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American #ern Journal

Published by the

AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY

EDITORS
Cc. A. WEATHERBY
R. C. BENEDICT W. R. MAXON

VOLUME XXVII~ 2%
L937 ~ ia
(qigu— 14 7”
ne
|

o
JUL 17 1949 oe

CONTENTS
VOLUME 27, NuMBER 1, Paces 1-40, Issurp Marcu 27, 1937
Southern Occurrences of Dryopteris Clintoniana.
Edgar T. Wherry 1
ll in a Day’s Trip—Tennessee D. R. Bartoo 6
me Notes III. Ferns and Fern Allies of ne canarias
Peninsula, Michigan . Farwell 11
List of Varieties and Forms of Ferns of sep North
Am

(cont.) C. A. Weatherby .
A Fern Collector ’s Notes C. L. Gruber
Shorter Notes “
American Fern Society 32

VOLUME 27, NuMBER 2, Paces 41-72, IssurepD JuNE 4, 1937
Philip Dowell R. C. Benedict 41
Arizona Ferns Collected in Mexico Jack age aaa 43
List of Varieties and evel of Ferns of Eastern Nor

America (conclu CA; 2 A oi
A Hybrid-fern Name eee Some New. Comitiations

dga

rT. Wherry 56

Ferns of the Hot Springs National Park............. Francis J. Scully 59
Recent Fern Literature 62
Shorter Notes

66
American Fern Society 69

VOLUME 27, NUMBER 3, Paces 73-108, sie JULY 1, 1937
e M. Shaver 73
1

Vacationing Among Tennessee Ferns

Hardin County, Kentueky...................... ek K. Holbert 9
A Further Note om Sal vimian ccc C. A. Weatherby 98
Shorter Not 103

108

otes
American Fern Society

VOLUME 27, NUMBER 4, Paces 109-144, Issurp Jan. 3, 1938

Notes on American Ferns—X XI William Rk. Maxon 109
Notes on Idaho Ferns.............. Clair L. Worley and Louis K. Mann 112
Louis C. eeler 120

Notes on California tem FC a aes
f Iowa—I A. S§. Lyness 132

Keys to the Ferns o

Recent Fern Literature 185
Shorter Notes 136

merican Fern Society 138
Index to Volume 27. wince, LEO

Vol. 27 January-March, 1937 No. 1 of.

American Fern Journal

A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO FERNS i
Published by the

AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY

DO i eu ire oS : £r.. i 2 oe -

southern n at A/T Y
: Be Wuerry a
“ai in a Day's Trip— Tennessee .o----—-—--—-D. :

The American Fern Society

Counril for 1937
OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR

Epear T. WHERRY, University of Pennsylvania, he wees wo Pa.
President

Mrs. Cartorra C. Hat, Berkeley, Cal. Fite srcaeet

Mrs. Etsiz Gisson WHITNEY, New York State. Museum, Albany,
2 nach” ein ace tie hammers eres tia hee hens etapa ony een TE ne a eine ‘Secretary

Henry K. SvENsON, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Treasurer

Miss Hestzr M. Rusk, Brooklyn Botanie Garden, Brooklyn, N. Y-
rarian

OFFICIAL ORGAN
American Fern Journal
EDITORS

C. A. WEATHERBY on» 27 Raymond St., Cambridge, Mass.
R. C. BENEDICT ........... . 1819 Dorchester Road, Brooklyn, N. Y.
W. B. Maxon a Soe _. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C.

An illustrated quarterly devoted to the general study of ferns.

ces oe $1.25 per year, foreign, 10 cents extra; sent free
the AMERICAN FERN ves (annual dues,

E. ints, if ondored in

Ampriran # print SJournal

Vou. 27 pe aa ee 1937 No. i

Southern Occurrences of Dryopteris Clintoniana
Epaar T. WHERRY'*

On June 1, 1927, Mr. Harry W. Trudell and the writer,
out on a camping trip, stopped to shave at a limpid,
purling brook in the woods 14 miles east of Forney,
Cherokee County, Alabama. Most unexpectedly we
found that just back of the spot we had selected there
was growing a Dryopteris of the general aspect of D. clin-
toniana, though differing from the more northern mate-
rial of this fern in certain respects. The photograph
of it taken at the time is here reproduced in Plate one;
plants growing near-by in more open situations showed
more erect fronds.

Subsequent herbarium study showed that a similar
plant had already been collected in the state: it was dis-
covered about 1895 by the late Professor S. M. Tracy, in
a needle-palm swamp said to be 4 miles south of Auburn
in Lee County, and was referred by Mohr’? to D. floridana;
from this it differs, however, in numerous respects,
notably in having the frond widest well below the middle,
without any conspicuous, sudden change in degree of
cutting where sterile pinnae give way to fertile ones, and
in having the lower pinnae acuminate with a sharp tip

1 Contribution from the Botanical Laboratory and Morris Arbo-
retum of the University of Pennsylvania.

2 Plant Life of Alabama: 317. 1901.

[Volume 26, No. 4 of the JourNaL, pages 113-148, plates 12-15,
was issued Dec. 16, 1936.]

1

Z AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

and the marginal teeth sharp-pointed. I have been un-
able to relocate this colony, but collections made there by
Pollard and Maxon in 1900 are widely distributed in
herbaria. More recently, ferns of more or less the same
features have been found in Arkansas, Louisiana, and
North Carolina.

At intervals during the subsequent ten years I have
repeatedly tried to find some feature which would sepa-
rate this fern sharply from Dryopteris clintoniana, but
have never succeeded. Only varietal status seems pos-
sible for it, as follows:

Dryopteris clintoniana (Eaton) Dowell, var. australis,
var. nov. <A varietate boreali differt soris plusminusve
medialibus. Differing from the northern plant in having
the sori more or less medial, instead of rather near the
midvein. Sometimes, tho ugh by no means consistently,
tending to develop fertile pinnae only above the middle of
the blade, and sinuses in the upper ones nearly as wide

as the adjacent segments; the northern variety often
showing fertile pinnae near the blade-base, and sinuses at
most 4 as wide as segments.
ype in herbarium Academy Natural Sciences Phila-
delphia, collected by Edgar T. Wherry July 15, 1932, i
humus-rich subacid woodland soil 14 tae east of Boe.
ney, Cherokee Co., Alabam

The northern 1 plant which now requires a varietal
name, may beco

Dryopteris died ondond Sean Dowell, var. genuina,
nomen novum.

Records of the southern variety known to date are:

AuABAMA.—The plants of both colonies above referred
to show marked variation in rhizome scales, from pale
brown and dull to nearly as dark brown and lustrous
as in D. goldiana; the specimen selected as type exhibits
the latter extreme, but a cotype sheet, bringing out the
rootstock features (with attached sterile fronds), has

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VOLUME 27, PLATE 1

at tg

DRYOPTERIS CLINTONIANA VAR, AUSTRALIS AT ForRNEY, ALA,

4 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

pale scales. Pinnae may li close together, as in the
frond shown at the right of Plate 1, or again may be
spaced as widely as is normal in var. genuina. The
sinuses between fertile segments are usually very narrow,
as in the frond pictured, and also the type specimen, but
on oceasional vigorous plants may be wider.

ARKANSAS.—Specimens from rocky woods just north
of Shirley, Van Buren Co., have been distributed by the
discoverer, E. J. Palmer, and also by Demaree and Moore.
Some of these have much the aspect of the Alabama mate-
rial, and.the sori lie well out, being at least medial or
even slightly supra-medial. Here too the scales vary
from the pale brown of D. clintoniana to the dark and
shining ones. of D. goldiana. The latter is approached
also in one other respect—the basal pinnae may have
their lowermost segments shortened, so that their outline
is somewhat lanceolate. Sinuses between lobes vary
from narrow to wide, the fronds in extreme cases becom-
ing bipinnate.

Lovistana.—Early in 1936 Dr. Clair A. Brown dis-
covered a colony 6 miles southeast of Baton Rouge, which
I visited in September. Here the plants approach var.
genuina in having sori beginning to appear not far above
the base of the blade, and oceupying a slightly infra-
medial position, The sinuses between fertile lobes show,
however, a marked tendeney to widen, so the oceurrence
is classed as var. australis.

NortH CaroLina.—Material collected by Rev. Fred W.
Gray 9 miles north of Charlotte, Mecklenburg Co., has
been figured by Blomquist.* This shows an approach to
D. floridana in elliptie frond-outline, the lower 4 pairs
of pinnae being progressively shortened, but is clin-
toniana in every other respect. In the narrow sinuses

3 Ferns of N. C.: 65. 1934.

DRYOPTERIS CLINTONIANA 5

between fertile lobes it is like var. genuina, but the medial
sori shown in the figure cited place it in var. australis.
Variation occurs in the latter feature, however, for in
fronds recently sent by Mr. Gray to the Philadelphia
Academy the sori are distinctly infra-medial.

Two possible explanations of the remarkable variability
shown by the plants under discussion suggest themselves.
One is that they represent the result of hybridization
between several species: The occasional dark scales and
lanceolate basal pinnae would indicate D. goldiana to
have been one of these. Tendencies toward basally nar-
rowed blade, development of fertile pinnae only ter-
minally, and widening of sinuses between fertile seg-
ments all point to D. floridana having been another.
Movement of the sori out from the midvein suggests the
entry into the complex of D. marginalis. Finally, the
outlines and cutting of the pinnae correspond most often
to D. clintoniana genuina.

The alternative explanation, which is favored here, is
that we are dealing with a stock which has already given
rise to several descendants, and is still undergoing evolu-
tion. D. clintoniana genuina and D. goldiana represent,
then, offshoots which migrated northeastward, while
D. floridana is one which moved coastward. In these,
features which appear in the ancestral stock as mere
uncorrelated tendencies became so definitely combined
and stabilized that we can recognize one distinct variety
and two independent species.

PHILADELPHIA, Pa.

4 Although full discussion of more northern variants is beyond
the scope of the present article, record should be made of the fact
that material of D. clintoniana from as far north as Dauphin and
Berks counties, Pennsylvania, shows an approach to var. australis
in sorus-position. On the other hand, var. genuina is known down
to Dade Co., Georgia (Pyron and MeVaugh, 1936).

6 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Allin a Day’s Trip—Tennessee’
D. R. Bartoo

We began our study five miles east of Monterey, just
off U. S. highway 70. Here on the Cumberland Plateau
(elevation 2,000 feet) in a small swampy area and asso-
ciated with Sagittaria and Sphagnum, we observed
Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis, Osmunda cinnamomea
and Woodwardia areolata; the latter growing in great
abundance. Near the margin of the swamp which was
rather densely shaded by oaks, tulip poplars, and maples
were numerous plants of Thelypteris noveboracensis.

As we continued our journey eastward, we halted
some four miles nearer Monterey to note the several
rather mediocre plants of Lygodium palmatum clinging
to a crevice of a northward exposure of sandstone out-
cropping. They were a contrast, indeed, to the luxuriant
growth of this fern a few miles farther east where it may
be found along the sandy banks of shaded brooks.

It was ten o’clock on July 20th before our party of
20 had reached Bee Rock, a high sandstone bluff one
mile southeast of Monterey. This vantage point gave us
a commanding view of the headwaters of the Calf-killer
River some 600 feet below. Here our study proper was
to begin. As we viewed this rugged expanse of wooded
hillsides, with here and there an outcropping of sand-
stone, little did the party realize the difficulty of the
course ahead. We would first descend rapidly from cliff
to cliff and through crevices, then a more gradual descent
would lead us down a two-mile valley westward. We
would follow the course of a small stream-bed. At the
lower end of the two-mile valley, we would cross the

1 Read before the Botany Section of the Tennessee Academy of
Seience November 29, 1935.

A Day’s Trip—TENNESSEE 7

main valley of Stamp’s Hollow and follow up a south-
west branch for about two miles to the head, where the
water flows from a cave in the mountain side and falls
to a depth of 151 feet. This falls area (known locally
as the cave falls) offers one of the most interesting studies
that I have ever known. This was to constitute the
climax of our work for the day.

As we descended from Bee Rock, we observed fine
plants of Asplenium montanum growing from the
crevices of the weathered sandstone cliffs above us. Just
below the bluff in the soil of the upper wooded area a
few plants of Pteridium latiusculum, var. pseudocauda-
tum, Pellaea atropurpurea and Dennstaedtia punctilo-
bula were seen. Then as we descended into the deeper,
richer woodland, we saw Polystichum acrostichoides,
Asplenium platyneuron and Botrychium virginanum,
none of which were in great abundance. Polypodium
virginianum and Polypodium polypodioides took on
their characteristic poses atop large sandstone boulders
which almost overshadowed the stream. Thelypteris
marginalis was nearer the brook but only a few plants
were observed at this place.

Farther down and some 300 feet below Bee Rock were
Adiantum pedatum, Cystopteris fragilis and Cystopteris
bulbifera while our approach to the bottom of the valley
gave us a few plants of Thelypteris spinulosa var. inter-
media. In the higher altitudes of this valley the pre-
dominating trees were oaks, but as we approached the
lower levels, the beeches and tulip poplars became as
abundant as the oaks.

We now followed up the cave-falls branch of Stamp’s
Hollow. The ascent was gradual and we kept close to
the stream-bed. The narrow flood plain (a few feet in
width) was densely wooded while steep wooded slopes

on either side aided in maintaining a constantly high _ :

8 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

humidity. The predominating trees were oaks with
sprinklings of tulip poplars, beeches, and maples. It
was upon these wooded slopes and plains that we found
Athyrium angustifolium, Athyrium asplenioides and
Thelypteris spinulosa var. intermedia at their best. Two
or three plants of Botrychium dissectum var. obliquum

were also observed. Near-by were a few small plants of
— Onoclea sensibilis and Thelypteris Goldiana. Thelyp-
teris hexagonoptera was in abundance in areas which
were less densely wooded, while here and there Asple-
nium resiliens greeted our eyes. The valley had now be-
come narrowed to a V-shape with no flood plain. Camp-
tosorus rhizophyllus covered huge sandstone boulders
which had fallen down to block the stream’s course.

We were now approaching the falls area and the
temperature had suddenly dropped. The valley had
suddenly widened to some 200 feet, and we became con-
scious of the fact that we were descending instead of
ascending. About 200 feet before us was a semicircular
precipice of solid rock rising to a height of 151 feet
which terminated the upper limit of our valley. This
falls area consists of a plain plot of ground about 200
feet square which slopes rather abruptly towards the
precipice. The whole area receives a cool mist from the
alls as the water streaks down through the central
portion of the precipice and disappears into the sink
beneath. Readings on two different dates at three differ-
ent stations showed the temperature to be almost con-
stant at 71 degrees Fahrenheit. These readings were
taken in the summer time when the roadside tempera-
tures were 75 and 96 degrees Fahrenheit. This con-
stantly low temperature, no doubt, is due to the fact
that water flowing from the cave above had an almost
constant temperature of 61 degrees (Summer). The soil
underneath is a black, rich leafmold, the result of ages

A Day’s Trrrp—TENNESSEE 9

of decay of accumulated leaves and wood which have
fallen to the depths from above. It is very pliable to a
depth of six inches or more and is constantly wet. The
few trees within the area consist of birches, hickories
and tulip poplars. None of them are large.

It was in this rather invariable environment that the
following ferns seemed at their best: Thelypteris Gold-
tana, comprising more than 100 large thrifty plants;
Thelypteris spinulosa var. intermedia, by the scores; and
Cystopteris bulbifera hanging from the limestone layers
of the rocky wall near the waterfalls. Cystopteris fragilis
and Thelypteris marginalis were abundant near the mar-
gin of the falls area.

No less luxuriant are the mosses of this area. Decay-
ing logs are completely covered with thick mats of moss
through which ferns are growing. Boulders and rocks,
except those directly underneath the falls, are hidden
beneath a complex of fern-moss vegetation.

Upon our return we followed down Stamp’s Hollow
a distance’of some four miles. About three miles from
the falls we observed Woodsia obtusa and Pellaea
atropurpurea growing in abundance on exposed lime-
Stone cliffs in sunny situations.

It is interesting to note that this six or seven mile trip
included an observation of 30 of the 31 ferns previously
found in Putnam County. Asplenium cryptolepis had
previously been observed about one mile southwest an
Some 400 feet above the falls area growing upon lime-
Stone bluffs. Two of the Lycopodia had also been ob-
Served about two miles southwest of the falls upon the
Cumberland Plateau. Lycopodium porophilum was in
a stream underneath a dripping waterfall while Lyco-
podium dendroideum occurs abundantly just north of
Monterey lake near the highway. The following list of
ferns in Putnam County includes Asplenium erypto-

10 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

lepis and the two Lycopodia named above, none of which
were observed on this trip.

FERNS OF PUTNAM CoUNTY—TENNESSEE
Woodsia obtusa (Sprengel) Torr.
Cystopteris bulbifera (L.) Bernh.
pcith soph noon) (L.) Bernh
Onoclea s
scutes il eabcs (L.) Nieuwland.
Thelypteris marginalis (L.) Nieuwland.
Thelypteris Goldiana (Hooker) Nieuwland.
Thelypteris spinulosa ae B Muell.) Nieuwlan

. intermedia peeien Nieuwland.

Thelypteris pa eee (Michx.) Weatherby.
ae acrostichoides as ) Schott.
De ti U

Athyrium asplenioides (Michx.) Desv.

Camptosorus rhizophyllus (L.) Link

Asplenium Trichomanes L.
Asplenium resiliens Kze.

Asplenium platyneuron (L.) Oakes,

Aspl Wi

Pied atropurpurea ee
Adiantum pedatum
Polypodium virginian
Polypodium po Ll (L.) babs
Pteridium latiusculum C —— Hiero:
gaedocaudatun (Clute) Maxon.
Lygodium palmatum Glaus ) Swa
pire regalis L. var. stevie: ee Gray.
munda cinnamomea L.
Babak dissectuwm Spreng. var. obliquum (Muhl.) Clute.
Botrychium virginianum (L.) Swartz.
Lycopodium porophilum ctr he and Underwood.
’ Lycopodium dendroideum Michx.

TENNESSEE PoLyTEcHNIC INsTITUTE,
CooKEVILLE, TENN. a

ee ee
eS see R Se ee ta ee fe

FERNS OF THE KEWEENAW PENINSULA 11

Fern Notes III. Ferns and Fern Allies of the
Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan
Ouiver A. FarweE.u, Sc.D.

I believe a list of these plants for this region has never
been compiled. I give one herewith which is as complete
as I can make it. Of the ferns there are 3 families, 18
genera and 70 species and their subdivisions; of the fern
allies, 3 families, 4 genera and 65 species and their sub-
divisions. All except one or two have been found in
Keweenaw County and were collected chiefly at or near
the old Cliff Mine location, in the old township of Clifton.
All are probably common to Keweenaw, Houghton and
Baraga counties, which comprise the Peninsula.

As originally submitted, this paper contained some
generic names that have been outlawed by recent Interna-
tional Congresses. As I have not the proceedings and
no list of conserved names, Mr. C. A. Weatherby kindly
consented to re-edit these parts and bring the nomen-
clature into accordance with the rules. I am under
deep obligations to him and wish to express my heart-
felt appreciation of his kindness and invaluable assis-
tance, not only as to nomenclatural matters, but also in
regard to Latin diagnoses, which I had failed to provide.

POLYPODIACEAE
Potypopium Linn. Polypody
P. vunearr Linn., var. virgiINIaNuM (Linn.) Eaton.
This fern is very pinndant amongst the greenstone trap
Tocks at the base of the Mineral Range. The fronds are
used as a medicine.

PHEGOPTERIS (Presl) Fée (1850-1852). (Gymnocarpium
Newm. (1851)). Beech Fern. Oak Fern

I do not know which name has actual priority, so I use ae

12 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

the old familiar Phegopteris; anes because ‘£1850’ o
**1850-1852’’ antedates ‘1851.’

P. ponypopiowres Fée. (G. Phegopteris (Linn.)
Newm. )

P, HEXAGONOPTERA (Michx.) Fée.

P. DryoptTeris (Linn.) Fée. (G. Dryopteris (Linn.)
Newm. )

Aprantum Linn. Maidenhair Fern

A. PEDATUM Linn., var. ALEUTICUM Rupr. I have not
seen the typical form of the species from the Keweenaw
Peninsula.

Var. tripartitum, n. var., frondibus aequaliter ternatis.
The frond is composed of three equal divisions at the apex
of the stipe, 2.e., is ternate instead of the usual dichotomy.
Found at Hazel, Houghton Co., Oct. 7, 1934, no. 10612.

Preripium Gleditsch ex Seopoli; Kuhn.
Bracken ; Brake

P. aguininum (Linn.) Kuhn, var. LANUGINOSUM
(Bong.) Fern. Low plants under three feet in height are
usually ternate and are found on more or less dry, sterile
hills, ete. In low, more or less moist and rich ground the
plants are pinnate; the lower pinnae are stalked, the
stalk being less than half the length of the internode
above ; these stalks are gradually reduced until the upper
pinnae are sessile. Such plants often reach a length of
12 or more feet.

Peuuaks Link. Cliff Brake
P. ATROPURPUREA (Linn.) Link. Dr. Fernald collected
this on West Bluff in
[P. cuaBetua Mett. Dr. Fernald is uncertain it the
collection at Norway, Dickinson Co., belongs here or to
P. atropurpurea. Specimens of this collection by C. F.
Wheeler in Aug., 1892, are in the herbaria of the Uni-

FERNS OF THE KEWEENAW PENINSULA 13

versity of Michigan, Michigan State College and of O. A.
Farwell. They are P. glabella.]

AspLeNtuM Linn. Spleenwort

A. TricHoMANEs Linn.

A. MONTANUM Willd.

A. Rura-mMurariA Linn.

The last two species I found mixed in with an old col-
lection of Woodsia ilvensis, not knowing at the time that
I was getting other than the Woodsia. I have not found
them since.

AtTHyYrRiuM Roth. Female Fern. Lady Fern
A. Finix-remina (Linn.) Roth. The typical form is not
found here. The following varieties occur :
var. COMMUNE (D. C. :
var. MicHauxi (Spkeng 8. H. Burnhiae (Athyrium
angustum {Willd.] Presl).
subvar. ELATIUS (Link) O. A. F.
var. DENTATUM Doell. (A. angustum, var. laurenti-
anum Butters). The pinnules of this are oblong, broadly
obtuse and crenate-serrate.
var. MULTIDENTATUM Doell.
var. SITCHENSE Rupr. This is another far western
plant found in the Lake Superior district. In the last
three varieties the rhizome is erect while in the others it
is horizontal.

Camprosorus Link. Walking Fern
C. RHIZopHYLLUs (Linn.) Link.

PotysticHuM Roth
P. acrosticHores (Michx.) Schott. Christmas Fern.
P. Loncurrts (Linn.) Roth.
P. acungatum (Linn.) Schott, var. BRAUNI (Spenn.)
Davenp., subvar. Purshii (Fern.), n. comb. (P. Brawnti,
var. Purshii Fern.).

14 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Dryopreris Adans. Shield Fern

D. Finrx-mas (Linn.) Schott. The rhizome and stipe-
bases are an as a medicine and are official in the U. S.
Pharmacopoe

D. FRAGRANS sagen) Schott, var. HooKerRtANA (Fern. )
A. R. Prince.

D. Gotprana (Hook.) A. Gray.

D. Boorrn (Tuckerm.) Underw.

D. cristata (Linn.) A. Gray.

D. sprinuLosa (O. F. Muell.) Ktze.

var. AMERICANA (Fisch.) Fern.
‘¢ INTERMEDIA (Muhl.) Underw.

Cysropreris Bernh. Bladder Fern
C. Finrx-rraciuis (Linn.) Chiovenda.
var. Mackayii (Lawson), n. comb. (C. fragilis,
var. Mackayuw Lawson, Fern Fl. Canad. 233.
1889).
var. ANGUSTATA (Hoffm.) O. A. F.
var. LOBULATO-DENTATA (Koch) O. A. F.

Woopsta R. Br.

W. ttvensis (Linn.) R. Br. This is very abundant
amongst the greenstone trap rocks.

W. Aupina (Bolton) 8. F. Gray. In Rhodora 37: 219
(1935) Dr. Fernald remarks that he does not know if his
Eagle Harbor station for this species is identical with
mine or not. It is not; my station was in similar situa-
tions but about 10 or 12 miles to the southwest on the
Manhattan Bluff.

W. oprusa (Spreng.) Torr.

W. oreaana D. C. E. West Bluff. Dr. Fernald
;;

DENNSTAEDTIA Bernh.
D. punctrLoBuLA (Michx.) Moore.

FERNS OF THE KEWEENAW PENINSULA A,

OnocueA Linn. Sensitive Fern
O. SENSIBILIS Linn.

Preretis Raf. Ostrich Fern

P. Strutuiopteris (Linn.) Nieuwl., var. PENSYLVANICA
(Willd.) O. A. F

subvar. foliacea, n. subvar., lamina superne fertili,
inferne sterili. The fertile frond in its lower parts is
a normal sterile frond, thence gradually passing into the
normal fertile frond, which gives some pinnae sterile
below and fertile above and others sterile above and be-
low and fertile in the middle; the fertile parts are of the
normal character. Lake Linden, Houghton County,
July 19, 1934, no. 10072.

subvar. obtusilobata (Clute), n. comb. (Onoclea
Struthiopteris, f. obtusilobata Clute, Fern Bull. 18: 111.
1910).

subvar. pubescens (Terry), n. comb. (Struthiopteris
germanica f. pubescens Terry, Fern Bull. 16: 5 and 49.
1908).

OSMUNDACEAE
OsmuNDA Linn.
O. ciynaMomeEa Linn. Cinnamon Fern.
O. Cuayrontana Linn.
O. REGALIs Linn., var. specTaBILIS (Willd.) A. Gray.
Royal or Flowering Fern. The rhizomes are used as a
Substitute for the official Male Fern.

OPHIOGLOSSACEAE
O. vunearum Linn., with the vars. minus Moore and
PSEUDOPopUM (S. F. Blake) O. A. F

Botrycuium Swartz. Grape Fern —
B. Lanceouatum (Gmel.) Angstr. and var. ANGUSTI-
SEGMENTUM Pease & Moore.

16 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

B. Lunaria (Linn.) Swz., Moonwort, and var. ONON-
DAGENSE (Underw.) Clute.

B. MATRICARIAEFOLIUM A. Br. The following variants
occur: var. composiruM Milde; var. PALMATUM Milde;
var. RHOMBEUM (Angstr.) O. A. F., and f. GRACILE
(House) Weatherby.

B. mMuLtTiripuM (Gmel.) Rupr. (B. Matricariae
Spreng.). The following varieties occur: var. DICHO-
tomuM O. A. F.; var. Habereri (Gilbert), n. comb. (B.
obliquum, var. Retires pees Fern Bull. 11: 88.
1903) ; var. INTERMEDIUM (D. C. E.) O. A. F.; var.
ONEIDENSE (Gilbert) O. A. F.

B. stmputex E. Hiteche. The following varieties have
been found: var. ANcustuM Milde (B. tenebrosum A. A.
K.); var. FALLAX Milde; var. stmpLicissrmum (Lasch)
Milde; var. suscomposituM (Lasch) Milde.

B. VIRGINIANUM (Linn.) Swz., with var. GRACILE
(Pursh) D. C. E

EQUISETACEAE
Equisetum Linn. Horsetail

E. aRVENSE Linn. Used as a medicine. The follow-
ing varieties occur: var. BOREALE Bong.; var. CAMPESTRE
Schultz; var. DEcUMBENS Meyer; var. NEMOROSUM A.
Br.; var. proliferum (Luerss.), n. comb. (E. arvense,
monstr. proliferwm Luerss. Farnpflanz. 701. 1889) ;
var. RIPARIUM Milde.

E. FLuviaTILE Linn., with the following varieties: var.
LINNAEANUM (Doell) A. A. E.; var. PoLystacHyUM
(Bruckn.) A. A. E.; var. uLiginosum (Muhl.) A. A. E.;
var. verticillatum (Doell), n. comb. (EZ. limosum, f
verticilatum Doell, Fl. Baden 1: 64. 1857

E. tirorate Kuehl.

E. PALUSTRE Linn., with var. NANUM Milde.

KE. PRATENSE Ehrh.

FERNS OF THE KEWEENAW PENINSULA 17

E. syivaticum Linn.

E. teLMaTerA Ehrh. This species was included under
one name or another in the early editions of Gray’s Man-
ual, but excluded from the last two editions. I found it
many years ago on the Keweenaw Peninsula and so re-
ported it. I have not been to the station since and do
not know if it is still there. ;

HiprocHaretTe Milde. Scouring Rush
H. HyemMAuIs (Linn.) O. A. F., var. sesupr (A. A. E.)

H. uarvieata (A. Br.) O. A. F.
var. caespitosa (A. A. E.), n. comb. (ELquisetum
laevigatum f. caespitosum A. A. E. Fern Bull. 11: 43.
1903).
var. ramosa (A. A. E.), n. comb. (Lquisetum
laevigatum var. ramosum A. A. E. 1. ¢
var. variegatoides (A. A. E.), n. coms (nyuseetin.
laevigatum var. variegatoides A. A. E. 1. ¢.).
var. Karon O. A. F.
var. caespitica, n. var., var. caespitosae similis caulibus
autem scabris ut in var. Eaton. Like var. caespitosa,
but the stems are rough as in var. Eatonii.
H. PREALTA (Raf.) O. A. F. Used as a medicine.
subvar. neopolystachya, n. subvar., nodis superiori-
bus ramos fructiferos gerentibus. The fertile stem nor-
mally bears slender, fertile branches from the upper
nodes. Clifton, Aug. 29, 1887, no. 572.
var. PSEUDOHYEMALIS O. A. F.
subvar. polystachya (Prager), n. comb. (Hqut-
setum hyemale var. affine f. polystachyum Prager ex A.
A. E. Fern Bull. 11: 112. 1903).
' var. SCABRELLA (Engelm.) O. A. F.
H. scrrpores (Michx.) O. A. F.
H. vartecatum (Schleich.) O. A. F.

18 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

LYCOPODIACEAE
Lycoroprum Linn. Club Moss, Ground Pine,
Christmas Greens

L. ANNoTINUM Linn.

L. cuavatum Linn. The spores are medicinal, consti-
tute Vegetable Sulphur and are official in the U. 8.
Pharmacopoeia under the name Lycopodium. They are
used also for flash light to produce stage effects, ete.

var. BREVISPICATUM Peck.
var. MEGASTACHYON Fern. & Biss.
subvar. trilobum, n. subvar., spica apice trilobata
vel tripartita. The summit of the spike is three-lobed
or three-parted. Lake Linden, Oct. 11, 1934, no, 10629.
L. COMPLANATUM Linn,
var, FLABELLIFORME Fern.
subvar. foliaceum, n. subvar., pedunculi ramo
frondem sterilem tridichotomum gerente. One branch
of the pedunele bears a sterile frond three times dichot-
omously divided instead of the usual spikes. Lake
Linden, Nov. 8, 1934, no. 10668.
var. WIBBEI Haberer.
var. CHAMAECYPARISsUS (A. Br.) Milde (ZL. tris-
tachyum Pursh).
var. FLABELLATUM Doell. In this the branches are
verticillate ; the verticils are some distance apart and are
arranged around the stem in the form of funnels. It
bears the same relation to the preceding variety as var.
flabelliforme does to the specific type.
subvar. proliferum, n. subvar., rachibus spicarum
in frondes steriles productis. Axes of the spikes pro-
longed as sterile fronds. Lake Linden, Oct. 4, 1914, no.
3912.

var. SHARONENSE (8. F. Blake) O. A. F.
var. ALPINUM (Linn.) O. A. F.
var. SABINAEFOLIUM (Willd.) O. A. F.

FERNS OF THE KEWEENAW PENINSULA 19

L. InuNDATUM Linn.
var. BigELovi’ Tuckerm.
L. pucipuLUM Michx.
var. POROPHILUM (LL. & U.) Clute.
L. opscuruM Linn.
subvar. parvispicatum, n. subvar., spicis gracilibus,
non plus quam 3.5 em. longis. The spikes are under 1.33
inches and more slender, those of the specific type being
Stouter and over 1.5 inches. Lake Linden, Oet. 3, 1934,
no. 10599.
subvar. foliaceum, n. subvar., spicis in frondes
steriles productis. The axes of the spikes are prolonged
as Sterile fronds. Lake Linden, Oct. 14, 1934, no. 10635.
var. DENDROIDEUM (Michx.) D. C. E.
subvar. proliferum (Vict.),n. comb. (L. obscurum,
var. dendroideum, f. proliferum Viet. Contr. Lab. Bot.
Univ. Montreal 3: 32. 1925). The axes of the spikes
' are prolonged as sterile fronds.
subvar. breve, n. subvar., spicis brevioribus gracil-
ioribusque ut in subvar. parvispicato. The ‘spikes are
Shorter and more slender as in subvar. parvispicatum.
Lake Linden, Oct. 23, soe no. 10648a.
var. HYBRIDUM O. A
subvar. she an n. subvar., spicis brevibus
gracilibusque ut in subvar. parvispicato. Spikes short
and slender as in subvar. parvispicatum. Bootjack, May
27, 1934, no. 9646; Lake Linden, Oct. 3, 1934, no. 10603.
L. Seuaco Linn. In recording the Robbins collection
at the Dana Mine, Dr. Fernald puts a question mark
before ‘‘Keweenaw Co.’’ The question mark may be
omitted, as the old Dana Mine is in Keweenaw County.
It is now a part of the Central Mine; and just south of
it is Mt. Horace Greeley, 932 feet above Lake Superior,
the highest point on the Keweenaw Peninsula. The
varieties Appressum Desy. and pateNs (Beauv.) Desv.
also oceur.

20 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

SELAGINELLACEAE
SELAGINELLA Beauv.
S. rupestTRiIs (Linn.) Spring.
S. seLaGINoipdEs (Linn.) Link.
S. DENSA Rydb.
Lake LInDEN, MICHIGAN

A List of Varieties and Forms of the Ferns of
Eastern North America

C. A. WEATHERBY
(Continued from p. 136)

ASPLENIUM TRICHOMANES Linnaeus, Species Planta-
rum 1080 Se ergs merely toothed.

. Incisum (8. F. Gray) Clute, Fern Bulletin 14: 87
(1906). A. sazatile, B incisum 8S. F. Gray, Natural
Arrangement of British Plants ory 13 (1821).—Pinnae
deeply cut into narrow lobes. Brattleboro, Vermont (C.
C. Frost), the only American collection I have seen.

West-American specimens referred to this form belong
with A. vespertinum Maxon. The name incisum is

usually quoted from Moore, Nature-Printed Ferns of
Great Britain and Ireland, but, as Moore’s citations
show, really goes back to S. F. Gray.

Asplenium Trichomanes 8 delicatulum Lawson, ee
burgh New Philosophical Journal, new series, 19:
(reprint 14) (1864), described as having the ree?
‘‘much smaller, thinner and wider apart than in the nor-
mal form’’ and as being the prevailing variety in Canada,
seems to rest only on imperfectly developed plants. It is
possible that some of the forms described in Europe, such
as f. auriculatum Milde, with the pinnae lobed at the base
on the upper side, may occur in America; but I have seen
no specimens. Except for differences in size and some-

List OF VARIETIES AND ForMs a)

what in outline of the pinnae, the American specimens
are very uniform.

ASPLENIUM PLATYNEURON (Linnaeus) Oakes ex D. C.
Eaton, Ferns of North America 1: 24 (1878). Acros-
tichum p. Linnaeus, op. cit. 1069 (1753).—Pinnae oblong,
shallowly and finely toothed; sori confluent at maturity ;
no proliferous buds on the rachis or stipe.

F. proLIFERUM (D.C. Eaton) Tanger, AMERICAN FERN
JOURNAL 23: 16 (1933). A. ebeneum var. p. D. C. Eaton,
Bulletin Torrey Botanical Club 6: 307 (1879).—Pro-
liferous buds borne on the rachis or stipe at the base of
the blade.

For a detailed account of this phenomenon see M. A.
Marshall in AMERICAN FERN JouRNAL 18; 7-13 (1923).
The ‘‘form’”?’ is here included rather as a matter of record
than because of any confidence that it deserves taxonomic
recognition. Mr. F. G. Floyd, in the Fern Journau 14:
13-17 (1924) argues that the capacity for proliferation
is inherent in the species and may be exercised under cer-
tain circumstances by any individual plant. Similarly,
he says, any frond of walking fern may root at the tip,
but not all do ; yet we do not give different names to those
which do and those which do not. The argument sounds
reasonable; it suggests an inviting field for experiment
by any one who has facilities for growing plants under
different conditions and attempting to induce prolifera-
tion.

F. serrarum (E. S. Miller) R. Hoffmann, Proceedings
Boston Society of Natural History 36: 193 (1922). A.
ebeneum, var. incisum BE. C. Howe, Annual Report
Regents University of New York 22: 104 (1869). A.
ebenewm, var. serratum E. 8. Miller, Bulletin Torrey
Botanical Club 4: 41 (1873).—Pinnae rather narrow an
elongate, coarsely toothed, the teeth broad-based and
usually narrowed to a more or less pointed tip, or them-
Selves finely toothed.

22 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Present rules of nomenclature require the use of
Miller’s name in the category of form, though Howe’s
is the earlier. For the identity of Howe’s plant, see the
note by A. N. Leeds in the Fern Journat 27: 31 (1937).

F. rurcatum Clute, Fern Bulletin 17: 89 (1909).—
Blade repeatedly branched at the ti

F. Hortonar (Davenport) L. B. Smith, Rhodora 30:
14 (1928). <A. ebeneum var. H. Davenport, Rhodora 38:
1, pl. 22 (1901).—Pinnae rather broadly oblong, deeply
pinnatifid, the lobes narrow-based, often broadest toward
their obtuse tips and somewhat toothed.

One of the prettiest of our fern-forms. Although, so
far as I know, it is always sterile, it keeps the dimorphic
habit of the species, some of the fronds being long, up-
right and comparatively shallowly cut, others short, more
spreading and with very deeply lobed pinnae.

Var. BACCULUM-RUBRUM (Featherman) Fernald, Rho-
dora 38: 304 (1936). A. ebenewm var. b.-r. Feather-

man, Report of the Botanical Survey > South Central
Louisiana for 1810: 75: (1871); 4: var. euroaus-
trinum Fernald, Rhodora 37: 382, pl. "384, figs. 1 & 2
(1935) —Pinnae elongate-linear, the sori separate at
maturity —Florida and Louisiana to Kentucky and Vir-
ginia and rarely northward.

A luxuriant form, sometimes oceurring in the North,
treated by Prof. Fernald as a variety because found
mainly in the South.

ASPLENIUM CRYPTOLEPIS Fernald, Rhodora 30: 41
(1928).—Pinnules wedge-shaped or diamond-shaped,
coarsely toothed, blunt or somewhat pointed at tip.—
Vermont and Michigan to North Carolina and Tennessee.

This is the American plant previously referred to the
European A. Ruta-muraria. For a discussion of its
characters, see Fernald’s paper above cited.

List OF VARIETIES AND Forms 23

Var. onIonts Fernald, op. cit. 43 —Pinnules lanceolate,
deeply cleft, tapering to an acute tip—Known only from
Greene Co., Ohio.

ASPLENIUM SERRATUM Linnaeus, Species Plantarum
1079 (1753).—Margins of blade finely toothed.

- INcIsuM A. A. Eaton, Bulletin Torrey Botanical
Club 33: 475 (1906).—Margins of blade irregularly and
deeply cleft.

Asplenium viride var. robustum Goode, Canadian Nat-
uralist, series 2, 9: 300 (1881) is apparently founded only
on an individual with fronds somewhat larger and thicker
in texture than usual.

close to the margin; some scales of the midrib broadly
linear to lance-attenuate.—Eurasia.

Var. AMERICANA Fernald, Rhodora 37: 220 ( 1935) .—
Vein-tips a little back from the margin; scales of the mid-
vib all narrowly linear or thread-like—-New Brunswick
(probably extinet) ; New York, Ontario and Tennessee.
The characters are taken from Prof. Fernald’s discus-
Sion.

CAMPTOSORUS RHIZOPHYLLUS (Linnaeus) Link, Hortus
Regius Botanicus Berolinensis 2: 69 (1833). Aspleniwm

Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1078 ( 1753) —Blade
(excluding the long, slender tip) lanceolate with entire
margins, cordate at base, the lobes rounded.

F. ancustatus F. W. Gray, AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
14: 11, pl. 1, figs. 7 & 8 (1924).—Blade narrowly linear.

F. Boycer ©. L. Wilson, AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL 25:
18, pl. 1 (1935).—Margins cut into narrow lobes.

- AURICULATUS R. Hoffmann, Proceedings Boston
Society of Natural History 36: 195 (1922).—At least
Some fronds with basal lobes elongate, attenuate, some-
times rooting at tip. :

F, Giveaacacaoe { Acthot) Clute, Fern Bulletin poe
(1906). C.r. var. i. Arthur, Botanical Gazette 8: :
(1883).—Blade wedge-shaped and pointed at base, not -
at all cordate. | : .

24 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

An excellent series of photographs by H. HE. Ransier
illustrating variant leaf-forms in Phyllitis and Campto-
sorus may be found in the FERN JourRNAL 7: 99-104 and
8: 8-12.

Woodwardia virginica, f. thelypterioides (Pursh) Gil-
bert, List North American Pteridophytes 40 (1901), has
remained a mystery ever since Pursh published it as W.
thelypterioides in 1814. His description calls for a plant
with the bases of the pinnae and the stipe pubescent and
with triangular-acute fertile segments. So far as I am
aware, no Woodwardia answering to this description has
since been found. Hooker (Species Filicum 8: 69) said
he had the original specimens in his herbarium and that
they were merely a weak state of W. virginica; but he did
not explain the reference to pubescence. Gilbert, who
alone (except as followed by Clute) has taken up Pursh’s
name, had seen no specimens, but thought the description
indicated something which ought to be recognized. Un-
til Hooker’s material (if really the original) can be
reexamined, the name had best not be used.

W. virginica, f. fertilis Farwell, Papers Michigan
Academy of Sciences, 3: 89 (1924) rests on blades with
a few sori on their upper pinnae, otherwise sterile.

Gray HERBARIUM.
(To be continued)

A Fern Collector’s Notes
C. L. GrusBer

Although the Water Horsetail, Equisetum fluviatile L.,
is classed among the non-evergreen or deciduous species,
my observations show that the stem is not always entirely
winter-killed. Of three stations near the Sacony Creek,
just below Kutztown, Pennsylvania, two are located on
mud flats bordering swampy meadows from which prac-

FERN CoLLEcTOR’s NoTESs 20

tically all the water recedes in early spring while the
third is located between an old unused railroad embank-
ment and a public dump, in a hollow which contains
water throughout the year. At this station, on May 15,
1936, I found a number of green stumps of the stems of
the preceding year, in water about six inches deep, pro-
jecting a few inches above the water, and starting new
growth or with a few new, thrifty branches two or more
inches long. Probably these stumps had been entirely
under water during the winter. On the mud flats further
up the stream there were no such living stumps. At this
Same station I found two fine, freshly grown specimens
on October 18, 1935, with long, heavy branches like see-
ondary stems growing from near the base of the stem. At
one station on the mud flats, with hundreds of plants,
more than twenty-five per cent were fertile but at the
other two stations there were very few fertile ones.

Apparently the first growth of Equisetum arvense L.
is almost uniformly of the true arvense type; but later
growth, especially if the earlier. growth was destroyed,
abounds in E. arvense, f. pseudosilvaticum Milde.

In studying the Lady Ferns according to Butters’s
Classification, the shape of the fronds appears quite
reliable in distinguishing between Athyrium asplenioides
and Athyrium angustum, but the relative length of the
Stipes seems rather misleading, since I have specimens of
Athyrium angustum with stipes more than one half to
fully as long as the leafy portion of the frond.

In distinguishing between Woodsia obtusa and Cystop-
teris f ragilis I find the color of the stipes a reliable char-
acteristic. In Woodsia obtusa the stipes are straw-colored
or yellowish green, with perhaps some dull brown at the
base. In Cystopteris fragilis usually the entire stipe and

26 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

often the lower part of the rachis is shiny brown or black-
ish brown.

On June 10, 1936, I made a collecting trip on the north-
west slope of the South Mountains, about five miles from
Kutztown, Pa.

In an old woods trail winding up the slope of Guin-
ther’s Head I found a station of about one hundred plants
of Botrychium neglectum Wood, ranging in height from
three to twelve inches. The usual position of the sterile
portion was above the middle of the stem, but in one
specimen the sterile part was placed at the summit of the
stem, close to the fertile part, as in B. angustisegmentum.
However, the cutting of the frond and the fact that the
sterile portion was stalked proved this plant to be a speci-
men of B. neglectum.

Further up this trail I found a station of about thirty
plants of Botrychium simplex E. Hitch., ranging in
height from two to six and one half inches. The usual
position of the sterile part was about the middle of the
stem, but on one specimen the sterile part was attached
almost at the base of the stem, slightly below the surface
of the ground. In one plant the sterile part was forked;
and the sterile portion of all the fronds was of the pin-
nate or pinnatifid type with from one to four pairs of
lobes below the rounded apex.

In an open spot along this same trail I made a highly
satisfactory find—a fragrant Bracken, of the Pteridium
datiusculum type. The fragrance is as strong as that of
Dennstaedtia and is similar to it. There were two fronds,
of which I took one and left the other for future study.
A considerable amount of the fragrance is retained by
the dried specimen. The pinnules are crowded, some-
what crisped, smaller, shorter, and more rounded at the
ends than in typical P. latiusculum.

FERN CoLLECTOR’s NOTES 27

On this same date I found Dryopteris spinulosa and
Dryopteris intermedia with beautifully developed and
apparently ripe sporangia, although Gray and Britton
and Brown give July and July and August as the time
of fruiting. Possibly the fact that the black sporangia
do not change to brown till in July is the reason for this
later date. 3

On August 7, 1936, while exploring a mountain ravine
known as Smoketown Hollow, about 53 miles southeast
of Kutztown, Pennsylvania, where in places I actually
waded through ferns of several species, among which was
Athyrium thelypteroides (Michx.) Desv., I came across
Some clumps of fronds which apparently also were Sil-
very Spleenworts yet looked decidedly different. After
taking them home and studying them carefully, I found
I had collected good Athyrium thelypteroides f. acros-
tichoides (Swartz) Gilbert and one plant proved to be an
excellent specimen of Asplenium thelypteroides serratum
Lawson, the deeply serrate extreme of Athyrium thelyp-
teroides f. acrostichoides to which it seems no distinctive
name has yet been applied to fit the revision of the species.
For my own use on my herbarium label I am calling it
Athyrium thelypteroides f. serratum (Lawson).' In my
Specimens of f. acrostichoides the stipe and the greater
Part of the rachis were tinged with deep dull red. ©

Shorter Notes

A FruRTHER Nore on ‘‘PoLtypopiuM FILIX-FRAGILE. "’—
As a foot-note to Dr. Merrill’s article ‘‘Cystopteris fra-
gilis or C, Filix-fragilis?’’ (in this JourNAL, 25: 127-
131. 1935), it may now be stated that there is direct

‘ ATHYRIUM THELYPTERODES (Michx.) Desv., f. serratum (Law-
oon), n. comb. A. thelypteroides B serratum Lawson, Edinb. New
Phil. Journ, ser, 2,7: 115 (1864).

28 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

evidence that the ‘‘F’. fragile’’ of the first edition of the
Species Plantarum was an error which Linnaeus intended
to correct. When I discussed the matter (Rhodora, 28:
130-131. 1926) I did not know that there existed two
interleaved copies of the first edition in which Linnaeus
entered corrections and additions to be used in the second
edition ; but they do exist and are preserved in the library
of the Linnean Society of London. Mr. Savage, As-
sistant Secretary of the Society, who has very kindly
looked them up for me, reports that in one of them Lin-
naeus has crossed out the ‘‘F’’. Mr. Savage further
states that in the original manuscript of the Species
Plantarum the initial letters of generic names appeared
in the margin before the specific epithets and that in
this ease the printer, having just set up ‘‘F. mas’’ and
‘*’, femina’’ on the ape: page, may have mistaken

a ‘‘P’’ before ‘‘fragile’’ for an ‘‘F’’

Dr. Farwell, in a letter to me, unions that under pres-
ent rules of nomenclature Linnaeus had no right to make
any change—‘‘F’. fragile’’ got printed and must stand.
This would be correct if Linnaeus had substituted an
entirely new name, as he did in the case of Oenothera
perennis and Oe. pumila. But the correction of an inad-
vertent error, such as this seems certainly to be, is quite
another matter; as I read the rules, they set no limit, of
time or otherwise, to such correction.—C. A. WEATHERBY,
Gray Herbarium.

Aw Unuvsvuat Botrycutum Stration.—Botrychiwm ob-
liquum, Botrychium dissectum,: and their varieties and
forms appear to prefer an old unused woods road and its

1In this sketch I am using Mr. E. W. Graves’s nomenclature,
particularly because the naming of several varieties by him follows
his treatment of the obliquwm and dissectum types of Botrychiwm
as separate species.

SHortTER Notes 29

Vicinity for a habitat. Fully half of the stations I have
found are in and along old, rarely used woods roads,
trails, or paths. Possibly the fact that in such locations
a little more sunlight filters through the woodland cover
makes them an acceptable habitat. Possibly also more
moisture is conserved in and along these trails, most of
them being slightly hollowed or having slight elevations
along the sides which prevent the water of rains from
being rapidly drained away.

In such a location is one of my most interesting Bo-
trychium stations—interesting, first, because it has fur-
nished me during 1935 and 1936 with three Botrychium
varieties I had never before seen and, second, because of
the unusual Botrychium associations found there.

Umbrella Hill lifts its conical outline about two miles
west of the borough of Kutztown, Berks County, Pa. A
field’s breadth toward the southwest from this hill, a
stony, wooded hillside, facing north, changes into a
gentler slope near its base. Through this lower part, a
trail used years ago as a wagon road through the woods,
more or less easily discernible for seven or eight hundred
feet, extends westwardly along the slope not far from
the lower border of the woods. In and along this trail
my Botrychiums grow, not so much in profusion as in
remarkable variety. There are probably not more than
fifty plants in the entire area, of which only a small
number are of the multifidum varieties.

Near the eastern border of the woodland there are a
few plants of B. dissectum Spreng., a few more of typical
B. obliquum Muhl., one of B. obliquum elongatum Gil-
bert & Haberer [B. dissectum f. elongatum (Gilbert &
Haberer) Weatherby], and one small plant that appears
to be B. multifidum oneidense (Gilbert) Farwell. Far-
ther out along the trail there are a few plants of B. dis-
Sectum and a larger number of B. obliquum. A short

30 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

distance beyond these, growing within fifty feet of each
other, I found B. obliquum oblongifolium Graves, B. mul-
tifidum oneidense (Gilbert) Farwell, and two forms of
B. multifidum intermedium (D.C. Eaton) Farwell. One
of these, a beautiful spreading specimen, has the wide
sinuses and oval segments as described by Graves (FERN
JOURNAL 25: 4, 113). The other, a sturdier, erect, more
compact plant, has the ultimate segments ovate as char-
acterized by Weatherby (FERN JouRNAL 25: 3, 95).
Both of them have the broadly triangular, blunt terminal
segments. The multifidum varieties stood Graves’s test
of being green in winter while the obliquums and dis-
sectums were bronzed.

B. obliquum oblongifolium was identified for me by
Mr. Graves shortly before his death. This find extends
its range into Pennsylvania. It had previously been
reported only from Indiana and Iowa.

To make the obliquum-dissectum-multifidum family
circle complete, as far as the specimens I have collected
are concerned, I should have found there also B. obliquum
pennsylvanicum Graves, but I failed to discover it at
that place. In 1935, however, I found several specimens
of the variety pennsylvanicum at stations nearer Kutz-
town. My pennsylvanicums also were identified for me
by Mr. Graves.

Six species and varieties of Botrychium, growing in a
comparatively small area, with the usual pairs (obliquum,
dissectum ; oneidense, intermedium) growing, here sepa-
rately, there intermingled, present what is probably quite
an unusual situation—C. L. Gruser, Kutztown, Pa.

As To ‘‘ASPLENIUM EBENEUM VAR. HORTONAE.’’—
In 1908 Robinson (Rhodora X, 29) reduced the ‘‘attrac-
tive plumose variety’’ which Davenport (Rhodora ITI,
25: 1901) had described as Asplenium ebeneum var.
Hortonae to a synonym of var. incisum Howe, and this

SHortTer Notes 31

treatment was promptly followed in the 7th Edition of
Gray’s Manual. Robinson based his knowledge of var.
imeisum not on an examination of the type specimen but
on a description and a tracing of one of its fronds.
Howe’s type is preserved in the New York State Mu-
seum and, through the kindness of Dr. House, we received
last February an excellent photograph of it.

The tracing Dr. Robinson had must have been mislead-
ing, for the photograph bears little resemblance to the
fern described and well illustrated in Davenport’s paper.
Instead, it is one of the familiar forms with irregular,
jagged pinnae. |

Var. Hortonae has been collected only very occasion-
ally. An addition to the few records of its occurrence
was recently made when Dr. E. T. Wherry found it in
York Co., Pennsylvania, in November, 1935. Specimens
were taken for the herbarium and a living plant was re-
moved to the Morris Arboretum, where it produced this
year a luxuriant clump of crowded, beautiful fronds with
their characteristic deeply pinnatifid and imbricated
pinnae—all of them sterile. It is apparently a rare,
sterile mutant, and should, perhaps, be classed as a forma
rather than a variety.

Whatever the relation of var. incisum Howe’ may be
to the subsequently published var. serratum E. 8. Miller,
var. Hortonae is evidently a thing apart, not to be con-
fused with them.—Arruur N. Leeps, Academy of Nat-
ural Sciences of Philadelphia.
Pheer

* Twenty-second Annual Report on State Cabinet, N. Y. Report

of the Botanist, p- 104: 1869
* Bull. Torrey Bot. Club IV, 41: 1873.

32 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

American Fern Society
Report of the President for 1936

Despite the hindrance placed in the way of amateur
fern study by the wide sale of a largely spurious work
on ‘‘American Ferns’’ through a leading publishing
house, the membership list of our Society has shown
during the year a gratifying increase. Our finances are

now in satisfactory condition, and we hope soon to be
able to publish the 25-year index, the manuscript of
which is ready.

Karly in the year Dr. R. C. Benedict, on account of the
pressure of other work, asked to be relieved of the duties
of Librarian, and Miss Hester M. Rusk, of the Brooklyn
Botanic Garden, has been appointed in his place.

Mr. E. J. Winslow, who has been on the Editorial
Board since 1913, attending particularly to the business
of the JouRNAL, finds it necessary to withdraw at the close
of the present year, and his resignation is accepted, with
the heartiest thanks for all he has done to make our
JOURNAL a success.

Early in October a committee was appointed for the
incorporation of the Society, comprising the following
members resident in or near Washington, D. C.: Paul
Bartsch, J. E. Benedict, Jr., E. P. Killip, Mrs. T. M.
Knappen, and W. R. Maxon. This group appeared be-
fore a notary and signed a certificate of incorporation,
which was filed with the Recorder of Deeds of the Dis-
trict of Columbia by Dr. Maxon on October 10th, so our
Society is now incorporated.

Respectfully submitted,
Epear T. WuHerry, President

AMERICAN FERN Society ao

Report of the Secretary for 1936

The American Fern Society has passed another mile-
Stone, marking progress not only in length of existence
but also in things accomplished. Two successful field trips
were held during the year, both of which have been re-
ported in detail in the Journau. A report of the regular
winter meeting will be found below.

One of the most important accomplishments of the year
has been the incorporating of the Society under the laws
of the District of Columbia. This makes it possible to
receive and administer bequests and gifts such as the sum
left to the Society by Mrs. Charles H. Bissell, widow of a
former President of the Society.

This act of incorporation brings up the question of
whether further changes may not be needed in the Con-
stitution. During the last two years the membership
has voted upon, and approved, certain amendments, bring-
ing the procedure for the Society’s business in line with
newer conditions, and providing for safeguards to the
treasury. The question now arises whether, as an in-
Corporated society, it is not necessary to further amend the
Constitution in regard to the method of setting up the
Nominating Committee and filling vacant offices. |

It is to be regretted that so few copies of the Constitu-
tion are in existence. There should be an early printing
of this document, as soon as funds will allow, so that
present members of the Society, and new ones as they come
im, may each have a copy.

We regret to report the loss by death of Dr. Marshall
A. Howe, who joined the Society in 1911, and was there-
fore a member for more than a quarter of a century. We
also lost by death during the year, Dr. Paul Kestner, of
Switzerland, whose work in experimenting with fern
Plants grown from spores brought requests through the

‘OURNAL for spore material of American species.

34 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Twenty-eight new members were added during the year.
This is a few more than the number lost through death,
resignations and for other reasons, and finds the member-
ship list at the end of the period with three hundred and
twenty-three members.

We note the addition of several new members from
North Carolina. Has this interest been stimulated by
the appearance of Prof. Blomquist’s book on the Ferns
of North Carolina? If so, we should weleome a number
of new books on the ferns of various local areas.

The annual election of officers returned for another
term those who have guided your Society for the past
year. Details of this election will be found elsewhere in
this issue. Mr. Winslow has resigned from the Editorial
Board, but happily not from the Society, while he repre-
sents his township in the State Legislature at Concord,
New Hampshire.

Respectfully submitted,
Este Gipson WHITNEY, Secretay.

Treasurer’s Report
JANUARY 1, 1936, TO DECEMBER 31, 1936

Receipts Amount ese Total

Cash on hand, January 1, 19366 .................. : $191.04
1935 Membership Payments 00000... $ 21.00

1935 Subscription Payments 00.0000... 2.60 $ 23.60

1936 Membership a so a aerate 382.69

1936 New Member 43.50 426,19

1936 Subscription Rens EELS AR ea 57.15

1936 New Subscribers 17.70 74.85

1937 Membership ee EOE, NLA Sao) 19.99

1937 New Member 1.50 21.49

1937 Subscription Renewal bela ce aes 18.45

1937 New Subscriber 1.25 19.70

Sale of back nein 68.05 68.05

Sale of Hart’s Tongue Ferns ..................... 9.75 9.75

Gifts 16.25 16.25
Advertising in A. F.J. 4.00 4.00

Windsor National Bark occ 14.96 14.96

AMERICAN FERN Society 35

Reprints:
gt chepapi 16.76
Jos. Ewan ..... 6.57
R. ay ryon ie 1.85
Edward P. St. Soba ‘ 8.38
ee Wherry 6.17
Miss MacGilliard .. 6.25 45.98 724.82
$915.86
Disbursements
Science Press:
me. Vo 0, No.4. 124.51
poo. 0. Vol 96, No 4 112.00
A. F. J. Vol. BO Ihe Seg ere 107.35
A. F. J. Vol. BO NOS i es 108.65
New Membership list 35.37
Mailing envelopes .. ABT
Reprints 16.40 512.15
Sale of cand ’s Tongue Ferns—Postage .69 6
arges .......... .50 50
Returned aad 5.64 5.64
xpense—Treasurer 35.66
Secretary 12.48 48.14
Cuts for reprints . 10.23 10.23
Tneorporation expen 1.4 1.40
Stamps for 1937 chon, bills ......... 10.17. 10.17
Discount to members—sale A 4,25 4,25
Agency Commission 1 5.18 598.35
Cash on hand December 81, 1906 eo $317.51
FINANCIAL STATEMENT, DECEMBER 31, 1936
Assets
a ei a 317.51 Capital account ........... $3,898.65
Notes Receivable 3,200.00 Note Payable .............-- 200.00
Accounts Receivable. 12.85 1936 Suspense a/c
Inventory A.F.J..... 711.87 A.J.F. Vol. 26,
Ps for 1937 Mem- We 6 115.00
bership bills... 10.17 1937Subseriptions ...._ 19.70
ash in closed bank ..... 7.05 1937 Membership Pay- mee
te as: :
Miss MacGilliard a/e 6.28
$4,259.45 8

36 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Report of the Judge of Elections
December 18, 1936.
Mrs. Elsie Gibson Whitney,
Secretary of the American Fern Society,
New York State Museum,
Albany, New York.
My Dear Mrs. Whitney:

Inclosed please find the election results for the Ameri-
ean Fern Society. One hundred and seven ballots were
returned. On two, the officers were unchecked, and on
seven no vote on the amendment. One ballot substituted
the name of C. A. Weatherby for President, and A. N.
Leeds for Secretary. Otherwise all members voted the
straight ticket.

The tabulation is as follows:

For President—Dr. Edgar T. Wherry. —.c-ccccccccnce 104

For Vice-President—Mrs. Carlotta Hall .......W0..0..... 105

For Secretary—Mrs. Elsie Gibson Whitney .......... 104
Treasurer—Dr. Henry K. Svenson 0.0...

Amendment to the Constitution,
Article VI, Section 5 100

As Judge of Elections I decleare the regular ballot
elected: Dr. Wherry for President, Mrs. Hall for Vice-
President, Mrs. Whitney for Secretary, Dr. Svenson for
Treasurer, and the Amendment adopted.

Respectfully submitted,
ELEANOR McGiuuiarp,
Judge of Elections.

Report of the Auditing Committee
We have audited the books of the American Fern So-

ciety. They were found to be in excellent condition.
Cash balance on hand December 31, 1936, was $317.51.

AMERICAN FERN Society at

Receipts were $915.86, with disbursements to the amount
of $598.35, giving the balance quoted above.
Respectfully submitted,
Raupo H. CHENEY,
ArTHUR H. GRAVEs,
Committee.

The annual meeting of the society was held in the
Auditorium, Atlantic City, New Jersey, in the morning
of January Ist, 1937, the attendance being about 35.
Professor M. A. Chrysler first showed lantern slides of
maps of New Jersey, with dots marking where the various
Species of ferns are known to have been collected, bring-
Ing out many interesting details of distribution. Mr.
Robert T. Clausen spoke on Botrychium and Ophioglos-
sum in the State, not only as to geographic distribution,
but also from the taxonomie standpoint. He announced
the discovery of a new variety of Botrychium simple,
and discussed the status of heretofore doubtful plants
such as Botrychium angustisegmentum and Ophioglos-
sum arenarium, neither of these being now regarded as
Species,

Mr. James L. Edwards then spoke on his experiences
n Searching for the rarer New Jersey ferns, pointing out
that there are many much harder to find than the famous

chizaea pusilla. Those so rare that no localities are
now known for them comprise Asplenium pinnatifidum
(or is it A. trudelli?) and Equisetum pratense. But a
Single station is known for Cryptogramma stelleri, here
“eaching its southern range-limit, and two for Asplenium
bradleyi. Professor Edgar T. Wherry then showed habi-
tat views and distribution maps for the more notable
Species of the state. Certain of these like Botrychium
‘implex var. tenebrosum reach their southern limits here,
others like Lycopodium alopecuroides are at or near a

38 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

northern limit; one or two Equisetums have an eastern
limit in the state, and two species, Dryopteris simulata
and Schizaea pusilla, show a range indicating them to
have lived during past geological periods on a former
land-mass east of the present coast, and to have entered
the state from the east—Epcar T. Wuerry, Philadel-
phia, Pa.

Have You a CoMPLETE FILE OF THE AMERICAN FERN
JOURNAL ?—Several years ago, with the same question as
the title, reference was made to the status of the
AMERICAN Fern JourNAt files at the end of the 20th
volume. Now with the 26 volumes completed, it seems
appropriate again to raise the same question and to bring
the status of the Fern Journat files up to date.

In connection with the building up of a college library,
the writer had oceasion recently to make inquiries as to
the cost of the back files of various biological publica-
tions; some much younger than the Fern JourNnat, and
some older. The estimates for different journals ranged
from $50.00 to $750.00. One reason for the high prices
was of course the fact that the early volumes of most of
these journals have long been out of print and have come
to exist only as rare items to be supplied by dealers.

With the Fern Journat, there is a very different
story. It has been the policy of the Society to maintain
complete stocks of all its back numbers. With this in
mind, when the original supply of an early number be-
comes used up, it is reprinted. So far, there has been
occasion to do this only once, but at the present time, the
stocks of several back numbers have become so low that
reprinting is necessary.

The basis for this policy is worth noting; namely, to
make it possible for those who join the Society more re-
cently to purchase back numbers at a moderate cost. It

AMERICAN FERN Society 39

may be noted that the early numbers of the JouRNAL con-
tain many articles of considerable interest. The whole
file of 26 volumes of the FERN JouRNAL constitute a
library of fern literature of great interest and value to
the fern lover,

There are 3488 pages in the AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
(up to and including Volume 26) and 230 illustrations.

The cost of 26 volumes is $35.55, figured at $1.50 per
volume for all except volume 1, which is $2.00, and allow-
ing 10% discount to members and institutions on orders
of six volumes or more.

The following extract from a letter from one of the
Senior members of the Society should interest us all.

‘“... On my 79th birthday, last May 26, I made a
tramp of ten miles or so over these ridges and hollows
after flowers for the flower-book and to check upon the
ferns. It was a glorious day of sunshine, blue sky and
bird-songs,

‘‘As to the ferns, they checked all right, though some
are more rare owing to heavier stock-grazing and fires.

‘The most interesting item is the wide-spread inerease
and the hardihood of Ophioglossum Engelmanni in spite
of the intense drought and fires. It seems to flourish in
any kind of soil, clay or gravel, loam or sand, anywhere—
im damp ground near living springs, or high up on the
top of ridges; in the shady woods or on the most exposed
Slopes! It seems to be as nonchalant as some of the plan-
tains which it somewhat resembles at first glance.

“‘Thave found some other ferns which were as bold and
Weedsome—one of the Aspidiums which grew under the
Wooden sidewalks in Tacoma, Washington, sending a
clusters of fronds up through the cracks. And the roy al
fern and lady fern used to have to be reckoned with in
the market gardens about Chicago, just as the buek-brush

40 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

and sassafras do here in southern Missouri.’’—S. FRED
PRINCE, Galena, Missouri.

Mr. Irving Knobloch, 64 Kent Blvd., Salamanca, N. Y.,
has the following surplus ferns as plants: Ophioglossum
vulgatum, Woodsia obtusa, Polystichum Brauni, Dryop-
teris Phegopteris, D. hexagonoptera, D. cristata, D. spim-
losa, Woodwardia virginica, W. areolata, Camptosorus
rhizophyllus, Asplenium platyneuron, A. Trichomanes,
Athyrium pycnocarpon, A. thelypteroides, and Lyco-
podium tristachyum. Any one interested in trading for
any of the above will be answered.

New members:
Howard, Mrs. David G., 137 Monticello Ave., Annapolis, Md.
Lumis, Mrs. Harriet R., 28 Bedford Road, Soringhe field, Mass.
Miller, Mrs. Lawrence, 42 Brunswick St., Pittsfield, Mask.
Neidorf, Charles, 1719 Washington Ave., New York City.
Scamman, Miss Edith, 474 Portland Road, Saco, Maine.

Changes of address :
Bell, Mrs. John J., Winter Park, Fla.
Groff, Miss Mary E. , R. F. D. 6, Lancaster, Pa.
Eien, Mrs. Minate W., 365 Lakeshore Road, Grosse Pointe
Farms, Mich.
Lewis, ee Charles S., 3 Academy vat Albany, N. Y.
Lewis, Rev. William F,, 108 Bank St., Burlington, Vt.
Torrey, Raymond H., 99-28 193rd St., ae Queens, N. Y.

THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB

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Including Bulletin, Memoirs, and Torreya, $5.00 a year

PUBLICATIONS ;
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d YSLER, Editor, Rutgers University, New Bruns-

wick, N. J.
Torreya. Bi- -monthly, established 1901. Price be 00 a year.
Manuscripts intended for publication in Torreya should be ad-
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dressed to Gr HASTINGS, Editor, 2587 Sadgeiiek Ave.,
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Memoirs, Occasional, established 1889. Price, $3.00 to $5.00 a
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dressed ‘the and, other oem B. Matzke, “Benermerhoen Hall,
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r the professional. Yea rly subscription in the United States, <
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Vol. 27 April-June, 1937 No. 2 ge

American Hern Journal

A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO FERNS
Published by the

AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY

Bd
EDITORS
C. A. WEATHERBY
R. C. BENEDICT W. R. MAXON
Rd
CONTENTS Ny
Stead Dowell shebuice laos et ieee ..R. C. Benepict 41 He
Ferns collected in Mexico..... JACK Gerrwe eee
FoR of “Viticttes as Pocus of Fornn'al North

qi merics Sr onctated) Eee ces se a ee Cc, A. Wearmmany we

Ferns of the Hot Sion National Park <;
; Recent Fern Literature. .

The American Hern Society

Counril for 1937
OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR

Epear T. WHEERY, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, P.
President

Mrs. Cartorta C. Hatt, Berkeley, Cal. . Vice-President
Mrs. ELSI£ Ginson Wuitnery, New York ‘State Museum, 4 se
etary

Henry K. SvENsON, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, igbegn der” ee
Treasurer

OFFICIAL ORGAN

American Fern Journal
: EDITORS
C. A. WEATHERBY .......... .. 27 Raymond St., Cambridge, Mass.
R. C. BENEDICT .......... 1819 Dorchester a Brooklyn, N. ¥.
W. R. Maxon .. . Smithsonian Instituti n, Washington, D, C.

An illustrated quarterly devoted to the general study of ferns.
ed $1.25 per year, foreign, 10 cents extra; sent free
ae SOCIETY (annual dues,
$1.50; lite membership, § 25.00). Extracted reprints, if ordered in
vance, will be furnished authors at cost. They should be be ordered
wh of is returned.
lume I, six numbers, $2.00; other volumes $1.25 each. Single
maak pnhees Se corte oe Vol. I, no. 1; vol. III, nos. 2, 3 and
ears, no. 1, cannot be supplied except with complete
volumes. Ten ee a and institutions
5 x volumes o members and institutions on
Matter for ‘publication should be addressed to O. A. Waamskast,
at 27 , Mass.
Orders for back numbers and other business comm
should be addressed to the Treasurer of the Society.
LIBRARIAN
Miss Hesres M. sien olen cae oe (. Fae

ei PPR PAS UP

<p n
VOLUME 27, PLATE 2
AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

PHILIP DowELL

Amprican Fern Journal

Vou. 27 ApRIL—JUNE, 1937 No. 2

Philip Dowell (Dec. 3, 1864—June 25, 1936)
R. C. BENEDICT

Philip Dowell was born at Attica, New York, the son
of a Lutheran minister, John Franz Oscar Dowell, of
Swedish descent. His collegiate education was gained in
Augustana College, from which he was graduated in 1885
and from which he received his first graduate degree
(A.M.) in 1886. From 1889 onward, he taught alter-
nately with his collegiate and graduate work—in Augus-
tana College, in Hope Academy, Moorhead, Minnesota,
at Upsala College, at Muhlenberg College (from which
he received the degree of Ph.D. in 1900), and at Yale
University. In 1902 he served as assistant in the
United States National Museum, and in the same year he
began his long service (1902-1929) as teacher of biology
im the Curtis and Port Richmond High Schools of the
New York City system. a4

He was married Aug. 29, 1894, at Stanton, lowa, to
Anna Severina Albertina Dorothea Halland. They had
four children, three of whom survive. Mrs. Dowell died
In 1930.

It was during Dr. Dowell’s residence on Staten Island
that he worked most extensively with ferns. In the
Course of his botanical pursuits he often visited the New
York Botanical Garden; on one of these visits, in 1906,
I first met him. At that time he had already made very
careful studies of such fern problems as the discrimina-

[Volume 27, No. 1 of the JourNat, pages 1-40, plate 1, was issued
March 27, 1937.]

41

42 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

tion of the spinulose types in Dryopteris, the differentia-
tion of D. Clintoniana, and the identification and descrip-
tion of those puzzling dryopterid specimens which would
not fit any species-classification and were then coming to
be regarded as hybrids. Under his guidance I received
a very valuable tutelage in these matters and in the gen-
eral problems in the study of the ferns native to the
vicinity of New York. He was a most careful collector
and preparer of herbarium material, and the Herbarium
of the New York Botanical Garden contains many fine
sheets sent in by him. I did not then get to visit all of
the stations from which he obtained his specimens of
fern hybrids, but I have visited some of them since.
Within the past two years the Fern Society and the
Torrey Botanical Club have held joint meetings at the
Springdale, New Jersey, station where Dryopteris Gold-
wana and at least one of its hybrids collected there by Dr.
Dowell may still be found in relative abundance.

Dr. Dowell’s botanical interests were broader than
work with ferns; he carried on research in violets and in
Calceolaria, among other things. He was a member of
several scientific organizations; and associate editor of
the Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club (1907-1911)
and its editor-in-chief (1911-1913). He was particu-
larly active in the Staten Island Academy of Sciences.

He was elected President of the American Fern So-
ciety in the fall of 1910 and served one year. He was
the first regular editor of the American Fern Journal
when this periodical became the official organ of the
Fern Society, beginning with the third number of Vol-
ume I and he continued in this capacity for two years,
through Volume 2. In this service he was responsible
for establishing the Journal as a carefully edited, credit-
able botanical periodical, in practically the same format
as at present.

BrooKiyNn Botanic GARDEN

ARIZONA FERNS IN Mexico 43

Some Arizona Ferns Collected in Sonora, Mexico
JACK WHITEHEAD

It was the good fortune of the writer to spend the
Whole month of September, 1934, with Dr. Forrest
Shreve and Dr. T. D. Mallery of the Carnegie Institu-
tion of Washington, D. C., and Dr. Ira L. Wiggins of
Stanford University, California, on a trip of botanical
exploration into the more -remote regions of Sonora,
Mexico. One of the most interesting features of this
trip was the opportunity afforded to study some of the —
Arizona ferns as found growing in the Sonoran wilds.

One of the first ferns to be collected in Sonora was
Cheilanthes pringlet Davenport. Specimens were gath-
ered amid the scenic loveliness of the Rio Magdalena.
This Winding river flows through a rugged and rock-
bound countryside, where its banks are lined deeply with
many a tree and much luxuriant planting to beguile the
nature lover. Wonderful specimens of Sycamore, Plat-
anus wrightii, and Honey Mesquite, Prosopis glandulosa,
were shade-bearers for myriads of annual and herba-
ceous plants. Above such groupings, among the rocks
and boulders, were found numerous specimens of the
Pringle Lip Fern. And, most assuredly, it was not
alone as a fern species in such a habitat, as also collected
hereabouts were Notholaena sinuata, Notholaena sinuata
integerrima, Notholaena lemmoni, Cheilanthes lindheim-
ert, and others. Surely here is a fern that might well be
Popularly known as the Lace Fern, inasmuch as its
fronds resemble nothing so much as most delicate lace
Work, woven of dark green segments and chestnut-brown
Sealy rachises. Mr. George E. Davenport named this de-
lightful fern in honor of Mr. C. G. Pringle from speci-
mens collected in Arizona. The fern described as
Cheilanthes sonorensis Goodding is to be regarded, ac-
Cording to Dr. W. R. Maxon, as precisely this species.

44 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

About fifteen miles southeast of Magdalena, on the road
to Cucurpe, the graceful, delicately cut Notholaena
limitanea Maxon was collected. It was again collected in
a rocky palm-lined canyon near Moctezuma. A truly
lovely species, with distribution throughout Arizona, New
Mexico, and Sonora, Mexico, it had for years passed as
the even more dainty Notholaena dealbata Kunze. Dr.
Maxon called attention to this error by deseribing our
plant as a new species, Notholaena limitanea, and defin-
ing the distribution of Notholaena dealbata as geographi-
cally more to the north and east in the United States. A
hardy little creature of the wilds, it seems to delight in
growing on rocky hillside slopes or in the talus at the
base of limestone cliffs.

It was while camping on the southwestern side of the
Babiso Mountains, between Magdalena and Cucurpe, that
time was found to explore Palm Canyon. Here two
interesting ferns were collected, Phanerophlebia auricu-
lata Underwood and Asplenium palmeri Maxon. The
Palmer Spleenwort is unique in the Trichomanes group
of Aspleniums in proliferously creating new plants at
the ends of its fronds. Indeed, if it were not for this
peculiarity of propagation, this species might be rather
diffienlt to distinguish from the closely allied Asplenvum
resiliens Kunze. While more or less common in Mexico,
this species but rarely occurs in the United States. It
has been collected at least once in New Mexico and there
are two citations from Arizona: the Mule Mountains
(Goodding) and the Baboquivari Mountains (Harrison).
Professor L. N. Goodding, from the Mule Mountain
specimens, described Asplenium parvulum grandidenta-
tum, which, however, has since been reduced to synonomy
under Asplenium palmeri Maxon.

In this rugged mountain canyon Phanerophlebia
auriculgta. Underwood was found growing in a cave-like

ee

ARIZONA FERNS in MExico 45

grotto almost without immediate associates. This lack
of company seemed strange where so much riotous
vegetation overran the scene. The whole canyon was, in
far more than words, a plant paradise, overflowing with
wonderful plants of which the following few were noted:
Inodes uresana, Tecoma stans, Berberis haematocarpa,
Dasylirion wheeleri, Stachys coccinea, and a host of others.
Phanerophlebia auriculata is very distinct among the fern
Species of the southwest and somewhat resembles the old-
fashioned garden favorite, Cyrtomium falcatum J. Sm.
Early collectors of this plant in the United States appear
to have confused it with the more southerly located
Phanerophlebia juglandifolia J. Sm., and frequently
distributed it under the name of Aspidium juglandi-
folium Kunze. Phanerophlebia auriculata alone repre-
Sents the genus in the United States, where it occurs
Sparingly along the Mexican border in Arizona, New
Mexico, and probably Texas.

It was at an already recognized locale that our speci-
mens of Cheilanthes wrightii Hooker were gathered along
the rocky banks of the Rio San Miguel. The range of the
Wright Lip Fern is given by authorities as from western
Texas to southern Arizona and adjacent Mexico. Though
this delightful wildling shows none of the protective

evices characteristic of xerophilous ferns, being usually
without pubescence or scales, it here sought to establish
Its right to a well defined place among desert ferns by
8rowing in close association with species of Hechtia and
Graptopetalum and, more often than not, arose from cush-
lons of Selaginella rupincola Underwood.

The most spectacular of our southwestern xerophilous
ferns, Notholaena sinuata (Lag.) Kaulf., has a com-
Paratively wide range of distribution, extending from
Arizona and western Texas to Mexico and, from there, far
South into South America. Often to be found as large

lad 9

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VOLUME 27, PLATE 3

CHEILANTHES WriGHTm Hook.

ARIZONA FERNS IN MExIco 47

tufted plants, strictly erect, and nearly two feet high,
this species wants its roots well placed in cliff crevices or
among the talus of limestone hillsides, while flaunting
its well protected fronds to the bright sunshine. In
Sonora, our best specimens were collected in a small arroya
not far from Ures. In this setting were found many
interesting plants. Ichthyomethia mollis, here a good-
sized tree, is known as Palo Blanco by the Mexicans of
Sonora, who use its leaves and bark for poisoning fish
Streams. Another strange tree, met with hereabouts, is the
Kapok, Ceiba acuminata. It is always conspicuous because
of the large conic spines on its branches; and it is eco-
nomically important to the Mexicans in that the wool en-
closing the seeds is made into stuffing for bedding and also
into wicks for candles. Under the protecting shade of
such trees may be found the Chili Tepano, Capsicum bac-
catum, the pods of which are hot par excellence and
extensively introduced into the savory Mexican cookery.
Clambering over the jungle-like forest everywhere,
Cardiospermum halicacabum, the Balloon-vine, is most
evident with its pretty pinkish white flowers and large,
balloon-like fruits. While this great wealth of plant-
life lent interest to the habitat of the Wavy Cloak Fern
it really did little more than enchance the wonder of so
beautiful a fern. -

Several miles beyond Ures a real Arizona fern was dis-
Covered in Notholaena lemmoni D. C. Eaton. Undoubt-
edly a rock-loving species, its herbarium sheet bears this
legend : “‘Rocky slopes on west side of mountain, near
Ures, on the road to Babiacori, Sonora, Mexico.’’ The
history of this graceful fern is, as it should be, intimately
onnected with the life and work of Professor J. G. Lem-
mon. Originally, in 1880, it was collected near Tucson,
Arizona, at old Fort Lowell, a famed rendezvous during
the Indian wars, now crumbling to ruins under the

48 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

shadow of the Catalina Mountains, the highest peak of
which is named in honor of this well-known botanist,
Mount Lemmon. It is an interesting sidelight upon the
character and sincere devotion to science of both Pro-
fessor and Mrs. Lemmon that, to a great degree, their
botanical collections were made in a land infested by
hostile Apaches without serious molestation.

Both Professor and Mrs. Lemmon did a great deal with
the ferns of Arizona and it is therefore fitting that some
recognition of their labors be preserved. In Notholaena
lemmoni D. C. Eaton, a lovely fern is named in honor of
Professor Lemmon; in Woodsia plummerae, a truly
beautiful fern is Seseribed by Professor Lemmon and—
‘‘Dedicated to Mrs. Lemmon, whose maiden name is
Sarah A. Plummer, and whose devotion to science,
arduous labors, and daring heroism while botanizing in
the land of the Apache entitle her to high honors and
this timely recognition.’’ This small fern is usually

ound growing in moist situations along the bases of
canyon boulders, sometimes singly, more often in clumped
groups of individuals. Apparently a somewhat localized
species, Woodsia plummerae Lemmon, is not always
easily differentiated from others of the genus, being
rather variable as to size of plants, shape of pinnae and
segments, and degree of glandular pubescence. Daven-
port referred it to Woodsia mexicana; D. C. Eaton placed
it as a mere form by naming it Woodsia obtusa var.
glandulosa, and many authorities considered it very close
to Woodsia scopulina D. C. Eaton. It is an Arizona spe-
cies with its type locality in the Chiricahua Mountains
and finding it at La Mina Verde was rather a surprise.

After having gained the highest altitude of the trip at
4,360 feet, we descended, in a deluge of rain, to the hos-
pitality of an abandoned house at La Mina Verde. How-
ever glad we were to find shelter for the night, it was as

ARIZONA FERNS IN MEXICO 49

nothing compared to the delight of awakening on the
clearing of the morning to find ourselves in a perfect
paradise of ferns. One of the first ferns to greet us here
was Notholaena bonariensis (Willd.) C. Chr. While
authority gives this interesting Cloak Fern a distribution
in the United States from Arizona to western Texas, it
is more than likely rather strictly confined to the Mexican
border region, whence it goes far down into South
America. In fact, as its specific name implies, it is a
South American plant with type locality at ‘‘Bonaria,”’
the well known Buenos Aires of the Argentine Republic.
The habitat of this fern is usually one among the rocks
of sunny hillside slopes.

It was with no great surprise that specimens of Notho-
laena grayi Davenport were gathered at La Mina Verde,
as this fern has been reported as indigenous to northern
Mexico by Dr. Edward Palmer. Mr. George E. Daven-
port, in dedicating this fern to Dr. Asa Gray, has this to
Say of it: ‘‘The species is one of the most elegant yet dis-
Covered ...’’ And that, indeed, very well describes the
Gray Cloak Fern. It was from specimens collected in
Southeastern Arizona by Mr. William M. Courtis that
Mr. Davenport described this plant. Some years ago,
Professor L. N. Goodding, upon finding this fern in the
Mule Mountains of Arizona, regarded it as an unde-
Scribed species and named it Notholaena hypoleuca, quite
unaware, apparently, of the Notholaena hypoleuca of
Kunze, a South American species. Perhaps this small
fern may best be thought of as only a partial rock-lover
as, while it often grows on rocky hillsides, it is mainly
found flourishing in open spaces between the rocks in
fairly good deep soil.

Not even a partial rock-lover, and never an avowed in-
habitant of sunny situations, is the delicately fragile
Bommeria hispida (Mett.) Underwood. While oceasion-

50 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

ally, very occasionally, it does have a rocky hillside
habitat, it is usually well hidden under low shrubs, grow-
ing deeply buried in moist leafmold. It was in just such
surroundings that the Hairy Bommeria flourished on
canyon slopes at La Mina Verde.

Far more typical of truly xerophilous ferns is Cheil-
anthes lindheimeri Hooker. One must grant that this
fern, with its dense equipment of scales and hairs, is
amply able to withstand the rigors of life incidental to
arid habitats. Often the Lindheimer Lip Fern is to be
found growing in extensive masses, shared with grasses
and species of Graptopetalum and Selaginella: Selagt-
nella arizonica Maxon in Arizona, Selaginella rupincola
Underwood in Sonora. Characteristically its habitat is a
rocky or cliffside one. There it becomes one of the show-
iest of desert ferns and one more or less easy of deter-
mination due to the covering of both scales and hairs on
the undersides of its fronds. It was fairly common in
Sonora, being collected at Ures and here again at La
Mina Verde.

At several stations in Sonora, besides La Mina Verde,
a rather small fern known as Notholaena sinuata integer-
rima Hooker was collected. Though most often regarded
simply as a variety of Notholaena sinuata (Lag.) Kaulf.,
this fern is remarkably distinct of appearance, at least in
the field, and there seem to be no gradations in forms
between it and the so-called parent species. Hooker
originally described this fern, from Mexican specimens,
as variety imtegerrima of Notholaena sinuata. From
material collected in Arizona, Professor Goodding de-
scribed it as a distinct species under Notholaena cochis-
ensis. This species has since been reduced to synonomy
by Dr. Maxon. Habitally this form, if mere form it be,
never aspires to the tall robustness of Notholaena sinuata,
but rather is content to remain a small grayish green rock-
loving fern.

List oF VARIETIES AND Forms 51

So wonderfully abundant were ferns at La Mina Verde
that almost all the ferns mentioned in this paper were
found growing luxuriantly here, with others not indige-
nous to Arizona, as Cheilanthes kaulfussii Kunze, Pellaea
termifolia (Cav.) Link, Pellaea seemanni Hooker, and,
outside of Polypodiaceae, the pretty Anemia anthrisci-
folia Schrader.

Boyce THompson SoUTHWESTERN ARBORETUM,

SupErior, ARIZONA

A List of Varieties and Forms of the Ferns of
Eastern North America

C. A. WEATHERBY

(Continued from p, 24)

PELLAEA ATROPURPUREA (Linnaeus) Link, Filicum
Species in Horto. . . . Berolinense 59 (1841). Pteris a.
Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1076 (1753).—Blades pin-
nate or bipinnate with entire pinnules.

. CRISTATA (Trelease) Clute, Fern Bulletin 15 : 47
(1907). Pa. var. c. Trelease, Report Missouri Botanical
Garden 12:77, plate 34 (1901).—Tip of blade and lateral
Plnnules crested.

P. atropurpurea punctata and P. a. venosa of Gilbert,
List North American Pteridophytes 18 (1901), though
attributed to Schkuhr, were actually founded nomen-
elaturally on Pteris atropurpurea vars. venosa and punc-
tata Pursh, Flora Americae Septentrionalis 2: 668
(1814). These were, in turn, based on plates 100 and
101 of Schkuhr’s Kryptogamische Gewichse (1809).
His illustrations show respectively a condition sometimes
to be found in young fronds in which the veins are clearly
Visible through the rather thin leaf-tissue (venosa) and
the normal mature state in which the thick, opaque and
dotted leaf-tissue hides the veins (punctata).

52 AmerICAN Fern JOURNAL

Pellaea atropurpurea var. minima Eggert in Farwell,
American Midland Naturalist 12: 281 (1931), is, at least
so far as similar specimens in the Gray Herbarium indi-
cate, the same as P. glabella Mettenius, discussed in detail
in the American Fern Journal by Pickett (7: 3-5) and
Butters (7: 77-87). So is P. atropurpurea var. Bushu
Mackenzie, Manual of the Flora of Jackson Co., Missouri
5 (1902).

ADIANTUM PEDATUM Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1095
(1753) —Main branches of the blade strongly divergent,
eurved, the pinnae nearly horizontal; pinnules with well-
developed leaf-tissue, except for those at the extreme base
and tip nearly equal in size—Southern Quebec and west-
ern New Brunswick to Georgia, Louisiana, Oklahoma and
Minnesota.

F. Bruurnesak Kittredge, AMERICAN Fern JourNAL 19:
56, fig. 4 (1929).—Pinnules toward the tips of the pinnae
enlarged and overlapping.

F. laciniatum (Hopkins), n. comb. A. p. var. l. Hop-
kins, Ohio Naturalist 10: 179, fig. 1 (1910).—Some of the
pinnules skeletonized, the very narrow lobes sometimes
fertile at the tip.

ar. ALEUTICUM Ruprecht, Beitrige zur Pflanzenkunde
des russischen Reiches 3: 49 (1845).—Main branches but
slightly divergent, ascending, not curved; pinnae
strongly ascending.—Newfoundland,. Quebee and north-
ern Vermont; Pacific slope of North America.

A. pedatum var. triangulare McCord, Canadian Nat-
uralist, series 2, 1: 355 (1864), was described as having
the pinnules triangular and more deeply lobed than
usual. It was probably a juvenile condition which would
have changed as the plant grew older.

PTERIDIUM AQUILINUM (Linnaeus) Kuhn in van der
Decken, Reisen in Ostafrika 3, part 3:11 (1879). Pteris
a. Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1075 (1753).—Blade
somewhat triangular or in large specimens elongate with
nearly equal pinnae, tripinnate below, rather densely
pubescent; indusium ciliate. The American plant is:

List oF VARIETIES AND Forms 53

Var. LANUGINOSUM (Bongard) Fernald, Rhodora 37:
247 (1935). Pteris a. var. 1. Bongard, Mémoires de
Académie St. Petersbourg, series 4, 2: 176 (1832).

PreripIuM LatTruscuLuUM (Desvaux) Hieronymus,
wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der schwedische Rhodesia-

ongo Expedition 1911-1912, 1, part 1:7 (1914). Pteris
I. Desvaux, Mémoires Société Linnéenne Paris 6: 303
(1827) —Blade thinly pubescent along the veins beneath
and on the upper surface near the margin; entire tips
of pinnae and pinnules short, lanceolate; indusium not
ciliate—Newfoundland to West Virginia, Minnesota and
Missouri and probably farther south.

Var. pseUDocAuDATUM (Clute) Maxon, AMERICAN FERN
Journau 9: 44 (1919). Pteris a. var. p. Clute, Fern Bul-
letin 8: 39 (1900) —Blade usually quite glabrous; entire

Ips of pinnae and pinnules prolonged, linear—South-
eastern Massachusetts to Florida, west to Tennessee, Okla-
homa and Texas.

Lawson and others have, in a few cases, used names
drawn from European sources for east-American forms;
but they do not properly belong to the American plants
concerned.

Potypoprum virciIntsanum Linnaeus, Species Planta-
rum 1085 (1753). P. vulgare of most authors as to the
east-American plant.!—Blade oblong-oblanceolate, deeply
Pinnatifid to near the tip, the segments linear-oblong,
entire, blunt at tip.

F. acummyatum (Gilbert) Fernald, Rhodora 24: 141
(1922), p vulgare a. Gilbert, Fern Bulletin 10: 13
( 1902) —Seements tapering more or less gradually to a
Sharp point, often with somewhat wavy margins.

1 For a discussion of the reasons for this change, see Fernald,
Rhodora 24: iss7.

54 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

F. BRACHYPTERON (Ridlon) Fernald, 1. ce. P. vulgare
f. b. Ridlon, AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL 11: 122 (1922). P.

rounded at tip or somewhat pointed, shallowly and irreg-
ularly toothed.

F. rLoncatum (Jewell) Fernald, 1. c. P. vulgare f.
e. Jewell, Maine Woods 30: 3 (1908)—Blade abruptly
narrowed at about the middle to a long, ribbon-like,
only shallowly lobed upper portion.

F. SUBSIMPLEX Fernald, 1. e—Blade narrowly lanceo-
late, nearly entire.

F. penromeum (Gilbert) Fernald, 1. «. P. vulgare
f. d. Gilbert, Fern Bulletin 14: 37 (1906). P. vulgare,
f. hastatum Gilbert, 1. c—Blade rather broad, often tri-
angular in outline, the lowermost segments with an
nr lobe on one or both sides at base.

IPINNATIFIDUM Fernald, 1. . more or
less Felgen their segments bye and blu

F. CAMBRICOIDES F. W. Gray, AMERICAN te J OUR-
waL 14: 5, plate 2 (1924) 2 Boas deeply cut into
long, narrow and acute lobes.

F. cHonpromwes Fernald, op. cit. 142—Tip of blade
and often tips of pinnae ¢ crested.

F. aLatTo-MULTIFIDUM (Gilbert) Fernald, 1. c. P. vul-
gare, var. a-m. Gilbert, Fern Bulletin 14: 105 (1906).
—Tip of blade crested ; segments acute and expanded
at the base so as to form a broad wing along the rachis.
Perhaps not really different from the preceding.

P. vulgare, f. marginale Gilbert, Fern Bulletin 14:
35 (1906), with sori near the margin, is probably only a
somewhat extreme state of P. virginianum, one of whose
distinguishing characters is that the sori are nearer the
margin than the midrib of the segments. As in most
eases in which an American plant has been referred to
a European species, various names belonging to Old
World forms of P. vulgare have been used for American
plants to which they do not properly apply.

List oF VARIETIES AND ForMs 55

I have been unable to find authentic material of P. vul-
gare f. biserratum Millspaugh, West Virginia Experiment
Station Bulletin 24: 479 (1892). Specimens in the
United States National Herbarium supposed to represent
this form seem to me indistinguishable from P. vir-
ginianum, £. acuminatum. Should this prove to be the
case, Millspaugh’s earlier epithet will have to be taken
up; but in the absence of a type specimen, I hesitate to:
make the new combination called for.

The forms of Equisetum and Lycopodium have been so
thoroughly treated by A. A. Eaton in volumes 6-12 of
the Fern Bulletin (Equisetum) and by Victorin in nos. 3
(Lycopodium) and 9 (Equisetum) of the Contributions
from the Botanical Laboratory of the University of Mon-
treal that there is no occasion for me to consider them
here. A few names of true ferns which either escaped
me during the preparation of this paper or have been
published between the time when it was begun and the
end of 1936, are appended.

Botrychium ternatum, var. Agnetis, Mackay, Proceed-
ings Nova Scotian Institute of Science 10: xcix (1903)
was described as a ‘‘condensed form . . . sterile fronds
of different ages encircled the stipe of the fertile frond.”’
T have no idea what it was.

B. obliquum var. pennsylvanicum BE. W. Graves, Amer-
lean Fern Journal 25: 118, plate 10, figure 1B (1935).
“Somewhat resembles B. multifidum var. oneidense, but
differs in that the pinnules are broadly triangular instead
of broadly oblong.’’ I have regarded such fronds as
that illustrated by Mr. Graves as the product of poorly
developed or juvenile individuals. Plants which have
them should be watched through several years to check
variation in leaf-form.

Osmunda cinnamomea, f. crenulata Dix, American
Fern Journal, 26: 26, plate 2 (1936). Pinnae obtuse, the

56 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

upper merely irregularly lobed; pinnules crenate or
crenulate.

O. cinnamomea, f. succumbens Kinney, op. cit., 142.
Pinnules overlapping.

Cystopteris fragilis, var. depauperata Goode, Canadian
Naturalist, new series, 9: 298 (1880) appears from the
description to have been founded on dwarfed plants of
f. dentata.

C. bulbifera var. depauperata Goode, op. cit., 299, was
based on a single dwarfed or juvenile specimen. Neither
it nor the preceding seems to deserve any recognition.

Gray HERBARIUM

A Hybrid-fern Name and Some New
Combinations
Epear T. WHERRY*

In the course of compilation of a popular guide to the
ferns of the Middle Atlantic States, which it is hoped
may be published in the near future, there arose the need
for certain nomenclatorial novelties which are here placed
on record.

Asplenium ebenoides R. R. Seott is now generally ac-
cepted to be a hybrid between Asplenium platyneuron
and Camptosorus rhizophyllus. Article 32 of the Inter-
national Rules of Botanical Nomenclature, 1930, states
that bigeneric hybrids are to be designated ‘‘ whenever it
seems useful or necessary, by a name,’’ consisting of “
new ‘generic’ name usually formed by a combination of
the names of the parent genera.’’ In accordance with
this plan, it is now proposed to designate the fern in
question as x Asplenosorus ebenoides (Scott), nom.
hybr. nov. As an appropriate common name, Walking
Spleenwort may be used.

1 Contribution from the Botanical Laboratory and Morris Arbo-
retum of the University of Pennsylvania.

A Hyprip-Fern NAME 57

Botrychium obliquum var. pennsylvanicum Graves.
Does not differ essentially from the original B. obliquum
Muhl. ex Willd., which was, indeed, described from Penn-
Sylvania; will be taken up as representing the earliest
name for this in varietal status. Two other well-marked
varieties are var. oneidense (Gilbert) Waters and var.

tenuifolium (Underw.) Gilbert. There are also many

forms, one of which requires further discussion. This is
a mutant with the marginal serrations more or less in-
tensified, and, as shown by Tryon,” may develop from the
Same root which another year produces a normal ob-
liquum frond. It has been regarded as the plant to
which Sprengel gave the name B. dissectum, and, when
reduction to the status of form is made, the rules of pri-
ority require the combination to read B. dissectum f. ob-
liquum, as pointed out by Clute. The more southern
plant to which Sprengel’s name was applied is, however,
much more deeply cut, with divergent teeth, and grows
independently ; in the writer’s opinion it is to be classed
as a distinet species. Anyone who feels that forms must
have technical names can coin a new one for the serrate
obliquum.

When a species has become segregated into two or more
geographic varieties—or subspecies, as they are coming
to be termed by an increasing number of authors—all of
the segregates should be regarded as of equal rank and
assigned trinominals. This has already been done for
Some of our eastern species, but apparently not for those
named below. When there is no name in varietal status
already on record, the Rules permit, for the subdivision
which ineludes the type, either a duplication of the spe-
cies name or the use of ‘‘one of the customary epithets,
typicus, genuinus, originarius, ete.,’’ the latter alterna-
tive being preferred here.

? This Journal 26: 26. 1936.

58 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Botrychium simplex var. cordatum (Fries), comb. nov.
B. lunaria var. cordatum Fries. This is the variety rep-
resented by the original B. simplex Hitchcock. Others
are var. tenebrosum (A. A. Eaton) Clausen and var.
laxifoliwm Clausen.

Osmunda claytoniana var. vera, nom. nov. The basis
of O. claytoniana L. A varietal name is needed to make
this coordinate with the Asiatic var. vestita (Wall.)
Milde.

Adiantum pedatum var. originarium, nom. nov. The
plant named A. pedatum L. It grades into var. aleutt-
cum Rupr.

Pieridium latiusculum var. verum, nom. nov. The
original P. latiusculum (Desv.) Hieron. ex Fries. An-
other is pseudocaudatum (Clute) Maxon.

Onoclea sensibilis var. genuina, nom. nov. The Amer-
ican O. sensibilis L., with an Asiatic counterpart, var.
interrupta Maxim.

Athyrium angustum var. typicum (Butters), stat. nov.’
A. a. forma typicum Butters. The epithet is needed in
varietal status for coordination with vars. elatius, rubel-
lum, ete.

Lycopodium lucidulum var. verum, nom. nov. The
variety on which was based ZL. lucidulum Michx. Its
counterpart is the more northern var. occidentale (Clute)
Wilson.

Lycopodium inundatum var. typicum, nom. nov. The
basis of L. inundatum L. Here there are two other varie-
ties, var. bigelovii Tuckerm. and var. robustum R. J.
Eaton.

Equisetum sylvaticum var. multiramosum (Fernald)
stat. nov. E. s. var. pauciramosum forma multiramosum

3’ The category term is placed in bold face here because it is
the novelty, rather than the third epithet; the latter is some-
times so treated even when merely changed in status, but in my
opinion this may be misleading.

Ferns or Hot Sprinas Nationa Park 59

Fernald. Since I interpret the term form as applying to
a peculiar plant which appears sporadically in the midst
of normal ones, and variety to a plant of abundant occur-
rence over a definite range, I can only place this Horse-
tail in the latter category.

PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Ferns of Hot Springs National Park and Vicinity
FrANcIs J. SCULLY

Hot Springs National Park is located in central Ar-
kansas in the eastern part of the Ouachita Mountains.
Due to its mountainous character there is a wide range
in the natural topography within the area of the park
itself and in the surrounding region. One may find rocky
bluffs or dry hillsides either open or shaded by a growth
of pine, oak, and hickory. The soil is mostly acid, de-
rived from the disintegration of shaley sandstone. There
are also isolated outcrops of limestone especially toward
the north. In the deeper valleys are accumulations of
humus and richer soil, often damp and boggy from
springs at the base of the rocky cliffs.

Such a varied range of natural conditions would nat-
urally support a wide variety of ferns. The following
list represents the collection made by the writer in Hot
Springs National Park and the immediate vicinity.

PotyPopium pouypopioiwes (L.) Hitehe. Gray Poly-
pody. Common on trees with rough porous bark and on
moist mossy rocks, in moderate shade.

ADIANTUM PEDATUM L. Maiden-hair Fern. Occasional
at base of shady wooded slopes in rich, moist, well drained
Soil. Rocky bluffs near the Ouachita River and other
Smaller streams.

TERIDIUM LATIUSCULUM var. PSEUDOCAUDATUM (Clute)
Maxon. Bracken. Common in open pine woods, in dry
or slightly moist acid soil.

60 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

CHEILANTHES ALABAMENSIS (Buckley) Kunze. Ala-
bama Lip-fern. Rare, found only on the limestone tufa
deposits at the base of Hot Springs Mountain, under
shady projecting ledges.

CHEILANTHES TOMENTOSA Link. Woolly Lip-fern. In
scattered tufts in dry rocky and moderately shaded local-
ities on North Mountain.

PELLAEA ATROPURPUREA (li.) Link. Purple-stemmed
Cliff Brake. Rare, found on limestone tufa deposits at
base of Hot Springs Mountain in clefts of open dry
ledges.

ASPLENIUM PLATYNEURON (Li.) Oakes. Ebony Spleen-
wort. Common on sandstone ledges especially in low
shady woods or at base of partly shaded grassy slopes.
Variable in size depending on the soil.

ATHYRIUM ASPLENIOIDES (Michx.) Desv. Lady Fern.
Common in moist rich woods near streams. Very variable
in size of fronds, number and size of sori, and in depth of
serrations on pinnules.

PoLYsTICHUM ACROSTICHOLDES (Michx.) Schott. Christ-
mas Fern. Common in moist shaded locations along the
banks of streams.

POLYSTICHUM ACROSTICHOIDES var. INcISUM Gray. In-
cised Christmas Fern. Occasionally found with the type
variety.

DRYOPTERIS HEXAGONOPTERA (Michx.) C. Chr. Broad
Beech-fern. Thelypteris hexagonoptera (Michx.)
Weatherby. Phegopteris hexagonoptera (Michx.) Fée.
Common in damp oak woods.

DRYOPTERIS MARGINALIS (L.) Gray. Evergreen Wood-
fern. Aspidium marginale (L.) Sw. Thelypteris mar-
ginalis (L.) Nieuwland. Occasional on moist shade
sandstone ledges near Ouachita River.

DrYOPTERIS NOVEBORACENSIS (L.) A. Gray. New York
Fern. Aspidium noveboracense (L.) Sw. Occasional in
low moist woods.

Ferns oF Hor Sprinas NationaL Park 61

WoopwarpIa AREOLATA (L.) Moore. Net-veined Chain-
fern. Lorinseria areolata (.) Presl. Several large colo-
nies in vicinity of the park in swampy ground in low
shady woods.

CYSTOPTERIS FRAGILIS (L.) Bernh. Brittle-fern. Rare,
on moist shaded mossy limestone ledges near Ouachita
River.

ONOCLEA SENSIBILIS L. Sensitivé Fern. Rare, in moist
low woods along streams.

OSMUNDA REGALIS var. SPECTABILIS (Willd.) Gray.
Royal Fern. Common in restricted areas in swampy open
woods.

OsMuUNDA cINNAMOMEA L. Cinnamon Fern. Common
in shady bogs, forming large colonies. Fronds often
large, up to four feet in length.

Through the kindness of Dr. H. K. Svenson at the
Brooklyn Botanic Garden, and Dr. L. 8. Hopkins, curator
of the American Fern Society herbarium, the identifica-
tion of the above ferns has been checked.

This list is by no means complete. Further search will
more than likely add new species to the list. In the west-
ern portion of the Ouachita Mountains along the Okla-
homa border Featherly and Still (1) have reported a
Similar list of ferns. In the Ozark Mountains which lie
just north of the Ouachita Mountains and extend into
Missouri, Palmer and Steyermark (2) found many of the
Same ferns. This would indicate a rather widespread
distribution of these ferns.

Branner (3) in 1888 gave thirty-six ferns and seven
fern allies in his list of Arkansas plants, based on pre-
vious collections by Harvey, Coville, Lesquereux, and
Nuttall. Bucholz (4) more recently corrected this list
and with new additions found forty-six species and three
varieties of ferns and fern allies in the state. Palmer
also reported two interesting species from the higher

62 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

ranges of the Ouachita Mountains about one hundred
miles west of Hot Springs National Park.

All these reports list ferns to be found in similar habi-
tats existing in this region. It is very likely that many
of these will be found here by a more careful survey.

REFERENCES
(1) Featherly, H. I., and Still, C. E. The Ferns of Oklahoma.
Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College, Botanical
pester o. 1. Experiment Station Circular No. 80, June.

(2) oo ef J., and Steyermark, J. A. Ferns and Fern Allies
of Misabari. Am. Fern Jour. 22: 105 (Oct.—Dec.). 1932.
(3) Branner, J. C., and Coville, F. V. A list of the Plants of
rkansas. Annual Report for 1888. Arkansas Geol. Sur-
4: 155. 1891. Little Rock.
(4) Sasiole J.T. Notes on Arkansas Pteridophyta. AM. FERN
Jour. 14: 33 (Apr—June). 4.
(5) Palmer, E. J. Two Interesting Ferns from Arkansas. AM.
FERN JOURN. 14: 39 (Apr—June). 1924.

Hot Sprinas, ARKANSAS

Recent Fern Literature

Eames, Arthur J. Morphology of Vascular Plants:
Lower pats (Psilophytales to Filicales). MeGraw-
Hill, New York. ($4.00.)

This book of Professor Eames, Cornell, deals entirely
with the general group of plants in which the Fern
Society is particularly interested; the Pteridophyta,
broadly considered. It is an extremely important book
from a botanical point of view. While too technical to
be of general interest to Fern Society members at large,
it is certainly worthy of mention and review in these
pages.

It presents in considerable detail a summary of the
findings and conclusions which the comparative study
of living and fossil pteridophytes, specially during the

REcENT FERN LITERATURE 63

last 25 or 30 years, has contributed. Just about thirty
years ago, Professor E. C. Jeffrey, of Harvard, pointed
out that the old classification of woody or vascular
plants into fern-like plants and seed plants deserved to
be replaced. He suggested at that time a division into
two new groups: I. Pteropsida, to include true ferns,
modern seed plants, and fossil types allied to this group;
II. Lycopsida, to inelude Lycopodium, Selaginella,
Isoetes, and various other living and extinct forms.

Professor Jeffrey’s suggestions have since been fol-
lowed with certain amendments and the conclusions of
the comparative plant anatomists are presented in up-
to-date form in Professor Eames’ book. The general
division of vascular plants there gives four major sub-
divisions of one single, large group or phylum, the
Tracheophyta. These divisions are as follows: Psi-
lopsida, including the modern tropical Psilotum and
certain paleozoic types; Sphenopsida, to include modern
haben and ancient types; Lycopsida, Lycopodium,

Spaldsa. to include true ferns and all flowering

oe

So asin for a summary of the technical parts. Many
interesting facts for the fern student may be gleaned
from its pages. That fossil vascular plants extend as
far back as the Silurian period is one of the findings of
the last few years. The descriptions of the peculiar
prothallia of many living pteridophytes is of great in-
terest. The recognition of Psilotum, a common West
Indian plant, and its congeners as presenting the most
primitive type of vascular plant with no real differentia-
tion into stem and leaf and with nothing that can prop-
erly be identified as a root is highly significant.—R. C. B.

Weatherby, C. A. On the Types of Desvaux’s Amer-
ican Species of Ferns. Contr. Gray Herb. 114, no. 4.

The above title represents a valuable contribution to

64 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

the nomenclature of American ferns. Hours of care-
ful examination of a large number of specimens, labori-
ous searching of fern literature, and visits to foreign
institutions for the sake of examining collections made
over 100 years ago are represented in the 24 pages of
this report.

To the average fern student, whether technically
trained or not, the question of the naming system repre-
sents a phase of fern study which is quite outside of the
ordinary experience and interest, but this kind of work
is basically essential and we may be sure that it has been
accurately done.—R. C. B

Alston, A. H. G. The Philippine Species of Sela-
ginella.

In a recent number of the Fern Journat, Dr. Alston’s
paper on Javanese Selaginella was reviewed. The pres-
ent article represents a continuation of the same kind of
study. Again it may be noted, as reported in the other
review, that it is unusual to find a systematic paper cover-
ing a considerable number of exotic species in which the
author does not find occasion to deseribe a number of new
species. The paper lists 46 species, suggesting that that
number may eventually prove to be identical with those
in other Asiatic regions. He notes that the ‘‘chief diffi-
culty has been the large number of species described
by Hieronymus; 28 of these have been reduced to
synonymy.’’—R. C. B

Mr. R. M. Tryon? has published a list of 26 species of
ferns (plus several varieties) found in the Dune Region
of Indiana along the shore of Lake Michigan. He gives
detailed notes on the habitats which the different species
there prefer. For the most part these are what one would

1Tryon, R. M. Ferns of the Dune Region of Indiana. Am.
Midl. Naturalist 17: 425-429 (1936).

Recent Fern LITERATURE 65

expect, but occasionally there is a surprise. Athyrium
angustum, for instance, is said to grow best in damp,
shady woods and var. elatius to be a sun-form with up-
turned pinnae. My own experience in southern New
England has been that typical A. angustum is a plant of
comparatively dry, exposed places, var. rubellum taking
its place in moist woods; and that var. elatius is more or
less tolerant of shade. Mr. Tryon further makes the ob-
servation that A. asplenioides prefers drier ground than
A. angustum—which again does not accord with my ex-
perience in the East, if typical A. angustum is meant.
Pepoon’s report of Dryopteris Phegopteris from the
dune area is regarded as erroneous.—C. A. WEATHERBY.

One of the most agreeable signs of the times to the
botanist interested in floristics is the activity of a group
of field-workers in Virginia, who are studying the distri-
bution of its plants and laying the foundations for a flora
of the state, which has not had one since about 1760.
This group has started a promising little magazine,
called Claytonia, and is publishing certain preliminary
lists. Prof. Massey has recently put out one of the shield
ferns of Virginia, 13 species, with notes and citation of
Specimens. The record of Dryopteris spinulosa var.
americana from the margin of Lake Drummond in the
Dismal Swamp, on the authority of Kearney in 1901,
sounds improbable. The chances are that the specimens
in question will prove to be typical D. spinulosa, a species
which has been reported by other collectors from the
Dismal Swamp and luxuriant states of which were in
the past often determined as D. dilatata.2—C. A. W.

According to an unsigned article in Nature,’ bracken
has become a serious pest in the pastures of Great Britain.

* Massey, A. B. Shield Ferns of Virginia. Claytonia 3: 15-
21 (1936),
3 Nature 138: 706-707 (Oct. 24, 1936).

66 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

In earlier times it was kept within bounds by harvesting
for use in thatching, as bedding and as a source of potash
in the making of fertilizer, soap, ete., and also by the
trampling of animals in closely grazed land. It is no
longer used in manufactures and the partial depopula-
tion of rural areas has reduced the number of animals
turned out to pasture. In consequence it has spread and
has formed such dense stands that, in many cases, the
available grazing land has been reduced by one-half or
even more. It is said that a single plant will cover an
acre in about 30 years.

Control is difficult. Pigs will dig up the rhizomes and
eat them, thus reducing the stand somewhat. But the
only really effective method is repeated mowing ; and this,
if done by hand, has proved economically impracticable,
since it costs from 3 to 8 shillings to mow an acre once
and much of the land concerned is worth only a shilling
or two per acre. However, the matter is so serious that
special mowing machines have been invented which,
under favorable circumstances, bring the cost down to
one and a half shillings per acre. It is from these ma-
chines that a solution of the problem is expected.

Shorter Notes

THe Errect or Light ON THE FRUITING OF THE CHRIST-
MAS Fern.—It will be recalled that Polystichum acros-
tichoides, forma incisum bears sori not only on the upper
pinnae, as is the usual habit of the species, but also at the
tips of the lower ones. Those of us who are familiar
with it in the field have noticed that it occurs often—
most often, I believe—in recent clearings and have sus-
pected that the additional fruiting is caused by, or at
least correlated with, the greater amount of light let im
by the cutting off of the forest.

_ SHorTER Notes 67

This year another form has furnished evidence that
such is actually the case. For some time I have had
growing in a shady spot in my back yard a vigorous plant
of P. acrostichoides, forma lanceolatum, given me by Mrs.
Chisholm. For three or four years past it has fruited
freely, but always in the conventional manner, on the
upper pinnae only. Last spring one of the trees which
Shaded it had to be cut down; this summer the fruiting
fronds bore sori not only on the upper pinnae but also
at the extremities of the lower ones. All, moreover,
Showed a more irregular marginal cutting than before,
quite in the manner of forma incisum, though the essen-
tial traits of forma lanceolatum were preserved. Since
there was no other disturbance of the plant than the
removal of the tree, this seems to point unmistakably to
the increased intensity of light as the stimulus which
produces greater soriation—C. A. WEATHERBY, Gray
Herbarium.

TRICHOMANES PETERS IN Louisiana.—A westward ex-
tension of range for this rare species may be recorded
on the basis of two specimens in the U. S. National Her-
barium, collected at Sulphur Springs, Covington, Lou-
isiana, by Rey. Bro. G. Arséne in July, 1921 (no. 14396),
and March, 1924 (no. 14764). They were not identified
by Brother Arséne and were, in fact, included in a col-
lection of about 175 Louisiana hepaties presented by him
to the National Museum in September, 1924. This col-
lection was subsequently lent, as received, to Miss Caro-
line C. Haynes for identification. Naturally the identity
of the two numbers mentioned was noted when the collee-
tion was returned by Miss Haynes a few months later,
but unfortunately the specimens became misplaced and
have only recently come to light. No. 14396 is in poor
condition ; on the other hand, no. 14764 is freely fertile

68 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

and is so ample that it will be shared with other herbaria.
Both are of the characteristic mat-like form. They grew
on the trunk of magnolia trees, according to Brother
Arséne, but apparently at the base of the tree, since the
substratum is not only of bark but to a lesser extent of
earth —WinuiaM R. Maxon, U. 8S. National Museum.

THE Ipentrry oF MENISCIUM oOLIGOPHYLLUM.—This
name was published by Baker, as a nomen subnudum, in
Ann. Bot. v. 477 (reprint 104) (1891). He placed it
under M. reticulatum, merely remarking, by way of de-
scription, that it differed ‘‘from the type by having only
5-9 pinnae.’’ It was listed in Christensen’s Index as a
species of doubtful identity ; so far as I know, it has never
been definitely placed.

Recently a specimen of it from the Linden establish-
ment has come to light in the herbarium of Martin
Martens, lately acquired by the Jardin Botanique de
l’Etat at Brussels. The specimen consists of a frond-tip
showing the terminal pinna and two lateral ones.
Though it is not in fruit, there can be little, if any, doubt
that it is Dryopteris macrophylla (Kze.) C. Chr. of Bra-
zil, Meniscium oligophyllum Linden ex Baker may,
then, be added to the synonymy of that species. ot A.
WEATHERBY, Gray Herbarium.

ANOTHER New HAMPSHIRE STATION FOR PoLyPODIUM
VIRGINIANUM, FORMA CAMBRICOIDES.—This station was
discovered by two boys in the summer of 1935. It is
on the shore of a lake in the township of Nelson, just
eighteen miles from the South Lyndeboro station recently
reported by Mrs. Richards, at an elevation of about 1,400
ft. The ferns are on a rock about eight feet above the
water with a northwesterly exposure which gets sun dur-
ing the afternoon. The soil is about one to three inches

AMERICAN Fern Society 69

thick and is made up mostly of wood from a rotten stump
which was cut about sixty years ago. All the specimens
—perhaps sixty fronds in all—are within a square no
more than eight by eight feet. There is some moss and
a few common polypodies, which do not seem to flourish.
Fearing that some one would find the station and rob it,
I have transplanted three plants to another location about
a mile away in which place they have increased at least
100% in the last year and a half. They seem to prefer
a less dry and more shaded location than the original
one.—Howarp Giumore, Brookline, Mass.

American Fern Society

Benjamin Franklin Bush, widely known as a botanical
collector and author, and a member of the American Fern
Society since 1909, died at Independence, Missouri, Feb-
ruary 14, 1937, at the age of 79 years. Born in Columbus,
Indiana, J anuary 21st, 1858, he went with his mother to
Independence in 1865. She later married Robert B. Tin-
dall, a pioneer florist who established the first greenhouse
in Independence, and Bush’s early interest in plants
probably owed much to this association.

Bush was a born naturalist, and he found in the vicin-
ity of Independence a most favorable field for explora-
tion and study. Ornithology was one of his earliest in-
terests, and he became a local authority on the birds of

ackson County. His work on the local flora must also
have begun at an early age, since his first list of the spe-
cies found in Jackson County was published in 1882. In
pursuing this study he became a correspondent of Dr.
George Engelmann and Dr. Asa Gray, and in later years
his correspondents included most of the botanists of
merica and many abroad.

In 1891 and 1892 he was employed to assist in collect-

ing specimens of wood and other material for the Mis-

70 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

souri forestry exhibit at the Columbian Exposition at
Chicago; and this work took him into many parts of the
state. Later, as a collector for the Missouri Botanical
Garden and the Arnold Arboretum, he extended his ex-
plorations into Arkansas, Oklahoma, Texas, and other
states. Many of his collecting trips were undertaken on
his own account, and he prepared sets of plants and dis-
tributed them to most of the botanical institutions in the
United States and to many in foreign countries. While
carrying on this work he discovered a large number of
plants new to science, and his collections also extended
the known range of hundreds of species.

Mr. Bush was the author of numerous papers on botan-
ical subjects, including plant lists and revisions of a num-
ber of genera. He also frequently contributed notes and
articles of popular interest on the plants and birds of
Missouri to local papers. Many of these were published
in the Kansas City Star, and amongst them were several
on the ferns found in the vicinity of Kansas City.

The study and collection of ferns was always one of Mr.
Bush’s chief interests, and he knew and had discovered
many localities where rare species grew or where ferns
were to be found in the greatest variety. He published
several papers on the ferns of Missouri, Oklahoma, and
Texas, including one of the first extensive lists of the
species found in Texas.

For more than forty years he conducted a general store
and was postmaster at Courtney, a little village situated
in a great bend of the Missouri River 16 miles east of
Kansas City, and it was there that much of his botanical
work was done in the little leisure time he could find from
his duties as merchant and postmaster. Considering the
fact that he was working without the advantages of a
botanical library or herbarium, the amount of work he
accomplished in this field was truly astonishing.

AMERICAN FERN Society ; 71

American botany, and particularly the knowledge of
the flora of his adopted state, owes much to the work of
Benjamin Franklin Bush. He will be remembered by
the large collections of plants which he distributed all
over the world, by the many new plants which he discov-
ered and some of which he described, and by scores of
species which bear his name, as well as by his botanical
writings. He will be missed by a large circle of friends
who were associated with him and by a wider cirele who
knew him only through correspondence and through his
botanical activities——Ernest J. Paumer, Arnold
Arboretum.

Dr. Elisha L. Lee, retired physician and former mem-
ber and vice-president of the Fern Society, died in
Bridgeport, Alabama, Oct. 16, 1936, in the ninety-eighth
year of his age. For a long time he was actively inter-
ested in the ferns of his region and contributed occasional
articles to the Fern Bulletin and at least one to the FERN
JourNAL. Some account of him and of his fern her-
_ barium may be found in Miss McGilliard’s paper on the
hart’s-tongue in Tennessee in vol. 26, no. 4, of the
JOURNAL.

Mr. George Redles, a former member of the Society,
died in Philadelphia, Jan. 20, 1937, aged 76. He was for
a number of years on the staff of Fairmount Park. He
was an excellent field botanist, with a very thorough
knowledge of the country about Philadelphia. Some of
his experiences in exploring it are entertainingly told in
his one article in the Journat—vol. 5, page 52.

During the fourth week in June, 1937, the American
Association for the Advancement of Science and affiliated
organizations will meet in Denver, Colorado. It will not

72 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

be practicable for the American Fern Society to hold a
meeting for the presentation of papers, but if any of our
members expect to attend other meetings and would like
to take part in a field trip to see some of the rare ferns
which grow in the Boulder region, arrangements can be
made, as follows:

Just before the A. A. A. S. meetings open on Sunday,
June 20th, and Monday, June 21st, Mr. D. M. Andrews
of Rockmont Nursery, Boulder, Colorado, has agreed to
guide anyone interested to localities in that vicinity.
Transportation will be furnished to members who so de-
sire. Two from the east (Trudell and Wherry) expect
to be there, and it is hoped that there may be others in-
terested. Write to Mr. Andrews when you will arrive,
and meet the group at the Rockmont Nursery in Boulder.

New members:

Beam, Wesley W., West Point, ene RNS
Bell, Mrs. John 4: Winter Park, rida.

Eddy, Jesse G., 131 Appleton he Pitiahela, Mas

Gumpfer, Mrs. Faith E., Cornell Sin, Churchville, Backs Co., Pa.
Porter, Mrs. Fred, 1503 ‘Chuubetiatn, (Chaliancesa: Tenn.
Ruggles, Mrs. F. G., 73 Carnegie Ave., East Orange, N. J.
Torrey, Raymond H., 99-28 193rd St., Hollis, Queens, N. Y-

Changes of address:

Cheever, Dr. A. W., 464 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. :

Evans, Miss Lucile, 2125 Kenwood Blvd., Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Lewis, Rev. Charles §., Kinderhook, N. Y,

McAvoy, Miss Binache, 108 West Ash St., Norwal, Tllinois.

Spawn, William, 3730 McKinley St., N. 'W., Wackingten: D. ©.

The American Horticultural Society, Inc., of Wash-
ington, D. C. has invited the President of the American
Fern Society to become an honorary vice-president. They
propose to review in the National Horticultural Magazine —
all our articles that are of horticultural interest, as wi
as announce our meetings and trips.

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American Fern Journal

A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO FERNS
Published by the

AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY

CONTENTS

Vacationing among Tennessee Ferns. ......J. M. SHAVER 73
Ferns of Hardin County, Kentucky....... G. K. Honsert 91
A Further Note on Salvinia. . _....C, A. WEeaTHERBY 98

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Amprircan Fern Journal

Vou. 27 JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1937 No. 3

Vacationing Among Tennessee Ferns
JESSE M. SHAVER

The old camera and tripod were stored in the back of
the car; plant presses with an abundance of driers and
ventilators and an old suitcase of clothes were packed in
the trunk. Vacation time had arrived and with it the
desire to climb the mountains of East Tennessee and col-
lect and photograph the ferns found there. With my
friend, Harry Monk, of Nashville, an indefatigable and
accurate student of birds, I left Nashville on the morning
of August 29, 1935. The plan was to stop along the
road at any place that looked attractive and stay as long
as we liked. I collected and photographed plants during
the daytime and pressed them in the evening while my
companion concentrated mainly on the birds. It seemed
_ Unwise to stop at the station of Scott’s Spleenwort
(x Asplenium ebenoides) at the Mount View School
(Shaver, 1934) since it had been visited not many weeks
before and found to be in an unusually flourishing con-
dition, with only two plants present, however; or at the
power plant dam at Rock Island where occurs the finest
growth of Venus-hair Fern (Adiantum Capillus-Veneris)
with which I am acquainted. There are masses of this
fern along the bluff for perhaps three hundred yards with
Some of the fronds three or four feet long. The situation

[Volume 27, No. 2 of the JourNAL, pages 41-72, plates 2 and 3,
Was issued June 4, 1937.]

73

74 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

is usually favorable with so much water running over the
bluff all of the year from the aqueduct above. Many
other interesting ferns are here but only the Bulblet Fern
(Cystopteris bulbifera) occurs in any abundance. There
is, however, a nice growth of the Field Horsetail (Hqui-
setum arvense) at the foot of the bluff.

Even many of the places where we stopped and many
of the ferns that we collected cannot be mentioned—the
trip was too long (21 days), the notes too voluminous, the
ferns too numerous (more than a thousand specimens
were pressed), and too many photographs were taken
(186 to be exact). Only the outstanding ‘‘finds’’ can be
considered and these in a rather brief and unsatisfactory
manner.

A stop was made on the side of the Cumberland Plateau
just above Sparta, in White County, where the Field
Horsetail (Equisetum arvense) grows along the road
bank. This horsetail is always of interest to us on ac-
count of its apparent rarity in Tennessee (I know of only
seven stations in the state—the two mentioned above, two
at Reelfoot Lake, Obion Co.; one near Kingston Springs,
Cheatham Co.; one near Donelson, Davidson Co.; and one
near Kingston, Roane Co. An additional station at Cave
Spring, East Tennessee, was given by Gattinger (1901, -
p. 30) but I have not been able to visit this place as yet.
We hoped to find Lloyd’s Club-moss (Lycopodium poro-
philum) here since some of my students had collected it
here on July 4. In this we were successful, this Lyco-
podium being very common on the sandstone escarpment
of the plateau in wet places. A small amount of Maiden-
hair Spleenwort (Asplenium Trichomanes) not previ-
ously found here was discovered. In addition the usual
ferns of a very damp shady woodland were found. The
most interesting of these was probably the very large and
beautiful Goldie’s Fern. This fern is fairly common im

VACATIONING AMONG TENNESSEE FERNS 75

such situations on the west side of the Cumberland
Plateau. The American Shield-fern (Thelypteris spinu-
losa intermedia) was also common here. In the Cumber-
land Plateau region, it is usually found with Goldie’s
fern. This fern is not nearly as scarce as Anderson
(1930-1931, p. 147) indicated.

Many stops were made on top of the Cumberland
Plateau to see the magnificent masses of Cinnamon-fern
(Osmunda cinnamomea) and Royal Fern (Osmunda
regalis spectabilis) along the small marsh-like streams.
One of these stops was at Caney Fork near Pleasant Hil
where I had previously found eighteen species of ferns
and the Ground-pine (Lycopodium obscurum) and
Creeping Selaginella (Selaginella apus) within a radius
of two hundred yards—an unusual collection for Ten-
nessee. This group included the dainty Climbing-fern
(Lygodium palmatum) so common near streams in open
areas on this plateau. On this trip another fern, the Net-
veined Chain-fern (Woodwardia areolata) was added to
those known to be growing on the Caney Fork here.

Another interesting area is around Daddy’s Creek
about five miles east of Crossville where only common
ferns of the plateau were found. Two or three pleasant
hours were spent at the falls of Fall Creek at Ozone and
the gorge below. A total of sixteen species of common
ferns and one Ground-pine (Lycopodium obscurum)
were found. The great number of species of ferns found
at this place was due in part to the upper escarpment
being of sandstone and the lower escarpment of limestone.
Bluntlobed Woodsia (Woodsia obtusa) was found here,
but only rarely oceurs in the mountains in sandstone
Sections. It seems to prefer limestone areas (Woodruff,
1935, p. 281). Only a brief glance was given to the area
around Mammy’s Creek since this had been studied on
earlier trips. It is an extremely interesting area from

76 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

the view-point of the fern student because of the number
of species present. Here is the last station for the Climb-
ing Fern before entering the Valley of East Tennessee.
The limestone bluff on the Clinch River opposite King-
ston has a big group of limestone ferns—altogether twelve
species and the Field Horsetail. It was interesting to us
to find the Common Polypody (Polypodium virginianum)
growing on a limestone ledge. It is very rare to find this
fern growing on any rock but sandstone in Tennessee.
Four days were spent on and around Mt. LeConte in
the Smoky Mountain National Park: on the Cherokee
Orchard Trail, the Bear Pen Hollow Trail, the Roaring
Fork Trail, and the New Found Gap Trail. These trips
were mainly on foot and on only one day did we get
rained on. Since the Cherokee Orchard Trail is the
easiest and most traveled trail up Mt. LeConte, it might
be interesting to list the ferns that may be met in an
ascent by this route. Before reaching Mr. Whittle’s cot-
tage from Gatlinburg, one should see by the road: Christ-
mas-fern (Polystichum acrostichoides), New York Fern
(Thelypteris noveboracensis), Ebony Spleenwort (As-
plenium platyneuron), Southern Lady-fern (Athyrium
asplenioides), Hay-scented Fern (Dennstaedtia puneti-
lobula), Broad Beech-fern (Thelypteris hexagonoptera),
Maiden-hair Fern (Adiantum pedatum), and the Bracken
(Pteridium latiusculum pseudocaudatum). Back of Mr.
Whittle’s cottage occurs the Climbing Fern (Lygodiwm
palmatum) and many other ferns obviously transplanted
into his yard. No one was at home at the time of our
visit and so we were unable to find out whether the climb-
ing fern was growing here naturally. As far as I can
discover, this is the only station known for the climbing
fern in the Smoky Mountain region. By the stream above
Mr. Whittle’s place are the grape ferns (Botrychium dis-
sectum and B. dissectum obliquum). These are not rare

VACATIONING AMONG TENNESSEE FERNS 77

ferns in the Smokies but occur together at appropriate
habitats in many places in Sevier County. I found them
very common by the Roaring Fork Trail during the first
two or three miles and at several places on Jake’s Creek
above Elkmont. Dr. Dickerson has told me of an addi-
tional station near Jake’s Creek and says that they are
very common in the mountains of Cocke County. With
the exception of the station near Mr. Whittle’s place,
these are all new stations for these two ferns in Tennessee.
The Cinnamon Fern is very abundant just above Mr.
Whittle’s place.

Between Cherokee Orchards and Rainbow Falls, these
additional ferns may be seen: Common Polypody (Poly-
podium virginianum), Evergreen Wood-fern (Thelyp-
teris marginalis), Brittle Fern (Cystopteris fragilis),
American Shield-fern (Thelypteris spinulosa ‘inter-
media), Mountain Spleenwort (Asplenium montanum),
Virginia Grape-fern (Botrychium virginianum), Shining
Club-moss (Lycopodium lucidulum), Silvery Spleenwort
(Athyrium acrostichoides), and Maidenhair Spleenwort
(Asplenium Trichomanes). Between Rainbow Falls and
the top of Mt. LeConte, I have only found one additional
Species, the Spreading Shield-fern (Thelypteris spinulosa
americana). Thus one may easily see twenty species or
varieties of ferns and one club-moss on the trip from Gat-
linburg to the top of Mt. LeConte.

The Bear Pen Hollow Trail adds no ferns to the above
list. Along this trail however is the Ground-pine (Lyco-
podium obscurum) not found by me on the Cherokee
Orchard Trail. On none of the other trails up Mt. Le-
Conte were other ferns found except one on the Roaring
Fork Trail, namely, the Narrow-leaved Spleenwort
(Athyrium angustifolium).

The rest of our studies at this part of the park and
around Elkmont added nothing of importance to our

738 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

studies until we started down Little River from Elkmont.
By the road we found the Woolly Lip-fern (Cheilanthes
tomentosa) on a rock in Blount County. This we believe
is a new station for this fern in Tennessee. Further on
at Kinzel Springs we saw this fern at the station discov-
ered by Anderson in 1929 (Anderson, 1930-1931, p. 20).
We also visited later on this trip the station in the gorge
of Tellico River (Monroe Co.) found in 1882 by
A. G. Weatherby and the station on the Nolichucky River
' mentioned by Knight (1933, p. 28).

We found the region around Kinzel Springs to ‘Ae ex-
ceptionally rich in ferns. This was the only place in
Blount County that we saw the Hairy Lip-fern (Cheul-
anthes lanosa). The trip over Rich Mountain, through
Cades Cove, and on the side of Gregory Bald furnished
many of the common ferns. The occurrence of the Ter-
nate Grape-fern (Botrychium dissectum obliquum) in
abundance near the foot of Gregory Bald without a single
plant of the Cut-leaved Grape-fern (Botrychium dissec-
tum) being discovered in spite of very careful search on
our part, is of interest. This is the way I have found it
on the Cumberland Plateau (Cumberland County),
around Nashville (Davidson County), and in Chester
County, west Tennessee. This fact is interesting in con-
nection with the discussion of the specifie or varietal
status of these two ferns (Graves, 1932).

Two days were spent in Monroe County and twenty-
nine species of ferns studied and collected. A trip was
made up the Tellico River to about the North Carolina
line and also to the top of Haw Knob—the highest peak
in the county. On the lower stretches of the river, we
found the station for the Woolly Lip-fern (Cheilanthes
tomentosa) and the other ferns collected here by
Weatherby (Anderson, 1930-1931). The trip to the
White Cliff Springs on Starr Mountain was partially suc-

VACATIONING AMONG TENNESSEE FERNS 79

cessful. Here we found the usual common ferns, the
Net-veined Chain-fern (Woodwardia areolata) and the
Sensitive fern (Onoclea sensibilis) but failed to find the
Climbing-fern found in 1890 by Scribner (Anderson,
1930-1931, p. 63).

One of the most interesting spots visited in this county
was the entrance and exit of Sinkhole Creek into and out
of a hill. This is a limestone region and possessed. the
usual limestone ferns. A rather rare fern for East Ten-
nessee, the Alabama Lip-fern (Cheilanthes alabamensis)
was common. This is a new station for this fern, pre-
viously unknown from this county. These trips were so
successful largely because of the kind guidance of Dean
T. A. Frick of Hiwasee College, Madisonville.

An exceptionally interesting and profitable stop was
made on the French Broad River above Newport (Cocke
Co.). <A total of sixteen species were seen and collected,
including Clayton’s Fern (Osmunda Claytoniana). This
was the first time that we had seen this fern in East Ten-
nessee since we failed to find it on Roaring Fork trail up
Mt. LeConte where it had been found earlier by Anderson
(1930-1931, p. 67). Later we found it on the Nolichucky
River above Erwin (Unicoi Co.). Many plants at each
place had old fertile pinnae. We believe that these are
new stations for this fern.

There is a thrill in anticipation but we found that there
is a greater thrill in actually seeing a sure enough rare
fern. Following the instructions given by Knight (1933,
pp. 27-28) we found the station of the Rocky Mountain
Woodsia (Woodsia scopulina) on the Nolichucky River
above Erwin (Unicoi Co.) in abundance. Here also was
an abundance of Rock Selaginella (Selaginella rupestris ).
This was the first time that I had ever seen this Selagi-
nella in Tennessee in spite of intensive search. My lack
of success in finding this Selaginella had disturbed me

80 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

quite a little since Gattinger (1901, p. 31) reported it
from ‘‘over the state.’’ There were five species of ferns,
namely, Woolly Lip-fern (Cheilanthes tomentosa), Hairy
Lip-fern (Cheilanthes lanosa), Maidenhair Spleenwort
(Asplenium Trichomanes), Gray Polypody (Polypodium
polypodioides), Rocky Mountain Woodsia (Woodsia
scopulina), and Small Spleenwort (Asplenium resiliens),
and this Selagznella on a single large rock.

Roan Mountain proved a very interesting spot but fur-
nished no unusual species of ferns.

Our brief studies on the Cumberland Plateau in Fen-
tress County uncovered only common ferns for the pla-
teau, including the Climbing Fern (Lygodium palma-
tum). As far as I am aware this fern has not previously
been reported from this county.

Many stops were made in Cumberland County but the
species found were those that I had previously found at
other stations in this county. My present list includes
twenty-six species of ferns, one Ground-pine and one
Selaginella from this county. Although some stops were
made in Putnam County and I have quite a respectable
list of ferns from there, no report on these will be made,
for my friend Dr. Bartoo of Tennessee Polytechnic Insti-
tute is making an intensive study of the ferns of this
eounty which he plans to publish.

The Grundy County study furnished the usual types of
mountain ferns in abundance plus Bradley’s Spleenwort
(Asplenium Bradleyi). This fern has not previously
been known from this county. This station is by highway
108 about 2.5 miles east of Palmer, in the usual situation
for this species.

About two days were spent in Marion County. The
station of the Virginia Chain-fern (Woodwardia virgin-
ica) discovered by Mr. Hobart Massey was finally found
and photographed. A visit was made to the Hart’s-

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VOLUME 27, PLATE 4

\

IRGINIA CHAIN-FERN IN THE CUMBERLAND PLATEAU OF TENNESSEE.

82 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

tongue Fern (Phyllitis Scolopendrium) habitat near
South Pittsburg and to a station of Pinnatifid Spleen-
wort (Asplentum pinnatifidum) near Martin Springs.
Altogether my list of Marion County ferns totals twenty-
nine. These will not be discussed here since my friend
Mr. Hobart Massey is studying the ferns of this county
and will, I am sure, publish a paper on them shortly.

The studies in Hamilton and Rhea Counties disclosed
nothing new and so will be passed over quickly. The
studies in Polk County were very interesting and in-
cluded all of the ferns found here by Gattinger in 1878
with the exception of the Woolly Lip-fern (Cheilanthes
tomentosa) which we failed to find. Altogether, twenty-
four species of ferns were found in Polk County includ-
ing a station for the Venus-hair Fern (Adiantum Capil-
lus-Veneris) previously unknown for this county. Gat-
tinger (1901, p. 29) gave only two stations for this fern
in Tennessee. Besides the station mentioned above for
Polk County, which is on the highway by the Ocoee River,
about five miles above Parksville, and the station at Rock
Island mentioned earlier in this paper, I know of two
other stations for this fern in Tennessee. One is at Snail
Shell Cave near Murfreesboro, Rutherford County (I am
indebted to Professor George Davis of the Middle Ten-
nessee State Teachers College for showing me this sta-
tion) and the other is by the railroad bluff southwest of
Ladd’s Station, Marion County. _

On the entire vacation of twenty-one days a total of
forty-one species of ferns, three elub-mosses and two
Selaginellas were studied in seventeen Tennessee counties,
mainly in the eastern half of the state. Extensive collec-
tions were made of all species studied with the exception
of the Hart’s-tongue fern. This fern is so reduced in
amount that no real botanist worthy of the name would
take a single frond. The collection was purposely made

VACATIONING AMONG TENNESSEE FERNS 83

large in order that it might adequately represent distri-
bution.
DISTRIBUTION OF THE FERNS STUDIED

Woopsia oprusa (Spreng.) Torr. Near foot of Falls on Fall
Creek at Ozone (Cumberland Co.) ; near entrance of Sinkhole Creek
into sinkhole near Tellico Plains (Monroe Co.) ; by Ocoee River five
miles up the river from Parksville (Polk Co.).

YSTOPTERIS BULBIFERA (L.) Bernh. Foot of falls on Fall Creek
at Ozone (Cumberland Co.) ; bluffs across Clinch River from Kings-
ton (Roane Co.); sinkhole where Sinkhole Creek enters and leaves
hill near Tellico Plains (Monroe Co.) ; by Ocoee River up the river
from Parksville (Polk Co.).

CYSTOPTERIS FRAGILIS (L.) Bernh. Cherokee Orchard,1 Bear Pen
Hollow, and Roaring Fork trails up Mt. LeConte (Sevier Co. )5 ;

to south about one mile down Little River from Kinzel Springs
(Blount Co.) ; Red Ankle Creek (Monroe Co.) ; French Broad River
up river from Newport (Cocke Co.) ; ravine up Ocoee River about
five miles from Parksville (Polk Co.).

ONOCLEA SENSIBILIS L. Caney Fork near Pleasant Hill (Cum-
berland Co.) ; White Cliff Spring on Starr Mt. (Monroe Co.) ; two
miles from Monroe County line on highway 30 (Blount Co.) ; up
French Broad River from Newport (Cocke Co.

THELYPTERIS NOVEBORACENSIS (L.) Nieuwl. Caney Fork near
Pleasant Hill, Daddy’s Creek near Crossville, Fall Creek near Ozone,
Clear Creek, Obey River (Cumberland Co.); bluff across Clinch
River from Kingston (Roane Co.); Cherokee Orchard, Bear Pen
Hollow, and Roaring Fork trails up Mt. LeConte, Jake’s Creek above
Elkmont (Sevier Co.); Little River near Elkmont, side of Rich

tn., ravine at Kinzell Springs, foot of iia fe ’s Bald (Blount
Co.); Tellico River gorge, Haw Knob (Monroe Co.); up French
Broad River from Newport (Cocke Co.) ; up Nolichueky River from
Erwin (Unicoi Co); between Roan Mt. village and Burbank (Carter

¥.
Co.) ; Grand View on Cumberland Plateau (Rhea Co

a qpeancee: stations are separated by a comma, separate counties
by a semicolon

Altamont (Grundy Co.); up Ocoee River from Parksville (Polk
+).

84 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

TJHELYPTERIS MARGINALIS (L.) Nieuwl. Side of Cumberland
Plateau near Sparta (White Co.); Caney Fork near Pleasant Hill,
Fall Creek gorge at Ozone, Clear Creek, Obey River (Cumberland
Co.) ; bluff across Clinch River from Kingston (Roane Co.) ; Chero-
kee Orchard, Bear Pen Hollow, and Roaring Fork trails up Mt.
LeConte, Jake’s Creek above Elkmont (Sevier Co.); Little River
near Elkmont, Kinzel Springs, foot of Gregory ’s Bald afersinbors Co. fi :
Tellico River gorge, Haw Knob, Starr Mtn. (Monroe Co.); u
French Broad River from Newport (Cocke 00); ; up N aueks
River from Erwin (Unicoi Co.); side of Roan Mt. (Carter Co.) ;
Clear Creek (Fentress Co.) ; near Palmer (Grundy Co.); up Ocoee
River from Parksville (Polk Co.) ; Falling Water Creek (Hamilton
Co.) ; near Grand View (Rhea Co.).

THELYPTERIS GOLDIANA (Hooker) Nieuwl. Side of Cumberland
Plateau above Sparta (White Co.).

YPTERIS SPINULOSA (O. F. Muell.) Nieuwl, var. INTERMEDIA

oo ) Nieuwl. Side of Cumberland Plateau above Sparta (White

Co.) ; gorge below Ozone on — Creek (Cumberland prs Chero-

kee Orchards, Bear Pen Hollow, Roaring Fork, and New Found

Gap trails to Mt. LeConte, ie s Creek above eigbiind: (Sevier

Co.) ; Kinzel Springs, foot of Gregory’s Bald (Blount Co.); Haw
ob (Monroe Co.) ; Roan Mtn. (Carter Co.).

THELYPTERIS SPINULOSA (O. F. Muell.) Nieuwl. var. AMERICANA
(Fischer) Weatherby. Fir-spruce zone on Mt. LeConte and Mt.
Kephart to New Found Gap (Sevier Co.); Haw Knob, (Monroe
Co.) ; top of Roan Mtn. (Carter Co.).

THELYPTERIS HEXAGONOPTERA (Michx.) Weatherby. Bank of
Barren Fork River across from McMinnville (Warren Co.) ; side of

cea shi e Co.) ; Cherokee Ora and Roaring Fork trails
up Mt. LeConte (Sevier Co.); Little River near Elkmont, Kinzel
Springs, foot of Gregory’s Bald is Co.) ; Tellico River gorge,
Starr Mtn., Red Ankle Creek (Monroe Co.) ; up French Broad River
from Newport (Cocke Co.); up Nolichucky River from Erwin
(Unicoi Co.); near Burbank, near Hampton (Carter Co.); near
Jamestown (Fentress Co.) ; Beersheba Springs (Grundy Co.).

POLYSTICHUM ACROSTICHOIDES (Michx.) Schott. Found at almost
every stop in all seventeen counties but most abundant and

VACATIONING AMONG TENNESSEE FERNS 85

luxuriant where the soil overlaid limestone. Not found much above
500 feet in the high mountains.

DENNSTAEDTIA PUNCTILOBULA eau Moore. Caney Fork near
Pleasant Hill, Daddy’s Creek near Crossville, gorge of Fall Creek
near Ozone, Clear Creek, Obey River (Cumberland Co.); from foot
to top of Mt. LeConte on all trails, Jake’s Creek above Elkmont
(Sevier Co.) ; along Little River, Rich Mtn., Kinzel Springs, foot of
Gregory’s Bald (Blount Co.); Tellico River gorge, Haw Knob

(Fentress Co.) ; near Palmer (Grundy Co.) ; near top of Little Frog
Mtn. on Ducktown side (Polk Co.); near Grand View on Cumber-
land Mtn. (Rhea Co.)

ATHYRIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM (Michx.) Milde. Roaring Fork Trail
up Mt. LeConte (Sevier Co.) ; Kinzel Springs (Blount Co.); Starr
t. (Monroe Co.).

ATHYRIUM ACROSTICHOIDES '(Sw.) Diels. Side of Cumberland
Plateau above Sparta (White Co.); found on all trails (Cherokee
Orchard, Roaring Fork, New Found Gap, and Bear Pen Hollow)
to Mt. nte, Jake’s Creek above Elkmont (Sevier Co.) ; Kinzel
Springs (Blount Co.); up French Broad River from Newport
(Cocke Co.); up the Nolichueky River from Erwin (Unicoi Co.) ;
side of Roan Mtn. (Carter Co.); near top of Little Frog Mtn. on
Kemzie highway (Polk Co.).

ATHYRIUM ASPLENIOIDES (Michx.) Desv. Across Barren Fork
River from McMinnville (Warren Co.) ; marsh near Crossville, gorge
of Fall Creek near Ozone, Obey River (Cumberland Co.); bluff
across Clinch River from Kingston (Roane Co.) ; from foot to top of

t. LeConte at intervals on all trails we traveled, up Jake’s Creek
from Elkmont (Sevier Co.) ; foot of Gregory’s Bald (Blount Co.) ;
Tellico River gorge, Haw Knob, Starr Mtn. (Monroe Co.); up
French Broad River from Newport (Cocke Co.); up Nolichucky

by Falling Water Creek = n Co.); near Grand View on
Cumberland Plateau (Rhea C

PHYLLITIS SCOLOPENDRIUM (L.) Newm. Near South Pittsburg
(Marion Co.).

86 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

CAMPTOSORUS RHIZOPHYLLUs (L.) Link. Side of Cumberland
Plateau above nude (White Co.); bluff across Clinch River from
ee (Roane Co.); Kinzel Springs (Blount Co.) ; Sinkhole
Creek n Netiiee Plains, Red Ankle Creek (Monroe Co.); knobs
west ee Sevierville (Sevier Co.); up French Broad River from
Newport (Cocke Co.); Clear Creek (Cumberland Co.); Falling
Water Creek Haale Co.).

ASPLENIUM PINNATIFIDUM Nutt. Sequatchie Valley side of Cum-
berland Plateau near Monteagle (Marion Co.).

ASPLENIUM TRICHOMANES L, Side of Cumberland Plateau above
Sparta (White Co.) ; near Rainbow Falls on Cherokee Orchard trail
and on lower part of Roaring Fork trail up Mt. LeConte (Sevier
Co.) ; Little River (Blount Co.) ; Tellico River gorge (Monroe Co.) ;
up French Broad River from Newport (Cocke Co.) ; up Nolichucky
River from Erwin (Unicoi Co.); Falling Water Creek (Hamilton
Co.).

ASPLENIUM RESILIENS Kze. Bluff across Clinch River from
Kingston Lge e Co.) ; side of Rich Mtn. (Blount Co.) ; entrance
of Sinkhole Creek into hill near Tellico Plains, Red Ankle sage
(Monroe ea ); up Nolichucky River from Erwin (Unicoi Co.) ;
Oceoee River above Parksville (Polk Co.); Falling Water par
(Hamilton Co.).

ASPLENIUM PLATYNEURON (L.) Oakes. “Across Barren Fork River
from MeMinnville (Warren Co.); Daddy’s Creek near Crossville,
ie of Fall Creek near Ozone, Obey River, Clear Creek (Cumber-

d Co.) ; bluff across Clinch River from Kingston (Roane Co.) ;
near Gatlinburg, Cherokee Orchard and Roaring Fork trails up Mt.
LeConte, up Jake’s Creek from Elkmont, knobs two miles west of
Sevierville (Sevier Co.); along Little River near Elkmont, Kinzel
Springs, foot of Gregory’s Bald (Blount Co.); gorge a Tellico
River, along road from Mt. Vernon to White Cliff Springs, Start
Mtn., entrance of Sinkhole Creek into hill near Tellico Plains (Mon-
roe Co.); up Nolichueky River from Erwin (Unicoi Co.); near
Hampton (Carter Co.); Clear Creek (Fentress Co.) ; near Palmer
(Grundy Co.) ; up Ocoee River from omtwas top of Little Frog
Mtn. (Polk Co.) ; Falling Water Creek (H m Co.).

SPLENIUM BrapLEyt D. C. Eaton. About two miles east of
path on highway 108 rae Co.

VACATIONING AMONG TENNESSEE FERNS 87

ASPLENIUM MONTANUM Willd. Side of Cumberland Plateau
above Sparta (White Co.); Caney Fork River near Pleasant Hill,
gorge of Fall Creek near Ozone, Obey River (Cumberland Co.) ;
Cherokee Orchard, Roaring Fork, Bear Pen Hollow, and New Found
Gap trails to Mt. LeConte (Sevier Co.); gorge of Tellico River
(Monroe Co.) ; near Palmer (Grundy Co.).

ASPLENIUM CRYPTOLEPIS Fernald. Bluff across Clinch River from
Kingston (Roane Co.); entrance of Sinkhole Creek into hill near
Tellico Plains (Monroe Co.).

Woopwarpra AREOLATA (L.) Moore. Caney Fork River near
Pleasant Hill, Clear Creek (Cumberland Co.) ; near top of Starr
Mtn. (Monroe Co.).

Woopwarpta VIRGINICA (L.) Sm. Near Grundy County line on
highway 108 (Marion Co.).

PELLAEA ATROPURPUREA (L.) Link. Gorge of Fall Creek near
Ozone (Cumberland Co.) ; bluffs across Clinch River from Kingston
(Roane Co.) ; five miles from Kinzel Springs on road to Rich Mtn.
(Blount Co.); entrance of Sinkhole Creek into hill near Tellico
Plains (Monroe Co.) ; Falling Water Creek (Hamilton Co.).

CHEILANTHES ALABAMENSIS (Buckley) Kze. Entrance of Sink-
hole Creek into hill near Tellico Plains (Monroe Co.).

Cc THES LANOSA (Michx.) Watt. Railroad bluff at Kinzel
Springs (Blount Co.); gorge of Tellico River (Monroe Co.); UP
Nolichucky River from Erwin (Unicoi Co.) ; near Hampton (Carter
Co.).

CHEILANTHES TOMENTOSA Link. Little River near Elkmont, Kin-
zel Springs (Blount Co.); gorge Tellico River (Monroe Co
Nolichucky River from Erwin (Unicoi Co.) ; near Hampton (Carter
Co.). :

ADIANTUM PepaTuM L. Gorge of Fall Creek near Ozone (Cum-
berland Co.) ; bluff across Clinch River from Kingston (Roane Co.) ;
(Sevier

rings, foot of
Gregory’s Bald (Blount Co.); gorge of Tellico Plains, Starr Mtn.,
le Creek (Monroe Co.); knobs two mi

ville (Sevier Co.); up French Broad River from Newport (Cocke
Co.); up Nolichucky River from Erwin (Unicoi Co.); near Bur-

88 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

bank (Carter Co.); up Ocoee River from Parksville (Polk Co.) ;
near Grand View (Rhea Co. ); side of Cumberland Plateau above
Sparta (White Co.).

ADIANTUM CAPILLUS-VENERIS L. Up Ocoee River from Parks-
ville (Polk Co.).

PTERIDIUM LATIUSCULUM (Desv.) Hieron., var. PSEUDOCAUDATUM
(Clute) Maxon. Caney Fork River near Pleasant Hill, marsh near
Crossville, Daddy ’s Creek near Crossville, gorge of Fall Creek near
Ozone, Obey River (Cumberland Co.); Cherokee Orchard trail up
Mt. LeConte, up Jake’s Creek from Elkmont (Sevier Co.) ; Tellico
River gorge, Starr Mtn. (Monroe Co.); up French Broad River
from Newport (Cocke Co.); near Jamestown (Fentress Co.) ; near
Palmer (Grundy Co.); up Ocoee River from Parksville (Polk Co.) ;
near Grand View (Rhea Co.).

POLYPODIUM VIRGINIANUM L, Side of Cumberland Plateau above
Sparta (White Co.); Caney Fork near Mt. Pleasant, gorge of Fall

LeConte (Sevier Co.); Little River near Blount Co. line, foot of

PEGS 8 sage (Blount Co.); Tellico River gorge (Monroe Co. es
Mtn. (Carter Co.) ; Clear Creek atom Co.) 3° F

ing > Water ‘Groat (Hamilton Co. eS

POLYPoproM POLYPODIOIDES (L.) Watt. Bluff by railroad at

nt
entrance of Sinkhole Creek into hill near Tellico Springs, Red
Ankle Creek (Monroe Co.) ; up French Broad River from Newport
(Cocke Co.) ; up Nolichucky River from Erwin (Unicoi Co.) ; Beer-
sheba Springs (Grundy Co.) ; Falling Water Creek * (Hamilton Co.).

LYGODIUM PALMATUM (Bernh.) Sw. Caney Fork River near
Pleasant Hill, Daddy’s Creek near Crossville, Mammy’s Creek,
Clear Creek, Obey River (Cumberland Co.); Clear Creek (Fentress
Co.).

OSMUNDA REGALIs L. var. SPECTABILIS (Willd.) Gray. Daddy’s
Creek near Pea Lass of Fall near Ozone, Clear Cree’
(Cumberland Co.); near Jamestown, Clear Creek (Fentress Co.) ;
up ie rt ie Parksville (Polk Co.); near Grand View
(Rhea Co.).

VACATIONING AMONG TENNESSEE FERNS 89

OsMuNDA CLayTon1Ana L. Up French Broad River from New-
port (Cocke Co.); up Nolichucky River from Erwin (Unicoi Co.) ;
near Burbank (Carter Co.).

OSMUNDA CINNAMOMEA L. Caney Fork River near Pleasant Hill,
marsh near Crossville, Daddy’s Creek near Crossvi ille, — of Fall
Creek near Ozone, Clear Cree k, Obey RB: Sixes and Co.);
Cherokee Ye nalon Roaring Fork t eas up ahs LeConte (Sevier
Co.) ; Rich Mtn., Foot of Gregory ’s Bald (Blount Co.) ; Tellico River
gorge, Starr Mtn. (Monroe Co.) ; up Nolichucky River from Erwin
(Unicoi Co.) ; near Burbank (Carter Co.); near Jamestown, Clear
Creek (Fentress Co.) ; ten miles west of Palmer (Grundy Co.) ; up
Ocoee River from Parksville, near top Little Frog Mtn. (Polk Co.) ;
near Grand View (Rhea Co.).

BorryYCHIUM DISSECTUM Spreng. Cherokee Orchard, and Roar-
ing Fork trails up Mt. LeConte, up Jake’s Creek from Elkmont
(Sevier Co.) ; up the Nolichucky River from Erwin (Unicoi Co.).

BoTRYCHIUM DISSECTUM Spreng. var. ple (Muhl.) Clute.
Cherokee Orchard, and Roaring Fork trails up Mt. LeConte, up
Jake’s Creek pai Elkmont (Sevier Co.) ; se of Gregory’s Bald
(Blount Co.) ; up French Broad River from Newport (Cocke Co.) ;
up Nolichucky River from Erwin (Unicoi Co.); Obey River (Cum-
berland 0.).

OTRYCHIUM VIRGINIANUM (L.) Sw. Side of Cumberland Plateau
above Sparta (White Co.) ; Cherokee Orchards, and Bear Pen Hol-
low trails up Mt. LeConte (Sevier Co.); foot of Gregory’s Bald
(Blount Co.) ; up French Broad River from Newport (Cocke Co.) ;
Beersheba Springs (Grundy Co.); near top of Little Frog Mtn.

Ik Co.).

EQUISETUM ARVENSE L. Side of Cumberland Plateau above
Sparta (White Co.); base of bluff across Clinch River from
Kingston (Roane Co.).

Lycopopium LucipuLUM Michx. Cherokee Orchards, Bear Pen
Hollow, and New Found Gap trails up Mt. LeConte (Sevier Co.) ;
side of Roan Mtn. (Carter Co.).

LycopopiuM PporopHitum Lloyd and Underw. Side of Cumber-
land Plateau above Sparta (White Co.).

Lycopopium ogscurum L. Caney Fork near Pleasant Hill, gorge

90 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

ef Fall Creek near Ozone, Clear Creek (Cumberland Co.) ; Bear Pen
Hollow trail up Mt. LeConte (Sevier Co.).

SELAGINELLA RUPESTRIS (L.) Spring. Up Nolichucky River from
rwin (Unicoi Co.).
BIBLIOGRAPHY oe

Anderson, W. A. 1929. The pe of Tennessee. Univ. Tenn.
Rec., Extension Series, 6: 1-40 (No. 1).

1930-1931. A List of Tennessee Ferns. Amer. Fern

Sox, 20: 143-150 (No. 4); 21: 11-20 hs sigohitee (No. 2).

Britton, N. L., and Hon. Addison Brown. An Illistrated

Flora of yo Northern United State, seen and the British

. I. New : :

Endsley, J. R. 1935. A Preliminary Report on the Ferns of

Hcagsed County, Tennessee. Jour. Tenn. Acad. Sci., 10: 106—-
110.

pe, Augustin. 1901. The Flora of Tennessee and a Philos-
ophy of Botany. Pp. 1-296. Nashville. Gospel Advocate
Publishing Co.
Graves, E. W. se Visit to Sand Mountain, Alabama. Amer.
Fern Jour., 20: 22-25.
1932 he Botrychiums of Indiana. Amer. Fern Jour.,

: 48-52.
Kale William A. 1933. Woodsia scopulina in Tennessee. Amer.
n Jour, 23: 27-28.

pause B. L., and M. L. Fernald. 1908. Gray’s New Manual of
Botany. 7th Ed. New York. American Book Co.
Shaver, Jesse M. 1934. Scott’s Spleenwort in Tennessee. Amer.
Fern Jour,, 24: 39-42.
—— J. Ke: and Aaron J. Sharp. 1933. Notes on Tennessee
Ferns, mer. Fern Jour., 23: 98-99.
Woodruff, Nathan H. 1935-1936. Soil Acidity at the Roots of
ome Tennessee Pteridophytes. Jour. Tenn. Acad. Sci., 10:
276-290; 11: 31-54.

GrorGE PEABODY COLLEGE FoR TEACHERS
NASHVILLE, TENN.

Ferns or Harpin County, Kentucky 91

Ferns of Hardin County, Kentucky
GrorGE K. Houpert

Hardin County, one of the largest counties of the State,
is situated in north-central Kentucky. Its fern flora is
no doubt more or less typical of many other counties.
The original county, formed in 1792, exceeded in size the
State of Delaware, and from it have been carved in whole
or in part thirteen present counties. It is easily accessible,
being traversed by the main lines of the Louisville & Nash-
ville and the Illinois Central Railroads and bordering the
Ohio River on the north. The Dixie Highway, spanning
the country from north to south, and the Central High-
way, from east to west, cross each other in the county-
Seat, Elizabethtown, some twenty-five miles northeast of
which is ‘‘My Old Kentucky Home,’’ where Stephen Col-
lins Foster wrote the famous song of that name; while
half as far to the southeast is the birthplace of Abraham
Lincoln, now a national shrine, and twice as far to the
South is the Mammoth Cave, one of the natural wonders
of the world.

Topographically, Hardin County may be divided into
three characteristic sections: Muldraugh’s Hill in the
northern part, a continuation of the chain of scenic hills
known in Indiana as The Knobs; the ‘‘barrens’’ in the
central part, and undulating plains in the southern part.
On the high points of Muldraugh’s Hill is a thin forma-
tion of Warsaw rock and lower down the eroded sides
Sandstones, shales and limestones, with frequent wet-
Weather springs and waterfalls. Passing to the south
from Elizabethtown one encounters a cherty limestone of
the St. Louis group, which disintegrates easily, forming
@ somewhat reddish but productive soil that enters largely
into the once noted wheat-lands. A large portion of the
Surface rock of the county is sub-carboniferous and fre-

92 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

quent ‘‘sinkholes,’’ and not infrequent caverns, are inci-
dent to this formation.

The county lies along the Ohio and Salt Rivers on the
north and the Rolling Fork on the northeast, while the
southern and western portions are traversed respec-
tively by the Nolin and Rough Rivers and their tribu-
taries. It has numerous fine streams and valleys, large
stretches of agricultural lands and woodlands, marshy
flats, sand- and limestone ridges and cedar glades. A
hundred or more deciduous forest trees are native, the
oaks predominating, with such evergreens as the cedars
and pines and occasional holly and haunts of hemlock.

While Muldraugh’s Hill reaches higher elevations (but
less than 1,000 feet above sea level), yet the finest fern
stations of the county are among the picturesque hills
along Rough River in the western border, where sand-
stone cliffs rise fifty and a hundred feet in a single per-
pendicular ascent, with a limestone base revealed in the
bottoms of the ravines. There are numerous small
streams and springs, some tumbling down precipitous
ledges and forming clear pools at the base. The soil for
the most part is sandy and stony, of rather poor quality,
but rich with leafmold in the deep woods, very soft
and loose about the cliffs and boulders, and in places seep-
ing with tannic ooze. The elevation runs some 400 to
650 feet. Here in the ‘‘ Dismal Hollow,’’ between rugged
sandstone walls a hundred feet high, where a cool stream
winds down a thickly wooded alluvial gorge to Culverson
Creek and where it is said locally ‘‘the sun never shines,’’
I first saw ferns enough at one time—Athyrium acrosti-
choides, A. angustum and A. pycnocarpon, Onoclea sensi-
bilis, Dryopteris intermedia and D. marginalis, clamps
and stretches of fern waist-high, elbowing for standing
room, with Polypodium virginianum, Cystopteris bulbif-
era and C. fragilis, Camptosorus rhizophyllus, and As-

Ferns or Harpin County, Kentucky 93

plenium trichomanes climbing over rocks and the wet and
mossy cheeks of cliffs. ‘‘ Moonshine Cliff,’’ just over the
county line, is a two-story cliff, one high above the other
(with abandoned relics of moonshine stills in each story).
A clear stream pours down making a double cataract and
forming a crystal pool at the base, about which is a per-
fect carpet of soft green woven by twining Cystopteris
bulbifera with — oo. fronds a yard in
length. ‘‘Lovers’ Leap,’’ the ‘‘Raven’s Nest,’’ ‘‘Beech
Woods,’’ and the retreats one Hill’s Mill are other
localities enchanting with their wilderness of ferns.

I have found more frequent Osmunda stations in the
quadrant between the Hodgenville road and the Central
Highway. In a station back of Round Top schoolhouse
all three of the Osmundas are growing together, 0. clay-
toniana apparently excelling, while in a wet draw near
New Summit 0. regalis is especially stately. Adiantum
pedatum, Asplenium platyneuron, Botrychium virgin-
ianum, Dryopteris hexagonoptera, Pteridium latiuscu-
lum, Polystichum acrostichoides, Athyrium angustum,
and Woodsia obtusa are common over the county.

I submit the following list of native ferns I have found
growing in Hardin County:

ADIANTUM PEDAaTuM L. American maidenhair. Com-
mon in rich well-drained woods. Though usually on a
moderate incline or slope and apparently preferring a
moist, drained, open shade, yet I have found large col-
onies in dry stony bramble shade, and creeping out into
open sun, at foot of northern slopes of Muldraugh’s Hill.

ASPLENIUM PINNATIFIDUM IL. Lobed_ spleenwort.
Clinging in small pockets or tight crevices of sandstone
cliffs. Though reported by Williamson as common in
Kentucky, I have found it rather rare in this county and
in stations of two or three to half a dozen individuals.

94 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

ASPLENIUM PLATYNEURON (L.) Oakes. Ebony spleen-
wort. Common in dry stony thickets, shaded fence
corners and wooded bluffs. The rankest and densest
station I have seen was in a blackberry thicket on the
side of a road near Hill’s Mill in scanty shade.

ASPLENIUM TRICHOMANES L. Maidenhair spleenwort.
Rather rare. In crevices and moss on porous sandstone
cliffs and boulders. One boulder found in dense shade
near Hardin Springs has a considerable blanket.

ATHYRIUM AcROSTICHOIDES (Sw.) Diels. Silvery
spleenwort. In deep wooded ravines, especially along
streams, in rich accumulations of humus and leafmold
in light sandy and silicious soils, frequently near foot of
densely shaded sandstone cliff. One of our finest and
most thrifty ferns. 3 to 4 feet in height.

_ ATHYRIUM ANGUsTUM (Willd.) Presl. Upland lady
fern. A common fern of many mutations. Prefers half
shade to deep shade, but less frequent and smaller plants
are found in more sunny places. Wet, moist or dry soil.
1 to 34 or 4 feet.

ATHYRIUM PYCNOCARPON (Spreng.) Tidestrom. Nar-
rowleaf spleenwort. (Dr. weer. has suggested the
rather happy common name, ‘‘glade fern’’—AM. FERN
JOURNAL, vol. 25, p. 64.) Rather common than not; half
open woods and glady places; in rich soil up the banks
of ravines. A large and somewhat pretentious but
fragile fern.

BoTrYCHIUM VIRGINIANUM (L.) Sw. Rattlesnake fern.
A solitary fern common in dry and rather open w

CAMPTOSORUS RHIZOPHYLLUS (L.) Link. Walking
fern. Though mentioned as rare by Mrs. Parsons, I am
convinced that it is rather overlooked than rare here. In
favorable places I have had little trouble finding it—on
Muldraugh’s Hill, at Arbuthnot, Hill’s Mill, Moonshine
Cliff, Hardin Springs, in Dismal Hollow. More frequent

Ferns or Harpin County, Kenrucky 95

than either Asplenium pinnatifidum or A. trichomanes.
On limestone cliffs and boulders and wet moss-covered
limestone rocks in unexposed places and deep retreats.
Infrequently on sandstone. Somehow it always reminds
me of the primeval.

CYSTOPTERIS BULBIFERA (L.) Bernh. Berry (or bulb-
let) bladderfern. I have this fine and particularly grace-
ful fern associated with waterfalls and rainbow sprays.
Sentimentally, it is fit for romance. Usually draped and
festooned on wet, slippery limestone cliffs where water
splashes or trickles down, but may be found, less luxuri-
ant, elsewhere. In the ‘‘Beech Woods”’ is a considerable
station growing in stony soil on a second bank of Rough
River with 24 to 40-inch fertile fronds.

Cystopreris FraGiLis (l.) Bernh. Brittle fern. Com-
mon on moist ledges and in fissures and stony ground,
usually near water. Shade to half shade.

DRYOPTERIS INTERMEDIA (Muhl.) Gray. Common
woodfern. I have more frequently found this fern in
narrow, close places between rocks and boulders and up
the sides and at the foot of sandstone cliffs, especially
along streams and in wet dense ravines. Its cutting
varies, sometimes the pinnules on the lower side of the
base pinnae being two or three times as long as those on
the upper side. Some specimens I mistook for D. campy-
loptera until set right by Dr. Benedict.

DryYopreris HEXAGONOPTERA (Michx.) C. Chr. Winged
(or broad) beechfern. Common and varying through
many forms. In rich moist to dry woods, especially on
wooded slopes. Fronds 6 to 30 inches. Usually plenti-
ful where found.

Dryorreris Maroinauis (L.) Gray. Leather Wood-
fern (the old marginal shield). On shaded cliffs (usually
Sandstone), at base and clinging high up the sides, some-
times the rootstock protruding far out of crevices and

96 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

pockets ; at other times sitting snug on the top of a mossy
rock, or in stony ground.

DRYOPTERIS THELYPTERIS (L.) Gray. Marsh fern. In
wet acid soil of deep woods and shaded bogs. The finest
I have found were near Bethlehem Academy.

ONOCLEA SENSIBILIS L. Sensitive fern. Common in
lowlands and lightly wooded bottoms.

OSMUNDA CINNAMOMEA L. Cinnamon fern. Not com-
mon, but may be found in likely places. In silicious soils,
at times with clayey base and rather hard and compact.
Sometimes in wet places in company with O. regalis, or
in drier habitat with O. claytoniana. While reported to
grow in sun, I have not happened to so find it.

OSMUNDA CLAYTONIANA L. Interrupted fern. In flat
or rolling woods and slightly up the slopes of wooded
draws, preferring a drier place than O. regalis. I have
not found it fruiting in the woods, and frequently there
it produces only a few fronds, but some plants brought
in and set in the garden with no other shade than an
ordinary grape arbor were soon producing fine crowns of
fronds with frequent fertile pinnae.

OSMUNDA REGALIS var. SPECTABILIS (Willd.) Gray.
Royal fern. Silicious soils, preferring open shade, but
sometimes in sun with wet footing. Usually in sparse
colonies in moist draws and wet swampy shade.

PELLAEA ATROPURPUREA (L.) Link. Purple cliffbrake.
Often in seant dry, clayey soil wedged in tight limestone
crevices. Seems to enjoy a goodly amount of direct rays
of sun and usually found on face of cliff in thin shade.
In the western part of the county, I found several plants
on a large rock protruding from a hillside in the middle
of an old field with no shade but a few persimmon
saplings.

PoLYPODIUM VIRGINIANUM L. Common polypody. Not
common here. Found on sandstone cliffs along Rough

Ferns oF Harpin County, KEntucKY 97

River, more abundant on drier ones, in moss and spare
leafmold, forming mats that hang over the margins of
high ledges.

PoLyPopium PoLyPopiowEs (L.) Watt. Resurrection
fern. <A large boulder near the Raven’s Nest on Rough
River is well blanketed with this fern, interspersed with
P. virginianum. I have not found it on trees as further
south, and know of no other station in the county than the
one mentioned, although there are probably others.

PTERIDIUM LATIUSCULUM (Desy.) Hieron. Eastern
bracken. Common; along edges of woods and woodland
roads; pigmentation reddish where it grows in sun.
Usually 2 to 4 feet, but one grew slightly more than 7
feet last year in the back yard, slender and viny, and
clinging up through the dense shade and folds of a kudzu
vine. I have heard this fern called locally ‘‘the palm
fern,’’ but while it has a number of common names I have
not heard of its being so called elsewhere (but have some-
where seen Pteretis nodulosa referred to as the Palm of
the North).

Woopsta oBTUsA (Spreng.) Torr. Obtuse (or com-
mon) woodsia. Frequent; on stony wooded bluffs and
in rather open woods and thickets, usually of silicious
Soils,

WoopwarpIaA AREOLATA (L.) Moore. Narrowleaf chain-
fern. In wet, sour soil in deep woods and seepy drains.
Found near Moonshine Cliff and New Summit.

Evizaserutown, KENTUCKY

98 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

A Further Note on Salvinia

C. A. WEATHERBY

Some years ago (Am. Fern Journ. 10: 48-53. 1921)
Prof. F. K. Butters and I pointed out that, with a single
exception, the plants from the United States which had
passed in our manuals as Salvinia natans were not that
species, but a tropical one which, following the treatments
current at that time, we identified as 8. awriculata, var.
Olfersiana. Recently (Hedwigia, 74: 257-284 1935)
Robert Herzog has published an excellently clear revi-
sion of the genus, in which, by the use of characters pre-
viously overlooked or unintelligently observed, he has
achieved a very convincing rearrangement of the species.
A redetermination of American material in the light of
his work has seemed desirable.

Herzog retains three of the five American species rec-
ognized by Baker in his ‘‘Handbook of the Fern Allies’’
and in Christensen’s Index Filicum—S. auriculata Aubl.,
S. oblongifolia Mart. and S. Sprucei Kuhn. The other
two he reduces to S. auriculata of the earlier works ; from
the aggregate thus formed he erects two newly defined
species, true S. auriculata and another for which he
revives the name S. rotundifolia Willd. The most ob-
vious character by which they may be separated lies in
the peculiar vestiture of the upper surface of the floating
leaves. In both, this consists of regular rows of more oF
less elongated conical protuberances, each of which bears
at its summit a tuft of four jointed hairs. In S. auricu-
lata these hairs, though otherwise free, are grown together
at their tips, the terminal cells being united into a rela-
tively thick, dark-colored body, and, unless broken, remain
so until entirely withered. In S. rotundifolia the hairs
are wholly free and somewhat spreading. This differ-
ence can readily be seen under a hand-lens in living

FurtHER Notes on SALVINIA 99

plants; in dried material, where the protuberances and
their hairs are more or less pressed down and matted
together, a magnification of 20-40 diameters may be
necessary to bring it out clearly. Even when the hairs
have been broken apart, some trace of the broad, dark
terminal body can usually be found in S. auriculata; in
S. rotundifolia the hair-tips are tapering and colorless.

Other characters are associated with the difference in
posture of the hairs. In S. auriculata the fruit-bodies
containing the macrospores are stalked ; in S. rotundifolia
they are sessile. In the former, the thick floating leaves
are ordinarily 1.5-3 em. in diameter and tend to become
yellowish or brownish when dried; in the latter, the com-
paratively thin leaves average 1 cm. in diameter and dry
dull green.

All the material from the United. States in the Gray
Herbarium and the United States National Herbarium
representing the collections on which the old manual
records of S. natans were based (with the single excep-
tion above noted) proves to be 8. rotundifolia. So far
as I have been able to find out, this is the species com-
monly grown in greenhouses here. It is well figured,
under the name S. Olfersiana, in Britton, Fl. Bermuda,
428.

So far I can follow Herzog unhesitatingly ; there are,
however, two details of his work which I am not yet ready
to accept. One, the lesser, is his identification of F. S.
Collins 445 from Bermuda as S. auriculata. All the
four sheets of this collection (in the Gray, U. 8S. National
and Kew herbaria) have the characteristic hairs of S.
rotundifolia and the single fruiting individual shows the
equally characteristic sessile macrosporocarps. They ex-
hibit no mixture of material. All other collections from
Bermuda which I have seen are likewise S. rotwndifolia
and likewise give no evidence of the presence there of any

100 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

other species. All the Bermuda material is uncommonly
large for S. rotundifolia with leaves unusually closely
set, folded together and overlapping after the common
manner of S. auriculata. I can only suppose that in this
instance Herzog was misled by a superficial resemblance.
The other point of disagreement relates to Herzog’s
outright reduction of S. Radula Baker to S. auriculata
without taking any account of its peculiar features in
his description of the resulting aggregate. The two are
quite alike in their essential trichome-characters but, so
far as can be made out in herbarium material, differ, not
quite constantly, but with reasonable consistency, as fol-
lows :
S. auriculata. Floating leaves boat-shaped or condu-
plicate, prevailingly widest at the broadly cordate base,
Hiainells broader than long; papillae well developed, 1
more high in the center of the leaf; leaf-tissue
usually glabrous between the papillae.
adula. Floating leaves flat, avering much smaller
than in 8S. auriculata, “broadly elliptic or oblong-elliptic
to obovate, widest at or above the middle; papillae low
or sometimes nearly obsolete ; leaf-tissue often with single
trichomes between the rows of papillae
Herzog regards S. Radula as a mere shade-form of 8.
auriculata. It may readily be admitted that decrease in
light-intensity might produce a flattening out of the leaves
and a reduction in their size; it is not so easy to see how
it could change their outline and stimulate the production
of additional hairs unconnected with the papillae and
scarcely to be interpreted as rudiments of them, since they
occur between the rows. There is a similar gradation
from small, flat leaves to much larger, folded ones im
S. rotundifolia, but in that species there is no great re-
duction of the papillae in the smaller and flatter leaves
and no tendeney whatever to develop supplementary
trichomes.

FurtTHER Notes ON SALVINIA 101

S. Radula, then, would seem to deserve some taxonomic
recognition. Some few specimens appear intermediate
between it and S. auriculata; it would probably be best
treated as a variety of that species. But until its fruit
is better known and someone has studied the range of its
variability under different conditions in experimental
cultures, I hesitate to attempt a final disposition of it and
here keep it tentatively under Baker’s name.

Of the three groups here treated, 8S. auriculata and 8.
Radula show no distinctive ranges ; both are rather widely
distributed in the American tropics. 9S. rotundifolia, on
the other hand, though occurring from Mexico to Uru-
guay, seems to be wholly continental, except for the sta-
tion in Bermuda, where, according to Britton, it was
introduced in 1903 and has become naturalized.

The following citation of specimens, additional to those
listed by Herzog and from collections better represented
in American herbaria, may be use

SALVINIA AURICULATA Aubl. Hist. Pl. Guiana, 2: 969, t.
367 (1775). Type locality, French Guiana. SALVADOR :
Laguna de Maquigue, Dept. La Union, ~ 18, 1922,

Wright, 1853-56. Cuna: are de las Vegas, Prov.
Habana, July 8, 1904, Baker & Wilson, no. 685 ; without
abi locality, 1859-60, Wright, no. 1826; 1865, Wright,

913. Brrriseh Guiana: Pomeroon River, Jan. 14-20,
1923, de la Cruz, no. 2984. Braz: State of Ceara,
various localities, 1935, Drouet, nos. 2586a, 2607; State
4 Para, Martius ; Rio de Janeiro, Riedel, Wilkes Exped.

0.2. Paraguay: Lacus Ypacaray, Dec., 1913, Hassler,
6 12418,

102 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Georgetown, Oct. 24-26, 1919, Hitchcock, no. 16556.
FRENCH GUIANA: without definite locality, 1838, Leprieur,
no. 152. DutrcH Gurana: Paramaraibo, April 27, 1916,
Samuels, no. 73. Ecuapor: Zamborondon, July 13, 1876,

ALVINIA ROTUNDIFOLIA Willd. Sp. Pl. 5: 537 (1810).
Type locality, Brazil—Merxico, state of Yucatan:
Gaumer, no. 1007. GuatTemMaLa: 1885, Watson; Pea
April, 1889, J. D. Smith, no. 1502. BRITISH. Honpu
Mullins River Road, April 21, 1929, Schipp, no. 137,

AR

locality, March 8, 1922, Greenman, no. 5770. Costa
Rica: Tunnel Camp, Limon Province, Dec. 13, 1929,
Dodge, Catt & Thomas, no. 5614. Braz: Rio de Janeiro,
1874, Mosén, no. 2738. Uruguay: Vergara, Dec. 20,
1933, Herter, no. 1609.

I quite agree with Herzog that S. auriculata, var.
Olfersiana (Klotzsch) Baker rests on size only and should
not be kept up in any category. I am also inclined to
agree with his reduction of 8. cyathiformis Maxon to 8S.
Sprucei. 8S. minima Baker, which he did not see, has
tiny floating leaves which show no trace of papillae, but
bear sessile clusters of free trichomes. It is presumably,
as he guessed, a much reduced state of S. rotundifolia.

I am much indebted to Dr. William R. Maxon for the
privilege of examining the Salvinias in the United States
National Herbarium and particularly to Sir Arthur W.
Hill, Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, for
the generous loan of nearly all the specimens cited by
Baker under 8. Radula and S. auriculata var. Olfersiana
—an invaluable aid.

Gray HERBARIUM,

SHorterR Notes 103

Recent Fern Literature

Few of us who are not farmers think of ferns as pos-
sible weeds; yet some species can be very troublesome—
so much so that the United States Department of Agri-
culture has thought it worth while to bring out, as Farm-
ers’ Bulletin no. 687, a revision of a paper on the eradica-
tion of ferns from pasture-lands in the eastern states
originally prepared by H. R. Cox some twenty years ago.
The principal offenders are hay-scented fern and bracken,
but in damp spots cinnamon fern, marsh fern and sensi-
tive fern may also achieve undesirable abundance. Of
various methods of control, mowing (sometimes supple-
mented by burning the cut fronds after they have dried)
and spraying with a nearly saturated solution of salt have
proved most effective. Mowing has to be done by hand
in most pastures; a man with a scythe can cover usually
about two and a half acres a day. Spraying is quicker
(about 5 acres a day per workman) but fully twice as ex-
pensive. With both methods two applications a year are
necessary—one in June before the spores are ripe and one
in August to catch the second growth made after the first
fronds are cut or killed. Done in this way both have
proved effective, especially when seed of grass and clover
has been sowed in the areas where the ferns have been
killed off.

Shorter Notes

A Fern Q Questi ires are the order
of the dss neni the annoyance of the day—in
Some fields of investigation, but perhaps a first venture
in the field of fern study may be permitted. The follow-
ing questions were drawn up in connection with a talk at
the field meeting of the Torrey Botanical Club at Branch-
ville, N. J., in May, 1936.

104 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

It has been suggested that with their publication some
prize might be offered for the most complete set of an-
swers turned in by a Fern Society member. The ex-
aminer has no objection provided he does not have to
mark the papers; he has plenty of those at present. One
prize may be mentioned and is hereby offered (U.S. and
Canada distribution): one large hart’s-tongue plant,
grown at the Brooklyn Botanical Garden.

The chief intent of the questionnaire was to assemble
as many items as possible relating to matters of some curi-
ous interest relating to ferns and their names. There is
so little of economic importance to be advanced in the
case of these plants that anything along this line or per-
taining to unusual biological features is worthy of record.

What items can you add to those indicated in the list?
Dr. John H. Schaffner sent in the last two queries.

What Do You Know About Ferns? (Including Fern
** Allies’’)

What is the oldest living fern species known?

What fern or ferns are sometimes serious weeds in agricul-
ture? ;

What fern provides a specific in the U. S. Pharmacopeia?

What fern provides material for fireworks?

What fern is an annual?

What fern has the longest leaves?

What common fern is a regular article of food in the South

2

ce! Were

ie.2)
.

What fern may be ealled the housewife’s friend?

With what fern might cosmetics be associated?

. What fern provides textile material for evening wear?

. What fern species has the widest natural distribution?

What fern lives symbiotically with a blue-green alga

. From what fern has a substitute for feathers been obtained?

. What common cultivated ‘‘fern’’ is not a fern at all?

; common fern is liable to cut the skin when picked?

. What native ferns have evergreen leaves?

What is the greatest height to which a fern may grow and
where is it found?

ee ee
NAARWNHE S

SHorter Notes 105

18. What common fern may be recognized by its odor when
crushed ?

19. What fern is sold by the bale?

20. What fern has a tuber like a potato?

21. What fern has been experimented with in the fight against
yellow fever?

22. What fern bears some resemblance to iron?

23. What kind of fern is sometimes cooked in volcanic vents for
food?

24. What fern surpasses ordinary timber trees as a source of
building material in some parts of the tropics?

25. In what kind of fern are stipules foun

26. What fern is most widely used in horticulture?

27. What fern species is reported as causing poisoning of cattle?

28. In what respect have ferns played an unusually important
part in the Industrial Revolution?

29. What fern species was formerly sold in millions of plants per
year?

30. What is the rarest fern — in the country?

31. What is the smallest fern

32. What fern does not require a ‘‘permanent’’?

33. What fern produces abundant nectar on the leaves?

34. What is the greatest diameter of the stem of any tree fern?

Prouiric Botrycarums.—Two Botrychiums, of the
variety called B. obliquum var. pennsylvanicum by E.

- Graves, both highly copper-colored, were collected by
me during the Christmas holidays and placed in a ter-
rarium. In a few weeks the copper color began to fade,
and by the end of March the fronds were green again and
next year’s fronds began to appear. I removed the old
fronds. The new ones grew so rapidly in the terrarium
that by the end of April they had to be transplanted out-
side where they took on a slight copper color during the
first few weeks. On June 25th a new set of fronds were
making growth. When I returned in September, both
fronds were vigorous, and now in the middle of November
both fronds are taking on the copper color.

One interesting observation is that the reproductive
period is annual only by cause of the seasonal character

106 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

of the year. Another is that the copper color comes and
goes with the ebb of life, and is seasonal only as this
change corresponds to the seasons. Finally, why did the
parent frond survive and flourish ?—W. L. Dix, Trenton,
New Jersey.

A Progectep Fieip Trip ror Ferns at Owens, N. J.—
For Sunday, Sept. 26, the Torrey Botanical Club is sched-
uling a field trip with ferns as one main objective. The
Torrey Club, with a worldwide membership and sub-
scription list, has its center of organization and meetings
in New York City. Each year an extensive program of
field trips is scheduled, organized by the Field Committee,
of which the Chairman is Mr. Raymond Torrey, recently
become a member of the Fern Society. In 1936 over two
hundred separate trips were scheduled over a ten-month
period.

Usually a number of trips are devoted primarily to
ferns and the leaders are generally Fern Society mem-
bers. For the past two years a fern trip has been sched-
uled at Springdale, N. J., in which the Fern Society was
made joint supporter. For both these trips, the same
locality was visited, a large wooded swamp, bordered by
limestone ledges, and harboring a considerable series of
fern species. Dryopteris hybrids were the particular
game sought. Philip Dowell had brought out two Goldi-
ana hybrids from this region, D. cristata x Goldiana, and
D. Goldiana x marginalis. The latter was again found,
after thirty years, but not the former. A number of other
hybrids, among D. Clintoniana, D. cristata, D. marginalis,
D. intermedia, and D. spinulosa were found, however.

On the corresponding Sunday in 1937, Sept. 26, an-
other fern trip is set, with fern hybrids again the chief
objects of search. The Fern Society is again announced
as joint sponsor. While the Springdale region has not
been exhausted, it was thought best to try another loeale

SuHorter Notes 107

for the 1937 trip, and Mr. James Edwards has suggested
a Swamp near Owens, also in Sussex County, but about
twenty miles distant from Springdale.

With February anticipating April, a preliminary trip
of exploration was made on Washington’s birthday, the
Swamp was located and partly reconnoitered. The situa-
tion looks very promising. The extensive tract of wood-
land, bordered by limestone ledges, was covered with
water from the usual heavy Sunday rains of the past sea-
son, but it was obviously an ideal location for the swamp
Dryopteris species, D. cristata, D. Clintoniana, and D.
spinulosa. D. marginalis and D. intermedia were found
in their evergreen garb along the ledges. Furthermore,
Asplenium platyneuron was found in luxuriance on one
of the ledges. The walking fern and the wall-rue are
abundant in parts of Sussex County and are probably
present here. The asplenioid hybrid, A. ebenoides, has
been found more than once in this region and may very
well occur on these ledges. Hybrids of the wall-rue have
been reported in Europe and once in America. Also, it
may be added, Pellaea glabella has been collected in the
vicinity of Owens.

Write to the Brooklyn Botanic Garden for more spe-
cific data as to location and methods of reaching it. By
automobile, or train, the town of Sussex is the foeal point.
The swamp is about five miles north from the town.
From New York City it is a trip of a little less than sixty
miles by automobile—R. C. B

Frrns or Burma.—Professor F. G. Dickason, of Jud-
son College, University of Rangoon, Burma, has been at
the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, during the
past year, making a special study of a large collection of
ferns which he had collected during the years 1931-1936
mostly in the general region of the Shan States of upper
Burma. This is the same region where Joseph F. Rock

108 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

had collected in 1920-24, but on the whole Mr. Dicka-
son’s collection came from localities not so far north or
east. The Dickason collection contained 249 species and
varieties of pteridophytes—222 ferns, 7 lycopods, 18 sela-
ginellas, and 2 equisetums. These with 60 different spe-
cies in the Rock collection give an indication of the un-
usual richness of the fern flora of upper Burma. Mr.
Dickason prepared a general check-list of Burma ferns
which includes 393 species and 71 genera, representing
Ophioglossaceae, Marattiaceae, Osmundaceae, Schizaea-
ceae, Gleicheniaceae, Hymenophyllaceae, Cyatheaceae,
Ceratopteridaceae, Polypodiaceae, Salviniaceae, and Mar-
sileaceae. The two genera with the largest representa-
tions are Dryopteris with 57 and Polypodium with 53
species and varieties. Among other genera with large
numbers of species are Asplenium with 25 and Pteris
with 21. Professor Dickason received the M.A. degree
from the Ohio State University and is now returning to
the University of Rangoon, where he intends to continue
his study of Burma pteridophytes—Joun H. SCHAFFNER.

The editors of Standardized Plant Names, which is now
being revised, desire to bring up to date the list of ferns
in the American horticultural trade. Any of our mem-
bers having information as to ferns now offered, which
were not included in the 1923 edition of the work, or
corrections in the data therein, are urged to send in such
information to Dr. Donald Wyman, Arnold Arboretum,
Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts.

Mr. Weatherby will be abroad until October. In his
absence, manuscript for the Journat should be sent to
Dr. William R. Maxon, Smithsonian Institution, Wash-
ington, D. C.

THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB
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BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN MEMOIRS
ogy ai alah, Sugutag ell gS gn? prays aad wala
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ita environ-
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Vol. 27 October-December, 1937 No. 4

American Hern Journal

agg ETE
A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO FERNS
Published by the

AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY

ad
EDITORS
C. A. WEATHERBY
R. C. BENEDICT W. R. MAXON
se
CONTENTS
Notes on American Ferns—XXI........... W. BR. Maxon 109
Notes on Idaho Ferns...... C. L. Wortey and L. K. Mayw 112
Notes on California Pteridophytes........L. C. WHEELER 120
_ Keys to the Ferns of lowa—I........... pee :

Recent Fern Literature Ho ane ade a we wesc e

Mhottes Notes: Su SARTO ‘ce Field Study; N:
leaved Spleenwortin cb iow Co., Pennsylvania Saw Saw-
fly Larvae eat Equi so

Che American Hern Society

Counril for 1937
OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR
Epear T. WHEERY, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.
President
Mrs. CarntorTa C. Hatt, Berkeley, Cal. . ice-President
Mrs. Etsrz Gisson WHITNEY, New York ‘State Museum, Albany,

Henry K. Svenson, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Treasurer

OFFICIAL ORGAN

Ameriran Bern Journal
EDITORS
OA: WEareeeey So . 27 Raymond St., Cambridge, Mass.
R. C. BENzpIcT wwe 1819 Dorchester Road, Brooklyn, N. ¥.
W. B. Maxon ............... Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C.

An illustrated quarterly devoted to the general study of ferns.
eer bg per year, foreign, 10 cents extra; sent free
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$1.50; life membership, $25.00). Extracted reprints, if ordered in
advance, will be furnished authors at cost. They should be ordered
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should be addressed to the Treasurer of the Society.

LIBRARIAN a
‘Miss Hesrax M. ——— Brat, x =

Ameriran Hern Journal

Vou. 27 NovVEMBER—DECEMBER, 1937 No. 4

Notes on American Ferns—XXI°
WinurAm R. Maxon

CHEILANTHES KauLrussit Kunze—The present spe-
cies, though common to the southward, is now first to be
reported from the United States. The specimen upon
which this record is based was recently received from
the University of Texas for identification, being one of
an interesting collection made in the Chisos Mountains,
Big Bend National Park, Texas, by E. G. Marsh, Jr. (no.
250), in August, 1935. Among United States species C.
Kaulfussii is at all closely related only to C. lewcopoda
Link, from which it is immediately distinguished by its
dark, slender, remarkably elongate stipes and its cover-
Ing of strongly eapitate-glandular hairs throughout; in
their short, pentagonal, dissected blades the two species
are not very unlike. ©. Kaulfussii extends pretty well
Over Mexico, from Chihuahua to Oaxaca, and through
Guatemala and Honduras to Costa Rica, where appar-
ently it is rare. Specimens are at hand from Colombia,
and it is known also from Venezuela. C. glandulifera
Liebm. and @. viscosa Link (not Carmichael) are syno-
nyms. Under the latter name this beautiful plant was
long ago introduced into cultivation in European botan-
leal gardens.

* Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian
Institution,

_ [Volume 27, No, 3 of the JourNat, pages 73-108, plate 4, was
issued July 1, 1937.] ae
109

110 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

PHANEROPHLEBIA UMBONATA Underw.—This species,
founded on material from Nuevo Leon (Pringle 1982)
and hitherto known only from Mexico, may be added to
the United States fern flora also. The specimens, per-
fectly characteristic but lacking the rhizome, were col-
lected by Prof. Omer E. Sperry (no. 178), in ‘‘Upper
Pulliam Canyon, protected site in maple-oak forest,
Chisos Mountains, Brewster County, Texas, July 4,
1936,’’ and are part of a collection received from him at
the National Herbarium for identification. From P.
auriculata Underw., the only other species known from
the United States, P. wmbonata is at once distinguished
by its relatively narrow non-auriculate pinnae, the ar-
rangement of sori in a submarginal zone (varying in
width according to degree of fertility), and its firm,
strongly umbonate indusium. Mexican specimens in the
National Herbarium are as follows: Nuevo Leon
(Pringle 1982, 13739; Tharp 1817; C. H. & M. T. Muel-
ler 353), Coahuila (Marsh 268; Wynd & Mueller 349),
Tamaulipas (Bartlett 10095, 10391, 10931; Viereck 210,
211, 581; Runyon 720, 975, 985). Mr. Runyon records
it as ‘‘abundant on top of mountains,’’ at 1000 to 1600
meters altitude.

DRYOPTERIS ARGUTA (Kaulf.) Watt.—This species,
which is well known to oceur from southern California
to Washington, in the upper Sonoran and Transition
zones, was first reported from Arizona by T. H. Kear-
ney,’ on the basis of specimens collected near Superior,
Pinal County, in 1926, by G. J. Harrison (nos. 2089 and
3180). Additional material from this locality has since
been obtained by Kearney & Smith (no. 9008). The
range within Arizona is extended by a specimen col-
lected by Elbert L. Little, Jr. (no. 4221), in the Tonto-
Parker Creek Forest, Gila Co., at an altitude of 5200 ft.,
Feb. 27, 1937, and recently received for identification.

1 Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 21: 67. 1931.

Notes oN AMERICAN F'ERNS—XXI 111

SELAGINELLA UNDERWoopII Hieron.—A first record for
Texas may be based upon a specimen communicated to
the National Herbarium several years ago by Prof. L. H.
Bailey for identification. It was collected on Mt. Liver-
more, Davis Co., in the Davis Mountains, July 9-12,
1921, by Mrs. Roxana D. Ferris and Carl D. Duncan
(no. 5388). This species is especially abundant in New
Mexico, and is known otherwise from Arizona, Wyoming,
and Colorado.

SELAGINELLA Braunu Baker.—A specimen so identi-
fied later by Mr. C. V. Morton was sent in not long ago
by Prof. Orland E. White, of the University of Virginia,
who states that it was grown in his own garden from a
division received from Mrs. Joseph Walker, of Wood-
berry Forest, Virginia, who in turn had obtained her
living material originally from Georgia. This serves to
recall that many years ago two other collections of this
Old World species, which has been in cultivation for
nearly a century, were received from Georgia. The first
of these, handed me by Prof. W. J. Spillman of the U. 8.
Department of Agriculture, was collected by him in
August 1916, in company with Mr. Burdett Loomis, of
St. Mary’s, Georgia, in an old Catholic churchyard near
that place, where it had spread naturally from plants
supposed to have been introduced long before by a sea
Captain. Additional material was sent in subsequently
by Mr. Loomis, from whose letter it appeared that the
Species was to be regarded as truly naturalized locally.
However, the original source could not be traced. This
Species, supposedly a native of China, was long ago
(1901) reported by Hieronymus as established in Brazil,
and recently has turned up in Jamaica. It is semi-
hardy, and through its introduction to new localities as
an outdoor plant is likely to become naturalized even-
tually in the southern Coastal Plain region.

Wasutneton, D. C.

41128 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Notes on Idaho Ferns
Cuatr L. WorLEy AND Louis K. MANN

The state of Idaho possesses a flora rich in variety, due
largely to its range of latitude and to its varied topo-
graphical features which include lakes, canyons, plains,
extensive lava flows, shifting sand dunes, and various
types of mountains. Each of these many regions em-
braces its own peculiar flora, and thus the physiognomy
of the state’s vegetation is as diverse as the regions them-
selves. :

The plants, and especially the ferns, of central Idaho
have been very much overlooked by the botanists in the
past. The underlying cause was the inaccessibility of
the region, due to its high mountain passes and precipi-
tous river canyons. Only within very recent years have
traversable highways opened this extensive botanists’
paradise to any collecting trip less elaborate than an
expedition. :

During the latter half of July and the first half of
August, 1936, the authors made a collecting trip into the
Sawtooth Mountains, bordering the southern edge of the
Stanley Basin of central Idaho. These relatively nude,
‘‘sawtooth’’ mountains rise abruptly from the flat basin
so that very few montane hills are found ; the entire region
is primarily sub-alpine and alpine. Their geology 1s
characterized by crystalline igneous rocks, which are of
such a nature as to be easily eroded by climatic conditions.
Heavy snow slides and severe mountain winds have con-
verted the peaks into bare precipices and have bedecked
the gentle slopes and valley floors with granite detritus
supporting only sparse growths of vegetation.

July and August proved to be the most opportune
season to botanize these mountains and especially their
fascinating alpine meadows. The snow and ice had —

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VOLUME 27, PLATE 5

*

AN ALPINE VIEW orf THE SAWTOOTH RANGE.

114 _ AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

nearly receded to the limits of its ‘‘pink’’ perpetual
snowfields and the extremely dry spell had not yet arrived.

Sinee, as far as the authors know, no reports have been
printed of the plants from this range of mountains, they
thought it might be of interest to list the species observed.
Plants in excess of two hundred and fifty species were
collected, but only the ferns and their allies will be listed
here. The remaining plants will appear in a later list.
Since the variety of flowering plants was so great, it was
surprising to find so few pteridophytes; a list of them
from the Sawtooth Mountains will emphasize their rela-
tive scarcity for central Idaho.

On this trip only six ferns and two selaginellas were
found and even these were by no means common.
list, likely, is not complete, and it is sincerely hoped PET
it will be supplemented in the near future.

All ecollection-numbers refer to the herbarium of the
senior author.

PoLYPODIACEAE

1. ‘*The American Rock-brake.’’ CRryPTOGRAMMA ACRO-
sticHorEs R. Br. Bot. App. in Franklin’s Narr. of
a Journey to the Shores of the Polar Sea 767, 1823.

Coll. No.:— 8.

Associates :— Eriogonum ovalifolium, E. heracleoides ;
Galium sp.; Rubus strigosus; Kello ggia
galioides.

Granite

Habitat :— unny, dry, exposed

Elevation :— To 7,000

Slope :— 30° N. to Ps

Abundance:— To10%0 is

Locality :— i of on ake meadow above and two

es south of Stanley Lake, Stanley, Idaho.

Collectors :— Worley and Mann.

Date :— 7-14-36.

This fascinating rock-brake did not occur in the fine
granite talus, but was characteristic of the detritus com-

Notes on IpAHO FERNS | (115

posed of rocks ranging from a few inches to a couple of
feet in diameter. It was general in all comparable sta-
tions in this region of the mountains.

2. “‘The Spleenwort.’’ AvHyrrum ALPESTRE Hoppe var.
AMERICANUM Butters. Rhodora 19: 204, 1917.

— 204,

Associates: exe Juneus sp. — Ptiseans
Soi Granite detri
Habitat: — Open rocky aeige exposed, shaded after
Elevation :— 8,000 :

ope :— peti ‘NE to E.
Abundance:— To 10%—not over a dozen s specimen
Locality :— Alpine meadow three miles south of ‘Stanley

Lake, Stanley, tasho.

Collectors :— Worley and Mann
Date:— 7-22-36.

Few ferns are more captivating than this delicate spe-
cies, which sends its lace-like fronds up through the inter-
Stices of ugly forbidding granitic boulders. It is a treat
to any floristically inclined individual who enjoys observ-
ing plants in their native haunts.

3. “The Lady-fern.’”? Atuyrtum Frix-remna (L.)
Roth var. strcHense Ruprecht ex Moore, Index Fil.

183, 1860
Coll. No. :— 246.
Associates :— aes Ge onhoans Mimulus lewisii; Actaea
arguia; Glyceria
Soil :— Humie—Loam.
Habitat :— Moist, deep bade very mild.
Elevation :— 6,600 "Ft.
g 6 ee 10°-20° E.
Abundance:— To 50%, a floor-colony.
Locality:— West side of Redfish Lake, Stanley, Idaho.
Collectors :— hd ine ae Mann.
Date :— 7—26-36.

The lady-fern represented the only montane fern ob-.

andy and its distribution was limited to a few small
Ocaliti

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VOLUME 27, PLATE 6

ATHYRIUM ESLIX-PEMINA VAR. SITCHENSE

Notes oN IpanHo FERNS 117

4. “The Holly Fern.’? PotysticHum Loncuitis (L.)
Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ. 3: 71, 1800

Coll. No. :—
Associates :—
Soil :—
Habitat :—
Elevation : —
Slo

Abundance: =
Locality

Collectors :—
Date:—

36-183,

Pedicularis sp.; Mitella aed Sazxi-

fraga arguta; Alnus tenuifolia

Rich humie soil between large ro

Some shady except at aes a pro-
ted.

To ay Eos ft.
45°

To 10%, one clump only.

In a quick- Te creek emptying f

the west in Stanley Lake Greek about 4 ihe
above its junction with the lake itself. Stan-
le aho.

Worley and Mann.

7-20-:

If the individual who first called Osmunda regalis the
“regal fern’’ had seen this clump in all its glory, he
would have been compelled to christen it the ‘‘rex’’ of the

entire fern world.

No other species could have been more

commanding than this specimen, which appeared to over-
look and to rule all its associates about it. It was the
focus of its domain.

5. “The Oregon

Eaton, Can.

Coll. No. :-—
Associates :—
il :—

So

labitat :—
wlevation :—
ope:—
\bundance:—
4ocality :—

-
s
J
I
§
ie
I

Colleetors:—
Date:—

a.

Woodsia.’’ Woopsta orEGANA D. C.
Nat. IT, 2: 90, 1865.

36-162.

Aquilegia p oubigeti
umie ets between rocks.

Dry, Bt Hag mild winds
00 ft

10%.
East fork of Stanley ere — 4 mile
above go cnees — dah

Worley

20-36.

“The Rocky Mountain Woodsia.’? ‘Woopsia scoPu-

LInA D. C. Eaton, Can. Nat. II, 2: 90, 1865.

Coll. No, :—

ne.
Very rocky with little soil.

118 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Habitat :— Dry, ne sunny, exposed.
Elevation :— 8,000
ope:— r0--20° E.
Abundance:— To 90%, but few plants.
Loeality :— Top of ridge between East and West forks
of Stanley Lake Creek. Stanley, Idaho.
Collectors :— Worley and Mann
Date:— 7-20-36.
SELAGINELLACEAE
1. SELAGINELLA SELAGINOIDES (L.) Link, Fil. Hort. Berol.
158, 1841
Coll. No.:— 6-156
Associates :— Mosses; grasses; Pedicularis ee
Vers fraticosa; Bhi sp.
il:— Very humic
Habitat :— Moist, acta attialsy protected.
Elevation :— To 6, 400 ft.
ope :— Vertical sides.
Abundance:— To —e
Loeality :— Moi dow adjacent to west end of Stan-
ley Lake t igermeds Idaho.
Collectors :— Worley and M
Date :— 7-19-36.

This ‘‘darb’’ was overlooked several times, which only
proves that many of our most interesting forms are those
hardest to discover.

While working on this species, the senior author noticed
that the leaves and sporophylls were not quite true to
form. He compared them with specimens in the Univer-
sity of Wisconsin Herbarium. The variations are semi-
diagrammatically represented in the plate. In each case
b represents the bract and f the leaf. Number I is from
—#1841, Limen Fell, Austwick, W. Y., England, May 18,
1929, L. R. Wilson; II is from —#1573 Isle Royale, Michi-
gan, September 11, 1901, 8. C. Stuntz and C. E. Allen;
III is from—Boundary Lake, Canada, July 31, 187 es
F. H. Hosford; and IV is from the specimens above. T
shading in III and IV represents thick, nearly coriaceous
bracts and leaves, while the clear sketches represent very

thin semi-hyaline structures.

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VOLUME 27, PLATE 7

loa eg
In 1

SELAGINOIDES.

120 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

The plate illustrates the differences found in this col-
lection. Note that both leaves and bracts are much thicker
than any above, save III—; that both bracts and leaves
are decidedly longer; that the bracts tend to be more
attenuate-pointed ; and that there is a very marked dif-
ference in the shapes of both structures.

2. SELAGINELLA WATSONI Underw. Bul. Torr. Bot. Club
25: 127, 1898.

Coll. No.:— 6

Associates :— Polygo

Soil:— Granite detritus in asin on boulder tops.

Habitat :— Very ay, sunny, expos

Elevation :— 7000 f

Slope :— 0°.

Abundance:— 75%.

Loeality :— On large slide on Mt. Heyburn toward creek
into Redfish oe Beet Idaho.

Collectors :— ia and

Date :— 9-36.

UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN

Notes on California Pteridophytes
Louis C. WHEELER

This paper includes discussion of the distribution of
several California pteridophytes. Several new stations
and one species new to California are reported.

The writer is indebted to Dr. H. A. Gleason for looking
up material at New York Botanical Garden, to Dr. Wm.
R. Maxon and Dr. Norma E. Pfeiffer for making deter-
minations, and to the curators of the following herbaria
for allowing the study of the specimens under their care:
(C) University of California; (G) Gray Herbarium ©
Harvard University ; (NY) New York Botanical Garden;
(P) Pomona College; (UCLA) University of California

Notes ON CALIFORNIA PTERIDOPHYTES 121

at Los Angeles. The specimens in the writer’s herbarium
are cited as (W). All the writer’s collections of Poly-
podiaceae and Selaginella here cited were determined by
Dr. Maxon and of Isoetes by Dr. Pfeiffer. The writer is
responsible for all other determinations, unless otherwise
Stated.

PotysticHum LemMoni Underwood. There seems to
be no statement in literature giving a reasonably exact
source for the type of this species. Maxon in Abrams,
Ill. Fl. Pacifie States 1: 10. 1923, states, ‘‘Type locality ;
Vicinity of Mount Shasta, Calif.’’ This was probably
a paraphrase of Underwood’s statement concerning the
source of the type in Native Ferns ed. 6: 117. 1900, ‘‘ Near
Mt. Shasta, California (Lemmon).’’ That the type did
not come from Mt. Shasta itself is evident from Under-
wood’s statement. In fact I have been able to find only
one specimen labeled as having come from Mt. Shasta and
I shall attempt to prove hereinafter that it came from
elsewhere. J. G. Lemmon and wife sometimes referred
on labels and in Pacific Coast Ferns, perhaps for con-
venience but nevertheless carelessly, to the general Mt.
Shasta region as ‘‘Mt. Shasta’? or ‘‘Shasta.’’? In so
doing they continued the unfortunate habit of some
earlier collectors who, as Dr. C. Hart Merriam, N. Am.
Fauna USDA [Biol. Survey Mt. Shasta] 16: 138. 1899,
Suggests, used the term ‘‘Shasta’’ in a rather loose sense,
aS covering adjacent mountains not then named.

r. H. A. Gleason kindly examined the specimens of
P. Lemmoni at New York Botanical Garden where Under-
wood’s types are deposited! The specimen which Dr.
Gleason chooses as the type, since it is one of the two bear-
ing the name “‘P. Lemmoni Underw.’’ in Underwood’s

he writer lise since sauna these specimens and agrees with Dr.
Gleason ’s conclusions,

122 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

handwriting, bears the data, ‘‘near Shasta Cal. J. G. Lem-
mon July 1879.’’ Dr. Gleason excludes the other sheet
from being the type since it is labeled ‘‘Mt. Eddy (W. of
Mt. Shasta Calif.)’’ which does not coincide with Under-
wood’s published statement as to the type locality. The
problem now is reduced to finding a definite locality for
a collection of this species made by Lemmon in July,
1879, and to proving that this locality is. ‘‘near Mt.
Shasta.’’ Eaton, Ferns of N. America 2: 128. .1879,?
first reported this species from California: ‘‘ Aspidium
mohrioides Bory, has recently been discovered in a valley
some thirty miles west of Mount Shasta, in California, by
Mr. J. G. Lemmon.’’ This ‘‘valley some thirty miles
west of Mt. Shasta’’ is doubtless Scott Valley. Farther
on Eaton, 1. ¢., 252, gives further information: ‘*moun-
tains of northern California, at an elevation of 8,000 feet,
J. G. Lemmon, July, 1879.’’ An examination of the
specimens of P. Lemmoni at the University of California,
Berkeley, where the Lemmon Herbarium is deposited,
revealed that J. G. Lemmon had collected the fern on Mt.
Eddy in 1878 and 1889, in Seott Valley in 1879, and on
Scott Mt. on an unstated date. Another of the specimens
at New York was from Seott Mt. in 1880 according to the
copied label of the Rust Herbarium, though a copied label
from the Davenport Herbarium at the Gray Herbarium,
apparently though not certainly referring to this same
collection, bears the date Aug., 1879. Neither fulfills the
requirement of July, 1879, which excludes the Scott Mt.
collection. The sheet that does fulfill the requirement
bears the label ‘‘Scott val.[ley] near Shasta July 23,
1879, Legit J. G. Lemmon’’ (C). The lack of uniformity
in Lemmon’s labelling is easily sufficient to account for
Underwood’s having been supplied only the vague local-

2See Day, Rhodora 20: 74-75. 1918 as to dates of publication

Notes ON CALIFORNIA PTERIDOPHYTES 123

ity ‘‘near Mt. Shasta.’’ In fact there is at (C) a second
sheet. that bears a very different label from the first, but
which I believe to be part of the same collection. The
first is labelled, apparently in Mr. Lemmon’s hand:
‘(New to N.[orth] <A.[merica] till 1879. Aspidium
mohrioides, Mt. Shasta Cal. Legit J. G. Lemmon and
wife. (Very rare) 1879.’’ (‘‘Legit J. G. Lemmon and
wife’’ was printed on the label form.) The word ‘‘Lem-
mon’’ was doubly underscored. I believe that the under-
Scoring indicates Mr. Lemmon as collector. I believe
further that Mrs. Lemmon copied what I take to be the
earlier label and omitted ‘‘Scott val.’’ and changed
““Shasta’’ to ‘‘Mt. Shasta.’’? Finally I conclude that
Scott Valley, Siskiyou Co., is the type locality. This does
not mean that I believe that the type was actually col-
lected on the floor of Scott Valley. The floor of the Val-
ley is at about 3,000 ft. elevation and is low Transition
Zone at most. The lowest altitude at which, so far as I
know, this fern has been collected is 4,500 ft. in the low
Canadian Zone in the Marble Mts. to the west. But a
valley includes its sides so a location anywhere on the
adjacent mountains or slopes draining into Scott Valley
can be considered, in a loose sense, in Scott Valley.
It is entirely possible that the Lemmon specimens from
Scott Mt., ‘‘under Pinus Balfouriana,’’ distributed with
printed labels bearing no date of collection may be part
of the type collection. A hint as to this possibility is
given by Eaton, Ferns N. A. 2: 252. 1880, where he states,
“‘Mountains of northern California, at an elevation of
8,000 ft. J. G. Lemmon, July 1879.’’ Lemmon evidently
told Eaton the altitude and date of the collection from
Scott Mt. Lemmon’s slight (600 ft.) overestimate of the
altitude is understandable since the area was then unsur-
veyed.

Besides the confusion as to the type locality, there has

124 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

been confusion in published statements of the occurrence
of this species. Parish, Fern Bull. 12:11. 1904, states:
‘Known only from the headwaters of the Sacramento
River in Mt. Shasta. ...’’ This report was the result
of too much quoting and an inadequate consideration of
the geography. The Sacramento River really has its
headwaters to the south of Mt. Eddy. Perhaps Parish
was using ‘‘Mt. Shasta’’ in the traditional broad sense
mentioned hereinbefore. Possibly Parish took his geog-
raphy from Erythea 2: 142. 1890, where a news note
probably by Jepson concludes: ‘‘The first camp of the
party was established at an elevation of 3,600 ft. on the
slopes of Mt. Shasta at the headwaters of the Sacramento
River.’’ Parish, having erroneously credited the species
to Mt. Shasta, states, Fern Bull. 83-84. 1904
**Polystichum Lemmoni Underw. Mr. C. F. Baker’s last
distribution includes specimens of this rare fern from Mt.
Eddy in Siskiyou Co., where it was collected in Aug. 1893
by Dr. E. B. Copeland. Mt. Eddy is a neighbor of Mt.
Shasta, the station already known.’’ Parish had over-
looked Watson’s report of this (as Aspidium mohrioides)
Bot. Cal. 2: 347. 1880, ‘‘On the southern slopes of Mt.
Eddy, at the headwaters of the South Fork of the Sacra-
mento River, Lemmon.’’ Jepson’s report of P. Lemmont
from Mt. Shasta, Man. FI. Pls. Calif., 37. 1923, is per-
haps based on Parish’s reports noted above. Lemmon’s
report, Ferns Pacif. Coast ed. 1: 12. 1882, of this as
‘‘A [spidium] mohrioides, Bory ‘New Shasta Shield
fern’ Mt. Eddy, Headwaters of Sacramento River; near
Shasta, Cal. 1879. (New Species!) ’’ is the report of two
different collections: the collection from Mt. Eddy in
1878 and the collection from Scott Valley in 1879. His
statement ‘‘near Shasta’’ did not refer to the now mori-
bund hamlet of Shasta near Redding nor to Mt. Shasta
[City], the present legal post office name of what was

Notes ON CALIFORNIA PTERIDOPHYTES 125

formerly known as Sisson and still earlier Sisson’s, but
to Mt. Shasta, the peak, i.e., the collection from Scott Val-
ley near Mt. Shasta.

In order to assist future workers who may study P.
Lemmoni a list of the definite citations of collection of
this fern follows. The herbaria in which specimens of
these collections are deposited are given.

Mt. Eddy, Siskiyou Co., J. G. Lemmon, July 12, 1878
(C, UCLA, G, NY). At (C) are three sheets all labelled,
on *‘Lemmon Herbarium’” labels, ‘‘ Aspidium mohrioides
Bory.’’ Two have identical labels apparently in Mr.
Lemmon’s hand: ‘‘Near Mt. Shasta, Cal. July 12, 1878.’’
The third label written after 1880 (this is evident from
the printed date 188[ ] on the label form) apparently
in Mrs. Lemmon’s hand reads ‘‘Mt. Eddy near Shasta
Mt. July 1878.’’ The sheet at (UCLA) was on the same
label form as the last. Whoever wrote the label forgot
to change the second printed ‘‘8’’ when the final written
‘8’? was supplied so the date appears erroneously as
“*1888.’’ It seems safe to assume this error, as the col-
lection was made on July 12. The sheet at (NY) lacks
the original label but the ‘‘Herb. of D. C. Eaton’’ label
states that it was collected thirty miles west of Mt. Shasta
by J. G. Lemmon in 1878. There is another sheet at
(NY) from Mt. Eddy but as it is undated and since
Lemmon collected this species on Mt. Eddy in both 1878
and 1889 there is no way of telling from which collection
this sheet came. The 1878 collection is cited by Watson,
Bot. Calif. 2: 347. 1880, and by Lemmon, Ferns Pacif.
Coast ed.1:12. 1882.

Scott Valley, Siskiyou Co., J. G. Lemmon, July 23, 1879
(C, NY). The two sheets at (C) and the single sheet at
(NY) have already been discussed. Reported by Eaton,
Ferns N. Amer. 2: 128. 1880, Underwood, Native Ferns,
ed. 6, 117. 1900, and by Lemmon, idem. Mt. Eddy,

126 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Siskiyou Co. at 5,500 ft. Aug. 18, 1903, E. B. Copeland
3814 (C,G, P). Reported by Parish, Fern Bull 12: 83-
84. 1904. Dorleska, Trinity Co., 6,500 ft., July 18,
1909, H. M. Hall 8573 (C). Cited by Mrs. C. C. Hall in
Kennedy, Wild Fls. Calif., 158. 1917.

Collections not previously definitely reported are:
Trinity Co.: At edge of a snowbank, head of Union Lake
Valley, Salmon River Mts., above 6,500 ft., July 22, 1909,
H. M. Hall 8622 (C). Siskiyou Co.: Mts. about the head-
waters of the Sacramento River, at 7,500-8,000 ft., Aug.
19, 1881, C. G. Pringle (G); under Pinus Balfouriana,
Scott Mt., J. G. Lemmon in 1879 or 1880 (C, G, NY);
about granite rocks, east side of Mt. Eddy, elevation ca.
7,500 ft. at upper limit of yellow pine belt, Aug. 28, 1914,
A, A. Heller 11739 (C), (Distributed as Dryopteris ore-
gana C. Chr.) ; below Cold Spring, West Fork Wooley
Creek, Marble Mts. alt. 5,000 ft. Aug. 5, 1908, G@. D.
Butler 238 (C, P) ; dry rocks, Shackleford Creek, Marble
Mts., July 12, 1910, alt. 4,500 ft., G. D. Butler 1756 (C,
P), 1757 (C, P). This last has short (maximum length
ca. 13 em.) much congested fronds. It was evidently
growing with the other number. It would be worthy of
recognition as forma if the western flora were sufficiently
well known to warrant the giving of names to such trivial
variants. Siskiyou Mts., Siskiyou Co.: About rocks on
bare north slope, head of East Fork of Horse Creek, alt.
6,500 ft., Aug. 13, 1934, Wheeler 3114 (UCLA, W);
about rocks, dry open north slope, north side of
White Mt., alt. 5,800 ft., Aug. 14, 1934, Wheeler 3137
(UCLA, W).

PotysticHumM Loncuitis (L.) Roth. This species is
rare in California. It has been reported: Long Lake,
Plumas Co., alt. 6,800 ft., July 12, 1912, Mrs. C. C. Hall
9347 (C); Smiley, UC Pub. Bot. 9: 76. 1921, & Jepson,
Man. FI. Pls. Calif., 36. 1923. Castle Lake, Siskiyou

Notes on CALIFORNIA PTeRIDOPHYTES 127

Co. Pringle in 1882 (G), Underwood, Our Native Ferns,
ed. 6, 115. 1900, & Jepson, idem. Castle Lake, Nevada
Co., Jepson, idem. Unreported collections: Hupa Indian
Reservation, Humboldt Co., alt. 500 ft., June, 1901, H.
P. Chandler (C). Siskiyou Mts., Siskiyou Co.: Rock
Gulch off Jaynes Canyon, alt. 6,000 ft., Aug. 6, 1934,
Wheeler 3058 (UCLA, W); Dead Cow Creek, alt. 6,200
ft, Aug. 10, 1934, Wheeler 3100 (W). In Jaynes Can-
yon and Dead Cow Creek the fern occurs here and there
in fair abundance at the bases of north-facing cliffs and
in shady sites near streams.

PoLysticHUM scopuLINUM (D.. C. Eaton) Maxon.
This fern is of sufficient rarity to warrant citing addi-
tional stations. From Siskiyou Co. it was reported first
by Merriam (as Dryopteris aculeata var. scopulina) N.
Am, Fauna, USDA 16: 136. 1899, from Mt. Shasta
which seems to be the only station reported for the county.
Along the east end of the Siskiyou Mountains summit it
israther abundant. The following collections were made:
Siskiyou Mts., Siskiyou Co.: Shady foot of cliff, Rock
Gulch off Jaynes Canyon, alt. 6,000 ft. Aug. 6, 1934,
Wheeler 3059 (UCLA, W); about rocks, sunny south
Slope, head of East Fork of Horse Creek, alt. 6,500 ft.,
Aug. 13, 1934, Wheeler 3113 (W); sunny serpentine
ridge, Trapper Creek, alt. 6,500 ft, Aug. 26, 1934,
Wheeler 3225 (UCLA, W). No. 3113 was growing with
P. Lemmoni. P. scopulinwm favored the south sunny
side of the small rocky summit on which they were grow-
ing and P. Lemmoni preferred the north side. The two
Oceurred together here and there but no intermediates
were noted. The two species occur together elsewhere
and are distinguishable: ‘‘Mt. Eddy, near Shasta,’ J. G.
Lemmon, July 12, 1878 (C). Lemmon collected this at
the same time and at apparently the same station as the
Specimens of P. Lemmoni cited hereinbefore.

128 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

PELLAEA Bripcestt Hooker. Ewan, Am. Fern Journ.
24:6. 1934, states, concerning the alleged occurrence of
this species in Southern California: ‘‘The record of
cot Soe & Moxley ..., the only one from our

.’ There was a much earlier report of this:
Heller, ‘Muh. 4: 13. 1908, quotes an eastern (U. S.)
correspondent who writes... ‘‘I can cite Pellaea
Bridgesw, which I have from San Diego County, collected
by myself somewhere in the Cuyamaca Mountains, gaslier
in those days exact stations were not noted by me.’’
Heller writes me that the name of the correspondent fe
been forgotten. Consequently the record cannot be
checked. It is barely possible that this fern might occur
on Cuyamaca Peak but, as the peak only reaches 6,515 ft.
altitude, it seems improbable, for the fern is a high-
montane species.

As for the Davidson & Moxley report for [Big?] Dal-
ton Canyon, San Gabriel Mts., it was at best based on a
juvenile plant of P. andromedaefolia, for Dalton Canyon
is, at most, low Transition Zone, and since, fide Moxley
in a letter to Munz, no specimen was preserved, it cannot
be validated.

CHEILANTHES INTERTEXTA Maxon. The northernmost
collection of this species reported is that cited by Maxon,
Proe. Biol. Soe. Wash. 31: 150. 1918: Mill Creek, Ukiah,
Mendocino Co., Bolander 4640 in 1866. It occurs four
miles east of Grenada, Shasta Valley, Siskiyou Co., alt.
2,850 ft., Wheeler 3344 (G, W). The fern was growing
from dry south-facing crevices in lava. The vegetational
aspect of the region was definitely that of the Great Basin,
for Juniperus occidentalis was abundant on the lava hills.
While this occurrence seems strange in this region it is
matched by the report of this species from Virginia City,
Nevada, by Maxon, idem. Virginia City is in the Great
Basin area.

NoTEs ON CALIFORNIA PTERIDOPHYTES 129

Marsiuea vestiTa Hooker & Greville. This species has
been reported in California as far north as Eagle Lake,
Lassen Co., Jepson, Man. Fl. Pls. Cal., 39. 1923. It is
common in Modoe Co.: Big Valley, Milo 8. Baker, June—
Aug. 1903 (C) ; adobe bed of dried pool two miles north-
east of Alturas, alt. 4,450 ft., Aug. 18, 1935, Wheeler
3897 (W); sunny, formerly wet, adobe shore, Everly
Reservoir, Devil’s Garden, alt. ea. 5,000 ft. Sept. 18, 1935,
Wheeler 3993 (G, W); in shallow pool and dry rocky
stream bed, Fletcher Creek, at Pease’ Place, Devil’s Gar-
den, alt. ca. 5,000 ft. Sept. 12, 1935, Wheeler 3975 (G,

). It is apparently rare in Siskiyou Co.: Submersed
in river, Shasta River two miles below Yreka Creek, Sis-
kiyou Mts. alt. 2,200 ft., Oct. 14, 1934, Wheeler 3323
(W). This last was determined by Maxon.

In Southern California this species is infrequent. The
Station farthest to the northwest reported in Southern
California is Santa Moniea, Davidson, Cat. Pls. A: Co;
34. 1896. It has been collected in Ventura Co.: Edge
of pond five miles north of Ventura, June 24, 1927,
Feudge 1611 (P).

PILULARIA AMERICANA A. Br. Reported in California
as far north as Calaveras Co., J. T. Howell, Leafl. West.
Bot. 1: 14. 1932. The following additional collections
have been made: Submersed in a rainpool in a clay mesa
between Boulder and Churn Creeks three miles northeast
of Redding, Shasta Co., Mar. 31, 1935, Wheeler 3394
(W). Devil’s Garden, alt. ca. 5,000 ft., Modoe Co.:
Sunny shore in drying mud, South Mt. Reservoir, Aug.
22, 1935, Wheeler 3911 (G, W); sunny muddy shore,
Everly Reservoir, Sept. 17, 1935, Wheeler 3990 (G, W);
adobe mud at edge of sunny streamlet, Back Tuttle Place,
Sept. 30, 1935, Wheeler 4030 (W). Pilularia is abun-
dant on the mud flats around the numerous stock-watering
reservoirs on the Devil’s Garden. Here and also at

130 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Redding it grows intermixed with young Eleocharis from
which it is scarcely distinguishable by the aspect of the
aérial parts. It is necessary to wash the mud from sam-
ples taken here and there until the small round sporo-
carps which readily distinguish Pilularia from Eleocharis
are found. Perhaps diligent examination of rainpools
throughout the state will reveal that Pilularia is a com-
mon component of their characteristic vegetation.

IsorTes Nurtrauyi A. Br. There has been considerable
debate as to whether any Southern California material
should be referred to this species. See Munz & Johnston,
Am. Fern Journ. 12: 122. 1922. Munz, Man. So. Calif.
Bot., 12. 1935, gives definitely only the mesas at San
Diego for the occurrence of this species in So. California.
Likewise Pfeiffer, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 9: 131. 1922,
reports this only from San Diego Co. in Southern Cali-
fornia. The following collections were made at Pudding-
stone Dam, San Jose Hills, Los Angeles Co.: Wet slope,
abundant locally, alt. 900 ft. Mar. 11, 1934, Wheeler 2436
(G, W); damp sloping ground which was near a vernal
streamlet but was never flooded; with Callitriche mar-
ginata, alt. 1,000 ft., Mar. 6, 1934, Wheeler 2437 (G, W).

Isornres Orcurtn A. A. Eaton. This is reported only
as far north as Contra Costa Co. by Pfeiffer, Am. Mor.
Bot. Gard. 9: 133. 1922. It was abundant, submersed
in a rainpool in a clay mesa between Boulder and Churn
Creeks three miles northeast of Redding, Shasta Co., Mar.
31, 1935, Wheeler 3395 (W). This collection extends the
known range of this species about 175 miles north.

Isorres Howeiii Engelmann. Unreported in Siski-
you Co. but reported by Pfeiffer, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard.
9: 141. 1922, in adjacent Trinity Co. Siskiyou Co.:
Sunny bed of dried rainpool, Soda Creek, Sterling Mt.,
Siskiyou Mts., alt. 5,500 ft., July 3, 1934, Wheeler 2871

Notes ON CALIFORNIA PTERIDOPHYTES 131

(W). Unreported in northeastern California. Reported
by Pfeiffer from the central Sierra Nevada and Chico.
In the small lakes in Pine Creek drainage at the extreme
north end of the Warner Mts. in California this species
is abundant. (This Pine Creek is the one Russell, Univ.
Calif. Pub. Geol. 17: 393. 1928, proposes to call Pine
Creek North in order to distinguish it from the Pine
Creek east of Alturas.) The following collections were
made: Warner Mts., Modoe Co.: Pine Creek: Abundant
in and at edge of shallow sunny pond, Rock Lake, alt.
6,300 ft., Aug. 3, 1935, Wheeler 3757 (G, W); on sunny
muddy shore and in shallow water, Cave Lake, alt. 6,800
ft., Aug. 14, 1935, Wheeler 3857 (G, W); in sunny mud
at edge of lake, formerly submersed, Lily Lake, alt. 6,800
ft., Oct. 6, 1935, Wheeler 4025 (W). Submersed in
heavy soil in sunny pond, Brandey, East Fork Bidwell
Creek, alt. 7,900 ft., Aug. 5, 1935, Wheeler 3785 (G, W).

SELAGINELLA SCOPULORUM Maxon. The nearest station
to California reported in literature for this species is:
Sumpter Valley watershed, Blue Mountains, Baker Co.,
Oregon, alt. 2,280 m., Ferris & Duthie 941, by Maxon,
Am. Fern Journ. 11: 37. 1921.

Tt oceurs along the Siskiyou Mountains summit in Cali-
fornia and adjacent Oregon about 260 miles southwest
of the Blue Mountains station: Orzcon, Jackson Co.:
Dry rocky exposed south ridge, Siskiyou Peak, Siskiyou
Mts., alt. 6,700 ft., July 25, 1934, Wheeler 2981 (UCLA,
W). (This Siskiyou Peak is not the peak by that name
on the Ashland Oregon Quadrangle. That peak is now
called Ashland Peak on the Klamath National Forest map
(1934 half-inch scale) and Siskiyou Peak lies between the
heads of the East and West Forks of Long John Creek.)
Cautrornia, Siskiyou Co.: Siskiyou Mts.: Open rocky
Summit, Big Rock, Dog Fork of Middlehell Creek, alt.
6,860 ft., Aug. 3, 1934, Wheeler 3036 (W); about rocks

132 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

on sunny south slope with Juniperus communis L. var.
montana Ait., on the peak locally known as ‘‘ Black Mt.’’
but unnamed on maps, one-half mile west of White Mt.,
alt. 6,300 ft., Aug. 14, 1934, Wheeler 3122 (W).

SELAGINELLA WALLACEI Hieron. Reported by Maxon
in Abrams Il. Fl. Pae. St.1: 49. 1923, ‘‘Oregon & south
along the coast to Marin Co., Calif.’’ It oceurs about
sixty miles inland in Siskiyou Mts., Siskiyou Co.: Dry
sunny south facing rock crevices, East Fork Horse Creek,
alt. 5,000 ft., Aug. 15, 1934, Wheeler 3158 (W); south
slope about rocks, West Fork Seiad Creek, alt. 3,800 ft.,
Apr. 14, 1935, Wheeler 3419 (W).

Gray HerBaRIuM, Harvarp UNIVERSITY, CAMBRIDGE,

Mass.

Keys to the Ferns of Iowa’
A. S. Lywnesss, Px.D.
I. A VEGETATIVE eae TO THE ating or Iowa FERNS
D Frern-ALu

A. Leaves always ree but ae ie pinnatifid. B.
B. Leaves pitas ba their margins to form a sheath

about the s Equisetum. 10.
B. ehtis 2 a by their margins C.
C. Leaves 2-lobed, imbricated on pinnately branched

ste, which emit ohio beneath ; plants small

and floating on the wi Azolla. 4.

C. Leaves quill-like, spate poe a short, fleshy, bi-

lobed or trilobed corm; plants rooted in mud,
partly or entirely submerged in water.

Isoetes. 11.

C. Leaves small and entire, or — and deeply pin-

natifid, borne on terrestrial pistht 2 D.

D, Leaves ‘small and scale-like, at in two to

any r _ along branching annual or Soi

jal stem
1 Adaptable to other states of the Middle West.

Keys To THE Ferns or Jowa—lI 133

EK. Leaves convex on the back, 4- to many-ranked,
tipped with distinct, translucent iaktoh spores

inds inella. 21.

E. Leaves flattened, imbricated, 4- to 16- ohh acu-
ate or acute; spores of one kind and sul-

phur-yellow Lycopodium. 12.

D. Leaves larger, never scale-like, entire or deeply
pinnati F.

F. Leaves entire, rites from the base to a long,
acuminate point, which often roots and starts

a new plant; sori te or oblong on the under

Side Of the Leaves ..cccccecsecccene Camptosorus. 6.

F’. Leaves cut almost or quite to the midrib into uni-
r variable segments G.
G. Leaves ovate-oblong i in outline; segments Ape
ing but little in length fon tip to bas
Polyp iit a.
G. Leaves broadly triangular in spies By ne
lengthening rapidly from tip to base. .......... FH.

H. Sterile and fertile fronds different.

noclea. 14.
H. Sterile and fertile fronds alike.

Thelypteris. 22.

Pe Leaves conipenid io a ek
I. Leaves palmately compound, quadrifoliolate ; leaflets
spas entire ; petioles rong; syed plants rooted
mud, leaves above the water ........ Marsilea. 13.
: fetes ternately souhonne Ee eae Cee er nie J.
J. Upper pinnae undivided, the lower more or less pin-
natifid ; fertile fronds with marginal, linear, con-
ti ori Pteridium. 20.
J. Ternate divisions pinnate with pinnatifid pinnae ;
fertile branch long-stalked, rising above the ster-
ile nor itty with sporangia on aes side of its

DYAMGHOS oo ee trychium. 5.

L Leaves ‘innately eobooiAd: 20 a K.
K. Lea TUCO PUTA oan eveveessenssennnceeniarerettnnsenseannnnnecnseut L.
L. Pine Hot pimnatind 2. M.

M. Sori round ; leaves narrowly oblong or cision ;
pinnae with sharply toothed or spinulose m
gins ; fertile pinnae on oe, tip of fertile
frond

134 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

M. Sori linear or elongated N.
N. Leaves linear-lanceolate, 6 to 12 dm. high;
pinnae entire or crenulate, not auricled.

Athyrium. 3.

N. Leaves linear-oblanceolate, 2 to 5 dm. high;
te auricled, with crenate or incised mar-
Asplenium. FS

gin

L. Pinnae sone atifid
O. Sterile and fertile fronds very different. .......... ¥.
P. Fertile frond much shorter than ot sterile;
pinnae pod-like; sterile frond 6 to 30 dm.

ig eretrs. 19.
P. Fertile frond about as long as sterile, sige con-
tracted, or with a few contracted pinnae for
spore- ‘bearing on the sides of the otherwise
sterile fro Osmunda, 15.

P. Fertile feonde much longer than sterile and with
narrower divisions; margins of segments re-
flexed over sporangia, finally spreading out

flat ryptogramma. 8.

O. Sterile and fertile fronds very much alike ........ Q.
Q. Sori oblong or linear, curved at one end over the
veins, often horseshoe-shaped ; indusia some-
times too thed Athyrium. 3.
Q. Sori Aes or roundish, with or without indu-

R.

R. Eatela if present, superior ...... tie dhs 22.
R. Indusia wholly or partly inferior .......... 8
vascular bundles in stipe oval,

roundish or fiat; indusia attached at the

side stopteris. 9.

S. Stipes commonly jointed above the base; vas-

are mostly concealed by the sporangia.
Woodsia. 23.

K. Leaves twice-pinnate ie
T. Leaves with pinnatifid pimmulles occ U.
U. Leaves low and tufted, 8 to 15 em. high, pubes-
cent, especially beneath ; sori small, roundish,
distinct, or nearly continuous, formed in the

Recent FERN LEAT CMe 135

reflexed margins of the separate eae of the
segments Cheilanthes. 7.
U. Leaves larger, 15 to 20 em. high, not ea
deltoid-ovate in outline; sori copious, naked,
forming submarginal rows around the seg-
ments. Thelypteris. =

U. Leaves large, 20 to 40 em. ‘broad, on stalks 20 t
0 em. high, obliquely orbieular i in outline, fe
pubescent; sori borne on the upper cleft mar-

gins of the pinnules; stalks shining.

diantum. 1,
hs

T. Leaves with undivided pinnules
V. Leaves 1 to 6 dm. high; pinnae broadly linear or
oblong; fertile fronds green, and taller than

the sterile ones, with pinnules more contracted ;

sori marginal ‘and covered with the reflexed
margins of the pinnules .................... Pellaea. 16.

V. Leaves 3 to 16 dm. high; sterile pinnules oblong-
oval to lance-oblong ; fertile branch of frond
destitute of poring’ a contracted ;
naked short-stalked spor: rne on the
narrow pinnules of the fertile Aivaich.
Osmunda. 15.

Norte :—In the above key the number after the generic
name refers to the number of that genus in the Key to
the Iowa species which is to follow.

(To be continued)

Recent Fern Literature

The latest addition to state fern lists which has come to
our attention is one on Iowa? It is a pamphlet of 52
pages, including descriptions of species, excellent habitat
Views of many of them, and county maps showing by dots
the distribution of each within the state. The work gives
evidence of care in its preparation, and contains fewer

1 Melhus, I. E. Native Ferns of Iowa. Iowa State College
Rctesitas Cnreaiic no. 225, June, 1936.

136 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

errors than several other recent fern books. Pellaea gla-
bella is correctly listed as the only widespread represen-
tative of this genus, and the cut of Cystopteris fragilis
is good enough to show the features of var. genuina. One
unfortunate transposition of cuts between pages 29 and
31 may be noted. The data given as to the rarer species
of the state are disappointing, several which apparently
here reach range-limits being confused with others or
overlooked entirely; these comprise Adiantum capillus-
veneris, Cryptogramma stelleri, Woodsia cathcartiana,
Phegopteris dryopteris, Lycopodium clavatum, and L.
flabelliforme. And a number of county records given in
articles which have appeared in the pages of this JouURNAL
are not included on the maps.

Shorter Notes

A SuGeeEstion ror Frevp Stupy.—The subject of ferns
and fern allies as host plants for several species of dodder
(Cuscuta) has recently been discussed interestingly by
Dean,’ on the basis of both field and experimental green-
house studies, with a review of the scant literature. Out
of two dozen species of pteridophytes experimented with
in 1933, Singh was able to parasitize Cuscuta reflexa upon
only one, Athyrium pectinatum Wall., of India, though
he was notably successful with nearly all angiosperms
tried. The list of definitely identified pteridophyta hosts
(mainly as wild plants) for the various species of Cuscuta
is, in fact, a short one: Asplenium Trichomanes, Athyrium
filix-femina, A. pectinatum, Dryopteris dentata, D. filiz-
mas, D. Robertiana, Cystopteris fragilis, Marsilea Drum-
mondii, Equisetum pratense, and E. variegatum. Surely
members of the Fern Society can increase this number.
It is the writer’s guess that such rank-growing lowland

1 Henry L. Dean, ‘‘Cuscuta as a Parasite upon Pteridophytes,’’
_ in Annals of Botany, 50: 823-825. 1936.

shan

SHorter Notes 1st

plants as Dryopteris thelypteris, D. cristata, and Osmunda
cimnamomea can rather readily be added, and probably
several other of our native species as well, assuming that
such unlikely host plants as Cystopteris fragilis, As-
plenium Trichomanes, and Dryopteris Robertiana have
been properly identified. Who among our members can
add to the list? Besides the fern specimen, good her-
barium material of the Cuscuta, ample for specific identi-
fication and for future reference, should in every case be
colleeted.—Wiuram R. Maxon, U. 8. National Museum.

NARROW-LEAVED SPLEENWORT FOUND IN WAYNE
County, Pa—The Narrow-leaved Spleenwort (As-
plenium pycnocarpon) is rare enough in some localities
to make its discovery worth mention. I found about
twenty plants at the upper end of Lobez’ Pond, about one
mile west of Shehawken, Wayne County, Pennsylvania,
in August, 1937. I believe this is the only reported sta-
tion for this fern in either Wayne or Susquehanna
Counties.

The land was ‘‘cleared’’ about fifty years ago, and is
now covered with second growth maples. Along with this
fern were growing Asplenium acrostichoides, Dryopteris
intermedia, and Adiantum pedatum. On rocks in the
immediate vicinity were several small colonies of Camp-
tosorus feisty: The pond is 1,650 feet above sea-
level—_ W. Li. D

Saw-F Ly Dawe Eat EquiseETUM ARVENSE.—During
the first week in June, 1937, I noticed many sterile shoots
of Equisetum arvense L. having their branches gnawed
or eaten off. The plants were in a ravine near Columbus,
Ohio. A little investigation disclosed numerous larvae
on some plants as the cause of the injury. The larvae
were identified by Professor Alvah Peterson of the De-
partment of Zoology and Entomology as a species of saw-

138 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

fiy. This was the first.injury of the sort that I had ever
noticed, although it must be a common phenomenon. In
some plants the end of the stem and several whorls of
upper branches were completely eaten off. Mostly, how-
ever, the central portion of the stem and the sheaths were
left, the larvae only gnawing off one or more of the branch
ridges. <A single lepidopterous larva was also found eat-
ing the branches of a shoot. The same injury was noted
on sterile shoots of the field horsetail in July at Elk
Rapids, Michigan, but the larvae doing the damage had
all disappeared.—JoHn H. Scuarrner, The Ohio State
University.

American Fern Society

As scheduled in the July-September Fern JOURNAL,
the joint field trip of the Torrey Botanical Club and the
Fern Society, was held as planned in ‘the vicinity of

wens, Sussex County, New Jersey, Sunday, September
26th. Twenty-five enthusiasts appeared at the time ap-
pointed under ideal weather conditions. The glaciation
to which this part of New Jersey had been subjected,
produced many very favorable fern habitats; the numer-
ous swamps, bogs and bare rock ledges support a variety
of luxuriant ferns. In the little-disturbed woodlands
and swamps near Owens the immense old trees protect a
superb representation of fern species in which Dryopteris
predominate. The group assembled at Wallkill Lake and
were soon carefully scanning the limestone outerops, not-
ing Asplenium trichomanes and A. platyneuron, Dry-
opteris marginalis, Camptosorus rhizophyllus, and Cyst-
opteris fragilis (var. Mackayi).

After exhausting the possibilities of the lake-margin
the party was guided into the woods and adjacent swamp,
which fortunately was not very wet at that time. Here in

AMERICAN FERN Society 139

the extensive stands of beautiful ferns, Dr. Wherry called
attention to a large number of D. simulata and, close by,
to some very good specimens of that favorite hybrid, D.
Boottii. In addition the following species were on our
list of finds in this area: Botrychium obliquum and B. dis-
sectum, Osmunda regalis and O. cinnamomea, Asplenium
platyneuron, Athyrium acrostichoides and A. angustum,
the northern lady-fern, Polystichum acrostichoides, The-
lypteris noveboracensis, T. palustris, Dryopteris cristata,
D. clintoniana, D. marginalis, D. spinulosa (including
var. fructuosa) and D. intermedia, Dennstaedtia puncti-
lobula, Onoclea sensibilis, Lycopodium lucidulum, Selagi-
nella apoda. After a rather thorough exploration,
Messrs. Benedict and Edwards, the energetic and tireless
leaders, suggested visiting another locality as a climax to
the day’s activities. With few exceptions the whole party
followed to a cut on the D. L. & W. R. R. through lime-
stone, near Andover Junction. Here, between the rocky
wall and the railroad were found Botrychium virgini-
anum, Osmunda claytoniana, Polypodium virginianum,
Adiantum pedatum, Pellaea atropurpurea and P. glabella,
Asplenium trichomanes, Athyrium pycnocarpon, Camp-
tosorus rhizophyllus, Dryopteris Goldiana, D. marginalis,
D. Goldiana x marginalis, Phegopteris hexagonoptera,
Cystopteris bulbifera and C. fragilis.

In the party of twenty-five the Fern Society was repre-
sented by eight members, R. C. Benedict, W. L. Dix, W.
H. Dole, J. L. Edwards, Mrs. Charles Y. Tanger, H. W.
Trudell, Dr. Edgar T. Wherry and Miss Mary Wright.—
Harry W. Trupewu.

Index to Volume XXVII

rahe agen bs aot 21

, 52, 58,
laciniatum, 52, var. ’ originarium,
58, var. angulare, 52, var.
tr ripartitum.

Alnus tenuifolia, 115, 117
ALSTON, A. H. G. The Pniippine
Species of Selaginella (review),

American Fern pe stp o2, “aa Lh as

Arkansas, ferns of Hot pHugs, 59
Ber ts jugiandifolium, 45 ; mar-
nale, mohrioides, 123-1 25;
hoveboracense, 60. See also Dry-
ris, Phanerop snag Poly-

86; rhizophyllum, 23; Ruta-mu-
raria, . 222 Saxatil i
cisum, ; Scolopendrium, 23 ;

Trichomanes, 10, 13, 20, 74, 77,
80, 86, 92-95, 136, 137, f. a
riculatum, 20, - 20,
var, delicatulum, 20; vesper-
tinum, 20; Be snpiy': var. cahaate um,
ae See o Athyri ium, Phyl-
itis

Asplenosorus ebenoi

teeta. 134; acrostichoides, ay
77, 85, 92, "93; alpes

115; ; Sraatl

num, 13, r. ru m, 58,
65, var. t —o 58; aspleni-
oides, 8, 10, 60, 65, 76, 85;

Filix- femina, *, 136, yar. com-
14

13, var. dentatum, 13,
ichauxii, 13, subvar. ela-

yh p de, 92, 94
thelepueraihies Mat Reig anvoaks:
choides, 27, f. eee ee 27, var.
serratum, 57. See also Asple-
nium

Azolla, 132

gone a8 AT
Bark mae R. All in a day’s trip
pa ded
ReeCT = C. Philip Dowell
(obitua 4

M10 ¢ multifidum, ‘16,
ore: omu 6

1

positum, 16, var. tenebrosum,
58; tenebrosum, 16; ternatum
var. Agneti 53 virginianum,

f foes (iS 72, 89, 93, 94, var.

gractie 16
Bot sb 0 105
Bracken, Pre , 603 a8 2

— eee notes on,

Callitriche marginata, 1

Camptosorus, 24, 133; opin
lus, 8, 10, 13, 53, 24, 56,
94, 137, f. angustatus, a f. au-
riculatus, 23, f. Boycei, 23, f. te
oo 23, var. intermedius,

INDEX TO

Capsicum baccatum, 47
a em Halieacabum, 47
a acuminata,

eatin isd: t ciateeinits 60,

19, 873 gisndulltera, aes inter-
texta, 128; Kaulfussi 5i, 109 ;
lanosa 73, 80, 87; Nenenmuta,
109 ; Lindheimeri, 43, 7 Prin:
glei, 43; sonorensis, 43; tom men.
tosa, 60, 78, 80, 82, 87; viscosa,
109 ; Wrightii, 45, 46 °*

CHENEY, Bok eport of the au-
diting committee,

Chili ha tegen Pi

Christm

he
Cliff- peaks.” Stctnbeteuined: 60
Clu pte cam aa 14, 77; Lloyd’s, T4;

shini

Cryptogtémna, 134 ; acrosti-
choid

Cuscuta reflex 6

Cyrptomium. faleatu m,

Cystopteris, ot bulb hy oie To 2,
10, 74, 83, 93, 95, var. de-
pauperata, Sor Filix-fragilis, 14,

> , > ¥

ar

Mackayii, 14; fragilis, 7, 9, 10,

Sonia. orb, rye rae an7, 2
val

A var, Mackay: i ess eats,

iphora pie de: 118
Dasylitton.¥ Wheeleri, Suet
a par
— on pesrigupnytie gti sends
Dennstaedtia, 26;
10, i ve ae punctilobula, 7,
Dix, v f.. ‘Narrow-leaved splee
Wort ‘in Wayne Co., Pennsylva-
re 137; prolific Botrychiums,

WELL, PHILIP. Obituary, 41

imarey hylla
60, 92, 95."

See also Menis-
um, Phegopteris, Polystichum

and . elypteris.

ME ‘J. Morphology of vas-
eegtl® pi ( ees

Christmas ot ~ fo

VOLUME 27 141

Equisetum, 132; arvense, 16, 25,
th 89, 137, saw-fly larvae eat,
psendosilvaticum, 25,
var.

16; ; fuviatile, ie’
oi War. Tantnen um, ba var,

m va uligi-
veatiaitinnees,
affine, f. poly-

variegatoides, i
f. verticillatum, 16;
litorale, LG; cpalnatets 16, var.
m, 16; beige 16,: 336
syivaticum, BK, multira-
58, var. Pele atemd ice)
f. “quiliieanouans 58; telmateia,
17; variegatum, 136
Eriogonum heracleoides, 114 ; oval-
ifolium, 114

FaRWELL, O. A. Ferns and fern
allies Bd the ev? waned Penin-

_sula, Michigan,

Fern, ‘Alabama tip. 60, 79; Amer-
ican shield, 75, 17: beech, a Gs
eta 95; bladder, 13, 95; brit-
tle, 61, 77, 95; br ch, 60,
76, 95; bulblet, 73, 95; Christ-

60, ffect of

light on the fruiting of, 66; cin-
namon, 15, oe Mee 96; (lay.
ton’s, 79;

80; cloak, pre Fo7 at “wood,
pack Epc grape, 78;

60; 77; feniaie,, 3:
flowering, 15; gla ade, 94; Gol-
die’s, 74, grape, 15,
gray cloak, 49: hairy lip, 3
80; hart’s- Apter 80, 82
seen fm iy a eciped
Christmas, be: Interrupted 96;
la dy,

grape, 77;

k, 47; winged beech,
wavy cloa : Tks 0, 82:
Wright

ah tt collestor' notes, 24: Meare
ti 62, 103, 135; —

142

er hia 103 ; Society, 32, 69, 108,
Ferns, ee can, notes on, XXTI
107

n Co., Kentucky, ne of Hot
Since ear egar 59; i’ Towa,
VA tO: 13 eenaw
Peninsula, Michigan, li: varie-
ies and of in eastern
Note hoes: 20,5042.) Of
Idaho, — On, Lil: vacation-
ing among Tennessee, 73

w Hampshir
Polypodium my
ginianum, f. cambricoides, 68
Graptopetalum, 45, 50
GRA at 3 ‘Report of the

neat tin ng committee, 36
pena pine, 18, Me 7,80
Grouper, C. L. A fern- collector’s
pepe i 24; unusual Botrychium
station, 28
Gymnocarpium,
ip Dacre ptnete. ee

Hart’s-tongue, 80, 82

Hechtia, 45
Hippochaete hyemalis, var. Jesupi,
Ade age td gene 17, var. caespi-
tosa, IT,” ver. spitica, 17,
var. rs ame 1, VRE
arie

Dryopteris,

ian of Hardin
Co., Kentucky, 9

Horsetail, ai6 59 ; * pela, 42 460"
Hybr is ee name, 56

Ichthyomethia mollis, 47
Idaho, ferns of, 112
Inodes uresana, 45
Iowa, key to ferns Of. ti tae
Isoetes, 132; Howellii, 130; Nut-
tallii, 130: Oreuttii, 130
ae commun var. mon-
ana, 132: porate ei 128

Kapok, 47
Entei galioides, 114
Kentucky, ferns of Hardin Co., 91

Ler, E. Obituary, 71

ae rs 'N. Asplenium ebeneum
ar. Hortonae, 30

tatauee areolata, 61

oo Trichomanes Petersii

Lycopodium, 133 ; annotinum, 18;
atum, 18, var. brevi spica-

yan 18, var, ‘megastac cae 18,
subvar. trilobum, 18; mpla-

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

natum, 18, var. alpinum, 18,
var. ‘Chamaecyparissus, a var,
flabellatum, 18, sub pro
18, var. sabeliforme,
var,

8,
pare toro 58, var. icropeitows
, var. verum, 58; obscurum,
a 15, Tt, 89, subvar. foliaceum,

19; porophilum, 9,
10, 74, 89; "Selago, 19, :
adpressum, 19, var. patens, 19;
tristachyum

Lygodium palmatum, 6.10 15,-86;

LyNESs, A. S. Keys to the ferns
of Iowa, I, 132

a osama 12, 59, 76; American,

Maidenhair spleenwort, 94
a id K. Notes on Idaho

ae
Marsilea, 133: Drummondii, 136;

Shield ferns of

4 Report of judge
ELHUS, a nce * Native ferns of

low a (re wpe
Meniocian sk sa um, 68; iden-
tity of, 68: reticulatum 68
Mesquite, hone v3
Mexi some (ABs f Sono
Mickieke. —— fhe! x alin oe
ve oy naw Peninsula, 11
Mimulus "Dewiai 115
Mitelle pentandra, 117
Moonwort, 16

New "ramp ire, vary can ph
podium virginianu orm
iriewiaes in, 6
North America, list of varieties

and forms of ferns of eastern,
20, 61
Notholaena bonariensis, 49; cochi-

sensis, 50; dealbata, 44; ' Gomel,
49; nypebonce. 49; Laxman ni, 43,

Oenothera perennis, 28; pumila,
28

INDEX TO VOLUME 27

yar 238 - ae 8, 10, 15,
des 79, Ages 96, var.
rae 58, i
D8 ; _ Struthlopteris, si lo-
bat also Pteletis and
Beruthinnt: eri “4
Ophlogiossum vulgatum, 15, var.
us, 15, var. pseudopodum, 15
Osmunda, 134, 1385; cinnamomea,

aes -- var. vestita,
58; 8, 93, 96, 117, var.
oo 6, 10, 25, 61; 75, 88,

J. Benjamin F, Bush
cape obitiary), 69

Palo blan 4

Pedicularis” groenlandica, 118

Pellaea a ee
28; "atropurpurea, 45. 95,40;
51, 60, 96, f. cristata, BL
var Bushii, 52, var. cristata,

BL var. ene 52, baa pune-
51, r. ven 51
Beige’ 137, 128 ; pinhole
£2,: 43: 52, 136; Seemanni, 51;
ternifolia, 51
Pennsyl Linden narrow-leaved
guleeiw Wayne Co., 137
Phanerophlebia auriculata, 44, 45,
0; juglandifolia, 45: umbo-
nata, i09, 110
Phegopteris, a Ee ae: be od Putas te
; hexagonoptera, 125°" 6

gon

also asPlenium and Scolopen-

Piuincn ria ame
Platanus Wri aha on
Polypodium, “Filix-fragile,”

gs i,

. brach teron,

- deltoideum, 54, xp elon

utum, 54, t
tundatu:

" alato-multifidum, 54,

46," 7%,
Polystichut, 133 ; acrostichoides,

a rs 60, "76, 84, 93, f.
neisum, 66, 67, {. ‘lanceolatum,

143
67, var. incisum, 60; aculeatum,

urshi Se
ZA; sie. 124, 125,

as, 117, 126;
127

Prosopis glandulosa, 43
Pteretis, nodulosa, 97;
St ruthiop pensylva-
reeset ‘eo ee Peri
. obtu 15,
var patina ery See pink
Onoclea and fie aa
Pteridium aquilinu 52,

purea, 51 Z
punctata, 51; latiuseula. 53.
See also Pellaea and Pteridium

Recent fern literature, 62, 103,
a35

Repites, G. Obituary, 71
Report of the faviaa agg oe
1936, 37; of the auditing
mittee,, 36; of the ace of yo
tions, 36; ‘of the president, ed :
the a ry, of

A. H. G., Phi or:

ern
dune "region of Indiana
Weatherby, C.
Pach s American species of
ferns, 63
Pi ‘Strigosus, 114
Rush, scouring, 17

Salvini further note on, 98;
aurictiata, 98-101, var.
98, 102; 0

" oblon olia, :
et dula, 100-102;
rovunaifotia, O8-103: Sprucei,
Saxifraga a cali age

al 45, 50; a Te, 0 131;

144
selaginoides, 20, 118: Under-
woodii, 111; Wallacei, 1382;

Watsoni, 12
Selaginelia, creeping, 75; rock, 79
Pa &, Vacationing among
Teaneaiee ferns, 73
Spleenwort, 13, 115: Bradley’s,
80; ebony, 60, 16, 94; lobed,
94; maidenhair, 74, 77, ’80, 94;

mountain, 77; gs ines Go
77, 94, 7, in Wa
Pennsylvania, 137: pinnatind.
82; Scott’s

73: silvery, de Se be B
AR spe ao “30; Walkin g, 6
Stachys coccin
pi pheneg Aaa pesto nica, f. pubes-
15. See also Pteretis
aane an port of the
treasurer, for 1936, Bt
Sycamore,

coma stans, 45
Tennessee _ferns, 6;

amon
Thelypteris, 133-1 Goldiana,
; hex, ka ae S: 10,
10

vacationing

8-10, 84
60, 76, 84; marginalis, 7, 9
60, an 84; noveboracensis, 6,
pn 7-10, %5,- 77, 84. ee
ah
s Petersii, 67,
Ye

erns of the dune
region of Hagin (review), 64

Varieties and forms of ferns of
eastern North America, 20, 51

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

WEATHERBY Effect of light

ia, e+

peste North America, 20,64
WHEELE Notes on Cali-
fornia. Bteridophytes, 120
WH gu, ybrid fern-name

Dp nnual meeting, 37, of
sch hte 132: southern occur-
ape of Dryopteris Clintoni-

War Arizona ferns

collected. in psn Mexico, 43

WHIT E. G. Report of the
“secre atary,

losa, 45: ana, 14, 117;
Plummerae, 48; scopulina, 48,

79, 80, 117
Woodsia, 134; plunt- lobed, 75;
ra pak 97: obtuse, 97;

re-.
tT Rocky Mountain, 79,
50,”
Woodwardia areo 6, 10,2620
oT: pe Ha 4 24;
virginica, 34, 80, 81, 87, z. fer-
tilis, 24, f. thelypteroides, 24.
nse

ferns, 112

ERRATA

Page 17,

Page 60,

last line, for VARIEGATUM, read VARIEGATA

line 2 from bottom, for 25:, read 25

, line 19, for var., read var.

line 20, for ACROSTICHOLDES, read ACROSTICHOIDES

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American Fern Journal

A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO FERNS

Published by the

AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY

EDITORS
C. A. WEATHERBY
R. C. BENEDICT W. R. MAXON

VOLUME XXVIII
Oe ee

LANCASTER, PENNSYLVANIA BY

CONTENTS

VoLuME 28, NuMBER 1, Pages 1-40, IssuED Marcu 17, 1938

Ophioglossum petiolatum Hooker R. T. Clausen
County Check-list of Florida Ferns.......00.cc000e-n D. 8. Correll 11
Key to the Ferns of Iowa (concluded) A. 8. Lyness
Botrychium dissectum Rosamond Shurtleff 25
WMidiand: Wern: Notes: ee HE. T. Wherry -

Heeent (“Morn Taiterature.. ok ee eee

Shorter Notes oe
American Fern Society.....cscccccccvonsesememinstmennemesimemmaneneminmntii 38
VoLuME 28, NuMBER 2, Paces 41-80, ISSUED JUNE 18, 1938
Ferns and Fern-Allies of Kentucky.....::c:sc:cccceseene TN. McCoy 41

County Check-list of Florida Ferns (continued)....D. 8. ie 46
Comparison of Dryopteris Goldiana x marginalis with

eo: 8. Or ae 55
W. A. Anderson 63

arents

Woodsia oregana in Lowa o.....ccccvercvernnernessseneneenmenne

Recent Fern Literature 66
Shorter Notes ait
American Fern Society 75
VoLumeE 28, NuMBER 3, Pages 81-124, ISSUED SEPT. 17, 1938
Forking in Ferns eae Frpon, fr. Sl
County Check-list of Florida Ferns (concluded)....D. 8. Correll 91
Ferns and Fern-Allies of Kentucky aaepesbiie a T. N. McCoy 101

Polystichum aleuticu me ..cccccmecsnsvecennsenemnnnsnnmnnesee
Recent Fern Literature
Shorter Note

American Fern Society

ok it]
113

VotuME 28, NuMBER 4, PAGEs 125-164, IssuED DEC. 15, 1938
muorids Sea E. T. Wherry 125

Notes on American Ferns—X XID ...ccccccccccecnennnenn W.
Ferns of Sierra Amcha, ALiZONA....cccoeeeceeeesecrnenenerne RE. L. Little, Jr. 144

eds of Osmunda cinnamomea and some Fern- -feeding
Henry Bird 151
157

Larv
Shorter Nokes
American Fern Society
Index to Volume 28

Vol. 28 January-March, 1938 No. i

Ameriran Sern Journal

a a

A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO FERNS
Published by the

AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY

CONTENTS ages
Ke atu io the Secs enn Sprite pe hag .

Che American Hern Soriety

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a jecre
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Amvriran Bern Journal

Vou. 28 JANUARY—MarcH, 1938 No. 1

Ophioglossum petiolatum Hooker
Ropert T. CLAUSEN

Because of the delays incident to the publication of a
world monograph of the Ophioglossaceae, it seems desir-
able at this time to present independently a discussion
concerning the status and relationships of the much mis-
understood Ophioglossum petiolatum. The detailed
Synonymy is given below:

eee petiolatum Hooker, Exotic Flora 1: 56.
1823. Based on specimens sent from the West Indies to
the Liverpool Botarical Garden, where the plants were
cultivated. The exact place of collection of the types es is
apparently unknown. The two specimens shown in the

be considered as typifying the species. Hooker states
that it differs from QO. ovatum and 0. sg in the

narrower, much more acuminate lamina

Ophioglossum moluccanum Schlecht., ‘Adumbratio Fili-
cum in promontorio Bonae Spei provenientium D.
Based on O. simplex Rumphius, Herb. Amboinense 6: 152.
pl. 68, fie. 2. 1750. ,
a Ophiogiosven cordifolium Roxb.; Wall. List no. 47.

Ophioglossum cognatum Presl, Suppl. Tent. Pterid.
: 1845. Based on material from Calcutta, Bengal,

Nec
_ [Volume 27, No. 4 of the JourNat, pages 109-144, plates 5-7, was
ed Jan, 3, 1938.]

2 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Ophioglossum Cumingianum Presl, Suppl. Tent. Pterid.

type collection at the naa Herbarium. This is the same
as O. petiolatum, but material of this number in the U. 8.
National Herbarium is O. reticulatum.

phioglossum obovatum and O. timorense Miquel, in
Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 4: 93. 1868-69. Based on
material from the island of Timor. So far as can be deter-
mined from the original descriptions, both of these names
probably should be considered synonyms of O. petiolatum.
The types have not been available for examination.

Ophioglossum vulgatum L., var. australasiaticum
Luerssen in part, in Journ. des Museum Godeffroy 3:
246ce. 1875. This includes both O. petiolatum Hooker
and O. pumilum Raciborski.

Ophioglossum pedunculosum sensu Prantl (not Des-
vaux, 1811), in Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin 3: 328. 1884.
The type of O. pedunculosum Desvaux is filed in the her-
barium at the Museum of Natural History in Paris and a
photograph of the type sheet is now available at the Gray
Herbarium. As Weatherby (Contr. Gray Herb. 114: 29.
1936) has already indicated, this plant of Desvaux is not
the same as O. pe endwnculosum as interpreted by Prantl.
The Desvaux type is a plant about 18 cm. high, with a
much enlarged bulbous rootstock bearing numerous roots
and two leaves with the blades basally inserted. The
expanded portion of one of these blades is about 4 cm.
long by 1.8 em. broad, oblong-elliptical and apiculate, with
a conspicuous pale median band extending the length of
the lamina. The fertile stalk is 12 em. long and the spike
about 2em. This plant is the same as O. fibrosum Schu-
macher of Africa, India, and the East Indies. Since 0.
pate a Desv. is the first name to have been applied
to this eastern species, it must now replace O. fibrosum,
while O. petiolatum, the next earliest available name, must
be used for the population erroneously designated as O.
pedunculosum by Prantl.

Ophioglossum Raciborskii van Alderwerelt 7 Rosen-
burgh, in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. Series 2, 28: 35.
1918. Based on O. moluccanum Schl., forma lanceolatum

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VOLUME 28, PLATE 1

Copy or ILLUSTRATION ACCOMPANYING ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION OF
OPHIOGLOssSUM PETIOLATUM Hooker, Exotic Fuora 1: 56, 1823.

4 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Raciborski, in Nat. Tijdschrift Ned.-Ind. 59: 236. tab. 2,
fig. 4.1900. The original description is based on a speci-
men from Klappa Noenggal, near Buitenzorg, Java, the
collection of C. A. Backer 23403. This represents a nar-
row-bladed form of O. petiolatum which does not merit
nomenclatorial recognition. The venation-characters men-
tioned by van Rosenburgh are of trivial consequence. The
Species was named in honor of M. Raciborski who studied
Ophioglossum in the Dutch East Indies

Ophioglossum pedunculatum Nakai, in n Bot. Mag. Tokyo
39: 193. 1925. This name is an error for O. peduncu-
stp ott of Desvaux, in Berl. Mag. 5: 306. 1811.
The spelling was not correc ected, but rather was perpetu-

ated i i a later paper r by the same author. According to
Nakai (1925) this species resembles smaller specimens of
O. reticulatum, sik Les e margins of the leaves, instead of
being entire, are crenate.

Ophioglossum littorale Makino, in Journ. Jap. Bot. 6:
27. 1929. Although the writer has not yet had oppor-
tunity to study authentic material of this, Makino’s
original dacretion so strongly suggests O. ‘petiolatum
that it seems best bsroagltad to list the name in the
synonymy of this spec

Ophioglossum ierdaeum E. P. St. John (ineluding
forma favosum and f. reticulosum), i in Am. Fern Journ.
26 : 52-55, fig. 1-3. 1936. Based on abundant material
from near Gainesville, Fla., and on specimens from many
other stations in central Florida. Plants of this popula-
tion are in every respect identical with material of O.
petiolatum from Java, Sumatra, and elsewhere. Not even
varietal separation of the East Indian and Florida plants
seems possible. The e plate accompanying the original

of a haft.on the sterile blade is a character of slight taxo-
nomic consequence in Ophioglossum and certainly should

Further, although the venation in O. floridanum is highly
variable, since it is in every respect like that of O. petio-
latum from all parts of its range, there seems little basis
for according nomenclatorial distinction to the Florida

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VOLUME 28, PLATE 2

.

/

a,

V

a
wl

ames

Pa eT

—

Set meer naa eS

OPHIOGLOSSUM PETIOLATUM FROM ALACHUA COUNTY, FLORIDA.
SPECIMENS COLLECTED BY R. P. St. JOHN.

6 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

~ plants. The minor variations in shape of blade and vena-
tion within the American population scarcely deserve
naming.

The species may now be recharacterized as follows:
Plant 6-21 em. high, with short slender erect rhizome
bearing several long fleshy roots and one or usually sev-
eral leaves during a single growing season; vegetative
reproduction common, by means of modified long slender
roots, buds from these giving rise to new plants; common
stalk 2-9 em. long; blade rather thin in texture, lance-
ovate, ovate, or elliptical-ovate, acute at apex, obtuse or
subtruncate at base, cuneate into a short haft or sessile,
1.5-6 em. long, 0.6—-1.7 em. wide; venation lax, veins few,
areoles large; fertile stalk 1.5-9 em. long; fruiting spike
14 em. long; sporangia 0.5-1 mm. in diameter. Gameto-
phyte apparently unknown.

The history of Ophioglossum petiolatum is one of taxo-
nomic blundering and misinterpretation. Although the
species was already known somewhat before the publica-
tion of the first edition of the Species Plantarum, yet there
seems to have been no end of misunderstanding concern-
ing its proper status, its distribution, and its range of
variation. It has been almost periodically described as
new, each time with a different name and usually without
any mention of the previous descriptions or an examina-
tion of the considerable literature which should always be
consulted before a new name is placed on record, to avoid
renaming long-known species.

The first description was by Rumphius in 1750. He
clearly described plants from Amboina as O. simplex and
providing a drawing showing that he unquestionably was
dealing with the present population. Unfortunately, the -
name O. simplex was not used by later writers. Instead,
new names were introduced, while rather recently 0. sim-
plex has been assigned to an entirely different species

OPHIOGLOSSUM PETIOLATUM 1

from Sumatra. This last application of the name is
tenable under the International Rules of Nomenclature,
since O. simplex Rumphius, having been published before
1753, is not valid.

Hooker, in 1823, described and illustrated 0. petiolatum
from plants cultivated in England, which were originally
obtained from somewhere in the West Indies. Hooker’s
description is entirely adequate and his name should have
been used subsequently as the proper designation for this
species. Other workers, however, misinterpreted O. pe-
dunculosum Desvaux, a quite different species, and have
used this name for the O. petiolatum population, which
was thought to be entirely of Old World distribution.
Actually O. petiolatum has a rather wide distribution in
the New World, but seems to be less common here than in
the Old World, where it is apparently fairly abundant.
Since much of the American material in herbaria lacks
Specific locality-data, it has not been possible to work out
the detailed range of this species in the Americas, but
the evidence available indicates that, besides being found
in central Florida, it occurs on various islands of the West
Indies, in Central America, and in northern South
America. The American plants exactly match Old World
Specimens.

In the Old World, there has been much misconception
_ Concerning the range of variation in this species. Enthu-

Siatic ‘‘splitters’’ have frequently described minor vari-
ants as new species, thus adding to the synonymy. None
of these trivial variations in leaf shape or in the minute
details of venation seems worthy of naming. Often all
of the supposed different species may occur in the same
patch or colony, as a few large series demonstrate.

0. petiolatum really is very closely related to O. reticu-
latum and in certain parts of the world, notably in India,
China, and Mexico, the two populations seem somewhat to

8 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

intergrade. Usually, however, they appear distinct and
are readily separable. O. petiolatum generally may be
distinguished by its lance-ovate blade, which is acute at
the apex, by the rather long, slender fertile segment, and
by the lax venation. Typically, also, it is somewhat
smaller than O. reticulatum.

O. petiolatum is a plant of moist meadows, damp grassy
places, and occasionally of moist woodlands and thickets.
The range includes central Florida, Trinidad and else-
where in the West Indies, Mexico, northern South Amer-
ica, tropical Africa and Madagascar (fide Christensen,
1932), India, Ceylon, Siam, China, Japan, Philippines,
Borneo, Sumatra, Java, New Guinea, New Caledonia, New
Zealand, Fiji, and Samoa.

In the following list of citations, names of herbaria have
been abbreviated as follows: (Claus), private herbarium
of the writer; (G), Gray Herbarium of Harvard Univer-
sity; (M), herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden;
(Ph), herbarium of the Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia; (E. St. J.), private herbarium of E. P.
St. John; (R. St. J), private herbarium of R. P. St. John;
(U), United States National Herbarium; (NY), herba-
rium of the New York Botanical Garden.

ville, BoP & 2. PRE Toke 416 oe G, Ph, E. St.
J.& R. St. J.). Citrus Co: Floral City, R. P. St. che
907 oe R. St. J.). Hernando Co: Brooksville, R. P
St. John 600 (R. St. J.). Paseo Co.: Dade City, BR. P. St.
John | pe (R. St. J.).. Sumter Co.: Wahoo, R. P. St. John
“ —— R. St.
ap. About 4500 ft., R. 8. Williams 1600 (NY).

ue Borrego, Region de Orizaba, Bourgeau 3018
(G, NY).

Cotompia. Ex. herb. Thomas Moore (G).

Peru and Cums. Specimens without specific locality
data.

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VOLUME 28, PLATE 3

“ ek,

Me

RANGE OF OPHIOGLOSSUM PETIOLATUM.

10 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

ROPICAL Arrica and Mapagascar. Reported by Chris-
tensen (1932), but no specimens have been seen by the
writer.

Inpia. Assam: Khasi Hills, G. Mann in part (U).
Bengal: —————, Wallich 47 (U). Madras: Nilgiris
Mts., J. S. Gamble (U). Punjab: Dharmkot, Dharmsala,
R. R. & I. D. Stewart 5480 (U) ; also 2064 in part (B, D)i

CEYLON en WT, Berg on 220 & 221 (U).

Stam. Dai Sutep Summit, H. WL Smith 406 (U).

Cuina. Hupeh: ————, A. Henry 5933 in ee (G).
Kwantung: Yam Na Shan (Mei District), W. T. Tsang
21442 (NY); Yuyuen, S. P. Ke 52847 (NY).

Japan. Taiwan: Taihoku, J. Wanake WT17 (CU). Yee:
arene! Hg ai (G, U,N

Bonin I —_—_—., C. Wri ght (G, U).

pierre ie, Island of Goeeeliors in Manila
Bay, Cuming 284 in part (G). Benguet: Baguio,
Williams 1601 (U); also A. D. = Wie 5830 ()..

British NortH Bor RNEO. a Mt. Kinabal
Topping 1636 (U, NY) ; also us. Clemens 10093. ie a
Dallas, J. & M. 8. Clemens 26158 (NY).

umaTRA. Silo Maradja, Asahan (East Coast), 7
Bartlett 8140 (U). Delang Piso-piso, Karo ee
fs Ts Fes Mi 6535 (U).

Java. Mt. Salak, ex herb. O. Kuntze (NY). Man-
cindiarset. d.2: Mousset (NY). ————+, H. 0. Forbes
1105 —_—_—,, J. P. Mousset 200 (G).

NEw Gutnea. Mafulu, Central Division, L. J. Brass
5329 (NY).

AUSTRALIA. Reported from Queensland by Prantl

1884)

Nae Ge NIA, ————, I. Franc 476 (NY).

New ZEALAND. North Island: Te Pahi, 7. Kirk (G) ;
Kaspara, 7. Kirk (M). South Island: Mt. Tulesse, I.
Kirk ’

, Sir Everard im Thurn 307 (U), ques-

tionable material.

SAMOA. . Exploring Expedition under Capt.
Wilkes 1838-42, No. 5 (U).

CITED REFERENCES

CHRISTENSEN, CARL, 1932. Ophioglossaceae, in The Pteridophyta
of Madagasear. Dansk Bot. Ark. 7: 183-186. pl. 74.

CuHeEcK-List or FioripA FERNS 1}

PRANTL, K. 1884. Beitriige zur Systematik ~ ee caare.
hrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin 3: 297-350. pl.
end Horrorium,
CoRNELL UNIVERSITY,
IvHaca,

A County Check-List of Florida Ferns and
Fern Allies

Donovan 8S. CorRELL

During the summer of 1936, the author spent about two
months in Florida collecting mainly orchids, ferns, and
grasses. An attempt was made to cover as much territory
. 88 possible, and several thousand specimens were collected.
Some photographs and extensive field notes of habits and
habitats were made. After identification of the fern
material was completed it was decided that enough was
available, combining the specimens of ferns and fern
allies collected on this trip with the collections already
deposited in various herbaria in the East, to justify the
preparation of this paper. This seemed especially desira-
ble since there has been no previous extensive distribu-
tional study published for the Pteridophytes of Florida.

The result of this work is summarized by the accom-
panying map. Each dot within a county represents one
Species which has been collected in that county. Thus, the
total number of species which have been collected from a
given county may be learned at a glance by noting the
number of dots in that county. This does not necessarily
indicate the number of collections made. The number of
collections are largest in those counties most accessible,
and these counties are, for the most part, vacation centers.
Sixty-one of the 119 species and 3 varieties found in

* To appear with the next installment.

12 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Florida have been found in Dade County; and Alachua,
Citrus, Hernando, Highlands, Orange, Polk, and Seminole
counties each have more than 30. On the other hand, cer-
tain regions have been neglected. Some counties in north-
ern Florida have scarcely, or never, been visited by bota-
nists, especially Bradford, Gilchrist, Hamilton, Taylor,
and Union counties, and the south-central section of the
state, comprising Charlotte, De Soto, Glades, Hardee,
Hendry, and Okeechobee counties, is likewise, for the
most part, unexplored. That part of Florida west of the
Apalachicola River should prove to be of much interest
to future collectors since, at present, so little is known
about the vegetation of that area.

It is hoped that this paper will encourage anllesting in
those sections of Florida which heretofore have been neg-
lected. There is, however, danger of over-collecting cer-
tain rarer and less well-established species to the point of
eventually exterminating some of them, especially since
fire must also take its toll. Judging from the number of
collections represented in the larger herbaria, there seems
to be little need for further collections of certain species
in a few counties, ¢.g., some of the species of Trichomanes,
Asplenium, Dryopteris, and Campyloneuron from Dade
County. These should be sought for in other counties.
The same applies to collecting in such places as the Fern
Grottoes near Pineola in Citrus County and the Devil’s
Millhopper near Gainesville in Alachua County.

The writer wishes to express his sincere appreciation
to Dr. H. L. Blomquist for his many helpful suggestions
and aid in the identification of dried material. The writer
also wishes to thank Dr. H. J. Oosting and Dr. L. E.
Anderson for their helpful criticisms, and his wife, Dr.
Helen B. Correll, for her interest and assistance in the
preparation of the manuscript. Acknowledgment is due

CHECK-List oF FiLorRIDA FERNS 18

Mr. C. A. Weatherby of the Gray Herbarium, Harvard
University, for his suggestions concerning nomenclature.
Through their generosity and cooperation, the follow-
ing people have made it possible for the writer to obtain
the records contained in this work: Dr. W. M. Buswell,
the University of Miami, Coral Gables, Fla.; Mr. Arthur
N. Leeds, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia,
Pa.; Dr. W. R. Maxon, U. 8. National Museum, Washing-
ton, ‘D. C.; Dr. J. B. McFarlin, Highlands Hammock State
Park, Sebring, Fla.; Rev. Hugh T. O’Neill, The Catholic
University of America, Washington, D. C.; Dr. F. W.
Pennell, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa. ;
Dr. J. K. Small, New York Botanical Garden, New York,
N. Y.; Dr. L. B. Smith, Gray Herbarium, Harvard Uni-
Persity. Cambridge, Mass.; Dr. H. K. Svenson, Brooklyn
Botanic Garden, Hove, N. Y.; and Mr. Erdman West,
Agricultural Experiment Stations, Gainesville, Fla.

In many instances there are available a larger number
of collections of a species from the same county and often
from the same locality. It did not seem practical or
necessary to cite all of these collections since the county is
generally selected as the unit of distribution. Citations
have, therefore, been limited to one collection of a species
from a county. To conserve space, citations have been
omitted for some species because of their common oceur-
rence and wide distribution. In citing the specimens ex-
amined and included from the various herbaria, initials
are used corresponding to the following legend: ‘*B’’—
Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, N. Y.; ‘‘C’’—The
Catholic University of America, Washington, D. C.; ‘‘D”’
—Duke University, Durham, N. C.; ‘‘F’’—The Univer-
sity of Florida, Gainesville, Fla.2; ‘‘G’’—Gray Herba-

2 The Whines of Florida herbarium number is included with
the initial us

14 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

rium, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.; ‘‘H’’—
Highlands Hammock State Park, Sebring, Fla.*; ‘‘M’’—
The University of Miami, Coral Gables, Fla. ; ‘‘N’’—U. 8S.
National Museum, Washington, D. C.; ‘‘NY’’—New York
Botanical Garden, New York, N. Y.; ‘‘P’’—Academy of
Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa.

PTERIDOPHYTA
ORDER 1. OPHIOGLOSSALES '
FAMILY 1. OPHIOGLOSSACEAE Adder’s-tongue Family
1. Borrycuium Sw. Grape-ferns
1, BoTRYCHIUM ALABAMENSE Maxon. Moist, low woods along
streams. Counties: Liberty: Small, E. and R. St. John (NY)
2, Borr

YCHIUM BITERNATUM (Lam.) Underw. Moist lowland
woods and stream banks. Counties: Jefferson: bigithiae (B);
also ‘‘ Florida’’: Cha (

pman :

RYCHIUM OBLIQUUM Muhl. Moist woods or a
Counties: Alachua: O’Neill 1590 (C); Herna hn
(NY); Highlands: McFarlin (H); Pasco: O'Neill ae ©);

welll (

OTRYCHIUM VIRGINIANUM (L.) Sw. Moist wooded slopes and
in thickets along streams. Counties: Alachua: Correll 6440 (D);
Gadsden: Chapman (NY); Leon: O'Neill (F17) ; Walton: Gliick
(D).

2. CHEIROGLOSSA Presl. Hand-fern

1, CHEIROGLOSSA PALMATA (L.) oo Mostly on trunks of cab-
bage-trees Seige palmetto) in axils of the leaves. Counties
Bre ase O’Neill (C); Broward: Correll 6133 (D); Collier: Soull
(F11646) ; Dade: Small and Carter 939 (P); Indian River:
Singatr ah Lee: Small 7746 (NY); Manatee: Underwood
058a (NY); Monroe: Small (NY); Orange: West (F10226);
at Johns: Reynolds (NY); Seminole: Small, E. and BR. St.
John (NY).

3 All of the specimens cited have been examined by the writer
except those from the University of Florida, The University of
Miami, and Highlands Hammock State Park.
cially indebted to Mr. Erdman West, Dr. W. M. Buswell, and Dr.
J. B. McFarlin for supplying these records.

CHECK-List oF FiLorRIDA FERNS 15

3. OPHIOGLOSSUM L. Adder’s-tongues
1. OPHIOGLOSSUM CROTALOPHOROIDES Walt. Low, moist soil.
Sarat Alachua: St. John (F1241) ; Franklin: Chapman (NY) ;
: Garber (P); Manatee: Garber 2 (NY); Nassau: Faxon and
Testobiays (NZ).
2. OPHIOGLOSSUM ENGELMANNI Prantl. Shaded slopes and banks,
limestone soil. Counties: Hernando: Small, E. and R. St. John

NY).
3. OPHIOGLOSSUM FLORIDANUM E. St. John. Weedy banks along
streams, moist soil. Counties: Alachua: Correll 6445 (D); Citrus:

Tackson: Chapman (NY); Lee: Standley 354 (N); Levy: Garber

b Ovansashenias vuLgatum L. Moist soil in open woods or
meadows. Counties: None. ‘‘Florida’’: Le Conte (NY).

ORDER 2. FILICALES
FaMiIty 1. HyMENOPHYLLACEAE Filmy-Fern Family
1. TricHomanses L. Filmy-ferns

1. TricHomANEs Kraus Hook. & Grev. Base of tree trunks, on
shrubs, roots, logs, and floor of hammocks, in shade. Counties:
Dade: Correll 6093 (D).

2. TRICHOMANES LINEOLATUM (v.d.B.) Hook. On edges of lime-
stone-sinks in hammocks. Counties: Dade: Small and Carter (P).

3. TRICHOMANES PeTersiI A. Gray. In shade, on moist rocks in

unties :

4. TRICHOMANES PUNCTATUM Poir. On SEN rocks and in
lime-sinks of hammocks. Counties: Citrus: RB. St. John (N);
Dade: Correll 6025 (D) ; Sumter: Small (F3095).

FaMIty 2. OSMUNDACEAE Cinnamon-fern Family
1. OsmunDA L. Cinnamon-ferns
- OSMUNDA cINNAMoMEA L. Swamps, marshes, and open, wet
woods. No collections have been seen from any counties south of
Glades, Lee, and Palm Beach counties. The 26 counties represented
by collections indicate that the species is increasingly common north-
ward.

16 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

la. OSMUNDA CINNAMOMEA f, FRONDOSA feces & Gray) Britt.
op

Swamps, marshes, en, wet wo Counties: Brevar
Fredholm 5570 (G); Highlands: MoFartin 10255 (H); Polk:
Gray (H); Saint Johns: Reynolds (P); Seminole: Rapp (G);

Voto: Deam 1660 (P
- OSMUNDA REGALIS re Wet ground in ¢ypress swamps, marshes,
ge low hammocks. Although eieeke distributed oe the
state, few collections have been seen from the southern part of th
peninsula. No collections have been seen for Charlotte, ‘ca
Glades, Hendry, or Monroe counties.
FAMILY 3. SCHIZAEACEAE Curly-grass Family
1. AcTINosTAcHys Wall. Fuzzy-ferns

1. ACTINOSTACHYS GERMANI Fée. Low, moist hammocks on de-

caying wood. Counties: Dade: Eaton 996 (G).
(To be continued)

Keys to the Ferns of Iowa

A. 8. Lyngss, Po.D.
(Continued from vol. 27, page 135)

II. A VEGETATIVE Key To THE SPEcIES oF Iowa FERNS
AND F'ERN-ALLIES

In the following key the names of the genera are ar-
ranged in alphabetical order down the center of the page.
The only synonyms given are those used in Gray’s Man-
ual, Seventh Edition. The number following each syn-
onym in the key is the number of the page in Gray’s
Manual on which that particular plant description is
found

1. Aprantum L.
Adiantum pedatum L. is the only species found in Iowa.
It is quite common.
2. ASPLENIUM L.

nus is represented Towa ec a single species,
Pb platyneuron (L.) Oakes

Keys to Iowa FERNS 17

3, ATHYRIUM
a. Leaves pinnate with pinnatifid pinnae; sori slightly
curved, the lower ones often double, five or six pairs
to each segment; stipes straw-colored, somewhat
chaffy below, at least when young. Athyrium
acrostichoides (Sw.) Diels. Syn. Aspleniwm acros-
tichoides Sw 39.
a. Leaves pinnate; pinnae of the fertile frond narrower
than those of ‘the sterile; sori linear, ——. to aot
on each side of the midvein ; stipes ‘brownish, chaft-
less, slightly scaly below. Athyrium heirs re
(fiche. x.) Milde. Syn. Asplenium sielemieer’>

a. Leaves pinnate with bipinnatifid pinnae ; lower pinnae
most once again pinnate; sori short, oblong, linear
or occasionally horseshoe-shaped ; stipes straw-col-

ina (Li.) Roth. Syn. Asplenium Filix-femina
(L.) Bernh. 40.

4. AzouLa Lam.
Leaves small, the lower lobe reddish, the eke one green
with a reddish border ; plants much brane
Azolla saeteains Willd.

5. BotrycHIuM Swz.
a. Dierile portion stalked; petioles 2 to 16 cm. =

b. Ulieute segments of sterile leaf wedge-shaped ..... ©.
e. Ultimate segments usually less than 3 mm. wide
and often 2-toothed at their apices with teeth
less eee 1 mm. wide. Botrychium dissectum
Spreng. Syn. Botrychium esa Muhl., var.
disseetum (Serene) Clete 2.3.
¢. Ultimate segments commonly | 5 to 10 mm. wide, with
erenate or serrate margins. Botrychium dis-
sectum Spreng., var. obliquum (Muhl.) Clute.
Syn. Botrychium obliquum Mu. 100000000 48.
b. Ultimate segments of sterile leaf varying from round-
reniform to obovate, their margins entire or finely
incised. Botrychium multifidum (Gmel.) Rupr.
yn. Botrychium ternatum (Thunb.) Sw., var.
pee ie D. C. Eaton.

18 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

a. coe portion sessile above the middle of the plant,
bro triangular; fertile portion long-stalked,
usu ae 15 em. or more in length. Botrychium
virginianum (L.) Sw.

6. Camprosorus Link.

There is but one species of this little evergreen fern in
the state—Camptosorus rhizophyllus (.) Link.

7. CHEILANTHES Swz.
Lower surfaces of leaf segments densely Me aya cn with
whitish-brown, soft, matted, flattened, jointed hai
eilanthes Feei ‘Mouse

8. CRYPTOGRAMMA R. Br.

he only species that has been found in Iowa is Crypto-
gramma Stelleri (Gmel.) Prantl.

9. CysTopTERIS Bernh.

a. Leaves lanceolate, 3 to 6 dm. long, rip tigoceeee: with

bulbl eneath ; vascular bundles in stipe round-

ish ‘Cystopteris bulbifera (L.) Bernh.

a. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 1 to 3 dm. long, short-

ointed, without bulblets beneath ; vascular bundles

in stipe oval or flat. Cystopteris fragilis (L.)
Bernh.

10. Equisetum L.

a. Cones apiculate; sterile shoots usually unbranched. b.
b. Teeth of sheaths persistent, black with white mar-

Eat
b. Teeth ‘of sheaths deciduous 20.00.00

e. Sheaths loose, green, and widened upwards ; jeciae
ous teeth leave black, triangular bases; cones ses-

sile or nearly so and ‘topped with a rigid point.
Equisetum page mois m R. Br.
e. Sheaths tight with one or two black girdles ; decidu-
ous teeth leave a continuous thick rim on the
sheath ju d.

Keys to Iowa FERNS : 19

d. pute longer than steeie with 4-carinate ridges ;
eth brown; cones pointed.

Soe isetum hyemale L.

d. Sheaths nearly as broad as long, with 3-carinate

ridges, green at first but soon turning gray,

with black bands above and below, splitting

with age; cones sessile, can ed apiculate.

Equisetum prealtum Raf. ; Blo et
hyemale L., var. robustum a Bry A, A
ato

a. Cones without a poin
b. Sterile shoots ane unbranched ; teeth of sheaths
eciduous; sheaths green, ilated above, with a
narrow black band at the top, rarely one ane
cones short-peduncled and ntaif at t e top.
E.. kansanum Santee
b. Sterile —- usually much deanenad, teeth of sheaths
persistent
c. Branches compound; primary branches 4- or 5.
angled; sheaths with 3 or 4 ridges, green, with
papery, reddish-brown techs teeth of sheaths
acuminate or awl-shaped; cones without a point.
Equisetum sylvaticum =:

e. Branches simple

d. B — strongly aod solid, 3- or 4-angled ;

eth of branch-sheaths triangular-lanceolate,

kira sharp, acuminate points ; sheaths yellowish-
brown ; cones on fertile shoot long-peduncled.

Equisetum arvense -

d. Branches horizontal and hollow
e. Branches 3-angled; teeth on beak heath, acl.
toid, acute; main sheaths with about 11 short,
persistent, ovate- lanceolate teeth ; cones rounded,
without a point ............. Equise etum. pratense Ehrh.
e. Beales 4- to 6-angled with erect tips; digas dark
rown, narrow, acute, rigid, distinct; sheaths
appressed, cones short-pedune cled.
Equisetum fluviatile L.

11. Isorrss L.
The only species of this genus that has ever been found
in Iowa is Isoetes es melanopoda J. Gay. One specimen of
this plant was collected by Vasey eae ‘Clinton, in 1862.

20 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

12. Lycopopium L.

a. Sporangia in axils of dark, green, shining leaves, not
aggregated in terminal strobili ; leaves pointed, dis-
tinetly broader above the middle, arranged in alter-

ate rows of shorter and longer leaves; shorter
leaves usually sporophylls.
Lycopodium lucidulum Michx.
a. Sporangia borne in terminal strobili b.
b. Strobili sessile at ends = leafy branches; leaves equal,
h

erect or incurved, in eight rows on the
branches and in six on a on the upper branches;
spikes 116 Apes s sucks Lycodium obscurum var

dendroideum (Michx.) D. C. Baton.
b. Strobili borne at the oP of sealy peduncles ................

e. Peduncles about 3 em. long; 1 to 3 spikes to the
branch ; leaves scala. 2 like with acute tips; branches
few-forl ed, very flat and horizontally spreading ;
terminal branch eae 5 to 15 em. long.

copodium complanatum L.

e. Peduncles about 7 em. ti mostly 4 spikes to the
branch ; leaves scale-like with pointed tips, bright
green ; branches several-forked and ae bi
like a fan; terminal branch divisions .5 to
IGOR ee Lycopodium pit ate Bei,

flabelliforme Fernald.

ec. Peduncles slender, 10 to 15 em. long; 2 to 4 cylindri-
eal spikes to the branch; leaves linear, awl-shaped,
light green, tipped wit th a fine bristle ; ascending,
short and very leafy branches; stems ’ extensively
ereenmMg Lyc opodium clavatum L.

13. Marsiuea L.
Marsilea vestita Hook. & Grev. is the only species rep-
resented in Iowa
14. Onocuza L.
Onoclea sensibilis L. is the single Iowa species.

15. Osmunpa L.

a. Leaves bipinnate; veins in sterile cine 6 once or
wice dichotomous; fertile portion racemose-pan-
icled at the summit of the frond. :

Osmunda regalis L., var. spectabilis

Keys To Iowa FErns 21

(Willd.) Gray. Syn. Osmunda regalis L....... 46
a. Leaves pinnate with pinnatifid pinnae o.com b.
b. Sterile pinnae with a distinct tuft of tomentum at
the base beneath; fertile ken Seems bear-
ing numerous cinnamon-eolore

Os pup) sbi nts L.
b. Sterile pinnae without the tuft of tomentum at the
ase, a few contracted pinnae near the middle of
the ead bearing the sporangia; stipes tomentose

when young, naked when mature.
smunda Claytoniana L.

16. Prnuara Link.

a. Seales on the rhizome usually with a few prominent,

blunt teeth on each side, about six times as long as

wide; spores nearly smooth; stipes dark brown;

fronds small, grayish-green in color; pinnae mostly

mp ellaea glabella Mett.

a. Seales on the rhizome entire, or obscurely toothed ;

spores ragged in appearance; stipes purplish-black ;

fronds rather large, bluish-green in color; pinnae
stiff and mostly compound.

Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link.

17. Pouypopium L.

Leaves 8 to 30 em. long; sori prominent, hemispherical,
without indusia. Polypodium virginianum L. ;
Polypodium eulgare of American authors, not L...... 34.

18. PotysticuHum Roth.

Leaves long-stalked, dark green in color — evergreen.

Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schot
19. Preretis Raf.

This genus is represented in Iowa by the single species
Pteretis nodulosa (Michx.) Nieuwl. Syn. Onoclea
Struthiopteris of manuals, not Hoffm, -...----.00--- 45.

20. Preriprum Scopoli
a. Leaves deltoid to ovate-deltoid, ache at-the top of
long, sturdy stalks, pale green; marginal continu-
ous sori covered by a double fidnet ch gee mhee ae b.

22 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

b. a oblong-lanceolate, undivided above, ea
low oe um latiusculum (Desv.)

Hieron. Syn. Pteris aquilina of manuals, nant

36.

b. Pinnules generally linear and entire, narrow and
much elongated, especially near the terminus of
the frond Pteridiu latiusculum (Desv.)
Hieron., sige pseudocaudatum (Clute) Maxon.

ris aquilina L., var. pseudocaudata
Clute 36.

21. SELAGINELLA Beauv.
Leaves closely imbricated about a cylindrical, much-
branched stem. Selaginella rupestris (L.) Spreng

22. THELYPTERIS Schmidel.

a. Leaves simple,* triangular in outline, often broader
an lon oe

b. Leaves 18 to 30 em. long, deeply pinnatifid, almost
pinnate at the base, slightly pubescent, often finely
granular beneath; stipes naked, segments sessile;

sori small, round, naked. Thelypteris hexagonop-

tera (Michx. ) Weatherby. Syn. cashes patios hexa-
gonoptera (Michx.) Fee 35.

b. Leaves 2 to 26 cm. long, deeply pinnatifid near the

lanceolate, segments oblong. Thelypteris
Phegopteris 1) Slosson. Syn. Phegopteris ae

ec. Leaves triangular or rp de ae Ria fully bipinnate

below ; sori without indusia .....00 1 d.

d. Leaves pinnately divided, = lowest pinnae much

the largest; under surface minutely glandular.

Thelypteris Robertiana (Hoffm.) Slosson. Syn.

-Phegopteris Robertiana (Hoffm.) A. Br. ..... 35.

d. Leaves ternately divided, each of the lowest seg-

ments nearly as large as the rest of the leaf, gla-

* Leaves simple in the sense that the divisions are not completely
separated; connected at least by a wing along the rachis.

Keys to Jowa FERNS 23

brous. Thelypteris Dryopteris - Slosson.

Syn. Phegopteris Dryopteris (.) F
C: grem ovate or narrower, pinnate with “pinnatifid
nnae ; sori with indusia e.
é. Stipes and rhizomes ey naked ; veins once-
orked ; leaves lanceolate; margins of segments
of leaf ‘strongly revolute ; ‘sori ie 10 to 12
each segment; vascular bundles in petiole 2,
oval or fiat. Thelypteris palustris (Salisb.)
Schott, var. pubescens (Lawson) Fernald. Syn.

Aspidium Thelypteris (UL. ) BW ot a 41.
e. eee and rhizomes scaly ; veins mostly more than
ce-forked

z Sori, marginal; leaves 3 to 7 dm. long; pinnae
lanceolate, acuminate, baw! pees above
the base; pinnules crowded, oblong-scythe-
shaped, with entire or actuate margins. “Thelyp-
terts marginalis (L.) Nieuwl. Syn. Aspidiw =

m. long, ‘widest at the madale: arn a
thinnishe orbicular, with a narrow sin
vascular bundles in petiole 7. Thelypterse
Goldiana (Hook.) Nieuwl. Syn. Aspidiwm
Goldianum Hooker cco eee 42.

h. Leaves 3 to 6 dm. long; ages 5 to 8 em. long,
triangular-oblong, widest at the base; vascu-
lar bundles in petiole 5. Thelyptoris cristata
(L. ) Nieuwl. Syn. Aspidium cristatum (L.

i. fee ovate-lanceolate; pinnae taal - the
rachis, clongate-triangular, the lowest pair
broadly triangular ; scales on the stipe te -own-
ish, one-colored ; ey entire pe wane
marginal gla nds, labrous or nearly so.
Thelypteris spinulosa (O. F. Muell.) Nieuwl.
Syn. Aspidium spinulosum (O. F. Mue' ve:

24 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

i. Leaves oblong-ovate; pinnae nearly or quite at
right angles to the rachis, the lower unequally
ovate-lanceolate; scales of stipe light brown,
mostly with dark centers; indusia delicate,
denticulate and _ beset with stalked glands.
Thelypteris spinulosa (O. F. Muell.) eae
var. intermedia (Muhl.) Nieuw. Syn.
pidium spinulosum (O. F. Muell.) Sw., ‘ee
intermedium (Muhl.) D. C. Eaton .............. 43.

23. Woopsta R. Br.

a. Leaves slightly reduced at the base, 2 to 5 dm. long,
minutely glandular-hairy; pinnae rather remote,
bluntign ...0.5.¢5 Woodsia obtusa (Spreng.) Torr.

a. avs: repel reduced at base, 5 to 15 em. long, 2 to 4

mooth above, thickly clothed bree
with aig ‘bristle like chaff ; pinnae crowded
00 odsia ilvensis (L.) R. Br.

a. Leaves 1 to 2 dm. chara auaard hispidulous, with mi-
nute, white hairs ; pinnae numerous, pinnatifid, with
10 to 16 short, ee or splane. toothed divisions.

Woodsia scopulina D. C. Eaton.

ee oe the eM described in the above keys are
io n Gray’s Manual, Sakai ee except
Pellaca glabella re! Wasiatatn kansan

BIBLIOGRAPHY
The following publications were consulted in the preparation of
the above keys:

Abrams, LeRoy. An Illustrated Flora of the Pacifie States.
Stanford University Press. (1923).

Bower, F. O. The Ferns. Vols. I and III. The University
Press, Cambridge, England. (1923).

- Britton, Nathaniel Lord, & Brown, Addison. Flora of the
Northern United States and Canada. Scribner & Sons.
(1913).

Eaton, D. C. Ferns of North America. (1880).

Robinson, B. L., and Fernald, M. L. Gray’s New Manual of

Botany, Seventh Edition. American Book Company.
08).

od

ed

Ag

BoTRYCHIUM DISSECTUM 25

6. Rydberg, Per Axel. Flora of the Rocky Mountain States and
Adjacent Plains.
. Schaffner, J. H. sean Manual of the Flora of Ohio. R. G.
Adams & Co. (1928).
. Underwood, Lucien Marcus. Our Native Ferns and Their
llies. Henry Holt & Compikny. (1908).

Weatherby, C. A. Changes in the Nomenclature of Gray’s
Manual Ferns. Rhodora Vol. XXI: 173-176. (1909).
(Note :—With few exceptions the nomenclature used in the
above keys is that of Gray’s Manual subject to this revision
by Mr. Weatherby.

- Waters, C. E. An Analytic Key for the Ferns of the Northeast-

ern States Based on the Stipes. Supplement to the AMERI-
CAN FERN JOURNAL, Vol. XVIII, No. 2. (1928).

~]

ie.)

=

ha
o

STEVENS Point, WIscoNnsIN

Botrychium dissectum
RosaMoND SHURTLEFF

Variation of both the fertile and sterile fronds is a
well-known occurrence throughout the entire genus Bo-
trychium. The inconstancy of form of the sterile seg-
ments and the appearance of sporadic sporangia and
fertile pinnae on the sterile segments of certain species
are common knowledge. These variations have been dis-
cussed in such reports as those of R. M. Tryon (1) on
annual variations of the sterile frond, of E. 8. Ford (2)
on supernumerary fertile pinnules in the Rattlesnake
fern, and of M. A. Chrysler (3) on abnormalities of both
fertile and sterile segments of Botrychium species

A collection of Botrychium dissectum Sorenget and
Botrychium dissectum Sprengel var. obliquuwm (Muhl.)
Clute made last fall (1936) from an abandoned field in
the vicinity of Norton shows more extreme variation in
this species than previously reported. In fact, one or
two new types of variation for this species appeared.

26 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Figures 1 and 2 show extremes of variation for fertile and
sterile segments.

The sterile segment shows two new variations besides
the well-known variance in the dissecting of the pinnae.
On one plant there are two sterile segments of the same
age (Fig. 1). Although it is not uncommon for a frond
of the previous year to remain after the one of the current
year develops, it is uncommon for two of the same age to
appear. In several other plants there is an abortion of
the pinnae. In one fern all the pinnae on one side are
suppressed, while in another the tip is reduced to a mere
appendage. Neither of these forms has been recorded for
this species so far as I know.

The fertile segment also shows variations in both the
occurrence and number of fertile portions. Most notice-
able is one plant which has several pinnae transformed
until there appear to be four fertile stalks. Besides a
variation in the number of fertile segments, sporadic
sporangia are found on the sterile segment of one plant.
Although such sporangia are common in Botrychium
simplex E. Hitchcock, they are not frequently found in
B. dissectum. In one other plant the second fertile seg-
ment is set half-way up the stem of the sterile segment.
This is unusual; a second fertile stalk arises ordinarily
like the first near the base of the sterile segment.

Since there has been so much discussion over the status
of the dissected form of B. dissectum, it is significant to
note that all these variations appear irrespectively in the
species and in the variety as well as in the few intergrad-
ing types found with them. Thus this collection empha-
sizes the extreme variability of the entire species.

ans CITED
Chrysler, M. A., Abnormalitie Botrychium and Certain Other
” Bull. Torrey el Club 53: 279-288. 1926.
Ford, E. es Additional Fertile Pinnules in the Rattlesnake Fern.
MER. FERN Jour. 25: 18-20. 1935.

VOLUME 28, PLATE 4

AMERICAN F'ERN JOURNAL

4
a

~,

ASSERT A

Barrys &
5 Sine CR Ruane

As sans Tews
; Nee ahity ree
nak Ww Maa
% \ Wakata igi
: , Ses Te a
* “ * nee Tote a, Chek: Mae
Fig. 1. BOTRYCHIUM DISSECTUM SPRENG. VAR. OBLIQUUM (MUHL.) CLUTE,
Fig, 2. BOTRYCHIUM DISSECTUM SPRENG.

28 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
Tryon, R. M., Botrychium dissectum and forma obliquum. AMER.
FERN J 6: 26-30. 1936.

WHEATON COLLEGE, Norton, MASSACHUSETTS

Midland Fern Notes

Epaar T. WHERRY

During the summer of 1937 the writer drove from
Philadelphia to Salt Lake City and back, visiting en route
a number of fern localities; Mr. J. E. Benedict, Jr., of
Washington, D. C., took part in the first half of this trip.
Notes as to species observed which seem of general interest
are here placed on record, except for the state of Colorado,
on which a separate article has been prepared. Speci-
mens obtained have been placed in the herbarium of the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

MicHIgaAN.—We barely entered this state late in May,
paying a visit to Mr. and Mrs. Boydston, who live at
Thorn Acres about four miles south of Niles, in Berrien
County. Here in ponds and on sandy slopes at the edge
of the floodplain of the St. Joseph river there is an un-
usual abundance of Equisetums, of which five species were
recognized : arvense, fluviatile, laevigatum, palustre, and
prealtum. This appears to represent a southern limiting
station for E. palustre (var. americanum), for although
it is here within a mile of the Indiana line the thorough
exploration of the latter state by Mr. Deam has never
turned it up there.

Iowa.—A visit to Pikes Peak State Park in Clayton
County yielded Selaginella rupestris, not heretofore re-
ported from this county, and two varieties of Cystopteris
fragilis. Examination of their rootstocks and indusia
showed these to be vars. genuina and protrusa, the former
growing on steep bluffs, the latter in humus-rich soil on
gentler slopes.

MIpLAND F'erRN NOTES 99

At Decorah search was made for the two rarities there
reported. One, Phegopteris robertiana, was soon found
west of town on a moist, crumbly, north-facing limestone
bluff; unfortunately it is in danger of destruction, since
the road close to which it grows leads to a state park, and
may at any time be ‘‘improved”’ by landserapers. The
other, Woodsia scopulina, could not be located, and in
view of the dominance of limestone in the region its occur-
rence there seems improbable.

The Woodsia which grows on the quartzite rocks in
Gitchie Manitou State Park, in Lyon county at the ex-
treme northwest corner of the state, has been reported
both as W. scopulina and W. oregana; but a visit there
disclosed that it is neither, as it shows instead the dense
glandularity characteristic of W. cathcartiana.

Sourn Daxora.—There being reports of both Woodsia
oregana and W. mezicana in the Black Hills, some atten-
tion was paid to this group there, especially in the Custer
State Park. No trace of the glabrous fern bearing the
former name, or of the downwardly narrowed, thick-
margined, conspicuously hairy-indusiate Mexican Cliff-
fern could be found. Instead the plants seen were all
more or less intermediate between these two extremes, the
margins being more or less thickened—never markedly so
—and short-stalked glands being present on vascular
parts, but sparse or lacking on laminar tissue. Here, as
in western Iowa, W. cathcartiana seems unquestionably
Tepresented, although some material appears to lie inter-
mediate between that and some other species, and will
require detailed study for proper classification and nam-
Ing.

OxLanoma.—During August a brief visit was made to
Cimarron, the northwesternmost county, to look for the

30 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

unusual ferns which have been reported there.t From
Kenton highway No. 64 was followed eastward for 6 miles,
and a private lane northward about a mile farther, until
cliffs became prominent. The native vegetation in low
moist places proved to have been largely destroyed by
grazing animals, making search for Dryopteris filix-mas
hopeless, but small ferns could still be seen in crevices of
the sandstone rocks. North-facing cliffs and ledges
yielded Cheilanthes eatoni, C. feei, and C. wooton, to-
gether with Selaginella underwoodii, not previously re-
corded for this region. On south-facing ones the yellow
globules formed by the rolling up of the fronds of Notho-
laena standleyi were conspicuous, and while examining
these several small but unmistakable plants of Pellaea
wrightiana were found.

Trexas.—lIn the hope that some of these Cimarron valley
specialties might also turn up in the Texas panhandle, the
Palo Duro State Park east of Canyon, Randall County,
was next visited. Here, however, only the widespread
Cheilanthes feei and Pellaea atropurpurea could be found
on the rocks, and Equisetum prealtum along the creek.

Lovistana.—Under the guidance of Miss Caroline Dor-
mon, of Chestnut, three species not listed by Brown? for
this state were obtained : Cheilanthes lanosa, in crevices of
sandstone north of Kisatchie (15 miles south of Proven-
eal) ; Selaginella riddellii, in a sand-barren 2 miles south-
east of Goldonna, both in Natchitoches Parish; and Lyco-
podium prostratum, in a wet thicket 14 miles north of
Lucky, Bienville Parish.

PHILADELPHIA, Pa.

1Greene, THIS JOURNAL 17; 125. 1927; Bush. Am. Midl. Nat.
12: 91. 1930; Featherly and Still, Okla. A. & M. Coll. Expt. Sta.
Cire. 80. 1934.

2 La. Cons. Rev. 5:12. 1936.

REcENT FERN LITERATURE SI

Recent Fern Literature

Dr. Wherry’s welcome ‘‘Guide to Eastern Ferns’’ is a
pocket-size volume of 220 pages, attractively printed and
bound by The Science Press Printing Co. Eighty-nine
Species are described in detail and each is illustrated by a
full-page line drawing; in addition there is an abbreviated
account of eight species of Isoetes and a more or less brief
description of various fern varieties and hybrids.

The list of ferns and fern-allies for the range (Pennsyl-
vania, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia)
Seems to be complete. The omission of Hquisetum
scirpoides, credited to Pennsylvania by Gray, Britton &
Brown, Clute, Schaffner and others, is presumably only
a conspicuous instance of the Guide’s avoidance of errors
previously copied by writer after writer.

In addition to being accurate, the Guide is brief. Only
essential material is admitted. The account of each fern
is confined to one page which, in every instance, faces the
illustration. The characters given are those not easily
obtainable from the drawings, or those which should be
emphasized as being diagnostic. In no ease has the desire
for brevity detracted from the value of the book except,
perhaps, in the index. This is condensed to a single page
and lists only genera. To find a species in Dryopteris
one may have to turn thirty pages of text.

The glossary is fresh and original. The terms that
Students are most likely to misunderstand are informally
interpreted from the point of view of teacher rather than
lexicographer. Both collectors and cultivators of ferns
will find useful the detailed information furnished con-
cerning soil and rock preferences.

1 Guide to Eastern Ferns. By Edgar T. Wherry. IV +220 pages,
96 figures. The Science Press Printing Co., Lancaster, Pa. [Dee.!
1937. $1.00.

.

SZ ; AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

The pages about hybrids will be especially appreciated.
Information about them has not hitherto been available in
such convenient and usable form.

The treatment of varieties, though excellent as a whole,
is in some eases less satisfactory. One could scarcely
determine Botrychium simplex, var. laxifolium Clausen
by the description, which speaks of the plant as ‘‘large all
around’’ and places the sterile segment ‘‘high,’’ though
the figure shows the sterile blade arising well below the
middle.

The illustrations vary greatly in quality. Many of the
drawings are accurate and life-like representations ; others
are as conventionalized as if prepared solely for decorative
effect.

There is no key except an informal one to families and
subfamilies, the advantage of which is not apparent.

The classification and nomenclature are alert but con-
servative. The author cherishes no prejudices. He often
reports sympathetically the conclusions of writers whom
he does not follow. He usually furnishes, in a sort of
narrative form, synonymy sufficient for the needs of those
who read the popular magazines and texts. He uses
Thelypteris for the marsh-fern and its near relatives and
places Seott’s spleenwort under his recent Asplenosorus,
a name which, itself a hybrid of Asplenium and Campto-
sorus, indicates that the plant is a hybrid between species
of the two genera.

The common names are usually suggestive and descrip-
tive. Several new ones are proposed. They are gener-
ally apt, but their very appropriateness may make them
too seductive in cases where, as with ‘‘tapering fern’’ for
Thelypteris noveboracensis, they are not, as they should
be, really distinctive. Ostrich fern and various southern
ferns also taper.

RecENtT FEerN LITERATURE 33

Though the style of the ‘‘Guide’’ is non-technical, the
text, as we should expect, is accurate and scientific. With
unusual skill and judgment the data needed for the identi-
fication and study of the ferns of the central eastern states
have been compressed into the smallest compass. The
volume, therefore, will serve the purpose for which it was
written. No one undertaking the study of ferns can
afford to be without this companionable little book—
Rosert P. Sr. Joun.

The Oglebay Plant Club of Wheeling, West Virginia,
has begun the publication of a little mimeographed peri-
odical called ‘‘ The Letter’’—an example which might well
be followed by other local organizations. The fifth num-
ber, for July, 1937, contains a list, by Russell West, of the
ferns of Oglebay Park. Fifteen species, all of the more
common woodland and old-field types, are included.

Our Chilean member, Sr. Looser, continues his distin-
guished work on the ferns of his country. His latest pub-
lications include the following.

“‘La Schizaea chilena,’’ a study of the distribution and
characters, and a bibliography, of the sole Chilean spe-
cies, Schizaea fistulosa Labill. S. chilensis and 8S. valdi-
viana of Philippi are reduced to synonymy under it.’

‘“‘Hymenophyllum falklandicum Baker en la provincia
de Malleco.’’ A collection by the author at Termas de
Tolhuaca, some 1500 kilometers north of any station pre-
viously recorded, is reported. Critical discussion of and
a key to related species are given.”

“Sobre algunas Helechos chilenos descritos por el Dr.
R. A. Philippi.”? Philippi was, in the words of Dr.
neni

* Rev. Universitaria 22: 115-124, 2 figs. June-July, 1937.

* Rev. Univ. 22: 235-240, 3 figs. June-July, 1937.

34 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Clausen, an ‘‘enthusiastic splitter.’’ As Sr. Looser says,
“*he described an enormous number of species, often based
on a single specimen or on weak characters, many of which
have not been found again and have remained doubtful.”’
Fortunately, his type specimens have been preserved at
the National Museum at Santiago and Sr. Looser has
undertaken the highly useful work of studying them criti-
cally. In this paper he reports on some of them, as
follows.

Lycopodium erectum Phil. is reduced to a variety of
L. magellanicum. L. chonoticum is provisionally main-
tained as a good species, but may prove only a form of
L. confertum. Mertensia litoralis is a good species,
Dicranopteris litoralis (Phil.) Looser. M. oligocarpa is a
synonym of Dicranopteris pedalis. Hymenophyllum den-
sifolium is a variety of Serpyllopsis caespitosa; H. quad-
rifidum one of H. plicatum. H. terminale is the same as
H. cuneatum var. rariforme Christensen & Skottsberg.
Trichomanes dichotomum Phil. (not Kunze) becomes T.
Philippianum Sturm. T. spinulosum is a synonym of
H. dicranotrichum.®

Volume 15, number 1, of the ‘‘Mount Rainier National
Park Nature Notes’? (March, 1937) is devoted to an
account of the ferns of the Park by C. Frank Brockman,
naturalist of the Park staff. The pamphlet, of 44 mimeo-
graphed pages, includes a brief general account of ferns,
their classification, life-history, mythology, and medicinal
uses ; a check-list of the species of the Park; an elaborate
descriptive key ; original sketches and detailed discussion
of most of the 32 species listed ; and a glossary. One page
is mimeographed upside down and the detail given in an
illustration as characteristic of Polypodium vulgare is not

3 Rev. Univ. 22: 105-114. June-July, 1937.

SHortTer Notes 35

the typical form but var. occidentale Hook. (P. Glycyrhiza
D. C. Eaton, P. faleatum Kellogg); but in general the
work is accurately and interestingly done and full of
information. It should be of much usefulness to the fern-
lover who visits the Park.

Shorter Notes

THE IDENTITY OF WoopWARDIA THELYPTERIOIDES PurRSH.
—In my list of varieties and forms of the ferns of eastern
North America, I was compelled to leave Woodwardia
thelypterioides, the sole basis of W. virginica forma thely-
pterioides (Pursh) Gilbert, as a name of doubtful appli-
cation. The original description apparently applied to
Some Woodwardia except in one particular—the plant
was said to be pubescent and no pubescent state of either
of our east-American species has ever been found.

Fortunately, when the Lambert herbarium containing
most of Pursh’s specimens was broken up and sold, Sir
William Hooker got hold of at least some of the ferns,
and the type sheet of W. thelypterioides is preserved at
Kew, where I had an opportunity to examine it in the
Summer of 1937. It bears two fronds, a small fruiting
one of Woodwardia virginica (a ‘weak state,’’ as Hooker
said) and an unusually large sterile one of marsh fern,
Dryopteris Thelypteris, var. pubescens. Pursh could not
have looked very hard at the venation when he assigned
the two to the same species, but he apparently did see the
pubescence of the marsh-fern element and included it in
his description.

Pursh’s name must be eliminated as a basis for any-
thing, since it is founded on two quite irreconcilable
elements.—C. A. WEATHERBY.

36 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

CHEILANTHES CASTANEA IN OKLAHOMA.—A Lipfern col-
lected by the author in Devils Canyon, Canadian County,
Oklahoma, has kindly been determined by Dr. William R.
Maxon, curator of the United States National Herbarium,
as a form of Cheilanthes castanea Maxon. The record is
of interest as probably the first report of this species in
Oklahoma. Featherly and Still‘ in their State list have
included 8 other species of Cheilanthes.

Specimens collected on shaded sandstone cliffs in Devils
Canyon on Sept. 27, 1936, have been deposited in the
United States National Herbarium and in the Herbarium
of the University of Oklahoma. In a list of the pterido-
phytes of this area, the author? cited the species incor-
rectly as Cheilanthes tomentosa Link.

The occurrence in west central Oklahoma of Cheilanthes
castanea, originally described from Mexico, adds interest
to the unusual flora of Devils Canyon and adjacent can-
yons. These protected canyons are known especially for
the eastern flora on their rich, moist soils. Here sugar
maples (Acer saccharum) are dominant in relict, disjunct
islands about 175 miles west of the western limit of the
species in eastern Oklahoma. In these canyons they have
persisted since a probable period of more humid climate
when the range may have been continuous eastward.

Meeting these eastern plants are western plants on the
dry, exposed canyon walls. Among these are Selaginella
sheldoni of southwestern Oklahoma and Texas, here near
the northeastern limit of the species, and a moss, Husno-
tiella revoluta var. palmeri, typical of Mexico and the
southwestern border of the United States—Expert L.
Lirtiz, Jr., Flagstaff, Arizona.

1 Featherly, H. I., and Clara E. Still. The ferns of Oklahoma.
Okla. Agric. Mech. Coll., Bot. Stud. No. 1, 24 pp. 3:

2Little, Elbert L., Jr. Bryophytes and pteridophytes of some
west central Oklahoma canyons. Okla. Acad. Sci. Proe. 16: 47-52.
1936.

SHorTER NOTES 37

CLIMBING Fern Founp In UpsHur County, West Vir-
GINIA.—In June, 1937, Miss Maxine Thacker, a teacher of
biology in Buckhannon-Upshur High School, Buckhan-
non, W. Va., called my attention to a fern specimen
which a student in one of her classes had collected and
brought in. This fern proved to be the Climbing Fern
(Lygodium palmatum (Bernh.) Sw.), and represents,
so far as the author is aware, the only station for the
plant now known in West Virginia.

The plant was found about two miles southeast from
the village of Frenchton, Upshur County, on a small
tributary of the West Fork of the Monongahela River.
The elevation here is about fifteen hundred feet above sea-
level, and the soil is intensely acid, made more so by the
Seepage from an abandoned coal opening. The ravine
where the fern was found is heavily wooded with mixed
deciduous forest, the near-by undercover containing
Mountain Laurel (Kalmia), Rosebay (Rhododendron),
and Vaccinium (sp.). Fern associates are Onoclea sensi-
bilis, Polystichum acrostichoides, Thelypteris novebora-
censis, Dryopteris marginalis, D. intermedia, Phegopteris
hexagonoptera, and Botrychium virginianum. Specimens
from the colony have been deposited in the herbarium of
West Virginia University.

A previous West Virginia station for the Climbing
Fern was reported in THE AMERICAN FuRN JOURNAL,
Jan—March, 1924, by Rev. Fred W. Gray. This station,
which was located near Lewisburg, Greenbrier County,
was, unfortunately, destroyed during a road-construction
Job. Since the species occurs in Virginia, and reappears
in southern Ohio, we have been expecting to find it again
in West Virginia, and the author hopes, later in the sum-
mer, to make a survey of the general territory around
Frenchton to determine how widely spread it may be in

38 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

this area—Mavrice Brooxs, West Virginia University,
Morgantown, W. Va.

American Fern Society

An informal meeting of the Society was held at
Indianapolis on the morning of December 31st, 1937, in
connection with the annual gathering of the American
Association for the Advancement of Science. About
twenty members and guests were present. Professor
Clute presided. After some pleasant reminiscences, he
suggested various subjects for present consideration,
future investigation and reports in the JourNaL. Some
of them are: the desirability of using the term ‘‘ Var.
typica’’ or something similar, to indicate the form of the
species first described; the manufacture of common
names; the validity of recent segregates from what we
had thought were well-known species. He, Dr. Svenson
and Professor Schaffner emphasized the opportunity open
to members in more or less cooperative geographic studies
—mapping ranges of species from personal observation
and from specimens in herbaria and reporting on their
favored habitats in different regions. Professor Butters
spoke of his work on lady-ferns and of observations 00
the soil-preferences of Pellaea and Polypodium; he re-
ported royal fern growing and flourishing in two feet of
water in an apparently natural lake, in so large a colony
that a canoe could be quite concealed in it. Professor
Miyake of the Imperial University of Tokio, told some-
thing of the rapid growth of botanical study in Japan.
The first professor of botany, a graduate of Cornell, was
appointed in 1876; the first species described by a native
author was published in 1890, There are about 100
species of ferns in Japan proper, including some tropical
ones in the southern part, and about 500 in all the Japa-

AMERICAN FERN Society 39

nese possessions. Professor Schaffner spoke of the curi-
ous reactions of plants to their environment; in one year
when a patch of Equisetum was mowed, there was a high
proportion of twisted stems among the new growth, in the
next, when no cutting was done, very few. Soil-prefer-
ences of the same species varied in different parts of its
range, particularly from north to south. Dr. Shaver gave
interesting data as to the distribution of ferns in Ten-
nessee. The southern lady-fern is found on the summits
of the Appalachians, the northern on the lower slopes.
Botrychium dissectum occurs only east of the Cumberland
Plateau, B. obliquum throughout, but especially in wooded
angles between two confluent streams. Mr. Tryon had
observed Pellaea glabella on both sandstone and limestone
in Wisconsin. Miss Schmidt told of her efforts to grow
Spores of Botrychium. Germination on nutrient solu-
tions is not difficult, but raising the young plants to matur-
ity is. Mr. Weatherby reported that a new check-list of
North American ferns was approaching completion.

An experience meeting without a set program was per-
haps something of an experiment, but if the present
writer’s enjoyment of the occasion is representative, it
was surely a successful one. The thanks of the Society
are due to Professor Clute, who skillfully and agreeably
kept the ball of discussion rolling, and to the members who
responded in so interesting a manner.—C. A. WEATHERBY.

The library of the late Dr. Philip Dowell has been pre-
Sented to John B. Stetson University, Deland, Florida.

A request has come in for a set of herbarium specimens
of American fern hybrids for the British Museum. Mr.
Alston writes that he has been studying the European
hybrids and that he would like material of the American
hybrids for comparison. If any members having dupli-

40 , »* AMERICAN FERN. JOURNAL

cate herbarium specimens will forward them to the Brook-
lyn Botanic Garden, addressed to R. C. Benedict, the col-
lection will be sent on to Mr. Alston when assembled.
Meanwhile, a request has gone forward to him, asking
whether a similar set of European hybrids can be obtained
for the study collection of the Fern Society Herbarium.

Mr. Alston would also like specimens of Selaginella
ludoviciana and opinions as to its distinctness from 8.
apoda.

New members:

Bolan, Miss Edith M., 3 Smith St., Caribou, Maine

Burns, George W., Dept. of Botany, University of Minnesota,
Minneapolis, Minn.

DeVol, Charles E., Marion College, Marion, Indiana

Green, Forrest K, 912 paparitay cana Tenn.

Hartwell, oni Flore rence C., Bol

‘Loew, Prof. F. A., Hiklosicn. Piso is Himes St., Hunt-
ington, abe

elon T. P., R. D. no. 2, Downingtown, Pa.

Mi ns Dept. of acer ako. ‘Timenial Univer-
ony tidy Japan

Ridlon, Mrs. John, Rhuddlans on the Cliff, Newport, R. I.

Schmidt, Miss Clniia, 8 abla Ave., West Springfield, Mass.
eger, William o. 5, ‘Kickinol. Kansas

Slater, Mrs. Elsie, 516 inset Ave., El Paso, Texas

Leena Edward D., Jr., Sharon, Conn
Williams, Ernest C., 965 South Maripoes Ave., Los Angeles, Cal.

Changes of sired

Berkheimer, Dr. David, 518 Elm St., Reading, Pa.

Ewan, Joseph, Dept. of Biology, isn of Colorado, Boulder,
Col

Facies. Rev. Frederick L., 287 Fourth Ave., New York City
Knobloch, Irving, 64 ons Blvd., Sacnaens, New York 2
Little, Egbert L., P. O. Box 1700 , Flagstaff, Ariz 7
Ruggles, Mrs. F. G. ., Lake Yetkanaus a, Stanhope, N. J.
Stebbins, Dr. G. Ledyard, 1050 Paice Ave., Berkeley, Cal.
Uphoff, Mrs. Emma, 88 Prospect St., Little Falls, N.

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Vol. 28 April-June, 1938 No. 2 V

American Hern Journal
Teenie

A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO FERNS
Published by the
: AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY
Red

EDITORS
Cc. A. WEATHERBY

R. C. BENEDICT W. R. MAXON
oe
x CONTENTS ;
_ Ferns and Fern Allies of Kentuc <. McCoy 41

County Check-List of Florida Ferns va fe
ES. ComnELt. 46

wed Dryopteris Goldiana x marginalis with

pi ROO ew MCOeg 8. 8. GREENFIELD 55
_ Woodsia ea in lowa Ww. A. ANDERSON aca
_ Recent Fern Lit. — —

_ Shorter Notes — Hard
ae ae Np fs ata Flower Show;
ake Posed Occurren ——— LA elmateia in

Che American Hern Society

Connril for 19358
OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR
Epear T. WHERRY, University of Pennsylvania, bireesctss en on
Pres

ArTHurR N, Lzeps, Philadelphia, Pa. Vice-President
Mrs. Exstz Gipson WHITNEY, New York State Tiere Albany,
Secretary

HENRY K. Svenson, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, tes dae z et

asurer
OFFICIAL ORGAN
American Fern Journal
EDITORS
C. A. WEATHERBY .............. 27 Raymond St., Cambridge, Mass.
R. C. BENEDICT ............ 1819 Dorchester Road, Brooklyn, N. Y.
W. R. Maxon ................. Smithsonian copia Washington, D D. €.

illustrated quarterly devoted to the general study of ferns.
Subscription, ay per de oa foreign, 10 cents extra; sent free

to SOCIETY (annual dues,
$1.50; life membership, $25.00). Extracted ee if ordered in
advance, will be furnished authors at cost. They should be ordered

when proof is ret;
voruee 3; nage aeace igh $2.00; other volumes $1.25 each.

| for : OTT
should seh prilecer the teeabee of the bomen

: ae _ LIBRARIAN. see)
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: | CURATOR OF THE HERBARIUM poe
L. 8. Horne Culver-Stockton College, Canton, Me .

Amprican Fern Journal

Vou. 28 APRIL-JUNE, 1938 : No. 2

The Ferns and Fern Allies of Kentucky’
Tuos. N. McCoy

Kentucky should be of special interest botanically, be-
cause of its location. The state reaches from the Ap-
palachian Mountains to the Mississippi River, a distance
of some 420 miles, and is midway between the Great Lakes
and the Gulf of Mexico. The overlapping of the northern
flora with the southern flora at this midpoint gives this
State a very interesting cross-section of the fern flora of
the eastern half of the United States.

This work is based on the specimens in the herbaria of
the University of Kentucky, the Kentucky Experiment
Station, Frank T. McFarland, and the Philadelphia
Academy of Natural Sciences, with as many species as
could be collected by the writer. Fifty-five counties and
all the Natural Regions except the Ohio River Flood Plain
and the Western Coal Field are represented. The writer
has collected all the species in this list except Trichomanes
Boschianum Sturm, Woodwardia areolata (L.) Moore,
Ophioglossum vulgatum Linnaeus, Ophioglossum Engel-
manni Prantl, Botrychium dissectum Sprengel, and
Lycopodium complanatum Linnaeus var. flabelliforme
Fernald, and specimens of each have been deposited in
the herbaria of the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences and
the Morehead State Teachers College. The list includes
ouly species of which authentic specimens have been seen.
*A portion of a thesis presented to the graduate school of the
University of Kentucky for the Master of Science degree.

[Volume 28, No. 1 of the JouRNAL, pages 1-40, plates 1-4, was

ued March 17, 1938, ]

41

42 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Asplenium ebenoides R. R. Scott, Dryopteris cristata
(Linnaeus) A. Gray, Phegopteris polypodioides Fée, and
Woodsia ilvensis (Linnaeus) R. Brown, previously re-
ported for the state, have been omitted because a specimen
could not be located. Further exploration will doubtless
reveal a few more species within the confines of this state,
but until they are found we cannot include them in the
ne
The writer wishes to express thanks to.Dr. Frank T.
McFarland, for his counsel and guidance in the prepa-
ration of the thesis of which this paper is a part; also to
Mr. C. A. Weatherby, for helpful suggestions. Further,
he is indebted to Dr. Edgar T. Wherry for the list of
ferns and fern allies of Kentucky that are in the Phila-
delphia Academy of Sciences Herbarium which represents
extensive collections throughout the state, for checking
the identification of a large part of his collection, and for
the liberal contribution of personal notes and information.
To the late E. W. Graves, who just a few days before his
death, checked the identification of the Botrychiums and
added much to the study of this group of plants, I am
much indebted. The following key is adapted from many
authors.
sigan ios THE FERNS AND FERN ALLIES OF KENTU
la. Plants ing — climbing............. Lygodium Sa cee (43)
1b. Plants el NINGATIRG: ace te cle CEs eee
2a. Plants er leaves 4-foliolate.. oe aid iane com
2b. Plants terre strial ; le leaves not 4-folio

3a. Fronds pellucid, a geet layer of salle
Trichomanes Boschianum @)

3b. Fronds eae translucent, mamy Cells Chick oe eecccsesssscceeecenneemneee
4a. Stems jointed - 0). a ee 5
4b. Stems not SORNEOG ee 6
5a. Fertile stem branchless, without eres nth sterile stems
green, with branches at the nodes... Equ Niece ae e (54)
5b. Stems monomorphic, branches absent, ra a
um pra (55)
6a. Sporangia borne in a simple spike or “ig 5 oes e and not in
the axils of ain: leaves
6b. Sporangia no a spike, or if a spike is formed the sporangia
in the axils oft beaten leaves

FERNS OF KENTUCKY 43

7a. Sterile betas of frond entire, net-veined .. 8
7b. Sterile —— of frond dissected, pg Worked oc. 9
8a. patie dary veins numerous; sterile see ade with a short point at

SAO ES Ee GE trot ioglossum Engelmanni (48)

Oph
8b. "ond a veins nearly absent; tip of sterile blade rounded.
Ophioglossum vulgatum (47)
9a. Sterile segment sessile near the middle of the plant.
otrychium virginianum (52)
9b. Sterile s segment on a long petiole from near the base ............
10a. Pinnae eut into rectangular segments and iiikahsod at the end.
Bot rychium dissectum (49)
10b. Pinnae not cut into rectangular segments
lla. 5 Soares Nonciicetid eo triangular in general form, taper-
2 10 & Narrow point 2... Botrychium —— (50)
lb. Pisnicies oblong, sa ate with o ; wither: many lob
Botrychium ehlichaaa var. Leauitoligil (51)
12a, tha borne on le aes = or on a separate frond... :

12b. Sporangia not on reduced pin
. 18a. All eps of mein sche frond geese ae EON Ne cons aes in
13b. Not all the | piling sedueed 02 a 16

ced
14a, Vertile fronds rae re) to veins, sporangia naked.
unda cinnamomea (46)
14b. Fronds Sega up into berry-like bodies which enclose the

wk dasa Eco ee aU teen AR ce freA GSN Uc Tae SE

15a. Fronds roll ed wu up into berry-like bodies, which Digs the
sporangia; divisions of the sterile frond lobed, n ate.

noclea sonsibilis (41)

15b. Sheil ee up into bean-like bodies, which enclose ore
; divisions of the mene. fronds not lobed, finel
serra ror areolata (42)

- , b. Pinnae reduced at the upper half of tha fertile frond............
4. Fertile pinnae much reduced only in the nupet ~ of the
blade; sterile pinnae with gs ape tae bristly tee
18b. Pol stichum N vobokdes (26)
Fertile ig te slightly Sanbeniig ste rile pinnae with large spiny
teeth, t nt he lower often fertile at tip; fronds larger os darker

22a. Fronds sm. tee

and
22b. Fronds preci with brownish s wie
a. Ind Polypoaium ke ui oe
ah T dusia formed by an inrolled m the frond
Indusia not an inrolled margin as the fend co a

39a.
39b.

40a.

. Stipes tufted; frond not ternate, small

. Fronds glabro
a. Fronds oR la at the base; rootstock — reddish scal fei

angia
: Taoatn not cup-shaped
Indusia orbicular or kidney- wae by 32
ia

Dry
. Margin of the frond not revolute; veins

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

- Sori dist 25
. Soria foarte marginal band 27
. Midrib of the pinnule aon Bee Dennstaedtia punctilobula (40)
. Midrib of the pinnule abse 26
. Stipe forked at the top; Dade a semicircle,

Adiantum pedatum (4)

. Stipe not forked; rachis zigzag.

Adiantum Capillus-V eneris (5)
Stipes solitary; frond ternate, large.
Pteridium latiusculum (6)

Fronds with rusty jointed hairs .............. Cheilanthes lanosa @ ,

stipe smooth Pella ae Bary (9)

. Fronds pate than tripinnate; rootstock with h scales;

stipe rough Pellaea operon ea (8)

. India cup-shaped, attached to the monepinel beneath the

oodsia obtusa et

‘ side
onal gta d by de CONLEY 2 a eee
. Bulblet ee Cystopteris bulbifera po

" Bulblets
er stag moans old frond-bases absent, Bremng gira
ong-exserted and ieagiue s scaly; the basal pinnules
gent stalked... Cystopteris fragilis var. protrusa Bet )

. Rootstocks short, old frond- ean ‘iene growing poin nat

g
at: densely scaly; asal pinn ssile, pinnules nice
iddle............ Cys nastier yrapiie var. Mackayi Ho8)

e the mid
i Midnerve of the pinnule pea at least some hairs presen

TOOTSUOGE COC PT cs lee

pin
2 ee sid the pinnules curved at base; no hairs; rootstock

short, @reet 6a ee

. Margin of tha fertile frond potion at! revolute; veins of sterile
g pla

frond forked; marsh or bog
pteris lair. teva Sage
all simple

marsh or bog plant... Dryopteris a

ae
~ Sori near the midvein cccccccscccctscssneeen .Dryopteris Goldiana hee

Sori not nearer midvein than margi
Bipinnate or bipinnatifia, ponies thick, firm, teeth plunt.. ae - 30
Tripinnate or tripinnatifid, texture delicate, teeth sharp, some-
what spine-tipped concent
Pinnules entire or crenate 0... Dryopteris marginalis (30)
Pinnules toothed or lobed.
Dravietate marginalis £. pgeianes (31)
Pinnae of the lowermost pair deltoid, basal pinnules
elongate; cutting of margin incons _ ieuous,
pressed; indusia glabrous; scales 0
throughout 006

ryo
a. ates small, evergreen, say ock-loy.

Ferns oF KENTUCKY 45

- The Apa i ehcp ips ovate, their basal erage short-

ened; ing on margin conspicu ous, the teet eae Sg
iausia sie Enobbed hairs; scales with dark bro
pteris spinulosa var. inertia (35)
ing

onds tall, and herbaceou

; peaks s entire; veins netted. <Calupiaanea rhizophyllus (5)
- Fronds pinnate or pinnatifid
- Fronds pinnatifid, aks paris

Asplenium pinnatifidum (10)

43b. Fronds A tapers at least at base
44a. Both stipe and rachis green............. Asplenium cryptolepis (19)
44b. Both stipe and sare not green . 45
45a. Fronds pinnate only at = vee 46
45b. Fronds pinnate all the way up .... 47
46a. sions third of the stipe rails gerne of frond thickish ; pinnae
serrate; 2-3 pairs of stalked pinnae; spores light brow
Asplenium T Prudet a2)
46b. ihe real ie hse and shining, the color

- Pinnae finely serra ely
- Pinnae de eeply Reiire

- Fronds once cinpaley ute

he 6 pairs of stalked pinna dake ie
en eatare thisniek spores dark brown.
splenium kentuckiense (11)

- Fronds more than once pinnate; icine pinnatifid or deeply

cut-lob

- Fronds not more than once pinnate, pinnae e entire or serrate 49
i Fronds almost deltoid; rachis and adjacent stipe flat and

stead Asplenium montanum (18)

: routs oblong- Fes sea the basal pinnules — sometimes

shorter than in the middle; rachis black and s g.
Asplenium Bradley (17)

a. Pinnae hes or wedge-shape.......... A Trichomanes (13)

nium Ai da laa f. serratum (15)
enti

Athy rium pycnocarpon (20)
Fronds S more os once pinnate, pinnae in

- Frond
‘ Fronds broadest near the base; generally: ‘the “second pair o

incise
» Fronds ca i cs ee aa Athyrium thelypteroides @)y

pinnae long rium asplenioides (2)

: Fronds not Beoadad neat the base oe

: Fronds alike, broad, the sori ‘separa

hyriu m angustum var. ee (23)
; sori

46 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

57a. Sporangia in axils of foliage leaves, not forming a spike..... 58
57b. Sporangia in axils of reduced bracteal leaves, green
spikes . 59

58a. tone broader above the middle, toothed.
+e Again lucidulum (57)

58b. Leaves lance-linear, attenuate, enti
Lye Hef set Selago var. patens (56)
59a. Fertile branch ened ap to the spike.

tf) ie aie obscurum var. dendroideuwm be!
59b. Spikes borne iy pois ped

60a, Running stems at the pases ‘of ground; branches 2-4 mm
broad "Lyospodt um complanatum var. Mabellipovns (59)
60b. aa stems deep in the ground; branches 1-2

oad

61a. tetel leaves appressed; branches erect and e wded.
Lycopodium tristachyum (60)

61b. Lateral leaves gig ones branches pata open.
Lycopodium tristachyum var. Accum (61)

Oe be continued)

A County Check-List of Florida Ferns and
ern Allies
Donovan S. CorrELL
(Continued from Page 16)
2. ANEMIA Sw.

1. ANEMIA ADIANTIFOLIA c) Sw. Rocky soil ioe oe en pine-
lands and hammocks. Coun Citrus: Correll ID); 7 Oeitias
Buswell (M) ; pee bensit pee (D) ; Monroe: pet 6067 (D);
Sumter: Scott (D

3. Lyeopium Sw. Climbing-ferns
1. Lygoprum saPponicum (Thunb.) Sw. Moist soil in thickets of
phat as and along roadsides. The recent discovery of the Japanese
bing-fern in northern Florida adds another state to the range
i this rapidly spreading species. The writer has collected this Old
World species in Georgia and South Carolina where it has become
well-established. It has also been found in Alabama, and may be
expected in other southern states. Counties: Liberty: Small, E.
and R. St. John
2. LYGoDIUM PALMATUM (Bernh.) Sw. Low, moist soil in woods
and thickets. The occurrence of this typically northern plant in
Dade County is very unusual. This is especially significant since n?
other collections were seen from the state. Collectors should make

AMERICAN FERN JouRNAL VouumeE 28, PLATE 5

GEORGIA

ALABAMA

x

.@)

ST FLORIDA

. ”
P< my . a
oO.
Map of Florida showing the distribution of the various species of pterido-

. ¥tes by Counties. Each dot within a county represents one species collected

.

48 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

an effort to find this species in northern Florida. Counties: Dade:

FaMIby 4, Oratorrenipsceas Floating-fern Family
. CERATOPTERIS Brongn. ee
1. CERATOPTERIS PTERIDOIDES set es Floating on still
water of canals and rivers. Counties: Citr Y eitics 5973 (NY);
Hernando: Curtiss (F97); Highlands: pence 6178 (D); Lake:
Hyning (F98); Seminole: Rapp (P).

Famity 5. POoLYPoprIaAcEAE Fern Family
1. AcrosticHum L. Leather- ss
1, ACROSTICHUM AUREUM L. Low hamm n brackish situ-

ations, salt marshes and swamps. Counties: ee Moldenke 1003
(D); Dade: Tatnall 745 (P); Lee: Eaton 1169 (G); Monroe:
Correll 6077 (D); Pinellas: Biltmore Herbarium 195b (N).
2. ACROSTICHUM DANEAEFoLIUM Langsd. & Fisch. Brackish and
freshwater Mihi Pr and marshes, wet hammocks, and open places.
unties: ard: Singeltary oe Broward: Correll 6145 (D);
Citrus: pei 5789 (D); Co : Faxon (G); Dade: Moldenke
393 (D); pears web 222 i : eaacy: Lovett 236 (D) ; cee
lands: MeFari Bh (H); Hillsborough: Churchill (G); Lee:
Hitchcock 543 “G : anatee: Singeltary 32 (D); Orange: Rapp
Beach: ee 1 (F145); Pinellas: Miller and Reeves
(); Polk: McFarlin 4731 (H); Saint Johns: Reynolds (G);
Sarasota: Scott (D); Seminole: Lambert 20 (P); Volusia: Slopon
(G
2. ADIANTUM L. Maidenhair-ferns

1, ADIANTUM CaPILLUS-VENERIS L. Limestone rocks, in
mocks and along river banks. Counties: Alachua: Correll pas
Oe My Thoun: Small and West abe Citrus: E. St. — n

TUM MELANOLEUCUM . Hammocks, edge of lime-
sinks. Counties: Dade: Small 8130 (NY).

3. ADIANTUM TENERUM Sw. Low hammocks and open limestone
rocks. Counties: Alachua: O’Neill 587 (C); Citrus: Correll 5817
(D); Dade: coe 6030 (D); Hernando: Correll 5840 (D);

Marion: Davenport (NY); Saint Johns: Reynolds (P); Volusia:
Reynolds (NY

CHECK-List oF FLormA FERNS 49

3. ANCHISTEA Presl. Virginia chain-fern
1. ANCHISTEA vireInica (L.) fed Swamps and marshes, low
prairies, and thickets in hammoc The Virginia chain-fern has
been found in 27 counties. It is patie abundant in northern
Florida, becoming less common southwar

4, ASPLENIUM L. pee

ae ita i ABSCISSUM Willd. Limestone rocks in low, moist
hammocks. Counties: Alachua: Small mag nary 11649 (NY);
Citrus: Poe 5821 (D); Dade Soar (NY); Hernando: Correll
5841 (D); Marion: Reynolds (P) ; Sumter: oes Knight, E. and
R. St. John (P).

2. ASPLENIUM ADIANTUM-NIGRUM L. On limestone rocks. Al-
though collected many years ago (1879) near Ocala, no p Fureher col
lections of this s species seem to have been made in is i
an Old World species which is perhaps not easily acclimated to
conditions in Florida. Counties: Marion: Reynolds
Pet Be “agate AURITUM Sw. On tree trunks or rocks in ham-
mocks. Counties: Hitlshoreupts: Knight (D); Paseo: RB. and E. St.
John 405 ee = ae Lewton

4. ASPLENIUM BISCAYNEANUM (D. C. ‘Eat ton) A. A. Eaton. Lime-
Stone sinks and cliffs. Counties: Dade: Small 10534 ae

5. ASPL i;

Sinks in hammocks. Counties: Citrus: Bus : OD; ; Sumter:
ohn (P

- ASPLENIUM CuRTIssu Underw. On Tapeties 2 rocks and in
limestone sinks in hammocks. Counties: Alachua: Small and
Knight (NY); Citrus: Correll 5836 (D); Hernando: Singeltary
(D) ; anita Gates 1813 (NY).

7. ASPLENIUM pENTATUM L. On rock walls in hammocks.

8. ASPLENIUM HETEROCHROUM Kunze. Limestone ~ - lime-
sinks in low hammocks. Counties: Alachua: pss 7 (D);
Citrus: Correll 5822 (b) ; Columbia: Correll 6449A 1D); Her-
nando: Singeltary (D) ; Jackson: Small and West (F207) ; sated

ێ

\. Ss.
hammocks, and along stream banks. Counties: Alachua: Correll
6434 (D); Desaa, Palmer 657 (G); Citrus: Correll 58224 (D) ;
Columbia: Bitting 9 (NY); Dade: Underwood 1559 (NY); Dixie:
Correll 5748 (D) ; Duval: Churchiil (@); Gadsden: West (F2149) ;

50 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Posner Norton 447 (N); Bowing Blanton and O’Neill
6710 (C); Jackson: Small and West (F240); Jefferson: Wherry
P); Lake: Nash 1138 (G); Leon: Correll 5572 (D); Liberty:

Small and DeWinkeler 11443 (N 323 ae rion: Palmer 39405 (P);

Orange: Rapp (P); Pasco: Benedict and joan Maee a

McFarlin 3555 (H); Sumter: Hee Ss

Arnold (F111); lace Faxon (G); ate spars boy pe:
10. ASPLENIUM PUMILUM Sw. Lim whe rocks and ledges in
mmocks. Countie Sp sia O’Neill (C); Hernando: £. St.

a PES RESILIENS Kunze. On rocks in hammocks, and
in rocky g river bluffs. Counties: Alachu West
(F259); Citrus: Mazon, Grout, McFarlin 10267 (H); C -

Correll 6449 (D); Gadsden ); Hernando
Correll 5842 (D); Liberty: Curtiss 3720 (P); Marion
(NY); Volusia: Fuller (G); shington: Wherry (P)

a SERRATUM On the base o , and on logs

: f tr
and stumps in hammocks. Counties: Collier: Correll 5962 (D);
Dade: ys 5985 (D); Lee: Small 7745 (NY); Monroe: O’Neill
(C); Volusia: Curtiss (NY).

3. RECUNDUM Chapm. In lime-sinks and on rocks
in low hammocks. Counties: Alachua: Small and Wherry 11651
(NY); Citrus: page 5837 oe umbia: eine 6450 (D);
Dade: Correll 4 (D); Hernan aa. eon y (D); Jackson:
Chapman jects ; senardh vated 1876 ONY); Monroe: Small
and Carter (P).

5. ATHyRIUM Roth. Lady-ferns
1. ATHYRIUM ASPLENIOIDES Seon Desv. Sapte moist woods
along streams, an amm Coun Alachua: West
(F298) ; Columbia: pissing 5 (NY); pe pe 5102 (N);
Gadsden: O’Neill (F300); Leon: Berg (NY); Liberty: Correll
D)

6. BLECHNUM L. Swamp-ferns

1. BLECHNUM OCCIDENTALE L. Low hammocks or woods, along
rocky streams. Counties: Hernando: Small, Mosier, and De-
Winkeler (
2. BLECHNUM SERRULATUM L. C. Rich. Swamps, marshes, thi
ets, moist prairies, and hammocks. Counties: Brevard: Bart

; ; Clay
Collier: Correll 5945 (D); Dade: Moldenke 334 (D); des:
Lovett 241 (D); pee pe (F331); Highlands: Leeds

CuHECcK-List oF FLormpA FERNS 51

241 (P); Hillsborough: Correll 5875 } ; Lake: Underwood 1520
(NY);

Lee: Correll 5902 (D); Manatee: ieee 5883 (D);
Monroe: McFarlin 9884 (H) ; Sian Bittin, NY); Osceola:
Singeltary (D); Pal she Sioa ae : O ree (©);
Pinellas: Reeves ond 6 ler (D); Polk: MoRartin 3752 (H

Putnam: Scott (D); Sa ae Johns: Reynolds (NY); hetenaia
Scott (D) ; Seminole: Lambert 17 (P) ; Sumter: St. John (F2151) ;
Volusia: Friesner 2031 (D).

7. CAMPYLONEURON Presl. Strap-ferns
1. CAMPYLONEURON ANGUSTIFOLIUM (Sw.) Fée. On trees in ham-
mocks. Counties: Collier: Scull (F11521); Dade: Eaton (NY);
Seminole: Eaton 1023 in part (G).
2. CAMPYLONEURON COSTATUM (Kunze) Presl. On trees and logs
in hammocks. Counties: Collier: Eaton 1135 (G).
- CAMPYLONEURON LATUM Moore. On the base of trees, and on
rock ledges in hammocks. Counties: Dade: Eaton 562 (N); High-
(D).

AMPYLONEURON PHYLLITIDIS (L.) Presl. ee tree trunks,
logs, stumps, and in wet soil of hammocks. Counties: Brevard:
Palmer (G) ; Collier: Correll 5956 (D); Dade: Cuca 6019 (D);
ele Curtiss (NY); Highlands: pablo 6258 (D); Lake: West

er orr

204 (N); Orange: ae (NY); Palm Beach: Underwood 2222

Pe); Polk: McFarlin 4115 (H); Saint Johns: Reynolds (NY).

8. CHEILANTHES Sw. Lip-ferns

1. CHE oe pcan. Sw. On shell mounds or shell

islands. Coun: Citr . St. John (NY); Collier: oom eill

7590 (D); Mes Ourties feat (NY); Lee: Small 7756 (NY);
Washington: Small and Knight (NY).

9. CyrTomIuM Presl.
TOMIUM FALCATUM (L, fil.) Presl. On coquina stone walls.

N seen aig than those from the fort. Counties: Saint
Correll 6381 (D).

: 10. DENNSTAEDTIA Bernh.
1 DENNSTAEDTIA ADIANTOIDES (Humb. & Bonpl.) Moore. Dense,

52 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

moist hammocks. Counties: Palm Beach: Small, Mosier, and Matt-
haus (NY).
11, Dryoprreris Adans. Shield-ferns
Biases AMPLA (H. & B.) Kuntze. Low, moist hammocks.
rae : Collier: Buswell (NY); Dade: Correll 6095 (D); Mana-
tee: eee (F476); Polk: O’Neill (N).
2. DRYOPTERIS AUGESCENS (Link) C. Chr. Hammocks or woods,
limeston:

on exposed e rocks. Counties: Alachua: Correll 5764A
(D); Citrus rinpsp 10403 (NY); Dade: R. St. John 308 (NY);
Dixie: Correll 5749A (D); Highlands: Miller (D); Liberty: Small

Scott
3. DRYOPTERIS DENTATA pei C. Chr. ieeaeentios - low,
moist, rocky woods along streams. Counti Alachua: Correll
5764 (D); Dade: Small and yi 5490 (NY) ; ei: Chap-
(NY); Se eee Biltmore Herbarium 14460 (N); Hardee
d BR. St. John (

and ah ceil ae (N); Osceola: Singeltary 21 (D); Sumter:
(D).

BS
Ss
=
%
is)
~
rd
°
~ S
—
=]
%
=,
=~
se
=
7]
5
=
o>
8

il (
and Reeves (D); Polk: cin 6284 (D); Seminole: ‘one 6359

ae! (NY).

RYOPTERIS spans (Hook.) Kuntze. Hammocks and
low, swampy, r ag sgt stent most of the state. Coun-
ies: Alachua: Dale 3 (D); Brevard: Small, Mosier, and
DeWinkeler 10973 ( ee Gis Correll 5795 (D); Clay: Canby
(N); Columbia: Bitting 6 (NY); Duval: Curtiss 4809 (NY);

: Small, E. and fe (NX) 2: da

Marion: Underwood 1816 (NY); Nassau: Faxon (G) ; Okeechobee:
Buswell ys Orange: Mazon 10806 Saas og « O'Neill (C);
y (P); Putnam: Scott (D); Saint Johns: Reynolds
(NY); uae Lambdit 8 (P); Su sae: Lewton (NY);

Volusia: Friesner 2033 (D); Wakulla: Correll 5672 (D).
5. DRYOPTERIS vices Spats Kuntze. ee swamps,
ammock Cou : Brevard: Palm afte 4S roward:
and

(NY); Highlands: Correll 6268 (D); Lake: ieee: 1905a
(NY); Lee: Curtiss 3740 ne. Manatee: Tracy 7633 (NY);

CuHEcK-List oF Fiormwa FERNS 53

_ Martin: Correll 6157 (D) ; Orange: Rapp (P); - hewsgech aire ctihs
28 (D); Palm Beach: Randolph 129 (G); O’Neill 1709
(C); Polk: Scott (D); Seminole: Correll oer "(D); St. phe
Small 4314 (NY); Volusia: Faxon (P).

6. DRYOPTERIS HEXAGONOPTERA (Michx.) C. Chr. Low, moist,

ch woods, usually along stream banks. Counties: Jackson:
Small and Wherry 11689 (NY).

7. DRyopreris macilenta (E. § pepe as comb. nov. Frage cits
macilenta E. St. John, Amer. Fern. Jour. 26: 52. 1936). Roeky
hammock. Counties: ES EB, res 204 aa .

8. DRYOPTERIS NORMALIS C. Ch Pp oist hammocks and

81 (NY)
Clay: Smith 12 (G); Collier: Leeds 320 (P); Columbia: Correil
6454 (D); Dade: Correll 6108 (D); Dixie: Correll 574 a (D);
Duval: Curtiss 4810 (NY); Escambia: Price (NY); Franklin:
Jourman (P); Gadsden: Leeds 531 (P); Glades: AE (D);
Hernando: Small, Mosier, and DeWinkeler 11339 (NY); High-
lands: Correll 6252 (D); Hillsborough: Curtiss 3743 (NY); Jack-
687 ; J

5899 (D); Liberty: Small, F and R. St. John (NY); anatee:
Tracy 7632 (NY); Marion: Cocrott 5779 (D) ; Okeechobee: Come
6159

; Pasa!
Garber (NY); Saint Johns: Reynolds (NY); at —
6368 (D) ; Sumter: Lewton (NY); Suwanee: Wiegand and M
ming 22 (G); i oes Small (NY); Wakulla: Correll 5667 (Dy;
po maton: ry (P).
lari PANAMENSIS (Presl) C. Chr. Wet hammocks and
a seepage along wooded river banks. Counties: De Soto: Bright
a (G); Pasco: O'Neitt 7589 (D); Polk: Correll 6287 ».
0. Drvopreris parens (Sw.) Kuntze. Hammocks. Counties:
Da: Eaton (N).
RYOPTERIS REPTANS (J. F. Gmel.) C. Chr. On rocks in
i. moist hammocks and woods. Counties: Alachua: Small and
Wherry 11652 (NY); Citrus: Correll 5818 (D); Dade: Correll
> (D) ; Hernando: Mingling (D); Marion: Smith (G); Mon-
Toe: Small 7489 (NY),
12. Drvoprerts srmionns (Blume) Kuntze. Swamps, marshes,
and wet woods. Counties: Hernando: St. John (F451); High-
lands: Correll 6249 (D); Manatee: Reasoner (NY); Orange ():

54 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Buswell (M); Osceola: nae. sar ; Polk: Small and Matthaus
11615a (NY); Saint Johns: Knight (NY); Seminole: Correll 6363
(D); Volusia; Small 11560 (D). - turalized from the old world
tropics

13. Devorrmnrs SUBMARGINALIS (Langsd. & Fisch.) C. Chr.
Hammocks. Counties: Collier: Buswell (NY); Palm Beach:

NY).

UBTETRAGONA (Link) Maxon. Hammocks and

low, moist, open woods. Counties: Citrus: Correll 5824 (D); Her-

nando: Small, ris E. and R. St. John (NY); Marion: Adams
©; Sumter: Adams (G).

DRYOPTERIS THELYPTERIS (L.) A. Gray. Swamps, marshes,

ade county
lections from 22 scattered ae it would appear that this species
occurs throughout the state

12. GONIOPHLEBIUM Preat: Brazilian polypody

1. GONIOPHLEBIUM BRASILIENSE (Poir.) Small. Low hammocks.

Counties: Collier: Small, Mosier, and DeWinkeler (NY).
13. Hypoueris Bernh.
i. peters REPENS ae “en Hammocks, and moist soil

along streams oods. unties: _ Hernan do: St. John
(F565); Hig Baad: gerne ses “(D); Hil sborough: ufo 3
(NY); Monroe: Faxon (G); O occa Prat beste ange:
Williamson (NY); —— peace 2 (D); Pasco: O'Neill
(C); Pinellas: BR. St. m 183 (NY); mae: palaw (G); Put-
nam: Conel 1 6411 (D); pail’ Rapp (NY).

(To be continued)

DRYOPTERIS GOLDIANA X MARGINALIS 55

A Comparison of the Basal Scales and Indusia of
Dryopteris Goldiana x Marginalis with
Those of Its Parent Species

SYDNEY S. GREENFIELD

Almost three decades ago, studies on fern hybrids were
the subject of considerable discussion. The work con-
sisted largely of demonstrating the existence of these
hybrids and describing them. Slosson (1900) was able
to produce fern hybrids experimentally, and Dowell
(1908) and Benedict (1909) described the numerous in-
terspecifie hybrids in the genus Dryopteris which were
found in nature.

The hybrid D. Goldiana x marginalis was described by
Dowell as being intermediate between its alleged parents
in all characteristics. These included general habit, ap-
pearance, color and position of the sori. The descrip-
tion was general and based largely upon gross characters.
Benedict (1909) pointed out that although the D.
cristata x marginalis hybrid which he described was in-
termediate in character, not all plants were intermediate
to the same extent, some showing greater resemblance to
One parent species, and some to the other. Fern hybrids
have also been found to be sterile and to have a tendency
to produce abnormal or abortive spores.

In October of 1935, Dr. Benedict collected about 80
Specimens of D. Goldiana x marginalis as well as twenty of
each of the parent species. They were found growing in
the same locality near Springdale, New Jersey. These
leaves were pressed and constituted the material used in
the present study. It was undertaken to study the hy-
brid in comparison with its parent species, particularly
with regard to the basal scales and indusia, in order to
determine the possibility of diagnostic characters in these
Structures, and upon what basis they might be differ-

56 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

entiated. This work was done in the Botany laboratory of
the Biology Department of Brooklyn College during the
spring of 1936. Iam greatly indebted to Professor Ralph
C. Benedict for his invaluable aid and helpful suggestions
offered throughout the course of the study.

MeEtHops.—Representative basal scales and indusia were
removed from various parts of the dried specimens. The
basal scales were fairly flat, and were mounted on slides
in a mixture of 50 parts tap water, 35 parts glycerin, and
15 parts of 95 per cent ethyl aleohol. The indusia were
wrinkled and were relaxed by boiling in water for three
or four minutes before being mounted. Evaporation from
the mounting medium left the tissues in glycerin, in a
semi-permanent condition convenient for study and
storage.

OBSERVATIONS AND Discussion.—In general, the hybrid
plants corresponded to the description given by Dowell
(1908) except that they were found to be quite variable.
Some closely resemble one parent, many appear inter-
mediate, and others resemble the other parent species.
But in all cases they were distinguishable as hybrids.
Many sori from each leaf were examined and found sterile,
the sporangia being small and abortive. In a very few
cases, small, coal-black spores were found; some others
hed pale green and granular walls. In no case were
spo.es found which appeared anything like the golden
brown spores of the parent species.

Tue Basa Scaues; D. MARGINALIS.—The scales at the
base of the leaves of this fern are very numerous and
have the appearance of chaff. Most of them are from 10
mm. to 25 mm. in length, and each has a small, dark brown
area at the base. The rest of the scale is light tan in color

. 1). Some of the seales are smaller and more
regularly shaped. The cells at the end of attachment
are short and broad, being almost isodiametrie, and the

DryYopTeris GOLDIANA X MARGINALIS a

walls have curved edges. The cell pattern becomes
brick-like and more regular, distal to this base region.
Cell-wall pits are rare and found only in the sclerotic
area at the base.

D. Gotp1ana.—The scales are dark brown and thick
(fig. 2). The proximal cells are very irregular in number
of sides and in size, but are mostly isodiametrie in shape.
The cellular pattern is fairly regular and_brick-like
throughout the rest of the scale. The cell endings are
angular, with slightly curved junctions. The dark brown,
Sclerotic area is spread over most of the scale, and the
cell-wall pits are abundant in this region. In the clear
peripheral area, pits are rare, and multicellular projec-
tions (laciniae) occur frequently along the edges (fig. 4).
Most of the scales are from 14 mm. to 20 mm. in length.
The frequency of occurrence of cell-wall pits in this spe-
cies’ scales is shown in cell walls from the dark brown area
of the basal scale (fig. 6). These pits appear as thin, non-
Sclerotie portions of the cell wall. The types found are
illustrated in figure 5, the most common being a, ¢ and d.

GOLDIANA x MARGINALIS.—The hybrid has scales
ranging in type from one to the other parent. They may
be divided into three groups, however, 10 per cent in each
of two parental-type groups, and about 80 per cent in the
intermediate group. ‘These classes are not distinct but
constitute an intergraded series from one type to the
other. The intermediate type of basal scale has a dark
brown area proportionally larger than that in D. mar-
ginalis, and smaller than in D. Goldiana. (Compare
figures 1,2and3.) It occupies about half the area of the
Scale, and is sometimes discontinuous, existing as two or
three islands on the clear background. The proximal
region is the darkest, the intensity of the brown color
diminishing with each brown island from the base. This
type was not found on any basal seale of either parent

58 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

species. Both parental types have a very dark and a
very light area on the scale, but the intermediate type
hybrid has an intermediate brown color in the distal
islands. Pits are abundant in the cell walls of the dark
brown areas, but scarce or absent in the regions of inter-
mediate color. They were not found in the cell walls of the
clear, light tan area. Most of the hybrid scales are from
12 mm. to 16 mm. long, never reaching the size of the
largest parental scales (fig. 3

Several basal scales were tested for various cell-wall
substances in order to determine the possible presence of
these substances in the sclerotic cell walls. All tests gave
negative results except the alcoholic phoroglucin solution
(1 g. phoroglucin in 100 ee. 95 per cent ethyl alcohol)
with subsequent application of a drop of concentrated
HCl. This gave a brilliant red color, which is the specific
reaction for lignin. Therefore, in addition to being
sclerotic, these cell walls in the brown areas are lignified.

THe Inpusta.—D. marginalis has indusia with very
numerous cells per unit area, and the cell walls are very
much wrinkled, giving the indusium a characteristic ap-
pearance (fig.9). The indusia are about 1.0 mm. in long-
est diameter, somewhat smaller than those of D. Goldiana,
but having more cells in an equal area. The cellular
pattern is wrinkled in the mature dry condition, with
dominant radial lines. The cell walls were somewhat
relaxed after the boiling treatment, and figure 9 illus-
trates the nature of the cell-wall wrinkling under very
high magnification.

D. Goldiana has large round indusia which are about
1.5 mm. in longest diameter. The cell walls are not much
wrinkled, relax easily, and the cellular pattern is broad.
The dominant lines in the indusial wall pattern are con-
eentrically cireular (Fig. 7).

D. Goldiana x marginalis. As in the ease of the basal

DRYOPTERIS GOLDIANA X MARGINALIS 59

Scales, we may divide the indusia into three groups, two
parental types and an intermediate type. There is a
correlation between the scale and indusial type, as there is
between these organs and the general habit of the plant.
In the parental types, the hybrid indusia are much smaller
than those of the pure species. These hybrid indusia are
very variable and form an intergrading series in type,
with about 80 per cent definitely showing intermediate
characteristics.

The intermediate type of indusium (fig. 8) is from
0.5 to 0.8 mm. in diameter, being much smaller than
either parental species. The number of cells per unit
area varies within a single indusium as it does from one
_toanother. This condition is not present in either parent.
There are no dominant lines, and the walls are heavy and
wrinkled. The cell walls are generally thicker than
those of the parent species. In some indusia there are
regions of broad cells and others of small wrinkled cells,
Suggestive of the types found in both parents:

Herbarium specimens from various collections were
examined and found to conform with the foregoing ob-
servations. In some cases, however, the hybrid indusia
were found slightly larger than those herein recorded.

UMMARY.—The basal scales and indusia of Dryopteris
Goldiana, D. marginalis and the interspecific hybrid D.
eins: x marginalis were studied comparatively. The
Scales and indusia of the pure species were found to be
characteristically different. Those of the hybrid pre-
Sented a series of types ranging from one parent to the
other, with the majority of about 80 per cent being defi-
nitely intermediate. There is a correlation between the
type of Reaniee basal scales and the general habit of
the plan

LITERATURE CITED
Benedict, R.C. 1909. New Hybrids in Dryopteris. Bull. Torrey _
; Club 36: 41-49,

60 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Dowell, P. 1908. New ferns described as sph in the genus
Dryopteris. Bull. Torrey Club 35: 135-140.

Slosson, M. 1900. Experiments in hybridizing ferns. Fernwort
Papers, 19-25, 20 D.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES

PLATE 6. Figs. 1-6. Basal scales. Fig. 1. Basal scales of D.
marginalis. Fig. 2. Basal scales of D. Goldiana. Fig. 3. Basal

dark brown sclerotic regions. Fig. 4. Multicellular projection from
the periphery of a basal scale of D. Goldiana. Fig. 5. Cell w
ie very highly magnified. Fig. 6. Diagram of the ee =
wall pits in the dark brown areas of the scales of D. Goldia

ie Fig. 7. Camera lucida drawing of cell walls are an
indusium of D, Goldiana. Fig. 8. Indusium of D. Goldiana x mar-
ginalis, magnification as in fig. 7. Fig. 9. More highly magni
portion of the indusium of D. lncecinalis, showing the nature of
the cell wall wrinkling.

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VOLUME 28, PLATE 6

—

DRYOPTERIS GOLDIANA X MARGINALIS AND ITS PARENTS.

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VoLUME 28, PLATE 7

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DRYOPTERIS GOLDIANA X MARGINALIS AND ITS PARENTS.

WoopsiA OREGANA IN Iowa 63

Woodsia Oregana in Iowa
W. A. ANDERSON

In examining some fern material in the herbarium of
the State University of Iowa it has recently become evi-
dent to me that the Iowa specimens which for many
years have passed as Woodsia scopulina D. C. Eaton in
reality should be referred to W. oregana D. ©. Eaton.
This is clearly a case of misidentification, which has been
perpetuated for a number of years. The late Professor

himek had recognized the error, as is evidenced by some
of his notes accompanying unmounted specimens in the
herbarium, but he had neither corrected the mounted
Sheets nor published anything on the subject. Melhus?
reports this species correctly, but since his paper was
Prepared chiefly for use in secondary schools, he does not
attempt to explain corrections of this sort. Present rec-
ords indicate that Woodsia scopulina does not occur in
Towa,
All of the Iowa specimens of Woodsia oregana come
from a small outcrop of Sioux quartzite which occurs in
the extreme northwestern corner of the state. The only
Station known to the writer is in fact so near the border,
that had the northern boundary of Iowa been run half a
mile South of its present position, we could not claim
either the rock or the fern which grows on it. A speci-
men of W. oregana from Luverne, Minnesota, indicates
that it is elsewhere in the same region. It may not be
inappropriate to mention that we have in the herbarium
ee .

*Shimek, B., Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist, St. Univ. Iowa v. 159 (1901).
Pammel, L. H. and Charlotte King, Ia. Acad. Sei. Proc. ix. 149
- Greene, Wesley, Plants of Iowa p. 123 (1907). Cratty,

~ I, Iowa State College Jour. Sei. vii. 179 (1932).

* Melhus, I. E., Native Ferns of Iowa, Iowa St. Col. Extension
Cire. 295 (1936).

64 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

of the State University, more and finer specimens of
Woodsia oregana from this Iowa station than are to be
found at present at the station itself. All of these are
somewhat glandular, in this respect approaching W.
Cathcartiana Robinson.

Reports of eastern stations of this fern indicate that it
is usually found on limestone,’ and as a relict species in
unglaciated areas.* The highly silicious quartzite would
seem unsuitable as a substrate until one realizes that the
fern is actually growing in wind-blown prairie soil which
is lodged in the crevices of the rock.

As to glaciation, this quartzite outcrop shows abundant
and pronounced scratches. This section is generally cov-
ered with the Kansan drift,5 but is outside the limits of
the three later glaciers. It seems therefore that in Iowa
Woodsia oregana is not a pre-Pleistocene relict, but has
come in during the relatively long interval of time since
Kansan igen ie

Dr. E. T. Wherry, in his paper ‘‘Midland Fern Notes”’
(this JouRNAL 28: 29), states that ‘‘the Woodsia growing
in Gitchie Manitou State Park ... has been reported
both as W. scopulina and W. oregana; but a visit there
disclosed that it is neither, as it shows instead the dense
glandularity characteristic of W. cathcartiana.”’

This leads at once into a consideration of the status
of W. Cathcartiana. This species was first described by
B. L. Robinson® as a segregate from W. scopulina with
which it had previously been placed. Britton and
Brown’ treat it as a synonym of W. scopulina and Ryd-
~ 8 Fernald, M. L., Rhodora xx. 96 (1918). Fassett, N. C, Rho-
dora xxxv. 389 (1933).

4 Fernald, M. L., Rhodora xxxvii. 218 (1935).

5 Kay, G. F. a E. T. Apfel, Sp tocenties Pleistocene Geology

of Iowa, Ia. Geol. Survey XXXIV. (1929).
‘ 6 Robinson, B. L., Rhodora x. 30 (1908).
7 Britton and rows: Illustrated Flora i. 13 (1913).

Woopsta OREGANA IN Iowa 65

berg® as a synonym of W. mexicana. House,® Stebbins*®
and Fassett! all mention difficulties in identifying it.

The plant under discussion is not Woodsia scopulina,
as is set forth in Robinson’s original description. In the
Iowa herbarium we have two specimens of W. mexicana,
Palmer, No. 1436 (Texas), and Parry and Palmer, No.
1000 (Mexico). These are distinct enough from all de-
scriptions of Woodsia Cathcartiana. The differences
between W. Cathcartiana and W. oregana, its nearest
relative, may be tabulated as follows:

Woodsia Cathcartiana Woodsia oregana
Fronds lanceolate Fronds narrowly lance-oblong
Pinnae oblon, Pinnae triangular-oblong
Segments divided by wide Segments divided by narrow

sinuses. sinuses
Glandular Glabrous (or somewhat
glandular)

Now the average specimen of this complex from the
Sioux quartzite outcrop in Iowa has lance-oblong fronds,
triangular-oblong pinnae, wide sinuses and is more or
less glandular! One specimen has a broadly lanceolate.
frond, rather crowded triangular pinnae, rather narrow
Sinuses, and is almost glabrous. In cases like this one
doesn’t know which part of the plant to believe!

Another set of specimens in the Iowa herbarium may
throw some light on this problem. I have before me two
Sheets of ferns collected by T. H. Macbride in August,
1893, at Hot Springs, South Dakota. At first glance the
Specimens appear to be all alike, so much so that they
would pass as duplicates. They all have the lanceolate
Outline and narrow, distant pinnae of Woodsia Cath-
cartiana, yet when examined with a lens those on one

« Rydberg, P. A., Flora of the Prairies and Plains p. 7 (1932).

ty edn D., AM. FERN Jour. xxiii. 2 (1933).

+ “care: G. L., Rhodora xxxvii. 72 (1935).

, N. C., Rhodora xxxy. 389 (1933).

66 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

sheet have white, jointed hairs and membranous in-
dusium, while the other is merely glandular and has
filamentous indusial segments. These have been identi-
fied respectively as W. scopulina and W. oregana, which
in my opinion is correct. The only satisfactory way to
handle such a complex group of closely related forms is
to make divisions between species primarily on char-
acters of fruiting structures, and to remember that leaf
outline, texture and glandularity are apt to be variable
wherever found. For this reason it seems best to assign
these Iowa specimens to Woodsia oregana.
THE StaTE UNIvVeErRsItTy oF Iowa,
Iowa City, Iowa

Recent Fern Literature

The discovery in Europe of an occurrence of Dryopteris
fragrans has led to publication of an elaborate study of
this fern by Kalliola. He points out that in 1911 the
species was divided by Komarov? into two varieties, a
northern, v. lepidota and a more southern, v. remotiuscula;
the latter name therefore has priority over Hookeriana,
given by Fernald* to the corresponding American extreme.

Occurrences thus far known in Asia, North America,
and Greenland are summarized. They all lie so far north
or at such high altitudes as to lead to its classification as
an arctic-alpine species. Numerous statements as to the

habitat are quoted, all leading to the conclusion that

although not restricted to ealeareous rocks, it is on the
whole a lime-favoring (kalkholde) species.

1 Rtas fragrans (L.) Schott, ein fiir Europa neuer Farn-
Reino Kalliola, Ann. Bot. Soc. Zool.-Bot. en Vanamo, 9:
No. 4, 56 pp. “jos. German with Finnish summ

2In Fedde, Report. Spee. Nov. 9: 394. 1911, cane Nephrodium ;
Flora URSS., XXX, 1: 38, 1934, iadne Dryopteris.

3 Rhodora 25: 1. 1923.

Recent Fern LITERATURE 67

On July 24, 1935, this fern was found for the first time
in Europe, in the Kevo Canyon, Utsjoki Province, Fin-
land, lat. 69° 41’ north, long. 26° 59’ east. One might
Suppose that in so remote a place the fern would be safe
against molestation, yet an interesting sidelight on the
way modern civilized man behaves even in that country is
furnished by Fig. 2, which represents ‘‘The rock wall of
the Kevo Canyon, taken at a point similar to and not far
from the station of the Dryopteris fragrans. Repre-
Sentation of the actual spot is undesirable, from the stand-
point of nature-protection.’’ The rock is an amphibolite
containing enough lime to satisfy plants which require it,
but also supporting a good many acid soil species, as
Shown by lists of associated mosses and vascular plants
given. Several of these are likewise rare and disjunct
Species, the locality being thus a typical relict one.

From a consideration of the distributional relations,
Kalliola concludes that the ancestral home of Dryopteris
fragrans was in the mountains of eastern Asia. From
. there it spread into all north-polar lands before the
Glacial Period, and being able to withstand extreme cold,
it probably survived close to the margins of ice sheets,
Its present distribution is rather unusual, and is studied
in relation to climatic zones. It proves to occur chiefly
horth of the 30° isoamplitude line—that. is, the line con-
necting points showing this temperature range between
the warmest and coldest months. Locally it goes south
to the 25° line, or in Japan slightly below this. The
Finnish oceurrence is believed to have arisen from the
chance blowing of a spore from the Ural Mountains,
about 1300 km. away, in early post-glacial time.

Among “‘popular’’ fern books, Professor Clute’s prob-
ably hold the record for longevity. ‘‘Our Ferns in their
Haunts,” published in 1901, has been kept constantly in
print ever since. ‘‘Fern Allies,’’ dating from 1905, is

68 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

still current, after a recent reprinting. No doubt one
reason, at least, for their long life lies in the author’s skill
in putting scientific fact into a form palatable to the lay-
man. These books are not merely devices for naming
specimens; they can be read, and with enjoyment.

The span of existence of ‘‘Our Ferns’’ is now extended
by what, though its title is somewhat different, is in effect
a second edition. The new book is better printed than
the old, but in other respects follows it closely. It has the
same abundance of information, descriptive, historical,
ecological, medical and mythological, clearly and interest-
ingly set forth. It keeps Mr. Stilson’s landscapes, per-
haps a bit old-fashioned now, but still pleasant to look
upon, and his excellent illustrations of detail, given a new
clearness and contrast by the use of coated paper and
supplemented by some new ones by another hand, not
always so good. The illustrated key to genera, the check-
list of ferns of northeastern North America,’ the intro-
ductory matter on life history and diagnostic characters
—in short, all the features of the previous book have been |
retained. All have been extensively and thoroughly re-
written. We have an old friend, matured by the passing
years and better dressed.

The American Fern Society gets due mention in the
introduction, along with the Fern Bulletin and the Amert-
can Botanist; but the Fern JouRNAL seems to have been
overlooked.

More attention than before is paid to varieties and
forms. A goodly number receive at least incidental men-
tion, in a properly subordinate position. Unfortunately,

+ Clute, Willard Nelson. Our Ferns, their Haunts, Habits and
Folklore. Frederick A. Stokes Co., New York. 1938. xi, 388 pp-
numerous ill., 8 colored.

5 The new check-list adogts the unusual and at first confusing
system of placing synonyms before the accepted name.

REcENT Fern LITERATURE 69

the accompanying descriptions are not always either defi-
nite or accurate; in one case, that of Woodsia Cathcar-
tiana, the original diagnosis is exactly reversed. A real
effort has been made at once to keep the Latin nomencla-
ture conservative and to bring it into accord with the now
universally accepted rules. Considering Prof. Clute’s
past impatience with the niceties of nomenclatural prac-
tice, this effort has been surprisingly and commendably
Successful. It is necessary to warn the unwary against
only a very few falls from grace. Botrychium obliquum,
for instance, is made to include the two earlier names B.
dissectum and B. multifidum (the latter, however, prob-
ably by inadvertence), in direct contravention of the
rules. More serious, from a technical point of view, is the
casual manner in which numerous new combinations® are
tossed off in the text without any indication that they are
new and frequently without any reference to the names on
which they are founded. The effect of this nomenclatural
misdemeanor seems to have been foreseen by Prof. Clute
himself. He writes, in his section on nomenclature, ‘‘The
trouble comes when the taxonomist changes the plant from
one category to another, thus making new combinations to
vex the student.’’ He changes categories ; and the present
reviewer is vexed!

For all that, we like the book; we wish it a long and
Successful career—C. A. WEATHERBY.

The pages of the AMERICAN FERN JourNAL do not often
Present reviews of best selling fiction, and this note will
hardly constitute an adequate review. However, in
Vaughn Wilkins’ ‘‘ And so Victoria,’’ (Macmillan, 1937)
the following passage occurs:

“Across the stream a young oak tree bowed five dull

®T have counted 32 so far; each time I look in the book I find one
or two more.

70 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

silver shafts over the current. Brown leaves lingered on
it, and tiny bright ivy climbed it.

**Its neighbor was undermined by water, and had be-
come the prey of life more vigorous than its own. There
was a vivid moss about its base; ivy climbed upward to
the hole from which sprouted the ribbons of hart’s tongue ©
fern—upward to the boughs and twigs clothed in the
sad green of lichen.’’

The description is not exactly clear to this reviewer, -
but perhaps that is due to his ignorance of the English »
seene. But certainly the suggestion of parasitism by
‘*vivid moss’’ is a biological nullity. However, the hart’s
tongue fern is sometimes described as almost ubiquitous
in the moist English climate, and perhaps a hollow in a
partly rotted stump may be as appropriate there as it is
occasionally here for Dryopteris marginalis.

As an unrelated addendum it may be recorded that a
plant of hart’s tongue raised from spores which were
probably of English origin has survived the past two
winters in a Brooklyn backyard garden. It may also be
added that a later generation of sporeling plants from the
same source are available at the Brooklyn Botanic Gar-
den, and may be obtained, as previously, for the cost of
packing and shipping, estimated at about 25 cents a
plant. —R. C. B.

Alston, A. H. G. The Selaginellae of the Malay Islands.
Il. Sumatra. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buit-
enzorg. Ser. III. 14: Juin, 1937.

Selaginellaceae. Mitt. Inst itut Allg. Botanik, Hamburg
7: Pt. 4. 2987.

In these two papers, Dr. Alston continues his reports
regarding the genus Selaginella. Twenty-five species are
recorded from Sumatra as compared with twenty-two for
Java, and forty-three for the Philippine Islands. In all,
twenty-nine species are discussed in this paper, 4 few

SHorter Notes 71

being included from other Malay islands outside of
Sumatra. Six of the species are noted as known only
from Sumatra; the others are mostly wide-ranging in
the Malayan region generally.

The second paper reports on a collection made in Borneo
by H. Winkler. In this preliminary report, fourteen
Species are listed.

Pteridophyta of St. Kitts. Jour. Bot. Sept. 1937.

Coming much nearer is this report on the ecological
conditions of the West Indian island of St. Kitts with
Special reference to the ferns. Ninety-eight different
Species are listed, with one new species-name, due to the
recognition of a distinction between an American Dry-
opteris and an Old World species with which it has
usually been associated. Dr. Alston’s moderation in
recognizing new species is again attested in all three
Papers; not one new species is described. For the St.
Kitts paper, most of the identifications were made by Dr.
W. R. Maxon.

Shorter Notes

Harpy Ferns at THe INTERNATIONAL FLOWER SHOW.—
In the most favored localities of the northeastern states
It 1s possible in a day’s ramble to find as many as forty
different species of ferns, but rarely more than this num-
ber. Twenty-five or thirty species is a good count in the
less favored districts.
_ The visitors to the recent International Flower Show
in New York City were able to see nearly twice the aver-
age number. Mr. and Mrs. Edward D. Thurston of
Sharon, Connecticut, were responsible for getting together
md forcing into good natural growth a list of sixty-one
different fern species. It is remarkable not only to see so
large a number, but also more remarkable that they were

iz AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

able to bring so many species into such a good state of
development.

In connection with the exhibit, the Millbrook Garden
Club had printed a list of the ferns exhibited with the
following concluding paragraph:

** All the native ferns in this collection from the largest
to the smallest may be grown from spores by simple meth-
ods which are possible for everyone to follow. An un-
limited number of these lovely species may then be estab-
lished in suitable places on the rocks or in the woods and
open spaces of your private grounds or in the protected
areas of our State Parks. Let us urge you, then, in the
interest of conservation as well as for your own pleasure
to grow ferns.’’

Later we hope to have some account written by Mr. and
Mrs. Thurston of the methods used to bring these native
species into good development. We hope also that their
suggestion that many undertake the raising of ferns from
spores may be widely followed.—R. C. BENEDICT.

SupPosED OCCURRENCE oF EQUISETUM TELMATEIA TN
Micuigan.—In his ‘‘ Ferns and Fern Allies of the Kewee-
naw Peninsula, Michigan’? (AMER, Fern Journ. 27: 11-
20. 1937), O. A. Farwell again includes Equisetum
telmateia Ehrh. as a member of the Michigan flora. 1
have never seen a specimen from east of the Sierra Nevada |
of the Pacific states in any herbarium, although I have —
studied the material in most of the large herbaria and
many smaller ones in the United States and also made @
complete study of the Equiseta in some of the largest
herbaria in Europe. Since the Keweenaw peninsula *
about 1,500 miles east of the known distribution of oe
species in America, it would present a very interestiDe
geographical problem if the plant is really there. Mr. :
Farwell should study the station again or indicate 1 :

VOLUME 28, PLATE 8

*

$ * : , *
(Photograph by Studios of Hd. Herbert, Ine., New York)
HARDY FERNS AT THE INTERNATIONAL FLOWER SHOW.

74 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

exact location that others might visit it. I was in the
Keweenaw peninsula the past summer but saw nothing
of such a plant. In the absence of definite data it would
be best, until the matter is definitely cleared up, to
assume that an accidental interchange of original, tem-
porary labels might have been made—Joun H. ScHAFF-
NER, The Ohio State Umversity.

DrYOPTERIS GOLDIANA X MARGINALIS.—I wish to report
the occurrence of the hybrid fern Dryopteris Goldiana
x Dryopteris marginalis in Indiana and Pennsylvania.
Tn Indiana the plant was collected by the author on a rich,
damp, rocky bluff of White River just north of the Martin
County State Forest, Martin County, August 20, 1935, no.
2,015 and July 4, 1937, no. 3,219. The specimen from
Pennsylvania, in the Herbarium of the University of Wis-
consin, was collected by John Bright ‘‘in deciduous woods
on a mountain slope, Ohiopyle, Fayette County, Septem-
ber 6, 1931, no. 5,914.’’

The general aspect of the plant is different from either
of the parents. The sori are borne midway between the
midvein and the margin; the sori of Dryopteris marginalis
are borne on the margin and those of Dryopteris Goldiana
are near the midvein. The pinnules are crenulate, pil-
natifid or deeply pinnatifid, usually more deeply cut than
in typical Dryopteris Goldiana, never as deeply cut as in
Dryopteris marginalis. The basal pinnae are usually
wider at the middle than at the base as in Dryopteris
Goldiana but they may be wider or almost as wide at the
base as in Dryopteris marginalis. The scales on the lower
part of the stipe are dark brown with a light brow?
margin, typical of Dryopteris Goldiana—R. M. —_
JR., Chicago, Illinois.

~]
i |

AMERICAN FERN Society

American Fern Society
Report of the President for 1937

This year has been one of continued progress. We are
now wholly out of debt, and thanks to gifts from a mem-
ber who prefers to remain anonymous we have been able
to order offset-process reprints of several early numbers
of the Journau of which our stock was exhausted, so that
we shall now be able to fill a considerable number of orders
for complete sets. However, in view of our modest sur-
plus income, it has been deemed wise to postpone the
printing of the 25-year index for another year.

The Journau has been kept down to a total of 144 pages
for volume 27, but in view of the fact that a rather con-
siderable amount of manuscript is awaiting publication,
its size will be definitely increased next year, to about
160 pages. Discussions of the ferns of two states not
heretofore represented in regional fern lists—New Hamp-
shire and Colorado—are soon to appear. Similar treat-
ments covering other states will be welcome, as will also
brief non-technical articles from any and all of our
members.

As has been the case for several years past, the number
of members lost by death or resignation has been exceeded
by that of new members, so that the Society is slowly in-
creasing in size; yet the fact that the sales of two recent
‘Popular’? but rather inaccurate books on eastern native
Species have mounted into the thousands shows that there
must be many people interested in ferns who have not
Joined us, Feeling that this might be due to the existence
of this Society not being widely enough known, an experi-
ment has been tried. A pocket-size Guide to Eastern
Ferns has been compiled and published, in an edition of
2000 copies, and is being sold at cost. In it half a page
18 devoted to a statement of the work of the American
Fern Society, and everyone interested in ferns is invited

76

to join.

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Data as to what percentage of the users of this

book apply for membership will be awaited with interest.
Respectfully submitted,
Epa

aR T. WuHerry, President.

Report of the Treasurer for 1937

Receipts
Sub-
Amount Totals Total

Cash on hand January 1, 1937 oe eecoonn $ 317.51
Postage Stamps 10.17

1936 Membership Arrears oc. $ 21.45

1936 Subscription Arrears occ 1.25 $ 22.70

1937 Membership Renewals .............000 395.95

1937 New Members (21) nn nccsccccssscsnn 31.50 427.45

1937 Subscription Renewals 00.0.0... 74.29

1937 New Subseribers 20.29 94.58

1938 Membership Renewals ............cc 16.00

1938 New Members 7.50 23.50

1938 Subseription ees Sea ey 30.36

1938 New Subseri S11 - BR.at
Sale of back numbers ‘e bgt Sealine AOS 49.02 49.02
Sale of Hart’s Tomgrre Pern ic.ccccscencscccceneen a3 1.00

ifts 221.67 221.67
Reprints—Accounts Receivable «0.0.0.0... 4.17 4,17
Mrs. Eva M. Bissell Bequest 2.000000 500.00 500.00 1,377.56

Ba alma

——~ $1,705.24

Disbursements

Science Press

A. F. J., Vol. 26, No. 4 126.93

A. F. J.; Vol. 27, No. J 116.53

A. F. J., Vol. 27, No. 2 104,17

A.F. J., Vol. 27, No. 3 106.70 454.33

Reprints 25 25.41
Kirby Lithograph Co.

Reprints Vol. 1 and Vol. 3 .... . 184.85 184.85
Notes Payable “ payment) . chan. 200.00 . 200.00

AMERICAN Fern Society 77

Purchase of back numbers A. F. J.

Brooklyn Botanic Garden occ 3.00

Mr. G. Schmidt 27.46 30.46
Trade Discount . 2.84 2.84
Agency Commission 8.05 8.05
Bank Charges 52 52

Transfer—Mrs. Bissell Bequest from

feet teen 0.00 500.00
Expenses—President 4.50 4.50
Treasurer o342 °° 23.12

Secretary 21.00 21.00 1,455.08

Cash on hand December 31, 1937 $ 250.16

During the past year the resources of the Fern Society
have been increased by a bequest of $500.00 from the
estate of Mrs. Eva M. Bissell, for the use of the herbarium.
The money received from this bequest has been deposited
in the Greenpoint Savings Bank in Brooklyn, provision
having been made that no funds shall be drawn from the
account except with the signature of both the president
and the treasurer of the Society. The Society has re-
ceived $221.64 in contributions during the past year. Of
this amount $8.14 was given by two members for cost of
illustrations; $13.50 was a gift (in two instalments) by
& member who wishes to remain anonymous; a sum of
$200.00 was given by another member (anonymous), who
Previously made a loan of $500.00 to the society, tiding it
ver during the dark days of 1934, when the present

easurer assumed office. The thanks of the Fern Society
are especially due to this member, who did much to make
Sur continuation possible. We are now entirely free
from any debt.

The treasurer makes an apology for the poor condition
of the wrapper enclosing Mr. Weatherby’s ‘‘ Varieties and
Forms of the Ferns of Eastern North America,’’ sent out

nese to the members of the Society. The extent to which the

78 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

paper of these old envelopes had deteriorated was not
realized at the time of mailing. These reprints (includ-
ing cost of mailing) represent a donation from one of our
members.
Respectfully submitted,
NRY K. SvENSON, Treasurer.

Report of the Auditors

On March 12, 1938, Miss Hester M. Rusk and I exam-
ined the books of the American Fern Society and checked
the treasurer’s financial statement for December 31, 1937.
We found the accounts complete and the financial state-
ment accurate—THomMas S. ConsTANTINE, Chairman,
Auditing Committee.

Report of the Curator

During the past two years specimens contributed by
the members listed have been mounted and incorporated
in the Society’s Herbarium, as follows:

C. L. Gruber, — sere: 4760-4814
M. A. Marshall, 4815-5057
C. A. Weatherby, af ‘* 5058-5087
Mrs. Chas. Y. Tanger, ‘‘ cy 5088-5109
U.S. Nat’l1 Museum, ‘‘ ‘8 5110-5283
Philip Dowell, a Ae 5284-5396
Fred W. Gray, + sh 5397-5428
Ira Wiggins (?), - ‘ “5429-5473
F. J. Seully, - “ 5474-5487
H. E. Ransier, ide * 5488-5524
Philip Dowell, ys de 5525-5615

Our Herbarium thus now includes 5615 mounted sheets.
Unmounted material still on hand will add about 100
sheets more. A ream of mounting paper donated to the
herbarium by Dr. Wherry has been largely used up.

AMERICAN FERN Society 79

As stated in a former report several sheets of Equiseta-
ceae and Lycopodiaceae were damaged by water dripping
from a leaky pipe. Duplicate specimens of any species
in these two genera are needed to replace those damaged.
Hither mounted or unmounted specimens will be gladly
received from any member who has them to spare.

For several years past, occasional requests for the loan
of specimens have gone unanswered because unaccom-
panied by postage. Postage bills on correspondence, etc.,
amounting to several dollars each year were gladly car-
ried by the Curator as his donation to the Society, until
the late depression and the present recession cut his in-
come to such an extent that he was compelled to ‘‘cease
and desist’’ from this practice. If members who want
to use material for comparison and study will include
postage with their initial request, specimens will be sent
with a reasonable degree of promptness.—L. S. Hopkins,

urator.

Nore Concrrnine Loans or SPECIMENS TO MEMBERS.
—During the period when our former Treasurer failed
in carrying out his obligations to the Society, loans and
donations from individual members enabled us to carry
on. For several years Curator Hopkins has generously
donated not only his services, but also the cost of extensive
Correspondence in connection with loans of specimens to
members. Now that the Society has recovered financially,
however, an allotment is being made in our budget to
Cover all such expenses. Members who are making a

dy of any group of ferns, and wish to borrow such
Specimens of that group as we may have in our herbarium,
are cordially invited to do so. We merely request that
Postage be paid both ways, that the specimens be kept in
4 safe place, so that they do not become damaged, and that
they be returned within a reasonable time——Epear T.

Wurrry, President.

80 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

We regret to announce the death on January 20th of
Dr. John K. Small of the New York Botanical Garden, at
the age of 68. Although he never became affiliated with
the American Fern Society, he wrote a number of articles
and books on ferns, including Ferns of Florida (1931),
and Ferns of the vicinity of New York (1935). During
his last illness, when his heart was so weak that he was
confined to bed, he kept at work on two additional fern
books, correcting the final proofs of Ferns of the South-
eastern States, which will be published soon, and finishing
the manuscript of a companion volume to cover the ferns
of the south-central United States.

New members:

Bostock, Mrs. H. S., 15 West Main St., Madison, Wisconsin.
Darling, Thomas, 328 North 16th St., Allentown, Pa.

Demaree, Dr. en, A. & M, Coll ts Monticello, Arkanen®

Earle, Dr. T. T., University of Minn , Minneapolis tis, Minn.
Flowers, pitt University of Utah, 4 fake City, Utah.
Ford, Oren T., 2516 Sixth Ave., Sacramento, C:

Gibson, Kise 8., 417 Cuiabertknd Ave. Ch Chase, Md.
pee tate peels S., 325 Ocean Ave., Bro oklyn, N. ¥

nes , Miss Teale, 861 Aesounda Ave., Charleston West

i
pbc, Esly, 14 Washington Road, Scotia, N. ¥
Stoddard, Mrs, Ralph, 156-26 Oak Ave., Flushing, Long Island,
N. Y.

Changes of address:

Gruber, C. L., 31 East Main St., Fleetwood, Pa.
Kn -_ Irving W., Mojsrichis, via San Juan, Chihuahua,

Mexi
Piney Mrs. F. G., 69 Arsdale Terrace, East Orange, N. J-
Trudell, H. W., 303 Highland Ave., Abington, Pa.

Yang, Mrs. M. 8., Ingtai, Foochow, China.

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No. 3 =

Vol. 28 July-September, 1938

American Sern Journal

A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO FERNS
al Published by the

AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY

a
EDITORS
C. A. WEA’
R. C. BENEDICT W. R. MAXON
a
ae CONTENTS
Forking 1 in Ferns R. M. Tryon, Jz. 81

County Check-List of Florida Ferns fondled .
D. 8. Correa 91
lees and Fern Allies of Kentucky comin
& 3 rate — oh

es Fern . 7 ee ee

Che American Hern Society

Council for 1938
OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR
Epear T. WHERRY, University of Pennsylvania, Pines Pa.

ArtTuur N. LEEpDs, Philadelphia, Pa. . Vice-Pr Praisent
Mrs. Este GIBsoN WHITNEY, New York State Museum, Albany,
Ne y- Secretary

Heney K. Svenson, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Serio om * — Mee =

OFFICIAL ORGAN

American Fern Journal
EDITORS
C. A. WEATHERBY ...... 27 Raymond St., Cambridge, Mass.
R. C. BENzDICT .................. 1819 Dorchester Road , Brooklyn, a

W. BR. Maxon .................. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.

An illustrated quarterly devoted to the — study of ferns.

Subscription, $1.25 per year, foreign, 10 cents extra; sent free
to members of the AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY (annual dues,
$1.50; fe membership, $25.00). Extracted reprints, if ordered in
y furnished authors at cost. They shoald be ordered

whan phat teats

Volume I, six —-* $2.00; other volumes $1.25 each. Single
pack numbers 35 cents each. Vol. I, No. 1; vol. III, nos. 2, 3 and
4; and vol, TV, no. 1, eanaat bs supplied except complete
volumes. Ten per cent. discount to members and institutions on
orders of six volumes or mo more.

Matter for publication should be addressed to C. 4. WEATHERBY,
i ta een SN

Orders for back — and other business communications
should be addressed to the Treasurer of the Society.

LIBRARIAN

on a ee =

CURATOR -. THE HERBARIUM

Ameriran Fern Journal

Vou. 28 JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1938 No. 3

The Phenomenon of Forking in Ferns
R. M. Tryon, Jr.

For several years I have been interested in forked ferns
and have collected over three hundred specimens, repre-
senting twenty-eight species. Most of these have been
collected in Indiana. In this article I will give a simple
explanation of forking: its cause, production and result.
1am indebted to Mr. C. A. Weatherby and Mr. R. C. Bene-
dict for their help in the preparation of this paper.

Although the cause of forking is primarily a problem
for the eytologist and geneticist, certain facts may be
garnered from gross observation that throw some light on
the problem.

Sometimes a plant will bear forked fronds year after
year with the type of forking essentially the same in suc-
cessive years. An example of this is Pellaea atropurpurea
var. cristata Trelease. This variety growing at Eureka,

t. Louis county, Missouri, has produced the same kind of
forked fronds for years. Another example is a plant of
Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Sehott which I
found in La Porte county, Indiana (Fig. 1). This is an
xtreme form with all of the pinnae forked and the tip
of the frond forked many times. The fronds of 1936
show exactly the same kind of forking as those of 1935.
Dr. E. G. Logue has germinated spores from a forked
plant of Dryopteris Goldiana (Hooker) Gray and grown
the young plants. He says that the young plants show
: [Volume 28, No. 2 of the JouRNAL, pages 41-80, plates 5-8, was
issued June 18, 1938.] ,

81

82 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

the same type of forking as the parent. In these cases
the cause of forking was undoubtedly genetic but it re-
mains for the cytologist to determine its exact nature.
Perhaps, as Bower suggests, hybridization was the cause:
“‘A erested state may be, like apospory and apogamy, in
some way the expression of an incompatibility of chromo-
some-number in synaptic pairing, consequent on the
promiscuous hybridization which is always possible in
Ferns.’’!

The largest proportion of forking is of the ephemeral
type, present one year and absent the next. Most of the
plants will bear only one or two forked segments. This
type of forking does not seem to be related to funda-
mental genetic changes. Rarely somatic genetic changes
may result in a forked frond but they are rare and cannot
be considered as the cause of the bulk of ephemeral fork-
ing. The only explanation is environmental change. Of
course, if environmental change is to produce forking, the
genetic background must be favorable. Perhaps only
certain rare gene-complexes can be influenced by environ-
mental change so as to produce forking. Along a roadside
where the trees had been eut for a right-of-way I found
several plants of Dryopteris cristata (L.) Gray with
forked fronds. In such a case environmental change is
obvious but in most cases of forking the plant occurs in an
undisturbed habitat. Even if an environmental change
can be observed, there is nothing to indicate that one cer-
tain factor, such as an excess of sunlight, caused the fork-
ing. The cause of forking in these cases is entirely
speculative.

Forking may be progressive evolution or retrogressive
evolution, that is, reversion. In his studies of varieties of
Nephrolepis exaltata, Benedict cites var. Baeri as an eX
ample of progressive evolution. He says: “‘From splen-

¢ 1F. 0. Bower, The Ferns, Vol. I, p. 333.

FORKING IN FERNS 83

dida there has come a new bud sport apparently progres-
Sive in cresting to a further degree, the variety Baeri.

2 Baeri is a distinct and stable form. Speaking of
Baeri and other crested forms he says: ‘‘Is it not probable
that such cresting is caused by some similar cytological
modification in each case; that cresting is a unit char-
acter?’’* In our native ferns crested forms that are
stable may be examples of progressive evolution.

However, I believe that ephemeral forking in our native
ferns is not progressive evolution but rather reversion.
There are three lines of evidence that lead to this con-
clusion : phylogeny and recapitulation, stability of the
forking and the relation of the place of forking to the
Stability of the frond.

A study of phylogeny and recapitulation shows that the
Primitive type of leaf-construction was based on equal
dichotomy (Fig. 2). The leaf-construction of our native
ferns is based on sympodial dichotomy which evolved
from equal dichotomy. Therefore, when a fern that de-
Velops in this manner exhibits equal dichotomy of the
frond or any segment, it is held that it has reverted to the

primitive type.

' Ephemeral forking cannot be related to progressive
evolution which would necessarily produce stable forking.

In my specimens I find the following relationship be-
tween the forked segments and the position of the fork on
the segment: of 808 forked segments, 678 are forked at
the tip, 109 in the middle and 21 at the base. Of the 678
segments forked at the tip 600 are pinnae and 78 are
fronds. Of the 109 segments forked in the middle, 91
-@fe pinnae and 18 are fronds. Of the 21 segments forked
at the base 16 are pinnae and 5 are fronds. The seg-

(192
3 Ibid.

* Benedict, New Bud Sports in Nephrolepis, Genetics, 8: 87
8).

84 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

ments are forked most frequently at the tip and pinnae
are forked much more often than fronds. In the typical
frond there is a gradation of stability from the bases of
the frond, pinnae and other segments to their tips, with
the smallest veins often showing equal dichotomy. It is
logical to assume that reversion would take place most
frequently in the least stable parts of the frond and least
frequently in the most stable parts of the frond. The
coincidence of the data with the stability of the frond
indicates that ephemeral forking is a type of reversion.

Usually a forked frond shows complete reversion, that is
it has reverted to equal dichotomy and both shanks of the
fork will be approximately the same size (Figs. 3 and 4).
Occasionally, one will find a forked frond that is not
dichotomously forked, that is, one shank of the fork will
be much larger than the other (Figs. 5 and 6). In this
case the reversion is incomplete, the smaller shank not
being developed enough to result in equal dichotomy.
Sometimes a frond may revert to the primitive type many
times and in this case a multiple forked frond results
(Fig. 1).

Forking takes on many forms and is exceedingly vari-
able. As a rule only a few of the fronds on a plant are -
forked, sometimes only one is forked and rarely all of them
are forked. A single frond may bear a single forked pin-
nule or all of the pinnae may be forked. Often all of the
forked fronds on a plant will be forked in the same place
but sometimes one will be forked at the tip of the frond
and the others will be forked on the pinnae. A pinnula,
pinnule, pinna or frond may be forked and any or all of
these may occur on the same frond. A segment may be
forked once or many times. In my specimens of multiple
forks I find that pinnae are not forked as many times as
frond-tips. The most I find a pinna forked is four times
while some frond-tips are forked up to twenty times.

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VOLUME 28, PLATE 9

FORKING IN FERNS

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VOLUME 28, PLATE 10

Pig. 7

Fig. 11

ig. Loe

Fig. 16

Pig. 15

Pig. 13

ForKING IN FERNS

FORKING IN FERNS 87

In my specimens of forked pinnae I find eight different
types of simple forks: 1) a Y-shaped fork with the shanks
Straight and far apart (Fig. 7), 2) a Y-shaped fork with
the shanks straight and close together (Fig. 9), 3) a Y-
Shaped fork with the shanks curving outward (Fig. 8), 4)
a Y-shaped fork with the shanks curving inward (Fig.
10), 5) a Y-shaped fork with the shanks curving inward
and crossing each other (Fig. 11), 6) a fork with the
shanks widely spreading (Figs. 12a, 12b), 7) a fork with
one shank parallel to the main axis and the other shank
forming an acute angle with the main axis (Fig. 13) and
8) a fork with one shank parallel to the main axis and the
other shank forming an obtuse angle with the main axis
(Fig. 14). Of course, there are intergradations between
these types. All of these types have been described from
cases of complete reversion, if the reversion is incomplete
one shank will be shorter than the other. The fork may
be at any place on a pinna, at the base so that it appears as
if there were two pinnae (Fig. 15) or at the very tip so
that the tip is merely blunt and not apparently forked
(Fig. 16).

Forked fronds and pinnules do not show as much varia-
tion, they are usually of the straight Y type (Fig. 7).

I find seven types of multiple forks: 1) a straight Y
type with the segments remote from each other (Fig. 17),
2) the same type of fork as 1 with the segments more or
less crowded (Fig. 18), 3) a fork with the segments
crowded at the tip and crisped because of a superfluous
amount of tissue (Fig. 19), 4) a fork with the segments
curved (Fig. 20), 5) a double fork in which one shank of
the second fork is parallel with the main axis and seems to
be an extension of it (Fig. 22) and 6) the same type of
fork as 5 with the parallel shank of the second fork forked
again (Fig. 23). All of these are cases of complete
reversion or a single incomplete reversion with many com-
Plete reversions.

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

VoLUME 28, PLate 11

RBPFT

Fig. 27a Wig- 27> Pia. 2fe Pie. 274

fia. 29 Fig. 30 Pig. 22

Wig. 2fe Fig. 27F Pig. @7— Pie. 27 Pig, 271

Fiz 26

FORKING IN FERNS

-ForKING IN FERNS 89

Sometimes one will find a case of multiple incomplete
reversion. The most common eases of this type of forking
are Osmunda cinnamomea f. auriculata (Hopkins)
Kittredge and a form that may be referred to Osmunda
cinnamomea f. incisa (Huntington) Gilbert. In the later
form the pinnules are not strictly incised but rather are
lobed, the lobes extending out from the pinnule and in-
creasing its size. I have also found this type of forking
in Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott (Fig. 25)
and Dryopteris noveboracensis (Li.) Gray (Fig. 26) where
it gives rise to ‘‘incisa’’ and ‘‘auriculata’’ forms.

These forms may be related to multiple incomplete
reversion as follows: A sequence may be traced in
Osmunda cinnamomea L. from a dichotomously forked
pinnule showing complete reversion (Fig. 27a) to an un-
equally forked pinnule showing incomplete reversion
(Fig. 27d). The incomplete reversion may be at the
base of the pinnule and from this type of fork a regular
sequence may be built up to a large ‘‘incised’’ pinnule
(Fig. 28). Such pinnules at the bases of the pinnae of a
frond constitute Osmunda cinnamomea f. auriculata
(Hopkins) Kittredge, if smaller pinnules (Fig. 27i) are
Scattered along the pinnae of a frond the form would be
referable to Osmunda cinnamomea f. incisa (Huntington)

Gilbert. A similar sequence may be traced in Poly-
stichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott (Figs. 21-25).
Thus forking becomes the basis of a new type of leaf con-
struction.

In Osmunda cinnamomea L. the incomplete reversions
are usually at the base of the pinnule but they may be
irregularly seattered above (Fig. 29). Sometimes a pin-
nule will show incomplete reversion below and complete
reversion at the tip aes a or a pinnula may show
complete reversion (Fig. 3

Curcaco, Inu.

90 AMERICAN Férn JouRNAL

EXPLANATION OF PLATES

Fig. 1—Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott, Fig.
Osmunda cinnamomea igs. 3, 4—Dryopteris spinulosa anaes
Kuntze, Fig. = Seyeniarle Thelypteris var. pubescens ne:
Prince ex Weatherby, Fig. 6—Dryopteris Boottii (Tuckerman)

ig. 7—Onoclea sensibilis L., Fig. $—~Pol eae

Mi .
Thelypteris var. pubescens (Lawson) Prince ex Weatherby, Fig.
12b—Dennstaedtia ee a Moore, Fig. 13—Dryopteris Boottit
an) Underw

(Tuckerm erwood, Fig. 14—Dryopteris Thelypteris var. |
pubescens "ees Prince ex Weatherby, Fig. 15—Osmunda cin-
namom oe smunda regalis var. spectabilis (Willd.)

pgce dey »
Gray, Figs. 17-25—Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott,
Fig. 26—Dryopteris noveboracensis (L.) Gray, Figs. 27-31—
Osmunda cinnamomea L.

CHECK-List oF FiLormA FERNS 91

A County Check-List of Florida Ferns and
ern Allies

Donovan S. CorRELL
(Continued from page 54)

14, Lirosrocuis Presl. Giant-bracken
1, LiToBRocHIA TRIPARTITA (Sw.) Presl. Hammocks, swamps,
and in dense thickets. Although not discovered in Florida until

swamps of the southern peninsula. Counties: Broward: Correll
6125 (D); Collier: McFarlin (H); Dade: Merah (P); High-
lands: Buswell (NY); Manatee: Maxon 10826 (N); Okeechobee:
Buswell (M) ; Palm Beach: Small, Mosier, and Matthaus (NY).

15. LorinseriA Presl. Chain-fern
1, LORINSERIA AREOLATA (L.) Presl. Swamps, marshes, and w
woods along streams. This chain-fern is widely dis Ciaed b in
northern Florida. It is found sparingly south of the lake region,
probably “aed its southern limit in Highlands, Lee, Osceola,
and Polk e

16. Meniscium Schreb.
1. MeNIsctum ReTicuLaTUM (L.) Schk. Everglade hammocks
and swamps. Counties: Dade: Eaton 779 (G).
2. MENISCIUM SERRATUM Cav. In pond-apple hammocks. Col-
lection: ‘‘South shore of Lake Okeechobee’?: Harshberger (NY).
Hendry or Palm Beach county.

17. NepHRo.eris Schott. Sword-ferns
- NEPHROLEPIS BISERRATA (Sw.) Sch In hammocks, often on
trees. Counties: Broward: Moldenke “88 (D) ; Collier: Small, E.
and R. St. John (NY); Dade: Correll 5987 (D) ; Highlands: Cor-
rell 6272 (D),

2. NEPHROLEPIS CORDIFOLIA (L.) Presl. On floors of low ham-
ae Sometimes epiphytic. Counties: Manatee: Mazon 10824
3. NEPHROLEPIS a (L.) Schott. In hammocks, on trees
or limestone rocks. Counties: Brevard: MacElwee (P); Broward:
Leeds 343 (P); Collier: ie alee (D); Dade: Correll 5987A
(D); Highlands: McFarlin 9424 (H); Hillsborough: Curtiss 3764
(P); Lake: Nash 1288 os Lee: Correll 5919 (D); Manatee:

92 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

pat (F600) ; Marion: Correll 5778 (D) ; Sep Rapp (P);
Ose : Singeltary 29 (D); Palm HS Deam 7 (P); Pasco:
inere? 1383 one Pinellas: Williamson (P) ; nar Wherry (P);
Sarasota: Smith (P) ; Seminole: Lambert 18 (P); St. Lucie: Leeds
44 (P).

. ONocLEA L. Sensitive-ferns
1. ONOCLEA SENSIBILIS L. Low, moist woods, swamps, or in
flood-plain regions. Counti ties: Leon: Berg (NY).

19. PaLTontum Presl. Ribbon-ferns
1, PALTONIUM LANCEOLATUM (L.) Presl. In hammocks on tree-
trunks. Counties: Dade: Curtiss (NY).

20. PELLAEA Link. Cliff-brakes
1. PELLAEA ATROPURPUREA (L.) Link. On rocky limestone ledges,
exposed situations. Counties: Walton: Biltmore Herbarium 755a
(N); Washington: Wherry (P

21, PHLEBopIUM R. Br. Serpent-ferns
1, PHLEBODIUM AUREUM (L.) R. Br. Mostly on palmettos on
edges - Longs or in pinelands. Counties: Brevard: Smith
(BP): ward: Correll 6135 (D); Collier: Sens (M); Dade:
Small — ee 6589 @) Duval: Rizer (N); Glades: Lovett 235
(D); Hernando: Jones 6 (N); Highlands: cae 9336 (H);
Hillsb ie: Correll 5807 (D); Lake: Nash 1500 (NY); Lee:
paar: 5900 (D);
5382 (NY); Osceola: Singeltary 25 (D); Palm Beach: Underwood
2217 (NY); Pasco: O’Neill (C) ; Polk: ate 3497 (H); Saint
Johns: Reynolds (NY); Sarasota: Scott (D); Seminole: William-
son (P); Sumter: Lewton (NY); Volusia: Fuller (

22. PuHyMatopes Presl. Vine-ferns

1, PHYMATODES HETEROPHYLLUM Sn Small. On smooth-barked
shrubs or trees in low hammocks. Counties: Collier: Gliick (D);
Dade: — 6021 (D); Monroe: Sonat 7474 (D); Palm Beach:
St. John

23. PiryroGRAMMA Link

1. PrryrogRAMMA CALOMELANOS (L.) Link. Low, swampy woods

along river. Counties: Polk: Small, Knight, Z. ah St. John (D).

24. Potypopium L. Polypodys

1. Ponypoprum pectinatum L. In hammocks, on rotting logs,
stumps, rocks, or in humus. Counties: Citrus: Correll 5798 (D);

CHECK-List of Fiorma FERNS 93

Collier: Haton 1133 (G); Dade: Eaton (G); Hernando: Small and
Matthaus 11617 (NY); megcvi Correll 6174 (D); eae
u. (N L

Curtiss 5861 (N) ; Monroe: Small, Mosier, and pepeltge 1901 @; ;
Orange: Harper 228 (NY); Pasco: thier <a (NY);
Smith 179 (G); Putnam: Correll 6405 inte t Johns:
nolds (NY) ; Seminole: Correll 6374 (D); su Besg ate Hoss
Volusia: cache 3661 (NY).

2. DIUM PHyMATODES L. In hammocks and swampy
woods on shee or at base of tree trunks. The writer observed a

in Manatee County, Florida. Mr. N. A. Reasoner, seg ne
me that he had collected the plant at Cape Sable in Coun

such an oneeenals section of the state. A specimen of the plant is
in the Duke Her

3. PoLypopium pLuMuLA H. B. K. In hammocks, on trunks and
branches of trees. Counties: Alachua: West (F675); Brevard:
Whitney (G); Citrus: Leeds 347 (P); Dade: ae Cuthbert,
Mosier, and DeWinkeler 9179 (D) ; Hernando: St. F10599) ;
Hillsborough: Correll 5868 (D ); Lake: Scott (D); tis : Smith
(N); Martin: Curtiss 5861 (G); Monroe: Adieu Collins, and

N); Or

4, PoLYPopIUM POLYPODIOIDES Sa Watt. In hammocks or
woods, on tree trunks and branches, or rotting stumps and logs.
The Resurrection-fern is perhaps the most common and widely dis-
tributed of all the ferns in Florida. It has been collected in 33
counties, representing every section of the state.

5. PoLysticHuM Roth. Christmas-ferns
sus eee ACROSTICHOIDES (Michx.) Schott. Rich, moist,
Tocky, siege slopes. Counties: Gadsden: Small (NY); Jackson:
= St. John (NY); Leon: Small, E. and R. St. John (NY); Lib-
ae and Kurz 5685 (D); Walton: Small and West
oP 708) Washington: Wherry (P).
26. Preripium Scop. Bracken-ferns

PTERIDIUM CcAUDATUM (L.) Maxon. In hammocks and open,
* Pinelands. This species seems to be confined to the southern

94 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

part of the peninsula. It has been collected as far north as the
lake region. In hammocks, it often assumes a vine-like habit and

2. PTERIDIUM LATIUSCULUM (Desv.) Hieron: var. PSEUDOCAU-
DaTuM (Clute) Maxon. Exposed, sandy soil, edge of hammocks
t

region where its range overlaps that of P. caudatum. Those plants
resembling the species are usually shade forms or juvenile speci-
mens of the variety.

27. Preris L. Brake-ferns

1. PTERIS BAHAMENSIS ry a vetsad pinetorum Small).
In pinelands, lime-sinks, o ely in hammocks. Counties: Brow-_
ard: Leeds 339 (P); Dade: " Ooevat ee (D); Monroe: Correll
6068 (D).

2. sD agit CRETICA L. ee cretica (L.) Small). On
rocks, in rocky soil in hammocks, or along river-bluffs. Counties:
Alachua: poet ie hase Cikvas: Correll 5820 (D); Columbia:
Correll 6462 (D); Hernando: St. John es Liberty: Correll
ad (D); Marion: Tnderaoa 1819

. Preris cretica L, var. ALBOLINEATA Hook. Hammocks.
ieee acai 7 St. John (NY).

3. PTERIS MULTIFIDA Poir. (Pyenodoria multifida (Poir.)
Small). Open limestone rocks, or on old stone walls. Counties:
Citrus: Small, EB. and R. St. John (NY); Saint Johns: Knight
(NY).

4, Preris virtata L, (Pycnodoria vittata (L.) Small). In
hammocks, or on old stone or brick walls. Judging from the col-
negreg made, this = World pila appears to be well-established

n the flora of Flori Counties: Alachua: Cody (NY); Broward:
Correll 6142 (D); nets ae E. and R. St. John (NY) ; Dade:
Correll 6084 (D); Monroe: Buswell (M).

28. SPHENOMERIS Maxon

1. SPHENOMERIS CLAVATA (L.) Maxon. In lime-sinks,
stone in pinelands, or rarely in hammocks. Counties: ade: Small
and Mosier 6612 (

29. STENOCHLAENA J. E. Smith. Holly-ferns

1. SrenocHLAENA KuNnzEaNA (Presl) Underw. Lime-sinks in

low hammocks. Counties: Dade: Correll 6088 (D).

CHECK-LIST oF FLORIDA FERNS 95

2, STENOCHLAENA TENUIFOLIA (Desv.) Moore. Hammocks.
atin: Hillsborough: Small, et al. (NY).

30, TErcTarIaA Cay. Halberd-ferns
1, TeEcTarIA Amesiana A. A, Eaton. Lime-sinks in low ham-
mocks. Counties: Dade: R. St. John (NY).
- TECTARIA CORIANDRIFOLIA (Sw.) Underw, Lime-sinks in low
hammocks. Counties: Dade: Eaton 563 (NY).
3. > Sa poapigesiars Sas illd.) os In lime-sinks and

on limeston n hammocks. Coun re, Correll 5816
ED); Dade: aoe 6034 Safi . ey aoe wy 1 (G).
4, TECTARIA MINIMA Und Lime-sink seseg tee graic eee
ocks in hammocks, or on the e of hammocks. Counties: Citrus:

aes 5610 (C); Dade: Curral 6090 (D); Monroe: Small
8129 (P),

31. Virraria J. E. ea _ Shoestring-ferns
1. VITTARIA LINEATA (L.) J. mith. Usually on the ee
of cabbage-palms (Sabal ay or palmettos, in hammocks or
pinelands. Counties: Brevard: mae olds (D); Broward: ana
6182 (D); Sie St. John (F834); Collier: Correll 5972 (D);
Dade: Correll 598 2 (D); Duval: Vail (NY); Hernando: ON eill
(C); Highlands: Correll 6176 (D); Hillsborough: Harris (N) ;
Indian River: Small 8846 (NY); Lake: Underwood 1627 ONY);
4

creeped 291. (P); Monroe: Small and Wilson 1759 ( ngs

ange: Blanton ee ; Oseeola: segpeiel 30 (D); Palm Beach:
Curties 5551 (G); Pinellas: Wil. NY); McFarlin 3505
( (D);

); Polk:
); Saint Johns: ae (Ny); Seminole: Glick 8406 (D
Volusia : Straub 45 (G).

ORDER 3, SALVINIALES
FaMivy 1, MarstuEacrar Pepperwort Family
1. Marsitea L. Water-clover
1, Marsiiea vestiTa Hook. & Grey. In ponds, ditches, or on
moist soil. Counties: Dade: Underwood 66 (P); Lake: Nash (P).

FaMIny 2. SatvINIACEAE Salvinia Family
1. AzottaA Lam. Water-ferns
1, AZOLLA CAROLINIANA Willd, Floating on seh ised iy pone
ponds, and on shores aoe gs eams. Counties: West
(F317) ; Citrus: Correll 5823 (D); Clay: Canby is: Columbia:
Huger (NY); Duval: ne 6349 (NY); Franklin: Chapman

96 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

1585b (NY); Glades: Leeds 366 (P) ; Hernando: on eill 761 oe ;
Indian River: Leeds 365 (P); ah Shae Bis ee e (NY) sh
Underwood 1498 (NY); Lee: Harsh PCN Y : pene pau:
(N); Orange: Rapp (P); Osceola: ee (D); Polk: Correll
6334 (D); Seminole: Garber (P); Sumter: Smith (N); ge
Torrey (NY).

2. SALVINIA Adans. Floating-moss
1. SALVINIA ROTUNDIFOLIA Willd. ee on still or stagnant
Ngee of ponds, streams, or lakes. Coun ade: Small, Mosier,
. and R. St. John (NY); Seminole: ee 6376 (D); Volusia:
. eeley (P).

ORDER 4. LYCOPODIALES
Famity 1. Psmorackar Psilotum Family
1. Psttotum R. Br.
1. PstLoruM NupuM (L.) Griseb. In hammocks and swamps,
C

orl places on base of tree trunks, or on rotting wood. Coun-
rs es: Alachua: Weber and West (F10623); Brevard: Fredholm
pee cia ward: Correll a (D); Charlotte: E

Fake be di Collier: Corr il 5957 (D > Dade: Small 7490 (NY);
Duval 1 (NY); Gulf: Chapman (NY); Highlands: Correll
and vies 6269 (D); Hillsborough: Small ne Matthaus 11622
(NY); Lake: Nash 1543 (NY); Lee: digress 30 (NY); basi -
tee: Underwood 2058a (NY); Monroe: y (RP); 0 we
Rapp (P); Palm Beach: Underwood 2235 shea Polk: we
6394 (H); Saint Johns: Reynolds (N); Sarasota: St. John
(F949); Seminole: Rapp (NY); Suwanee: Arnold and West
(F 1205) ; Volusia: Reynolds (N).

Famity 2. LyYcopopiacEaE Club-moss Family
1, Lycoropium L. Club-mosses

1. LYcopoDIUM ADPRESSUM (Chapm.) Lloyd and waste Moist,

open, boggy soil, low prairies and pinelands. Counties: Alachua:

Arnold (F 360): Broward: Small and Carter 1173 (NY); Duval:

— 3787 (NY); Franklin: Chapman (NY); Lake: Underwood

6 (NY); Lee: Standley 353 (N Yy; Manatee: Simpson (N);
te ange: Rapp (P); Osceola: Singeltary 9 (D); ue Beach:
Underwood 2227 (NY) ; Pasco: ° 7 1594 (C); Pinellas: Tracy
6628 (NY); Polk: McFarlin 4049 (H); Putnam: para 6419

Polk
(D) ; Seminole: Rapp (F853) ; ete, Tracy 8640 (
2, LycopoDIUM ALOPECUROIDES L. Moist, open, Sues soil, and

CHECK-List oF FLormDA FERNS 97

low pinelands and prairies. Counties: Alachua: O’Neill (C);
ker: ines 730 (NY); Bay: Billington (N); Brevard:
Fredholm 5969 (G); Clay: Canby (G); Columbia: Huger (NY);
uval: Curtiss 3788 (NY); Franklin: Chapman (NY); Gadsden:
Leeds (P); Highlands: Correll 6202 Ss ); Hillsborough: Blanton
and O’Neill 6929 (C) ; Jefferson: aces hipe (B); Lake: Nash 1508
Y¥); Leon: O’Neill (C); Manatee: Tracy 6626 (NY); Nassau:

6027 ; Orange NY); Pas
2 (C); Pinellas: Tracy 6626 teh, Polk: MoFarlin 4049 (H);
6418

3. «aia eee ee - Moist, opat, boggy soil,
Swamps, low prairies and pinela Counties: Baker: aie
729 (NY); Bay: poae Wl ue es tei Fredholm 6048 (G);
Calhoun: West (F895); Duval: sige 5758 ie anklin:
Chapman (NY); Gadsden: Leeds 534 (P); High sche: see
0286 (H); Lake: Nash 1451 aa Lee: pecs 12710 (N);

); Palm ch:

Tracy 6628 sae Polk: sa 5814 (H); Putnam: Correll
; (D); Seminole: Eaton 1042 in part (G); Walton: Correll
8453 (D).

4. Lycopoptum cerNuuUM L. eo of streams, low hammocks,

and boggy soil. Counties: Alachua: Chapman sul Duval:
Outs 3790A (NY); Ga Sitien: st 533 (P); Hernando: Small,
Knight, E. and R. St. John (NY); Highlands: Coral and Me-

a

ee: Buswell (M); M. Moldenke 5923 on Orange:
Franklin (NY); Ose ng grins 15 (D); Pinellas: Miller and
Reeves (D); Polk: McFarlin 4124 (H); Seminole: Rapp (F899).
5. Lycopopium picHotomum Jacq. In swamps on trees. Coun-
ties: Collier: McFarlin and Mosier 7357 (H).
6. Lycopopium pRosTRATUM Harper. Moist, open, = soil,
Ba

ies: Bay:
uval: Curtiss 5358 (NY); Franklin: Correll 5647 my nor
ough: O’Neill 6929 (D); Manatee: Simpson 131 (NY); Nass
Oosting 238 (D); Putnam: Correll 6418A (D); Volusia: Huts
(B); Walton: Correll 8454 (D).

Faminy 3. SELAGINELLACEAE Spike-moss Family

1, SELAGINELLA Beauv. pd osses
- SELAGINELLA ACANTHONOTA Underw sandy soil in pine-
i. and serub. Counties: Dade: nc $82 (NY) 5 Gadsden:

98 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Curtiss (N); Highlands: Correll and McFarlin 6234 (D); Lake:
Harper 16 (G); Manatee: Tracy 7554 (G); Osceola: Harper 10
(N); Polk: McFarlin 4068 (H).
2. ‘Skragndenss Apopa (L.) Fernald. In wet soil along streams,
ditches, and in swamps, meadows, and wet woods. Counties:
la

(N); Je oie rte (B) ; Leon: ronie. 38480 (NY); Lib-
erty: Correll 5675 (D); Polk: Correll 6288 (D

3. ties Sab ARENICOLA Underw. Dr, andy soil in pine-
lands and scrub. Counties: Dade: Eaton (G); Gadsden: Curtiss
(N); Hernando: Baker 5 (N); Hi een McFarlin 9374 (NY);
Lake: Underwood 1255 (NY); Manatee: Combs (N); Orange:
Palmer 38316 (N); Polk: McFarlin 4064 (H); Putnam: Harper

CY). qoeaiany Rapp (G).
4, SELAGINELLA ne ATONI Hieron. In moist soil of lime-sinks, in
hammocks. gon : Dade: he and Carter 1149 (NY); Mon-

roe: Small and oo 3229

5. SELAGINELLA FLORIDANA Meson, fone sandy soil in pin
lands and scrub. Counties: Dade: m (G); Lake: Nash nae
(NY); Manatee: Tracy 7554 (NY); apie Rapp (N); gs og
Harper 10 ee : ewe Reeves (D); Polk: Baker 3 (
Volusia: Baker
SELAGINELLA FUNIFORMIS Van Eseltine. Open, dry, sandy

ti

ig®€

. Coun
son 1752 (NY); Collier: Standley 52533 Oe Dade: Moldenke
88 : i iltmo b ( ighla

: Rap B
am: Hasbrouck (N); Sarasota: Small and Matthaus 11627

@).

7, SELAGINELLA LUDOVICILENS Br. es moist soil about —
and in low gainers Ree es: Gad : Chapman (G); J

son: Palmer (G); Leo ge 2527 poe Liberty: Oosting 103
(D); Polk: Smith ON).

ORDER 5. ISOETALES
FaMity 1, IsoETACEAE Quillwort Family
1. Isortes L. Quillworts
1. ISonTES ALATA Small. In wet soil around ponds, along slug-
gish streams, and in swamps. Counties: Sumter: Curtiss 6696 (B).
2. Isorres CHAPMANII (Engelm.) Small. Limestone ledges,
along rivers and streams. Counties: Jackson: Chapman (NY).

CuHeEcK-List oF FLoRIDA FERNS 99

3. ISOETES FLACcIDA Shuttlw. Muddy itunttias in mars
hammocks, and along sluggish streams. Counties: Brevard: ratory
3813 (B); Dade: Small and Carter 1209 (NY); Franklin: sia
man (N); Jefferson: Eaton 222 (G); ry Harper 22 (NY)
Levy: Harper 68 (NY); Manatee: Garber 32 (NY); Polk: Smith
(N); Volusia: Curtiss 3813 (N); Wakulla: see i 13 (NY).

ORDER 6. EQUISETALES
FAMILY 1. EQUISETACEAE Horsetail Family
1. EquisetuM L. Horsetails
1. EQuisETrUM PREALTUM Raf. Along wet, sandy stream banks,
Counties: Liberty: Kurz 5 (NY).

EXCLUDED SPECIES

Trichomanes Boschianum Sturm and Ceratopteris del-
toidea Benedict have been reported from Florida. How-
ever, since they were not observed in any of the collections
Studied, they have been excluded from this check-list.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Broun, Maurice. 1936. Some Impressions of the ‘‘Land of
Ferns,’’ and a Florida Fern Garden. Amer. Fern Jour.
26: 55-59.
- Chapman, A. W. 1897. Flora of the Southern United States.
on 3, pp. 621-641. American Book Co., New York, Chi-
ati.

bo

oe

o, Cincinn

Diaaen, way 1936. Growing Florida Ferns. Amer.
Fern Jour. 26: 1-10.

Eaton, A. A. noe Pteridophytes observed during three ex-
eursions into southern Florida. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 33:
4

+

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ee]
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=
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ee
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a 8

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oS

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: 68-81.
eng Roun about Florida for Ferns.

for)
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~]
=

webs
Bs 8
st 2
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r. Fern Jove. 19
7. Noble, ge A. 1914, — tee in Florida in the Phos-
phate Country. Amer. Fern Jour. 4: 65-66.

8. 1916. Fern Hunting in Florida in the Phosphate
Country. Amer. Fern Jour. 6: 42-44.
9. Pembler, F. T. 1911. A Fern Collector in Florida. Amer.

Fern Jour. 1: 45-48.

100 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

10. gag ou M. W. 1916. Ferns of Duval County, Florida.
Amer. Fern Jour. 6: 39-42,

11. Small, . zie 1913. Flora of the Southeastern United States.
Ed. 2, pp. 1-31. Small. w York.

12. ————— 1931. Ferns of ey The Seience Press. New

York.
13. St. John, E. P. and R. P. 1935. Fern Study in Central
Florida. Amer. Fern an 2he Se

14. ————— 1936. Rare Ferns of Centval Florida. Amer. Fern
Jour. 26: 41-50

15. ————— 1936. Ne ew Ferns of Central Florida. Amer. Fern
Jour. 26: 50-55.

16, Underwood, L. M. 1891. The Distribution of Tropical Ferns
in Peninsular Florida. Proc. of the Ind. Acad. of Sci. 1:

83-90.

17. ————— 1893. Our Native Ferns and Their Allies. Henry
Holt & ee New nah

18. ———— 1906. Am Ferns. Species added to the
Flora of ae ce Pate from 1900 to 1905, Bull, Torr.
Bot. Club 33: 189-205.

DEPARTMENT OF BoTAny,
Duke University, DurHam, N. C.

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Ferns oF KENTUCKY 101

The Ferns and Fern Allies of Kentucky
TuHos. N. McCoy
(Continued from page 46)

FAMILY HYMENOPHYLLACEAE
TRICHOMANES BoscHta4nuM Sturm (Filmy Fern).
Rare. In situations free from direct sun-rays and
bathed by water from wet rocks. Edmonson, Law-
rence, and Rockeastle counties.

FAMILY POLYPODIACEAE
POLYPODIUM VIRGINIANUM Linnaeus (Common Poly-
pody). Polypodium vulgare of authors, not Lin-
naeus. Common. On sandstone. One instance grow-
ing on a tree some forty feet from the ground. Bath,
Bell, Boyd, Carter, Christian, Edmonson, Elliott,
Floyd, Greenup, Laurel, Madison, McCreary, Mor-
gan, Powell, Rowan, Warren, and Whitley counties.

. Potypoprum potypoprorwEs (Linnaeus) Watt (Resur-

rection Fern). Common. Sandstone and trunks of
trees. Boyd, Calloway, Christian, Edmonson,
Greenup, Marshall, Oldham, Pulaski, Rowan, Spen-
cer, Warren, and Whitley counties.

ADIANTUM pPEDATUM Linnaeus (Maidenhair Fern).
Common. Moist shade, rich leaf mold. Anderson,
Bath, Bell, Boyd, Breathitt, Calloway, Carter, Ed-
monson, Elliott, Graves, Greenup, Harlan, Jessamine,
Laurel, Madison, McCreary, Morgan, Powell, Pulaski,
Rowan, and Whitley counties.

ADIANTUM CapruLus-VENERIS Linnaeus (Southern
Maidenhair). Rare. Dripping limestone. One
Specimen in Gray Herbarium labelled, ‘‘ Aug. 1899—
Carter Caves, Ky,—(G. G. Jr.)’’? One specimen
found in Boyd County, but the only known station
at present is in Pulaski County.

102

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AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

PTERIDIUM LATIUSCULUM . (Desvaux). Hieron.
(Bracken). Pteris aquilina of many American
authors. Common. Very scrubby in the mountains, |
but vigorous in fertile soil, especially in the Purchase

Region. Bell, Boyd, Calloway, Christian, Edmonson,
Lincoln, Madison, McCreary, Morgan, Powell,
Rowan, Whitley, and Wolfe counties.

. CHEILANTHES LANOSA (Michaux) Watt (Hairy Lip-

fern). Not common. A rock dweller, Calloway,
Edmonson, and Warren counties.

. PELLAEA ATROPURPUREA (Linnaeus) Link. (Purple

Cliffbrake). Common. Limestone cliffs. Anderson,
Boyd, Carter, Edmonson, Fayette, Floyd, Garrard,
Jessamine, Madison, Mercer, Pulaski, Rockcastle,
Rowan, and Warren counties.

ELLAEA GLABELLA Mettenius. Not common. Lime-
stone cliffs. Carter, Madison, McCreary, Jessamine,
and Pulaski counties.

, sunset > PINNATIFIDUM Nuttall (Lobed Spleen-

rt). Common. Sandstone cliffs and boulders.
Bell, Boyd, Calloway, Carter, Edmonson, Elliott,
Floyd, Greenup, Madison, McCreary, Morgan,
Powell, Rowan, Rockonstla, oe. and Whitley
counties.

. ASPLENIUM KENTUCKIENSE McCoy. Rare. Sandstone

cliffs and boulders. Boyd, Calloway, and Rowan
counties.

. AsPLENIUM TrUDELLI Wherry (Trudell’s Spleen-

wort). Rare. On sandstone cliffs and boulders
with A. pinnatifidum and A. montanum. Elliott,
McCreary, Rowan, and Whitley counties.

_ AspLENIUM TricHoMaNES Linnaeus (Maidenhair

Spleenwort). Common. Deep shade in the spray of
waterfalls, or more commonly lying on wet moss on
sandstone. Bell, Boyd, Calloway, Carter, Edmonson,

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Ferns oF KENTUCKY 103

Elliott, Fayette, Greenup, Harlan, Powell, Rock-
castle, Rowan, Warren, and Wolfe counties.
ASPLENIUM PLATYNEURON (Linnaeus) Oakes (Ebony
Spleenwort). Very common. Everywhere; rocks,
rocky soil, and open thicket. Bell, Boyd, Calloway,
Campbell, Carter, Christian, Edmonson, Elliott,
Fayette, Floyd, Garrard, Grayson, Greenup, Harlan,
Jessamine, Laurel, Lincoln, McCreary, Muhlenberg,
Pulaski, Rockcastle, Rowan, and Warren counties.
ASPLENIUM PLATYNEURON f. SERRATUM (E. S. Miller)
Hoffmann. . Asplenium platyneuron var. serratum
(E. 8. Miller) BSP. Common. With the species.
Bell, Boyd, Elliott, Greenup, Rowan, and Whitley
counties.

ASPLENIUM RESILIENS Kunze (Blackstem Spleen-
wort). Asplenium parvulum Martens and Galeotti.
Not common. On limestone. Barren, Bell, Boyd,
Edmonson, Fayette, Garrard, Jessamine, Powell,
Pulaski, and Rowan counties.

. ASPLENIUM BRADLEY! D. C. Eaton (Bradley’s Spleen-

wort). Rare. Sandstone cliffs. Bell, Carter, Ed-
monson, Estill, Powell, Rowan and Whitley counties.

. ASPLENIUM MONTANUM Willdenow (Mountain

Spleenwort). Not common. Sandstone cliffs and
oulders. Makes more vigorous growth in moist
shade. Bell, Edmonson, Elliott, Harlan, McCreary,
Menifee, Morgan, Rockeastle, Rowan, and Whitley
counties.

ASPLENIUM CRYPTOLEPIS Fernald (American Wall-
rue). Asplenium Ruta-muraria of American
authors; not Linnaeus. Not common. Limestone
cliffs. Carter, Garrard, Jessamine, Mercer, Powell,
Pulaski, Rockeastle, and Rowan counties.

- ATHYRIUM pycnocaRPoN (Sprengel) Tidestrom

(Narrowleaf-Athyrium): Athyrium angustifolium —

104 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

(Michaux) Milde. Common. Rich woods; shaded
seeps. Anderson, Bell, Boyd, Bourbon, Carter, Ed-
monson, Elliott, Fayette, Greenup, Harlan, Nelson,
Pulaski, and Rowan counties.

ATHYRIUM THELYPTEROIDES (Michaux) Desvaux
(Silvery Athyrium). Athyrium acrostichoides
(Swartz) Diels. Asplenium acrostichoides Swartz.
Common, Swampy places. Boyd, Carter, Elliott,
Greenup, Harlan, Hopkins, Morgan, Powell, and
Rowan counties.

ATHYRIUM ASPLENIOIDES (Michaux) Desvaux (Lady
Fern). Athyrium Filix-femina American authors in
part. Asplenium FPilix-femina American authors in
part. Common. Rich woods. Bell, Campbell, Callo-
way, Carter, Edmonson, Lincoln, Kenton, McCreary,
Powell, Rowan, and Whitley counties.

ATHYRIUM ANGUSTUM (Willdenow) Presl, var. RUBEL-
LuM (Gilbert) Butters. Common. Rich woods.
Bath, Boyd, Elliott, Fulton, McCreary, Morgan,
Powell, Rowan, and Whitley counties.

. ATHYRIUM ANGUSTUM var. ELATIUS (Link) Butters.
Not common. Rich woods; sometimes with sedges
and grasses. Bell and Lincoln counties.
CAMPTOSORUS * RHIZOPHYLLUS (Linnaeus) Link
(Walking Fern). Common. Rockloving; limestone
and sandstone. Bath, Bell, Boyd, Calloway, Carter,
Edmonson, Fayette, Garrard, Harlan, Hopkins, Jes-
samine, McCreary, Powell, Pulaski, Rowan, and
Whitley counties.

PouysticHUM AcROsTICHOIDES (Michaux) Schott
(Christmas Fern). Very common. Everywhere.
Bath, Bell, Boyd, Carter, Calloway, Christian, Ed-
monson, Elliott, Floyd, Graves, Garrard, Greenup,
Harlan, Jessamine, Laurel, Lincoln, Madison, Mar-
shall, Morgan, McCreary, Pulaski, Rowan, Powell,
Warren, and Whitley counties.

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Ferns ofr KENTUCKY 105

. POLYSTICHUM ACROSTICHOIDES f. INCISUM (Gray)

Gilbert. Polystichum acrostichoides var. Schweinitzti
(Beck) Small. Occasionally found with the species.
Carter, Elliott, Morgan, and Rowan counties.

. DRYOPTERIS HEXAGONOPTERA (Michaux) C. Christen-

sen (Beech Fern). Phegopteris hexagonoptera
(Michaux) Fée. Thelypteris hexagonoptera (Mich-
aux) Weatherby. Common. Rich woods. Bath,
Bell, Boyd, Calloway, Carter, Edmonson, Elliott,
Fulton, Green, Greenup, Graves, Harlan, Laurel,
Lincoln, Marshall, McCreary, Morgan, Powell,
Rowan, Whitley, and Wolfe counties.

. DRYOPTERIS NOVEBORACENSIS (Linnaeus) A. Gray

(New York Shield Fern). Aspidium noveboracense
(Linnaeus) Swartz. Thelypteris noveboracensis
(Linnaeus) Nieuwland. Common. Rich woods;
near streams of water. Bell, Boyd, Calloway, Carter,
Edmonson, Elliott, Harlan, Kenton, Laurel, Lincoln,
McCreary, Morgan, Muhlenberg, Powell, Rowan, and
Whitley counties.

DRYOPTERIS MARGINALIS (Linnaeus) Gray (Marginal
Shield Fern). Aspidiwm marginale (Linnaeus)
Swartz. Thelypteris marginalis (Linnaeus) Nieuw-
land. Common. Fertile rocky soil; rocks in moist
shady places. Bell, Boyd, Carter, Edmonson, Elliott,
Fayette, Franklin, Garrard, Jessamine, Laurel, Mc-
Creary, Morgan, Powell, Pulaski, Rowan, and Whit-
ley counties,

. DRYoPTERIS MARGINALIS f, TRIPINNATIFIDA (Clute)

Weatherby. Not common. Found with the species.
Elliott county.

Dryopreris Gouprana (Hooker) A. Gray (Goldie’s
Shield Fern). Aspidium Goldianum. Hooker.
Thelypteris Goldiana (Hooker) Nieuwland. Rare.
Moist sandstone; shady woods. Boyd, Harlan, and
Kenton counties.

106 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

33. DrYopTERIS THELYPTERIS (Linnaeus) A. Gray
(Marsh Fern). Aspidiwm Thelypteris (Linnaeus)
Swartz. Thelypteris palustris (Salisbury) Schott
var. pubescens (Lawson): Fernald. Rare. Marshes
with sedges and grass. Rowan and Carter counties.
DRYOPTERIS SPINULOSA (O. F. Mueller) Kuntze
(Spiny-toothed Shield Fern). Aspidium spinulosum
(O. F. Mueller) Swartz. Thelypteris spinulosa (O.
F. Mueller) Nieuwland. Rare. Fertile sandy humus
soil in woods where there is plenty of shade and mois-
ture. Jefferson and Greenup counties.

. DRYOPTERIS SPINULOSA var. INTERMEDIA (Muhlen-
berg) Underwood (Spinulose Shield Fern). Aspi-
dium spinulosum var. intermedium (Muhlenberg)
D. C. Eaton. Thelypteris spinulosa var. intermedia
(Muhlenberg) Nieuwland. Common. Fertile sandy
humus soil where there is plenty of shade and mois-
ture. Carter, Bell, Edmonson, Elliott, Greenup,
McCreary, Powell, and Whitley counties.
CYSTOPTERIS BULBIFERA (Linnaeus) Bernhardi (Bulb-
let Fern). Common on limestone cliffs and ledges,
but rarely found elsewhere. Carter, Edmonson,
Fayette, Garrard, Jessamine, Powell, Pulaski,
Rowan, and Warren counties.

CYSTOPTERIS FRAGILIS (Linnaeus) Bernhardi var.
PROTRUSA Weatherby (Fragile Fern). Common.
Rocky mountainous woods; open pasture thickets.
Bell, Boyd, Carter, Campbell, Edmonson, Elliott,
Greenup, Hardin, Harlan, Graves, Powell, Rowan,
Warren and Woodford counties.

CYSTOPTERIS FRAGILIS var. Mackigit Lawson. Not
common. Seems to prefer rocks more than var. pro-
trusa. Edmonson, Elliott, and Greenup counties.
WoonsrA optusa (Sprengel) Torrey (Common Wood-
sia). Common. General. Anderson, Bell, Boyd,

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Ferns or KENTUCKY 107

Calloway, Carter, Christian, Edmonson, Floyd, Har-
lan, Jessamine, Marshall, Rockcastle, Rowan, and
Warren counties.

. DENNSTAEDTIA PUNCTILOBULA (Michaux) Moore

(Hay-Scented Fern). Dicksonia punctilobula
(Michaux) Gray. Common. Loeal; sandstone cliffs
and ledges; open shale banks along the roadside.
Bath, Bell, Carter, Edmonson, Harlan, Lincoln,
McCreary, Monroe, Morgan, Powell, and Rowan
counties.

ONocLEA sENsIBILIS Linnaeus (Sensitive Fern).
Common. Wet meadows; edge of ponds and ditches
along the roadside. Bell, Boyd, Calloway, Edmonson,
Elliott, Fulton, Greenup, Laurel, McCreary, Powell,
Pulaski, Rowan, and Whitley counties.

- WoopwarpIA AREOLATA (Linnaeus) Moore. This

Species was first reported from Kentucky (Laurel
County) by Prof. E. Lucy Braun in American Mid-
land Naturalist 18: 363-366, May, 1937. Shortly
afterward, in this JourNat 27: 97, July, 1937, Judge
G. K. Holbert reported it from Hardin County. I am
indebted to him for herbarium specimens and a liv-
ing plant. None of his material was fruiting, and I
took it at first for Onoclea sensibilis, but further
examination of material and manuals (Gray’s and
Bloomquist’s) revealed a distinct difference in the
Sterile fronds. The pinnae of Onoclea sensibilis are
more or less lobed and not serrate, while the pinnae
of Woodwardia areolata are not lobed and are finely
serrate, and have more anastomosing veins. The
fruiting frond is reduced to small bean-like bodies
enclosing the sporangia.

“In wet sour soil in deep woods and seepy drains.
Found near Moonshine Cliff and New Summit,
Hardin Co.’’ Laurel Co.

108

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AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

FAMILY SCHIZAEACEAE

. LyGoprum PaLMatTum (Bernhardi) Swartz (Climbing

Fern). Not common. Shady thickets. Bell, Carter,
Laurel, McCreary, Powell, and Whitley counties.

Famity OSMUNDACEAE

OSMUNDA REGALIS var. SPECTABILIS (Willdenow) Gray
(Royal Fern). Osmunda regalis of American authors
in part. Common. Boggy ground; cracks of wet
rocks. Bell, Calloway, Carter, Edmonson, Elliott,
Jefferson, McCreary, Powell, and Whitley counties.
OsMUNDA CLAYTONIANA Linnaeus’ (Interrupted
Fern). Not common. Rich woods; open thickets.
Boyd, Morgan, and Rowan counties.

OSMUNDA CINNAMOMEA Linnaeus (Cinnamon Fern).
Common. Boggy ground; moist rocky woods. Bell,
Boyd, Carter, Edmonson, Harlan, McCreary, Mor-
gan, Rowan, and Wolfe counties.

FAMILY OPHIOGLOSSACEAE

OPHIOGLOSSUM vULGATUM Linnaeus (Adder’s
Tongue). Rare. Rich woods. Barren County. The
other specimens collected by the early botanist give
the location as ‘‘Spots among the Barrens’? and
‘*Bank of Lick Creek and Kentucky River.’’
OPHIOGLOSsUM ENGELMANNI Prantl. Rare. Lime-
stone. Rockeastle and Boone counties. (Barren,
Warren, and Logan counties according to E. J.
Palmer, Am. Fern Jour. 22: 43-47.) —
BorrycHIuM DIsseEcTUM Sprengel. Botrychium
obliquum var. dissectum (Sprengel) Clute. Rare
Boone County. Collected by Short, Sept. 17, 1830.
One specimen in Missouri Botanical Garden collected
by Sadie Price (no date), Richpond, Ky.
Borrycuium oBLiguum Muhlenberg. Botrychiwm

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Ferns or Kentucky 109

dissectum var. obliquum (Muhlenberg) Clute. Not
common. Open moist thickets; creek bottoms. Bell,
Boyd, Harlan, Kenton, and Whitley counties.

. BorrycHIUM OBLIQUUM var. TENUIFOLIUM (Under-

wood) Gilbert. Not common. Growing with the
species. Bell, Boyd, and Lawrence counties.

. BorrYcHIUM VIRGINIANUM (Linnaeus) Swartz (Rat-

tlesnake Fern). Common. Rich woods. Anderson,
Bell, Boyd, Calloway, Carter, Christian, Edmonson,
Fayette, Graves, Greenup, Harlan, Jessamine, Mar-
shall, Morgan, Powell and Rowan counties.

Faminy MARSILEACEAE

. Marsmea qQuaprironia Linnaeus (Water Clover).

Rare. Rooted in mud around the edge of a pond.
Fayette County.

Famity EQuisETACEAE

. EqQuiseTum ArvVENSE Linnaeus (Field Horsetail).

Common. Wet banks. Carter, Fayette, Greenup,
Muhlenberg, Powell, Rowan, and Whitley counties.

- Equisperum preaLTumM Rafinesque (Tall Scouring

Rush). Equisetum robustum A. Braun. Equisetum
hyemale var. affine (Engelmann) A. A. Eaton. Equi-
setum hyemale var. robustum (A. Braun) A. A.
Eaton. Not common. Cinders along railroads;
sandy creek banks. Bath, Carter, Jessamine, Powell,
and Rowan counties.

Faminy LycoPpoDIACEAE

- Lycoroprum Senaco Linnaeus var. PATENS (Beau-

vois) Desvaux. Lycopodium lucidulum var. poro-
philum (Lloyd & Underwood) Clute. Not common.
Sandstone cliffs. Boyd, Carter, Laurel, Rowan, and
Warren counties.

110

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AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

LycorpopiIumM LUcIDULUM Michaux (Shining Club-
moss). Not common. Deep humus in moist shady
situations around sandstone cliffs. Bell, Elliott,
Jackson, McCreary, and Whitley counties.
LycorpoDIUM oBSCURUM Linnaeus var. DENDROIDEUM
(Michaux) D. C. Eaton (Ground Pine). Not com-
mon. Sandy humus soil around sandstone cliffs.
Boyle, Elliott, McCreary, Powell, Rowan, and Whit-
ley counties.

. LycopoDIUM COMPLANATUM Linnaeus var. FLABELLI-

FORME Fernald (Running Cedar). Rare. One speci-
men reported from the state. Collected by R. M.
Hamilton, Ezel, Morgan County, Jan. 27, 1923.
LycopopIuM TRISTACHYUM Pursh (Northern Running
Cedar). Not common. Thickets on top of moun-
tains. Bell, Laurel, McCreary, Powell, Rowan, and
Whitley counties.

. LycopopDIUM TRISTACHYUM var. SHARONENSE Blake.

Rare. Growing with the species. Powell County.

FAMILY SELAGINELLACEAE
SELAGINELLA APopDA (Linnaeus) Fernald. Selaginella
apus Spring. Not common. Wet sandstone; boggy
ground. Bell, Elliott, Laurel, McCreary, Muhlen-
berg, Powell, and Rowan counties.

CATLETTSBURG, Ky.

PoLYSTICHUM ALEUTICUM ae

On Polystichum aleuticum C. Chr., a New
North American Species

CARL CHRISTENSEN

The occurrence in North America of a new Poly-
stichum totally different from all other species hitherto
found there is surprising, and a few remarks about it will
certainly be of interest to the readers of this JouRNAL.
It was found in the island of Atka, one of the Aleutian
Islands, in 1932 by a member of a Swedish expedition to
Alaska and the Islands. The leader of the expedition,
Mr. Erie Hultén, well known for his great work on the
flora of Kamtschatka and now curator of the Botanical
Museum at Lund, Sweden, placed the whole collection
of Pteridophytes made in the Aleutians in my hands for
determination. Besides several common temperate or
subarctic species the collection contained a few tufts of
a Polystichum, which I at once regarded as a new and
very interesting novelty. I described it as P. aleuticum
and my description with photograph was recently pub-
lished by Mr. Hultén together with other new species
from the islands.

The remarks after the description are written by me,
and I show there that the species is totally different from
all American species but very closely related to several
forms from West China, e.g., P. sinense Christ, P. shen-
siense Christ, P. moupinense (Franch.) Bedd. and others,
Some of which very well may be regarded as forms or
Varieties of the Himalayan P. Prescottianum (Wall.)

oore. The specimens from Atka resemble closely some
Smaller forms of these species, perhaps best agreeing with
Some Chinese ones hitherto referred to P. lachenense
(Hook.) Bedd. I found them, however, distinctly differ-
cr.

1 Erie Hultén: New or notable species from Alaska. Svensk Bot.
Tidskrift 30: 515-528. 1936.

112 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

ent ‘‘in their peculiar eroso-dentate, greenish, flat indusia
and the castaneous, thick stipes of older leaves, very
similar to those of Asplenium Trichomanes or A. casta-
neum.’’ This is certainly correct, but nevertheless the
validity of the species may be doubted.

Two years after my deseription of P. aleuticum was
written, I had for determination a collection from the high
mountains of West China and in the course of this work I
found that the Chinese specimens of P. lachenense do not
agree very well with Hooker’s original description and
plate of the type from Himalaya.? He says: ‘‘The fronds,
and consequently the stipites are very densely tufted, and
though most of the fronds seem unable to bear the
severity of the winter’s cold or the long covering of snow,
the stipites remain, stout, black, glossy, and withered at
the points. It wants the wiry habit of Asplenium Tricho-
manes, otherwise the general size and form of the pinnules
are not much unlike those of a form of that species.”’
These words are as if written after the Atka specimens
except that the stipes of these are not black and glossy but
rather dull castaneous. Further Hooker described ee
fronds as coriaceous, but Clarke as ‘‘scarcely coriaceous’
those of P. aleuticum are herbaceous but rather Rie
finally Hooker illustrated the scales as dentate, while those
of our species are entire, pale straw-colored, the stipes in
age naked. After this the differences between the
Himalayan and the Aleutian fern seem to be very insig-
nificant, and I am therefore now inclined to consider P.
aleuticum a form or a variety of P. lachenense.

Whether a valid species or not, the occurrence of this
fern in Atka is remarkable. Fomin? mentions no species
of this group as East-Siberian and the locality is thus a
very remote and isolated one. The case is however not

2 Hooker: Sp. Fil. vol. IV, p. 8, pl. 212.
3 Fomin: Flora Sibiriae et Orientis Extremi. Vol. V. 1930.

Recent Fern LireRATURE 113

unique, for Hultén describes in the same paper a Sazi-
fraga aleutica, the nearest relative of which is Himalayan.

CoPENHAGEN

Recent Fern Literature

Some MisunDERSTANDINGS ABOUT Texas Ferns.—In
July, 1937, the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station
issued a bulletin on the flora of the state’ in which 2}
pages are devoted to a list of Pteridophyta. This list con-
tains such an unusual number of misprints and apparent
misidentifications that comment on it seems desirable.
Students of the reversal of sex in plants by radiation will
be struck by the success of brain waves in making
Athyrium asplenioides a ‘‘Malefern’’ (p. 10). Selagi-
nella arizonica has become S. ‘‘arenicola’’ (a Floridian
Species) and S. sheldoni appears as S. ‘‘Sherwoodit”’ (a
name given, though not by Maxon, to an Appalachian
plant).

About 10 species of Appalachian or more northern
range are listed, and although it is true that we do not
know all the details of distribution of such species, their
Occurrence in Texas seems highly improbable,—Dryop-
teris intermedia and Selaginella rupestris, for example,
both rare even as far southwest as Missouri.

Interestingly enough, evidence that misidentification
has actually occurred is furnished by two other publica-
tions which appeared shortly afterward. In one dealing
with valuable plants? we find (p. 4) this valuable item
“Polypodium virginianum Li, The Licorice Fern of
Southeastern United States. This peculiar fern...

Pe
Catalogue of the Flora of Texas, by V. L. Cory and H. B.
Parks. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 550. 1937. 130 pages
? Valuable Plants Native to Texas, by H. B. Parks. eT Bull. 551.
1987. 173 pages

114 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

grows commonly on the bark of leaning trees... .”’
Clearly, then, the report in the state list of Polypodium
virgimianum (not known south of the higher Ozarks) is
based on misidentification of P. polypodioides. Inci-
dentally, no one who has ever tasted its rootstock would
class it as a licorice fern. In the same bulletin we learn
that the Aspleniums (actually A. platyneuron, A. resiliens
and A. trichomanes) are valuable because they are ‘‘Resur-
rection Ferns.’’

On page 25 of the third publication® the plant lists are
indicated to have been compiled by amateurs. The de-
scription of the Big Thicket area shows that its soils are
dominantly sandy and the photographs represent vege-
tation of the warm Coastal Plain type, Cypress and
Palmetto being prominent. This makes it clear that the
record of Athyrium thelypteroides from this part of
Texas (also in the State list) represents nothing but A.
asplenioides; and that of Lycopodium lucidulum repre-
sents sterile L. alopecuroides. What could have been
mistaken for the limestone cliff species, Cheilanthes ala-
bamensis, Pellaea atropurpurea, and Selaginella wrightit,
among cypress-swamp ferns is not so clear, but then of
course these species occur in western Texas and so belong
in the state list if not in the Big Thicket one.

It may be questioned whether publication of unchecked
lists of this sort do not do more harm than good to the
study of plant geography, because once a record is printed,
enthusiastic but uncritical compilers are sure to copy it
from one publication to another. Then, when some care-
ful worker leaves it out of a geographic paper, he gets
accused of overlooking a record which he had actually
discarded, for good reason. That facts of real scientific

8 Biological Survey of the East Texas Big Thicket Area, by
Parks, Cory and others. Private Publication, 51 pages. oni
1937. ‘

RECENT FERN LITERATURE 115

interest may be obscured is illustrated by one further
item in the State list: Lygodium palmatum. This fern
is not known to grow west of central Tennessee, hundreds
of miles from the Texas border. On the other hand,
Lygodium mexicanum is already known to extend from
central Mexico to the Rio Grande, while L. japonicum,
after escaping from gardens, has spread widely over the
Gulf states. The ascertaining of which of these it is that
has reached eastern Texas would be a matter of real plant- -
geographic interest; but to list it as the northeastern L.
palmatum will jesus merely in misleading earnest but
inexperienced compilers of range data or maps. —E. T. W

In a list of the Pteridophyta of Horry County, South
Carolina, which has just been published? several unfortu-
hate slips occur. This county, it should be noted, lies on
the coast at the eastern tip of the state, and offers no rock
or ravine habitats for upland ferns. We are therefore,
unable to accept the reports of Polypodium virginianum
(as P. vulgare), Polystichum Lonchitis, and Dennstaedtia
(as Dicksonia) punctilobula. They evidently represent
misidentifications of three ferns which are common in the
county but are not listed, respectively Woodwardia
areolata, Polystichum acrostichoides, and Athyrium
asplenioides. Compilers of plant-geographic maps should
not include unchecked lists of this sort—E. T. W.

Careless identification of pteridophytes is, moreover, not
confined to the south. Ina brief note ina popular journal’
a writer recently gave a faithful description of the fea-
tures and habitat of Lycopodium annotinum in northern
P ennsylvania, and then proceeded to guess that ‘‘it is

* The Vascular Plants of Horry County, South Carolina, by S. A.
Ives and X, A, Smith. Furman Bulletin, Greenville, South Caro-
lina, 20(9): 25. April, 1938.

* Lycopodium porophilum. Amer. Botanist, 44: 67, April, 1938.

116 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

likely the rare variety porophilum.’’? The appearance
of such records in print is most unfortunate, because noth-
ing can be done to stop their reappearance in one com-
pilation after another ever after. For the benefit of stu-
dents of the distribution of ferns who earnestly desire to
have their data correct it may be pointed out here that
Lycopodium selago var. patens, the so-called L. poro-
philum, is as yet known in Pennsylvania only in Pike
County.—E. T. W.

Two works of quite different scope, but both important
for the classification of ferns, have recently appeared—
Clausen’s Monograph of the Ophioglossaceae and Chris-
tensen’s summary of the families and genera of true
ferns in Verdoorn’s Manual of Pteridology.

Clausen’s work—the first first general treatment of the
family since Prantl’s fifty years ago—is a sane and clear-
headed study of an exceptionally difficult group. The
author has had to confess failure in the original object of
his effort—to find more fundamental and reliable charac-
ters for the delimitation of species than had hitherto been
used. Such characters have not appeared; worse, those
of venation and spores adduced by Prantl have proved not
to hold; and Dr. Clausen has, like most of his predeces-
sors, been foreed to fall back on leaf-form, pubescence,
size, and habit as working criteria. He has found, also,
that the Ophioglossaceae, generally regarded as the old-
est of surviving ferns, do not fall readily into the geo-
graphic divisions valid for most vascular plants, but
tend to show the very wide and often broken ranges more
characteristic of lower orders, such as mosses and fungi.
This is less noticeable in the presumably oldest genus,
Botrychium, and more so in the presumably youngest,
Ophioglossum, which seems to have had time to sprea'
over most of the earth, but not to develop local variants.

Under these circumstances, Dr. Clausen has wise

RECENT FERN LITERATURE 117

steered a highly conservative course. Ophioderma and
Cheiroglossa, segregated by many authors, remain as sub-
genera of Ophioglossum. Out of 52 recognized species,
only two are new and those from remote parts of South
America and Africa, whence novelties might be expected.
Many previously proposed species are reduced to sub-
Species' or varieties, or rejected altogether. Thus, Botry-
chium silaifolium, B. Coulteri and B. californicum be-
come subspecies of B. multifidum and B. onondagense
and B. minganense varieties of B. Lunaria. Ophioglos-
sum tenerum is reduced to varietal rank under O. nudi-
caule and O. californicum to a subspecies of O. lusitani-
cum, both species originally described from the Old World
and both, by these additions, expanded to a nearly
world-wide range. Butters’s varieties of B. virginianum,
Graves’s of B. obliquum, and E. P. St. John’s O. flori-
danum are suppressed entirely. An older name, as a
subspecies of B. boreale, is found for H. St. John’s B.
pinnatum. On the other hand, new varieties in B. sim-
plex and B. matricariaefolium are found necessary to take
care of their variations.

Dr. Clausen concludes modestly : ‘‘In this paper, most
of the essential taxonomic data relating to the Ophio-
glossaceae . . . have been brought together. With these
data organized, the way is open for serious work within
the family.’’ Just this sort of thing—the gathering
together, organizing, and evaluating of the mass of ma-
terial accumulated during recent years—is greatly needed
mM Many groups of plants—much more than description
SIDS sere

* Dr. Clausen follows a rather pronounced trend in America at
Present in his use of the term ‘‘subspecies.’? But unlike some of
his predecessors, who have merely—and inarticulately—substituted
“‘subspecies’? for ‘<variety,’? he gives a lucid statement of his
System and by employing both terms to express differences in rank,
*orrelates that system with the facts of nature as he sees them and
More or less closely with previous European usage.

118 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

of uncorrelated new species. Dr. Clausen is to be con-
gratulated on a noteworthy contribution to that need.2—

_ Verdoorn’s Manual of Pteridology has had a somewhat

unfortunate introduction to the American public, in that
one of the specimen pages chosen for inclusion in its ad-
vertising circular contains two errors almost startlingly
obvious to anyone acquainted with the ferns of North
America. But the quality of the work is by no means to
be inferred from this unlucky prelude. It gives an in-
terpretative summary of all that is known about ferns—
structure, diseases, association with symbiotic fungi, ge-
netics, cytology, manner of growth, chemistry, ecology,
geographic distribution, classification and probable evo-
lution. Each branch of the subject is treated by a recog-
nized authority. The book is hardly for the beginner, for
it is written in technical style and a good part of it in
German ; but it is an invaluable storehouse of information
and a mental stimulus for those qualified to use it.

Of particular interest to many of us is Dr. Christensen’s
new classification of the families and genera of true ferns,
not only as the result of his many years of study of the
group, but as the reaction of an expert and experienced
taxonomist to the researches of the morphologists and
students of evolution, particularly von Goebel and Bower.
Such researches have unquestionably tended to encourage
generic splitting. They have thrown emphasis on charac-
ters of anatomy, scales, prothallia, ete., which were either
unknown to earlier investigators or reenedid by them as
of little import, and which are, in long series of species,
less consistent than the soral characters formerly thought
to be fundamental. And by the theory that identical
characters may be developed independently in different
~ 2 Clausen, R. T. A Monograph of the Ophioglossaceae. Mem.
Torrey Bot. Club, 19: no. 2 (1938). 177 pp., 33 figs. $2.00.

RECENT FERN LITERATURE 119

lines of descent, they have tended to minimize the im-
portance of resemblances, just as they have magnified the
importance of differences.

The effect of all this is very visible in Dr. Christensen’s
new scheme. Not only is the sequence of families and of
genera within the families quite different from the famil-
iar plan of the Index Filicum, but there are more of
both, by a considerable percentage. The tree ferns now
have two families instead of one; and new ones are set up
for Lorsoma and Loxsomopsis, Plagiogyria, and that curi-
ous little fern of the Roraima region of South America,
Hymenophyllopsis, which has the habit, simple leaf-struc-
ture and type of indusium of Hymenophyllum, combined
with the possession of scales and sporangia like those of
a tree-fern. The Polypodiaceae now comprise fifteen
Subfamilies as against the nine of the Index and the
Sequence and grouping of genera is greatly changed.
Woodsia, for instance, remains near Dryopteris, but its
former companion, Cystopteris, is placed with Athyrium,
and Pteretis and Onoclea have a subfamily of their own
between the groups of Vittaria and Blechnum. Of the
three great genera of the Index, only Aspleniwm has come

through unscathed. Dryopteris is divided into six main

senera (with Thelypteris accepted as the name for the
marsh-fern group) and several others less definitely rec-
ognized; and Polypodium is not only split into some
eleven parts, but these are variously intermixed with
other genera previously distinguished.

It has often been pointed out that the achievement of
4 natural classification has proceeded in the ferns proba-
bly more slowly than in any other group of vascular
Plants. As Dr. Christensen himself states, his present
arrangement is still highly tentative. Much remains to
be found out; the existence of characters demonstrated

120 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

in a few species has to be assumed in many others, like
them, but not fully investigated; and much depends on
pure conjecture. But we may confidently hope that we
have here a step toward a final and natural arrangement;
and it is of very great interest.

Messrs. Alston and Walton contribute a clear treatment
of the Lycopodiinae and Max Hirmer of the groups of
Equisetum and Psilotum; but here there is much less of
novelty.2—C. A. W.

Martha H. Hollinshead writes pleasantly in Torreya
(38: 63-66, May—June, 1938) of the ferns of the New
Jersey pine barrens. She mentions eleven species, includ-
ing the oak fern which has been found once, in a well, in
that, for it, forbidding region.

In the number of ‘‘Little Gardens’’ for the summer of
1938 Edith Hardin English writes of western rock-ferns
as candidates for cultivation. Cryptogramma acrosti-
choides, Cheilanthes gracillima and Ch. siliquosa (Pellaea
densa), Polystichum Lemmoni and P. scopulinum, Wood-
sia oregana and W. scopulina, Asplenium Trichomanes
and A. viride, and Pityrogramma triangularis are men-
tioned as attractive subjects for the rock garden. No
doubt they are; but if they take to transplanting no more
kindly than do eastern rock-ferns a heavy mortality
among them is likely to attend that process. And at
this distance recommending to gardeners such rarities as
the two Polystichums looks like encouraging erime—
unless nursery stock raised from spores is available.

A. B. Massey and R. P. Carroll have listed the pteri-
dophytes of Mountain Lake, Giles County, Virginia.

3 Manual of Pteridology. Edited by Frans Verdoorn. Martinus
Nijhoff, the Hague. 1938, Pp. xx, 640; many figs.

SHortTerR Notes 121

Thirty-seven species are recorded, with notes as to habitat
and distribution. The most notable report is that of
Lycopodium annotinum, a southward extension of range
of about one hundred miles.*

Shorter Notes

DISTINGUISHING EQUISETA WITH ONE OR Two Rows OF
TUBERCLES ON THE RipcEs.—It is sometimes difficult to
determine definitely whether a given specimen of Equi-
setum has two rows of tubercles or a single row or cross-
bands of silex on the ridges. The difference between the
two types will stand out very prominently if one covers
a patch of the stem with ink from an ordinary fountain
pen, by simply rubbing the back of the pen-point on the
Specimen until there is enough ink to partly fill the
grooves and cover the ridges with a film of the ink. In
4 moment, if the ink has been applied either to fresh or
dry stems, the nature of the ridges will show very defi-
nitely. By this method the double rows of tubercles of
E. hiemale L. will make a striking picture in contrast with
the single rows of E. praealtum Raf. and E. laevigatum
A. Br. In the same way E. trachyodon A. Br. and £.
variegatum Schleich. can be separated from E. nelsoni
(A. A. Eat.) Schaffn. Large specimens of Z. trachyodon
have, in the East, frequently been mistaken for sma
Specimens of FE. hiemale but E. trachyodon can easily be
distinguished by its persistent sheath teeth with entire
absence of any abscission groove-—JoHN H. ScHAFFNER.

Wuart Osmunpa Is Eartinst?—lIs there a definite and
Tegular order of development among the three species of
Osmunda? In my garden, Osmunda Claytoniana has

Ne Theanine
*Claytonia 4: 45-48 (1938).

122 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

definitely led the series this spring, both in the unrolling
of its leaves and in the ripening of the spores which were
shed about May 1. The cinnamon fern is second in the
same locality, the spores being nearly two weeks later
than the Claytoniana fern. In the same garden the royal
fern was last both in leaf-development and in spore-rip-
ening, which occurred ten days after that of the cinnamon
fern.

It is of course obvious that no single garden or locality
is likely to furnish a conclusive answer. I shall be much
interested to hear reports from Fern Society members in
answer to this question.—R. C. BENEDICT.

Root Hairs or EQuISETUM PRAEALTUM Rar.—One of
the best plants for the demonstration of root hairs is
Equisetum praealtum Raf. Water roots can be grown
easily and in a very short time. The upper half of
healthy, mature shoots should be cut just above one of
the nodes and placed in a bottle or jar of water for a few
days. Ina short time the lowest node and sometimes the
next above, if both are in water, will develop roots, or
often both roots and branches. The roots soon attain a
length of 5-10 centimeters and are covered with long root
hairs except the tip. Above the tip there is a zone of
developing root hairs from the incipient stage to the ma-
ture condition. The fully developed hairs are from 5-6
mm. or more in length and show prominently to the naked
eye as they are spread out in the water of the bottle.
They appear very long under the low power of the micro-
scope—JoHN H. SCHAFFNER.

TRICHOMANES BoSCHIANUM IN WEST Virarnta.—Tr-
chomanes Boschianum was found for the first time
West Virginia on April 16, 1938. A good-sized eolony

AMERICAN FERN Society > 123

was found deep under a wet, overhanging cliff one mile
from Stiltner in Wayne County. Although the woods
around the cliff have recently been cut off and the area
used for pasturage, the ferns are so far under the cliff
that they will not be subject to trampling and the loca-
tion seems to be permanently moist. It would seem
therefore that unless too many people visit the location
to collect specimens and thus destroy the colony, it will
be there for many years to come. Specimens have been
deposited in the private herbarium of Lewis Plymale, and
in the herbaria of the University of Kentucky and of
Marshall College. It will be distributed from the latter
institution in their next century of vascular exsiccati as

712.—Lewis PiyMAte, Dept. of Botany, University of
Kentucky.

A NorrHern Fern in West Virctnta.—The slender
Rock-brake, Cryptogramma stelleri (Gmelin) Prantl, has
been known heretofore east of the Rocky Mountains only
as far south as Johnston Co., Iowa, Lycoming Co., Penn-
Sylvania, and Bergen Co., New Jersey, the last station, at
latitude 40° 58’, being the southernmost. While ex-
Ploring for ferns in Randolph Co., West Virginia, on July

, 1938, Mr. J. E. Benedict, Jr., and the writer unexpect-
edly discovered a small but thriving colony of it, in moist,
Sheltered recesses in a limestone cliff at 2850 feet altitude.
It lies at latitude 38° 49’, over 200 miles south of the
nearest Pennsylvania sisted and so represents a case of
disjunction similar to, though of lesser magnitude than,
that of the Hart’s Tongue. During the Glacial Period
both of these ferns may well have grown at various inter-
Yening stations, but have died out from these as a result
. climatic changes—Epear T. Wuerry, Philadelphia,

124 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

American Fern Society
New mem
Bell, Pdi cae, Pa.
Boydston, Mrs. Kathryn E., 559 Clinton Place, River Forest, Il.
Buchanan, Mrs. Edwin C., 'sto ony Brook, Long Island, N.
Dunbar, ieee 1D hive Head Farm, R. D. no. *: Kingston,
M. X.

ae

Parks, H. B., R. D. no. 1, San Antonio, Texas.
ee age of addre
RY OS canes Onli New Orleans, La.
fa Oren T., 551 Fricke Court, Santa Barbara Ave., Los
spaces i
Jehl OF -, Madeline Parkway, Yonkers, N. Y.
ieslen. a ‘Gan orge H., North Road, Bedford, Mas
ieee: Prof. Alice M. “Desk of Botany, Wellesley Oategs: Welles-
ley, Mass
Coenen Mrs. Mary F., 1015 Harrison St., Superior, Wis.
Through an oversight, for which the editor respon-
sible wishes to apologize, the report of the Judge of Hlec-
tions was not printed with the other officers’ reports In
the preceding number of the Journal. It follows:
111 ballots were returned. Eight of these were post-
marked later than December 10th, and were not counted.
The results follow:
For President—Dr. Edgar T. Wherry .............
r Vice-President—Mr. Arthur N. eek.
Fos Secretary—Mrs. Elsie G. Whitney .pesccssssesssessssveseresseseneenseente
r Treasurer—-Dr. Henry K.. Svemsonn -ce.cccccscccsscsssssvnssenesnenseennnensnneerne
as Honorary Membership—Dr. Campbell E. Waters ..........---
I therefore declare the above candidates elected as indi-
cated.
The following note on one of the ballots seems worthy
of record. ‘‘I regret not being able to attend the Fern
Meeting. It is too long a journey for my 81 years. L. F.
Kimball.’? Mrs. Kimball now lives in California; s
member of the Fern Society for forty years, and st
interested. Respectfully submitted,
W. L. Drx, Judge of Elections.

99
101

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of volumes at the single number rate. Single numbers, == — free.
Back volumes, as available, $7.00 each. Foreign postage

BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN MEMOIRS
Volume I: 33 a pt ecology various authors on genetics,
+ plant geography, and sy

grt it: on 6 Long og be? I. The
Vol.

ment, a iarsindten heats and Moran tas
vegetation map in colors. June 10, 1927. Pr

Orders sould be placed with
The Secretary, Br Botanic
1000 Washington Ave.,

‘Hobe Pasi
Fern Trowels @ Field Picks
Collecting Cases @ Driers
Ss Cov Mountin

Write, To-day, for Your Copy of
FREE CATALOG F-91

Vol, 28 October-December, 1938 No. 4

American Fern Journal

A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO FERNS

: Published by the
AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY
wa
: EDITORS
C. A. WEATHERBY
R. C. BENEDICT W. R. MAXON
CONTENTS

Ferns—XXH.__. W. RB. Maxon 140

Bests of ‘Sierra Ancha, Arizona... coe L. Larru, Jz. M44

Che American Hern Soriety

Council for 1935
OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR

Epcak T, WHEREY, University of Pennsylvania, azar oi

THUR N. LEEDS, Philadelphia, Pa. . Vice-President
Saag ees Gipson WHITNEY, New York ‘State. “Museum, Albany,

Noy. Secretary
Henry K. SveNnson, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, N. Y. ¥.

e€asu

OFFICIAL ORGAN

American Fern Journal
EDITORS

CT ..
W. RB. Maxow unnauunn SMithsonian Institution, es D.

An illustrated quarterly devoted to the general study of ferns.

ef ICAN SOCIE
$1.50; life cw ones: ip, $25.00). Extracted reprints, if ordered
advance, will be furnished authors at eost. They should be eek

en proof is palo 9
Volume I, six numbers, $2.00; other volumes $1.25 each. Bree
back numbers 35 cents each. Vol. I, No. 1; vol. III, nos. 2, 2, 3 and
; 1 : P . =f a €

Matter for publication should be addressed to C. A. WEATHERBY,
at 27 Raymond St., Cambridge, Mass.
Orders for back numbers and other business communications
should be addressed to the Treasurer of the Society.
LIBRARIAN
Miss HesTeR AM. Rusk, —— Botanic

CURATOR OF THE HERBARIUM

= psa intone ate om Eee ta

List of Members ofthe American Fern Society, Inc.
REVISED TO NOVEMBER 1, 1938

SUPPLEMENT TO THE AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
4

(* Charter Members; t Life Members)
HONORARY MEMBERS
Bower, Prof. Frederick Orpen, 2 The Crescent, Ripon,

nglan 26
cone, Dr ‘Carl, Skaanegade 6, Copenhagen, Denmark. ..... 1915
*Clute, . Willard Nelson, 5257 Hi inesley Ave., In dian- oe
oa is, Ind. 1
*Waters, De Campbell E., 5812 Chevy Chase Parkway, Wash-
ington, D. C. 1893
Allanson, H. E., 124 Chestnut Ave., Takoma Park, Ma. ......... 1935
Allen, Charles L , Care of Norton Co., Worcester, Mass. ......... 1929
Allen, Dr. F Bie Fairfield Ave lyoke, Mass. ...........-- 21
Allen, eyed V. D., Care ber n Dept., General Electric
» Sch mine a New York 1904
Allen, Wastes S., 144-19 35th Ave., Flushing, N.Y. 2.0.00. 1917
Almy, Roger W., 21 Morgan St., New Bedford, Mass. ......... 1936
Ames, Prof. Oakes, Botanical ’ Museum, Oxford St., Cam-
ridge, Mas 1917
gr Dr. W. A., Dept. of Botany, Univ. of Iowa, Iowa or

owa
Andrus, Miss PF, ge pee Berkshire School, Sheffield, Mass. 1936
Auxer, William H., 614 W. Lemon St., Lancaster, Penna. ..... 1934

Baber, Dr. » Longview Hospital, bgt oS ae ae 1926
Bailey, Dr, Thee Hyde, Wha © Ye 1921
Barnes ais oo , Barnes Foundation, Latch’s Lane, aa
Barnes, ating Augustus, P.O. Box 44, Bellona, Yates Co., ree
Barnhart, Dr. J ohn Hendley, New York Botanical Garden,
New = . 1911
“seen DR, Oookeriiie, Te oo re 1935

Beam, “Wesley W.,. West Poimt, Penna. ee

Bean, Ralph C., 48 Emerson St., Wakefield, Mass. .....

Beck, Mrs. Walter, Innisfree, Millbrook, N. oe. 1928
ksville, Penna

Bell, Mrs. John J., Winter Park, Fla, 1
Ben —. J. EB, Tr. » 945 Pennsylvania Ave. N.W., Wash-
ee 1923

ace ae Dr. Ralph Curtiss, 1819 Dorchester Rd., Brooklyn,

é E., Wa Aves Mas
£.

Bill, M
Binnevatet ae H. L., Dept. ‘of Botany, Duke University, ;

Durham, N. C.
Bostock, Mrs. H. S., 15 West Main St., Madison, Wis. ..........

Boughton, 7 Bs ’Pittsfo
7 Eve

ra. oN.
Bowen. ergreen Ave., Bloomfield, N. J. .......... 1

Bower, Prof Rrcderisk Orpen, 2° The Crescent, Ripon,
England

Boyee, ‘ra David C., 4214 Bigelow Blvd., Pittsburgh,
TATE aN SH onl MES ral tT ast cA ct i pment ene ene

Boydston, Kathryn E., 559 Clinton Place, River
Forest, Il.

Bragg, Miss Laura M., Berkshire Museum, eva Mass. :

Braun, Prof. E. Lucey, "2702 M ay pn Cincinnati, Ohio ...........

Brockoariage ie Lester Paige, North roan, Vt.

Brettle, Mrs. A. C. (Marion B.), 159 Pleasant Ave., Ham-
burg, N. a

istol, B eNnet 1s. fF OXDOLO, MASE, Gs eae e

Bri

Brooks, ia a "132 East enter St., Marion, Ohio ...............

Brook s, Maurice G., West Virginia University, eae
si Rik ys trees cous Nenana tee Mes OT a

— Maurice, awk Mt. Sanctuary, Route 1, Orwigsburg,

Ricoh. “Miss Bertha M., 10 Greenman Ave., Westerly, R. I. ......
Hu nada

Brown, bert H., 9 Ha alford Ave., Toronto 9, Canada... .

Brumba, ch, William C., Esterly P. 0., Pena. ck eee
Buchanan, Mrs. Edwin C. -., Stony Brook, Long Island, N. Y.
Buell, J. ‘E., Appalachian For. Exp . Station, 223 Federal

Bide. Avhevdia, © Oo ee 1

Burkart, Dr. Arturo, General Paz 1361, Buenos Aires,
Ar
Raeuhain Stewar H., Dept. of Botany, College of Agricul-
ture, Ithaca, N. Fo
urns, George W., Dept. of Botany, Univ. of Minnesota,
Minneapolis, Minn. Sereest el
Burrows, Edwin 2. Great spider ie Mas

Butters, Prof. Frederick K., Univ. of Atiecsotas “Minne-
apolis, Minn. x

Campbell, Dr.. Douglas Houghton, Leland Stanford Univer-
ity, Cait. ea ge eee
Campbell Miss Faye, Fairbrook Farm, North Egremont,

Canan, Miss Elsie D., 836 Napoleon St., Johnstown, Penna. es

tCapp, ‘Seth Bunker Go O. Box 2054, Philadelphia, Penna.
Carlson, Mrs. T. O., 26 Moss Rd., Mountain Lakes, N. be
geet Lt. ase Robt. P., Virginia Milit ary Institute, Lexing-

Catneart W. H., 10700 ase Base. Cleveland, Ohio ..............- 19
Cheever, Dr.

Austin Walter, 4 Beacon St., ‘outed, Mass.
ken, ea Ralph H., Biol Dept., Long Island Univ.,
Bro ,N ¥.

2

Child, W. A., 389 Hess St. South, Hamilton, Ontario ............. 1917
Chillas, Richar d B., Jr., 233 Winona Ave. ., Germantown,
1

19
“eps rammy Dr. Carl, Skaanegade 6, Copenage, Denmark 1915
, Mrs. B. Preston, 132 Ma rlboro St., Boston, Mass. ..... 1928

Clayton, Ernest, 434 Laurel Ave., San Anselmo, Marin Co.,

“Clute, Prof. Willard Nelson, 5257 Hinesley Ave., Indian-
1

apolis, In
Constantine, Thomas s,, i te East 169th St., New Si N. Y. 1936
Corne, Miss F. E., 17 Hilliard St. , Cambridge, M pheetatie! 1910
Correll, seg atch 8., Bot mae Museum, Harvard Univ, Cam-
ridge, Mas 1936
Cotner, Mrs. Anita ee 408 West set? oa Scopes Mont. 1935
Cottrell, ow. oss Road, Belmont, Mass. -.c 2. 1936
Cowan, Perea fay Valleyfiela Ponicuik: Midlothian, Scotland 1914
Dane, Mrs, Ernest B. , Roughwood, Chestnut Hill, Mass. 1925
Darbaker, Pr pi ag 2 e. 424 Franklin Ave., Wilkinsburg,
Penna.

Darden, Mrs, J. beaker 1712 Linden orth Nashville, Tenn. 1934
ha rling, Cyrus, B ox 193, Westboro, Mas 1929
li

pk
Demaree, Dr. Delzie, Agric. & Mech. College, Monticello, Ark, 1938
Derickson, ~~ Samuel H., Lebanon Valley College, Ann

DeVol, ees E, Marion College, Marion, Ind. .......-.cce 1938
Diddell, Mrs. Piles , 333 — 7th St., Jacksonville, i 1935
ae OFriaville, Penne. olen eee 1933

*
e, W. Bert bert, rth t aik : Ave., West Orange, N. J. 1926
ee Mrs, Arthur W. (Flor ence F.) , Woodstock, Ver-

2 gee Henry F., Arrow Head Farm, R. D. 3, Kingston,

Earle, oa 8., 350 Commonwealth — Boston, Mass. ........-- 1927
Earle, Dr. T. weomb College, New Orleans, La. ....... 1938
Eddy, PBs G. "31 Appleton ri ’ Pittsfield, Mass. .........- 1937
Edson, Mrs, Josephine Z., 54 Fairview Ave., Rochester, N. Y. 1936
Edwards , James L , 27 Stanford Place, — 1 ig aban 1932
Egerton, John B., 333 East 20th St., Baltimore, Md. . 1929
Eml giles Mrs . Arthur C., Awbury, Germant weil Philadelphia, pe
Emmons, “pawin Thayles, Care of Geneva Daily Times,
rs ee 1915
Shani L. B., 6058 Kingsbury Ave., St, Lowis, M0. .cd0c0.g/|J- 1938

ans, Miss ‘Lucile, 2125 E. Kenwood Blvd., Milwaukee, Wis. 1936
Breleth, Dr. F, S., 12 Court St., Concord, New Hampshire dae 1938
"3

Ewan, Joseph, Dept. of Biology, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder,
Colo. 1930

Fagley, Rev. Frederick L., 287 Fourth Ave., New York, N. Y. 1932
alter Oliver para ygle ox 265, Lake Linden, Miche pee 13
— a G. Russell, 2716 Wisconsin Ave. , N.W. , Washing-

1937

Featherly, H. i , Dept. of Botany, Oklahoma Agric. & Mech.
College, Stillwater, eee 1928

Finegan, bole eer E. (Grace B.), Richmondville,
Schoharie Co. Y. 1925
Fleischman, Grace Cole 227 North 8th Street, Corvallis, Ore. 1934
Flet 5 ee DD remerton, Was 1899
Flowers Seville, Tate of Utah, Salt ake City, Utah... 1938
oyd, Frederic Gillan, Sierra Madre, Calif. 1897

at Mrs. ‘secon C., 119 East 40th St., New York, N. Y. 1925
Ford, wey T., 551 Fricke Court, Santa Barbara Ave., Los

Angeles, Calif. 1937
Frazee, vee L., 67 East 4th St., Cliftom, Ne Fe ncccesmecmennse 1930
erage 83 sp we East 16th St., New York, N. Y. .......... 1928

Gib 7 Cumberland Ave. is Chevy Chase, Md. 1938
Gilbert, Charles C., 931 StahIman Bldg., Nashville, Tenn. ..... 1936
oodal ze f. Alfr ed 8., Dept. of Botany, Amherst College,

A shar , Mass. 1921
eae Dr. pts Harmount, 1000 Washington Ave., Brook- -

Green, , Forrest K., 912 Philadelphia, Memphis, Tenn. ......
tGreene, F. Geological Survey, Box 138, Rolla, Mo. .
y J

Griffeth, Mrs. C. P., 41 Lake View Park, Pg ee: rN.

Groff, Miss Mary E., Charles Road, R. D 6 laacnaee. Penna, 1933
Grout, Dr. Abel Joel, Man TA ae a 0
pees C. L., 31 East Main St., Fleetwood, Penna, «0-0» 07

Haa ida
Hall, Miss feces L., 103 n St., Brooklyn, N. ¥
Ha

Hallenbeck, Esly, 14 Washington Rd., Scotia, 2 N.
Halsey, Miss Alice, 29 East 29th St., New Y
Harper, Prof. Robert Almer, Columbia Dateersits, Ne York,

ALE 913
Hartline, Mrs. D. S., East 4th & Spruce Streets, —- oe
Hartwell, Mrs. Florence ve Pi ssgsy Vernet ane eeneineeeennnenemenenrne 1937

Hayes, Mrs. Edwin A., 466 Elm Street, New Haven, Conn. 1934
Hazen, Dr. Tracy Elliot, "Columbia University, New York,
Hermann , Dr. F. J, Div. Pl. Expl. & Intro., Dept. of Agri-

ulture, Washington, D. C. 1935

aby ef Lincoln, 77 Roseville Ave., Newark, N. Je cece

3S
by
oh
BS
a
ye
Be
RM
oy
D
2
he
i)
cS
hy
Qu
~
=]

19
Hopkins, Prof. Lewis S., Culver- Brockton Coleg Canton, Mo.
House, Dr. H. 2 hee catio n Bidg., Alb Mis icadatna tear’ 191

Howard, Mrs. 137 Monticello hae gece Md.
Hum umphrey, Goss Beaute. 19 ‘Hyatt St. Staten Island,

Hunnewell, Francis Welles, Washington St., Wellesley, Mass.

Hutchinson, Mrs . Susan W., 724 South Orange Drive, ee
ok s, Ca

Hyde, Say Cae R., 242 Henry St., Brooklyn, N. Y. ..........

J ehlen, C. F., 12A Madeline Parkway, Yonkers, N. Y. ........... 19
Jennings, Dr. Otto Emery, Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh,
19

area

Ju s. Mary P., 14 Bruce Road, Upper Montclair, N. J.
19

dd, M
Jurica, Tiare S., St. Procopius College, ee ns

Kamm, Mrs. Si (Minnie W.), 365 Lake Shore Rd., Grosse
Pointe arms,

Mich.
ieee ol ra George H. (Ruth C.), North Road, Bedford, :
1

t Kidder, Nathaniel T., Milton, Mas
Killip, Ellsworth P, Saaittinomiad Institution, Washington,

Kimball, ‘Miss Laura F., 1515 L Ave., National City, San
Diego Co., Cali
- Miss N. B., 538 Locust Ave., Germantown, Phila-

Penna.
Kittredge, “Miss E. M., Vergennes, Vermont .-.ccc:cccccesncncnncn
Knappe Pispien a M. (Nellie C.), 2995 “Tildon St. N.W.,

nar
Knight, Wi 5 A: 175 Oneida St., St. Augustine, Fla. ........

Knobloch, Dr. Irvi ng W., Mo jarachic, via San Juan, Chihua-
,M oe

1932

1932

- 1936
19

933
Know oa ton, reg eperees eng eg acto cL ete 1911
Kobbé, Fre = Wy 2 TBS B k Ave., Sew: Sok. WY. et
Kriebel, R. Me St., Bedford, Whe 1933
Kull, Blaisde 1 ts ales Ave., New Brunswick, N. J. ........... 1935
Lawton, Dr. Elva, Hunter College, 2 Park Ave., New York, vue
Lee, Edward, Dept. of Botany, Univ. of California, Berkeley, nee
Leeds, thar X, 1025 Westview Ave., Germantown, Phila- sha

ROO, FORM ee es

Leonard Kdiey "C, Smithsonian Institution, —— ‘ee
Lewis, er, Charles 8., Kinderhook, Nu Wo ons 1917
Lewis, Clarence McK., 100 00 Park Ave., New York, N. Y. ..... 1935

ai Sai William Fisher, 2nd., 108 Bank St., altel -

5

eee eS Miss Amy A., 432 Wayland Ave., Providence,

cola Dr. Rebecea C., 122 West Main St., Moorestown,
Se =

C. M., 47 ges St., Fitchburg, Mass, 2 ce

Lite
Lit Ethert is Jr., x17 00, Wiagetall “Ariz, oo ees 1
Loe

eens college, 916 Gime St., Hunt-

ABE | In -'
Logue, Dr. Everett G., First National Bank Bldg., Williams-
por nna.
Lombard, Dr. Robert H., 28 Indian Hill Rd., Worcester, Mass.

Tangs Bayard, 250 Ashbourne Rd., Elkins Park, Philadelphia,
19

a1
eNeely “Gualterio, oe 5542, Santiago, Chile ees 1928
Lott, Mrs as C, 8 8. W. 234 St., Miami, Florida 1935
tLowe , Mrs. Frank te eee a #)s 104 Neal ats Portland, “Me. 1917
a ownes, A Albert ~ P.O. B Providence, Roilicwa as 1924
iet R., 28 B Bedticd Rd., Springfield oe 1937
pi De Barcid gives | P.O. Box 411, Honolulu, ea
McAvoy, -Miss Blanche, 108 West Ash St; Normai,! Wc .. 1920
MacCaskill, Allan, Jr., Coleraine, Victoria, Au Stralia econ 1925
McCoy, ge Thos. N., Prin. First Ward School, Catletts-
Les Ba 1934
McCut ae gt . 2, Downingtown, Penna. ..............-- 1938
MeFarlacd. Prot fea 7. , Dept. of Botany, ee of Ken-
tucky, , Ky. 1915
pate Miss Beano, Dept. of Biology, Univ. of Chatta-
a, Chattanooga, Tenn 1935

MeVaugh, Rogers, DIV. Pl. Explor. & Intro., Dept. of Agri-
ashin, D.C: 1934
ip i et Sallie 8. outh Egremont, Mass... .-:s:cccmce- 1934
Mansfiel d, Dr. William, College of Pharmacy, Albany, N. Y. 1922

tMarble, a ohn E., 1313 Garfield Ave., South Pa: sadn Dae :

Marcha A. H, Rangeley Park, Winchester, Mata. oo

Pa

arie- “Victorn, ’Prof., Univers ité de Montreal, Manian :

Can.
Mark, Miss Clara G., 270 South State St., Westerville, Ohio
Marsh, Mrs. Spencer 8., Midwood Terrace eC, mee « as

Marsh, paneer 8, iMidwoud Teves, Wola No 1
Masek, John, re Florida elec a! 19

is,
Mendelson, Dr. Walter, 639 Church Lane, Germantown, Phila-
de tee ci CERES a ME GH EOS LE TS ES

Me “Henry Wilson, East Hiram, Maine 0 ie
Miller. s. Lawrence K., 42 Br sis ary St, a Mass.
Mirick, pre Nellie, 239 East Walnut ae One N. Y..
Mitchell, Miss Gladys E., Box 95, Prin a C. -
iyaka, Dr. Kiichi, Dept. of Botany, Tokyo Imperial ‘Univ. i
Tokyo, Japan

6

1927
1910

1906
1934
. 1896
. 1936

. 1938

Molé, Mrs. Harvey E., Rowan Road, Summit, N. Je occu 1932

Monks, :

Monroe, Prof. Will =e “RD. 1, Waterbury, Vermont. ............... 1923

Moore, ’Prof. Dwight M., Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetioville.
Ark

Moore, Dr. George T., Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis,
Mo.

, Mrs » Oy B.,; Box 1176, hig a oh South Africa ...... 1916
Mottin Dr. David M., Indiana Uni y, Bloomington, oor 1911
unz, Prof. Philip A, 1165 Tea Thi Blvd., Claremont,

Cal 1

N siete oct 1719 Washington Ave., New York, N. Y. ..... 1937

New , Chau y Ja — Alstead, N. H. 1902

ei Noyes " Miss ania Elsie, 912 Paton Ave., Norfolk, fh 1893
n, Mrs, Harriet 3. "441 Beverly Ave., "San Lean
if:

935

Ogden, Mrs, E. C., 22 University Place, Orono, Maine ......... 1937

Oliphant, Roy L., 98 Gl en Ave,, Oakland, Catt. oo 7 1930
smun, Prof. Albert Vincent, Massachusetts State College,

Amherst, Mass. 1901

oe 2, 131-15 140th St., South Ozone Park, New ae

2

Otis, He C., 4320 First Ave., N. E., enry nay hilo aeceiae 1921

Otis, Mabel H., 815 Fifth Ave. Bldg., Moline, II. ....... 1933
Ottley, Prof. Alice Dept. of bt *Wellealcy Collage

ellesley, Mass. 1930

Palmer, Dr. Ernest J., 1090 Center St., Jamaica Plain, og 1909
Sigal , Dr. Theo . Sherman, 1939 Biltmore St., N.W., Wash

ington n, D.C,

Park, Mrs. ’ Franklin A., 812 Park Ave., New tai N.Y... 1985
Parks a, HOB, BD. 1, Box 368, San Antonio, T 19.
Peterson, oo Bic, RD. 3, ee 84, Miami, Flor aa

Ernest A., n, Wis eae
Phai ie Gece is oa East 19th St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 1916
Pickett, Prof. Ferm - Layton, State College of Washington, :

ullman ash
Pond, Bremer Whidden n, 5 Boylston St., Cambridge, Mass. ..... 1910
Porter, Mrs. Fred, 1503 Chamberlain, Chattanooga, Tenn. .... 1937
Porter, Miss May N., 11 Greenridge Ave., White Plains,

a Sas aa 29
Pretz, Harold W., 123 South 17th St., Allentown, Penna. ....... 1909
Pro ctor, George R., Marietta College, Marietta, Ohio ............- 1938
Quinn, James J., Winchester, Vn 1929
Ransier, Hubert Earl, Manlius, N.Y. 0s 19
Renz, Dr. Herman A., 7717 North Pa St., Chisate, Tl

Ri Ha nnington, Vermont
Ridlon, Mrs. John, Rhuddlans-on-the-Cliff, Newport, R. I.
Rob esas Mrs. Carl T., 1626 Holyrood Rd., N.E., ualbeaeinee

7

Rooney, Mrs. Frank (Anna K.), 810 East 40th St., Brooklyn,

tRossberg, “William B., 44 Hawkins St., New Britain, Conn. .....

Rugg, Harold Goddard, Box 241, Dartmouth College, Han-
FON; 1

Rucsina. Mrs. F. G., 69 Arsdale Terrace, East Orange, N. J.

tRusk, Miss Hester M. , Brooklyn Botanie Garden, Brooklyn,
1

Ryan, Glen H., 392 Sinex Ave., Pacific Grove, Calif. ccc 1936
St. John, Edward, Floral City, Citrus Co., Florida 0.0 1934
St. John, Robert P., Floral City, Citrus Co. ig RORIGA. cn tok 1934
Sanfo hs rigs el Newton Folius, 234 Berkeley St., Boston,
1918
Scamman, 1 Mi iss Edith, 474 Portland Rd., Saco, Maine ............... 1937
Schaffner, Prof. John H., Ohio State Coane: ae,
Ohio 920
Schmidt, Miss ue 39 Ely Ave., West Springfield, Mass. 1937
Schuurman, J. A., 1103 Castle Bldg., 1410 Stanley St., Mon
treal, Can 34

ada
Seully, Dr. Francis J., 904 Medical Arts Bldg., Hot Springs,
Ark 19

Peale William Ei, fi Ded, grag oe Wgisan oc 1937
Segar, Miss Gladys s, 108 Midland A , Montelair, N. J. ..... 1937
Bor Miss Ruth, 233 eerie on eae Panna: owen: 1932
Sharpe, Dr. M. R., Txbridge, Maw. on i ete 1929
Shaver, Prof. J. M., Peabody Colle ege , Nashville, Tenn. ............ 1934
Shelar, Keller, State Teacher? College, Slippery iioek, Penna. 1935
Sin ingletary, Miss Mary L., Kissimee, Florida 00-00 1934
Slater, Mrs. Elsie, 516 Pros pect Ave., El Paso, Texas ............. 1938
Slater, hth = » Care Gulf Refining Co., P.O. Box 1166, Pitts- =
gmt, Dr. "Albert C., New York Botanical Garden, New York, oad
pe © Ewart G., 147 High Street, Christ Church, New Zea- ie
Smith, "Prof. pap G., Dept. of Botany, Smith College,
orthampton, ‘Mags, se ea 1933
Smith, Mrs, Frank C., ae. 32 Cedar St., Worcester, Mass. ..... 1931
Somerville, — Boog! 1015 Harrison St. , Superior, Wis. .. 1923
Soxman, G. M., 718 Haines Ave., Dallas, Texas cscccc00e-cnnmo 1935
Spahr, a Zit i, Te Farm, North a eet ne
aie William, 3730 MeKinley St. N.W. , Washington, D.C. 1936
Spicer, Wilmot oe) Hunter St., Glens Falls, Ny 1936
— tole C. eld Museum of Natural History, Chi-
Steagall ‘hiies Mary M., 808 So. Illinois Ave., Carbondale, Til. 1923
tearns, Mrs. H. B , Saranae Lake, Noy. ee 1923
Stoor, f = Willian . , Dept. of Botany, Univ. of Michigan, ve
OF, MCI. nine srinrninrnmnnttntennnenneirn st
liam N., "aa0 Nor Ba St., Milwaukee, Wis. ... 1916

Ste il, Dr. wits
pan nih Leonard. La, Brrelatel, ORG oc eccsecssessesnrentesenreensetiessnnemnteon
8

sere mae oo M. (Cloyd B.), 1360 East 58th St., Chi-

Stoddard Mrs Ralph, 156-26 Oak Ave., Flushing, L. I., N. Y.

Stone , Mi ss Edna L., 3216-44th St. N. W. , Washington, De ©:
19

Storey, Oliver W., 924 Gulf men Wheaton, I drole niente:

oan Mrs. G. W., 1004-20th Ave., Altoona , Penn nance 19
Sve Dr, Henry K., Brooklyn Botanic Garddn: Brgokban.
r. Y, 19

Tanger, a Beir Y. (Louise F. A.), 318 No. President
ae

aster, 30
ety Aravilla M.,, Lake Erie College, apap ae Ohio... 1923
Tevicr, Lucian B., rm Street, Dover, Mass. ..cceccsecsssssnsenee 933
de oda Thos. M C., Dept. ‘of Botany, “Uety, of Toronto,
o, Canada 1932
tee im, "S..W A ‘Sage cite gh eres Seattle, Wash. ..... 1928
Thurston, Bayard ele 1937
illey, Trenor P., 1356 de Bice ty St, fare Mass. . . 2021
Topping, D. LeRoy, Box 2356, Honolulu, T. He oo occccmonne 1896
Tracy, H. H., Fullerton Union "High reuse Yulleion, soa 1931
Trudell, Harry W., 303 Highland Ave. Abin ington, Penna. 1919
Tryon, R. M., Jr., 5432 Woodlawn in, Chieago, 1 eR 1932
Turner, Mrs. H. M., 88 Barnet St., New Haven, Conn, . 1930
Upham, Alan W., East Woodstock, Conn 1926
Uphoff, Mrs. Emma, 88 Prospect St., Little Male, D0. F<. sicsernsie 1937
Van on Miss Mary G., 1757 K St., N.W., Washington, ee
thoes Mrs. Myron H., Chilmark, Mass. 1917
Ware, Robert Allison, 81 Pinckney St., Boston, Mass. ............ 1903
*Waters, Dr. Campbell E., 5812 Chevy Chase Parkway, Wash-

ington 1893
dae a C. A. (Una F.), 27 Raymond St., Cam-

bridge, Mass 1914
Wate Charles A., 27 Raymond tebe camtnees Mass. 1912
West, Russell, 113 Edge wood St., Whe ae . 1934
Wheeler, Leston Fee g R. BD, 2, Bet af ne Wes Nees ceria faa 1914

try, Dr. Edgar T., Univ. of Paonia obser cates

enna. . 1918
cl paar Vale Box 1022, Santa Barbara, Calif. .....-ccmccc-onn 1936

ney, . Elsie G., 342 New Scotland Ave., Albany, ian
Wiggins, ‘Tra L., Dudley Herbarium, Stanford University, -
Wiley, Miss Farida A., Museum of Natural Bete 77th St.

& Columbus Ave., New York, N. Y.. “ ~ 1927
Wilkens, Hans, 241 South 11th St., Reading, P 1927
Williams, Ernest C., 965 So. Mariposa ye go “Angeles, tier

WR i ie
es Miss eee, 89 North Main St., Spring Valley, sank

9

Wilson, Mrs. Millar, Fort George, Florida 1935
+ Wins snc Evelyn James, Chesterfield Rd., Brattleboro, Ver-

Woodelton, 7“ r Helen 8., 454 sad d his , Brooklyn, N. Y....... 1929
Wright, Miss Mary F., Am ler, 1925
Wright, S. Pred, 52 South emacs St, Orange, N. J. . 1926

Yang, Mrs. M. S. (Yang Chen Gin O), Ingtai, Foochow, China 1936
Young, John P., Ithaca, New York 1920

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VOLUME 28, PLATE 12

CYSTOPTERIS MONTANA, NorTH oF Hoosigr Pass, SumMMiT Co., CoLoRADo.

Amprican Hern Journal

Vou. 28 OcToOBER—DECEMBER, 1938 No. 4

Colorado Ferns’
Epaar T. WHERRY

During the Summer of 1937 the writer was invited to
teach field botany in Colorado, and took the opportunity
to make a survey of the ferns of the state, which have
never been specially written up. Before starting west,
the literature was abstracted, and lists were made of the
Specimens from Colorado preserved in several eastern
herbaria. During the trip those in the Rocky Mountain
Herbarium (Laramie, Wyoming), the State University
herbarium (Boulder), and the Colorado College herbar-
ium (Colorado Springs) were also listed.2 As many
localities as practicable were visited and collections made,
the specimens being placed in the herbarium of the Acad-
emy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

When Rydberg’s Flora of Colorado was published, in
1906, only 40 species of Pteridophytes were known in the

1 Contribution from the — Mountain —— Laboratory,
emg Crested Butte P.O., Gunnison Co., Colorado.

aie proved necessary in interpreting labe ome sheets
labe ‘‘Denver,’’ ‘Colorado Springs,’’ etc., ‘iene ferns which
obviously came from points several thousand feet higher than these
places, or many miles a way. Others have been seen bearing labels
on which is printed ‘‘ Flora of Colorado,’’ the attached plants repre-
Senting eastern species, and the data written in designating eastern
localities, Only reasonably trustworthy records are considered in
the present article.

[Volume 28, No. 3 of the JouRNAL, pages 81-124, plates 9-11, was
issued Sept. 17, 1938.]

125

ems CESS eae eee | i I { | Ht ar
SEDGWICK
IN
betuae JACKSO LARIMER oe PHILLIPS
ROUTT *
*
M.
N.Pys MORGAN
*
GRAND BOULDER WASHINGTON} YUMA [ba4o®
RIO BLANCO . . OR
_ {cite ADAMS
‘+ CLEAR] JEF- UD
j K| FER- ARAPAHOE
GLE SUM- CHEE
GARFIELD EA MrT SON
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DOUGLAS! ELBERT KIT CARSON
PITKIN — PARK ~
: LIN- Beg
TEL. COLN
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CHAFFEE *
GUNNISON
a be *
MONTROSE FREMONT KIOWA
: e CROWLEY
y Se PUEBLO
SAGUACHE ui ge?
SAN MIGUEL . ; *
a sie BENT PROWERS
SAN \DALE
DOLORES JUAN wri r HUERFANO
* BRAL RTO GRAND! ALAMOSA
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MONTEZUMA LAS ANIMAS BACA
LA PLATA COSTILLA
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108° 107° 10 105° 104° 103°
Fic. 1. Counry Map or Gonorapo.

.

CoLorApo Ferns 127

state, and the author commented on the smallness of this
number. Subsequent studies have raised the total to at
least 56, although Colorado is far from being ‘‘ferny,’’
and one can travel there for a hundred miles without see-
ing any of these plants except perhaps an ELquisetum
(£. arvense in the uplands, EZ. kansanum on the plains) ;
or can climb 5000 feet and encounter only Cystopteris
fragilis. Discussions of the species and varieties now
known here are presented below, in alphabetical sequence.
For simplicity the ranges are mostly stated by counties,
the map on the opposite page showing the positions of
these. Stations where especially notable collections of
Pteridophytes have been made are indicated on this map
by asterisks (*).

ADIANTUM CAPILLUS-VENERIS.—The Southern Maiden-
hair, which grows in moist calcareous situations through-
out the world’s subtropics, enters Colorado from the
southwest, and is known from two stations 100 miles
apart. As recorded by Durand? it was at one time abun-
dant in the Box Canyon at Ouray; the flood of 1929
largely destroyed this colony, and in 1937 but one small
plant could be found. The other station is at Cliff Palace
Springs on the Dolores River 35 miles northwest of Na-
turita, in Montrose Co. (R.M.H.). In Rydberg’s Flora
of the Prairies and Plains (1932), Adiantum modestum
is attributed to southern Colorado, but this supposed spe-
cies is only a minor variant of the Southern Maidenhair,
and does not grow in the prairie portions of the state.

ASPLENIUM ADIANTUM-NIGRUM.—This circumboreal
fern was discovered along Boulder Creek 10 miles north-
east of Boulder by Mr. Darwin M. Andrews, and named
Asplenium andrewsii by A. Nelson ;* its real identity was
Pointed out by Maxon.® Mr. Andrews kindly took me to
———

* Field-book of Common Ferns: 96. 1928.

4 Proe. Biol. Soc. Wash. 17: 174. 1904.

5 Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 16:1. 1912.

128 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

the locality in 1937, but successive droughts had reduced
the colony to a few small clumps high on an inaccessible
sandstone cliff. The species has been found in North
America in but two other places, Zion National Park,
Utah (U.S.N.H.), and northern Arizona (report, not
authenticated by specimens), and Marion Co., Florida.

ASPLENIUM PLATYNEURON.—One of the few eastern
ferns which enter Colorado. It is attributed to Baca and
Pueblo cos., and specimens from the former have been
identified by Dr. Maxon.

ASPLENIUM SEPTENTRIONALE.—A cirecumboreal species,
known in Colorado at 15 stations, from the Wyoming line
in Jackson to Ouray (found in the Box Canyon in 1937)
and to Baca eos. It grows in dry crevices of granite and
sandstone, in subacid soil.

ASPLENIUM TRICHOMANES.—Circumboreal, but rare in
our western states. Grows in sheltered crevices of gran-
ite and sandstone at 10 stations in Colorado, from Jack-
son to Fremont cos.

ASPLENIUM VIRIDE.—AIso cireumboreal, but requiring
still cooler conditions than the preceding, as well as more
caleareous soils. Reported by Rydberg (Flora Colo.,
1906) without locality. Three stations are now known:
at 10,750 feet 2 miles northeast of Gothic, Gunnison Co. ;
at 11,900 feet in the Ice Lake Basin west of Silverton,
San Juan Co. (C.C.herb.) ; and at 10,000 feet on south
side of Lewis Creek, La Plata Mts., La Plata Co.
(U.S.N.H.).

ATHYRIUM AMERICANUM.—This west-American repre-
sentative of the cireumboreal A. alpestre is a cool-cli-
mate rock-slide plant. It is known in Colorado at 7 sta-
tions above 10,000 feet, Larimer to Gilpin cos.

ATHYRIUM ANGUSTUM var, RUBELLUM.—Along a brook
8 miles southwest of Sedalia, Douglas Co., Mrs. Claire
Norton showed me a colony of a lady-fern which unex-

CoLoRADO FERNS 129

pectedly proved to have the horizontal rootstock and
long, obscurely ciliate indusia of this northeastern plant,
not previously known beyond the Black Hills of South
Dakota.

ATHYRIUM FILIX-FEMINA—The circumboreal Lady-
fern oceurs at 15 stations in Colorado from 11,000 down
to 6000 feet, Larimer south to Mineral and El Paso cos.

ATHYRIUM FILIX-FEMINA var. CALIFORNICUM.—This
west-American endemic, characterized by its dark scales
and large, blackish-reticulate spores, has been collected at
two Colorado stations, one each in Montrose and Routt
cos. Search for it in 1937 proved unavailing.

BoTtRYCHIUM LANCEOLATUM.—The typical variety of
this cireumboreal grape-fern is known at 10 stations in
Colorado, from 12,000 to 8000 feet, Larimer to Chaffee
and El Paso cos. It grows in subacid soil on thinly
wooded gravelly slopes; none could be found in 1937 in
areas where in moister years it is said to have been abun-
dant.

BotrycHiuM LUNARIA.—Although morphologically like
the European and northeast American representatives of
this cireumboreal species, the Colorado plant is physio-
logically dissimilar in that it grows in non-calcareous,
acid soils. There are 15 records for the state, in the same
habitats and over much the same range as the next-pre-
ceding, except for extending west to Trappers Lake, Gar-
field Co. and (doubtfully) to Ouray, Ouray Co.

BoTryYcHIUM MATRICARIAEFOLIUM ssp. HESPERIUM.—The
Colorado representative of this cireumboreal species has
the leaves less toothed than the east-American one. It
is listed in Rydberg’s Flora of the Prairies and Plains,
but is not in these provinces in Colorado. Instead its 8
known Stations, Larimer to Gunnison and El Paso cos.,
are at altitudes of over 10,000 feet.

OTRYCHIUM MINGANENSE.—Material from Boulder

130 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

to Chaffee (and perhaps Ouray) cos., depen this
boreal-American species (or variety of B. unaria

BoTRYCHIUM MULTIFIDUM ssp. CoULTERI.—The circum-
boreal Leather Grape-fern is represented from Colorado
only by a specimen of ae subspecies from Steamboat
Springs, Routt Co. (U.C.herb.).

BoTRYCHIUM SIMPLEX var. CORDATUM (TYPICUM).—
Another circumboreal, cool-climate species misleadingly
attributed by Rydberg to the Prairies and Plains of Colo-
rado. Material from high altitudes in Gilpin Co. and on
Pikes Peak, El Paso Co., represents the original variety
and in part also var. compositum.

BOTRYCHIUM VIRGINIANUM var. EUROPAEUM.—The com-
mon east-American variety of this cireumboreal species
is not known in Colorado, but the rarer European one
has been found at 5 stations, from Boulder to Custer eos.
In 1937 it was collected in moist minimacid soil on a
steep wooded slope just southeast of Green Mountain
Falls, El] Paso Co

CHEILANTHES EATONI.—A _ southwest-upland species,
segregated from C. tomentosa on the basis of bearing lan-
ceolate scales as well as woolly hairs. It grows in crevices
under granite and sandstone rocks at 7 known stations
from Baca up to Custer, Fremont, and El Paso cos.

CHEILANTHES FEEIL—This widespread west-midland
species occurs in many parts of Colorado, though rarely
above 8000 feet. It grows in circumneutral soils in dry
erevices in cliffs of limestone and porous igneous rocks.

CHEILANTHES FENDLERL—A southwestern fern, with
fronds bearing sparse brown scales but lacking wool. It
is known at 15 foothill stations from Fremont to El Paso
and north to Larimer Co., on shaded ledges of granite
and sandstone.

CHEILANTHES WOOTONIL—This densely ciliate-scaly
southwestern species grows in Cimarron Co., Oklahoma,

CoLoRADO FERNS 131

and follows sandstone ledges into Baca and Prowers cos.,
Colorado.

CRYPTOGRAMMA CRISPA var. ACROSTICHOIDES.—The
American representative of this cireumboreal species is
one of Colorado’s commoner high-altitude ferns. It is
known from Routt to Larimer, south to Montezuma and
Huerfano cos., in subacid soil on cliffs and rock-slides,
down to about 8000 feet.

CRYPTOGRAMMA STELLERI.—While likewise cireumbo-
real, this Rockbrake requires cooler, moister, and limier
conditions than its relative, and is one of the state’s rari-

ies. The 5 known stations are: below Breckenridge,
Summit Co.; northeast of Gothic, Gunnison Co.; west of
Ouray, Ouray Co.; La Plata Falls and Lewis Creek,
La Plata Co.

CYSTOPTERIS FRAGILIS var. GENUINA.—The variety of
this world-wide species which is well-known in Europe is
confined to the more northern portions of eastern North
America, but is the commonest fern in Colorado. It oc-
curs on and around rocks of every description, whenever
there is a moderate amount of moisture available. In
Sunny situations it may be but 5 em. tall and 1.5 cm.
wide, but in damp shady places becomes up to 6 times as
large. Though correspondingly varying markedly in as-
pect, it uniformly exhibits the characteristic features of
long rootstock with blunt mass of frond-buds at the tip,
brown stipe, glabrous rachis, and ovate indusium with
fringy tip.

CYsTopreriIs MONTANA.—In marked contrast with the
Preceding, this circumboreal brittle-fern has but two

nown stations in Colorado. It was collected by Brande-
gee many years ago at 10,500 feet on a ‘‘Chrysolite Moun-
tain” near Mt. Antero, Chaffee Co., but this locality is
now unidentifiable. In 1937 Mrs. G. R. Marriage found a
colony north of Hoosier Pass in Summit Co., where the

132 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

photograph reproduced in Plate 12 was taken by the
writer. It grows in subacid soil over rocks beneath which
icy water continually trickles, on a thinly wooded, steep,
north-facing slope at 10,900 feet. The only other known
station in the United States is in Glacier National Park,
about 800 miles away.

DRYOPTERIS DILATATA.—Reports of D. spinulosa from
Colorado really refer to this cireumboreal species, as eVi-
denced by a specimen from Dream Lake at 10,000 feet, in
Rocky Mt. National Park (R.M.H.). It apparently does
not extend south of Larimer Co.

DRYOPTERIS FILIX-Mas.—Morphologically our western
representative of this cireumboreal fern seems identical
with the northeastern one, but physiologically there is a
difference: the more eastern plant prefers limy soil and
cool Summer temperature, while the western one thrives
in subacid soils under moderately warm climatic condi-
tions. The Colorado form can be successfully grown in
gardens far beyond its native region, and has been sought
out and largely exterminated here by dealers in native
plants. Herbarium records show it to have formerly
ranged from Jackson and Larimer south to Ouray, Min-
eral, and El Paso cos., and even to Cimarron Co., Okla-
homa.

EQUISETUM ARVENSE.—This cireumboreal Horsetail is
the most abundant Pteridophyte in Colorado. It grows
in profusion through the mountains, along streams, in
meadows and swamps, also invading ditches, road and
railroad banks, and waste places generally. In response
to different environmental conditions it takes on various
forms, some of which may be mistaken for other species:
An aquatic form found in Meridian Lake, Gunnison Co.;
has stems 20 or 30 em. tall, with scattered green ascend-
ing branches and terminal cones maturing the spores 0
early August.

CoLoraDo FERNS 133

EQUISETUM HYEMALE (typical variety)—A few her-
barium specimens from Larimer to Grand and to Douglas
counties seemingly represent this circumboreal species.

EQUISETUM KANSANUM.—This widespread west-Ameri-
can species, characterized by the blunt cone, is common
in the lower-altitude portions of Colorado. It grows
typically in damp depressions in prairies, but also in-
vades ditches and road banks.

EQUISETUM LAEVIGATUM.—Many reports of this, an-
other west-American plant, refer to the next-preceding
Species, but 5 specimens seen, from Larimer to El Paso
cos., have the more slender stems and apiculate cone of
the present one.

EQuisetumM prEaLTUM.—Although this is the most
Widespread of the unbranched species in the United
States, it is rare in Colorado, there being but 8 records,
from Boulder to Mesa and Huerfano cos. It grows in
circumneutral soil along wooded stream-bauks.

EQUISETUM VARIEGATUM.—A circumboreal species, pre-
viously known from 5 stations, Boulder to Alamosa cos.
In 1937 it was found in moist circumneutral soil along
East River at Gothic, Gunnison Co. (See remarks on E.
nelsoni, below.)

IsoETES BOLANDERI.—A northwest-American endemic,
Which has been collected in 7 ponds or lakes at 9000 to
11,000 feet from Routt-to Boulder, Garfield, and Gunni-
son cos. At the head of Glacier Lake, Boulder Co., it
was found to be submerged early in the season, but by
August became emersed, the leaves then being thicker
and more twisted so that the tufts had a markedly differ-
ent aspect.

IsonrErs BRAUNIL.—The American representative of the
circumboreal J. echinospora is common in our eastern
States, but very rare westward. Dr. Norma E. Pfeiffer
has recognized it in a collection from Seven Lakes, El
Paso Co., at 11,500 feet.

134 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

ISOETES OCCIDENTALIS.—This northwestern endemic,
also known as I. paupercula, has likewise been found but
once in the state, in Grand Lake, Grand Co., at 8150
feet.

LycopopIUM ANNOTINUM.—The circumboreal Bristly
Clubmoss has been collected at 20 stations from Jackson
and Larimer down to Ouray, Gunnison, and Chaffee cos.,
from 11,000 to 9000 feet. It grows in subacid soil on
hummocks of humus in moist spruce forests. Some of
the strobili remain in an immature condition over winter,
and shed their spores the following Spring.

LycopopruM sELAGO.—The only other Clubmoss in the
state, likewise circumboreal, is much rarer, being re-
corded from but 5 high-altitude cliffs, Larimer to Clear
Creek cos. The southernmost known occurrence is on
Gray’s Peak (U.C.herb.).

MarsILEA VESTITA.—This widespread western Four-leaf
Fern grows in circumneutral muddy hollows in grass-
land, and has been collected at 7 stations in Colorado,
from Saguache and El Paso up to Boulder and Weld cos.

NoTHOLAENA FENDLERI.—One of the state’s commoner
ferns, locally abundant in dry crevices of all sorts of
rocks at moderate elevations. It is a southwestern up-
land species, and has been collected in many counties,
from Montrose to Rio Grande and Huerfano, north to
Grand and Larimer.

NOTHOLAENA STANDLEYI—Another southwestern-up-
land fern, characterized by its yellow-backed ternate
fronds. It grows on dry south-facing sandstone ledges,
extending from Cimarron Co., Oklahoma, into Baca Co.,
Colorado. In dry weather its fronds roll up into clusters
of yellow globules.

ELLAEA ATROPURPUREA.—The Hairy Cliffbrake, chiefly
a midland and eastern species, extends sporadically into
the Rocky Mountain region. There are four Colorado

CoLORADO FERNS 135

records: Paradox, Montrose Co.; Box Canyon, Ouray
Co.; and South Cheyenne Canyon and Glen Eyrie, El
Paso Co. Here as elsewhere it grows on limestone or
calcareous phases of other rocks.

PELLAEA GLABELLA var. OCCIDENTALIS.—Smooth Cliff-
brake, a north-midland species, is represented by a small
variety at Loma, Rio Grande Co., as discussed by Maxon.*®
Search for it in 1937 was unsuccessful.

PELLAEA LONGIMUCRONATA.—This bipinnate south-
western-upland Cliffbrake has usually been recorded as
P. wrightiana, but the real identity of the Colorado plant
was pointed out by Maxon.’ It is known here only along
the Arkansas River in Fremont Co. In 1937 a single
small plant was found near the north end of the Royal
Gorge bridge, in a sunny crevice in granitic rock.

PHEGOPTERIS DRYOPTERIS.—A circumboreal plant, found
at 10 stations from Larimer south to Park and El Paso
cos. It grows in moderately acid, humus-rich soils from
11,000 down to 8000 feet.

PoLYPopDIUM HESPERIUM.—A west-American represen-
tative of the cireumboreal P. vulgare, often placed under
it as var. columbianum. It grows in subacid soil in damp
crevices of granite and other firm siliceous rocks, and has
been collected in 15 places in Colorado, from Larimer

own to Ouray and Huerfano cos.

PoLysticHuM LONcHITIS.—This cireumboreal Holly-
fern, rare in northeastern North America, is more fre-
quent in the west, and has been found at 12 Colorado
Stations, from Routt to Larimer and south to Montezuma
and Gunnison cos. It grows in slightly acid soil on cool
moist cliffs and shaded rock-slides at 12,000 down to 8000
feet altitude,

PTERIDIUM AQUILINUM var. LANUGINOSUM.—The west-
American representative of the wide-ranging Bracken,

6 This JourNaL 8: 91. 1918.

7 Proc. Biol. Soe. Wash. 30: 182. 1917.

136 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

with pubescent, ovate fronds and ciliate indusia seems
to be rare in this state. Material corresponding more or
less to this characterization has been seen from a few
places, Routt to Boulder and down to Montrose, Archu-
leta, and El Paso cos.

PTERIDIUM LATIUSCULUM.—From the preceding, the
eastern Bracken is considered to differ in having glabrate
deltoid fronds and non-ciliate indusia, although there
are more or less pubescent forms. Specimens from at
least 15 places in Colorado, Larimer to Routt and south
to El Paso, Archuleta, and Montrose cos., appear to be-
long here. The relations between these two Brackens
need further study, for their intergradation in this re-
gion is so marked as to cast doubt on their specific dis-
tinctness.

SELAGINELLA DENSA.2—This Spike-moss, a moderate-
altitude Rocky Mountain species, is characterized by the
conspicuous long white awns and elongate strobili. In
1937 special attention was given to this group of plants,
and the present one proved to be the commonest in Col-
orado. It grows on rocky and gravelly slopes from 5000
to 10,000 or rarely 12,000 feet, the soil reaction being
most often subacid. The known range is from Moffatt
to Larimer and south to San Juan, Costilla, and El Paso
cos.

SELAGINELLA MUTICA.—A southwestern-upland plant,
with obtusish awnless leaves, forming sheets and festoons
on dry cliffs of both igneous and sedimentary rocks, ¢it-
cumneutral in reaction. It is known at 20 stations in
the state, from 7000 to 13,000 feet, Montrose to Fremont
and north to Clear Creek and Larimer cos.

SELAGINELLA SCOPULORUM.—This western-alpine species
differs from S. densa in having shorter awns into which

8 Identifications in this genus were kindly checked by Dr. William
R. Maxon.

CoLoRADO FERNS 137

the leaves taper. It grows in circumneutral soil on
various types of rock, from 13,000 down to 10,000 or
exceptionally 8000 feet. Collections have been made at
2 or 3 stations each in Garfield, Gunnison, and El Paso
cos.

SELAGINELLA STANDLEYI.—A Rocky Mountain alpine
endemic, forming mats in circumneutral gravelly soil at
14,000 to about 11,000 feet. The obtusish leaves are
abruptly tipped with dull, moderately long awns, and
the whole plant tends to have a bronzy hue. It was first
found in Colorado on Pikes Peak, El Paso Co., and in
1937 turned up also in Routt and Gunnison.

SELAGINELLA UNDERWOOpI. (formerly known as S.
rupestris var. fendleri).—The last Spike-moss in the list
is a southwestern-upland plant which forms tufts, fes-
toons and sheets on all sorts of rocks, the reaction rang-
ing from minimalkaline to subacid. It varies consider-
ably in aspect, the leaves spreading widely on young
Shoots but becoming appressed on older ones; in exposed
situations the branches are numerous and crowded, while
in sheltered places the growth is vine-like and the
branches are remote. Throughout these habital varia-
tions, it retains the characteristic features of moderately
long white awns and brilliant deep green color of the
leaves. In Colorado it is fairly common, from Ouray to
Baca and north to Jackson and Larimer cos.

Woopsta oREGANA, variety—One of the commonest
ferns in this state is a small Cliff-fern which grows in
damp to rather dry circumneutral soil on rocks and rock-
slides. It ranges from 11,500 down to 4500 feet, and
has been collected from Larimer to Montrose, Rio
Grande, and Baca cos. It is obviously related to Wood-
sia oregana, but differs from the typical phase of that
in being consistently and often rather densely glandu-
lar, as in W. cathcartiana, as well as in a tendency to-

138 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

ward thickened margins, in which respect it approaches
W. mexicana. Detailed study of a large series of speci-
mens will be necessary before its relationship can be
established, so no attempt is here made to assign it a
name.

Woopsta scopunina—A northern North American
fern, which extends south both in the eastern and west-
ern mountains, though far more frequent in the latter.
It differs from the next-preceding in bearing rather nu-
merous long septate hairs, and in preferring subacid soil,
growing mostly in crevices of granite and other firm,
siliceous rocks. In Colorado, where the species was first
recognized, it ranges from 11,000 down to 5000 feet, and
from Larimer to Archuleta and Pueblo cos.

DOUBTFUL OR ERRONEOUS RECORDS

Equisetum pratense——While this species is circum-
boreal, there is no evidence that it extends south of the
Canadian Rocky Mountains in western North America.
Every specimen so labelled from Colorado and neighbor-
ing states, including those on which published reports
by Porter and by Rydberg were based, has proved on
critical examination to represent E. arvense.

Equisetum variegatum var. nelsoni—Material from
Alamosa and Boulder cos. tentatively referred to the
typical phase of E. variegatum approaches the variety
or possibly independent species known as nelsoni. It
deserves further study.

Pellaea breweri.—A far-western Cliff-brake, with more
or less mitten-shaped pinnae. It has been reported suc-
cessively by Jones (Ferns of the West, 1882), Rydberg
(Flora Colo., 1906), and Ashton (Plts. R. M. N. 1 ge
1933) yet in no case has a definite locality been assigned
or a specimen preserved, so that its occurrence in ol-
orado is questionable.

COLORADO FERNS 139

Pellaea wrightiana.—As above noted, reports of this
species in Fremont Co. refer to another, which should
bear the name P. longimucronata. However, true P.
wrightiana occurs in Cimarron Co., Oklahoma, within a
few miles of the Colorado line, and will no doubt be
found in Baca Co. some day.

Selaginella rupestris—The plant formerly listed un-
der this name, or as a var. fendleri, is now regarded as
the distinct species S. underwoodii.

Selaginella selaginoides——This cireumboreal member
of the genus was reported by Rydberg (1906) from an
undesignated station. No specimens appear to have
been preserved, however, and its occurrence here seems
improbable.

Selaginella wallacei—Specimens from El Paso County
supposed to represent this northwestern species appear
to be one of the phases of S. wnderwoodii instead.

Woodsia mexicana.—This southwestern-upland species,
characterized by thick, divergently-toothed margins and
conspicuous indusium-segments, was reported by Ryd-
berg (1906) from several Colorado stations. All the
specimens in herbaria which he so annotated, however,
represent phases of W. oregana.

GEOGRAPHIC RELATIONS
The 56 ferns and fern-allies definitely known in Col-
orado can be divided from the geographic standpoint
into two main groups, a cool-climate or northern, and
a mild-climate or southern one. These are further sub-
divisible as follows:

Cool-climate Group
Cireumboreal plants growing also in Eurasia...» 23
Northern North caer Gerivatives 26000 8
Rocky Mountain endemies ..0.....cc.-ccsinennmnnnesinennmnnen 2

*

140 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Mild-climate Group

sen es a sana plants 9
Paeifie-slope plants 4
Midland or fou plant 5
Widespread species of ares North America 03... 5

The members of the first group occur in the state
chiefly at high elevations, and evidently came in from the
north along the Rocky Mountain chain in pre-Glacial
times. Those of the second have come in chiefly along
river valleys at relatively low elevations. About 20 of
the cool-climate species reach a southern limit here, being
so far as known lacking in New Mexico. Of the mild-
climate ones, 6 reach a northern, 4 an eastern, and one a
western limit in Colorado.

PHILADELPHIA, Pa.

Notes on American Ferns—XXII
WILLIAM R. Maxon

CyYsTOPTERIS BULBIFERA (L.) Bernh.—Although this
wide-ranging species has been known to extend south-
westward to Utah and central Arizona, it has not here-
tofore been reported from New Mexico. Specimens from
that state were recently brought to the National Her-
barium by Mr. Leslie N. Goodding, who collected them at
Gray’s Ranch, in the Guadeloupe Mountains, Aug. 2%,
1937. Several plants were gathered. The fronds are
about 40 em. long and are freely bulbiferous.

ASPLENIUM ExIGUUM Bedd.—Of greater interest is Mr.
Goodding’s rediscovery of this very rare species in Ari-
zona, his specimens being from a new loeality—Syca-
more Canyon, five miles south of Ruby, Santa Cruz
County, Sept. 22, 1937. The only other Arizona mate-

1 Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian
Institution.

Notes oN AMERICAN FernNs—X XII 141

rial known to me is Lemmon’s historic collection of
August, 1882, in Conservatory Canyon, Huachuca Moun-
tains, Cochise County. This was originally distributed
as a ‘‘variety’’ of Asplenium fontanum and has usually
since been called A. Glenniei Baker, a Mexican species.
But A. Glenniei, of which half a dozen Mexican speci-
mens are at hand, is apparently not to be distinguished .
from A. exiguum Bedd., of China and the Himalaya.
This is the conclusion reached long ago by Hope,? who
went into the question thoroughly. Like the material
previously collected, Mr. Goodding’s specimens are pro-
liferous and radicant at the attenuate tip of the blades,
in one instance giving rise to a young plant about 1 em.
high. The curious geographic distribution of A. ez-
iguum is not quite unique among the ferns, being almost
exactly matched by that of Ceterach Dalhousiae (Hook.)
C. Chr., though the latter species has yet to be reported
from Mexico.

ulatae, infimae oppositae, breves, 1.5-2 cm. remotae,

rotundatae, superiores alternae, gradatim minores, su-
Premae minutae sed omnes liberae; sori crebri, anguste
lineares,

Fronds several, suberect, 18-27 cm. long, the stipes
Short (3.5-5 em. long), about 1 mm. thick, terete, dark
chestnut-brown, polished ; blades linear, simply pinnate,
15-22 em. long, up to 1.8 em. broad at middle, the rachis
Se eeens

2**Note on Asplenium Glenniei Baker, in Synopsis Filicum, 2d
Ed. p. 488,’ Bull. Torrey Club 26: 58-62.

142 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

polished, sparingly fibrillose, grooved in front, with 2
low ridges; pinnae 20-25 pairs, horizontal or slightly de-
flexed, distant, mostly rounded-triangular, evenly den-
ticulate, the lowest 1 or 2 pairs opposite, short, 1.5-2 em.
apart, the bay ones subopposite or mostly alternate,
6-9 mm. long, 5-8 mm. broad, truncate or very broadly
cuneate the broad base, rounded at apex, the upper
ones alternate, gradually reduced, the uppermost minute,

ree ; sori numerous, close, narrowly linear, approach-
ing the midrib, sporangia few.

Type e U. S. National a, no. 1,487,952,
slieciea pei roots’? at Potomac Run, Alexandria
Co., Virginia, on bluffs of the Paracas River, July 8,
1884, by William Palmer

The specimen above deaecibed belonged to the private
herbarium of William Palmer, by him bequeathed to the
U. S. National Museum, and is matched by no other
material in the National Herbarium. Though originally
labelled Asplenium Trichomanes, it was subsequently an-
notated by Mr. Palmer as ‘‘evidently a hybrid between
Asplenium Trichomanes and Asplenium platyneuron.’
Recent study wholly supports this opinion.

Asplenium mixtum stands almost exactly midway be-
tween its parents, as might be expected. In stature it
approaches A. platyneuron, as also in its stout, evenly
terete, somewhat hollow stipes and its fibrillose rachis;
in A. Trichomanes the darker and more slender stipe 1s
definitely ridged laterally and the wiry rachis bears 4
pronounced scarious ‘‘fiange’’ at either side above. It
may be added that the stipe shows two fibrovascular
bundles at the extreme base, these soon becoming fused,
as in A. platyneuron; in A. Trichomanes the stipe has 4
single bundle throughout. In its spaced-out pinnae—
the lower ones opposite, and all of them free, even to the
minute uppermost ones—it resembles A. Trichomanes,
and departs widely from A. platyneuron; in the latter
they are all alternate and the upper ones are joined in 4
pinnatifid apex.

VOLUME 28, PLATE 13

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

- N

w

_——

“a

|
|

PTERIOPHY IA VORGINLA
Hamann or WHR Pe nee

Svvetemtly om hy brad bohoren * :
Dapelintinn Tetrdosoniins Ashlin brcchemanss
x Potimne Rum. Poti pe lupy
Eh sfobrmtiorm felesly ms seven ermmaney reed Oe lise foe
oe laff Neely 8 eh
Weereh wt

xX ASPLENIUM MIXTUM MAXON.

144 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

In the shape of its pinnae A. mixtum is truly inter-
mediate, for whereas in A. platynewron these are linear
to linear-oblong or elliptical from a cordate, auriculate or
subhastate base, which overlies the rachis (often widely
so), and in A. Trichomanes are roundish-oval or oblong
from a narrowly cuneate base, in the hybrid they are
triangular, with a truncate or very bluntly cuneate base,
which merely lies close to the rachis. Also the margins
are evenly denticulate, being thus intermediate between
the undulate-crenate or lightly bicrenate margins of A.
Trichomanes and the serrate, biserrate, or variously in-
_ eised condition shown by A. platyneuron. Furthermore,
although the indusia are ample and perfectly formed,
the fronds having been collected at the season of normal
maturity, the sporangia are very few, nevertheless, and
are apparently abortive.

The hybrid origin of A. miztum seems to me beyond
question.

Wasuineton, D. C.

Pteridophytes of Sierra Ancha, Arizona
Expert L. Lirtre, JR.*

Specimens of 28 species of pteridophytes and 1 addi-
tional variety, including 24 species of true ferns and 4
species of fern allies, were collected on Sierra Ancha, Atl
zona, from 1935 to 1937. As Arizona has no publishe
State flora, possibly this relatively large local list may
be of interest to students of distribution.

Sierra Ancha is located in the central part of the State,
by air line about 25 miles north of Globe and 15 miles

1 Assistant ae ecologist, Southwestern Forest and Range
Experiment Station, which is maintained at Tucson, Ariz., by the
Forest Service, ree S. Department of Agriculture, in co- -operation
with the University of Arizona.

Ferns or SrerrA ANCHA, ARIZONA 145

northeast of Roosevelt Reservoir in the Tonto National
Forest, Gila County. It rises gradually from about
2,100 feet above sea level at Roosevelt Reservoir to about
7,800 feet at the highest point. In origin it is not vol-
canic, aS are many of Arizona’s mountains, but is com-
posed mainly of quartzite with intrusions of diabase.
There are also some small outerops of sandstone and lime-
stone.

The collection was made mainly in and in the vicinity
of Sierra Ancha Experimental Forest, branch station
of the Southwestern Forest and Range Experiment Sta-
tion, located at an elevation of about 5,000 feet on the
southwest side of the mountain. Pteridophytes of all the
species listed grow within 5 miles of this station but in a
wide altitudinal distribution from about 3,000 feet up to
7,800 feet above sea level. Members of all except 5 species
have been found inside the drainage of Parker Creek
Canyon.

The vegetation of Sierra Ancha will be summarized
briefly as the basis for notes on the zonal distribution
and habitat of pteridophytes. Three climatic or life
zones are represented: (1) semidesert, or Lower Sonoran
life zone, from Roosevelt Reservoir to an elevation of about
3,500 feet; (2) chaparral-woodland, or Upper Sonoran
zone, roughly from 3,500 feet to 6,000 feet; and (3) pine-
fir forest, or transition zone, above 6,000 feet. While
precipitation varies greatly from year to year within
each zone, the annual precipitation is about 18 inches in
the semidesert area, 25 inches in the chaparral-woodland
zone, and 30 inches in the pine-fir forest.

The semidesert vegetation, which varies locally in com-
position, is characterized by scattered xerophytie shrubs
and trees with weeds and grasses bebyosn them. Domi-
nant woody plants include jojobas or ‘‘coffeeberries”’
(Simmondsia californica), paloverdes (Cercidium spp.),

146 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

and cacti (Opuntia spp.). Inthe Upper Sonoran zone the
vegetation-type is chaparral of broad sclerophyll shrubs
with some open areas occupied by perennial grasses.
Dominant chaparral species are shrub live oak (Quercus
turbinella), mountain-mahogany (Cercocarpus brevi-
florus), and Gregg hornbush (Ceanothus greggii). On
the more moist sites are oak-woodland stands of broad
sclerophyll trees, in which Emory oaks (Quercus emoryt)
and Arizona white oaks (Quercus arizonica) are domi-
nant. The pine-fir forest has as its dominant species
ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and Douglas fir
(Pseudotsuga taxifolia). Small stands of aspens (Popw-
lus tremuloides var. aurea) occur near the mountain top.

The pteridophytes of Sierra Ancha are most numerous
both as individuals and species in the chaparral-woodland
zone, but, in general, are not common. Species of the list
most commonly represented in the semidesert zone are
Selaginella arizonica and Pellaea longimucronata. In
chaparral vegetation Cheilanthes wrightii and Pellaea
longimucronata are perhaps the most commonly repre-
sented species. Pteridium aquilinum var. lanuginosum is
abundantly represented in both oak-woodland and pine-
fir zones, and Cheilanthes fendleri is characteristic also
of the latter zone.

Usually the pteridophytes occur on rock outcrops, in
crevices of quartzite cliffs and in the shade of boulders.
Around rocks the supply of soil moisture is probably
greater and conditions are more favorable for growth,
especially of gametophytes. The presence of extensive
areas of cliffs and stony soils is probably an important
_ factor in the occurrence of a wide representation of
pteridophyte species on Sierra Ancha — is supplemen-
tary, of course, to the great range in elev

Of special interest are the adaptations of ‘pteridophytes
of various xerophytie species to limited water supply in

FERNS OF SrerRA ANCHA, ARIZONA 147

dry seasons. Lipferns (Cheilanthes spp., with the excep-
tion of C. wright) have mats of scales and hairs over the
fronds which probably aid both in reduction of transpi-
ration and in absorption of water. Absorption of water
directly through the leaves seems to be rather common in
xerophytic ferns. These ferns.exhibit hygroscopic move-
ments, such as curling parts of their fronds into compact
masses when dry and unrolling them into flat blades when
wet. A curled or rolled frond will unroll when water is
added directly to the frond. A detached frond will even
unroll when inverted with only the blade in water. Ferns
of Sierra Ancha that exhibit hygroscopic movements and
adaptation for absorption of some rain water directly
through their leaves include Cheilanthes spp., Notholaena
spp., Bommeria hispida, and Pityrogramma triangularis
var. maxoni. Similar adaptations were observed in
Selaginellas (Selaginella arizonica), in which the scalelike
leaves are tightly appressed when dry and widely spread
when moist. Gray, dry selaginella mats quickly become
green as the leaves absorb rain water.

For assistance in checking the determinations of speci-
mens, the author is indebted to Jack Whitehead, of the
Boyce Thompson Southwestern Arboretum, and to Dr.
William R. Maxon, curator of the United States National
Herbarium. Duplicate sets of specimens have been de-
posited in those institutions, also in the herbarium of the
University of Arizona, and in the U. S. Forest Service
herbaria at the Sierra Ancha branch station and in Wash-
Ington, D. C.

The pteridophytes of Sierra Ancha represent 24 species
and 1 additional variety of Polypodiaceae, 3 species of
Equisetaceae, and 1 species of Selaginellaceae. The larg-
est genera are Cheilanthes (lipferns, 6 species), Notho-
laena (cloakferns, 5 species and 1 variety), Pellaca (cliff-
brakes, 4 species), and Equisetum (horsetails, 3 species).

148 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

The remaining 10 species are distributed among an equal
number of genera.

In distribution, the members of these species are princi-
pally those of the semiarid Southwest. Only 8 of the
species are represented in the eastern part of the United
States: Adiantum capillus-veneris, Asplenium resiliens,
Cystopteris fragilis, Pellaea atropurpurea, Pteridium
aquilinum, Equisetum arvense, E. kansanum, and E.
praealtum. On Sierra Ancha all except the first one of
these 8 species are confined to the higher mountain zones,
where the flora is more nearly related to that of the North
and Kast.

Still fewer species of the list are distributed on the
Pacific Coast. The record of one of these, Dryopteris
arguta, represents the second locality of the species
reported in Arizona.

The list of species with notes on abundance, habitat,
and zonal distribution follows:

POLYPODIACEAE

ADIANTUM CAPILLUS-VENERIS L. Found only at the
lower end of Parker Creek Canyon in the semidesert zone.
Here the plants are common on constantly moist and
shaded deposits of calcium carbonate on the canyon
walls.

ASPLENIUM RESILIENS Kunze. Rare on a shaded lime-
stone cliff in an oak-woodland.

BoMMERIA HIspiDA (Mett.) Underw. Common on €%-
posed rocky slopes in the chaparral-woodland zone.

CHEILANTHES EATONI Baker. Uncommon in rock erev-
ices in the chaparral-woodland zone.

CHEILANTHES FEEI Moore. Rare on dry limestone out-
crops in the chaparral zone.

CHEILANTHES FENDLERI Hook. Common among rocks
in chaparral-woodland and pine-fir forest zones.

FERNS oF SrerRA ANCHA, ARIZONA 149

CHEILANTHES LINDHEIMERI Hook. Uncommon in rock
crevices in the chaparral-woodland zone.

CHEILANTHES WOOTONI Maxon. Uncommon on rock
outcrops in the chaparral-woodland zone and rare in the
semidesert zone.

CHEILANTHES WRIGHTH Hook. Common on open, rocky
areas in the chaparral-woodland zone and rare in the
semidesert zone.

CYSTOPTERIS FRAGILIS (L.) Bernh. Uncommon on
shaded soil and rock outcrops in the pine-fir forest along
Workman Creek.

DryYoprTeris arcutTa (Kaulf.) Watt. A single large
plant was found at the base of a boulder in the oak-wood-
land along Parker Creek Canyon. This is the second
Arizona locality for the species, specimens of which have
been found in Devil’s Canyon near Superior, about 35
miles south. The Arizona specimens have recently been
cited by Dr. William R. Maxon, Notes on American Ferns
—XXI. Amer. Fern Journ. 27: 109-111. 1937.

NOTHOLAENA BONARIENSIS (Willd.) C. Chr. Rare in
rock crevices in the chaparral zone.

OTHOLAENA LIMITANEA Maxon. Rare at one station
on limestone rock at the upper border of the semidesert
zone.

NoTHOLAENA PARRYI D. C. Eaton. Uncommon at a
Single station on limestone rock at the upper border of the
Semidesert zone. These minute, very hairy ferns repre-
Sent an extreme in xerophytic appearance.

NoTHOLAENA sinuATA (Sw.) Kaulf. Uncommon in
rocky soil in the chaparral-woodland zone and rare at the
upper edge of the semidesert zone.

NoTHOLAENA sinuaTA (Sw.) Kaulf. var. INTEGERRIMA
Hook. Uncommon on rocky soil in the semidesert zone.
Although generally found here at a lower elevation, in one
Place members of the variety were growing associated
With those of the species proper.

150 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

NOTHOLAENA STANDLEYI Maxon. Uncommon in rock
crevices of the semidesert and chaparral-woodland zones.
Individuals of this species with their pentagonal fronds
and yellow lower surfaces are among the most beautiful
of the small southwestern xerophytic ferns and should be
worthy of cultivation as ornamentals.

ELLAEA ATROPURPUREA (l.) Link. Uncommon in
rocky soil of chaparral-woodland and pine-fir forest zones.

PELLAEA INTERMEDIA Mett. Uncommon in rocky soil
in the chaparral-woodland zone.

PELLAEA LONGIMUCRONATA Hook. Rather common
among rocks in semidesert, chaparral-woodland, and open
pine zones.

PELLAEA WRIGHTIANA Hook. Uncommon in rocky soil
in the chaparral-woodland zone.

PITYROGRAMMA TRIANGULARIS (Kaulf.) Maxon var.
MAXONI Weatherby. Rare in rock crevices of the chapar-
ral-woodland zone.

PTERIDIUM AQUILINUM (L.) Kuhn var. LANUGINOSUM
(Bong.) Fernald. Abundant on soil sites in the under-
growth of oak-woodlands, pine-fir forests, and aspen for-
ests. In these areas individuals of this species are far
more numerous than those of all other pteridophyte
species combined. The largest ferns of the area, they
average 14 to 2 feet in height but reach a maximum
height of 4 to 5 feet.

Woopsta MEXICANA Fée. Uncommon in rock erevices of
oak-woodlands and pine-fir forests. :

Woopwarpia Fimperata J. E. Smith. Rare in moist soil
near stream, pine zone.

EQUISETACEAE
EQUuISETUM ARVENSE L. Common along streams and
abundant in a cleared field in the pine-fir zone.
EQUuUISETUM KANSANUM Schaffner. Uncommon along
Rose Creek in the pine-fir forest zone.

OSMUNDA CINNAMOMEA AND F'ERN-FEEDING LARVAE 151

EQUISETUM PRAEALTUM Raf. Common in moist soils at
borders of streams in the pine-fir forest zone.

SELAGINELLACEAE
SELAGINELLA ARIZONICA Maxon. Common in the semi-
desert and chaparral zones, where the plants form exten-
Sive mats on exposed rock outcrops and stony soils.
Fuagcstarr, ARIZONA

The Longevity of Osmunda Cinnamomea with
Notes on Some Fern-Feeding Larvae

Henry Birp

Four very diverse ferns serve as food-plants for an
equal number of conspicuous lepidopterous larvae of
endophytic, or boring habit, the latter however belong-
ing to a single, compact genus. The adult insects ma-
turing therefrom find a place systematically in the Noc-
tuid group of moths generically known as Papaipema.

They should not be classed as particular enemies of
the ferns because their work does not cause the demise
of the plant, only the loss of a frond or two, or a section
of the root as the case may be. In a way they are bene-
ficial because they act as hosts for a great diversity of
parasites which affect other species also, thus serving to
work out that wonderful and little appreciated balance
that occurs in the insect world.

While the ferns possess such a background of antiquity
geologically, this Papaipema group suggests a new
branch on its phylum, being confined to temperate North
America and not very fixed in certain of its fifty-odd
Species. In most cases each confines itself to a preferred
food-plant, often of a genus confined to America, and
their unerring choice of a certain species of Solidago,
Aster, Laciniaria and of other large genera brand them
as belonging in good botanical company.

152 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

The four ferns involved are the Osmundas, 0. regalis
and QO. cinnamonea; Onoclea sensibilis; Anchistea vir-
ginica; and Pr idcaa aquilinum. Their individual
larvae mine in the lower stems and root-stocks and se-
crete themselves so astutely that many years of patient
searching have been required for their discovery. The
adults, moths with a wing expanse of 30 to 46 mm., had
been previously known, but what plant concealed their
larvae was a problem, since a choice might occur through
the whole floral gamut to, and including the Composites.

Considering only the one species which bores in Os-
munda, Papaipema speciosissima, its larva is largest of
all, attaining a size of 55 mm., and caused the writer
thirteen years of diligent wareiiie to discover with be!
aid of a New Jersey protégé. It becomes a bulky, p
ish caterpillar that might be suspected to work ieee
against longevity of the host plant.

This is not the case, however, notwithstanding old
plants are invariably chosen by the female moth for
placing her ova. These adults live for about a fortnight
in the later days of September, their ova overwinter and
the young larvae hatch forth in late May, bore down
through the stems of young fronds and continue mining
the rootstock until late July when they change to a pupal
form, from which the adults emerge in mid-September,
thus completing the life cycle.

P. speciosissima as a moth was described in 1868 and
occasionally came to light at various sources on the At-
lantic seaboard through the years, but it was not until
1913 that its larval history was known and described.
Finally it had become evident a larval colony must be
a within the fastnesses of the ‘‘Jersey Mead-
ows,’’ that great semi-tidal marsh west of Jersey City
sia Hoboken, and here it was eventually run down. -4"
‘the upper and less saline reaches of this marsh, scattered

OSMUNDA CINNAMOMEA AND F'ERN-FEEDING LARVAE 153

through the Typha and some invading arboreal types,
occurs an antiquated growth of Osmundas with their
nodes arising to an unusual height to surmount the wet-
ness, and which furnish sustenance and retreat for a most
thriving colony of Papaipema.

One is at once struck by the apparent age of these
ferns and knowing with what tenacity the moths cling
to the haunts of their ancestors in a manner not exceeded
by a certain celestial race, it becomes evident that here
we have a commingling which may well go back for cen-
turies. Although regal and cinnamon ferns are com-
mon to any swamp, this is the only station known here-
abouts; the annual burnings which such areas suffer has
resulted in extermination at such points elsewhere as they
once occurred.

These entomological details are cited to show observa-
tional familiarity with what follows since no claim is
made to botanical authority, the literature has not been
sifted and the deductions have only the weight of indi-
vidual surmise. Of late years O. cinnamomea has been
particularly observed since its Papaipema infestation has
always been associated with root-clumps of much age.
So far as root growth indications go, O. regalis does not
attain so great an age, neither does the third species,
O. claytoniana.

Restricting the discussion to Westchester County,
N. Y, indications of the present-day flora would pro-
claim cinnamomea one of the climax species of open
Swamp and even brackish borders of marshland. How-
ever, it does not appear to be reproducing itself in this
area at present. The writer has failed to observe what
could be called a first or second year growth after the
prothallium stage and botanists interrogated have been
vague or noncommittal in the matter. The reason need
not be obscure, for the drained swamps and lack of

154 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

primitive moist conditions necessary to the development
of prothallia is doubtless the answer.

It is commonly observed that extremely large root-
stocks of O. cinnamomea are frequently met throughout
this state, many of them centenarians. A certain indi-
vidual root-clump near Rye, N. Y., is 3.74 meters (12.3
feet) across, while several nearby are almost as large.
It would be of interest if the age of such a patriarch
could be determined since likely it outdistances the old-
est standing trees in that locality. My information is
that the literature carries no definite data on the sub-
ject. Prof. W. N. Clute has suggested that an approxi-
mation of age in certain ferns might be secured by taking
count of yearly frond growth and applying it against
the frond growth as shown in a section of the rootstock.

But this could not be done with the specimen in ques-
tion. Out of the writer’s experience the following only
can be suggested.

A number of Osmunda cinnamomea ferns were planted
along the north foundation wall of our residence at Rye;
thirty years ago. All have made a subsidiary growth out-
ward from the building while the original rhizomal node
still flourishes at its first position. They have grow?
luxuriantly and the greatest advance made by any oné
is a trifle under 18 centimeters. Now if it is assumed
hypothetically that our patriarch grew with equal ce
lerity from its center (indicated by a dead sunken area
and not quite the theoretical center) to the advanced
margin, it would register about 310 years of growth per
greatest radial measurement. Treated as a matter of
mass, a much greater figure would be the presumptive
age.
Other details of this large cinnamon fern may be
worthy of note. The plant is located on sloping gt ound
margined by a little rill; one edge touches the water-

VOLUME 28, PLATE

AMERICAN F'ERN JOURNAL

Aw Oxup CINNAMON FERN Rootstock AT RyE, NEw York, OveR 12 Fret Across Its GREATEST AXIS.

156 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

course and capillarity affords moisture throughout. The
land is a long-abandoned farm and for the past twenty
years has suffered annual burning, so that there is no
accumulation of humus at present. It is for this reason
clear to see that this root-clump is but of a single plant.
Overlying a clay substratum and with little fertility to
draw on yet it seems not to lack vigor—the rank fronds
would suggest full prime.

July 28, 1927, sterile fronds to the number of 534 were
arising from 77 rhizomal nodes; June 6, 1928, 177 fruit-
ing fronds arose from 80 nodes; September 19, 1928, 480
sterile fronds were ascending from these 80 nodes. Since
there were no small examples reflecting seedling growth
in the near vicinity, interest was felt as to the reproduc-
tive potentialities of such a plant. The fruiting fronds
seemed especially vigorous, reaching a height of 70 centi-
meters for the maximum average, and with the spo-
rangia-total for such a frond estimated at 32,300. The
largest, lower pinna bore about 1568 spore eases, the
fourteenth, 708; one midway about 1100, which latter

gure was considered an approximate average. Beyon
the fourteenth including the tip there were 1500. To
overcome their hairiness, they were dissected out in
water, on glass, and it was not difficult to make this
count.

To arrive at a summary which might be accorded the
spores was a more tedious matter. After several
schemes, it was found that a spore case placed in a hol
low cavity slide, with the cover glass in position, show-
ered out its contents so as to permit an enumeration.
Over a white surface ruled to minute squares and using
low magnification, these individual spore showers were
found to number 306 to 328 in several counts and a few
were yet remaining in the gaping sporangium Assum-
ing 300 to be a fair index, the plant would be sending

SHortTER NotTES 157

down around a billion and a half spores as a yearly con-
tribution to cinnamomea posterity.

Dr. Arthur Hollick has informed us Osmunda species
trace back to the lower Cretaceous. Having survived
such an interval and yet in their present productivity,
we may rest assured they will find a way for long con-
tinuance.

Ryr, New York.

Shorter Notes

HART’s-TONGUE IN TREES?—As I understand there are
not a large number of English subscribers to your FERN
JOURNAL, and as none of them may comment on your note
on pages 69 and 70, vol. 28, no. 2 on Hart’s-tongue, I am
doing so. In my experience, a hollow or even a fork of
a tree is most unusual as a home for this fern; I have
never seen one in such a place, although in Devon I have
seen hundreds of these plants; and there are plenty of
opportunities in that county for ‘‘epiphytal’’ growth, if
it were usual. Polypodium vulgare does sometimes run
along mossy branches and occasionally roots in dry
crevices in trees.—E. A. Exuiott, South Stoke, Nr. Read-
ing, Berkshire, England.

THe Status or Dryopreris cELsA.—I notice that Dr.
Wherry in his fern book considers Dryopteris celsa Wm.
Palmer a hybrid; this amuses me. All through the Dis-
mal Swamp we get this peculiar type of fern which is
always the same and we get nothing else there, as far as
I have been able to discover. Therefore, why call the
thing a hybrid? It may have been of hybrid origin in
the days gone by, but it certainly at the present time is
a perfectly pure strain, extending for miles and countless
miles, Furthermore, I have had it in my garden for
years. Its appearance in the spring differs from that

158 AMERICAN FERN J GOUNAT.

of Goldie’s, Clinton’s and D. cristata. The scales, too,
and the whole habit are different. I have these ferns
close together, so have a splendid opportunity to com-
pare them.—Paut Bartscu, Washington, D. C

Ferns in Derective Fiction.—Some day, someone is
going to write a mystery story in which the criminal is
traced because there happens to be a fern expert present
who identifies microscopically the spores of Ophioglos-
sum vulgatum and thus proves, despite an alibi, that
the miscreant had passed through the bog meadow when
he claimed to be at home asleep. Hitherto, the mystery
story has not made the pages of the JourNaL, only such
near classics as ‘‘Jude the obscure’’ and ‘‘And so, Vic-
toria.’? Today we admit ‘‘Crime in corn weather’’ by
Mary M. Atwater (Houghton Mifflin). It is a good
story. The denouement comes in a wooded limestone
region, which serves as a picnie place and ‘‘where they
hunted the elusive walking fern’’ and didn’t find the
‘corpus delicti,’’ nor catch the murderer.—R. C. B

American Fern Society
New members:
Ernst, L. R., 6058 Kingsbury Ave., St. Louis, M
Eveleth, Dr. yp, S., 12 Court St., Root hi New Hiampebied
Hopkins, Miss sak Cardinal,
Proctor, George R., Marietta fai aves Ohio.
Changes of address:
Brooks, Arthur S., 419 So. Washington St., Van Wert, Ohio.
Clute, Prof. Willard N., 5257 Hinesley Ave., Indianapolis, Ind.
Correll, D. S., Botanical Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge,

ass.
Fessenden, G. Russell, 2716 Wisconsin Ave., Washington, D. C.
Hartline, Mrs. D. S8., East 4th & Spruce Sts., Bloomsburg, Pa.
Hermann, F. J., Bureau of Plant Yndoetey, U. 8. Dept. of Agri-
culture, Washington, D. C.

AMERICAN FERN Society 159

Lowe, Mrs. Frank E., 104 Neal St., Portland, Maine.

MeVaugh, Rogers, Bureau of Plant Industry, U. S. Dept. of Agri-
culture, Washington, D. C

Ogden, Mrs. E. C., 22 University Place, Orono, Maine.

Peterson, Mrs. E., Route 3, Box 84, Miami, Fla.

Whitehead, Jack, Box 1022, Santa Barbara, Cal.

Milton 8. Baxter, a member of the Society since 1912,
died at Rochester, New York, October 15, 1938, aged 83.
He was born in a log house at Hamlin, New York, received
a normal school education and immediately on graduating
entered the employ of the Bell Telephone Co. He was
soon sent to Europe where he spent eleven years installing
telephone systems in Holland, Belgium, Switzerland, and
Russia. He was married at Riga to Julia Henko; they
had one daughter, who survives him.

On his return to the United States he took a position
with the Rochester Telephone Co. and was its plant super-
intendent when he retired after 52 years’ service in the in-
dustry. He had always been interested in natural history,
particularly botany, and had been active in local scientific
Societies. His retirement gave him more time to devote to
what had been his hobby; he became curator of the her-
barium at the University of Rochester, for ten years taught
field botany in its summer school, and up to the present
season continued to lead field excursions. Indeed, until
his last sickness he had never been seriously ill; and his
death was the first break since 1876 in a family of seven
brothers and sisters. His personal herbarium of some
6000 sheets will go to the Rochester Academy of Sciences.

Modest, lovable, kindly, competent and an effective
teacher, Mr. Baxter will be missed not only in Rochester,
but among a wide circle of botanical acquaintances and
correspondents.

Index to Volume XXVIII

Acer saccharum, 36

Acrostichum aureum, 48; daneae-
folium, 48

Actinostachys, 16; Germani, 16

Adder’s-tongue, 14, 15, 108

Adiantum Capillus-Veneris, 44, 48,

101, Peard 148; elanoleucum,
48 ; odestum, 127: pedatum.
16, 44, OL: tenerum, +
ALSTON, A 3G, Pteridophytes
St. Kitts (review), 71;
Selaginellaceae of Borneo (re-
70; Selagi

Maes Islands, ae ‘ matra

American Fern Society, 38, 75,

124,

American ferns, notes on, XXII,

Auiieiok virginica, 49, 153. See

oon Woodwardia
NDERSON, W.. A. Woodsia

Aspen,

ry
As pidium cristatum, 23; Goldi-
anum, 23; : marginale, rae
- : ete
nen, 23, inter
dium, 24, 106; Whelypteria: 23,
106. See also Dryopteris

Thelypt ‘
Asplenium it 19: abscissum, 49;
acrostichoides, 17, 104; Adian-
tu grum, 49, 137 ; Andrewsii,
i auri-
an

tum, 49; “ebenoides, ‘42; exiguy m,
Sa ial; kv ess -femina, ry 104:

Glenniei, 141;
hotarcehieuae. gre kentuckiense,
45, 102; x mixtum, 141, 142,
144; montanum, 45, 102, 10
parvulum, 103; pinnatifidum’
45, 102; platyneuron, 16, 45,
49, 103, 114, 128, 142, 144, Ee
ser rratum, 45, "103, var. serratu
103 ; platyneuron x Trichom. manes,
141, 142, 144; a 50;
siliens, 35, 50, 103, 114, i48:
Ru ta-m ria, 103; ‘septentrion-
ale, 128: pone 50; Tricho-
manes, 45, 102, 1 112, 114, 120,
128: Tru delli, 45, 102; vere-
cundum, 50; viride, 120, 128.
See also Ath —

x Asplenosorus,
Aster,

Athyrium 17, 119; Php temas

104; alpestre, 128; ameri-
bf Rote 128 ; aniustifoll nora 17,
103; angustum, Sa haar | ss, 45,
104, var. rubellu 104,

128; asplenioides, 45, 50, 104,
113-115; Filix-femina, 17, 104,
1 var. californicum, 129;
pychocarpon, 45, 10 thelyp-
teroi 5, 104, 114, See
also y neni

Azolla caroliniana, 17, 95

BartscH, P. Status of Dryop-
teris celsa, 157
AXTER, M. §S.

fe Sh | larvae
Blechnum, 119; rhs: Pe A 50;

Botrychium, 25, 7;
piabasceae. 14; bit tum, 14;
boreale, 117, californicum, 117;
Coulteri, 117; dissectum, 17, 25,

6, 41, 43, 69, 108, var. obli-
uum, 17, 25, 109; lanceolatum,

; Lunaria, 117, 130; tri
eg pape 117, ssp. _hesper-

108, ae : eae
43, 109; nondagense,
pi tu % 1 . jlaifolium,
117; simplex, 26, 32, 117, var.
i , 130, var. cord
tum, , var. laxifolium, 32,
ar. typicum, 130; ternatum,

var. euro aeum, 1 91
Bracken, 93, 102, 136 ; giant, he
Brock MAN, Cc. erns of t

Mt. nier National Park (re-

BuooKs, M. Climbing fern in Up-
r Co., West Virginia, 37

Cacti, 146

Cam amptosorus rhizophyllus, 18, 45,

Campyloneuron angustifolium, et
enero 51; latum, 51; Phyl
iti

Carrott, R. P. Pteridophytes of
Mountain Lake, Virginia (Te
view

Coanetliny Greggii, 146 :

Ced Bie mg running, 110;

maine 110
ceratopteris deltoidea, 99; pteri-
Cercidium, Raed
Cercocarp' reviflorus, 146
Ceterach Dathousiae, 141
ae 2 au bamensis,
castanea, $ 6, in Oklahoma,

INDEX TO VOLUME 28

; Eatoni, 30, 130, 148; Feei,
re *80, a pa Fendleri, 130,
cillima, 120;

sa, 2 gg ind-
heimeri, 149; microphylla, 51;
siliquosa, ane tomentosa, 36,
3. Wooto 30, 130, 149;

rig htii, 146, 147, 149

eerie: 14, 117; palmata,

vayp atl SE C; Polystichum
aleuticum, ‘a new North Ameri-
ean species, RS BE

CLAUS R, nograph of

7.
Oph hs suena wean porting id
DRnUe eense petiolatum Hook
Cliff- brake, in 138, 147; hairy,
134; purple, 102 ; smooth, 135

CLUTE, N. Ou
haunts, habits mie folk ely open

view),
offee-berry,

Colorado st 125

CONSTAN TINE T. 8S. Report of the
auditors, 6

CORRELL, D. S, y check-list
of Fl ak Hag aL “46, 91
RY Vee iolo, ogical survey 0
the east Texas Big Thicket area
(review), 114; Catalogue of t
flora of Texas (review), 113

120:
var. acrosti
Stelleri, 18, 122; 13 alee, 15h

Curly-gra
Cyrtomium’ fal 51
Crstopterts, ais LB ergs ge ‘
s, Fas y | 7
14s, is, genuina, 28, 131,
ckayil, 44, 106, var.

nr 28, 44, 106; montana,

S
@
s
—
=)
ro TES.
eS
i=]
acy
>
=
S
a

Dicranopteris Hocus 34; : pedalis,

interme ere, 43, 53,

macilenta,
nails, $7.40 eens.
| 60,70, 74. 108 f tripinnatifida,

161

44, 105; normalis, 53; nove-
boracensis, 44, 89, 90, 105 ;
— sis, 53 ; at ens, 53 :

cens, 35, 90.
Phegopteris and Thelypteris
ELLIOTT, oc A. Hart’s-tongue in
SH, Hy, stern ferns for
the rock- sar hes ( er 120
Equiseta, disti come ig those with
ws of reles on

72 trachyodon,
um, 121.133, ar var. Jesupi,
18. var, Nelsoni 138

Fern, beech, 105; brake, 94; brit-
“te. 131: pulblet 106 ; chain,
ie Chr hristmé stm - 93, 1 mna-

101, 114; ribbon, 92; regal,

royal, 107, 122’: sensitive, 92,

srpent, 92; shield, 52;
id

.*

106; LR fer 1d, 100

51; swam SWo
1: Vaperin Z, 32; vine, 92; vir. r-
nia nop 49; walking, 104,

58; water, 95

— feeding larvae, 151; litera-
ty 66, 115; notes, mid-

Ferns, “Ameri on—XXITI,
140; of Colorado. w1e5 : in de-

162
tective ficition, 158; of Florida,
LI 6, “ forking in, 81
hardy, at flower-show, 71; of

"tas 101; of Towa,
Fir, ee

Florida ferns a county check-list
Of Ey, 91

Forking’ in ferns, 81

Goniophlebium brasiliense, 54
GREENFIELD, S. S.
basal se ales and
pes (Sa Goidiana x fs margina ey
f its parent species

i eead. -pine, 110
Hart’s-tongue, 123, 157; in trees ?,

oe yee 5 s
New "Jersey sly year
pee view), 120
Hopkins, Lh. 8. Report of the
Curator, 78
Hornbush, Gregg’s, 146
Horsetail, 99, 1 os “147: field, ney

Husnotiella revoluta, var. Palmer

Hymenophyllopsis, 119
pe own ee cpanel 1490's
rme, 34; ‘de nsifolium,
34; dic ranotrichum, 34; plica-
tom, 34 quadrifidum, 34;
nale.

Hypolepis repens, 54

Indiana,
marginalis

Iowa, keys to the ferns of, 16;

ad le anal Goldiana x

echinospora, igs

melanopoda,

134; senieina
Ives, ’S. A. Vaseular plants of

nt te er South Carolina (re-
Jojobas, us

KALLioLa, R. Dryopteris 2 a Soe
ein fiir Pate neuer n (re-
view), 6

Kentucky, ferus of, 41, 101

Laciniaria, 151
Laurel, mountain, 37
chia

occidentalis,

Litobro tripartita.
LiTtTLe, E. ae R., * Ghetlanthes
castanea’ Oklahoma, 36;

pleridophytes of Sierra Ancha,
Longevity a Osmunda__ cinna-
momea,
SER, és. *tymenophyll um falk-
landicum en la Spy pro BR de

Malleco (re penta, 3

fistulosa heleche ts hile EE age
algunas helechos "e

seritos 1 Dr BA eeilipnl
(review "33.

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Lorinseria areolata, 91. See also
ee rdia

Loxs 1

Tacscannia. 119

Lycopodium adpres: ssum, 96;

“

cuntnion, 96, 11 a ati

115, 121, 134; carolinianum,
97; cernuum, 97; noticum,
34; clavatum, 20; complanatum,
20, var. flabelliforme, 20, 41.
46, 110; confertum, 34; dicho-
tomum, 97; erectum, 34; luci-
dulum, 20. ce 114, var.
yg recaan 109 ; magellanicum,.
‘ ; obscurum, var. dendroi oon

? r

var. patens, 09, 11
stachyum, a 46. var. sharon-
ense, 46,

of Iowa, 16

Maiden-hair, southern, 127

SanOeAny, Peg hips 146
Maple, sug.

Marsilea “guadritolia 42. (100s
vestita, 20, eee

Massey, ride bag tune Aa

eg?
Mountatn eed Virginia ( =

allies of. Kentucky, art 101
Meniscium reticulatum, O1; serra-
um,
Mertensia litoralis, 34 ; oligocarpa,

Michi an, supposed o agg hi rence of
Byuisetaw Teimateja in 72
Mountain laurel, 37; mahogany,

Moss, floating, 96; spike, 97, 136,
137
Nephrolepis biserrata, 91; cordi-
folia, OL; hag 82, 91, var.
eri ri, 83, var. splendid a,
82, 83
Notes on American ferns—XXII,
ie ar 147 ; bonariensis, 149;
endleri, 134; limitanea, 149;

Pere yi, 149; ane 149, var.
Chiat igm eed : Standleyi, 30,

Oak, Arizona white, 146; Emory,

146; shrub live. i
Obituary. Baxt M. S., 159
klaho — Cheilanthes eastanea

ae 36
119; sensibilis, 20, 37,
43, 90, 92, 10 107, 152, 153;

ossaceae.
review), 116

INDEX TO VOLUME 28

Ophioglossum, ‘sae Sha ee mea?
fornicum

cordifolium, Ls erotalop horsiaes,
15 ; Cumingian long

a “iapehenunt, zi 41, 43 aT08:
fibrosum, 2: flo rida anum, 4, 15,
Tay: f favosum, f. reti
osum, 4 ; litorale, "A; ; lusitanicum,
uh a moluccanum, a z;
atum a nudie e

mi
crak, 2; reticu latum, 3, 4,

8; 5s ex, 6, 7; tenerum,

15, 117: Pimacheun Vas ; vulgatum,
15, 41, 108, 158, us-

Osmunda, 15, 121, 153; cinn
momea, 15, 21 43, 89, 90, 108,
ane 152-154, dt 2, SOE tom of,

doa “Ye ety se Cla cal

niana, 21. 43. 108, ae rega-
ey Gy 24: 108, 15 153, var.
spectabilis, 20, 43,

Paloverde, 145
Paltonium Ma pe Eee 92
Pa apeipems. 1-153; speciosis-
Parks, H. B.

the east Texas “Bis

tora Ww),

logical survey of
Th icket ——

of Texas (review 113:
luable be ce native to Texas
(revi iew

P na. O35. 150

ecesis fatty ey Goldiana
x Marginalis in, 74

Pepperwort, 9:

Phegopteris Dryopteris, 23, 135;
eects th 22,:'. Oe, 105:

ly id = 42; Roberti-
ana, 22, 29, 1
and Thet teris ee also Dryopteris

ng
Phymatodes iene
Pians ponde on ae 92

Pirmate, LL. ielehs Bos-
ban num in West t Virginia, 122
° ium, faleatum, 35;
gly AE Siew 304 hes rium, yall
hyma
3; plumula, 93: pol edie
43, 93, 101,’ 114; Polypodiotdes,
a 3 jot, 113-115; vulgare,
, 101, 115, 135, 157, var.
anum, 135, var. occiden-

163

raynes. ete Brazilian, 54; com-
Pateedchet acrostichoides,

pal
37, 43, oh - Ba = faa j15, f
incisum 105,

itzii, 105+ loatieue. “i . 2:
lachenense, “LLL, 112, 135; Lem:
120 ; 1152

Lo nehitis,
res¢

pt aw otti-
anum, 111; soapauieais 120;
shensiense, ‘411; . sinense, oe
Populus tremuloides, var. aurea,
Pseudotsuga taxifolia, 146
Psilotum, 96, 120; nudum, 96
Pteretis, 119; nodulosa,
Pteridium, 21; aquilinum, 148,
152, var. lanugin osum, 135, 146,

150; caudatum, 93 ; latiusculum,
‘44, 102, 136, var. pseudo-
ent aim, 92, 94. See also
Preridophytes of Sierra Ancha,
riz

Pteris aquilin pn
pseudocaudata, 23 ” pahame
94 ; 94, var. i ounces.
94; ia. 94: vittata, an
See. also Pteridium and Pyc

doria

Pyenodoria eretica, 94; multifida,
94; pinetorum, 94; Vittata, 94

Quercus arizonica, 146; Emoryi,
146; tag walt 146

Quillwort, 98

Recent fern literature, 31, 66, 113

Report of the a oe 78; of the
curator, 78; president,
75; Pig the inacer

Revie ALSTON

Pteridophytes of St. Kitts, 71;

Sela mf “i resig of orien: 70;

Selagine ae of a the Mala
u

ym

fetkiandienm en la ay
neg my 335 Schizae:

sobre apes. helechos

ehiienos "Geecritos ne Be AG

ppi, 33. Massry, A. B.

164

Pteridophytes of M ountain
Lake, Virginia, 120. Parks, H.
B. Biological survey of
east Texas Big Thicket

ascular * plants of Horry

“ae South coe 115. VER-
DOORN A "ea 1 of der a
ae. EH . Gui

ogy, 118. wn
to eastern ferns,
Rock- ene s 147;

slender, 123
Rose

Pye pect _ Distinguish-
ing Equiseta with one or two
Pat of tubercl 121: root

airs

122; supposed

urrence of
Equisetum Telm

ateja in Michi-

PA cae chilensis, 33; fistulosa,
33; valdiviana, 33
Selaginel la acanthonota, 97;
apoda, 45, 98, 110; par, 110:
— ica, 113, 146
enicola

36.
Standleyi, ‘as7: Unulerwooati 20,
a 139; "Wa llace

114
Pk eaespitosa, 34
SHURTLEFF nl Botrychium dis-

sect
Sim minvadele californica, 145
Smit, X. A. Vascular plants of
ry Co., South Carolina (re-
view), ere

Solidago,

Sphenonieris Smeg:

Spleenwort, : black-stemmed,
103. . Bradley's, 102: bony,
103; lobed, 102; maiden Bee
102; mountain, "103; Scott’s,
32; Trudell’s 102

Stenochlaena Kunzeana, 94; tenui-

ona. ?

SveNson, H. K. Report of the
treasurer, 76

mcuewensia FERN JOURNAL

Tectaria Amesiana, 95; cor rig
folia, “ heracleifolia,

9; cristata, 23

desires Nag oe Goldiana, 33)

105; hexago noptera, 22, 105
macilenta, 53 arginalis, 23°
105; nov eboracensis, 32, OT,

ia

S intermedia, 24,

also Aspidium, Dryopteris, and
ris.

ini ar ag po 41, 42,
n West Virginia,

99, 1 22.

122; Bicones 34; Krausii,
- lin eolatum, 15 ; Pepe 1D:

Philippi anum, 34 unctatum,

+55 spinulosum, 31
Tryon, BR. MM,

+ Pp
—- a of forking in ferns, 81
Typha
F. Manual of pteridol-

VER
0: pc hae 118
vitae 119; lineata, 95

' Wall-rue, 103

bad pesegeil CG A. Identity:
oodwardia ete
pus ag ta
West Virginia, climbing fern
Upshur Co., 37; ‘Cryptogramma
Stelleri in, 123 richomanes
Boschianum in, ip2
Wuerry, E. T. Colorado ferns,
125; guide to eastern n ferns (i
view), 31; northern ins -
West Virginia, 123; mid —
Ad aga 28; re ort of a.
resident, + BO!
pa inag B about Texas ferns, _
oodsia eartiana Suge ee
69, 137; ag ale oy 24, 42; mexi-
cana, , 1838, 139, 150;
obtusa, 34, 44, 106; ore -
29, 66, 120, 137, 139, 30
Towa, 63; scopulina, 24, 29,
66, 120, 138
Woodsia, ¢ 06 1
Woodwardia areolata, 41, 43, vad
115; fimbriata, 150; _thelyp-
teroi = ve ponntics = of, oe es
ero
ginica, f. thelypt ae

also Anchistea and

ERRATUM
chal - line 1. For Osmunda regalis L., read Osmunda regalis of

ican authors, n.

The pee should be ‘sakes to ay inet for volume 27.
82

Page 124, line 15. For 83-84, r

Page 126, line 3. For 83-84, jer Pid 3.
Page 130, line 24. For Am. Mor., read Ann. Mo.

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Ampvrican #ern Journal

A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO FERNS

Published by the

AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY

oe
EDITORS
C. A. WEATHERBY
R. C. BENEDICT W. R. MAXON
ae

VOLUME XXIX uh Wd
fo ee bet (+ oS

LANCASTER, PENNSYLVANIA

CONTENTS

VOLUME 29, NuMBER 1, Paces 1-40, ISSUED APRIL 2, 1939

Notes on the vine: Of WistOnsi 055k cosas R: 5 se Shs ie aa |
Notes o i! V. Morton 10
Our FR io Resurrection Plants C.V.Morton 14
Ferns of Lake Shehawken and Vicinity, Wayne County, Penn-
sylvania W.L. Die 16
Recent eas Titeratura 25
Shorter Notes 31
American Fern Society 38
VOLUME 29, NuMBER 2, Paces 41-84, IssuED May 29, 1939
Identity of Aspidium Iudovicianum nn. J. K. Small 41
sie tion of the oe evi American pass of Equi-
J. H, Schaffner 45

ey AMR of South-Central New York.
T. Clausen and 8. J. Smith 48

Distributional Notes on and a Rhy S the Species of Cheilanthes
the Sonoran Desert and some adjacent Regions.

Joule

Wiggins 59
Notes on American Ferns—XXIII W.R. Maxon 70
Recent Fern Literature 73
Shorter Notes 75
American Fern Society. 77

VoLUME 29, NumBEr 3, Paces 85-124, issuED Ava. 12, 1939
Foreing Native Ferns for Exhibition............... eee H. el 85
Growing Ferns from Spores C. Benedict 95
Ms Josephine Edson and as. Brive 98
Some Fern Notes D. S. Correll 102
Ferns of Mount Shasta W. B. Cooke 105
Shorter Notes

cent Fern Literature 124
American Fern Society 124

VoLuME 29, NuMBER 4, PAGES 125-160, IssuED JAN. 19, 1940

Finding Ferns ...... C. E. Waters 125
A New Fern Hybrid E. Lucy Braun 133
Some Southeastern Fern Notes D. S. Correll 135
Vittaria lineata from Georgia...J. H. ae and ae H. Duncan 142
Occurrences of Ferns in Some Ohio Cave W. B. Cooke 144
mt Fern Literature 149
Shorter Notes 153
American Fern Society . 155

Index to Volume 29. 158

No. 1 ~

Vol. 29 January-March, 1939

Ampriran Her erit Journal —

ees so H
f of WA
A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO FERNS

Published by the —
AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY *}‘
rey
¥
Bd
EDITORS
Cc. A. WEATHERBY
R. C. BENEDICT W. R. MAXON
ad
CONTENTS
Notes on the Ferns of Wisconsin............... ee ae eed. Je 1
_ Notes on 2 C. V. Morton 10
Our Southwestern R ee, C. V. Morton 14

iehags of Lake Shehawken and ae: Rca Stennis

W. L, Dix 16 oe
ae Se Ney inom Gon Fain ie

s.. Bal,

York City > en he: ae so ee ea era ay aoa
. Snore: Piece rect

Che American Fern Sorirty
Council far 1935

OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR
RoserT T. CLAUSEN, eee Hortorium, Ithaca, N. Y........... President
ARTHUR Vice-President

. LEEDS, Philadel elp
Mrs. Exste Gisson Warner, Albany, N. Secretary
Henry K. SvEnson, Brooklyn Botanic Gunde sede ae Maka Y.
rer

OFFICIAL ORGAN

©. A, WEATHERBY cece 27 Raymon: Cambridge, Mass.
R. C. BENEDICT ...............----. 1819 Dakotas Road, Brooklyn, N. ¥.
W. R. Maxon EN Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C.

Se eee the general study of ferns.
ubseription, $1.25 per year, foreign, 10 cents extra; sent free
: members of the AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY (awaual dues,
$1.50; life membership, $25.00). gear ge eee if ordered in

Matter for publication should be
at 27 Ra P addressed to C, A. WEATHERBY,

Ampvrican Fern Journal

Vou. 29 JANUARY—MarcH, 1939 No. 1

Notes on the Ferns of Wisconsin
R. M. Tryon, JR.

As the result of a year’s study on the ferns of Wiscon-
sin and an extensive collecting trip in the northern part
of the state last summer, the author has found many
Species and varieties new to the state. In the course of
preparation of a book on the ferns of Wisconsin it seems
desirable to list the species not previously reported and to
clarify the usage of certain names. All of the species,
varieties and forms listed are new to the state and unless
otherwise stated are in the Herbarium of the University
of Wisconsin.

The typical Pteridium latiusculum (Desv.) Hieron. in
Wisconsin may be characterized as follows: blade trian-
gular, often ternate, lax, usually pubescent beneath along
the midribs of the pinnules and ultimate segments, and
on the margin of the segments, glabrous elsewhere ; rachis
glabrous or, less often, pubescent ; pinnae remote, spread-
ig, the basal exceeding the second pair and about twice
as wide ; sterile outer indusium most commonly non-ciliate
or rarely more or less ciliate; usually a plant of damp and
dry shaded places, although it is sometimes found in the

sun. A form of the Bracken that is quite frequent in
northern Wisconsin is apparently distinct enough to war-
rant formal or varietal distinction, but since its relation-
Ship is not yet entirely clear it will be discussed here but
not named. It may be briefly contrasted with the typical

[Volume 28, No. 4 of the JourNAL, pages 125-164, plates 12-14,
Was issued December 15, 1938.]

1

2 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

form as follows: blade obovate, oval or broadly lanceolate,
rarely long-lanceolate, erect, pubescent beneath, at least
along the midribs of the pinnules and ultimate segments
and sometimes between the margin and the midrib, also
pubescent on the margin; rachis usually pubescent;
pinnae crowded, ascending, the basal not exceeding
the second pair and but slightly wider; sterile outer
indusium usually ciliate in various degrees or sometimes
non-ciliate; a plant of dry, sunny places, often in pas-
tures, fields, railroad right-of-ways and recently burnt-
over land. Some specimens agree essentially with
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn var. lanuginosum
(Bong.) Fernald f. decipiens (Lawson) Fernald, Rho-
dora 37: 248 (1935) and thus the actual identity of that
form is involved. Until more information is available on
the behavior of the Eastern Bracken at the northern limit
of its range, the identity of the Wisconsin and similar
material cannot be settled.

ADIANTUM PEpATUM L. var. ALEUTICUM Rupr.—This
typically Western variety of Maidenhair has been col-
lected in two localities: Drummond, Bayfield Co., and
Osceola, Polk Co. The Osceola plant shows a relationship
to the typical form in that two of the fronds are var.
aleuticum and the other two are perfectly typical. Per-
haps it is a genetical offshoot indicating something of the
origin of var. aleuticum.

ELLAEA ATROPURPUREA (L.) Link—The only record
we have of this species is a specimen in the Gray Her-
barium collected by N. C. Fassett at Mill Bluff, near
Prairie du Sac, Sauk Co., in 1925. This station is in the
Driftless Area.

ATHYRIUM THELYPTEROIES (Michx.) Desv. f. ACROS-
TicHowES (Sw.) Gilbert—Seattered throughout the
state; we have specimens from Ashland, Iron, Waushara,
Columbia and Milwaukee counties.

FERNS OF WISCONSIN a

DRYOPTERIS CRISTATA (L.) Gray var. CLINTONIANA
(D. C. Eaton) Underw.—This variety has been collected
only at Lake Mills, Jefferson Co.

DRYOPTERIS CRISTATA X SPINULOSA.—Rare in the north-
ern part of the state: Solon Springs, Douglas Co., Three
Lakes, Oneida Co., and Alvin and Laona, Forest Co.

DRYOPTERIS SPINULOSA (Muell.) Watt var. FRUCTUOSA
(Gilbert) Trudell—Scattered throughout the state; we
have collections from twenty-one counties.

Sometimes specimens are found that do not fit any of
the named varieties of Dryopteris spinulosa (Muell.)
Watt but have some characters of one and some of an-
other. The spores are often abortive. These may be
interpreted as hybrids or they may only be intermediate
forms. The characters of these and their relationship to
the D. spinulosa complex may best be indicated by the fol-
lowing key which has been adapted and revised from
Fernald, Rhodora 28: 146 (1926) and Weatherby, AMERI-
CAN FERN JouRNAL 26: 65 (1936) :

Indusium and often hay Mi ees prrnecnaa iss gieoeatcd along the rachis

d midribs of ¢ tiga nnules on the basal
pinnae not nace ee thos edie seent pee

Pinnae tending to be set obliquely e tho main — gradu-

ally tapering to ps oe r. fructuosa.
siren tending to right = to the “main rachis,
narrowed rather relents As a long tip ......... . intermedia.
Sudieian and blade glabrous 4 acpi aaa ; Inner ne pinnules on
the basa pe en exceeding t adjacent pinnules
Indusium and the ee glandul
innae tendin e set obliquely to the main rachis,

tapering ene ke ts the ti ue
D. spinulosa > var. fructuosa.
Pinnae tending to be set at pone angles to the main
sori ts narrowed rather abruptly to a long ti
D. spinulosa a var. intermedia.
— tists blade non-glandular
Basal pinnules on the basal pinnae sub- “opposite, usually
e inf lly n

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mucronate = jpinatoes “Cepieal).
Basal Pines on the basal pinnae usually remote, at
t 5 mm. apart, rarely sub-opposite, the Saco usu-

4 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

ally more than twice as long as the superior; most of
the scales at the base of the stipe dark ae at least
in the center, many long-acuminate ....... var. americana.

DRYOPTERIS SPINULOSA (Muell.) Watt >1 var. INTER-
MEDIA (Muhl.) Underw.—This intermediate has been
collected at twenty localities in fifteen counties.

DRYOPTERIS SPINULOSA (Muell.) Watt > var. FRUCTU-
osa (Gilbert) Trudell—This intermediate has been col-
lected eight times in six counties.

Dryoptertis Linnageana ©. Chr. f. glandulosa, n. f.,
rachi glanduloso. Rachis glandular.—WISCONSIN : Bar-
ron Hills at Lehigh, Barron Co., May 27, 1933, Fassett
and Schmidt, no. 15,816; July 18, 1938, R. M. Tryon, Jr.,
no. 4,154 (rypr in the Herbarium of the University of
Wisconsin, coTyPe in the Gray Herbarium) ; Amnicon
Falls, Douglas Co., July 12, 1938, R. M. Tryon, Jr., no.
4,079; Pattison State Park, Douglas Co., July 12, 1938,
Rk. M. Tryon, Jr., no. 4,091; Drummond, Bayfield Co.,
June 24, 1896, Cheney, no. 4,222; 2 miles north of Moun-
tain, Oconto Co., June 29, 1938, R. M. Tryon, Jr., no.
3,835. WasHIneTon: Spokane and Stevens counties,
July 18, 1902, Frank O. Kreager, no. 212; Foothills of the
Olympic range, 1902, John M. Grant, no. 218.

The rachis varies in glandularity, some specimens hav-
ing only a few glands while others have relatively many
and rarely the blade is slightly glandular. At Lehigh,
Barron Co., the type locality, there is great variation in
glandularity. This form may be separated from Dryop-
teris Robertiana (Hoftm.) ©. Chr. by its ternate blade and
comparatively slight glandularity. A species of Eastern
Asia, Dryopteris remoti-pinnata Hayata, is closely related
but distinct. It has the leaf-form of D. Robertiana and
is glabrous or only slightly glandular on the rachis at the
base of the pinnae.

1 This sign means varying toward.

FERNS OF WISCONSIN 5

Dryopterts RoBERTIANA (Hoffm.) C. Chr.—Very rare.
A few small plants are growing on calcareous rock at
Orienta Falls, Bayfield Co. Typical material was col-
lected in a White Cedar swamp, on limestone bedrock,
east of Ephraim, Door Co.

PTERETIS NODULOSA (Michx.) Nieuwl. f. PUBESCENS
(Terry) Fernald.—Rachis with a fine whitish pubescence
on the back or sides. We have collections from fifteen
counties throughout the state. This form has been diffi-
cult to separate in Wisconsin; of 55 specimens only 8
could be called glabrous. The pubescence varies on dif-
ferent parts of the rachis. The most pubescent specimens
are pubescent all over the rachis, others are pubescent
only on the sides and front and practically all of them are
slightly pubescent along the groove on the front of the
rachis. If the form is separated on pubescence alone, 90
per cent of our material would be identified with it. I
am making the separation on the basis of the place the
pubescence oceurs on the rachis. I am referring all
material that is glabrous on the back and sides, but pubes-
cent along the groove on the front to the typical species,
and all material that is pubescent on the back or sides to
the form.

CystopTeris rraciuis (l.) Bernh. var. LAURENTIANA
Weatherby.—Rare ; growing on damp, calcareous rock at
Amnicon Falls, Douglas Co., Orienta Falls, Bayfield Co.,
Washington Island, Gills Rock, Ellison Bay and south of
Jacksonport, Door Co., and Verona, Dane Co. The sta-
tion at Verona, Dane Co., is on a very small limestone out-
crop but it has persisted for at least fifty years, having
been collected there first by Prof. E. Kremers in 1888.

Cystoprerts FraGiLis (L.) Bernh. var. Mackaym Law-
son.—This variety has been collected in twenty-six coun-
ties, mostly in the southern half of the state.

YSTOPTERIS FRAGILIS (L.) Bernh. var. PROTRUSA

6 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Weatherby.—This variety, frequent throughout the state,
has been collected in seventeen counties.

WoopstA OREGANA D. C. Eaton —This species was first
found in Wisconsin this year at Manitou Falls, Pattison
State Park, Douglas Co., where it grows on damp and dry
igneous rock. All of the material collected there was
slightly glandular.

Woopsta scopuLtina D. C. Eaton—Dr. George H.
Conklin and Mrs. Mary M. Somerville added this species
to the state flora this summer when they collected it on
igneous rock at Manitou Falls, Pattison State Park,
Douglas Co.

OSMUNDA CINNAMOMEA L. f. INcISA (Huntington) Gil-
bert.—This form has been collected in ieee Bayfield,
Sawyer, Langlade and Sauk counties.

OSMUNDA CINNAMOMEA L. f. FRonDosa (T. & @) Brit-
ton.—This form has been collected in Douglas, Oneida,
Langlade, Waushara and Columbia counties.

BotrYcHIUM SIMPLEX Hitche. var. LAXIFoLIUM Clausen.
—This variety usually grows in dry sandy places but it is
sometimes associated with typical B. simplex in damp
situations. It has been collected at two localities in Doug-
las Co., two in Bayfield Co., and one each in Washburn
and Oconto counties.

BorrYCHIUM SIMPLEX Hitche. var. TreNEBRosUM (A. A.
Eaton) Clausen—This variety usually grows in rich,
damp, shady woods but occasionally is found in more open
situations with typical B. simpler. It has been collected
in Bayfield, Ashland, Iron, Lincoln, Wood and Sheboygan
counties.

BorrycHIUM pissectuM Spreng—Known only from
Devil’s Lake, Sauk Co.

BorrycHIUM MULTIFIDUM (Gmel.) Rupr. f. dentatum,

n. f., segmentis dentatis. Segments toothed. Fig. 2.—
Wiecierait: Oak Island, Apostle Islands, Ashland Co.,

FERNS OF WISCONSIN 7

July 9, 1938, N. C. Fassett, no. 19,457; Sand Lake on
county trunk H just north of junction with N, Douglas
Co., July 14, 1938, R. M. Tryon, Jr., no. 4,100 (TYPE in
_ the Herbarium of the University of Wisconsin, coryPE in
the Gray Herbarium) ; on road 27, 44 miles west of the
Sawyer Co. line, Washburn Co., July 16, 1938, R. UM.
Tryon, Jr., no. 4,122. Vermont: Bristol, Sept. 18, 1880;
Cobble Hill, New Haven, Sept. 5 and Sept. 8, 1899, Ezra
Brainerd.

This is similar to typical B. multifidum in every respect
except that the segments are toothed rather than entire.
Figures 1, 2, and 3 show the typical leaf-margins of B.
multifidum, £. dentatum and of var. intermedium.

At Sand Lake, the type locality, f. dentatum is asso-
ciated with the typical form, both being common. Here
there is little or no intergradation, the two plants could,
be distinguished at a glance by their general ‘‘aspect.’’
Dr. George H. Conklin made some observations at Sand
Lake late this summer and wrote me that ‘‘each form is
often in small separate colonies with older larger plants
and small fruiting plants around the base. These were
found not only in shade but in full exposure to the sun—
the two kinds—apparently sun or shade had nothing to
do with the shape and form of the sterile blade. Some
of the springs in the bank (the lake shore) are colored
red with iron and near those the cut form is tinged nota-
bly with red.’’? F. dentatum seems to be genetically
distinct from the typical form, at least at the type locality.
The following key places f. dentatum in the Botrychium
multifidum-dissectum complex :

Margins of the segments finely serrate with pointed teeth, toothed,
or deeply dissected ; t/v2—.67 or more.

* t/v, this character is the quotient of the number of teeth, ser-
rations or lobes on a segment divided by the number of veins at
the margin of the segment. I have found this very useful in sepa-

29, PuaTe 1

VOLUME

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

FORMS OF BOTRYCHIUM MULTIFIDUM

FERNS OF WISCONSIN 9

sg of the segments toothed; pinnae ending with a broad
wedge-shaped segment ; segments rounded or fonts natiked,
not more than twice as long as broa
B. multifidum f. dentatum.
ee deeply dissected; or margins of the segments finely
trate; pinnae ending w with a n ovate or lanceolate segment ;
segments peiiited, mostly more than sinh = ge ]
bro. B. dis and forms
ap of the — entire, wavy or finely heats pe rounded
oa va
gra of the “atimate bob air lanceolate, more than twice
long as broad; pin d pinnules not ig near gn tps,
ending with an eat ae nay apne to segment; inner inferi
a

3 t/v—.67 ste mi
Most of the ultimate segments pe an, not e than twice as
as long as broad; pinnae and bdo A lobed sweat io ‘their
tips, ending with Laren wedge- segment; in in-
oi pinnules on ‘the basal eee sat if they are pear heap -
.62 or less.

Blade a i than 8 em. long; segments broad to ovate,
d

rounded or oadly pointed, entire or rarely somewhat
ged weieatas ‘pupae few, usually crowded; growing
n damp places B. multifidum (typical).

mp Pp
Blade larger, up to 15 em. long, segments ovate to broadly
lanceolate, apg pointed, finely serrate or rarely en-
tire; segments many, remo : seid in dry places.
B. ltifidum var. intermedium.
The author is indebted to Mr. C. A. Weatherby and
Prof. N. C. Fassett for help in the preparation of this
paper.
Untversiry or Wisconsin, Mapison, WIs.
EXPLANATION OF FIGURES

Fig. 1. Botrychium multifidum (x14). Fig. 2. B. multifidum f.
dentatum (x 2). Fig. 3. B. multifidum var. intermediwm (x14).

rating certain forms of B. dissectum, especially f. Ae from
B. multifidum. All specimens that I have examined of these tw
Species that were similar in leaf-cutting were easily eosratel by
this character.

10 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Notes on Elaphoglossum—I
C. V. Morton

One of the common tropical American species has long
been known under the name Elaphoglossum Linden
(Bory) Moore, founded on Acrostichum Lindenu Bory
ex Fée (1845). Recently, Christensen? has taken up the
name Elaphoglossum squamatum (Swartz) Moore for this

ecies. This was based on Acrostichum squamatum
Swartz (1806), a new name given to A. sguamosum Cav.
(1799), not A. squamosum Swartz (1801). However,
since the species of Cavanilles is the older, there was no
need for any change in its name. Therefore, by Article
60, Section 2, of the International Rules of Nomenclature,
the name A. squamatum Swartz is illegitimate and the
combination Elaphoglossum squamatum is equally ille-
gitimate. Thus the correct name still remains E. Lin-
deni, because, although Acrostichum squamosum Cav. is
the oldest specific name for the group, that specific epithet
may not now be transferred to Elaphoglossum because of
the existence of the name E. squamosum (Swartz) J. Sm.
The synonymy may be summarized as follows:

Elaphoglossum Lindenii (Bory) Moore, Ind. Fil. XVI.
1857.

Acrostichum squamosum Cav. Anal. Hist. Nat. 1: 104.
1799. Not Elaphoglossum squamosum J. Sm.

Acrostichum squamatum Swartz, Syn. Fil. 11. 1806.
(Illegitimate.

Aenea Lindenii Bory ex Fée, Mém. Foug. 2: 48.
1845.

8
Elaphoglossum squamatum Moore, Ind. Fil. 15. 1857.
(Illegitimate. )
1 Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian
Institution.
2Dansk Bot. Arkiv. 9: 9. 1937.

Notes oN ELAPHOGLOSSUM it

ELAPHOGLOssUM proliferans Maxon & Morton, sp. nov
Condyloneura, Petiolosa. Rhizoma erectum breve, dense
paleaceum ; stipites dense paleacei, paleis sordide albidis
acutis denticulatis ; folia sterilia utrinque paleacea, di-
morpha, minora late ovata vel orbicularia, majora
oblonga, apice retusa prolifera ; venae remotae, ex angulo
50-60° egredientes, apice valde inerassatae ; folia fertilia
longe stipitata, lamina pe triangulari-ovata vel ovata,
utrinque paleacea

Rhizome erect, ‘short, about 15 mm. long and 3 mm
thick, densely clothe d with linear-lanceolate, pale-
stramineous, acuminate, membranous scales, these 2—2.5
mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide at base, the cells elongate-
hexagonal with mostly straight walls ; ‘fronds subcespitose,
few. Sterile fronds dimorphic, the stipes slender, green-
ish, those of the sual fronds 0.8-2 em. long, of the
larger ones 4~7 ¢ g, densely paleaceous, the scales
dirty wicyaet a le tis te, 1-2 mm. long, Ri

at base, acute, membranous, remotely denticu-

late, sulopdate at base; smaller leaf blades broadly ovate
or orbicular, 1-2.5 em. ‘long, 1-2.1 ¢ m. wide, rounded at
Sag truncate or subecordate at base, sprenlacrs Dot chartace-
in drying, pale green, sparsely but conspicuously
heel above, the scales deciduous, similar to those of
the stipe, more inconspicuously paleaceous beneath, the
Seales of the costa large, similar to those of the upper,sur-
— those of the mesophyll much smaller, only 0.25-0.5
mm. long; larger blades oblong, 4.5-5.5 em. long, 1.5-1.8

em. wide, deeply retuse at the proliferous, radicant apex,
obliquely rounded at base, otherwise similar to the smaller
lades ; veins visible by: transmitted light, arising at an
angle of 50-60°, simple or once forked, terminating in

ts 13-20 in the larger ones. Fertile fronds 3.5-8.5

sporangia about 0.3 mm. wide, the annulus 12- or 13-
articulate; spores ee: about 40 in diameter,
tm tuber eulate

the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,643,047,
bite a at El General, Peavines of San José, Costa Rica,

a2 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

altitude 975 meters, December 1936, by Alexander F.
Skutch (no. 2970).

A member of the group of small species called subsec-
tion Petiolosa by Christ, among which it is readily distin-
guished by its retuse, proliferous, and radicant sterile
fronds.

ELAPHOGLOssUM Maxonii Underw. in sched. Steno-

stipitibus aecee vix paleaceis, basi subteretibus, sur-
sum leviter ancipitibus; lamina sterilis elliptica vel an-
guste elliptica, acuminata, basi decurrens, chartacea,
margine cartilaginea, supra epaleacea, subtus paleis minu-
tis stellato-partitis parce instructa; venae liberae, eX
angulo 60-80° egredientes, preige vel bis fureatae, apice
non incrassatae, marginem attingentes; lamina fertilis

gine integra revoluta, oy sterilis multo brevi

Rhizome long-creeping, 5-10 mm. thick, deviacke pale-
aceous, the scales pag SS Fey 6-12 mm. long, casta-
neous, shining, membranous, fibrillose-margined, filiform
at apex, the cells elongate, scarcely contorted ; fronds
approximate, erect, distichous. Sterile fronds cm.
long, long-stipitate, the stipes commonly equalling or eX-

nearly naked, the few penis scattered, dark castaneous,
toothed, not over 2 mm. long; phyllop odia 6-11 mm. long,
dark brown; blades sotniad en ee often narrowly 80,
8-24 em. long, 1.64.5 em. wide, evenly and equally acu-
minate at apex and a slightly Menesdlicns chartaceous,
cartilaginous-margined, pale green, epaleaceous above,
very inconspicuously and minutely paleaceous beneath,
the scales eastaneous, about 0.5 mm. long, stellately parted
to base, the rays 3-6, unicellular, the terminal cell bulbous
and planailal veins free, arising at an angle of 60-80",

once or twice forked, about 7-9 per em., reaching the mar-
gin, not thickened at apex. Fertile fronds 8-20 em. long;
blades oblong, 4-8.5 em. long, 1.5-2.8 em. wide, acute oF
obtuse, rounded at base, ied Oa the margin entire

Notes oN ELAPHOGLOSSUM 13

and revolute; annulus 11-articulate; spores subglobose,
about 40 y in di ameter, roughly tuberculate.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 520,963, col-
lected at Troy, Jamaica, altitude 600-660 meters, 5 une 30,
1904, by William R. Maxon (no. 2961).

Additional specimens examined :

Cupa: La Prenda, Hioram & Maurel 2623, 4700, 4702.
tig de Nipe, Shafer 3712; Ekman 5968. Loma San
Juan, Hioram 7012, 7013, 7040. Loma del Gato, Clément
1101, 1725; Hioram 7039, 7057, 7059 ; Hioram & Clément

Gran Piedra, Maxon 4032. Santa Ana, Mazon 4174a.
Without specific locality, Wright 1070, 3958.

ISPANIOLA: Massif du Nord Bayeux, Ekman H 2989.

Jamaica: Mansfield, Maxon 1795, 2393, 2418. Holly-

Hill and Cuna Cuna Gap, Mazon 8921. House Hill,
Mazon 9075. West of Troy, Maxon 2915, 2924. Above
Tweedside, Maxon 947. Mount Diabolo, Mazon & Killip
538. Mount James, Maron 8609. Cuna Cuna Gap,
Fredholm 3217. Without ae locality, Hart 301.

o Rico: Sierra Luquillo, Sintenis 1805. Adjun-
tas, Sintons 4724. Sierra a "Nagu abo, Shafer 3315,

67 7. Maricao, Chase 6209a; Hess 353. Without spe-
cific locality, Eggers 1335.

This West Indian species, which is abundant at eleva-
tions of 350 to 1150 meters, has commonly been identified
as Elaphoglossum pteropus C. Chr. (Acrostichum alatum
Fée, not Roxb.), which was described from the Guianas.
The writer has examined two specimens of Schomburgk
449, one of the collections originally cited by Fée, and
believes that Underwood was correct in regarding the
Greater Antilles plant as specifically different. The fer-
tile blades exceed the sterile in length in E. pteropus, an
Important. specific character in Elaphoglossum; the re-
verse is true in E. Mazxonii. Also, in E. pteropus the
Sterile blades are long-decurrent and form a wing nearly
to the base of the stipe, whereas in E. Maxonii the blades

14 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

are slightly decurrent, the stipe being non-alate for most
of its length. The rhizome of HE. Maxonii is thick and
bears a conspicuous apical tuft of scales. The scales
throughout the rhizome are mostly persistent. On the
other hand, the rhizome of E. pteropus is relatively slen-
der, and the scales are smaller, fewer, and more readily
deciduous.

The following specimens referable to E. pteropus have
been studied, some of which were kindly lent by the
Botanisches Museum, Berlin:

?HISPANIOLA : oa at in 1859.

TRINIDAD : a Forest, Hombersley 304.

TOBAGO: Caledonia, Broadway 4638.

Bri evan GUIANA: mburgk 262a, 449.

FRENCH GUIANA: Gabaret, Leprieur. Without specific
léealite, 7 elskt.

Unttep States NationaL Museum, WasuHineton, D. C.

Our Southwestern Resurrection-Plants’
C. V. Morton

Three species of Selaginella of the group commonly
known as resurrection-plants are found in the United
States, namely, oe lepidophylla (H. & G.) Spring, 8.
pilifera A. Br. d 8. Pringlei Baker. All three are
native in oo eS The first, which has recently
been recorded from New Mexico? is readily distinguished
‘ by its white-margined, obtuse leaves. The other two
species, which have leaves bearing a long terminal seta,
are very closely related. In attempting to identify a
specimen recently collected in the Guadalupe Mountains,

1 Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian

Institution.
2 Maxon, in AMER. FERN JOURN. 13: 74. 1923.

SOUTHERN RESURRECTION PLANTS 15

New Mexico, by Dr. Leslie N. Goodding, it was found that
these had been much confused in the herbarium. The
distinctions he by Hieronymus’ are as follows:

Branches about 3 mm. wide including the lateral wale? termi-
de

nal seta about haha as long as the leaf blade ..... 8. pilife rd.
Branches about 4 mm. wide including the lateral leaves; Rina
nal seta about as long as ‘the leat DisG6) ant S. Pringlei.

These characters are true in the type specimens, but the
abundant additional material at hand shows all degrees
of intergradation. The writer observed, however, that in
S. pilifera the outer margin of the lateral leaves is serru-
late at apex, and that in S. Pringle? it is quite entire. In
both, the outer margin is strongly ciliate toward base.
Inasmuch as no other constant differences are found, the
writer considers that 8S. Pringlei should not be held spe-
cifically distinct.

Except for the type of 8. pilifera, which was kindly lent
for study by the Botanisches Museum, Berlin, the speci-
mens cited below are in the National Herbarium.

SELAGINELLA PILIFERA A. Br. Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol.
App. 20. 1857.
Texas: El Paso, El Paso Co., Wright in 1849 (type).
Tamavuurpas: San José, Bartlett 10176.
CoaHuIa: Piguet Arséne 10677; E. Palmer 321.
UEVO : Monterrey, Pringle 11276; Dodge 120.
Msctemceclos N elson 6700.

SELAGINELLA ms var. Pringlei (Baker) Morton,
comb. n

Selaginella. Pringlei Baker, Handb. Fern Allies 88.
ecg

: Chisos yeti Brewster Co., Bailey 801.
Vieng, Presidio Co., Ferriss 5a. MeKit trick Canyon,
Guadalupe Mountains, Culberson Co., Moore & Steyer-
mark 3502; Standley 40549; Mrs. Slater. Pine Canyon,
Guadalupe Mountains, Culberson Co. Young. Van
Horn, Culberson Co., Ferriss.

8 Engler & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 1: 676. 1902.

16 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

New Mexico: Guadalupe Mountains, Eddy Co., Good-
Pee al ne
HUA: oe Eulalia Mountains, Pringle 271
ee, a “Wilkinso
San Luis reeseetiey Parry & Palmer 1008.
Unirep States NationaL Museum, WAsHINGTON, D. C.

Ferns of Lake Shehawken and Vicinity,
Wayne County, Pennsylvania

Weiy Dre

Lake Shehawken is a small glacial lake of about sixty
acres, situated in the extreme northeastern corner of
Pennsylvania, seven miles from New York State on the
north and six miles from the Delaware River on the east.
According to geologists the lake was formed by deposits
of glacial material closing the natural drainage basin.
This glacial ridge on the west rising only forty or fifty
feet above the lake has reversed the drainage system
here, and is all that prevents the flow of water into the
basin of the Susquehanna River through Starrueca
Creek. As it is, the lake makes an outlet in a series of
falls over a rocky ridge at the east into the Delaware
River down Shehawken Creek, exactly at the junction
of the east and west branches of the river.

The lake has an elevation above sea level of 1795 feet.
The hills on the north, locally known as the Barrens,
rise to height of 2100 feet. On the southeast is a small,
rocky, wooded hill a few hundred feet above the lake.

Preston Township, in which Lake Shehawken is sit-
uated, though less than eight miles square, contains over
twenty small lakes.

The territory adjacent to Lake Shehawken is part of
an uneven plateau varying from 1800 to 2200 feet above

FERNS OF LAKE SHEHAWKEN 17

sea level, and about 1000 feet above the level of the Dela-
ware and the Susquehanna rivers. It is broken up by a
succession of narrow, steep-sided valleys, indicating the
presence of rocks that have resisted glaciation and the
later erosion. From the top of these hills can be seen
the Catskills—Slide Mountain and more distant Peeka-
moose—less than twenty miles from the Hudson River.
A few miles to the southeast are the peaks of Sugarloaf,
Ararat, and the Elks. They are from 2500 to 2700 feet
above sea level, and during the glacial period were
islands in the mer de glace.

The rocks of this region are entirely sedimentary sand-
stone of the Upper Devonian Period. A few quartzite
erratics occur on the hillside south of the lake. Another
peculiar rock locally called ‘‘niggerhead’’ occurs in great
numbers ranging in size from two to ten feet. None of
these apparently occur in beds, but have been scattered
glacially. They consist of small angular fragments of
quartz, and often contain numerous small pockets of a
dark gray shale. When weathered, these rocks are black,
and have a curious pockmarked appearance due to un-
even decomposition. Geologically they are known as
calcareous breccias.

Although Lake Shehawken is in the same latitude as
the Massachusetts-Connecticut line, on account of the
elevation it has a climate more like that of northern New

ngland. Frosts occur in some seasons during all sum-
mer months, and winter brings temperatures of twenty
to thirty degrees F. below zero.

Fossil ferns oceur in some of the quarries of this re-
gion. They consist of impressions on the surfaces of the
sandstone laminae. In some places one finds large pock-
ets of irregularly formed shale with cleavages indicating
disturbance during formation. Some of these, only a
few inches in extent, are covered on both sides with im-

18 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

pressions of four or five ferns. Those found locally
belong to the genus Archaeopteris.

One hundred years ago the shores of this lake were
covered with a heavy growth of white pine flanked and
interspersed with virgin native hemlock. It was known
to early settlers as the Great Pine Lot. One Jone sur-
vival of the hemlocks cut last year showed an age of over
two hundred years. Before the advent of the chestnut
blight, the hill on the north contained several thousand
chestnut trees. The woods now consist of beech, red
maple, sugar maple, red oak, white oak, white ash, red
birch, black birch, and basswood, with only an occasional
hickory, butternut, and elm. Among the smaller trees
are hop hornbeam and American hornbeam, quaking
aspen, mountain ash, shadbush (Amelanchier canaden-
sis), fire cherry (Prunus pennsylvanica), striped maple,
and mountain maple. Neither dogwood (Cornus flor-
ida) nor sassafras are found in the vicinity of the lake.

The most characteristic flowering shrub is the mountain
laurel. At the northeastern side of the lake it covers
acres to the exclusion of all other growth. Rhododen-
dron (&. maximum) does not grow on the lake shores,
but is found in a swamp at the source of the small inlet
of the lake. Great quantities of azalea (A. nudiflora)
cover the Barrens. Among other shrubs are Viburnum
alnifolium, Taxus canadensis, Ilex montana, Ilex verti-
cillata tenuifolia, and in a near-by bog Kalmia glauca,
K. angustifolia, Andromeda glaucophylla, and Vaccinium
Oxycoccos.

Typical flowers of more or less restricted distribution
are Xyris caroliniana, Cornus canadensis, Clintonia bo-
realis, Trillium undulatum, Pogonia ophioglossoides,
Habenaria orbiculata, Rosa rubiginosa, Oxalis Acetosella,
Circea alpina, Scutellaria galericulata, Veronica amer-
icana, V. scutellata, Campanula rotundifolia (High

Ferns or LAKE SHEHAWKEN 19

Rock), Lobelia Dortmanna (Island Pond), Aster phlogi-
folius, A. prenanthoides, and Hieracium pilosella.

List oF FERNS

BorrYCHIUM MATRICARIAEFOLIUM A. Braun. Occa-
sional. On hill-side north-east of lake.

BorrycHIUM SIMPLEX var. TENEBROSUM (A. A. Eaton)
Clausen. Collected two miles north of Lake Shehawken
at Lake Hiawatha by Dr. Wherry and the author in
August, 1938.

BorrycHium opLtiguuM Muhl. Occasional at Lake She-
hawken. Grows with the two following forms.

Borrycuium pissectuM Spreng. Somewhat rare at .
Lake Shehawken. Specimens not finely divided. This
and the preceding species grow in great numbers on a
hillside above Lake Hiawatha.

BorrycHIUM OBLIQUUM Var. ONEIDENSE (Gilbert) Clute.
This is the common form here, and in suitable local-
ities can be found in great numbers. All the Botry-
chiums seem to prefer light shade, especially this variety.
Clearings or the edges of woods furnish the most likely
spot for these ferns. Forms growing in deeper shade
are sparsely foliaged ; in open sunshine some of them are
so densely foliaged that pressed specimens are solid with
overlapping segments. Right conditions for germina-
tion determine their occurrence. On dry hillsides a bank
of moss often contains scores of plants; in other places
the base of small rocks seems a favorite spot for their
growth

BorrycHtumM MULTIFIDUM (Gmel.) Ruprecht ssp. TYPI-
cum. Collected by the author at Lake Hiawatha, and
between Lake Shehawken and Lakewood, Pa., in August,
1938. This is the first and only authoritatively reported
occurrence of this species in Pennsylvania. It is also a
Southerly range extension of about one hundred and fifty

20 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

miles. In both localities the plants were growing in open
pasture; at Lake Hiawatha at an elevation of 1600 feet
and in thick beds of moss (Polytrichum commune), near
Lakewood in heavy pasture grass at an elevation of nearly
1900 feet.

BorrycHIUM MULTIFIDUM ssp. sILAIFoLIUM (Presl)
Clausen. Found by Dr. Wherry and the author in August
at Lake Hiawatha. Aside from the specimen reported
from the ‘‘Pocono Plateau’’ by Dr. Harshberger, this is
the only reported occurrence in Pennsylvania. This
specimen and those of B. multifidum ssp. typicwm were
examined and identified by Dr. Clausen.

BoTRYCHIUM LANCEOLATUM var. ANGUSTISEGMENTUM
Pease and Moore. Occasional. Grows with B. matri-
cariaefolium.

OTRYCHIUM VIRGINIANUM (L.) Sw. Common in moist
woods.

OpHIoGLOssuM vuLGATUM L. Shore of Lake Shehaw-
ken. June 21, 1938; spores not ripened. In association
with Drosera rotundifolia in sphagnum-bottomed grass.

OsMUNDA REGALIS L. Occasional. Bennett’s swamp.
Grows in an open field in one locality.

OsMUNDA CINNAMOMEA L. Common in swamps and
wet fields. Only occasional around the lake. The forms
incisa, auriculata, and bipinnatifida are found in the
swamps and bogs near-by, sometimes with segments of
all three forms on the same ferns. Red-stemmed forms
are occasional.

SMUNDA CuAyToNIANA L. Common. On _ drier
ground than O. cinnamomea.

ONOCLEA SENsIBILIS L. Everywhere in moist soil.

OnocLEA StruTHiopTERIs (L.) Hoffm. Infrequent.
Above the inlet at Island Pond and site of old mill at
Preston Center.

CYSTOPTERIS BULBIFERA (L.) Bernh. Known only

Ferns ofr LAKE SHEHAWKEN 21

from northern side of Shrawder’s Mountain along and
below the road to Kniewasser’s, two miles north of Lake
Shehawken. Contrary to its usual habit, it grows on a
dry rocky hillside.

CYSTOPTERIS FRAGILIS (L.) Underw. Outlet of lake.
Common on moist shaded hillsides about rocks. Plants
covered with a rare rust (Hyalospora polypodii) have
been found on boulders below High Rock near highway.

DENNSTAEDTIA PUNCTILOBULA (Michx.) Moore. Grows
everywhere. A pest to the farmers, sometimes covering
acres of pasture and underwoods and excluding all other
vegetation. To the eyes of a fern lover, however, it is a
beautiful sight in sunlit shadows.

OLYSTICHUM ACROSTICHOIDES (Michx.) Schott. Very
common in rocky woods. Incised forms are common.
One forked form was found on Shrawder’s Mountain
near the stone quarry.

PotysticHuM Braunn (Spenner) Fée. In two locali-
ties only. One on Shrawder’s Mountain near the stone
quarry. One frond measured 34 inches long. These
are the only reported localities in Wayne County.

DRYOPTERIS NOVEBORACENSIS (L.) A. Gray. Common
in moist woods. On the Barrens.

Dryopreris THELYPTERIS (L.) A. Gray Very common
on lake shore.

DryYopTeRis sIMULATA (Davenp.) Underw. Found
only in marsh near Poyntelle five miles south of Lake
Shehawken. Only reported occurrence in Wayne
County. Dr. Wherry tells me that he found a few
plants near Orson, Pa., in 1936. Occurs at Poyntelle in
great abundance.

Dryopteris cristata (L.) A. Gray. Occasional about
the lake; also in Bennett’s swamp.

Dryopteris Boorrm (Tuckerm.) Underw. Occasional.
A few plants scattered about the lake shore. On the

22 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

margin of the cranberry bog two miles south. Outline
of fronds quite variable.

DRYOPTERIS GOLDIANA (Hook.) A. Gray. <A few plants
in four localities. A single plant near the outlet of the
lake; three or four in open pasture above Bennett’s
swamp; six to eight near quarry on Shrawder’s Moun-
tain.

DRYOPTERIS MARGINALIS (L.) A. Gray. Not very com-
mon; mostly among rocks at outlet of lake. It is diffi-
cult to account for the scarcity of this fern in this lo-
eality. In the four or five hundred acres of woods north
of the lake there are scarcely twenty plants. Its place
is taken by D. intermedia and Polystichum acrosti-
choides.

DRYOPTERIS SPINULOSA (Muell.) Kuntze. Not uncom-
mon. Occasional on lake shore, and on the dryer spots
in marshes.

DRYOPTERIS INTERMEDIA (Muhl.) Gray. Very common
in all woods where the shade is not too heavy. Grows
best among rocks.

Dryopreris PuHrecopreris (L.) C. Chr. In suitable
localities. Common at falls at Scott Center, four miles |
north of Lake Shehawken.

DRYOPTERIS HEXAGONOPTERA (Michx.) C. Chr. Not
uncommon ; several spots on hillside northeast of lake.

Dryropteris LinNAEANA C. Chr. Common in suitable
conditions, especially at the base of north-facing hills or
in deep shaded, gullies.

CAMPTOSORUS RHIZOPHYLLUS (L.) Link. Few plants
in seattered localities ; usually on loose boulders on north-
facing hillsides. Outlet of lake.

ASPLENIUM PLATYNEURON (L.) Oakes. Not common. |
I have seen only about a dozen plants in all this terri-
tory. I cannot account for the scarcity of this fern here

Ferns oF LAKE SHEHAWKEN 23
unless it is due to almost complete absence of lime in the

ASPLENIUM TrRICHOMANES L. Occasional. None near
the lake. Found on moist rocks east of High Rock and
Shrawder’s Mountain.

ASPLENIUM PYCNOCARPON Spreng. Very rare. Only
known locality is at the inlet to Lobez’ Pond, one mile
west of Lake Shehawken. This is the only reported sta-
tion for Wayne County.

ATHYRIUM THELYPTEROIDES (Michx.) Desyv. Occa-
sional. Damp spots in deep woods. Bank of Shehaw-
ken Creek above O. & W. reservoir.

AtHyrium Fiurx-remima (L.) Roth. Common, with
many forms. Red-stiped forms occasional, Probably
both the southern and the northern forms occur here, if
one could separate them.

ADIANTUM PEDATUM L. Common in rich organic mold.

PTERIDIUM AQUILINUM (Li.) Kuhn. Common, especially
on the Barrens.

Potypoprum vuuGarE L. Common on large rocks in
shade,

EQuIsETUM ARVENSE L. Common; on the Barrens.

Equisetum syLvaticum L. Only one known locality
—Barrens along Travis-Holbert line.

Equiserum FuuviATILE L. Common in shallow water
and on the shore of the lake. Forms here have air cavi-
ties under ridges in lower third of stems, contrary to the
usual description.

Lycorpopium LucmuLumM Michx. Frequent in all
woods.

Lycoroprum opscurum L. Common in light shade in
moist woods.

LycopopituM oOBSCURUM var. DENDROIDEUM (Michx.)
D. ©. Eaton. Not so common as the true species. On
the Barrens northwest of the lake.

24 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

LycoropiuM ANNoTINUM L. One known station only
on south shore of Lake Como (elevation 1520 ft.), four
miles south-east from Lake Shehawken.

Lycopopium cuavatum lL. Occasional in light woods
and thickets.

LycopopIUM COMPLANATUM lL. var, FLABELLIFORME Fer-
nald. Common. The four common lycopodiums are
found growing together in some places on the Barrens.

Lycopopium TRISTACHYUM Pursh. Side-hill north of
the lake. Apparently somewhat rare. The cord-like
branchlets usually separate this species from L. com-
planatum var. flabelliforme with flattened branchlets.

Isorres Braunt Durieu. Common in lake, submerged
from 8 to 16 inches. Found also in practically all the
lakes of this region.

The above list represents the work of the author alone
during vacations of the last four or five years. It will
be found to be nearly a complete list for this locality,
although I feel confident that five or six other ferns will
eventually be found. I have found several plants that
resemble very closely Dryopteris dilatata and Dryopterts
Clintoniana that might be included in the above list.
D. dilatata has been reported from Sugar Loaf Mountain
near Orson’. Among others likely to be found later are
Woodsia ilvensis and W. obtusa, and Selaginella apoda.
There are also probably many unnamed varieties and
forms among these reported species.

It is remarkable that some of the rarer ferns are found
here at all in view of the methods used by settlers 1»
clearing the land. Huge windrows of treetops and b
were piled at intervals of forty to sixty feet. After these
were burned in the spring, all remaining logs and U2
burned limbs were tumbled into high piles and agai?
burned. Then the whole ground was thoroughly hat
" 1 Flora of North-eastern Pennsylvania. Alfred Twining.

Ferns oF LAKE SHEHAWKEN 25

rowed and sown to either buckwheat or oats. It is diffi-
cult to imagine how as many ferns as there are outlived
this castigation. All of the forests have been cut here
within the last one hundred years, and much within the
memory of the writer.

MorrisvVILLE, PENNSYLVANIA

Recent Fern Literature

Unlike its predecessor, the Flora of the Southeastern
States (1903), Small’s Manual of the Southeastern Flora

1933) covered only flowering plants, its author feeling
that the Pteridophytes deserved an independent volume.
The manuscript for this was prepared, but by the time it
Was set in type, the author’s heart had weakened to such
an extent that he was confined to his room; but his sight
and mind were as keen as ever, and he succeeded in cor-
recting the proofs, missing only a very few minor errors.
Now, nine months after his death, the work has been pub-
lished. The plan conforms closely to. that of the same
author’s Ferns of the Vicinity of New York (1935), al-
though there is one noteworthy addition: a key to the
orders, families, and genera with each descriptive para-
graph accompanied by a skillful little drawing to bring
out the features referred to. The 400-page systematic
treatment includes full-page illustrations of practically
every species, as well as several varieties. The text of the
complex genus Thelypteris was prepared by Robert P. St.
John, that of Ophioglossum by Edward P. St. John.
Notes on the cultivation of many of the species covered
were contributed by William A. Knight; and the taxo-
Sr

*Small, John K. Ferns of the Southeastern States. Science
oa Printing Co., Lancaster, Pa. 1938. 517 pp., over 200 ill.

26 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

nomie list with citations of numerous synonyms, as well
as the table of authorities cited, is the work of Dr. John
Hendley Barnhart.

Nearly 200 species and varieties of ferns and their al-
lies are included, about 25 of them being here reported
for the first time in our southeastern states. A few of
these represent garden escapes, some are West Indian
species whose presence in Florida had not previously been
observed, and 14 species in 4 genera are described as new.
Several apparent varieties are also partially described
and illustrated, but not named. Finally, there are 13
new combinations made.

The novelties deserve brief discussion here. All 4
Aspleniums named as new by E. St. John (A. plenum,
scalifolium, suave, and subtile) grow in a single sink-hole
and connecting cavern. Their aspect suggests that they
may be ecological forms of A. verecundum or hybrids
between it and A. curtissii; one is, indeed, sterile.

One of the most acceptable segregates of the super-
genus Dryopteris as monographed by Christensen is the
group to which the genus name Thelypteris belongs.
Several southeastern representatives of this group have
already been formally assigned to this genus, and 5 more
are similarly treated here (7. gongylodes, patens, serra,
submarginalis and tetragona). In addition, five species
(7. ovata, saxatilis, wnca, and versicolor R. St. Jobn, r.
reducta Small) are described as new, 3 being segregated
from T. normalis, and 2 from T. dentata. The fact that
these are mostly members of continuous intergrading
series is noted, but the possibility of their being hybrids
or ecological forms is perhaps not given sufficient consid-
eration. At any rate, in view of their intergradation,
they will no doubt some day be reduced to varietal status.

In Dryopteris, now restricted to the Woodfern grouP,
15 species are recognized as oceurring in the region COV"

Recent Fern LITERATURE 27

ered. D. boottii is included, although its occurrence here
is rather doubtful. The reviewer is unable to accept
Small’s assignment of D. celsa to localities in N. C., Tenn.,
ete., all the material he has seen from other than the orig-
inal Dismal Swamp, Virginia, area showing the features
of the variable D. clintoniana. The first new species pro-
posed in this group is D. atropalustris, four localities, one
each in Delaware, Ohio, South Carolina, and Virginia
being noted. This plant is close to D. goldiana in frond
and pinna-outline, and to D. celsa in veining, but has sori
much further from the midveins than either of them. It
strongly suggests a hybrid of D. goldiana and D. cristata
in which the sorus-position of the latter has been retained.
On raising to species rank the fern originally described
as D. clintoniana var. australis, Small has redefined this
as a plant with ‘‘dimorphism between sterile and fertile
portions abrupt and econspicuous,’’ whereas in its deserip-
tion the weakness of such dimorphism had been empha-
Sized. An interesting discovery, here first published, is
the fact that the species name floridana for our most di-
morphic woodfern is antedated by 11 years by ludo-
viciana. The second new fern of this group is assigned
the name D. separabilis in allusion to its being bipinnate
with the pinnules conspicuously separated; its sori lie
rather near midveins. The type specimen has glandular
indusia, and gives every indication of being a hybrid of
D. goldiana and D. intermedia; the material from Arkan-
Sas which is mentioned is, however, eglandular, and prob-
ably represents a hybrid between some other pair.
Novelties next appear in the genus Ophioglossum,—O.
dendroneuron, O. mononeuron, and O. pumilio E. St.
John. These differ to some extent in rootstock-shape,
leaf-outline, and veining from one another as well as from
O. tenerum and Q. crotalophoroides, long known species.
However, in view of the variability of members of this

28 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

genus, caution is needed before accepting them. In any
case the new names may not hold since names have al-
ready been given in other warm countries to plants which
lie rather close to these. In Clausen’s recent Monograph
of the Ophioglossaceae such material is referred to vari-
eties of O. nudicaule L. fil.

Small’s liking for small even if poorly differentiated
genera has led to the raising of two subgenera to genus
rank: Botrychium virginianum becoming an Osmundop-
teris, and Selaginella apoda, eatomi, and ludoviciana
appearing under Diplostachyum, innovations not likely to
be followed by anyone else. On the other hand, in a few
cases species sometimes regarded as distinct have been
lumped together.

Miss George’s illustrations are mostly good, although
those of the larger ferns represent such small fragments
of the fronds that they fail to convey any idea of the
aspect of the plant. A few, such as Pellaea atropurpured,
are based on atypical specimens. There are in the text
very few misprints or technical errors, in pleasing con-
trast to several recent books on ferns. The book is well
printed and attractively bound, although the page
margins seem unnecessarily wide. From every stand-
point it is a most worth-while work.—E. T. W.

Margaret McKenny writes agreeably in ‘‘Natural His-
tory’’ of her experiences in raising native ferns from
spores and growing them, both indoors and out. Her
method (it will not work with Osmundas) is to gather
fruiting fronds in summer and keep them wrapped 12
waxed paper in a cool, dry place until fall. The spores
are then sown on sterilized, unglazed flower-pots filled
with sphagnum moss, inverted in saucers of water, and
covered with glass bell-jars to prevent evaporation. The
prothallia, when about six weeks old, are transplanted, ™
clumps, to pots filled with a mixture of leaf-mold, loam,

Recent FERN LITERATURE 29

and sand in equal parts and again kept covered with glass.
Later, individual plants can be pricked out and given
each its own pot.

As candidates for cultivation out of doors, Christmas
fern, ostrich fern, all three Osmundas, hart’s-tongue
(which needs lime), walking fern, Dryopteris intermedia,
marginalis, and noveboracensis, maidenhair, Cystopteris
bulbifera, Dennstaedtia, polypody, and Asplenium Tri-
chomanes are recommended. Most of us will find some
of them, particularly the last two, rather difficult sub-
jects ; but they can be grown.

The article is illustrated with several excellent photo-
graphs, though that of Asplenium Trichomanes is mis-
labeled A. platyneuron. It is immediately followed by
another in which Henrick Hodge describes and pictures
some tropical epiphytic ferns—‘‘fiag-pole sitters,’’ he
calls them.

Those interested in the soil-preferences of ferns should
consult Nathan H. Woodruff’s series of articles on ‘‘Soil
Acidity at the Roots of Some Tennessee Pteridophytes.”’
Thirty-nine species of true ferns and eleven of fern-allies
were investigated. In all, 240 soil-samples were tested,
and the results are given in detail.

On the whole, they are what would be expected from
previous investigations, but a few are both interesting
and surprising. Equisetum arvense, for instance, is re-
corded as occurring only in neutral or alkaline soils.
Anyone familiar with its weedy behavior and its liking
for Sandy roadsides and railroad embankments in New
England knows that it is there far from exclusively e¢al-
eicolous. Presumably the explanation is that plants are
Physiologically adaptable and that the same species may

© best in one kind of soil in a given area under the con-

* Ferns the Adaptable. Nat, Hist. 42: 284-297. Nov., 1938.

30 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

ditions there found, and in another soil in another, and
different, region.”

Although the Index Filicum, with its supplements, pro-
vides a complete record of all species of ferns which have
been proposed, it does not include categories of lower
rank—subspecies, variety or form—nor does it cover the
Fern Allies. Both of these gaps have now been filled, for
North America north of Mexico, by the publication of
Broun’s Index.

This work comprises alphabetical lists of all accepted
species, varieties and forms, with long lists of equivalents
or synonyms, and references to the places of publication
of each. Full habitat and range data are appended.
The compilation has been thoroughly and conscientiously
done, and only a few minor errors have crept in. On line
six of the Foreword, the term ‘‘volume’’ has somehow got
inserted instead of equivalent. On page 52, ‘‘Engelm.”’
appears instead of Engler. And a few letters have been
transposed in other places. Pellaea Wrightiana has been
accidentally omitted. Not everyone will agree with
all the choices made as to which name shall be accepted
and which reduced to synonymy. It is not in accord wi
the best modern opinion to retain the Marshfern group
under Dryopteris, but at the same time segregate the
Beechfern group under Phegopteris—both should be
treated alike. On the other hand, most of the new com-
binations made in the book will be welcomed, especially
where monstrosities formerly designated varieties are
reduced to the status of form.

2 Journ. Tennessee Acad. Sei. 10: 276-290; 11: 31-52; 13: 180-
187.

1 Index to North American Ferns. By Maurice Broun. 217
pages, 1908, Published by the author. Route 1, Orwigsburg,
Penna. $2.5

SHorterR Notes 31

The great value of such a compilation to everyone who
has to look into the taxonomy and nomenclature of our
native ferns will be evident, and Mr. Broun deserves the
sincere thanks of us all for the vast amount of effort he
has expended in gathering this bibliographic material and
presenting it in so useful a form.

Shorter Notes

An ABNORMAL CoNE ON EQUISETUM TELMATEIA EHRH.
—There are several localities within a few miles of the
Stanford Campus where Equisetum telmateia Ehrh.
grows luxuriantly. In the early spring, during March
or early April, the fruiting stems appear several weeks
ahead of the sterile shoots, grow rapidly to a height of 3
to 6 decimeters, produce cones, shed enormous numbers
of spores, wither, and disappear. The sterile, photosyn-
thetic shoots with their whorls of lateral branches break
through the soil at about the time the fertile ones begin
to collapse, and remain active until late fall.

Each spring for eight or ten years I have watched these
plants and admired the pale beauty of the erect, formal
shoots arising from the black soil against a rich green
background of broad-leaved flowering plants. But not
until last season had a branching cone come to my atten-

jon. ‘

In April, 1938, after most of the fertile stems had passed
their prime, one plant bearing a fasciated cone was found
8rowing on the steep bank of a small brook high in the

oast Range a few miles west of the campus. The basal
Part of the cone was quite normal, bearing sporophylls of
normal size in regular whorls. The terminal part of the
Cone had given rise to fourteen dwarfed cones of varying
Size, upon which the sporophylls also were stunted. The

32 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

sporangia on these smaller cones seemed normal except
that each sporophyll bore fewer sporangia than the larger
ones, and apparently normal spores were being produced
by most of these sporangia. The sporophylls from the
base up to the abnormal part of the cone bore normal
sporangia and an abundance of spores.

The accompanying photographs show something of the
size and arrangement of the small cones and their rela-
tionship to the main axis of the fruiting branch. The
collapse of the axis near the base was caused by rapid
desiccation during the three or four hours that elapsed
between collecting and photographing of the specimen.

Similar abnormalities, but of less striking degree, are
common on plants of Equisetum laevigatum A. Br. grow-
ing on the levees along the Sacramento River. But in the
latter species normal cones are much smaller than in £.
telmateia, so a branching fruiting axis rarely gives rise to
more than three or four small cones.—Ira L. WI1eGiNS,
Dudley Herbarium, Stanford University.

An Unusuat Haprrat ror PELLAEA GLABELLA.—The
accompanying photograph shows a growth of Pellaea gla-
bella on the wing-walls of a railway culvert in Mont-
gomery County, Virginia, which is very unusual both in
the number of plants in a given area and in the size and
density of the individual clumps. I have had this station
under observation for several years, but until quite re-
cently I have never happened to be in its vicinity at @
time when it was possible to secure photographs. The
print here reproduced is from a negative made on July
19, 1938, by H. J. Longhead of Asheville, North Carolina.

An interesting feature of this station is that, though the
plants evidently developed from spores of plants on a nat-
ural limestone cliff a few hundred yards away, the gt owth
at the latter place is in no way comparable to that on the
culvert walls, either in the number of plants in a similar

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VOLUME 29, PLATE 2

ABNORMAL CONE OF EQUISETUM TELMATEIA

34 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

area or in size of individuals. The culvert is quite an old
one and the conerete in the seams has loosened in many
places, so that a good root-run is provided. As the near-
by cliff is of rather dense formation and with rather
minute crevices, this may account for the marked differ-
ence between the two stations—WimL1am R. KNIGHT,
Biltmore, North Carolina.

A Friorwa Fern In New York Crry.—Two years ago
Mr. Edward St. John was good enough to send me several
plants of Dryopteris floridana (or D. ludoviciana), which
I have since had under cultivation at the Brooklyn
Botanic Garden. Last August, when a stay in a hospital
was necessary, I was surprised to receive a considerable
number of leaves of the same species used as a florist’s
garnishing of a bunch of asters. I am anxious to know
how widely this Florida species is collected and shipped
for this purpose.

The leaves of this Florida fern are well adapted in
many respects for this use. They seem to resist wilting
and are glossy and attractive in cutting, although not as
gracefully delicate as our northern Dryopteris inter-
media. The plants in the greenhouse have grown beauti-
fully, and multiplied by rhizome branching. <A plant oF
two is also being tried out-of-doors with a good leaf pro-
tection as a test of its possible hardiness. :

The glossiness struck me as a distinct. point of distine-
tion between this fern and its relative, D. cristata. How-
ever, in a muck swamp in New Jersey recently I found
plants of another northern relative, D. clintoniana, which
were equally, but most unusually, glossy. These particu
lar clintoniana fern plants had been covered six inches
deep with muck thtown out of a drainagé ditch, and pet
haps this cultural condition was responsible. Inciden-
tally, one may note a minor mistake in Clute’s recent
edition of his fern book where he refers to Dryopter’s
floridana as a relative of the marshfern—R. C. BENEDICT-

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VOLUME 29, PLATE 3

1E WALLS OF A RAILWAY CULVERT

_

PELLAEA GLABELLA ON

36 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

BorrYCHIUM LANCEOLATUM IN Arizona.—A first Ari-
zona record of Botrychium lanceolatum (S. G. Gmel.)
Angstr. may be worthy of mention, even in a genus noted
for broken ranges. The author collected specimens of
this species at different stations on San Francisco Moun-
tain near Flagstaff, Coconino County, in northern Ari-
zona, on August 21, September 4, and September 25, 1938.
Dr. William R. Maxon has kindly verified the determina-
tion, and specimens have been deposited in the United
States National Herbarium and Gray Herbarium.

On San Francisco Mountain, elevation 12,612 feet and
the highest point above sea level in Arizona, Botrychium
lanceolatum is limited to the upper part of the subalpine
zone near the timberline at altitudes of about 11,000 to
11,500 feet. The plants are rare and scattered in open
areas of spruce-fir forest (Picea Engelmanni and Abies
lasiocarpa var. arizonica) and in subalpine meadows occu-
pying burned areas formerly forested. A few plants
were observed at the timberline on the edge of an alpine
meadow, but none was seen above this zone. This peak
is also the only known Arizona station of Botrychium
Lunaria (L.) Sw. Plants of the two species frequently
are found together in the same altitudinal zone and in one
case were even touching one another.

Clausen’ in a recent monograph lists Botrychiwm
lanceolatum from only three states in western Unite
States, Washington, Wyoming, and Colorado. The Ari-
zona record apparently is the southernmost known station
of the species in North America and nearly four hundre
miles southwest of the nearest localities in central Colo-
rado cited by Clausen. Occurrence of the two spore
borne species on this high, isolated voleanie cone, where
all alpine and subalpine species are disjunct, is not sut-

1Clausen, Robert T. A Monograph of the Ophioglossaceae-
Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 19 (2): pp. 1-177, illus. 1938.

SHORTER NOTES 3

prising. More unusual are the facts that Botrychium
lanceolatum has been overlooked by the many botanists
who have collected here in the past half-century and that
there are only two previous records of B. Lunaria here,

_ Peebles. Arizona’s third species, Botrychiwm virginia-
num (L.) Sw., is cited by Clausen only from C. G.
Pringle’s collection in Santa Rita Mountains near the
southern border.——E.pert L. Lirrur, Jr., Southwestern
Forest and Range Experiment Station, Tucson, Arizona.

EQUISETUM PRATENSE IN THE BLAcK Hinis.—I have not
seen any reference which mentions the presence of Hqui-
setum pratense Ehrh. in the Black Hills of South
Dakota. If there are such references, they have escaped
my notice. During the summer of 1938, I found this
Species quite common along a brook a short distance south
of Mt. Rushmore in Pennington County. It was growing
along with E. arvense L. and E. silvaticum L. I have
been collecting superficially in the Black Hills a number
of times but never saw it before. No doubt it will be
found in other parts of the Black Hills if search is made
for it; although because of its delicate nature it can easily
be overlooked when growing in grass with E. arvense.

T have collected six species in various parts of the Black
Hills —, praealtum Raf., E. hiemale l., EB. kansanum
Schaffn., E. silvaticum L., E. pratense Ehrh., and LE.
arvense -

I also have a small specimen of E. scirpoides Mx., col-
lected by H. BE. Hayward, and although I have never seen
E. laevigatum A. Br. in the Black Hills region, it must
certainly be there. In addition to these eight species,
Several others may possibly be present.—JoHN
Scuarrner, The Ohio State University.

38 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

American Fern Society
Report of the Treasurer for 1938

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DISBURSEMENTS
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AMERICAN FERN Society 39

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H. K. Svenson, Treasurer

Report of the Judge of Elections
Mrs. Elsie G. Whitney,
Secretary of The American Fern Society,
242 New Scotland Ave.,
Albany, N. Y.

My Dear Mrs. Whitney :

The results of the annual election of the American Fern
Society were as follows:

89 Ballots were returned. One of these was marked.
The remaining 88 are tabulated here.

For President
Dr. Robert T. Clausen 8
Dr. Edgar T. Wherry
Dy. He K. Svens
Dr. Ralph C. Benedict ..
For Vice-President
r. Arthur N. Leeds 86
Dr. Robert T. Clausen 1

Hw oo

For Treasurer
Dr. Henry K. Svenson oe ccecenneennenserseee 87
Mr. Arthur N. Leeds 1

As Judge of Elections, I declare the regular nominees
elected: Dr. Robert T. Clausen for President, Mr. Arthur
N. Leeds for Vice-President, Mrs. Elsie G. Whitney for
Secretary, and Dr. Henry K. Svenson for Treasurer.
Respectfully submitted,

Dee.15,1988. Jamus L, Epwarps, Judge of Elections

40 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

New members:
Dow, Dr. E. L., 8:Golf View Road, Palm Beach, Florida.
Pyron, Joseph Hi, Dept. of Botany, University of Georgia,
Athens, Ga.
hchardi Donald, "dase Bennett Ave., Chicago, Illinois.
Richards, E, H., 1 atson Court, Prataktox': Kentucky
Smith, A. V., Central High School, 13th & Clifton Sts., wie
ington, D ©.
Smith, Miss fab 821 aah Ave., Jersey City, N. J.
Van Schaack, Dr.’ Eva Dept. of Plant pel Johns
Hopkins ee Be hee Patio Md.
Changes of ere
Dix, L., 801 Crown St., Morrisville, Pennsylvania.
Fessenden, 7 “seal, 5130 Connecticut Ave., Washington,

DEC.

Flett, J. B., R. D 4, Bremerton, Wash.

Hall, Mrs. CarlottaiC., 1633 La Loma Ave., Berkeley, Cal.

rae rford, Joseph S., 3172 the Boulevard, Westmont, Mon-
real, Canada.

Van Meter, Miss Mary G.,.1316 New Hampshire Ave., Wash-
ington, D. C.

Mr. Spawn’s geo: is Willman, not William, as
misprinted in the recently issued list of members; and
Mrs. G. W. Madi should have been Mrs. G. W-
Strattan. |

Rey. E. A. Elliott whe that he plans to grow a num
ber of hart’s-tongue plants in his garden near Reading,
England, next season ‘fas some of your meee might
like to have a quantity of spores sent over.’

Mr. W. A. Grace, 3 Swiss Ave., Wanganui, New Zea-
land, would like to obtain living plants or viable spore
of North American ferns and will give specimens of New
Zealand species in retush,

_ ‘The impo: portant. varia

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Vol. 29 April-June, 1939 No. 2 ee

Ampriran #eru Journal

A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO FERNS
Published by the

AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY
cd

EDITORS
Cc. A. WEATHERBY

R. C, BENEDICT W. R. MAXON
Rd

CONTENTS
Identity of Aspidium ludovicianum......._... J. K. Sann 41
Peaton -of the exclusively North American Species
=. J. H. tc 45
Sele sealer of Santi-central New Yor
= SS tae tp ed. aces
fe Daan ina ae ee Se ch ck.
: lanthes in the Sonoran Desert and some Adjacent

= “Notes on American Forse SCH Se ee.
oe Recent F. Literature ue eae

_ Shorter Notes.

pntered a as penond-<iai ae
feta ce ate of postin of soar

The American Hern Society

Council for 19359
OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR

Rozerr T. CLAUSEN, Bailey Hortorium, Ithaca, N. Y.........Pré sident
*ArTHUR N. LEEDS, hicelasae gape Se Sag er net Vice-President
Mrs. ELSIE GissON WHITNE Nee ea Secretary.

Henry K. SVENSON, Brooklyn. Aap ‘Goede Brooklyn, N. Y.
Treasurer
OFFICIAL ORGAN
American Fern Journal
EDITORS
CAS WEATHERRY (25) 27 Raymond St., Cambridge, Mass.
R. C. BENEDICT 1819 Dor as Ro ad, Brooklyn, N. ¥-

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‘ders hae er nage Pay gem PCTS
should os Seen the Treasurer of the Society.
ee : LIBRARIAN
{. Rusk, Brooklyn Bot nie Gard , Brooklya, N.Y.

Becca RATOR OF THE HERBARIUM

American Fern Journal

Vou. 29 APRIL—JUNE, 1939 No. 2

The Identity of Aspidium ludovicianum
JoHN K. SMALL

Louisiana held an attraction for plant collectors at an
early date. The Louisiana prior to 1803 comprised what
is now the central United States west of the Mississippi
River, except the territory that later became Texas.
However, the part concerned in this note refers, evidently,
to what is now known as the state of Louisiana. Although
remote from the Atlantic Coastal region and thus less
accessible, collections of plants made in the eighteenth
century became the basis of floras published in the first
decade of the nineteenth century. European collectors,
French and German, ventured into that wilderness when
the population was scant. The following note in Flora 6:
336. 1823, records one fatality—the discoverer of the
fern under consideration. ‘‘Vor ungefahr 30 Jahren
meldeten politische Zeitungen aus Amerika, das ein Hr.
Prof. Ludwig aus Leipzig, auf einer botan. Excursion in
den dortigen Waldern von einer Klapperschlange gebissen
worden und bald darauf als ein wahrhafter Martyrer der
Botanik gestorben sey.’’ Or, as translated: ‘‘Thirty
years ago the newspapers of America informed us that a
Herr Professor Ludwig of Leipzig, on a botanical excur-
Sion in the forests there, was struck by a rattlesnake, and
soon thereafter died, a true martyr to botany.’’

The second stage in this fern’s history began with the
<a! of the species Aspidium (Polystichum) ludo-

[Volume 29, No. 1 of the Journat, pages 1-40, plates 1-3, was
issued April 2 1939.]

41

42 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

vicianum. This description was based on the Ludwig
specimen from Louisiana by Prof. Kunze, who also records
that he saw it growing in the Berlin Botanical Garden.
Professor Kunze writes (American Journal of Science and
Arts, ser. 2. 6: 84-85, 1848) : ‘‘ A fine species, which cannot
be confounded with any one known to me; in habit it
approaches somewhat to A. (Nephr.) page ; it is 12
feet high; the cireumference of the entire fertile pinnulae
varies from lanceolate to oblong; the veins are repeatedly
furcate and the upper branch rarely; also the following
bear the sori; the sterile branches of the veins end just
before reaching the margin only slightly thickened.’’

The next stage in the career of this fern seems to have
been where Mettenius (Uber Einige Farngattungen 64.
1857) cites it as a synonym of Aspidium CHINESE
most remarkable idea in geographic distribution.

Three years later D. C. Eaton (Chapman’s Flora 595.
1860) quotes a description attributed to Mettenius. Fol-
lowing the Mettenius quotation occurs the statement,
‘‘Florida to Louisiana, Kunze.’’ (The quotation marks
are mine.) It is not certain who supplied the word
Florida. (Curiously enough the same geographic range
is given under Aspidium Floridanum, the description of
which follows that of A. ludovicianum.) Eaton then
quotes another line of description not attributed to any
one and volunteers, ‘‘I have not seen this Fern which has
more recently been referred by Mettenius to A. canariense

Br 9?

Later D. C. Eaton (Ferns of North America 2: 162.
1880) records that ‘‘ Aspidium Ludovicianum is unknown.
tome. It was placed in Polystichum by Kunze.’’*

Thus after a career of uncertainties in literature, except
in one list, where Carl Christensen (Index Filicum 80.

1 This is not quite correct, for Kunze placed it in Aspidiwm
section Polystichum.

a2 Se L tif
Lip flex Vln 4%
3 z — 2
Fi aciatres Tax Lam
LL eseseenessstssiceenesennnsen i

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

VOLUME 29, PLATE 4

s
Lbs,
©

< ; \
“ dadirocecancee: A
¢ Leerhas

CA tats tere Pte Baéwl. eet.

Prony rn. Me

TYPE SPECIMEN OF ASPIDIUM LUDOVICIANUM KzE

44 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

1906) records the fern as a subspecies of Dryopteris Filiz-
mas, one of our more well-marked species of Dryopteris
dropped out of sight, as far as its original specific desig-
nation is concerned.

This long-drawn-out uncertainty has now been solved.
A letter to Dr. L. Diels, General Director of the Berlin
Botanical Garden and Museum, brought the following
information: ‘‘I am enclosing a photo of Aspidium Ludo-
vicianum Kz. as represented in our herbarium. The
specimen comes from the herbarium of Mettenius which
is now in our Museum. This writing is difficult, therefore
I put it down here for you.

1. Uppermost label: Asp. Ludovicianum Kz.
Herb. Leonhardi h. Berl. 5/1. 5
Das Blatt lanzettlich, die unteren
Abschnitten bedeutend verkurzt,
fast wie bei cristatwm, 3-seitig
eiformig.
Excrescentiae pedicelli
sporangii nullae
2. Middle label: ssp. floridanum Hk.
: ist das echte Ludovicianum Kz.
ist mit mas zu vereinigen.
3. Lowest label written by G. a the synonymy =A.
longatum var.= A. Filix mas var. is from
Hieronymus. ’’1

After the stormy career and tossing about as is recorded
on the herbarium sheet above referred to, it turns out that
this fern, Dryopteris ludoviciana, is an excellent and
thoroughly distinct species identical with the one which
eleven years later was named Aspidium cristatum flori-
danum and for many years has been known as Dryopteris
floridana.

The geographic distribution of this species is somewhat
peculiar. From peninsular Florida it ranges up through

1 Not all of this shows in the photograph. Some of it is cut off ;
the faded ink in another part has failed to register on the negative.

DISTRIBUTION OF EQUISETUM 45

the Atlantic coast region to North Carolina. Apparently
it does not follow the Gulf Coast but, skipping Alabama
and Mississippi, it reappears in Louisiana. Specimens
recorded from Alabama represent a different species.

nother curious circumstance is that although the fern
was collected in Louisiana several times in the earlier part
of the past century, for example, Louisiana, 1837, without
collector’s name, Hale, Alexandria (the first mentioned
specimen perhaps sent to Durand by Hale), it was not
found there again until last spring by Clair A. Brown,
near Baton Rouge.

New York Botanical GARDEN

The Distribution of the Exclusively North
American Species of Equisetum *

JoHN H. SCHAFFNER

Of the twenty-three living species of Equisetum so far
recognized by the writer, five are confined to North Amer-
ica and three of these are among the common herbaceous
plants of the central United States. During many years
of field work on Equisetum and study in the larger Amer-
ican and European herbaria, large numbers of geographic
distribution records of these species have been accumu-
lated, which are presented in the accompanying maps.
Each black dot on the maps indicates that one or more
Specimens of the species have been studied by the writer,
either herbarium specimens or specimens collected in the
field, from the indicated locality. A few apparently
authentic published records have been included, which
are marked by a plus (+) sign. The maps, therefore,
“1 inca actual distribution of the species as ascer-

* Papers from the Department of Botany, The Ohio State Uni-
versity, No. 401.

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VOLUME 29, PLATE 5

oA
pe HR

EXCLUSIVELY NortH AMERICAN SPECIES OF EQuIsSETUM.

DISTRIBUTION OF EQUISETUM 47

tained by the writer up to the present time. It was
thought best to keep within the definitely known limits
for the present, and the distribution boundaries can then
be expanded in the future when authentic records become
available.

There has been much confusion in the naming of
Equisetum species in the past, so it is useless to depend
on published records. The first catalog of Kansas plants,
for example, published in 1872, contained the names of
three species of Equisetum. But not one of these is a
member of the state flora.

In the literature, one finds the most extreme mistakes
in the identification of species made by reputable system-
atists. Thus EZ. arvense L. has sometimes been confused
with E. telmateia Ehrh., EF. trachyodon A. Br. with E.
mooret Newmn., HE. ramosissimum Desf. with E. trachyodon
A. Br., ete. These are among the most easily recognized
Species, so it is not surprising to find a great amount of
confusion among the difficult ones. Part of this is due
to the imperfect keys which have been perpetuated from
the past in our common manuals.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE

Map 1. Equisetum laevigatum A. Br. Rhode I. to Ga., Ark., Tex.,
uatemala, Calif., Br. Col., Alberta, and Ont.
Map 2. Equisetum praealtum Raf. Nova Sco otia, to W. Fla., south
* central Mex., ap Br. Col, Great Slave Lake of Mac-
d Quebe

ke ec.

Map 3. Equisetum seen Schaffn. Ohio to Mo., Tex., Ariz.,
Calif., Wash. ea ete Mie

Map 4a, Equisetum nelsoni (A, A. Eat.) Schaffn. Vt. to Ill., Wis.,
N. Dak., Ky., and Mont.

Map 4b. Equisetum funstoni A. A. Eat. Northern Calif. to Ariz.,
and Mex.

CoLumsBus, OxI0

48 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

On Some Pteridophytes of South-Central
ew

R. T. CLausEN AND 8. J. SmitrH

The general area covered by these notes includes the
counties of Tompkins, Schuyler, Steuben, Chemung, and
Tioga. The pteridophytes of this region have been con-
sidered in recent times by House (1924) and, in part, by
Wiegand and Eames (1926). Records included in the
present discussion are to be considered as supplementary
to those already published in these previous papers. In
a few instances, notes from outside the area defined above
are also included in order to clarify or to bring up to date
the knowledge of certain species whose status has been
imperfectly known. Names of collectors most frequently
cited are abbreviated as: C, R. T. Clausen; S, S. J. Smith;

T, Harold Trapido, and W, W. C. Wilson.

LycopopIuM SELAGO var. PATENS (Beauv.) Desv. Rich
woods across road from Brelsford Farm, Park Hill, Erin,
Chemung Co., 8 162. This collection has the entire leaves,
broadened at the base, and the large spores (40 + 1) char-
acteristic of L. Selago, but we have been unable clearly
to make out the details of spore-coat architecture as given
by Wilson (1934).

LycoPopIUM LUCIDULUM var. OCCIDENTALE (Clute) Wil-
son. Woods, valley of South Owego Brook, two miles
northeast of South Owego, Tioga Co., C & W 3398. Speci-
mens of this collection have been submitted to Dr. L. B-
Wilson, who has kindly verified the determination.

LycoroptuM ANNOTINUM var. Acrrroutum Fernald. Al
though reported as rare by Wiegand and Eames (1926),
who list it from three stations in the Cayuga Lake Basin,
this variety seems to be rather widely distributed in

PTERIDOPHYTES OF SouTH-CENTRAL NEw YorK 49

swampy woods at the southern part of the watershed. In
addition to the stations already published, we may cite
the following recent collections: wooded knoll at edge of
marsh southwest of South Cortland, Cortland Co., C, W,
& E. Lawn 2383; southern end of Michigan Hollow, near
northeast base of Ball Hill, Danby, Tomkins Co., C &
C. M. Beal 1471; and in pine woods, Ringwood, Tompkins
Co., C & W. T. Winne 1554. From the area south and
west of the Cayuga Lake Basin, several collections also
may be cited: swampy woods about one mile south of
Halsey Valley, Tioga Co., C, T, & W 2473; woods, valley
of South Owego Brook, two miles northeast of South
Owego, Tioga Co., C & W 3406, also observed at three
other new stations in Tioga Co.; wooded slope of Laurel
Hill, Erin, Chemung Co., 8 163, also four other stations
at Erin; woods southwest of South Erin, Chemung Co.,
C &W 2423; wooded south slope of ravine one mile north
of Alpine, Schuyler Co., C & W 3408; Arnot Forest,
Cayuta, Schuyler Co., S 165; and Tobehanna Lake,
Schuyler Co., C 145. This variety also occurs in the valley
of Carter Creek, Newfield, and on Walker Hill, Cayuta.

LYCoPopIUM OBSCURUM var. DENDROIDEUM (Michx.) D.
C. Eaton. Moist field east of McDonough, Chenango Co.,
C & W 2039; Park Station, Chemung Co., 8 174; also
observed by the junior author on Redfern Hill, Erin, at
Oakley Corners near Newark Valley, and on Connecticut
Hill, Newfield. Reported as the common form of the
species in New York by House (1924), but we consider
this to be a rather rare plant in the central part of the
State, while it is still unknown from the Cayuga Lake

asin.

LYcopoptuUM COMPLANATUM var. FLABELLIFORME Fer-
nald. Common and widely distributed. Occasional speci-
mens closely approach the var. typicum and demonstrate

50 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

that the population of eastern North America should not
be separated as a species from typical L. complanatum.

LycopopiuM TRISTACHYUM Pursh. Laurel Hill, Erin,
Chemung Co., S 253, and C & K. W. Hunt 2040. Toler-
ably common in Van Etten Township, Chemung Co.; in
Cayuta Township, Schuyler Co.; in Caroline and New-
field Townships, Tompkins Co.; and in Lapeer Township,
Cortland Co.; and in this region with the distinctness of
a reasonably good species.

IsOETES ECHINOSPORA Dur. In our area this was first
reported by Clute (1901) from Cinnamon Lake, Barbour.
MeVaugh (1938) listed the species from Loon, Cinnamon
and Cranberry Lakes, also from Cayuta Lake, W. C.
Muenscher 16803. A collection, C & T 3467, from Cinna-
mon Lake is of interest because the leaves of these plants
were mostly reddish-olive. As Iversen (1928) has demon-
strated that the characters used for separating J. Brawnit
from I. echinospora are not satisfactory, the senior author
prefers to employ for this cireumboreal species only the
binomial designation.

Isorres Eatont Dodge. Cayuta Lake, Schuyler Co.,
W. C. Muenscher 17657. Other New York collections rep-
resented in the herbarium at Cornell University are: 12
eight inches of water, near outlet of Lower Chateaugay
Lake, Franklin Co., W. C. Muenscher & B. Maguire 666;
emersed on sandy shore, West Branch Reservoir, Carmel,
Putnam Co., W. C. Muenscher & O. F. Curtis, Jr. 53973
shore of Glass Lake, Rensselaer Co., W. CO. Muenscher &
C 4129; and sandy shore of Tackawasick Lake, Rensselaer
Co., W. C. Muenscher & C 4128. The megaspores of these
specimens show the crowded erests characteristic of the
species and match those of one of the cotypes examined
by the senior author.

PTERIDOPHYTES OF SouTH-CENTRAL New York 51

IsonTES ENGELMANNI A. Br. Cayuta Lake, Schuyler
Co., W. C. Muenscher 16805 & 17658; mill pond south of
Lake Como, Groton City, Tompkins Co., W. C. Muenscher
& V. M. Lefler 18230. Apparently rare in south-central
New York.

EqQuiseTuM LAEvIGATUM A. Br. Known from three sta-
tions in the Cayuga Lake Basin: along railroad and
Cayuga Lake shore north of Esty Glen, Ithaca, Tomp-
kins Co., A. R. Bechtel & K. M. Wiegand 7423; caleareous
shore of Cayuga Lake, Farleys, Cayuga Co., C & S 3513;
sandy beach, Howland Point, Springport, Cayuga Co.,
A. J. Eames & A. Gershoy 9071. Also in the herbarium
at Cornell University is a collection from Jefferson Co.:
roadside by Tributary 25, Black River, two miles above
Carthage, W. C. Muenscher & B. Maguire 1508. The
specimens from Cayuga and Tompkins counties have
rather smooth stems with long funnel-shaped green
Sheaths, as is characteristic for the species, while the
plants from Jefferson Co. differ in having the stems
roughly tuberculate.

The specimens obtained by the writers at Farleys on
August 7, 1938, had well-developed strobili. Although,
like the other two collections cited from the Cayuga Lake
Basin, these fertile shoots seemed definitely to represent
E. laevigatum, yet, attached to the same rootstocks, were
the remains of shoots of E. hyemale var. affine. Such evi-
dence would seem to indicate that, at least in central New
York, £. laevigatum is a seasonal and ecological form of
E. hyemale var. affine, represented on lake and river
Shores by the shoots of the year which develop rapidly in
the late spring and summer. The senior author is at pres-
ent engaged in a study of this problem.

Equiserum varmeaatuMm Schleich. Wet open ground
along Trumansburg Road near Williams Brook, Ithaca,

52 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Tompkins Co., S & Doris Murray ; steep northern slope of
Old Buttermilk Ravine, Ithaca, C & T 3268; springy
south bank of Six Mile Creek, just below Green Tree
Falls, Ithaca, C 3430 (station discovered on April 2, 1938,
by L. Bernstein and G. R. Mandels). These three collec-
tions represent the first records of this species from the
Cayuga Lake Basin. At the first station, the plant occurs
in association with several locally unusual species which
might indicate a disturbed habitat, but the Hquisetum
seems well established and must have been there for many
years. At the second station, the habitat is entirely nat-
ural and undisturbed, in a ravine which also harbors
other northern plants, as Equisetum scirpoides and Viola
Selkirkvi; while at the last station, the habitat also appears
undisturbed.

Since many collections of this species have come into
the herbarium at Cornell University during recent years,
it now seems desirable to review its distribution in the
state in the light of these new records (see pl. 6). In the
citations which follow, only one collection is listed from
each county. Cayuga: Auburn, C. Atwood. Clinton: Val-
cour, M. Pladeck 17078. Essex: Willsboro Bay, Lake
Champlain, W. C. Muenscher, W. E. Manning, & B.
Maguire 14. Herkimer: Herkimer, J. V. Haberer 2677.
Jefferson: Dexter, M. L. Fernald, K. M. Wiegand, & A. J.
Eames 14067. Lewis: Lyons Falls, J. V. Haberer 2537.
Madison: Sullivan Station, H. D. House 16685. Oneida:
Sauquoit, J. V. Haberer. Oswego: Selkirk, W. W. Rowlee
& K.M. Wiegand 10. Otsego: Summit Lake, W. C. Muen-
scher & O. F. Curtis, Jr. 4790. St. Lawrence: Brasher
Falls, W. C. Muenscher & B. Maguire 641. Saratoga:
Waterford, 8S. H. Burnham. Washington: W. Fort An,
S. H. Burnham. Wayne: Sodus Center, W. C. Muenscher
18448. All of the above collections represent var. typt-
cum, the variations of which in this state seem unworthy

VOLUME 29, PLATE 6

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

:
ax.
ima
’ at fe

Fe Ae Fg LS

a

‘ Md s0scncanenecee

\ .

=

IONS EXAMINED BY THE WRITERS;

’

CROSSES, LITERATURE REcorRDS,

RANGE OF EQUISETUM VARIEGATUM IN NEW York. Dors INDICATE COLLECT

54 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

of further nomenclatorial distinction. The species is also
reported from Erie, Niagara, and Wyoming Counties by
Zenkert (1934), and from Greene County by Coville
(1889).

Although Equisetum variegatum sheds spores from
mid-June to mid-September, strobili at various stages of
development may be found at almost any time of the year.

BotrYCHIUM MULTIFIDUM (Gmel.) Rupr., ssp. TYPICUM.
Field on westward facing slope southwest of Labrador
Pond, alt. 1850 feet, northern Truxton Township, Cort-
land Co., C & T 3728. This has been previously definitely
recorded by the senior author (Clausen, 1938) only from
northern New York. At the locality cited, this subspecies
was growing in association with Lycopodium sabinae-
folium and six other species of Lycopodium. Nearby were
other plants of B. multifidum which were intermediate
towards ssp. silaifolium.

BorrYcHIUM MULTIFIDUM ssp. SILAIFOLIUM (Pres!)
Clausen. Hilltop field and wooded slope, Laurel Hill,
Erin, Chemung Co., S 186, C & K. W. Hunt 2035, and ©,
W, & E. Lawn 2036; field on slope southeast of South
Erin, Chemung Co., C & W 2429; hillside field near Co-
hoecton, Steuben Co., T 235; field on slope northwest of
Willseyville, Tioga Co., W & R. H. Wilson; field north of
Ringwood Preserve, Tompkins Co., C & R. Smith 1469:
This subspecies also occurs at Cayuta, Schuyler Co., and
in Cortland Co., in the northwest corner of Lapeer TOW?
ship.

BorrYCHIUM DISsECTUM var. ONEIDENSE (Gilbert) Fat
well. Although not listed from the Cayuga Lake Basi™
by Wiegand and Eames (1926), nor recorded from this
part of the state by House (1924), the var. oneidense
really is fairly common and rather widely distributed 3°

é

PTERIDOPHYTES OF SOUTH-CENTRAL NEW YorK 55

dry woodlands in the hill country of the south-central
counties: Chemung Co., Erin and South Erin; Cortland
Co., Lapeer and Truxton townships; Schinview Co., Cay-
uta; Steuben Co., west side of Waneta Lake; Tioga Co.,
South Owego and Campville; and Tompkins Co., New-
field, Caroline, Ringwood, and Groton. In the above
area, this population produces fertile segments less fre-
quently than do any of the other varieties of B. dissectum.
The sterile blades regularly remain green throughout the
winter, when they may be decidedly conspicuous, particu-
larly if there is a light blanket of snow upon the ground.
This makes it relatively easy to locate the plants during
the winter and early spring, when most vegetation is
brown and drab

BorrycHIuM sIMpLeXx Hitcheock, var. TypicuM. Ca-
yuta Lake, Schuyler Co., W. R. Dudley.

BorrycHIUuM SIMPLEX var. LAXIFOLIUM Clausen. Rich
woods along brook on north side of Laurel Hill, Erin,
Chemung Co., 8, also C & G. H. M. Lawrence 2625; Sabin
Farm, Danby, 1882, F. C. Curtice; Newfield, A. Gershoy
7405. The Curtice specimens previously have been des-
ignated as B. Lunaria var. onondagense, but are definitely
to be referred here.

BorryYcHIUM SIMPLEX var. TENEBROSUM (A. A. Eaton)
Clausen. Moist woods along brook, Park, Chemung OCo.,
C 3487 ; Odessa, Schuyler Co., 0. E. Pearce ; edge of Over-
flow Swamp, Ringwood, Tompkins Co., C 83 & 84. This
seems to be rare in the south-central part of the state. At
Ringwood, the number of plants found during any season
has varied from six to twelve, and these grow in associa-
tion with Thuidium, Liparis Loeselii, Malaxis brachy-
poda, and Mitella nuda.

BorrycHiuM MATRICARIAEFOLIUM A. Br. Common on
dry woodland slopes and in old ros throughout the

56 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

south-central counties. Plants which grow in shaded
- woodland situations usually mature spores two or more
weeks later than do those which grow in open fields.
Specimens collected in woods at Ringwood, Tompkins Co.,
on the same day when plants in the fields were at the
height of shedding spores, were just coming up, with the
sporangia still green. Field-inhabiting forms have a
more compact habit and are more inclined to be leathery
or fleshy, while shade forms may be rather tall and slen-
der. During June, 1933, the senior author collected
plants in the low rich woods north of Spring Lake, Ca-
yuga Co., which attained a height of almost three deci-
meters and were extremely slender. On June 11, 1936,
in woods at Newfield, Tompkins Co., W. C. Wilson and
the senior author found a plant, furnishing an apparent
example of a’branching rhizome, which bore nine leaves
from a single base.

BorRYCHIUM LANCEOLATUM ssp. ANGUSTISEGMENTUM
(Pease and Moore) Clausen. Common in rich moist or
dry woods, particularly on slopes, also sometimes in
grassy fields, and often oceurring in association with the
preceding species. Plants in good condition have been
found as late as October 25, at which time the buds were
greatly enlarged and exposed, having burst through the
base of the surrounding leaf-stalk.

OpmiocLossum vuLcaTum L. Open swale in white oak
woods, Comfort Hill, Ashland Township, Chemung ©0-,
S & H. Scudder 936; open swaly field 4 mile south of
Park, Chemung Co., S 920; in meadow two to three miles
southeast of McDonough, Chenango Co., C & W 2166 ;
alder thicket along Bowman Creek, East McDonough,
Chenango Co., C & J. L. Edwards 2585; meadow on hill-
top east of Waneta Lake, Schuyler Co., C 1307; bogey
hillside meadow, headwaters of Doolittle Creek, two miles

PTERIDOPHYTES OF SOUTH-CENTRAL New YorK 57

east-northeast of Perryville, Tioga Co., C & S 2641; mossy
turf of field, Lounsberry, Tioga Co., C 3456. The junior
author has also collected this species in Cortland Co., in
Lapeer Township, and in Tompkins Co., at Michigan Hol-
low, Danby.

CRYPTOGRAMMA STELLERI (Gmel.) Prantl. Wet shaly
cliffs of Watkins Glen, Schuyler Co., 8 967 ; Havana Glen,
Schuyler Co., ZH. J. Pickett in 1884. Specimens of the
latter collection are preserved in the Buffalo Museum.

Dryopreris Puecopreris (L.) C. Chr. South side of
ravine west of Waneta Lake, Steuben Co., C 26 & 27;
wooded slope in small ravine one mile west of Newark
Valley, Tioga Co., C & S§ 3492; moist ledges, Buttermilk
Ravine, Tioga Township, Tioga Co., C 3507; cliffs along
Carter Creek, Tompkins Co., S 235, also C & W 2102.
Also observed at Candor, Elmira, Erin, and Newfield
Junction.

DRYOPTERIS SPINULOSA var. AMERICANA (Fischer) Fer-
nald. Ravine on slope southwest of Cascade, Cayuga Co.,
C & W 2399. One large clump with basal pinnules on
upper and lower sides of basal pinnae 5 mm. apart, and
with those on the lower side farthest from the main rachis
and mostly exceeding the others. Plants in the same
ravine showed various stages of intergradation into the
vars. intermedia and typica: in some the lowermost basal
pinnules much exceeded the others and were long-attenu-
ate, but less than 4 mm. from the upper basal pinnules; in
others, the basal pinnules were shorter and blunt, but
more distant from each other.

Woopsta 1LvENsIS (L.) R. Br. Exposed ledges on High
Point northwest of Naples, Ontario Co., @ & W 1198. At
this station, the species was growing on the ledges in asso-
elation with Arabis lyrata and Clematis verticillaris.

58 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

According to House (1924), it has not been reported from
west of Cayuga and Tompkins Counties.

LITERATURE CITED
Clausen, Robert T. 1938. A Monograph of the Ophioglossaceae.
em. pied Bot. Club 19(2): 1-177. figs. 1-
Clute, W. N. 1901. First Suppl., The Flora of the ee Susque-
hanna bs Its Tributaries. Binghamton, W. N. Clute 0.

pp.
Coville, F. - 1889. 42nd Report N. Y. State Museum, p. 3
House, H. D. 1924. Annotated List of the Ferns and Bates
Pl se of New York State. N. Y. State Mus. Bull. No. 254.

pp. 1-759.
Iversen, Johannes. 1928. ther die Spezies-Umgrenzung und Vari-
ti © Teoties echinospora Durieu. Botanisk Tidsskrift.

40: aes
jvc an 1938. Aquatic Vegetation of the sey and
Chemung Watersheds. Suppl. 27th Ann. Rep. N. . Con-
95.
1 The Flora = the
Cayuga Lake Basin. Canal Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta. 92.
pp. 1-491. map.
Wilson, L. R. 1934. Spores of the Genus Lycopodium in the
United States and Canada. Rhodora 36: 13-19. pls. 27
277.

ee : A, 1934, The Flora of the Niagara Frontier Region.
o Soe. Nat. Sei. Bull. 16: i-x, 1-328, illus.

Battey Horrortum, CorNeLL UNIVERSITY,
IrHaca, NEw York.

CHEILANTHES IN THE SONORAN DESERT 59

Distributional Notes on and a Key to the Species
of Cheilanthes in the Sonoran Desert and
Certain Adjacent Regions

Ira L. Wiaains

Owing to meager locality data on herbarium labels it
is often difficult to determine whether a particular speci-
men is from within the limits of the Sonoran Desert or
from adjacent mountains at elevations above those com-
monly reached by the true desert flora. The key pre-
sented herewith includes, therefore, several species of
Cheilanthes that probably never occur within the floristic
confines of the Sonoran Desert. It includes all of the
species of this genus known by me to grow in Arizona,
Sonora, and Baja California, but only those Californian
representatives that occur definitely within the floristic
limits of the Colorado Desert, a phytogeographie subdivi-
sion of the Sonoran Desert. The extra-desert species are
included because heretofore no key including all the spe-
cies involved has been available for the ready identifica-
tion of specimens, and the privilege of examining the large
collections in the United States National Herbarium
afforded an unusual opportunity for the preparation of
such a key. The distributional notes are based on her-
barium specimens in the National Herbarium and in the
Dudley Herbarium of Stanford University, and upon field
observations made during numerous trips into all of the
political divisions represented within the limits of the
Sonoran Desert.

Dr. William R. Maxon kindly placed all of the fern
material of the National Herbarium at my disposal and
gave me much valuable aid in selecting characters that
might be used in the key. My sincere thanks are due and
gratefully given to Dr. Maxon for this and other greatly
appreciated advice.

60 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

KEY TO THE SPECIES
Rhizome massive, Pe acs, the divisions erect, decumbent, or
short-cre
Segments of blade — glandular-viscid or glandular-
puberulent abov ;
Rhizome-scales thin " soft, erinkly-sinuate, light cinna-
meous ; blades narrowly oblong; glands sessile or
essentially so

1. C. vis
Rhizome-scales rigid, straight, black and pri
ir toid or ate 2 pio a the basal pinnae fase
ands obviously stalked
a ae Pee iti
ke, ei sare or if fateh not glandul
Ultimate segments 3-6 mm. bro aes pes very fra agile at
ee wah several transverse pss: of weakness
marked by distinct donstrie tio
3. C. Bra ndegei.
Ultimate Pave gaat 1-2 mm. broad; ces are 7 — frac-
without weakened constr
Fronds ‘glabrous above; ulti sepa vate
ar-elliptic, acute es short subulate at she
cache idegioe-abale a. avily sclerotic

argins
Pinnules Baa sek sori ner ed with distinet,
eniform to short-lunate indusia.
4. C. - i.

“te ifornica
Pinnules pie sori contiguous, with a common,
rir - or shallowly \obed, linear in-

kduea erin ely long-ciliate; rachis-wings
and segments not red-dotted bein
. pyr midalis.
Indusia eciliate; rachis- -wings Ay segments
red-dotted beneath.
5a. A B edanyewst:

arizonica.
Fronds Poe on the upper surface; ta ate segme q
oadly ovate to orbie use or rounde

ular, ob
at the apex; rhizome-scales sclerotic and oo
colored centrally, the margins lighter am
inner. :
Rachis-seales few or wanting; stipes hairy oF
ing]

ro
&
3
ta}
=
Fa
oO

an ensely tomentose; stipe nea FA
neti rachises of pinnae sparing!Y
ca

C. Parishii.
oan arachnoid- aien above, densely
entose beneath; stipe hairy
arn rachises of pinnae scaleless.
7. C. Fee.

CHEILANTHES IN THE SONORAN DESERT 6]

Rachis-seales numerous, imbricated, tangled;

Seales of Page broadly ovate-cordate,
2.4 wide, acute to short-
acuminate, closely Teabieatee ob-
curing lower surface of segments.
. villosa.
Seales of rachises narrowly lanceolate to

iecaasaue densely toment and ¢
t above; Pxae: scales light
say to white, lane oe

9. es
Segments sparsely arachnoid- villéns and

mare brash ates linear, light cinna-
ultimat te cats
m. in diam a

10. C. tom a.
ried narrowly lanceolate, aes
astan a ultimat e segments
—2.5 mm me:

C.c
Rhizome stati widely creping, or if street the: pane
short-creepin
Blade an PS part of sn na glandular- puberulent ;
: eavy, 3-5 in diameter, its branches
ees poner th
C. Kaulfussii.
Blade ae bagi parts not glandular ; rhizome slender, 1—2.5
iameter, mostly widely creepi
Ultimate ge s ovate to elliptic, wi with: comparatively
a bead-li

aes surface of rachises few or iemuing: at ene
jecting apeaianetuale beyond margins 0
ments.

Rachises hie with loosely imbricated seales, these
mitre attenuate at apex, shallowly
a ase; stipes paleaceous with
alae faneeniats scales.
Brey os Pringle.

Rachises verte a) hairy, or bearing a few
scattered scales, these narrowly ne ee lanceo-
oa toh air- ike, rounded at the stipes

glabro Bea gh or sparingly se
Stipes modera sing hairy and eee y scaly;
of fruiting segments faintly
fovclate, searcely at all metamorphosed.

62 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

— ea rachises sparsely scaly;
pinnules 0.5-1.5 mm. wide, deeply den-

C. peninsularis.
oe reid and Sey with ne, coarse
hairy, bea a

side = aD ae nules 1— 35 mm. wide,
shallowly crenulate-dentat
ce pire
Stipes bps gp cece cant at t the base; mar-
of fruiting segments strongly revo-

rite, distinetly metamorphosed to form
membranaceous indusia, these “ODE
the sporan.
Sori _subeontinuous ong margins

of seg-

indusia goons slightly lobed;

dpe | Himcnraneetcant shinin ng.

15. C. alabamensis

Sori distinct, borne “ tips of mee seg
ments ; "indusia eniform

continuous on taunt inal sas te ae

ri jebed stipe brown or ochroleu-

cous, d

. Wrighti
Ultimate oe orbicular to ets obovate, strongly
oe one d bead-like in fruit,

their g whteng narrow; scales or hairs on lower
sia es of rachises ucnarcek: ‘projecting conan

usly beyond margins of segm
Stipes: wed oe jaa Aho. meres villous beneath,
scales; margins of segments
strongly oe to form a continu:
~~ o

C. lendigera.
Stipes = rachises scaly; mar fe of segments

18. C. Lindheimert.
Segments — FE dora or sparsely villous
abor ; of adjacent pian not

ertan fee
Rachis. ‘ealeg ciliate, at least at the base;

rhizome-seales persisten

Rhizome-seales light reddi sh bee to
rusty, pied sclerotic ache
scales firmly attached, rounde
or faintly subcordate a at the

ba

C. Wooton. |
Rhizome-seales Eaves e0 sateen
heavily sclerotic; peste -seales

CHEILANTHES IN THE SONORAN DESERT 63

lightly a distinctly cor-
date at the bas
Pinnae 5-1 ie: rachis-scales
ciliate on basal portion, paler
at tip ne - ase.
. C. Covillei.
Pinnae 12-19 tie rachis-scales
ciliate to apex, deep cinna-
momeous to castaneous full
length.
C. Clevelandii.
Rachis-seales_ eciliate; cea scales soon
deciduous.

22. C. Fendleri.

1. CHEMANTHES viscA Davenp. Bull. Torrey Club 6:
591. 1877

The glands on the upper surfaces of the fronds have a
decided whitish cast when young, but as they become
older and burst, thus liberating the viscid material, the
varnish-like substance covers the whole frond and the
‘“‘bloom’’ disappears. The glands on the lower surface
are of a more yellowish ee and show a tendency toward
being borne on short stalks

This delicate fern grows in rocky situations, usually
under overhanging ledges, in the Lower Sonoran Zone, in
the Panamint Mountains, Inyo County, California, along
the desert slopes of the San Bernardino Mountains, and
on the western margins of the Colorado Desert in River-
side, San Diego, and Imperial Counties. It has been col-
lected at the base of the Mountain Springs grade, Imperial
County, within a few miles of the Mexican border (Wolf
1897). Though not yet reported from northern Lower
California it certainly should be found at various points
along the desert slopes of the Sierra del Pinal, and possibly
as far south as the Sierra San Pedro Martir.

2. CHEANTHES Kavurussi Kunze, Linnaea 13: 145.
1839.

A somewhat more robust fern than C. viscida. The

64 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

glands are yellowish or brownish, and therefore not cov-
ered with the ‘‘bloom’’ characteristic of the young fronds
of C. viscida. The exudate from the glands is extremely
abundant and rather oily when fresh, staining the pressing
papers a light brown.

This fern has its center of distribution to the south of
our region. Collected at La Mina Verde, 31 kilometers
west of Cumpas (about Lat. 30° 20’ N.) in 1934, (Wiggs
7404) and reported by Mr. Whitehead.t It had pre-
viously been collected in Sonora by Rose, Standley & Rus-
sell, no. 12861, at Alamos, near the Sinaloa border. Other
specimens in the National Herbarium come from Chi-

uahua, Durango, Jalisco, San Luis Potosi, Mexico,
Colima, Morelos, and Oaxaca.

3. CHEILANTHES BrRANDEGEI D. C. Eaton, Bull. Torrey
Club 17: 215. pl. 104. 90

Known previously from Cedros and Magdalena Islands,
but collected in 1935 on the peninsula of Lower California
between Punta Prieta and Los Angeles Bay, (Wiggs
7649) and near the head of Escondido Canyon, 11 miles
south of Punta Prieta, (Wiggins 7716).

4, CHEILANTHES CALIFoRNICA (Nutt.) Mett. Abh. Senck-
enb. Ges. Frankfurt 3: 88. 1859.

On cliffs and sides of canyons, mainly in the Transition
and Upper Sonoran Zones, from Butte and Humboldt
counties, California, southward to the vicinity of En-
senada, Lower California. The species is doubtfully in-
eluded on the basis of a sheet in the National Herbarium
bearing the label, ‘‘Southwestern part of the Colorado
Desert, San Diego Co., C. R. Oreutt.’’ It probably does
not occur within the Sonoran Desert.

1AM. FERN JOURN. 27: 51. 1937.

CHEILANTHES IN THE SONORAN DESERT 65

5. CHEILANTHES PYRAMIDALIS Fée, 7th Mem. 38. pl. 295.
F083 AGST
The National Herbarium contains one specimen of this
species from Lower California, collected in the Sierra de
la Laguna, Cape Region, (M. E. Jones 27,024). All
other specimens of the species are from regions in Mexico
to the south and east of the Sonoran Desert.

5a. CHEILANTHES PYRAMIDALIS subsp. ARIZONICA Maxon,
Am. Fern Journ. 8: 116. 191

Difficult to separate from the species in sterile material,
but distinct in fruiting fronds. The reddish dots are
present in sterile specimens, but may fade in older collec-
tions.

Above the desert in the Huachuca and Chiricahua
Mountains in Arizona, and in the Mapela Mountains,
Chihuahua, Mexico. In the latter area there are inter-
mediate forms between the typical C. pyramidalis of the
south and the subspecies.

6. CHEmantHes Parisum Davenp. Bull. Torrey Club 8:
61. pl. 8. 1881
A very rare, delicate fern known only from Andreas
Canyon, near Palm Springs, California. I have seen no
Specimens of this species collected since 1908!

7. CHEWANTHES FrExI Moore, Ind. Fil. XXXVIII. 1857.

An inhabitant of the Transition Zone, and does not
enter the desert. It occurs in British Columbia, Wash-
ington, and from thence eastward to Illinois and south-
ward into Arizona, Missouri, Texas and the Mexican
Border area.

8. CHEILANTHES VILLOSA Davenp. Cat. Davenp. Herb.
Suppl. 45. 1883.

66 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Ledges and under overhanging rocks, Sierra Estrella,
near Phoenix, Arizona, (Peebles, Harrison & Kearney
3296), Santa Rita, Huachuca, and Mule Mountains,
southern Arizona, to Texas and Chihuahua. It occurs
mostly above the desert.

9. CHEILANTHES EaTont Baker, in Hook. & Baker, Syn.
Fil. 140. 1867.

The anomalous situation of a name being more deserip-
tive of a different species than of the one to which it has
been applied exists in the case of C. Eatoni and C. tomen-
tosa. The former species is much more densely tomentose
on the upper surface of the segments than is C. tomentosa.
The result has been that C. Eatoni has frequently been
determined as C. tomentosa.

C. Eatoni ranges from the eastern edge of the Sonoran
Desert in Arizona into Oklahoma, New Mexico and Texas.
I have no records for it from Sonora.

10. CHEILANTHES TOMENTOSA Link, Hort. Berol. 2: 42.
1

This species occurs in the Baboquivari Mountains in
western Pima County, Arizona, and from the Santa Cata-
lina and Santa Rita Mountains south and east through
Sonora to Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi.

11. CHEILANTHES CASTANEA Maxon, Proc. Biol. So¢-
Wash. 32: 111. 1919
Separated from C. tomentosa by minute but apparently
constant characters, as indicated in the key. It grows 0?
rocky ledges in the Baboquivari Mountains, and in the

mountains east of Tueson. It probably rarely reaches the
true desert.

12. CHEILANTHES PrincLet Davenp. Bull. Torrey Club
10: 61. pl. 34. 1883.

CHEILANTHES IN THE SONORAN DESERT 67

One of the most attractive, if the commonest, of the
desert ferns, ranging from the northern edges of the
Sonoran Desert in Arizona into Sonora as far south as
Guaymas. There is one specimen in the National Her-
barium labeled ‘‘Los Angeles Bay, Lower California, Ed.
Palmer 265, 1887,’’ but since it is known that there was
some confusion of specimens and labels in Palmer’s 1887
collections this locality is to be looked upon with suspicion.
I failed to find C. Pringlei at Los Angeles Bay during a
brief stay in that vicinity in the spring of 1935.

13. CHEILANTHES PENINSULARIS Maxon, Contr. U. 8. Nat.
Herb. 10: 496. 1908
Rather close to C. Pringlei, but the smaller segments,
less scaly stipes and rachis, and the rounded bases of the
rachis-scales set it apart from the mainland plant. It
has been collected at Comondt, and at several points in
the Cape Region of Lower California.

14. CHEILANTHES MICROPHYLLA Swartz, Syn. Fil. 127.

The short, stout, somewhat crinkled hairs on the seg-
ments furnish a ready character for the identification of
this species among the southwestern representatives of
Cheilanthes.

Collected on the walls of a rocky gorge 23 miles south
of Divisadero, Sonora, (Wiggins 7494C), and known from
several earlier collections southward through Sonora and
Chihuahua to Oaxaca and Yucatan.

15. CHEILANTHES ALABAMENSIS (Buckl.) Kunze, Linn.
20:4. 1847,

Not readily distinguished from C. Wrightii in the sterile

State, but easily separated when indusia are present. It

is known from Arizona only from a single collection in

68 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Conservatory Canyon, Huachuca Mountains, (Lemmon,

82).

16. CHEILANTHES WricutTn Hook. Sp. Fil. 2: 97. pl.
110A. 1852.

Rather generally distributed along the Mexican Border
region from western Pima County, Arizona, to Texas, and
southward into Sonora at least as far as La Mina Verde
(Wiggins 7405), whence Whitehead reported it in 1937.

17. CHEILANTHES LENDIGERA (Cav.) Swartz, Syn. Fil.
128, 328. 1806

Chiricahua and Huachuca Mountains, Arizona, and
southward.

Pomatophytum pocillatum Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 16:
12. 1930, is a synonym. Jones’ type was collected in
Ramsey Canyon, Huachuca Mts.

18. CHemaNtHEs Linpuermert Hook. Sp. Fil. 2: 101.
pl. 107A. 1852.

This species is represented by a large number of specl-
mens in the National Herbarium, and, aside from slight
variations in size, is remarkably constant throughout its
range. It occurs at moderate altitudes from the Super-
stition Mountains and Apache Pass, Arizona, southeast-
ward through Sonora and Chihuahua into San Luis Potos!
and Querétaro, and eastward into Texas.

19. CHEILANTHES Wooton! Maxon, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.
31: 146. 1918.

At moderate elevations from southern Colorado and
Oklahoma to Texas and the margins of the Sonoran Desert
in Arizona and northern Sonora. The only locality for
this fern from within the limits of the Sonoran Dese

CHEILANTHES IN THE SONORAN DESERT 69

proper is Diablo Canyon, Ajo Mountains, Western Pima
County, Arizona, (Kearney & Peebles 10,854).

20. CHEILANTHES CoviLLer Maxon, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.
31:147. 1918. :

A common fern in rocky canyons of the Colorado Desert.
It ranges from Ventura and Inyo Counties, California,
to southern Utah, and southward into Arizona and to Los
Angeles Bay, Lower California.

21. CHEmANTHES CLEVELANDI D. C. Eaton, Bull. Torrey
Club 6: 33. 1875

Included here because it extends southward along the
coastal hills to the vicinity of Ensenada. It is not known
from the desert side of the range.

22. CHEILANTHES FENDLERI Hook. Sp. Fil. 2: 103. pl.
107B. 1852.

This fern grows in the oak belt, but, so far as I know,
does not come down into the desert—not even along the
Streams. It has been collected in the Baboquivari Moun-
tains, but above the desert, (M. French Gilman 24). Gen-
erally distributed throughout the mountains of Arizona
east of Tucson, and into New Mexico and western Texas,
northward to Colorado.

STANFORD UNIVERSITY

70 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Notes on American Ferns— XXIII"
Wiruui1am R. Maxon

CHEILANTHES KauLrussi Kunze.—First reported’ as a
United States plant in 1937, this species has again turned
up in Texas. The present specimen, sent to the National
Herbarium for identification, was collected ‘‘near Flying
Eagle Mountains, Musquiz Canyon, Jeff Davis Co., July
28, 1938,’’ by Barton H. Warnock (no. 604).

CHEILANTHES LENDIGERA (Cav.) Sw.—Though not un-
common in Mexico, and widely distributed through Cen-
tral America southward to Venezuela and the Andes of
Ecuador, this remarkable species has been known in the
United States only from southern Arizona, chiefly upon
collections made in the Huachuca Mountains by Lemmon,
Goodding, Kearney, and Jones and, more recently, in the
Chiricahua Mountains by Peebles and Loomis (no. 4412).
Not long ago, however, Texas specimens were received
from Prof. O. E. Sperry for identification, and subse-
quently so listed? They were collected on a northern
rocky exposure of Crown Mountain, Chisos Mountains,
Brewster Co., Aug. 23, 1937, by B. H. Warnock, and agree
very well with Mexican material from the States of Sonora
and Chihuahua. This singular and beautiful species was
formerly in cultivation.

ADIANTUM TRICHOLEPIS Fée,—First described by Mar-
tens and Galeotti‘ as A. fragile var. pubescens M. & G.,
1 Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian
ergot
ER. FERN JOURN. 27: 109. 1937.
pee y, O. E. ‘‘Cheek list of the ferns. » gymnosperms and
eda plants of the proposed Big Bend National Park of
Publish

eet of Sul Ross State Teachers Col-
se Yel ae no. 4, pe

4 Mém. Acad. Brux, co = 1842.

Notes oN AMERICAN FERNS—X XIII 71

upon specimens collected in the vicinity of Guadalajara,
Jalisco, Mexico, by Galeotti (no. 6445). Some 15 years
later Fée,° having the same collection in hand, deseribed
it as a new species, A. tricholepis, citing the Martens and
Galeotti variety as a synonym and contrasting the plant
with A. tenerum Sw., with which, of course, it has no real
affinity. A. tricholepis has since been found to have a
rather wide range in Mexico, and numerous specimens
have been collected, among which Pringle’s no. 1843,
from the barranea near Guadalajara, may be regarded as
thoroughly typical. It is a strongly marked species,
being especially noteworthy for the close pubescence of
simple whitish hairs, which though minute are readily
seen to extend freely over both sides of the segments of
the quadripinnate blades. This character is invariable
in Mexican specimens, and is equally constant in the
plants recently collected along the border in Texas by

r. G. M. Soxman.

Under the circumstances, the identity of A. tricholepis
forma glabrum Clute® becomes of special interest. This
was described briefly upon specimens said to have been
collected near the mouth of the Pecos River, Texas, by
James H. Ferriss. The actual type, Mr. Clute writes, can
not now be found in his own herbarium. He suggests that
the specimens must have been returned to Mr. Ferriss,
and this probably is right, inasmuch as there is in the
National Herbarium a specimen bearing Mr. Ferriss’
nas small red-bordered label, upon which he has
written ‘‘Adiantum tricholepis glabrum Clute. Mouth
ae ee Ts 1902-7 ¢: Hh, 2. 8. Cotyoe.”’ This
specimen, which is one of a small collection of ferns
presented to the National Museum by Mr. Ferriss in 1914,
is referable to A. capillus-Veneris L., being that form of

5 Mém. Foug. 8: 72. 1857.

6 Fern Bull. 12: 44, 1904,

qT AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

the species which Underwood described upon New Mex-
ican specimens as A. modestum Underw. It lacks a
rhizome, but its lax habit, very slender stipe and rachis,
delicate narrow blade, and deeply denticulate segments
(the veins running out to the tip of the acuminate teeth)
identify it beyond doubt.

x Asplenium virginicum Maxon, nom. nov. (Asplenium
miztum Maxon, AMER. Fern Journ. 28: 141. pl. 13.
1938 ; not Roxb. 1844).—In describing recently from Vir-
ginia a hybrid between Asplenium platyneuron and
Trichomanes the writer used the name mixtum, eutivel
overlooking Asplenium mixztum Roxb., described nearly a
hundred years ago from Amboina and now referred to
Diplazium silvaticum (Bory) Sw. A new name is there-
fore given to our United States plant, as above.

Dryoprerts arcuta (Kaulf.) Watt.—To the two Ari-
zona localities previously seat a third may now be
added: North side of Superstition Mountain, Pinal
County, Aug. 12, 1937, Goodding 6151. This lies about
25 miles west of the original station at Superior, which
also is in Pinal County.

ONOCLEA SENSIBILIS L.—The suggestion offered some
time ago* that members of the Society make an effort to
add to the small list of ferns parasitized by dodder
(Cuscuta spp.) has yielded a single addition, viz. Onoclea
sensibilis L. An excellent specimen of this species, para-
sitized by C. Gronovii Willd., has recently been received
from Prof. T. G. Yuncker, who has long been engaged in
a monographie study of the family Cuseutaceae. It was
collected in a marsh near Murray Lake, Kent Co., Mich-
igan, Aug. 31, 1938, Yuncker 8856. Evidently ferns are

7 AMER. FERN JouRN. 27: 110. 1937.

8 AMER. FERN JOURN. 27: 136. 1937.

RECENT FERN LITERATURE 73

not very commonly affected by dodder ; yet the number of
species can presumably be somewhat increased, if special
effort is made whenever even our commonest lowland ferns
are observed carefully.

WasuinerTon, D. C.

Recent Fern Literature

Finmy FrErNs IN THE CAROLINAS.—While two repre-
sentatives of the filmy-fern genus Trichomanes have long
been known in our southeastern states, none of the genus
Hymenophyllum had ever been reported until 1938. Mrs.
Mary S. Taylor? now announces her discovery of it ‘‘in a
deep ravine in Pickens County, South Carolina.’’ Else-
where in the article she cautiously discloses that it grows
along a stream, near a series of beautiful waterfalls, and
at a place that can only be reached after many hours of
hard walking and climbing, wading in cold water, ete.,
but fails to furnish the details as to its exact site, which
in the interest of science should be placed on record. It
is so abundant that such disclosure would not lead to its
extermination. Trichomanes petersti, new to the state,
also grows along this stream.

Earlier in 1938 a new state, West Virginia, was added
to the known range of Trichomanes Boschianum (this
JOURNAL 28: 122) and now there is another, North Caro-
lina. Professor W. C. Coker,? exhibiting the proper scien-
tific spirit, has published its exact location: along ‘‘ Crow
Creek, under the largest falls, not far from U. S. G. S.
bench mark no. 520 and about a quarter of a mile below
the high Cullasaja Falls, altitude about 3000 feet.’? The
discoverer was Dr. Herbert Hechenbleikner.

Photographs of two new West Virginia fern records,

1 Science 88: 402. 1938; Journ. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 54:
345. 1938,

2 Ibid., p. 348.

74 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

the Trichomanes just mentioned and Cryptogramma stel-
leri (this JourNaL 28: 123) have been published along
with records of several minor range extensions in this
state by Edgar T. Wherry. The previous find of Pteretis
nodulosa (this JouRNAL 9: 1) proves to have been at-
tributed to the wrong county, really lying in Randolph;
but the species-range has now been extended to latitude
37° 56’ in Greenbrier Co. Woodsia ilvensis is now known
in both Grant and Pendleton counties, and the eastern
relative of W. scopulina in Mercer Co.—E. T. W

In Castanea for January, 1939, Frank Bell discusses
the ferns of Greene County, Pennsylvania. Thirty-three
species are mentioned and the habitats of the rarer one
described.—Lycopodium inundatum, new to West Vir-
ginia, is recorded by Prof. E. L. Core.

Prof. Ivey F. Lewis, Proc. Virginia Acad. Sci. for 1938,
p. 45, reports that plants of Osmunda cinnamomea and
O. regalis covered with sawdust to the depth of a foot oF
more, sent up through it fronds which bore sporangia 0
the vein-tips at the margins of foliage leaves.

Shorter Notes

Location or B. D. Giupert’s Herpartum.—In looking
over old Fern Bulletins last September, Mrs. M. L. Chis
holm, of Proctor, Vermont, noted that B. D. Gilbert’s he?
barium had been left to the Utica Publie Library,* and
impulse she wrote that institution to learn if that was true
or just another surmise. In reply the Librarian said the
herbarium had been left to them, but at present was in the
Library of Hamilton College. As the type specimens of
Gilbert’s ferns would naturally be in his herbarium, 2?
Mrs. Chisholm was particularly interested in his Poly-
~ 8 Castanea 4: 1. 1939,

1 The Fern Bulletin, 17: 115. 1909.

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

VOLUME 29, PLATE 7

ate fe qe resp od 5
. rae 2A L AAA Nokian oleh 4,

Li. aes Bite rae a ee

CASK? ?, i

SPECIES.

ge. os are sted,

TYPE SPECIMEN OF POLYPODIUM VULGARE, VAR. CHURCHIAE GILBERT

76 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

podium vulgare var. Churchiae,? because of the plant
found in Florence, Vermont, in October, 1929,* she wrote
to Hamilton College, asking if the herbarium and the type
in question were there. To her great joy she learned that
they are, and that the specimens are accessible to properly
qualified. investigators. The locating of the herbarium,
after its reported destruction had been mourned for 80
many years, is of interest to all fern students, but to us
the greatest interest centers in the type specimen of Chur-
chiae, which by the way was in excellent condition, the
sheet unmarred in any way—good evidence that it, and so
presumably the entire collection, had been well cared for.

A remarkable fact in connection with the identification
of the Florence plant with Gilbert’s, is that the frond seen
second from the right in the illustration of our plant,*
and now preserved in my herbarium, is almost an exact
duplicate of the type specimen. The fronds of later years
have been larger and much more forked and contorted—
RK. M. Kirrreper, Vergennes, Vermont.

VARIATION IN THE PERIOD oF Rieentne Spores.—A re-
cent writer on the subject of ferns used the terms ‘‘ripen-
ing of spores’ and ‘‘fruiting time’’ as if they were
synonymous. If fruiting time is used to refer to the
appearance of the sporangia, it should not be confused
with the ripening of the spores. There is a great Macie
tion in the length of the period of spore ripening.
Osmunda cinnamomea matures its spores within a very
few days after it unrolls its fertile frond. But in Bot-
rychium dissectum this period may last as long as sixty t0
eighty days. Its ‘fruiting time’’ begins in July, but the
spores do not ripen till September and October—W. L.
Dix, Morrisville, Pennsylvania.

2 The Fern Bulletin, 14: 39. 1906.

3 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL, 20: 124, 1930.

4 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL, 20; 124. 1930.

AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY 17

American Fern Society
Report of the President for 1938

The undersigned was elected President of the Society
for the year 1934, and reelected each successive year up
to 1938. But feeling that the work of directing the Soci-
ety’s affairs should be shared by various members, and
especially by younger ones, he declined renomination for
1939. The present report may well be a summary of
progress made during the five-year period.

The serious loss which the Society sustained through
the unauthorized use of our money by the former Trea-
surer has been fully discussed in the Journau. All that
need be stated further at this time is that not a cent of
principal or interest on his note has as yet been received.
A member who still prefers anonymity generously loaned
us enough money to pay back printers’ bills, and by cer-
tain economies such as curtailing the size of the JourNAL
and lengthening the period between publication of mem-
bership lists we have been able to repay this loan out of
our current income. Now we are gradually increasing
the number of pages per volume again, so that only a
few months need elapse between receipt of manuscript
and publication of articles.

In 1935 the 25th volume of the JouRNAL was com-
pleted. A cumulative index was then compiled, but our
funds have as yet been insufficient to justify its publica-
tion. However, it is hoped that this may be accom-
plished during 1939.

With the feeling that the Society might benefit from
the legal and the financial standpoint by being incorpo-
rated, steps were undertaken to carry this out. Finding
that it could be done most advantageously and appropri-
ately in the District of Columbia, five members of the
Society resident there met and signed the necessary
papers, which were duly placed on record on October 10,

78 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

1936. Shortly thereafter we received a bequest of $500
from the widow of a former active member, and the legal
formalities in connection with this were considerably
simplified by our status as an incorporated organization.

Throughout the five-year period the membership list
of the Society has been gradually increasing. Many
members having resigned early in the 1930’s, there were
in 1934 only slightly over 300. The list published toward
the end of 1935 showed 325 on the rolls, and that of 1938
contained 337 names. Since we lose annually through
death or resignation a considerable number, even this
small net increase is gratifying. The publication of the
writer’s ‘‘Guide to Eastern Ferns’’ did not lead to as
many new membership applications as had been hoped
for; but the edition is as yet only half sold out, so results
may still be expected from future sales.

In conclusion I wish to express my deepest apprecia-
tion of the way in which the other officers and various
members have cooperated in making my five-year term
as President so pleasant and so helpful in bringing the
Society into its present flourishing condition.

Respectfully submitted,
Epear T. Wuerry, President.

Report of the Secretary for 1938

The American Fern Society started the year with a
membership on the books of three hundred and forty-five
names. We have lost by death, resignations and other-
wise thirty-one members. Two who were lost by death
were known in a wide field of natural history beside their
fern interests. Of these Raymond H. Torry had been 4
Fern Society member for but a short time, while Milton
S. Baxter’s name had been listed for a quarter of a cel
tury. In the death of Miss Dora A. Radlo the Society
lost its last representative of the members who joined in

AMERICAN F'ERN SOCIETY 79

1894. Hers was one of the early names added to the list
of charter members of the Linnaean Fern Chapter of the
Agassiz Association,—the first title of the present Ameri-
can Fern Society. In her passing a membership of
nearly half a century is broken.

Twenty-seven new members have joined our number
during the year, so 1938 closes with the membership just
a little less than it was in January.

A revised Membership List has been prepared and
printed, going to the members with Number 4 of the
JOURNAL.

Respectfully submitted,
26 December, 1938. Eusm G. Wuitney, Secretary

Mr. Arthur N. Leeds, a member of the Society since
1921, and Vice-President for 1938 and 1939, died at his
home in Germantown, Philadelphia, on January 26th,
1939. He was born in Philadelphia in 1870, graduated
from Haverford College (B.S. 1889; A.M. 1890) and then
engaged in business. Retiring in 1925, he spent two years
in a trip around the world, and then started looking for
Some activity to occupy his time. All his life he had been
an amateur naturalist, and was familiar with the native
ferns in a general way. At the suggestion of Mr. T.
Chalkley Palmer, long an active member of this Society,
and of Dr. Francis W. Pennell, Curator of Botany at the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, he decided
to take charge of the fern herbarium of that institution.

While the herbarium of the Academy of Natural Sei-
ences contained a considerable number of ferns, including
collections of historie interest made by Nuttall, Pursh,
Short, Porter, and others, these had never been arranged
im modern order, and indeed many of them were un-
mounted. Employing at his own expense a clerk to type
labels and mount the specimens on standard sheets, he

80 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

succeeded in putting the fern collection into splendid
shape. Finding that in order to bring the nomenclature
and classification up to date he needed reference works,
he proceeded to purchase books on ferns and related
plants, ultimately assembling an unusually complete li-
brary upon them. He also purchased, in part with the
aid of friends, a number of sets of ferns from various
parts of the world, until the collection has become one of
the best in the country.

In working over the specimens to get the nomenclature
into shape, Mr. Leeds gained a familiarity with the plants
which made him able to make identifications even in the
more difficult genera, and he spent considerable time in
naming up material for others. Finding that Mexican
ferns were especially in need of study, he took two trips to
make collections there, and also encouraged other natural-
ists to do likewise, so that the Academy of Natural Sci-
ences now has an unusually full representation of the
species of that country.

Being of a modest and retiring disposition, he felt dis-
inclined to publish the results of his studies, and contri-
buted but three brief articles to the FERN JOURNAL:
Is Polypodium vulgare L. var. Churchiae Gilbert a Poly-
podium? (23: 8); The Harts-Tongue in Maryland (26:
122) ; and Asplenium ebeneum var. Hortonae (27: 30).
But through his careful, critical work in annotating spe”
mens in the herbarium, his influence on fern study
be felt by all who consult this collection for many yeaTs
to come.—Epaar T. WHERRY

Report of Meetings
The Society has held two meetings recently. The first
was on the morning of December 31st, 1938, at Richmond,
Virginia, in connection with the annual convocation of the
American Association for the Advancement of Science
Its features were an exhibition of unusual and often very

AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY 81

fine photographs of ferns, some by H. E. Ransier, taken
during his journeys to various parts of the country, and
some by Rutherford Platt; and an informal symposium
on ferns of Virginia, led by Profs. Wherry and Massey.

For the second meeting, on Feb. 11th, 1939, we were
the guests of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden. This was an
all-day affair, with a social aftermath extending well into
the evening, and was attended by all the officers of the So-
ciety except one editor and the curator, and by a good
representation of local members. After a hospitable greet-
ing from Dr. Gager, Director of the Garden, the morning
session was devoted to a general discussion of the Society’s
affairs. Following a pleasant lunch together at the Brook-
lyn Museum nearby, the party spent the afternoon in a
tour of the green houses to see the tropical ferns there and
Dr. Benedict’s experiments in growing Nephrolepis, in an
inspection of the exhibits, and, last but not least, in con-
versation. The same photographs as at Richmond were
on display, reinforced by another series by Dr. Benedict
and by a number of unlabelled pictures and specimens
which those present were invited to name. Several made
creditable records in this competition.

Later, a party of some fifteen repaired to one of Dr.
Benedict’s favorite Chinese restaurants where, after more
or less weak attempts to wield chopsticks, most of the com-
pany fell back on the more familiar fork and spoon and
with their aid regaled themselves on a long succession of
the insinuating and often delectable dishes which the
Chinese alone know how to prepare. Finally, after a
brief visit to a joss-house and the purchase of some water-
chestnuts and like curiosities, the party broke up with
reluctant good-nights and thanks and congratulations, not
at all reluctant, to our hosts.

The Society will hold a meeting in Milwaukee in J une,
at the time of the Summer Meetings of the American

82 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Association for the Advancement of Science. Professor
W.N. Steil, head of the Department of Biology and Pro-
fessor of Botany at Marquette University, is in charge of
arrangements. There will be an informal meeting at
2:30 p.m. on Friday, June 23, in the Trustees’ room in
the Administration Building of Marquette University.
The Administration Building is at 165 N. 11th Street,
Milwaukee. Professor Steil has stated that the Trustees’
room in that building will be available to the Society for
the full time of the A.A.A.S. meeting. Members who
may wish to do so might display there photographs and
specimens or meet informally at times other than that of
the regular meeting. No formal program has been
planned for the Friday meeting. Members will have
opportunity to become acquainted and discuss their
problems. Those who wish to display specimens or other
material should make necessary arrangements by writing
to Professor Steil.

There will be an all day field-trip on Saturday, June
24, to Gibraltar Rock, about 125 miles from Milwaukee.
The party will leave the city at 8 a.m. Transportation
will be provided, so far as possible. Those attending
should bring lunch. Return in the evening will be om
time for dinner in Milwaukee,

Members who can not get to Milwaukee are invited to
spend June 15th to 17th at Mountain Lake Biological
Station, Virginia. A circular giving details will be sent
on request, by Dr. A. B. Massey, Virginia Polytechnic
Inst., Blacksburg, Va.

The regular winter meeting will be held in Columbus,
Ohio. Members who expect to attend may consider the
possibility of presenting papers or exhibiting specimens:
A symposium on the pteridophytes of Ohio might be de-
sirable. Members who would be interested to participate
in such a symposium should inform the President. :

AMERICAN FERN SOcIETY 83

Two trips with the Torrey Botanical Club have been
arranged. On August 6, Dr. Wherry will lead a group
to the Bowman Hill Flower Preserve, New Hope, Penn-
Sylvania. On August 20, Mr.:V. L. Frazee will guide a
party to various places in the New Jersey pine-barrens,
where there will be opportunity to study the pteridophytes
characteristic of the region. ‘‘The Barrens,’’ Sims Place,
Penn State Park, Martha, and Harissa will be visited.
Habenaria integra, H. cristata, Xyris, Eriocaulon, and
Schizaea may be seen. Owing to uncertainties of train
Service, definite plans can not yet be completed. For
directions, write to leader, V. L. Frazee, Allenwood, New
Jersey, about the first of August. State whether coming
by train or auto. It will be nearly 100 miles round trip
from the starting place, Point Pleasant, N. J. Reasonable
auto transportation will be arranged by the leader for
those asking for it.

Mr. W. L. Dix of Starrucca, Pennsylvania, will lead the
members of the Society in trips to see the interesting ferns
of the region of Lake Shehawken, in Wayne County, Penn-
splvania, on the week-end of Labor Day. Complete de-
tails are announced below.

Saturday, September 2. Assemble during the afternoon
the cottage of Mr. W. L. Dix, on northwest side of
Lake Shehawken. This lies five miles east of Star-

localities of rare northern ferns, including Polysti-
chum braunii and Botrychium multifidum ssp. typi-
cum.

84 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Monday, September 4. Trips around Lake Shehawken,
to see additional ferns and fern-allies, ending by noon
to permit return home the same day.—ROBERT Tt
CLAUSEN ;

The colony of the apparent hybrid Aspleniwm stotlert
is now practically extinct, but I have a number of young
plants raised from its spores, which faithfully reproduce
the parental features. These will be gladly sent to any —
members who know of situations in which it might be :
naturalized and preserved, preferably ledges of sandstone —
with pockets of intensely acid soil—Epaar T. WHERRY, —

University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.

New members:

Coxon, Mrs. Fred W., Ranier, Minn.

Epps, William P., 14 James St., Somerville, New Jersey

Sullivan, Miss 8. Hazel, 201 St. Paul St., Brookline, Mass.
Changes of address:

Oliphant, Roy L., 124 Sunnyside Ave., Oakland, California.

Whitehead, Jack, 2505 Virginia Ave., Berkeley, Cal.

Williams, Ira, Drawer 831, Borger, Texas .

We are saddened by the knowledge that two of the co —
tributors to this number of the Journal, Dr. J. K. Small
and Prof. J. H. Schaffner, will write no more. Prof. ;
Schaffner’s article, however, may be only the beginning —
of a series to be carried on by others. It was prepared
in response to a suggestion at the Indianapolis meeting —
that one line of work which could profitably be fostered .
by the Society would be the accurate working out and :
mapping of the ranges of North American ferns. It 8 |
earnestly hoped that those who can will go on with the 4
project begun by Prof. Schaffner.

Dr. Benedict reports that Dryopteris ludoviciand § ae
to have wintered very successfully in Mr. W. H. Dole =
garden in West Orange, New Jersey.

THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB

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essed to M. A. CHRYSLER, Editor, Rutgers University, New Bruns-
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Vol. 29 July-September, 1939 No. 3

American #rern Journal

Published by the

AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY

CONTENTS

Wrens: wT. 42. rr... Pas eae tin:

ss Growing F. £, a Sp

__ Our Way with Poris

se Jos SEPHINE Epson AND GRACE GRIFFE’ Ee ahs

fs pad — Egan eet g ee eo ne are _.DONOVAN s. ConRext. 102 Spee
Wma B. Cooxe: 105 ge

Che American Hern Society

Cuounril for 1935
OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR
ae ypmais T. CLAUSEN, Bailey Hortorium, — N, Y.......President

Teee R N. LEEDs, Soames ra nV ice: a
aoe 6 1sson WuitNey, Alb any, N. ¥... .Seeretary
manay K. SvENson, Brecker. Botanic Garden, “Brooklyn, He ¥.

OFFICIAL ORGAN

American Fern Journal
EDITORS
GC. A. WEATHEREY oS Raymond St., Cambridge, Mass.
R. CO. BENEDICT oo oe Sse cs Road, Brooklyn, N. X.

W. R. Maxon ....... .. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

ae ee
ubseription, $1.25 per year, foreign, 10 cents extra; sent

to members of f the AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY (annual dues,
$1.50; life membership, $25.00). Extracted reprints, if ordered im
advance, will be furnished authors at cost. ‘They should be ordered
when proof is returned.

Orders for back namtrs and other boxing communist
should be moaromsed te the Treasurer of the Society. =

ioe eee sp A BRARIAN ae cae

American Fern Journal

Vou. 29 JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1939 No. 3

Forcing a Collection of Native Ferns of New
England and the Middle Atlantic States for
Exhibition
Susan H. THurRSTON

In September, 1937, my husband and I were asked to
exhibit a collection of hardy native ferns as the Millbrook
Garden Club’s entry at the International Flower Show
in New York the following March. We had just made
an exhibit of forty-three species of native ferns collected
in nearby localities and arranged in a naturalistic setting
at the Flower Show of the Millbrook Club in Millbrook
on September 15th, and with this collection as a nucleus
we decided to add as many additional species native to
New England and Middle Atlantic States as we could
procure and force into good growth in this short time.

With the aid of fern nurseries and through the kind-
hess and generosity of fern collectors we were able at last
to assemble a collection of sixty species, and, in most cases,
a considerable number of each to insure our being able to
present the ferns in naturalistic groupings.

The following is a copy of the folder of which over five
thousand were distributed to visitors at the exhibit. In
this folder was given a list of the ferns exhibited, each
numbered to correspond with the labels in the planting,
thereby insuring the identification of the fern species. A
Paragraph was also included urging the public to grow
ferns in the interest of conservation.

_ [Volume 29, no. 2 of the JourNat, pages 41-84, plates 4-7, was
issued May 29, 1939.]
85

Hs EASA al ett ad

ae
Pe

Ww

_ Gina
3 Gone Pani

7. Cinn

AMERICAN Fern JouRNAL

NaTIvE Ferns or New ENGLAND AND MIDDLE ATLANTIC
STATES

Common and Botanical N ames

Authority, Dr. Edgar T. Wherry

Evergreen Woodfe

Bread ee wamp-fern
Narrow Swamp-fern
Glandular Swam amp-f
Northeastern Mirek. ats

- Bog-

(Massachusetts Fern)
Tapering Fern

(Broad Beech Pak)
-fern

- Rockeap Fern

rat Fern
hristmas Fern

Eastern § seen Fern
- Dwarf Chain

ead-fern
(Sensitive Fern)
n Fern

Witenes co Foon
Royal Fern

OY:
- Hay- arent Fern
- Northern ide

- Mountain Cliff-fern
i Waterclover Fern

airy Lipfern

9.
- Smooth Cliffbrake

Dryopteris intermedia,

ryopteris spinulosa
Dryopteris campyloptera
Dryopteris marginalis

is g sr es
Dryopteris Ais
Dryopteris clintoniana
ce

ris
elypteris simulata
Thelypteris noveboracensis
Phegopteris polypodioides
Phegopteris pepe

Phegopteris dryopteris
Polypodium virginianum

Athyrium thelypteroides

Athyrium vf Wada it

riches nodulos:

Onoclea poses

munda cinnamomea

rega

Dennstaedtia punctitobula

Plies pe se

FP

lat
Oystopterts bulbifera
aoe oie frag

biuee

Pellaea glabella

Forcina FEerNs FoR EXHIBITION 87

41. Hairy Cliffbrake Pellaea hl dead

42. Curly-grass Fern Schizaea pus

43. Climbing Fern Lygodium Soke
(Hartford Fern)

44. Adderstongue Fern evil emcni vulgatu

45. Rattlesnake Fern Botrychium oiegintiawak

46. Laceleaf Grapefern Botrychium dissectum

47. Coarse-lobe Grapefern Botrychium obliquum

48. Leather Grapefern Botrychium multifidum

49. Daisyleaf Grapefern Botrychium matricariaefolium

50. Maidenhair Se ecanact re adeno trichomanes

51. Blackstem Spleenwort Asplenium resiliens

52. Brownstem Spleenwort Asplenium platyneuron

53. Cliff Spleenwort Asplenium bradleyi

54. American Wall-rue Spleen- Asplenium ruta-muraria
wort

55. Mountain aed Asplenium montan

56. Lobed Splee — Asplenium planation

57. Walking "Bales wort Asplenosorus nes

58. Pinnate Eben eet oo. trudel

59. Walking Fern Camptosorus < obese

60. ag ert Harts-tongue Phyllitis scolopendrium
ern

WE URGE YOU TO GROW FERNS

All the native fal in this collection from the largest to
the smallest m grown from spores by simple methods
one to follow. n unlimited

pa

of our State Parks. Let us urge you, then, in the interest

conservation as well as for your own pleasur e to grow
Ts.

A few of the species in the foregoing list were not
received until February and so were put into the green-
house under forcing conditions as soon as they arrived,
as they were in a well-developed state of growth. They ~
were, namely:

yllitis scolopendrium received Feb. 5th
Marsilea quadri rifolia “6
Schizaea pusilla €6 es. Bora
Asplenium bradleyi i oe
Asplenosorus ebenoides a ee cs

‘< :
Asplenium trudelli ‘c ‘é 6c

88 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

As soon as the ferns were collected they were planted
in pots and flats. Two types of soil were used: one a
mixture consisting of 4 parts maple-leaf mold, 1 part
garden loam and 1 part sand for all ferns not requiring
lime ; and the other a mixture consisting of 3 parts maple-
leaf mold, 14 parts garden loam and 14 parts sand to-
gether with a generous amount of powdered limestone
and small bits of limestone for additional drainage. T°
the soil used for Lygodium palmatum a small sprinkling
of aluminum sulphate was added to increase the acidity.
The pots and flats were then buried in cold frames and
protected by slatted covers made of lath which were
raised enough above the frames to allow a good eircula-
tion of air with protection from wind and sun. Here the
ferns grew and ripened naturally as the season advanced.
Before freezing weather the ferns were protected from
field mice with covers of 4 inch mesh wire which fitted |
tightly over the cold frames. When the ground began to
freeze in November the ferns were covered with dry oak
leaves, and the depth of cover was gradually increased
until it reached the tops of the frames under the wire-

At this time, however, the following species were T&
moved to a cool shaded greenhouse, as it was feared that
they would not be entirely hardy in this northern Com
necticut climate. Here they remained until placed under
forcing conditions on January 9th:

Chae ee frien pinnatifaum
Pellaea glabella

At this same time the flats in which Botrychium disse
tum, Botrychium obliquum, and Botrychium multifidum
were growing were placed in a dark corner of a 0°
potting shed where it was planned to keep them in ®
slightly moist state, hoping by this method to preserve
their fronds in good condition until they were exhibited,

Forcina FEerNs ror EXHIBITION 89

as it was feared that new growth could not be expected
by March. This was perfectly successful; the fronds
both sterile and fertile kept in perfect form and ten days
before the ferns were to be exhibited they were taken into
the greenhouse and the sterile fronds turned from bronze
to a beautiful fresh green; the fertile fronds although
standing erect were dry and powdery.

Also one half of the Camptosorus rhizophyllus (4 flats
full) and one half of the Aspleniwm trichomanes (8 flats
full) and all of the Lygodium palmatum were taken into
the cool greenhouse and kept moist to keep the old fronds
in as good a condition as possible, as it was thought that
the new forced growth would not give fully developed,
characteristic fronds.

This plan was also successful and when these three
Species were put under forcing conditions on January 9th
and the fronds kept well sprayed during the entire period
that they were in the greenhouse the old fronds were
fresh and green at the time of the exhibition, although
the new growth of Camptosorus rhizophyllus and Asple-
nium trichomanes was not as luxuriant and strong as that
on the plants of the same species that had been allowed
to freeze in the frames. In the case of Camptosorus
rhizophyllus, however, it proved most valuable to have
treated specimens in these two ways as it resulted in hav-
ing some plants with splendidly preserved old fronds
covered with sori, and some rooting from the tips with
small plants well formed as well as plants with luxuriant
but immature new growth. The Lygodium palmatum
put out splendid new growth and developed good fertile
fronds in time for the exhibit, as well as retaining most
of the previous year’s growth in a good state of preser-
vation.

The covering of the ferns was completed the first week
im December with about a two-foot thickness of maple

90 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

leaves on top of the wire, hemlock boughs on the leaves
and a glass sash placed on top of these and raised on
blocks at top and bottom, four to six inches, for ventila-
tion, and hemlock boughs again on top of all to keep off
the sun. The outside walls of the frames were banked
with straw as a further protection. This depth of cover-
ing was considered necessary, as the pots and flats of
ferns were to be dug out by January Ist and could not
be allowed to freeze too deeply.

On December 28th the first pots and flats of ferns
which were frozen hard were brought in from the frames
to a dark potting shed where the temperature was be-
tween 40 and 50 degrees, and on December 30th the mov-
ing was completed and the ferns were left undisturbed to
thaw out slowly until January 4th.

In the meantime our small greenhouse had been pre
pared for them. As the dimensions of this were only 1
by 25 feet the space was entirely inadequate for the col-
lection, so three tiers of benches were arranged, one below
and one above the existing benches, thereby tripling the
space ordinarily in use. Dark green bamboo porch
sereens had been supplied for the sides and south end
of the greenhouse. These were fitted over light wooden
frames so that by means of draw cords they could be
raised and lowered at will and were of sufficient length
to protect either side and the top of the side benches at
the same time, so that complete protection was possible
for these benches as the sun moved. The greenhouse had —
been kept empty for three weeks before bringing in the
ferns, thoroughly cleaned, and fumigated several times at
intervals of three or four days with nicofume. Two
three inches of earth were left on the benches on which
the pots and flats were to be placed, to prevent them from
drying out too much. During the entire time that the
ferns were in the greenhouse no fumigation or spray of He

Forctne FERNS FOR EXHIBITION 91

any kind was used and the only pest encountered was a
leaf-roller on three fronds of Dryopteris goldiana.

An orange-colored mold appeared on a few fronds of
Cystopteris fragilis and a mold causing silvery spots on
some fronds of Woodsia obtusa.

On January 4th all the ferns except those whose treat-
ment has been described heretofore were brought into the
greenhouse in which the temperature was about 55 de-
grees in the day time and 40 to 45 degrees at night. The
arrangement of the various species in the greenhouse was
a problem, for in the very limited space available it took
careful planning to give each fern the place best suited to
its requirements. The ferns most tolerant of sun were
put on the top deck of the center bench with nothing over
them but the glass roof—flats with such ferns as
Athyrium angustum, Thelypteris palustris, Thelypteris
simulata, Thelypteris noveboracensis, Dennstaedtia
punctilobula, Lorinseria areolata, Anchistea virginica,
Pteridium latiusculum, Woodsia ilvensis, Lygodium
palmatum, Pellaea atropurpurea, and Cheilanthes lanosa.
The very large ferns such as Pteretis nodulosa, Onoclea
sensibilis, Osmunda cinnamomea, Osmunda claytoniana,
and Osmunda regalis were placed at the extreme north
and south ends of the house where a space had been made
for them without any overhead bench, so providing plenty
of head room and full light. All the other ferns were
given places on the remaining benches where they could
be fully protected by the adjustable shades.

On January 9th the temperature in the greenhouse was
raised to 70 degrees in the daytime and allowed to drop
to 50 degrees at night, and on this day the first fern of
the collection started growth, the Woodsia ilvensis.

atering was done twice a day with water warmed to
a 70 degree temperature, and great care was taken as the
ferns developed to keep all water off the fronds except in
the case of Camptosorus rhizophyllus, Asplenium

92 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

trichomanes, Lygodium palmatum, Polypodium virgin-
ianum, Polypodium polypodioides and Phyllitis scolo-
pendrium, the fronds of all of which were sprayed at
frequent intervals. Special care was found necessary 1m
watering Woodsia obtusa and Cystopteris fragilis ™m
order to prevent the silvery spots of mold on the fronds
of the former and the orange mold on the latter. Water
was applied carefully around the edges of the pots and
care taken not to allow any water to flow over the root-
crowns of these ferns.

After two weeks in the greenhouse it was found best to
remove Polypodium polypodioides to the cool potting
shed and to grow it there in cool shade at a temperature
of 40 to 50 degrees, keeping it well sprinkled.

The humidity in the greenhouse was kept at not less
than 80 per cent, being measured by a wet bulb hygrom-
eter. This result was accomplished by frequently wetting
down the concrete floor and the ground under the heating
pipes, as well as the earth on the benches between the
pots and flats. As the season advanced and the ferns
made rapid growth it was found necessary to shade some
of them more completely and screens of double cheese-
cloth of a close quality were fastened just under the root
over the sun-loving ferns. These met the need for a short
time only and as the sun gained power it was soon neces:
sary to white-wash the entire greenhouse on the outside,
making the light a very subdued one.

Giving ventilation without draft was difficult and was
accomplished by opening the roof ventilators on the opP®
site side from the prevailing wind for frequent short
periods under careful supervision.

On February 15th the temperature in the greenhouse
was reduced to between 55 and 60 degrees in the day
time and ten degrees cooler at night. The purpose of
this was to harden the ferns so that they would stand
the one hundred mile motor trip from Sharon to the

Forcing FERNS FOR EXHIBITION 93

Grand Central Palace. This treatment seemed to be just
the right one, for by the first week in March the ferns
were all in a splendid state of growth and did not look
at all as if they had been forced, but like ferns that had
been taken from their native haunts in late Spring—big,
vigorous fronds, and on the greater number fully devel-
oped fertile fronds, and all with good dark green color.

It was especially gratifying to be able to exhibit speci-
mens of Ophioglossum vulgatum and Botrychium vir-
ginianum with well developed fertile fronds and also one
small specimen of Botrychium matricariaefolium with a
fertile frond. Polystichum braunii proved to be a diffi-
cult fern. Although it grew rapidly when forced, the
fronds were not perfect but rather irregular and some
undeveloped. Asplenium montanum also gave trouble.
The greenhouse atmosphere was apparently too hot for
it, for after growing well for a time one plant after
another wilted and it was only with the greatest difficulty
that two plants were kept in good condition for the ex-
hibit. The attempt to grow Woodsia glabella proved to
be a complete failure, as it did not endure the greenhouse
conditions and it was impossible to save a plant for
exhibit.

Measurements of the ferns as recorded on the accom-
panying table were taken early in the morning on the
dates given, but from casual observation and measure-
ments, unfortunately not recorded, it was interesting to
note that the ferns made by far.the greater part of their
growth at night.

A few roots of Osmunda claytoniana were brought in
from out of doors on February 12th, allowed to thaw out
for two days and brought into the greenhouse on Febru-
ary 14th, to supply some uncoiling crosiers to add to the
planting.

On March 7th the packing of the ferns was started.
Each pot and flat was protected by a single wrapping

94 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

of brown paper completely enclosing it. The very tall
ferns such as the Osmundas Pteritis nodulosa and Dry-
opteris goldiana were tied in columns and wrapped about
with soft paper. The packing was completed and the
ferns put into two large closed but unheated vans on
the morning of March 11th. The temperature out of
doors on that morning was just ten degrees above Zero,
but the ferns arrived at the Grand Central Palace in the
early afternoon in perfect condition.

The ferns were left undisturbed in their pots and flats
and arranged in natural groupings on a platform giving
an area of 220 square feet and built up high at the back
with a natural slope to the front and sides. Damp peat
moss was packed between them to hide the containers and
keep them moist and to give a foundation for the plant-
ing of the woodland plants, ground covers and mosses.
Three thousand pounds of moss and lichen covered rocks,
and some limestone rocks and talus for the planting of
Harts-tongue ferns were used to complete the picture.
A thorough spraying with a fog nozzle spray night am
morning daily kept the ferns in a perfectly fresh state
during the six days of the Flower Show. :

It was clearly demonstrated by this project of forcing
ferns for exhibition that large, well developed and well
established roots were essential for the best results under
forcing conditions. The success achieved in presenting
an exhibit of these sixty species of hardy native fern;
out of their season, so far from their native habitat and
under such unnatural conditions, was due, first, to allow-
ing them to follow their natural habit in having a froze?
period of rest, and then to the unremitting care and

watchfulness of the heat, light, humidity, and yentila-

tion given them, and to the correct judgment of te
amount of water required by each species when gr
under forcing conditions.

SHARON, CONN.

_ TABLE SHOWING THE RATE OF GROWTH OF THE FERNS Figures apply to the best specimen of each individual species.

New
Graeth Feb. 9 Feb. 13 Feb. 18 Feb. 19 Feb. 21 Feb. 22 Feb. 23 Feb, 27 Feb. 28 Mch. 1 Mch. 2 Mech. 3 Mch, 7
Dryopteris intermedia Feb. 9 22in, | 22 in. | 26 in. S75} S0hin. | 283in, | 283mm. | 203in | ookin, | 20tin, | b0 im | He aieaget ci
Dryopteris spinulosa Feb. 9 12 in. 20 in. 20 in. 21 in. 21 in. ati in, 3p! i: 52 in. 39f . 33 7 By - de Fertile fronis
Dryopteris campyloptera Feb. 9 3 in, 3 in. 54 in. 7 in. 10 in. 123 in. 15 in. 17 in 18}in 194 in. 21hin, 2 = 25 in. Fertile fronds
pteris marginalis Feb. 5 | Sin. | 17in, | 22in | 23 in | 24 in | 24fim, | 25 in. | 25'in | 36 ins | oy ik | oe | agtin = 4 in | 25 in | 30 in. | Fertile frond
Dryopteris goldiana Feb. 5 | 5in. | 19in. | 36in. | 373 in. 40 in | 42 in 20 in Fertile fronds
D ia-mas Feb, 15 7 3 in. 8 in. 9 in. 104 in. 11} in. 13 in. 15 in 15 in 15 in 16 in 16 in 18 in a 8 cones
preopterts cristata zee. 4 i in. = os iH be is 324 in. rae r ertile focal
eris eb. in. n. n. n,
Grvees terie boot Feb. 10 | 2 in, 2 in 74 in, 84 in. 103 in. 13 in. 14 in 15} in 17 in is z 19 in 30 in 21 in Fertile men
: 0
Thelypteris palustris ~ = 18 in. No fertile fronds
Thelypteris simulata Jan.10 | 14in. HH fe: Wertile fronts
Thelypteris noveboracensis Jan. 28 14 in. 16 in. 18 in.
Phegopteris polypodioides Jan. 20 5 in. 6 in. 7 in, 9 in. Fertile fronds
Phegopteris heragonoptera Feb. 3 in. 5 in. — 6 in. 8 in, 9 in. 10 in a pine
Phegopteris dryopteris Jan. 1 n. 3 a4 Fertile fronds
Polypodium virginianum Jan. 26 ‘2 Fertile fronds
Polypodium polypodioides Received ’ fe Fertile fronds
own n,
Polystichum acrostichoides Jan. 30 4in, 9 in. 15 in. 19 in.
Polystichum braunit Jan. 30 | 16in. 19 in. 20 in. 20 in. 21 in Fertile fronds
Teohleres wie ~ i jan. 30 | 194m 13 3 16 i salons 20 int o fertile fronds
nchis bon virginica an. n. n. n. : 2 ;
deren Rite | tee | Be | | BEE | ao, os of - Pectie ro
um ypter 8 eb. n. n, n, n. n. 17} in. 184 in. 1 5
Athyrium pyenocarpum Feb. 5 | Gin, | 13in, | 21in | 21 in. 223 in. 33" in: 33" in, orgs 34 in: ae 7 - Perils fronds
ere no u an, n. n. n.
10noclea sensibilis Feb. 5 8 in. 16 in. 20 in. 22 in. nee 29 in Fertile frond:
Oemunda cinnamomea Jan. 26 | 10in, 19 in. 32 in. 36 in é No fertile fronds
{Qemunda claytoniana Jan.15 | 34in, | 36in. | 40in. 42 th Fertile frond
*Osmunda regalis Jan.15 | 42in. 43 in. 46 in. ; Fertile fronds
Sunustacdite punctitobale Jan. 26 | 14in. | 18in. 29 to 24 in. Fors fee
n,
ane um pedat Feb. 1 10 in. 17 in. 18 in.
eridium latiuscutum Jan.15 | 18in. | 18in. | 19in. 21 in, 19 in. : Fertile fronds
Cystopteri bulbifer Jan.20 | Qin. | 12in) | 14in 15 in. 18 i No fertile fronds
Cystopteris fragilis Jan. 15 | 10in. : ss Fertile fro
Jan. 10 6 to = Fertile fronds
a ot 8 in. Fertile fronds
oodsia ilvensis i
‘i Jan. 9 4 4 : Fertile fronds
oodsia scopulina . 30
P ian bing 6 in. 7 in. Fertile fronds
Marsilea quadrifolia Received Torilic seaianats
own
Cheilanthes lanosa an. 26 4 in, 6 in. 12
Pellaea glabella Jan. 15 2 to in. Fertile fronds
4 in, Fertile fronds
Pellaea atropurpurea Jan. 15 2to 3 to 8 in.
4 in. Tin. Fertile fronds
Schizaea pusilla Received Old fertile frond
wn s
“Be 8 in. ‘ 12 ‘4
Op eee oaigaine Jan. 18 me 15 in. 20 in. ae
hium virginianum Feb, 9 | 11m 3in, 5 in ce wcuike |
peewee | ae iiss Z
ise bia obliga } preserved Sin. aes i — : | . : eo
mpasrioariesfoliug n.1 4 in 1 Old fertile fronds
= —s in. 14 in. Fertile frond
5 in. Fertile fronds
: i Fertile fronds
: ade ae Bld tarde onde
oS aegia iad ae er ‘ ein. 1 in. | 2 in. Fertile fronds
acai +in ee 2 in. Fertile fronds
ae mS aaa Saree 9 tn Se Old fertile fronds
3 in. fear |
3 in. i Started to root at tips”
a 2 tn xe Meares 4 ofertilefronds
fronds 4 to / Fertile fronds
2to 5 in.
ae Sh. i
# Fertile fronds
* Onoclea sensidilis ama bad — 8 inches broad and 29 inches tall.

: Sonu

GROWING FERNS FROM SPORES 95

Growing Ferns from Spores
R. C. BENEDICT

Most common ferns are easy to raise from spores, and
in the early stages they do not require much space or an
elaborate setup. For some time I have had it in mind to
prepare a fairly extensive account of different methods,
technical and otherwise, which may be used. So far, it
has not been possible to complete that, but, in response
to not infrequent letters, I have boiled down the essen-
tials of two practical processes as described below.

The simplest media on which to raise ferns from spores
are (1) soil and (2) clay pots. It is a good plan to try
both ways at the same time, and to start more than one
culture at one time. Two general conditions should be
noted. (1) In most fern species the spores will germi-
nate best if sown fairly soon after ripening; (2) spore
cultures require a good light. Except in summer when
the sun is high and the temperature also likely to be high,
the lightest window in the house is not too bright. Re-
garding the first point, the spores of some species remain
Viable for months, or even years; others, like those of
Osmunda, must be sown immediately.

1. Som Cuurure. Finely sifted soil, consisting of a
mixture of sand and light loam, is placed in pots with an
excess of drainage at the bottom. The pots are kept with
the bottoms immersed in water, and for each pot a cover
of clear glass. Before planting the spores, it may be
profitable to sterilize the pot and soil by subjecting to low

Oven heat, or in a steam pressure cooker for a half hour.
Additional water should be supplied entirely from heicw.

Lay Por Cuururge. The diagram sufficiently illus-
trates the simple setup. Sterilization of the pot and moss
will prevent the advent of mosses and some algae. The
prothallia may take somewhat longer to mature than when

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

oe
1, GLASS PLATE. 2. SOIL. 3. WATER. 4 DRAINAGE-GRAVEL OR BROKEN bg
5. COOKY JAR. 6. : 7. SPORES SOWN ON TOP AND SIDES. & phen
NUM MOSS PACKED IN. 9. PAPER COLLAR TO KEEP WATER DARK AND
KEEP DOWN ALGAE GROWTH.

GROWING FERNS FROM SPORES 97

grown in soil, but they can easily be transferred to soil
when partly grown, by scraping from the surface of the
ot

Spores should not be sown too thickly, else the pro-
thallia will be spindling. For watering, spring water or
nutrient solution has advantages over ordinary water sup-
plies because the latter are usually chlorinated. It is a
good plan to boil water before using it.

The glass jar indicated is sold at five and ten cent
stores under the name of a ‘‘cooky jar’’ at a cost of 15¢.

The following formula for Knop’s nutrient solution may
be used. It should be used in a dilution of about .2 of 1%.

Knop’s Solution
Water 1 liter
Acid Potassium Phosphate ............... 0.25 g
Magnesium Sulphate ccc 0.25 g.
Potassium nitrit 0.25 g.
Calcium nitrate 1.00 g.
Ferric Chloride trace

Three other good media may be mentioned. (1) Water:
Spores may be sown directly on the surface of shallow
water, and the prothallia lifted off as soon as they grow
large enough to manipulate. If the bottom of a cooky jar
is barely covered with water and the cover sealed with
vaseline, the culture can be left without disturbance for
long periods. (2) Slabs or uneven chunks of Osmunda
roots, including whatever soil they naturally contain, fur-
nish excellent cultural conditions for many species. A
cooky jar or an aquarium bowl with a glass top makes a
S00d container. (3) An uneven chunk of old porous brick
is another good medium and may be used in place of a
flower-pot in a cooky jar.

3. Pusts. With all the precautions taken, spore cul-
tures are still liable to the invasion of certain pests in the
way of fungi, algae, and mosses. Funet: The least fre-

98 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

quent seem to be fungi. Sometimes, on sterilized sur-
faces, patches of a ‘‘mould’’ appear in advance of the ger-
mination of the fern spores. This fungus, however, does
not seem to cause any trouble, as it disappears, apparently
without trace. Occasionally, at later stages, when pro-
thallia have advanced considerably, one or more other
fungi will develop and form dense fruiting masses.

LGAE: The worst pests in fern cultures are several kinds
of algae which find pot surface exactly suited for their
growth. A blackish-green form, probably Oscillatoria,
may start and spread over a whole growth of prothallia,
blighting the prothallia. Mossrs: One particular kind of
moss may appear in parallel development with the fern
prothallia. Its chief harm is that it overtops the pro-
thallia, and may spread enough to preempt most of the
growing surface. Precautions: The moss plants may
usually be pulled out without much difficulty. The algae
will respond to a treatment of a homeopathic dose of ¢op-
per sulphate solution, a dilution of one part in ten million
parts of water, touched to the algal colonies. Copper sul-
phate will also take care of the later fungus growth, if it
has not advanced too far.

BROOKLYN Botanic GARDEN

Our Way with Ferns
JOSEPHINE EDSON AND GRACE GRIFFETH

In raising ferns from spores, by our method, a terrarium
should be secured, rectangular in shape. The necessary
cover may be a pane of glass, cut to size, to fit over the toP-

In the bottom of the tank should be placed a half-inch
layer of fine charcoal, and a two-inch layer of aquarium
gravel which has first been scalded. Next four-inch pots
are prepared, being scrubbed and scalded even if they av®
newly purchased.

GROWING FERNS FROM SPORES 99

In the bottom of each pot are put fragments of crock, a
wad of spaghnum moss (to keep the contents of the pots
from seeping out and to help retain the moisture), a layer
of fine charcoal, one of scalded aquarium gravel and, if
desired, a thin mat of peatmoss. Lastly, the soil.

Careful preparation of the soil-mixture is essential.
One part each of sifted, acid, woods earth, sharp sand and
granulated peat moss we have found to be satisfactory.
Sterilization of all materials used is most important. The
combined materials may be purified either by steaming
or boiling, to destroy any seeds, insect-eggs or worms that
the soil may contain. When the steaming compost has
cooled, squeeze out the water and fill the pots to within
one-half inch of the tops. To be certain that both pots and
contents are thoroughly sterilized, it is well to pour boil-
ing water through them after they are full. When the
Soil is cool, the spores may be sown and the pots then
placed in the terrarium.

Empty, inverted pots may be placed on the gravel, in
the terrarium, and the filled pots set upon their bases. I
the tank is too low to permit of this procedure, the filled
pots may be nested within others.

The spores should be carefully scraped from the fronds
onto a piece of waxed paper, then shaken over the surface
of the prepared soil in the pots. If too much leafy matter —
is allowed to remain upon the earth, mold is apt to form
and cause endless trouble. Spores should not be sown
too thickly. Those from one pinna are enough for one
four-inch pot.

We have discovered that it is impossible to obtain a pure
Sowing. Where the other spores come from is a mystery,
unless they have fallen on, and clung to, the fronds of the
ferns being used.

The gravel, in the bottom of the tank, should be kept
Continuously moist. It is never advisable to water the

100 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

pots from the top. Remove them from the tank and set
in a pan of water that has been boiled and cooled (to pre-
vent the formation of algae), so that the water reaches
nearly to their rims. Allow them to remain until the soil
appears moist; then drain and return to the terrarium.

The terrarium should be stored in a fairly light place,
although not in direct, strong sunlight. A northern ex-
posure is best. If this is impossible of attainment, the
tank may be shaded with heavy paper.

Care must be taken that the terrarium is kept moist,
but not sloppy, so that no condensation troubles occur.
If drops of moisture collect upon the cover it is best to
remove it, carefully, wipe and replace. We have had less
trouble with damping-off and black-rot when the cover-
glass is raised a trifle. This also does away, largely, with
the condensation of moisture. A little air will be of
benefit to the ferns, though they will require watering @
little oftener.

Germination takes place in from ten days to six weeks;
depending upon the species of fern sown. For example,
the Pellaeas and rock spleenworts usually germinate 12
about ten days’ time.

When growth has begun, and frequently before, mold
may make its appearance in the pots. Should this occur,
it is expedient to remove the affected ones immediately.
If this is neglected the mold will spread, very rapidly,
and ruin the entire sowing. Black-rot may be checked by
removing the infected areas with tweezers. However, this
will not always avail, and it may be necessary to remove
the pot to prevent spread of the disease.

It is well to keep on hand pots of sterilized soil, as there
is no telling when the primary leaves will appear. Then,
when the baby ferns in the original pots show a couple of
leaves they may be transplanted without delay, thus being
given more root-room. Place them a half or quarter inch

GROWING FERNS FROM SPORES 101

apart—according to their size. It may be necessary to
transplant them as they grow larger, several times before
they are placed in their permanent locations.

After the prothallia appear it is usually five or six weeks
before fertilization takes place and the sporophytes begin
to grow. Then the little ferns should be from one to two
years old before being planted outside. The ferns, ac-
customed to the humid air of a terrarium, should not be
set unprotected into the garden. They must be gradually
inured to the altered conditions under which they are
expected to live.

Set them in a soil to their liking, invert tumblers or
panes of glass over them and leave for a day or so. Raise
the glasses by degrees, day after day, until they may be
removed altogether. If, at any time during the pro-
cedure, the ferns show signs of wilting, lower the covers
and begin over again.

Should it be the intention to set them into crevices, it
is more practical to acclimatize them, first, in a place where
the ground is level. They may thus be hardened-off more
readily, it being well nigh impossible to cover a fern,
planted in a crevice, with a tumbler or pane of glass.
When they have become accustomed to the out-of-doors
they may be removed to their permanent locations.

In raising ferns from spores one, armed with patience,
may secure many different species not native to his local-
ity. This may be done by exchanging with others inter-
ested in ferns, or by obtaining fruiting fronds from
friends, or botanists, in other parts of the country.

Rocuester, New York

102 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Some Fern Notes
Donovan 8S. CorRRELL

x ASPLENIUM VIRGINICUM IN PeNNsyLvANtIA, When I
visited the National Herbarium in September, 1938,
Dr. Maxon showed me the sheet of x Aspleniwm vir-
ginicum Maxon which he later described as A. mixtum
(Am. Fern Journ. 28: 141) and recently (29: 72) re-
named as above. Later in the year, while going through
some material in the Brown University Herbarium, I
found a specimen of the hybrid.

The specimen originally belonged to the private her-
barium of William Stout. It was labeled as follows:
“‘ Asplenium Trichomanes L., Hab. Delaware Water Gap,
Pa., Legit R. Stout, Aug. or Sept., 1878.’’ Another label
on the sheet gives Stout’s opinion concerning the prob-
able status of the plant: ‘‘Asplenium Trichomanes, L. oF
perhaps a hybrid between A. Trichomanes and A. ebenewm
[A. platynewron (L.) Oakes] or A. parvulum [A. resiliens
Kunze|—W. 8.’’ Still another label has the following
data: ‘A. Trichomanes, an interesting form, much like
some Florida specimens that have passed for parvulum—
G.E.D.’’ This last annotation was by Davenport.

Dr. Maxon and Mr. Weatherby have seen the specimen.
We conclude that it agrees very closely with the Vi-
ginia plant. Although the rhizome is present in the
material at hand, it does not seem to be different from its
parents. It is short, erect, and partially covered by dark
brown, narrowly lanceolate-attenuate scales. The fronds
are crowded among the remains of old stipes of previously
existing fronds. The blades are decidedly geniculate at
their bases and are somewhat curved throughout as
A. Trichomanes, although they are essentially erect as 7
A. platyneuron.

Fern Notes 103

TRICHOMANES MEMBRANACEUM IN MIssissIppPt? Recently,
while going through some orchid specimens from the New
York Botanical Garden, I came across a sheet of Habe-
naria blephariglottis (Willd.) Torr. which had been col-
lected by F. E. Lloyd and 8. M. Tracy (no. 315) and lab-
eled: ‘‘Biloxi, Mississippi, Sept. 6, 1900.’ While ex-
amining this specimen, I found a single small fern frond
which Mr. Weatherby identified as Trichomanes mem-
branaceum L. The fern was somewhat loosely attached
by its slender rootstock to some of the dried soil on one
of the upper roots of the orchid. The small amount of
soil which had been dried with the plants appeared to be
muck which contained much sand.

I have since corresponded with Dr. Lloyd. He was
unable to give me the exact location of the collection.
However, he kindly sent me the following information:

. the Habenaria you speak of must have been eol-
lected i I the open piney woods north of Biloxi, where we
found Sarracenia Drummondii and psittacina. ... We
did not exchange [specimens] with any tropical people.
The Trichomanes must have occurred with the Habe-
naria,’?

Trichomanes membranaceum is found as far north as
Cuba. It is generally found throughout the West Indian
Islands, where it erows in mountain ravines, on tree
trunks, at the base of trees, and on rocks. Although its
introduction into this country might be expected, its
actual occurrence here must remain questionable until
the station of the present ‘‘accidental’’ collection is veri-
fied or until it is discovered in Florida or elsewhere along
the Gulf—or in the mountains of South Carolina!

CHEILANTHES ALABAMENSIS IN Fiormpa? There is a
Specimen of Cheilanthes alabamensis (Buckl.) Kunze in
the Gray Herbarium which was collected by Walter

104 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Faxon on ‘‘limestone cliffs, Indian River, Florida, July
12, 1875.’’ This species has not heretofore been reported
southeast of Georgia, and its occurrence on the Florida
east coast is most unusual. Indian River extends, as an
inland waterway route, parallel to the mainland from
Mosquito Lagoon in northern Brevard County south to
St. Lucie Inlet in northern Martin County, a distance of
about 90 miles.

In an effort to check the authenticity of this collection,
I extracted fragments of a small moss which grew en-
twined in the rhizome of the fern. Dr. L. E. Anderson
identified the moss as a depauperate form of Campyliwm
chrysophyllum (Brid.) Bryhn, which, according to Grout
(Moss Flora of North America (1928) 82), ranges ‘‘south
to Georgia and Texas.’’ The fact that neither the fern
nor moss have previously been reported from Florida
does not necessarily mean that they may not occur there.
This station is only one of the innumerable botanically
interesting regions of the south that have never been
thoroughly explored by any botanically-minded indi-
vidual.

Sinee I had not collected in this part of Florida and
am therefore not very familiar with the region, I wrote
to Dr. Bob Schlernitzauer, Mayor of Rockledge, Florida,
for information concerning the possibility of there bemg
“cliffs” along the Indian River. He writes as follows:
“‘The shore of Indian River thru most of the six mile
shore of Rockledge is of coquina rock formation and the
soil of Rockledge is mostly formed above the rock foun-
dation from which it rises to a height of about 60 ft. -
Some places.’’ He writes further in ‘The Miamian
(March, 1938, p. 3) : “The highest point on the East Coast
lies along the Indian River two miles north of Rockledge
where Carleton Terrace rises to a height of 60 feet, .---

The recently discovered gorge of tropical ferns in the
mountains of South Carolina is but a glimpse into one

Ferns or Mount SHasta 105

of the many unexplored regions of the floristically rich
Southeastern United States where, in spite of decades of
collecting, species still remain hidden from all but the
keenest eye!

Botanica Museum, Harvarp UNIvERSITY

Some Ferns of Mount Shasta
WinuiAmM Brivnce CooKE

The first formal expedition to collect the flora of Mount
Shasta was that led by Dr. C. Hart Merriam for the
United States Bureau of Biological Survey in 1898.
Prior to that time occasional visits had been paid to the
mountain by various botanists and collectors, who finally
became interested in the more luxuriant flora of the
granitic Mount Eddy across Strawberry Valley and left
few records of their visit to Mount Shasta in herbaria.

Pringle, Copeland, Lemmon, and Brewer, however, left
specimens of ferns collected on the mountain. The col-
lections which Miss Alice Eastwood made in 1896 were
lost in the San Francisco fire. When she revisited the
mountain in 1912 her collections show more interest in
flowering plants than ferns, as specimens. H. E. Brown
reported a visit to Mount Shasta’s north slopes between
5000 and 9000 feet from June 11 to June 16, 1896. It
is doubtful if Mr. Brown got much collecting done at
those elevations, since melting snow probably still
covered the ground. To my knowledge he reported no
ferns.

The Merriam expedition! covered the mountain fairly
well during their stay of four weeks at Wagon Camp.
ee

1©. Hart Merriam. Results of a Biological Survey of Mount
Shasta, Northern California. North American Fauna No. 16, Oct.
1899,

106 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

In addition they made two trips encircling the peak.
Seven species of ferns were reported as a result of
their efforts. So far as I have been able to find material
and publications, this expedition was the only attempt
until 1936 to collect and report the Flora of Mount
Shasta as a single unit.

THE GENERAL AREA COVERED

During the summers of 1936, 1937, and 1938, the
writer has had the rare privilege of living for seven
months at Horse Camp, near timberline on the south-
west slope. Horse Camp is one of the, stops along the
route to the summit of Mount Shasta. At this poimt
climbers usually camp for a night before trying the
ascent.

In my spare moments during those months I have
tried to assemble a collection of the flora of the peak.
The limits of the area are roughly based, on the south-
west, west, and north sides, at least, on the 4000 foot
line of the topographic map—Dunsmuir Quadrangle,
US.G.S. Above this point there is naturally a more
native flora, with fewer introduced weeds. This area
coincides in general with the Mount Shasta Recreation
Area of the Shasta National Forest. While 4000 feet is
the lower limit, 14,161 feet is the upper. Ferns rarely
grow above timberline, however, so the true elevational
upper limit is between 8000 and 9500 feet.

Ferns on Mount Shasta are found at very seattered
and isolated stations. Mount Shasta is one of the vol-
canoes in the Cascade Range. It is probably the driest
of all and has the poorest flora—about 375 species of
vascular plants. It is the most isolated, being separated
from Mount McLoughlin to the north by about 70 miles
and from Mount Lassen to the south by 75 miles. In
both cases the intervening country is made up of 4

Ferns or Mount SHasta — 107

plateau region, which lies mainly in the Upper Sonoran
and Transition zones. It is believed by some geologists
to be the youngest peak in the Cascade range.

List or FerNs AND FERN ALLIES COLLECTED OR
ReporteD oN Mount SHASTA
POLYPODIACEAE
1. ATHYRIUM AMERICANUM (Butters) Maxon. Moun-

tain Lady Fern.

This fern is probably the best known species on the
mountain. Prior to 1918 at least four records from the
same location had been reported. The species grows in
a small ravine south of Horse Camp at about 7800 to
8000 feet. It is found also along stream beds in the lava
flats above Panther Creek Meadows at the same elevation.
The zone is definitely Hudsonian.

2. ATHYRIUM FILIX-FEMINA (L.) Roth var. CALIFORNI-
cum Butters. California Lady Fern.

Merriam reported this species as occuring in places
near the border of the Transition and Canadian zones.
I have never seen it in what I should consider a native
habitat. It grows along the stream formed by Widow
Spring, on the southeast slope of the mountain. From
the generally disturbed appearance of this Forest Ser-
vice Camp Ground it is assumed that the species has been
planted at that point by some one who wished to beautify
the natural forest.

3. CHEILANTHES Graciuuima D. C. Eaton. Lace Fern.
Probably the most common, at least the most widely
distributed, fern on the upper parts of the mountain.
t was reported by Merriam. I have found it on exposed
rock slopes in both the Hudsonian and Transition zones.
In the Transition zone it occupies a small area among
the rocks on one of the more recent lava flow ridges near

108 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

the Sisson Southern Trail, at 4500 feet. In the Hud-
sonian zone it is common in cracks and among chunks of
lava on the southwest slopes above Horse Camp, between
8000 and 8500 feet.

4. CrYPTOGRAMMA AcRosTICHoIDES R.Br. Rock Brake,
American Parsley Fern.

On the rocky slopes and in some of the draws between
them above Horse Camp and between 8000 and 8500
feet. To the observant visitor the two types of fronds,
fertile and sterile, form a striking contrast. It grows
in moister situations than does Cheilanthes gracillima,
but in the same general area in the Hudsonian zone.

5. CYSTOPTERIS FRAGILIS (L.) Bernh. Brittle Fern.
This delicate fern has been collected in two locations.
One is in a small spring just off the Sisson Southern
Trail, in the Canadian zone at 6500 feet. The other is
at Wagon Camp, in the large marshy spring area. The
fern grows on a bank near the junction of two of the
spring outlet creeks. The area is on the border between
the Transition and Canadian zones, at 5700 feet. For
the past two years the Wagon Camp plant has been in-

fected with the rust Hyalopsora Polypodii (Diet. )
Magn.

6. PELLEA BRACHYPTERA (Moore) Baker. Sierra Cliff
Brake.

This is a stiff, grey-green fern which has been found
only on the lava flow outcropping along the Sisson
Southern Trail at 4500 feet. The plant is easily taken
by the casual passerby on horseback for scrubby spec
mens of the occasional rabbit brush, Chrysothamnus
nauseosus (Pall.) Britt.

7. PotysticHum LemMmoni Underwood. Shasta Fern.
This species was based on material collected by Le™-

Ferns oF Mount SHASTA 109

mon in ‘‘the vicinity of Mount Shasta, California.’’ It
was distributed under the name Dryopteris mohrioides
(Bory) Kuntze. Since the species has been commonly
collected on Mount Eddy just across the valley, it is
possible that Lemmon did not get it on Mount Shasta
itself. Several species have been based on specimens
from ‘‘the vicinity on Mount Shasta,’’ such as the Brewer
Spruce, Picea Breweriana Wats., which have never been
actually collected on the mountain. Neither the Mer-
riam expedition nor myself have found P. Lemmoni on
the mountain.

8. PoLysticHum muNituM (Kaulf.) Presl var. IMBRI-
cans (D. C.. Eaton) Maxon. Imbricated Sword
Fern.

This Sword Fern grows in short stiff clumps on the
same lava-flow ridge mentioned for Pellaea brachyptera
and Cheilanthes gracillima. The location is in the Trans-
ition zone and the local chaparral grows around the base
of the ridge. Although the three ferns grow in the same
location on the ridge, their ranges do not overlap.

9. PoLysticHuM scopuLINuM (D. ©. Eaton) Maxon.
Shield Fern.

This fern was reported as growing in the vicinity of
the heather meadows by Merriam, who called it Dryop-
teris aculeata scopulina (Eaton). I have not yet found
it.

10. Prerirum aQuILINUM var. PUBESCENS Underwood.
racken.
This is the commonest fern of ve Transition zone, in-
cluding the chaparral belt. It grows up as far as the
Sn

2See on hes point L. C. Wheeler in Fern Journ. 27: 121
(1937) —

110 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Canadian zone, although I have not seen it in the Shasta
Fir (Abies magnifica Murr. var. shastensis Lem.) forest.
Where the Shasta Fir forest has been cut on the south-
west slope, the chaparral invades the openings and
bracken inevitably accompanies the chaparral. Bracken
is common in the open forest, where it even grows in
decaying stumps.

11. Woopsta scopunina D. C. Eaton. Rocky Mountain .
Woodsia.

One collection of this species was made during the
summer of 1938. The plant was growing in erevices im
a large mass of lava on a ridge north of Horse Camp.
At this point, 9500 feet, one is above timberline on the

the lava was covered with a yellow lichen. Woods
scopulina was observed at a second location. On the
north slope of Red Butte, 8200 feet, is a small community
of plants normally found above timberline, such as Oxy-
ria digyna (L.) Hill and Polemonium shastense Kast-
wood. While a small bit of Hudsonian forest grows 0?
top of the Butte and at a somewhat higher elevation 0”
the main flanks of the mountain in the vicinity, this
community has been classed as Arctic-Alpine.

EQUISETACEAE
12. Equiserum arvense L. Horsetail.

In a small pool of water in a depression along a stream
flowing from the Mount Shasta City reservoir near
Howard, at 4000 feet, I found a small community of
Equisetum. Because this is near the McCloud River
Railroad fill, it is possible that this species has no place
in the native flora of Mount Shasta.

SuHorter Notes AG |

OPHIOGLOSSACEAE

13. Borrycurum LuNnaria (L.) Sw. Moonwort.

This is the first record of this fern in Siskiyou County,
California. It was found in the small spring along the
Sisson Southern Trail, at 6500 feet. The zone is Cana-
dian and the forest is strictly Shasta Fir. In two suce-
cessive years, 1937 and 1938, I have found one frond a
year. It grows near the base of the permanently mois-
tened portion of the spring.

A complete set of Mount Shasta ferns collected during
the past three years is on file at the herbarium of the
University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.

The writer is indebted to Dr. Helen M. Gilkey, Oregon
State College, Corvallis, Oregon, for assistance during
preparation of this report.

DEPARTMENT oF BoTaNny, OREGON STATE COLLEGE,

CoRVALLIS, OREGON

Shorter Notes

Lycoprum gaponicum IN Texas.—Lygodium japonicum
has been reported from Georgia, North Carolina, South
Carolina, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi and Louisiana.
To this list Texas may be added. June 28, 1937, the
writer received from Beaumont some immature foliage of
a climbing fern found between Cow Bayou and the Neches
River, Orange County, located in the southeast corner of
the State. A specimen was sent to Dr. W. R. Maxon who
identified it as Lygodium japonicum (Thunb.) Swartz.

The writer has been informed that the property on
which this station was found has been cleared of timber
and the station destroyed, but that another station has
been found in J efferson County closer to Beaumont.—G.
M. Soxman, Dallas, Texas.

112 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

OBSERVATIONS ON BortrycHtums.—Botrychiums find
such a fertile territory in northern Wayne County in
Pennsylvania that I am reporting some observations
from an unusual station in a pasture above Lake Hiawatha
two miles north of Lake Shehawken. In this field of about
ten acres a conservative estimate would place the number
of Botrychiums there at over a thousand plants. In a
section staked out where they were thickest, of about two
acres, or the size of an ordinary city block, I counted over
400 Botrychiums, all B. obliquum and B. dissectum, with
the possible exception of three or four B. obliquwum var.
oneidense. They were most prolific in patches of moss
which seem to provide unusually suitable conditions for
germination.

The count was made the last week of September. Most
of the spores were ripe, and a slight tap on the stem was
followed by a dusty shower.

Ninety-three per cent of the plants were B. obliquum,
only thirty were B. dissectum. Of B. obliquum eighty
per cent were fertile; about sixty-seven per cent of P-
dissectum. In regard to autumn coloration, eighty Pe
cent of the fertile B. obligquum were colored. A slightly
smaller percentage of the sterile plants were colored, but
this is due perhaps to the fact that the fertile plant is more
easily seen. Only four B. dissectum were uncolored,
about the same percentage as with B. obliquum.

Of the 70 or 80 plants which had remained green, with
the exception of a very few, all were either not yet mature,
as indicated by the unopened spore cases, or were quite
protected by other vegetation. Whether the few defi-
nitely green plants were immature, or may have bee?
influenced by some undetermined conditions, or whether
the green color was a permanent characteristic of the
individual plant, cannot be satisfactorily and definitely
determined. Although it is apparent that on rare occa-

SHortTer Notes 113

sions a plant of B. obliquum and B. dissectum will re-
main green all winter under conditions that appear simi-
lar to those of bronzed plants, it is quite evident that
the autumn coloration is a permanent characteristic of
these species.

I do not believe that B. obliquum var. oneidense ever
changes its color in autumn, although many plants of this
variety in open fields, not their ordinary habitat, have a
slight fringe of bronze color on the edges of the pinnules.

Whether the variety oneidense belongs with the mul-
tifidum group, as Graves believed, or should be classified
as a variety of B. dissectum, according to Clausen, depends
largely on what is used as a basis of classification. Its
late fruiting time, used by Clausen to support his classifi-
cation, may be the result of the fact that its usual habitat
is shade, and that it belongs to a more northerly range.
Kither of these conditions will materially retard the period
of fructification.

As no tabu of the mores in the plant world has prevented
extensive promiscuity, family characteristics there are not
easily traceable and relationships have never been re-
corded in vital statistics. Accordingly a systematist runs
no risk of being challenged by documentary proof of his
error.—WituiaM L. Dix, Morrisville, Pa.

TRICHOMANES Perersm A. Gray IN NortH CaRoLIna.1—
Trichomanes Petersii A. Gray was recently found, for
apparently the first time, in North Carolina during the
course of an ecological survey in the vicinity of Calder-
wood Lake on the Little Tennessee River. Specimens were
collected in Graham County, two miles northwest of
Tapoco, North Carolina, halfway between Slick Rock
Creek (state line) and Yellow Hammer Creek. The fern

1 Contribution from the Botanical Laboratory, The University of
ennessee, N. Ser. 33.

114 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

was found growing on a rock projecting from the north
side of the mountain, about one hundred and fifty feet
above the level of the lake, at an elevation of approxi-
mately 1,050 feet.

The writer had previously found two other stations
along the lake. One is in Monroe County, Tennessee,
from which place the fern has not been reported before.
The other station is in the southern end of Blount County.
Previous collections have been made from the northern
part of Blount County and from Sevier County.” These
are the only stations reported for Tennessee.

Specimens from the Calderwood Lake stations are in the
herbaria of the following institutions: The University of
Tennessee, Duke University, Harvard University, U. S.
National Museum, New York Botanical Garden, and the
University of North Carolina—A. RanpoupH SHIELDS,
University of Tennessee.

TrICHOMANES BoscutaNum SrurM IN East TENNESSEE-’
—During a collecting trip, February 19, 1939, on Calder-
wood Lake, the writer came upon a small, but luxuriant
colony of fertile Trichomanes Boschianum Sturm. Ord
narily, this fern is found in very moist habitats, fre
quently in the spray from rushing water. However, this
colony seemed to be doing very well on a siliceous rock
which was not particularly moist, even after recent, heavy
winter rains.

The earliest record of this fern for Tennessee is that of
the collection made near Sewanee, Franklin County, by

2 Sharp, A. J.: Trichomanes Petersii A. Gray in Tennessee. AM
Fern JouRN. 21: 75. 1931, i
—————..: Notes on the Ferns of the Southern Appalachians:
Journ, Tenn. Acad. Sci, 12: 186. 1 aw of

1 Contribution from the Botanical Laboratory, The University
Tennessee, N. Ser. 34.

SHortTerR NoTEs 115

Gattinger in 1878.2, A recent communication from Dr.
J. T. McGill, Vanderbilt University, states he collected
“*T. radicans (Boschianum)’’ near Sewanee in 1881.
These are, as nearly as can be determined, the only records
of its occurrence in Tennessee. It is believed that the sta-
tion at Sewanee no longer exists. The eastern Tennessee
station is in Monroe County near a nameless small creek
emptying into Calderwood Lake, about one-half mile from
the North Carolina boundary. The elevation is approxi-
mately 1,000 feet.

The McGill collection is in the herbarium of Vanderbilt
University. The present collection has been distributed
to the University of Tennessee, Duke University, Harvard
University, U. S. National Museum, New York Botanical
Garden, and The University of North Carolina—Rosert
K. Zucx, University of Tennessee.

LyGopium PALMATUM (BERNH.) Sw. In New YorK.—On
September 28, 1938, my daughter, Miss Phoebe E. Phelps,
while hunting for black alder (Ilex verticillata (L.) Gray)
in low woods thick-set with gray birch (Betula populifolia
Marsh.), came upon a large colony of the climbing fern,
Lygodium palmatum (Bernh.) Sw. There were hundreds
of fronds, many heavily fruited and some more than five
feet in length ; the plants formed an almost solid growth
covering more than 100 square feet.

The climbing fern has long been regarded as one of the
rarest of ferns in New York State. Indeed until 1938
only two stations for it have been known, one long ago
exterminated and the other lost. Beyond our borders the
climbing fern oceurs in widely scattered localities from
New Hampshire and Massachusetts southward to Ten-
nhessee and Florida.

_? Anderson, W. A.: A List of Tennessee Ferns. AM. Fern Journ.
20: 143-150. 1930,

116 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

er
seum
(Photograph by New York State Muset
LyGopIUM PALMATUM FRoM SaRaToGa Counry, N. Y.

Suorter Notes 117

Torrey (Flora New York 2: 504. 1843) includes the
climbing fern, but states that (at that time) no definite
locality for it was actually known within the borders of
the State. During the season of 1873 it was found near
Hunter, Greene county by Miss Mary C. Reynolds (Bull.
Torrey Bot. Club 5: 5. January, 1874), but before the
season of 1874 was over the plants there were destroyed
by vandalism (Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 39. September,
1874).

In Chenango county, the fern was found by Mrs. D. B.
Fitch near McDonough (46th Ann. Rept. N. Y. State
Museum, Bot. Ed. p. 53. 1893), and two sheets of it
collected there and deposited in the New York State
Museum are dated August 9, 1892. The knowledge of
the exact location of this station apparently died with
Mrs. Fitch. The late Edward W. Davis, of Norwich, and
Dr. H. D. House, State Botanist, have searched the region
Several times without finding it, and it is possible that the
disastrous floods of recent years have destroyed the fern
if it grew along the banks of the Genegantslet creek below
McDonough, as has been stated by a friend of Mrs. Fitch’s
who sometimes accompanied her on her botanical excur-
sions. At least it may be said that considerable search
for the fern in that region has been without result.

The present station is in the northern part of Saratoga
County. It is more than a hundred miles from the near-
est reported station in New York (Greene County, 1873)
and is at present the northernmost locality known for the
Species. Specimens collected by Dr. House (No. 26344,
November 8, 1938) have been distributed to several insti-
tutions and several more specimens are available for those
who may desire them. No roots have been taken and it
18 hoped that none will be taken for any purpose, since this
now constitutes the only known locality for the fern in
New York State. Qua de causa nemo roget ubi habitat.

118 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

I am indebted to Dr. House for details regarding the
early stations—Orra ParKER PHELps, Gansevoort, New
York.

‘Farry Rives’? Iv Ferns.—I suppose that we are all
more or less familiar with the circular growth of fungi,
known as fairy rings, which, in the olden times, were
supposed to be the dancing places of the pixies. But the
fairy rings of ferns and fern allies appear to have received
little attention, although the rhizome in a way behaves
like the mycelium. However, there are two recent articles
on the subject of such rings of ferns, having particular
reference to their age. One of these, Longevity of
Osmunda cinnamomea by Mr. Bird, appeared in a recent
number of our Journau (28: 151-157, 1938) and another
entitled L’Age des Ronds-de-Sorciére de Fougéres by
Rousseau, Simard and Gauvreau is in French and is
printed in the Contributions du Laboratoire de Botanique
de 1’Université de Montréal, 29: 91-99, 1937 (Extract
from Naturaliste canadien, 64: 234-242, 1937).

The Canadian work describes particularly certain fairy
rings of Osmunda Claytoniana at Laprairie, Quebec, and
in the case of three such rings tabulates the data as a basis
to determining their age. While the calculation may vaTY
in accordance with the annual number of fronds produced
by the shoot, it would appear that the average age May
roughly be measured by allowing for a growth of one
centimeter of rhizome in two years. As the rings at©
really irregular polygons, the shortest radius was 8°
erally taken; it would not do to take merely the diameter
in centimeters.

Mr. Bird, in his article, describes a clump of Osmunda
cinnamomea near Rye, N. Y., 3.74 meters across. BYr —
dently, Prof. Clute had suggested to him that an appro*®
mate age might be reached by a method similar to that
employed by the Canadians. But this could not be done

SuHorter Notes 119

with the specimen in question, so Mr. Bird ingeniously
took the age of some known plants and ascertained that a
30-year luxuriant growth showed a greatest advance of a
trifle under 18 centimeters; this would be 1.20 centimeters
in two years as against the Laprairie average for O. Clay-
toniana of one centimeter in the same time. Accord-
ingly, Mr. Bird reaches an age of 310 years for his clump
per greatest radial measurement.

This greatest radial measurement would probably ap-_
proximate about 2 meters (as shown by the plate), so that
the short radius would be only 1.74 meters. Using the
Canadian formula of age, we would get 348 years, a very
close approximation to Mr. Bird’s figure; this without
taking into consideration perhaps slower growth of 0.
Claytoniana, difference in climate and growing conditions.
Again, Mr. Bird counted 534 sterile fronds from 77 nodes
in 1927 and 430 from 80 nodes in 1928. Adding to each
177 for fruiting fronds, we get 9.1 and 7.6 fronds per
node, or an average of 8.35, as against the Canadian aver-
age of 8.1 for three circles.

I think our congratulations should go to the authors of
both articles for bringing up coincidently the interesting
subject of fairy rings in ferns, and in arriving indepen-
wha at such close conclusions.—F’. W. Kosst, New York

ity.

DisTRIBUTION OF ADIANTUM TRICHOLEPIS IN TEXAS.—
Coulter in his ‘‘Botany of Western Texas’? (1891-94)
credits Bigelow with finding Adiantum tricholepis at the
Pecos River, and B. F. Bush in his ‘‘List of the Ferns of
Texas’’ in 19031 gives the location as at the mouth of the
Pecos, Val Verde County. It was probably found by
Bigelow during his connection with the Mexican Boundary
Survey (1850-53).2 In The Fern Bulletin? Willard N.
[eee

* Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 30: 350. 1903.

*“‘Naturalists of the Frontier,’’ by S. W. Geiser, 1937.

1904. :

* Fern Bull, 12: 44.

120 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Clute described specimens collected by James H. Ferriss
near the mouth of the Pecos, that were said to agree with
specimens in the National Herbarium in every particular
except pubescence, the Ferriss specimens ‘‘being abso-
lutely glabrous.’ So far as I can find, no other collec-
tion was made in the United States until, in 1934, Dr.
Edgar T. Wherry® discovered a station in northern Medina
County, 130 miles east of the Pecos location.

While visiting in San Antonio, Nov. 18, 1936, I made
arrangements to search for Dr. Wherry’s station. It was
not found; but my wife discovered a group of four small
plants in the vicinity of Medina Lake Dam, and later in
the day another small station of 27 plants or clumps was
found. These appeared to be the species sought, and
specimens were sent to Dr. William R. Maxon, who iden-
tified them as Adiantum tricholepis Fée.

During the first part of October, 1938, I found a large
colony near the base of a high cliff, and a few days later
(Oct. 13th) Mr. H. B. Parks and I discovered two other
large stations. On December 26th, further scattered
plants or clumps were found, all within a radius of five
miles from that first discovered. Future search will no
doubt disclose other colonies, but enough have been
located to prove the species abundant in this part of
Medina County.

The region is exceedingly rough and broken, with deep
ravines fringed with steep slopes and bluffs faced with
hard, gray, flint-bearing limestone ledges and boulders
of Lower Cretaceous age. It is on these dry slopes, ™
the shelter of rocks, brush, small mountain cedar, and
scrub oak, that this Species appears at home. Its mr
mediate fern associates belong to the cliff and semi-arid

*See, however, Amer. Fern Journ., 29: 70-72. 1939. The Fer
riss plant is Adiantum capillus-V eneris.—Ep.
5 AMER, FERN JOURN., 24: 97. 1934,

SHorteER Notes 121

groups, such as Anemia mexicana, Pellaea ovata (P.
flexuosa), Cheilanthes alabamensis, and to a lesser extent
C. horridula and Pellaea atropurpurea. Association with
its moisture-loving near relative Adiantum capillus-
Veneris is not normal. Only at one place was the latter
found growing near by, but in this instance at a different
level—a wet, dripping, limestone ledge below an exposed
dry upper level.

In conclusion, I wish to thank Dr. Maxon for identify-
ing the different specimens submitted and Dr. Henry K.
Svenson for furnishing a copy of Mr. Clute’s notes in the
Fern Bulletin on ‘‘New and Rare Ferns from the South-
west,”’

Specimens have been furnished the United States Na-
tional Museum, the University of Texas, and the Texas
Agricultural and Mechanical College—G. M. Soxman,
Dallas, Texas.

THE Tre or Frurrinc or Some Frrns.—My records
Show that the fertile fronds of Onoclea appeared July
5-10. The sterile fronds appeared mainly from April 25
to May 4, but some continued coming in June or even in
July. It is possible, however, that some fertile fronds
appeared in my fern bed at a later time without attract-
ing my attention.

One peculiarity about my cinnamon fern may be men-
tioned. The original plants were set in my fern bed with-
out any extra supply of moisture; and though the fronds
they produced were rather narrower and not nearly so
tall as those of plants growing in their natural habitat,
yet from 1912 to 1937 they continued to produce typical
fronds. Then, in 1937, one clump presented me with
Seven excellent fronds of forma frondosa. This year this
clump had three fronds of frondosa. The other fronds
1n this clump were of the usual form.

122 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

I have lately had experience with Lycopodiums which
may be of interest. Most of my work among ferns 1s
confined to the ferns and fern allies in the vicinity of
Kutztown and Fleetwood, Berks Co., Pennsylvania; but
on October 30, 1938, I had occasion to make a trip to north-
eastern Carbon County, Pa., considerably farther north
than Berks County, and in a mountain ravine about two
miles west of Albrightsville I found large beds of Lyco-
podium annotinum L., with the fruiting cones fully dis-
charged. I never found this species in Berks County.

I found also Lycopodium obscurum dendroideum
(Michx.) D. C. Eaton in fruit, but each plant had only
one cone. I found a few stations for L. obscurum den-
droideum near Kutztown and Fleetwood, Berks Co., Pa-»
but could not find fruiting plants.

My especial find in this ravine, however, was Lycée
podium tristachyum Pursh (L. chamaecyparissus A. Br.,
L. complanatum chamaecyparissus (A. Br.) Clute). The
fruiting cones were dry and some more or less decrepit
and had evidently discharged their spores some weeks
previously, perhaps more than a month. Somewhere I
have read that the statement that L. tristachyum fruits
earlier than its near relative, L. flabelliforme (Fernald)
Blanchard, may require more investigation and the earlier
fruiting may be the result of difference in environment;
but not ten feet away from my stand of tristachyum was
a fine stand of L. flabelliforme with the spores not yet ripe.
This should be good proof of the difference in the time
of fruiting—C. L. Gruser, Fleetwood, Pennsylvania.

PTERIS MULTIFIDA IN WasHINGTON, D. C.—In the ane
mer of 1936 or 1937, for the purpose of filling temporatily
several vacant rocky spaces in my small fern garden that
are rather dry, I set out three or four plants of Pteris mul-
tifida (probably still better known to most of us by the

SuHortTer Notes 123

singularly appropriate name serrulata) and thereafter
gave them no attention during the summer, other than
an occasional watering. They were not of the befrizzled
varieties that are so dear to horticulturists and our British
brethren, but good healthy plants of the typical form of
the species. I had obtained them from a greenhouse of
the U. 8. Department of Agriculture, where they were
growing as volunteers under the benches devoted to
cactuses and Crassulaceae. They grew well and came
through the winter with only a handful of protective leafy
covering, and one of them is still flourishing, though the
conditions seem far from good.

That this tropical or subtropical fern is actually hardy
and self-perpetuating here is evident from my recent dis-
covery of a fine plant, growing naturally in the crevices
of a rough pebble-cement outer retaining-wall of a neigh-
bor’s yard 25 feet away, which evidently had developed
from a wind-blown spore of my plant. The wall has a
horthern exposure and is moderately damp. Its crevices
are ideal for spore germination and the development of
prothallia, but only the merest film of earth for the nur-
ture of the sporophyte is present in the interstices among
the cemented small pebbles. Nevertheless, the plant
(which appears to be two years old) has flourished amaz-
ingly this summer, with an occasional flooding of the up-
right wall by garden hose, and at present bears five
healthy, wholly or partially fertile fronds. The largest
. these is a foot long—Wm1am R. Maxon, Washington,

we U,

124 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Recent Fern Literature

It is not often that scientifie societies are mentioned
directly in textbooks, but in Dr. Benedict’s recent “‘ High
School Biology’’ we find our society appearing in print
(p. 52) as follows: ‘‘The American Fern Society is
largely composed of people who are engaged in other
occupations but who like to get into the woods, along
streams and cliffs, where ferns grow best. They often
exchange pressed specimens with each other, so that they
gradually acquire a collection of all the species in their
particular State, in the United States, or even in a wider»
field.’’ The statement is merely a fragment showing the
trend toward human interest in our recent textbooks.
Those who feel that they are not well grounded in such
questions as ‘‘ What is a species?’’ ‘‘ What is a genus?”
or in the general classification of the plant and the ani-
mal kingdoms, or on modern ideas on heredity, would do
well to read the chapters in which these problems are
discussed. Incidentally, there are a large number of
good fern illustrations with accompanying explanatory
texts—H. K. 8.

‘‘Horticulture”’ for May, 1939, also prints an account
of the Fern Society, part of an alluring article by Dr.
Benedict on ‘‘The Study of Ferns as a Hobby.

American Fern Society
Members are invited by Mr. Frank H. Sprague to visit
his fern garden, 416 Belmont St., Wollaston, Mass.
New members:
Helsell, Mrs. F. P., Hunts Point, Bellevue, Washington.
Houck, William G., Jr., 231 East 54th St., New York k City
MeArthur, Mrs. W. E, 3547 Richmond St., dike! Fla.

1 Benedict, R. C., Knox, W. W., and Stone, G. K. Macmillan,
1938.

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Vol, 29 October-December, 1939 -_ No.4

Amperiran Fern Jnurnal

A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO FERNS
Published by the
AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY
se
EDITORS
Cc. A. WEATHERBY
R. C. BENEDICT W. R. MAXON
ae
tag CONTENTS
Finding Ferns C. E. Warers 125 _

~~ A New Fern Hybrid... EB. Luey Braun 133
Some: Southeastern ae SS wom 8. ‘Comnaen. 135
=e

ee S. J. H. Pyron anp W. H. Duncan 142
: Occurrences of Ferns in Some Ohio Caves we on es

seas 3

Che American Hern HSaciety

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American Fern Journal

Vou. 29 OcTOBER—DECEMBER, 1939 No. 4

Finding Ferns
C. KE. WaTErRsS

About two years ago the Society unexpectedly and
graciously put me upon the shelf. Although this friendly
act is greatly appreciated, the shelf will not be entirely
comfortable without some sort of swan song. The first
impulse was to write something about forking fronds,
which was the subject of a short note in the second number
of the Linnaean Fern Bulletin, in 1893, and about which
many other members of the Society have published in that
Bulletin as well as in this Journal. The immediate im-
pulse came from seven fronds of Pellaea atropurpurea
taken from a single plant growing in a six-inch flowerpot
with two or three others. Back of that was the idea of
telling of some experiences in finding new ferns in terri-
tory that had apparently been well searched by ourselves
or by other botanists.

These plants of Pellaea came from a little steeply-slop-
ing bank, of much weathered, crumbling limestone, that
had been examined closely several times a year from 1891
to 1904, and much less often since then. A colony of
medium-sized plants was first seen on this bank in 1935,
when they were so small that they could not have been
more than two or three years old. If this colony of a
favorite fern had been there in the earlier period, it could
not possibly have been overlooked, because the little bank
was known almost to the point of acquaintance with the
individual plants growing on it.

[Volume 29, No. 3 of the JourNAL, pages 85-124, plates 8 and 9,
Was issued August 12, 1939.]

125

126 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

It is this kind of discovery that helps to keep our in-
terest active, unless we are satisfied with having once for
all identified a new fern and checked it off the list of spe-
cies to be looked for. Fortunately not many of our ferns
are aS common as yarrow or goldenrod or poison ivy.
Each new colony or even each single plant we come across
has the power to stir us, and the day is one to be marked
with a red letter. My days of botanizing within walking
distance of Baltimore began in the fall of 1890, when one
of the numerous Chapters of the Agassiz Association was
organized in our high school. As most of us know, this
Society began as the Linnaean Fern Chapter of the Asso-
ciation, The region had been well combed for flowering
plants, as well as ferns and their allies, by earlier botan-
ists, and in 1888 Basil Sollers published a ‘‘ Check List of
Plants Compiled for the Vicinity of Baltimore.’’ In this
list there are 41 ferns, including two varieties of Aspidium
spinulosum in addition to the typical form, and what are
now named Botrychium obliquum and its variety 4s-
sectum.t With appropriate symbols to distinguish them,
Sollers included the 26 species that were in Aikin’s ‘‘Cata-
logue’”’ of 1837, and with fine hopefulness added the 36
ferns in Ward’s ‘Guide to the Flora of Washington and
Vicinity,’’ 1881, with additions in 1884 and 1886. Up to
1888, Sollers had found only 26 species, but found others
afterwards.

Four of the ferns listed by Aikin were not reported
by later botanists: Asplenium Ruta-muraria, Aspidium
spnulosum dilatatum, Phegopteris polypodioides and
Cystopteris bulbifera. The present writer made a special
search for the Phegopteris over a period of several years,
without success. Ward reported Aspidium Filiz-mas,
clearly an impossibility. While looking over some of the

1 In this article the names in the seventh edition of Gray’s Manual
con used, because the majority of them are also used in the Cheek

Finpina Ferns 127

ferns in the herbarium of Capt. John Donnell Smith, a
specimen collected and so named by Ward was found.
It was a sterile frond of A. cristatum, which is now in
the United States National Herbarium. The remaining
30 species in Ward’s list were reported by later botanists.
With the Check List as an added incentive the writer
found all the ferns in it except Aikin’s four and Ward’s
Filiz-mas, and collected other species and varieties which
made his total 45. These were not all independent dis-
coveries, and a few of the varieties had not been named
when Sollers published his Check List. Asplenium Brad-
leyi, for instance, was found by J. H. Brummell, a florist
with a wide knowledge of flowering plants, but not de-
pendable in naming ferns. He called this one Woodsia
glabella. As it was, Bradleyi was not in the Check List,
and A. montanum, which grew in the same crevices, had
been reported only by Ward. Soa trip to see a fern that
could not have been there added two species to the local
list. Some years later Maxon was taken to this station.
He gave me my first lesson in collector’s ethics by asking
permission to collect specimens for the National Her-
arium.

Only Aikin and Sollers listed Woodsia ilvensis, and
Sollers was the only one who did not report Cheilanthes
lanosa, which leads to the perhaps unworthy suspicion
that he mistook one fern for the other. There are several
Stations for the Cheilanthes, but it would be a great sur-
prise to find the other species. My own first real chance
to misname a fern came with the finding of Aspidium
Spinulosum in 1891. It was bad enough to become con-
fused with those glands on the indusia—or were there any
glands ?—without having the botany say that the type is
rare in America. Fortunately I had no copy of the Check
List to consult, because neither Aikin nor Sollers had
found the type. No mere beginner had the right to make
Such a discovery, and my identification could not be right.

128 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

That first specimen, twelve years later, served me as an
illustration of the type form of the species,’ and is now
in the Society’s herbarium.

Later in the day, after finding the Aspidium spinu-
losum, I had my first sight of the little bank on which the
new colony of Pellaea was discovered in 1935. This is at
Loch Raven, a part of the Gunpowder Falls* that has been
dammed to form a lake for Baltimore’s water supply.
The Gunpowder, from the dam to a point more than six
miles above, came to be my favorite and best-studied
region, visited the year around. The erection of a much-
needed new dam raised the level of the water 45 or 50
feet, and covered most of the more interesting places. It
is hoped that the colony of Cheilanthes lanosa, first seen
in 1891, and the only plants of Selaginella rupestris,
which share the same little ledge, are still flourishing.
They are now inaccessible, partly because of greater strict-
ness about what visitors are allowed to do at Loch Raven,
lest the water be polluted. They can be reached by row
boat, but at least one visitor would no longer venture t0
borrow the official craft, as he did in the old days. :

My first real addition to the species in the Check List
was about a dozen plants of Onoclea Struthiopterts in @
Shady spot not many feet above the level of the Falls.
Some years later there came a greater surprise, when 4
flourishing patch of the ferns was found growing on the
grassy slope, in full sunlight, between the water and the
hedge which then grew beside the road along one side of
the lake. These two places are now covered with many
feet of water. Some years later more plants were found
near Alberton, on Patapsco Falls, and on the rocky bank

2 Ferns, p. 215.

In that part of Maryland a ‘‘falls’’ is a flowing stream of ¢OP”
siderable size, while a ‘‘river’’ is a tidal arm of Chesapeake Bay:
The Gunpowder River, about a mile wide where it is erossed bY the

Pennsylvania Railroad, is the ‘‘drowned’? valley of the lowet part
of Gunpowder Falls. : =

FInpING FERNS 129

a few feet above them was our second colony of Cheil-
anthes lanosa. The third and last station for this fern
was in a field covered with scattered boulders, in whose
deep crevices—on their south sides, of course—were many
flourishing plants. A photograph of one of these boulders
served me as an illustration to show how this attractive
fern grows.*

There is good excuse for a botanist who wanders once
over an area of a few acres and does not see all the species
growing there. It is rather disgraceful if he visits an
area no larger than a suburban lot, not once, but several
times, before he sees a large, characteristic fern. It was
not a single plant, but a few dozen plants in a clump,
Asplenium angustifolium, this time. A few years later,
when the banks of the Gunpowder were cleared of vege-
tation in preparation for the enlarged lake, the tops of
these ferns were mowed down, while other plants a foot
farther up the bank were not touched. This fern occurs
in scattered spots along Patapsco Falls, and there are
two or three huge beds of it beside a stream about twenty
miles from Baltimore.

The rising water of the enlarged jake drowned our only
plants of Lycopodium clavatum, barely half a dozen of
them sprawling over a steep rocky bank overgrown with
grass and other small plants. Not far away, at the foot
of a cut bank composed of loose pieces of quartz schist
mingled with rather sterile clay soil, was an unhappy
colony of Dicksonia punctilobula. Some of their fronds
were sent to B. D. Gilbert, because they were so freakish
and unusual in appearance. He insisted on calling them
forma nana.* In my opinion they hardly deserved a place
in a herbarium, and certainly not a name. Their death
under the rising waters is not regretted.

Tne

* Ferns, p. 101.

° B. D. Gilbert, Linn. Fern Bull., - 101 (1905); C. A. Weath-
erby, Amer, Fern. Journ., 26: 99 (19)

130 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Among the odds and ends added to the ferns in the
Check List was Phegopteris Dryopteris. A few plants
were found in poor soil within five or six feet of the rails
in a narrow railroad cut. During part of the afternoon
they baked in full sunshine. Yet they looked thrifty, and
they must have been there several years when found.
They lasted-two or three more years, when they were
probably destroyed by trackmen, who got to the cut at
last. No fast trains ran on this road.

The discovery of 25 or 30 plants of Botrychium ramosum
scattered around among bushes in the woods, extended the
range of this species from New Jersey to Maryland, but
was no more surprising than Egerton’s finding B. simp ! ~.
near Baltimore. His station was destroyed by trampling
cows, and B. ramosum was too near a rapidly growms
small town to have survived very long. :

Asplenium ebenoides is where you happen to find 1,
and only one plant was ever found, although its parents
grew together in many places. It was an addition to the
Check List. Some of the fronds of this plant bear a closé
resemblance to Miss Slosson’s hybrids.®

Ophioglossum vulgatum, reported only by Ward, was
found in four or five places. In this part of the eountry
it seems to avoid the sunny pastures and meadows which
are its favored home in the North. We find it in damp
soil in the woods. :

The Coastal Plain, to the south and east of Baltimore,
is geologically quite different from the Piedmont where
we have been walking—we never heard of hiking—@?
the two are botanically unlike in many respects. At one
place a small stream flowed along its level valley, perhaps
200 feet wide, and in this low, wet soil, rich in humus
several ferns were abundant. The one that first attracted
our attention was Woodwardia areolata in great beds.
many spots it could not be avoided, and we walked through
6 Ferns, pp. 134 and 136,

FINDING FERNS 131

it as if it were so much grass. Late in summer a little
searching would disclose-many fronds intermediate in
form, color of stipe, and height between the normal sterile
and fertile fronds. Most of these intermediate forms
were sterile, but a few had some sori, or only indusia with
aborted sporangia under them. A flourishing colony was
afterwards found on the Piedmont, in a wet spot in the
woods near the top of a ridge, at an elevation of about
500 feet. The plants on the Coastal Plain were about 30
feet above tidewater.

The Check List shows that only Ward had reported the
two Woodwardias, but Sollers found W. virginica later,
because he told me about a station four miles from the
little stream. The plants, some of them four feet tall,
were in a wet, sunny place close by a railroad track.
After collecting specimens we went to the little stream,
and almost the first fern noticed was Woodwardia vir-
ginica, growing plentifully among Osmunda cinnamomea.
The two species look somewhat alike, but it seems inex-
cusable that the Woodwardia should have been overlooked
for several years.

The first addition to the Check List from this area was
a plant of Aspidium Boottii in the midst of the thicket.
The plant, which had about a dozen crowns, had appar-
ently developed these by repeated branching of the
rhizome. The whole plant would have filled a 12-inch
flowerpot. A small plant was found two miles away, and
still later, one was seen twenty miles away on the Pied-
mont, growing in the midst of the miscellany to be found
on a wet sunny roadside. Aspidium cristatum and A.
Spinulosum were not scarce by the little stream, but they
Were not seen at the other two stations.

Scattered in big beds along the little stream was a fern
that had always been looked at casually, and taken for
sranted as Aspidium noveboracense. In October, 1894,
@ beginner in botany asked me the name of this fern. and

By AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

after veering back and forth I had to confess ignorance,
because it was not a good A. noveboracense, nor could it
be A. Thelypteris. .Fortunately a few fronds were col-
lected, because in December a description of A. simulatum
was published, by George E. Davenport. He had been
observing it for a number of years, and I have always
been glad that I did not forestall him by publishing a note
on the puzzling fern, or possibly a name for it.

While wandering around in this little fern garden, late
in the summer of 1901, my attention was caught by nu-
merous fronds of Osmunda cinnamomea that seemed to
be badly infected with some rusty-looking fungus. It
turned out to be f. glandulosa, my only real discovery.
Many of the fronds of this Coastal Plain form are 80
thickly covered with glandular hairs that they adhere
to the driers when they are pressed.

If it was fun to find ferns to be identified, it was excite-
ment to open a book and to find in it new names for ol
ferns. My botanizing began in 1888, with the fifth edi-
tion of Gray’s Manual. In this the ostrich fern was
Struthiopteris Germanica. The sixth (1889) edition calls
it Onoclea Struthiopteris. Although it is so different
appearance from O. sensibilis, even a beginner with some
imagination can see a reason for putting these species 12
the same genus. In the sixth (1901) edition of Our
Native Ferns and their Allies, Underwood called our fern
Matteuccia struthiopteris. This seemed very advanced,
for here was an unheard-of genus, and the specific name
started with a small ‘‘s.’’ Britton, in the first (1901)
edition of his Manual followed the lead of his associate,
and used the same name, except for a capital “8.
Finally, unless somebody digs up another oldest names
we are all expected to follow the Flora of the District
of Columbia (1919), which inflicted Pteretis nodulos@
upon us.

Wasuineton, D. C.

New FEernN Hysrip 133

A New Fern Hybrid—
Asplenium cryptolepis < Camptosorus pinned deur

E. Lucy Braun

In October, 1937, when visiting one of the familiar
stations for Asplenium cryptolepis Fernald in Adams
County, Ohio, one plant of a remarkable fern, a hybrid
between Camptosorus rhizophyllus (.) Link and Asple-
nium cryptolepis Fernald, was found. The more or less
rosette habit and the leaf texture at once suggested
Camptosorus, one of the two ferns growing on the mossy
dolomite rock on a steep north-facing slope or cliff. The
cut leaves and marginal teeth suggested Asplenium
cryptolepis, abundant on this rock, but not present else-
where in a radius of several miles. Closer examination
shows that this plant shares about equally the characters
of the two parents. The specimen has been examined by
C. A. Weatherby and William R. Maxon, who agree as to
the hybrid nature of this fern. Some of the characters
mentioned below were pointed out by them, to whom I
am indebted for careful examination of the plant.

Asplenium cryptolepist x Camptosorus rhizophyllus has
fronds subcoriaceous, 3 to 8.5 em. long, including stipe,
deltoid in outline, the older or spore-bearing gradually
tapering to an acuminate apex. Fronds pinnatifid to
once pinnate at the base, the pinnae alternate to sub-
opposite, sub-rhombic in outline and abruptly contracted
"2 Asplenium um cryptolepis x Camptosorus rhizophyllus, hybr. nov.
Frondes subcoriaceae, 3-8.5 em. altae. Laminae deltoideae basi
pinnatifidae vel pinnatae, tune res vel soriferae ad apicem
acuminatum gradatim atten . Pinnae alternae vel —
Sitae subrhombeae, in petiolulum brevem abrupte angustatae, in
ciso-dentatae fere ut in Asplenio cryptolepide, pagina su periore

glandulosae, Sori irregulariter positi, sporangiis minus evolutis,
Sporis abortivis—Ad rupem ealeareum prope lacum Beaver Pond
vocatum in comitato Adams, Ohio.

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VoLUME 29, PLATE 10

So ————

HYBRID BETWEEN ASPLENIUM CRYPTOLEPIS AND CAMPTOSORUS
RHIZOPHYLLUS. PHOTO BY COURTESY OF WILLIAM R. MAXON:

SOUTHEASTERN FERN NoTEs 135

to short stalks. Margins incised-toothed, closely similar
to A. cryptolepis. Veins mostly free as in Asplenium,
occasionally anastomosing. At the tips of a few veins
are faint indications of hydathodes on the upper leaf
surface, suggesting the hydathodes of Camptosorus.
Scattered short whitish hairs on the upper surface resem-
ble those of A. eryptolepis. Under surface with a few
clavate, gland-tipped hairs similar to those of Campto-
sorus. Sori irregularly scattered, elongate, as much as
7mm. long; indusium fringed as in A. cryptolepis. Spo-
rangia poorly developed, spores abortive. Stipe brown
at base, otherwise green, and bearing near base a few
harrow dark brown scales. Rhizome between the leaf
bases with abundant narrow long-acuminate brownish-
black scales.

n a mossy north-facing dolomite cliff in company
with Camptosorus and Asplenium cryptolepis. Locality :
near Beaver Pond, Adams County, Ohio.

Universiry oF CINCINNATI, CINCINNATI, OHIO.

Some Southeastern Fern Notes*
DoNovAN S. CorRELL

Round Top Mountain, one of the higher outlying
mountains of the Southern Appalachian Range in Pick-
ens County, South Carolina, is located a few miles south
of Sassafras Mountain, the highest peak in the state. On
August 24, 1936, I visited this peak and botanized on its
western slope and summit, looking primarily for orchids.

he mountain proved to be not only interesting in regard
to orchids but also rich in ferns. The following species

*In citing material in this paper, my collection number under
which the specimens are distributed follows the name of the plant
°r, in some cases, the name of the county in which the specimen
Was collected. A specimen of each collection is deposited in the

€ University Herbarium and, in many instances, in the Gray
Herbarium and National Herbarium.

136 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

of ferns and fern allies were collected: Adiantum pe-
datum Li. (6726); Asplenium montanum Willd. (6709) ;
A. platyneuron (.) Oakes (6698); A. Trichomanes L.
(6696) ; Athyrium asplenioides (Michx.) Desv. (6719) ;
A. thelypteroides (Michx.) Desv. (6720); Botrychiwm
dissectum var. obliquum (Muhl.) Clute (6685) ; B. vir-
ginianum (L.) Sw. (6684); Dennstaedtia punctilobula |
(Michx.) Moore (6722); Dryopteris hexagonoptera
(Michx.) C. Chr. (6695); D. marginalis (.) A. Gray
(6725) ; D. noveboracensis (.) A. Gray (6718) ; Lyco-
podium lucidulum Michx. (6689); Osmunda cinnamo-
mea Li. (6692); Polypodium virginianum lL. (6690) ;
Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott (6691); P.
acrostichoides forma incisum (A. Gray) Gilbert (6723) ;
Pteridium latiusculum (Desy.) Hieron. (6707); and
Selaginella tortipila A. Br. (6711).

Additional collections which I have made during vari-
ous trips into South Carolina are as follows: Anchistea
virginica (L.) Presl: Horry Co. (5216). Asplenium
platyneuron: Georgetown Co. (5288). Athyrium asple-
nioides: Dorchester Co. (5381) ; Georgetown Co. (5291).
Botrychium dissectum var. obliquum: Oconee Co. (8089).
Isoetes Engelmanni A. Br.: Dorchester Co. (5367):
Lorinseria areolata (L.) Presi: Horry Co. (5220). Lycee
podium adpressum (Chapm.) Lloyd and Underw.:
Charleston Co. (5396). L. alopecuroides L.: Georgetow?
Co. (282). L. carolinianum L.: Georgetown Co. (285)-
L. prostratum Harper: Charleston Co. (5395). Lyg
dium japonicum (Thunb.) Sw.: Dorchester Co. (5356).
Onoclea sensibilis L.: Georgetown Co. (5289). Osmunda
regalis L.: Horry Co. (5240). Polypodiwm polypodt-
oides (L.) Watt: Horry Co. (5245). Pteris multifida
Poir.: Charleston Co. (280). Selaginella apoda (L.)
Fernald: Oconee Co. (8066).

The above records include 30 species, one variety, and

SOUTHEASTERN F'ERN NOTES 17

one form. This does not show, by any means, the true
Status of the pteridophyte flora of South Carolina.
These citations are given as additional distribution data
for the state. I might add, in passing, that I have seen
some H. W. Ravenel specimens in the Brown University
Herbarium of Azolla caroliniana Willd., Asplenium
heterochroum Kunze, and Dryopteris celsa (W. Palmer)
Knowlton, Palmer, and Pollard, from Santee Canal (Ber-
keley Co.), South Carolina. The last-named plant, previ-
ously unreported from South Carolina, was 10.5 dm. tall.
There is also a specimen of Psilotum nudum (L.) Griseb.
from Beaufort County, South Carolina, in the Brown
Herbarium.

In 1929, W. A. Anderson (Ferns of Tennessee, p. 23)
wrote: ‘‘The pinnatifid spleenwort [Asplenium pinnati-
fidum Nutt.] is a very rare fern. It was found in 1880
at Lookout Mountain [Marion Co.] by Gattinger and
has not been reported as growing elsewhere in Tennes-
Ssee.’’ Later, 1931, Anderson (Am. Fern Journ. 21:
14) cited collections from three additional counties in
Tennessee (Hamilton, Fentress, and Scott counties).

While collecting in Tennessee during September, 1937,
my wife and I stopped along Piney Creek, which forms
the boundary of Roane and Cumberland counties, for a
short exploration of the peculiar rock formations which
underlie the stream-bed and form ledges along its banks.
On the Roane County side of the stream a short distance
West of Rockwood and a few hundred feet away from the
Stream, we came upon some sandstone ledges in a rather
dry pine-hardwood forest. Growing with a great many
juvenile plants in sheltered crevices under the ledges
were some mature plants of Asplenium pinnatifidum
(8121). This new station for the species in Tennessee is
located on the Cumberland Plateau about halfway be-
tween Marion and Hamilton counties (on the southern
boundary of Tennessee) and Fentress and Scott coun-

138 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

ties (on the northern boundary of Tennessee), thus pro-
viding a connecting link along the Plateau between these
counties in the range of this species in Tennessee.

Exploring further along Piney Creek, we observed
Lygodium palmatum (Bernh.) Sw. (8120) climbing in
profusion over the thickets bordering the stream, and
Lycopodium obscurum L. (8130) was commonly found
in the cushions formed by fallen leaves and peat moss
under the thickets. Large clumps of Aspleniwm platy-
neuron (8125) were found in rather dry soil on the edge
of dense woods nearby and Selaginella apoda (8140)
grew sparingly in mud on the edge of the water. Poly-
podium virginianum (8122) was also seen growing abun-
dantly on rotten logs and soil-covered rocks. Directly
across the stream, in Cumberland County, Aspleniwm
resiliens Kunze (8150) and A. montanum (8151) were
found in the crevices of rock ledges, and Selaginella
apoda (8155) grew in a mat on mud under a drip-ro¢
ledge.

Continuing on a few miles west, we found some fine
specimens of Diplazium angustifolium (Michx.) Butters
(8161) in a deep, moist, wooded ravine near Double
Springs, Putnam County. Other ferns collected during
this trip in Tennessee were Botrychium dissectum var-
obliquum (8110) in Loudon County, B. virginianum
(8200) in McNairy County, Cystopteris fragilis (L-)
Bernh. in Montgomery (8162A) and Obion (8163) coun-
ties, and Woodsia obtusa (Spreng.) Torr. (8179) 17
Gibson County.

Mississippi, next to Louisiana, is one of our least
known Southern States from a floristic standpoint. Ths
may be easily understood when one considers the diffi-
culty and inconvenience of getting about in the state.
In 1836, Rafinesque (New Flora of North America, p- 11)
said that he had not been able to explore the Souther?
States because he had been ‘‘deterred by the bad roads,

SOUTHEASTERN FERN NOTES 139

unhealthy climate, scanty fare, heavy expenses and state
of society,’’ and ‘‘A pedestrian botanist is not always
very welcome there.’’ Of course, many of the difficulties
which Rafinesque had to face more than 100 years ago
do not exist today. However, ‘‘bad roads’’ do still exist
in many parts of the South and they are, indeed, barriers
to either a pedestrian or a motoring botanist! Of this,
we feel well qualified to speak!

In 1937 we cut across the northeastern corner of Mis-
sissippi and plowed through mud from Corinth to Iuka
in Aleorn and Tishomingo counties, respectively. Only
a brief stop was made in each of these counties. Our
first stop was one mile north of Strickland in Alcorn
County. The country in this region is rolling, with
many heavily-wooded ravines and seepage slopes, inter-
spersed with dry, upland pinewoods. <A hurried survey
was made of the vegetation of a typical landscape which
resulted in the collection of the following pteridophytes :
Adiantum pedatum (8220); Athyrium asplenioides
(8232) ; Botrychium dissectum var. obliquum (8226) ;
Dryopteris hexagonoptera (8233); D. noveboracensis
(8224); Lorinseria areolata (8241); Osmunda cin-
namomea (8237); O. regalis (8240); Polystichum
acrostichoides (8243); and Pteridium latiusculum var.
pseudocaudatum (Clute) Maxon (8228). The stop in
Tishomingo County netted only Botrychiwm dissectum
var. obliquum (8251) and Asplenium platyneuron (8252).
Later in the summer, while passing through Jackson
County in southern Mississippi, a stop was made on the
Savannahs near Orange Grove, where Lycopodium alo-
pecuroides (8512) and L. carolinianum (8511) were col-
lected. Additional collections which we have made in
Mississippi are: Dryopteris normalis C. Chr. (10550)
in Lincoln County, Lycopodium alopecuroides (9095) in
Hancock County, and Onoclea sensibilis (10549) in Lin-
coln County

140 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

The first stop made in Alabama after leaving Iuka,
Mississippi, was along a small tributary of the Tennessee
River just east of Pride in Colbert County. Limestone
bluffs lined the east bank of this stream upon which grew
colonies of Asplenium resiliens (8254), Cheilanthes ala-
bamensis (Buckl.) Kunze (8255), and Pellaea atropur-
purea (L.) Link (8253). Later, a short stop was made
near Muscle Shoals, also in Colbert County, where Cysto-
pteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. (8256) and Woodsia obtusa
(8257) were found growing together in shallow soil on
rocks in a little wooded ravine. Two stops were also
made in Morgan County, in the north-central section of
Alabama. The first was in a pine-hardwood forest, in
which were many exposed limestone rocks, about two
miles north of Hartselle. Besides finding Asplenium
resiliens (8267) and Pellaea atropurpurea (8266), we
also found Botrychium virginianum (8269) and Asple-
nium platyneuron (8265). Further south, along Flat
Creek, about one-half mile south of Lacon, Asplenium
pinnatifidum (8277) and A. Trichomanes (8279) were
found growing out of crevices in sandstone ledges above
a small waterfall. The latter formed the finest colony of
this species I have ever seen.

Additional collections which we have made at various
times in Alabama are: Asplenium platyneuron: Lee Co.
(6541) ; Macon Co. (8553). Athyrium asplenioides: Lee
Co. (6553). Botrychium dissectum var. obliquum: Lee
Co. (6558). Botrychium dissectum var. tenwifoliwm
(Underw.) Farwell: Butler Co. (8543); Perry Co.
(10557) ; Tuscaloosa Co. (8299). Lorinseria areolata:
Lee Co. (6549). Lycopodium alopecuroides: Cunecuh
Co. (8538). L. prostratum: Baldwin Co. (9085). 0n0-
clea sensibilis: Lee Co. (6539). Pellaea atropurpured:
Blount Co. (8284). Polypodium polypodioides: Lee Co.
(6552). Polystichum aerostichoides: Lee Co. (6999).
Pteridium latiusculum var. pseudocaudatum: Chambers

SOUTHEASTERN F'erN NOTES 141

Co. (6562). Selaginella apoda: Saint Clair Co. (8306)
(8324). Woodsia obtusa: Blount Co. (8283) ; Macon Co.
(8551).

The climax to our fern collecting in Alabama during
1937 was the finding of Trichomanes Petersii A. Gray
(8340) about two miles west of Heflin in Cleburne
County—a new station for this species in Alabama. The
plants, which formed a mat over the surface of some
large, moistened sandstone boulders, were found along a
small stream in the spray of a small waterfall situated
above a much higher waterfall located a few feet down
stream. The surrounding country was rugged and steep,
being covered with a dense hardwood forest. The plants,
together with Asplenium Trichomanes (8351), grew in
the dense shade of some of these trees. J'richomanes
Petersii has previously been found in Alabama in Marion,
Winston, Marshall, and Etowah counties (Am. FERN
Journ. 10:78). The finding of the species in Cleburne
County, next to the Georgia line, forms, with the above-
mentioned counties, an irregular line of distribution across
the north-central section of the state.

Trichomanes Petersii, contrary to the belief of T. M.
Peters, who first discovered it in Winston (Hancock)
County, Alabama in 1872, is evidently not particularly
rare. However, because of its small size the plant may
be easily overlooked. The recent discovery of this spe-
cies in Pickens County, South Carolina (Science 88:
402), leaves North Carolina as the only southeastern
State in which the species has not been found.* I have
listed below, excluding those already mentioned, the sta-
tions, so far as I know, where 7’. Petersii is found in the
Southeast: FLorma: Hernando Co., ‘‘On limestone boul-
——_—

Since this was written, I have seen in the Duke Herbarium a
Specimen of T. Petersii from North Carolina which was collected by
A. R. Shields (4642) on the margin of Lake Calderwood in Graham
County, Feb. 19, 1939.

—_

142 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

ders in rather dry hammock, Annuttalagga, near Brooks-
ville. March 8, 1936. E. P. St. John.’’ GrorGIA:
Walker Co., ‘‘2.5 miles northwest of Lafayette, April 24,
1938, Pyron and MeVaugh +#2751’’ (also from Dade
County and Tallulah Falls). Lovistana: St. Tammany
Parish, ‘‘On magnolias, vicinity of Covington, Sulphur
Springs, March 15, 1924, Bro. G. Arséne #14764.”
Mississipp1: Simpson Co., ‘Saratoga, Nov. 6, 1902, S. M.
Tracy +8303.’? TENNESSEE: Blount Co., ‘‘near Tre-
mont; Sharp, Jennison, and Bishop, April 12, 1931.”’
BorTanicaAL MuseuM, Harvarp UNIVERSITY

Vittaria lineata from Lincoln County, Georgia
JosEPH H, Pyron anp Winpur H. DuNncAN

- While on a general collecting trip at Graves Mountain,
in Lincoln County, Georgia, on October 16, 1938, the
writers found two rather depauperate plants of Vittaria
lineata (L.) J. E. Smith. They were growing in an
exceedingly dry location near the summit of a rock cliff
on the south side of the mountain. An intensive search
of the other crags of the peak failed to reveal additional
specimens. On the trail down the mountain, however,
another colony was discovered some fifty or sixty feet
directly below the first station. The second colony com-
prised some twenty or thirty plants which were more
vigorous and better developed than the plants at the
summit. They grew in a shaded situation between two
large crags, and without exception the plants were
anchored in small holes eroded in the vertical face of the
rock. In order to preserve the colony, only eight spec
mens were collected. Most of these were in good fruiting
condition,

The writers again visited the mountain three weeks
later to make a more thorough search for Vittaria on the

VITTARIA LINEATA FROM GEORGIA 143

steep crags on the northwest and southeast sides. Only’
two sterile plants were located. These were found on the
southeast side less than a quarter of a mile from the first
colony.

Graves Mountain, which is about forty miles north-
west of Augusta, has long been of interest to geologists
for its varied mineral specimens. It is conspicuous for
miles as it rises about four hundred feet above the sur-
rounding country. It is less than half a mile wide and
about a mile long from northeast to southwest. The sum-
mit is 901 feet above sea level. The south side and parts
of the east and west sides are almost vertical. According
to Johnston (2) the rock is mainly quartzite with kya-
nite, lazulite, and pyrite mostly altered to haematite on
the exposed surfaces, as lesser constituents. Lichens are
abundant on the rocks and a few mosses occur in more
protected places.

Vittaria lineata has not been previously recorded north
of Duval County, Florida (Vail’s collection (1) in N. Y.
Bot. Garden Herbarium). The station recorded in the
present paper is in the Piedmont of Georgia, which is 250
or more miles north of Vail’s station. This is a remarka-
ble extension of range of a fern heretofore thought to be
restricted to tropical or subtropical regions. This range
extension, the habitat, and habit suggested the possibility
of a new species. The plants were growing in a pecu-
liarly xeric situation as compared with the moist epi-
phytic habitat on the trunks of cabbage palm or palmetto
Where it usually occurs in Florida. The elevation of 900
feet at which the fern occurs at Graves Mountain as com-
pared with the ‘‘usually not more than a few feet above
Sea level’? as described by Small (3) seems significant.
As to the plants themselves, the fronds are in no case as
long as 20 em., in contrast to the generally much longer
fronds of Florida specimens. Serial sections of the rhi-
zome and frond were studied and spores were measured

144 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

and compared with herbarium material. Having gained
some idea of the variation in the species from correspon-
dence with Dr. W. R. Maxon, and from study of a series
of West Indian specimens selected by him from the
National Herbarium, the writers are now convinced that
the plants in question are Vittaria lineata (L.) J. E.
Smith. |
Several other ferns have been collected at Graves
Mountain, including: Asplenium Bradleyi D. C. Eaton,
Asplenium montanum Willd., Asplenium platyneuron
(L.) Oakes, Cheilanthes tomentosa Link, Lorinseria areo-
lata (L.) Presl, Polypodium polypodioides (.) Watt,
Pteridium latiusculum (Desv.) Hieron.
1. Correll, D. S. 1938. A County Check List of Florida Ferns
and Fern Allies. Am. Fern Jour. 28: : bas
2. Johnston, W. D. 1935. Kyanite at Graves Mountain. Geol.
Survey of Ga. Bull. 46: 26-30. :
3. Small, J. K. 1938. Ferns of the Southeastern States. Seience
Press, Lancaster, Pa.
DEPARTMENT OF Botany, UNIVERSITY OF
GroreIA, ATHENS, GEORGIA

A Note on the Occurrence of Ferns in Some
hio Caves
Wo. Bripce CooKE

Occurrence of plant life in caves is rarely if ever met
tioned in recent literature on natural history of caves
The following notes were made during a period of sev-
eral years beginning in June, 1932. At that time the
writer was an undergraduate at the University of On
cinnati. From June, 1932, to June, 1934, he visited
‘The Seven Caves”? at intervals of a week to one month,
averaging a visit a month. The primary interest oD
these trips was the collection of fungi and the listing of

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VOLUME 29, PLATE 11

Photograph by W. H. Duncan.
VITTARIA AT GRAVES MOUNTAIN, GEORGIA.
natural size.

146 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

observed plants. The fern prothallia to be discussed
were noticed accidentally both by the owner of the hun-
dred acre park and the writer in July, 1932.

The Seven Caves are located in eastern Highland
County in southwestern Ohio in a privately owned reser-
vation to which an admission fee is charged. They are
fully described by White.1 In order better to exploit the
caverns themselves, especially for Sunday tourists, the
management has put board walks and electric lights in
all accessible passages. The electricity is generated on
the place and is carried to 25-watt bulbs through 32-volt
lines. Lights were first installed in the Cave of the
Spring, the longest passage, in July, 1928. They were
installed in Bear Cave in May, 1929, and in the other caves
between 1929 and 1932. Green plants growing near the
electric lights were first seen by the writer in the Cave
of the Spring on July 31, 1932, while taking a party
through the park. On the following day the manager
found another green patch in Bear Cave. The position
of the lights was changed in the Cave of the Spring in
September, 1932. This caused the eventual death of the
colony seen there. The lights were changed in Bear Cave
in the spring of 1935, thus effectively destroying the
colony seen there. Additional colonies of green growth
have been noted (1932) in McKimie Cave and Phantom
‘Cave. Additional colonies may have developed in
advantageous locations since the caves were last visited.

The green growth found in the vicinity of the light
bulbs includes three types. In places, particularly

1 White, George W. The Limestone Caves and Caverns of Ohio.
Ohio Journal of Science 26: 73-116. 1926. 17 maps. Names -
the caves differ in Mr. White’s article. The present management
refers to the ‘‘Rocky Fork Caves’? on his property as ‘‘The Seve?
Caves’’; ‘* Wet’? Cave is now ‘‘Cave of the Spring’’; and Ba
cent’’ Cave is now ‘‘MecKimie’’ Cave.

Ferns IN Onto CAvEs oan 1 |

where the rocks are dry a portion of the year, there is an
undetermined green one-celled alga which produces what
is popularly known as ‘‘green marble.’’ In most of the
places, however, the rocks are continually moistened
through seepage and condensation and here are green
patches made up mainly of moss protonema. Mature
moss gametophytes or even their beginnings have not
been found. The most interesting growths found were
fern prothallia. These were found in one place in the
Bear Cave, near two lights in the Cave of the Spring, in
one place in McKimie Cave, and in one place in Phantom
Cave. The colony in the Bear Cave was observed for the
longest period since it was the least disturbed. These
prothallia, which grew on perpendicular rocks, assumed
larger size than similar ones in crevices in the rocks out-
Side in the gorges. The single ones measured from 4 to 4
inch cross, while several grew in clusters which gave the
impression of a single prothallus of between 3 and 14
inches in diameter. Occasionally one of these would pro-
duce a leaf, especially during the summer when light was
available for longer periods. These leaves (some half
dozen were produced) had stems 2-3 inches long and
blades 14 inches long before they died. None produced
Spores. Because of the resemblance of the leaves and
prothallia to the park’s commonest fern (21 species of
ferns and fern allies were seen in the park), and because
more of its spores could be distributed, it was assumed
i these were prothallia of Cystopteris bulbifera (L.)
ernh.

The conditions of growth are of interest. Between
October 1 and April 1 the lights are never used. Be-
tween May 30 and September 10 the lights are used ap-
proximately 10-12 hours per day. Between April 1 and
May 30, and between September 10 and October 1, the
lights are used intermittently depending on repair work

148 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

on the trails and lighting system in the caves, and de-
pending on the amount of business, mostly week-end,
available. Thus the lights are on a possible 1900 out of
8760 hours per year. The temperature, taken by expos-
ing a Fahrenheit thermometer to the conditions tested,
varied considerably as follows: Cave of the Spring—
atmosphere of passage 58 degrees, temperature of the
rock surface 53 degrees, and temperature of the region
within 3 inches of the light bulb 62 degrees; Bear Cave—
atmosphere of passage 62 degrees, temperature of the
rocks 53 degrees, and of the region within 3 inches of the
light bulb 66 degrees. Differences in temperature be-
tween the two caves are accounted for by the fact that
the tested passage in Bear Cave is only 100 feet from the
entrance, whereas that in the Cave of the Spring is nearly
500 feet from the entrance. Temperatures are rather
stable in the caves during the winter. They were not
tested, but observation by experience in January and
February showed the inside of the caves warmer than
outside. Match-light and flash-light observations made
during the winter showed that the prothallia remained
green throughout the winter and no evidence was found
to prove that the prothallia observed in the summers of
1933 and 1934 and the spring of 1935 were not the same
as those seen in 1932, Neither did the size of the colonies
appear to increase. The colonies developed only where
light bulbs were placed close to a continually moistened
wall. The radius of the largest colony was not more
than six inches and this may have been limited by either
temperature or light relationships or both.

It should be emphasized that such phenomena exist
only after the interference of man in a natural region.

Foster, WARREN Co., OHIO

REcENT FERN LITERATURE 149

Recent Fern Literature

Mrs. Elsie McElroy Slater has published, in a well-
printed little pamphlet, an account of the environs of
El Paso, Texas, as seen by the eye of an amateur natura-
list (and, one suspects, an artist and a maker of verse
also) and in particular of thirteen of the commoner and
more typical ferns which grow there. As would be ex-
pected in that place, they are all the small, rock-loving
species characteristic of the arid regions of southwestern
Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and northern Mexico. Each
is given an informal and picturesque description, often
containing some detail, such as the color of fresh fronds,
not to be found in the usual books; various bits of infor-
mation and comment; and an illustration. These last are
mere sketches reproduced on rough-surfaced book-paper
and show little more than outlines; but, with the excep-
tion of that of Notholaena sinuata, which is too much
conventionalized, they catch the characteristic attitudes
of the species concerned.

One bit of information is interesting. The waxy cover-
ing of Notholaena Standleyi is spoken of as ‘‘bone
white.’’ In practically all herbarium specimens it is a
rather pale but quite distinct yellow. The author so
obviously looks at color with the discriminating eye of an
artist that one is not inclined to question her observation ;
one who, like the present writer, has never seen the fern
in life wonders whether the yellow is a post-mortem
feature, or the El Paso plant a local form.

The little book is very agreeably written, sometimes
fanciful, sometimes poetic, always in unhackneyed
phrase, and withal essentially accurate and embodying
original observation. It is an attractive introduction to
fern-hunting about El Paso.’

Ce

1 Slater, Elsie McElroy. Thirteen ferns of the Mexican border
at El Paso. 5 pp., paper. Published by the author, El Paso,
Texas. 75¢.

150 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

The number of ferns which can be propagated vegeta-
tively is small. It is therefore of interest to learn that
Marattias will develop buds from the stipules or bases
left on the plant after the leaves have fallen. They are
removed from the rhizome and placed on some rooting
material (refuse cocoanut fibre was used in the experi-
ments described). The severed ends should not be in
direct contact with the rooting medium; otherwise, they
soon decay. With this precaution, the leaf-bases will
continue to produce buds until the food material in them
is exhausted.

For a long time Dr. Christensen has maintained that
the groups which he treated as subgenera in his mono-
graph of Dryopteris are really good genera. But he did
not take them up as such until 1938, in the Manual of
Pteridology, and then only in brief and summarized
form. Dr. Ching, in a series of articles extending over
several years and particularly in volumes 6 and 8 of the
Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Peiping, has
made what is probably the first attempt to apply the
new system to a considerable number of species. Some
of his conclusions have been commented on before in
the Fern Journal.’ In this final installment he finds it
necessary to add a few new genera to Christensen’s list;
the total number carved out of Dryopteris of the Index
Filicum has now reached twenty, divided into two tribes,”
for Asia alone.

The species considered are, of course, Asiatie; but
several of the genera are also American, and students
here may learn, from a perusal of Dr. Ching’s intro
ductory discussions, much about the characters of the

1Kemp, E. E. An unusual method of Megpores pepe *

Marattiaceae. Gardeners’ Chronicle, ser. 3, 7, figs. 22, =
(1939.)

1 FERN JOURNAL 24: 17; 25: 14, 135; 26: 70, 103.
2 Dr. Ching mistakenly calls them subfamilies.

RECENT FerN LITERATURE 151

groups concerned and the methods and bases of the new
classification which has grown out of the researches of
Goebel, Bower and their fellow morphologists and phylo-
genists. One can readily imagine Hooker and Mettenius,
who believed that only the reproductive organs could
furnish reliable generic characters, writhing in their
graves at some of those which Dr. Ching uses. But, in
practical taxonomy, handsome is as handsome does; if
two or more characters hold together through a long
series of species, they are good group-characters, however
trivial in themselves. Some of Dr. Ching’s are not so
handsome as he supposes, perhaps from lack of detailed
knowledge of American species, perhaps from isolation
due to the ‘‘undeclared,’’ but very real, war in China.
For instance, in the cooora penn species of true Dryop-
teris the basal pinnae are not ‘‘always . .. much the
largest and deltoid, ie. the poner basal pinnule
greatly basicopically lengthened out’’—witness our D.
intermedia and a half-dozen Mexican species. And if
D. dentata and D. gongylodes are ‘“‘uniform . . . in leaf
texture’’? I do not know what that phrase means. But
there can be no question that the observation and trained
judgment in such work as this of Drs. Christensen and
Ching has added immensely to our knowledge of the
characters of the groups involved and of their real
relationships.

here remains the question of how to label the pre-
Sumably natural groups defined—genera, subgenera, or
what? Probably only time and the gradual erystalliza-
tion of judgment will produce unanimity. For the pres-
ent we shall have to decide, as best we may, whether to
call all our shield-ferns Dryopteris with Dr. Maxon; or
Dryopteris, Ctenitis (D.- submarginalis), Thelypteris,
Gymnocarpium (D. Linnaeana), Cyclosorus (D. dentata),
Goniopteris (D. reptans), and Meniscium (D. reticulata)
With Drs. Christensen and Ching.

152 AMERICAN F'ERN JOURNAL

Incidentally, Dr. Ching, full of faith in his classifica-
tion, is inclined to be severe on the ‘‘unnatural’’ action
of those Americans who took up Thelypteris in place of
Dryopteris in the broad sense. This is ancient history
now, since Dryopteris is proposed for conservation and
has received a unanimously favorable vote in committee.
But it may be worth mentioning that when we used
Thelypteris, we were, in taxonomy, merely following
Christensen, who was then treating the whole series as
a single genus. If the monographer of the group and a
leading authority on ferns in general had too little confi-
dence in his own segregations definitely to adopt them,
certainly no one else was called upon to do so or, without
special study, ought to do so.2. Nomenclaturally, so long
as the group was kept intact, we were not only perfectly
correct in accepting Thelypteris, the earliest valid name
for any part of it, for the whole, but were forced to do
so by the rules. And it ought not to be forgotten that,
for name-tinkers, we exercised a truly magnificent self-
restraint. There was a gorgeous opportunity to turn out
new combinations by the page after the manner of Otto
Kuntze; we—even Dr. Nieuwland, who rather enjoy ed
upsetting nomenclature—made only such as were directly
needed in our work. We deserve a bit of credit for
that !*—C. A.W.

* Lest this be taken as a slur on Dr. Christensen I hasten to ate
that his reason for not taking them up was of the best—he felt
that the Oriental species were then not sufficiently known to pe
final judgment on the genera.

* Ching, R. C. A revision of the Chinese and Sikkim-Himalaya®
Dryopteris with reference to some species from neighboring regions
Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Bot. 6: 237-348 (1936) ; 8: 157-263, see
331, 363-507 (1938).

SHORTER NOTES 153

Shorter Notes

FerNs anp Saut Water.—My house and fern garden
were flooded by a tidal wave during the hurricane of
September, 1938. It is of possible interest that out of
34 species of ferns and fern allies two—Osmunda cinna-
momea and Dryopteris marginalis—survived, and that,
of a number of plants of O. cinnamomea, a specimen of
the red-stiped form has apparently benefitted by the
liberal dose of salt it received. I am unable to suggest
an explanation—GerorGce R. Proctor, Fairhaven, Massa-
chusetts.

Scorr’s SpLEENWorT IN Ou10.—I should like to report
the finding of Asplenosorus ebenoides (R. R. Scott)
Wherry in Washington County, Ohio, November 11, 1938.
Subsequent discovery of several specimens in the same
general area, some of them fertile, indicates that this fern
is not at all rare in southeastern Ohio. I believe it has
been reported before from Hocking County only. Dried
Specimens have been placed in the Marietta College Her- ©
barium.—Gerorce R. Proctor, Fairhaven, Massachusetts.

Fragrant Ferns.—‘‘The fronds of Polypodium Phy-
matodes are used by the South Sea Islanders for perfum-
Ing Cocoa-nut oil. About five years ago, a living plant
and some dried fronds of this species were presented to
Kew by Mr. Collins of the Strand, who stated that the
fronds were employed in his house for placing amongst
clothing, ete., to which they imparted an agreeable and
lasting perfume. I have the dried leaves still, and they
are as fragrant now as when I received them. The odour
ls exactly like that of the Tonquin Bean, Dipterix odorata,
used for scenting snuff and other forms of Tobacco. Speci-
mens of P. Phymatodes, which have been in the Kew
Herbarium nearly thirty years, are very perceptible now,
hotwithstanding the strong dressing of corrosive sublimate

154 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

which they have received. An allied species, vit; ©.
nigrescens, proves quite as fragrant when dried; and a
third one, also closely allied to P. Phymatodes, viz., P.
pustulatum, a native of New Zealand, is even more fra-
grant than these. The natives of New Zealand employ the
fronds of this species to scent their oil and food.

‘‘In the Daily News for last Saturday there is a letter
from a correspondent who has resided in the North West
Provinces of India, where, he states, the fronds of P.
normale are gathered and placed in rooms for the sake of
their delicious hay-like scent. He also states that ‘it 1s,
of course, the naked seeds at the back of the strap-shaped
leaves, which, being ripe at that season, give out the sweet
smell which floats on the air in the golden pollen-like
particles,’

‘‘For one who begins by sneering at the Royal Botanic
Society for its want of knowledge on the subject of sweet-
scented Ferns, the belief that the fragrance is caused by
_ the pollen-like particles is amusing. Certainly the spores
have nothing to do with it, barren and young fronds being
quite as fragrant as the fertile ones. There is no fra-
grance from these Phymatodes Polypodiums unless the
leaves are dried or drying. The odour appears to be due
to the presence of numerous oil glands in the fronds.

‘‘Evidently the leader writers for the London daily
papers are unacquainted with the several native species of
Fern, the fragrance of which is well known. The scent of
hay is so marked in Nephrodium (Lastrea) aemulum, that
it is commonly known as the Hay-scented Buckler Fer?,
and one of its synonyms, viz., N. foenisecii, Lowe, means
‘‘hay-eutter.’? N. montanum emits, when bruised, @
lemon-like odour, which is due to the presence of numerous
minute glands on the under-surface of the fronds. N. fra
grans, a native of the North Temperate zone, but not Brit-
ish, has a strong primrose-like odour, both when gree? and

AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY 155

when dried, herbarium specimens retaining the fragrance
for many years. It is stated that, in Siberia, a decoction of
the leaves of this species is a pleasant substitute for tea.
N. odoratum, a widely distributed plant, has a pungent
mustard-like odour and taste. A common plant in gar-
dens, and represented by large tufts in the Temperate-
house at Kew, is N. patens, a species similar to N. molle,
and almost as widely distributed, and which emits when
bruised a strong odour suggestive of very ripe Apples.
Dicksonia punctiloba, a North American plant, is known
in Kentucky as the Sweet-smelling Fern, on account of
the fragrance of its fronds. Probably there are many
other species possessed of fragrance ; those here mentioned
are, however, all that are known at Kew.’’—From the
Gardeners’ Chronicle, ser. III, 7: 225-226 (Feb. 22)
1890. _

American Fern Society

The John Burroughs Association desires to get in touch
With all organizations in the United States and elsewhere
formed in honor of John Burroughs. The purpose is to
learn whether such groups would be interested in a
yearly publication to contain reports from these various
units, as well as articles about John Burroughs. Please
communicate with Dr. Clyde Fisher, American Museum
of Natural History, 77th St. and Central Park West, New
York City.

New members:
Arnott, Charles D., Box 321, La Mesa, California.
Bushong, Mr, Wilbur, 1543 Ash St., Cottage Grove, Oregon.
Chamberlain, Glen D., 22 Academy St., Presque Isle, Maine.
Cooke, Mr. William B., Foster, Warren Co., Ohio.
Lanier, Mrs. Emma C. de Gimenez, Jovellar 362, Havana, Cuba.
Liggett, Mr. W. E., 700 Walton Road, University City, Missouri.
: MeKeel, Mr. Norris A., Route L, Box 471, Lemongrove, Cali-
ornia,

156 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
Matthews, Miss Velma D., Coker College, Hartsville, South Caro-

lina.

— Mrs. Millicent, 963 Boulevard East, Weehawken, New
Jers

Bork, Mrs. Nell H., 2733 Sunset Drive, Bellingham, Was

Schuur , J. A., Room 401, Holland House, 10 deers
Plaza, Nex as rk City.

Thurston, Mrs. Edward D., Jr., Sharon, Con

Tufts, Mrs. John B., 50 Patuny Road, REET ES: Mass.
Changes of address:

Baker, Miss saline E., 3005 Dana St., Los Angeles, California.

Frazee, Mr. Vernon L., a ienwend, Rew 3 sey.

Harper, Prof. et Almer, R. R. 5 podter, Virginia

Marie-Victorin, Prof., Institut Bowiniane de "Universi de
Montreal, 4101 est, rue Sherbrooke, Montreal, Cana

Noyes, Miss Kavita E., 931 Baldwin Ave., 4A, Roe Virginia.

Oliphant, Mr. Roy L., 20 Senior ae , Berkeley, California.

Ottley, Dr. Alice M., ‘Gencen Castle w Yor

Porter, Miss May N,, 10 Wheeler hee: gel tos New York.

Pyron, Joseph H., nee University, Durham, N. C.

Have You a Compiere Fie or THE AMERICAN FERN
JOURNAL?—Several years ago (1930), with the above
question in mind, reference was made to the status of the
Society’s files of the AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL at the em
of the twentieth volume. Now, with the approach of the
thirtieth, it seems appropriate to raise the same question
again.

In connection with the building up of a college library,
there has been occasion recently to make enquiries as to
the cost of the back files of various biological publications,
some much younger than the JouRNAL, some older.
estimates for different journals ranged from $50 to $750.
The amount of matter in them varies, of course, almost a8
much as the prices; but it was notable that one reason for
the higher prices was the fact that the early volumes of
most of these journals have long been out of print an
exist only as rare items to be supplied by dealers.

AMERICAN FERN SocretTy 157

With the Fern Journat, there is a very different story.
It has been the policy of the Society to maintain stocks of
all its back numbers. With this in mind, when the orig-
inal supply of an early number is exhausted, it is re-
printed. The reason for this policy is to make it possible,
especially for recent members, to purchase back numbers
at a moderate cost.

It may be noted that early numbers of the JouRNAL
contain many articles of importance. The whole file of
29 volumes constitutes a library of fern literature of great
interest and value to the fern-lover, comprising approxi-
mately 4,000 pages and 300 illustrations.

The usefulness and convenience of a complete file is now
increased by the cumulative index to the first 25 volumes,
compiled by Dr. Edgar T. Wherry with NYA and WPA
assistance and issued with this number of the JOURNAL.
Its four divisions—recording authors, subjects, geo-
graphic areas treated and scientific names mentioned—
make it easy to find matter in which one is interested.
And to those who do not have the JourNAL, or not all of
it, perusal of the index can hardly fail to suggest articles
which they will want to see, and will, we hope, stimulate
the demand for the back numbers which have proved one
of the Society’s most valuable assets.

The index is being distributed gratis to present mem-
bers and subscribers; hereafter, it will be for sale at 50
cents a copy. <A full set of the 29 volumes of the JOURNAL
with the index, sells for $36.75, with 10% discount to
members of the Society in good standing.

158 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Index to Volume X XIX
Abies oe var. arizonica, var. californicum, 107;
nifica var. shastensis, earpon, 86; thel vocerolden: ES
86, 136, f. anvoetit salAel:
Sak epire alatum, 13; Lindenii, also lenium and aptexiom

10°

Asp
squamatum, 10; squamosum, : ne nudifiora,
Adiantum Capillus-Veneris, 71,

zolla caroliniana, 137

120, 121; fragile var. pubescens, Basswood, 18

0; modestum, 72; pedatum Bean, Tonquin, 153

oe 136, co pe ‘aleaticewe. - Beech, 18

nerum richolepis, 70, 71, BELL, F. Ferns of Greene County,

179, 126, ‘Ge distribution ot, = Pennsylvania (review), 74.

Texas, 1 19; tricholepis f. gla- Brenepicr. R. C. Florida fern in

bru New York City, 34; growing
Aneanhine canadensis, 18 ferns from spores, 95; high-
American Fern Society, 38, 77, school biology (review), 124

b
124, 155 ; ferns, notes on, XXIII, cone ata Pe 115
reh, black, 18; gray, 115; red,
merge bs ing 86, 91, 136.

See also Woodwardia a Hills, Equisetum pratense
Andromeda a 18

nemia mex Botrychtem dissectum, 6, 9, 19, oe
Arabis lyrata, 76, 87; 88, 122, 113, var.
Archaeopteris, 1 liquum, 136, 13 140, f. ake
rizona, Botrychium lanceolatum de 9, var. oneidense, 54, var
3 tenuifolium, 140; lanceolatum,
a apount ain, Oe white, 18 36, 37, i Arison, 36. pi
qu ‘ angustisegmentum, , var. a&
Aspidium Boottii, 531 ; canariense, pee phen core tat 20; Lunaria,
42 ; rg ime penc Bolt 131; cris- 36, 37, 111, var. onondagense,
tatum floridanum, 44 ; Filix-mas, 55: matricariaefolium, 19, 20,
126, 127; doridannah, 42, 44; 55, 87; multifidum, 7, 9, 87, 88,
ludovicianum, 41, 42, 44, the 93, 114, f. dentatum, 6, 9, Var.
identity of ; Marginale, 42; intermedium, 7, 9, subsp. silai-
noveboracense, 131, 132; simu- folium, , 54, subsp. typicum,
latum, 132; spinulosum, 126— 19, 20, 54; obliquum, 19, 87, 88
28, 131; spinulosum dilatatum, 112 ‘ , var, dissectum,
126 ; Thelypteris, 132. See also 136, var. oneidense, 19, 112.
Dryopteris and Thelypteris 113; ramosum, 130; simplex, 6,
Asplenium angustifolium, 129; 130, var. laxifolium, 6, 55, vat
Bradleyi, 87, 127, 144; erypto- tenebrosum, 6, 19, 55, var we
lepis, 133, » eryptolepis x cum, 55; virginianum, 20 2
Camptosorus rhizophyllus, 133, __ 37, 87, 93, 136, 138, 140 °
135; Curtissii, 26; ebeneum, Botrychiums, 0 observations on, 11

, 180; hetero- Bracken, 86,
: Brake, rock, 108 eae cliff, 108

144; parvulum, 1 lye Ny gl phe me?
; ’ >; pinnati- hybrid, e
tale 87, 137, 140 ; platyneuron, Broun, M. ‘Tadex to North Amer
ah. 29, 72, 87, 102, 136, 138— ican ferns avin w), 30
» 144; plenum, 26; pycno- Butternut, 1

; _Ruta-muraria, 87, Campanula rotundifolia, 18
126 ; sealifolium, 26; suave, 26: Ca proeores us, 22, 87,
; “ae ; . : am i) rhizophyllus, =,
eae 26 ; Trichomanes, 23, 29° 80. 92, 133: % ree primes erypto-
3

uudelli, 87; verecundum, Cuan chrysophyllum, 104
72, 102, in Cheilanthes in the Sonoran Desert,

Asplenosorus, Athyrium, and Ch 62 67,
; eilanthes alabamensis, , 2

ott asi sven 103, 121, 140, in Florida _?, 103;

Asplen S ebenoides, 153 Brand 60, 64; pi

wthotae (Dhlogitotius, 19; prenan- ao G4 osutanen, 61, 66: Cleve:

I ir “ landii, 63, 69; Covillei 63, pet!

Athyrium amerien Py iggy nk Fatoni, 61, 66; Feel, 60.
“asp enioides, Fendleri, 69; ger

136, 139, 140; Filix-femina, 23; 107-109 : Weriduia, 121; Kaul

INDEX TO VOLUME 29 159

fussii, 60, 61, 63, 70; la
Sp 88, 91, 127, 128; lendigera,
62, 68, Ade ne 62, ;

B
Pri inglei, 61, pyra
midalis, 60, 65, subsp. arizonica,
60, 65; tomentosa, 61, 66, 144;
villosa, 61, 65; viscida, 60, 63,
64; Wootoni, 62, 68 ; Wrightii,

ee Pag eS Revision of the
Sikkim-Himalayan
eee a hon wy Ss
Chrysothamn OR gaa 108

CLAUSEN, 7 iT: Some pterido-
ve ytes: of south-central New

Gina tis poets 57

cence artes

OKER, W. Filing ferns in the
Care inaa. ( review), 73

Cooke, W. B. Occurrence of ferns
in some agg caves, 144; some
ferns of Mt. Shasta, 105

Cornus canadensis ; 18: florida, 18

CORRELL, D. ome fern notes,

135° some southern fern notes,

Crytogramma acrostichoides, 108;
Steller. 57, Ss

Cuscuta Gron ive

Cystopteris bulbife era, 20, 29, 86,
126, 147: fra gilis, 21, 86, 91,
— 108, 138, 44 0, var. lauren-

ana, 5, var. Mackayii, 5, var.

roe rusa, 5

Dennstaedtia, punctilobula.
21, 86, D1” 136.’ soe also Dhae”
Dicksonia et gale Saree on 155,
os Be oi 129. See 0 Denn-

Dipla azium angustifolium, 138; sil-
vaticum, 72. See also “Athyrium
Diplostach. yum, 28
p

153

IX, W. L. Ferns of Lake ee:
hawken, Pennsyly. vania, 16;
servations on Botrychiums, 112;
variations in the period of ripe:
ing spo res, 76

Dogwood,

Dryopteris, 26, 30, 150-152: acu-
leata scopulin na, 109; arguta,
72; atropalustris, 27; Boottii,

21, 27, 86; campyloptera, 86:
celsa, 57, 137 ; CHateniaan, 24°
27, 34, 86, var. australis, 27:
cristata, 21, 27, , 86, var.
Clintoniana, a: e ta x spinu-
losa, 3; dentata, as dilatata,

91, 94; gongylodes, 151; hexa-
gZonoptera, 22, 136, 139: inter-

media, 22, 27, 29, ~ 86, 151;
Linnaeana, 23, 151, glandu-
losa, 4 ; Judoviclana, 27, 34, 44;

nor
noveboracensis, 31. 29, 136, je
ar ia eo 22, 57; remotipin-

ita ;
separabilis, 27; simulata, 21;
ne, 3, 22, 86, var. ameri-
4, 57, var. fructuo osa, 3,

Hy ‘var. inter media, 3, 4, A var.

oops rotuniitolia 2
UNCAN, Vittaria lineata
- rom Georgia, 142

EDSON, JOSEPHINE. Our way with
ferns, 98

Epwarps, J. Report of the
Judge of imections 39

Elaphoglossum Lindenii, 10 ; Max-
oni, 12-14; peoliferane, | Foc
pteropus, 13, uam tum,
a! pn bent 7

Elaphoglossum, notes on, 10

Equisetum, 45, 47; arvense, 23,
29, 37, 47, 110; "fluviatile, Ze

laevigatum, Ee Oe 1 ft 51:
Moorei, 47; Nelsoni, "aT; "prea eal-
tum. 37, 47: pratense, ST, in the

chyodon, 47; variegatum, 51, 54
Equisetum, distribution of ‘the
exclusively Nor American
species, 45
Erigeron lonchophyllus, 110

Fern, adder’s-tongue, 87; Ameri-
ean hart’s-tongue, 87 ; be 86;
0; lobed ¢ 8

Christ 29; cinnamon, ;
12k; 2 wm i 115, ne yo
coarse-lo} curly-

ass, 87; “daisy leat grape, 87;
awark eh chain oes eastern holly,

Capel haar Nl 86; mountain
cliff, 86; mountain. lady, 107;

160

ae ogg wood, 86; narrow

amp, 86; New York, 86;
Aicthetdters marsh 86; north.
ern

86; haps maidenhair, 86;

oak, rich, 86; pars-
ley, 108: rattlestiake Bis Hi
rection, 86 5 ock-cap, 86;
86; iit, 86; sensitive, 86:
Shasta, dos shield,

=

aa 133; litera-
ture, roi "05, 124, 149); ee

ro 135 ; Society, 38, ae 124,

155

Ferns, fairy rings in, 118; finding,
125 * forcing native e, a fra-
gra ant, from

0; of Lake Sheh ay enn-
sylvania, tof sight
105; of Wisconsin, ie Way
with, and salt wa er 153.

ery of fruiting, 121
Fir, Shas 109
Blorids, Cheilanthes alabamensis
ern in New York

Ci @.
Forcing a collection of native ferns
r exhibition, 85

Georgia, ia be pete from, 142
Gilbert, D. Location of his

Our way with

C. L. Time of fruiting
some ferns, 121

blephariglottis,

abenari 103 ;
orbiculata, 18
r 29, 94

He :

Hickory, 18

ese pilosella, 19

Horn , American, 18; hop, 18
Horseta vil, "110

Hysleaphes polypodii, 21, 108
Hymenophyllum, 73

Ilex montana, 18; verticillata,

115; verticillata ‘tenuifolia, 18

Braunii, 24, 50; Ea oni,

50; echinospora, 50; Engel-
manni, 51, 136

a8 angustifolia, 18; glauca,
Kemp, BE. B. Vegetative propeay

son in Marattiaceae (re Ww),
oe M. riage ry! of B.
D. Gilbert's herbariu

KNIGH ne, W. Ht. Une. pabitat
for Pellaea glabella, 32

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Knox, W. W. High school biology

review), 124 : :
Kount W. Fairy rings in
ferns, 118

Laurel, begat ere fo y, 79
A ituary,
teats ai growing
Ww),

Lobelia Dortman a
fata 86, 91, 136,
88, 0, we Hee cies Woo! a
ia
taconodt ium

tin 24, 132, var: acrifolium,
48: egedlin S
Chamaec a

tum, 24, 159 : complanatum, el
var. _flabelliforme, ce 49, var.
ypl

folium, Selago, var.

patens, 48; (See eos 84, 50,

Lygodium japonicum, 111,
Texas, 111; palmatum,
91, v2, 115, 116, 138,
York, 115

13
87-89,
in New

Maidenhair, 29; Dorners, 86
Malaxis brachypoda, :
Mapl e, mountain, 18; red, 18;
, 18, sugar, rr:
2

ceum in
Mitella. = ae
Peete Vv. Notes on Ela ae
glossum 2. 105:one pout
ern resurrection plants, 14 105
Mt. Shasta, some ferns

=:

foe
Nephrodium aemulum, 154; i
secii, 154; fragrans, 154;
155 ; monta er 154 ; odoratum,

155: patens, 155. See also Dry-
opte

New Yor um palm :
cco 115 S couagine of sout-

New’ York City, a Florida fern in,
34

INDEX TO VOLUME 29

Setacrr Trichomanes

on American ferns, XXIII,

70; on ere, 10; on

ns of Wisconsin, 1; on some
erns, -* “es some southern

; ibe

othoidena. Standleyi, 149

red, 18; white, 18
Ghitiaey notice: Leeds, A. N,
‘Ohio, fer

20,5. 72,
136, Ne Strutt
| 8 also

erotalophoroldes,
: dend droneuron, 2 mono-

DS
en Fete pies hg 18
‘Oxyria digyna, 110

Palm, cabbage, 143
Palmetto, 143
Pellaea atropurpurea, 2, 25, 81, 21,
aH 2, 320, ead bong) brachyptera.
108, 109’: osa, 121; glabella,
3. "86, as” ~ unusual habitat
for, oo ° ; ovata, 121; Wrightiana,

Asplenium vir-

Reet 102; ferns of Lake
en,

P hegopteris, 10° Dryopteris, 86,

1 hexag gonoptera, 86; poly-

podioides, 86, 126. See also

Pennsylvania,

Tyopteris
ago 0. ygodium pal-
Pp n New wee 115
“ge Seckopenicnen 87, 92
eweriana, 109; Engel-

ie

vine white, 18

Pogo nia iophioglossoides, 18
olemonium shastense, 110

Polypodium '

13
pofhurchiae, 74-76
P Polypod
ecu acrostichoides, 21, 22,
1 36, 139, ae _ incisu
36; Braunii 21, 93; Lean
bite Bhar Penton
"mu nit tum var, imbricans,

161

Pomatophytum pocillatum, 68
Proctor, G. Ferns and salt
water, 153; ‘Scott’s spleenwort
bo Ohio
Scan _bennsylvanica, 18

Preretis. nodulosa,. Big 86, 91, 94,
gel 8, ‘See ’also
Mationecin pe rine
Pteridium aquilinum, 23, var.
f, decip piens, 2, var.
latiusculum, ae
44, var. pseudo-
caudatum, 139,

Pteridophytes of south-central

Ne 48
eris multifida, 122, Pear in
Washington, D. C., 122; serru-
lata,
Pyron, J. H. Vittaria lineata
from Lincoln Co., Georgia, 142
Recent fern literature, 25, 73,

Report of the Judge of Elections
for 1938, 39; of the President,
T7204 the Secretary, 78; of the
Treasurer,

Resurretir Bee our south-

Bell, F. Ferns of
Pennsylvania; Lig
Knox

McKenn
the adaptable, Og. "ates, EB. M.
irteen ferns 2 the or
border at = Paso, 149. Sma
J ns of ‘ihe ‘southeast

Rosa rubiginosa, 1
Sarracenia gag aa 103;
p
Sassafras,
ScHAFF at 5. H. Distribution sd
the inp ge North America
— cies Equisetum, 45; Equ “%
or ratense in the Black

FE wi pusilla,
Scutellaria galeticuata, 1 ie

Selaginella, 4, 28,

162

136, 138, 141; Eatoni, 28:
lepidophylla, 14 : ludoviciana,
ea) pilifera, 14, 15, va rin-
me Fs Pringlei, a4, 1b: rupes-
128 ; tipi , 136

a richomanes
Petersii 7 Norih carolina 113
signs TER, E. een ferns o
bathe’ Pe at El ee

mh

Ss of ve 25. the

identity f Aspidiu
vician
SMITH

. 8. J. Some pteridophytes
of ‘oats central New York, 48
Sonoran Desert, Cheilanthes in,

Southern fern notes, 135
Southwestern resurrection plants,
G. M. Distribution of
Adiantum tricholepis in Texas,
sel Roan um japonicum in

Tex
Spleenwort, ee em, 87; brow

y Sts rae = Ge maidenhair,

: + an ‘ 87 > Pinnate, 87;
pinnatifid, 137; Seott’s, care in
io, 153; silvery, 86; wa lking,

nin
Stone, E. K. High School biology

(re eview), 124
Strathiopteris rmanica, 132.
also Matteuecia, Onoclea
nd Pteret
SVENSON,

il “*K. Report of the
treasurer for 1938, 38

TAYLOR, M. S. Filmy ferns in the
Carolinas a w), 73
a agg sis, 1
nessee richomanes Boschi-
oo um in, id
Texas, Adi iantum y Saar ma in,
119; Lygodium japonicum in,

Breede 26, 152; dentata, 26;
Zylodes 26; nor malis, 26;

hovebornceinas, 86, 91; ovata,
> palustris, 86, 91; tens,
is ; reducta. i

L, 26; Saxatilis, 26;
serra, 26; simulata, 86, 91; sub-

Page
Page 108, line 24, for PELLEA,

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

tetragona, 26;

marginalis, 26; Seo

unea, 2 versicolor, 26.

also Aspidium and Dryopteris
Thuidium, : ;
THURSTON, oreing a_Col-

a
ea tia 1ib, te in pone son Tennes-
see, 114; membranacewm,, 103,
in ’Missigsippi us Ss Fee
3, 74, 113, 11
Carolina, jis Fi By
atum,
Tee RM Jr. Notes on the
ferns of Wisconsin, 1

Vaccinium Oxycoccus, 18
beg Aor americana, 18;

um, 18
142-144, from

scutel-

Vit tn um alnifol

Viola Selkirkii, aD

Vittaria lineata,
eorgia, 142

Washington, D. C., Pteris multi-
fida in, 122
if ferns, 125
tse Oe a ok ae
f 1938, ya
wwaent r, # G. Report of seere-
- L. normal cont
Equisetum faint eja, 31; at . fof
f Cheilanthes in the

n ferns 0
Wisconsin, notes ° Soil aci iy at at

a
Bes
i=}
x
q
|
oe
Z

: xr
teridophytes (rev Ww), 2 ‘
Woodsia Slabella, 93, “727; ilven

oT:
24, 57, 74, 86, 91, 121;
obiusa, a 86, , $1, 92 pulina, 6,

74. 26,
Woodsia, focky Mountain, “BL
Woodwardia areolata, 100, ;
virginica, 1 See also
tea and Lorinseria
Xyris caroliniana, 18

Zuck, R. K. Trichomanes nee Bae
anum in east Ten

ERRATA
94, line 2, for Pteritis, read Pteretis.

read PELLAEA.

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_ American Fern Journa

Cumulative Index
eos Volumes 1 to 25 —

1910 to 1935 inclusive

With NYA and WPA

American Fern Journal
nell

Cumulative Index
Volumes 1 to 25
1910 to 1935 inclusive

Compiled by
EDGAR T. WHERRY
With NYA and WPA Assistance

Issued as a supplement to Vol. 29, No. 4,
of the American Fern Journal

American Fern Society
December, 1939

AUTHOR INDEX

Allen, C.L. 25: 69.

Allen, W. 8 27.

Alston, A. H. G. 22: 23, 100;
24: 48, ee oa 132.

Ames, R. S > 26.

Anderson, A, . & W. A., Jr.

: 130.
Anderson, We Aa SF Ae Be:
143; 21: ig 64.
a. M 1

Andersson-Kotto, : 19: 129;
21: 139; 23: 26

Andrew, E. F. 11: 30.

Andrew, L. 15 cae

lites 01; 18;

28; 21: seh 22: 99.

Bailey, S. W. 14: ee 21: 140.
A. 5

Benedict, J. E., a aN es
22: 56.

Benedict, R. 24, 40,

is
~I
e

fens
00
& s
©
Go
to

100, 130; 19: 29, 105, 129;

21: 26, 27, 28, 34; 22: 24, i
59, 93, 94, 100; 23: 63;
t17,

Heathen, C. EB,

Bill 8.2. 17s 58,
Bissell, C. H. 2: ae 4; 31,
Fy 102, 126; 5: 118.
yeSece, 4: Vib: 13: 126;
oe ‘67.
cea E. was -

ins Se a7
ee HL. i Se 81; 24:
eosaparts, R. 8: 22; 16: 56.
Boydston, K. E. 2
LM.

17: 138.

Breckenrige, EWN gies hap tab

sa 7e 108,

Britton, E. G. 2:76; 142.206,

Britton, N. L. 17: 104.

Brooks, M. 16: 97; 17: 26, 108.
own,

30, 89; 13:
Browne, I. M. P.. 13: 123.
Buchholz, J. T. 14: 33.
Burkart, A : 48

Ae
a 29, 48, 75; 24: 117.

2 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Campbell, D. H.
60.

Carhart, M. 6: 51.
.

R. 24, 74; 22:
15, 53, 98; or a 18; 25: 12,
Chisholm, M. L. 16: 128; 18:

rere C. 1: 33, 65, 93,

aed N. 3: lis; re 26; 8:

iakessts 3 D. sos 16: 56.

2: 93; 3: 94; 6:
» (7, 115: 15: 13,
py vit 80, 118, 16: 20; 17: 9,
Beaten i; beg 119,

4 fy M:

tiene Bee he S 24,
Crawford, J. A. 15: 64,

D Almeida, bt 13: 93,
49,

Deem, J. W. 29: OF:

13: 124; 20:

Degener, QO.

De ae si 49.
Diddell, M. W. 22: 57.
egy 28: 49; 94: 50, 92;

i)
oO

ae a B. 16: 71; 17: 64,
98; 18: 51, 115; 19: 19, 41,
102; 20: 4, ‘

Dodge, R.
Dole, W. H. — 1, 57, 103.
Domin, K. 20: 150.
Dowell, P. 1: 12, 53, 58; 2:
27, 123.
Droery, 0. T. 1:° 19; 42
119
Dupler; A. W. 13: 123.
Durand, H. 18: 124.
' Edson, J. Z. 18: 56, 87.
Edwards, S.C. 1: 83.
rod, oy Te 18>
Etter, A. 13: 122.
Ewan, J. 21: 106; 24: 1; 25:
86.

Fagley, F. L. 23: 20; 24:
ete _ Ae BS 73; 8: 55;

Podischanks; B. 8: 3. ‘
pede: M, L. 6: 88; 39: *
9, 94; 20: 27.

se
Sai G b. 16607 a
sah TJ. Bt Be a

ta ee G. 1: 25; 5: 14, 455

Francois, E. 24: 22.
Friesner, R. C. 20: 28.

INDEX VOLUMES 1 To 25

3: 65,97 +42 07,
41; 25:

Fullaway, 5 T. 12: 58
Fuller, A. M.

Gadean, H. 8: 23; 15: 63.

Graff, P. W.

Graustein, J. E. 21: 109.

Graves, E. W. 7 eRe T23
9: 56, 119; 20: 65s Ik: 86;
2: 46; 18: 87; 16: 48; 17
15, 95, 113; 18: 95, 97; 19
95; 20 ; Zi: 21,125; Be
si 59; 23: 28; 24: 33, 51

: 109.

Greene, F ©.
8: 59; 25.
Greenfield, P. 19: 60.
17: 107.

Grout, A. J. 6: 56; 7: 94; 19:
56.

Graber, ©. L. 7: 67; 114; 8:
12; 24: 90.

mall, C.-C. 6: 103.

7.
oes, RM. 6: 68, 123; 9:

al S, Ko o3e0gs.
Hastings, G. T. 13: 94.
Higgins, D. F. 3: 59; 4: 17.
Holden, R.. 6: 58.

182. 105; 19: 1.

: 105;

Holm, Th. 10: 121,
H

47, oh oe 29; 5: 41, 54; 9;
3

House, a 2 “10: 8 88; 16:° 33:

23: 1, 95, 122; 24: 65; 25:

Howe, I. A. 8: 60.
Howe, T. D. 13: 74
Hu. Ho

Jackson, M. McM. 3: 65, 97;
4: 7, 41.
Jayne, A. 20: 83.
Jellett, E. C. 5: 87.
Jenks, C. W. 5: 44.
Fennings, 0. Boots 129; 3:38:
68; 5: 33; 8: 38, 76; 9:

Johnson, D. S. 12: 63.

Johnsto . fo Mo 2: 69, 101s
13:

Kamm, oa Wo fie 26;

Kaufman, P. 6:

Kendall, M. L.

Kenoyer, L. A.

16,

13: 75.

18: 6.

ered Pe Je S65 8: Aer:
oa B17: 60:
Kimotu, U. 23: 25.
sey haa p Oo Co Es as a: 18,

24:

oe, Ww.
Shanice OM. Se "53; 15:
93; 16: 98; 19: 56; 20: 124;
24: 84,

4 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

neue Be O,

16: "29: 18: “81;

pad,
eae R. ao ae 52.
K

ull, B.

?

Kiimmerle, es 20: 129; 21:
110.

Laughlin, B. R. 17: 102.
R. 25: 131.

Leonard, E. C.
;- 56,

9: 117; 10: 23 ;
: 25, 118; 15: 32;
£25).

22: 23; 23:
,9
Lombard, = Ae 16: 95.
ng, B.
rb G. a: 52; 21: 74; 22:
3
Lowe, Zz 6 “"W7: 25; 19: 74;
23;
la “e S. 28: 39,

— Ay dr 19: 66; 18:
104.

Maange, Vex, 7246 es 57;
9: 59

Macken x K. 15: 40; 17:
i177,

Manuel, M. 16: 54, 55.

19: 113; 20:

“15: 69, 107;

Mark, C. G. 6: ei, 13: 94,
Marshal, EME 2 a 15;

Maxon
109; 4: 15, , 20; 5: 1 4, 50,
9 , 90; 7: 104

17: 106; 18: bs 46, 95; 19: 44,
100; 20: 1; ; 22: 11;
23: 73, Gee 24: 15, 23, 72;
25: 136

McAvoy, B. 16: 28
Coll R

MeVaugh, R “s
Mendelson, W.
Merrill, E. D. oe i 25: 127.

Merrill, H.W... 42-9,
orton, C. v. pe 19; 24: 16.
Mousley, H. 14: 18, 91, 110;
15: 87; 17: iy 18: 127; 19:

Mussach, A. 24: 21.

Nelson, J.C. 8: 16, 17; 9: 93
; 12: 125.

Newman, E. 21: 144.

Noble om A. 4: 65; 6: 42.

Northrop. A. R. 20: 151.

INDEX VoLUMEs 1 To 25 5

Oishi, J. 23: 25,
Osterlund, Pays 126.
Overacker, Moa. Sor 318;

cael E. J. 5 Os 1%, 50,

3 14: 39 oe 20: 138;

20: ay 105; ae 65; 24: 104;
25:

Palmer, Pod, +893: 172 lid;

5.
; 7: 8; 14:
ot 16: 54, 55; 17: 107; 21:

. C. L. & M. ae 20: 18.
Pretz, H. W. 1: 3

Prince, 8S. F. 8: 4,

Pugsley, F. W. 19: 59, 88.

‘‘Quinmaster’?? [Quinn, J. J.].
20: 153.

Hennier, Aah os cae 2: ped
20; 5: 9
17: 27; 18: oe oe ake a
76, 135

Raunkiaer, C. 25: 133.

Sadler, N. 18: 59; 22: 101.
d

33, 65, 97.

, W. 2B. 4s ahs gs

St. rhouaetee ale 25: 33.

1,64 05,85 24: 36; 25: 6,

Petia W, A. 25: 56;
4: 103.

24
Shreve, F. 8: 65.
m, : 40.

3. Ag:
Sbosiebers, O. 24: 31,
Sm . 9: 23; 10: 122;
14,

setea KF. C. 4: ‘10 9; 5: 65;
, 44; 10: 97; 16: 112;

eke BW. 18s 605-20:

78.
Starr, A. M. 15: 19.
Steagall, M. M. 17: 133.
Stebbins, G. L., Jr. 20: 86;

25: 105.

Steil, W. N. 8: 58; 9: 27, 115,
120; 12: 58; 18: 105; 19: 1;
24: 22.

6 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Steyermark, J. A. 22: 105; 23:

?
ey

Svenson, H. K. 25: 70.

Tagawa, M. 23: 25.

auger, bo. A. * 252.18
Tardieu-Blot, L. 25: 1
Tatewaki, M. 23 8
Taylor, A.M. 14: 85; 17: 105
Taylor, - 24

Tidestrom, I. 4: 23.

Tilton, G. H. 18: 60; 14: 57.
dd, J 17: 57; 18: 59.
gens H. H. 2: 107; 4: 64;
ee H. Bias 19: 134; 20:

30; 25:
Tryon, R. i. or, Bh: 119;
Tuttle, M. L. 5: 108

Underwood, J. K. 23: 98,
Upham, A. W. 12: 96
Van Eseltine, G. P. 9: 23.
Vietorin, Fr. Marie-. 13: 120;
15: 98; 18: 26, 58; 22: 97,
Ware, R. A. 2 58; 3: 95.
Waters, C. E. 10: 115; al: 16,
19; 17: 24, 52; 93: 37, 93.

Weatherby, C. A. 3: 4; 5: 18;
7: 905.8: 1043 9% bs 122;
11: 50, 109, 122; 12: 9,42;

4; 14: 21, 60,

i
a
“
bp ©
~]
“
Aires
jon

Weather U. F. 14: 96; 15:

waatiey Hy -19:- OF;
Wheeler, L. A. 5: 113; 12:

, 45, ee
87; 8: 18; 9: 33, 107; 10
9; 11: 120, 121; 12: 128.
Woodward, R. W.
Wooton, E.O. 5: 65
ie ae

13: 52. :
eth “g: 95; 9: 59; 11:
eee 18) Sa;
Youmans, W. B. 23: 113; as

Young, J. P. 10: 27.

INDEX VoLUMES 1 To 25

2. SUBJECT INDEX

Abnormalities in Botrychium
and certain other ferns, (Re-
view) 16: 120,

Adder’s tongues, soil reaction
preferences of thr

eeopteron as a generic name,
10:

Alleghany cliff-fern, Further
occurrences of the, 19: 101.

Alpine Ponta at Hatley,
The, (Review) 14: 18.

Alsophila from Bag ania and
Vera-Cruz, A new, (Review)
> 116.

American Fern Journal, 3: 64;
4:

Antrophyum from Luzon, A
new, 13°71.

Apogamous prothallia in certain
cies of ferns, (Review) 8:

——_— in ne a rhiz-
ophyllus, (Review) 9:
Apogamy in certain ster
Cus leptosporangiate ferns,
— cases of, (Review) 24:

Scie in ferns, Studies of
me new cases of, (Review)
: 58.

Apogamy in mage hir-
) oe

Rha ‘of
Senerations, Observations on
the inheritance of, (Review)
23: 26. :

Aspidium cristatum x marginale
and A, simulatum, 9: 73.
Aspidium laserpitiifolium in
Pennsylvania, (Review) :
Adpisiiben nouvelles d’Indo-
12.
ybrid, 8: 1.
— acrostichoides Sw. 1:

pete i abel in
Louisiana, 3: 16,

Asplenium cbenoides, A new
locality f

Asplenium oe R. R. Scott
in howe tai County, Indiana,
52.

Asglanl mina,
(teed fronds i 18:
pecan eae Aieomeiriong Nuttall,
A note
pr iis pee uron (L.)
Oakes, Proliferation of, 14:

Skele-
00.

Asplenium Ruta-muraria, The
American pepe eteeg of,

(Review) 18:

Aspleniums, es i se Rona
ner’s results with,

aa ny ea The pene

ice A bei species of,
Review) 14:

Aehysim alpestre, "The eastern
Am n oceurrence of, (Re-

we) a 8: 94.
jn Double sori in, 3: 88.
Beech-ferns, A — char-

acter in the,
Eaniingrashy; A ‘tstatunned 2
9,

8 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Birds, orchids, ferns, and but-
terflies of Mount Royal, Mon-
treal, Notes on, (Review) 17:
106.

Boston ferns,

What we know
21,

3.
lum and certain other
ferns, rate in, (Re-
view) 16: 120.
Potshiam angustisegmentum,
(Review) 19: 100.
Botyenica dissectum, 13: 42.
Botrychium diesectutti and B
obliquum, Another suggestion
regarding, 22: 59.
Botrychium dissectum m, Is — a
sterile mutant? 11: 114 itt ee
87.

thous ae dissectum as
sterile aon Does Seieork
reveal? 14: 110,
Pong dieiociits from Min-
nesota -

2
Botrychium pins in Iowa,

Bote yebtcn dissectum, is it a
sterile mutant of B. obliquum ?
aa:

Botryehium jenmani in Cuba,
: 98,

ae lanceolatum, An

d

Botrychium matricariaefolinm
in N - Jersey, Oceurrence of,
12:

Riva nouveau de la flore
Americai

simplex, Sur un, (Review) 18:
58.

Botrychium obliquum in Iowa,
ae 303:

Botrychium simplex, The game-

tophyte are of, (Re-
view) 13
etek virpliaane Pro-

thallia of, (Review) 21: 140.
Botrychiums, Deseribing, 25:

Botrychiums of Indiana, The,
22: 48.
Botrychiums of Mobile County,

Central
States, 21: 125 :
Bracken on limestone, Ameri

can, 24: 92.
Brackenridge and his book on

holly fern, 4: 1.

British Pteridological Society,
Activities of the, 18:

Broad-leaf Spinulose eer The
habitat and distribution of
the, 18: 12

California meeting, The, 5: ee

Camptosorus pecs Ap
gamy in, (Review) 9: 58.

Cemetery ferns of New ‘Orleans,
The, 19 u

Cheilanthes from Mexico, A neW,
(Review) 9: 116 oe

Cheilanthes ne aa
logical study of, (Revie

Cheilanthes lanosa and Isoetes
in Indiana 12.

Cheilanthes gence Fe

Island variety of, 21: 25.

Christmas fern, A SS phe-
non in the

Cinn wee fern, _ new variety
of the, 1: 100.

An

INDEX VOLUMES 1 To 25 9

Cinnamon ferns, Notes on, 15:
93

Clathropteris platyphylla, Notes
on the fern, (Review) 9: 26.
Climbing fern in a garden, The,

1 Ee

Climbing fern in Pennsylvania,
Observations on the, 13: 40.
imbing fern in = vicinity of
Hartford, The, 1 2.

Collecting in the acer s of
Colorado, 19: 95.

ary inked in southern Flor-
i a3 be

Colorado aes for ferns, The,

be aiies of investigation, Re-
port of, 24: 60.

Biheervation of native plants in
Or St

Correction, A, 4:

rested Sack used in landseape
planting, A, 8: 110.

Cryptogams for characterizing
climates, On the signifi-

nee of, catidees 25: 133.
cyrtomi The genus, 20: 41.
Cytopteris fragilis, Pe rare rust
24:

pte fragilis or C. filix-
fragilis? 25:

Dagger fern, i polo in the,
4,

ay, A 2Te: 85.

Diellia and its variations, (Re-
view) 25: 103.

Down dee

p, 16: 95.
Dryopteris, An V auinaicet, spe-
cies o
Rites a dec var. ameri-
ag in eastern Massachusetts,

Dryopteris filix-mas x marginalis

produced in cultivation, 1:

24; 3:
Dry opteris filix- -mas and the new

pdt Siar Laan x margi-
in rmont, New sta-
ions for, 2 78.
Dryopteris, Internal andular
hairs in, (Review) 10: 121
pase eens. of the
genus, (Review) 11: 28.
Poe On the genus, 1:
33.
Dryopteris, Some new American
species ti.
vicina: a and varieties
vae, (Review) 11: 89.
baer ies Eudryop-
_ The as American

spec
eaten shen Unilater-
ally fertile fronds of, 23:

Early ‘days of the Am
bias rl More one ey

Phony pe Enns Proliferous,
13;

agen habitats in the long-
ats of Louisiana,

i¢ and
mineral content of an, 9: 99.
Equiseta in oonre Herbaria,

jew) 1
ep meee Aacihe ‘* Preak,’?
: 103,

uisetum arvense, The oce
rence of three and ae aul
branches in, 19:

10 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Equisetum, Diagnostic analysis
and phylogenetic relationship
of the main groups of, 20: 11.

Equisetum, sree key to
the species of, 22:

aaa flowers of, wi 19:

yells.

hock Fluetuation in, 18:
69.

Equisetum, Geographie distribu-
tion of the species in relation
to phylogeny, 20: 89.

Equisetum canpenaed Bupceed
of, (Review) 1

Equisetam, How 4 poet ae

the North ee species
of, 13: 33,
auinctum: ee The anatomy
Review) 6: 58.

Equisetum, hybrid, a supposed,
12: 12.

Equisetum, ees fungus
parasite of, 21: 75,
Equisetum, Ba species of,

24: 36.

Equisetum laevigatum and its
near relatives, 14: 41,
Equisetum, Main lines of evolu-
5.

ti hot
Pauisetum, Mincellansois notes
, 23:

18.
Sabet North American spe-
cies, How to distinguish, 13:
33.

Equisetum, North American spe-
cies of, North of Mexico, 11:
65.

Equisetum, On th
for
81

e trail of—
four thousand miles, 16:

Equisetum praealtum, Rabbits
18:

eat, 18: 98,
Equisetum praealtum, Rate o
growth of a patch of, 24: 50.

Equisetum, Propagation from
sterile aerial shoots, (Review)
22: 54

Equisetum, Random observations
on, 25: 6.

Equisetum, Six interesting char-
acters of sporadic occurrence
in,

Pauiatom, Snails feed on ripen-
ing co : 25.

ae ge es ‘hooks of, 17:

43.

Equisetum telmateia Ehrh.,
Monomorphism in

Equisetum variegatum clan a

good species, 16:

Eupteris apo * oe d’,
(Review) 2

Eupteris ee en 1 terrain al-

illustrated by
ferns, (Review) 12: 61.

Fern books, Two recent, 25: sil
Fern bulletin, A pee! re
: oe
print of no. 1,
Fern ani vik is fern
literature, A, x!
ded collecting, eee ,
4,

5.
Fork collecting in Cuba, 1: .
Fern collecting in Haiti, 15:
107.

Fern collecting in southern Cali-
Per ee Some reminis-
Fern naanthnons aia in Cuba, A,
ee entlector in Florida, A, }}

Fern, Cuban, A new, 1: 40-

InpEx VouumEs 1 10 25 1

Fern display at the Berkshire
useum, Pittsfield, Mass.,
, 25: 120.

1
Fern Sisitibition. sae mislead-
ing maps of, 25: 102.
Fern ecology of Barro Colorado
sland, Panama Canal Zone,
18: 6

Fern exhibit at ‘‘A century of
eta: ?? Chicago, The, 23:

aa dite, 19: 28.

Fern field notes for 1933, 23:
109; 1934, 24: 97; 1935, 25:
123.

Fern, Finding a new, 17:

Pern finds, A few more, n ‘50.

Fern fuias, Ndi unusual have
you made?, 04,

Fern a in Vagina, Some,
15:

Fern har Some European, 20:
106.

Fern finds, _— 15: 87.

Fern, Fireworks from a, 21: 26.

Fern. flora of peat: The, 10:
65

Fern flora of Iowa, Notes on
the, 23: 39.
Fern flora of Nebraska, The,

bd 3
Fern flora of New York State,
Additions to the, 23: 1.
Fern fos of northeastern Iowa,

he, 8: 97,
Fern pie of Ohio, Further
notes on the, 2: 115.
Fern freak, A fossil, 6: 57.
1g from Panama, A new, 2:
1

Fern from the battle-ground, A,
9: 58.

Fern garden, A Vermont, 8:
50; 24: 84,

Fern apesens, ale with
a, 114. 8: 12.

?

ae pantie in eo A little,
102.
Per garden list, Another, 24:
119.
ae hang lists, More, 24: 87,

eee vahien: Making a, 23: 59.
ern garden, My experiences
with a, 8: 71.

Fern garden, Notes on a New
Jersey, 21: 1, 57, 103.

Fern garden of an amateur,

he, 17: 59.

Fern garden, The 4,

ern garden, The set of a,

10: 53, 82.
Fern gathering, Commercial, 9:

Fern Gazette, British, (Review)
Vol. hh nos 6, 112° 89: Vol.

Fern spit of Citrus County,
Florida, The, 6: 68.
Fern habitat, A aki 16:

Hors hats and fern cigar cases,
“BST

Fern hunting in Florida, in Ley
aa country, 4: 65;

ee hunting in Panama, 9: 5.

Fern hunting near Philadelphia,
Some experiences in, 5: 52.

Fern industry, 22: 60.

Fern leaf industry, Notes on
the, 12: 122.

Fern leaves at 50 cents apiece,

Fern leaves Ferns and fern al-

lies,
Fern me ce Adirondack, 6:
81.

12 AMERICAN Fern J OURNAL

Fern list, Another, 22: 25,
Fern literature, Notes on, 6: 90,

Fern psieainaay More interest-
ing,
oe locality, Another rich, 11:
120.
Fern lore, Some unofficial, 10:
27.
Fern lover, Reminiscences of a,
12:.16,
Fern — s Companion, The,
13:

Fern ee ver’s garden, A, 14: 57.

Fern material used by florists,
ore, 13: 96.

Fern nomenclature, 4: 119,

yes os Ss
Fern as from California,
, 24:

Fern pent Peden the South, 1:
49,

Fern notes from southern Cali-
fornia, Recent, 21: 106.

Fern notes on Southern Cali-
fornia, 1: 37, 104,

Fern number, The, (Review)
pO ee ye

Fern, oldest living, The, 21:
111,

mm papers in Rhodora, Some
peters (Review) 6: 33

Fern pests 8, Two serious, 7:
122; A, 13: 95.

Fern pickers, $30 000 paid to,
4: 28.

Fern Picking industry, 6: 18,
Fern protection, A plea for, 2:
22.

Fern records i Missouri,
Additional, 25:

Fern reprints recently received,
me, 4: 20.
Fern rusts of Abies, (Review)

14: r
Fern seed, Shakespeare on, 24:
93

Fern show, The Boston, 11: 97.

Fern Society campaign for wild
plant conservation, A, 12:
131,

Fern Society program for wild
plant protection, The progress
the, 13: 18.

Fern soils, Native Indiana, Hy-
drogen-ion reaction of, (Re-
view) 23; 24.

Fern spores stand 454 degrees
below zero, 20:

Fern spores, viability of, 9:
120.

Fern study in Central Florida,
25: 33.

Fern trip, A February, 8: 4

Fern trips in Virginia, 5: 108.

Fern 7 exotic, Papers on,
21:

Fern ste Some horticul-
ural, 6: i

Fern weevil The, (Review) 12:
58.

Fernclad bridge, A, 20: 8. 3
‘‘Ferniacs,’? The journey °
20: 4

Ferns, American, how to know,
grow, and use them, (Review)
2h: 131.

Ferns and fern allies of Grinnell
and vicinity, A manual of the,
(Review) 15: 65.

Ferns and fern allies of i
ter pied Pennsylvania, 193
and 193 = 48,

INDEX VOLUMES 1 TO 25 13

Ferns and fern allies of Mis-
souri, The, 22: 105; (Review)
24: 18

Ferns and fern allies of the
‘region of

0,
Ferns and st aties in Wis-
consin, 18: gal i
Ferns and oa allies in south-
ern Franklin County, Maine,
4:

Ferns a their allies in Wash-

Douglas Lake, Michigan, 6:
106

Ferns and need bone Game
laws for, 12:

Ferns, fed tee of, A method
for staining, (Review) 9: 27.

Ferns as house plants, 12: 77.

Ferns at home and visiting, 1:
60.

Ferns attacked yf a leaf-roller,
Notes on, 1:

Ferns based on fee collected
by E. Palmer, Species of, 1:

Ferns by the Georgian Bay, 19:
49,
Ferns, Can mee be identified by
6:

Ferns, Chinese, The present
us of our knowledge of,
4: 18,

view)
erns, Chinese, The pene -
- eview) 21: 24;

“ag collected in the Noyo
River mo ey Mendocino Co.,
Calif, Aug. 10-14, = 64,

Ferns, umes 124.

Ferns, Cultivation ee under

lath in Southern California,
19:

Ferns, Edible, 23: 65.

Ferns, ee gh ec in natural-
izing, 12: 19.

Pars Foes and fancies about
hem, 14: Ae dieser tS:
57, 80, 118; 16: 20.

Ferns, Field b bok of common,
(Review) 18: 1

Ferns, field eens ot A sugges-

b

Ferns for cut sts Growing,

£02

Ferns found during 1909, Notes
on some, 1: 12.

Ferns found in New Hampshire,
A list of, 11: 82.

Ferns found in the Mountain
Park and Roaring Gap region,
A partial heck list of, (Re-
view) 24: 22.

Berne found in the vicinity of

Pyle, Pa, A list of the,
bags

Ferns tion spear Two
interesting, 14: 39.

Ferns from spores, Raising, 19:

Ferns from the Dominican Re-

recently described, 3: 1
Ferns from Tahiti, ans niin
a collection of, ‘(Revi ew) 14:

89.
Ferns from western South

, 24: 109

14 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Ferns, hardy, “a epic of,
(Review) 13:

ieiige aes “a fa of,
18:

se Cane by taste, 6:
121,

Ferns, Imperfectly circinate ver-
nation in, 16: 109; 18: 31
oo in bottles, (Review) 24:

Pale in European oe
Studying, (Review) 19:
Ferns in en
(ae

Zealand, a

5
Me
~
a

ir James Smith’s
Se Certain, (Review)

bond in a Blue Mountains of
righ ‘haat for, (Re-
view) 1

Ferns in 4s news, 12: 97,

Ferns, irresistible charm of,
The, 9: 10

OF ‘
Ferns, ge of, The, (Review)
10:

i New pone A eollee-
tor’s list of, 6;

Ferns, New or esi,
Haiti, (Review) 1

Ferns new to the Vale a
A family of, 4:

Ferns, New st eave
14: 99; 15: 54; 16;

. ie 44; 20: a: 4 136;

22: 11; 23: 73, 105; 24; 72,

Ferns, N orth Aimeriean, Litera-
ure on, 1911, 2: 27,

Ferns, North American, Taxo-

,

from

nomic and geographic studies
in, (Review) 8: 53.
Ferns, Notes on ppc sie 5:
65; 8: 114; 8 1,677
10: 13 11: 1, 83; 105; 13: 73;
15: 16.

Ferns, Notes on Korean, 3: 59.
Ferns, Notes on Northwestern,
103):11.

Ferns, Notes on southern Cali-
fornia, 1: 37.

Ferns, oben on two crested, 6:
1233

pete Observations on the habi-
of certain, 7: 110.
sta of Allegheny IE « Pa.,
he, (Review) 5:
Ferns of ao pa vicinity,

@,:113°19,

Ferns of a Palen Island,
The, 16: 112

Ferns ot pseele, A (Review)
18:

Ferns us Brazos Canyon, New
Mexico, The, 4: 1

Ferns of Cental Chile, The, 20:
52.

Ferns of the meg ee Valley,
Notes on the, 4:

Ferns of Chile, Miso of the,
(Review) 21: a

Ferns of the Ae region
Sout arolina north e
see ay Preliminary list 0
the, 4:

Ferns of oe Lake National
Park, The, 19:

Ferns of the Davis Mountains,
Western Texas, 17: 77. :

Ferns of the Distriet of Colum

bia, 9: 38. :
Pave of the Dolomites, Way
side, 3: 4.

INDEX VOLUMES 1 To 25 15

Ferns of ee aaah New
York, Som

Ferns of base an Florida,
6: 39,

Ferns of Eastern North A
ist of varieties aad

3:
Ferns é pen: satan 22:
94.

Ferns of cig National Park,
Montana, 10:
Ferns of iets Counby:

ley, Quebee, a
r ries on the, (Review)
a4: 18,
Ferns of ° vicliay of Irvine,
Kentucky, 1 0.
Ferns of the Isle of Pines, West
Indies, Notes on the, 1: 129
Ferns of 6 Isthmus of Pan-
ama, 1:
Ferns of 2 amaica, 7:

is i if
ake Dunmore
(Review
Ferns of the fa Gaures Flora,
New York, pp bgprment list
of the, 6: 85, 97; 7: , 5
13: 109,
Ferns of the Marcy Region, 16:
10.

Ferns of the Mammoth Cave
gaa Park Region, 23:

hoe of Monroe and adjoining
> New York, 18: 56,
ie

Ferns of Mt. Apo, The, (Re-
view) 1: 83,

Ferns of Mt. peste
(Review) 25:

Ferns of New Bgl and Old
England, 3

Ferns of New i The, 5:

The,

65.

Ferns of New Zealand, 19:

Ferns of North Carolina ca
view) 25:

Ferns of Rorhan Berkshire
County, Mass., 3: 13.

Ferns of Norther New Jersey,
Some, 14: 118.

Ferns of hg eee (Re-
view) 2

Ferns of eo, (Review)
20: 120; 24: 116.

Ferns of rebta Rico, Impres-
sions of the, 5:

Ferns of Rolla, Missouri a pie
liminary list of the, 5:

Ferns of se i aabeds
19: 100; 20: 27.

Ferns of the Transvaal, 1

Ferns of tropical Florida, ene
view) 9: 23.

Ferns of Sapam The, 3:

Kerns of the eng By 8 Val-
; ‘
Ferns of Wyoming, Distribution
of the, 22: 1.
Ferns, One way to grow, 16: 28.
ae. ae poten of, The, 9:

erns, Random notes on, 2: 16.
Ferns, Round about Florida for,
19: 11

Ferns, Seed- bearing, 5
Ferns, Some folk- ae or 24:
10.

Ferns, Some literature on North
ies 1911, 2: 27.

16 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Ferns, Southern California,

yar Se.
sehiks Sones California, The,
5: 97.

Ferns, study of, On the, 1: 53.

Ferns, Success with, 24: 76.

Ferns, pace: A list of, 20;
143; 1, 64.

Piend Vican Additional notes
on, 20: 138.

Ferns, tropical American, Stud-
ies of, (Review) 6: BOS 13s
121.

Ferns, Variation i im, 12: 93.
Ferns, Variation in British, 20:
78

46,

Ferns within one hundred miles
of New York City, (Review)
4: 114,

Field and cae Through,
(Review) 20:

is meeting at pee The,

115.

Be study of ferns, A sugges-
tion on the, 2: 123.

Field trip of American Fern
— at sola s Ferry,
W.

19:
Field ce of yes an Fern
Society . : Willoughy Lake,
t.,; 20:
Filices novae “ieee sine,
(Review) 25
Filicinées du “Gube, Les, (Re-
view) 13
Filix, es use of the name,

Filmy ferns, The Jamaican, 8:
65.
Find, An interesting, 1

de ASt,
Flora of Ohio, siete Epes of
- the, (Review) 19

Flora of Onondaga County, N.
Y., (Review) 5: 117.
Flore de pit La, (Re-
view) 24: 22,
Florula in the ae of Kai-
ato, (Review) 23: 25.
slides tree posits - forest of,

Fossil Dipteridaceae, (Review)
23:

alee gy The study of, 1:

all Notes sur les, (Re-
view) 8: 62.

S220; 10;
pee shield fern, An inter-
ing specimen of,

Pons Forking, in Adiantum
capillus-veneris, 8:

Frosts and the ferns, ee:
2 45

Gametophytic development - of
certain ferns, (Polypodium
vulgare var. occidentale and
Pellaea densa), (Review) 17:
107

Genera of ferns and fern allies,
ey to, (Review) 20: 28.
Genetic analysis of variation 12
the Hart’s tongue, A, (Re
view) 19: i
Gleichenia. in the Hawauan
oe The genus, (Review)
: 67,

Raa s plants from _
nd Portuguese Congo, #9°

Gray Polypody, Notes on the,
1: 83

Hardy ferns, (Review) — .

Hart’s tongue and Holly =
at Owen Sound, Ontario,
Hunting the, 3: 25.

INDEX VOLUMES 1 To 25

Hart’s tongue, At home with
the, 4: 95.

Hart’s tongue conservation
notes, 19: 29.

Hart’s tongue, Distribution of
the, 17: 9

Hart’s tongue in a garden, The,
T: 24

Hart’s tongue in three conti-
nents, The, 23: 63.

Hart’s hanes Is the distribu-
tion and naturalization

Eeicatifiealiy defensible?, 17:

19.

Hart’s tongue plants, What
luck have you had in natural-
izing?, 18: 99.

Hart’s tongue, Saving the, 16:

33.

Bevin fern, A new name for

foc Chilenos del Género
Dryopteris, psn is de los,
Ww) 22: 54,

‘oapee ‘Additions to the, 1:
Henin and its one enemy,

Ss:
Pa, ene list, 1: 28.
Herbarium of George E. Daven-
port, The, 14: oF

Herbarium, Whittier’s 2: 121.
High up, 17: 66.

Hippochaete, Notes on; 72 78:
Hobby, Ferns as a, (Review)

15: 99.

= Sag |
Ri ccteti, aie the way, Col-
lecting,
ybrid, An AE 6: 37.
Hybria — — Some notes
on the ne
a" pnt oe new, 4: 22; 3:

17

Hybrid ferns in Connecticut,
Some, 2: 63.

teytesdice in Selaginella, Evi-
dences of, (Review) 21: 109.

Hybrids in Equisetum, 4: 27.

Hymenophyllaceae from Mada-
gascar, New species of, (Re-
view) 11: 28.

— A glimpse of, 21: 71.
es gee um sinicarum, (Re-

wie

Illinois ae = in relation
soil acidity, Some (Re-

view) 17:
Tavercating. relic a its owner,
14.

eH
=

n,
Interrapted fern, A note on the,
ew) 17: 107.

Ee fern, Fall fruiting

he, 6
Isoetaceae, Y monograph of
ees, (Review) 13: 89.
oetes Chi 7s A1t.
ae Lechleri Mett., 19: 17;
about, 29.

ore
Isoetes, Notes on, 5: 12; 23:
136.
Isoetes, Tropical American, 21:
132.
Items for members, 1: 28.

Jamaican wayside ferns, A Car-
ibbean cruise and some, 17:

5 BO:

Jamesonia, bie new species of,
(Review

Journal for oor we 3: 23.

J pee olysesaneia and its spoils,

cure iniddle, The phytoge-
ography of the, (Review) 24:
18.

18 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Labor day field meeting, report
of, 1926—16: 128; 1928—19:
32; 1929—19: 134,

Lady fern, A crested form of,
9: 86.

Lady fern, Skeletonized, 19: 31.

Lake Rotoiti, (Review) 18: 115.

Latin names, what they mean,

: 5.

American Fern Society, 2:
58.

Lip ferns of the southwestern
United States related to Chei
eM se ie hase The ‘(Re-

ew) 9:

iets peau 23: 37.
eee in America, The
a Be

genus,
Lorquinia, 7: gore.
a du Quebee and
urs formes mineures, Les,
‘hiriavy 15: 98,
Lycopodium flabelliforme, 1:
141

Liyespodium inundatum in the
ite Mou ntains, 1:
Lycopodium lueidulum, k bi-
sporangiate sporophyll of, 13:

123.

Lycopodium prothallia, Four
new stations of, (Review) 15:
21

Lycopodium prothallia in west-
erm Massachusetts, (Review)
167-19,

Lycopodium selago from Ohio,
2: 46,

Lycopodiums of ieee Nts
Observations on som , 2: 49,
Lycopods, Many- ike. ‘1s: 126.

Maidenhair, a belated, 3: 17.
Maidenhair from Peru, A new,
15.

Male fern in Vermont, The, 7:
87.

Marsilea quadrifolia in Maine,
(Review) 11: 90.
Matonidium from Colorado, A
new, (Review) 9: 115.
Maxonia, A new genus of ferns,
(Review) 7: 15.
ow moon nwort, The story
of a, (Review) 18: 95.
Mosquito fern, cee 13: 48
Moss flor

Moss flora of

of Mexico, The

view) 19: :

Moss-leaved foram; The (Re
jew) 14: 90.

Mount Ktaadn, Botanizing 0M,
14: 82.

ie sian ane afloat, Notes of a, 1:
121; , 33,
Seqhrodiom hiripes | Apogamy
n, (Review) oe
Wepirtiegia ee :
gressive variations of reve
sions from the primary bee
secondary sports of, (Review

Bie sche New bud-sports 12,
rag i |
ee isa ae 11: 31.

New fey State fern law, A,
20:

.

Northe ane United States, is
year’s collecting in the,
21

Nokian on birds, orchids, ast
and butterflies of Mt. Ro

INDEX VoLUMEs 1 To 25 19

Montreal, (Review) 1925-
7: 106.
Notes on birds, orchids, ferns,
and butterflies of Quebec,
: 53

Notes on nomenclature, 3: 118
Notes MA sent, (Re-
view) 8

Notholaena Lee and
a related new species, 5: 4.
Notholaena from the Pouciwest,

A new, 7 6,

Obituary
Angell, Anne Sibley (Miss)
16: 129
Atkinson, Petre Francis
(Prof.) 9
Bancroft, a usan pe a

(Prof.) 5:
Bigelow, Henry Clinton (Mr.)
13: 101

Bissell,
(Mr.)
fais Ezra (Dr.) 15:
Britton, Elizabeth aia
Knight (Mrs.) 24: 121.
Britton, 2 a Lord (Dr.)
24:

Cherie Humphrey
15: 101.

Dicks le: Hale (Mr.)
Curl George F. (Mr.)
~ Judith H. (Mrs.) 9:
eee Henry (Mr.) 3: 60.

Davenport, Elizabeth Braxton

Simpson (Mrs.) 24: 122.
Do Pgh Charles Keene (Mr.)

pate Raynal (Mr.) 8: 126;

Draery, Charles T. (Mr.) 7:

Doran, Elias J. (Dr.) 14:

es Elon Howard (Dr.)
24: 53.

Fellows, Dana W. (Dr.) 19:
72.

nh James H. (Mr.) 16:

condi Francis (Rev.) 14:

Gon Lucy Lenora Hutch-

, (Mrs.) 13: 102

Hans, mete Joseph (Mr.)

saan ak Georg (Dr.) 12:
31.

Holeombe, Charles Henry
(Dr). 41: GB,

oe Ella Louise (Mrs.) 19:

es Ella J. C. (Mrs.) 7:
97.

ert Joseph (Mr.) 14:

a nney, ag Francis
(Judge) 14: 62.

ps io panei Cs: (Mr)

Knight Ora Willis (Prof.)

5.

Kanto, Frank Hall (Dr.)
17:

ently “Konneth Bradford

(Mr.) 1

Lincoln, a W. (Miss)
12: 30.

Lorenz, Annie (Miss) 17:
141

Marshall, Mary Alice (Miss)
: 67.

20 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

MeColl, W. R. (Mr.) 23: 35,

ceria George K. (Mr.) 18:
Manger Edwin Holmes (Dr.)
: 63.
Soy Mary Adam (Mrs.)
15: 129
Overacker, Minnie L. (Miss)
:Mawaxd

Pile (Dr. 4:
143.

Palmer, T. Chalkley (Mr.)
24: 54,

Parker, Anna D. (Mrs. J.
A) 19s 72.

Penrose, Clement B. (Mrs.)
14: 27.

Perrine, Lura L, (Miss) 10:
63.

Pringle, Cyrus Guernsey, 1;
114.

apes Louise W. (Miss)

sft, William E, (Dr.) 16:

se William (Mr.) 18: 37,
try, Emily Hitcheock
(Mrs.) 11: 93,

kes: Peapeeg Turner (Mrs.)

Waar, seeds William
(Mr.) 2

Old ‘Aelds, Fresh pleasures from,

ora ‘ets More pleasures from,

Bs pete an:
tusilobat

Onis soars and slender
pia Outings for; 2:
119,

forma ob-

Onychium, Has the genus any
representative in South Amer-
ica? 20: 129.

seocrevepiateen budding from a

> 64.

Peoa gas Engelmanni in
issouri, 4:
Ophioglossum Engelmanni,

Not > 43.

Me Nese heataeeee Ckl.
not an Ophioglossum, (Re-
view) 14: 91.

Ophioglossum, more about the

5: 113

The supposed
ew) 16: 56.
shugo is “yaleabaile Does
require ten years fr oe
8s to first green leaf?,

Baga
Ophioglossum vulgatum, What
is the habitat of ? 4: 121.

Osmunda Giaytonienk: sor
De.

Mackiana, 12:

Pala or mule’s-foot fern oe
Hawaii, The, (Review) 9: Be
Pellaea, A new Western pes

: oe
a ag eee atropurpur
: , An gene study
ve nee ferns, 16: —
Pellaea atropurpurea Lin
peculiar form of, 4: 97.

nk
Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Li

INDEX VoLUMEs 1 To 25 at

and Pellaea glabella Mett. ex
Wied ts

Kuhn,

Pellae a: Further notes on, 8:

Pellaca glabella, An BELSON.
mages of range for, (Re-
view) 1

Pellaea elabella and its western

segregates, 11: 75.
Pellaea ok Mett. a distinct

species?, 7
Pellaea microphylla Mett. ex
8: 104.

0
species of, (Review) 8: 57.
Pellaea rafaelensis, sp. nov., 5:
107.
The status

ear aaa

Peso Aid eta ge
w) 1

n, (Revie
icntarts cee “Re
generation in, (Review) 9: 27.

Cepia meeting, re 5:

aa conservation laws, New,
16: 59; 23:

Plant names, common = sci-
entific, (Review)

Plant names, faces (Re-
view) 14:

Plantae Sinens Dre. H.
Smith annis Die eetan,
(Review) 15: 63.

Plants from Angola and Portu-
guese Cones, Mr. John Goss-
Weiler’s, (Review) 25: 132

Plant ts of Picci nys, The (Re-

View

16.
Plants ae by the Hoh and
Ste Indians, (Review)
: 135.

“eileen en oe El généro,
(Review) 22:

“ Polyembryony in certain poly-
LSt 12a

podiaceous ferns
Polypodiaceae Vaidhanensa
Kwangsi, Annotationes et cor-
rigenda ad Wu, Wong et
Pong: (Review) 25: 12.
Polypodium ealifornicum Kaulf.,
A study of variation in, 13:

75.
Polypodium from Mexico, A

new, 17: 91.

Polypodium from Vermont, A
new, 11: 46.

Polypodium lanceolatum in
North singe seas The group of,
(Review) 1

Polypodium con ee A
physiological and anatomical
study of the leaves of, (Re-
view) 14: 88.

ad aneg speluncae L., A
question of checkin. 3:

odium subtile and a re-

lated species, Note on, 5: 50.

souks het L. var. auri-
illd 5

palgyoniie ulgar var.
Churchiae Gilbert, . Poly-
podium?, 23:

Foye atnar in Great
Britain

Polypodina las in Maine,

i:
Polypodium vulgare in North

h 2: 63.
Polypodium vulgare, On the

a doops position of, (Re-
: 99.

+ os as from tropical
America, New, 7: 33.

22 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Polypody, The, 6: 119.

Polystichum Andersoni and re-
lated species, 8: 33.

Polystichum Braunii, The east-
ern American variety of, (Re-
view) 18: 59.

filncnnas og British Co-

: 116.

ee feoah Calter, A

new, (Review) 9: 26.

Preservation of new forms of
erns, Concerning the, 4: 24.

Prothallia and antheridia from
the sex organs of Polypodium
sepianie: The development of,
(Review) 12: 58.

Prothalli, Culture media for

0

n, 11: 30.

seins of ee vir-
ginianum, 21: 140.

Prothallia of Camptosorus, 5:
a;

Prothallia of pe a tide in
America, 13: 122.
Prothallia of Ophioglossum and

otrychium, The, 5: 58,
Prothallium and a ogamous
embryo in Pellaea glabell

Mettenius, Development of,

(Revi 6: 54.
Psilogramme, North American
Obser-
vaclones sobre, (Review) 24:
48.

Pteridophyta collected by J. F.
Rock, Asiatic, (Review) 21:
110.

Pteridophyta in scientific survey
of Porto Rico and the Vir irgin
Islands, (Review) 16: 124,

Pteridophyta, Notes on Arkan-

14: 33.

acca) Ne Antigua, (Re-
ew) 2
Piritophyt| ot the aretie re-
gio Th 65.

g,
Pharidoptivta - mee
e, (Review) 25

Pteridophyta of Okiahoms
Notes on the, 17:

oro di of the pei

water-shed in Massachu-

ae ‘heck list of the, (Re-

or.

vie
Pteritophyt of the Island of
, (Review) 20: 150.
iesltjsns, cnet 9: 17, 50,
81.

ecological
(Re-

Pteridophytes, An
survey of Hawaiian,
view) 9: 117. :

Ptéridophytes nord-Americains,
Sur quelques, (Review) 22:

95.
Pteridophytes, Notes on some
Ontario, 24: 79.
Pteridophytes of Muskogee
County, Oklahoma, 23:
ncagescugs f North Carolina
re r distribution, Some

SL.
Rat ier of Northwestern
_— An annotated list of

Pteridphyes of Northwestern
sobape on the, 5: 33.

an Diego

County, Ca site rnia, The, 22:
3 . Further notes 02, 23:

Pte ariieokyins of the Juan Fern
Pi _ The, (Review)

Wie of the north pare
of Lake ere: Notes
the, 3: 38; 4

INDEX VOLUMES 1 To 25 ao

Pteridophytes of the Western
Catskills, Some, 14: 85.

Pteridophytes, The distribution
ty) outhern California, 12:
Oe, 204s Ja: 2d.

Pteridrys,. A new fern genus
from tropical Asia, (Review)
25: 135.

Pteris, The type species of, (Re-
view) 13: 120.

Queries and hints for the fern
oys and girls, 6: 57

Range-extensions and other ob-
Servations, 1931-32, 22: 79.

Rarities, Some Adirondack, 17:
37

Regeneration and induced poly-
te in ferns, (Review) 22:

SCS fern, Habits and
habitats . the North Ameri-
can, 11:

Rock on and ees plants,

Root-stoeks of et broadleaf
Spinulose ferns, The, 14: 46;
20: 117.

**Roraima Sg 7? Goebel’s,
(Review) 22:

Royal fern, ak oe the leaves
of the, 22: 100,

Royal fern, Rudimentary spor- *

angia on the, (Review) 13:
94,

Salvinia in Minnesota, 11: 48.
Salvinia, new, from the Eocene,

A Review) ‘
Sanctuaries, Plant, 11: 108.
8 Mountai

untain, Alabama, A ~
2

Schizaea pusilla at Toms river,
6:16.

ee Hee in its natural
rroundings, 3: 11.
Soseanten vet Saving the,
24:

65.

Seolopendrium vulgare J. E.
mith, Data on, 15: 90.
oribaraiies vulgare Sm.,

Notes on, 14: 102.

Scott’s Sal Geek A new sta-
tion for, 6: 116:

Scott’s Splemvor in 1 Alabama,
Hunti 2: 76.

Sele otciees in New
State, The Lalor status of,
(heview) > 59.

Scott’s eek in Tennes-
see, 9,

Second year, The, 24: 43.

Seed verus sorus, 19: 102.

Selaginella, regs of hy-

allies of, (Revi

23.
catia ta age from the Western
— New, (Re-

vie zn 11: 88.
Shield-ferns, Generic names com-
monly applied to our, 17: 117.
Simplest fern in existence, The
9: 48.

— for the ieleeageta of
wild, The, 10: 115.

oe sie honaten tes of three
Adder’s- ie «ge 9

Soil reactions ak. certain rock

rns, 4

Soil reactions of the ferns of

woods and swamps, The, 11: 5.

Soils, Hydrogen-ion reaction of

YOrk «°

24 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

native Indiana fern, (Review)
23: 24

Southern Appalachians, A visit
; 33
Spicilegium pteridographiae
Asiae orientalis, (Review)
3: 2

Spinulose ferns, Problems in the
study of the, 1

Spores of some northeastern
ferns, Studies on the, 25: 73.

Staining at an of ferns,
A method for, 9

Aone plant names, Cata-

logue of, 12:
Suburban fern ied. A AVS 52,

arin and Karewha Island,
51,
Milt augescens, The quest

aes ‘hes A study
of, (Review) 20: 26.

Tree-ferns, A forest of forked,
19; 41.

Tree-ferns in Porto Rico, (Re-
view) 17: 104.

Tree-ferns : ale The, (Re-
view) 7:

Pane Pee
station for, 7: 51.
Trip, An interesting, 11: 86.
Troubles of a novice, 23: 49,

A new

Variation among the x by
of a fertile sport of the Bos

ferns, (Revi K

Varieties, Artificial, under nat-
ural conditions, (Review) 14:
a7.

Vermont, The fern lover’s para-
dise, 2: 83.

Vertikalen Verbreitung de
arne in den Gebirgen von
nas Zur, (Review) 18:

Poe ses A remarkable

OB,
Poke. a notes of 1930,

21: 117.

Washington pea: of the so-
ciety, The, 15

Way it works, The | 23:

West Virginia locality a the
southeastern relative “s Wood-
sia scopulina, The,

dene owers, How to save “the,

2.

ary
&

a plant conservation in Con-
necticut, A suburban state,

Willoughby Lake ee
date for the title be ae
fern locality,’’ 9: 107.
ee Desert
es f,
ve Cae The pee A
= 10:
Woodsins of Quechee, The,
23. ;
Woodwardia csi a, the trave
ing fern, 19 :
Wontearas peOe Rang
of,

Woolly. liptern Observations 0?

the, 16:

World ’s mee curiosity, The,
18: 28.

21:

Xerophytie ferns, Notes 0?,
49

. . he
Yosemite, Roughing it to the,
2; 107.

INDEX VOLUMES 1 TO 25 25

3. GEOGRAPHIC INDEX

a REGIONS

: 65.
some ihe gzort )
Re 121, 123:
ae 24; 5: 131.
eel AMERICA penshage,
. . 53:1

obo: 4:

23, 24; 11: 75, 88; 15: 47;
16: 1, 81; 19: 101; ‘an: 125;
24: 33,

ALABAMA
1: 49; 4: 15; 7: 51, 105;
8: 73; 9: 56, 67, 102, 119;
1 ei,

3: 109; 5: 2, 7: 105; 8: 94,
107, 116; Sot; tt: "35, 81,
89; 22: "134, 23: 96; 25:
54,
ARKANSAS
14: 33, 39; 21: 128; 22:
ais 24: 01,
Daresics
a: Uke ot, 82, 104 >) 2: 18,

1; 25: 86, 89, 90, 91,

osm
6.73, 01: 9: 3, 115:; 84: 35

13: 73; 18: 20; 19: 95.

2: 24, 63; 3: 22,
53; rs 122; a 43, 115; 6:
a : 90 110 10
ie 109% ee 9,96; 18:
. 52, 56; 14: 60, 96; 16:
122, 124; 185-21 5° 212 76
Die wise
1022.

?

DIsTRICT OF COLUMBIA
9: 38; 13: 97; 15:32; 17:
19, 24, 52
FLORIDA
1: 45, 51; 2: 1; 4: 65; 6:
39, 42, a 68; 8: 93; 9: 23;
: gi 6; 14:
i< ae 15: 66; 18: 80; 19:
113: 21: 129; 22: 57, 94;

i
heal
RY

“
i *
“we
e
iM)

im

Eiiliaa

4: 97; 6: 50; 7: 3, 112; 8:
97; 11: 114; 12: 10; 15:
65- 17: 16; 18:15; 97; 21:
127; 22: 48, 182; 23: 24, 39,
52; 24: 116.

OwA

8: 97; 15: 65; 16: 90; 17:
15, 96, 113; 18: 15, 95, 97;
21: 128, 140; 23: 39, 102.

26 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

KANSAS
S: 71: 16: 78, 01; 18: 2h.
6, 50

L?: ey 136; 19: 58; 22:
46; 23: 113; 25: i7, 123,
Pee,
: 16; 11: 34; 17: 105; 19:
126; 22: 47,
MAINE
1: 7, 100; 4: By Gay a 13, 44;

123; : 135; 23; 67,9
—
10021; 1355 145 2, ore 12:
. L .

ns BI
127; 14: 46, 57, 67, 92;15:
19, 21, 125; 16: 26, 5 E 19:
7, 10 - 140; = O75
23: 59; : 28, 52, 76, 88,
91, 109; io 69, 120,

MIcHIGAN

6:

; 13: 44, 94; 16: 25,
45, 83; ‘17: 44; 21: 127;
; 2B: 21,

Minwbsces

11: 48; 13: 124; 16: 87;
Zi:
Mississterr

1

isboins
4: 66; 5: 105; 6: 44, 112;
7 SO ity 52: 16:

MonTANA
7: 125; 8: 90; 10: 2; 89, Oh
11: 37, 81, 89; 13: 74;
66.

NEBRASKA

22: 28; - 91, 93; 25: 123.
NEW cas

12
22, 95, 99, 12
114 ; . 25: 105, 136, 137.

24, 98, 104; 25: 59.

INDEX VOLUMES 1 TO 25 it

OHIO
ses at Bs = °. Ae) Gr 116;
9: 86; re ay
44, 102, ae. 18: "98; 19:
26s) 212-765 220 2b. 166:

Fenian
104; i. BOs 172: 1253 48%
61; 20: 120; 22: 23, 47; 23:
91, 94; 24: 115

OREGON
5: 2; 7: 106; 8: 16, 17, 93;
9: 1, 93, 103; AOD Tt a;

0 al
34, 35, 37, 107; 12: 125; 19:
79.

PENNSYLVANIA
At 4,101, 187, 188;. 3: 17,
92; B: tie oui yg ats
67, 114; 8: 12> 19
90, 119; ji: nM; 13: 16, 4,
12 $50;-437

#2 84; 1h: Bis 282. 6,
TENNESSEE
16: 57; 17: 95; 19: 100; 20:
27, 143; 21: 11, 64, 75, 130;
22: 46, 85; 23: 27, 98; 24:
33, 36
TEXAS
5: 6; 8: 93, 107; 9: 2, 5,
ii; 50, Sl; 18: 73; 1b 14,
19; 16: 107; pk 63, 77; 20:
138; 21: 128; 22: 47; 24:
2
Utan
7: 87, 106, 108; 8: 93; 9:
72; 11: 82; 16: 27, 98.

VERMONT
13 22,78, 79, 118, 142; 2:
49, 83, 93, 124; 3: 57, 88,
94; 4: 26, 115; 5: 31, 45;
6G: 18) 1265-756, 18:87, 05;
bf ? 60; 9: b 0 3

23, 59, 91; 11:

1b: 5a
108; 17: 108, 135; 18: 80;
5 ot aes: 134; 20: 32; 23:

IN
7: 4, 64; 13: 131; 16: 89;
18: o. 30: 2: Sit 186;
23: 28; 24: 119.

N
7: 84, 86; 8: 92; 11: 37,
81; 16: 57; 18: 16; 22: 1
134

ALASKA

1: 65; 7: 122; 8: 36; 11:
106; 18; 121.

28 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Sigeet ee
a
at lot
BRITISH CoLUM
He BE aes 3 Fe ~ 7: 85, 122;
9: 94, 122; 11: 3,

Dit 4,
37, 92; 13: 73; 17: 23; 21:
74,
Nova Scorra
13: 07

ONTARIO

3: 25, 38; 4: 68; 5: 33, 41;
8: 18, 38, 76; 12: 29; 13:
97; 14: 104; 15: 90; 19:

; >
49, 59; 20: 18; 24: 79, 92,
LOE:

QUEBE
a2 ae 13: 118; 14: 18,
91, 110; 15: 87, 98; 17:
106; 18: 24, 58, 127; 19:
59, 100; 22: 53, 58; 25: 125,
Sickincee: AN
16:24.

52, 57, "58, 87, 8
CENTRAL AMERICA
URAS

, 82; 16: 8s. 18: i,
ss “1; 22: 136; 23° a
<0; ql
Guireice
9: ee 24: 23; 25: 56, 58.
PANAmM
is io, 122; 2: 21; 9
16: 112; 17: 1, 9, 46, %

18: 4, 6; 19: 46; 21: 136,
138; 24: 72

WEST INDIES, ETC.
: 129; 25:

BERMUDA
po eds 5 EE

40,75, 28; 4: 773.7: 38
> 44 46; 13: 120;
16: 9 ;
HISPANIOLA (HAITI AND
SANTO DOMINGO)
2: 65; 11: 89; 13: 121; 14
74, 89, 90; 15: 69, 107; 17:
107; 19: 48; 20: 150.
JAMAICA
5: 51; 7: 16, 36; 8: 65; 17:
<a 46, 86, 106; 18: 46, 47,
9; 19: 99; 20: 65; 22: 11;
136.

oa

Porto Rico
2: 33; 5: 79; 14: 100; 15:
= 16 124; 17: 104.

TRINIDAD
4: 81; 14: 101;
VirGin ISLANDS
2: 97; 16: 124.

20: 2, 4,

SOUTH AMERICA ‘
5: 118; 7: 107; 11: 31; 1%
90; 17: 9, 46; 20: 129; 22
19

ARGENTINA

24: 48,
Boutvi

4: 8 22: 129,
Bra

1: oe 22: = 23: 106.
BritisH GUIA

4: 80; 15: pi 19: 45.

136.

INDEX VoLUMEs 1 TO 25

6: 91; 11: 31; 20: 52; 21:

74; 22: 54, 133; 25: 102.
COLOMBIA

5 al 19: 17; 21: 132; 24:
Ecua

21: are 23: 130,
PERU

1: 94; 23: 105, 108; 24:
15.

‘Ses oimye
fecaay 22t 129.
ious

FRANCE

8: 23; 9: 58; 20: 106; 24:
49.

GERMANY

OS Bs 6S: 313 am Ate
; SL; 2

foot:
So
oO
™“
—
ie.)
bo
~]
ad
i
So

i
A 206; 21: 144; 29: 53,

Tomuax

ris
SWITZERLAND
19: 60; 20: 106.
AFRICA (inel, Mapacascar)
* 44; 11: 28; 16: 56; 20:
65; 24: 22; 95:1

ASIA (exe. Pactric ISLANDS)

: 95; 18: 122; 19: 99; 20:
0.

29

23; 20: 41, 68; 23: 25;
2bt- 135:

15: 63; 17: 111; 21: 24,

13: 935: 22: 132,
INDOCHINA
25:

KorEA
8. oO 46 17.
SIBERIA
iS oe
AUSTRALIA
a7: 66; hy oo, Go 10:
104; 20:

gen ISLANDS -

eee ] 25: 12.
East INDIES
9: 48

seo IsLAND

: 16; : a 9: 59,
117; 12: 58: 17: 107; 20:
A 25: 103.

ey ge ; 23: 25, 64; 24: 18.

rey ee gl 64, 98; 18: ae
i nis a

8, 75: aS 26, be 25: 107.
PHILIPPINE ISLA

4 iy 83; 6: net en 72,
TAHT

ae 89.

30 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

4. TAXONOMIC INDEX

S index comprises chiefly names of living ferns, but a few
fossil ia and fern parasites are included. As a guide to spell-
ing, C. Christensen’s Index Filicum has been followed whenever
cep however, epithets derived both from the names of per-

ns and from earlier proper names are capitalized. When a spe-
cies has been subdivided but no category is indicated in connection
with the third epithet, the abbreviation « ss. for Se is here
inserted, i m are corre

5
res
m
ey
oO
B
a
io
oS
i¢
<
r)
Hy
al
ra°)
ct
Bebe,
a)
=}
a
<4
rt)
a
ne
oO
cr
ms
se
B
Ru

type, except when the new combination was made wholly inad-

vertently or in a mere list of plants in a garden, ete.

Acrostichum, 1: 105. bellum, 1: 119; 2: 16, 18.
aureum, 1: 122, 133; 2: 39, bellum (v.) Saeee 2:

; :
2; 19: 118; 25: 39. Capillus-Veneris, 1: 39, 45,
danaeaefolium, 17 18 75, 82; 2: 14, 39; 3: 56,
12; 19: 118; 25: 38 96; 5: 10, 70, 103; 6: 2,
excelsum, 1: 46; 2: 17; 12: 47, 78, 114; 7: 56, 79; 8
48, 53; 15: 72, 60, 61, 74, 75; 9: 53, 85;
Lindeni, 22: 12, 13. 27, 68; 11: 10, 117;
oligarchicum, 21: 139. 12: 52, 116; 13: 18; 1
Thelypteris, 17: 118. 21, 123; 15: 107; 16: 20;
viviparum, 20: 130, 131. 17 p 1875 Ae a.
Sebi asplenioides sp 17, S19, ang fod 1
nov., vik 45 3 Zl: 64,: 107; : -
part artg 22: 11 5 MAE es OO
97; 25: 4, 40, 64, 123.
paupereula, 22: 15 Canine vy. ? ty (£.) _cris-
Adiantum, 1: 106; 2: 44; 3 and bases of

atum f. nov., 9: 27; 12:

11G? 21: :
caudatum, 1: 45; 17: 48.

95; 19: 20: 63, 75; 24:

15; 25: : 54; 24: 98.
sien 21: 137, sens ic typicum, 20:
weit 18: 32; 20: 7.
am > 58. siaecme 7: 37, 44; 16: 58.
ei ps a nov., 24: 15, 17. cordatum sp. noy., 21: 136,
andicola, 16: 58. 138.

INDEX VOLUMES 1 TO 25 31

Adiantum, continued.

cristatum, 1: 75, 133, 135; 2:
Sir 7:..44-°15: pes 15: 77,

5.
44; 12: 85; 14:
52; 15: as ‘17: 88.

euneatom (v.) California, 12:

oe 7: 44.
denticulatum, 2: 44.
dilatatum, 24: 98.
iphyllum comb. nov., 21:
137, 138.
emarginatum, 1: 39; 5: 102;
: 116

12: 116; 22: 41; 23: 79;
24: 2, 98.
latifolium, OP 45s AT:
oe um, 1: 12 6; ATs Ss 283
marophston, aE 70s 7. 453
13

melanoleveum, 1 ahd 136; 5:
2 be 72;

3 ;
77, 114; 17: 88.
AeRAaee B: 70; 20:..138,
141,

obliquum, 2: 44; 18; &,
Pearcei, 20: 55; 22: 133.

119; 6: 2, 46, 51, 103, ia

109, 111, 128; 7:56; 65;

1025-12: oth "128, 129; 14:
21: a 108,
ee 4 25:
eon (£.) Bilingsse, ¢
ov., 19: 56,
surg (v.) laciniatum stat.
Vs 2: 15.

pla

Poiretii,

gpvrdnna ss 1: 75; 7: 45;
: 52.

plsraentm (v.) caudatum,
: 4b.
Eyiahsi 20

: 54.
sulphureum, 20: 54.
tenerum, 1: 75; 2: 17, 39, 81,

Se As 785 7: 45;

eaten 24: 97; 25: 93.

32 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

se alee continued. blechnoides, 9: 8.
villosum, 1: 75, 134, 136; 2: borinquena sp. nov., 15: 56.
108; 12: “ 15: 115; 18: 8. Cooperi, 20: 75.
Wilsoni, 21: 138. gibbosa, 15: 57.
etoptorat 10: 88; 17: 121. pi 20: 68, 69.
acrostichoides comb. nov., sp. nov., 15: 55, 56.

10: 88. Par re
aculeatum comb. nov., 10: mieweds onta, 18: 9.

88. shydanduiiied 12: 48, 49.
Braunii comb. nov., 10: 88. nitida, 15: 57.
californicum comb. nov., 10: phitaatiolpis: 4: 21.

88. phegopteroides, 4: 21.
Lemmoni comb nov., 10: 88. aria: o ar St; 7-7
Lonchitis comb. nov., 10: 88.
munitum comb nov., 10: 89; idee 9: 116,

12: 101. tenerifrons, 18: 8.
scopulinum comb. nov., 10: Wrightii, 1: 136.

89; 12: 102. ee a 44 10.

Aleicornium, 11: 98, 102. angustifolius, 17: pe ‘18: 13.

Allosorus acrostichoides, 19: 39. Anapausia,

iis 02:
Anchistea virginica,

andromedaefolius, 12: 4:90; %
auratus, 20: 131, 13; 9: 24, 41, a) 10: 117;
capensis, 20: 13 S: 412;
crispus, 20: 113. Anchistea save gee also
' erispus (ss.) acrostichoides, Woodwardia.
19: 39. Anemia (Ancinia), 1: 41, 42,
cuspidatus, 20: 133. 76 03:95:74, 2.
densus, 8: 116. adiantifolia, 1: 2, 47, 76; 2:
formosus, 8: 107. 5, 75; 6: 83;. 7: 8%, 993
melanolepis, 20: 133. 12: 48, 53; 15: 114; 19
mucronatus, 12: 106, 113, 114, 118; 25
ornithopus, 12: 106. aurita, 1: 41, 42.
BER an 8: 107. coriacea, 1: 41, 42.
Allosorus, see also Crypto- cuneata, 12: 53.
gra hirsuta, 7: 37, 49; 9: 1; ae
Atop, E 4554: 21; 2.11 112; 88.
2; 15: 54, 55; 17: humilis, 9:

a 19: 54; 20: mexicana, 1: “42; aT.
134, nips eénsis, sp. nov., 1: 41, 4
armata, 13: 121; 22: 100. 3.

aspera, 15: 57, slongfol e 2 Lo
australia 18: 32; 20: 75. pastinae

bipinnatifida, 15: 56. phylliti ais, ie: Pe 15: 111.

INDEX VOLUMES 1 To 25 oe

Aneimia, continued.
portoricensis, 1: 42.

speciosa, 1: 42.
isan dont: ibe 76s
ABs 345:

‘eae aa 1310955: 87;
Anetium ales

Hepat Lit 32:18:13,
a il: 102; 20: 66,

ie AL: 1005719: c753; 20:
67.

Anisosorus hirsutus, 15: 111.
Anogramma chaerophylla, 15:
: : 50.

Anopteris aha 2: 18.
hexagona, 7: 44; 15: 107.
eiced 1; 72; 2: 44; 21:

74,
nanum, 1: 72,
parvulum, 1:

te
Williamsi sp. nov., 1: 72, 73,
74.

Arthrobotrya, 22: 16.
25:

125; 20: 29; 24: 87; 2b:
101.
acrostichoides, 4: 4; 24: 24.
aculeatum, 3: 55; 4: 3, 4, 5.

aculeatum (y.) angulare, 3:
55

aculeatum (y.) Braunii, 3:
5

3 4: 2,
aculeatum ai. inadvert, Vv.)
scopulinum, ; 12:

; :

anomophyllum, 20: 51.

Wiariags (v.) microp-
teris, 20: 52.

argutum, 1: 39; 12: 76.
3.

snlitenntgeis, 10: : 88,
campylopterum, 20: 118.
caryotideum, 20: 50.
cicutarium 20: 4,
intonianum x intermedium,

oa. 4: 603-5: 902-6:
, o 431605; Bie Be.
12h s DOB 76.77 5 Oe So,
89. 14: 9; 87; 17:-125; 18
89, U1Ts..22: 101; 23:64:

; 98; 90, 91.
cristatum (ss., v.) Clintoni-

8: 83,125;
:. 89;

So 10b 2 3 24
cristatum x Goldianum, 18: 93.
cristatum x marginale, 5: 32;

9: 35, 73, 76,.77; 18%. 93.
cristatum x spinulosum, 18: 93.

eurylobum

Filix-femina, 25: ‘127.

0; 22: 138;
; 24: 90, 91; 25: 127.

fragrans, 1: 114; 6: 57; 8:
+ 10: 50; 14: 117;

34 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Aspidium rong s, contd.
16: 128; 18: 105, 111; 19:

33; 24: =
vlaisaum, 3: 120; 4: 60;
6: 109, 111, 126, 128; 8:

Goldianum (v., f.) celsum, 3:
9.
Goldianum x marginale, 18:
93.

haleakalense, 6: 57.

intermedium, 14: Oy 22: 101.
laserpitiifolium, 13: 1
chitis, 593 272 123

91; 14: 9, 87; 16: 52; 1
102, 132; 18: 88, 101, 107,
3 19: 50; 20

marginale x spinulosum (y.)
intermedium,

molle, 1: 45, 77.

munitum, 10: 89; 12: 101,

munitum (ss., inadvert.) im-
bricans,

nevadense,

noveboracense, 4 3; SF 89;

10, 112, 128; 8; 125;
7

og test Fags, 23: 60; Bf
88,

noveboracense te fragrans,
6: 8:
mpveborascnss 7) Begs

: 94,
paten 72; 9: 84; 12: 76.
9

72.
ielteas ne inadvert.) argu-

um, 3: 96; 12
rivulorum, 20: 55
simulatum, 8: 12 5; 9
35, 73, 77, 79, 80; 12: 18;
: 22;.20: 8 0;
24: 88, 91
ae at 4: 4, 60;

L1G;
spinulosum (v.) concordi-
anum ‘

spinulosum (ss., V-) 6:
edium, 4: 60; 6: 128; 1

147; 22: 116; 23: 61; ; 2:

, 90. aa

ecm x eristatum,

an 4: 60; 5: 895 s
103, 110, 111, 112, ee
21, 83, 99, 110, 125; 9: 4,

INDEX VOLUMES 1 TO 25 35

apie Thelypteris, contd.
, 121; 10: 36;
18: 88,

b ?
wy 8, 87; 17: 103;
1I2;. 20:20, 21, 84, 145;
22: ‘101, 115; 23: 60, 116;
23: 60, 116; 24: 90, 91.

Thelypteris (ss., f.) Pufferae,
ys BA

ana 1: 135; 6: 69, 70,
8.
i Si

8
Dryopteris, Nephrodium,
i Polystickum,

Asplenium, 1: 106; 3: 47, 53,
» 57, 90, 102, 104; 4: 41,

20; 7: 37; 8: 1, 53; 9 A
113.214: 102; 15: 47, 51, 53,
b4;16:. 28-17: ’
54, 60; 20: 9, 63, 75; 22
» 8, 54, 114; ays

183 2
3482107; 118, 119; 25:

aerostichoides, 1:79, 80,815
14

4; 3 5: 109,

119; 6; 52, 1s; 8: ah 101,

; 10: 14:

87; 16: 135, 18: s, ie:

112; 21: 11; 22: 101; 23:
60; ‘ea: 88.

Anya (B, Vv.) serra-

um, 0,
srotichoids i f. stat.
v.) thelypteroides, 1: 80,

Sdiantam-nigeom 1; 45; 4:
23; 14: 52; 15: 48; 20:
113.

alatum, i
alternans, Mi 110; 16: 106.

a a ea a fe 2: sat

biscaynianum, 18: 42; 25:
42.
Bradleyi, 1: 49, 50, 138, 139;
Boy oe, 108, 210, ‘317,
TZ 1IS: 62 2, 47, 114: 7:
OL; 8: 4; 3.75: 9: 40; 10

34, 98
63, 123, 124, 125.
es x montanum, 265:

bahiteram, ry 100; 18: 33,
ee ga laxum, 17:

65.
Ceterach, 20: 113, 114.
+ E18,

congestum, 24: 87, 128.
eristatum, 5: 81; 12: 51; 15:
2; 25: 44,

sristelenie, 18: 94; 19; 187;
21: 18, 29, 31, 65; 22: 113;

36

Aone hele ae cont ’d.
¥e-20, (79,
a. ek “" a,
cryptolepis (v.) ohionis, 18:
94,

uneatum, i:

39, 40, 75; 4: 85;
7: 43; 12: 51; 15: 77, 114;
19: 114, 115, 216.
dimidiatum, 15: 114
ebeneum, 6: 41, 42, 103; 8
5s

2 ; :
23: 22, 58; 24: 47, 87, 90,
, 128.
ebeneum (yv.) Hortonae, 2:
eheneum ) Sorgigares 13:
13; 14: 14, 15, 95; 6

ae (v.) sortatuia.. 14:
Ly

reese 1: 85, ae 148; 2:
8

wee
~
ve)
w
we

» 04, 55, 57, 58, 129, 123;
= 39.

erosum, 2: 81.

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

faleatum, 17: 100; 207-7,

10.

Filix- Seiten 2: 86.87, pa
3: 7, 14, 16, 55, 93; 4: 4,
19, 58, 115;..5: 109, ik
119; 6: 52, 109, 111, 128;

4:
90; 25: 102, 127.
ae femina (v.) angustum,

: 54.
Pil femina (v.) Michauxii,
> 54.
tel femina (v.) polyclados,
2:
Sma: 6: 43, 69, 70, 71, 72,
78.
flabellifolium, 19: 54.
flabelliforme, 18:
flabellulatum, 15: 107, et
sige pt 18: 32, 53, 54; 1
eshte 10: 90, 91; 20:
13, 114.
formosum, 1: 76, 126; 2: 81;
a8.
sete: 7: 43; 17: 86.

germanicum, o
Gisfingianien (hort. “g8.) s

16: 49, 50, 97; 17: a
19: i 135; 20: 24, #9

24: 34.
Hallii, fs 47.

INDEX VOLUMES 1 TO 25 S7

Asplenium, es
hemionitis, 1 =
heterochrdum, 6: 75% 123,51 =
5 a8, es 25: 42.
Hoo sete 18: 117.
Soca num (v.) Colensoi,
117.

~ahbaden 20: 134.

laetum
lam lites LT? 655-20; 7.

3,
inclaorachin, 16: 58.
membranifolium sp. nov., 24:

18, 84, 88, 140, 141;
16, 109; 24: 33, 34 36, fe
25: 6, 12

2, .
montanum x pinnatifidum, 22:
84

monteverdense, 1: 76; 15:
1 2

17:3

oblongatum, 19: 47.
obtusatum, 18: 54; 20: 58.
obtusifolium, 9: 8; 24: 74,
Palmeri, 3: 109; 11: 105,

106
parvulum, 3: 110; 4: 65; 5

parvulum ss.) grinidee.

tatum, 3: 109.
pinnatifidum, 1: 49, 50, 102,
11S; 2:93; S: 90,93; 4:
4

2, 3, 56, 75; 9: 40, 44;

10: 17, 22, 47, 51, 52, 66,

70, 71, 73, 85, 119, 120; 11:
1 , 107;

a, 134, 135, 136, 138, 140;
; 19: 135,

is, Po 20: 24, 5, 123;
22: 23, 2; 23:

oh x 116; 24: 33, a 35;
eee x Bradleyi, 13:
106.
pinnatifidum x platyneuron,

22:
platyneuron, is 62, — 2:

108;
71; 11: 14, 83; 12: 65, 96;
13: 7, 9, 13, 106, 112, 119;

38

apenas platyneuron, contd.

111; 25: 4, 42, 76, 78, 79,

103.
platyneuron (v., f.) Hortonae,
; 24: 84.
platyneuron (v., f. stat. nov.)
proliferum, 14: 14; 23: 16.
siping (ss., suativeet: j V-)
incisum, 2: 86; 7: 14; 10:
73; a "96,
pintyacusen (ss. inadvert., v.,
cs serratum, 2: 86; 6: 52;
fEy Et 1d, AS 7 Be.
i 122; aes 126: 22; 113;
23: 16,
retest 7:43; 16: 111,
23. 16: 57.
oo tot 107; 112.
sp. nov., 19: 46

a a2: 51s 16458:

pyenocarpon, 6: 48; 7; 15;
8: 101; 11: 10; 22: 114;
23: 114,

ee 2: 81.
regulare 0.
eres S: 3103" 5s 78. 7”

SSL) 20:
48, 51, 53; 17; 82, 128; 18:

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

635195" 145; pi 119; 20:
; 23:

—_
Ts
Do +
to
pas
fe
or Ss
_

, 62, 64, 125.
rhizophoru ee "81.

8 =e hylham, 6: 69, 78; 10:

nope (v.) myriophyl-

paptuel: oh
gets sia a on 148; # 86,

—"
oO
Or

wee
es

, % 4
salicifolium, 5: 81; 12: 51;
15: 108, 1
Seelosii, 6: 57. ik
aches S: 95%
113; 8: 52; He 128; 20:
113, an 22: .
septentrionale x eee 7

20: 26.
2;
serra, 5: 81; 16: 108, *
22:

100.
serratum, 1: 76, 80, 81, 18
.. 44; 9: 8; 12: 51;

Pceeitet 18: 53.

Sintenisii, 15: 10
ruceanum, 19: . at,
Stotleri hybr. nov-, set;
52; 16: 49; 2
20: 2

; 22: 83.
Swartzianum, 20: 134.

InpEX VouuMEs 1 TO 25 39

Asplenium, continued. > 24, 25; 21: 29; 22: 84;
125.

og dnaelags iy G0; 3: st 16; 24: 33, 35; 25: 125
: 109; 8: 1 umbrosum, 17: 99; 18: 33.

6 10: 33; 11: 10, ta verecundum, 6: 78; 18: 42;

14: 10; 19: 19: 115, 118, 119; 25: 44.

Trichomanea, L: 62, 102, 148; vespertinum, ais 122; 12: 102;
2: 18, 86; 3: 7, 14, 55, 95, 22: 39; 23

110; 4: 20, 23, 43, 44, 58, viride, 1: 67, as, 114; 2: 85;

91, 113, 115; 5 , 89, > 7, 8, 55; 4: 43, 44; 8

106, 109, 110, 119; 6: 3, 24, 51, 125; 9: 108; 10:

, 85, 100, sal 14:

109; 16: 27, 28, 30; 4;
19: 50; 20: 27, ae 153,
156; 21: 16, 17, 73, 181;
22: 8, 9, 11; 23: 1; 24: 29,
110.

Asplenium, see ) also Athyrium

and Belvi
ibn ae 18: ere 14: 90.
Athyrium, 3: 55, 88, 89, 90,
102, 104; 4; 23, 41, 71, 120;
108, 109, 135, 138, 140; 7: 123; 8: 53:17: 123, 1 :
; : : :
18: 95; 60; 22: 1, 2, 3,

91, 92, 110; 25: 5, 76, 103,
125.

Trichomanes (v.) confluens,
6: 38, 39.

Trichomanes (v.) hybridum,
6: 39:

Trichomanes (y., f.) incisum,
2: 86; 12: 103; 21: 14.

Wiididinatss x Ruta-muraria,
Si 84:

Trichomanes x ea eapeeNe

49;
135, fea 138, 140; "48: 92;

4, 109; 25: 2, 78,
ROA, As 102; 5; 89,
93; 4: 23; 6: 83, 94; 9:
108; Ti: 10. 833° 12: 97;
13: 105; 14: 9, 10, 120, 121,
122; 15: 126; 19: 84, 109;
, 11, 88; 22: 26, 114;
23: 25, ae; 24: 87, 92, 110,
120; 2 , 76.
alpestre, 1: ” 36, 67,. 69; 9;
116; 18: 94; 20: 114; 21:

ewe (ss., Vv.) americanum,
18: 94; 21:

e ; 25: 135.
scat cn gaspensis 18:
94,

americanum stat. no 8:
120; 9: 68, 116; the "100,
104; 22: 4

40 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Athyrium, continued.
an nen, cele, fhe 102;
5: 14,

21:
23: 48; 24: 87, 92, 111; 25:
5.

02,
ee ae (v.) boreale var.
NOV., Sio2;

angustum (Vv. stat. nov., f.)
confertum, 11: 83; 14: ‘121,
+ 16: 14.

angustum (v.) cristatum var.
noy., 9: 8s,

aicuatdur (v.) elatius, 14:
91, 121, 122; 16: 14; 19;
84; 22: 114,

angustum elegans, 14:
121, 122; 16: 14,

angustum giandnliterus
var. nov., 8

spars fe) lavrentlasiien:
> 85.
one (v.) rubellum, 8:
80, 82; 11: S3; 14: 120
121, 129; 15: 126; 16: 14;
; = 114: 24: 26;
25: 2. 6,
angustum (f.) typicum, 8:
82.

?

Seplenioides, $: 54; 9: 45, 86;

22:
118; at 5, 62, 76, 102.

ney (B) angustum,
> 54.

apleniides, (v. stat nov.,
> oRnD a aga 13;
105; 14:
eyelosoram, iE 91; 4: 41, 42,
+ 75: Br ba: ey 104;
= fe
cs femina, 1: 62, 102, 116;
5

45, 83, ” 86, ‘107, gee 10:

spelled Filix-foemina.

Filix- ——. ok. abasilo-
bum :

Filix- aes ye . inadvert.,
v.) ealifornicum, 12: 102;
19: 39; 21: 107; 22:4.

Filix-femina (v.) corymbl-

(f.) strietum, 8:

Filix-femina (v.) Girdle-
stoneii, 19: 3

Filix- foniins tw latifolium,

sige hauxii.
Filix-femina (v.) Micha %
7: 54; not a new com

Filix-femina (v.) rubellum,

24: 28, 91.
Filix-femina (v.) sitchense, —
oat AoE

INDEX VOLUMES 1 TO 25 41

Athyrium, continued.
fragile, 25: 130.
Goéringianum, pictum,

5: 92

(ss.)

Michauxii, 6: 55

Hyper, ig 89; 5: 89;
40, ee) 14:
a ae a er 54, 103;
18: 96; 22: 114; 24: 90,
thelypterotdes (v.) erista-
tum
Wardii, ee
Wardii ple eet 17: Ss,

At Seed see also Asplenium.
Azolla 4: 55; 11: 100, 102; 13:

id
77; 02; 9: 20;
i 40; 11: 52; 12: 121; ‘13:
9 50; 14: 36 6:
25, bee 19: 4; 21 ey :
3: 48

a, ee .
Aas Fe 1: 82; 2: 109;
: 64; 12: 121; 20: 56; 21:
110: 20: 89; 23: 82.
Belvisia septentrionalis, 22: 8.
Belvisia, see also Asplenium.
Blechnum, 11: 102; 16: 58; 19:

Mi, 20: 57,
occidentale, 1: 77, 126, 134,
: 40, 41, 102; 4: 16;
6: 65, 66; 7: 37, 44; 9: 8,

12; 12: 46, 53; 13: 93, 117;

ca 108, ae Dies AG ely,

+ 185012 > 42,
ee se minor, 7: 44.
serrulatum, 1: 46, 47, 77,
133; 2: px apy ae: Fa,
119; 25:
Spicant, 4: a 13; 128; 15:
63; 20: 79; 21: 72, 73; 24:
87.

Spicant a: fallax, Zi: (2.
volubile

Rleshcarit see also Lomaria and

; 25: 101.
67; 17: 85; 25:

pedata, 16: 57; 25: 101.
Botrychium, 1: 3, 42, 67, 98; 3:
17, 43, 55, 97, 98; 4: 61; 5:

16; 6: 24, 35; 8: 56;
a5 ley a 1 3B 120; 16:- 11,
120; 477 114, at 116; 18:
58; 20: 62, 110; 21: 4; 25:

’

9, 109.
ae 1: 98; 9: 57; 10:
; 22: 59, 60; 25: 111, "119,

i
angustisegmentum, 6: 35, 36;
7: 90; 9: ; 12: 2, 3; 16:
12; 18: ougt 19: 100; 22:
; 23: 13; 25: 50,77. See
ai senarbea
— 6: ; 18: 95; 22:

tert, 1: 98; 4: 85; 9:
57; 10: 67; 25: 119.

: ae
s B: 119; 6: a "54, 89;

42

ayes ems, cont "a.
42;

2
50, 51, 109, 110, 111, 112,
De; LEO:
dissectum sae ss = elongatum,
6: 54; 25:

dissectum es £) obliquum,

* 43;.16: 25; 21: 68, 69,

22: 119; 23: 41; 2 ;
50

25: 50, 51.
dissectum (f.) oneidense, 25:
50

dissectum (v.) tenuifolium,
2: :

Jenmani, 1: 98; 5: 81.
Kannenbergii (f.) eomposi-
47,

pea as oo simplicissi-
mum, 25:

Kannenbergii ) subcom-
po

yuekt 3 24: 91;

lanceolatum (ss., v.) angusti-
Segmentum, 2: 92; 3: 14,
121; 4: 61; 6; 112; 8: 51,

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

ne a 18, 873: 36:

Lanaria. i; aa 2: 92, 115; 3:

: 20, 48, 49. ie
Lunaria (v., f.) ineisum, 25:

Lunaria (v.) onondagense, 19:
> 3; 25: 49.

Lunaria (f.) ovatum, 25: 48
Lunaria (v., f.) subincisum,
25: 48.

Lunaria (v., f. stat. nov.)
tripartitum, 25: 48.

lunarioides, 13: 42, 43; 25:
109.

lunarioides (v.) dissectum, 13:

6: 89; 8: 77; 24:

matricariae,

91; 25: 95, 96.
matricariaefolium, 1
rite 3

23: 13; 25: 49, 77. :
matricariaefolium (f.) com

positum, 25: 49.
matricariofoiom . ) gracile

S

: ”
mace a ) palma-
matricariefolium (v.) rhom-
pin-

eum,
matrcavieflim (f.) su

tegrum, 25:
matricarioides, Pe 96.

INDEX VOLUMES 1 TO 25 43

Botrychium, continue
pve 18: 58, ‘128; 19:
; 12, 18; 22: 95, 96, 97
25: 49, 67.
multifidum, 8: 57; 25: 50, 95,
LO; TAT tie 119,
ae fidum (v.) australe, 25:

taaaaicd (v.) dichotomum,

25: 96.
multifidum (v.) intermedium,
25: ve 210, 241,
112, 113, 118,
multifidum (v.) ae 25:
110, 113, 118, 119.
neglectum, 1: 12; 3: 98, 99,
100; 5: 37; 6: 36, 88; 7:
124; 8: 76; 9: 42; 10: 11,
= 116; 11: 20, 25; bo eae #4
: 110; ng o 123, 125;
: 13; 25: 49, 50.
ares ets (f.) ae 16: 12;

6-17, 20, 38, 50, 51,

61, ass 111, 112, 113, 117,

a aaa te f.) dissectum,
3: 14;

15: pet 21: 68; 22: 101,

119; 23: 62.

ae (88), Ve +} elonga-

um, 2: 92; 23: 25: 50.

obliquum (ss., v.) Tahereri,
65769 - 18:10. 25: bt.

obliquum (v.) oblongifolium
var. nov., 22: 50, 51; 25: 51,
11s,

erp (v.) oneidense, 1:

obliquum (v.) pennsylvani-
cum var. nov., 25: 115, 11
ene (ss., es a,
ie ts

a ‘a1: 126, 128, 129, ah,
: 119; 24: 35; 25: 117.
obliquum as matricarioides,

25: 96.
onondagense, 3: 98, 99, 100;
4: i - 94, 119; 6: 36, 59;
8: Bb: 87: 17: 5 18:
iene = vt, 101; 25: ee
pinnatum sp. noy., 19: 11, 13,

14.
pumicola, 19: 14, 37; 22: 95.

92; 8: 57; 10: 101; ‘13: a

44 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Botrychium silaifolium, cont’d

: 50, 5
50, 77, 110, 111, 113.
silaifolium (ss.) intermedium,
1: 98.
simplex, 1: 69, 115; 2: 92; 5:
13, 58, 119; 6: 87, 110; 8:
1; 9:

113; 25: 47, 48, 67,
simplex (y.) angustum, 25:

~I
=

nhs (F425) oer ER
16: 127, 128; 25: 8.

simplex (f.) incisum, 25: 47.

simplex (f.) simplicissimum,

25: 47.
—— (f.) subecompositum,
Pai,

teneliro pat: 9: 36, 37; 12: Be
2Gy 125; 22: 96, 97; 25: 48,
8, 5

ternatum (ss., y, ) eeuipars,
10: 13; 22: 49; iD
ternatum (v.) anaes (ons

9; 6: 5k 80, 311,
112; 11: 85; 15: 127; 16:

ry 18: 110; 1

ternatum (v.) oneidense, 21:
125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130,
132; 25:

Saxcalee: = »» v-) rutaefo-
ium, ; 4: 62; 5:
ae 6: 112; "8: 77, 124; 11:

pgp 2S 126; 25: 95.

Suatwisinnes i: S807

50.

i aged ee 1: 3, 4, 102; 2:

101; 14: 91; 25: -
ibiscimupmant se gracile,
43

anum, 19: 86; 25: 96,

INDEX VOLUMES 1 To 25 45

Botrychium, continued.
Virginianum (v.) mexicanum,
4: 24.
Caenopteris
japonica, 20: 134.
quadripinnata, 20: 133.
Calamariales, 20: 89, 90.
Eepeeilew americanum, 12:

121,
Callipteris, 11: 102.
Calymmatotheca Stangeri, 5:
85.

Campium, 22: 18.
Camptodium aa 7: 42.
Camptosorus, 3: 56, 93

138; 20: 30, a 21: 53;
25: 60, 78.
ann i. 62, as 2;

: 5 4: 116;
5: 11, 32, % 106, es 112,
119; 6: 3, 49, 52; 7: 18,

18, 51, 104, tle 8:51, :

100, 123, 125; 9:

tne LOD EL 17, 22, 97, ee
12:

15, 119, 122; 1 , 126;
16: 15, 28, 125; 17: 40, 41,
42, 43, 102, 128, 132, 134,
140; 1 87

*aophylus ne fo aang

14: ; 23: 16.
Ponerieah < pre nov.,
f.) auriculatus, 23: 16, 56.

spin A (f.) Boycei f.
, 2b:

ta ( — inter-
medius, 23:

sibiri ve i9.
Campy toner (um), 1: 126;

angustifotom, Ee0hy 22 Sis
: 24,

60 sin ibs es ry

cubense, 2: 81.

phyllitidis, 1: 47, 76, 134
Ceratopteris deltoidea, 2: 39.

pteridoides, 11: 101, 102; 25:

38.

thalictroides, 25: 136, 137.
isd tied. 2: 44; 3: 102, 103,

04; 4: 45; 11: 102.
selviielanan, 2: 38, 81, 102.
calomelanos, 1: 76, 126.
sulphurea, 2: 39, 102.
tartarea, 1: 135.
triangularis, 4: 46, 47; 8:

; .

2:
cater 90: 1, 107, 113.

officin
Cheianthes, 2: 42, is 81, —

oe
56, 78.

;

aemula, 1: 146; ~ me la

oena, 12:

argentea,
aspera, 8: 93, 107.

46 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Cheilanthes, continued
californica,
5

19: 14; 22: 42; 23: 80; 24:
2

castanea, 9: 116; 15: 18; 17:
84. :

chaerophylla, 8: 119.

chilensis, 20: 56.

Cleveland, 5: 10; 9: 25; 12:
5 214; 22: Sys oA:

puntiida, 20: 135.
es mt 303: 202-43 18:

ota - 2o3 405 La a ak
li4; 1 ‘4h Bot G7
0.

oe (ss.) intertexta, 9:
ae 8: 119,
dealbata, 9: 69,
densa sai nov., 8: +10: 19:

, 41.
Eatoni, 5: 72; 9: 3, 4,5; 14:
35, 36; 15: 18; 16: ‘11;

17: ye 84, 127; 18: 40;
20:
Féei, ‘“ gn 48; 5: 70, 99

? ;
83, 127, 133; 18: 113; 19
1; 20: 141; 22: 3, 11, 119,
ee 23: 46 22

foe a: 19; 2 15, 111;
5: 10, 72, 99; 9: 25; 12:
ek 13: 117; 17: 84; 22:

116

9; 24:
he 5: 88, be 12: 113,
glauca, 20: 56,

gracilis, 8: 102.
15: 19:
40; 21: 50, 55, 107, "123;
22: 3, 9, 79 7.86.
horridula nom. nov., 8: 94;

PTE 127
intramarginalis, 8: 115, 119.

gs 725 9:6 8

>

>

ia ery 6
marginata, 3: 115; 8: 116,

119.
Mathewsii, 20: 56.
meifolia, 1: 146. “
membranacea comb. nov.; °°
ve 112.
micromera, 15: :
faierontviies 7 102; 6: 425
7: 37, 46; 9: 55; 12: 51;
15: 17, 72, as 17: 49; 25:
41,

moncloviensis, 1: 146.

InpEX VOLUMES 1 TO 25 47

Cheilanthes, continued.
Moritziana, 15:

Bee
myriophylla, 2: 114; 5: gh

9:0, Bs 12: 111, 114;

57; : 38.

nitidule, 8: 115.

Palmeri, 1: 146

Parishii,
12: 1

2 Sh) be. 20, 08s

Baronets, 19:

Colysis, 22: 18; 25
n

Coniogramme, 11: 102.

; 118.
peninsularis, 3: 111; 21: 25,
26

peninsularis (v.) insularis
va

rT. noy., 81%
Pringlei, 3: 111
pruinata, 20: 56.
pyramidalis, 8: 117; 16: 58.
Pyramidalis (ss.) arisonica

ssp. nov., 8: 116.
Siliquosa nom. nov., 8: 116;
10: 103; 19: 14, 15, 41;
Si: 123; 22: 7; 26: 126.
sonorensia; 3: 1.
5

112; 22: 42; 23: 80; 24: 3.
Wootoni, 9: 25; 17: 84, 128;
24:

6.
Ape 5:70; 17: 83; 21%

ie. ca

Neath Soma 3: 102, 103; 4:
4

8: 62; 22: 2, 7; 25:

78.
acrostichoides, 2: 112, 113,
114; 4: 46, 48, 49, 64, 112;
5: 75; 8: 24, 80; 10: 7, 11,
34, 99, 104; 12: 114; 19:
, 98; 21: 108, 122; 22:
1

erispa (v.) americana, 19: 39,
site 4: 46, 48, 49; 8: 116;
; i, ae
japonica, 20: 134.

melanolepis, 20
1

101; 23: 5, 47, 128;
10; 25: 68, 78, 126.
shiek 20: 137.

see also Pel-

PERS

a (subgenus) gat 6,
Culcita,

Sane. Ha a

Ebates, 24: 17.
rysodium vulgare, 2: 102.
Cibotium, 7: 16; 12: 98, 102,

Currania, 25:
Cyathe ie . 20; ‘9: cp Peis 19:
; 22:

54;
Abbottii, 44: "100,

48

Cyathea, continued.
arborea, 1: 133, 136; 2: opp.
ak 45: 5: 80;

17:
aipertie, BAe MI
crassa, 2: “1.
unninghamii, 19: 21; 20: 6.
dealbata, 17: fe 19: 43: 20:
76.

9,
divetwons 9: 14.
dryopteroides sp. nov.
05

n , aot 138.
medullaris, 17: 65; 19: 43 ;

0:
minor, 14: 0.
portoricensis, 2: 45.
pubescens, 7: 40
Tussacii, 2: 81,
Cyatheaceae, 17: 2; 22: 21, 22.
Cyclopeltis, 17: 3.
eR age 2: 40; 9: 8: 1B:
119; 17: as 18: ie

= i. 25: 130.
Cyrtomium 102; 12: 82;

8
1 : 85: Pe NE
0: 49.

caryotideum, my 41, 44, 45,
0.

PEAS ~ ——
var, nov.,

earyotideum ¢; hastosum,
20: 51.

interme-

caryotideum (v.)
dium 20: 44,

comb. nov.,

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

earyotideum (v.) micropteris
comb. nov., 20: 44, 52.
faleatum, 9: 61, 119; 10: 78;

Shicatins (wa: 8) sentaeam
20: 49; 24: 48. -

faleatum (v.) Mayi, 12: 83.

faleatum (v.) muticum, 20:

faleatum (hort. ss.) Roch-
2

compa 3,
Fortunei, 20: ‘a 46, 48, 49,
1

Brit
fraxinellum, 20: 42.
grossum, 20: 47.

eae: 20: 44, 46, 47.
Hookerianum comb, nov., 20:

integripinnum, ae 46
lonchitoides, 20:
nephrolepioides, ce 44, 47.
pachyphyllum, :
Roe ehfordiawes: i; 54; 24:

87.
Rochefordii, 20: 49.
Tachiroanum comb. nov., 20:

44, 45.
vittatum, 20: =

Cystea fragilis, 2 ie
Cystopteris, 3: 08 Hk 1 i
4:

25, — : 5; 17: 128,
124; mee 85, 86; 22: 2,
3; 23: he 61, 78, 130,
131 .

alpina ; o
bulbite : hs 116; 2: a
3: 14, 56; 4: , 116;

INDEX VoLUMES 1 TO 25 49

es bulbifera, cont ’d.

105, 106; 14: 12, 109, 110,
119; 15: 44, 126; 17: 103,
132, 134, 135; 18: 89, 114;

, 50, 135 , 138; 20:
23, 86, 145; 21: 3 83, 89,

22, 47, 51, 55, 56, 2;

24: 27, 87, : 90, a 112,

120; 25: 5, 62, 75.
bulbifera (v. “hovisontalls,

; 20.
toe femina, 25:
Filix-fragilis, i es 128,

, 130.
fragilis, 1: 67, 68, 82, 103,

25: 5, 62, i 104, 105, 127,

128, 129, 130.

fragilis (v.) angustata, 10:
89.

fragilis (ss.) cristata, 2: 115.
fragilis? (v.) pubescens, 22:

133.
fragilis (ss.) magnasora, 1:

50.
montana, 1: 66,

24, 86; 20: are a i a
Cyst opti see also Filix
Dadoxy es 6: 84.
Danae 265:
reopen 14: 92; 16: 56.
nodosa, 2: 44; 9: 8; 17: 1;

18:

8.
Darea japonica, 20: 134.
Davallia, 11: 102-18: 116; 19:
94

canariensis, 20: 109, 114.
dissecta, 2: =
ia, 18:
Moorea 00.
novae- peel £7: L100,

it: "103; We
8

: 43.
pobuntra, 3b: 207, 112:
Lambe oie , 20: 55, 60,
ordin 5: oan 112.
pds 1: 103; 5: 119;

8 : , hae St ;
122; 24: 33, 35, 92, 111;

25: 75, 102.
punctilobula (v.) cristata, 2:
91.

50 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Dennstaedtia, continued.
punctilobula (v.) nana, 10:

s A1e-26-
punctilobula (f.) schizophylla
comb. noy., 2; 91.

riginot, AO: 775 17: 86:
$00:

Domai see also Dick-

Dickeonia, 3: 56, 58; 4: 20, 27,
61;

; 5: 123; 0: 83; 11:

103; 14: 58; 15: 14, 118;

118; 19: 54; 2 ;
7

antarctica, 17: 66; 18: 32; 20:
ea a
fibrosa, 17: 99; 18: 55, 116;
9: 41, 42, 43.
lanata, 18: 32; 20: 76.
pilosinseula, 5: ay 31: 120;
24: 90.

arch etaaaa 3: 14; 4: 4;
a)

ponetilobula (ss., f.) cristata,
110.

> 52,
rabigingee 24: 51, 52.
es 18: 32; 19: 41, 42,

3 22: 99.
Dicksonia, see also Pennstactia
Dieranopteri, 2: 81; 4: 17

Lj

Banerofti, 7: 49.

05; 9: 12, 67;
10: 66, 79; 15: 111 ; 18: 7,
9.

fureata, 15: 111.

jamaicensis, 7: 49.
linearis, 5: 7.
orthoclada, 2: 22.
pectinata, 7: 49.
illiamsii sp. nov., 2: 21, 22.
Dietyoxiphium panamense, 9: 7;
3; 18
Didymochlaena, 1
truncatula
Diellia, 25: 103.
Diplazium, ‘7: 37; 8:
103; 16: 119.
a i sp. nov., 14: 10s

Est
15: onde

53; 11:

arb 5 Oe Od.
pte ia 2 7: 43.
costale, 7: 43.

delitescens, 17: 3; 18: &.

11, 112.
ser stat -e 126; 9: 7, 8;
5 4) 3898.

a 16: 111, 122.
Leonardi, 15; 112.

u

Tussacii, 15: 108, 11
unilobum, 15: 108, 111, 112.
eShne 2: -

Wilso 3.
Dipti, 4: 26; 20: 69.

oodia, 11: 103.
Dersoeri 11: 108.
palmata, 1: 76.
— ata, 1s: 52; 16: 111.
» 9:

a 37.
Drvorerdene 4: 34, 35, 36,
Dryopteris, 1: 33, 3

44, 54, 63, 102, 116; S: .
57, 92, 103, 104, a
115; 4: 7, 18, 22, 23, 77; 119,

INDEX VOLUMES 1 TO 25 a.

Dryopteris, continued.
20, 123; 6: 21, 60; 7: 15,
37; 8: 53, 56, 58, 74; 9: 7,
. 8 *

9, 11; 10: 88, 121; 11: 44,
103; 15: 45, 54; 16: 15, 16,
220} 272 4, 110.720) 481,
122, 123, 124, 125; 18: 9
20: 27, 43; 22: ‘i he 54; 23:
3, 93; 24: 47, 87; 25: 13,
» 54, 79 101.

Abbottiana, 15: 112

acrostichoides, 3: 93

aculeata,

6; 22:
pena, 7: 40; 15: 108,
ae ot
augescens, 25: 40.
augescens (v.) puberula, 12:
75.

austriaca, 20: 85, 118.
be

rmudiana, 2: 18,

Boottii, 2: a 63, 89, 116; 4:
JIG; 6:30: 05; 9: 45,
46, 107, 117, aE 10: 87,
117; 11: 14, 22, 84 46
112; 14: 70; 16: 6, 125; 17:
55; 19: 106, 1
22; 25:

: 126.
brachypoda, 4: 78.
campyloptera, comb. nov.,
20: 118, 119; 25: 60, 6
chrysoloba, 24: 8

cinnamomea, comb. nov., 1:

Clintoniana, 1: 36, 61; 2: 89,

25; 19: 110; 28: 15, 22.
Gatedlenn s ieee, 6:51,

bas 7s 20.

Clintoniana x Goldiana, 2: 63;
6: 53.

Clintoniana x intermedia, 2:
ig, GO: 0, s Abt 84

Clintoniana x marginalis, 1:

Clintoniana (v.) Slossonae,

comb. nov., 6: 103.
Clintoniana x spinulosa, 1: 14;

2: 63, 115; 11: 84.
concinna, 4: 80.
cordata, 7: 40.

cr, — sp. nov., 23: 75.

120; 25: 41, 77.

se hraeee (ss., *) Clintoniana,
8: 74; 11: 13; 16: 127;- 24:
7.

cristata x Ponies 2: 63, 83,
15;

cristata x intermedia 2: 63,
+ 53, 8a: 10; 57: Te:

anita x marginalis, 1: 12, .
59, 116; 2: 63; 3: 15; 6:
53, 60, 93, 105; 9: 28, 46,

ed AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Dryopteris crist. x marg., contd.
2; 10: 55, 57, 87; 11: 14;
: : 31.

geen spinulosa, 1; 13, 14;
Os, 216; 3: 15; 6:
84,

3; i:

iritatn x spinulosa (ss.) inter-
media, 3: 15.

(ss.) Clintoniana x
marginalis, 3: 15.

cristata (ss.) Clintoniana x
spinulosa, 3: 15.

crypta, comb. nov., 11: 44,
45

Cumingiana, 9: 8.

deltoidea, 1: 37, 134, 136.

dentata, 17: 4; 18: 8; 25: 41,
44, 133

: é
denticulata, 15: 108.
dilatata, 1: 1

alates (f.) ap comb.
S:

nov., 3: 48;
Dryopteris, 1: 36; ie 114, 136:
4: 23; 5: 67; ‘6: 4, 83; 7:

13, 19; 8: 79, 100; 9: 5;
11: 25; 19: 106, 108; 23:

16.
effusa, 7: 40; 17: bi; 38: 6,

effusa (ss.) confinis, 15: 108,
112.

eriocaulis, a “6

euchlora, 4:

euchlora a inaequans, 4:
80

exculta (ss.) squamifera, 18:
6.

Féei, 12: 75; 22: 39.
Filix- mas, 1: 22, 23, 24, 36,

te ng 71, 78;

93, 94, 9
Filix-mas ee chino 21:

71:
ane 1: 36; 4: 85; 6: 79;
119; 22: 56;

vl =
Fournieri, 1: 95, 96

sarge (f.) erosa f. nov,
s 69.

read 15: 112.
— 1: 95.
gla a, 23: 76.

Glaziovii, 4: 80. 78,

Goldiana, 1: 12, 14, 36, 61,
79, 103, 115, 118; 2: 86, 8%
94; 3: 14, 94; 4: 115; 5

INDEX VOLUMES 1 TO 25 53

ei eit goldiana, cont’d.
24; 6: 19, 53,
fia. 8:74, 99; 9: 40, 45,
108; 10: 56, 59, 87, 92; 11:

12, 14, a2; 12: 20, 39, o9°
id: O31:
1275 172: 5b, 96; 18:96, 19:
108; 20: 147; 23: 15, 94,

13; 105, 111;

114; 24: 88; 25

Hay a
Goldiana (ss., v.) celsa, 11:
12, 14; 13: 24.
Goldiana x intermedia, 2: 63;

¢ 04: 7:
Goldiana x marginalis, 1: 14,
e@:- Sa: O;

78; 5: 119, 124
46; 13: 101.
Goldiana x spinulosa, 2: 83.
gongylodes, 1: 36;
119; 25;

2
gvadalupensis, 45403 21:45;
15

geadatpensis (v.) setulosa,

22: 115;. 23: 16, "93, 114;
24: 88; 76.

hirta, 7: 40.

indecora, 1: 95.

oe belo, ied 14, 103;

15: 23, 127; 16: 4, 6, 7, 125;
18: 124; 19: 108, 110; 20:

18: 12; 19:

147 3°21; 4, 89; 22: 116: 23;

15, 22, 115; 25: 64,
intermedia x sr esis om 2: 63,

1 5 ae ©
‘atetnedin x sive 11: 84,
Jimenezii, sp. , 4: 79
Karwinskyana, oe

ipii, sp. nov., 18: 4, 5.
paste ye 36, 67, ae 3:
1285 8: 79+ 20: 106;

eH i 14: 82455127320;

114; 23: 16, 21, 22, 25; 24:

88; 25: 76.

Tonehits 21: 72, 73.
ongifolia, 9: 12.
SEG 18: 6.
ant ae 1: 22, 24, 2 61,
, 103; 2: 83, 94; 4:

15 5: 106, 109, tog 112,

0, 136; 20: 22, "129,

pelt ‘(f) Churchiae,
comb. nov., 23: 12.

marginalis (Ss., stat. nov., v.,
f., comb. nov.) elegans, 2:

116; 6: 52, 104; 10: 76;
14: 1, 9; 15: 127; 28: 15,
21.

marginalis x cristata, 23: 15.
marginalis x intermedia, 23:

identoaiin x spinulosa, 2: 86;
11: 84; 23: 15.

54

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Dryopteris, continued.

axoni, s sg nov., 1: 96, 97.
megalodus, 1 : 50.
Mereurii, 9: "

munita, 12: 101

is aad (v.) glandu-

: 4, 84, a
23: 15, we 122; 24: 33, 88
a4;

25:
REALONE (f.) fragrans
stat

‘ ‘ 50.
oligocarpa, 4: 80; 7: 415 15:
aes
oligophylla, 1: 77; 15: 108.
> 88

4: 30.
oreopteris, 1: 36; 4: 7, 10, 9:

116; 25: 93.

pachyrashis, 4: 80; 15:

panamensis, 16: 58; 25: 40.

112.
paleacea, comb. nov., 1: 93,
94

parasitica, 1: 35, 3
ree z; i 36, a fe, moti

73, 79, 108,
17; 19: 92, 119; 25: 40,

133. .
patula, 1: 36, 93, 94, 95, 96,
O7; 9: pa Le 1123
Peripae : 53.
lacie 1: 35, 36, 67, on

pttsfordenss, 2: 86.
a, 1 ; 18:

s, 24
PED RRSS 4: 80.
Tk (ss.) haitiensis, 15:

Eee ella , 21: 72.
pyenopterioides, 20: 45.
radicans, 2: 44; 6: 79.

ntunens :

reptans, 1: 3 81;

ice 1: 36; 12: 50.
ida, 4: 72; 11: 3; 20: 114;

ae os .
rigida (ss., v.) arguta, 1: 82,
97; 2: 15, 110, 114; 4: 64;
cy 10; 8: 84; 11: 3; 12%
Robern, 3 36; 8: 79, 100;

tee 4: 80.
deen - 108, 112.
fa, 4: 80.

INDEX VOLUMES 1 To 25 5D

Dryopteris, continued.
rupicola, 11: 89; 15: 108, 111,
112,

sp. nov., 1: 93 ,94.

affordii,
seta (v.) pecan 4:
aa i: 125; 2:81; 11: 89:
12: 60; 15: 107.
sealptaroides, 4: 78; 18: 51.
scalpturoides (v.) jamaicensis,
18: 50.
oe sp. nov., 25: 52, 53,
Sierokvie 12: 50.

scolopendrioides, 15: 114.
Serra, 12: 50; 15: 72, 79, 108,
1

28, a, ft 62, 109; ‘10: 59,

igs a a 12: 20,
96; 24 56; 19:
110: pe me ve a 18, 38,
51; 25: te

sordida,

sete 20: 58.
Speluncae ?comb. nov., 2: 18;
spraniont, I: 18, 14, 36, 6%;
> 89; S: 8,14, 45; 4: 71,
115; 5: 100, 119; 6: 20, 38

97, 125; 17: 54, 55, 66, 96;

18: 122, 130; 19: -

110; 20: 85, 114,

21: fe 22: 116; oe 15, 2

124; 24: 88; 25: ‘xe
siawilons (v.) americana, 6:

33, 34, 35; 8: 85; 9: 107;

11: 14, 84; 18: 105; 16: 4;

: 118, 148.
spinulosa (f.) anadenia, 2:
89.
spinulosa concordiana, 2:
89; 10:
spinlosa (, Ae dilatata, a
69
. sd 5} : .
76; 11: 14, ve 13: 105; 24:
88, 120;
spinulosa os) iis (f.)

anadenia, 14,
spinulosa (v. ; voqctaons comb,

nov., 19: 136.
— (s8., V.) eT

: ; 12:
96; 14: 47; ‘18: 96: ‘19: 136;

24: 120.
Sprengelii, 18: 9.
stipularis, 1: 36.
straminea, 4: 81.
subandina, 4: 80.
submarginalis, 22: 100.
subtetragon ite 44.
a :
syrmatica, 25: sts
uses 4: 79.
tetragona, 1: 35, 36; 2: 81,

102; 12: 60; 16: 114; 17:

15.

Thelypteris, 1: 36, 54, 103,
118; 2: ee : 14, “
93; 4: 71,
119; 6: fe ae 58, "33, 102;

56 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

sh base Thelypteris, sont "d.

88; 22: 115; 23: 15, 22, 26,
67, 124; 24: 88, 120; 25:

7 79

I

tremula, 1: 118.
aS 4: 81,
tristis, 9: 1
Un satin ge sp. nov., 18:
49, 51.
unita, 1: 36, 46.
viridescens, 12: 85; 24: 88.
Dryopteris, see is Aspidium,
oniopteris, Nephrodium,
Phegopteris, Polystichum,
and Thelypteris.
Elaphoglossum, 2: 42; 9: 9; 11:
103,

apodum, 2: 44,

chartaceum, 7: 48,

einchona, 7: 48,

Herminieri, 1: 126; 17: 4;
18:

beteromorphum, ag se 18.

hirtum, 7: 14:

hispanio cum sp. ‘ue, 14:

75.

nematorhizon sp.
Skee

plicatum, be ta:

tectum, 15: 112,

tovarense, ag 108, 112,

villosum, 7:

quiseta ascaie 14: 44; 15:
5, 36 ah

,

ambigua 44,
heter crophadi, 15: 36.
hiberna, 14: 42, 43, 44; 15:

11, 36, ae

primitiva, 15: 10,
Equisetaceae, 4: Ret: ne 69; 19:
4, 86; 22:

Equisetales, 4; be: 20: 89, 96.

83; 24: 3
nbetis key, ‘22: 69, 122.
affine, 11: 71.
arvense, 1: 16, 40, 67, 69, INE
3: 14, 42, 79, 82, 83;
62, 69, ee ui 18; 5:
5

INDEX VOLUMES 1 TO 25 5

emep arvense, cont’d.

, 18, 20, 26, 47,
86, - Ae TE '37, 38; 25:
LF, 67.
arvense ee v.) areticum, 1:
70; 19: 26.
arvense oR: v.) boreale, 1:
70; 18: 25; 19: ;
arvense (ss., Vv.) Scnieaises
: 42; 8: 47; 19: 78.
arvense (v., f.) decumbens, 7:
a EOS BG:

Abveune (v., £.) Rag 5:
36; 7: 58; 8: 47; 22: 120.

arvense Se nemorosum, 7:
59; 22: 120,

arvense ee pseudosylvati-
cum, 16

arvense (f. io riparium, 7: 59.

101,

, 86; 20: 17,
Be Ma 95, 103, 105 3 22:
72,
boa, 11: 74; 18: 26; 22:
inn 14: 42, 43, 44, 45; ru
11; 20: 92, 95, 99, 105;
91, ah 94, 101, 102; 22: ie
75, 123,

diffusen, 15: 35; 20: 17, =,
Dl: Re: 72,

105; 21:
caer Lee ean
Farah ii: te : ae 37.
jatile, 2: Mei ry
0;

, 84, 87, 88, 89, 92; 18:
ie 74, 75, 76, 79; 19: 4,
, 79; 20: 12, 17, 92, 94,

~l

102, 103; 21: 91, 102; 22:

fluviatile x arvense, 13: 70, 72.
psa pe ) polystachyum,

Pe a vecictiiabain, 7
59.

Funstoni, 11: 68, 70, 72; 13:
: ,. 00, 38, 69, 72;
14: 4a ve 16: 1235°18% 77;
20: 12 et 16, 92 100, 105;
22: 69, 125 28: 2

onente a 123 4: 43;
oo ph os o 39, ne 19:

. 20: 11, , ous 63, 91,
te ag oF Oh 102 105;
21: 92, 94, ie 101, 102; 22:

69, 74, 122 Eo aS
Haliseharia, fe 733 s eet
hiemale, 1: 16, 69; 2: + De

49; Il: 66, - "69,

71; 13: 36, ae i 72; 14:

42, 15: 10, 1 47. 18:

18,19, 71, 7. oy 78; 20:

1 15, 16, 92, 95, 100, 101,

104; 21: 95, 96, 97, 99, th

101, 102; 9, 72 4;

23: 18 , 20; 25 1, 8, 9, 6 .

see sien hyema
hiemale ‘gf v. ei he 2117;

18: 124.

RE a pee ealifornicum,

Ags 7
a Se then 21: 91,

Os 5

50
49; 1: a % 18: 26; ‘a2:

123,
can (ss.) Jesupi, 21: 99;
22: 125.

58 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Equisetum, continued.
hiemale x ramosissimum, 22:
124

hiemale (ss., v.) robustum,
aS; 4, G6; 14: 36: 92:

hiemale ua, v.) Schleicher,
2: 9

97, 98; 22: 124
hiemale (ss.) teasiiutu, 22:
126.

hiemale x variegatum, 22: 125.

hyemale, 1: 103; 3: 14, 79

5, 78; 21: 101; 23: 17, 26,
41, 42; 25: 1 5.

hyemate BMG ae 4: 62
118; 6:

hyemale (v.) affine (f.) poly-
Stachyum, 4: 118; (f.) ra-
mosum, 7: 59,

gabon (ss., v.) intermedium,
Pare a 115, 116; 7
74; 8: : 120.

hyemale pig pumilum, 7: 60,

ee (88., v.) robustum, 6:
7; 9: 20; 19: 2

kaplan G: 1165 7:73.
10: 110; 11: 65, 68, 70, eo
18; 5, 35, 36, 3 72

81, 82, 83; 4: 114; 5: 77,
107; 6: 115, 436 5.9: (78,

74, 75; 8: 48, 60, 103; 9:

86, 87, se 24: 37, 38; 25
65:78, 9; 10

limosum, ‘i 28; 48; 10:
i Bes © Bae es 2 16: 88; 18:

~ 18: 86; 2h: 107; 102;

incu 3: 42, 47; 4: 28, 62;
12;

22: 126; 23:

page ea satay 23: 5.

Mackai 25.

majus, ia: ers 22: 128.

Martii, 15: 10; 20: 96; a1:
95; 22: 122

myriochaetum, 14: 43, 4%)
5: 10, 11; 20: 14, 15, 92,
98, 105; 21: 92, 94, 95, 101,

3, 125. =
occidentale, 21: 97, 98; °°
124

INDEX VoLUMES 1 TO 25 59

Equisetum, continued.

americanum,

palustre x arvense, 13: 70, 72.

67; originally spelled pre-
altum

pratense, 2: 116; 8: 47; 11:
69, 70, 73; 13: 39, 71, 72;
15: 36, 37; 16: 87, 88, 89;
18: 71, 74, Hh 76; 18; 24.
79, 80; 20: ie ‘92, 104;
22 74, 75, Or 23: 42, 89;

are

Hine see praealtum.
pyramidale, 15: 10; 20: 56,
60, 96; 21: ie 22: ea

44; 8: 49;
5; 14: 42, 43, 44, 45;

15: 11, 12; 18: 78; 20: 16,

, bs
100, 10 , 75, 123
ramosum, 22
robustum, 3: 8 (he
75; . 1, LL, 436
cas OG, Tis Tet6, 8: (46:

36, 42; 18: i. 21: 83; 22:
a

24.
robustum (v.) affine, 7: 76.
robustum (v.) minus, 7: 75,
76.
saxicola, 11: 74; 22: 128.
mueenaredy 15: 10; 20: 6; 21:
; 22: 122,

scirpoides, “ 64, 67, 69; 3:
66 , 82, 83; 4: 62,

5, 19, 84; 24: 50; 25: 7, 8,
63.

Sieboldi, 22
silvaticum,

15: 127; 16: 17; 195. 6;
20: 21; 23: 17, 42.

60

Equisetum, continued.
sylvaticum (v.) capillare, 5:
8

? si =
Ss (v.) pauciramo-

yp 192 86.
wadatiaies (v.) pauciramosum

=)
eee
i=)
9
for)
= =)
oS
pe oes ee
=
(ox
Bod
i
>)

20, 86;
Pree ae (v.) Prandsatons.
9; 94, 123,
Telmateia (v.) serotinum, 9:
123; 18: 7;. (£.) prolif-
3.

peas 75, 91, 128; =:
Mie

id, 78519; 20:

re 102, 121; 21: 99, 100,
vatiogntun (ss., v.) alas-

k

anum, 11: 34; 21: 99
100; 22: 196.

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

variegatum v.) asses
6: 59

75; = 99, 100; 22:

variegatum es Jesupi (f.)
geminatum, 4:

variegatum (v.) Jeuunt oe
multirameum, 4: 118;
49,

shane gilcnten (ss., v.) Nelsoni,
8, 72; 16: 45, 46;

variegatum x praealtum, 13:
68, 72.

xylochaetum, 14: 15: 10,
11, 35, 395-20; se 93, 96,
97, 102; 21: 94, 95; 22: 69,

74, 122.

Equisetum, see also Hippo
chaete.

beside. Saagaia! furcata, 2: 81;
1

te :
Budryopteris : Es 36, 93; 20: 45.
Euequiseta, 20:
Euspor sO - 61.
— Bore vs 45.
Filic : 44; 3: 44; 4: 70.
Vilien aig i 130, 13
Filix-fragilis,
Filix, 3: 106; 15: 40, 41, 42, 43,

23; 13: 111; 14: 13; ;
45; 16: 14, 125; 17° *

+ 115.
eye 8: 56; 15: 40, 41, 42,

Ain ‘1: 12 112, vs
114; 3: 46; 4: 65, 72, 1125

INDEX VoLUMES 1 TO 25 61

Filix fragilis, ces
dil; 6: -

He

3:
fragilis (Vv. nov.,
Pip aes: 3: 46; 6: 101:
: 86.

ae 8: 56; 14: 80, 117; 15:
40, 41, 42, 43, 45:17: 121.
montana, 8: 86.

oe 15: 43.

gaa ‘16: 72; 18: 33; 19:

re ruceé, go age 4: 17.
laevigata, 1 : 33,
linearis, 20: es 64.
polypodioides, 20: 65.
cuadipartt 25: 102.

—— see be Dicranop-

veto 1: 10; 4: 15, 16.
Goniophlebium chnpodes, 2 : 61.
Goniopteris, 1; 34, 36, 67; 4: 80,

; see also Dryopteris.
obliterata, 1: 136.

reptans, 1: 36; 6: 44, 79.

Gymnocarpium, 15
ogramma (-e), 11: 103
calomelanos, 76

bacon i: 38; se: 2005
: 86; 6: 99; 12: 104; 17:

- : 50.
triangularis (s8., V.) viscosa,
09; 12: 104

spa ae 25: 101.

> 44,
le : 146.
angular a2 18, OG Sas 0a:
13; 4: .47, 64; 5: 9, 10; 8:
74; aa _
Hee Setootan rik
ean are zeylanica, 20:
66

Hemidictyum marginatum, 18: 9.
emionitis arifolia, 5: 16.
palmata, 2: 39, 102; 17: 86.

girs O: 11; 10: 54; 20:

8; 34
RPL 19: 45.
horrida, 2: 41, 45.
cutee 19: 45.
multiflora (v.) superba, 19: 45.
ich ey 8, rap 45.

arkeri 45.
ae ve 426; 17: 2; 18: 8.
Smithii, 19: 41, 43; 20: 9, 77.
superba stat. nov., 19: 44, 45.
Hippochaete, 20: 13, 15, 17.
pee pee Pa 16: 45;
21:
avn “4 feng es 16: 45.
Nelsoni, 11: 72; 16: 46; 22:
preaite,7 :
prealta (v.) on 42 76.

62 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

cs Lancome continued.
ai ee - eippeae
6.

Hippseace, see also Equi-

Histor incisa, 7: 37, 46;
Ta 99.

dou > 123

Cheil enh a 18,

polypodii, 24:
BLAsAanate Aen 6: 121.
Hydropterides, 1: 11.
Hymenodium, 11: 103.
Hymenophyllaceae, rs is, 18:

47; 20: 62; 22: 20, 21.

Hymenophyllopsis, = i, Si,

22.

dejecta, 22: 22.
Hymenophyllum, 7: 87; 8: 67,
» 10; 9: 7; 19: 53, 54;
20: 53, 68, 75, 77; 22: 21,
22.

drag Ws bet 8: 68.
australe,

ciliatum,
¢erinitum, 5: 81
erispum, 8:
dejectum, 22: 22
emissum

» 20: 8-9.
. paseo see a hy ag 18: a

pelvmnicns 2: 44,

scabrum, 20: 9.
sericeum, 7: 39; 8: 70; 15:
112.

splendens, 17: 86.
hac 8: 24, 68; 16:
9,

a

Aga.
rugul sea pisbie 20:
ing

pepo AOE 21)
Isoétace cd 66, 76; 4: 63; 13:
3 10, 87; 23: 65, 66,
ie” . :- 6:
103; 15: 98, 99; 17: 31, 111,
112; 2h 132; 22: 1 136.
andina, 2 : 133,

—

19: 18.
a 3: 76, 77; 10: 101;
122.

Brau 9 : 36; 7: 62, 114; 8:
3: 7

Butle oak 14; 38; ip 65, 95.

canadensis,

coromandelina, He 113.

3: 76, 78; 4: 63; 6: 54; 19:
10, 87.
echinospora (ss.) Flettii, 3
76, 78.
echinospora (ss.) murieata, 7:

63. .
Engelmanni, 5: 12; 7: 63; 3+

InpEX VOLUMES 1 TO 25 63

Isoetes Engelmanni, contd. Salvatieri, 21:
122; 9 inensis

47; 21: 83; 23; 7,
Engelmann (v.) earoliniana,

pent (coe alk

hieroglyphiea, 21: 134.

Howellii, 3: 76, 77.

Howellii (ss.) —. 22:
90; 23:

esipaoritta: 17: iid as

Karstenii, 19: 17; 22: 129.

poses : ee 4: 65; 18:

21:

Tischer, Abe 18, 19; 22;

129, 130.

Lechleri oe anomala var.
ov., 22

Lechleri ) pagina

macrospora, 13: 91; 19: 10;
25: nA

Martii, 21: 132.

melanopods, 8: 103; 10:8, 11,

; 14: 38; 23: 40, 65, 94,

melanopoda (v.) pallida, 12:
122; 23: ie 95.

minima, 3:

montana 7 nov., 21: 134;

22: 131, 136.
Nuttallii, 3: ae 77; 12: 122;
22: 90.

occidentalis, 13: 91.
iri 12: 122; 22: 90; 23:

PEE SEK 3: 76, ps
Fi riana

7 ‘g
tds: 4: 104-105; 6: 54;

saccharata, 9: 48; 21: 136.

135.
Sp. Nov, Tele.
socia, 19: 17, 18.
Storkii nom. nov., 22
triquetra, 19: 17; 21: 133,
134.

Tuckermani, 25: 71.
bras egg (v.) borealis, 23:

Se: (v.) Harveyi, 23:

a
Jamesonia, 14: 90.
Kaloxylon Hookeri, 5: 85.
Kaulfussia sentulifolia, 20: 67.
Laccopteris, 9; 116
Lagenostoma annul 5: 84.
Lastraea, 1: 34, 35; 3: 57; 4:

tig 19, 80, LO, T2851 s
124, 125; 25: 1
arguta, 12: 7
trata, 21:
Balbisiana, 17: 124
calearea, 1
atata, 18: 121, 122; 20
A Bb poe
Dryopteris, 17: 124.
-fe mas

2
Filix-mas, 17: 125; 19: 32;
25: ae

fragrans, 1: 67.
Ho oe 20: 44,
7 (ss.) robusta, 6:

Ory a 124, 125.

, 14: 56.
The ate 4: 81; 17: 124.
Lastraea, see also ‘Aapitimes and
D

Ty
5 staan pies 24; 18.
Lepicystis, 7: 33.
Lepisorus, 24: 18.

64 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Leptochilus, 9: 7, 11; 22: 15, 18;
: 14.

a1 sp. nov., 21: 138.
lomarioides, 22: 16.
nicotianifolius, 14: 102; 18:

13.

enna 21: 138, 139.

Leptogram > 34

pamaetng o (ee
Fraseri, 20:

Leptosporangiatae, 20: 61.

Leptostegia lucida, 20: 135.
] . as 2 .

pratensis sp. nov., 23: 73,
75

Seemannii, 23: 7

omb. nov., 22:

lomarioides, 22: 17,
pteroides, 22: 16.
Lomaria, 3: 101, 104; 4: 43; 7:
37; 16: 77; 17: 65; 19; 53;
20: a.

aurea, me:

.
capensis, 17: i 100; 18: 32.
caruifolia, 20: 131
decomposita, 20: 137.
— ees 77; 17: 99; 18:

flitormis, 16: 72.

Germainii, 20: 57.

lanceolata, bite 77; 18: 32, 54.
li cy

ie ntara: e 138.

nigra, 20: 9.

aortelkiank: 16: 77; 18: 54.

maria, see also Blechnum.
sensi obotrys decomposita, 20:
137.

Lomariopsis hederacea, 25: 133.
Lophidium elegans, 9: 7
Lophod ium Filix-mas, 25: 127.
L

}
=
5
5
©

ee
KO
°
©
>
&
ns
peat

Lorinseria, see also Woodwardia.
— 16: 78, 75; 19: ct;

Cunninghami, 16: i
Lycopodiaceae, ea 66; ~ 63; 1
9: 6, 53, 86; 21: 110.

20: 2 74, 945 21: 26; 23:
127;

4
sare 4: "85, wie
7: 21: 9: 21, 24, iz "47; 1
ae pen li: 4

— : ees a
80; ya ee os
— ee 70; 8: 55; 10: 2,
if

INDEX VoLUMES 1 TO 25 65

Lycopodium, continued. 1; 8: 44; 10: 109; 14: 86.

6
clavatum (v.)

annotinum, 1: 15, 70; 3: 8, 14, subremotum,
67, 70, 74; 4: 23, 62, 68; 5 19: 875-23: 6.
36,110, 122+ 6: 3737: 61; clavatum (yv.) tristachyum,
Or 453 10772085 112 2: 13 23: 6.

113; 14: 84, 86; 16: Ty ma
6, 86; 20: 20, 21; 21: 124;

23: 26.

annotinum (v.) acrifolium, 6:
37; 16: 127; 19:. 86; 21:
124,

annotinum (v.) alpestre, 6:

annotinum (v.) pungens, 3:
41; 4: 62; G: 37; 8: 43

ek
srolinianam, 1; 45; 4: 93; 6:
oF ; noes o. 41, 0; ‘10:
SL: 283 Sis
cermium, : 133 136; - 81;
iia; if: 7; 18: 738:
3.

Stuer: 7 repel bo
clavatum, 1: 15, 45, 70; 3: 14,

; 23; 13: 4 13;
14: 84, 86; 15: 19, 112, 127;
16: 17> 18:.107;. 19:7, 87;
20: 20, 21; 21: 27; 23: 6,
17, 26, 89.
clavatum (v.) integerrimum,
clavatum (v.) laurentianum,
23: 6.
clavatum (v.) megastachyon,
: a: 3; 8: 44;
mono-
stachyon, 3: 121; 5: 36; 7:

complanatum, 1: 70, 103, 116,

21: 27, 82, 89; 23: 26, 43,
89; 25: 67.
complanatum (ss.) chamaecy-
arissus, 1: 70; 16: 17.
complanatum (ss., v.) flabelli-
orme, 1: ;

is ‘22 : 121; 23: 18, 4

67.
eeegerote (v., an Wibbei,
+ 5: 36;
bse fb 50.
peninany an ai ise 1,
dich S11 12; i. 13.

14,15; 452 09; 19°: 87,
flabelliforme x tristachyum, 3:

15.
inundatum, 1: 15, 116; 2:

inundatum (v.) Bigelovii, 7:
Ae 8: ig

Jussia

iaienian, ~ ie

66

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

chun ceapormage
idulum,

1; 103
119; 3: 14, 40, 67, coy
4; 62, 68, 85, 119; 5: 35, ne
11

14, 67, (ae tes 4

7, 545 7: 60; 8: 14, 44,
56, 57; 9: 47; 10: 108; 1
1, 34; 13: 41, 113, 126; 14

0; Bt 46,
GA: &: Acai ab. jaca
25: 126.

prostratum, 10: 81.
pungens, 1:
reflexum, 5: 82; 12 SO- Ib:

sbinaeolinm, 2: 49, 50, 51;

; 5: 3, 4, 13; 8: 45,
‘a 15: 99; 20: 154; 23:
6.

sabinaefolium (y.) sitchense,
21: 124; 23: 6; 24: 81.

selaginoides, - 69.
lago, 1:

20: 107, ote 21: 123; 23:
7; 25: 66,

elas (v.) scales (e
121

21.
Selago (v.) patens, 25: 66.
setaceum

aye be:
sitchense, 3: 67, 68, 70; 5: 3;
8: 44, 55; 10: 2; 11; 2; 34
84; 15: 99; 16: 17
Skutchii, 24:

struthioloides, 11: 35, 36.
taxifolium, 5: 82; 7: 50; ab Bs
35, 5: 12,

?
évistaohraun 1: 103, 141, 143;
2: 49, 50, 51, 52; 3: 14, 15,
yi 5: :

95; 23: 7, 18.
tristachyum (v.) boreale, 22:
a :
tristachyum (v.) Haberer,
23: 6.

Oldhamiu

, 5: 84.
Lygodium, ae ‘10, 55, 106; 3: 56;

4: 20; 41: 103, 111, 112,
113; 12: 40; 14; 17:
25; ‘20: 67, 69, 73.

articulator, 16: 71, 78; 07
100

oiliiniae: es Shas 135; 12: 52.
flexuosum
Sasouiniina: oe 16; 40::79; 41;

90, 91.
oligostachyum, 2: 71.
sepcapns z 117; 2: 22, 92;

4: 4; 5: 90; 6; 54, 121; 8:

INDEX VoLUMES 1 To 25

Lygodium ae contd.
41, 42, 91; 10:

eH
ao Oo
“ee

“ee

aia Be aM “136;
2: 53 tc h15s 17: .

caper AO Aes Oe os
17: 13° 18: 8.

' seanden 16.
Macros, 20; 70, 715-72:
li

@) A7% 4.
Marattiales, 1: 44; 20: 61.
arginaria polypodioides, 9:
101.
Marginaria, see also Polypo-
dium.
Marsilea 4: ) 112: 103:
caribaea, 1
Dr ermionds 01.
mucronata, Fe en: 14: 36.
papmaiess 2: 140; 25: 90,

temuifolia; “17:
ne 5; me 9: 20; 14:
rau:
vestita, 4: 55, 56; 5: 76; 9:
19; Padua ye
129; 12: ag 14: 36; 16:
‘17: 64 : 89; 23: 81;

: 4.
Marsiloaeae 1: 11; 3: 66; 4:
5.

Marsileales, 1: 44.
Matonia, 9
pectinata, 9: 116; 20: 69.

116,
um, 9: 116.
Matteuccia, 4: 23; 6: 6; 25: 100.
nodulosa, 6: 36.
orientalis, 4: 23,
Struthiopteri Es 92
23, 73; . fe
re Paps 8:88, 98; 9:
46; 16: 125; 19: 108; 22

117; 23: 14, 26.
Matteuccia, see also Onoclea and
Pteretis.
36;
r os culatum, 1: 136,

134; ‘2:

Microlepia, 11: 103.

24: 48.
inbone: 24: sf
eluncae,

sp!
PP tsi oo. i 7 bs 9; 48,
dareicarpa, 9: 48, 50.
minea, 9: 48.
aradoxa, 9: 50.
subfaleata, 9: 50.
trichoidea, é 50.
6

: 123,
pevetlabolden: a0: 88: (37:

tian, 12: 76.
asplenioides, 17: 124.

68 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

N aeghrodiam, continued,
i 37;

37
cristatum, 3: 54; 11: 120; 17:
124,
atl a (v.) Clintonianum,

eitiotan x Goldianum, 4: 105.
cristatum x marginale, 3: 56;
Tt 220,

cristatum (v.) Slossonae, 6:
103

decompositum, PAE iar ae
Dryopteris, 17; 124.

ilix-foemina, 17: 124; 25:
127.

124; 25:
fovdgnisn. 6 6:
Goldianum, 3: 55; Ad: 120;
hirtipes, 9: 115
K

Filix-mas, 12: 77; 17: 123,
he

lanosum, 17: 124.
marginale, 3: 54,55; 11: 120;
17: 124.

mexicanum, 12.96. 96;
9: 92.

86; 5: 103; 1
rufidulum, 17: ie
i inatosum, 3: 54; 9: ove li:

rigidum (ss., v.) baa 3:
12:

ee ae a dilatatum,
> 54, 55.

spinulosum (ss.) fructuosum,
19: 136.

spinulosum (v., f.) interme-
ium 54, 55.

pe rg es (v.) stick

sla cals 17: 124.
unitum

, 13: 93; 19: 23.
Meplinodisau. see lat Aspidium,

i aides | psoas & and

Thelypter
Nephrolepis, : 125; 6:.8; 7

piers: ae 128, ~ 136; 2:
1025 7: ral 3 12: 51;
18: ‘12; 19
bostoniensis, 91.

bos bee niensis mes ss.) Gret-

2 41.
pase 6: 9; 7: 42; 11:
48; 12: 87; 15: 107, 108,
111, 112; 24: 49.
Dufii, 1 11: 48; 17: 48.
ore 1: 46, 475.2: = ei
102 8, o>
123; o 11; ‘19: . "119;

25: ‘44,

exaltata (hort. ss., v.) bos
toniensis, 6: 9, 10, 11, 12, 18;
14, 15; 9: 61; 12: 87; 19:
75.

exaltata (hort. ss.) bostonien-
s (f.) fertilis, 15: 128.
Sichecs (ss.) superba, 13:

129.
pectinata, 9: 11; 15: 108; 17°
11, 86.
pendula, 17: 5; 18: 9, 12, 18-
91.

Trevilliani, 14: 90,
tuberosa, 6:

INDEX VoLUMEsS 1 TO 25 69

N spaehacion vey (-e) triangu-
aris,'4: 47; 12: eg
so aeas pinnatum, 1: 136.

Neurosoria page A 130.
Notholaena, 2: es rat? ie | eve ON Bo
6:

Aschenborniana, 3: ; Bb: 4,

pormitinns 1: 146.
bipinnata, 3: 115.

bona es Di G83 30; lies

1 pets Gos 20: 142.
californica Ve Was 12: nee
a 22: " : -
nas an Hie « 3 ee
¢ andida ae ‘ eae seuiade

a:
crises as LEP res 109,
cretacea, 2: 13; 5: 99, 101;

16: 80; 17: 127;
18: 9, 42; 22: 111; 23: 92;

ns, 19: 23.
Eek tloniana 9: 125,
sp. 163.9;
oneness 5: ae ‘13: 117; 22:
3, il.
pa ts Bi 7 9: 82.

siete:
Hooker, fs . 17: 85; 20:

h nee sp. nov., 5: 4, 6.
nd ie :: or 113; 20:

pce sp. ots 7: 108, 109;
12: 108;
laevis, 3: a ne 109.

a 25: 87, 88.
ina, 1: 146.
imitates He nov.,; 9::-70,..72,
8:

,
PGiaie ne ee ssp.
9: 72, 73318: 42.
0: 56

: 205.
Newberryi, 1: 17; 2: 13, 15;
5 12: me 113; 22:
4

sinuata, 5: 68; 9: Bi. 16: 73;
57; 17: 84, 127; 20:

sinuata (ss., v.) integerrima,
3: wow) 5: eg 12: 109-17:
84; 20:
pipers nom, nov., 5: 1, 69;
2 127. 20: 142; 22: 134.

re Pes 19: 15;
tenera, Be 99; 7: 107, 108,
09.
tichomanoides 7: 37, 46; 15:
- LB:

tichomanoide (ss.) pilosa,
73.

iluseranoihes (v.) subnuda,

112,

Odontosoria, 4: 20; 22: 21.
a, 16:

ana. 12:

Wri
rile ia on 1 nov., 24:

70 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

cling -greonag
artic 7: 48

uidae, oo 15.
pens cervina, 1: 77; 5: 81;
48:

Poe 1: 105, 106; 3: 56; 4:
19, -61; 15: 16; 22: 109;
5: 79.

Nie inl 01
sensibilis, ac G1; 10a; S: Ot;

21: 88, 111; 22: 26, tl

117; 28: 26, 47, 60,

24: 88, 90, 91, 92, 11, a
2, 5, 102.

35: 3.

sensibilis (v.) fossilis, 21:
111

sensibilis (v., He a epetiece:
4: 61; 5: ; 6: 99; 11:
85; 13: he te 16;
13; 20: 83; 22: Laban 23: 14;
25:

Struthiopteris, S145 at 39.

101, 117; 23: 60

Coenen S$: 66; 4
2207,

Onoclea, see also Matteue
Ptereti

eretis and Struthiopteris.

eres, Ls 106; Tl:

icin 20: 130, 131, 138.
aureum comb. nov., 20: 130,

ca DENA, 20:

eryptogrammoides, 20: 129,
135,
densum, 8: 114, 116; 19: 14,

, 41.
japonieum, 12: 89; 20: 129,
8.

? ?

japonicum (v.) Delavayi, 20:
137

japonicum (v.) intermedium,
Zoe 185,

japonicum (v.) lucidum, 20:
35, 136

japonicum (y.) multisecta, 20:
35

japonicum (v.) parvisorum,
20:
lucidum 20: 5
melanolepis, 20 : 129, 131, 133.
38.

- 4: 63,
18: 109; 19:
25

25: 47, 79.

9 7, 85;
19: 1; 20: 20, 21, 113; 92: ophigln, 1: 11, 4%
; 24: 88, 70; 20: 61.

INDEX VOLUMES 1 TO 25 71

Ophioglossum, 3: 13, 66, 97;
4: 67, 121, 122; 5: 58, 115;

arenarium, of 47, 48,115; 16:

“Bi s 202.07,

cliforieun : 30; 12: 118;
22: 3 : 25: 89, oo,

coalophoride 4: 86
6

=-Of.
Sop tae 4: 40, 122; 5:

pence a 92; 16: 56.
intermedium, 58.
mete me 57.
moluceanum, 5: 58

3 20: 67.

fatuasie 12: 119. ‘95: 89, 90.

palmatum, 1: 52; "a: 44; 20:
65.

Dennen enn 20: 67.
pendulum, 5: 58; 20: 66, 68.
pusillum, 6: 42; ‘10: G7)
reticulatum, 1: 45,

22: 43, "45, 101, ‘118; 23: 13,

25, 62; 24: Aig 90, 91, 111;
25: 77, 90,
ic concn gs arenasti, 25:
i,
vulgatm (v., : ; lanceolatum,
$120; 26:
ee % minus, 16:
1, 2,3

vulgatum i : oka
mee Tk
hs wae (f.) pseudopodum,

Cae (f.) pusillum, 25:
98

Ormoloma, 24: 23
omed » 24:
ni

3.
hopteris mexicana, 9: 51.

12; okt 55, 103; 18: 95;
22: ; 24: 119.

cimstaomen 61, 10232: 17;

119, 120;

cinnamomea (9 le. *
116; 25:

72

Osmunda, continued.

cinnamomea (ss., V., ae auri-
: 100; 2:
5: on 23: 14,
96; 25: 99.
cinnamomea
fida, 4

f:) ae.
15

gmt IT
sicaaiavend eas v., f.) fron-

cinnamomea (f-) cornucopiae-
25: 99,

“ee

132, 20: 21; 23: 3, 14, 95;
25: '38 99,
cinnamomea (ss., v.) glandu-
losa, 4: 116; 10: 117; 11:
99
cinnamomea (v.) imbricata,
25: 100.

cinnamomea (v., File ae wi

i uy, 118; 6: 98; 7: 6
14: ss: as: 95, 187,
4: ai 25

cinnamomea fe ga

> 117, 118; 25: 99,

cinnamomea (f.) trifolia, 4:
Af,

Claytoniana, 1: 55, 61, 102,

; 3: 14, 44, 93; 4:

18,
70, 115; 5: 38, 90, 110, 119;

be
S
pond
So
Saad
bd we
i
~y
“
Jou
ve
bo

25s
47, 60, 115; 24: 88, 90, ee

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

92, 111, 119, 120; 25: 2, 6,

» 98.
Claytoniana (ss., v., f.) dubia,
Ze OTS Brag, 98; iat of;

14: 21; 25:
Clytoniana ) Mackiana
3, 57; 25: 99.
Praia sary & ) vestita, 22:
132,

gracilis, 22: 24,
25: 100.

Baa
regalis, i: “45, 61, 102, 116;
AW eat: 14, ie 93; 4: 18,

23: . 26, 60, 119; 25: 38,
ao.
regalis (sv., f.) anomala, 25:
ae (ss.) gracilis, 24: 88,
91.

regalis (f.) interrupta, #
a2 ee he reall

regalis (f.) linearis, 25: 98.

regalis (ss., f.) orbiculata, 2:
91; 25: 98,

regalis (v.) spectabilis, 11: 73
14: 2, ae 122; 16: 12; 19:
85; 21: 66; 22: 23, 24, 7; ;
24: 20; oe 5, 77, 98.

INDEX VoLUMEs 1 TO 25 1S

Osmunda, continued. 36, 47, 88, 90, 91, 110, 120;
Sciam k. 6: 36, 55; 22: 23, 25: 4, 64, 68, 75.

8. aaa ahi vo Bushii, 4:
Sea 625; 24:20. BOs 753; 19s 1s oot 312.
virginiana, 25: 96. atropurparea rs cristata,

Osmundaceae, 4: 61, 63; 18: 112,
0; 19: 85; 20: 62; 22: ce (v.) minima, 22:
; 112.
Paesia seaberula, 19: 54; 22: atropurpurea (v.) occiden-
99. oe 7: 82, 84; 11: 40; 22:
viscosa, 7
Paltonium lancoolatum, 2: 6, 81. brachyter, 2; 113; 4: 30,
Pellaea, 3: 56, 102, 103; 4: 47; 64; 24: 91.
5: 99; 8: 57, 58, 89; 10; Scary 7: 82, 83, 86; 8: 90,
92; 11: 39, 104; 16: 81; 91, 92; 11: 80; 22: 6, 7, 11;
7 be. 107; 21: 53, 54; 22: 24:
8 Bridges, 2 we 114; 8: 90;

35 be 78:
snare Te 1895,.525 79; 24:
PA Se Oe pee 107, compet 8: ne 89, 90; 12:
108; A A ee 12: HOS: 17:

106, 107; 23:
; 20: 57; 22: 87; 23: 81; soe 16: 57; 17: 77, 82;
24: 5,91; 25: 68, 91, 92. : 42; 24: 29,
Koes 16: 57. sen, 2: 100, 118, 204; 4:
aspera, 8: 89, 93, 94; 9: 54. Md Tie Be 4, 115,
atropurpurea, 1: 62; 2: 90; 3: ee v8 103; 14: 124; 17
« , 90, 97, 88 107; 19: 14, 40; 22: 7; 26:
101, 116; 5: U1, 20, 32, 125, -
74, 89, 106, 109, 110, i faleata, 18: 32.
119; G> 47, $2.57: 3; 4 0, flexuosa, 5: 107; 9: 54; 16:
51, 56, se 78, 79, 80, 81, 58; 18:42; 25: 91, 92, 93.
82, 85, EB, 68, 50, fumariaefolia, 20: 130,
93, 101; . a 53, 108, 121; glabella, 4: 101; 5: 106; 7:
10:7, 11, 17, 20, 24, 38, 51, 3, 5, 77, 79, 80, 81, 82,
59, 60, 70, 85; 11: 39, 88, 83, 84, 86; 8: 59, 91, 92,
2 106, 119; 14: 3, 108; 10> 17, 83; 10
119, 122, 124; 15: 126, 127; 39, 40, 75, 16, 77, 78, 80,
54, 55, 79, 80, 93; 17: 81; : , 124; 16
53, 61, 82, 128, 133; 18: 57; 2; 16: 54, 55, 79; 17: 128;
0 9, 140; 20: 121, 19: 1; 20:
141; 21: 19, 51, 56, 58, 65, “a 11; 23: 43, 44, 66; 24:
83, 88 Me 00; 25 4, 68,

; entalis
92, 111, 115, 124; 24: 33, comb. nov., 7: 82, 83, 85, 86.

74 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Pellaea, continued.
glabella (v.) simplex var.

; 18:

intermedia (v.) pubescens, 17:
SLAs :

longimucronata, 8: 58, 89, 90;

gs Eg

marginata, 3: 115; 8: 117.

membranacea, 8: 19.

pee re 8: 104, 105, 106,
107, 108.

niusbaiats 3: 114; 5: 74; 8:
OB, 89,.90; 31: 417s 3S:
106, oe 18: 42; 22: 88
23:

i uae nh californica
mb. > 106.

myrilitolin, ‘2: 57,

notabilis, 1

occidentalis, re AT; 0; SS,

: 58, 74,

piediers ‘Wrightiang 2: 113,

pulchella, 5: 74; 9: 54.

apes 7: 82, 83, vt 11: 40,
ae 77, 78, 79, 80, 81;

$3:

rfaeeni Sp. nov., as a8
pace 12: 105; 25:

pee : 08.
serene 18: 32.
seabra, 5: 74; 8: 89, 94.
Steller, 8: 102.
S & sp. nov., 11: 40,
75, 7. 77, 78, 79, 80, 81.
ternifolia, 3: 116; 6B: 74;

77; 16: 58; 17:
truncata, 3: 113
viridis, 12: 89.

Wrightiana, 2: 114; 3: 114;
5: 74; 8:
28: 107s. 17: 82,228;
141.

82; 20: 57.

lo]
Ol
1
ie)
©
o
©
oO

hab acti (v.) californica,

: 106.
Wight (v.) compacta,
Pesopteis ‘lu:

olia, 1:

*

Phanerophlebia ; Bs 43.
5.

Phegopteris, 1: 34, 35, 36; 3:
102, 104, 106; 17: 122, 124,
25; 25: 15, 75, 79.
apestris, 1: 36; 3: 107, 108;
12,

see: Boo,

Si; Qi: 738, 1 :
134; 23: 25, 60; 24: 88, 91,
120

; 101, 115; 2
61; 24: 88, 90, 91, 120.

INDEX VOLUMES 1 TO 25 15

brghionte nag ib ed.
Phegop : 12, 36;'2: $9;
3: 44, , ee 108; 4: 70, 92:
5: 38; 8: 78; 16: 127.
ply 3: 8, 14; 4:
By LI s Gt 8, 110. aL

56; 19:

eo: :
Phegopteris, see also Dryopteris
and Thelypteris

Phlebodam aureum, 1: 46, 135;

Phyllitis 3
peerage 410217, 21; 10;
33; 20: 79, 114; 21: 13; 24:
81, 88; 2
Phyllitis, see es Scolopen-
riu
Phymatodes, 1: 77.
exiguum, 2: 6; 9: 24
lycopodioides, 1: 77.
oreganum, 4,

aria americana, 12: 121;
22: 89; 23: 81.
Pityrogramma pieerae 7
; a ya | 2: EBS
: 5, 86; 18: 7, 9.
crypt 17:

s 89.
tae 15: 112.
sulphurea, 7: 37, 45; 12: 89;
15 : 86.

ahead, 7: 37, 45; 12: 89;
15: 108, 112, 114; 17: 13,

ae 12: 89, 104, 105;
19: 16; 22: 40; 23:

ee
triangularis (v.) Maxoni, 12:

‘ ;
soon (s8., v-) viscosa,
1 104, 105 : 40.

scosa, 23: 79.
ie. 11: 98, 104; 20:
73.
alcicorne, 19: 93,
ie de, 19 :

19: 93.
?
Sistem andromedaefolia, 12:

Pleurosorus papaverifolius, 20:

Poly bot ne 7: 15, 16; 11: 104.
aspidioides, 13: 121.
caudata, 17: 5; 18: 13
mundacea, 17: 5; 18: 13.
ul 3

villosula, 18: 13.
Polypodiaceae, 3: 66, 101; 4: 19,
or Li si 18: 110; 19: 38,
Paoli e 57, J13; 2: 122;
01, 104; 4: 19, 51,

1; 23; 93; 25: 13, 14, 60.
seuleatam, 10: 5, Til; 17:

121, 122.
Giopitiates 5: 51.

7; 30: 2
angustifolium, 5: 80; 7: 46;
12: 50; 15: 107, 112, 114;
16: 58.

araneosum, 16; 57.

76

Polypodium, continued.
asplenifolium, 5: 79; 17: 51;

8: 48, 49.
astrolepis, 17: 49, 91, 94; 25:
5

8.
aureum, 2: 39, 44, 102; 6: 40,

bryophilum sp. nov., 16: 7.

californicum, 1: 19, 37, 385 2;

my 42; S87, 06; 67.9,

LOZs 82 fei: 7 i2:

147; 18: 14, 75, 79, 80, 86;
8.

cliforieum (v.) interme-
m, 13: - 76, 77, 78, 80

rey pe 83, 84, 86.
caifornicum ra Kaulfussii
3: 75, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 86.

te

4

2

costaricense, 9: 12; 18: fies
Neca pais Beye
15: 108, 114; - ma
cretatum nom. nov.; 5: 51;
t: 47

cristatum, 17: 123.

15: 114;
curvatum, 7: 47
yelocolpon, 4: 82

disjunctum, 3: 115.

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

div ersifolium, 18: 32.
Dryopteris, 3: 54; 25: 15.
duale, 5: 0.

ellipticum, 25: fe
elongatum, 2:

sieeiar ae = 16; 20: 138,

- 5: 83; 12: 50; 16:

exornans sp. nov., 18: 47, 49.

faleatum, 4: 64; 18: 14; 17:
107; 20: 41.

Filix- auton. 19: 39; 25: 127.

Filix-fragile, 25: 127, 128,
130.

firmulum, 1: 147.

fragile, 12: ie 19: 38; 25:
127, 128, 129, 130.

fructuosum, 13: 16.

peseraice: 6: 90; 7: 33; 16:

sae 12: 50:

grammitidis, 18: 32.

arti 22:

Harr

oe 4: 53, 54, 111; us
67; 10: 102; 12: 118;
14; 19: 98; 21: 109, ay
22: 3

Hessii, 16: 8.

heterophyllum, 17: 51.

leucosporum, 25: 58.

INDEX VoLUMEs 1 TO 25 ‘Ks

Polypodium, continued.
leucosticton, 7: 33, 34; 15:

114.
lineare, 24: 18.
Lonchitis, 10: 88; 19: a

8.
sairanea eee cs 53, ie 73.21.
occultum,
otites, 1b: 107, ae 114,

Lia 118s 25: 39:
percussum, 1: 125; 17: 6; 18:
12.
persicariifolium, 23: 106.

pint tila 3; 543 21: 144;

15.
Pina 2: 6, 102; 7: 47;
9: ie: - seg! beg ss 17: Oi;

plod, Ny es % 35, 47;

Plumula, 2: 18; 6: “43, 71h 4:

sah at nid: 17-01; 18:
40; 19: 114, 118; 25: 39.
Reeey, 20: 5
polylepis, 16: s "85: 58.
polyodon, 20:
polypodioides, el 45, 46, 77,
, 125, 184; 2: 6, 102; 4:
a 8G; 6: 77, 1; Fe 48,
3 8: 60; 9: 10, 12, 43, 52,

88, ae 15: 77; Me See 127,
1
+3

punctatum, 17:
rae in 18: 32; 20: 7.
andalli sp. nov., 18: 46, 47;

s, 15: 114.
Ro bates 25: 15.
Saffordii nom. nov., 2: 19, 20;

3: 2.

Seouleri, 1: 18, 38, 82; < 15;

53, 54; 24: 6;

serpens, 2: 102.

serrulatum, 2: 20,

sordi see hoy,,. 17; 91,
92, 93, 25: 58.

pes at % 12, 3, 23% (see
Microlepia

squamatum, 6: 90; 7! aot 1b:
07, 114.

steirolepis, nom. noy., 7: 33.

subauriculatum, 11: 98.

subauriculatum (ss., Vv.)
Knightae, 11: 98; 13: 129.

subpetiolatum, 16: 58.

subtile, 5: 50, 51, 52.

78 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Polypodium, continued.

suspensum, 7: 48; 17: 51; 18:
49.

Swartzii, 2: 6, 102; 19: 115,
118.

synammia, 20: 58, 59.

Tachiroanum, 20: 45.

thyaanoleps, i a14;.18: 78:
; 17: 49, 81.

. a4.
Vexatunt, 1b: i, oW

virginianum (f.) alato- matt
fidum, 14: 7, 60,

virginianum (t.) bipinnati-
fidum, 14: 1, 5, 7, 60, 61.

virginianum (f.) brachypteron,
14: 60.

— (as, £
coides f. nov., 14: 1, 5,
ao 61; BH 89; 16; 124; 20:
32; 24: 85.
giana ‘(f. ) chondroides,
: 60.

gina (f.) Churchiae,
: 60; (see Dryopteris mar-
inalis f. Churehiae).

Virginianum (f.) deltoideum,

14: 1, 5, 60; 15: 3, 88; 16;
i sa
virginianom ee elongatum,
aS aety OUR
pis ee te wabsinanioe

rey 1: ‘e 20, 21, 25,
27, 45, 57, la 2: 89, 102
3: 9, 14, 44, 54, 93; 4: 4, 58,

24: 20, 47, 88, 90, 91, 120;
25: 67, 103.

vulgare (v.) angustum, 7: 57.

vlugare (ss., v.) auritum, 1:
7, 8, 25, 26, 27

vulgare (ss.) bifido-cristatum,
1: 8

vulgare ae peprigs ¢800°
om

vulgare “te. ra cambrieum,

124, 127; - 24: 24.
vulgare (v.) Churchiae, 7: 57;

20: 124; 23: 8, 12, 38, 93,
94,

ean pis - columbianum, 21:

vulgare gi ‘eristatum, 7: 58.

INDEX VOLUMES 1 TO 25 79

Polypodium, continued.
ph < deceptum, 11:
3 14:

rage (¥. £.) deltoideum, 7:

vulgare (£.) elongatum, 1: 8.
Ne oa (v., f.) hastatum, 1:
; 14: 5,

vole (v.) hesperium, 12:

pets (v.) Kaulfussii, 24: 6.

vulgare (v., f.) multifidum, 1:
Cs
vulgare (v.) pean, B iy Zi
107; 21: 52, 118
vulgare (v.) ovatum, 1:
speek (v.) pac pecatitien: 4:
GE ae

SS (v., f.) ramosum, 1:
3 7: 68,

ak (f.) rotundatum f.

noy., 11: 48, 2
eae id semilacerum, 13:

teens (v., 1) sinuatum, 1;
3 11: 8 83; 14> 61,

ae inum, 15: ar 114, 117.

fenuimas 3: 57, 102, 104,
118; 4: 9, 23, 120; 7: 37; 8:

33, 58; @: 6; 10: .311; 12:

104; 12: 82; 17: 121, 122,

123, 124, 125; 20: 29, 42,
43, 45; 22: 2, 8; 26: 79.
acrostichoides, 1: 61, 103; 2:

46, 84, 91, 108; 10: 75, 88;
11: 10, 83, 106, ee 12: 43,
96, 97; 13: 41 28,
131; 14: 8, 41, 88, ae 122;
15: 37, 127; 16: 14, 52, 93,

127; 17: 15, 17, 32, 104,
6

23, 88, 90, 91, 92, 112; 25:
5, 62, 75, 103
acrostichoides (ss., v.) cris-
1: 8; 10: 75; 24: 90.
——e (f.) eristatum,
24,

sirstivhsthes x Dryopteris
cristata ?hybr. nov., 3: 83.
ee (f.) Gravesii,

pevoatiche: dex (s8., ‘¥., 1.):10-
cisum,

23: 14, 62; 24: 90,
acrostichoides oes lanceola-

tu
serostichoides (f.) ee
3 22: 55; 23: 14;

acrostchoides (f.) reeurva-
LCs

t
sereeievaites eS Schwein-
itzii, 17: 32; 22: 115.
setslnstous, 4: ‘64; OS: cet Os
26, 116; 10: 88; 15: 63;
17: 121; heey 32, 20:

79, 114 88.
aculeatum fe peli 24: 7,
adiantiforme, 5: 80; 7: 92;
8: 34; 12: Ka 18: 32.
ense sp. , 8: 34, 35,

36; 11: stg

sibiguani, 7: 41.
mi sp. nov., 3: 116,
117; 5: 20; 8: 33, 34, 37;

80

Polystichum pia contd.

10: 2, 3, 105; 11: 106; 21:
119; 28: 67; 25: 93.
angulare 13: 32. 20: 79, 114;
: 140.

Moorthy 2 is Sue

24: 46, “88, 91, ‘1;
136,
ier Ne Purshii, 18: 59;

cinco, bag +. 30
10: 88; 21: 119; 23:

?

Christianae, 7: 41,

tnleatinnn (v.) intermedium,

20: 51.

faleatum (v.) macropterum,

20: 51.

Palcabims (v.) polypterum,
, 50.

Filis-mas, 17: 122; 25: 127,
52s.

Fortunei, 20:
Hookerianum, ed 45,

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

integripinnum, 20: 45.
Jenningsi, 8: 34, 36, 37; 10:

2, 3.
Tetinsad Oo: 118.4 Oa
13, 14, 30, 64; 10: Pia 18:

&: 30% : 88,
100, bi 14: 106; 15: 91;
17: 122, 123; 19: 38;
20: 2, un, Rept gi: 319;

22: 8, >: Ol.
snr vee marginale f.
nov., 07
lomehitotdes: 20: 50.
machaer Dee haieiae: 15: 114.
Marantae, 17:
miyajimense, 20:
mohrioides, 18: ns 22: 9,
133
mohrioides (v.) elegans, 22:
133.

os an latifolia, 20:

57;
eckeiniies © scopulinum,

pine (ss., Vv.) imbricans,
4: 11, 13; 19: 39; 22: 38.
eats tee) inciso- ,-serratum,

16.
munitum (ss.) solitarium, 1:

muricatum, 15: 108.

INDEX VoLUMEs 1 TO 25 81

Poly seiigiodesc: continued.

poiseeinhitorie. 7: 42; 15:
2

thizophorum, 7: 42,

43; 19: 38; 21: 119; 23:
67

solitarium, 1: 147.

i ie 175 F225

spongi spr ae nov., 19: 47.
pe 13:

strigosum, 17: eo
struthionis, 7: 37, 42.

121,
triangu ; 42; 8: 34; 15:

Ail, 114, a7: 49, 31:19:
48.

tripteron, 15: 63.
tsus-simense, 12: 83.

Underwoodii, 19: 48.
iy

46.
Polystichum, see also Aetop-
teron, Aspidium, and Dry-
opteris.
Polytaenium lineatum, 15: 108,
114.
Pomatophytum 25: 56.

pocillatum, 25: 54.
dag sacar 6: 91,

conges a 3, 4.
hirta, a
imen ei ». nov., 18: 3, 4.

Warseewiezii, 18: 3,
Psilotaceae, on 110.

Psilotum, 11: 101, ree 20: 63.
nudum 18; 3: 5: 83

Pteretis, 6: 6; 25: 100, 101,
tiodulona, 8:5, 6.98. @:-y.

40, 46, 108; 11: 3, 8, 23;
13: 105, 108, 111; 15: 127;
16: 13; 17: 55; 19: 85, 110;
22: 106, 117; ‘93: 48, 122;
24: 20, 88, 92, 111, 120; 25:
2, 5, 76.

oo GPG. 14: dA
24:

silerey see also Matteuccia,
moclea, and ama ee

0
Pteridium, 2: 81; 3: 103;

79, 101; 9: 43; 13: 112;
17: 127; 18: 8; 20: 55;
22: 6; 23: 17, 26, 115; 25:
133.

wre este vy.) caudatum,
ds 46; 5.

pois (v.) esculenta, 19:
53.

aquilinum an longifolium

comb. no Bs;
aquilinum as pseudocauda-
tum, 4: 90; 14: 35, 41

10: 102; i: 117; = 17,
126; 14: 123; 1
=m, 85; 19: 40, 98; ot] 28,

3 Gar Od, BV;
pn aes (f.) gaan 15:

63.
arachnoideum, 15; 108, 111.
org a: 77, 182; 2: 17:

12: 46, 52; ‘16: 17;

82 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Pteridium eaudatum, cont’d.
a7 18; 42; 19: 114,

Is
lidtdesilnin (ss., v.) pseudo-
caudatum comb. noy., 9:
44; 21: 64, 88; 22: 11:

Pteridiom, see also Pteris.

: 5; ot 1; 83-11:
104; 12: 90; 15: 42, 453 20:
9, 63, 75, 129; 22: 2,6; 25:
64.

adiantoides, 12: 89; 19: 94.
altissima, 5: 80.
andromedaefolia, 12: 105.
angustifolia, 20: 137.

~ ?
68; 21: 144; 29: 6, 11, 101;
23: 60; 24: 20, 88, 90, 91;
25: 102,
aquilina ee + V.) lanuginosa
1: 38; 19: 40,
aquilina pe + V.) pseudocan-
data, 2: 89; 6: 40, 52; 9:

?

44; sii 68; 21: 64; 22:

a bh 40.

aquilina ba. v.) pubescens,
; 22: 6.

a
chilensis

can 20: fags Sess
chrysosperm:

as: 20;

ae 18: aS He tsb pel fy Bre

119; : 49.

eretiin ee albo-lineata, 12:
90, 93.

eitin (v.) Alexandrae, 12:
90,

cretica ‘Gort: ss.) Childsii,
3: 129

cretica (v.) major, 12: 90.

eretica (v.) Mayi, 12: 90.

eretica (v.) rivertoniana, 12:
90.

eretica (v.) Wilsoni, 12: 91.

eretica (vy.) Wimsetti multi-
ceps, 12: 9

ensiformis, 12: 91; 20: 130.

ensiformis (v.) Sieboldi, 12:

eariteunis (v.) variegata, 12:

ensiformis (hort. ss., v.) Vie-

24: 22. :
grandifolia, 7: 46; 12: 52;
18: 9,

INDEX VoLUMEs 1 TO 25 83

Pteris, continued.
ae 15: 108.
ine : 33.
ipo 20: 134.
i sp. nov., 23: 107.
ie 9.

eae
latiuscula, 43.
latiuscula pseudocaudata
comb, nov., 25: 40.
ae d: - A; 22.0, A
8, : | 46; 9; 119,
a j 16 69, pos 12: rr

92, 113, 114, 115, 118; 24:
49.
recent dep 20: 133.
da, a By SO; 6: 775
) eg | 8; 24: 49.

17, 18;

i: 9
multifida ( as cristata, 12:
91 .

mutilata, 1

er a ts 7: 46 > 389° 112,
aundrinorit (ss.) argyraea,
12: 91,93.

ie ciaiin I7: G5,
a la, 19: 23;

beru 22: 27, 28.
sericea, 23:
trulata, 4: 87, 88, 89, 90;
1:9 bape el Os 12;
O1; 17: 86, 105.

silieulosa, re 129, 131.
Se 12> 01+ 38: a3; 19:
re 19: 115, 119, 128.
Wim setti, 19: 92.

eb es Pteridium.

a, 25: 39.
eretica (v.) albo-lineata, 25:
39.

Rachi re — 5: 85.
Rhipi

Saccoloma POT 97.8172 6:
sedans: 24: 23.
08.
58.
Sagenopteris, 1: 106; 13: 123.
Salpichlaena voinbilia, 1: 126.
Salvinia, 11: 48, 101, 105; 19:
75.
aera a 49, 50, 53;
16: UT: 18: 12.
Parsee (¥.) A Sipe a1:
49, 50, 51.

natans, 2: oh 11: 48, 49, 50,

ae: 16: 57.
Salviniaceae, 1: a BS: 66; 4:

sae of ole i ee
Schizaea, 3: ie i, 12, 13; 4:
co A2Ls 22061 20: 28,

ste: a 65; 20: 74.
dichotoma, 20: 76.
sep ‘ — J1 5-6: 16, 54;

re 8 aye 17; 30; 25:
rupestris, 20: 74.
oo Bt 206; T7:. 1;

20:
ee asian Ly 106,
cit eda 3: 34, Pi 36; 6:
Sn ee | 4:

20: 115, 1

24: 65.
lucidum, 20: 135.

84

Scolopendrium, continued.

oO
lor)

vulgare, 1
11

: LOL) 23:. 26; 24: 32,
OL.

vulgare x Cama Tricho-
manes, 6:

Seolopendrium, see also Phyl-
lit

Seog a> 16, 445° 3: 73

24: 116.
acanthonota, 4: 85; 21: 82,
89.

— 6: 7; 9: 47; 21: 109;
: 10 : 3.

2; :
eae rage 89; 22: 121;
23: 18.
arenicola, 5: ae Or: 28s 2401.

arizonieca, 11:
sag ies Et = LOTS ish
+ ges On.

?

Bigelovii, 2: 15; 11: 117; 13:
23: 82

ic
i]
i]
a
ide
i)
ay
©

: 99.
cinerascens, aa: 1, be 22: 92:
23; 82.

columbiana, 11: 37,

conduplicata, 17: 8; 18: 8.

densa, 3: 75, 118 , 119; 5: 77;
0: 99, 109; U1: 38, '39; 13:

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

didymostachya, TOO;

eremophila, 11: 89; “43: Tes
23: 82.

Fendleri, a eae ee

fl ha nom. nov., 11: 1.
haematodes, Lit Seles.
8.

Was Brae |e
Leonardi, 15: 107.
gate 6: 78; Ot. 2h

ah aod 11: 89; 13: 1, 3.
eee ea

mexican

sree Lu: ‘38, 39.

=I
&
o
=
Oo
“I
Qo

4241
rupestris (ss.) rate a1:

rupee (ss.) densa, 3: 73,
- comb. not new, 118,
119.

rupestris (ss.) Fendleri, 5: 78.
rupineola, 5: 77, 78
rie ba

sage 1: 70; 3: 8; 8:

INDEX VOLUMES 1 TO 25 85

Selaginella, continued.
eldoni, 9: 2; 17:. 80, 82,
129.
POEs 21: 83, 89.
ae 110

ndleyi, 11: one ‘13: 73.
perce ein yo

struthioloides, i. a 74, 75;

11: 35, 36.
‘vata, L728.
tortipila, 21: 83, 89; 25: 63.
uncinata, 11:
best eae 4: ae Bb: 78;
wile “10: 109;
21: 124.
Watsoni, 13: 1, 3, 74.
Wrightii, 5: 77
Selaginellaceae, 3: ae Ae OF
9:9, S75 21: 110.
ye a i i 105; 22: 18.
soe: 18.

eal 25: 14.
a nomeris, 4: 20.
3.

Sales oie ales, 20: 89, 90.

ia aces Hoeninghausi, 5:

a ae 1: 37; 23: 76, 76.
Stenochlaena, 7: 49> 312105:

Nee sass cas 1: 37; 4: 82, 83.

Carrii, 4: 81.

sche. 4: 8

cyc clocolpa a nov., 4: 82,
83.

prasina, 4: 83.
Struthiopteris, ay oo 25: 101.
germ 4: : 90; 6: 6,
5 es : as A203 17:
103; 24: 90, 9
pensylvanieca, 6: 55.

1B ee Be

polypodioides, 2: 81.
Spicant, 4: 45, 64; 21: 122.
Tuerckheimii, 15: 108, 111,

114.

Struthiopteris, see also Blech-
num, ieee Onoclea, and
Ptereti

cae ‘387; 82.08; 95-6. 7;
8, gy Ai: 108s: 16: 110-

101.

cientaria, 7s-42- 372 82; 20:

cinnamomea, 1: 9
coriandrifolia, : He 7: 42.
dilacerata, 20:

oe sath HOV, 17:6?

herali ; AAU 2: 81. 6G;
7 rect Be
145 ee te 19; 24: 108;

: 44.

stoscecae. 15: 77, 107.

pag desea. gD a i a gly
2: 53;.15 114; 17: 6;

18: 7. 8.
minima, 19: ag ie 25: 44.
plantaginea, 2:
eee i: 35; 2: 6:
; 12: 46.
aden sp. noy., pr 3, 4.
Tectaria, see also Sepia
ea Lape Oo. Oe; 20:
Ge 47; 327; iy fe
pa 5; 24 : 87; 25: 54, 101.
americana, 22: 26; 23: 50, 51.
wie is tiv: Ie: 76
ns

2;
154; 23: 5; 24:

52, Bale
aaa See 16: 16; 18: 127;

22: 26;

86

gi aria continued.

niana x intermedia, 16:

a x marginalis, 16:
a7

Clintoniana x spinulosa, 16:

aWee
cristata, 14: 121, 122; 16:

rae 3; 2br
vistata Xx mar; rothalts. 14; 121,

122; 24:
Dryopters 14: 8; dos 19%
19 22: pee 24: 92,
43
Feei, 12: 76
Filix-mas, 12: 77
yaa . 16; 17: 37, 38,
42, 43 1.808 "22: 53; 24:
110.

fragrans (ss., ee) Patios
2; 19: 33;

hexagonoptera, 14: 8, 12 0,
2; 16: 15; 20: 149; 22:
115; 23: 45; 24: 92, 111;
25: 5.
intermedia, 16: 16; 23: 51;
24: 92.
intermedia x marginalis, 16:
ny

intermedia x spinulosa, 16: 16.
marginalis, 14: 41, 119, 122;
19: 84

noveboracensis, 44: 9, i241,
; 16: 15; 19: 84;

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

146 ; 22: 26; 23: 40; 24: 92,

112

Orcopteris, 21: 121,

palustris, 14: 8, 121, 122; 19:
at i: 27; 22: 26; 24: 92,

outs (v.) Haleana, 20: 27.
palustris ve pub ~— 0:

27,145 : 115; 23: 48. 98
palustris Ae eee 20:

27.
Phegopteris, 14: 7; 16: ic
30; 21: 121; 22:

53; 23: 111; 24: 92,

112.
ee. 14: 18, 121, an
a8: 227s
= 26, ‘116; 23: 45, 51; aa
92,111

eohanlons: (v.) americana, 14:
403; 16: 16; 39: bie, 20: 28,
147, 148, 154; 11.

spinulosa (v.) ae 21:

121

spinulosa (v.) intermedia, 14:

120, 122; 16: 16; 19: 84;
147; 3, 116; 23
- 24: 52,

Th eris, 16: 15.
Sass Gon s, see also Aspidium,
Dr che aia and Phegop-

mee nae 63, 77.
Todea, 19: 2
barbara, - 37; 18: 32; 19:
75; 20: fey 75, 76.
Fraseri 75.
blade 17: 99.
Trachypteris, 25: 13.

INDEX VOLUMES 1 TO 25 87

Trichomanes, 1: as 135; 2: Uredinopsis, 14: 123
67, 68, 70, Vittaria, 1s. 71,77, 126; eee

2 ? >

76; 19: 54; 20: 685-75; 17. 10, 48; 11: 105; 17: 3; 20:
ete Rive ‘86. 26.
alatum, 8: 68. filifolia, 12: 51; 15: 114.
arbuscula, 5: 80; 8: 68. lineata, 1: 47, 71; Bu Sis. 6:
Boschianum, 8: 70; 10: 78; 41> O35 48 5 17%) 7s 18s 13

144; 22: 81; 19; 118; 25: 39.
peel ae 5: 82.

capillaceum, 5: 81. tase iat 1 hs
erinitum, 8: 68. Wibelia,
erispum, 5: a 7: 39; 8: 68. Woodsi ee see 68; 3: 102, 104;
diversifrons, 18: 9. 8: 5, 72; 12: 37; 15: 125;
elongatum, ae 16: 93; 17: 55, 59; 18: 43

d hie 7s 181g 20: 29, 85, 86; 22: 2, 5, 85;
humile, 18: 1 24: 17, 50; 25: 76,
nga y 20: 134. alpina, 1: 68 s 2: 90,91;
Krausii, 8: 68; 15: 112, 114; 3: 46; 4: 73; 8: 24, 51, 86,

a ey iy 18: 13. 87, 124; 9: 108; 10: 17, 23,
lucens, 8: 70. 25, 48, 51, 59; 16: 13, 29;

mbranaceum, 2: 44. 17: 37, 39, 40, 43; 19: 33;

DEAS ; Bt 67. 20: 123, 153, 154; 24: 17,

sincere 6: 81; at 51, 52, 54; 0.
67 0; 66, alpina (ss.) Belli, 2: 91.
ee 78; 11; 86; : a: 115; Catheartiana, 19: 3; 20: 29;
16: 52; 20: 24; 21: 71, 75, 23: 2; 24: 91.
5. glabella, 1: 67, 68, 114, 118;
90; 3: 46; 4: 73; 6:

cteooe iad 8: 67. 2: 85,
pusillum, 8: 67. 100; 8: 51, 87, 125; 9: 108;
pyxidiferum, 1: ee 8: 68. 10: 17, 24, 48, 51, 92; 16:
cesta 7 = ; 8: 24, 70, 13, 29, 128; 17: 37, 39, 40,
43; 20: 29, 123, 154, 156;
ritorme = "100; 20: 9, 77. 24: 110; 25: 76, tt
repta ne 67. hyperborea, 3: 55; 10: 48.
neldiae : 82; 7: 39; 17: 86. ilvensis, 1: 68; 2: 90; 3: 14,
seandens, 2 81; 5: 80, 81; 8: 46, 55; 4: i 61, 73, 116;
5: 13, 39, 89; 6: 53, 95, 99,
shew, 8: G7; 17: 7; 18: 128: 7: 90; 8: S1, 86, 99,
124, 125; 9: 2, 113; 10: 17
ia 18: 117. = 25, = 51, 59, 84, 90,
tenerum, 8: 68. 12: 96; 13:
trichoideum, 8: 68. i 108, 111; nae 18, 84;
venosum, 18: 3 6: 127; 16: 15, 14, 127;

2.
Trismeria anual 37, 49. 17: 39, 53, 103; me : 90;

88 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Woodsia ilvensis, continued.

v ?

seieieionn. “ oe Bt 76; 16;
OS 17" SL 18: 44.

mollis, 16: 58

obtusa, 2: 90; 4; 55

90, 91, 92, 104, 110; 25: 5,

Ay & 04.

ebtumn (v.) angusta, 6: 100.
lh .

121; 2k: ot 22: 5, il;
23: 1 2;
Plinunerad, 5: os 17%: 81;

18: 44,

rufidula, 4
sop 2: a 114; 3: 104
3 4: 112;

29, 121; 21: 29, 30, "118;

Woodwardia, 1: 46, 105, aid
45

22: 5, 11, 84; 23: 2, 27, 112,
116, 128; 24: 101, 102, 104;
25: 17.

Ate 91.
Par ae a Be ai 2: 91, 93; 4:
G; 6: 52; 8: 50, 122;

paradoxa, 6: 67.
radieans a: 39, 82, — 2
; ne 87; ZP
i . ; 9:°68 el
Pais we ‘a 98; as ea 91,
radicans @ americana, 6:

8 -

. a
~I

ol

Woodwardia see also Anchistea

and Lori nseri
Xiphopteris aT 2: 81.