnatifidum and in the index to the last ten volumes of the Bulletin it is reduced to Pinnatifidum! 62. AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL name is the older, elegans was the first to be used in the category of forma. I have kept Clute’s application of it, though there is little in Robinson’s description to show just what phase he actually had. F’. Davenportii (Floyd) A. R. Prince ms., n. Nephrodium marginale f. D. Floyd, Rhodora i *O4s (1902). Thelypteris marginalis f. D. L. B. Smith, Rho- dora 30: 17 ( 1928). —Like the typical form, but the tips of the blade and pinnae crested. F. CuurcuisE (Gilbert) Leeds, American Fern Jour- nal 23: 12 (1933). Polypodium vulgare var. C. Gilbert, Fern Bulletin 14: 39 (1906).—Dwarf, the pinnae entire or irregularly lobed, the tip of the blade heavily crested. A peculiar stunted form, about the size of the poly- pody and mistaken for it by Gilbert and others until Mr. Leeds pointed out its true affinity. It has not been known to produce fruit, but the rootstock, the texture and anatomy of the frond and the type of scales all tie out his conelusion that it belongs here. Nephrodium marginale, ‘‘form’’ distans Waters, Ferns 238 (19038), is described as having more or less pinnatifid pinnules separated by spaces about their own width. This spacing seems to be the more usual condition in all fully bipinnate fronds; it does not correlate with degree of cutting and offers an insecure basis for formal segre- gation. DRYOPTERIS FRAGRANS (Linnaeus) Schott, — Fili- cum under plate 9 (1834). Polypodium f. Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1089 (1753). Thelypteris f. Maer land, American Midland Naturalist 1: 226 (1910).— Blades narrowly lanceolate, pinnae and pinnules usually crowded ee bijets beneath thickly beset with large, reddish-bro es.—Greenland cad Lakratoe to Alaska and Siber Var Hooketinaa® Oheciiald) A. R. Prince ms., n. comb. Thelypterts fragrans var. H. Fernald, Rhodora 25: 3 (1923).—Blades lanceolate, pinnae and pinnules List oF VARIETIES AND Forms 63 usually not crowded, rachis beneath with comparatively ew and small scales—Newfoundland to New England, New York and Minnesota; temperate eastern Asia. Per- haps no more than a response to favorable conditions of growth. Dryopreris Goupiana (Hooker) A. Gray, Manual 631 (1848). Aspidium G. Hooker ex Goldie, Edinburgh Philosophical Journal 6: 333 (1822). Thelypteris @. Nieuwland, op. cit. 226. Lawson (Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal 19: 276 (reprint 20) (1864) ) distinguished two ‘‘sub-varie- ties’’ of Lastrea Goldiana, as he called it: serrata, with coarsely toothed ultimate divisions, and integerrima, with them almost or quite entire. Although in other Species I am accepting forms based on just this charac- ter, in this case I cannot make them out. The extremes are so close and intermediates so much more numerous that any attempt at separation seems futile. Much more puzzling is D. Goldiana subsp. celsa Wil- liam Palmer, Proceedings Biological Society Washington 13: 65, plate 1 (1899). This is a plant of the Dismal Swamp, never yet quite matched elsewhere. It has lan- ceolate or lance-ovate blades with conspicuously stalked pinnae which taper gradually to an acute tip and are deeply pinnatifid or fully pinnate in their lower portions and with sori close to the midrib. IL. M. Underwood re- ferred it to D. Clintoniana ; Dowell to D. Clintoniana x Goldiana. It resembles either of these more than it does typical D. Goldiana; Dowell’s guess is perhaps the best so far, though when he made it, neither of the supposed Parents were known within a hundred miles of the Dismal Swamp. D. Goldiana, however, has since been discovered near by; and D. cristata var. Clintoniana may yet be. D. Goldiana var. prolifera Gilbert, Fern Bulletin 8: 9 (1900), described as having some pinnae which end in a large pinnule or a pair of them, at the base of which 64 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL is a bud (or buds) from which spring little rosettes of pinnules, has, so far as I know, never been seen again. Its description suggests the effect of injury; until it is rediscovered, Gilbert’s ‘‘variety’’ had best be kept in abeyance. DRYOPTERIS CRISTATA eens) a Gray, Manual 631 (1848). Polypodium c. Linnaeus, Species Plan- tarum 1090 (1753). Thelypteris c. Nits vland, op. cit. 226.— Fertile fronds longer than the sterile, the blade narrowly lanceolate, growing stiffly upright, ‘the pinnae often horizontal, with their planes set at right angles to the direction of the rachis, the lowermost shorter, triangular. Few pteridologists have found any noteworthy vari- ants in this species, except the well-known var. Clin- toniana, often regarded as a species. Tidestrom, how- ever, in Elysium Marianum 44, plate VI (1906), recog- nizes three forms—the typical, in which the pinnae are lanceolate to triangular, acute and deeply pinnatifid, the lobes divided nearly to the midrib; ‘‘ Dryopteris cristata mariana,’’ in which they are ovate-oblong, obtuse and cut only part way to the midrib; and ‘‘D. cristata lancas- triensis,’’? based on Aspidium lancastriense Sprengel, Anleitung zur Kenntniss der Gewiichse 3: 134 (1804), in which the pinnae are narrowly oblong-lanceolate, very acute and rather shallowly lobe As described, these forms sound well enough; but I find it impossible clearly to distinguish them in a large series of specimens. The second (‘‘mariana’’) is rather commonly found in reduced sterile fronds and may reasonably be regarded as a juvenile or poorly developed state. Whether the third is really Aspidiwm lancas- triense of Sprengel may be doubted; the original descrip- tion is not sufficiently detailed to indicate clearly what Sprengel had before him. This form, however, has been aecepted by Clute (Check-list of North American Fern- List OF VARIETIES AND Forms 65 worts in Fern Bulletin 15: 20 (1907)) and by Gilbert (List of North American Pteridophytes 17: (1901)). What Nephrodium cristatum marginale of Gilbert’s List (p. 17) and of Clute’s Check-list (Fern Bulletin 15: 20) may be, or on what it is based, I do not know— unless it is a blunder for the hybrid N. cristatum x mar- ginale, first described by Davenport. Var. Cumtontana (D. C. Eaton) Underwood, Our hive Ferns, ed. 4, 115 (1893) Aspidium cristatum var. CD. C. Baton in -* Manual, ed. 6, 688 (1890). Chelypteris cristata C. Weatherby, Rhodora 21: 177 (1919) .—Blades neal lanceolate, the fertile and Sterile alike ; pinnae in the same plane as the rachis, the lowermost little reduced, ov ata * ce lanceolate ; lobes of the pinnae only finely toothed. Slossonae (Davenpor ne n. comb. Nephrodium cristatum var. 8S. Davenport, Bhodote 4: 52 (1902).— Lobes ve ie: pinnae coarsely toothed. Said not to be evergre Nephrodium cristatum Clintonianum f. sylvaticum Poyser, Fern Bulletin 16: 12 (1908), does not belong here at all but, according to Benedict, is the hybrid D. Goldiana x spinulosa. ; Dryopreris sprnuLosa. The following key, adapted from Prof. Fernald’s in Rhodora 28: 146 (1930), may Serve to distinguish the five varieties recognized under this species. Since their characteristic leaf-forms are far easier to see than to describe and since I am more often asked for help in identifying specimens of this sroup than of any other of the shield-ferns, I have, with the generous assistance of my wife, supplemented the descriptions with drawings of typical basal pinnae. a. Basal pinnules on the upper and lower sides of the lowermost acre nearly opposite, rarely more than 4 mm. (% in. b. Blade often ~ bipinnate, glabrous, as are the indusia ; pi ending to be set obliquely to the main rachis 66 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL and to taper rather evenly to an acute point; pinnules of the middle pinnae often only toothed, the basal pin- mand - apis lower side of the low ermost pinnae longer sei i 1). lly on the midvibe of the ‘nie near their base; i a. Basal pinnules on es age and lower pre e lowermost pinnae 0.5 to (4% to nearly an in 5 apart, that She se lower nde farthest see the main rachis and co only exceeding the on it. d. Blade ovate ee bins riangular, bipinnate-pinnatifid, gla- rous; segm of the r pinnules of the low ermost pi innae pe ern as “bases indusia usually glabrous, rarely with a few marginal gland . americana (fig. 4). d. Blade lanceolate, tripinnate, more or ae glandular; seg- ments - the lower pinnules of the lowermost pinnae ellip- tic-lanceolate or somewhat demarnonae with narrow, ucties stalk-like tae: ; indusia — on the back. Var a aka (fig. 5). Bibliography and ranges of these varieties are as follows. DRYOPTERIS SPINULOSA (O. F. Mueller) Kuntze, Revisio Genera Plantarum 2: 813 (1891). yee: s. O. F. Mueller, Flora Fridrichsdalina 190, fig. 2 (1767)- Thelypteris s. Nieuw! and, American Midland pecog 1: 226 (1910) pc tose to Montana, Piva NES ginia,’’ Indiana and Iowa. Also in Eurasia. ar. INTERMEDIA (Muhlenberg) ndeewood. _ Our Native Ferns, ed. 4, 116 (1893). Polypodium mter- medium Muhlenberg ex Willdenow, Species Plantarum 5: 262 (1810). Thelypteris spinulosa, var. i. Nieuwland, op. cit. 2: 278 (1912) —Newfoundland to the mountains of North Carolina and Tennessee, west to Ontario, Wis- Eurasia. Var. FRucTUosA (Gilbert) Trudell, American Fern Journal 20: 39 (1930). Nephrodium spinulosum fruc- tuosum Gilbert, List North American Eteridaphy = 37 VoLUME 26, PLATE 6 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Fic, 2, VAR. INTERMEDIA; Fic. Fic. 5, VAR. CON- esd TTT Fig. 1. Dryoprerts sPINULOsA; _ 8, VAR. FRUCTUOSA; Fig. 4, VAR. AMERICANA; ——— CORDTANA, 68 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL (1901). Thelypteris spinulosa var. f. Fernald, Rhodor 28: 146 (1926).—Range nearly that of var. inte pape Se though apparently not landing so far sout This falls between typical D. spinulosa and var. inter- _ media, having much the aspect of the former, but the glandularity and usually the short basal pinnules of the latter. It might conceivably have arisen from crossing between the two; if so, it has become very thoroughly established, for it is widely distributed and not at all rare. Var. AMERICANA (Fischer) Fernald, Rhodora 17: 48 (1915). Aspidium spinulosum americanum Fischer ex Kunze, American Journal Science, series 2, 6: 84 (1848). Thelypteris spinulosa var. a. Weath herby, Rhodora 21: 178 (1919).—Greenland to the mountains of North Caro- lina and Tennessee and northward across the continent to “Siig and British Columbia ONCORDIANA (Davenport) Eastman, New Eng- ion is 20 (1904). Nephrodium spinulosum var. ¢. Davenport, Rhodora 6: 33 (1904). Thelypteris spinu- losa, var. c. Weatherby, 1. ¢ This is a curious and anomalous plant, combining the texture and glandularity of var. intermedia with the leaf-architecture of var. americana and a semi-skele- tonized degree of dissection and a development of nar- row-based pinnules all its own. It ean hardly be inter- preted as a cross between the two varieties; that cross, which occasionally is found in northern woods, is of very different aspect, less finely dissected than var. intermedia and quite lacking the narrow-based pinnules of var. concordiana. The latter may reasonably be interpreted as a derivative of var. intermedia, some individuals of which show a tendency to narrow-based pinnules in the lower pinnae. Generalization, however, is dangerous, since var. concordiana is still certainly known only from the original collection at Concord, Mass., though I have recently seen similar material from Pennsylvania. ReEcENT FERN LITERATURE 69 Many botanists treat the above as three species, D. spinulosa, D. intermedia (Muhlenberg) A. Gray and D. dilatata (Hoffmann) A. Gray. If this is done, var. fruc- tuosa becomes a variety of D. intermedia and var. ameri- cana one of D. dilatata (D. d. var. a. (Fischer) Bene- dict) or even a distinct species, D. campyloptera (Kunze) Clarkson. Var. concordiana might be placed either with D. intermedia or D. dilatata, according to which of its characters one considers of greatest impor- tance. Certain other names have been applied to American ferns of this group. Such are ‘‘Dryopteris spinulosa- remota’’ (Watt), D. spinulosa, var. dumetorum (Under- wood), and Lastrea dilatata 8 tanacetifolia (Lawson). The first is based on Aspidium remotum A. Br., now gen- erally regarded as the hybrid D. Filix-mas x spinulosa. Watt applied the name incorrectly to x D. Boottu; the remota hybrid, however, might occur in eastern North America, though it has not yet been detected here. The other names were originally proposed for European forms of typical D. dilatata which is not known to oceur here; it is hardly possible that they can be correctly applied to any of our plants. Aspidium spinulosum var. dilatatum f£. anadenium B. L. Robinson, Rhodora 9: 84 (1907), is the same as var. americana. Gray Hrerpartum (To be continued) Recent Fern Literature Mr. B. F. Bush has reprinted the list of ferns given in Traey’s Catalogue of the Plants of Missouri (1886), with notes in which ranges are revised in the light of recent knowledge and an attempt is made to fix the identification of species listed under old and now dubious 70 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL names and correct errors of determination. Even in 1886, 43 species were known from the state.* There is considerable floristic activity in Tennessee at present and a fair share of it is directed at the ferns. As one step in the working out of a detailed record of their distribution in the state, Mr. J. R. Endsley has published a careful study of the species occurring in Chester County. There are only 14 of them—not too bad in an area which has no rock outerops and much country otherwise unsuited for ferns. The habitat and local distribution of each of the fourteen are recorded in obviously well studied detail.” Dr. Ching separates as a genus a group of compound- leaved species previously placed in Polystichum or Dryopteris which agree in certain features of leaf-archi- tecture and in having running rootstocks with fronds - placed singly and far apart. Polystichum adiantiforme and P. aristatum are the best-known members of the group. The name Rumohra Raddi, founded on a form of P. adiantiforme, is chosen for the new genus, which contains 30 Oriental species and probably as many more in the New World.* In the course of a series of popular articles on wild flowers of Louisiana, Prof. Brown has produced a well- developed fern flora of the state. A general introduc- tion is followed by lists of species which grow in dif- ferent habitats, notes on cultivation and morphological terms, a key to the genera, and descriptive notes on each 1 Bush, B. F. Tracy’s Ferns of Missouri. Amer. Midl. Nat. 16: 626-628 (1935). 2Endsley, J. R. A preliminary report on the ferns of Chester County, Tennessee. Journ. Tenn. Acad. Sci. 106-110, 3 figs. (1935). 3 Ching, R. C. A revision of the compound-leaved Polysticha and other related species in the continental Asia, oe Japan and Fo Sinensia 5: 23-91, 18 pls., 2 figs. (193 SHoRTER Notes 71 of the 45 species known in the state. There are 19 illustrations from photographs and drawings. There are slips here and there. ‘‘Rootstalks’’ should be ‘‘rootstocks’’; Prantl, not Mettenius, described Ophioglossum Engelmanni; and the statement that Pycnodoria (better known as Pteris) vittata closely resembles Pteris (better known as Pteridium) latiuscula is an extraordinarily careless one. The two differ radi- cally and very obviously in nearly every character. The key suffers at times from over-simplification; surely more useful points of distinction between Polypodium polypodioides and Dryopteris hexagonoptera than ‘Plants epiphytic’’ and ‘‘ Plants terrestrial’? could have been found. But the matter of the article is on the whole sound and clearly set forth and, with its ten additional species, it brings the old fern flora of Clute and Cocks (1903) very aeceptably up to date. Shorter Notes A Fern Surprise.—On a February afternoon in 1935 when the mercury hovered around eighty degrees (ground hog day, to be exact), we started for a drive to explore some of the nearby canyons and foothills, not knowing just where we were going. Our course was Soon decided by the front seat, so out through Laurel Canyon we went, onto Ventura Boulevard toward Cala- basas. Going up a little hill and around another curve, we greet with exclamations of delight several open hills ablaze with California Golden Poppies. Then we see on the left a very inviting road turning back into the beautiful Malibu Hills. We drive in and out along the winding road, past green fields, pastures of contented a * Brown, Clair A. Some wild flowers of Louisiana, part V. Ferns a fern allies. Louisiana Conservation Review 5: 12-23, 19 figs. an. 1936, fa AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL cows, many farmhouses each with its yellow acacia tree in full bloom, now along a beautiful creek and through a camp where a moving picture company is taking pic- tures. A beautiful hillside, where Thelypteris arguta is growing in one solid mass, comes into view; and on farther into the hills the white blossoms of the Ceanothus with the green of the other trees make a picture to be . remembered. We now follow another stream, deep down in the canyon, which we decide we will investigate if our road goes near it. Finally we cross it where there is a check dam on one side and a culvert underneath the road. We park our car and the male of the family scrambles down to the stream, returning with cups of good, cold water for each of us. After exploring a little, we find, to our amazement, that one could stand in the road with a few small stones and throw one to the right, reaching Poly- podium californicum growing in the crevice of a rock, another stone would reach just beyond on a steep bank of rich leaf mold, Thelypteris arguta and Adiantum Jordani, a strange combination! Straight ahead, as the road veers off a bit, our stone lodges in some yellowish soft rock amid Cheilanthes californica, our most delicate fern; to the left, a little longer throw on a hillside of rich dark earth among rocks reveals Pellaea andro- medaefolia, Pellaea mucronata and Selaginella Bigelovu. Do you wonder that we eall it a ‘‘fern surprise’’ to find seven ferns and one of the fern allies, so different in habitat and range, growing happily so near each other ?—May N. Acxktey, Los Angeles, Cal. PELLAEA GLABELLA IN THE NIAGARA FRONTIER REGION. —According to the ‘‘Annotated List of the Ferns and Flowering Plants of New York State’? by Dr. Homer D. House, published in 1924, Pellaea glabella Mett. is not known for New York state. In a recent communica- SHortTER NOTES 73 tion to me, however, Dr. House assures me that he has records of this fern, as yet unpublished, from a number of counties in the state. These include Madison, Tioga, _ Columbus, Albany, and Niagara counties. Another locality record of interest is beautiful Niagara Glen, in Ontario, Canada. During the summer of 1935, I was searching the latter-mentioned place for three rare species of ferns, reported from that place by some early botanists, namely the hart’s tongue, the well-rue spleenwort, and the Slender cliff brake. Unfortunately, I was unable to find any of these ferns but I did notice a fine display of what I took to be the purple-stemmed cliff brake. Several weeks later, Dr. Wherry of the University of Pennsyl- Vania pointed out to me the difference between Pellaea atropurpurea and Pellaea glabella, and proved to my Satisfaction that I had collected the latter rather than the former. This led to a perusal of an article on the validity of this species* and comparison with my herbarium speci- mens. There seems to be a difference of opinion as to the validity of the species glabella but a great many botanists are swinging to the belief that it is a good Species. A side by side comparison of the two species, using Fermen L. Pickett’s article as a guide, shows a number of clear-cut distinctions. It might not be amiss to mention a few of these. Pellaea glabella has a smooth Stem in contrast to the rough stem or stipe of atropur- pured, it is a more compact plant, has the lowest pinnae Subsessile and rarely more than three-lobed, and red- brown scales in life and in death, the latter character in Contrast to the white scales of atropurpurea which turn rown in age. ; * Is Pellaca glabella a distinct species?—Fermen L. Pickett. American Fern Journal 7: No. 1, January-March, 1917. 74 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL In pursuing the subject further, I discovered that there are only three sheets of Pellaea in the Buffalo Museum of Science herbarium that were collected locally and all three of them, labeled P. atropurpurea, are P. glabella. Two were collected before the species was rec- ognized. Mr. Charles Zenkert collected P. glabella from erevices in the gigantic limestone cliffs at the whirlpool, Niagara Falls, N. Y., but it was not recognized as such until after the publication of his ‘‘Flora of the Niagara Frontier Region.’’ Although I have yet to see a sheet of P. atropurpurea from this region, I have no doubt that there may be some in existence. I do believe, how- ever, that P. glabella will prove to be the commoner species with us here in the Niagara frontier region.— Irvine W. Knosuiocn, Allegany State Park, Red House, Nitks A Catatoa or Harpy Frerns.—It may be that some of the readers of the Fern JourNau are familiar with the catalogs of hardy plants of the Perry establishment of England. The Perry name is known for a variety of flowering plant genera, particularly Hemerocallis. There has recently been received the Perry list of hardy ferns, a twelve-page leaflet illustrated with half-tones and sketches, and listing several hundred species and varieties. It is interesting in this list to see a g00 representation of native American species, together with typical forms of various European and Asiatic species. A considerable number of the forms listed would prob- - ably not be hardy in our northern states. The greater portion of the catalog is devoted to lists of some of the numerous horticultural varieties of com- mon hardy ferns. Of those of Dryopteris Filiz-mas, 33 varieties and sub-varieties are listed. Of D. dilatata, there are 7; of the lady fern, 62. The largest repre- AMERICAN FERN Society to Sentation of varieties is found in Polystichum angulare, a species related to our P. Braunii. Of the Hart’s- tongue, some 50 different types are listed. It is rather interesting to note that there are few or nO varieties in most of the common American species offered in this catalog. Perry’s Hardy Plant Farm is located at Enfield, Middlesex, England.—R.C.B. American Fern Society Edward Willis Graves, a member of the Society since — 1917, died at Nevada, Iowa, Feb. 1, 1936. He was born Feb. 24, 1882, on a farm near Claremont, Missouri, where his youth was spent. In 1903 he moved to Kansas. In 1906 he married Lillie B. Moyer; she and one son survive him. Three years later he moved again, this time to northern Alabama. Mr. Graves had always shown a deep interest in nature; he was not slow to seize the opportunity which the comparatively rich Appalachian flora of his new home offered him, especially in ferns. Ever a keen ob- Server, he became an earnest student of the group. He made many discoveries of interest, the most striking a new hybrid in Asplenium which was named for him, A. Gravesii, by Dr. Maxon. Readers of the JourNat will not soon forget the series of articles which was the fruit of his activities during the twelve years of his residence ‘In Alabama, at first in the north, later at Mobile. His work as a collector came to a climax in a journey to Cuba in 1921, during which he secured many specimens of ferns. Thereafter he returned to the North, settling at Ben- tonsport, Iowa. The comparatively scanty fern flora of that region limited his activity somewhat; but the dis- 76 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL covery of stations for certain Botrychiums, rare there- abouts, turned his attention particularly to that genus, and he entered upon a study of it the results of which appeared in the JourNAL hardly more than a few days before his death. Mr. Graves got together a considerable fern her- barium, now in the possession of the writer of this article. It will eventually find its way into several of the great public herbaria. He left another herbarium which contains many ferns.—C.A.W. On March 2, 1936, Mr. James L. Edwards and I ex- amined the books of the American Fern Society and checked the statement of the financial condition of the Society on December 31, 1935, prepared by the Treasurer. We found that the accounts had been completely and ac- curately kept and that the statement mentioned was a correct statement of the financial condition of the Society. Hester M. Rusk, Chairman, Auditing Committee. Miss Hester M. Rusk, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, has been appointed Librarian of the Society. New members: Cook, Mrs. Rebecea H., North Maple Ave., Greenwich, Conn. Correll, Dr. Donovan 8., Dept. of Botany, Duke University, Dur- ham, N. C. Evans, Miss Lucile, 2908 North Stowell Ave., Milwaukee, Wis. Gilbert, Charles C., 931 Stahlman Building, Nashville, Tenn. Slack, Miss Mabel, 1004 Everett Ave., Louisville, Ky. pawn, Willman, 3911 Northanitben. St., Chevy Chase, Washing- ton, D. C. 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A- CamboscO Collecting Equipment and Herbarium Supplies drab pense vehi Picks and Lenses @ Fiant Presses D &} EQUIPMENT: Collecting Cases @ Driers Genus Covers @ Mounting Papers and Sundries @ @ Write, To-day, for Your Copy of WAVERLEY. MASS.USA. FREE CATALOG F-91 CAMBOSCO SCIENTIFIC CO., Waverley, Mass- Is ? ee mS A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO FERNS Published by the _ AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY Che American Hern Soriety Connril for 1936 OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR Epe@ar T, WHexRY, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. Mes. CarLtotra C. Haut, Berkeley, Ca Vice-President Mes. Etsiz Gisson WHITNEY, New yak State Museum, Albany, Secretary HENRY K. Svenson, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, N. Y. Treasurer OFFICIAL ORGAN Ameriran Fern Journal Vou. 26 JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936 No. 3 Variants of Some Appalachian Aspleniums' Epear T. WuHerry anp WiuuiAmM D. Gray Ten years ago it was pointed out by the senior author? that the ‘‘ Appalachian Aspleniums’’ form a series show- ing intermediates between certain long-recognized spe- cies. Two such intermediates were assigned names, A. stotleri and A. trudelli. In recording the latter in New Jersey, Kobbé and Davis classed it as a form of A. pinnatifidum, but Kestner* found its spores to be imperfect and non-viable, favoring a hybrid interpre- tation. It has been regarded, on morphological grounds, as of hybrid origin, by Graves,> Blomquist® and Small." A question was raised by Graves® as to the distinctness of Asplenium stotleri from A. gravesii, but after examin- ing photographs of the former he accepted their inde- . pendence. Kestner® raised from: spores plants of A. Stotleri matching in every respect the features of the original colony. In the present article a series of drawings of these Plants and some as yet unreported intermediates and variants are presented. These were made by placing the fronds in an enlarging camera, tracing their outlines on Paper, and reducing the drawings again in making the Cuts here reproduced. All are natural size, except where otherwise stated. 1Contribution from the Botanical Laboratory anit Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania. * This Journal 15: 47. 1925. 3 Jbid. 18: 22. 1928. 4 Ibid. 22: 84. 1932. 5 Ibid. 16: 48. 1926. ¢ Ferns of N. C.: 9 1934. 7 Ferns of N. Y¥.: 57. 1935. § This Journal 16: 49. [Volume 26, No. 2 of the JouRNAL, pages 41-76, plates 4-6, was issued July 21, 1936. J 77 78 A i) a sae oO AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL THE PINNATIFIDUM—TRUDELLI—MONTANUM SERIES. A common phase of Aspleniwm pinnatifidum Nut- tall, from the MecCall’s Ferry region, Lancaster County, Pa. The cutting is pinnatifid throughout, even the lowest pair of lobes being adnate to the rachis; lobes obtuse and marginal teeth obscure. . A frequent variant, here represented by a frond from Giles Co., Va. Lower lobes set off on short stalks, and margins more distinctly toothed. This may be termed A. pinnatifidum, phase approaching A. trudelli, or, on the hybrid interpretation, A. pinnatifidum > < montanum. Typical A. trudelli Wherry from its type locality, Cully, Lancaster Co., Pa. Three pairs of lobes have now become pinnae, supported on their individual stalks, and these pinnae are somewhat pinnatifid. This les so nearly intermediate between the two end-members of the series that an independent name is useful for it, although there seems no doubt that it represents A. pinnatifidum * montanum. Intermediates between A. trudelli and A. montanum are apparently rare, but after some years of search a colony of such a plant was located near Ohiopyle, Fayette Co., Pa., from which the frond sketched was obtained. In this the pinna-stalks are so elon- gated and the toothing so prominent that it might be classed as A. montanum, phase approaching A. trudelli, or, as a hybrid, A. pinnatifidum X < montanum. A typical phase of A. wontancn from Buckingham Co., Va., bipinnate at the base with the pinnules pinnatifid. In these, as in most of the other drawings, the en- larged pinna showing the venation represents 4 member of the second pinna-pair. VoLuME 26, PLATE 7 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL APPALACHIAN ASPLENIUMS—1. 10. * an [eo] —) AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL THE GRAVESIE BRADLEYI SERIES. Aspenium pinnatifidum from the type locality along the Schuylkill River in Philadelphia, Pa. This shows the lobes better developed than No. 1, and in addition the tendency toward areolate veining occa- sional in this species. This specimen, from York Furnace, York Co., Pa., is similar to No. 2, but shows dark coloration throughout the stipe and dark brown sori. It is therefore regarded as A. pinnatifidum, approaching | A. gravest, or A. pinnatifidum > X< bradley. . A. gravesti Maxon from McCall’s Ferry, Lancaster Co., Pa., 34 natural size. In outline this resembles some phases of A. trudelli, but again the dark stipe and sori indicate a relationship to A. bradley? instead of montanum. Being about intermediate between the two end-members of the present series, it may be designated A. pinnatifidum < bradleyt. Search for a member of the series lying nearer to A. bradleyi was long unsuccessful, but one was finally found in a colony discovered many years ago by Dr. Roland M. Harper along Flint River in northwestern Meriwether Co., Ga. This shows a peculiar feature, upward-sloping pinnae—also pres- ent on a plant in the U. S. National Herbarium from Hartsville, Darlington Co., 8. C.—suggesting a rela- tionship to the subtropical A. dentatum (cf. fig. 20.) As the latter seems improbable, however, it may be termed simply A. bradleyi, phase approaching A. gravest, or A. pinnatifidum K < bradleyt. A small frond of typical A. bradleyi Eaton, from Gaston Co., N. C. The dark coloration extends up the stipe to the fourth pinna-pair, and the margins are much toothed and eut. AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VOLUME 26, PLATE 8 ) 6 7 8 9 10 APPALACHIAN ASPLENIUMS—2. = Saude fel od fund TS bo On AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL PRESUMED PINNATIFIDUM—PLATYNEURON CROSSES . Asplenium pinnatifidum, a phase with acuminate lobes instead of the obtusish ones of figs. 1 and 6; from York County, Pa., 24 natural size. In this case the three presumed hybrids, which follow, do not form a series from one end-member to the other. Apparently, as in the analogous A. ebenoides Scott, The parent species are too distantly related; the hybrids combine parental characters in an erratic way, and develop some details of lobing and cutting not shown by either parent. This curious plant, here shown about half natural size, was found by Sadie F. Price near Bowling Green, Kentucky, many years ago, and distributed as A. pinnatifidum. It may well represent, however, a hybrid with A. platyneuron, similar ids lower divisions being known in A. ebenoides. A, stotleri Wherry, from the type station in Jeffer- son Co., W. Va. Although the rounded lobes are anomalous, this is still interpreted, as it was origin- ally, as having developed by hybridization of the two species under consideration. . This is a frond on a plant recently collected by Mr. Thomas N. McCoy in Boyd Co., Ky. It appears to ‘represent another result of the same crossing, being intermediate in texture and sorus-color between the two presumed parents. All three of these may be referred to as A. pinnatifidum < platyneuron; °F, if a single name is desired, that first proposed for a hybrid between these two species, A. stotleri, may be extended to cover the others, even though their resemblance is but slight.?° . Atypical fertile frond of A. platynesron (L.) oo 14 natural size. 10 This plant is described as a new species on page 104. AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VoLUME 26, PLATE 9 APPALACHIAN ASPLENIUMS—=3, — re ok fe a) bh pn) AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL ADDITIONAL ASPLENIUMS. A narrow, elongate, but normally cut phase of A. pinnatifidum from York Furnace, York Co., Pa., % natural size. Same locality but somewhat greater reduction in size than No. 16. Further development of the ten- dency to narrowing and elongation has here resulted in a frond without well-marked lobes but with jagged margins. (cf. Camptosorus rhizophyllus forma boycei Wilson, This Journ. 25: 18.) Such fronds are known to attain at times a length of 30 em., the maximum for A. pinnatifidum. The succes- sive figures 1, 6, 11, 16 and 17 bring out all the frequent phases of this species; although still others, as well as various freaks, appear occasionally. . A giant hybrid from Muddy Creek, York Co., Pa., 1% natural size. The elongate upper part of the frond with its simple lobing points unmistakably to A. pinnatifidum as one parent. The cutting of the lower pinnae suggests A. bradleyi to have been the other parent, and this is also indicated by a rather dark coloration of its sori. It is therefore perhaps a phase of A. gravesii with unusually long, narrow pinnae, although the broad base and deep cutting are so reminiscent of A. montanum as to lead to 4 question as to whether a cross of A. gravesii with montanum may not be represented. . In the York Furnace region A. montanum some- times develops slender phases, a typical example of which is here reproduced, slightly below natural size. . The final diagram represents A. dentatum L. from Dade County, Florida, natural size. It is put in for comparison with No. 9, the upper pinnae of which show such a curious resemblance to those of this presumably unrelated species. AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VoLUME 26, PLATE 10 — APPALACHIAN ASPLENIUMS—4, 86 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL The recommendation is frequently made that if two. plants are connected by a complete series of intergrada- tions, they should be considered as only subspecifically or varietally distinct. To follow such a plan here, how- ever, would result in confusion, for nearly all the plants figured would then have to be classed as belonging to the earliest recognized member of the group, A. platyneuron (L akes, or perhaps to A. montanum Willdenow. This would require a system of nomenclature so complex that no one would ever use it. In partial series such as shown in plates 1 and 2, how- ever, names for some of the intermediates may serve a useful purpose. While the few specimens included in herbaria in 1875 could be adequately named as either A. montanum, A. pinnatifidum, or A. bradleyi, so many additional collections were made during the following 50 years that more names were needed. Two new ones accordingly came into use, making the two series montanum—trudelli—pinnatifidum, and pinnatifidum— gravesti—bradleyi respectively. Possibly in another like period names will be found desirable for the plants here shown to bridge the gaps between these five. For the present, however, we prefer not to propose four new names, but to designate the intermediates by expressions bringing out their positions in the series. In the prepar- ation of dichotomous keys to the plants covered in a manual or local flora, the existence of such intermediates, as well as of cases of unusual cutting like those shown in figs. 17 to 19, should certainly be allowed for, other- wise amateurs may be misled, and perhaps overlook note- worthy hybrids or variants. HILADELPHIA, Pa. SouTHERN CALIFORNIA PTERIDOPHYTES 87 Brief Notes on Southern California Pteridophytes H. H. Tracy The usual ‘‘unusual California weather’’ has been very much in evidence this year (1935); we have had over twenty inches of rainfall. The rains have been well dis- tributed over the entire period, from a very early fall rain until the present ihn April 2. The first part of the fall and winter were ‘‘unusually’’ warm, making possible the early starting of all vegetation. The cooler than usual spring has tended to continue the growth of all plants through a much longer period than we nor- mally expect. This type of weather has been excellent for some of our more rare Pteridophytes. It has been possible for me to make a few short trips, and, while there has not been time to work over the material collected to a final analysis, some may be interested in a few notes regard- ing these collections. On March 16, 1935, the four following collections were made from the mesas near the former location of Camp Kearny, San Diego County: No. 1245—OpntoanossuM CALIFORNIcUM Prantl, grow- ing in abundance and with some plants reaching a height of 9 em. above ground. No. 1246—Isonres Orcutt Eat., growing in the same location as the above O. californicum. The habitat was a gradual slope with underground seepage, but without chance for water to accumulate into a pool. Previous collections, No. 799, that I had made of Isoetes Orcuttit in the region of San Diego were found growing sub- merged in pools formed by seasonal rains. No. 1247—Prvraria amertcana A. Br., on the edge of rain pools in the flying field near Camp Kearny, San 88 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Diego. In an earlier collection, March, 1922, I had found this interesting plant in great abundance; this year it did not seem to be as abundant as in the former year, which was surprising to me. No. 1250—Isorres Orcutt Eat., in pools with no. 1247. I mention this additional collection of J. Orcuttu as this was the typical habitat in which I should expect to find this species. The following collections were made March 16, 1935, at Costa Mesa, California, a coastal town a little less than halfway between San Diego and Santa Barbara: Yo. 1253—PriunarIaA AMERICANA A. Br., near Costa Mesa. This plant had been collected at various places in California, the San Diego area being the most common collecting field. Drs. Munz and Johnston in their pene’ ‘The Distribution of Southern California Pteridophyta”’ (Am. Fern Journ. Vol. 13, No. 1) list, besides the a near San Diego, the following stations: Red Hill near — 3 Uplands; near Elsinore; and in Menifee Valley, ae: side County. With this distribution it would not seem surprising to find it at almost any intervening point as is the collection just made, no. 1253, from near Costa Mesa. Here the ground left by the drying up of a winter pool is almost as thickly planted as a lawn. Growing with this Pilularia was found an abundance of the little plant of the Ranunculaceae, Myosurus mint- mus var. apus Greene, a plant that has often made me border upon profanity because of the similarity in ap- pearance, when young, to an Isoetes. Also Elatine brachysperma Gray, the ‘‘Mud Purslane,’’ is found abundantly here. | I have collected a quantity of the Pilularia and shall be glad to send a sheet to any student of this group. I spoke of the two different collections of Isoetes just made at San Diego, because I am quite at a loss to under- - SourtHERN CauirorNiA PTERIOPHYTES 89 Stand the Isoetes of California. In 1918 I collected an Isoetes (no. 680) in a small meadow of the San Ber- nardino Mountains (referred to by Munz and Johnston, Am. Fern Journ. Vol. 13, pg. 122) ; this was determined at that time as Isoetes Bolanderi Engelm. This determi- nation does not seem to be accurate, as it fits much more nicely to I. Orcuttii Eat. Dr. Munz, in his Manual of Southern California Botany, 1935, page 12, places this collection as J. Howellii Engelm. This does not seem to me to be accurate as all corms examined are 3-lobed, as are those of nos. 1155 and 1246. Later I collected another Isoetes (no. 856) near Big Bear Lake that was quite dif- ferent, which I determined as I. Bolanderi and which has been go called by others who have seen this material. Two years ago I collected a small Isoetes (no. 1155) on the desert side of the San Bernardino Mountains. These plants were erowing under the edge of a large granite boulder, where the ground might be damp for a few weeks in the spring, but never could be under water. This plant seems also to be I. Orcuttii, as well as the San Diego plants. San Diego is approximately at sea level, the other two stations at an elevation of 5000 and 6000 feet. I. Orcuttit is supposed. to be partly submerged while nos. 680 and 1246 were terrestrial in habitat. The latter, no. 1246, was coastal, no. 680 in vernal meadows among 4 pine forest on the mountain tops, while no. 1155 was in desert conditions where moisture in the soil is only present for a short period of spring, then desert-dry the rest of the year; growing near it were such plants as Allium fimbriatum Wats., Calochortus Kennedyi Porter, ete. Another interesting series of Isoetes was collected in August, 1933, along the Tioga Pass Road in the Sierra evada Mountains. Here, growing in a pool beside the Stream which runs into Mono Pass, was a great abun- 90 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL dance of a small, stocky Isoetes (no. 1192). This, I felt, was I. Bolanderi var. pygmaea Clute. These plants were totally submerged and seemed to be entirely lack- ing in stomata. At several other places, in this same general region but in conditions varying from total sub- mergence to almost wholly dry soil, I collected plants that seem to be very much the same. I have numbered these collections: 1192, 1193, 1194, 1195. It has been my hope to find time to make a more care- ful study of these plants, but the opportunity does not seem to come. If anyone who is making an exact study of this rather difficult group would like to look over my material, I should be glad to correspond with him. One other collection this spring is of interest. This is one made February 23, 1935, of Adiantum pedatum var. aleuticum Ruprecht. Munz and Johnston summarize the collections of this fern, which is rather rare in Southern California, as: in San Bernardino Mts. in Snow Canyon; a ‘‘Hudsonian Island-of Mill Creek Canyon’’; in the San Gabriel Mts. near Browns Flats; in Little Santa Anita Canyon, on Mt. Wilson; in Eaton Canyon; in Santa Barbara County ‘‘in the northern portions of the ecunty’’; and on Santa Cruz Island! One of my Junior College students, Mr. John W. Johnson, found a plant of this fern in a small canyon near the mouth of Lytle Creek Canyon. He called it to my attention and with him I visited this unnamed canyon. We went farther than Johnson had previously gone and found an abundance of this fern. This canyon is on the north slope of the San Gabriel range and changes quickly from Sonoran zone forms to Upper Transition forms. In less than a half mile, I found Pellaea mucronata D. C. Eaton, P. andromedae- folia (Kaulf.) Fée, Pityrogramma triangularis (Kaulf.) Maxon, Cheilanthes californica (Nutt.) Mett., Poly- NAME OF THE Water HorsetAIL 91 podium californicum Kaulf., Adiantum emarginatum Hook., Thelypteris arguta (Kaulf.) Moxley, Wood- wardia Chamissoi Brack., Polystichum munitum (Kaulf.) Presl, Adiantum pedatum var.-aleuticum Ruprecht, and lastly, Adiantum Capillus-Veneris L. was found by Johnson the next day. I kept a sharp lookout for Asplenium vespertinum Maxon, for this had been found — Once in this general area (Johnson 80 and 2172), but then on the southern slope of the range. Porella sp. was also most abundant in this place. FULLERTON, CALIFORNIA. The Proper Name of the Water Horsetail' JoHN H. ScHAFFNER Several names have been applied to the water horse- tail in the past and there is apparently still some ques- tion as to which is the proper one. In order to deter- mine the correct scientific name, the writer has at- tempted to study the older references following the pub- lication of the two names, Equisetum fluviatile and E. “imosum, by Linnaeus in the Species Plantarum, in 1753. Tn 1921, Fernald and Weatherby traced the validity of the name E. limosum L. back to Roth, 1800, and raised the question whether under the International Rules our water horsetail should not bear that name vather than E. fluviatile, the name used in both the last edition of Gray’s Manual and in Britton and Brown’s Mlustrated Flora. But as will appear below Ebrhart had apparently settled the question properly in favor of E. fluwviatile L. a number of years before Roth made a decided muddle of it. ee * Papers from the Department of Botany, The Ohio State Uni- versity, No. 364, - 92 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL The specific name EF. fluviatile was first published by Linnaeus in 1737. (Flora Lapponieca, p. 310, No. 393). In 1753, Linnaeus included EZ. fluviatile in his Species Plantarum, p. 1062 (No. 4), and followed this with another species, H. limosum (No. 5). Both of these names were also included in the same sequence in the second edition of the Species Plantarum, 1763-4, (p. 1517, Nos. 4,5). From the diagnosis given, it is certain that Linnaeus used EF. fluviatile for the branched form and E. limosum for the unbranched. It was soon recog- nized by various botanists that the two forms were not distinct species and this resulted in confusion as to the choice of the proper name, especially since Ehrhart introduced a new name, E. heleocharis, to include the two and because many botanists thought that Ehrhart’s E. telmateia was the same as E. fluviatile. Apparently Pollich, in 1777, was the first to prefer the name E. fluviatile and to discard EF. limoswm since he does not use the latter in his ‘‘Historia Plantarum in Palatinatu Electorali Sponte Nascentium Incepta.”’ (Bd. II, p. 8). In 1783, Ehrhart pointed out that the branched EZ. fluviatile and the unbranched EF. limosum were forms of the same species and proposed the name E. heleocharis for the aggregation. (Hannov. Mag., Stiick 18, p. 286. See also ‘‘Beitriige zur Naturkunde”’ Bd. Il: p. 159, 1788). In 1787, Ehrhart said (Beitriige, Bd. I. p. 68): ‘‘Equisetum limosum UL. ist eine Abart von dessen [Linnaeus’| #. fluviatile, nicht aber von seinem palustre, von welchem letzeren es so sehr, als immer eit Wolf von einem Fuchse, ein Pferd von einem Esel und ein Haase von einem Kaninchen verschieden ist.’’ Here then we have a definite settlement of the specific nomen- clatorial question, since E. fluviatile is named the species and EF. limosum is reduced to the status of a variety. NAME OF THE WatER HorsETAIL 93 Ehrhart was by far the best student of the Equiseta from the time of Linnaeus to Alexander Braun. In regard to the absurd confusion of E. fluviatile with E. telmateia, Ehrhart in 1788 wrote (Beitrage, Bd. II, p. 99): ‘In Ohne fand ich mein Equisetum Heleocharis, welches Viele mit meinem E. Telmateia fiir eines halten, ungeachtet diese 2 Pflanzen wie Tag and Nacht ver- Schieden sind.’’ In 1789, Leers used only the name E. fluviatile in the Flora Herbornensis, Ed. I, p. 224. n the meantime Ehrhart was evidently beginning to See the error of his way in proposing the name E. hele- ocharis, for in 1792 (Beitrage, Bd. VII, p. 96) he uses only the name E. flwiatile L., following a strict code of priority and discarding E. limosum entirely and his Own substitute, E. heleocharis. There can be no ques- tion but that he was following his conclusion of 1787 when he reduced E. limosum to the status of a variety. Now in 1800, Roth muddled things up in general, disregarding the disposition that Ehrhart had made of the case. In Tentamen Florae Germanicae, Tomus III, p. 9, he united Linnaeus’ two species under the name £. limosum, citing as syonyms E. fluviatile and E. heleocharis. However he transferred the name E£. limosum to the branched form and at the same time introduced a new varietal name, E. limosum, B aphyllum Roth, for the unbranched form which was the true E. limosum of Linnaeus. Even if the matter had not been Settled before by Ehrhart, such unscientific bungling could not be tolerated under any rational procedure. Sinee 1800, both names have been used from time to time up to the present, and even EL. heleocharis Ehrh. was still in use in Europe until recently. The correct name, EH. fluviatile L., was used by various authors; among them Wahlenberg, 1812, Flora Lapponica, p. 398; G. F. W. Meyer, 1836, Chloris Hanov. p. 668; 94 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Newman, 1844, Phytologist, p. 689; Hartman, 1854, Handbok i Skandin. Flora, p. 232; Schur, 1866, Enum. Plant. Transsilyaniae, p. 821; Britton, 1901, Flora Northern States and Canada, p. 23; Eaton, 1902, Fern Bull. 10: 71. It is evident then that without going back to Linnaeus, - which would establish the strict priority name, Ehrhart, by reducing E. limosum to the status of a variety in 1787, and using EZ. fluviatile L. exclusively in 1792, determined the latter as the correct designation for the water horsetail. CoLuMBUs, OHIO. A List of Varieties and Forms of the Ferns of Eastern North America C. A. WEATHERBY (Continued from p. 69) DRYOPTERIS NOVEBORACENSIS (Linnaeus) 1¥Ferns of Northeastern United States, by Farida A. Wiley, American Museum of Natural History, New York City. Privately Published, 1936. $1.00. 7 100 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL bringing out in many cases ‘the habit, the features of the lower part of the frond, a pinna showing sorus-arrange- ment, and a cross section of the stipe. The order is sys- tematic, beginning with Ophioglossum and ending with Polypodium polypodioides, but there is a brief artificial key. Under each species the more important diagnostic features and the habitat are briefly characterized. Many of the drawings are well executed, and really look like the plants. The beginner will have a hard time, however, in distinguishing Botrychiwm obliquum, dissec- tum, and multifidum on the basis of the pictures or data given, particularly since the illustrations of the first and last have been interchanged. The plant sketched as Dryopteris clintoniana does not show the features of that species, and must have represented some hybrid. The drawings of Dryopteris spinulosa and D. campyloptera have also been interchanged. The distinctive features of Pellaea glabella, such as nearly ternate lower pinnae, are not shown in its drawing. _ The methods of distinguishing similar species given under ‘‘Remarks’’ are not always adequate. The op- posite segments of the sensitive fern furnish a better means of telling it from the chain fern than the features given. An error made in Gray’s Manual, that the veinlets of the marsh fern are always forked, is perpetuated. And Athyrium asplenioides does not have the blade broadest at about the center, as stated. Some geographic errors have crept in. Rusty woodsia sometimes grows below 1000 feet, Asplenium pinnatifidum is not limited to mountains, and Polypodium poly- podioides does not grow in the ground nor is it known in forests of Pennsylvania. There are also slips such as the use of spore cases instead of sori in the foreword and pinnules for what fern authorities term segments, and misprints, such as A. instead of J. as the first initial of a Recent FERN Lrrerarure 101 recent writer on ferns. No credit is given to Dr. Waters for his introduction of stipe cross sections as an aid in diagnosis, nor is the existence of the American Fern Society or its Journal mentioned. The work should prove of value to beginners endeavoring to learn the names of the ferns encountered on their field trips, but we wish it had been more carefully edited. An elaborate study of the acidity of the soils of Ten- nessee ferns has recently been published.? In general, the results confirm those of earlier workers, but a few new relations are noteworthy. Cheilanthes lanosa showed Minimacid to subalkaline reaction, corresponding to the fact that west of the Appalachians it may grow on lime- Stone, (though farther east it seems limited to non-cal- careous rocks). Preference for alkaline conditions was shown by several species not previously studied from this standpoint, such as Equisetum arvense, Selaginella apoda, and Dryopteris thelypteris. On the other hand, Lycopo- dium lucidulum, L. obscurum and L. porophilum were limited to mediacid' soils. Several species showed such a wide range that no soil-reaction preference can be as- Signed to them, notably Cystopteris fragilis, Athyrium 4crostichoides, and Polypodium polypodioides. Alston, A. H. G. The Selaginellae of the Malay Islands. I. Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands. Bulletin du Jardin tae de Buitenzorg, Serie III, Vol. XIN, Livr. 3. December, 1935. In a note published last year reviewing a paper of Dr. Alston’s on African ferns, it was of some interest to dis- cover certain familiar American fern types in such a far- off region. In this paper on the species of Selaginella of PS Negcomees en *Soil acidity at the roots of some Tennessee Pteridophytes. Nathan H. Woodruff, Journ, Tenn. Acad. Sci. 10 (4) 276-290, 1935 and 11 (1) 31-52, 1936. 102 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Java and adjacent islands, no familiar name was discoy- ered. Twenty-two different species are keyed out, one of which is reported as climbing. It-is a little surprising to find a monographic treatment of a large genus of this sort which does not include a single species described as new. But it is noted that the Javan species have been carefully described in previous records. Later papers are scheduled to deal with the Selaginellae of other Malayan Islands. Looser, Gualterio. The genera Pteris and Histiopteris and their Chilean representatives. (Los Géneros Pteris e Histiopteris y sus Representantes Chilenos). 1936. In another paper recently received from Dr. Looser, the probability of a recent Chilean climatic change, due to an Antarctic glacial period, is discussed. In this paper on the genus Pteris, nothing common to both North and South America is reported. In fact, it is distinctly stated that Pteridiwm is not represented in Chile. Considering the generally world-wide distribution of Pteridium, this is a little surprising. Reference in this paper to the fact that Christensen recognizes 269 species of Pteris, as it has been understood, raises the question as to what will happen to this large number if Dr. Small is generally followed in applying the name Pteris to the genus including common brakes, as Mr. St. John noted in his recent review of Dr. Small’s book on ‘‘The Ferns of the New York Region.”’ Those of us who can read German and have access to volume 42 of the ‘‘Berichte’’ of the Botanical Society of Switzerland will be interested in M. Rickli’s article therein (pp. 339-356) on the distribution of fernworts in extreme northern Eurasia. Fifty-four species extend into the actual Arctic between 60° and 80° north latitude. The greatest concentration is in northern Scandinavia Recent Fern Literature 103 where 27 species oceur. Rickli believes there is no climatic reason why they should not have gone still farther north ; only lack of land on which to grow has stopped them. There is no marked parallel between the arctic and alpine fern floras. Of the 10 extreme arctic species only half are found in the high Alps; and of the 19 species which ex- tend above timber line in Switzerland only 4 appear in the extreme Arctic. On the other hand, 19 of the species which reach the borders of the Arctic have an almost un- broken distribution from the latitude of the Alps thither. Because of local conditions, the occurrence of many species in the Arctie is sporadic; but there are no Arctic endemics. Dr. Ching, having split off several genera from Poly- podium, is now turning his attention to the great group of Dryopteris. The first result is the reviving of Kunze’s senus Hypodematium, based primarily on the swollen base and anatomy of the stipe—or, as Dr. Ching puts it: ‘‘the limestone dwelling habit and the peculiarly swollen, scaly base of stipe combined mark the genus Hypodematium as being very unique among all other known fern genera, with which it may share similarities in other respects.’’ It is based on the wide-spread tropical species Dryop- teris crenata, with which are associated two local Chinese Species. One, H. shantungense, possesses a somewhat ‘ystopteroid indusium. Dr. Ching believes the genus is most closely related to Cystopteris.® CE cgmaar npr ee * Ching, R.C. On the genus Hypodematium Kunze, Sunyatsenia 3: 3-15, 3 pls. (1935). 104 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Shorter Notes A NEW ASPLENIUM FROM KentTUCKY.—Asplenium ken- tuckiense McCoy, sp. nov. Textura et colore A. Brad- leyt simillimum. Melia caespitosa, erecta vel subpatentia, 8-20 em. longa, oblongo-attentuata, basin versus pinnata, pinnis petiolulatis, superne pinnatifido- lobata, apice ser- rata. Pinnae oblongae, subintegrae, 8—15 mm. longae, basi 3-6 mm. latae, inferiores baseos latere superiore auricu- latae. Stipes brunneus vel niger, nitidus. Rachis inferne stipiti similis, superne plana viridisque. Sporangia locupletissima, faciem inferiorem pinnarum tegentia; sporae fuscae. Lapidem arenarium cum A. pinnatifido incolit. Rhizome short, creeping, 1-2 mm. in diameter. Fronds tufted, erect and spreading, 8-20 em. long, oblong-at- tenuate, with 4-6 pairs of stalked pinnae at the base, passing to pinnatifid lobes, and attenuate-serrate toward the apex. Pinnae oblong, ‘subentire, 8-15 mm. long, 3-6 mm. wide at base, the lower auricled above. Stipe brown to black, shining. Dark color extending well into the lamina. Rest of the rachis flat and green. Sporangia a covering the backs of the pinnae; spores dark brown. The texture and color near that of A. Bradleyi. Found on sandstone cliffs with A. pinnatifidum. This species can be separated from its near relatives A. Gravesii and A. Trudelli by the following characteristics: color of the stipe, texture of the frond, and the number of pairs of pinnae that are definitely stalked. A. Trudelli has one-third of the stipe brown, texture of the frond thickish, spores light brown, pinnae serrate, and 2-3 pairs of stalked pinnae. A. Gravesii has the stipe brown-black all the way to the lamina, texture of the frond intermedi- ate, spores dark brown, pinnae slightly serrate, and pairs of definitely stalked pinnae. The type specimen was collected Oct. 10, 1934, Keyser Creek, Boyd Co., Kentucky; other specimens were eol- lected June 6, 1934, Buzzard Roost, Calloway Co., Ken- tucky (over 400 miles from the first) and June 11, and si.) Jai.) N OURNAL ; J 26 TE N E J \ OLUME 26, PL TE 11 Pe ASPLENIUM KENTUCKIENSE (4 ACTUAL SIZE). OLLECTED Oct. 10, 1934, Keyser CREEK, BoyD County, KENTUCKY, GROWING ON SANDSTONE. 106 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL June 19, 1935, in Rowan County, Kentucky. The type specimen is in the herbarium of the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences. Another specimen has been de- posited in the herbarium of the Morehead State Teachers College. The other material at present is in my her- barium. The writer is indebted to Dr. Edgar T. Wherry for his critical examination of the above specimens, for sub- mitting specimens of rare Aspleniums that are not found in the state, and for valuable assistance in establishing this species. Further the writer is indebted to Rebecca Scott and Dr. Luey A. Whitsel for their valuable help in latin description —Tuos. N. McCoy, Catlettsburg, Ky. A NomencuatoriaL Trirpe—Among the ‘‘Nomina specierum dubiarum”’ in Christensen’s invaluable ‘‘ Index Filicum”’ is ‘‘Pteris thalictroides Muhl.,’’ cited from a paper entitled ‘‘Index Florae Laneastriensis’’ by Henry Muhlenberg, D.D., which was read at a meeting of the American Philosophical Society February 18th, 1791, and published (1793) in Vol. III of their ‘*Transac- tions.’? The names of about 1100 species growing wild in or near Lancaster, Penna., are given, arranged according to the Linnaean system, but without description. Twenty- three species of ‘‘Filices’’ are listed, exclusive of Equisetum and Lycopodium, and along with Pteris aquilina and caudata, a third—P. thalictroides, Schreber!. The name, I think, is not to be found in any of Schreber’s publications and the attribution of it to him is probably explained by Muhlenberg’s statement in his introduction that when he ‘‘found no name in Linne’s [sic] system, i took it from other works lately printed, or from Doctor Schreber’s letters, with whom I have opened a corre- spondence. He is professor Botanices et Historiae naturalis at Erlangen, editor of the Genera Plantarum SHortTER NOTES 107 Linnaei, and, without doubt, one of the first botanists in Europe.’’ 5 In 1813 Muhlenberg published his ‘‘Catalogue of the Hitherto Known Native and Naturalized Plants of North America,’’ again without descriptions. Our dubious Pteris is no longer included, but Pteris atropurpurea and P. gracilis are. As Pellaea atropurpurea grows in Lancas- ter Co., nothing is easier than to assume that it must have been the fern for which the now discarded name was in- tended. ‘‘Thalictroides,’’ if in allusion to the basal leaves, would not be inappropriate, which adds weight to the assumption. Still, however plausible, it is so far a suggestion only. Perhaps it was some abnormal form of bracken he had in hand. The Philosophical Society possesses a series of manu- script volumes of Muhlenberg’s notebooks. Looking over them not long ago I came across a MS. which might have been the basis of the paper read at the meeting of Feb- ruary 18th, 1791. ‘‘Pteris thalictroides Schreberi’” was there as printed, and aeross it, written not quite so care- fully, ‘‘Pteris atropurpurea,’’ as though the author at some later date, had added the emendation. So the ‘plausible suggestion’ becomes a certainty and, on the writer’s own authority, we may equate Pteris thalictroides Muhl. with Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link. and Jet it pass into synonymy.—ArtTHuR N. Leeps, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. A New EAstTEerRN STATION FOR PILULARIA AMERICAN A.— As brought out recently by Dr. Small,’ there is in the ree 1 In both the MS. and the published ‘ ‘Index?’ the first syllable is Spelled ‘‘tal’’ and not ‘‘thal.’’ 2 Small, John K. Pilularia rediscovered in the East. Journal of the New York Botanical Garden 36: 141-142. 1935. 108 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden a specimen of Pilularia americana A. Br., collected at Winder, Georgia, about 35 years ago. Except for this record, the plant has not been reported from east of the Mississippi River, and is, indeed, not at all well known as far east as Arkansas, where it was collected by Thomas Nuttall in 1818 or 1819. The Winder locality has not been redis- covered. On March 15, 1936, the writer, with Mr. Joseph H. Pyron of the University of Georgia, discovered Pilularia growing in great abundance in shallow pools near Logans- ville, Walton Co., Ga., about 15 miles southwest of Winder. Here several acres of flat granite rocks are exposed, and shallow soil pockets are formed in the irregular surface of the rock. The most conspicuous plant in the shallow soil is the brilliant red Diamorpha cymosa. Certain of the soil pockets have the nature of more or less permanent pools, due apparently to small springs on the upper side of the outcrop, and in these the dominant plant is a species of Isoetes (now thought to be J. Engelmannt A. Br.), which is so abundant that it forms a thick turf in the shallow water. _ The Pilularia oceurs in the mud of the same pools, creeping extensively among the crowded plants of the Isoetes. The former is very inconspicuous, and is not easily seen until some of the mud is washed out of a mass of the plants, when the abundant sporocarps become evident. As Dr. Small suggested in the paper nidatiated above, this plant may be much more widely distributed than is now known. In view of its habitat at the Logansville station, it should be sought throughout the granite region of central Georgia, wherever permanent shallow pools occur in the rock outerops.—RocErs McVavueu, Univer- sity of Georgia. SHortTerR Notes 109 Two INTERESTING FERNS OF LyYNDEBORO, NEw Hamp- SHIRE.—Lyndeboro has a line of ledges that are 99% pure silica, from which ‘‘Lyndeboro glass’’ was made. On these ledges we have found Ebony Spleenwort (Asplenium platyneuron) with plain and also with in- cised edges. In November, 1934, Mrs. Gladys Emery Foote found, on the northern slope of one of these ledges, under a hemlock tree in deep shade, a fine plant of Polypodium virginianum, forma cambricoides. A foot or more away were one or two others, bearing six or more fronds. There were beds of the common pyneny on the ledge but not near by. The fragrant marsh fern came to my attention nearly twenty years ago, when I was picking every fern I could find and taking the fronds home to identify. Two fronds left on the table over night wilted and so filled a large room with their fragrance that I felt sure we had Dryop- teris fragrans—only to be disappointed. The fragrant form seems to be fairly frequent here, not always near the common marsh fern. One colony of a dozen or more fronds was found in a pine grove with no other ferns of any kind near. An odd arrangement was found under an old stone wall with only the fronds above the stipe Showing on the sunny side of the wall. Plants of the fragrant form are well scattered over the shaded, damp portion of my wild garden, not thickly in any part of it, but in plenty. Years ago a friend who knew sweet grass when she saw it helped me hunt for the source of the elusive odor which we now know came from these ferns. The odor is strongest as they wilt—Eumasera H. Ricnarps, South Lyndeboro, New Hampshire. Massacnuserts Fern In WAYNE County, PENNSYL- VANIA -—As the known range of the Massachusetts Fern 1S Somewhat limited, I am glad to be able to report a new locality. The fern grows over a rather extensive area in 110 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL a bog near Poyntelle, about four miles south of Lake Shehawken. It grew in large patches here and there between the ubiquitous Cinnamon Fern. The Crested Fern, Dryopteris spinulosa and D. intermedia were com- mon on the drier spots and along the edges of the bog were the slender spikes of the Marsh Fern. Rhododendron maximum occupied the underwood. In northern Wayne County this shrub is found only im swamps, marshes and bogs. The elevation above sea level at Poyntelle is 2050. I am quite sure that this is the highest reported elevation for the Massachusetts Fern—W. L. Dix, Trenton, New Jersey. Father Julius A. Nieuwland, C. 8. C., died on June 11, 1936, at the age of 58. He was a member of the faculty of Notre Dame University, serving successively as Profes- sor of Botany, Dean of the College of Science, and Pro- fessor of Organic Chemistry. Among fern students he is known as the author of numerous new combinations, especially under Thelypteris, being especially successful in bringing to light long overlooked publications of generic names. American Fern Society As duly announced, a trip of the Society was held in the vicinity of Jamesville, New York, on Sunday, June 21st, with ten members in attendance: R. T. Clausen, E. T. Emmons, Miss N. B. Kimber, I. W. Knobloch, H. E. Ransier, R. P. St. John, William Spawn, Mrs. C. Y Tanger, E. T. Wherry and Miss M. F. Wright, and several visitors. Under the guidance, first, of Dr. Mildred E. Faust of Syracuse University, we visited a large colony of Scolopendrium in the State Park, finding AMERICAN FERN Socrety 111 it in fair shape, though badly affected by drought. Magnificent specimens of Athyrium pycnocarpon and Dryopteris goldiana were also seen here, in moister situ- ations. Next we visited the basin of White Lake, where the hart’s-tongue was formerly abundant, but found this colony reduced nearly to the vanishing point, apparently through some climatic change. In view of the fact that recent amateur writings have implied the existence of Some relation between this fern and oak trees, special watch was kept as to tree associates, and while no oaks were to be seen, the American linden was found to be a good guide to the presence of hart’s-tongue. Under the arbor-vitae trees on steep north-facing slopes around White Lake we were so fortunate as to find numerous plants of Botrychium lunaria var. onondagense. In the afternoon Mr. Ransier guided us to the neigh- borhood of Evergreen Lake, and showed us additional occurrences of the Botrychium, including some very large individuals; an extensive isolated colony of Cryp- togramma stelleri, on a seemingly dry limestone cliff; and several other ferns of rare occurrence in the region. The state law forbidding the collection of hart’s-tongue fern was faithfully obeyed, but there being no law against collecting spores, these were obtained by several of the party who are finding the raising of ferns an attractive pursuit—E. T. WHERRY. Mr. F. Willard Bowman, 245 Beverly Road, Douglas- ton, New York, would like to get living specimens of any ferns of the northeastern states which he has not already in his collection and will give in exchange living dupli- Cates of most of those in the following list. The nomen- Clature is that of Small’s ‘‘Ferns of the Vicinity of New York.’’ 412 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL 1—Polypodium virginianum. oie eit acrostichoides. 2—Pteris latiuscula 23—Polystic Brau 3—Adiantum edatum. SE" Phaponiars hexagonoptera. 4—Pellaea a tropurpurea. 25—Phegopteris Phegopteris. 5—Anchistea virginica. 26—Phegopteris Dryopteris. 6—Lorinseria areolata 27—Cystopteris fragilis. ee aqatnioote: 28—Cystopteris bulbifera, 8—Asplenium Trichomanes. 29—W oodsia ilvensis. Sheen platyneuron. 30—YW oodsia obtusa. 10—Athyrium asplenioides. 31—Dennstaedtia punctilobula. 11—-Athyrium angustum. 32—Onoclea sensibilis. 12—Diplazium acrostichoides. 33—Pteretis nodulosa. 13—Camptosorus rhizophyllus. 34— Osmunda regalis. 14—Thelypteris noveboracensis. 35—Osmunda cinnamomea. 15—Thelypteris Thelypteris. 36—Osmunda Claytoniana. 16—Dryopteris marginalis, 37—Botrychium obliquum. 17—Dryopteris cristata, 38—-Botrychium dissectum. oe Nich pteris Goldiana. 39—Botrychium multifidum.. Parietal intermedia. 40—Botrychium virginianum. pone Dryopteris spinulosa. 41—Scolopendrium vulgare. spi rs eee campyloptera. Mr. Bowman invites anyone interested to visit his fern garden. New members: Andrus, Miss Catherine, Berkshire School, Sheffield, Mass Buell, J. H., Appalachian Forest Experiment Station, 233 Federal Building, Asheville, N. C. Edson, Mrs. J ieubing Z., 54 Fairview Ave., Rochester, N. Y. Gordon, Dr. Robert B., Ohio State University, Columtven, Ohio. Hiss, eae Berry, Hill nd Hollow Farm, Hyde Park, N. Y. Jehlen, C. F., 12 Madeline Parkway, Yonkers, N. Y. - Ryan, Glen i, 392 Sinex Ave., Pacific Grove, Cal. Spicer, Wilmot, J., 273 Hunter St., Glen Falls, N. Y. Change of address: Stone, Miss Edna L., 3216 44th St. N. W., Washington, D. C. . THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB Including Bulletin, Memoirs, and Torreya, $5.00 a year PUBLICATIONS Bulletin. Mon ad September, estab- exc Jul — an lished 1870, Price og gone: oS aligie seabes 35 au OF former volumes, only 24-47 ‘can be rb separately, scripts intended for pincoen oad in the Buttetin should be ad- dressed to M. A. Curyster, Editor, Rutgers University, New Bruns- Torreya, Bi-monthly, established 1901. Price, $1.00 a year. Manuscripts intended for publication in | Torey should be ad- dressed to Gzorce T. Hasrinas, Editor, 87 Sedgewick Ave., New York, N. Y, Occasional, established 1889, Price, $3.00 to $5.00 a Preliminary Catalogue o: Bide on Leah and Pteridophyta, within rare of New York City, 1888. On sale. Reduced from Subseri: ti should be ad- dressed pions Treas Br ion wen z. gg ees Sebermerhorn Hall, Columbia University, New York City. eae teats Soe Sees THE BRYOLOGIST PUBLISHED BY THE ANT MOSS The only magazine in English wholly devoted to Mosses, et Boge ts Lichens. Bi-monthly; illustrated; for the beginner as well for the professional. 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Benedict at Broo! | Botanie Garden, 1 1000 ¥ Ampvriran # ern Journal Vou. 26 OctTopeR—~DECEMBER, 1936 “No. 4 The Hart’s-Tongue in Tennessee 1878-1935 ELEANoR McoGinurarpb The Hart ’s-tongue in Tennessee, though discovered hear South Pittsburg about 1878 and appearing in literature several times between that date and 1911, has Scarcely been heard from since. During the past few months, the writer has attempted to collect the available history of the fern in this, the only southern station, as Well as to determine its present status and perhaps its future. THE FERN To-DAY Trips to the ‘‘Sink’’ in 1933 and 1934 were the means of interesting me in the fern and a final trip for more nearly complete data was planned for May 11,1935. The day dawned clear and pleasantly cool, and we left Chat- tanooga early in the morning. My good friend Mrs. Fred, Porter, and two of my students at the University of Chattanooga, Everest McDade and Wm. Taylor, Jr., accompanied me. McDade’s camera and a stout rope were also with us. We drove over the mountain and into Sequatchie Val- ley and finally arrived at our usual parking place. We Shouldered the luggage and were soon making our way up the mountain on the east bank of Chitty’s Creek. In 7 enaenieriome, Volume 26, No. 3 of the Journal, pages 77-112, plates 7-11, was issued Oct. 29, 1936. 113 114 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL the fall one may scramble over the rocks in the bed of the creek, but not in the spring. We followed a path which was apparent most of the way and which ascended the rather steep bank. We reached some elevation above the creek and after about thirty minutes knew that soon we must descend or miss the huge beech tree whose roots are in the creek, and whose trunk bears the date 1878, which is our guide to the Sink. Suddenly we realized that the roar of water was greater than a minute before and we looked across, through some of the trees and over others and beheld a snowy, rushing mass. It was the falls that cascade so beautifully over a series of ledges into the sink, finally reaching its floor where two cracks receive the watery bounty. We hurried down the bank to the creek, crossed it by jumping from rock to rock, and scrambled up the short but steep grade on the west side to the rim of the sink. Whata sight! A great hole, 30 by 50 feet at the actual brink or 40 by 60 at a higher level which earlier visitors must have considered the true rim. We climbed around to the north side, and holding to a stout rope tied to a tree to avoid slipping in the soft muddy soil, made our way down the steep slope to the north brink. I aimed at twin trees growing at the very edge and sat down astride them, my feet hanging over the edge, partly supported by bushes. As soon as I could adjust my field glasses, I began to search for plants of Seolopendrium and was rewarded. Almost at once I was certain of one plant. The top of the sink, from this point, is readily seen to be triangular, the east and west walls converging toward the south. On the north side there is a sheer drop of thirty-five feet, from where I sat to the bottom. The distance from this rim to the upper one is fifty-five feet, the total ninety feet, which is the figure given by Dr. Maxon (7). From the north-west the water cascades, - Hart’s—TonevuE IN TENNESSEE 115 Spray from it almost filling the cavity. As the cool misty air met the warm air above, a light fog arose, and until my own spectacles became adjusted to the situation, a film formed and reformed on them. Finally my lenses remained clear and I began to appreciate the place as never before. On my other trips I had to be satisfied . with what could be seen in the reduced light of late afternoon in fall, and now it was noon and spring. Just a about twelve o’clock and until a little after one, the sink received direct rays from the sun. The wealth of large trees that are growing on the slope between upper and lower rims keep the hole dimly lighted except when the Sun is directly over it. On the wall of the sink that is nearest the creek (which is the east wall, facing west), there are two ledges, one some fifteen feet from the top and the other twenty feet below the first. On the upper ledge, near its south end, is the plant I had located. Taylor went down to this ledge via an old steel cable and Soon located a much larger plant than the first, growing close to the perpendicular wall and near the north end. This plant had been seen on each of my other trips made in September, 1933, and October, 1934. The removal of Several plants of stinging nettle gave a splendid view of the fern and several pictures were made. The boys then decided to descend to the bottom, another twenty feet down the cable, the kodak and tripod being lowered by means of the rope. By this time I had located _ 4 plant on the lower ledge which is partly under the upper one, hence only part of this plant was visible from the top. It proved to be the largest one of all, some of ' the fronds about a foot long. It was photographed also. On the opposite side (wall which faces east) is a ledge about on a level with the lower one jutting from the east. This was found to contain a large plant near its north end and two smaller ones toward the south, a total of six adult Plants on all ledges. AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VOLUME 26, PLATE 12 5 9 In THE SINK at SoutTH PITTSBURG, TENNESSEE. A FROND OF HART’S-TONGUE MAY BE SEEN A LITTLE BELOW AND TO THE LEFT OF THE CENTER OF THE PICTURE, Hart’s~ToNGuE IN TENNESSEE 117 In 1900, shortly after his visit to the sink, Dr. Wm. R. Maxon wrote the following as part of his article published in the Plant World on ‘‘The Hart’s-tongue in New York and Tennessee’ (7). In describing the sink, he said— “‘Tts walls are perpendicular and without foothold on two sides, and on the other two retreat to form a cave which extends beneath the cliffs.’? The opening of this cave is prominent at the south-east corner of the sink. The upper edge of the opening is about twenty feet from the top of the sink and extends toward the north under the upper ledge. Dr. Maxon said further—‘‘ Across and above to the right (north-west corner of sink) is the miniature cascade. A few of the ferns are there on the wet cliffs, almost within the spray but the great majority —more than a hundred, I think—are at our feet on the leveler, clayey floor under the partial shelter of the pro- jecting ledge. The soil is a light colored, rather loose clay which becomes extremely sticky upon moistening. What a difference from the black leaf molds of our north- ern woods!’’ At present and for several years past, this floor has been a bit different. From the floor of the cave (south- east) to the cracks through which the water disappears, there is a rather steep slope. Much of it is bare, the Surface having a dark slaty appearance, sticky when moist. Part of it is green, probably algal growth, and the rest, a bed about fifteen feet long by half as wide, is covered by a dense growth of moss and liverwort. A close examination of this disclosed a number of tiny Hart’s-tongue plants, their fronds averaging not more than an inch in length. During the summer A. J. Sharp visited the sink, counted the tiny plants, and sent me word that there are twenty in and near the bed of liver- worts. Great was our excitement! We had come, hoping to be 118 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL able to report that the ferns were holding their own, and | we found ourselves possessed of the news that the Hart’s- tongue in Tennessee is increasing. . HISTORY About 1878, the territory south-west of South Pitts- burg, where the Hart’s-tongue in Tennessee is located, was prospected for mines. In fact Major Cheatem, an engineer, combed the region in search of new mines. In 1879 he wrote to Mr. John Williamson, of Louisville, Kentucky, sending him specimens of the ferns for identi- fication, together with a description of the place. He recognized the plants as ferns and called them ‘‘deer- tongues. ’’ In 1890 or thereabouts, the family of Mr. Joseph Lodge, of South Pittsburg, English people who were familiar with the Hart’s-tongue in their homeland, learned of its presence in the vicinity. Mr. R. H. Middleton, also an Englishman, who sold insurance in South Pittsburg at that time, had previously learned about the fern. When Mr. R. L. Lodge, son of Joseph, and still a resident of South Pittsburg, was a small boy he remembers taking trips with Mr. Middleton and thus becoming acquainted with the fern. In a recent letter Mr. Lodge says— ‘Mr. Middleton told me of this fern and showed me a specimen that he said was growing near the top and that he had been able to get with his walking cane.’’ The entire Lodge family, we might say, adopted the fern and has been most zealous of its welfare ever since. It is alto-_ gether possible that without their interest the sink might no longer harbor these rare plants.! In 1898, Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Lodge estimated 200 plants in the Sink. 1 Note.—People in this section are curious about unusual plants. ro ae very quiet about the ferns, the Lodges have prevented ir dem Therefore, when you visit the ferns, depend si upon ‘ieee ow for direction. Harr’s—ToN@uE IN TENNESSEE 119 When Dr. Maxon and Mr. Pollard from the Smith- sonian Institution visited there in August, 1900, with R. L. Lodge, then a young boy, as guide, they too were impressed with the large number of plants. Dr. Maxon gave 110 as the number he believed to be there then. When Dr. Elisha Lee, for many years the leading phy- siclan in Bridgeport, Alabama, was a young man, he became interested in botanical collections made by his daughters as part of their school work. He was espe- cially interested in ferns and began to collect them. Mrs. Lee was a daughter of Russel Bean, and a great grand- daughter of William Bean, first settler of Tennessee. The land on which the Sink is located belonged to the Bean family for several generations. From them the Portland Cement Co. at Richard City, purchased it about 1908. Some time after his marriage into the Bean family, Dr. Lee became acquainted with the strange plant in the Sink. He recognized it as a fern but did not know its correct name. It had come to be known as the “‘Bean Fern’’ and this name persisted until the visit of Dr. Maxon and Mr. Pollard in 1900. Dr. Lee was interested in exchanging as well as collecting ferns. He built up a splendid collection from all parts of the world. On the thirtieth of November (1934) Mrs. Fred. Porter and I made the trip to Bridgeport and visited with Dr. Lee for about two hours. We were greatly inspired. Dr. Lee Was then nearly ninety-six years old. He was very deaf, and saw poorly, but his mind was quite clear and he enjoyed talking with us about the Hart’s-tongue. Dr. Lee told us that he had collected ferns from the Sink Several times. The first time he wished some, he bar- gained with a small neighborhood boy, ‘‘who could climb anything,’’ to go into the Sink. The next time he wished Some he went down himself via a tree and a rope. He recalled the trip vividly and chuckled as he told us about 120 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL it. (Dr. Maxon also has a vivid recollection of his trip into the Sink. Not long ago he mentioned it. The pul- ley broke, and he will never forget being hauled out ‘‘like so much ¢coal.’’) Dr. Lee’s daughter, Mrs. Freeman, had unearthed her father’s ferns for our inspection. We looked through all in the hope of finding specimens of the Hart’s-tongue from Tennessee, but to no avail. He had exchanged many with other collectors and evidently expected to make another trip for ferns for himself. There are no less than a dozen fine fronds from the sta- tion at Jamesville, New York, so there should be a consid- erable number from Tennessee somewhere in New York. Though unmounted, his ferns were in a pleasing state of preservation. We expressed the hope that his collection may sometime become a part of some public herbarium. We learned later that it is his desire, that, preferably, some Southern college will purchase and take care of it. The Hart’s-tongue plants had decreased greatly by 1911, for, in that year, Mr. Graves visited them, and could count only 58 in September. About 1915, Dr. Lee made his last visit to the ferns and he said, ‘‘ There were very few.’’ In 1925, Mr. R. L. Lodge reported to Dr. Maxon, ‘‘ Only a few ferns left.’’ In 1930, Mr. Graves reported only six plants there in 1929, and decided that in a few years there would be no Hart’s-tongue growing at the Southern station (5). In June, 1935, Mr. Graves wrote me that he was much interested in my report of the station and especially in the location of the plants there. He told me that in 1929 he had carried with him spores from a plant growing in his garden which had originally come from Owen Sound, Ontario. These he sowed on the top. of the south slope and toward the south-west. He felt sure there were no plants on the upper shelf at that date. He said that at Hart’s~TONGUE IN TENNESSEE 121 that time the south slope had caved in. The cave-in occurred, then, sometime between 1911 and 1929. In 1931 Mr. Anderson snggested that it seems likely that the ferns will disappear from the Tennessee sta- tion (1). In the fall of 1933 and of 1934, this indeed seemed likely. In 1933 we saw five plants and in 1934 could be certain of only two, and these on the upper shelf. Both of these visits were made in late afternoon, however, and parts of the Sink were quite dark. It is with great pleasure that we report at least twenty- Six plants flourishing in the year 1935. We must add, though, that probably only the four adult plants on the lower shelves are from the original stock, while the twenty infants are no doubt from spores, (mentioned above) and at least the large plant on the upper shelf has likely been planted there since 1929. No one knows what became of the lost plants. A few were carried out, some met a natural death there, but most of them must have met their fate when the south Slope caved in. The change in the contour of the south end of the Sink has been considerable, and there have been heavy rains, near floods, that could easily have loosened the fern mass and precipitated it into oblivion. Before our 1935 trip to the sink, I was somewhat dis- turbed over the suggestion that changes in the edaphic conditions of the place were responsible for the gradual death of the plants, that, for example, the temperature and humidity were possibly no longer favorable or the light insufficient. If such had been the case, the station would soon have become extinct. At this time, it is impossible to know certainly whether or not the return of the ferns is due to the introduced Spores, but I believe we can state that ‘‘ favorable condi- tions are still with us.’? To the writer, the latter is the 122 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL most interesting and important statement in the paper. The ferns are flourishing and from all appearances will continue to do so. LITERATURE CITED 1. Anderson, W. A., Jr. new from Ken- tucky, 104; Abectnte. Oc Gs 59; acrosticholdes, 20, nods 43, 50, 59; Curtissii, 5, 6, 3. 43, 48, 50, 59; dentatum, 59, 80. 4; ebenoides, 82. 138, 139); Aspleniums, Appalachian, 77 Athyrium, 22; acrostichoides, 101; alpes e, 13 eri- 5, elatius, 13 133, var. glandulosum, 135, var. 133-135, laurentianum, yar. rubellum, 133-135 ; aspleni- oides, 1, 3, 7, 100, f. su tripinnatum, 133; Filix-femina, 132, f. plano-rhaeticum, 135, f; rectangulare, @ nag er 6 re : pye Th, ; the teroides 130, £; acrostichoides, , 132. See also INDEX TO VOLUME 26 145 Azolla, 2 18, ver ih, var a var aurentiana, var. acka ii, BENEDICT atalogue of 14, var. protru va hardy hs eae 74; hunt- tenuis, 14 ing fern hybrids near Newton, 3 J., 36; report of the a Dennstaedtia adiantoides, 56; Bs well-curbs as fern gardens “punetilobula, ie - cristata, 99, , oyseri, 99, f. Bleehmam ———e 43, 50, 59; schizophylla, 99, var. cristata, "Se et pp 8; angustisegmen- Dinan ee Dicksonta ory dissectum, 26, 28, 30, Dicksonia_pilosiuscula, f. nana, 0, ag elongatum, 28, f. obli- on 9 ie 99, f. schiz ophylla, 99. See also gon 26, 28, 30, f. oneidense, Dennsta Ohta hg owes ee apn Dapemels M. W. Growing Florida onondagense, 111; multifidum, 22, 100; obliqnum, 2, 59, 100,. Dipasium, 20. var. tenuifolium, 143; silaifo. D4 was sere ium, 22; i a ? i 3 pee soem var, inter nia, 109 : 2 new form of the rake, purple-stemmed 73; cinnamon fern, slender, cliff, 73 ist ag Dryopteris, — 22, 70, 103; ampla, Bro Pteris it 6, 58, ; augescens, ; Gratien in west-central Florida, tii, 69, 143; campyloptera, 20, 21 ry impressions of th 69, 100; Clintoniana, 62, 100; aT d Ferns” and a x Goldiana, ’ nata, fern garden, 55 103; cristata, 64, var. Clin- Brown, me wild flowers toniana, 63-65, f. Slossonae, of Lou uisiana, par . Ferns 65; cristata lancastriensis, 64; and fern-allies (review), 70 eristata mariana, ; cristata USH, F. Tracy’s Ferns of x Goldiana, 143; cristata x in- Missouri (review), 69 termedia, 143; cristata x mar- ginalis, 143; cristata x spinu- | California pteridophytes, 87 losa, 143; dentata ~ dilatata, Galochor tus Kennedyi, 86 20, 69, 74, var. cana, 69; amebylonenron ‘angustifoligm, 59; erythrosora -mas, 60, costatum, 59; phy eh se 50, 74, f. fc ornectobiee 61,5598 59. ee also. Poiyp cisa, eS subintegra, 60; es, _izophyllus, 138, ee ne x apiunlota, 9; flori- 139, f. dana, 1, 5, 7, 59; fragrans, 62, Celtis’ tavvign dng 138 109, var. _Hookeriana, ; Ceratopteris delitoidea, 6 Goldiana, 38, 39, 638, 111, Cheil ilanthes alabamensis, 136— subsp. celsa, 63, var. prolifera, 138 ; eatin nica, 72, ; Feei, 63; Goldiana x marginalis, 38, 138 : lanosa, Rue 138 ; ‘micro- 39; Goldiana x spinulosa, 65 ; phylla, 3, 5 gonoptera, 58, 71, 129; inte Curna, R. C. ‘On the genus Hypo- gonoptera, 58, 71, 139; inter: dematium Kunze (review), 103 ; ia, 69, 110; Linnacan®, — revision of the compound- nali 2 oe leaved Polysticha and other r 62, f. Davenportii, 62, f. © vain Apocies in. the continental ga a ol. ok 7 arr a inclu o ; See ae ey OE mosa (review), 70 8G, 97, 127, in South Caroline, lossa palmata, 56 y Va Cissus incisa, 137, 138 , 97; noveboracen- Commelina crispa, 13 sis, fragra 97 Cryptogramma Stelleri, 111 mensis, 59 ; $7: Phe. 141; faleatum, 3, 4 127, yar. glandulosa, 97; Cystopteris, 3: bulbifera, 13, gopteris, 129, in — S *O7, 14,438" 130, °f. horizontalis, lina, 129; reptans, 5, G De 0 15, var. horizontalis, 15; Filix- var. conformis, 97; Robertiana, fragilis, var. tenuis, ;_ fra- 96 ; vet seawie 100, is, 12, 13, 101, 134, 138, f spinulosa, 65, 66, 68, O0:, Go" angustata, 12, f. cristata, 13, 110, var rdiana, 5 63.’ 69, f ta, 13, i4, f, fureata, ype eon ie : a, 12. 5 f. magna- var, dumet var. tuosa, vag »ayp var. ‘intermedia, sora, 13, simulans, 13, var. acutidentata, 13, var. cristata, 66, 68; spinulosa-remota, 69; 146 submarginalis, 58, 59; sub- ea age 593 Thelypteris, 2 i 59, 94, 101, Haleana, 95, 96, var eubarcnser D5;:.f. Agggicrs a Bae Feat: poo 95. dium, Lastrea, Phesonterin oe Thelypteris Elatine Baad tar oy 88 ENDSLE J. R. A _ preliminary rc on the ferns Fs Chester Equisetum arvense, iets fiu Fee —9. Heleocharis, 92, 93; hyemale, 20; 94,” 6B aphyllum, ose praealtum, 20; telmateia, holly, 141; beech, : long northern beech; 129, in Macon Co., North Caro- lina, 129 ; ; southern ig 129; o— ; cinnamo 11 ew | Pe 24; phone Ny 110; sada. ee, 130; holly, 58; aft : cathe, ad in Wayne 0., ennsylvania, n , 96; resurrection, 2; sensitive, 100; shield, hs 58; — —s ng, 2; silve 22; ng-leaf, 138, 139 warn. Siesiee adventures in, II, 136; field-notes for 1936, 127: garden, a Florida, 55; gardens, well- seni as, ne ; hybrids near Newton, ; literature, recent, 69, 995 Paik be) Ameri- can, 30, 75, 110, 142; surprise Ferns, a logue of h eis & - f central Florida, i s : 60, 13 Florida, growin » a of ‘rane. 1 PRR OD 5 Se | of the vicin- ity of New York Paes boon 16 — paper darn = frondosa, 96, ar. lineari Florida Fecai cara: 55; ferns, distribution of, 41; ferns, grow- ing, 1; ferns, new, 50; Pteris muitifida naturalized in, 21 GRAVES, E. W. Obituary, 75 GRAY. Ww. D. Variants of some Aaoelaciian Aspleniums, 77 Hart’s-tongue, 73, 75, 111, 113, 117-120, 122-124, 139-141, 148; in Maryland, 122; in Tennessee, 113; transplants of, Helianthus hirsutus, 137 se water, 91; proper name ot, AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Homalosorus, 20, 22 Hypodematium, 103 ; gen 103 Hipolasia repens, 43, 50, 59 Isoetes Bolanderi, 89, var. pyg- maea, 90; En eit amen: 108; Howellii, 89; Orcuttii, 87-89 Japanese Shield fern, 23 Juniperus virginiana, 138 shantun- yey eens new Asplenium from, 1 KNOBLOCH, I. W. aea glabella = the Niagara peautiee region, ei Lastrea dilatata B tanacetifolia, 69; Filix-mas, 60, var. incisa,. 0; Goldiana, : tegerrima, 63, su serr: roids ; marginalis,, B Traillae, he s, ; Thelypt eris, Dryopteris and Thelypt téri ae A. N. The hart's-tongue sceacietorial trifle, 10 & Litobrochia tripartita, 58, 59. See also Pteris Looser, G. toepe Fae org Pteris y¥ Histiopte ‘ sus represen- ee pal ‘Chilenos is cade wal og oe Lorinseria 58; lucidulum, 23, 101; ohecdeaah: 202°: porophilum, 23. ove ge Selazo, 23, 128, paten ryland, hart’s-tongue in, 122 Matteuceia Stak og cnt 15. seco ct N° a new Asplenium from Kentucky, 1 McGIbuiarD, E, The oe s-tongue ' gin Tennessee, Pipettes at McVaucH, R. A new eastern sta- for Pilularia americana, Meniseium Peary oda 56. See Li osperma, 137 Mentzelia . gos sperma, 1 Petersii re ppl, Mitchella re} 141 Myosu minimus, var, apus, 88 Nephrodium acrostichoid 97; cana ides, 133; eristatumi Clintonianum, f. sylva ti : var. Slossonae, 65; ri ris~ he 62, eter f. Davenpor distans, 62, f. he reser 1; panamense INDEX TO VOLUME 26 lobulum, 99; concordianum, 58 ; spinulosum, var. spinulosum tenue, 14; z ee also Athy- rium, Pyatoptecic, eanetantta ephrolepis, 9; biserrata, 59; exaltata, 59 ew Hampshire, ferns of Lynde- boro, 1 y fern hybrids near Niagara rested, Pellaea glabella NIEUWLAND, J. A. Obituary, ae Nomenclatorial novelties Small’s Ferns of the Vicinity of New York, 21; trifie, 1 North America, athe. ae forms of ferns of eastern, 11, 60, 94, 130 North Carolina, an intermediate beech fern in, 129; Woodsia ilvensis in, 127 Obituaries : eect Ta: JS. A, anbae el Onoclea pay mre obtusilo- . eta, 15; sensibilis, "15, eG, t. hemiphyllodes, 51s Meee ot obtusi- lobata - m monstr, hemi- var, bipinnata, 16; Struthiopteris, 15, f. obtu- i 0 Matteuc- 100; ealifornicum, ch ate ah aie ta En- gelmanni, 46, 71; danum. 43, 50, 52, 53, a Heroes 54, t; reticulosum, 55 entaee cin cated 24, ecrenulata, 26, e incisa, oe f, Sue uecumbens, 142; regalis, 1, 5 PaLMeEr, B. J. Adventures in fern collecting, II, .186 Paltonium lan ceolatu um, trop rea, pd ae LO epee 274.100, inthe Aone frontier region, 72; ucronata, 72, 90 Pennsylvania, Mommctonsests fern n Wayne Co 3; Dryopteris, interrupta, 96, var. 108, new ceatare station for, Pinus echinata, 137 Pityrogramma triangularis, 90 147 Polypodium, 103; bulbiferum, 14; Fnge ter ders , 72, ae ; prtatatam, 64; dent Dryo p- teri ris, 36. gona iltx: -femina, 1323 6, lumula, 59; polypodioides, oP a 7%. 100, 101, Par repta 97: 96; CB ni eA, 66: gontatenannins 44; vir- inia fe & cambricoides, 109 ; — are, var. hur e, 62. lso Athyrium, Caipyie: neuron, Pectarteta. ‘Dryopteris, Polystichum and Woodsia dyteaad common, 109; golden, Polystichum, 70; acrostichoides, 97, é crispum, ’97, z, Pag seein, Gravesii, 97, f. incisum, 98, t __janceolatum, 98, f. mul- 98, recurvatum, 97 marginale, 98; munitum Pa: Pteretis nodulosa, 15, si- senar! 258: iebania 15. o Onoclea and Struthiop- 21. See also Pteris ris epee Bagh atro- ee 107-3 59 ti , 130; ‘eeattiie. 107: ot multifida, 21. naturalized Florida, 21: thalictroides, 106, LOT vittata, See also Pellaea and Pyenodoria Purslane, mud, 8s Pyenodoria cretica, 44, 59; pine- torum, 59; vittata, 20, 71. See also teris pecent fern literature, 69, 99 retary, 31; “3 the treasurer, Alston, A H. G. Sela- idee of as Malay porn a Java and the Sunda Islands, aot. Bree (Ba Som e wild adeno of P Louisiana, and — Co., Tennessee, Ferns’ of Bg northeastern United Stat 99. Woodruff, N.. HL. gre acidity at the roots of 80 essee pterido- phytes, OL Rhododondron maximu 110 Ricuarps, E. H. Two Tuteeating ferns of Lyndeboro, N. H., 109 St. Joun, E. P. New ferns of cen- tral Florida, 50; rare ferns of central Florida, I, 41 A : Small’s ferns of f New York (re- vinia, 1, 20; auriculata, 20; natans, BY niger nigie gy H. The proper of the water ee 91 Secisnantvline; 110, Selaginella apoda, iol: taut. SMALL, J. Ferns of the vicin- ity ME New York (review), 16, South Carolina, Dryopteri — ar Re Asplenium eaiiien Sphenom eris clav af cerned Pot Oo ® 38, 139; narrow sp hag pea 130; silvery, 5 Ww Stenochlaena Muakseisn: 58, 59 Struthiopteris germanica, f. ” pubes- SVENS! SON, H. K. Report of the treasurer for 1935, 33 TANGER, L. A. Report of the judge of Siete 36 Tectaria Amesiana, 58, 59; cori- oe 58, 59; heracleifolia, 6, 59; minim Tennessee, hart’s-tongue in, 113 Thelypteris, 20, 60, 62; arguta, oniana, opteris, 96; ” fragrans Hookeriana, 62; Guidiann, 63; AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL macilenta, 43, 50; oye ge 61, suaveolens, 95, var. 95, var. Sabeadian: 95; pana- mensis, 40, 50; spinulosa, 66, i var. con- See ‘aise Tracy, H. H. Brief notes California pterido- Prhehotnanes Krau sii, 59; lin latum, 57, 59 Pataca, "44, 50, 141, in Mississippi 141 Triodia elongat . Tryon, R. M. Botrychium dissec- tare and forma obliquum, 26 Vaccinium nia aay 138 Vittaria lineata, 2, 59 : WEATHERBY, C. A. A list of varie- ties and forms of the ferns of eastern North America, 11, 60, 94, 130 WHERRY, E. T. Fer n field notes for: 1936, 127; WHITNEY, . 938° Wier, F. A. Ferns of nort n ed ern Unit ns (review), WooDRUFF, H. oil acidity at at the roots of ro Ten BE ip i rage LPighiaet ella Cas oodsia ina, ; gla ’ li, ii: lvensis, 11, 127, 128, var. \cilis, obtusa, 11, 1 138, 139, f. angusta, 11, var. angusta, 11, var. Darlingtonii, Woodsia, rusty, 100 Woodwardia Chamissoi, 91 ERRATA Page 16,line 4, for o., read s. g Page 73, line 10, for beater! read wall-rue Page 95,line 2, for B,r Page 97, line 25, for sace, site 1803 Page 102, line 11, for e, read y THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB Including Bulletin, Memoirs, and Torreya, $5.00 a year CATIONS UBLIC. ulletin. Monthly, exeeet J uly, sir ay and:S Spray ae lished 1870. Price a .0 8 ages ingle numbers 75 cents. former volumes, only can ie gd api st outset eae seripts intended fox: cubiecbon in the should be ad- dressed to M. A. 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