Oni: re Cone: )a JANUARY, 1893 YF 2 Annals of Horticulture In North America FOR THE YEAR 1892 A WITNESS OF PASSING EVENTS AND A RECORD OF PROGRESS By LE: Ho BATLEY Copyrighted 1803 Mo. Bot. Garden, i895. New YORK: THe RvuraL PuBLISHING COMPANY 1893. By the same Author. Annals of Horticulture in North America for the year 1889. A Witness = Passing Events and a Record of Progress, 249 pages. 52 iiiaatrations. Annals tr ae. 312 pages. 82 illustration: nna Sed i. pages. 77 illustrations. * A new volume is issued every year, each ea in itself. Cloth, $1. The Horticulturist’s Rule-Book. A Compendium of Useful Information for Fruit- Growers, Truck Gardeners, Florists and Others. Seco nd edition revised to the i rege: of 1892. 122 pages. Cloth, $1; paper, 50 cen The N =Book. A Complete Guide to the eo an a Pollination of Plants. 304 Pa 106 illus . Cloth, $1; paper so ss-Breeding and ee zi she With « r Rcket Bibliography of th tar a, Pages. Paper, gocents. (Rur, ral Library ries.) A merican ing. An Account of the Lead Forms = in Use of Training | es 5 poles Grapes. 95 page . Préfustly illustrated, from photographs. Cloth, 75 cents. Field Notes on Apple Culture, go pages. 19 illustrations. Cloth, 75 cents. Talks Afield. About Plants and the — of Plants, 173 pages. roo illustrations. Cloth, $1. c. ° 3 a elise ca, CoprricHted ELectrotyPep anp PRINTED BY ‘By Tre Neen.) sce ap yaterran Tue Rurac Pustisuine Company. Con. CHamBers anv Peart Sts., New Yorx. PREFACE: ORTICULTURE has not yet attained to the dignity ~ of ascience in North America. The experiences and records of the past have not been collated, and studied collectively. The conclusions which we have drawn from previous generations are largely dogmatic and very often random; and we are constantly exaggerating the importance of present events and minimizing those of the past. Perhaps the chief reason for this condition is the ab- sence of any continuous record or repository of horticultural progress, for advancement is necessarily slow when impor- tant facts are continually lost to coming generations. All this is equivalent to saying that there has been no general desire for a horticultural literature, for a living demand would have produced the history. Even at the present day, under the stimulus of agricultural teaching, the experiment stations and the rural press, there is no spontaneous demand for any continuous record. But the future will surely hold us in unpleasant remembrance if something of our quickening life is not saved for maturer study. The rapid growth of our horticultural industries has emphasized empirical knowledge, and has obscured all that fertile study of the history of the subject which alone is capa- ble of drawing bold and safe conclusions for the future. The 4 Annals of Horticulture. commercial aspects of horticulture can be adequately under- stood and their tendencies determined only through a study of past developments ; and whatever scientific deductions are to be drawn for our guidance in the increasing compe- titions and complexities of the time must be made in the full light of the evolution of cultivated plants. The time has come when philosophical and reflective study of horticulture is needed; yet the energies of even our students of horti- culture seem to be directed almost wholly to the immediate and so-called practical problems, most of which, at best, are temporary. L. Bi BAILEY. IrHaca, N. Y. me Sey 4 Ne, CONTENTS. PART I.—GENERAL ANNALS. agi beer elitr: {sc ei about 320 miles from Malaga, on the Mediterranean, the grape is extensively cultivated, and is oye is not so good as the Muscatel, yet the rapid process of curing permits their export at much cheaper figures and meine earlier than from here. There the grape is dipped into hot lye, and it is a raisin in a few days. Here it takes two weeks to cure the Muscatel, but when cured it is the best d a United States. The Deniaraisins are used almost exclusively for pies, puddings, etc., because they are cheaper. ede sign raisin crop for 1892 appears to have been conadarebe i er the averages of good years. The last three Valekeia ¢ crops were as follows . Malaga vineyards. 24 Annals of Horticulture. the Zante grape if there were sufficient duty to warrant it; _ sent to 1890. Cwts. r89r. Cwts. 1892. Cwts. is A ee oe ka eee 149,785 161,073 Valencia Canada Se ee ke CE ages 30,763 30,426 vaietne, CoTeat Britain 6. gs ees 4 6 BAS, SOS 255,374 294,517 ome Ex Gag pide erie laces bore BOO 17,000 35,459 Miscellaneou Scie Wee ee . 123,308 100,684 61,460 On hand Daceber: 31 So ga ie ie OO 171,394 9,000 Those interested in the Span fasta Fe pane, that r inasmuch as the Spanish and California products are cured ; in different ways, they can be put to wholly different uses, and % need not, therefore, severely compete with each other. This proposition is not accepted by California grower ever 4 serious source of competition with the California grape 3 interests is the Zante, or so-called black or dried currants of 2 the shops. These currants are dried grapes and they are q - imported into this country in immense quantities. The now on the free list, the duty having been removed with the Ss impression that there is no competing crop in this country. nte cur- E : . . : i rants. The Californians desire to make the experiment of growing _ 3 : 3 grapes of the Pacific slope. These answer the purposes to which the Zante grapes are put. he importations of Zante currants, or grapes, into the United States for a series of years are very large: mtity, 2s. Value. Quantity, lb. Value. Te 1®79. . - - 17,405,347 $520,832 1885... 7 534: 507 $723,415 1880. . . . 18,007,492 600,603 TORO se. 23,171 744,784 oy ESSE <2. er O3e are 845,773 TROT is spmpan oes 1,062, 326 1882. . . + 32,502,231 ¥,388,536 1888... . 30,636,424 x,176,532 s = Neve phlei nine fae EOOX ys: . 33,128, E40 © 1,240,074 a = 3 712 big 2 0,575 a ge oreign Pic ‘still faa to sergar acts in enormous quantities, 5 ; notwithstanding the immens e domestic production. The : _ total imports of the leading fiscign fruits for the year ending: a Foreign fase 30, 1892, are as follows: a Sama Prunes fsa eg le Ratsins, Figs. — ap i Oranges. Lemons. Pounds. Pounds. Baltimore. ..0 ey 4. oy $36,623 178,055 898 abe evo a wats Mace Aaaies saarien 6 New EO a eae , 3,01 Vf Sy 19,327,971 p » ‘Philadelphia... | 52,5 188,014 468,796 170,890 21549 w Orleans... . . 45,152 739,293 13,171 1,689 57,170 San Francisco .... 12,404 200 4,376 2,352 WORSE ara ees 157 35,616 1,068,966 883,982 903,450 ) ee ena hires ee 8 61,682 14,568 4,928 Other points . 88,578 77,843 133,398 824 2,353 Cl Or - )S OC OV - eeswmvmnnmME Ss THe es $1,210,338 $4,548,263 10,869,797 20,687,640 8,338,759 Fruits and Vegetables. 25 California fruit-growing, as a whole, gave excellent returns in 1892, notw ithstanding the indifferent crops and the com- petition on all sides. The following review of the season ‘is contributed by E. L. Goodsell, a well-known New York fruit merchant, to the California Fruit Grower: + Generally speaking, the past season was a most encourag- ing one for the fruit producers of California in a financial er necessity for the grower after the disastrous season of 1891 ‘¢ Three factors tended to greatly develop the fruit industry of the state last season, and explain why prices were good. One was a partial failure of eastern crops generally, creating a large demand in every state inthe Union. Another was the fact that in almost every small town and hamlet ee fruits are now a staple article of trade, indicating that ou efforts to introduce your products everywhere have met ch success. The last but most important of all was the splendid service given us by the railroad companies in fulfillment of their promise to inaugurate fast freight trains to Carry Cali- forma fruits to eastern markets. ‘‘It will be remembered that last spring, after due consid- eration of the facts I presented as to the absolute necessity of such action on the part of the railroads if the fruit industry was to be fostered, encouraged and developed, a oo fast service was agreed upon by - the lines, the 5. < H taking the initiative. When I came to your coast a winter I found the fruit people disco ehaad as well they might have been, after getting practically nothing for their fruit in 1891. the transportation company’s part. How slow this was can be realized by my statement that in 1891 the average number of days my cars were en route was thirteen. What the rail- road companies have done towards bettering this very disas- trously slow time can be appreciated by stating that my cars reached New York on an average of nine days during the past year. This difference in time has been wortk at least $500,000 to California growers, by reason of the fruit being in good, salable condition on arrival, enabling me to realize full value Fruit grow- ing - a 26 | Annals of Horticulture. in every instance, where if fermentation had set in, as was gener- ally the case the previous year, it was bionseges to get good — prices. Hence, as it is the intention of some of the connect- ~ ing lines to better their schedules this comntigg season, I look ‘‘A few figures regarding the past season ¢ interesting to fruit-growers and the public generally. These | figures can be said to represent about the prices that other markets have averaged, although probably New York’s results — Ef for Bartlett pears and Tokay grapes are higher. Compiling the year in the results should be of great value to producers, as showing California which varieties are best and most profitable to cultivate. Where the figures are very se on certain kinds of fruit, it is — possible that the average may have been greatly reduced, owing to some large he having reached me in bad condition: Average gross per carload o 889. 90. ir. 2. 24,000 pounds of fruit. . Penn # psesgi cies sticoe me o tload of 24 000 ang of fruit. . 616,67 805.48 489.50 756.89 ro er nd Gross av 1a 10-poun Ox oO chert Paws, 1.45 1.61 1.38 1.12 Gross average tee 40-pound box of Bartlett pears. . 2.90 2.54 1 82 2.18: 3 Gross egies <8 ae 20-pound a box of apric Yayo ve Tae 1.29 1.30 Gross average seed 20-pound a a OF. peathes fru .S. 1.44 1.64 .89 1,10, Gums apernee Len 20-pound =: box of pru 1.61 1.76 1,23 1.37574 Gross average ‘per 20-pound a ’ MiOf PlOMe ee et 1.44 1.68 1.15 I-93: 4m : Gross i ou 40-pound ; . ee box of Tokay grapes . 3.90 3.90 2.80 3.565 Gross average per 20-pound a box of Tokay grapes. 2.23 1.99 1.30 1.56 4 Gross average per 20-pound box of Muscat grapes. . 1.41 1.28 Be 95 \ Gross average per 20-pound : box of Cornichons . 2.01 2.03 1.78 1.69 arene gross per 20-pound i of Emperors. . 1.90 1.94 1.3% 2.76 No. of cars sold by me in N. Y. during the years named . 151 553 341 Total No. sold byall in N. . 300 74r 665 fruits and Vegetables. a7, ‘« There is every reason to believe in the future of California fruits as regards profitable cultivation. While it is true that the volume of production is rapidly and greatly mrreasing, it is also true that those engaged in the business of ket ing the crops are planning to provide new outlets in our own and foreign countries, anticipating that every city, town and hamlet of the United States will need to consume California fruits in rode to take the cro ‘* That eastern merchants engaged in the California fruit industry are fully alive to the necessities of the business, is evident from the action just completed on the part of twenty- £ s wishes, and have favored markets where there was more profit in commissions rather than the one where the best results could be obtained, seeking to supply only a few markets on account ae being interested in these, thus preventing a wide distribution and ‘Besides this, natural competition does away with all unnecessary costly factors or middlemen, thereby bringing representative at every shipping point, with a main office in Sacramento, and offer every facility that has been heretofore. given the fruit producer, with the additional advantages of twenty new markets to select from, absolute freedom of action as to the choice of the same, open bulletins as to the prices ruling daily at each of the points, direct remittances to the grower, “where previously these went through the middle- men, and accord absolutely fair and impartial treatment by the manager of the association . The small fruits, being less dependent upon the weather of winter and spring than the orchard fruits, have for the most Handli California Small fruits. Strawber- ries. Cranberry statisties. Cranberries for Europe. peace tee *See Annals for 1890, 17. Annals for 1891, 18. 28 Annals of Horticulture. part given fair to good returns. The small fruit industry is gradually spreading westward and southward, but it is yet The annual average crop of this region is about 1,500,000 quarts. The cranberry crop is smaller than for the two preceding years.* The cultivated crops for the three years have been estimated as follows: 1890. 891. e 1892. New England .. . pegpoa bus. . 480,000 bus, . 375,000 bus, New Jersey . ... ...1§0,0 -. = 244,000 =" y 160,000": ** Wisconsin: . . . ; 27§,000° ** 40,000 ‘ 65,000 ‘‘ 800,000 bus. 764,000 bus. 600,000 bus. The prices were renumerative, owing very largely to the shortage in the crop and the scarcity of other fruits. The cranberry industry appears to have reached the normal limit of demand. It has been evident for two or three years that considerable effort must henceforth be exerted in order — of commercial success, for the berry naturally keeps so long that ele ey prefer to have the fres it. In remote markets, the compact s banked or jellied goods may prentanle find a profitable sale, but for the present these markets are practically unavailable. of a foreign mar cranberries: George Boston; A. Rider, of Trenton; C. W. Wilkinson, of Phila- delphia; Eniulous Small of Harwich Port, Mass.; A. D. Make- , of Wes t Barnstable, Mass.; G. R. Briggs, of Ply- ty 4 fruits and Vegetables. 29 uth, Mass. In accordance with the plan reported by far camhitittoe pr approved by a meeting of growers held a on the 26 day.of April, and by the Special Foreign Trade Committee of the American Cranberry Growers’ Asso- and the Fruit Growers’ Trade ompany, a body organized for the purpose of undertaking trade in fruits ‘‘/t ws agreed, between the undersigned Cranberry Grow- ers, of the first part, and the Fruit Growers’ Trade Company, a corporation under the laws of New Jersey, of the second part, that we, the said parties of the first part, will become company, not to exceed three (3) per centum in any one year, for a period of three pitas 8 with the first soe after taking effect of this agree “Tt is further agreed, on pete of the parties of the first part, that the said fruit so contributed shall be of the best grower shall receive credit for fruit so shipped at the price that ay quoted in the Producers’ Price Current of New Uae for that grade of fruit, less transportation charges, not to exceed 10 cents per box or 30 cents per barrel. (All freight in excess of that amount to be paid by the company.) The grade is to be determined by the agent of the Fruit Growers’ Trade Com- pany charged with that duty; and for each twenty-five dollars ($25) so credited, the said Fruit Growers’ Trade Company Shall cause to be issued a certificate for one share of the capi- tal stock of the said company. ‘* And be it further agreed, that if the grower so elect he may, in lieu of fruit, remit in cash the value of said fruit as quoted in the Producers’ Price Current of New York on the day previous to the remittance, less the price of freight to New York ; and it is further agreed, that for any fuctibaal part Cranberry a“, Cranberry organiza- tion. To popular- ize the cranberry. 30 . Annals af Horticulture. f a certificate the grower shall stand credited until such sub- fe) eegiaeey aggregate twenty-five dollars ($25), when a certifi- — Se be issued as above. Coa s further id on the part of the said company, that it will use the fruit and funds so contributed to open new markets, extend the haan and increase the consumption of this fruit; that it will, through its board of directors, make an annual statement to stockholders of the operations of the company during the year, and divide profits in dividends as prescribed by the charter and by- nis of the said company, which are made a part of this agreement. “Tt is further agreed, that the aiiae sett of the ‘Fruit Growers’ Trade Company who shall become parties to this agreement shall stand credited with ace already paid in as capital in the said company as against assessments under this agreement, and on the return of the present part-paid ie groans the treasurer shall pebee new paid-up certificates r the amount paid on the said stock ‘* This agreement shall be valid. toa binding upon the said n of the cranberry interest of the country as shown by the most available records and statistics of the crop. Abundant pledges of support have been received, trial. The purposes of this agreement are understood to be the following : ‘1, The establishment of daily sales at auction at Liverpool and other distributing centers, where cranberries are now only occasionally catalogued and sold. 2. To interest dealers, wholesale and retail, in the fruit by convincing them of its merits and popularity, and by BUGE al commissions. o educate the people to use and appreciate them b ee and gratuitous distribution in public epee pee after the plan successfully pursued by Hecker and o To interest the large canners and preservers in ie fruit, aes if possible, have them put up in the same style of package and ‘placed alongside one popular jams and preserves; failing © in this, to have them put up by contract and so placed, and with such a sheba of profit as will be interesting to dealers. Fruits and Vegetables. 31 ‘«To secure the co-operation of the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture, and, if possible, government aid to the p Pineapples. The crop of pineapples for 1892 was a . ne to those who have predicted that the fruit can be grow seetites in Florida. ‘‘The pineapple industry is sccidiy developing in Florida,” says the Fruit Trade JSournal.* «X few years ago it was comparatively unknown. This year the crop of the Indian ‘Tiver section, which is the heart of the ative estimates, according to a gentleman in Savannah, from Titusville recently, put the crop. at 25,000 to 30,000 crates, © while some estimates go as high as 35,000. The shipping season began about two weeks ago, and will last about two weeks longer. This season is a short one, lasting only a month. The principal producing section is about 100 miles below Titusville, at Eden, on the Indian river. The crop this year is a very fine one. The chief markets to which the fruit is shipped are the northern markets, saiev oa Cincin- ers. known. Captain Richards, of Eden, is the sige tag of the industry in the Indi river section, and h f he largest gro lantation is an e senate one, and he steamers do a large business at this season Saar ee the crop. A few other sections of Florida grow t e fruit, but none so extensively as the Indian river section. N few pineapples are grown in the vicinity of Or lando, but they are grown under sheds, while on the Indian river both the soil and climate are Se “Fruit Trade Journal, vii. No. 7, p.7 (June 25, 1892). Pineapples in Florida. Dried fruits. it statistics. 32 Annals of Horticulture. the state on the keys and is a Acie to Key West, and from there via steamer to New York.’ Dried fruits. The enormousand ever increasing acreage of fruits in North America demands that much of the product shall be marketed in unperishable form. Most of the great markets are far from the scene of production. It is not strange, therefore, that America has developed far the most important evaporating, canning and other preserving interests on the globe. The dried and canned fruits are finding a good market in many parts of Europe, especially in France. The consump- tion of the so-called waste products of apples and other fruits —largely cores, skins and the cheaper grades of evaporated fruits—are exported to France to the value of nearly half a million dollars annually. The dried fruit product of New York state alone exceeds a million dollars’ worth annually. There is a strong protective feeling in some of the European nations which checks the consumption of American goods. This is especially strong in southern Germany. This feeling is strongly expressed under the guise of a fear of contamination of zinc, as it has been discovered that zinc trays are largely used in the manufacture of evaporated fruits. The output of dried and canned fruits will, no doubt, be comparatively light for 1892, owing to the light or indifferent crops. California is destined to lead the world in the production of dried fruits. The output of that state for five years is seen from the following table to have been enormous: 1887. Lbs. 1888. Lbs. 1889. Lbs. 1890. Lbs. Apples . - . . 750,000 550,000 00,000 Apricots .. . 3,500,000 ,200,000 2,500,000 8,500,000 Peaches .. . 4,500,000 ,600,000 . 5,250,0Cc0 12,250,000 — OPH 6 Oks 40,000 150,000 140,000 600,000 Plums 450,000 360,000 325,000 Prunes’. . . - 5,825,000 8,500,000 17,000,000 14,000,000 Grapes . - . - 1,800,000 2,340,000 2,500,000 10. thai Nectarines 150,000 340,000 275,000 00,000 Ps aie 90,000 175,000 200,000 350,000 17, 105,000 48,7 63,710,000 The status of the Ca iioraia eae fruit industry is well considered in the following editorial comment in the Cadifornia ruit Grower :* ‘‘Fruit drying is now recognized as one of California’s leading industries. Sun-cured and evaporated peaches, apri- *California Fruit Grower, xi. 242 (Sept, 24, 1892). Pa Sh 9 fruits and Vegetables. 33 cots, nectarines, plums, pears, figs and apples are known and prized as articles of food in nearly all the markets of the world. e dry fruit industry in California is not only a source of profit to those engaged in this branch of the fruit season. Take, for instance, the year of 1891, when the output of dry apricots in the Santa Clara valley was some 300 carloads, or say 6,000,000 pounds of cured fruit. Admit- ting that five and one half pounds of ripe Moorpark apricots make one pound when dried, we find that there were used in that valley alone 33,000,000 pounds of fresh shige for drying during the season of 1891. Those familiar with the fruit harvest of that year will remember that the crop of because the price paid by the buyers would not warrant the lah and dryers will exercise the proper care and caution produce a good article of California dried fruit, i will dried fruit in California to advance to almost unheard-of prices. Bleached, unpeeled peaches jumped in one week from 13 to 22 cents per pound. In the Vina district, Tehama county, Chinese bleached peaches, that have always sold at about 3% cents per pound, reached the respectable price of 1g cents per pound in carload lots. Eastern buyers fairly tumbled over one another in their frantic efforts to secure a Fruit dry~ ing in California, California ied fruits 34 Annals of Horticulture. few carloads of California fruit at the high prices, paying spot cash for their purchases. e outcome of that season’s business is still fresh in the memory of the eastern dealers, who loaded up with high priced stock, and were compelled to carry it over into the season of 1891, incurring a heavy loss, owing to a sharp decline in prices. A carload of 20,000 cost the Aisa just $4,000 f. 0. b. cars. Now add $300 for freight to the east and other charges, and we find that the eastern buyers parted with large sums of money that season. ‘« The low prices and slow market of 1891 may be largely attributed to the high prices and heavy losses sustained during 1890. We are conversant with one transaction, where a carload of fancy bleached peaches—crop of 18go—was old in New York for 32 cents per pound, spot cash. The market commenced to decline rapidly, and during the spring of 1891, that same car of peaches was resold down to 10 cents, and finally the remainder of the car was closed out at g cents per pound. e purchaser of that carload of Cali- fornia bleached peaches lost $4,600. We cite this case to illustrate how extreme high prices are damaging to the future of our dried fruit trade; for with prices at high pressure there is sure to be a reaction, and when it sets in, the trade ‘‘The green fruit crop of 1891 was very abundant, and everything looked favorable for a good market and good prices. Growers, mindful of the high prices realized during cept The high prices necessarily demanded by retailers fae largely restricted ms aagbts Gabi and prices naturally suffered a serious decline. Under these Ciediione eastern dealers did not care as to the outcome, and being in need of ready money were Fruits and Vegetables. 35 obliged to consign their fruits to commission houses through- out the eastern states. Very many large consignments were made under the impression that with the goods on the spot better opportunities for disposing of the same might present n at much lower prices than the fruits were offered at upon arriva ‘‘The low prices which growers and shippers were obliged to accept had the effect of increasing the demand, and the large output of the season of 1891 was widely distributed and nearly consumed prior to the arrival of new crop of fruit in 1892. During 1891 our dried fruits were introduced into very were secured through the medium of the low prices. ere can be no doubt as to the difference of an immediate profit to the grower between a year of short crop and high prices, and a year with a full crop and low prices, but the gain is only temporary. ‘California dried fruit has earned a world-wide reputation for its superior quality, cleanliness and the attractive condi- tion in which it is packed. Very few frmeeg except those are an exception, however. They w were a very short weed California fruits. Potato crop. Potatoes in 1892. 36 Annals of Horticulture. year and 57.5 in 1890. The average yield for ten years end- ing with 1889 was not far from 80 bushels, and during that period the yield was smaller than the present return in only two years, 1881 and 1887. The shortage in New England is the result of unfavorable conditions throughout the latter part of the growing season. he crop started well, but dur- ing August and September there were local conditions which reduced state averages and resulted in the Bdge: ge sive rainfall, causing irregular growth, with an early tendency toward rot. and blight. The later returns from this section showed that the serious damage of the year was cause rot, and the present pens made after digging, emphasize the injury from this cause. In some districts there is a varia- bility of return, inch makes it difficult to ascertain the average yie In Maine and Massachusetts some areas are reported as hardly worth digging, bigger neers fields give an abundant yield. On the whole, the cr f New England, with only local exceptions, is light, futons comparatively small, and quality not equal to the average. In New York the yield is not only light, but the potatoes are small, and in districts which are visited by blight or where the rainfall was excessive, the quality is poor. Many counties, however, ee a small crop of good quality. ‘«The same conditions mark the year in Pennsylvania, though the yield is shorter than in New York, and the dis tricts in which quality is good are not soextensive. The crop in the south is of local importance, was gathered early, and gave a fairly satisfactory yield. The early planted crops present returns of yield are very low. The crop generally, and Paneer & the late-planted portion, = injured by drought, and in some districts the damage fro is cause was intensified by a marked tendency toward ag In Ohio and inferior. There is some damage from scab, leaving the pro- portion of marketable = very small. In Illinois the Fruits and Vegetables. 37 average yield is reported at only 52 bushels, or 40 bushels average for that section. Basing an estimate upon the present returns of yield and the preliminary investigation of acreage, the present crop is probably less than 150,000,000 bushels, though the investigation which precedes the final estimate may slightly modify the present indication.” Prairie Farmer* sums up the potato crop as follows: ‘¢In conclusion we must say that the potato crop of Illi- nois, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri and Nebraska, while not a total was done later, the yield per acre is fairly up to the average for years. The acreage, however, is not sufficient to make the deficiency in the great potato regions of the Missouri New Jerse ee fa Be ennessee . . 80 Pennsylvania West Virginia 85 Delaware Bs. Kentucky... =~. --: 76 PORE es es” Obie, 2 as go Bee a Oh Indiana 2 ee ee N. Carolina of Mites ea ae g2 S. Carolina Be 2c RO UWE ee a 82 Oe a 5 Minter A ee go ere ee Rk ee ee 84 Wisteria Se a So Nebraska 4 ee ee Mississippi . 78 Colorado ee Ito Spemate a ks 95 Washington 110 Tex ee aes 86 «Calflora. = 6. ee 115 Areencas 2099s ee 97 *Prairie Farmer, Nov. 5, 1892, P. 712- Potato crop. Sweet potatoes, Tomatoes. 38 Annals of Horticulture. Tomatoes are yearly increasing in popularity and in conse- quent extent of cultivation. e importance of the tomato growing is its great increase in the lower Mississippi valley, notably in Mississippi, whence the early markets of Chicago and tributary regions are supplie The crop of 1892 ap- pears to have been good, although injured i in some regions by a mysterious blight. The Fruit Growers’ Journal speaks as follows of the year’s crop in the Mississippi valley: ‘ ° ra ie’) n ae a, “Wn ss SY) -o —s mn oO fo pape} “Oo =] — \o) i} < “OO ban 9 ~ ° 2 ° ° ° om © vad oO wn The first year of California fruit nn at auction there were sold 56 cars. Last year I sold 573 ca ‘IT am the only one that has ever r attempted to dispose of vegetables at auction, and wherever I have attempted this in a few years everything that is raised from the ground in the way of perishable fruits or vegetables will be disposed of at ‘‘At first, in the various markets of the country, the plan was considered absurd, but the fact that in every market of Prominent fruits sold at auction he the present time in quan- ti eastern Sroducts. In Calstornia the growers are unanimously in favor of the auction system. In Florida, about 75 per _ cent. of the producers favor it. From the Hudson river and in sections that have hesciohas disposed of their products by private sale system, we are now getting consigments which are sone to grow into a very large business.’ New features in transportation are perhaps the most signal Auction sales fruits. peg apes fruits 42 Annals of Florticulture. triumphs relating to horticultural practice. The shipment of Tasmanian apples has been fully explained in previous vol- umes,* and reference has been made to the possible influence of the Caucasus region,} and to the vegetable gardens of the Canaries, which sell their products i in the English markets. t The latest of the remote territories to startle us with impor- tant consignments to English markets is South Africa. keb- urary 4th, 1892, a cargo arrived at London, comprising va- rious fruits, which brought good prices. A second cargo ar- riv ed Feb. oth, with peaches, grapes, cucumbers, tomatoes, — pineapples, and other products. In March, South African fruits. Pears sold for greater prices. The region in Cape Colony adapted to fruit raising is apparently practically un- limited, and it is probable that the early product may seri- ously interfere with the later sales of American apples venture of greater importance to Americans, cane 1S the successful transportation of green fruits from California to England. In 1891, one or two private trial shipments rying and refrigeration, but it was not until the present year that any public demonstration was made. All preliminaries had been carefully made by E. R. Hutchins, vice-president of the California Fruit Transportation Company, of Chicago, " and the shipments went forward in steamers of the White Star line. The first ‘‘export fruit train” left Sacramento at ican ad toa . ees The London Grocer speaks of the ar- rival as follow ‘‘ The first iseaxt of fruit from California arrived in Liv hite S *Annals for 1890, 9. Also, Annals for 1 10; 1891, 9. +An rel or 189° % sane tAnnals for 1891, ai; also this volume, p. 38. ‘ Say eee Fruits and Vegetables. 43 tempory report, on Friday, Aug. 5, fruit sales-in Liverpool rooms, Victoria St., by the receivers, James Adam, and consisted of 1,068 boxes of Bartlett pears, 656 boxes of peaches, and 27 boxes of plums and prunes. The salesroom ory Bros, & Co., 6/- to 8/9. Peaches, Early Crawford, C. W. Reed, 7/3 to 8/-; A. T. Hatch, yellow cling, 5/- to 9/-. Colum- bia plums, A. T. Hatch, 2/- to 2/6; German prunes, 1/6 to 2/-; Victoria prunes, 1/- to 2/9; French prunes, 1/9; Prince of California fruits in Wales prunes, 2/9; Moorpark apricots, 2/9; nectarines, 3/- to eee 5/-; yellow egg plums, 3/6. Mr. Macfee, in opening the proceedings, explained that the company, which has for some time past been sending Florida fruit, had how commenced the season for the finer fruits peaches, pears, plums, etc., of California. The fruit would speak for itself, and its high standard would be maintained, and he hoped buyers would give such prices as would encour ative business. He then introduced E. R. Hutchins, who spoke of the extent of California, its climate and general adaptability to fruit growing. 7A box of pears weighs 4o Ibs ; of peaches and plums, 20 Ibs. }For a sketch of Mexican pomology, see Annals for 1890, 32 » Mexico. Fruit in the Bahamas. ae Bee 44° Annals of Horticulture. neighbors may be expected to make demands upon our mar- kets as soon as northern energy and capital utilize their vast resources. ‘he horticulture of Trinidad was briefly outlined — in a previous volume.* The Bahamas must be considered as important future competitors in both domestic and foreign markets in certain products. ; In his latest report to the Colonial Office, the Governor, Sir the Bahamas offer great inducements for fruit-growing. Pine- could not fail to be renumerative. The facilities for produc- tion are fully up to those in Florida, and the colony is entirely free from all risks of frost, which so often blights the Florida — crop. he success of the industry in this colony would be ~ partial, however, until the proper system of packing were adopted to insure delivery at market in good condition. With this point secured and the advantage of steam commun! cation, which is fast becoming available, orange growing should — be a profitable source of employment. Tomatoes are grow? * Annals for 1891, 13. Fruits and Vegetables. 45: colony, its history will become distinguished for more than the transformation its famous fiber is effecting. It is to be a chequered results, and those also who sought their fortunes in South Africa, some at least had not found their way to this rights and property are under the protection of British laws and administration, a consideration to which the history of the southern republics during the past two or three years has given striking significance. The development of Australian fruit-growing has been rapid during recent years. The ‘‘ Year Book of Australia” for 1892 gives the following round- up of the fruit interests : ‘*The experience of the irrigation colonies at Mildura, South Australia, and elsewhere, has established the fact that by means of systematic irrigation—the rivers and other about seven years later. ince those periods there has been iotisidenbte fluctuation in the number of acres under vine and orange cultivation, but during recent years there has been a steady abe increase, the present areas of pro- duction being as follow Acres UNpER Bees CULTIVATION IN AUSTRALIA. New inst ba WOE oS a ew ae ee spend aunty Sy Seige PEG Se ne St eee Se a ee Ee . uth, Rae pas aaa Sas apy tae gaa rs haw pune tet eae 7,487 9,7; PU i Oe a bog Sl ct oe ee) ey eoe Australian fruit- growing. Fruits in Australia. 46 Annals of Horticulture. ‘* Taking the pound as the unit of weight for table grapes, we have the subjoined figures: AUSTRALIAN GRAPE PRropucTION (TaBLE USE). 1889-90. 1890-91. Lbs. Increase. Lbs. . S. Wales . 6,610,240 7,470, 400 860, 160 Queensland 1,967,667 2,404,863 4375 196 S. Australia 9,011,408 12,612,768 3,601, 360 Victoria 6,655, 936 , 360 642,424 Total . . 24,245,251 29,585, 391 5,340,140 ‘‘The progress of the orange growing industry is equally remarkable. Taking the dozen as the unit of calculation, and estimating the contents of each case at fifteen dozen, we have the following results ORANGE PRODUCTION IN AUSTRALIA. 1889-90. 1890-91. Doz Incr, Doz. N. S. Wales ca; 74 392 11,562,000 487,608 Queensland ...... : 913,759 353,195 Se Ansteshign 6 8 eae a 671,430 45,600 Total . . 12,260,786 13,147,189 886, 403 ‘¢ The quantity of fag ad produced in Victoria is not 0 cially given. The next two leading fruit crops are apelel and pears, of wiih mo aaa is the principal grower, pro- ducing in 1890-91 368,986 bushels of apples, and 23,204 bushels of pears. During the previous “v4 the season being , 503,013 bushels, pea oe bushels. _produced in 1890-91 was 253,349 dozen, see 227,785 dozen bana during the sah year ; an $ 22,002,092 dozen, against 4,993,517 dozen in 1888—go, en ous re Considerable Wanitiies of genes sceawbericn, raspberries, London markets, the prices being considerably lower.” he t interests of Aust are greatly stimulated by government ies. Any settler who will undertake to plant ten acres in raisin grapes or currant grape vines will be Fruits and Vegetables. 47 paid £20, half of it the first year, and the balance at the rate of £5 for the two succeeding years. A further bonus of #5 a ton will be paid on all raisins and currants produced, the sum paid to any single person or association not to ex- ser £100 annually. For planting figs and prunes, a bonus an acre is offered, and for every ton of the fruit dried #5 in addition will be paid for each hundred weight of such fruit exported. A bonus of £3 an acre is also offered for the planting of the following fruits: Apples, al- monds, apricots, cherries, citrons, currants, figs, guavas, gooseberries, loquats, lemons, limes, medlars, mulberries, nectarines, nuts, olives, orang hes, persimmons, plums, pears, quinces, raspberries and shad s. Fore e ported to a foreign market, a bonus of 30 shillings per hundred weight will be paid in addition. For planting olives a bonus of £3 per acre is offered, with a further payment of I uling for each gallon of oil made. For peanuts a bonus of £2 an acre is offered, with a further bonus of 1 shilling for each gallon of oil made. This practice is opposed to that of California, where trees are taxed, being considered as improvements upon r real es tate. The trees are taxed before they come into bearing, as well as afterwards. The following schedule of valuations is now in use: Fruit trees, first year, $15 per acre; secon year, $20; third year, $30; fourth, $40; fifth, $50. Citrus trees, first year, $50 per acre; second year, $75; third, $100; fourth, $125; fifth, Pee sixth, $200; seventh, 225; eighth, $250; ninth, $275; tenth, $3 06; eleventh, $325; twelfth, $350; thirteenth, 3375: fourteenth, $400. Vines, first year, $15 per acre; ‘second year, $20; third, $35; fourth, $40; $50. fifth, Germany. The condition of fruit growing in European countries needs be well studied by American exporter f he foreign fruit ae greatly influences et growing in Germany was discussed recently by R. Goethe- Australian fruit bounties. Californian fruit-taxes. S, k Germany. ing in Germany. 48 Annals of Horticulture. Geisenheim, from whose writing the remaining portion of this chapter is condensed:* Many attempts to improve the methods of fruit es have been made in Europe and America during the past tw or three decades. The United States has been mete active in the work, and many valuabie results have been ob- rapid that but few growers, as arule avail themselves of their opportunities. This neglect to adopt modern views is very noticeable Se. Germany he growers do not appear to be alive to the various ways in which fruit can be put upon the rket e is more or less uncertainty occ the disposal of e. An example of this has recently been pi in the matter of evaporating fruits. It was said by the wayeorgas both of America and of Germany that the fruit may be advantageously disposed of when evaporated, and all pope the returns have been overestimated, and other profitable methods for ee fruit for market have unfortunately at alow price. Often it has been used as food for stock. ing years of scarcity the prices are high, but the quantity ~ #Ueber die gegenwiartige Lage des Obstbaues in Deutschland. Mitt. der Deutsch. a casayibebe -Gesell. Aug 17, 1892. Fruits and Vegetables. 49 of fruit is not sufficient to make up for the losses of other years. These objections, which are only too well adapted to check advances in fruit culture, can for the most be easily an- swered. If the figures which show the average yield are cor- rect there exists no particular drawback to the profitable cul- ture of fruits, for with other crops, other injurious influences are present. ‘The abundant years are not more frequent, and Fruit- the years of failure are not less common. Certainly the un- toward influences are increased in those localities in which the plants have been set in poor soil or in some unfavorable location, or if the proper varieties have not been selected. It is equally certain that in favorable localities and in fertile may not fall below a certain point. Wherever the complaint is made of too great yields, there the preservation of fruit is not understood, and where these latter methods are under- 7,000,000 fruit trees, and still the price of apples per cwt. has fallen under 2 marks only once in the past 30 years, while on the average it ranges from 3 to 15 marks. The price is kept from falling by the constant demand of the wine estab- hments. * A mark is 23.8 cents. Mo. Bot. Garden, growing in Germany. Fruit- growing in Germany. 50 Annals of Horticulture. are found. Consequently the yields are larger and more fre- t quent, so tha e growers of the district can say: ‘‘If the Bohnapfel yield well we are satisfied, even though the field crops have not yielded ood harvest.”’ Thus we see that fruit culture in the above district is more important than gen- eral agriculture, and its value is thoroughly appreciated. The question may arise, how low the price of fruit may fall and the industry still be a profitable one. The answer is influenced by the value of the land as well as by the climate and soil; probably it would be safe to say that under ordinary circum- stances and with average yields as given above, the price of 3 marks per cwt. is sufficient to make fruit culture profitable. In this estimate no account is taken of the decided influence which man exerts upon his trees by plentiful manuring and careful cultivation. The frequency of good yields can in this manner be largely increased. : The high rates charged by railroads for the transportation of fruit deserves serious consideration, for it often happens that good crops are obtained in one part of the country while Germany, where but little fruit was produced. ruit dealers and wine merchants from Wirttemberg took steps for the pur- This condition of affairs is very unfortunate for the Ger- man fruit industry, and it appears to be very doubtful if lower freight rates can be obtained. All growers in Germany must put more dependence upon the preservation of fruits. That Fruits and Vegetables. 51 part of the crop which cannot be sold at home can, when dried, readily be shipped to other districts, since the dried fruit occupies so much less space and is so much lighter than the fresh product, consequently it can be shipped much cheaper. As regards the objection that trees are injured by frost, it must be admitted that occasionally much damage is done. Nevertheless, something can be done to lessen it. Hardy varieties should be given the preference, and if trees are im- Fruit- ported, they should be obtained from countries at least as cold as the one in which they are to be grown. In this manner the heavy losses which sometimes occur from frost can be reduced to a minimum. Injury is also done to crops grown in the shade of trees ; still the value of the trees is five or six times greater than the Peaches into our market days earlier than c be done from the Rhine district ; and the beauty of southern table fruits, especially those from South Tyrol, so attracts growing in Germany. Statistics of German fruit-grow- ing. 52 : Annals of Horticulture. buyers of fruits that they neglect or overlook our native fruits, although their flavor is decidedly better than that of the southern products. These unfavorable conditions will — have still greater importance if the tariff upon foreign fruit is lowered. would be very unjust to give fruit culture a second place in our agricultural pe eines on account of the objections just mentioned. There are a great many fruits which succeed so well in Germany that foreign competition will effect them but little, if at all. The German dessert apples can never be excluded from our markets for any length of time, on account of their superior flavor. Morello and other sour cherries are famed for their rich flavor, and pears succeed so well in some parts of the country that the foreign article can be dispensed with. Nevertheless we cannot get along without foreign fruit, Vv ating factories must obtain their required supplies. The ount of fruit imported is mainly determined by these factories, for in such regions as Wiirttemberg large numbers 3 three months from September to November, 1881, 7,004 car- loads of fruit were shipped into bhi ase Sabet of these, 5,688 came from Austria and Switzerlan he average, five nature that future importations will be diminished. Statistics of the importation rae pope as of age dry ° and preserved fruits show that much remains to one. The se ese have been made public by the "Ro yal Minister of Agriculture for Prussia. They show that the exportation of fresh fruit yt the years 1880 to 1889 was 2,494,513 dcwt.,* while the importation was 5,980,864 dewt. This. is 3.- 486,351 dcwt. in favor of the exports. ose. difference is still greater when we consider the dry and preserved fruit, for during the same years only 40,333 dcwt. wae exported, while 2,416,095 dcwt. were caste making an excess of 2,375,762 dcwt. in favor of the importer are 220.462 pounds avoirdupois. pee ep *h dewt. equals ¢ double hundred weight izentner), and is here idered as the Santonio of 100 kg. (kilograms, which Fea ae ) is here conside fruits and Vegetables. 53 total annual payments made to foreign countries for fresh, dried and preserved fruits undoubtedly amount to 15,668,966 marks, Upon closer inspection of the statistics of fresh fruits, it will at once be seen that Austria is credited with an annual im- portation of 379,928 dcewt.; Switzerland follows with 108,710 wt.; the Netherlands, 40,478; Belgium, 22,775, and Italy with 19,724 dcwt. The greater part of the Italian importations consisted of oranges, early peaches, and filberts. The figures should be considered as averages only, for they vary more or less, according to the character of the yields during different years. Lately America has also imported dessert apples in considerable quantities. he present exportation of fruits from Germany is as fol- Ows: Great Britain, 44,944; The Netherlands, 23,766; Switzerland, 15,120 and France, 13,83 in addi- tion, Denmark received 8,000, Russia 4,171, and Sweden more than counter- balanced by continually increasing importations. _ As regards drie Pp ed fruits, Austria sent us 168,661 dcwt., this being the greatest amount sent f y countries supply the greater part of the inland markets with Prunes which, as a matter of fact, we cannot produce so cheaply and only rarely so well. The other countries which import dried or preserved fruit into Germany are given in the order of their importance: America (evaporated apples), France (prunellos), Netherlands, Belgium and Italy. The importa- tons from Austria, Servia, America and Belgium are steadily increasing. ; As already stated, our exportation of evaporated and pre- __ Served fruits is very small, and the shipments made to Switzer- * German fruit sta- tistics. Ghee fruit- growing. 54 Annals of Horticulture. land are the only ones of any ue Deleon But even Swit- zerland now sends us more than she receiv These statistics of the importations of faa, dried, and pre- served fruits indicate strongly the Shanta! of supplying the e market with our own produc Otherwise consid- erable sums of money must go to othek countries for fruits which, for the most part, might be produced at home. While in other countries great stress is laid upon the increase | of exports, in Germany the most important question is how to reduce the imports. Statistics show that the demand for is open to those who would engage in the occupation of supplying the home ee This increased demand for fresh fruit is partially due to the natural increase of population of the empire and to a greater desire of the people for fresh fruit. Better methods of preparing oe various products ob- tained from fruits has also increa the demand for the latter. This is especially DP oticea bie is ‘he, case of wine made from apples. The factories of Frankfurt- Sachsenhausen and or keep in tropical sijelo Serres er’ quantities have been shipped to Trindad, Sumatra, and to the most distant islands of the Pacific. It seems as Si the peculiar acidity of the wine is particularly isiekged in hot countries. Our marine service also consu e and more evaporated fruit, and without doubt a Stofitable trades in these articles could also be carried on with the colonies. The demand for apples is also increased i by other siege of manufacture. Reference lower Rhine dbatticte. This ncn wi be. used in much o a very gratifying extent. eae the past five rs t demand for p preserved fruit was supplied almost entirely by — Ss On eas Fruits and Vegetables. 55 foreign sciods, because the methods of manufacture were not c considerably increased if a sufficient supply of the raw material could be obtained at home. On the other hand, the must be imported, as is still done in the case of apricots and Morello cherries. Large quantities of good varieties of these two ie should be raised, if only to supply the demands of factor The sea in fresh fruits makes certain demands upon fruit srowers. Those demands are not often complied with, but ing the regular fruit dealers, and to have fruit markets in their stead, or to form associations for the preservation of fruits. The ad antages to the producer of such arrange- do that no one need fear overproduction. The use of various forms should oS encouraged at every oppor tunity, and methods of growing and using fruits should be fully developed. If this og is well done areas devoted to fruit can easily be made twice as extensive as they now are, and the demand for the product will in all probability be as Sood, if not better, than at the present time. Fruits in Germany. The year. S$ 2. Ornamentals. has become a subject of common remark. , Perhaps the most conspicuous single innovation in technical methods which has gained much prominence during the year, is the apparent establishment of the merits of the short-span-to-the- south not specifically floricultural, is still worthy of note here. This movement is about four years old.* Many flowers have been lem lution in Congress late in the year designating the pansy as the national flower and arranging the stars upon the national - flag in pansy form, but the resolution was not adopted. The Senate of Minnesota passed a resolution naming the moc- asin flower, cypripedium, as the state flower. At its July meeting, the Oregon State Horticultural Society named the Oregon grape (Berberis Aquifolium) as the state emblem. In Washington the plant is often called Washington holly. . Roses. In America three plants greatly outstrip all others © in sights Sear rose, chrysanthemum and winter carnation. wo latter plants were already honored by national socie- ties. - the opening of the year,+ but the rose has received similar recognition during 1892. The first call for a rose See A Annals for 1889, 82._ Annals for 1899, 35 +The Chrysanthemum society was orghaiees ne _ (see Annals for 1889, 89), and the Carnation society in 1891 (see Annals for 1891, 5} (56) Ornamentals. 57 society appeared in the American Florist for May 19, 1892,* ove mes. of E. G, Hill, J... N. May, : As: Hunt; Robert Craig, J. C. Vaughan, Ernst Asmus, Antoine ae ae Piciac n, Edwin Lonsdale, John Burton and Anthony. one, objects desired in such an organization were declared to be ‘* First:: to stimulate and encourage the raising of ne **Second : to establish and encou rage rose exhibitions throughout the country and, as soon as Seneca to hold a na tonal rose show or exhibition each recurring yea hird: to establish a proper and intelligent athe of iets and to pquaanonnag weed out of our lists Wosthless and undesirable varietie ‘‘Fourth: to give better opportunity for rosarians to be- ization of a rose society was held in August in Washington, at the time of the meeting of the Society of American Florists, uta permanent organization was postponed, although defi- nite preliminary — were taken in the formulation of con- _ Stitution and by-la he following review of some of the newest roses is written for this oe by E. G. Hill, Richmond, Indiana :+ ‘' Katserina Augustine Victoria, (H.T.) Pure ivor whit a strong, free gr pair with very handsome buds. Probably a formidable rival for Bride amo g the forcing roses; one of the most siiecties roses of recent years. ““ dugustine Halem. (H. T.,) Has all the freedom of the Teas, both in growth and bloom. Dark crimson in color, of good build; very e ‘Danmark. (H.T.) A seedling from La France, ae similar in color, but of the rounded form of the best Hybrid Perpetu “Madame Pernet Ducher. (H. T.) The first distinct yellow Hybrid S t. ‘\ Madame V. Menier. (H. T.) Astrong, free grower, with large foliage; —— ride and double, and of a lovely shade of pin geligue Veysset. H. T.) ‘‘Striped La France.” On with ahiadent (Annals tor 1890, 4 ee reas announcement was made in the issue of April 28. TSe See also Rose, in list of Introductions, Part AL dame An ( eof the most beautifal of variegated dg rose and white, otherwise identical > Rost society New New Roses. 58 Annals of Horticulture. ss of gg rag sae bye Ta we ig gi tng rose; needs further trial. ady ( of the late Mr. Bennet'’s fine duties fle sh co olor, tate and ic ng a nice piney ‘* Madame Caroline Testout. a The most noted rose of the year from the Sarita potak of v eing a fine forcer; of the general style of La France, but a high nba nt of pink which never purples. ee si pe ia Perle aon Tattinn erin for b ouard Littaye. (Tea.) oc one and vigorous, after the general style of Mad. Cusin ; vor free ; ses ce uk fine. ‘* Beles n peach. Free growing; promises re make a a goo od bre ‘* Madame Louis Patry. (Tea.) Deep shed rose, panded china rose; fine in form and substance, A very nice gro “Grand Duchess Hilda, (Tea.) Naakeea® ‘suhlonk shading to ochre. M i h. teur Loubet. (Tea.) Dwarf but vigorous; very large, finely ormed flowers; outer petals his tae Te der rose, center metal- yellow color, heightening sometimes to ‘* Berthe Clavel. (Bourbon.) vr sitiped sport from old Souvenir de la almaison. Color creamy white, with rose center ; reverse of the pet etals striped violet and light rose. The above is the raiser’s description. have had blossoms answering the description, and Tt hink this a novel rose. ‘*General Berge. (H.P.) Strong, vigorous growth, producing large, finely formed flowers of exquisite shape. Brilliant currant red, shaded silvery maroon. Very fragrant and free-flowering. ' Sad ( One alamander, (H. P. of seus ence | prize winners a the year. Flowers bright scarlet ee ivid in sum nd a_ free autumnal bloomer. A brilliant ane aout effective rose, ‘either for the garden or hig eee ree Frere Marie- (H. P.) Se eatne nee a Rothschild, having bath the habit aah foliage of its parent. Flowers very large and double, produced s singly. lor beautiful chink rose. Ve ctdiaae nely get ‘* President Carnot. (H.P P.) One of the notabl of t gs bright rose, shaded eae. carmine. A distinct sett Deantifel pane’ every respect. '* Ma dame vse ged opiate (H. P.) Arose after the style and growth of Mad. Luizet, arer and brighter color, with more regularly formed petals Splendid for forc ‘* Sphense wers ‘beautitol satin pink, the outer petals shaded sad reflexed ar es cre Thi Ns prove a good forcing and ex- hibition —_ Splendid for the ike po ‘* Margaret Dickson. (H. P.) Winker of a gold medal for ay nee rose at Nationa 1 Rose Society’ sshow, in England. This rose is almost 4 pure white in color, strong in growth, and pains ye flowering. The icon Hybrid rose of recent years. (Annals for 1891, 76. ‘* Zenobia. (Moss.) Flowers fine satin rose color, very soft and pleas- ing; Para finely mossed, and exceedingly fragrant. A splendid addition. on Globe. A superb hybrid Moss; the growth bold, the leafage ot) Tea.) Bright sg bata with dark heavy foliage like ‘ Ornamentals. 59 ample, and the flower of large size, globular in form, and quite full, pro- ducing bloom in large clusters; the color rich, glowing crimson. é ‘Captain Basroger. (Moss.) Bright carmine crimson, shaded with blackish purple. Very large, and of fine, globular shape. Very free flower- ing. (Annals for 1890, 46.) : ‘‘ Duke of Fife. (H. P.) Rich crimson scarlet; in every other way identical with Etienne Levet, from which it is a sport. feet! ebe ‘Janet's Pride. (Sweet Brier. pillar rose.”’ Chrysanthemums. The noteworthy chrysanthemum history of the year is the sending of flowers from New Zealand to Varieties were commended. The varieties are described as follows by an English writer :* ‘“‘Rimutaka, slightly hairy, not unlike M. R. Bahuant, described by the sender as like Lord Wolseley, with broader petals (commended). Lady Bell appeared a blush variety, Certificate. J. J. Kerslake I see did not put the color down, ut it was commended. Zelandia; a couple of blooms were Sent of this variety, evidently a silvery lilac, reverse of petals bright pink, a fine variety ; first-class certificate. Tongariero, Pink reflexed Japanese, the smallest flower sent; a pretty thing, but as exhibited too small.” : The compliment was returned by sending to New Zealan a collection of frozen prize winners from the Westminster Show. These are to be exhibited at the meeting of the Wel- lington Chrysanthemum Society in April, 1893. _—— *J. B. R., in Brit. Gard. viii. 180. New TOS! es. Chrysan- the i mums nice. Interna- tional chry- santhemum show. 60 Annals of Horticulture. In America, perhaps the most important venture of the year was the inauguration of a movement for an international chrysanthemum exhibition to be held inChicago. A meeting was held at the World’s Fair headquarters Monday, January 25, 1892. Some twenty gentlemen were present from Indiana and Chicago. aN COnSIGETCle discussion the following resolution was pass Wuerras, The World’s Columbian Exposition closes Octo- ber 30, 1893, too early for the annual chrysanthemum show of that year; and WuereEas, These annual shows have become the greatest and most popular medium of expression of public interest 1 se horticulture ; therefore, we recommend that the Horticulture arrange for the International Chrysanthemum Show in the horticultural building, under the auspices of the American Chrysanthemum Society, opening November 3 and continuing 15 days. Suitable medals and premiums should be fairly done for an amount, say, not exceeding $12,000. The registration* of chrysanthemums with the secretary of the American Chrysanthemum Society (Edwin Lonsdale) for se was as follows :t SmitH & Sons, Adrian, Mich.—Niveus, Mrs. M. W. ae fon Ermenilda, Alba Venus, Dose A. Wheeler, Dr. H. ull, panes J. A. Pettigrew, Ingomar, Expansus, Insoletus, Unele Jo fee me E. S po & Co., Richmond Indiana.—A. ing, Amber ~ Queen, Anna Woods, Geo R. Gause, Jennie Williams, "Joey Hill, i ' Ho itt, Miss ‘Lydia Hopkins, Maud Dean, Mrs. J W , Pres R. a Bete neha W. G. Newitt, W. Se Rudd. By . SPAU NG, Oran nge, New Jer Sturges, Ameri- can Fla rer oe Strickland, Bryden. Jr., Ray: Vadenbace, Miss M. Sim kins, Mrs, Dudley C. Hall, Martha Duryea, M. B. Spa ssi, Eiderdown, Mrs. J. M. Schley, Snowflake, Wyndmoor, Walter Hunnew By Frep. S. Watz, Cumminsville, soo rae Ohi ra Comrade, Cardinal, H. L. Sunderbruch, Lena Walz, Miss aus Fleischman, Perle, Ruby, Robert J. wee y. The Queen, Theodore Boc k, Wm. Bolia y FRep. NER, Lafayet te, Indiana.—A pak 78 Mrs. Chas. Duhume, < Sarah Hill. By ag Cuirre, Germantown, Philadelphia.—J. H. Cliffe. By H. W. Rreman.—Bynum Schiltges, Ernest neg Irma. *For the introductions of 1892, see the List of Introductions, Part I +Ata meeting of the American Chrysanthemum Society, held in Washingto on in Au = , it was voted that the Selae Gan annually furnish kanal of Horticulture wit : ofncial list of the registrations of g e Ornamentals, 61 By Perer Henperson & Co., New York. eta ¢ Wedding. By Wo. Tricxer, Dougan Hills, S FN, Thos. H. Brown, Fair- view, Flossie, Judge Addison Brown, Judge Chai rm. Benedict. ByMrs. E. Sup i i By Joun N. May, Summit, New Jersey.—Creole, Faltstaff, seg -§ tion, Gloriana, Illuminator, spina Miss Francis Thorley, Miss Price, Mr, Jingle, Summit, Temptation, Truth, Catauaiere , Old acca: Portia, Sans Peur, Wang, White Gem, William impson.. Menand, W. J. Palmer, Mr. Ed. G*Nihlien , John White, a Florence, La France, Mr. Joseph Clark, Burnham Squier, Mrs. Tre ertie. Y HerBert Tone, Erie, Penna.—Mrs. C. H. ong, Daybre ak, _ Wm. Brewster, Pink Coral, Dr. B. D. Schlandecker, Cascade, Lizzie Pe Charlotte Russe, Tong Jr., Rayon d’Or, Emma Laura T., War Pain baton whew d, Fairy Queen. By J.C. VauGuan, Chicago.—C. R. Gallup, Mrs. Jessie C. Kno tle GEORGE W. MILLER, Chines: —Miss Margaret Miller, Wakenda, T: By T. D. Hatrretp, Wellesley, Mass.—Lady Playfair, Albion, Excel- sior, Col. Robt. G. Ingersoll, Westward Ho. The following survey of chrysanthemums in 1892 is writ- ten for this volume e py B. M. Watson, Jr., Bussey Institution, Harvard Universit he season now ‘closing has been unequalled ; the unusu- ally bright weather and a temperature which made fire heat almost unnecessary have given a combination not always, Es unstely, to be depended upon, and the result has been Most satisfactory. All lovers and cultivators of the plant are encouraged, and, as there is no sign of a falling off in popu- larity, the deniers are satisfied. Prices have been variable ; 800d flowers have been sent to market in greater abundance than ever before; the best have been sold withaue trouble at €rs must bear this in mind more pa Only first-class material j is likely to give profitable r **It is the large flower with the es ‘stiff stem which is in demand. the larger the flower, the stiffer the stem, the better. It is the ‘Japan nese chrysanthemum which, almost exclusively, fills the show windows and covers the exhibitien tables. The Registered chrysan- themums. hrysan-_ themums in 1892. House chrysan- themums. 62 Annals of Horticulture. Chinese seems to be passing out of cultivation, following in the tracks of the fast-disappearing anemone and pompon. This is a pity, when so great a variety is obtainable, few flow- ers presenting so many different phases. It is to be regretted that more attention is not given to cherishing these highly desirable classes. ‘‘Very little progress has been made in growing plants suitable for use in living rooms. The magnificent specimens as a means of displaying new seedlin B lants and cut- owers were everywhere much better than in any previous is superiority was manifest in the nearly uniform of individual flowers, perhaps it is not too much to say that @ diameter of ten inches was frequently seen. It is stated that he pl ras ji ght a eN ject as Mrs. Alpheus Hardy. At the Boston show, a total — height of fifteen feet was claimed for some standards. This | must be considered as proof of a much better understanding of cultural requirements. ) When e is consulted about varieties with an ide on a tO making a list which might help a beginner in his selections, Ornamentals. 63 he is very much at sea; their name is legion, and the matter is going from bad to worse. If anybody doubts this, let Washington. Some of these date back five or six years, a few perhaps longer, but the greater number by far are very new, and what is more, are largely local. A table made up on some such plan would show fifty sorts say, taking front rank in every exhibition. ut many other names would appear as prize- was a tendency to do away with these introductions from abroad. It looks as if the chrysanthemum of the future would be American grown; there is by no means the same go. ; ‘“‘The number of seedlings shown for the first time this year is uncommonly large. In many respects they are highly Satisfactory. Although no great advances have been made, the improvements, both in color, form, and probably in habit of Wedding, yellow, Peter Henderson & Sons ; Mrs. F. L. Ames, New chrysan- themums, Recent chrysan- themums. . — Old chrysan- themums. besides L. Boehmer, we have Wm. Falconer, Miss Annie 64 Annals of Florticulture. the New York show for a set of 35 seedlings, one, by the way, Black Prince, being described as ‘dark as a Prince C. de Rohan rose.’ In the west, E. G. Hill & Co., Fred. Dorner, H. W. Rieman and others received certificates for many seed- lings not yet offered for sale. In the Philadelphia show Mrs. . has been a frequent prize taker at the English shows. It was introduced to this country by L. Menand, of Albany, and first grown in quantity by John H. Taylor, Bayside, Long Island. ‘«“Among the older sorts, W. H. Lincoln was perhaps more often noted than any other one kind, with Ivory a close second. Inthe English horticultural journals it is notice that W. H. Lincoln makes a good showing at the exhibitions; so do others of the Neesima collection. H. E. Widener 15 near the top, and so is Domination; other good whites are: L. Canning, Robert Bottomley; and yellows, Kioto, Grandi- florum, Gloriosum, ‘G: Hi iss Minnie Wanamaker, white, has proved most useful; nothing had promised better- Ada Spaulding, Mermaid, Mrs. Irving Clark, Lizzie Cart ledge, Mrs. J. N. Gerard, Lilian B. Bird are still to the fore among pinks. Cullingfordii is not yet superseded. 1” a Boston shops, Geo. Gordon (L’Africaine) proved eer a B e as an early bloomer. F. Thompson and L. Boehmer — make interesting exhibition plants, and so does Rohallion. Dean prize at New York. With her, in the hairy class Ornamentals. 65 Manda, W. A. Mandaand Mrs. L. D. Ward. None of these are easily handled, apparently, except by expert growers. In Garden and Forest, p. 595, Vol. V., will be found a list of late- blooming chrysanthemums, contributed D. Hatfield, W. K. Harris and Edwin Lonsdale: whites, Ethel, Molly Bawn, White Cap, Mrs. Humphreys, Mt. Blanc, Potter Palmer, Flora Hill and Mrs. John Wescott; yellows, Mrs. H. J. Jones, Mrs. Isaac Price, Goldfinder, Gloriana ; seedlings, ‘92, J. N. May, Gold, Miss Eva Hoyt, Mrs. H. G. Pennock and Dr. Covert; pinks, Syringa, John Lane, Mrs. Charles Dissell ; C. B. Whitnall, claret, O: P. Bassett, crimson, and Marvel, pink and white. i Ch *“One could go to much greater length with these names, but on looking back through earlier numbers of the Annals, and seeing how few of the varieties once recom- cultural periodicals. There is in the American Florist for Ov. 17, No. 233, a list of the most prominent varieties in cultivation here, with comments by such good growers as 0 . K, Harris, E. A. Wood, Ernst Asmus and A. H. F ewkes, a most valuable contribution Struck cuttings, last of June, from healthy plants are used by the best growers; three or four flowers can be carried chrysan- themums. 66 Annals of Horticuiture. of this description. The chrysanthemum spray is a beau- tiful object, and in that form the natural stiffness and for- Desired ats of the flower are less conspicuous ; the process of themums. disbudding necessary to obtain the large bloom destroys this beauty. Why will not some of the expert growers consider this ao and endeavor to develop the possibilities in this direction - Sees there has not been so much trouble this year as before with the leaf-hoppers. Whether it is an off-season for the bugs, or whether the preventives and remedies used Carnations. Ther ae caapap rae of carnations with the sec- retary (C. J. Pennock) of the American Carnation Society or es has been as follows By CREIGHTON, New Hamburgh, New York.—Netherwood, bright Searle ‘King rope ig (Onieial Rob Roy, red; Village Maid, blush, marked carmine ; Crimson net, crimson ; Peachblow Coronet, white, diffused with pink : White Corecess, white. By Joun McGowan, Orange, N. J.—Senator McPherson, red. By Martin CumminGs, Reading, ar eR tebe Russell, white. ts pug ins TuRNER, Geneva, O.—Minerva’s, Pin Rigatied RED. Dorner, Lafayette, en es dame Diaz Albertini, light Less rnations. Mrs. batts Raynol ds, pink; ond, dark rose; Esther, light pin anch, white; Spartan, prititent < cariaine: Wabash, crimson ; Lafayette, sien oe a By C. J. Hartret, Redondo Beach, Cal.—Striped pam pink, strip white ; 3 W. Wolfskill, rosy flesh ; Sirius, scarlet; Lois J. Haettel, ae white; Mrs. Londsdale, rosy flesh, blended lighter ; Leon Gambetta deep oe By E Houde, Maspeth, N. Y.—Laura Hempstead, bright pink, By J. G. & A. Ester, Saddle River, N. J.—Rosalie, rich pink, shad By y Jan n Bros., New Bedford, Mass.—John R. Renere, variegated; Wm. Pierce, Sr., pink ; Josiah Eaton, Jr., white; Pink Beauty, light pink. : An estimate ley 4 Richard ee Lo mbard, a Pane tee : i eae, eee MT this occasion by Edwi n Lonsdale, president of the American : : Carnation ripe “¥Fo: For introductions of carnations in 1892, see list of Introductions, Part {At the meeting of the American Carnation Society at Buffalo, pasate. ‘1892, the Ke retary —_* nstructed to furnish an annual official list of registrations to Annals Horticu Ornamentals. 67 - ‘Carnations are still holding their own in popularity, coming in a good second to the rose, and so ong as improve- ments continue, either in better varieties, better culture, short time in culture and varieties. This is the way in which the carnation is now handled, but we shall eventually grow them in-doors the year round. Last summerItried afew plants under glass, with very satisfactory results. Others who have tried them also report a similar experience. ‘*In disbudding carnations, there wiil not be the same have i the petals had more substance. Further experiments and Closer observations will be necessary, however, before a more decided opinion can be given on these points. One advan- tage in disbudding is secured b removing the terminal bud and all the lateral buds excepting three, taking care to have its gracefulness. _ ‘There are so m y experimenters in the field at this time raising seedlings, that we must not be surprised to see feat results spring up in some unexpected place at any Ime ‘ W very popular, as that color is much sought. It has some de- fects. The raisers of seedlings bent their energies towards i™Provement in that color. Much success has crowned their efforts. There are Grace Battles, Edna Craig, Wm. Scott, |. Want an improvement on Portia as a scarlet variety. The Plant is generally a healthy grower and a free bloomer, but the Carnations in 1892. Disbud- ding car- nations. Raising new _ carnations, Raising ne carnations. 68 Annals of Horticulture. burst the calyx and those having broad petals instead of those having a great number. It is much better to have a given number of petals well disposed than to have a confused mass of petals; the latter flower lacks high character. Cesar has which was entirely free from this fault of bursting the calyx. «Some years ago, the first flower of one of my own seed- , lings pleased me greatly. It was beautiful in form an distinct in color, a large flower, stout stem, and it did not burst-the calyx. I raised every cutting from it. When the enjoyed by the enthusiast. ‘The prices for carnations have not ruled so good this year as last. This has been brought about by the supply being _ somewhat greater than the demand. The drought of last su nd autumn was influential in producing a less rampant growth than is usual in a more moist season; that 1s to say, it made a semi-ripened growth, which is believed to Ornamentals. 69 conduce to the production of flowers rather than to growth. Grace Wilder, which has held its own for so long on account of its peculiarly delicate pink color, has, I think, been too plen- tiful in the New York markets this year for the first time. > line of color. Buttercup is conceded to be the best of its color—yellow, marked with bright red—and it is also one of the oldest varieties in cultivation in America. We may go further, and say that it is not only the best of its color, but one of the very best varieties in the whole list of canations. But, unfortunatly, it succeeds only in very few places. My Own experience with it dates back nearly to the time it was disseminated by the raiser, the late Chas. T. Starr. I have tried it in two widely different localities as regards soil, a stiff stubborn, clayey loam,and one that is largely made up o mica. But no success followed. It would not flourish out- Carnation market. Commer- cial va- rieties. Novelties of 1892. 70 Annals of Horticulture. Lizzie McGowan, Mrs. Fisher and Silver Spray are dividing the honors, Lizzie McGowan taking the lead in some sections of the country, and Mrs. Fisher and Silver Spray in others. But there is room for improvement in all of them. Daybreak, salmon pink, has leaped into popularity with both grower and retailer. This is the test of the true worth of a variety. It has a strong-growing habit, stout stems, a well-built flower, and it is of a pleasing color.” : New plants of 1892. The progress of any year in floricul- servers. These discussions are from English writers, an they indicate very closely what has been the direction of pro- gress in European countries during the year. American nov- elties have already been discussed so far as roses, chrysanthe- mums and carnations are concerned, and a full descriptive list of all our introductions will be found in Part he pears in print, is from W. J. Bean, of the Royal Gardens, Kew. ‘For many years past the largest and most important ad- ing the great and increasing popularity of the ast-named class. At the same time it is evident that orchid importers have latterly found it good business to give more attention w goodly number of our best new stove species to the fact that firms which a few years ago concerned themselves exclusively with orchids now make it an important, if secondary, part 0 their collectors’ duties to secure new and beautiful exotic plants belonging to other groups. «On the whole, it may be said that the past twelvemonth * A good account of the novelties of the year will also be found in Gardener’s Chron- ticle, Jan. 7 and Jan. 14, 1893. : ‘ ee . Ornamentals. 71 has seen the introduction of several plants of sterling value which are certain to become permanent occupants of our gar- dens; in two or three instances, indeed, their first appearance almost produced a sensation. The usefulness of the Royal Horticultural Society’s meetings at Westminster for bringing novelties, either of home or foreign origin, to the notice of the gardening world, and having their value appraised by compe- tent judges, has been more than ever apparent, and not since Lindley’s time, probably, have the shows of the society been Jan., 1891) to the new streptocarpuses as likely to prove ex- tremely useful plants. The race, which originated at Kew, has, during the last two years, been energetically worked upon by’ Messrs. Veitch, and is now grown in every garden of note in this country; the reports of their new cultivators speak Strongly in their favor. ‘‘New Orchids. Taking first the new importations from c abroad, the orchid which has ‘proved the most striking of the year is Cypripedium Chamberlainianum.* This beautiful plant, which is remarkably distinct from any other cypripedium in cultivation, was introduced by Messrs. Sander, of St. Albans, rom New Guinea. It is indeed the most encouraging dis- Co * For list of illustrations of this plant, see Plant Portraits, in Part Il. Novelties of 1892. New cypripe- iums. 72 Annals of Horticulture. native specimens. Each flower is about five inches across, tally at each side, and are spotted with crimson on a white ground. The slipper is white, but almost covered on the lower part with soft rose-colored spots. A pubescence on sev- talum and C. ‘Ar gus. It is one of the few hybrid raised from C. bellatalum, fbhe is both distinct and handsome. C. Laurebel is also the offspring of C. del/atalum, the pthc parent being C. Lawrenceanum ; it was raised by Sir Trevor Lawrence, pres ident of the Royal Horticultural Society. C. Zelemachus 1s a pretty variety raised from C. miveum and C. Lawrenceanum, and in the same group must also be placed C Ries e, whose parents are C. concolor and C. Spicerianum. C. niveum, bellatu- ut there your sunny land, why every cultivator who has the time iil conveniences should not Soe is own. There is perhaps no work in the whole range of horticulture so interesting as this. _ «© A very remarkable new sv bulbophy llum has been introduced to Kew. Tt i is called B. comosum, and is a native of the Shan : states of Burmah. It is on only species as yet known with _ white flowers, which are also magne in being covered with Ornamentals. 73 and I consider it the best species in the genus. ‘«The noble genus cattleya has been increased by several lovely species and varieties. The year 1891 will always be memorable in orchid-lore on account of the re-discovery and introduction of the old and much valued C. /abiata (vera). The past year has not only proved its value for beautifying our orchid houses during autumn, buthasalsoseen the species itself supplemented by some magnificent varieties. ne name Sandere has pearly blush sepals and petals, the lip being white at the margin and violet crimson on the center ; another variety called a/éa is pure white. C. Stattertana is a species of the gigas set, and is near C. Hardyana ; the outer segments of the flower are almost white, whilst the lip is a gorgeous combina- tion of crimson, yellow, and purple—certainly one of the finest orchids of the year. Belonging to the same group as C. Statteriana is one which has been named C. Oweniana. It has er & Co. Cattleya Victoria-Regine is a new species, with tall slender stems. Its flowers, which are said to be borne in clusters of upwards of a score, are 6 inches in diameter; the sepals and petals are a soft, rosy crimson and the lip is white at the base but shot with Tose, the front portion being violet. A species nearly allied to the preceding is C. Alexandre, but, so far as has been shown at present, is much inferior. Cattleya speciosissima, a well known and handsome species, has been added to by a pure white Variety named Sanderiana,; it has the delightful fragrance of New cattleyas. Catt hybrids. New orchids, 74 Annals of Horticulture. disappeared, an instance of which has already occurred in the case of Calanthe Dominii, the first hybrid orchid ever raised, one bidium Winnianum is a promising hybrid raised from C. gt ganteum and C. eburneum. It has long spikes of ivory white flow- the lip being prettily spotted with crimson ; C. Humblotti a new species of considerable interest on oT of its pisatits in a wild state in Madagascar (where, hitherto, no conclusive evidence of the existence of the genus had been acne Its flowers are striking rather than pretty, being colored green and black. ‘‘To lelias a valuable variety has been added in ZL. anceps ar. Oweniana, which has larger and more richly colored flow- ers than the type species; the sepals and petals are rosy roe e flaked with white. ‘« The beautiful Odontoglossum tude att the most popular of blotched acer RS with a rich chocolate color. Another delightful form, which has been named Sander, has the flowers | almost covered with rosy crimson. Nearly every colors anum and lituiflorum; and lastly, D. Burfordiense, from D. Lina- wianum and aureum, may be mentioned as the more important garden hybri ‘« Ferns, The ribet? of any ve of plants is always to ber ‘ be measured by the num of new additions made to it, either of home or teen origin. Wh at we term popularity, however, never affects the great majority of private gardens, so far as the plantsof everyday use are concerned, and the more useful ferns are just as indispensable as ever they were, Ornamentals. 75 and just as much grown. Any new fern, consequently, gues is of sterling merit is freely purchased, although it does appear with the same ec/a¢, and does not fetch such a oe as an orchid of proportionate amg a value does. he a evene macrophyllum var. albo-striatum, is a handsome new form exhibited at Westminster during the summer; its pinnules are striped with creamy white, on a deep green — "tre. & elegantissimum is a very graceful- habited sport ro Conference at nines in August. ephrolepis davallioides Var. multiceps is a handsome crested form, whose dis- tremula var. variegata, as well as Pteris regin@ and P. cristata (the two last sports from the lovely P. Victoria-Regine—itsel Hye =F B. May, of Edmonton, London, who has done very good work amongst ferns during the last few years. His establishment, with its hundreds of thousands of ferns in every stage of curious group of acrogens. “Stove Plants. The most interesting stove plant Ss em. he flowers are two and one-half inches cae broadly Campanulate and pure white, and the scape bears about a dozen of them in a loose umbel. Everyone who has has seen this hybrid describes it as a plant of singular beauty. ‘The genus aristolochia, ua fsoimen had previously been = entirely unrepresented in any except botanic gardens, was forcibly brought to the notice of gre Fetes by the arelons New ferns. m1 se a J to- lochias and utricu- larias. Ne stove plants. 76 Annals of Horticulture. A. gigas a year or two ago. This year another species, 4. clypteata, has been illustrated in Zhe Gardener's Chronicle. It as been known for a good many years on the continent, but is practically new to England. Its flowers are six inches across, owish white, heavily mottled with purple. Another flow- ering plant deserving of note is Thunbergia grandifiora vat. alba, a white variety of the species, introduce w. Tw curious but sag te 8 beautiful species of U?ricudaria or blad- derworts, viz., U. mboldtti and U. longifolia, have received first-class dovibbaten! from the Royal Horticaltursd Society. The former has pale lavender-blue flowers, the latter pale mauve. These plants are semi-aquatic, and being frequently grown with orchids and of somewhat sie appearance, are very often thought to belong to that e remainder of the stove halite t Oo be enumerated are those whose beauty is in the foliage—a section that has always been a more.important one in the house than the flowering group. Aglaonema costatum is a new and pretty addition to the aroid family, introduced by Messrs. Veitch from the and punter with a glaucous bloom. Maranta Sanderiana has sbier: and pin ese two were conspicuous in a group of r years is Piychoradhis augusta, which was sent to Kew from the Nicobar rear last year. It belongs to the pinnate- -leaved group. An wet page rpus, P. pectinatus, has been importe from New Caledoni a by Messrs. Sander, which is likely to prove a useful hacohaiive plant. It has minute leaves an inch long by one- eighth wide; dark green, marked with a white line at each side of the mid- rib, the under surface being silvery. ‘*Greenhouse Plants. 1 do not know whether the popularity Ornamentals. 77 o be, put in commerce. The first of these was Aichardia LEiliottiana, which was exhibited at Westminster three years ago, and for the stock of which several hundred pounds was last month of the year it was announced that a Monsieur Deleuil, of Marseilles, had raised a hybrid between Richardia albo-maculata and R. hastata, both thirty-year-old plants in gardens, but neither of them much grown. This hybrid is s were sold at a London auction room. They were named, Provisionally, «Pride of the Congo’ and said to have been collected in Central Africa, near Lake Nyanza. None, of d **Of the other plants referable to this class, the following are selected as of most importance: Chirita depressa, intro- duced to Kew from Kuantung, in China; it is a dwarf os New callas. ® New t rhodo- dendrons, 78 Annals of Horticulture. from the Transvaal, South Africa. Its flowers are bright red, d borne in August, when the plant is without foliage. in Senecio Galpinii is a new species belonging to the group Kleinia. Its stems are in compact tufts and bear fleshy, glau- cous leaves, the flowers being orange colored. A native of the Transvaal. Streptocarpus Galpinii is a third plant from the same country and named after the sam e gentleman. Mr. Galpin is living in South Africa, and has wil for the last few years one of the most successful collectors of plants in com- munication with Kew. This new streptocarpus is similar in he gen being whit he flower is also distinct from that of any other in havin he corolla tube very short and wide. Mr. Watson, of Kew, o first brought this genus into promi- nence, considers it ye prettiest of any of the species. In an article I wrote for Zhe American Garden October, 1890, ! mentioned a new set of rhododendrons whose seed had been sent from Yunnan by a missionary; at that time only one species had flowered, but during the past year another reached hat stage. &. racemosum is a very charming little plant, ss ne near the upper part of the stem, thus iving them a racemose appearance. It is apparently well-suited for rockery eahivaten. should it prove hardy. It has been grown in the open by Messrs. Veitch at Coombe Wood nursery through one winter, but thatis a sheltered locality. During a visit I made palais ve outdoors, some of which were showing er s, so it is very probable that in the course of this oild we ‘shall b be able to judge whether they fulfill the great et formed about them. “* Oreopanax Sand nderi janum is a new species, similar in habit in cultivat tion. Its value, of course, resides in its eieigr TES Ornamentals. 79 into: three lobes. TZacsonia Smythiana is a hybrid of garden origin. The flowers are like those of 7: mollissima in shape, but are orange-scarlet in color. Mr. Baker, of Kew, a leading authority on this and allied genera, describes the leaves as of the intensest glaucous hue, and the species itself as the ‘prince of the genus.’ I can personally vouch for its magnificent appearance, having seen ing i of Han A. arborescens and A. ciliaris. Its raceme of flowers (which, co. ‘Hardy Plants. One of the horticultural surprises of the €xcept that they have no blue, range over the whole gamut of color. Any addition to the lilies could never be poanlebbey than welcome, more especially such a handsome one as Z. P . terminal umbel, are pale yellow, tinged with green outside. i i am New succulents, New lilies. 80 Annals of Horticulture. have been found in Yunnan and other parts of western China by the missionaries who sent over the new rhododendrons alluded to above, and we may, therefore, hope to see them, too, in our gardens before long: ° Z. mirabdile, flowers narrow, white, 6 to 7 inches long; Z. formosum, white, 6 to 7 inches long, broad; Z. myriophyllum, white, shaped like a large cup; 4 Yunnanense, white, tinged purple; Z. Delavayi, wine-red, dotted with brown inside; Z. Lankongense, flowers white OF ’ herbaceous garden. ‘‘ Buddleya Colville’ is not, strictly speaking, a new plant, but it flowered in Ireland during the summer of 1892 for the first time in the British Isles, probably in Europe. It grows on the Sikkim Himalayas at elevations reaching up to 12,000 feet. The species is shrubby, of very graceful habit, and flowers at the end of the current season’s growth. Individu- - ally, the flower is bell-shaped, with four recurving lobes to the corolla, and is colored pale purple.’’ ? A detailed account of the new plants of 1892 is given by W. Watson, of Kew, in Garden and Forest*, which I reproduce in full: ‘“‘The new plants of 1892, although more numerous than usual, do not include many of extraordinary merit; indeed, the number of really first-rate garden plants among them 1S exceptionally few. I propose to deal at first only with the plants for which English horticulture is responsible, leaving the introductions of foreign establishments for the latter part of my remarks. ‘‘ Orchids. The new introductions among orchids are fewet than usual, and the really good acquisitions fewer still. * Garden and Forest, vi. 41, 52, 89. Ornamentals. Sr Collectors have not been very fortunate in their discoveries, or Icannot name more than one of a first-rate character, Cypripedium Chamberlainianum. This plant has not yet re- veaied anything like the magnificence which the vendors, Messrs. F. Sander & Co., say it assumes in a wild state. It may, however, be expected to improve considerably under cultivation, and we may yet see the tall, many-flowered scapes which characterize this species, as seen by the collector in New Guinea. C. £xce/ is distinct enough, but wanting in attractions. ‘“‘The new cattleyas of last year have not yet fulfilled ex- pectations. C. Alexandre (Linden), instead of being ‘one of the most beautiful of all cattleyas,’ has proved so far one of the poorest, the several plants which have flowered quite C. being like C. Schilleriana, with rose-purple flowers. Cc of which there are now a considerable number. As was to be P r urned up among the thousands of plants recently imported of C. ladiata (Waroc- queana), and some of these have received names, such as C. labiata var. Sandere, C. labsata var. alba, etc. “Disa Cooperi and D. incarnata are very pretty in flower, e White flowers, which develop in January and are sweet-scented. Smaller orchids. ? “* Calanthe Sanderiana (F. Sander & Co.) is a likely plant Cypripe- diums. Cattleya novelties. Divers orchids. 82 Annals of Horticulture. for the greenhouse, as it has the habit and sturdiness of C. Natalensis, but is larger in flower and deeper incolor. Natal. LEpidendrum Godsefianum and E. Watsonianum (F. Sander & a New *. its : : orchids. do in the Brazilian forests. The white-flowered Masdevallia Sander & Co.), a new species, similar to O. d/andum, the flowers white, with chesnut spots, the labellum spotted with purple. There are improved or distinct varieties of O. crispum and O. Pescatorei this year as before. The allied genus, oncidium, also yields a trio of promising additions, all of F. Sander & Co.’s introducing : . Rolfeanum, from Colombia, section; O. Saint Legerianum, from South Brazil, is an ally ; of O. difolium, with long scapes of bright yellow flowers, re- markable for the size of the crest and its bright purple color, and O. Gravesianum, also of Brazilian origin, is one of the crispum or pretextum fraternity. ‘* Phajus Sanderianus (F. Sander & Co.)I should call a form of P. Wallichii, which Sir Joseph Hooker, in The Flora of tove orchid. Vanda teres, var. alba (Lord Rothschild), is, as 108 considerable _ Ornamentals. 83 from C. giganteum and C. eburneum, exhibited a few weeks ago by Sander Co., bearing six spikes of large, beauti- ful flowers, creamy white, with blotches of red-brown on the labellum. Caz¢leya leucoglossa (C. fausta x C. Loddigesit), PK, (C. labiata, var. < C. Jongheana), raised in the garden of Baron Schreeder, is also deserving of special mention. ‘‘ There are over forty new hybrid cypripediums among the . certificated plants of last year. The principal raisers of these were Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, F. Sander & Co., and Messrs. d Pitcher & Manda. There are among them some curious com- binations, such as Brysa (C. Sedeni < C. Botsserianum), Chrys- MES (CC. SS Ww self-fertilize the flowers and try what effect selection and culti- _ Yation would have on the size and colors of the flowers of the later generations, ‘‘Dendrobiums have yielded D. dulce (D. Linawinaum i aureum), D. Wardiano-Japonicum, D. striatum( D. Japonicum x Hybrid orchids. Hybrid orchids, 84 Annals of Horticulture. productions. Messrs. F. Sander & Co. have also been suc- cessful, having flowered during the year D. Rolfee (D. prim- ulinum X D. nobile), and Sir Trevor Lawrence has bred D. Burfordiense from D. Linawianum and D. aureum,; Messrs. Veitch also made this same cross, calling their plant D. dulce. ‘‘Lelio-Cattleya Marriottiana(L. flava X C. Skinneri), i (L. cinnabarina osst@), Aurora (L. Dayana X d- digest) and Latona (ZL. cinnaborina * L. purpurata) are other hybrids of promise, ae most of which we are indebted to Messrs. J. Veitch & Son ‘« Phalaenopsis Asuphiteite (P. Stuartiana X P. Sanderiana), raised by F. Sander & Co., is a handsome hybrid of sturdy | co Be and the same ma be said of the Veitchian Veitch 1s Only what we might have expetted to follow on their as it has given us already several beautiful hybrids. Sephro- teh ee Michie (Sophronitis grandiflora X Lelio- Cattleya elegans) so (Sophronitis X C. Loddigesii) are two beautiful hy- ede arewiens might do worse than make this same cross for the sake of the plants it yields, as we shall have to wait a long while before Messrs. Veitch will have a rite of sophro- cattleyas to dispose of at, say, a guinea apiece. Zygopetalum leucochilum (Z. Burkei x Z. Makayi), a sturdy plant remarka- ble for its large white labellum, is another Veitchian edness erit. Bt he plants. There were no very remarkable plants among the new introductions from the tropics last year. a- onema costatum (Veitch) is a dwarf ornamental-leaved plant, green, spotted and veined with white, the leaves ovate, about _ ave Fears ited native of Perak. AJlocasia Rex and A. nobilis mis, (Sande Co.) are promising additions to the many kinds of — ase & in cultivation. Begonia decora (Veitch) is a prettily _varigated little plant which is certain to become a favorite © with those who are interested i in the age roe leaved be- gonias. Dracena Sanderiana (Sander & Co. an elegant . plant i in the way of D. reflexa, with the leaves eaciiy lined © Ornamentals. 85 with white ona green ground. JAaranta Sanderiana and M. Mooreana (Sander & Co.) are distinct-looking additions to from those who have seen the few plants, whic are formed of three long lanceolate segments four inches long, colored exactly like the labellum of Onctdium Papilio. Nidu- larium striatum (W. Bull) and N. Makoyanum (Sander & Co.) are pretty foliage-plants, particularly the former, which has Strap-shaped, recurved, bright green leaves, conspicuously striped with creamy white. pies A nax Sanderianum (Sander & is a new species similar to Fatsia papyrifera, with tough, le oe yellowish eee. lobed leaves; it is a native of u “The eat (indeed, I believe, the only) new Palm is Ptycho- a angusta (Kew), which grows freely ina warm house, tralia. P. Pacificus (Veitch) is a distinct-looking plant, with toad, graceful, shining green leaves, the margins clothed. with fine teeth, and the apex narrowed abruptly to a long tail- like point. It is said to be a native of the South Sea Islands. ‘* Podocarpus ee a (Kew and Sander & Co.) is an ele- gant yew-like pla m New Caledonia, sapere for the Coating of white, ee geieets on the leaves, which have- in consequence a silvery appearance. The plant grows freely, and is easily multiplied by means of cuttings. Syaandrospadix vermitoxicus (Kew) is a tuberous-rooted ~~ from Tucuman, with large annual, heart-shaped green leav pet ascape a foot long, bearing an open ovate spathe six ge long by four Stove plants. Stove plants. plants, : tr a _ Greenhouse ov ‘ t 86 Annals of Horticulture. inches wide, colored gray green outside, tawny red inside. Thunbergia grandiflora var. alba differs from the type, which when well treated is one of the most ornamental of stove climb- ers, in having pure white instead of blue flowers. Urceocharis Cibrani is one of the most interesting plants of the year. It is to oe distributed by Messrs. Clibran & Son, of Altringham, Cheshire, in June next. It is a hybrid between Zucharis te (mother) and Urceolina pendula, and it has all r and much of the peri of the former, with flowers ieinevaradiute between the two parents. TZllandsia Massan- geana var. superba (Veitch) is a near ally of 7. sebrina. It as broad recurved leaves, colored apple-green, with trans- verse bands of aeen chocolate. 7. Alensii (Veitch) is some- what similar to the last, but the leaves are veined and mottled with bright green on a yellowish green ground. TZradescantia decora (W. Bull) is an ornamental foliage-plant, with elongated lanceolate leaves colored olive-green, with a broad median line of silvery gray. Several other new kinds of tradescantia will be mentioned Seem: the list of plants introduced by for men horticulturist ‘ Utricularia Humboldtii and U. longifolia are a ne the i k Guiana, and described by him in his charming Reminiscences. They were introduced into cultivation several years ago, b not flowered before last year. U. Humboldtii has broad reni- tana and colored pale lavender, are borne on graceful scapes. Li, fetes has strap-shaped leaves a foot long, and short ect s of mauve flo ordinary promise are tobe noted here. Taking the selection in alphabetical order, we have first the noble Agave /ran- zosini (Kew), which is of the size of 4. Americana, but the leaves are silvery. There isa description of it in the Kew + Ornamentals. 87 Bulletin, eae p- 3, by Mr. Baker, taken’ from a | pakoheae fl r. Hanbury’s garden at La Mortola, Ment Aloe aurantiaca is another of Mr. Hanbury’s treasures. Iti is intermediate between J. cé/iaris and A. seabifeord 7 a very free grower, forming a nubs mass which in spring and summer is covered with crowded racemes of kniphofia- like red and yellow flowers. ee Sanesin Galpini (Kew) is likely to rival Vallota purpurea in the size and color of its flowers. Richardia Pentlandii, which is the ‘Gest of the yellow-flowered callas, I oted several times recently. It is certain to become as great a favorite as the common arum lily. Several other so- s a charming little species, dwarf as the cowberry (Vaccinin Vitis- -Ldea), very free-flow lh and pretty in the orm and color of its flowers. It prove hardy in the Warmer parts of England. Senecio Galpini (Kew), from the Transvaal, is a kleinia, with glaucous leaves on _branched Greenhouse plants. Hardy p ants, 88 Annals of Horticulture. have the variegated variety of Adiantum mocrophyllum, which obtained a certificate this year. Pers tremula var. vartegata is a pleasing variation of one of the most useful of ferns, an P. Regina and P. cristata are sports from the ornate P. Vic-. toria-Regina, introduced by Mr. Bull several years ago. Woodwardia radicans var. pendula is not unworthy of a place among basket ferns for the conservatory. ‘“« Hardy plants. There are a few promising new herba- ceous plants and two or three trees and shrubs, but the list is, on the whole, meager. Allium Kansuense (Kew) 18 4 pretty species allied to 4. ceruleum, but dwarfer and with larger heads of nodding deep blue flowers. It has been 1n- troduced from China through St. Petersburg, and was one of the prettiest of the rockery plants in flower at Kew last July. Aquilegia Transylvanica (Kew) has large, purplish blue flowers — on branching stems two feet high. Asti/be Chinensis (Kew) resembles Hofeia (Astilbe) Japonica, but the flower-heads are looser and the flowers rose colored. Calochortus amenus, C. flavus and C. Kennedyi are three pretty additions to this genus, the last named being exceptionally brilliant in color: that is, bright scarlet, with black-purple basal spots. C/z0#- odoxa Lucilie var. Alleni, is a beautiful large-flowered variety, Iris parabid is a hybrid between /. /berica and 1. paradoxa, raised by Professor M. Foster, and /. Nepalensis var. Letha _ prilliant scarlet flowers on scapes two feet high, and XK. fav aioe Kew), also grassy-leaved, and remarkable for 1ts loo racemes of pale yellow flower Nemesia strumosa : (Sutton & Son) is a bright-colored Cape annual of extraordi- o Ornamentals. 89 nary attractiveness. Ranunculus Carpathicus, from Hungary, is a showy perennial a foot high, with palmate leaves and golden yellow flowers two inches in diameter. Zvchihatchewia isatidea is a badly named _beautiful-flowered perennial crucifer, and bears its racemes of bright rosy pink, fragrant flowers in May. It was introduced by Max Leichtlin, from Armenia. Thalictrum rhyncocarpum (Kew), from the Trans- vaal, is an elegant plant, three feet high, with maiden-hair- like foliage. Buddleia Colvillei is a beautiful Himalayan shrub, which has been brought into prominent notice by. Mr. Gum- flowe It is scarcely likely to be hardy, except in favored arts of Englan nus Kousa, Amygdalus (or Prunus Davidiana var. alba, and the white variety of aria St- Sons, and said to be quite hardy, are of sufficient interest to be included here. There is apparently a good opportunity Or a nurseryman who would interest himself in the introduc- hon of new trees and shrubs for the outdoor garden. ‘Continental plants. The plants of interest among those e troduced this year into English gardens, orchids predominate both in number and interest. A few of them, such as Cat- teya Alexandre and Epidendrum Godseffianum (Capartianum), are both foreign and English introductions. The majority of the following we owe to the enterprise of the Messrs. Linden, L’ Horticulture Internationale, Brussels: : “ Bulbophyllum anceps, Lindenia, t. 351, is an elegant little New hardy ants. — Continental plants. orchids go Annals of Horticulture. and £. agua ts (St. Petersburg Botanic Garden), which is in the way of £. amadile, with rather large flowers, colored red and pine: en a purple lip, are noteworthy additions to this large, varied genus. Lulopheilla Elisabethe, one of the most interesting ta distinct of gsoons plants, was introduced, by the Brussels firm, who do Need its habitat. It is dedicated to the queen of Rouman ‘Hybrid aston pts Six of aes have been raised on we continent, an o deserve mention here. C. Adbert num Was shown i in it by Monsieur Jules Hye at Ghent j tas November, and was awarded a gold medal. Its parents e-G. Spicerianum and C. insigne var. Waellacet, and itis, of course, very near C. Leeanum. The other hybrid is La France, raised me C. niveum and C. nitens. Coryanthes ma- crocorys is a Peruvian species, introduced by L’ Horticulture Internationale, Bausecle, and figured in Lindenia, t. 342. has large stanhopea-like flowers, creamy white, spotted and dotted with purple. If the several known species of this genus were less difficult to flower they would be much more in favor than they are at present. There are se orchids with flowers more remarka ble i in form than these. segments, including the lip. Peristeria Lindeni, Lindenta, t 328, is an attractive species in the way of P. pendula, with flowers globular inshape, one and a half inches in diameter, and colored pale green and ae oe mottled with a darker shade of the same color. The e borne on a short raceme, vanda-like plant, from New enone not unlike the old V. gt anise now called stauropsis, but with large-branched ra- ~cemes of iguana an inch in diameter and colored buff-yellow, dee “iden spot ‘* Stove and Hidioie plants. Most of the new plants which sei be classed under this heading are chiefly rena able for their ornamental leaves. A /ocasia Dussii (Damma Ornamentals. ae stemmed plant, with lanceolate leaves and terminal heads of yellow and purple flowers. Crinum Abyssinicum, C. Yemense a . C. yuccefolium are three white-flowered species, which $s have been introduced from Africa and are offered by Messrs. Dammann & Co. Cyrtosperma ferox (Linden), from Borneo, Is not unlike C. Johnstone’, which used to be called an alocasia, and is remarkable for its spiny leaf-stalks and sagittate blades. Dichorisandra angustifolia (Linden), from Ecuador, has prettily variegated foliage, and is not unlike D. vttata, but the leaves are more distinctly lined with white and are purple the first named, which has the leaf-stalks very prettily marked with transverse zigzag lines. He/iconia spectabilts (Linden) is Probably the same as H. metallica, a handsome foliage-plant for the stove, with long lanceolate leaves; dark green above, purplish beneath. ‘Impatiens Micholitsii is a new introduction from New Guinea and described as a dwarf branching plant with white and rose flowers. Ladisia smaragdina (Linden) is a Bornean Plant, with a short stem and numerous lance-shaped, obtuse leaves of a pleasing deep green color and panicles of small pink flowers.. It is very like an ardisia. Musa Martini is described by Monsieur André as a handsome species, which ay be grown in as low a temperature as MZ. Ensete. It has reddish leaf-stalks and veins and rose-colored flowers. It-was introduced into France from Teneriffe. There is a figure o tin the Revue de 7 Horticulture Belge, 1892, p. 107. Peperomia metallica (Linden) is a pretty addition to the variegated plants i this genus, its lanceolate leaves being dark green, striped _ With gray above and tinged with red beneath. It is Pe- Tuvian. Senecio sagittifolius is one of the most interesting tove green plants and house g2 Annals of Horticulture. plants. I discovered in Ecuador by Monsieur Ed. André, and introduced by him into France. He also figured and described it in the Revue Horticole 1892, 6, 17. leaves, and bearing at the top an enormous corymb of mat guerite-like flowers, which are white, with a yellow disk, and warm freely. e two Linden jan introductions from Peru. They have prettily marked foll- dark green, the latter dark green, with whitish stripes along the midrib. Smilax argyrea, from Bolivia (Linden), }§ rf : pretty little stove-climber, with prickly stems and smal a lanceolate leaves, green, attractively spotted with white. It 4 is an improvement on 5°. maculata. ee ‘* Hardy herbaceous plants. Gypsophila Raddiana. a his 15 __ a new species, which has been introduced from Persiain 2 of cut flowers. z . ho described as a half-hardy evergreen species from Arabia, Wit) — large lilac-blue flowers. /:ioloirion macranthum and J. meee a hoi SS a eames a eaer ‘et yi aa ba Sage ie Mine Ae a oe Se gr age Men, ae aaa are ne : Ornamentals. 93 It bears lax corymbs of white and yellow daisy-like flowers. Possibly it is not hardy. Primula calycantha, irom Yun-nan, is described by Herr Max Leichtlin as having smooth gray green leaves and numerous reddish blue flowers in umbels. ‘* Hardy trees and shrubs. Acer palmatum var Alkii is e : 2 New trees from the Caucasus, is remarkable for its red fruits. It is cul- sok viwate. another Zoschen plant, introduced from the Balkan moun- ns. i central Asia, which has been known in botanic gardens several years, but hitherto has not been happy in cultivation. It is a tall tree of graceful habit, with few and rather small leaflets, and is remarkable for its sickle-shaped samare. t was in- troduced to St. Petersburg, and describel by Dr. Regel. Prunus precox is an early-flowering seedling from /. Japonica (Sinensis), var. spherica, and is described and figured by atriére in the Revue Horticole, 1892, p. 488, figs. 142-3. Prunus Salseri is nearly related to P. Padus, and has pale ycllow fruits. It is said to come true from seed, and is a native of Carinthia and Syria. It is cultivated at Zoschen. Quercus Macedonica is described as ‘a magnificent oak of the Cerris group, bearing large edible acorns’. It is in the Kew collection. Q. Schochiana is said to be a hybrid between Q. Phellos and Q. palustris, It is grown at Zoschen. Robinia eo-Mexicana var. luxurians is described by Dr. Dieck as a beautiful tree taller than the type and with branched racemes, which were produced at Zoschen twice in the year, namely, in June, and again in August, on the youngest branches. Sse or a complete list of the new plants receiving certificates in England during See The Garden Annual for 1893 by W. Robinson, pp. 313-322. r. Pests of the year. § 3. Plant Diseases and Insects. Much of the loss of the fruit crops, agli of apples (see page 7), is thought to have been due to incursions vi fungi, which developed rapidly in the wet abe: of spring. some other crops. The potato blight—oi which there are two or more kinds*—was prevalent over a large part of the country (see page 35). A new potato pest is reported from Kern county, California. It is the larva of the moth known as the potato-tuber moth (Lita solanelia), an insect which has . been very destructive in New Zealand, Australia and Algeria. o have been at Los Angeles in 1888, although ie fact was of pein in the western countryt. In California it pe een proposed to introduce the mongoose to eae gopher : The root-knot of the peach is coming to be a Yeas evil in the the southern states and in Wiitoris, and in the latter ‘nit Oe serious injury, caused by a minute nematode worm, § which 1s common to many plants. In the northern states where frost unknown, but it attacks various plants in greenhouses. ~ #*Annals for 1891, +See Insect Lifes si b: @8. ger account of attempts with the pocket gopher, see Science, xix: = Annals or 189", 109. (94) SE ey ee gy a te Plant Diseases and Insects. 95 The only legislation of the year aimed directly at insect or pliant diseases is the following New York law for the suppres- sion of black knot: : ‘*Secrion 1. It shall be unlawful for any person know- ingly or willfully to keep any plum, cherry or other trees infected with the contagious disease or fungus known as the black knot; that every tree so infected is hereby declared to € a public nuisance, and no damages shall be awarded in any court in this state for entering upon premises and cutting or city, to appoint forthwith three competent freeholders, who Shall be fruit-growers, of said town or city as commissioners, those parts of every tree so infected, which in the judgment of the commissioner or commissioners should be removed Black knot law. Black knot law. 96 Annals of Horticulture. and destroyed, or if in the judgment of such commissioner or a er ete any tree so infected should be entirely removed and destroyed, then the trunks of such trees shall be thor- oughly girdled, and a written notice given to the owner, per- sonally or by leaving the same at his usual place of residence, or if the owner be a non-resident by cigs — notice with the person in charge of such trees. The notice shall contain a simple statement of the facts as use exist, with an order to effectually remove and destroy by fire the part or parts of every tree so marked and ee or every such tree entire which shall be so girdled, as the case may be, within ten days from the date of the notice baa required. Such notice and order to be signed by the three commissioners, or any two of them «¢§ 5. Whenever any person shall refuse or neglect to com- ply with the order mentioned in the last section, it shall said, employing all necessary aid for that purpose; the ex- penses for such removal and destruction to be acharge against the town or city; and for the purpose of such removal and destruction, the said commissioners, their agents and em- ployes, shall have the right and authority to enter upon any and destroy by fire every tree, or part of a tree, so found to be infected, and marked or girdled, as aforesaid, after 7 cation, and within the time hereinbefore prescribed, su person shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and punished ee a fine not exceeding twenty-five dollars or by imprisonment in ihe county jail not exceeding ten days, or both, in the discre- tion o or city in which sud offense shall be committed shall have ] rned over to the supervisor of said town, or other proper oficer, to be placed by him in the contingent fund of said sy or city. e€ commissioners shall be allowed for services re Ey PRE Ys: under this act two dollars each for each full day, and one Plant Diseases and Insects. 97 tion. The first legislation which aims to control the spraying of plants is the following law, passed by the Legislative As- sembly of Ontario, and assented to April 8, 1892: “An Act for the Further Protection of Bees. 1. No taktes in spraying or sprinkling fruit trees, during the period wit . which such t fine or a fine and costs being awarded, and of! se being upon conviction forthwith paid, the justice may shee a the offender to the common gaol, there to be imprisoned for any term not exceeding 30 days, unless the fine and costs are sooner paid. ‘3. This act shall not come into force until the first day of © January, 189 year, however, in reference to spraying, are discussed for this volume by E. G. Lodeman, of Cornell University : Lawtopro tect bees. acs * 98 Annals of Horticulture. were at first skeptical are now firm believers in the practice. The character of the discussions upon the subject is under- going a marked change. The question, ‘Does it pay to spray ?’’ is not asked so frequently as formerly, but it t has garding the best materials to apply, and the best time and Spraying. Manner of applying them. Intelligent fruit-growers have pa northern states, have been alive to the wants of the growers. The study of the life histories of injurious insects and fungi has been steadily carried on, res ee some cases results of the list.. Experimenters have turned their attention more partic- ularly to the best methods of spraying than to the discovery of new materials, as has heretofore been so extensively done. the a Station the leaf-spot of chrysanthemums and some diseases have also received attention. : The Bordeaux mixture is still the leading fungicide, scarcely a case being cited in which other materials have of anagienieich - *Bull, No. 3, Division Veg. Path. U.S. Dept. Agric. Published in 1892. against Plant Diseases and Insects. 99 The following are the new fungicides used: Copper Saccharate. SOpier SUIDURIG wos 8 a a a oz. mous Carbonate | 3. Cheap molieses 5. os ele ee Se He WE nn i es ee ee bx, gals. eg be ure This was prepared in the same as the arenes except that 2 ounces of glue were used in place of chs 3 lo of molasse Copper Ace ee BCOIAIG sy i ee ee = oz God ocala) te ye ae ee ee gals. he copper acetate was simply wet up as thin ante in the water 24 hours previous to dilution. Calcium Chloride Mixture, Copper Sulphate ee ak a \% oz. ate MONEE Sy ee ee eee Ye oz. Mlieuwi Ctr ee oe ee 5 gals The i terinee sulphate was dissolved in a quart of water, and the calcium chloride was treated in the same wa The two xr ungi- ides. solutions were then Fandeen together and enough water added . to make five gallon The fungicides were applied to a ast cies and the follow- ne are some of the results obtained :* ith the exception of the Bordeaux mixture, all the Iiibiciies used more or less injured both leaves and fruit. preparations, veheedihea are all worthy of further al =) € prevention of black rot, all the preparations gave 80od results, the average for the copper preparations being ee than that of the solutions containing none of this “Taking cost, ease of preparation and eg meme effect on foliage and fruit, and all other questions into considera- tion, the Bordeaux mixture, even though reduced to ties than one-sixth the usual strengtht, proved the most reliable remedy rot. nother experiment, somewhat similar to the preceding, vas made upon quince trees for the leaf spot. In this case, the a abel fungicides used were the acetate of copper of varying > sBult, No. 3, p. #Copper eighaa. 6 pounds, lime (unslaked) 4 pounds, water 22 gallons. Regular formula. Experi- fungi- cides. ments with new 2 New fungi- cides. 100 Annals of Horticulture. ra chloride of lime of varying strength, an the glue mixture. The following conclusions were reache five treatments gave a larger percentage af fair fruit than three when Bordeaux and copper acetate were used, but there was no advantage in the case of the other fungicides. ‘‘The three most effective fungicides used were Bordeaux mixture, copper acetate, and the glue, or Perret, mixture. Of the three, the Bordeaux mixture is to be preferred when all Shige are taken into consideration. he amount of spot was actually greater upon trees treated the concentration of the solution of the chloride of lime. Fairchild has suggested the use of cupric borate and cupric polysulphide as fungicides. These two substances have been tested by Beach,* with aoeehye results. The formulas used ar ge Borate. eal ag Nr el ar ee nt Po tad a hotax scree es ee eS eae eran te ae ee ae te eee a ce eer ae o gals. Soap, eetictent to make a Cupric Poly sulghide: Copper stiphate cro a Cie cee a) OR temas SUIPNIGS eres ee eee lbs. eon eat pk up aee Oa Meteo, LalPale Uarapmaee rag . 30 gals. hers sufficient to make a 1 suds, se mixtures were applied to the bean, but both injured the foliage to such an extent that their further use upon this plant is not advised. A modified fone of the Bordeaux mixture was also used in the same experiment. In its preparation there were used : OO ee ae . 2 Ibs. Lie OR ea a a 1% lbs. RE ee A ee ka , + 30 gals. Soap, sufficient to make a suds. This weak form of the Bordeaux gave the best results of any eunibicide tested for bean anthracnose. B as also bate mercuric chloride as a fungicide, ac- ; cording to the formula New Series N. Y. Agr. Exp. Sta. fib, Sta Agr. Exp. 326. Plant Diseases and Insects. IOI ‘* Dissolve two ounces of the chloride in two gallons of hot water ; let it stand several hours, or over night, then dilute to 15 gallons.” This was used against the potato scab, and gave promising results. Green* recommends the following formula, but apparently no practical test has yet been made of i Copper-Arsenic Solution. Copper cerbogaie 6). a ee 6 oz. Fereareen 2 + 402 AMMONIe a ee eae .2q autee Water Gk Ss be a ee re ee 50 gals _‘*The copper carbonate and Paris green may be mixed and dissolved in the ammonia (more or less ammonia will be re- quired, according to strength), after which add the lime water. By lime water is here meant clear lime water, made by dissolving as much lime in water as it will take up.” _ In Bulletin 48 of the Cornell University Experiment Station it is shown that Paris green has a decided value as a fungi- cide.¢ ‘When used alone it reduced the injury from scab upon the King apples 17.7 per cent., upon the Baldwins 7 per cent.” When used in combination with the Bordeaux mixture better results were obtained than when London pur- ple was so used. The fungicidal value of Paris green is, however, not nearly so marked as that of the Bordeaux mixture. _ The relative merits of Paris green and London purple as msecticides are also discussed in the same bulletin. They were compared only when used in combination with the Bor- deaux mixture The season’s work shows Paris green to be the more effective purple, suspended copper-carbonate and London purple. The b de is still *Bull. 48, Ohi [Page i eee tBull. 3, Division Veg. Path. U. S. Dept. Agric. 36. Early sprays. 102 Annals of Horticulture. the Bordeaux mixture and some form of arsenic. This com- bination has been thoroughly tested at two stations* the past year, the conclusions reached in each case being that the action of neither insecticide nor fungicide is weakened when the two are applied together. The active principle of the Bordeaux mixture has not yet been definitely determined. Bulletin 48 of the Cornell station contains an abstract of an article written by Livio Sostegnit upon the chemical composition of Bordeaux, and the best method of preparing the mixture. : It is stated that probably the most valuable portion of the Bordeaux is the basic sulphate of copper, as this substance hours being desirable. It was found that practically one third more lime is required when it is air-slaked than when 1t others... : The work which relates to the best methods of treating plant diseases strongly emphasizes the fact that applications should be made earlier than heretofore recommended. The before the buds start. This applies particularly to the apple scab fungus;§ fungous diseases of the grape;|| anthracnose *Bull. 17, Mass. Hatch Exp. Sta. Bull. 48, Cornell Exp. Sta. } Le Stazioni Speri li A ie Itali , August, 1890. {Bull. 48, Cornell Exp. Sta. _ 4Bull, 48, Cornell Exp. Sta. Bull. 3, Division Veg. Path. U. S. Dept. Agric. Bull. 48, Ohio | (Bull. 3, Division Veg. Path. U.S. Dept. Agric. Plant Diseases and Insects. 103 of blackcap raspberries;* and perhaps also to the black knot a Operations until the eggs hatched in the spring. If the pear trees are thoroughly sprayed with the kerosene emulsion as soon as the young insects appear, the latter may be easily destroyed. (See p. 115). Spraying machinery and appliances have received no note- worthy addition during the year. Various minor improve- ments have been made to the various pumps and nozzles or three years, in consequence of the good results which have followed the use of arsenical and other sprays. The agita- tions following institutes, college instruction and the teach- tack upon insects by means of the sprays. It is to be feare Places; but on the whole, the spraying machine marks a great epoch, May 17, Mass. Hatch Exp. Sta. tBull. 44, Cornell Exp. Sta. 179. Machines. Insect of injuries, 104 Annals of Horticulture. i i dies and The following report upon the entomological studies . results for 1892 is made to the Western New York io tural Society, by the State Entomologist of New York, Dr. J. Lintner : The year has been one of remarkable exemption cone injuries, as the result, beyond question, of meteorolog io) pa cherry tree aphis, Myzus cerasi, was not prevalent. a tae chard tent-caterpillar, Cvistocampa Americana, was tat * destructive in 1891, and a general cause of compliant | orchardists in Western New York. € pear tree periee. pe pyricola, which threatened to extend its destruction fe) ca trees in the Hudson River Valley to other portions of the s' a has not, during the past season, inflicted any apprecia harm. Various PEsts or THE YEAR.—A taok strations of the year, the following may deserve a few words notice at the present time: Plant Diseases and Insects. 105 The fall tent-worm, Hyphantria cunea, has been noticeably abundant in some parts of the state, and northward into anada. The green-striped maple-worm of Dryocampa rubicunda sel- dom appears in harmful numbers in New York or in the Eastern States, but in Monticello, N. Y., on the grounds of John D. Lyons, a number of soft-maple trees, which had been set out by him a few years ago, were completely defoliated by caterpillars during the past season. In several of the Western States, notably in Kansas, Missouri and Nebraska, the soft- maples planted as shade trees in cities are annually almost stripped of their foliage (see Bulletin No. 14, Vol. iii. 1890, of the Agricultural Experiment Station of Nebraska). The cabbage caterpillar of Plusia brassice, which in the Southern states is one of the principal pests with which cab- bage-growers have to contend, but which has never become € apple-worm of the codlin-moth, Carpocapsa pomonella, Was less injurious than usual. An extensive fruit-grower and ryman i nurse rom near Rochester wrote i ‘¢Codlin- ae S in our orchards were almost extinct, it being rather ifficult to find an apple showing codlin-mot ry. I can- achnos- nother Maple- worm, ps i caterpillar. Canker- worm, 106 Annals of Horticulture. The elm-leaf beetle, Ga/eruca xanthoma/ena, in its northward Elm or progress, has not yet been seen in Albany. It wa ste ted gooseberry as having been abundant in Dutchess county in Jun Injuries to gooseberries on the Experimental Farm at Geneva, from the operations of one of the larger flea-beetles, was ob- served during the month of August. Examples received from Dr. Collier showed them to be Systena frontalis—a species that had not previously been known to attack the foliage of the gooseberry. It will be noticed in my Annual Report tor Tog2. The Colorado potato beetle, Doryphora prighnig con- tinues with us—less abundantly in some years than 1 others, Sprinkling or spraying the vines with an arsenite is now quite generally practiced throughout the state, and should not be intermitted even in years of its comparative scarcity, for in cone seasons efforts to reduce its numbers are the more effec- Potato 2 beetle. Saeene in Albany and Chautauqua counties, although, pet haps, not greater than in other counties, where no mention of its injuries were made. In its northward ehcerge this insect has reached rte Edward Island, in the Gulf of St. Law- rence, N. ., 4614°, and kas inflicted serious damage the present yee The plum curculio, pasando nenuphar, was quite harm- ful to plums in Orange A small beetle, one oe the Cur velionide known as Otiorhyn- chus ovatus, which has been shown by Professor C. M. Wee ini insect. = unknown, rs to : __ Strawberry state, from the frequency with which it is reported as entering & dwelli ana Plant Diseases and Insects. — 107 had not heard of its having been reported from Monroe county. Later in the month, George T. Conover, a horticulturist at Geneva, wrote me that the insect was very destructive to the asparagus beds of John Charlton, florist and nurseryman, of Rochester. Mr. Charlton had used every means known to fulness that another insect pest which the people of an adjoin- ing state have been for the past two years, under liberal state aid, endeavoring to exterminate, has not ye : our borders. I refer to the gypsy-moth, Ocneria dispar, which Was accidentally introduced into Massachusetts about the year 1869 by a gentleman interested in the rearing of silkworms. When first brought to notice, in 1889, Asparagus beetle. Gypsy- moth. Gyps mot 108 Annals of Horticulture. 1890, of $25,000, for the accomplishment of the desired end, and the appointment by the Governor of three commissioners to conduct the work. Anadditional appropriation of an equ a was placed the State Board of Agriculture, y- and by them entrusted to a Gypsy-Moth committee of thre : carefully selected persons. The magnitude of the work be- coming apparent, another appropriation was made by the Legislature, in June, 1891, of $50,000, making the aggregate of appropriations thus far $100,000. It appears, from a special report on the subject recently made by the State Board of Agriculture, that its committee i z. e., in 1891, with energy, with judgment, and with ail the success that could have been expected. Some of the measures used by Jp F ime, t f Paris green has been used. Plant Diseases and Insects. 109 Trees: Number Mmspected oA ee ee eS 3,591,982 reainper infested! i521 ae a eee 213,828 Number cleared of egps 22.5.) s oi ee 212,432 BVORSIOL QTR YO Fe ee ks Ge ar eek 177,415 N er Cemented. 5) a se ee 19.296 Number bitlapped? 22S. Bi 68,720 Number: banded?) 603 3 Has ieee 12,000 Buildings: Number inspected ............ 87,536 u WHEGSTOR So A gg ea at 3,647 At the close of the year 1891, covered by the report referred to, the insect was known in 26 ns in Massachusetts, Over an area of 200 square miles. No instance of its occur- before the Massachusetts State Board of Agriculture, in De- cember last, | am able to make extracts therefrom relating to the operations of last year (1892) : The appropriation made by the Legislature to the State manner as in the preceding year, but after thoroughly testing “9 Principal means of control utilized in this country and in urope for this and similar insects, they proved to be inade- Gypsy- moth, 110 Annals of Horticulture. ‘insect lime,” known as ‘‘raupenleim” in Germany, was 1m ported from Europe and applied in a band on the bark around the tree. Its viscidity, lasting for two months, served an admirable purpose in catching and holding all insects and effectually preventing their ascent of the tree. anding with burlaps was not only successful in entrap- ping large numbers of the ocneria caterpillars, but also hosts of other injurious species, which could then be conveniently destroyed. h Gratifying success is reported from spraying infested brus and shrubbery on waste lands with kerosene from a cyclone nozzle, and then igniting it. The same method, it was thought, might be effective against the marches and invasions of the army-worm. It is claimed by the committee that it has succeeded the past year in staying the spread of the insect, and in re reducing its numbers. Fifty towns were thoroughly searche ; be prevented and the insect steadily reduced in numbers. From my present knowledge of the work of the committee, I must commend it heartily, and would further express tie desire that such appropriations shall continue to be made by the state as will enable the committee so to reduce the nd th s hope, attend this effort, it cannot fail of furnishing a precedent for calling for state aid, and possibly upon the national Se ernment, from time to time, for prevention of the spread 0 Plant Diseases and Insects. III have resulted from the bringing hither of the Hessian-fly ! A Destructive Shade- Tree Pest.—A destructive borer of some of our most highly-prized shade-trees, as the elm and maple, has within the last five years been brought to notice in north- ern New Jersey, and in New York city and its immediate Vicinity. It is the larva of a rather large bombycid moth, bearing the name of Zeuzera pyrina, closely allied in its habits and character to our long-known borer of the locust, oak and willow—Cossus robinie. In Europe it has long been known as Zeusera esculi—the specific name referring to the horse-chest- hut, on which it was probably first observed, although, accord- ing to Kollar, ‘‘choosing that tree for its abode less fre- quently, in the neighborhood of Vienna, than any of the other trees that serve it for food, living chiefly on elm, walnut, pear and apple trees.” The first example of it, so far as known, taken in this coun- tty (it is another of our introduced European pests), was found ima spider’s web at Hoboken, N. J., in June, 1881 (Pajilio, ll. 1882, p. 34 Several examples of it were capture b os at electric lights in the summer of 1887, at Newark, trees and shrubs had been attacked by it, and eve Wistaria, had not escaped its polyphagous habit; thus far, Shade-tree pest. Shade-tree Insects. 112 : Annals of Horticulture. evergreens and other ae odorous trees, as sassafras and ailanthus, seemed to be e empt from its ravages. men broken off as the result of their burrowings. After every high wind, wagon-loads of branches were gathered from the ground and burned. It was being combatt ed by every Pill abundant evidence of its presence. It had also spread, according to Mr. Pike (/oc. cit.) to Astoria, New Rochelle, Jamaica, New Lots and Flatbush, on Long Island. e around the tree as to cause it to break with the wind and fall to the ground. In the elms, different species of which 1 limbs\and branches, which are so weakened by the burrows (of often a half inch or more in breadth) that they fall from their own weight, or even with a moderate wind, the bree thus ae ranging from a half-inch in diameter to mo than five inches. 4 Alpena many of the larger elmsin Central Park have hat their symmetry and Sina beauty greatly impaired throug! zeuzera attack. Wea e not told that any have been x h m than those that are employed at present at Central Park, unless adie means may be devised for destroying the eggs of the moth before the hatching of the larve and their entrance into the tree An Elm-Tree Bark-Borer.—The preceding attack is as yet quite local in our state, yet destined, we fear, not long to continue so. diene the entire state, and beyon nd its Plant Diseases and Insects. 113 y run—to be found by removing portions of the bark which will readily scale off from the deserted older Substance, as lime and cow-dung, should be applied to prevent the Splitting of the sap-wood from exposure to the sun, drying winds or extreme weather. That the barking of elms to even a greater extent than the above may safely be resorted to appears from experiment Made in France by M. Robert, detailed in the Gardeners’ Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette for April 29, 1848, and quoted by Dr. Packard in his recent report on ‘Insects In- _Jurious to Forest and Shade Trees,” as follows: Elm-tree bark borer. Elm-tree bark borer. II4 Annals of Horticulture. ‘‘The whole of the outer bark was removed from the ee (This may be done conveniently by a scraping-knife shape lke a spoke-shave. ) is operation caused a great flow 0 sap in the inner lining of the bark (the liber), and the grubs of the scolytus beetle were found in almost all cases to perish missioners at two different periods, to be in more vigorous health than the neighboring ones, of which the bark was untouched. More than two thousand elms were thus treated.” ‘ M. Robert had also obtained good results from cutting strips about two inches wide out of the bark of old elms, from the boughs down to the ground. <‘It was found that where re) tree. The zeuzera is robbing it of its beautifully branching marked tussock moth (Orgyia /eucost leaves, and arresting terminal growth by amputating the en running its mines through sap-wood and liber so closely and tortuously that the death of the tree is the inevitable result. It is to be sincerely hoped that should the suggestions abe made for staying the ravages of the last named insect 1° a stroyers—the zeuzera borer and the elm-leaf beetle —may b@ stayed, and the most beautiful and serviceable of our shade- trees be spared to us and to coming generations. Plant Diseases and Insects. 115 EXPERIMENT Station Pusiications.—The work of the ex- periment stations during the past year has developed results which are of considerable value to the members of this society. I will briefly refer to a few, citing the bulletins where they are more fully detailed, in order that those who so desire may make application for them to the several stations and procure copies before the editions shall be exhausted. he Pear Tree Psylla.—Mention has been made of the re- . markable cessation during the past year of the ravages of the pear tree psylla in the Hudson river valley. This insect is not confined to the eastern part of the state of New York an Portions of the eastern states adjoining, but it also occurs in central and western New York, as yet not in great abun- Sg ; but pear orchards are at any time liable to an outbreak Of it A careful study of the insect has been made at Cornell Uni- versity b . V. Slingerland, and its results published in an emulsion sprayed upon the insect while in its larval stage, before acquiring wings. A single spraying with the standard emulsion, reduced with 2 5 parts of water (less than 3 per cent. of kerosene) killed, as estimated, from 75 to 9o per cent. of the larve. panded, proved to be the best time for spraying. In the tnsects Injurious to the Blackberry.—In Special Bulletin N of the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, November destructive blackberry insects, with suggestions regarding the remedies to be used against them. : "sects Injurious to Young Fruit-Trees.—The entomologist of the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station, in Bulletin No. 18, for March, 1892, has given popular accounts, with Pear psylla Blackberry insects. Gra vine sf leaf-hopper, LW ins low. berry 11: ects, 116 ' Annals of Horticulture. suggestions as to remedies, for a large number of the insect to attempt todestroy them inthismanner. Vineyards sprayed only once the past season with the emulsion, as above di- 5, March, 1892, New Mexico Agr. Exp. Station. It is strange, when this insect can be so easily destroyed, that there should annually appear in the Vineyardist and other papers so manycomplaints of severe injuries sustained from it. in water are recommended for use against it. A New Strawberry Slug.—Professor Herbert Osborn, of the Plant Diseases and Insects. ti7 40 grains of arsenic. Estimating that the fruit—about six quarts—had received one-tenth of the spray distributed, or of grains of arsenic as a dangerous dose, it appears from these data that upwards of twelve quarts of the ripe fruit would ave to be eaten to give a fatal dose of the arsenic.—ABudletin vised for the purpose. It seems to be the most successful method yet discovered for protection against this most annoy- ing pest of truck-farmers and gardeners, which often destroys . €ntire crops of early cabbages and cauliflowers. For etails ee Soapsuds for the Cabbage Aphis.—Kerosene emulsion has been recommended for killing the plant-lice that often congre- Sate in immense numbers on the leaves of cabbage, but if the emulsion is used of the proper strength to kill the insect, it also imparts a permanent flavor of kerosene to the plant. In Cabbage m Aphis. Rose pests. Tent-cat- erpillars. 118 Annals of Horticulture. trials made at the South Dakota Station of various insecti- the red-spider exceedingly numerous on the leaves, were of kerosene emulsion, with this result: Two days thereafter, of the season. : INSECTICIDES AND Sprayinc.—A few notes on what is being done in — for insect i pert a on some new insecticides, may not be of place at this t Bissau: oh Dee Hanhige on Tent. Caterpillars. —Pro- — Fernald reports that with one pound of Paris green to 000 gallons of water, all the caterpillars placed on the leaves die d within twelve days. One pound to 150 gallons of watet burned the foliage and injured the tree considerably. The best proportion for use on appa trees appeared to be one pound of Paris green to 200, 250 or 300 gallons of water ; even the last-named stre Pee killed all the caterpillars within two se With a dilution of 400 gallons, all were dead in three day Pari s Green on the Gypsy-Moth Caterpillars. —That Paris green has failed to give entire success in killing the ocneria caterpillars is the statement made in the report of the Gypsy- Moth Committee. The mixture used by them would seem to een be an excellent one, viz.: One pound to 150 gallons of water and two quarts of glucose. The glucose sang the poison on * the leaves during hard showers, and proved to be a useful addition, and preferable to any other sabetancs tried for pro- longing the effects of the arsenite. Yet this, they state, while destroying the young caterpillars, failed to kill those that Plant Diseases and Insects. . 119g were nearly mature. A grove of trees that was twice sprayed with a strength of one pound to 100 galions of water was aiter- wards entirely stripped of its leaves. Although many of the caterpillars were killed, there were afterwards gathered from under the same trees over 1,100 living pupe of ocneria. The Paris green used was several times analyzed, and found to be fully equal to any in the market. It is difficult to believe that foliage sprayed with a strong mixture of Paris green will not kill all caterpillars that feed freely upon it, and the statement above made needs confirma- tion. It is not impossible that the nearly mature caterpillars which were not killed may have fully matured and ceased feeding preparatory to their pupation, or the observations may have been made during the two or three days of cessation from food that may precede the last of the larval moltings. class and 38 culls, while the tray filled from the sprayed tree contained 84 first class, g second class and seven culls. (Lnsect Life, iv. 1892, p. 288.) . G. Lod n reports, in the Cornell Bulletin 48, signal — in spraying for codlin-moth in the very wet season of 1892. is thought that two ounces of the green to 50 gallons of water ing the Codlin y moth. Curculio, Spraying for cur- culio. 120 Annals of Horticulture. From an address made by W. J. Green, before the Ohio State Horticultural Society at its last meeting and reported in the Country Gentleman of January 12, 1893, it appears that while the effectrveness of arsenical spraying for the curculio 1s conceded, it cannot be done with sufficient frequency during the long period of the curculio’s presence—from May to pounds ; sulphate of copper, 4 pounds ; Paris green, 4 ounces; water, 50 gallons. This mixture was found satisfactory for European plums, but damaged the American varieties. With the Paris green reduced to two ounces, very little harm re- sulted, but it was questioned if this proportion of the arsenite would prove effective against the curculio. : New Contact Insecticide.—The Gypsy-Moth Committee in Massachusetts has found by experiment that the soap- sprayed upon the congregated caterpillars until they were well soaked with the liquid. It was thought that the ‘‘Gold Dust about the trunks of trees or smaller objects.’’ (Forbush. ) Creosote Oil as an Insecticide. —For killing the eggs of the gypsy-moth, the committee found that creosote oil, applied to the clusters by means of a brush so as to saturate them, penetrated and killed the eggs at once. The oil is made by the Carolina Oil and Creosote Com any, at Wilmington, yeelee Carolina, and is sold at fifteen cents a gallon by the arrel. Experiments should be made to test the efficacy of this oil : on the apple-bark and other scale insects, and on the eggs of such insects as have failed to be killed by applications of ker- of the pear-tree psylla, the squash-vine borer ee osene, as those (Meliitea curcubite), and the squash-bug (Axasa tristis). ° Plant Diseases and Insects. I2I A Cheap Insecticide.—The assistant chemist, B. W. Kilgore, of the North Carolina Experiment St orb ie proposed the mixtur arsenic picaait and § is in direct proportion to its amount. Arsenites with Bordeaux Mixture.—Mr. Kilgore also reports: ‘«Practical tests of the effect upon foliage of combinations of Paris green and London purple, each with Bordeaux ee were made. These combinations contained one pound Paris green and one pound of London purple separately in 150 gallons of Bordeaux mixture, and applied to fig, grape, mulberry, blackberry, peach, pear, and apple leaves. Each mixture was tested for soluble arsenic, but none was found in O theo combinations to be perfectly harmless to foliage and that they may be used with freedom. These results are accompanied with elaborate tables, on Which they are based. The use of lime for neutralizing the iments were made in July, Lia but their publication was delayed until a year thereafte See Technical Bulletin No. 2, of the North Carolina Ayricatvural Experiment Station, Raleigh, July ns nee E.G. of the Cornell (N. Y.) Station Bulletin Lodem 48), has found ame results to follow the combination of — Paris green and Bordeaux mixture for spraying apple = to combat codlin-moth ay wh kee -scab. His conclusions upon this point are as follow Arsenites and Bor- deaux f mixture, Literature m1 spray- a ing. 122 ‘ Annals of Horticulture. ‘‘Paris green has a certain fungicidal value, but in this respect it does not nearly equal the Bordeaux mixture. ‘The value of Paris green as an insecticide does not appear to be materially affected whether it is applied alone or in combination with the Bordeaux mixture. ‘‘The insecticidal value of Paris green when used with the Bordeaux mixture was greater than that of London purple when similarly applied.” Farmers’ Bulletin on Spraying.—A serviceable bulletin for been prepared, and copies may probably be obtained by addressing the Department of Agriculture at Washington. Bulletins on Spraying and Insecticides. —Several bulletins upon these subjects have been published during the year 1892, an the preceding one, which would be found of service to fruit- rowers, florists, nurserymen and others. Among them are the following : Information on Spraying Fruits. Pennsylvania State Col- lege Agr. Exp. Station, Bulletin No. 19, April, 1892. Insecticides and Fungicides. Michigan, Agr. Exp. Sta. Agricultural College, Bulletin No. 83, April, 1892. The Spraying of Orchards. Ohio Agr. Exp. Sta., Woos- ter, vol. iv. No. 9, December, 1891. Experiments with Fungicides and Insecticides. Hatch Exp. Sta. Amherst, Mass. Bulletin No. 17, April, 1892. rr plates. : Injurious Insects and Insecticides , Spraying Machinery. Delaware College Agr. Exp. Sta. Newark., Bulletin No. 12, March, 1891. Plant Diseases and Insects. 123 Kerosene Emulsion. Michigan Agr. Exp. Sta. Bulletin No. 76, October, 1891. Spraying for Insect and Fungous Pests of the Orchard and Vineyard. New Jersey Agricultural College Exp. Sta. New Brunswick, Bulletin No. 86, April 4, 1892. Spraying Apple Orchards in a Wet Season. Cornell Uni- versity Exp. Sta. Bulletin No. 48, December, 1892. Bounties for Insect Pests.—Garden and Forest, for December 21, 1892, records an interesting ‘‘campaign against the tent- caterpillar.” The apple-tree tent-caterpillar has for several years past been an almost unendurable nuisance in various parts of Massachusetts, particularly in the vicinity of Boston. Entire trees and shrubs are completely stripped of their leaves, converting the fresh spring foliage into a painful and depressing scene, and robbing walks and drives of their nat- ural rural beauty. In order to arrest or mitigate, if possible, this evil, the Newton Horticultural Society and the Newton provement Association prepared and widely distributed a Circular illustrating the insect in its several stages, giving a full description of its eggs, and offering prizes for the collec- on. I would heartily recommend this method for localities in New York where the tent-caterpillar has become unusually white-marked tussock-moth, Orgyia J/eucostigma, frequently Insect bounties. 124 Annals of Horticulture. ca sum per thousand, or by weight or measure, for the egg de- posits of the moth on its cocoon—so conspicuous in their snowy whiteness on the trunks and lower branches of, trees, and beneath window-sills and copings, during the months of August and September, or before they have become dingy from weathering. Soy Sirus Sleeeateree. Sena tie Seo eae Nomen ee tee es ee ae $ 4. National Educational and Legal Interests. growing in popularity for some years, and the agitation of the year, particularly in New York, will undoubtedly soon install the following circular to the growers, shippers and receivers of berries throughout the United States : ‘*This Association has made a thorough canvass of the retail grocers of New York city, Brooklyn and surrounding towns, and finds that, to a man, they are in favor of non-re- turnable crates and berry boxes. Not only are the grocers of these cities of one mind on this matter, but the following ex- tracts from communications from the Retail Grocers’ Associa- tions of Philadelphia and Boston show that the grocers of these two great cities are also co-operating with us in this matter. ‘‘As a matter of health, every argument proves that none but clean packages should be used for berries ; and, as a mat- ter of profit, a careful investigation has conclusively shown that the return freights and cartages, and the replacing of packages, broken or otherwise unfit for use, more than equal the cost of packages which can be used as non-returnable. ‘‘But there is no dispute, so far as we know, as to the value (125) Discussions of the year. Gift pack- ages. 126 Annals of Horticulture. and necessity of using such packages. All parties agree except as to the matter of expediency; and, as these condi- years, the retail grocers, who distribute the largest part o the goods in question, have concluded that the time for action has come, and have accordingly decided that on and after . March 15, 1892, they will refuse to buy any berries, the price of which does not include the non-returnable pa ackage. ‘¢ We notify you thus early of our action in order that you may not be taken unawares, and we trust that you will cor- dially co- operate with us, so that when the time arrives to put our resolution in practice, there will be no ill feeling aroused, and that our differences may be settled amica This action met serious opposition from the Fruit and Pro- duce Trade Association of New York, which thought that the A bill passed the New Jersey Assembly early in the year providing that a peach basket shall be 12% inches [broad ?] at the top and shall hold just half a bushel. Every basket must be stamped ‘‘ Standard, he recent striking investigations upon the natural pollina- tion of fruits in orchards are summed up as follows by Fred W. Card:* ‘‘The investigations made by M. B. Waite, of the United States Department of Agriculture, the results of which were oy under favorable conditions in every way, failed to yield satisfactory crops of fruit; and these studies suggest what may prove a solution in many cases. The point which Mr. Waite tried to determine was the efficiency of the pollen of fruit-trees on the pistils of the same variety, and his ex- periments covered trials on the stigma of the same flower, on another flower of the same cluster, on one of a different cluster on the same tree, and on those of different trees. The study of the effect on the ovule of the same flower, and * Garden and Forest, vi. 153. National Educational and Legal Interests. 127 on those of the same cluster, was made, both by simply cov- ering the cluster with paper-bags and by hand-pollinations. proper time. e results are of especial value, because the number of experiments was very large. The first were made in a large orchard in Virginia, and as the season advanced the work was continued in the orchards of Messrs. Ellwanger of Manipulation instead of the inefficiency of pollen, many crosses were made, subject to the same conditions as the in- dividual pollinations, and summaries of the figures were given, to verify the conclusions drawn. Observations showed that pears which did develop fruit by being impregnated with pollen of the same variety were generally different in shape from those which were cross-fertilized, being less dilated toward the blossom end, where the seeds are borne. is _‘* The varieties of pears which the experiments thus far in- dicate to be self-sterile are Bartlett, Anjou, Clapp Favorite, Clairgeau, Sheldon, Lawrence, Mount Vernon, Gansel Berga- motte, Superfin, Pound, Howell, Boussock, Louise Bonne de Jersey, Souvenir du Congress, Columbia, Winter Nélis, Osc, Jones Seedling, Easter and Gray Doyenné. Those which appear to be self-fertile are White Doyenné, Le Conte, Kieffer, Duchess, Seckel, Buffum, Manning Elizabeth, Flemish Beauty and Tyson. : ‘Among apples the following were found to be self-sterile: Talman Sweet, Spitzenburgh, Northern Spy, Chenango Straw- berry, Bellflower, King, Astrachan, Gravenstein, Rambo, PP Roxbury Russet, Norton Melon and Primate ; while Codlin (partially), Baldwin and Greening are self-fertile. ‘“‘The inefficiency of pollen in fertilizing flowers on the Pollination of orchards Self-sterile applesand ars. 128 Annals of Hi sales 2s same 2 is well known among vegetables, a fact which pre- sents one of the chief difficulties in breeding new varieties. This is "well illustrated by experiments with cucurbits at Cornell previa In the season of 1889 there was found among the many crosses being grown one squash which ap- peared to possess qualities which would render it valuable for _ cultivation. The seeds of this were planted the following “ate y plants same cules grew for a brief time, withered and died. Other forms appeared a the field which seemed desirable, but only one plant of a type, so that crossing could not be resorted to, and to plant all the seeds, with the expectation of tion. Individual pollination was the only way, and this proved the same in every case; of the 185 flowers thus treated that year, not one produced fertile seeds, although twenty-two carried fruits through to maturity. It was a tantalizing effort to watch forms more attractive than any in amon appar- ently within the grasp, and yet so far from ‘« Hitherto this similar condition of ie rs has not been suspected in fruit-planting, especially the fact that pole from one tree may be unable to fertilize the blossom of other trees of the same variety. The first thought is to account for which they are propagated. To — for the opposite be- er th s two which have been subjected to eae . different soacitae both in the present and past generations. _ “The history of the Virginia pear-orchard which led to. National Educational and Legal Interests. 129 these investigations i€ an interesting one. Many years ago the owner ordered a few trees of different varieties from a noted forits productiveness. ‘‘It has been well known that certain varieties of raspber- ries and grapes have proved unproductive unless planted near other sorts, but this has been attributed to a deficiency in the amount of pollen produced. Closer observations may show that in some cases it is due rather to a lack of potency than to a lack of quantity. ‘‘In the transactions of the Illinois Horticultural Society regularly ‘It is very evident that the practical lesson of these exper- iments is an emphatic warning against planting orchards in large blocks of a single variety, or planting isolated speci- mens for family use. It may succeed, but the chances of failure are far too great.”’ #ducation in horticultural directions grows slowly but ap- Parently surely. The most gratifying feature of the move- e > chief in appreciation of plants and gardens. The Royal Horticultural Society, through the County councils, has instituted a series of lectures upon horti- cultural topics in various parts of England. Inthe autumn - * Annals for 1891, 147. Sterile orchards, Education, Horticul- tural in- truction, 130 Annals of Horticulture. series of lectures upon ‘the scientific and practical aspects” of horticulture was inaugurated at Edinburgh by the council of the Scottish Horticultural Association. This is the first attempt of the kind in Scotland. Bursaries—or cash Chemistry of Plants and Soils ;” ‘*The Structure and Physi- ology of Cultivated Plants ;” ‘Hybridization, Selection and Improvement of Plants;” ‘‘ Har Fruits ;’’ ‘‘Apples;” ‘‘ Apricots and Cherries;” ‘Peaches and Nectarines re ««Plums ;” ‘‘Strawberries ;” ‘‘ Pears ;’ ‘‘Gooseberries, Cur- rants and Raspberries.” The lectures were all given in the evening. 8 “The future of horticulture,” British Gardening de- > practised fifty, or even twenty years ago. The light of hort cultural science, like a ‘search light,’ is spreading far and wide, and under its rejuvenating influence old-fogyism must die. Had England only awoke up to her duties, so far as e stead of importing the quantities of fruit which we annually do, might have been exporting large quantities of better *Kew Bulletin No. 62, p. 41 (Feb. 1892). National Educational and Legal Interests. 131 grown produce than any which reaches our shores from other countries. English fruit, well grown, will always com- mand its price, and no forei eign produce can compete — it. We have a proof of this in the high price which English grapes are at the — time SRR in the American a we urge is that with proper attention, better fruit could be grown at home than any which we import, and that this fruit commands a better price abroad than at home: then why not export more of it, and in return for all the money we put into the foreigner’s pocket gather back some of his into our own? his we shall do in the future, and, thanks to the progressive tendency of the age, the ‘day of brighter things’ has dawned. The lecturers employed by the county councils and the abscisic colleges are doing much towards dis- persing the glo which has for so long enshrouded horti- culture. ith the instruction imparted by these agents progress will be made. It is highly essential that every rem nerative prices will then be commanded. his is the most pleasing phase of the future, and it is the standard which we first professorship of ‘ia gardening in existence, at the Ecole Nationale d’Horticulture at Versailles, and to which Edward André has been called. Belgium, Germany and year 72 candidates for diseases, of whom 64 entered. is the greatest number ever admitted at once. Paenetie “departments”? of France are represented, showing that the *For a good sketch of ee eee ; tn , see Expt Sta. Record, iii, 440 (Feb. 1892). ne Need of education in England, Education in France. Education in France Instruction in Germai G ny 132 Annals of Horticulture. students came from all parts of the republic. The above shows that technical scientific studies are being more and more appreciated, and that the taste for horticultural pursuits is steadily advancing. A Course in Arboriculture is given by Mr. Chasgicos’ professor of athsdealewe of the ‘* Ville de Paris,’’ upon t theory and practice of growing trees and their use in fies tion. It consists of ro lectures and = hours devoted to prac- tical work. The course is as follov Lectures. Elements of peitotable physiology, geology, chemistry and physics, general principles of culture, ma- nures, watering, nurseries, greenhouses and omen Pp ‘ (alignment), studies of the best ‘‘methods;’” ornamental pies Dal parks, gardens and squares ; choice in the group- ing of Puateeal Lessons. The starting and maintenance of plantations, care in cultivation, pruning, studies of the plant- ings in public places of the ted ae neighboring parks. The final examination at t yal Horticultural School at Wildpark, Germany, was as y follows. the first five being written, the last set oral: 1. Dendrology. Fam. Oleaster.—(a) Enumeration of the species and varieties, with methods of propagation; (b) use a proposed drive is given. Tell the estimated cost of the various hpesntions, raising and lowering grade, general slope, material used, gra 3. On The most avilable manures. —(a) Compo- sition regarding plant foods; (b) treatment of stable manure; (c) use of artificial manures in the fruit garden. 4. Physics. The barometer, and its value as a weather prophet . Mathematics, three problems, two given. By what sum must a capital of 325 marks, drawing compound interest at 3% per cent., be increased eac ar so that at the end of 12 years it shall amount to 1,500 marks? What must be the dimensions of a basin which shall contain 100 bbls. of water, the upper diameter being to the depth as 10 to 1? National Educational and Legal Interests. 133 6. Botany. Conifers, their structure, propagation, distribu- tion, having particular reference to Adzes. 1. Plant culture. Name the spring flowering plants, out- of-doors and under glass. 2. Theory of landscape ee general course of walks, and appropriate plants for them any. Plant physiolog y, systematic botany, with par- ticular reference to the fertilization of flowers, and germina- tion. 4. Agricultural chemistry. Origin and ra sa of soils. 5. Practical horticulture. Strawberry c Sapebs graduate as finished skilled pene In America, the chief item of interest is the successful ex- tension of short or winter courses of ner and laboratory practice to several colleges and universitie A botanic garden for the preservation of California red- patti has been established during the Esse by the donation in tru of 640 acres of red-wood timber land in Sonoma county oi Col. J. B. Armstrong, of Sa aa hs The tract is on the of preservation. The trustees on ee garden are Miss Kate Armstrong, daughter of the donor; E. J. “pees Charles H. Shinn, Luther Burbank and jie Beer U. Johnso fore indicated.* Considerable progress has been made in the eres of reports on various lines of fruit culture. The report on nut culture in the United States, the publication of which has been delayed by the preparation of illustrations, . is now expected will be issued early in 1893. e report small fruit culture will soon follow. Work on the report on apple culture, which will be based on returns made by os during two seasons of observation, will next be taken up, t preparation of the imports! list of varieties being uae well under way. It is possible that the preliminary list of varieties will be ed before the complete report is ready for publication, as fruit growers and SS sae the f an authoritative nomenclature and synonymy in view of the preparation for the fruit exhibits at the Ce. * Annals for 1889, 72; Annals for 1891, 135- Instruction in Ger- many. este botan ‘ curdéa: Division of a Pomology. Division of Pomology. 1 134 / Annals of Horticulture. tempt is now being made to secure other varieties of grapes said to be successfully grown in the colder portions of Persia, and described by travelers as of superior quality for table use and raisin making. An attempt to secure a supply of fresh seed of the kola nut (Sterculia acuminata) from Grenada, West ndies, was unsuccessful owing to unreliable transportation facilities. The uncertainty and irresponsibility of the prevail- ing means of transportation in tropical regions makes the im- and potted for shipment, with careful directions for the water- ing and care of the same while in transit. This method o years, but it is found to be safer and surer to accomplish the desired result. thus often seriously checked by ignorance of the names ot varieties that succeed, as well as of those that fail. It is nof National Educational and Legal Interests. 135 always possible to determine varieties positively by the fruit alone, and an increased appropriation for the necessary ex- fruits received during the year are included in the published report of the Pomologist for 1892. Citrous Fruit Inguiry. A sub-tropical laboratory has been established in Florida for the investigation of citrous fruits _ *U.S. Census Rulletin No. 161, ' Citrous laboratory. Citrous laboratory. 136 Annals of Horticulture. question. Where such conditions exist there is, of course, a rich field for scientific research, as it only in the light of facts accumulated by careful painstaking and critical work that the heterogeneous mass of information can be reduced to anything like order. fruits, but it is not proposed by any means to limit the in- vestigations to this field. As the very foundation upon which all subsequent work will rest, a thorough study of the normal The most troublesome di are, in all probabil- ity, due to causes which the foregoing studies alone can re- veal. Diseases due to parasitic organisms are among the ical and other studies will throw light upon questions of the highest importance in a practical sense. Every intelligent fie : 8 t what causes the longevity of the tree; what determines the superior quality of the fruit on certain trees, and what causes” National Educational and Legal Interests. 137 the fruit, when grown on certain kinds of land, to rot early. Such soe can be answered only after long and pains- taking studie Besides the foregoing, it is proposed, in time, to take up such studies as will throw light upon the effect of stock on cion ; the best stocks for the various lands, the seperate of different es of cultivation, pruning, irrigating, plant ing, fertilizing and shipping. The improvement of varieties is d. ric The work at present is in art ing] and ebber, two special agents o ision These men are already on the ground, and are being ably assisted by e growers all over the state and dis The bill was clumsi a one and could cas. hace ei execntail had it become a law, but the is nevertheless worthy of insertion here as the first attempt oc aeag national control of insects and diseases attacking pia infested with scale insects or codlin rnibtink or peri rs or se their eggs, or larve, or infected with any diseases injurious to trees, plants and vines, and th importa tine into the United States, fro om any foreign country, oO A bill in Appin be interstate transportation of trees, plants, vines, other sery stock i @ ° tions tisrect: and defining the duties ae certain departments of the United States with relation there Be it enacted by the Senate and House of eile of the sles States of America in Con nchege assembled, That every pe t, or otherwise, shall ship or it for shipment or any sn ship, steamship, express, wagon, or other mode of transportation, con- Citrous laboratory, Nursery- stock bil, Billto regu- late nur- sery-stock 138 Annals of Horticulture. signed to any point in the United States beyond the bound- aries of the State, Territory, or district in which such ship- ment is offered for transportation, any trees, plants, vines, Or other nursery stock infested with scale insects, or codlin moths, or other pests, or with their eggs or larve, or infected ceives for shipment or transportation, or has in its possession initscars, stations, depots, warehouses, or other place of storage awaiting transportation as freight or otherwise, when consigned to any point in the United States outside of the boundaries of the State, Territory, or district where the same may be offered, any trees, plants, vines, or other nursery stock infested with scale insects and codlin moths or other pests, or with their eggs or larve, or infected with any diseases injurious to trees, plants, or vines, shall, for every violation of this section, be liable for and forfeit to the United States a penalty of one - thousand dollars. This penalty shall be recovered by civil action in the name of the United States in the circuit court of prosecute all such violations which shall come to their notice or knowledge. Sec. 3. That every conductor, master, captain, or agent of any railroad, ship, steamship, express, wagon, or other method of transportation, who receives for shipment or trans- portation, as freight or othewise, as such conductor, master, captain, or agent, or has in his possession as such, in any Car; wagon, or vessel, or at any station, or depot, or warehouse, OF other place of storage, awaiting transportation, when con- signed to any point in the United States outside of the bound- aries of the State or Territory or district where same may National Educational and Legal Interests. 139 offered, any trees, plants, vines, or other nursery stock infested with scale insects or codlin moths, or other pests, or with their r . Sec. 4. That every railroad, ship, steamship, express, wagon, or other transportation company or corporation, carry- nursery stock infested with scale insects or codlin moths, or in the circuit court of the United States holden within the b ness; god it shall be the duty of all United States district attorneys and their deputies, and of all United States mar- Shals and their deputies and subordinates, to prosecute all Such violations which come to their notice or knowledge. EC. 5. That every conductor, master, captain, or agent of any railroad, ship, steamship, express, wagon, or other : eer ceeding two hundred and fifty dollars, or suffer imprisonment hot exceeding three months, or by both said punishments, in the discretion of the court. Bill to reg- ulate sale of nursery- stock. Billto regu- late nur- sery-stock. Are water- melons fruits? 140 Annals of Horticulture. c. 6. That the several circuit courts of the United States are hereby invested with jurisdiction to try all actions, civil or criminal, arising under the provisions of this act SEC. are hereby directed to enforce the provisions of this act in their respective departments. eyes of the law, watermelons are fruits. The litigation arose over an interpretation of a section of the tariff law. It was the suit of Thomas H. rge ; customs at Nogales, Arizona. The Board of General Apprais- - 8 N. T. for vegetables in their natural state, and are claimed by the appellants to be exempt from duty under the provis- ic . . 7 . . . . , i ‘Webster's Dictionary, the Century Dictionary, Chambers ‘ National Educational and Legal Interests. 141 ‘The watermelons is known technically and popularly as a fruit. Its classificatian commercially remains to be considered. Thé only information before the board that is favorable to the enumerate watermelons apples, peaches, plums, etc., under the heading of ‘fruits.’ ’ Iti is u RUSCESSAEY to inquire into the meaning of the words ‘fruit’ and ‘vegetable’ in their broadest sense. The tariff shea with the terms as common or commercial designa- ons. ‘‘We find that watermelons are green fruits, and so com- mercially known, and we hold that they are specially pro- vided for under Par. 580, i ‘«The claim of the appellants is sustained accordingly.” Seed law. The legislature of North Carolina has made a law demanding fresh seeds, which was ratified in 1 AN act to protect seed buyers in North Carolina. The General Assembly of North Carolina do enact: SECTION 1. That any person or “persons doing business in this state, who shall sell seeds or offer for sale any vegetable were grown, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and up Viction Aine shall be fined not less than $10 nor more than $ r ger stan not more tha Watermel- ons are fruits. Seed law. 142 Annals of Horticulture. guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon sa ote thereof shall be fined not less than $1ro nor more than $50, or imprisoned | not ‘less than 10 or more than 30 days. Sec. 3. That this act ce be in force from and after the the cental system of quotations (per 100 lbs.) of various seeds, adopted the following bulletin, to take effect January 1, 1893, and to be used in preparing catalogues for the SPURe of 1893: : ‘The advantages to be gained are manifold. The legis- : latures in the various states have established ‘legal weights ’ ba 8 and stating number of pounds which shall constitute a bushel, : measures. a ue. eons — billing out goods, and do away with a large portion of the vexatious and costly errors which often occur under abe old Ae. ‘‘We suggest and recommend that clover, blue grass, red top, orchard grass, etc., be quoted by the pound, while timothy, pee Hungarian aoe: tena and the lower ee seeds be quoted by the roo poun At this time we ee not recommend re the change in- clude peas, beans, corn, flax, wheat, oats, rye an nd barley, but from present outlook we believe that it is only a question of time when we can include them all.” Greenhouse heating by electricity.* Gustave Olivet & Co., of Geneva, Switzerland, have recently invented a system of vor green heating “greenhouses by electricity. The system approaches use heat- the ideal in the workings, but so much power is required that it can scarcely be regarded as economical. The electric cur- rent from a dynamo is force d into a receiver made of some gree ; a current of air is soon produced, and the heat is dis- tributed throughout the house, as when steam is used. h advantages claimed for the € system are : Entire absence of any injurious gases. *Revue Horticole, 1892, p. 387. National Educational and Legal Interests. 143 The € power, or heat, is introduced by means of archilie Hectic Sais wires. mplete security in every respect, the temperature being sees under control. . The heat may be turned on or off in a moment. 5. Absolute cleanliness. 6. Cheapness of the outfit. The cost for the most simple one is only ro fr., not including the dynamo or the conduc- tors. FART: SPECIAL ANNALS. S$ 1. Lntroductions of 1892. A DESCRIPTIVE RECORD OF ALL THE VARIETIES OF ORNAMENTAL PLANTS, FRUITS AND VEGETABLES INTRODUCED DURING THE YEAR INTO PUBLIC SALES IN NORTH AMERICA. The following account, compiled with great pains through an extensive correspondence and a critical study of the seed and plant catalogues of the continent, shows that much effort has been given to the securing of introductions for the year, especially amongst ornamental plants. The introductions are Sues Dy less than in 1891, however, a circumstance whic shows, along with many others, that there was less horticul- tural activity in 1892 than in the preceeding year. earns 716 varieties and — were first put upon the trade 8 Of these, 503 are ornamental plants, 122 eben: gordon of eS e 28 ; Pahunis, 26 ; Gap tae a phlox, 17; potato, 17; bean, 14; apple, 12; tomato These annual lists ; are mately genre of the commercial ac- tivity of the year, and they attempt neither to designate the plants which have been first introduced to cultivation in pri- responsi ey for their accuracy. But the lists must ave x a distinct value as history, and the merit of each volume must be enhanced as additional years are added for comparison. The editor hopes, therefore, that every edi bogs will contrib- ute his aid in the a: Preparation of future lis ‘ + et * ae Aeitin fe, varieties re in (145) 146 Annals of Horticulture. Acer Negundo var. foliisaureis. W. C. ae sabes pabed< aid to bea more vigorous and hardy variety than the well silver wvariegated form. This golden! form will probably better pe r hot s Ailes Aperatadis . W. Manning, Reading, Ma SS. Showily cut fern-like foliage oo large pure white flowers on long single stalks. 8 inches. Greec — Mongolica. Manning. ‘bate loose, flat heads of pure white flowers, prettily cut foliage. — ptarmicoides Manning. arge open, flat panicles of gg white starry flowers. 2 feet. Ethionema Persicum. Aanning. Deep rose flowers in dense heute Agerstum ‘Mexicasina: Large Picconce Rose Color. Hen- derson. Forms bushy, Jes —_— about 12 — high, bearing large trusses a rose-colored flow n abundan Allium dares Pathan & Co., risen: iietcnieta hemantha. Mann lett Deel a in color from aie to brown, with deeper spotted thro Alyssum serpyliifelbiin Manni Small linear, — ‘sivery ‘olince pale yellow flowers in clusters. inches. Euro Amorphophallus pe A. Blanc and Deale The flower is larger rpc that of 4. Saracen fees measur- ing two feet — s), and much more pl one in Oe oe, from a dee - red to cream me towards the c The club-shaped spa- dix is dark sPaeca with yellow and r tes After flowering, the iolpoadar appears—a stout stem of ses green color, mottled with ay. ter growing at the rate of several inches a day, it expands into a a palm leaf of a rich, dark green color, often measuring ee Andromeda Japonica, var. _ variegata. Manning. Foliage yellow an Anemone occidentalis. eee & Co., Oregon. Finely cut leaves and solitary white flower in early Nees succeeded — by an ornamental head of long, feathery tails. .— Oregana. Pilkington & Co., Oregon. Apple, Bliss. Geo. J. Kellogg & Sons, Janesville, Wis. — Gypsy Girl. Canadian Horticulturist. A handsome winter gt a ae from Russia by the Central Experimental Farm of Ont Introductions of 1892. 147 Apple, Hargrove. Berckmans, Georgia. Size above medium to large, oblate ; golden yellow, with a bright car- minecheek. Flesh crisp, white, with pearmain flavor, subacid, quality best. oie October and November. Originated in Haywood county, N.C. Figured in American Agriculturist, 1891, p. 701 _ Hayobid: Berckmans, Georgia. Large, usually flat, yellow, covered with crimson, with darker cheek and stripes. Flesh white, brittle, pitty September and October. A seedling of Hoover. Tree very vigorous and very pro- lific. Origin, ees county, N. C. — Howard’s Sweet. Geo. J. Kellogg & Sons, Janesville, Wis. Kocher. W. B. K. Johnson, Allentown, Pa. — Pioneer. Chas. E. Pennock, Fort Collins, Colo. Origin same as Uncle Ben (see below). Fruit oblong i in shape, medium to large in size; color, bee ee when ripe; juicy, spicy, sub- acid, good. Season, November to Januar Geo. J. Kellogg & Sons, Janesville, Wis. — Talbot. /- 7. rapes eet Originated from a se own, Texas. For an eating apple it has no superior. It will oe tin Christmas or later. Tree does not over-bear. Ripens in September; color about like Ben Davis ; size medium, — Uncle Ben. Chas. E. Pennock, Fort Collins, Colo. Origin Pleasant valley, ere Rakes seed sown by Ben Whidbee in 1859. Original tree now 32 y aia: Fruit peat in Re and shape to Ben Davis, eae ws peor better flavor. Season, January to June, Very prolific an rdy. — Vandevere Improved. ‘Sark Bros. — Von sheers | = 8 ct S. Gra Apricot, Cluster. Ramsey & fatg, Poder add Texas. iginated fro ssi he last three years the tyanae tree bore more fruit than all the rust vishetisas combined. It bloo d i * sprin eer ye Bergeriana. Canadian Horticulturist. deep blue columbine, obtained some years ago from Dr. a St. Petersburg, by the Cen gh pe tc hppa Farm of Ontari Hardy, and boca early int hb 148 Annals of Horticulture. ee lw ade ftuismeasd White einige ae hybrid, bearing the greatest profusio n of large, pure white aac of unusual substance, and i ntinual ae for a space of several weeks, in early spring, in Cae of all common garden forms of the family. Arabis nivalis. J/anning. White fl on good stems. Forms a dense tuft of showy, glossy foliage. 4 inches. een Se salctenss aba t ad sists ah C. Fuz ce. ome leaves. Arctostaphiylos viecuia OP ileington & a. ergreen shrub ro to 15 feet high, pesiching from e base, of aren etrical growth. The leaves are whitish green, aint strongly with the bright red park of the limbs. It bears a great pro- of pink epic in shag Be spring. Native Mince oleracea. Reaso hag rg Oneco, Fila. alm from West In aie ‘ pee montana. Maa ning. Forms a mat of a grass-like foliage, with pretty white flowers. 3 inches. S. Eur Armeria haphalotes: ae, formosa. Mann ing. Makes pcdeicer rosette of narrow, clear green foliage, and bears a eaienig — on of flowers Fetth arly spring to late frost. he flowersa dau ose-crimson, in dense globular heads, on long clean id often 18 inches high. S$. Europe. s — undu anning. ae Folia a very long, light -sheoaed Soapgaeg Flowers pure white, in ing heads on long. slender Ss. Iot noddi Aviajdinate falcata. Reasoner gotl ; Daiseo; Fla. : India sand i en Id’s Elmi ae ae & Stokes, Pinal large asparagus. e color is notably different from eithe vos Buses Barr's Philadelphia Mammoth “ Palmetto, while the stalks are more tender and succulent. In whole crops five stalks se average a pound in weight. This is ee the same as Vic Mammoth, Vick’s Sons write as follow ‘*The seed we first obtained from A. D. brig ld, of Elmira, N. Y. in 1890 and catalogued it then as re hoi oth,” and have grown it every season since, and still cm a at.” Asphodelus fetulotca. Man Large, towering spikes of nes pure white flowers. S. Europe. — 18 inches. —ramosus JAanning. oie 9 sword: like foliage ~~ eck idee napa ett dense of pure white-veined bro 4 feet. S, Europe. Aster, pete var. ee hg ahee ‘“< sie Flowers rich violet-purple Introductions of 1892. 149 Aster, one Pilkington & €o., species, aie sl rr graceful stems, covered in late sum- mer Swit a profusion of white Nat — Rose and White. De alers. aking bears very double flowers, with symmetrically i paid Rage making the flower almost exactly spherical. The flov color ais th sate and very distinct among asters. It bslotigs to thé ball group — Sibiricus. A ee globular Sani. completely enveloped in showy lilac-rose flowers Pure white aster, the Avwats being large—3 to 4 inches across—and very doub!e, composed of long petals taatie net Se tw isted and inter- inet suggestive of a Japanese chrysanthemum; they are freely bushy plants, ee about 15 riches igh, Nilragsiu Monspessa alani owy colored and dee aly oe foliage. 1 foot. S. Europe. Aubrietia deltoidea var. Leichtleinii. Manning. Showy, vd a flowers in profusion, Europe. — Eyerii Nae f ig seine of eno taliiichea habit and with deep violet-purple flow- nches ur Avalos mollis x e Sinan Boskoop Holland sit sale Company. Flowers larger and in finer colors than the 4. Bean, Adzuki (Phaseolus Poreagict The two following varietic’ distributed to Kansas farmers in the spring of 1892 by the Kenbie Experiment Station. They were Sg ig from jake se bina C. C. Georgeson. (See Bull. 32 an. E Ss Excellent for table use. Black-Podded Adzuki resembles the following, except that on ripening the pods ore _— gray—not strictly black. No differ White-Podded Adz whi gree small, en iss or reddish-brown, truncated at the ends, hilum white, long and — Challenge Dwarf Black Wax °D. M. Ferry & Co., De- troit, T8gI. — Dreer s Dwarf Lima. Dre aid to be agus s Dwarf : tiga. introduced in 1889, by J. M. Phorbeers &C — Early Yellow Six id Improved Round Pod. D. M. hale & Co., Det he old Yellow ‘Kidney Six are oo early and a ri pa which do not kee in condition for pods, which remain in condition for use a oe long time. It isa fully a ok earlier than ordinary Six Wee 150 Annals of Horticulture. Bean, Lightning Early Valentine. /. A. Everitt Seed Co., Indianapolis. The ig are large, it is very productive, and when young entirely stringles — sine Golden Pod Pole. Johnson & Stokes are fleshy and attain a length of 10 to 14 inches. The dry eae Light yello ow. Used either for string beans or as shell res — Non-Rusting Golden Bush. 2. &/. Fa dette Boston 1890. A distinct bush ert oe er seeds marked wit lack varousd the eye. The pods are entirely free from spot or oat It is a ro- bust sabdniec very pce very tender and of bans flavor. (W. H. Grennell). — Dicoonte Rock Early Bush. James J. H. Gregory, Mar- blehead, Mass. The earliest of market beans, Raving sb ae fit for marketing before either the ce Six Weeks or Valenti — Snowflake Field Bea OF H. Ale ema: Charlotte, Vt. Early and prolific ans particularly valuable in its cooking qualities. — Soy (Soja or Glycine his ispida The following four varieties were introduced from Japan by Pro- fessor C. C. et on, aa distributed by the Kansas eperiine’ Station to Kansas farmers in the spring of 1892. A full account of sm two, rarely three, eae ois pide py densel y on the stalk; beans aioe yellow, oval, oun the size of large peas. se ee pele Daitdzu (Kiyusuké is seb me of Begg cs Pla ant two and a-half to three and a-half feet ae grower, with much dark green foliage; leaflets wrinkled o + folded aioe the midrib, and beh a and more pointed pan fae others flowers white, ins shor es; podssmaller than the beans: the latter oval or n sob wat yellow; whole plant spot Yamagata Cha-daidzu (tea-colored bean, from Yamagata). Plan four feet t tall, a very rank grower, producing an abundance of Biers r and coarser than any of the others, and stems more dace’ dpe very hai eans are oval in shape, deep grocate yo Ye llow Soy.” Plant three to four feet high, erect, branches up- right, in a close bunch. s very thick on the ay ach contain- ing two or three comics vuae ye = agg lly the pods, apes : Introductions of 1892. I51 Bean, Wilkins’ Pole Cranberry. Gregory. strain of the old-fashioned pole Tory or Cranberry bean. It takes to the pole exceptionally well; is a hearty, healthy, vigorous grower nearly covering the pole with its numerous pods. Medium ate — Willow. —— Lima. Surpee a bean from the scoibern states, with narrow and long leaf- hy mire “bie beans. Distributed for trial in 1891 by Burpee Beans, 14 varietie Beet, Columbia Ban ee. he roots are turnip shape, with smooth, clean skin and deep blood- red flesh, of finest halt . It is ready to use very early, growing as s y- co Compared with such sorts as Edmand’s and Eclipse beets, it has proved earlier than either and better in gu uality. Distributed for trial in 1891 by Burpee as ‘‘Sample No. 4. — aces ee Dark Blood Turnip. /. A. Everitt Seed Co. h color, perfect form, sweet flavor ; eee Se crimson. — Rees Peet ed Half-Long. /Jehnson & Sto ot ei coe shades darker than the abana Perfection ree e -Long; very early, an size and s Sana wih James Ford, “Philadelphia, — Jewell. O..Z. Sica a er, Vt Round, Earlier than Egyptian, which it surpasses in grin smooth, blood-red. Originated with Alexander in — Maule’s Blood Turnip. Wm. Henry Maule, Phsladeighin: i ity. — New i Johnson & sie Very early, blood-red, ps tage ae tender, she a small top. ie Stiters S — of All. john gue Seed side is deep Age ie ser -red and te sai hig e size, and making a very good selling arid eating beet for pegort Hidanaaes: E. jf. i “ye ett se Charlevoix, ee his plant, ber inh is one of the t oft und in abundance in the humid valleys ee she northern Cordilleras. The siz t eee is large, the coior very bright rose; he foliage large and fleshy and of a deep green color. The flowers have a very Sweet a ost agreeable perfume. The pistillate flowers are the larger, and are on the si ve the stems, and in general t gr are se for each staminate s first introduced by Dr. Saac, of Coc bamba, ‘ En aes santa Dreer the same racteristics as Countess Louise Erdody, but with rics dark, velvety green foliage and a bronze-¢olored edge and ‘ « 152 Annals of Horticulture. Begonia fulgens. / /. Meech & Son, oe Mich. ba: uberous species, with leaves of me ediu size, orbiculate, sea- Sives a velvety appearance. The main stalks ai are relay short, giving the plant t of producing the flower-stems directly from have four pe etals ofa brilliant raspberry red, much deeper on the borders. Th rs are more n palin and highér col- ored, having rt or six ue During the morning the flowers give out a delicate perfume resembling the odor of the tea rose. Thisis an extremely florife erous pert of dwarfish, spreading habit, throwing a succession of erect fl ower stems. — parnnicides. fF. J. Meech & Son, Charlevoix, Mich. A free winter-flowering species ; leaves round, light green, woolly ; flowers white — — ze A. Willard. £. J. Meech & Son, Charlevoix, Mich. e flowers are large, round, with thick, heavy petals. The color isa baer lemon ground, shaded to deep rose on edges of petals. — ee BJ. Meech & Son, Charlevoix, Mic Am bra d plant, mainstem 2 a and self-supporting the aa aaa long, slender and dro ; leaves dark green, slightly ears bronze; flowers small, et ape by the undtet “of orange-bu or. — pci ee Striped. beatote: A triped class, with many h hcssbonss and unique combina- tions of | bctoie: such as yellow, orange, scarlet, crimson, etc., all of which are more or less striped and flecked with some other co — Vernon. Dealers. The color of the flower is a waxy blood-scarlet, and, being borne in immense quantities, they make an exceedingly brilliant effect. Eis foliage is at first green, Tat: when the plants are about two mo old the leaves begin to turn red on the margins, and gradually the whole leaf a3 stem are suffused. Bellis. See ; Biota, aurea ee Berckmans, Ga. Growth more erect than the Aurea; foliage intense gold, som br rin a of a solid muiaiibe tint, others suffused with green. — aurean Berckmans, Ga. warf and compact habit; a —. oe for small gar- en el rae lots. Originated with Berckm Blackberry, Eldorado. Z. M. Buechly, Greenville Ohio. — Governor. ay n A. Salzer, La Crosse, Wis., j Box Elder. See Acer Negundo. Brodiza Hendersoni. Pilkingto n & Co., Oregon. he flowers are a beautiful yellow, striped with blue. Native. Introductions of 1892. 153 Brunella —— ca. Manning. hoy fei pope * sage’ soeamgey? fone large and showy spikes of eep rope. ees Sprouts, Dalke age Seeds More dwarf than the common ston Ela Saha larger buttons. setae abe Flat. Dutch. Bur It is distinct from the Premium Fiat are ncn gr wo differs from all other strains of lat ct bee ahaa in pete quick growing Sarcee to mature), t mps bei vitae fot ure header ; the heads are of este eaieneablo size, ward solid “ad ‘ise in — Alaska. = HT. Alexander, V+. mmer Neate de with large heads and of extra quality. — Carolina ‘Har ve He ader Johns < & Stokes Ori rth Carolisia, where it has had a great tose Arathi in a few 3 ee, past, the seed frequently be- ing sold by local gardeners. It grows good sized flat and very hard eads, ott RY Se 25 pounds each, very short stock or stem, and ge rker gre an any sped cabbage of its class; saciine an the tact seins ot Late Flat ae hee s Early et. Currie ‘Br ros., Milwaukee. Earlier than Wilstels with a firmer head and few outside leaves. —- peal ce Currie Bros., Milwaukee, 1891. Two — earlier than Henderson's Early Summer, ssa consider- ably lar — Wation “Towa Seed Co. It is of the nari Summer ahi but far more regular and uniform in time of ma It is arapid grower, having produced heads for market in forty ae afta the setting of the plants. It has a vig- orous constitution, does not drop its leaves quickly, and is a g pass ope ie Be sowing the seed July 1, perfectly “solid heads will = formed by the time trenching for winter. Originated with C ray Floral ‘Park N. Y. (Long Island). — Perfection Red. Farquhar, Bek toga ol. The heads are large, very solid, and of beautiful dark color. The great advantage in this sh wr is its dwarf habit of growth and Sureness to —" solid and firm. Originated with S. P. Buxton Peabody, | eee) Hard * atiag Johnson & Stokes heads are large, uniform, solid and hard, of. a deep green color, ve ear and sure to hea - keeps late in the season; exceptionally mai A aarpie possessing the rich, sweet flavor of the caul Niower when cooked. vdasaers en: poco Henders eep blood-scarlet. The , blossoms are of great size, per- fectly sonana and produced in large compact trusses. It comes true seed. Very 154 Annals of Horticulture. California Yellow Bells (Emmenanthe penduliflora). Hen- derson A nesta —e California. It is an annual, forming bushy plants, 9 to 12 inches high, each branch sere site Lying bell- — pendulous, uawithering flowers — Se h long, o si my yellow color. The general effect of a ee s very sugges of a long spike of ait of- the. Valley. oak ey saiee bells ; ae tolled: however, is pinnatifid. Bee: upplied to sya by Henderson. Sometimes sold as California olden Bells. aa a Everblooming. John Lewis Childs, Floral Park, ¥s A dwarf fra eae variety, with a continuous habit of bloom. — Gem. SHender The great eae of this over the common lily lies. in its | pagoin habit and freedomcf bloor:. It rarely he fi shee sg mre A sf 3 owers are no more than half pe ommon variety. Calliopsis, Golden King. James Vick’'s Sons, Rochester. o to 12 inches, with heads one-half to two inches in di- ameter, ‘ee center of which is rich maroon and the border bigs Calochortus Tolmiei. Pringle & Horsford, 1884. little species 8 to ro fag Souy high, with several white or light oie flowers in spring. Along timein bloom. Native. Offered ilkington & Co. Camassia Howellii. Prlkington & Co., Oregon. A curious plant. ect bright blue flowers open only for a few hours rnoo — Lec had alba. Pilkington & Co., Oregon. mas. Native. Campania Masaiole Manning. — white, vee -shaped, pendulous flowers. 2% feet. — Hohenacker Man ear blue pendulous 8 pee in June. Candytuft, Dreer’s Mammoth White. eer. white flowers in ae ee the size of the old varieties. Canna, Alphonse singgoaone vier. Dealer liant red. Raised by og vance in France, — Baronne de Resowar rdy. Flowers of fair size, of a rosy salmon overlaid with scarlet ; oa deep green edged with purple. be feet. os ame e e: zoni. Dealers. Flow s lee rgea omposed of overlapping hg of great size; color clear Bei e "dotted with orange yellow ; of the finest of Raised ri ag lig by Crozy- Lntroductions of 1892. 155 Canna, einer: de Mortemarte. Dealers. ous ate hide large Ege yeah ise up numerous flower sealke? Mawes arge and round, sed of large round petals; color yellow, ones bright, lightly dotted ¢ carmine. Raised by Crozy, in Fra — Heary: A. eo Dreer. : Flowers sees of a very rich crimson; foliage bronzy purple, en- tirely distinct. 4 feet — ]. Thom eer. Flowers of very large size, produced in large spikes, of a most in- tensely rich orange scarlet ; oe of arich bronzy purple. 4 feet. — Miss Sarah Hill. De Height about 30 inches ; fata: nicely cupped flowers ; color deep, ie scr large, full spike. One of the best of the soft red shades. on BD, “Marquant Dreer. An ex cellent variety, with very large flowers of a eo salmon Scarlet, passing to shod carmine ; foliage dark green. 3 feet — Statu taire Fulcon Dealers. Height 3 feet ; ma ee, vb flower, in compact een of great beauty. A free grower and rofuse in bloom. -— Ventura. Afrs, Theodestee B. Shepherd, Vantanes -on- lhe Sea, eagle Gare s five inches in raperges self-colored, a ing ad aig n , an c drooping in the most gracefu ere e petiih are Hein c a and one-quarter to one and one-half in aehes across by ne inches long; foliage rich green, with a dark line on the edge. a persistent biaaeais. every little shoot having large, plumy Stetina Height, 3% to q feet. Cardamine gemmata (Dentaria gemmata). Pilkington & Co., Oregon. A dwarf species, with showy purple flowers. Native. Carnation. [Several varieties of carnations have been admit- ted to this list solely upon the authority of the catalogue pitied by the American Florist, January 19, 1893, although I have taken care to omit those which are improperly cred- ited to 1892, so far as I know phi Of some of these en- tries I do not even know the introducer. All entries made from that catalogue are indicated by (Am. FI.).—Z — Adelaide. S. Lenton, Piru City, Cal. Delicate satiny pink; very large and double. (Am. FI.) — Alessandro Flesh teboe: very heavily marked with deepcrimson ; strong grower. (Am. FI.) "156 Annals of Horticulture. Carnation, Annie Wheeler ink, SoRet with saiinon. (Am. FI.) Avrace ion. £. G. Hill & Co. , Richmond, Ind. Stem lo onger than the average, ane bearing a flower of anew shade, which ¢ catches the eye at once think it best described "by the words rosy scarlet; it is at nih so oft and be rilliant ; flow f good se gr t profusion, and deeply fringed. "Raid by orner Avalanch, John Briggs, Albany, Oreg ure white, imbricated, good form, a. calvs perfect. S Aeelnee . Lenton, Cal. Dark rich pink; very fragrant. (Am. FI ) Ben Hur. £. G. Hill & Grace ‘Wilder ink, of even, bright shade; indescribably beauti- ul; flower large, of good substance and elegant, tas I par nicely fringed ; stems alk: and stiff, very free. sed by F Dorner, Lafayette, In Buster. S. Lenton, Cal. é pias red flowers of very large size. (Am. FI.) Crimson, pa bloomer; stems rigid. (Am. FI.) Polina . John Briggs, Albany, Oregon. a bright salmon, with a eons. lilac shade; plant of seas habit: a profuse bloomer; calyx perfec Corona. Buff, marked with carmine. (Am. FI.) Coronet. Crimson; flower medium; stems long. ene 1.) Dorinda. &. 7. Lombard, Wayland, Mas A little darker than Grace — sdb Reied by Fewkes. on, Cal. White, ae with red; very fragrant. (Am. FI.) White, wih ag Sno of pink. (Am. FI.) Goldsmith. S. Lenton, Cal. Rich reer: striped gilt on the edges; large; stems stout and long. (Am ie Ideal. 5S. Len on, Cal. White, inc red-edged. (Am. FI.) Indiana. ; 0. Flower vary large and fringed; an upright grower, perfect healthy and very free in bloom; the igen color of the flower i 4 creamy white, sai heavily flaked and penc in carmine pink. Form of ait Sig ra good. Raised by Fred. Dorner Introductions of 1892. 157 ° Carnation, John Thorpe. ge as & Co. Pink. Raised by aa (Am. FI.) — Lavinia. S. Lenton, Cal. eng white spotted, large, very double, fragrant; stems long. = ae Gambetta. C. J. Haettel, Redondo Beach, Cal. Bright scarlet, very double; ipngrers bloomer. (Am. FI.) ae eee Pt C. J. Haette pink; dwarf. From Hinzie’s White, blended with a light ha ni — Lier May. Pink; robust. (Am. FI.) — Majesty. S. Lenton Z Rich dark pink, very double and very fragrant. (Am. Fl.) — Marvel. S. Lenton, C Dark pink, shaded creamy white or pale yellow; very fragrant; A Co. im ement on the Tidal Wave, being of a brighter shade, and producing pani freely. The stem is 15 to 18 inches long, rather slender, but stiff and —— erect ; flowers of large size and fine form. Raised by Fred. Dorn — Ocean Spra White. (Am — tiser . S. Lenton, C k pink, sed large, fragrant. — Orange Bloss PMD» f j Pe Southport C h like hoed: white, shading to rose center, Piaret: sgh a — Peciek Ss. Lenton, al. Bright red, fra t, borne on long, stout stems. (Am. FI.) — Piru. S. Lenton, Piru City, Ca hite ; plant strong but ea to be dwarf, the stems long and oat é ; g —_ Romance, S. Lenton, Cai. ce red, very large and fragrant. (Am. Fl.) — Ram S. Lenton, Ca Datk: fed; ao oe weit white: strong grower, with long stems ; very fragrant. (Am — Snowd-ift. White. Fl.) — Suton “S Lenton, Cal. Yellow, striped with te dwarf full bloomer. (Am. FI.) — Vulcan Crimson. (Am. Fl . Lenton, Cal. White; large, very dete and fragrant. (Am. Fl.) 158 Annals of Florticulture. asec oul White Dove. Z. oh Fiill & Co. e glistening white; flower very large and deeply notched, of ok fork petals Lib very lice and of heavy texture; stem qu uite stiff and very long; fragrant; very free in bloom, and in splendid, robust health, Raised by Fred. Dorne — Wide Aw S. Lenton, C esas» m. Fl. [Ca on, 40 varieties. ] Gale caopais prretiee ophy iia, Pilkinion & Co., Oregon. A large shrub or small evergreen tree. Thomas Meehan says that he has been ‘‘ buying and selling Castanopsis Rag t bee Sepa for years ast,’’ but it does not appear in his catalo Nat urpasses in earliness the Snowball. Whether for forcing or open ground, planted early or late, it is the surest tiaalat of all. Dwarf 1891. warf, early cauliflower, ada Soot either to field culture pe forcing. sion World | Beater. gr weit Brill, Riverhead, N. Y. (Long Ist. and). cannes Seip sree var. purpureus. Berckman a. le foliage in spring, flowers blue. Imported pant France. Culegan to Market. ee a shalf the usual size. The roots are of good size, round a ooth as an apple. It is at lease ten days earlier than any se vari ety. F Celery, Pracelor sFavorite. &. W. Poscharsky & Son, Prince-_ On, A half dwarf celery; strong grower, from 15 to .18 inches high: dark green in color, and not stringy. When blanched it is snow- and very crisp, with a sweet flavor; one of the best keepers. he plant grows about one and one-half feet high, peace freely large pure white flowers of ‘delightful fragrance. — a ee pete riety is a biennial, it will flower freely th sown reasona arly. Centrosema grakaitlors. A. Blanc, and by him supplied to many dealers. A hardy aeogepar vine, which blooms early in June from seed sown in April a sh a _ o Saal i oO Bil La @ ow gos uo] oa 5° me] o n 9° 5 5 < ic] a o ° if one plant bore fferent Rca plants heat so pm 4 rea a es shed an oails tore ™ Introductions of 1892. 159 gined with a White feathering. The flowers are produced in _ ina single cluster. Blo se ; ing stems placed in water remain fre esh for ma y days. Itis wa mies sp pid! every garden gitaleges, and ata as a climber, run- eight feet in a se Ch slaga Partanie Mann fuk ] etre creamy rb ae in showy, flat heads; leaves long and pin- eet. Siber Ghery, “Abbess _Suark Bros., and others. sweet — Improved Dee Rocky Mountain. Chas. E£. Pennock, Fort Collins, Co Z. From mountains of northern ia a Fruit somewhat larger eg Ticckaees oblong i in shape; i a sin August flavor when fully et and goo od; black. (See Bul. 38, Cornell Exp. Sta. 60 ) Chsvoanehectin., Abbie Mendenhall. &. G. Hil. 1& Co., Rich- mond, vhs Flower of pale rage yellow, of immense size; other epgoy re- becat center r petals incurving ; foliage heavy and. beautiful ; t iff. —~ Aga tt; Lebo oy. 7. H. Spaulding, Orange, N. s. Petals broad and cupped full to the center ; color ore rose pink, extra large flower. Awarded age sain at Philadelphi — Ada McVi cher, Pitcher & Man lant of strong habit; — white flowers, with broad, thick, ion | 2g % p ook a 2s me x A full and extremely doub e Japanese variety of immense size, having been g rown I aAendaists style and shape of Mrs. I. Clark, xcept i i i or, which | isa clear, delicate rose e pink, inte eed Me for exhibition soectiness. ison Square Garden. — Ay Carey. = 7. A Desai Rich clear, light b = Baby Clev sland. Pivchey & Man wer semi-globular, full iat ye double, vo medium size, with broad Re alers Bright velvety red, almost scastels pointed petals; very large and brilliant. From France. — Belle of Orange. 7. H Spaulding. Brightest and Pik yellow. — Boonton. Pitcher & Manda. Large, rose-pink flower, with narrow pointed petals ; =e. 160 Annals of Horticulture. Chrysanthemum, Bronze October Beauty. /. Forsterman. A sport of October Beauty, td : ge bronze color. — Borinictom Pitcher & Man Flower pure white, with — erie petals; single. — Camden. Pitcher & Maz Large lilac-pink flower, with tubular, spatulate petals; single. — C. B. Whitnall. Ai. etals recurving, formi “ a perfect globe when well grown color Bah velvety maroon; reve a shade lighter. Certificate at Madison Square. Chinese pies — C. F. Whiting, Jr. 7. Z@. aMecenatd Rich chestnut, old-gold and bronze — Chastity. Pitcher & Manda. Large, full flower; ee with a yellow center; petals strongly u tio — Chicago. Z. H. Spa ee img. Delicate shell-pink, changing to white. — mau eet Colu eee: Tay sg Spaulding. dark crim — Clare, Bectaec hp ee ughan Ola gold. Sport of John Collins; opens at first a bronze, and changestoa beautiful golden yellow. Raised by Bertermann. Jap- ese type. — Colonel H. M. Boies. Pitcher & Man Vigor6usin habit; very large, rose-pink lowers, with twisted Pee veined with a lighter shade. Reflexed sec — Colonel Wm. B. Smith. 7. @ ‘Spaulding. n sag agai? A sesvnet high-built flower, petals very broad wotle forming a s mass of richest bright golden bronze. aboot at P adnca Square Gasden: as the Bird cup. Raised y Robt. Craig. a Columbian T. H. Spaulding. Bright scarlet in dolar. = mpkoe Beckwith. 7. H. Spaulding. arge; clear snow tnt — David Rose. Hender Rosy serra edged aif saves white; large and handsome. Jap- anese sect — Dove Pitcher & Manda. Flower pure white; central petals ca erect ; ray petals numer- ous, party i incurving. Anemone secti — Dr. Cov A is golden yellow, Leuk = bright, heavy in texture, very double and incurvin mB i trong. An improved Mrs. W. K. Harris in size posite — Dr. H. A. Mandeville. Pitcher & Manda. oan chrome ste petals very long and twisted. Incurved Introductions of 1892. 161 ws dane Duck. Pitcher & Manda. medium size, white, the ray petals in several rows. Anem- one Habre — E. A. Wood. John Thorpe & S tenes finely-shaped flower ; es crimson, reflex of petals | sha _ ee ee Tae. fill. Flowers of immense size, almost spherical ; — eres oe slightly ; Biges' double, and carried on a good stem. e color soft lemon, suffused with pink. Raised by Eliza Woo Ne — Egret. Pitcher ge Man ia. r of me size, pure white; central- al ig ee ta Flow diu standing upright ; so petals ina single row, reflexed, Anem — Ella ‘May. flender. Primrose yellow, apricot center; extra large and fine. — Emma Hiuitzeroth 7. &. eeeinE a large flower; petals broad and peculiarly muineag ie com- pletely filling the center; bright lemon yellow; novel for arded at Madison a Garden the Wissiow: cup, also canteen. Esieed b Cra — Eva Hoyt. 7. H. Spaulding. An immense double Japanese bloom of clearest and brighest — low; a solid ball, with full, high-built center. Raised by Wm Harris. — Evening ss Fenders ow in the sat gree ich bronze-red shadings cope the ends of each jie very like the coloring of a brilliant sunse — ae Dealer seedling from Mrs. Fottler, identical in color, but an improve- teh in =p of flower, freedom of growth and stiffness of stem. The petals are upright, and show ie bright pink shadings at their best. — Fair Maid of Perth. 7. H. Spaulding. A round ball of As white, tipped rose. — Faultless. Hender Deep golden yellow, gan large and full. Blooms have measured sa — Frances Pees: hale & Manda. Large flower, with full center; petals broad, convex, silvery pink, with a narrow line of pale lilac at the extreme edge. Reflexed section. 162 Annals of Horticulture. pard fess sot po Fred. Dorner. Aiz/Z. Thi variety opens with half its petals very regularly incurved, vw refl oO Outer aataiare exed ; as a s, the entire bloom takes on a idal form of irregularly po petals of crea white cave, gs Ase in pink; flower of good substance and large size; arded first premium a t the Orange, N. J., show. a George Savage. Pitcher & Manda. white, with b A pene a incurved petals, making an almost solid ball. Incurved s — spies W. pavsionye yoke ‘Thorpe & Son e flowers are of massive size, reflexed, with broad, stiff petals; A se rane; pe walvety crimson, with no shade of brown or chest- . J., for the e : Bor icantueel Society; the Medal ‘of Excellence, American Institute, : I ; — Goguac. WV. Smith & Son, Adrian, Mich. With Mrs. Irving Clark, from ich it is a sport, this variety is identical in every respect on Féoler which is white. Received Certificate of Merit at Indianap — Golden Fleece. W. Hanne, Reading, Mass. A hardy chrysanthemum, bl ooming early enough to give a good effect before hard frost, and bearing handsome, deep-yellow, per- fectly donbte, reataeh flowers about oie inches i in diameter. — Goldfinch. AHender Deep, intense crimson on the upper surface, the reverse being 4 nze. — Hackensack. Pitcher & Man Very large flower ; ie pale si “petals decidedly spoon-shared. Single. ngle _ a Balsley. MV. Smith & Son, Adrian, Mich. A pearl-pink, shading to mermet pink. Flow Be shat semi-glob- somes with erect petals. Received Certificate of Merit at Indian- apolis. — Harry May. Pitcher & Ma nda. Flower very large and double; color deep old gold, occasionally veined red; petals broad and thic incurved secti — Hazel Gallagher. a Thorpe & Son. Large i wg be. flowers; bright acon reflex of petals seat pink. The flowers awa a a ole ball; stiff stems; good grow — Heron. Pitcher & Man betes Sige large, aie ray petals in several rows. Anem- one se Introductions of 1892. 163 Chrysanthemum, H. F. Spaulding. Z. H. Spaulding. apanese pi epee ovel shape and effect Color rich bs ot- yellow, shading to rose, shee petals: clear yellow; stom olid and double, high- balk and of largest size; habit strong and r obust. legs bie the ‘heat aan cup at Madison Square Garden, also certi- cate of Precndsscsee. a — — pee Heniers vivid, strong crimson; flower large, loosely incurved and decidedly pene in for aN May B. Spunilinn | Ext jeres “ie eep, ox-blood r — or fe , but much rings and more double ; reverse a ane shaded schies tases! oom, — John Bertermann. ii. Strong, clean-gro variety, with large, perfectly double flowers of pure white, sha ding “to a cream center; outer petals horizontal, center pétals shorter and che upright. —_— sone F. Miller. Dea A soft, Acer, mE e he, flower of good size, double and early. ham. fine grower — Jone. H. Ta lor. oes Thorpe & So ae ay arge reflexed, plumed flowers; ground of flower white, flaked and mottled with a abade of pink ; = ote and growth of the bes — iosepk H. White. ii/. A large white variety, elie upright dahlia-like petals, forming a area Was a8 flower of great substance and purity of color. Cer- tifica t New York and Bo pea — Jj. Schuyler cenit = John rpe & Son. tyle of C. Orchard; finely bist cae. 2 ees red- bronze, reflex mY rer gold ; strong stems; good grow — J. S. Fassett. 7: Hf. Spau regan Lilac-crimson, promis ve Jap — aia Roehrs. Hend ich violet-rose, reverse Swe pink; a unique and charming con- Flowers incurved, of largest size. Awarded certificate at Philadelphia — Ki-Ku. John Thorpe & Son. The lower petals are broad a and flat; color deep pink ; center petals silvery pink, long and tubular, gr gives the flower a peculiar shape; large 3; str em. f mum —_ dupe Daughter. Va ughan ow white, very long, “drooping outer ee center petals copay incurved. Imported. Japanese sectio 164 Annals of Horticulture. cca cen weerpen oe Dree ccount of the pecrliar twisting and overlap- ping ‘of the. Cores hich me the flower a most grotesque but at the same time graceful appearanc — Lillian Russell. 7. Z. Sie ldin, A broad-petaled, —— silvery pi sit incurving « op forming an im- Pio round ball; an early-flowering variety ; of the collection winning the Astor aon a Madison Siuats Gar dee — Here er. arge incurved v os ot ried white, Peis ee with rose, reverse of petals 5 prea ery pink of the six varieties that were awarded the Spaulding prize at the Pailodeiphie Exhibition for the best six new T. H. Spaulding. r ° fe) x, 5 gq ake: » & Com oe 4 rt) Land ou — Madame Bie (or, Etoile de la Pape). Dealers. The flowersare of the lar at an with hardly anexception. White, sy ed tinted cream ; perfectly double, quits as deep as wide; petals of heavy pened: introduced Som Japan through France, where it made a sensatio — Madame Forgeot, Deale argest s ee-q r globe, very regular in form; petals aa and sabalac nx half ‘hele — White, very lightly tinted with pale heliotrope. a Madame L. vonet Dealers. A pink flower o Chi ery double; petals of beantiful shell ae and of good size for this i Imported, Majesty. Hender Deep, glowing oak "similar to Saige pote baa hori and finer, the color being more intense than in that fine — Mamie Craig. TZ. H. Spaulding. White, with beautiful shading of pink. — Marble. Pitcher ibe pain Flower pure white, of medium size; the strongly incurving peta tals are evenly imbricated giving the flower a compact and solid appear- ance. Hair _ pay a ask Dreer. white, tenon of most Nig ban form, flowers very erect on soar pe when meee a pale lemon, changing rapidly to te white. Awarded a certificate of merit, and one of six which t the Spaulding prize at ’ Philadelphia, — Marguerite Jeffords. on A large ball of fine amber or; one of the notable varieties of ee year. Winner of | the Whilldie prize at Philadelphia. Raised by Introductions of 1892. : 165 sre mesa I Maud Dea Fill. a large-flowered ey petals broad and incurving ; per sip deubte: and of gocd substance ; color, soft pink. Silv er riedal : Philadelphia, and also — at Indianapolis and at Madison bt. Cra Square. Miss Annie — Pitcher & Man Flower high and compact, perfectly rata incurved, of the purest aire The petals ‘s covered with long, hair-like growths. Hairy Miss Bertha N. Robison. Pitcher & Manda. wer rose-pink, with red ay very early, of large size and piveel fh e. Incurved sec Flowers a very pleasing shade of v olets -amaranth, ve grit incurv- ing; reverse of petals shaded Sabie, ana the style of Mrs, E. W Clarke. Miss M. Colgate. Pitcher & Man lowers perfectly pan ne ge petals broad and fou. Flower pure white, with long, narrow petals. Single. Mohican. Pitcher & Manda. Flower large, of a deep mahogany color ; Lg curved, covering the center well when fully expanded. Plant of vigorous a growth and i ur tio a. . Flower of medium size, full center, petals broad; upper surface ce) expanded limb deep Indian red, yellowish at the wg under surface yellowish, veined with lines of red. Reflexed sectio D. S. Brown. Flow dium size, semi-double; of a clear canary yellow color when first thal tig but ‘changing to cream sole as the petals expand. Incurved sec Mr. BH. Ballantine Pitcher & Man Flower rather flat, showing the center ion of a beautiful old gold or eon col Hairy section Mr bj ld. Pitcher & an ong growing haem th rg large, “fall double flowers of an abate color. Incurved s Mrs. ea J. Drexel. Hill. Lar ey ged early variety; color, crimson-lake ; form rounded intoa falf ¢ Certificate at Ne w York. Raised bv Robt. Craig. se Smi 166 Annals of Horticulture. Chrys 2 aaa Mrs. Dr. H. A. Mandeville. Pitcher & Man e ss e flower, perfectly spherical, with broad incurved sie of a In Se eae Plant of vigorous habit. Incurved sectio Concord. — Big Ext a. Y ‘Mansdn Pos ter cian, oe gt rh and oe skin tough, flavor y good ; y productive. Oak Triumph. _ Bie ope. “T. V. grconie Cluster very ae digo ae double; berry medium in size, dar red, the skin thin but tough, flavor very good; very produc ae Cluster very large, conical ; peu seal and black, fling thin and tough, flavor best; very produc tive. a yale Seedlin Carman. Rural Publishing ee; Cluster very large, c conical ; berry erie and black, skin io flavor rng good; very productive, Post Oak & Triumph, by Munson Cluster large, saree berry medium and ng red, skin tough and thin, quality best; productive. Post Oak < Triumph. — Dr. Collier. 7. y. Munson: Cluster large, conical ; berry large, dark fey skin thin but tough, flavor good ; Pi oductive. Post Oak * Lin — Dr. Hexam , Cluster sree: cylindrical ; ye jane. black, skin tough, flavor very good; productive. Post Oak * Triumph. — Early Ohio. C. = Curtice Co., Portibnd, DV de A very early black grape, with sco om pact, shouldered bunch, ripen- ing ten days to rot weeks before Moore's Early. The original seed- ling was found sab ga rows of Delaware and Concord at Euclid, Ohio, nt. — Elvicand. Tr ¥. Munson. Cluster small and ote berry large, dark red, skin thin and tough, wai good ; productive. Elvira < Mustang. — Fern Muns a. v. ona Cluster as: conical; berry shi < ora bie a thin skin and of best flavor; productive. Post Oak < Tri — Governor Ross. 7. V. pac Cluster very large, conical; berry large and yellow, the ein thin and torgh, quality best ; medium productive. Triumph seedlin Introductions of 1892. 177 Grape, Hopkins. 7. V. J Cc luster very large, Sbaioat eat of medium size, black; skin — and tough; of very good quality ; very productive. Post Oak & Cy thiana. SS Le oP. pie Cluster medium, shouldered ; berry medium, black with a tough, thin skin ue very god ate peodactiva Post Oak > Gold Coin, saa hota unso medium in siz = oythdiieal. berry of medium size, owing skin. thin aud tough, avd best; productive. Post Oak < Her re “Munson on Clus er large, conical shouldered ; berry small to medium, purple were thin and tough, quality best ; very ah cai hit Neosho Herbs. Steen es T. V. Munson Cluster large, conical; berry small to medium, purple, with thin but tough skin, flavor best ; very productive. Neosho >< Herbemont. Neva Muns N. Cluster ei cylindrical and shouldered ; berry small, purple, skin — and thin, quality the best; very producti ive. Neosho < Herbe- Onderdonk T. V. Munson. Cluster large, conical; berry small, white, ag thin and tough; sony poe productive. Herbemont seedlin Opal ‘ unson. Cluster radians m, shouldered ; berry large, yellow; skin thin and weigh: quality very = od ; produc ctive. Lindley seedling. Oriole. Cluster large, eylindsiea and shouldered ; berry small ae hes’ with nl an ee ough skin, and best quality ; productive. x Dev Perry. yy. Munson. Cluster large, conical; berry small to medium, purple; the skin thin arene tongh, flavor best; very productive. Post Oak Herbe- mo Pierce. Cali ifornia Nursery Co., nieces ce ‘* A sport from Isabella, dat oa some ve years ago with Mr. J. P. Pierce, of Santa Clara. e fo “amy is s remarkably large, and the vine an exceedingly strong aoe and pro lific bearer. The ber- ries, like the leaves, are of extrao ordinary size, twice as large as } those of its parent, black, with light bloom, and when sweet, delicious and slightly aromatic, the pulp readily dissolving. Mr. Pierce has had it in cultivation under every condition, and it has remained constant, showing no indication of running back to hs 178 Annals of Horticulture. arent. The entire crop of two pee has been shipped to San Francisco by Mr. Pierce for the past six years under the name o of Isabella Regia, and always realizes the highest market price.’’ (Cal- ifornia Nursery Co. Tilustrated i in Pacific Rural Press, January 2, 1892. Grape, Reagan. 7. V. Munson. Cluster large and conical; berry medium, taps the skin thin and flavor very good ; productive. Post Oak & Triumph. — Salzer’s Earliest. John A. Salzer, La Crosse, Wis. Berries sk aaa which it resembles in type. It is very hardy, prolific “and arly. er Vinita. T. V Mun Cluster aide sonkeat Senaeenae: berry small to medium, purple, with a thin nity i skin, and of best quality ; very productive. Post Oa Herbs emon es, 28 varie [Gra es. | —— — Ss. Pringle & Horsford, 188}. Sto ms I to 2 feet high, with spikes of small hag flowers in summer. “Offered chia year by Pilkington & Co Nati siya ete’ oo Pilkington & Co., Oregon ‘Ste 8 to 20 inches high, with "spikes of small, white flowers. Nasivass — Bi ona, Pilkington & Co., Oregon. Nati Helichrysum. Silver Ball. Dreer. r2 feet high, bearing a profusion of large, pure white, double Files wers. Heliotrope, Giant Flowering Hybrid. ender eed sown in April produced luxuriant, aahiiey; bushy plants 18 inches to set feet hgh by July, and a bloomed —_ agus th cae cut down b im So anne Prince. Curry Bros., Milwaukee pnd ae a salabaon glossy black color, of fine form, very deni het wat & eely produced. It is a vigorous grower and re- produces itself Fa from seed. beans Natalensis. meen. Bros., Oneco, Fla. m from South A Impatiens Sultani, Hybrida, Dealers Beautiful hybrids in ri? bse shades of color, from delicate pink to thedeepestred. A strain from which King Albert (see next page) and others are derived. Introductions of 1892. 179 va Maite Ss King Albert. Dealers. e best of the above new hybrids; its flowers are of an Bie isite rosy crimson shade and are freely produced. Inula — W. Manning, Reading, oliage en and showy ; flowers orange- yellow, 4 in immense heads. laya. 2 feet. q .% — Heavenly Blue. Mek, "Theodosia B. peed gad Ventura, Cal. The foliage is very large, heart-shaped, thick a and light green ; flow- ers four to five inches across in large c clusters, = light blue with a yellow throat, suffusing softly into blue. nated in the garden of Mrs, She vg tea ip thinksit ‘‘evidently a “child of Ipomeea Learii _ and Mina lob Iris, Imdeane ate. Manning. Clear lavender, large. — macrosiphon. Pringle & Horsford, 1883. Pilkington & 0., Oregon. A dwarf paige 6 to 8 inches high, with narrow aig -like leaves and ves showy white or sone ed flowers. Native. — see of Wales. (Albicans. ) Masa ing. Late flowering. hite Jasione p perenn nis. JZanning. owers deep blue and showy, in large heads. Juneberry Rocky Mountain Dwart ex ieaieachisr alnifolin). ripens from . i gecesi some years as an ornamenta Kale, Sadpen s Erfurt Dwarf. Sa/zer. Introduced from Erfrut, where kale is grown in great perfection, It is extremely prolific, of ‘the richest color by sae delicious flavor. Leek, aye Perpetual. Henderson. i valuable ask which ecchiens continuously a nu ace of stalks or hier from —— the first from seed. of the ordinary leek, but for See ANNALS for other varieties of leek, t be propagated either by sowing see Leiophyllum buxifolium, var. prostratiti (Mountain Heath). Harlan P. Kelsey, Beautiful, har dy, = mountain variety of the east, with prostrate e fines ae ants for rockwork in Sao am Native. ‘180 Annals of Horticulture. Lettsomia sp. easoner Bros., Oneco, Fla. India. Perennial pink flower, member of Morning Glory family. ees oa Beha Century. Childs. roduced in 1890. ‘See ANNALS for 1891, — Hittinger's Belmont Forcing. Goatees Se Fottler, Bos- A large forcing lettuce, originating with Mige ait Bros., Belmont, Mass. Said to be identical with Big Boston b — Large panna: orburn. A large strain of the Boston lettu Big Boston was 5 oteke d by esas two years ago. See ANNALS for 1890, 169. a NIZE GS Coluseal Salzer. One of the best cig to withstand the extreme heat of our ee it forms large, solid heads without showing eed. hot summer months, the slightest dixpesitivn 'to "4 It is equally well ay es ed for early spring ing. Ofv eee ier sath: with few outer leaves; is a very light ireen, she white, and forms a very large, wt o = ee Earliest. Salzer is large, of excel- e and unusually soli id b reagan beskege 12 inches diameter, and with Bat few outside leaves. Its’ s both pacar wet and dry weather during growth without injur Tt blanches nat- urally, is crisp, tender, of exce snes pay vor, cat 6 ntirely free from itte The outer leaves are dark green in alae. while the in- side is eRe white. Caren Pp. 4 Lilium ‘Wallichianum, var. superbum. W. C. Strong, Waban. s., Elliott & Sons. Exhibited for the first time in this country by Mr. Hunnewell a and Mr. Strong in 1891, before The Flower Committee r t ‘It is a magnificent , with an per cg crag ete aped flower, babe solid texture and iful in ‘ which i ite, shaded with chocolate on the outer side, and delicately tinged sg vbteonseh on ‘the! inside.” It was awarded a first- rtifica clas! Lobelia syphilitic var. oe Mannin ng: A pure white form, with —— larger, longer and more showy spikes than i a the type. Nat - . Introductions of 1892. 181 Lupinus rg bea Manning. with long, gant spikes of deep blue > inte este Lycium Chinense, ‘Matri mony Vin Henderson. Mann t vigorous climbing plan t when trained to an arbor, a in any tedden where a hardy, poncltge abe is desived. It sends out numerous side branches, so t it covers a great amount of space s ich cce by brilliant scarlet berries. It continues flowering, and new berries are forming from late spring until frost. (See Garden and Korest, iv. Io I.) ch auyhelogt pig oie RS Pilkington & Co., Ore. us leaves are 8. often 3 or 4 feet long: of zt eutiay The nume yetlowise erea. giving it a e decided repieal appearance than any other North American po Maakia Amurense. ieee Georgia m the north a, resembling Yellow Wood or Cla- A shrub of A drags tinctoria in general Saracuned isti mae Se idisp wt a. Edge. Henders w, large flowering variety of “OG old double dwarf French inastiels differing from it in the more robu ’ Aaah = " va larger and more _mpeiecg double flowers, measuring fro 0 4 inches schon: which are borne in uninterrupted eneainen- Fv anti trosi, on strong stems, oa wart displayed above the Aesrgi he color of the flower is a velvety brown maroon, edged with yellow Matrimony Vine. See Lycium Chinense. Melon, Spore Preserving. lds. cost os are large, nearly round, very dark green, and covered Wren Inside they are perfectly — and pure white. For Msceiia aa, Thorbur An annual and biennial ‘shell: flower, introduced from Assyria. When young, its chief attraction is its numerous Sr rose owers, but it grows rapidly to a height of 6 to 8 feet, and is then most valua account of its er reen foliage, which contrasts ble on most effectively with its sascclnese r our-cornered s' Monardella villosa. ilkingto Co. re Eight to sonia ge ee hee igri: leaves, ied pa of small pink r. Nat flowers all s Moonflower. “sn nee eae i — Variegated. Henderson. he flowers are 5 to 7 inches across, and bloom very bee ma early in the evening Polinge and flowers vary in form on differ plants, some flowers being scalloped, others cartectiy qotoaly pac in star-shaped ; the foliage —— oe rom the original shape to oak- leaved and heart-shaped fo for 182 Annals of Horticulture. mnt whadigeps Everbearing. Ramsey & con Texas. ve of Lampasas county; large and productiv Muskmelon, Columbus or Beck’s Columbus. Titan also Dre A handsome melon, grown for many years by Antone sere of Oregon, Ill. The flesh is peculiarly spicy, melting and — oy skin is finely netted, and the fruits are . gd ye nutmeg sh ape. a shipping melon it is pegs mene med by Livingston’s hag who purchased the original stock in re — Farquhar’s Honey-Drop. Farguhar, Bost The flesh is phi thick and of a rich yellow sabe fae ie size ; extra melting or ; has earliness and great productiveness — Great Cobibiintion. Childs. Was int troduced i in 1890;instead of 1891. See Annats for 1891, 193. a Basse oe a Co.’s Improved Green Nutmeg. tow a Se ed Co. of fair size, very rich, spas and of ui — Jersey Balis. Johnson & Stok ge, early melon, of best qealits and handsome appearance, which doe does best or soils. Distributed for trial in 1891, as ‘‘ New Muskme — Long Tsk Beauv: Thorbur A new variety of the Hackensa pi type, originated on Long Island. It is of superior quality, with green flesh, and densely netted. In one it resembles the Hackensack, butis slightly moreribbed. Very — Sis Oaks Cantaloupe. ca H. Jones, Herndon, Ga. — Santa Claus. Henders The color of the flesh is a delicate peach pink on the inside, al- though it will at times run yellow in color, and the outer skin is dark en k i ity i i green mar ; the quality is delicious. All of this class of e much thicker and finer flesh th dinary musk- melons, hence the long-keeping ica ies. This variety rarely ripens in the open ground, so the melons must be picked off in the fall and ut in some cool slice: where, h neha r, there ‘ nod r of freezing, until they are wan Itis usually necessary to place them in room or four days before using, so as to ripen them up thoroughly. Musk Plant, Double-flowering. Henderson. dara ao Harlan P. nokta AM oe fea flowers. dy Nartectuen Califor cum. F. #. Berga: 1888 0. aes ose Be en 8 ed he achae sili “fees grass-like leaves and s! a of yel- oe owers in summe Native. Offered this year by Pilkington Lntroductions of 1892. 183 Negundo. See Acer Negundo. ees Mauvii. Samuel Henshaw, W. Brighton, N. af A seedling, raised by Samuel x ada Staten Island. Delicate, pale mauve, sweet scented, day blo Onion, Early Red Wethersfield. ecole Seed n extra choice, early maturing, solid and fea sort, i —- Round, Yellow Globe Danvers. Gregory. eta strain of Danvers, producing very heavy yields when well manured. — Salzer’s Ghadintar Salzer t possesses the large size, mild flavor, excellent keeping, and a other good qualities of the Prize Taker, but differs from that ite sh : h, in ig atar bet - pure white, fine- grained flesh, attracts marked attentio Gladiator grows quicker and can be grown at least see-thied ti cies than any other red onion. From Spain. — (sets), Autumn White Wax. Landreth. PpHORcEeR Japon Manning. rs deep ais in —o. spikes. 2 feet. — Jaburan, ning. Spikes of oye! white flowers, rg above the long, narrow, re- curved, green Soa, at 2feet. Japan. [The var. bi Bo has been introduced re re. | Orange, heey ood. Reasoner Bro. Fru essa like the Jaffa, Si blood-red inside. Originated ag Lyman Phelps, Sanford, Fla. Oxalis pPesorn _Pilngton & Co., Oregon Large, 1 leaves no umbels of white, oat with pink ; flowers al « su se: Nativ Pansy, — Caipaivitas Scotch. Currie Bros., Milwaukee. e is saved fro hoa premium at the international flower shows of Great Britain nd other minent exhibitions for a num aa of years. ‘It is unex- celled by any | in size of flower, many of the single ring over 3 inches across, and in richness of color san beautiful markings. — Peacock. Dea This ets pa was named Peacock because of the eae ae Bh nts contained in the upper a of the flower, which m nearly resembles this color in the feathers of a peac The is fatber justified by me tos of aa th and beautiful, shoe iridescent, aleeg vi al co. — Rosy Mor A rosy re ar pansy, a a distinct white edge around each petal, while the three lower petals are rblotched — a deep, purplish red; the flowers are of perfect form and good si 184 Annals of Horticulture. Pansy, Vautier’s Mammoth. Dealers. his strain of enormous pansies has been raised and perfected for twenty ivory by Charles H. Vautier. In size and perfect form they series nything heretofore introduced. The flowers measure 2!4 to inches across, of 8 perfect t form, circular shape. The plants e bushy and compact, and flower profusely. The colors = rich reir! varied, embracing ant the aba spotted and icined color Papaver. See Poppy. aig diarere ac Gillett & aothehore ee red this year by hea & Co. Pea, Ohare ames Vick’ s Plants 3 to 4 feet high; ist nee scimitar-shaped, bearing 7 to 9 peas of bd quality. Season follows Little Gem and before Cham pion of England. —~ Dwart nine New: Yorker. O. H. Alexander, Charlotte, th A foot high, of great er ce and best quality. Cross tween oes New-Yorker and Little Gem — Gladiator. ri eae ei plant is robust vigorous, stem branched, growing about 3 feet in height ; ekcoaditels productive, bearing in pairs an abun long pods, re — closely filled with medium-sized peas of excellent quality. A first-class certificate was con vars on this variety by the royal, Hariicuite sat Society of England. — Nepiasks Lightning. Amerson Seed Co., Omaha, 1891. — Snowflake. Alexander A selection from Barly Kent, originating with Alexander in 1886. Earlier than its parent, more dwarf and prolific, and better in quality. Peach, rea ora. jJ. H. Jones, Herndon, Ga. roms-bred seedling ass the Chinese Cling and Mary’s Choice Frui ties rge; =e aie cream, with dark red cheek. A freestone. Ripe 1st to roth of Jul — mere oe Ss eran J: H. Jone. -bed seedling m the pl Cling and the Tillotson. Fruit uniformly carer high colored, melting and delicious. Free n Georgia a the 20th of June to rothof July — Cag. hece A. F. Boardman & Co., Auburn, ‘Cal- ifornia. Very highly colored, ne and gegeeticek in size, of firm, fine texture and superior flavor ; e tree is a strong grower, with heavy, = foliage; ripens in iiwsber rrecsian: There is an older Crimso i this Ramse Son Resembles a large orange. ‘Cli ing. Ange Introductions of 1892. 185 Peach, gsm J. Hf. Jones, Ga. A cross- ssc seedling from aah Chinese Cling and Salway. a yel- low ee with dark eae cheek ; large, delicious flavor; ripens 2oth Aug — Hero . Hf. Jone Ga eedling fr om piles Cling. A very much larger and higher- Silotas fruit, ‘and is free from rot. Ripensin its a 20th of jaly. — pr eo Ramsey & Son, Mahomet, Tex A large, October = from Mr. Shell, of Georgetown, Texas. Clingstone. Runs from 9 to 14 inches in circumfere — Miller. /. H. Jones, Ga. A magnificent wt oe slightly stained na red, ripening in June. This peach originated in Savannah, Geo Sneed. Stark Bros., pati were =~ eee gee ccc pha Co., Normal, ated in easter i; is a seedling and one of the ear- w handeome: color deep red in the sun, softening to yellowish ground in shade; juicy and of most excellent flavor. Ripens from roth to of June. — Zane. Joseph Morrison, Cadiz, Ohio. ‘ Pear, Lincoln Coreless Winter. Wm. Parry. J. S. Collins & Sons Tree a healthy, vigorous witiboseas with dark, luxuriant saogg a —— it retains very late in the season; free from blight ; nnual a u bear i there being an duke tera ipte ed solid mass of flesh. Snore a identical with the Lincoln recorded in Annals for 1891, 194. _ Buea arry. ong, vigorous, upright, har dy grower, retaining its foliage sive jana healthy very late in the season. Seedlin Bartlett. Fruit a beautiful bright yellow, with brilliant red cheek; large, rich, ids buttery, melting, sprightly, vinous; very attractive in appear- e and of excellent quality. Ripens just after Bartlett. 1891 and a 2. Pecan, Faust. O. D. Faust, Bamberg, South Carolina. — Jewett. W. R. Stuart, Ocean Springs, Mississippi. — Pride = De ee. Berckmans d ted the size sent us Seala weigh one pound, and that ie carefully sele = ing the largest only 18 would be required to reach one pound w eight 186 Annals of Horticulture. The foliage is very distinct = smd of the aed Soririgansy ——s this to be a well defined for Some of the nuts which w canval ured 2% in ae in length hernet very sacar and shell preter ingly thin. (Berck ns. ) Pelargonium. See pon cie. _ Peony, Herbaceous. #&. MM. Watson, Old Colony Nursery, Plymouth, Mass. Nine Varieties : — Belle Alliance Pure ee rose. A very double flower, anda most abundant bloome — Count Melts Ring petals crimson rose, inner petals copper colored, light shaded toward the margin, changing to white; giant flowers, of extraordinary beauty — Edelkonig. Clear lightcrimson flower. The margins of the petals are silvery. The plant is of fl growth, very suitable for the center of a group. —— Emperor Willia The flowers = aye a rich black purple, with brilliant yellow sta- mens ; finely formed a a Au Out ab tae dark rose, center light rose, with silvery points. Deli- ascae fragr —— Fuerst Bis ace Flowers brilliant blood red; their formis globular ; the color is very novel and striking. The flowers are delicately perfumed. — Glory * Erfurt. Pur hese, some of the petals slightly touched with crimson veins. A stg flowe — Lord Byron The ring petals are very large, uf a delicate crimson; the inn petals are small, pure milk pofetaie Pipl coe fully developed the dowels are light rose, and are very delic -— ae am Rhein ers are inst nlggeoe Laclag with violet shadings. The sta Rea vie Peaipbury ellow : eb eis agit Fair. Macon pers are of medium size, but are very solid and meaty, and se meee at aorigittty flavor, entirely free from any biting or burning taste. rite Ada. Dreer. rplish crimson, edged with pure white ; very large. Double. — Alaine. Dreer. Mottled crimson, edged with white. Double. Introductions of 1892. 187 Petunia, Apollo. Dree | | eep crimson seiktects changing through ca various shades of rose and blush to pure white on the edges. Dou Beauty. Dreer. Beautiful Sacked rose; a distinct variety. Double. Ceres. r Pure eine “mottled with rosy crimson; a fine large flower. Double. Clematis-Flowered Strain. Dea/ers. Clio. Dreer. Pure white, with crimson mottled center. Double. Columbia. Pure sale ses crimson center. Double. Darling. eer. Clear ee rose, marked with white. Double. Elvira. reer. ee white, with a finely mottled carmine center ; a fine flower. bl Eureka. Dre Intensely dee ‘purple, ngaa ea with white; a beautifully formed flower of large size. Flora. Dryeer. Mottled white, crimson and blush. Double. Fortuna. Teer. Blush white, with purple crimson splashed center. Double. Gazelle. reer. Rich crimson rose, edged with white. Double. m. Dre Mottled cs crimson, purple and white. Double. Giant of California. Henders Regi * pid sath? nagts cater 6 or r fri nged on the edges, = aa reer. Rich crimson, shaded purple, LA, menor with white. Double. rs are se color, with han dsomely ve ined throats, broadly margined with a bard, generally 1 inch across, of clear light green. 188 Annals of Horticulture. Petunia, ee Dre Ab sanity fringed sibcolewd variety, of a rich, purple crimson e. — Mermaid. Dreer. Beautifully mottled white and rich, purplish crimson. Double. — Nobilis. reer. Mottled crimson, rose and white. Double. — Pink a bia me carmen hybrida nana compe rosea). on. This sauiety poston very dwarf, compact masses not over a foot Hick which produce flowers of a brilliant rose-pink re with a white throat in such abundance as to fairly hide the plan — Ring of Emerald (Petunia grandiflora eae margi- nata). Henderson. Grows to a height of only ro or 12 twelve inches. forming a dense aad ae 14 to 15 inches across, covered with ah perfectly med flowers of a rich crimson, edged with a broad green margin. — lan Giant: Strain. Mrs. Thomas Gould, opus ae Sea, Cad. — Steel-Blue Veined (compact veined). Dea/lers. The flowers are large, es rosy red, han ape ise edeaeis and pro- duced in such abundance as to almost cov e pla They are dwarf and compact in eB a nd make quality. th ironclad, productive. Ripensabout with Souhegan. Thi s black- cap originated on the farm of John Wade, in Fountain county, Ind., about Io years ago. Introductions of 1892. i95 Rhamnus oe ibe oe raphe Waban, Mas ong-growing variety of buckthorn, with lar fae rugose, pe nese: poleted leaves y which a page pricks and orname Rheum undulatum nning. andsome vate ey ape one with wavy ghee ieee a in a monstrous open, leafy, c ound spike. 5 feet. Chin caechgpe aly euadennte: = Pideinpvon & Co., Oregon. A fine species, with oe trusses of white and yellow fragrant pifadber insummer. Nat Robinia hispida, var. rosea. Harlan P. Kelsey, N. C. Rosa bers grea W. Cc. Strong, Waban, Mass. aluable variety from Japan, introduced into ahs country by way of Germany under the misname of brac- Bu teata. ut it proves to be very different and far more desirable and hardy thanthe R. bracteata from southern Chin isa low, trailing species, its stems creeping on the earth almost as closely for a dist of 10 feet in a single season, or r trailed as a single shoot, and forming a dense mat of very dark green and lustrous foliag he leaves are posed of one, three, five, seven or ni ooth, shining lea enop s. The rl are produced in greatest profusion, in clusters, on the ends of anches, after t e ast, from the first week in t br ju throughout the month, and sparingly for the rest of the season. re pure whi te, the Stamens being ye ellow, from 1} to fully 2 f the Banksiarose. It is isquite hardy, with = e.excaption of its latest immature growth, which may be cut back to e extent, but sere an abundance of wood for free iswan 1is has prove d to be an invaluable plant for g anks, ally for use in cemeteries. Its ha siting evergreen looking foliage, i co he past, and its ga, habit of patting: render it a most valuable mg repre Po tot Advertised by ifr. Strong inthe summer of 1891. See Garden and Forest, iv. 44, 570. fig. 89 (1891). Rose, eos Halem. . G. Hill & Co., pee Ind. s like Marie — in form, color and e, but pro- Preis aouert with the freedom of a Tea. Color res non: beautial free flowering rose, and very fragrant. Hybrid Tea. Im- orted. — Bethe Clavel. 71. _ Astriped sport from old Souvenir de la Malmaison. Color cream white, with rose center; reverse of the petals striped with violet and light rose. Bourbon. Imported. = APs Basroger. Hi Bright carmine crimson shaded with blackish ia Very large. and of fine globular shape. Very free flowering. From Moreau- _ Robert, near Angers, France. Moss. see Auais for an 196 Annals of Horticulture. Rose, — of the oo. high ah deep, rose pink flower, darker than Herm A perpetual Scumee and haniky Originated pe Geo. W. Woaticuees Rutland, Vermont. — Commandante de Lamalignie. Dingee & Conard Co., West ad Pa. Globular flowers, extra large size, very full and beautiful ; pepe rich, asa ion red, elegantly flamed with scarlet; very fragra ye Pecpetoal. From Moreau-Robert, France. ‘See ANNALS ra 1890, 47. — Crimson Globe. Ai. The e grow wth is bold, the leafage ample, and the flower of large size, globular in form, and quite full, producing bloom in a oe a ice a glowing crimson. Hybrid Moss. Wm. Paul & So anes fein Fill. A seedling from La France, introduced from Denmark. This has all the good qualities of its parent, but is different in form and shape; looks more like a finely-built ahi te ing par - strong, vigorous grower, scan towers as freely a France. Hybrid Tea. — oe W. C. Strong, Waban, "ibe: his rose is . me ih bd Sertnoeipe by a Jac pecan se as of the Pike Arboretum, near ae nae bet n two quite distinct inca i. abso ey sieay for f the Japanese multiflora and the well known General Jacquem: catlnot, the latter being the pollen ‘parent. It was first exhibited February 1, 1890, as a po t-plant be- ore the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, and at once attracted marked att : iniature rose of deep pink color, quite full and very fragrant,” receiving a first-class certificate aw- w son again exhibited the same plant in a ten-inch pot in March, 1891, whi ad 7 and exceedingly fragrant.”” It hasa slight climbing habit — Edouard Littaye. 77. A strong, vigorous rose, after the general style of Madam Cusin. Flowers most abundantly : wade large, long, and of fine shape, full and double when open ; fre or rosy carmine, tinted light pink, often shaded with violet pink. Tea. French. — Elise Heymann. ia A vigorous, free flowering rose, producing quantities of mediu sized Senate color light yellow, winded with nankeen yellow, me ter rosy peach. Tea nch. — Frere Marie-Pierre. Seedling from Baroness Rothschild, having both the habit and foli- age of its parent. Flowersvery large and double, heolggoe singly ; color beautiful china rose. Hybrid Perpetual. Fre — General Berge. Hill. trong, vigorous growth, producing — finely satin alga of exquisite shape. Brilliant currant red, shaded silvery m , very fragrant and free flowering. Hybrid Perpetual. French Introductions of 1892. 197 Rose, pote Coote. John Briggs, Albany, Oregon. i edling from Louis Margottin. Plant of a a vigorous habit ; good substance; blooming season, early to very late; free from ew. More vigorous than W. Lund (which par — Grand Duchess Hilda. /fi/. Moderate in growth, but vigorous enough to produce nice flowering wood. Flowers have large outer petals; color nankeen yellow, with ochrecenter. Tea. Peach. | an ay, 5 a ge agenet. //7z/l/. Brilliant chids rose in color, with deeper shadings. A moderately a a producing abundantly of well-formed flowers. Hybrid mported. — jane Naboak and. Dingee & Conard Co. Solid, rich chamois yellow, center sometimes delicately shaded with coppery rose; very pastel astrong grower. Tea. Nabon- nand & Sons. See AnNaLs for 1890, = — Joseph Degueld. Dingee & Con Co. Color rich, ruddy crimson, scaatiais lightened with fine vermilion ry handsom agran red; v dsome and fra ; the flowers are extra large and of great depth and sweetness, having sna tn the form and fullness of the Centifolia or Hundred-leaved r ; the bush is a strong, vig- orous grower and good bloomer. Hybrid tal tens: Soupert & Notting, Luxemburg. See ANNALS for 1890 wl. man variety ; r pure ivory white. A large, full flower, magnificent in bud ; iian long and: bearing large, strong canes, with — Lady H. Gros FTill. be totiahe peed oat: large, full and eee Raised by the moi Mr. Henry Bennett, who are it highly. Thestock of this was disposed of to Wm. Paul & Son, who are now distribiGag “it. a — Madame ne ‘Veysset. (Striped La France.) two particulars—it 1s much stronger in growth, an the flowers are beautifully striped and shaded with a delicate white. The coloring is exquisite. It forces freely. Hybrid Tea. Imported. el. z se after the style and growth of Madame Luizet, but of a rer he brighter color, with more regularly formed petals. Hybrid Per petu nch. Melua Louie intiip ell. Strong and vi flowers large and well made, globular in form ; color deep wares rose, shaded with brilliant china rose in the center; very floriferous. Tea. French, 198 Annals of Horticulture. Rose, Madame ie Ducher. A7//. well formed bud, long and of a distinct shape and forr:; color a light canary eons ow. The first distinct Hybrid Tea. Strong, ro- bust growt French _- poe Veuve Menier. 777i. A strong grower, produci ng buds in great profusion. Pale, light rose, flower st good size, double, and very free flowering. Hybrid Tea. — a "Dickso LFiill. ose Sepeyabosgaaant white in ohne strong in growth, and bau file ‘aa The finest hybrid rose of recent Nghe Sent out by Alex. Dickson & Sons, of Belfast, Ireland. Winner of the prey medal for best new rose at National Rose Society's show in nasty ne cette ey ngee. Dingee dl Cona Rai uc ing and somewhat the form of Duchess of Edinburgh, but are alto- gether different myalion uch more striking. Marion Dingee is a strong, vigorous growe ith large, thick, deep green leaves; the flowers are large, beautifully cup- ne - soy — = borne in pro- fusion all through the gro the flow e borne nearly upright on long ates! ight stems, and a are ‘of excellent substance, om thick, leathery eager en ic long time ; the color is ee eep, bri iiiaat t crimson, one of the darkest, if. ot the very darkest and richest colored Tea rose. — ganas FTill. ers bright lemon yellow, with canary yellow centers; very fall tak with high centers; foliage pegs os nd thick, in color like Perle. This variety produces most ti s of immense size, and very double. Texture firm and “es sree Wm. Paul & Son. — Miss Wenn. ass & Conard Co. A clear coral pink, a most novel and distinct shade of color bo difficult to Ree tile The French call it china pink. Large, Sonbie and full, — ae oe nted. Tea. Guillot & som France. See ANNALS for 1890 os migpnene dian Carn Fill. pet dig rose, shaded silvery carmine. Hybrid Perpetual. Fr Say — chic soe 2 - Sarsina. —— - Conard Co. Fine flesh-colored rose of good form and substance; base of petals finely snged with apricot vow beatae age rich, peachy red. Tea. Soupert & Notting, Luxemburg. See Annats for 1890, 45- — Salamander. Flowers bright acarlet crimson, very vivid in summer, and a free autumnal bloomer. Hybrid Perpetual. Wm. Paul & Son Introductions of 1892. 199 Rose, ate Loubet. 771. arf but vigorous; very large, finely formed flowers: outer petals light, tender rose, center metal ge ie: a heightening some- times tocrimson. Very free flowering. Tea nch. dd. — Spenser. Az ; Flowers ge ae satin oak the hae kaye shaded and reflexed with white. ybrid Perpetual. Wm. & Son an or "SON. H. P. seedling from Louis Margottin. Vigorous in habit; leaves dark green and dull; flower medium in size, dark red, shadi ing to crimson ; flat in form ; a fall bloomer — Zenobia. Z Flowers fine satin rose color, yerhe a and pleasing ; buds finely mossed, and e oo fragrant. Roses, 36 varieties. | Salix, Vernost Russia. is is a most brilliant golden-barked tree, much more brilliant in color than the Golden-barked Willow (Salix alba var. vitellin na). All the branches wid of the most intense clear yellow, with tips in- clined to red. A tree of vi igen owth, and especially adapted for distant winter stiaate: of its bark in connection with other trees, and ey as well adapted for use sa pone a large tree of rapid growth is Probably the same as the Russian Golden Willow offered by some dea Salvia, Wm. Bedman. AHender A compact bush, completely covered with rich scarlet flowers. gum e occidentalis. Pilkington & Co., Oregon arf species 3 to 6 i a high, with fine clusters of white o moe in rie! ie Nati Sasi pinnatus var. niveus. Pitcher & Man ure bite sleet anthus. It is true that white flowers ae e been var. albus and Schizanthus anak pee ok by Schizanthus pinnatu florus var. albus » but the former a spotted with blue and the latter i llow Senecio y SAPO GA, or Erythrocheton palmatifidum. Manning. y deeply cut DS th Flowers deep orange yellow, ona tower- ioe phen op spike. Sidalcea seen pee & Co., Oregon. nse spikes of rose-colored small ‘flowers i in June. Satie: New Catillion Long- Standing. Farguhar, Boston. ig D m a ° Native. 200 Annals of Horticulture. Squash, Cook’s Favorite. Dveer. The skin is of arichcream color. It grt os a length of 20 to 30 inches and 6 tog inches in diam sie a vigorous grower, very pro lific ; flesh deep orange, extra fine grain; snpeelat for table use, for pies or canning, and excellent for anne i to feed to milch cows. — Der Wing. Burpee. 1 years ago, in connection with a plantsman, we sent an agent (a native Chinaman) to travel through the interior of China col- lecting seed of vegetables and flowers which he might Aisoover and : ; a A t which we could grow in Americ The majority of these, on testing at Fordhook Farm, proved to be undesirable irra Sear: gardens ne e€w squashes, however, whic amed ‘Der ing’ in honor of the discoverer, proved be oe very sinethet from any other we Vv en. u = go wae gest long from 2% to 3 inches thick at the end, ng toa point at the blossom end. : has arather hard and thick shell, ‘which is completely covered with warts: the colo dich * esh is a very light yellow ; the flesh is modetataty thick and v seit when cooked. Itisa queer- looking, Reared hard-shelled little squash. It is very Pies aure (Burpe — Ohio. Ford & Son. Ten to 12 inches in length and 3 or 4 inches thick near the blossom , end, tapering somewhat to the stem, and slightly curved ap the a size for baking whole. The color before ripe | is very dark gre nig he ren Ting it very attractive. Shell is — but very hard and flinty, making it an excellent keeper. Seed cavity very small, few seeds; flesh dark orange yellow, fine grained roa of excellent flavor. ‘Two sa o one of our patrons in this State sent us a seeds of this squash, ing: ‘ as been growing with w fatth ilies for many years in this neighborh w where it came trom. Have never seen any ment’on of it in any catalogue. (Ford. : pee Sees Manning. A low wing plant, teed aoe Pies foliage, vent a succession of svete. ph te orange crimson flow t foo etc. Stephanandra igh on lossy green snes and pure Oite « mall flowers studded along the branches i e. Allied to s Stock bai Lo 8 Son ise nek a Vick’ s —_ of robust habit, producing long massive spikes of beau tif fen. flowers of delicate Sdsanece: Remains in tein a fong _— “Pure. White Sila ee ) Dree This is a cross between the Ten coresie nd the Winter- flowering Stocks, and if sown in sonia: the plant commences to flower in the Lntroductions of 1892. 201 antumn much earlier gar any ys and, and continues flowering ss hout the winter with but t protection. The plant is of mpact, robust habit, producing pets from 80 to 90 per cent. of cate o white, double flow Strawberry, Dayton. Mattie Crawford, and others. A solid berry, somewhat darker than ek scent and six days earlier, y c ing the nner hie ee reg . flowered A chance seedling on * : : at of ayto hio Montgomery County (Ohio) orticdttnral "Soakety. at its aa meet- ing, 1891. — Edwards’ Favorite. 2. = adatgiat ee Col. The berry is a bright, glossy red o e, and carries its color throughout, and pve ian: & a ber ee is foaad thatisa little hollow The seeds are prominent. Single berries ruehiy measured as high as 9 irc erence. been eevee The plants are very Am us, make runners freely, and produce a perfect blossom. The plant comes into bloom several days vate than the Jucunda, Captain ‘pag vib Jessie. It isachance seedling discovered six years ago by the introducer, and is believed to be a seedling fro m Sharpless and Jucun — Belle of La Crosse. /. A. Salzer, ie Crosse, Wis., 1889 re). — Columbian. Columbia Strawberry Co., Fruitland, Tenn Originated from an u nknown ‘Source on the farm of — Robert- son, western Tennesse 7 , fully as productive. flowered. Fall of 1892. — Honey. S. LZ. Wa hoon pone Flats, Cad. A prolific, hardy berry, bearing throughout the growing season sweet, ext and aromatic, with perfect flowers. Said to be Pegi Chilen — Cader, Pitsals G. H. & J. H. Hale, So. Glastonbury, Connecticu Berries of perfect form, similar to the pointed end of a hen’s egg ; size, large to very large, and seldom any small or imperfect berries, 90 t. of the whole crop will grade ‘*extras’’; color a pale scarlet, similar to ibe land ; mild, id flavor; a aos — Greenville. £. M. “Buschhy: ‘Eroescille Ohio. Imperfect flowered. — acd Parker & Wood, and other. arge, of good form and color, coloring ‘evenly to the tips; early; ins stems tall and stout. Perfect flow — Murray. /. S. Westbrook, patents N. Cc. Imperfect flowered. 202 Annals of Horticulture. agcar viernel y Muskingum. Matthew Crawford, and others. en the suecis! regular and of good appearance; dark, glossy red ; firm Perfect edstondr nde anaes with Grant Kearns, Zarieseiile, O — Omega. Oakley " Apgar, Califon, New Jersey. — Porter. Dr. pss Rocky Point, North Carolina. — Price. /. S. Westbrook, Faisons, North Carolina. — Princeton Chief. # W. Poscharsky & Son, Princeton, gets A glossy, dark red igh with solid red flesh ; stems high a stout. Perfect flowere — Robinson. JB. F. ee th, Lawrence, Kan Offspring of Crescent, fertilized by Downing, by J. G Robinson, i t Mart te Co) a week latter than the Crescent, but continues in bearing as long as the latest Wm while the fruit is larger and of a superior quality. — Salzer’s Perfecti ohn A. Salzer, La Crosse, Wis. Thrifty rie pr healthy foliage; uniform size of berry; fine form an color excellent quality of fruit, firm, luscious and melting. It ripens with ae Wilson, but continues to bear longer, and is much — Southard. GH & J. H. Hale, So. Glastonbury, Conn. Fruit stalks stocky an nd long enough to hold the fruit well up from the ground; fully as productive as the Cresent while the fruit will average as ‘lar rge as the Sharpless. The central or first berries on each cluster are round; all se Seg are au more conical, very few of rough, irregular shape; c color a deep, rich scarlet when heavi vily shaded with the dense foliage, while with more sport cap by becomes much darker, with considerable gloss. It ripens early, matures pein its whole crop inside of 10 days. In flavor it is Sendai sub- tha dar of M. Southard, Lakevie — Siindle! i A. os: Hale ‘So ter tlearcll Conn. gp eid like the Down ue. Perfect flowered. Originated on w, Ohi ? owth somewhat resembles the Glendale, although with rather broader leaves; it is a more vigo neal grower than ither of n y Queen Glendale, and makes runners freely ; — branch freely ; fruit ripens late to very late; always large to ery large; rich, dark, glossy scarlet color; sprightly, high flavor, somewhat a but of excellent quality, firm and solid, and a ood agen ‘ates Ragin ral way, both plant and fruit resemble Gandy, only erage larger and of —_ color. Pistillate. ee tadaa be rsh B. Saeiias. Bradford, Vermon Introductions of 1892. 203 wberries, 18 varie clan foe Claude de Lorraine. maggcchire)ec Arash te Deep claret, turning " violet. From — Jean Bart. miedo Georgia. Deep rose. rom France. ~totine ghee Victor Hugo. Oakley Apgar, Califon, New Jersey. [Stra ieties.] — Léon Simon. “Berchmans, Georgia. Very long thyrse. Doubl From France. — Virginité. PTs: oe Pale rose. Dou From France. — oe Pi ee o Ge, Oe wers, very fragrant. Nativ iil Sue Biota. Thymus oer Manning. inga a inat of presets foliage, sprinkled with minute blue flowers. Keun a lanuginos us. Mann soe dg Seis a "dense covering of hairs. Flowers light blue nches — Neha er var. ‘albus. Manning. Ac Sreenens plant, forming f fine foliage, and producing broad of Tigridias, Blue, Pink, Lilac, White, Yellow, Red. A. Blanc, Philadelphia Tomato, BuGmor Prize-Taker. Landreth. A large, ape shaped tomato, smooth, solid, ripening en over, with- out core ; color red, with slight purple tint; very producti — ages Cee core, and firm a long time when The vine is of v vigorous growth, ae very whe Found ina eae of warhol at Belmont, Mass. — Early Michigan. Ferry, Detroit. The same as Early Red oS which was introduced in 1889. --- ahh 7 Age D. M. Ferry & Co., Detrott, nhs early, smooth tomato of m edium size and best ity. Introduced i in 1892 as Early Michigan. (See preceding ferrokaction st.) —_ Early Vermont. O. H. Alexander, Charlotte, V2. ross of Trophy and Essex, and earlier and more perfect in form than either parent; size and color of Trophy. 204 Annals of Horticulture. oe Gold Ball. Livingst so ager golden yellow wae of medium size and extra good quality ~- ee S Reraten of All. Wm. Henry Maule, Philadelphia. arly red,s toe ene rregela tomato, said be to 3 to 5 days gente ‘Yan any other v — Money Maker. spe a Foliage silvery and epi Fruit borne in bunches, red, flattened, slightly irregular in form. It has an — of character of fruit fitting it for roué shipments. Very ea — Picture Rock. S Fruit bright scarlet, of fair size, and it commences to ripen its fruit vere arly, and continues in patite until frost. Ripe fruit picked from the vines has been kept in perfect condition for 3 to 4 weeks during warm, one on wanted: It originated in the Picture Rock region of Wiscons — Plentiful. A. D. Fes & Co., Syracuse, NV. Y. Large, cere red, of fede flavor. Weighs 64 lbs. to the bushel. ngland. — T. T. T. or Ten Ton Tomato. Landreth. Poh deep red, large, round, half flat, smooth as an apple, free om green core or other imperfections; 20,000 lbs. or 10 tons to the acre, can readily be grown on any good tomato soi — Vermont Beauty. Alexander. Cross of Mayflower and Laxton’ sExtra Early. Very early, se ch red, solid. [Tomato, 12 varieties. ] eee rg eg a Bees Dre It grows a height of 5 to 7 feet, and i is s covered from June Scickes vith the brightest scarlet flow maginable, peerage richly with the small, pale, pea-green talage Imported. Saeco 20 = Land. andreth., » Sao “e ore for winter greens, destined to supercede the See more pas as productive of leaf for winter greens, with phe catitp sivextuin oF producing a large white root. — Early Ivory. Childs. Very early. _ it grows almost as quickly « as a radish, and to a great It is sweet, and in every respect of Matinee ath — Southern Prize. Z. R. Wyatt, Raleigh, N. C. Large, globular, pointed, purple above ; strong, broad foliage, ~— suits southern climate better than any other, Not strictly new, asl Lntroductions of 892. 205 \ was introduced here by I. H. Ennis, of cg Carolina Farmer, sev- eral years ago, but it has never been put upon d trade y- ) pyaar a es Pilkington & Co., Oregon. An evergreen species, with showy flowers and fine green leaves, Nativ Vancouveria hexandra var. aurea. Pilkington & Co., Oregon. Leaves evergreen and the flowers golden yellow. Native. Veratrum Californicum. Pringle & Horsford, 1883. Pilkington & Coa. x ae 1892. wy plant for moist places, 2 to 6 feet high, with large leaves a a og =e eof white, bell-shaped, drooping flowers in sum- mer, succeeded by ornamental pods. Native. cores Siagesbentd a. Harlan P. Kelsey, N. C. ight eel fall bloomer. Native. Veronica Jie rosea. Manning. i fotiatl piper oho showy flowers over a long bloe nag season in early au ; Mas bndie Ste lyssum) sin Saath Thorburn ly flowering yellow annual from Spain. Viola adunca Pilkington & Co., Oregon. speci® vie — leaves, and a great abundance of blue lowetei in spring. Nat — Hallii. Pilkington & Ca Oregon Six inches nigh with finely cut leaves and blue and white flowers in spring. Nat — ae sree var. tacit: Harlan P. Kelsey, N. C. Nati — ieee. Pilkington & Co., Oregon our to 6 oe high, with divided leaves and blue and purple flowers. Nat Violet, Double iiss Dre Pe ectly hardy hob blue violet, deliciously fragrant, deep fec n color, and very free flow Wilecucion. Gitatdea! s New Ras orite. Maule, Philadelphia. r almost doubles S in Leer the flesh is Boning = crisp and deliciously sweet. we aghes 60 and 70 lbs. to the ee dea rardea — Kansas ‘Sea soup F. Barteldes & Co., Lawrence, Kan. This melon w tered in ANNALS “g — p. 213, but the name of the Pe se 5 lenaeersensi omitted Originated i in F lorida by Gi- 206 Annals of Horticulture. Watermelon, Lone Star. Richard Frotscher, New Orleans. is melon is above medium, and very uniform in size; a prolific bearer, oblong in shape; the rind is of a mottled green ‘sad black color, somewhat like the Rattle snake, but of a da utd de si Sioa flesh is of a deep red color, solid, crisp and very sw was ea t from Texas by Mr. Nat. Henderson, of eore gine — Rocky Tr or rd. F. er 7 Co., Lawrence, Kan e. of | lshape, and thinrin id. which is very tough, 3 will prey any amount of Pitades handling. The flesh is bright red, and o cellent sarah Largely grown around Rocky Ford, Col., fee ioe purpos This variety me been sold locally for some time, but does not ap- pear to have been put upon the general market before — Salzer’s Defiance. ser. A round, white-skinned variety, somewhat resembling the well known Russian he ca but said to have come originally from China. It is extremely hardy debate ductive, and thrives well in the north; flesh pink and of delicious favor; rind thin, but very tough and ha rd. — Jones. Ebi of ie akin is solid green, and the flesh is a very bright ¥ ting. ed, cote ae sweet, juicy and mel It grows to a large size, frequently att Aen ight of 80 lbs. hape it resembles olb’s Gem, and like that variety is one of the best shipping sorts. Grown by Philip S, jones of Georgia — a Dwarf. pas et “ag others. of Turkish origin e 5 years ago Dr. Harris, of Philadelphia, distributed a few seeds, sata he procured er Turkey. It is early, and the vines are of dwarf habit, allowing it to stand at 1 least one- ‘third closer chan eiainace sorts. The quality is excellent. Willow. See Salix Zinnia, pati Doubic Variegated boliage: Dealer. A variety of the Zinnia elegans fl. pl. class, of clegant habit, bce ceiecing tia well-filled, and hele htly-colo wers. The age is beautifully striped in gold, aa atten: a aa and Radon aking it an excellent decorative plant. Known also as Dwarf Double-Striped Foliage zinnia, From Europe. American Kitchen Garden Vegetables. . 207 . AMERICAN KITCHEN GARDEN VEGETABLES. The following varieties should be added to the Catalogue of American Kitchen 106). Bran— scp (Carter’s White Ad- e). Deis Ss German Drumhead (Royal Ger- man Drumhead). Cattirr —— foe (Kronk’s Perfection poor Giant White (Salzer’s Giant ite). Standard Bearer (Carter's Red Standard Bearer). CucumBER— Astra (New ch ro). Bonneuil (Large White Bonneuil). ares Prolific iPerry: s Prolific). Garden Vegetables (ANNALS FOR 1889, They were in cultivation in America in 18 Q. Milwaukee (Currie’s Milwaukee ickle). Salzer Prolific (Salzer’s Prolific Pickle), War Club. White German. White Japan. Kou_t Rasi— Imperial (Improved Imperial). White Forcing (Early White For- cing) LETTUCE— Saunders. Sunlight (Salzer’s Sunlight). Tennis Ball Black-Seeded. ARSNIP— Market Model, $ 2. Lnventory of North American Apples. COMPARATIVE RECORDS OF THE PROGRESS OF APPLE CULTURE IN NortH AMERICA DURING THE CENTURY, AND A STATE- MENT OF ITS PRESENT EXTENT AND DIsTRIBUTION. n two preceding volumes,* attempts have been made to collect data for a statistical measure of the elements of Amer- ican horticulture. What was there attempted for the kitchen garden vegetables and the native plants is now undertaken for the apples ; and that some general view of the a ois of variation in the apple may be obtained, I have added co parative lists of earlier dates. I have taken four main ane points for the review of the subject: 1. The list of M’Mahon, which is the first eaaeats list with which Iam acquainted. 2. The list of Coxe. 3. Two lists of the Downings, which were the first and second attempts to cata- logue all the varieties on the continent. 4. A survey of the found various curious and interesting calculations. iessons which can Hei drawn from a numerical study of such lists are very ny; but aside from this ultimate value which I hope some skillful pen may 28 some future time de- rive from it, the list will serve a purpose in showing how many apples are now in cultivation cad where they are most prized, and what names have already been applied to them and which should not be duplicated for new varieties. I. M’Manon’s List, 1806. Bernard M’Mahon made a _ list of apples which he could mmend, in his American Gardener's Calendar, published in 1806 at Philadelphia. This. list contains 59 * Catalogue of American Kitchen Garden Vegetables, Annals for 1889, 106-149. Census of Cultivated Indigenous Plants, Annals for 1891, 216-275. (208) Lnventory of North American Apples. 209 varieties (the Newtown Pippin having been gnome sige twice). t is impossible to identify most of these apples with the names current at the present day; but I have made an at- tempt to give re names—in parentheses—by which they are known inour books. I have also endeavored to add the origin of the varieties. M’ Mahon’s is the earliest American apple list of consequence, and it has aah value in any comparative study of the seinen of fruit Summer Apples— a ae or Juneateing {White Juneating). Eur. arly Harvest (Early Harvest). : Eve Apple (Early Red Margaret ?). gees Summe g (Summer n 5 Queenin Queen). : eh Apple (Early Red peters?) ge King Apple. Bow A hae (Sweet Bough). Bustiey Gina (Old English Codlin) Eur. Sweet's Har Woolman's Heeveuk laces Rose). Am. Autumn and Early Winter hese Golden ee Summer : A ; ? Summer pple rmain (Summer Pearmain ?). Eur.? Lemon Pippin (Lemon agi tee Eur Fall Pippin (Fall Pippin). Autumn Pearmain (Autumn “Pe armain). Shippen’s Russet (Shippen n’s Russe : American re ee Pippin ? ‘ so ree Burlington Golden Reanet (Golden Reinette). Eur. Aromatic Pipp g Sheep’s Sno tha ? Scarlet Pearmain (Scarlet Pres Eur. Orange Vandevere (Vandevere). in Long-Keeping A ee _ Newtown Pippin (Newtown ee ks Am. J 2). Am.? Monstrous Pippin (Gloria Mundi). Am. Sean! any saben gag es _ Eur. Tooter ‘Apole | (Doctor 2). Aw 3 210 Annals of Horticulture. Long-Keeping Apples— oe Apple. Royal Russet (Rova 1 Russet). Holland ory (Holland Pippin), Eur. Late Golden Crafton A ig Apple (Quince). ssse Winter Leathercoat (Royal Rosco) Eur. Lo main (Loan’s Pearmai nl a is = sigs poe (Esopus Spitzenburgh Rhode Island —— as ine ode Island opened Am. Swaar per (Swa Yellow Bellflower (Yellow 1 Bellflower). Am. Redling (Cooper’ s Market ?). Cyder Apples— rie pepe (Harrison). Am. et “a ? Wace ts English eolaueck (Domine ?). Am.? Hughes's Virginian Crab (Hewe’s Virginia — Am. s ser odin 2 ewtown Pippi ge ieee ag Bippias. Am. igre Red Sw Yellow Sweeting (Yellow Sweet ?) Am.? John Apple. Eur. Il. Coxe's List, 2617, Willi of the Cubase of Fruit Trees in 1817. He adds full de- Hig? n ; selection of apples, ripening in successio , for the orchard of an admirer of fine fruit,” and this is so asad that I have included it here in full. Lnventory of North American Apples. 211 ‘* One hundred kinds of the most estimable apples cultivated in DO dod mWnWOmD et beet SP Pe OT QQ our country.’’ uneting or Jenneting (White Juneating). English. -rinces Harvest or Early French Reinette (Early Harvest). Am. en. sig (Sweet Bough Sum ueen (Summer Queen). Am. rade Saat lee os ¥ summer Rose (Summer Rose). ais arly Summer Pearmain faaecican Summer Pearmain). Am. gam bour d’E e (Summer Rambo). odling (Old English Codlin). ag. Maidens Blush (Maiden’s Blush). Am. “sehr oe “ iberian Cr ab), > Eur. ud@dA ne er umn ere Eur. dicts Cisb (eudlos ab) American Nonpareil iAuereat No ee il), Am. ‘all or Holland Pippin (Fall Pippin ?). Am i i ; N. j. m. Satline, or Gregson Apple Ne nae Am. Sinbee yy. a lola (Gloucester White). Va. Am Saati 3 English Pearse (Loan’ s Pearmain). Eng. r Romanite (Rambo m. Monstrous 5 Pippin or ‘ -Y. Gloria ee (Gloria Mundi). N. Y. Pomm hoe aay & pple). Fra A praronitch Bellflo wer oe Bellflower). Am.? Pound Apple (Nickajack ?). ie meri ee “se tt (Doctor). Pen r Hinchman Apple (Newark King). N. J. sell-ower ‘(Bellow er). N. Wine Apple (Wine). seat Dearie (Royal Pearmain BE ong Island Russet (L. I. Russet). . solden Pearmain Golden Sumer Rag. eg! forgan A hi s Russetting Guiope* s seo Penna. -sopus Spitzem berg (Esopus Spitz enburgh). ex L 5 Apple. Winter Pearesain "(Winter Pearmain?). Eur. Wish ot 1 cone aloe 212 Annals of Horticulture. Jersey, or ange ee Greening (R. I. Greening). Am. Os moe; Viol No-Fu alg (We at fiel d Seek- rah oe ?).. Am. pn aie Red (Se crivener’s Red). Cider Apple. Cann ar oe (Cans) Am, N. J. wkd ippin (Newark Pippin). Am Calsberian d mn oo Spice). N. J: Brownite (Brown Aunts Apple (Anse s shies le). Fenouillet Jaune, or Yellow Fenouitlet (Fenouillet Jaune). Eur. White Calville (White Calville). France. Red Calville (Red Winter gpa France. i ket ?). Am.? Black apple (Black. Apple e). Am Royal Russet or Leather-coat (Royal Russet). Eng. Rose Apple of China (Rose). Eur Sweet Pippin (Moore's Sweet) Vandevere (Vandervere). Am. Large Yellow Newton Pippin (Yellow phere Pippo). Am, Green Newton Pippin (Green Newtown Pippin). Michael Henry Pippin a gece Henry Pi oe es Long Island Pearmain (L. I. Pearmain). Am : W betas Greening dace’ s Greening). Am nette se. nna. Lady Finger or Long Pippin. Winter Queen ag gg 2). Am.? merican Pippin. farrison (American Pippi n). mpfield or Newark Sweeting (Campfield} j. Am. w ewes’s Virginia Crab (Hewe’s Virginia Crab). Am. oanes White Crab (Roane’s Whi — Va. olden gee a acager Reinet). Bae Vinesap (Winesap). saa e ( cmrkaas ay iseé, or French Crab (Beto) Eur. wichseren or tet ya ape n Winter "Blush (Tewkesbury Winter Blush), Am. rioting (Red Streak). : oopers Russeting (Cooper's Russeting). Am. nglish Nonpareil lea arta si ‘ather Abraham obs her Abraham). ourpendu. Fran ee ee eee ee ol. ladtat ae aprrrs om p> $2 Inventory of North American Apples. 213 : Fearns Pippin. Swaar Apple Guat Am. “<4 Selection of Apples, Ripening in Succession.’’ Table Apples— Junating. Ripens in ae and July. Princes Harvest. Jul = uly ih ; Summer Queen. July and August. Early Pearmain, ae fe and sence : Summer Rose. July and Augus Codling. August 2 and September. terest Blush. Septem Hagloe Crab, table and wee September. Catline. September Romanite, or Ra mbo. oe and October. Fall Pippin. October e d'Apis, or Lady Apple. December. Pen wa Decembe Tewksbury Winter Blush. December. Cider Apples— Hewes’s Crab. ee or Greyhouse. Wine Perea Se re, anes White Crab. Glowcester White. ae Cam Frese Pippin. oopers Russeting. Ruckmans carn 214 Annals of Horticulture. III. Tue Downine Lists, 1845 and 1872. The first edition of A. J. Downing’s « Fruits and. Fruit- Trees of America” appeared in 1845; the second revision, in the country. ‘*The country abounds with collections of all the finest foreign varieties,” A. J. Downing writes in his pre- face, and adds that «‘these foreign fruits have now been nearly all proved in this country.” For the purpose of allowing of a more accurate com- parison of the varieties of apples in favor in 1845 and in 1872, I have also transcribed the varieties from each edition which were specially recommended by the authors. Abbott. American Golden Pippin. Am. Abbott’s Five Sided Spice. Ameri Golden Russet. Am Abbott’s Sweet. N.H American Nonpareil. Am. Abram. S. States, American Pippin m., Acklam’s Russet. Eng. American Plate. m. Adams. Penna. A n mer Pearmain. Am. Adams Pearmain. Ananas. : Agate d’Enckhuysen, Hol. Ananas de Liege. Belg. Agathe. Hol. Angle. nes’s. Penna. Anglo-Ameri Cc Ailes. Penna. Archidue Antoine, For Akin’s Winter (Crab). Minn. Aromatic Carolina. S.C Alant. Ger. Aromatic Russet. Eng. Alexander, Russ Ashland. Ohio. Alfriston. g. Ashmead’s Kernel. Eng. Allemand. Ger. Ashmore, Am. en’s Choice. Penna, Asterus. Eng. Allen’s Pippin. N, Astrachan (Crab). -Hallows. Ireland Augustine. m All-Summ Penn Augustus Pearmain. Eng. Allum. Aunt Anna. 0. Alsace, Penna. Aunt Hannah. Mass Amelia. Eur. Aunt’s Apple. American Beauty. Mass. tS ’s Favorite. Mo. Inventory of North American Apples. Austin Sweet. Penna. Autumn Golden Pippin. Eng. Autumn Pearmain. Autumn elgg Penna, Autumn Rose. — Seck-No-Fanther (Seek-No- Perro Sweet Bough. Am. Autumnal Swaar. Am. Autumnal Sweet Swaar. Am. verill. onn, Baccolinus. S. Spe a © S © ©, ° aa n w = n 2 go ic h. achelor’s Glory. ] ackhouse’s Lord Naleh. Eng. Baddon Pippin, Bailey’s Golden. Me a ey’s Spice. ailey’s Sweet m Baker. Conn aker’s Sweet. New Eng. Baldwin. Mass. or hides Sweet. Am.? alm nas a tim a cae te Asem Am. ’ conga ar. pat eg “Penn arcelona Pearm main, Barchard’s Seedling. Eng. ark Apple. Eng. Barnham’s P eenggs Conn, arnhilt. arre arrett. oe pn eg Am. arton’s Tnccuperabie. Eng, auman’s Reinette. moe axter’s Pearmain. ee eee oo jal ed feed eet bed teed | nr Sweet. a of Kent. ae eauty of the West. edfordshire Founiting. "Eng. seefsteak. Belle d@’ Angers. "Mar: Belledge. Eng. Belleflower Pippin. Ml. Belle-Fleur, ct is piano elle Gridelin ue et Bonn Belmont (Wasen peti). Penna. elpre e Keeper. — Pippin. Eng. Mas senrsill sSw va en well’s Libra ‘Eng. ere Court Pippin. Eng. Bishop’s Bourne, et oe Annette. ots Apple. Am Blac aK CC al. Bick oS OM Am, Black Jack. Ohio Black Oxford. Me. ack War Ala. Blackstone Walley Sweet. Mass. 5 ake Vt. Bland’s Jubilee. Eng. Bleckensderfer. Ohio. Blenheim Pippi £. Blinkbonny an Blockley. Penna Blondin. Ind Blooms Orange. Eng. e Mountain. _ t. Am.? Pen oalavake- Penna. Bohan Ky. Heuke Virginie. Bel. Bonum eC, Borden’s Early. vitsky. Russ. 215 216 Annals of Horticulture. orsdorfer. Ger Borsdorf Ognon. Ger. peoina Botign Bel : ttle Greening. E. States. Bou Foreign. owyer's Russet. Eng. d cotnels Sweet. Va. oxford Brabant ‘Bellflower salen s Pi reais Eng. pekiey: Seedling. Eng. Bridge atc f+ Eng 4 ch abe se ie rinckiay Whi ite Sweet. Bringewood Pippia. Eng. ristol. Am ristol Peariiain Eng. ery Sw Brookes’. France roughton. Eng rown. Penn Brownite Am rown Kenting. Eng ] hides Russet. Eng. Bucks County Pippin. Penna, Buel’s Favorite UCL Se ere uff “on ve $ Early. Penna. Burrell’s Red. sh dnc ibe g "Mass. ae bee Pen Bush's Beauty. os 1 ushwhacker tes 3 utter. Penn ssa s Sweet. Byson Wood itusset, Eng. Cabashea. retitongh itead. Am. Galville Blanche a ey s. France. Calville Rouge de Micoud. — nce. (Calville, White Winter, is White Calville eee Sg Se. yambusnethan Pippin. Scot. Ohio. nc Reinette, Eur. wt Creek Sweet. N.C. ( _ Pearmain ( anterbury inate.” “Por. apital. dr s Pisahent way Russet. Eng. arolina weet. ( { Caroline. Eng. Caroline F 5 A Caroline hio, Caroline Auguste. Belg. Carpen Ohio. bee pagar? hi ‘Reinette. Ger arter’s = ag Sasen Carver. Cary’s eemeet Case. Am.? Cash Sweet. Castle Major. Eng. atf: athead Sweet. Catline. Md. ato. Md. 08 na S. States. oe Cedar OPalle. NT C. Celestia. onic. Cellini. Inventory of North. American Apples. 217 hallenge. Ohio. Conneit’s Sweet. hampaign Reinette. Foreign. Contin Reinette. Scot vandler. on onwa. . Penn. ‘ook’s Red Winter ooneny Pavonis. Mass. A hase’s Seedling. Me. ae s Early ahem Am. hase’s ia Sweet (Crab). ooper’s Marke hattahooch Ga, ooper’s Russeting. N75 herry ( rab) oral (Crab). heltenham. Penna. { nenange Strawberry. N.Y. : ney. ornish Aromatic. hestaten, 8 States. hes ( eese. Penna. Cora. ( oa beng Russet. Corlie’s Sweet. ( ( paatee Scheer Eng. Chester Spitzenberg. Penna. Vaas. . hestoa. S. States. ard. Eng. : otsville Spitzenberg. Ohio. Chicago (Crab). Am hief Good. ourt Pendu de Tournay. Hol, hristiana. Del. court Pendu Plat. France. Christie’s Pippin. Eng ourt Pendu Rose. France. hrist’s Gold Reinette. ‘Ger. ourt of Wick. ronical. Ind Cowarne Red, Eng Churchill Greenin Cowarne’s Queening. For Church’s Late weak, Ss. — Coxe’s Orange Pippin. Eng. itron des Carmes. Fran oxe’s Pomona ng. nen Reinette. racking. Ohio apper Flat. N. Y. ram or Kr ara ade Eng. ranberry. S. ‘States. arke. N. Y. ranberry Pippin. N.Y. ( arke. Pearmain. N.C. ranberry Russet. Am. arke’s Delaware. Md. rawfor arkson. ich. ( rawford’ 's Keeper. Ohio. Claygate Pearmain. Eng. ray Pippin. Eng. Clayton. Ind. Cray Cleping oe ( reed’s Mari igold. Eng a coe ng. ( reede’s ‘guittenreinette, Ger. reek. i ste + Golden Pippin. Foreign. ‘ rPearmain. Ind. reeper. ( oan: Beanty: N. Yv rego Red "ste ak. N.Y. obha En Crimson Gencune. Eng. obout jg | in. En rispin. Coc re e. oe land. . rittenden. Ky. { ockle E Pippin. ng rofton Pippin. Ireland. ocklin’s vida ‘Penna. Crook’s Seedling. Ind. Coc ( ropety s pee. Tl. : E rotcher. 2e's Gaiden Dn oe zi row Egg. Ind. or Ky. ( ole. En row Egg. S. ence, { olumbian. Am. row Nest. Ohi Colvert. Am . ullasaga. N. C., Conant’s Red. ng ae S. States Sonetan Me gg X ‘; ‘ a me Pe Saenoage, 9 Senne Gontecceat £ Summer Sweet. Am. Cumberland Spice. -d. 218 Annals of Horticulture. ( tear (Crab). Curry’s Red Winter. S. States. ( i States. ut Pippin. — Dahlongea. s. inte, Dahlton ame Toautoris, France. Dana. Ohio Dana Greeni ] wer p Striped Sweet. Ohio. an Danvers icons Wout Mass. Dappe ‘ arling Ptvgin. Eng. Darlington. Ohio. ] artmouth Sweet. Mass. avis. ich. Davis’s Sweet. Ohio cabs Cluster. Ohio. ® ©, a) oa 3 ct e) = on ro) J ] Ss I vatenhy b ne Devo e Que ] evonahire Red 'Sirbake "Eng, Devonshire he leona Eng. iks j Dickson’s eet eror. Scot. Deil’s Balneita Belg Dillingham. Sian! Reinette. Ger. Disharoo Dobb's R Kernel Golden Pippin. Eng. Doctor Fulcher Ky. ham’s Pippin. Eng. me Tenn. Domine. ee mea Seedling. Flowering mas 4 Double White Siberian vrers Doux d’Argent. France Dowell’s Pippin. Eng. - Downing’s Paragon. Th. De Saint etroit Black tenia Sachem). ‘Am. Padua (Crab). Downton Pippin. Eng. Dow’s Winter Pippin. N. Y. Dra ‘ ur. Dredge’s Fair Maid of Wishford. Eng. Dredge’s Fame. eign. Dredge’s Golden Pippin. For. Duchesse de Brabant. Eur. tt. S. Stat uffield rigs Penna Halder. Duke of Bea antore nai Kur. Duke of cote hire, Dulce Dom Pe oa ] umelow’s s "Glesdline. Eng. Duzenbu N; ¥. yer (Pomme Royale.) France ? arly Chandler. Early Harvest. Am arly Joe. a arly Julien. Scot, arly Long Stem, Am.? arly Marrow. Sec arly Nonpareil. Eng arly Nonpareil. Am ar nock. ar ueening arly I Margaret. Eur. Early Red Steak. Early Red Sweet. Penna. arly Ripe. Am arly Spice, Eng. arly Strawberry. 6 arly Sweet, Ohio. arly Penna arly Tart Harvest arly Wax. Eng. arly Yellow Reinette. For. aster Pippin. , ast Grinstead. Eng Eaton. N.Y. Edel Koenig. Ger dgar’s. w bf s. Bee mags For. Egyptian Belle. Am. ptian Russet. Am. on Pippin hal Elford Pippin. licke’s Winter Braet. Penna. Li glee Ellis. Inventory of North American Apples. a ayy S 3 Fh oe eror. Enes Winter Sweet. S. States. Enfield Pear English Hesse. English Crab English Gilliflow English Granat Reinette. Ger. Englis — a English Rus English Sweet (Ramsdell’s Sweet). psy. Vt. Eptings Premium. s.S es Red loi S Sashes. 52, Evening Party. Penna, Ewalt. Pen Excel. Conn, Exquisi Tiyera’ Gebenin ng. For. A aca! er, Scot. Jenneting. dimbertwig. Orange. Mass. bongge Seat 1 Se Pee No: Panther. Am.? ce Vt. all Winesap. W. States. ] a Gusta ng. Fameuse (Pomme de Neige). Family. Ga. —— Se ee France? ] arlelgh Pippin. Eng. ‘a + adage: aig Ky. Father. N. : reg N. C. Favorite. K Fay’s Rus gr bathe Re n. Eng armain. Eng. Feder Fells ‘Winter Sweet. Am. : enouillet Gris. enouillet Jaune, France. France. enouillet Dae France. erdinan S.C. Ferri he erris. Del. ield. Penna. in Ohio. irst and Last. Eng. shkill eating: Noy: pally Seedling. N.H. ake s Fall. Penna hot. N.Y desconte "8 Golden Pippin. Am. N diac ae Thaw. Penna. remont Pippin. Penna rench. New Eng.? rench Bellflower. France. rench Crab. Foreign rench Nonpareil. nch Pippin. ? rench Reinette. France “yench Russet. Foreign Hac paeash* S t. ss. ar. Eng. Frisland Reinette. Ger. Frouclin. Penna, 220 Annals of Horticulture. ront . Am, ‘ullerton Sweet. Am. “ulton, i ieee Strawberry. Til. { abel i aesdoriker ae Reinette. Ger. . Am.? arden Royal. Mass. rden ipe ae Eng. @ALUMCL ardner’s obiomapes kes wtatly, { ault's Bellflower. Am.? France Seer Ceene Crab). Am, General Haskel Genesee Chie : ae Geneva Pippin. N. Y Gentle’s Large Red. ( Ohio Géwies: Good. — Giant. Penn Va. Gipson’ 8 Kentucky. Ky. Gladney’s Red. Miss. Glanz otaa te. Ger leason Sweet. Glendale. Ohio. Gloria Mundi. Am Glory of England. Bur, Glory of the West. Eur.? Q °o Co = ® o> ar Pippin. Boot: Golay. Ind. Golden Harvey. Eng. Golden Knob. Golden Pippin. Am. Golden R N. Golden Reinette. Eur. t Pearmain, WN: Y; N. J. estreifter Sommer Zimmetapfel. Golden Reinette of Vanderlaans. Golden Ru sset. Eng. or Russet of Massachusetts. ( olden Seedling. Mo. Golden tag Eng. old Reinette vain Bordeaux. Eur. oodyear. Pen Gooseberry. ~g Gooseberry a e~ bey Gould’s Sw Am overnor. overnor Charter. Am. racey. Grand — is Detroit Black). range. range’s Peale: Eng. ranite Beauty. N.H. raniwin J. rann ravenstein, Ger. reat Unknown. Am. ele lee a PN Gar ar ap ae s a Am. (Newtown oic Green Seek-No-Further. N.Y Green Sweet. ss Green Sweet of Indiana. Am reen Tiffin. Eng reenup’s Pippin. Eng. cock. Eng. rey Canada Reinette. rey French Reinette. For. ti eat rey Leadington, Scot. rey een rance. rimes’ Golden EP cr Va. eS he Sw ‘ros rosh. Penna. shee Am ( ravers. Early. Penna, ( «rand Pippin. Eur. Guillet ( miige, H Haborsham’s Decnieid. Crab. Eng. nee a oa, Han. Pen led | het ampton’s Late Sweet. Seti Hampton’s oo Siberian (Crab). Ohio. an aah. anwell Souring. Eng. ] — ee Eng. argreave's socks Sweet. Eng. nish, waar arrison. N. J. arry Sweet. Penna. Hartford Sweet bss} Inventory of North American Apples. Eng. amilton ampton’s Honey Sweet. Ohio. “ onn. meth chy nee waahenss Am, arvey’ 's Pippin Eng. arvey’s Wiltshire adage Eng. Haskell S Haute Fo peace. awley. N. Y. awthornden, Se ay Feige tous 2 ector. elen’ Sieroter Ohio. emphi aN: Hewe’s Virginia Crab. Am, ewitt’s eet. ick’s. 46 jester. Pe Higby Sweet. Ohio Highlander. Hightop. In Hightop Sweet. Mass Hill’s Favorite. Mass Hill’s Sw ilton. N.Y. Hinnersley. Penna. ve Morning. Hobb’s Sweet. Penna Hockett’s Sw Hodge’s Lim bertwig. Ww. States. ? Hog Island Sweet. Zar pil Victoria. Eng. m lady. Va. and bur y: bg ng. Eng. New low Crown Pippin. a S 222828882298 — a) 5 Am. earere —— tga oe 1 oney Guanine Ww. States. neh Sweet. Ohio ooker. ae yg opper. S.C. orn a Pearmain. Eng. Ss. ao Howard’s Bieiiont. ge Hubbard. 4 ] ubbard’s Pearmain. Eng. ubbard’s Sugar. N.C ubbardston ne veg Pippin. ughes. ughes’ Golden Pippin. pee: New Eng Mass. unt. an thioiniies Eng. coir hs Connecticut. Am. un ux g. unt’s ; Duke = Gloucester. unt’s Russet urlbu Eng. eson. Ky. atehivon's Winter Sweet (Crab). Hutton are. Eng. land Bea sc of erent Y oippln. Eur. sleworth Crab. 222 < € ¢ od « « « « . . . ss = = Rose. ass, aber Sweet. Italy. ane. ewett’s pacha th ON. H; oel. ohn Secs ° =| n i} B NE. oe d n uicy Bite. Penna ulia sie States onalus N.C; aighn’s Solteantuvel: N. J. ane. el. eddleston Pippin. elsey. Penna. elsey Sweet. ennebec Rus Me. roi s Red Winter. Bas Penna. enn sof (K Kenrick’s Autumn). ent. O aS ish ouding oe ont h Fill-Basket Eng Kikita Mass. ~ Annals of Horticulture. King Tom, S. — A ei Penna. Ger. Ger. Ponte’ 8 Tulnette, Krauser. Penna Krauter Reinette. Lab Lady Blush. Lady Boy be several varieties, pro- bably foreign. 4wady Haley’s Ronsuch: Am, y of the Wemyss. Scot. uady’s men en uady’s Fancy. 4ady’s Seeditng.. ‘Peape: y’8 Sweet. inal 8 oe Cia: y Pearmain. Eng. g. Penna, Lancaster Sweet. Am 4ondon uane’s Red Streak. Tll. Mass. Late hig uate Win Lat she ie Lauren’s Greening. Ga. uawver. Leaver. se Siates wee Sw Leicester veithemer ‘Streiting. "Ger. seland Spi vemon Dow: ag esher. Venea. “ewis. Ind. uewis’s Incomparable. Eng. ae Ohio. : aebes Twig. Am. Inventory of North American Apples. ieee oe Pippin. Eur. Lindenwal 5 Peer main. ] pagwuier’ Nonpareil. Eng. London Sed og Eng. Lo e Long Island Pippin. os rena Russet. pose s Red bg ea uong Start. 4ong Stem, several kinds, probably all America Va, Lovett’s weak Maas. airhite Lowre Que Am Lacs 8 Savy. Toe. Lucombe’s Pine Apple, uyman’s Lavoe ‘Sam Am —. : Pumpkin seid is Pumpkin Loans s Steet. Conn, Lyscom, Mas Mak fec's Nonsu Ate a cCoy’s in. Penna. McDaniel McDowell's Sweet. N.C. McHenry. Mackay Sw McKinley. In Maclean’s Favorite. Eng. McLellan. Conn acomber ons heen Mass. Maiden’s Blush Maiden’s Blush (Grab). Maiden’s Favo aj nna. Mala Carle. S. Eur a, tates. Mammoth June. Ky. M n. nna. Mangum. §., States. 223 Mank’s Codlin. Eng. sagen Shey Pearmain. Eng. a sfield Russet New Eng. arble Sweet. Am arch’s Red Winter. Ohio. eee (Crab). Il. _ ia Bush. Pct ns arks armalade Pippin, Eng. n Ee DNm aw Bee a EEE ae @ } eer Ohio. Red Winter. Nw. artis. “Ono? rE Nonpareil. Eng. aryiand Beauty. Am, i] oa RES oc UE gS co sag ‘Swoek. S.C. axey. rea ‘Seek: No-Further. Am. ] eader’s| Winter (Crab). eadow ear’s Sibi ‘Ohio. eister. Penna elon. et elros Seo elt in the Mouth — — n Sw Mas — For nisten Retnette. Ger. ] enstield Calville. Eur. are de Ménage. Eur. NY. Middle. Middleboure Reinette. Hol. atechall pranks Eng. nier’s Dae: Eng. 224 anobelica, Eng. Cy Molasses. onk En on h Pip N. J. onstrous Ra eon ontalivet. Montreal Beauty (Crab). oore. oore’s E Ohio Moore’s Greening. Conn. Moore’s Sw Murphy. anny. Eng. sohe gg Ala. ctar. N.C. ba: Paes: Oooo edle. For. eisley cre a hil Ohio. elson. ] placn’s Codiin. Eng. ] uassa. Neversink. Penna. Newark King. N. J. wark Pippin, A New Late Pine. Be ive ew Lo. New steed tines Aas n. Eng. Vewtown Pippin is Green Newtown Newtown ‘Dotter. N.Y Nichols Sweet. Annals of Horticulture. Nickajack. S. States. Neiman’ s Red Reinette. Ger. Nix Green. Ga. Noblesse de Gand. Nonpareil (Old Nonparet). Nonpareil Russet. (Nonpareil, Scarlet is "Beowtek Non- pareil.) Nonsuch. Eng. Norfolk: Eng. Nottingham Pippin. For. vibes Se ry. Mas Oblong-Pruited wae ag (Crab). ete nee ab Oxdensburgh IN Ohio Tomuarbit Am. Ohio Pippin. i Ohio Red Streak. Am.? Old Town Pippin. Am.? Olive. For. Olive "6. Coane, Pasha. Eng. Orange. Sie wa Oran oe Orleans Tineke. For. Orndorf. Ohio. Orne’s s Hacly, For Ortley ( age toa White; Woolman’s Oslin. Scot. Osterley. Bn. Reinette. For. Ostogate Overman’ s Bweek: Tl. Inventory of North American Apples. 225 yviatt. Ohio. . Penna. xnead carte sei Eng. x Sweet. adley’s Pippin, ‘Eng. Panden ark Spi arrot Reinette. For Pere s Sweet. Am.? Pawpaw h awsan, Eng. each. J esse conn be. a ear. Pearsall’ eeweet. Nay: >earson’s Early. Am. earson’s Plate. Eng. 7eck’s Pleasant. R. I. a Bsg am Sweet. Mas J] oo ogre 9 mee oo emo Pen nsylv viata Sweet. People’s Choice. Penna ge Pigeonette. Pigeonette de Tait. Eur. Piketon nae “ worn Piles Russe Pine Strawberry. Am Pink Sweeting, Penna. > inner. a oneer. Penna. >itmaston Nonpareil. Eng. -itmaston Pine Apple. ne ittsburgh Pippin. Pen . att’s Sweet. Vt. um. Polish. Mas: Polly Bright. “Va. pic a 2, ] aden ri Reinette. ore Am 7ennsylvania Wine Sic Am. Golden Pippin. Eur. fy easant Valley Pippin. Am. Pomeroy. Am. Pomeroy. Eng. Pomero (Pomme de Neige is rameuse. ) Pomme Grise. For (Pomme Royale of first edition is ion: ye neal Porter r Gpltsabonsh Conn. sg a Reinette. Tor. Posey: A Posteley Potter's Large. Eng. Ky. Pound Sweet lacvaral varieties) . Poveshon. N. J. Rta tus, Eng. Pow Ohi N. H wlio De Fay’ s Dumonceau. pee Penna. Press Ewing. Se Priestly. Pes Prissts Beees. Mass. imate. Am Princely. Pe Prince of Orange. For Princesse For Princesse Noble see Chartreaux. or. Prinz. 4 Progre Conn Prol Howous Heinette Eng. Prolific Beau Ohio, Prolific Swe oa p. Penna. Pryor’s Red. a Pucker End. mpkin pe n) n - kin Swe n’s . eral varieties. Am Putnam Harvey. hn. 4 Putnam Keeper. Ky. 226 tnam ewan is gad Russet.) Putnam Sw Ohio ueen of the Cippins. For. ueen of the Valley. Am e. (Ramsdell’s Sweet is English Sweet.) ] Pa oh Best. Ohio? d Mo. ] nie Bas avelston Pippin. Scot. awle’s Janet, : we Red Streak. Eng, eb dand Foi Sweet. “4 ple. = ed Astrachan. ed Autumn Calvitie. ais ed Folge ee na s BS py 22 of 28 Ar $2, BOEB £8 Q = \ ‘LM iz Bay va 5 e ed Horse. i] = &r Qs 6 3 — Republican ed Bon erent ie Roa Seek-No-Further.. oo m (Crab ). W: or Red Winter Calville. France, Red Winter Pearmain. 8S. States. Annals of Horticulture. Red ie Sweet. Am. ag ae @’ Espagne is White panish Reinette. Jalvi F tte Q " France. ‘Ger. Robinson’s Pippin. Eng. Robinson’s Superb. Va. Robinson’s Sweet. Vt. = a-are Reinette. For. Rock Pippin. Ohi eke sha a wee Mass. Rock Rolen’s 5 Roe Ohio? Rollin Romanite. Ss. eee Roman Stem Rome Beauty Aner Rosa. Fran Rose. cocoa For ud’Automne. For. Hous Calville. France. Inventory of North American Apples. Rose ne cies i For. Rosemary. Ross Nonpared. Rostoc Ger Ros Am Rouen Transeatecd (Crab). Round Winter Nonsuch. For. Rowe. Eng. Roxbury Russet "Teland! (Putnam Russet). ass, : Royal Pearmain. For. Penna. or. Rules § fer pat Sweet. olal Sutin "De Saint Julian). For. St. Law Am ee Sauveur. France. alvpien Pippin. Eng. am Young. Sgr oe oa N.C. arakata — France. avage’s Cheese. Ga. avewe N Y. awyer. ve awyer Swe Scarlet Gratton. Treland. carlet grein Spa Scot. nb ‘Nonp Pearmain. Eng. oartet Sweet. Ohio. carlet Tiffing. Eng. chaffer’ . Early. Poaek. Schoonm Sahpereios 1 Golden la Eng. Sciota Beauty. Scollop Gil Hower: t. Eng N Y.- “Eur, Scotch Brid Seedle: Vt. ea No-Further is Autumn Seek-No- Further.) Seever. ee Belliower. Am, Selvrooa's : Reinet Eng. Septem Sitar s sRwect. haker Gre “Mass, ening. N,H Sh . Sharpe’s Greening. “N.C. Shee Lear several varieties, pro- bably Ameri hell. hepher va s Fame. nowy Crab). sera sisi Penna, om. oh Wiliam Gibbons. Eng. eepine Be auty. For eight’s Lady on ge N. he lingerland Pippin. . N.Y ey mall’s Admirable. For. mith’s Cider. che mokehouse. Pen Senate | Oley. sc S Spice Russet. "Chi Spice Spo ponge, | hyo jarleiian. apeing Spring G Grove Godlin. Eng. Spring P N.Y. Squ ire’s Greening. Eng. , Staats ts’ Sweet. N. J. Stack. for gp Penn Stamf he Pippin. Stanard. N. Y. “jeng. 228 Stanle Stanley’ s Winter Sweet. — N.C r. Am. Shark. Ohio. Me. Starr. N. J. Star Reinette. Beig. Steel’s Sweet. Ohi Stirzaker’s Bary sate Eng. Stoc won tone Pip jonewall Packs S. States. or Eng. cea Am. Hol. Si agi | Pippin, " Monstrous Reinette Eng. triped Porte = ba bong ra b). triped rPearmain. Ky.? ‘roat. es trode’s Birmingham, Penna. r tump. Del. ‘. urmer Pippin. Eng. Stymus. oo a ag ht Surere Beauty. gi Sugar and Brandy. ag Suga if Pi For. Pen ee Hight Mass. uisse Summer Bellflower. N. Y. Su moar 2g Bellflower of pias (Mornin Summer Broaden. Eng. Summer Cheese. Am.? Summer Golden Pippin. Eng Summer Hagloe. Am Summer Harvey. Sum: Janet. I Summer Pippin. An. Summer Pound Royal. Am. Summer Queen. Summer Rambo (Rambour France). Summer Red Calville. France. Annals of Horticulture. ummer Red Streak. N. Y. ummer Reinette. Ger ummer Rose ummer Sweet ummer Sweet liye ten Penna ummer Thorle ummer apis Calville. For. uperb. ©: superb woot Mass rprise. Eur urrey Flat Cap. For usannah. m.? usan’s Spice. Penna, Sutton Beauty. Mass. waar. ne wasey. Ohio weeney Nonpareil. Eng. weet and Sou weet Baidwin. weet Belle B weet Bolianwer. “Ohi weet ge again’ of Wyandot Coun- ty ; we : Doone: Penna. Sweet Fall Pippin. Am. Sweet Greening. Sweet Janet, Ind. Sweet Kin, Ney. Sweet Mar Tenn Sweet Pear. Ohio. Sweet Pearmain. Ohio? ippin Sweet Queen. ove Sweet Rambo. Pen Sweet Ribbed Gilifiower. Conn. Sweet Romani . States. Sweet Russet. Am Sweet Russet of " Massachusetts. Am. Sweet Russet ae Kentucky. Am Sweet Seek- oe N, A weet Win ter Pennock Ohio. Swiss Reine wae ouse iusset. “Eng. sy jae \! Table Greening. Me Talman’s Sweet. F Tardive de Joncret. Belg Tart Bou en . $s. Ten Shillings. For. Tenterden Park. For. Inventory of North American Apples. 229 Terral’s Late. S. States. Tetofsky. Russ. Edi at’s gz. For Tewkesbury Yh eal Blush. N. J. Them’s Red Str Am . New Eng. N. “ inmouth, itus vs oe occoa. oker’s Incomparable. Eng. olbert. Pen “N.Y. Eng oole’s Indian Raredipa: Am. ower of Glammis. Scot. ‘ower’s d-lags § Boba: wnse rader’s Fancy. B ao F5 ea ° Lae] y? Am an de cones uscaloosa, Ala. mre pes Sweet. Ky.? tt. wenty Ounce, Am. win, Am. : witchell’s Sve N. H. Tyre Bea Tyroler Pippin, Switz. Uncle John, Penn Vandervere Pippin. Tandy Van Sans Reinette. Eur. : vernnenid's Smiling ale For. -Vaughn’s Pippin. Eur. Vaughn’s Winter. Ky. \ eau.. For. Vermilion Royée. Fra \ Lecce Helnatis. ictuals a ink, N. loletta irginia Greening. Sad States. irginia mi pg Travis. J. irginia pic a Winter. si States. bash. Pen addell Hall. "Ss. States adhurst Pippin. Eng agener. ager s Yellow. Ga. alpo aittaa Abbey. Eng. ei: Eng a a. arner’s King. or. a pote Roy aber ss as ass. M aanitgton Strawberry. Cal Ags ashington Sw Mas augh’s Cra ax. axen. Vaxren Ap is Belmont.) pee Been De ROS ae Be ee ee ee ee ae ee Ee ae ee eee ee ee ee UE ae ha” a ae” eee Weal V anieeré Favorite: Mich. Webb’s Winter. S. States. ba degrade Yellow. Va. West rn Spy. Ohi Westfield Seck-No-Purther. Am. West Grinstead Pippin. Eng. Wes Wheelei's Extreme, Eng. er’s Russet. Eng. Wheeler s Sweet. Ohio. Ble Astrachan. Russ White Beauty. Ohio. White Calville (White Winter Calville), Wh White Pippin. ‘Am. White Rambo. Penna, 230 White Romarin. Italy. a gem Ireland. h Reetndite (Reinette agne). Spain. "N.C, Ohio. White Virgin. For are we Sweet, ite ). 1 Penvdati, Am. Whitmore’s Pippin, For. Whitney Am. Wickham’s ,Pearmain. Eur. Whitman i m : Wilson’s Volunteer. Am. chell Sweet. Conn. ndham Russet. Mass. 4 el. esap. Am. ng Sweet. N. Y. nn’s Russet. Me. nter Codlin. — dddddeyyse LEE B t i several va- rieties, peobabiy foreign. 1,856 varieties : unknown. 1,099 American ; 585 foreign ; Annals of Horticulture. Winter Harvey. E. Sta Winter Hogg ty" Sweat Ne. Winter Lading. Winter Maiden’s Bish. Penna. Winter Majettin. g. Winter ee plosr om several varieties, partly fore Winter Pippin of Mic higan. Mich.? in of Vermont. Vt.? eatass. 'S. States. oodring. io. ood’s Sarina N. Jd. Yellow Meadow. S. Stabs, Yellow Newtown Pippin. N. Y. Yopp’s Favorite. Ga. or Mas: York ‘Impe al Penn Yorkshire oe ee ame “inne. Yost. Zane. ae Zieber. Penna. : Zoar Greening. Ohio. 172 origin Inventory of North American Apples. aes RECOMMENDED List IN 1872. (.; inagioere for table or dessert; m., for market ; r cider; co., cooking ; k., for keeping ; ey St fae the South, West, North, and Southwest, ’ respectively). 1872 American Golden Pippin, t. m. King of oe Co., t.. m. American Golden Russet, t. Klaproth, t American Summer Pearmain, t. Lady yes t. m Baldwin, t. m. Lady’s Sweet, t. m altimore, t. m uarge Yellow Bough, t. m Belmont, uate Strawberry, t en ot bg fe m. 8. S’t owell, i e t. cLellan, t. pntiey Sernck. ne k. ] seaman Blush, m. co. A wren gba . angu onum, t. ] averack Sweet, M. co. 8. Soealweli, +. m, Melon, t ] “salen t. m Monmouth Pippin, t. m. ampfield, ci. m ‘gs other, mon Reinette ewtown arolina Red June, e ‘m, ewtown Spitecbaret, tm; ( peawell, ickajack, m. ominie, t. m orthern Spy, t ap @’Or. hio Nonpareil, t. Dutchess of Oldenburgh, co. m. each Pond Sweet, ic m, co. yer, t. -eck’s Pleasant, t. arly ea acl t. m, 2omme Grise, t. m. "N. arly Joe, t orter, t. m arly Red Margaret, be Primate, t. arly Strawberry, Pryor’s Red, t. m. S. W English R t, m. k. Rambo, t. m. isopus Spitzenburgh, t. m. Rawles Janet, t. m. k. S’t. venin, iy, t. m.- Red Astrachan, m. co. all Harvey. Red Canada, t. m. ~ allawater, m. co. Rhode isan Greening, m. co. all Pippin, t. m. Ri sate is a ee 5 t. i. ON. Sn _ hee pa in g sckg m. k. N; W. occ oval, 't. Shock kley, m. k. 8. Z Gilpin, m. k. Smith’s Cider, m Golden eat, m. co. Smokehouse, m be bingr tepid ms yy gh Winter Poareiin. 4: ma, 5S; Green Chee Grimes’ Gotten ipeis, +, Hi. scmuar Rapcragen m, co. Hall, Summ rai es Haskell wont. Summer Herfordshire Pemaen: Summer ‘Swett ‘Paradise. sched state . a pasar’ i eet, m 0 orse, m Pag a Tewksbury g Winter Blush, t. m. k, Hubbardston a t. m.- Ta sai s ee J cease om OW neha ies es ersey Sweet, hy ‘mn. ; as ngh : cuanto _ Westfield — No-Further, “e m. Keswick Codlin, m. co. White Pippin, 232 Annals of Horticulture. William’s Favorite. Bt nesap, t k. Willis Sweet, co. t. m. Winter wrest Paradise, t. Willow ote ie m. k. W. S. tect pea Bellflower, Wine Apple, S. Yellow Newtown Dippin, t. m. RECOMMENDED List IN 1845. (t., recommended for table or sagt m., for market; ci., for cider; co., for cooking; k., for keepin ng ; Sis Wes S’t., for the South, West, North, and Sour respectively). 1845. American b Golden Russet. Lady Apple, S. Balwin Ladies’ Sweeting, N. Canada Gabasess: N. Large Yellow Bough, S. Dutch Mignonne, N. Maiden’s Blush, S. Early ene Malla Carle, Early Stra Newtown Pippin English Golden" Pippin (Golden Pip- Northern Spy, N. pin Peck’s Pleasant. English ‘Rus er ont Spitzenburgh. Red. Astrachan, N hua N. Pomme de Neige ton een Greening, N. meuse), N. om: tem Green Newtown Pippin, S. Boston (Rox ay Russet, N. Golden Ball, N. a oe - eeieey Golden Rus- Golden Reinette, S Golden Sweet. Sw Gravenstein, S. Yellow Bellflower, S. Jersey Sweet. IV. Apples IN CULTIVATION IN 1892. The following list is an inventory of the apples sold by nurserymen in North America in 1892. The list has been compiled from all the apple catalogues which ae come to my table during the year, 95 in number. In order to show the geographic distribution of the varieties, the pear has been into 13 more or less ural areas, an e been added. It may be urged that the geographic distribu- tion of varieties cannot, be determined by studying the lists of | nurserymen who chance to live in a given region, because many nurserymen distribute their stock over a nied & wide area; Lnventory of North American Apples. 233 .determines the character of their lists more than the trade which is greatly foreign to their geographical boundaries. I am more and more convinced that the nurserymen’s cata- logues afford the truest basis for the study of the geographic distribution of varieties, especially in those older areas ich the business has become well established. In fact, ‘be nursery exists because the people desire certain varieties of fruits, and in the long run its character becomes a reflec- tion of the successful fruit-culture of its tributaries. In very Splieedan the experiences of individual growers. I have made no attempt to determine the proper names of the varieties, preferring to let the lists stand as they are Society, but so many questions of priority eee ex Be a fe at already undertaking this revision, I am the more persuaded that an individual effort in that direction would be unfortu- they must not be taken to pea nt any dissent on my part from the rules of the American Pomological Society, with which I am in most happy accord. For purposes of statis- tical inquiry, the list is undoubtedly worth more as it stands, forit represents the actual features of a commercial inventory. Many of these varieties have appeared since the last re- vision of Downing (1872). Without attempting to determine synonymous names, I have marked with asterisks (*) those varieties which also appear under the same names in the inventory of American apples, comprising 878 entries, I ae . that this record will serve a purpose for those who wish to speculate upon the tendencies in our Hence tas 234 Annals of Horticulture. > 2 | > | Vv 2 | G3] | Zz ‘ | © 3 3 > ~ a ov ea: | : : ~ : al —_ : wn > ‘in ° lasledl asl Bs 8 a Sisvis’)..o hs mS S| Sl 6 : AMERICAN APPLES, 1892. | % Bissise| .: ged Sl a ee « ‘ 9 lhe lNUs-| S| Bhs 2] a) is] “a . & lel 8/8 7] 8] AEs] #] gidt] O : r gw 1Ea Ee“ les S| ae Ss Bie ores . S| Sle8lesin7] = sif@ajaq| eegise : x o ° 55 S og g a & & - oe Z “z Bo) 4,;> s/S SIA Sle 6) ala le + 24 |Gs|see ce ceases si 2eeea Plea Sla rile! s.eHlE 19 5/2 aso : 2| 5 |> (GSlSe|cQiseleelzs| sega zaice 6|2\|2|2 |A jo |O IZ lO |e |e [= |e : PACUDETONR pine eae eos oe Oe ti? | Acom Greesing 9 oO eee oa 3 SAU aes at Ne Seria GPG Pe een Where eed Bee j 3 RRS oe seve et age : 2 : PA ss Gg ena en ie beste wl EVbs ‘ hy ey sea Albemarle Pippin. ..... TAS OS oe ere ener cae WO ae : UAlrumndeR Sk ek sbhatwt ol 2 tt sheet 6h. 3 8 Alexander's Ice Cream . .*.|. .].. Pa ates Cae | ent le a er a, ee : no ee ; I we eee a er ae ae * . . . . - * I PD a te Seat tay ees eat eter ars eo ae por eee eae | *American Golden Russet. .} ©] a} 3] 2] 1]. .}f+s[<.{| 2 *American Pippin. ..... UR st weer hele ba ee re Beye Summer Pearman | Post ele Be Rt), Sy Bes Pee Ris oO Ss gw eat ater ate oi I PAOUOUEE 47. sc 1 ab aM al I Arabian . xa eee ; ; I PPO NOEOE oe ok ees eaee: I Pa es as ras r Dg et RA a tine age dose ‘ : me ered Re ey ee ee Arkansas Beauty ...... MBE Soa Met EN I ey ile S43 wa Tt s Arkansas Black. ...... ie oad Sea ae 2 tics 2 Pp romney e Sys oneal (ays Hore etn Caines boa I se6 ROG 686g eG. 6s se Eee ioe Fsbo hed eng: el ee ee py cahak coe coe Her hedete = ere beer " aucubeteved Reinette . Srey ene Ges : i ocala See aa . vie cree Pa eptisial ier, uit: Eee ae :. Autum: Ma ay reek Bie wie I Ce Rerun Strawberty: oe OE ep 61 eee oe 2 re Beat, ce’ 2 he a eee what bled 5 Ss fac pee I * WE ee soe ae. pe rete ioe a (eae Wg cee eae pe 2 ; *Bachelor’s Blush ...... nid 1 . ae Ce ie bee ae I *Bailey’s Sweet . 6... ss rn te 8 ar ee ee : 8]. : od SBalGWi. . sss ete Sb OTA Tae Bt 8 |. 3i- «| 9 ey ah: Fe eee he Pl abe s Dee eS Bapti: oh Ae é Cor Ss Barton’s Favorite. .... eh ait By er ee | Sor aid te eke Baxter ... aoe Ei 2 Lae oy lieben Geer amare Gee | “Belighcimer Ue ee bas ps ec tee Belle de Week ce Ot ORS CE 2 ee es Pere te I No eo mn Inventory of North American Apples. AMERICAN APPLES, 1892. ppi Valley. (lL, Mo., Ark.) Texas Re 9, Wyo., Col., U., Nev.) ge Ohio and Ind.) Southern Central States. Nis., Minn., Dak., lowa.) * (Ky., W. Va. and Tenn.) (Del., Md., Va., N.C.,S C., Ga.) Gulf States ion. teen, Mex., Ariz.) (Kansas, Nebraska.) (Wash., Ore., Cal.) So. Atlantic States. (Fla., Ala., Miss., La.) Notthwest. (Mont., Ida Pacific Region. N. Y., N. J. and Penna, (Mich. Ontario and eastward. New Englanc. Northern Central States. Central Mississi Mountain Re Plains ellede Pontoise ...... ret ee, a | *Bellfiower( carpe IRE Weare Vee Ge fae Seu eeeres eee Ce BEM Pipolii ics ce ce a me Mae ® les) 5 o wo . nA... a) an ROARS Ne w Sie See eS Be ee — . . . is) Cae ee Jee tt te BER Ne oye es Thinck Annette. 2.55 55 eh. obo et cet wk se ee ee ee es ae ee a Perea (Stedsoe Pippin?) . Sea i shaper cae ere be te Tae BSR Gee see te Woe Cl I err I : eee (Bonum?) i. 2. +s Sie. weed Pi eee eas *Borsdorf opetcreinsnkc ble Se Os tor be eb ws a © oe ay *Brown Pardes *Brownlee’s Russet Jag ghee ee okt 236 Annals of Horticulture. pai - FA a Az oO i : ~ G > ag ary ae eis. a ° -lasigél os] cl BIS | 3 ig! “3 Blegise| S| S| We! ea ¢ AMECICAN APPLES, 1892. SiS8ise! ,. aie | @| @| Aa 2 Sy/Sz/ 44) S| : alee] 3 : a les 1S 2) Ala |: 818 4 & ZS IESIES as S “aw Ble 2] a> og | & |eolealg> difsigeal @ ida “iisleeic t. s| Bletis-l 2 |, gie/4|5di5 $3/ ge] a518 sle2| “SRO =! es\8ale 5 Y > o | af} 2 le slezlgnla*|Sasle 4 eAlee 21g > $218 Sdn JZ Sls loka SIS8g q A SiS ri< 7 Sit Pa Pod psi 2| 5 | > [Sale sSise|es| ee) scieulse ce O14/42|4 |8 lf 16 |z (Ole la Is |S eae tee Neo cher ll art ee eR TENE Cee Hs hago PiGharar erie tre Dae 0g I : . WERE ee es ee ‘ I Buncombe Sa oe ar Ae Gas ee 2 Burn Path noes | ee oe en kee « Calvitd iin ee open ard Wee? Campbell ko Cos Se : fre ape oF me ae *Canada Reinette ...... ee pe. * . 2 Cannon (Cannon aearmene Pie kt. rae mon Pearmain. ..... ae a I 3 Caroli i tees “ Mare Oe , Carolina poaenes ae et Pacific Region (Del, Nid Va. Ne C., &: C., Ga.) Gulf States (Texas, N. Mex., Ariz.) (Ky., W. Va. and Tenn.) Plains. So. Atlantic States. (Wis., Minn,, Dak. (Kansas, Nebraska.) (Wash., Ore., Cal.) (Fla N.Y., N. J. and Penna, (Mich. Ontario and eastward. New England. Northern Central States. Mountain Re mt Leal rae peta ee eae eee | fee : Conmen a . se|e- Paes Cee ae 2 eee ee Cee ° = . . . . nN bo in Mg so « > Pe NEN a Lal *Cornell’s Fancy. .... Roe NG ee pore VG ees ob ee eae a ener a I Cowan’s Seedling ..... Sa ote ae a Poe Cowan's Winter? . 6 2. fee pele che epee tt : ° : . ’ . Dew He, Dulaney’s Choice ot os _SDamslow Dumetow's Seed- | 238 Annals of Horticulture. a a) ev > = . wl .e : |égigél cl ai 82 | 3 3 ~ ~ al = ary AMERICAN APPLES, 1892, | © BS igmis | | Ml age jee nd 8 |nginel|4| > |S, cea = Si si 810 7 2 gies] #] s H ZS ISSS" 8S! S ae =| ol: 3 o Sa ilvo ogi 4 Ae ss oO SISalslin | | Sreais il go) 8} © |88)o-lo 3). J] 818 loo) a]/ 8/5 /00/0 -|/su|¢s BS is 6] te ao | to] ,: & sleelscsle<|3 aslo a eae 015 |“ |88l5 +8138 72 ules * 81.2 ‘> r Sia sia A dian |E a5 nS S$) e|> eseai Vv Zz 5 x} 1) S| 2| 8 Oo Olas walse 43 50 a Bs cid Selu@ es 52 s23e = |O 8 I 2 4 2 3 7 Inventory of North American Apples. 239 3 bc] é fe c > ic an Sis 3) ~lecigél cl ai 62 | a a ; Ss jfzize! 2] S| Us Bh a os AMERICAN APPLES, 1892. | © §isSise| .- > ccs esiselgeegle) ae ies 2/8 | |fa|Sc2 3 \eaa7l< dl elaeca = 2 {22 Siegi/Y e228 /8 > sia Slesiz 2/5 |> |Es/g2/ | vu ¢ 4 co : | s Y co ~ ° ty hae S| 5 3 é a Vdioo oO é| =i i en ba AMERICAN APPLES, 1892. | © & ete 4 ed BH Ga 2| aj Si + s © G52 e=| J) are 7 ee z mel 8/8 + 8) Ala x] gid™) 5 eA ZIESE TSS] S| sae] S| SlSol. = $131 § le2lesla7 a e.2u|g4| Beside. 21815 (SSS lodiad| £18 -\22| Alteco S& —, f i) om Lan — * a L nl a &| Bl 2 lees eels g238\¥e ges22 2\q -|$3\8 1slh ci2a\8 eg aiSelog Ss 5 [oo wes ait = os CaE-Fo} g ee 2| 3 | (Se/ee) Siselee ga| fe /28| 32 ce O/42|4\z A fm |O IZ \lO ln la |e |e Gleen’s Seedling ©... .. weet Scat bo as la eee elo Mundt oe as bs bare totes he aa os Dh etas ety ise dn eed Fe *Gloucester White. ..... zg ieeg tgs eae Bt WGOdete oer ak Pa ie Poeaa ae ¢ Golden Beauty ....... ae, comers Oye SO ea ae fe Sees arc! Cs ae po em Reanty of Paradise pie tea W es Pe oe bae pe Gol NOD coo ce ep a ee 1 *Golden TIDINGS oe ey eS ae eae | re oe cee : rt *Golden Russet ....... Sire TAs Soe Foe ee Soe : 3 *Goden Sweet ic he a ee PSE 6h Bare ae 2 Good ‘Peasant: . 3 3.4. ‘ ; : Pee es | : Grand Mothe eu I Se ae fa RU SGA ose a ra Bea Se ee i ae 22 ed ee T 5 FRVETSEME en Be 2 I 4120 2 ie 8 ee *Green Cheese . ida Bcd 3 x Green Crank 2. / yi. . I Green ‘Newington (New: ig iia ig hee Peabo date ef cep d *Green Newt DP re iA eh eet Key ae 3 screen Sweet. Lise RO eign ire Ri lie crs SGrimes Golden sg VE Sa Ig OPAL OE et w 1 oe ot ate ticehmnes Golden Ss phe A UG Seg ce al Gee tp gE ae 24 NR Sa Pant A 4 . atone a ym Civ ede etek toes che ep es pepe eee Guntslow 0.5 We pat AN i ue 5 BOS ae ee eS “ 3 6 3 2} 9 aor ere , PIGGR WOR oa 4 ef : ee a I PEM OG E54 o ae pel gsm . ; 1 ese de San Pi rey ce tee these ee Soe | I Halladay’s Seediing ‘ 3 ae es ee ne 8 Pa Red os: Hee ime Baka am « Hall’s Seedling .. . FS a a oe eG Et Hames’ Seedling ..... ; vin sie WOIMINON ie ke 8 ; viet POT POUR 55 5 ee Fas wee I mde an Pa a aa Mad Ges ie | arper ey es q ta eee SEOs *Harrison . Ee ee I nof Monitgoinery Co. oes Pe ae Nise Sawuep whe . I *Haskell S Rig eres ma FE ae ings. ae ge » oe 6 Le Ir ‘ I Piattiont Sweet 3s he ee ae ; Yee I Hatcher Seedl yr taper te spe alen| Efe op bps 2 es ep gk oe ee ee ek ae eae Ir ; or i) ane Lael Lnventory of North American Apples. RO | co :) AMERICAN APPLES, 1892. ppi Valley. (Ill., Mo., Ark.) Texas Region, on. Pacific Region {Del,, Mad.; Va. Ne. SC... Ga.) egi (Mont., Idaho, Wyo., Col., U., Nev.) Gulf States ( Kansas, Nebraska.) (Texas, N. Mex.., Ariz.) Mountain R (Wis., Minn., Dak., Iowa.) Plains Northern Central States. (Mich., Ohio and Ind.) Southern Central States. (Ky., W. Va. and Tenn.) So. Atlantic States. (Fla., Ala., Miss., La.) Northwest. (Wash., Ore., Cal N. Y., N. J. and Penna. Central Mississ1 Ontario and eastward. New England, NH *Hawthornden .. |... 4. SGP ee: bain ee eae weaves Wine 20 i6 a pie Fe ee Un Gren Pee 9 Ge Ue cae pal ‘ pataeps ‘ SIBYWOOE oe ae oe : | Hendrick Sweet ass Pee ee eee | RIDIN bea he a sep ee Herefordshite ‘Befling Sui ee 1 | *Here ~ ire Pearmain es Ts rar, Hespe poo A Eee Rae ey eae 4 Hewer! CiMen oe Paap eM, Ge ae oe, < i etal Vir. Crab (Mughes’) cap ae -. 4 | elonen Greening gees Cae oe =| ns sig pre Wares 8s es I : | Pies eee eee 2 =) x. im} a es m Af HN i Ree Oe oe ee, Wwe ee ~ar “Hurlbut Pee ee ee PSR a a Weer mace ake Gta SORE hie ee eel, Ww ‘ >. HHO free et f lowa Blush . Pos a eheaete wy eels : 3 242 ' Annals of Horticulture. | ee | “ es > | Vv : | Bhoas Oo os £ | =) oc > ° au : |: s aA Ra gle | 3) AMERICAN APPLES, 1892. | © Siasiety) fe ie) eA BE) |& @z@aie"| g] alBS| ul alee 6 o olSsle%las| = Alea oT BUSS li ce | -|aisolsgize| S| 3 8hls5 O| be) do S| 2] eelse(cul. al Elesise| 2lesiss 21 S815 JOO] .|sulgSissis shh Cae ee S$) Mis 2 eeleele< B72 25\2 4 a8 fod ola ~(23|8 sSdlad/248 05 anise of ? 1S s\5 placa’ SiSsieil ge eS S| 2|> |baleu Salsa lee Ze eet a : om ols o~-i owl vu —_ v | a a bopd : LAs ie a > i} ie “= pt ae bt ee a § - ja -ing : 7| 81S N : S/99j2v| OO] gs “Is Slo al 6 AMERICAN APPLES, 1892. = 6 |s4\ se Z a ale <| s| & e| |< zce oa] 3] Ales] el fe a 2 /Ss/ESiss| S| sex] S| elgg $| 3] § |e2les|a7 g\2S| 22) oles bodes RTPA apo d Weta eee aa} -| zl 21815 (38/87 lesa 818 gz] Ae3 f/m). le saslecies|s=asleu) gle - o| S| 4 l§alEFis is jf \Aalea) sae SLA] B82 Sc sl SSE sedi gsles 2) 5 | > [SS(gs] CS SE ge|sclatise Olziziz ja |@ jo A jo If ja |= ey ey Rua ee tee ate ee fee | y Sg gs EO Ee eee oe Mie Ga © eae 2 z] La eS eae te ene oer a pele xan ces ie ee ele ie I Lady miker .. bavi s ele ae tady ouoie hie ae od oa CP ES a eee aed oe cost i fore ga ee od oe Re a kes eee "Lady Sweets oo ee ss Cel SWRI Sh CSpot s els taba Water reeemedis fa ° ‘ Seen oid : tone eS . ‘ nie I eee Sar aeg eg ria ye 2 DOOIONG © oes ici ois « Bebe a Ee Lebel cet ale det E Lankford Seedling 47.8 Soe aa he ee eS *Lansingburg :.... .. « EP er abe Sa ey ere ae Large Jersey Ppt naransaa pres Gia *Large Siberian Crab ic) ch ye Bs sb eae ep eet Jee EOP Pon a eee Large Striped Pearmain *Large Sweet Bough (Large " Veilow Bough} ee isapoe yt Large Yellow Siberian ...|..| I}..-| I *Late Strawberry ...... rare ey Ge *Laurens Greening oe Gees TEBE ES EN, (PES fle 2h Se ~~ Bee ee gata fe Pa OS Cas aed BEE BRL eee Ba | *Lawy (ee ae eae wre foot 2456 PGP EP ere gS A: Mg NG aes Ser ; are I *Limber Twig... ... - . ete Oia eee —— Pav ees F P I Little Red'Romanite | 2°) ie eae a ee Little ape org ‘ efecs eels etee Little Seedl Pee ee fe cote ele Rp 3 ‘ Lee I Ae i ‘ I a 7 5 2 ac island Russet . Fs I Bal pe ae *Lowell Ppcis) ” Soe iet Sot SAT EY hielo ele ele Ne Bre a Re ae Pe eee ie a aah Soe ee. *Lyman’s Pumpkin Sweet . LSD VS - Reraata Rename. rae Reoee Ae, uae are aed ee Gi Grae a . Red Streak a|2|1 M N *Maiden’s Blush. . . 244 Annals of Horticulture. | > an > é a fy =) o > > ty rare 1 Be a mer on | edd ya a 2 0 ee 6 » | n° -ing . : is N € ; Sifgise*) SO] 81 “is 1 Gee ew) es AMERICAN APPLES, 1892. | & BIsSis@| --| 4 gis <| | Sl a s 0 Ag |nv gt bs ante >| #| es) z wlogi 819 > 8) Aeal #] gar] o« % Oo IPSS °l Se cl Tau] 2 BISo).: ° a ileo Sine = Ae) SS ©} 4) ao S) a] § lezigse| “| gige|g-| eifa se 6/8 /}/5jO0/0../33 $2125 5 5h =| PA {ED = . * a | n vs Bie of OS 2 | |* |Ge|e algae lesen" d . lgelea = rle218 Sled asle2iS es ealesies 2 |e | > [Sale| Sica ES) se | cou) sec O|4212l2 lA | lO |Z jo le |e je |& PMGrING eS eee Pa tae Snr rade wena Wray ta boat Mammoth Black Tw PR ae al Wa ot Peace ee SE 4 Saaseicoths Black Tig ‘of APICADBOS Oc ek Sis PRON a veers teeaias Ipnaenie Wc 2 Mammoth Pippin. ..... Pope eran. baer, er Re teas di Sees Tei ots aie mae gi ek hee oe ‘ Se aca comet 5 ot BA AVR AES Perea yu aera ya SOP Bi SP a her OS Ba eet es hee gota gle Oe aN Zick) 3 I pate a I ae Pinel de la Toule I MGTICOIR se ee I *Marshall’s Red ; as ‘ I Marston Red me os I 2 Seat Cera ee ee ones erga . AE et 5 I I Martha Washington es qd I Ma DOOR en Ga Ba I Mason’s Orange ...... Sate ty tg ’ I Sy eee ens Mer Se EAS ae hice dis a OP eer gee Mattamuskeet ....... mG arid aregeie ts tS (Mie & *Maverick's Sweet Fe ale he a Ee Dene Bore MOL ge ae: Eee beg ne eae BROW ob be Seer aio el ais t 4 SMR ee a ee Peon Bey Cotas ier Oe I I May of Mvers | Sey alias vate. PPAR eed a eee ee Pe woe a Sh sped alias a Meee ea Bas age ee he Ce McCulier’s Winter a ean Oe enh. a ES Mcintosh Red: =. ss ss SISOS OA Shapers ehs I sMckiniey Se cae ae Oe tae PONS Shey Ria Sere peek eye Ped aS McMahon’s White ..... th 2 Hieeie wt (Sa Ate a hs I Pee as : se hve Neocron che yee * . I Merkley’s R SORIA ORS terre BA toe Re reeea 2 ie é I *Micha Henry Bippin Gate e ie lac wd ew Le Bias Tin 7. *Milam 055% + Per Pa a) a a ge thesis 3 Milling oe i was ee WM ee a AG PL ee OM inlet ey ey PY Gee aa eo og a A Ge a ee oe Wilms ee eG Seles ios POOULE PIPPI ee cok ees Cot ee Doe See Sor ea BE Oli bre Missouri Su i ‘ Exe cee ae ‘ 1 I Mitchell of hester ee oie hEae beer. oe Missouri J aa pia a EA, yet sereteay ON GOs SAS 2 Raia *Monmouth BA ee soa Pat Be ee Ges a kk gee é L Monstrous Pi ViSwle ete ee eee les hiceks I *Montreal Beauty ..... aN ar Sa gg Os On Pe MiG Ss a ele ehe wea ete whe eh Er Inventory of North American Apples. 245 | > o a Zz oO . — 4 i is = esids > z\e Fl a) : g@|/esivo| Of a] “Ie ep oo oS AMERICAN APPLES, 1892. | © Eissise] -| 4 ye | <| gl 8) s 9 |Do NY 5a “| sls ey 3 S oe eee $ e & Q Be ¥ g ge is) a SIRSSSiga) Sl teu) S| ioe . ri ;| a lisolsgiz>| 2] s|ehls5| Bragled OlUDO] SiaamiaeiO | “| spreads’: Pa ob 7 S . (OGIO lo s|. | £12 ~|.2 Alea 6 < si] 4 OOO, -sy/ es 3s ne ae ~ =) a] wl) le leBlSale [ESlEe| Case leelss| ge Sele ce 6121214 | jm jo j2 jo le a je |& : Moore’s Favorite... .. . ; I *Moore’s Sweet ....... I PO oe ea ee I WROUMER: a ayy Wes rt a | I i 5 Moultree et ;Winter 12... 3 sMunson's Sweet PRR rN ch See Voges ME Ste «ee ve Heceear es OR CAI: Bae IS *Mu tr ea aay ony YEE. ‘ MP ay reee Fee UG (ie tes See Oe Nanacuoat Beauty 6.48 Shee ee EY fel tees PNUUMINEE 5, ere eS hee : Peed Gra (haces See: de Nashville Mammoth Sel ad acs Mie ee eee gpa A (Nantalee Lee rat ae oe he a ewe OE SS CPs RO PR, ae PANG an RE Nelson mR Sok ee tee ae Copel Waeaes EME, SE oh 1 RT og ike ‘3 4 3 I ‘ I New Brunswick | 1... . Oy ae Pe PIOWO a eS pes i I *Newtown Pippin ‘ pas ee 0 eek Oe ek eee oe ae i 4 *Newtown Spitzenburg . cy ‘ Pe I York Early . Ra I OW York Pippin 620) 5) 6 vss wets . ‘ I *Nickajack : 413) 47-3) 84 3 15 yt pee 5 MOU RONG os ee PEO tS BE be Po ar aed Se pe aa ee Ras RPE Md SS | : orth Carolina Crab Bau deaceg what parm agra (aie (la : North Carolina Limber Twig Se fete ek Oba Mew ebect * : aa n§ : a1 Sab) oP ey aS at aie orthers rn Sweeting . 2 oe on ee ae ie i ORME ay a es Bi ged bay (Re) tas tes A ee: North weutiies Greening. ofc be Pe epee et at 8 Saeko Lesa bi Cee he ae «hoe *Nottingham isauc le be eee or mae EO P ‘ Tt Occident . . Sot bas I + : I *Oconee Greening . - ees Se te eee Ohio Beauty + “os PE EE *Ohio Nonpariel. ..... . os eer fe oe 2 Ontario. . . ey 2 I oe pate Digit ee ae Ir}. I ; *Orange Wi p 4 Orion . shi Pies ee eae AO on ae 2 PIO ati og os is es Us Bae ley oy ee Pte ST) Fa ee | das Shk tee p a *Ortley Bellflower (Ortiey 2) a ce : I 246 Annals of Horticulture. > = ve ¢ a oO : <7 > =" ~ : ol. = Bk TFS | Piao See Uy Vee Bas § d |8u/25) 5] | a3 | f] 4] = AMERICAN APPLES, 1892. | © SisSise] | Al o> <| @l Si = oe vo In Hu) ye ” 8 oe st. = | 5| Is lgsleeleq) 2) AlBa] 3} eles) © a ae iSe| S| cfael S| Bloc. > Sis s |g |ss|a”. al |23| a= biciis- Be me tg eta lad)! 18 ez BIO Sl elo leccsleslselgziscite dle tes 3 [7] F |e eS lale |gelse) QlS&/S2) 85) fcleu/ saice 6lziziz (8 |4 lo IZ 6 jk fa le le Piice s Sweet 6k le Jeet ee i eee Ge pron lab detach ee ig feat TEGKS 2 Soe Eee Se RT Se *PTIMAle 5 62 ky we a oe es 1) $421.3}. ris : Princ ret mesial Rudolph. .0. (4s et Princess Royal ... . 2s. Wee OORT, ae SB | Princess Lohise aig ea eee + eee sie. *Prolific Sweeting ...... Phe we *Pryor's:Red'. .66s . « ee ee Oe ee a a ee *Pumpkin Russet ...... ee PS Gee eee: Hea "Pumpkin Sweet: . « «5. Hahei ot ee ee Pyle’s Red Winter ....: wie t I her Beauty 2 2s I 4 I = uw Winter Sweet 5 ae Re Queen Anne . 6 we ‘ I eraogts CHnces .:f ee FORO re Be a x Quinton-..... OF ols ole ee ere Gene ae ne : ee ag ae 7) 6 “2 I 12 [8 Pee ee *Ramsdell Sweet 2 ees Ree rate 2 Rds ay (See Joust - elie FSi 2 1S 3 I 5 ¢ ‘ 4 ets: I I ois Poh Bis ub reps 1 3 8 | 17 4 Sort - ¥ 441 I Gi. 9 Pee * oe + 2 He ee aie. ie . . Mo rua * em I go) 4/1184 6). 31- 2 6 6 ei at S44 a 2 Pe ene Ba * eine af ee . Tt pie ye ee I ea A SpE ari, La! a tes ee hee aks ek I Rol Fall Sweet ae meg Geers eee Ped ae © . at Hawa gts cA aes ee : ; : : stest Jone es te ee tte s slat hs Red Lady Finger. ..... are ro ee ee een fo Red LAR a ass ade . Ir Red Leaf Russet... . : I : po | rena hal oy eh 21 ets ‘Red Margaret. 2. 6. S: ? 4 it ; nt boges Perro ; : ‘ oy ee Red Rambo : os ee ee ee, : ; Rea Hiches oes ee eS ee et ee os : : Red Romanite .... See Ge I : I ‘ Russet . Po Pa be laa oe 248 Annals of Horticulture. | -_ | | | _ | Vv : Z Oo : | : 5 ce > > _ ao . Lm | w sees ater ° lacie! oc} a] Ble = v : : See e eS) S| tS eC AL 3S AMERICAN APPLES, 1892. | © 8 is Sis 2 el ae 4 el oe g 2 Gg Gz) ¢ a1 STA :| ‘al s| oe a Sia iS s) ») Alavt Kl sis") Oo % wissis ‘iss S| clad sS BiLgoll. > Sig] a legiesinn)| “| gigdig=| 2 Pais2 2/8) ISsio7leslaslcSle 4] “es go S/S) oP Se SSlesio s/h! ao ge @ |b) > |e eBlea|S<| 8lA5/9 a\ slag ro] a vA wo] kh Ae ~| 8 13 sl=e “2 2] Se ct BA] sl2e)8 Segal S2/8 Hos eslesig a ~ Ss 2c S SalfeYis BSS. 2 |g |= |s2iee| Size [Ee ze| 5c au) s2 Ze O|2|2|2 | jm lO |Z jo le ja [a |e *Red ecg ids agiee eo 4 I 2 2 I To ae. | PRO kee es 5 eh eis “he ee Poe vic Pippin Be ee hy Trans Oe a Stee be I Red Waycross: 0 aj2) 0. | I d Win Pi eee a ees ate : I I Red Winter Pearmain . prone! Gerry] vegans “ett 2 beet Um Ua Waring Ustigege Actas Utne Wie | BE pes Baha oc = ee ee Lee Ewe ad Ae ee eo Regan oe Se rye oT ea a Berd Ge ke ear, Ves Cotgeg Mpa Mn eS #Reinette ites CME ie oak ; 2 Reinette Pranthe Se 2 Reinette de Luxemburg I Reinet e Re lard I Reinette Su ne sac eae PONE oe SO ye a Ps Sees re Ae aes MEGICHES (3066s ks Hy ts See ee eee I te Ape era ae Pang Ree eee Ns ae Gates es I aa ah Nar See toy 2 I shod island ne 1 COPIES Ep ae 5 8 eee ccs 3 “Riabinouka ee ae a ae nae a Bere Mn pee eis aa eager oreae 2 *Ribst sy 20 Pas a pe Bae See ele #Richard’s raft Neer: els a a foes Pa SHH EY Vee a8’ page hr ayaa week) ah eh ig Bas Pa be a eek idee Pippi ee es ee cAby BRU HEURES a Robertson's Whites... Gs one I ; ee eee ee gry es oe beng ean I Robinaun's Super’ eee By pa hs ee eek ‘ PRock Pippi 4 oe phe Pee ea he ee bate MANES he EN sey eae Grae ea Ge. me oe Riise ok Mae 8 oa a lase | Roman Red Streak ..... oo aes & I | ROMAN SHEN 36h ie a 3 ce ‘ 3 I *Rome MEY ae SS ee BS so de et 10 be Bet Gee ee eal ae ee Fag) Exe py ie G ee rapt: Gaye, Vigra OU Ru Stig as atk tec pe Le 4 phiekes Royal Limber Twig < Pies Fe ay a ap ae | pcos gal Pas 2 ape I sp wad 6 SEGhs Dray 3 is bicon (Paw Paw) Soe re ek a ae ‘ ae ‘ Pig oe mF aa Cmoeiea TiGeiparent < Pa Dees ig thee We Dime oo . Rutledge . Peres phi ww a ele be eta : ros . ce ere. Ph siat oe: iS) Be Ke) Inventory of North American Apples. AMERICAN APPLES, 1892. 0, Wyo., Col., U., Nev.) daho, Md., Va., NiC., S C., Ga.) jon, x. Mex.., Ariz.) Ala., Miss., La.) Northwest. (Wis., Minn., Dak., Iowa.) Central Mississippi Valley. (Ill., Mo., Ark.) (Kansas, Nebraska.) Mountain Regi (Mont., Ida (Fla. (Del. (Ky., W. Va. and Tenn.) Gulf States (Mich., Ohio and Ind.) Southern Central States. So. Atlantic States. (Texas, Plains N. Y., N. J. and Penna, Texas Re Ontario and eastward, Northern Central States. New England. *Saint Lawrence . ise rahe ene x A Nad eit eter’s enn ESE a 5 te I Santa Clara es ES eS CERO eee pe aunde uche ers’ Seariet Cranberry 4.(2).6500 HO REN hd oP ; tae Scott’s Winter (Scott’s Red ARI EN ee es Gs ries Nae Jes eae seis aaa eae aE Bh 23 Siete an nN nN Sharp’s Russet wey tango Straw avon or Che- bee Rey BEB s& ae (eld a> ae a8 ‘= oa - NOD Lal an Gan eaten | > wo wo ” nv ~ 10 "Southern Cimber wit He nal, es a OURS OE Southern ee P VO BOs VN oe eS ee og Ci cha Oo pba Pennie ere Geen are auc Big! ; - 2 50 Annals of Horticulture. > = vo ae Az 3 oO 2 Fw a 4) oleae sl os 5\2 Ke v nj Siggise} 0 5 eG i Oey ee AMERICAN APPLES, 1892. | © SIS 8ise) |- aie | dl 8) 4 s Ole Hvis] | She s|. "al el a g me elsif] 8] AlBs) #| sie] O % SIESS“es) Ss] ae! S| 5loo|.: Sig1 8 leclgsla7] =| gel ss] seeled = tw = : ua|o oi] 8]. [SS 8F)o 3). £18 oe Ale S\25 : a] 8] 990.133) 8S e5\5 ole annie S|] Ml le sl eSslEAlSaGlSSleu) 218 ced 218 | 7 (Ss|5 S218 ce dle7 I" 8) (Se lo8 I ST iosila pleol|? slo Ee eg e2a/ Scola | 2 |> [eelea) clea lee lee|fe\eu|zece 6lz\l2zilz 18 i@8 lo IZ io 6 @ |= | MCAT FO igs ahah cc ih Panclonie Cee peatiere peek where WOE Soiree ae hk pes FE ao Oo ea ee ee hake 3 Staynian' a Sweet. a be bee bod Stenkypk ios. sss Marae oh ait oe BVONR Pie Lee el ae re ae See I Stevenson ,.... 3 Stevenson’s Red. .... REN intel Conte | ranel Ver CARE: : Pie 1a *Stevenson’s Winter. ....|..]. Pen Pee ESE (Gm i Soe: ie Oey Waar ROWRIG Cte Se es Bien aay: aie ae: Ware Venom Bia SRCRT'S MUBEEE! ook Sei I DOUG ek he cs ak Dae ik StU ice os iy a Aas SS ToS as Ae DELICE SNOWED oak eT ees bee eerie Pe eee ebook SPADE INV re ekg an as Pe (Oe a OS rad Eee es, Seeger Stri MEG ee cee chet oP ees $e oie oe *Striped Winter Pearmain . . ; Rane gu eae Strart’s Goiden, 6... eu ts ck ie ate I Bi Sin bao 4 aaa PAS Be Be ea 2 I 3 *Summer Cheese . he Pages ie Summer Extra - *SummerHagloe. . . I 2 Summer King: . ... . 3 Summer Pearmain ..... et 2 I jammer Pippin . 4) 06: 62.05 Riot mmer Pound Royal 4 I *Summ “s Stnegea hae teerene I £124 FoR Swi? rae ey oe a | I *Summer Rambo ...... . a oe a ah OR Ge oh oe I Summer pipes ee tare bow bow ‘ be RY ane *Summer Rose... 34. 3s et Peet See Oe ee eae 2 mer Sweet Paradise ..|../.. eoy Toe a! Wsutton Beauty oy be a RL TT RT ed ene 3 mu ee | MEE cg a eee ae Sie Slee hg Pa Ae 5 yzie Pomme Grise . . I Sweet Alice ....5.4 6... « nan I weet Bough (Large Yellow Bough). eke ie er ee ee fe lee Sfeebeaterep 8 weet Dix: Ce ee ee in oe PIGS Fea ae (ee exe It "Sweet Janet. sae 4k). HES I SweetJune.... Piisiete © I etek Oy fe ae Seton feu 3 Pa oe Sweet Limber Twig .. . etwas Vote bos 1k Sweet Nons' Feuer at ee : <5 % iN eas Gand 2 2 WSwent Peat. 64 sic te tke Pace ate ind Ue *Sweet Russet... ..... Oe Pee 24 oa beet fe he ned (oe Si 2 "Sweet Vandever... ee fel oD Sweet Waycross ... ee ree SEs I Inventory of North American Apples. 251 loon ae | | | 2 | nth j | ej a o ‘ G s Ses Ges sa} 0 eS ic) ~lactiss! ol > 52 eG v : jd |/9og/90} UO] og] “Ie-| 2] Al E AMERICAN APPLES, 1892. | © a |aais¢| | al sie 1 <] gl SI ‘ 5) |& eels) gl SiB-] | alae S a a5laelog| 2) Aiacl BS gs.) 9 ol. (SiSSis oiSo1 Sl see) BI2er ls v}v g e2E Sin s/224)¢ oes a6 ol fl] © [Selorlo 2]. 3] 818 toe] 4lya)25 £/814 |OO|O,-'s3 BE) Soe Fy a iO & | bo > la ae ls=l8<|S=leSl ey Bre 1 gs of |G 5.71 AS ls jC ale 3 Blas i%e SLA) + leSl8 Secs 22/8 slo slg sle sles 2| 2 |™ |BS/ss) SESS /ES| scles| sajce l6|2l2i2 a #8 lo |la Ole ja |= [a URES. yrs Sh ae ay sa eee bee le Pee ee a bee ee tee ta ae Sweet . ab ee ere een pe Wie oR: brea walt Sak TMOG nis a5 ves I Palma Sweet 4.6. es tes Oe ies cae ea (ones Cab Oe Gee ee LOls ef om g *Taunton . , Aa ee ¥ Teller Sweet. 46S eas Pa ee ee | * _s Cie gage Ree ee yh Fa yk ain ga a ee gn ae | 3 TEVORGO 3652s ea ee Tewkesbury Winter Blush See Sh ae Ps an a ee Sa : te BG I < Ge Ok ae we Ree Be ais . 1 orn nton’s Winker era Rise ae ee AE Weak WE IAGURI a re tae . 38 me I wie oe GO k Se ok sk ee y ise Siete Sy ar I a ei Fy ee ers en cre | Titus (Pitus Pippin? Rees OG AG Oo ners Ca Be ae ee Ge ae Tou de Rhin«, . x : ca pet ede whe *Towns Fo Shear ay aunt ee z hater Crab 6 4 itt epee hoe fuer Oe te 6; 3| 2 4 Ce Ray ee ed ee eG * I fi: de NAR ee ee A ew el bphie I ft’s Baldwin ee eran Peoria era (ies | ster! (Fallawater\ .) iy o6) Eee he eet ot 8 I ria plete ae YN ae a owes ee ee ee x Nae loosa (7. Seedling #)..|..|}.-|-t]--| 34 2}- +/+ +] 2 peas eI ORS | : Twenty Ounce 222211 ad cad Ae ae 9 We coe Ses BPR oy le cae eae eee af “Ukratnskol SSeS: Pe) ee as (ee ee Se Ulst Bed os Se : ‘ efeced* ew ¢ Unele Be A rae . a a ig I WUET Go acy be ee eT om ypeteag Sean ee I Uters Large pt aaa ees Aa Gee Mee se = ie eee Se PS 2 Pion BRR ice Saw ate ra Be TN Ge Ga coe ee Dea War Ger aan Wren Ss Goon i Soa sae 2 Vawiorce of e Feivaysvenis fies BES eee, As Bee ys eae | Vande So ae I Van Woek Crap cet 4 Re ee 3 de I Vet ‘ Sr squ8 2 Vatteal See eS a ohe I *Vaughn’s Winter... . .- P epeet 6 2 PA a hig aSweeting ..... Sor tee we ee 4 ; bel do Wye Ray ae gra ea ona A Ser) eR A at ee oe Bh Ron fa . maw foe Sk eee Gare tenant pment, Ce Oe Or ory pee tka ee Bh a he eee Virginia Paints ce aks Wn ied Uae Virginia Teather Coa Gobo ee EP eda ae met 3s 252 Annals of Horticulture. AMERICAN APPLES, 1892. ppi Valley. (Ill., Mo., Ark.) 0, Wyo., Col., U., Nev.) Pacific Region. (Ky., W. Va. and Tenn.) (Del., Md., Va., N. C., S. C., Ga.) Gulf States. So, Atlantic States. (Fla , Ala., Miss., La.) (Mich., Ohio and Ind.) (Kansas, Nebraska.) (Wash., Ore., Cal.) Ontario and eastward. New England. N, Y., N. J. and Penna, Northern Central States. Southern Central States. Central Mississi Plains. Veli s Nello Winter Westfield Seek-no-Further | ‘ " Pn ae a oa past aon - ROAD. ROH Re ee Lnventory of North American Apples. 253 we 5 d 4 © : eo > = ~~ ws Si Me) lecleel. oo Se ee ow o : 3/8909 o|) UO] a) “Is a arte saa AMERICAN APPLES, 1892. | © g |ssis@) o) -] Zl> =| «| S| - S 0 ina Ns -Z a} Ste -| “= 5 & (@g/°S|s") gl Ste] 3] alee & rs 9 (SS /e les] S| Teel | ElSs\.% Sig | § |Zglgsla~ a g|25\ 24 2) bes os 5 SalSelo cs. c] Slee] Zi LS)ox 2) Ss] 5 [Odo 2s ssl esls sa] iM SRO S|) lle leBlee “| S4lASleu) gis 3 o|/ &|4 \'slib"is 78. Bs sine Mele geo = | -|89/8 NSH g/E2/8 - Kl g Sif 8/08 » “|Sa\o neo Sissies gol 2acjssis £|2|> /BSlSé) QSR/ES/ES) eeu sa ce O|zl2ala ia 14 lO lz jo |e m& ie |e Winter Sitsh io. 24-3 5. I | Winter Cheese E : I Winter Citron ...... I inter Golden Sweet . . . 1 | ere re I Winter SS rai Seen se F ee ee Ba | I inter Grixom. .... es eee SS’ ea atGe ie sp oe Maiden’s Blush : iPiens tote becege et takes lig fused ade *Winter an idan Bees a : I Winter Streak. oie. eg Care oe ney I Minter Striped. s<.°s 4. a". Raat ee | inter Sweet Paradise ms eee 5 Inter Wine oo ya ek ee RD Wolf River Cre yea oe I BOG St ee ri oe 6. Red A b: y Mountain Region: This region is supplied w he ee ck almost ling from nurseries in other regions, and no conclusions can be drawn from the above data as to the distribution of varieties s in it. Pacific Region: Alexander, 8; Baldwin, 9; Early Harvest, 8; Red A trachan, 9; Red et o; Rhode Island Graction. 8; White Winter Peer ,9; Win , 8; Yellow Bellflower, 9 votes. spose ‘all the is due ta at hand, it appears that Red Astrachan is the most cosmopolitan apple in America $3. lant Portratts of 1892. A List or ILLUSTRATIONS IN LEADING HoRTICULTURAL AND IN THE DETERMINATION OF THE SPECIES OR VARIETIES OF PLANTS. ABBREVIATIONS.—Am., Agr., American Agriculturist ; 4m. Fa wie i a American Farm and Horticulturist ; Am, flor,, American Florist; Am. cole ; Garten-Zeitung; /nd., Indiana Agricultural Experiment Station; i . Hort, Prat., Journa i i Horticole et Viticole : Rosen Zeit., Rosen Zeitung ; Rural N. -}., Rural New-Yorker Arai at Sempervirens ; Vick's Mag., Vick's Magazine. lat (2) refers to the second ire in those ey which run into two © yea thea ill the The editor does not vouch “igi the accuracy ge any of the sae Ina aie few instances, incomplete files have been used. (255) 256 Abelia se ls Gart. Negundo, ae Hort. Pens 226. se aaa Gh — Raced: vege “Ackil, Gart. 33. — platanoides, Prakt. Rat. 453. pS teint embers Prakt. Rat. 483. _ — r. Dru aiondil; Gart. Achiller ‘Gabdebens, Illustr. Garten- elt. I26. Acidanthera bicolor, Jour. Hort. 441. Acokanthera spectabilis, Gar. Mag. 21 Aconitum autumnale, Am. Gar. 731. Acrostichu um (Hymenodium) crini- tu ort. Belge 17. Adiantam dolabriforme, North. Gar. ware eye mse, Am. Gar. 144. rubellum, North. Gar. 42. = Sancta Cathariniz, Gar. World — sulphuream, Garden 589. (2). — Victorie, Gar. World 725 Adoxa dibebtastatliing. Lyon. Hert, II 7Echmea Barleei, Gart. 360 /Eranthus Leonis, Jour. 409. Kaciv nantine pulcher, Hort. Belge Aganisia ionoptera, Bot. Mag.t. 7270. Agapanthus umbellatus albus, Gar- en 40. Agapetes buxifolia, Jour. Hort. 335. Agave Americana, Am. Flor. 503; Gart _ Engelmanni, Am. Flor. rog. 2: — me Broo 264. vestita, r. 609. a vena anak Prakt. Rat. 465. Annals of Horticulture. Ageratum nain jaune, Jard. 3 ae costatum, jour. (2). Atieotie glandnlosa, Am. Gar. 95. Aira provincialis, Rev. Hort. 67. Allamanda Hendersoni, rots Chron. (2). hoe — Williamsii, Gar. Mag. 49; Afipuleciss Limnohel! Bot. Mag. t. 7271. ss pease David’ s (ee degre Sebi d ar Ricsaate intermedia, Hort, pe 10. — Sander Tiana, Brit. Gar. 129. (2.) —sS . Belge 8. s. Lyon- king rog. a Lyon- gd — variegata, Prakt. R ee Alpinia Malaces ensis, ee World Alpine auricula, Mrs. Harry Tur- er, Gar. Mag. 280. Althza ficifolia, Bot. Mag. t. 7237. Amaryllis formosissima, wie te bang oui Shank Amberboa tigectite: Illustr. Garten- - 457- A inbeoath artemisiefolia, Am. Gar. Amelanchier alnifolia. Gar. & For. — Canadensis, Garden, 540. (2). Ampelopsis Veitchi, Gart.-Tid. 9 ged apis gee Lindleyi, Hort. Be Amygdalus Davidiana, Su 485. orld 421 ; Am. Ge oy Pon I. Anastatica hierochu untica, ve 497; Illurtr, Gart.-Zeit. 406 , ART. £23< ens, Jour. Hort. 377 PN oo fastuosum, pills Hort. 311. Plant Portraits of 1892. Angrecum ee Am. Flor. 830 ae kgeciorati HO Cae Mag. 135. Anomatheca cruenta. “Jour. Hort. it, .(2, Anona Cherimolia, Am. Agr. 3 Anthemis tinctoria, Garden gr. ie 4 ium Andreanu ee 20 — — var. Ae 109. —atrosanguineum, Garden 28. a hybridum, O. J. Quintus, Gart. 145. ‘ — Scherzerianum, Garden 29. Antigramma Douglasi, Garden 479. 2. a Maite Paar et Hort. 289. (2.) ios For . Am. Gar peas Apple, Alfriston, North. Gar. 75. nie Elizabeth, oak. Gar. Prakt. 75. _ ar ar ey Reinette, — Basil ihe Great, Rural N.-Y. —_ sey of Kent, Garden 519; Nor ar. _ Bismarck’ P rakt. Rat 19} 379. — Blenheim Sa jatar hs 132. — Boardman, Rural N.-Y., 35 —— — Am. Gar. 137. — Braddick’s Nonpareil, Garden * 357:. Aa — Canada Baldwin, Can. Hort. 337. — Candile Sinope, Rev. Hort. 36. — Cellini, Gar. Chron, 21 ; North. ar. 44. Bathe ping Wonder, Jour. Hor ee Catan, "Gales a5. (2.) ae Pendu Plat, Brit. Gar. coro bie die Brit. — 380 ; up hase W (2); Chro — Pom ea Seg Chron. 27 ; North. Gar. 2 257 ii - sia Spice, Garden 406. — Dashes = of Oldenburg Brit. — Damelowe's Seedling, North. + ieee: teach mag Lore — Elisa Ratke, Bip sds gue weenene: Gar. Chr — Eve Pra: t. 379. — Fearn's Pippin, Brit. Gar. 396. _ wg Gar. Chron. 533. zaklin's s Golden Pippin, Brit. Ga b, Can. Hor Fc — Fr —G bbC —G G — Golden Noble ee Chron. 21; Lyon — Grand Alexander 79; Lyon.- — Grand Apor i. acne — Grand Duke ies eae N.- 2. — Hanwell Sowing, North. Gar. ae Hort. 107. —_ etl! Seagal Pearmain, North. Gar. 107. — Hislop, jay. ‘Hort C. — Kandil egg lst. Garten- Zeit. = ‘temck ‘c odie orth: Gar. ~ Kentish Fillbasket, North. Gar. — King ee the Pippins, North. Gar — — Pennie. North Gar. _ Lady Sudeley, Gar. Chron. 332. — Lamb jd Pearman, Brit. —Lane sErloce kine Brit. _ 52; Garden 209; Gar. Chron. . po (2.) oe pcccyper oe Stone’s, Gar. Chron. — Lord Clyde, ‘North. Gar. 203. 258 Apple, Lord Grosvenor, North. Gar. — Lord Suffield, North. Gar. 6. Luiken, Gart.-Tid. — Maiden’ s Blush, Can. Hort. 65. — Mc Mahan ’s White, Rural], N.-Y. aie Bes de Menage, Brit, — Montreal Bounty: Rev. Hort. 20. — New Bess Pool, North. Gar. ky — Newell's Winter, Rural N.- 743 — ee Northerr Greening North. own Pi ippin, eta ees ne — New Sending Rura Old ~ ou Pestmais Gar. 380 — Ontario, Gart ; — Orange Crab, rt. 225. — Peasgood’s Nonsuch, Can. Hort. 346; Gar. Chro (2); North. Gar. 156. yee Russet, Brit. Gar. — Pott's Seedling, North. Gar. 27. sag ote tio no es Gar- n-Zei em — Pecleseoe ace gh 309. (2. ) — Queen, North. G — Red Astrachan, go Sir 302. — Ribston Lae , Brit. Gar. 396; rakt. 33. puree Codlin, Gar. ita = Ruby Gem, Orch. ve coi Randle dius: N Gar aye, gies Nonpareil, Brit Gar — Scncuhmasten North. Gar. gr. — Scott's Winter, Can. Hort. 159. C. — Seek- Hea Brit. Gar. 363. — Sir r. Mag. 608. _ Sistine persons North. Gar arog t Queening, North. Ges _— a Spatiletnat, Rural N.-Y. 667. Gar. Annals of Horticulture. Apple, Tower Glamis, Garden 123. — Ukriana Aport, Can. Hort. — Warner’ whan North. Gar. BS —_— eee nd , Can. vit See nti ural N.- _ ao Winter ‘Queening, Marti: Gak — Worcester Pearmain, North. ccWPaetaules aadeden du Pippin, North. — Yellow Piaevanete Orch. & Gar. 11 — York Veh! Meehan’s Mont tee eater Brit. Gar. 252. Apricot, Hemskirk, poy 337. (2.) Aralia ve Am Nt Ifoy ei Jar os i, Soca 173; Jour. 7: or spinosa., ar. Arancaria excelsa, “jard. Areca B , Gar dss Ripeen ab spubtabitie: Brit. ar. Sr. {25 nai Gtachticalis, Am. Agr. 317. — orientale, Brit. Gar ay (2.) Palestinum ‘Gat 632. —_ tum, sar. 81 oe Can. Hort. 119; Gart. — Syriacum, ee Gar. ar (2): Bull. Tos Pela ener enneaphyiia, oar — triphyllum, Am. Gar Aristolochia ‘Cinvenss: Gah “Chrow. —elegans, Brit. Gar: 5 (2) ven 187; Jor. Hort. Prat. bent diflora, Gart. 187. Pabsocinges Brit. Gar. 313. Gar. & For. 509. ‘barnes Canadense Am. Gat t. 517; — Cruz-Andre, Gar. & For. 2 hye , Plant Portraits of 1892. spice st a Am, nanus, Gar. 78, Prakt. Rat. por mp. 43. — Beg Ses, arboreus, Prakt. Rat. _— Sprengeri, Bull. Tosc. 135; 15- Aspidistra i Dene tens s Mag. 133. Asplenium eben , Am. Gar. 654. — abelifolium, Cates 457. (2.) num, Meehan’s Monthly “C. = — ruta-muraria, Am. Gar. 652. , Gar — China ore Gar. “Worle pos 2.) — — Pyramidal Boquet Rose, Gar. bh 69. (2) — cordifolius, Gar. World 325. _ se meciie -yorige Gar. Mag. 445; Jour. Hort. on 2.) — elegans, Gasies fa.) — Reine Mar = eerie Paelatach, 64. Comet, Am. Gar Asteciecns! pygmanus, raciey ‘Gis ten-Z it. 406. Astilbe rivularis, Garden Athyrium Filix-foemina, Pe 87. (2.) Aubrietia — Hort. Belge — pu rpu rea, ame Harton ce, Autumn Monkshood, ree Gar. 7 Azalea Gecanies Pynaert, Hort. Belge 180. C. — Hexe, Gurdea 218. -(2.) — Indica imbricata, Gar. Chron. 739. (2. — Mrs. plates Waterer, Gar. Mag aoe Garden sori (2); Gar. Chro — auditors, ‘Masban's Monthly 17. 259 Azalea, obtusas, Gar. Chron. 741. — Vaseyi, goa sort ame Zeit. 203. Azorella sp., Gart. Ba ee wea Bertil ‘Gar. Worid 17. (2-) Bean, Japanese Soja, Rural N.-Y. — Reisperl, Prakt. Rat. = ae eg Adenia, Racat N.- — ys Flageoletbobne, Illurtr. Girte Beaufortia sae Bot. “Mag. tr 9231. Begonia | Baumanni, Am. Flor. 561; tr. & For. 77 ; Semip. 19. —_ Beauty a Belgrove, Brit. Gar. i Belipienaie: Gar. Chron. 247 — Carrieri, Brit. Gar (2.)} —cinna — hl crap Ill. Hor — Creciner Toe Hort. Prakt, rr2. — Double Flowering, Am. Agr. 121. ——-' Tt uberots, Rural N.-Y. 299. — Duchartrei, 115; Rev. Jard. ort. 29. — glaucophylla, Bot. Mag. t. 7219. — Gloire de Lorraine, Gar. & For. 2 — Haageana, Garden 514. C. —- hybri ida, La France, Gart. 376. — Laing's Fringed White, Gar. World 7 — — Picotee, Jour. Hor = ae Arnoult, 2. a sacs Lenz, Gart.-Tid as — Louise, Jour. ret 195. t. 495. Brit Gar. — Snails Hybrid, Gar. Chron. 24t.. (2 — Mrs. Jenkins, Brit. Gar. 177. — Mrs. W. B. Miller, Brit. Gar. 173. (2.) 260 Begonia, pee oo Gart. 41; Gart. — Perle Humteld, "Pacific Rural s Jan Gee rfia ana, Ga rden — oe Double relink Am. —_— — ote oe s, Am, Gar. 23. — sem perflorens atropurp urea, Jor » Pra — Big ine) von gn Gart. 159. — — Vernon, Prakt "aes 4573 Rev. peat iE d rouge, Jour. Roses 48. — = So:otrana, Gar. Chron. 239. Thenieat Am. Lope rh ot es berous, Jour. H — (New ‘Seedling) poy 169. — Veitehii Pani Chron. 249. (2.) — Vern Flor Bellis perennisa pl. sicdiag, tiled: Garten-Zeit. 47 maxima, Prakt. Rat. 467 entharie fragifera, Jour. Hort. 32. re unbergii, Meehan’s clas. re Has de Rothschild, our. Hort. 25. ' — Comte de Kerchove, Gar. Mag. 458. Bignonia iam. sicatnte Gar. Chron. osa, Garden 254. (2) G. Birch, ce jes ed, Am. Gar eeping. Can. Hort ae geaal Pens Flower, Am. Gar. Blackberry, ye Bes ios m. & Hort. 1. (2); ech & agai Vick's Mag — pride - the 1 Reg ‘North. Gar Dinsharey. Hig hbush, Am. Gar. 98. Bollea coelestis superba, Gar. Mag Boltonia Cantoniensis, oo Gar _ tisquama, Gar. & F ome jane aera Caen 445. .Broughtonia * lacie Jour. Annals of Horticulture. frondea, Bot. Mag. t. ; C; Garden a C. — multifiora, Ga rden oe ai oer Garden pei North, Bomarea, 7247; ae 19g. Bia vig ripen dan Gar. ee | megas agape ne ee 433- Bouncing Bet, Bratabies. eae. Paani ‘North. Gar. 248. Brassavola ni2hiees Gart. Broom, Bron e, Garden 1 an. ‘(2.) C Hort. Brownea macrophylla, Ill. Hort. 41. Buddleia Colvillei, Gar. Chron. 187. Buffalo Berry, Orch. & G ice in comosum, joer Hort, Buple' ce falcatum, Am. Gar. 9 Buttercup, Fall, Can. Hert, 380. Cabbage, Cocoanut, Garden 339. — Drumbead Savoy, Orch. & Gar. _ Fottler’ s ropa Brunswick, Orch. — Premium Flat i" Orch. & sa I 35. G Gebourhe aquatica, G Cactus, iter hematite) Pra me oa. 15. ae argyritis, Garden 3 leymei, Am. Flor. — “(2) —_ Chantait Am. Flor. 129. (2.) — Clio, Am. Flor. 129. (2.) — Duchartre, Am. Flor. 129. (2-) — Hatzer, Am. Flor. 127. (2.) — Itaqui, Am. Flor. 127. (2.) — Joaquin, Am. Flor. 129. (2.) Leplay, Am = 127. (2-) ices Dup Am. Flor. 129. (2. — Max Kolb, Am. Flor. 127. (2.) — Mme. A. Blanchard, Am. Flor. 129. ) Plant Portraits of 1892. aaa — A. Bleu, Am. Flor. — Mae. Fiatay, Am, “Flor: 127. — Reine Victoria, Am. Flor. 129. (2.) ¥, 187. Gar. — Seiboldii, Am. Flor ate — Fancy-leaved, Calamus y alomn sande Bat. Calanchoe Sostiithie Meehan's y Gua dae rosea, jst eitchi, Jour. Mag. 731. Orch. 226. a; Calanthis, Hybrid, Garden 398. C. Ager le — d'Or; =F vy, Hort: Calendula cialis Ss gran a fi, nip Garten- Zeit. goes urea, Gart. oe Calla Pentland mobs Mag. 383. or Deuil, Rev. Hort. Vit. 273, Callistemon rg Garden se Cc, Calochortus flavu ste fee stus, Gar es 145. — Ken nedyi, Bot. Mag. t. 7264.:C. rhe 7y pulc hellu Gar. Mag, ee (2.) Mag. 187, Illustr. —— venu 12 Camellia ecguinta, Ge Gar. Campanula, primulaefoliz, Garten-Zeit. 122. Borns Illustr. Garten-Zeit. Ca se ivpimmaleegeiiion: Lyon-Hort. 289. Candlewood, Am. Gar. 7 na, Alchotes Bouvier, ‘Am. Gar. — Chevreuil, Hort. Aa 2ar. .C, 3°: : ae Jour. oa flaccida, ‘estan’ s Monthly 37. foes de Courton, Hort. ; elge 2 c. — Indica, Bull. Tosc. ror. rubris regen punc- tata, Lyon- Hort. 273. — rubra, Lyon- Hort. 272. 261 Canna, cette var. Noutoni, Sem — Jules Chretien, sek Mag. 118. — Madame Cro . Gar. 666; Rural fe — oS Foutul Sallier, Rev. Hort. 40. — punctata, “Hort. sigs a oF 3 ale, Gl — Star of 'g1, Rural N.-Y. 299. Cavoarniheveaue Bot. Mag. t. 7248. Caralluma campanulata, Gar.Chron. 69. Cardon comestible, Rev. eae 379: Cardoon, Meehan’s Monthly Popehigodd es elegans, North. Ga oy: 38. — micro:ephala, Bot. Mag. t.7263. Catnation, American Flag, Vick’s Ma — Annie Wi egand, shee s — 57. — Creole, Vick’s M age Russell, Am. Flor. io ee eo foe Garden 56. C. — Miss gee Garden 281. — Mrs. A. Hemsley, Garden 280. — Mrs. Frank Watts, Brit. Gar. (2. co nee Reynolds Hole, North. 201: —_ Souvenir oe Karr, Hor Cowes _F. ee Vick's M g. 57. Carrot, Eee Garde S imeetan’s Mont 172. — i "Forcing, Gar. World Zo eeoet eh i Meehan’s ater — Wild, r. 630. Caryo overis mas tacanthus, Rev. Cassia pete Jour. Hort. 233. (2.) 262 Catananche ccerulea, Garden 25. a Cattleya Alexandrae, Bull. Tosc.330; ag. 335; Hort. Belge Orch. 168. (2.) —amethystogiossa L’Orch. 369. —— aurea chrysotoxa, Rev. Hort. F om eltring, Jour. Orch. 28 — Eldorado, Jour. Orch. ie ota — Harrisi, Gar. Mag I 714 hy rida Prince mg Wales, Jour. — iricolor, Jour. ges Se Aes) — labiata, ema h. a ——L hake. *EVG pes. 304 — —var. ‘Mile. Martin Cahuzac, 304. é — — Warocqueana, L’Orch. oA. CC. era , Jou 17. — feucegioiek: ‘Tea bee (2. — lobata, Am. Gar. 608. 413. ou (2); Jour. bich. 42. (2 a — Schilleriana Lowi. Jour. Hort. 187. (2. — — Lowiana, Gar. Mag. 458; Gar. World 769. — Schroedere eee iensis, Hor — — Siatteriana J Jour. Hort. 277. (2. 4 ictori Pg , Bull. Tos sat Hs Gar. ¢ hron. 808; H sa e 198; Pe Ho — Warocqueana, “igs Belge 97, ( C.; Jour. Orc a — Warscewiczii “ls Bd Gar. wy TIE 757- ri _ Cauliflower Eclipse, Garden 220; Ne Gar. 57. Annals of Horticulture. Cedrus deodora robusta, Hort. elge 268. Celastrus reondan O Gar. & For. 569. Celeriac Giant of Prague, Ray Hort. — Small-leaved Apple, Rev. H 465. mews © is Golden Yellow, eehan’s Monthly y 74. SAE ease cat roo Fae Meehan’s Monthly 2 — White Solid” Apa oe Meehan’s Meehan's Monthly 76. Célosia panache tsa ge ate Jour. 48; Rev. Hort. Vit. 179. — en nachada arg Seka da expos- ao, Jor. Hort. Prat. 129. Celtis reticulata, inate: Garten- Zeit. Cenia fivhho ets, Rev. Hor s nana oe ia 3 8 rit . Gar — one Illustr. tee: Zeit. 457. Cautgoneacn Lucyanus, Gar. Mag. 2: Centrosema grandiflora, Am. Gar. Cephalanthera grandiflora, Rev. fe) Ceratozamia Mexican na, Jard. 19. Cercis ‘Siliqua strum, Garden 342. Cereus aig Hoste Jor. Hort. Prat. — giganteus, Bot. Mag. t. 7222. — grandiflorus, ee 103 — Lemairi, Garden ©. ay steaas Garden. gee Gart. Cerinthe retorta, Garden 212. C. orea elatior, Gar. Mag. 445 a aelintters. Bot. Mag. t. 7265. Chamzerops excelsa, Jour. Hort. Prat. 173. Plant Portraits of 1892. 263 Chamerops humilis, Rev. Hort. 84. Chrysanthemum, Abbott's White. ar. World 373. Cheiranthera parviflora, Bot. Mag. cite Spaulding, Am. Flor. 359. a Sea Amarell HAtive, Cen, Exp'l —_— Pera flowered, Can. Hort. Far da, Bull. 7. 350. — Belle ae Franconville, Rev. — Annie Manda, Am. Flor. Goo. ort. 1 — Autumn Master, Am. Gar. — Emperor Francis, Gar. Mag. 746. 10 — Baron Hirsch, Gar. World 26r. — Géantde Hedelfinger, Gar. Mag. (2. — Beauty Exmo ith, Jour. Hort. — Girotte Imperiale, Cen. Exp'l 355- rm, Canada, Bull. 17. i. NS Gar. Chron. 669. — niorer a Agr. 595; Rural (2. =x. — Carmen Byron, Am. Flor. 362. — Minnesota Ostheim, Cen. Exp'l 2. Farm, Canada, Bull. 17. — C. Cruger, Am. Flor. ae2. (2.) — Orel, cae Exp’l Farm, Canada, — Chinese, Vick's } Mag. 180. Bull. _ ae Smith, Jour. Hort. g2r. 17. _ nee N. Y. Cornell, Bull. se W. B. Smith, Am. Flor. —S> satten ier ag Cen. Exp’! 361. 3 — Dr. Callandreau, Am. Flor. Farm, Canada, Bull. 17. — Spite Amarelle, Cen. Exp’l 363. (2. Farm, Canada, Bull. 17. — Domination, Am. Flor. 359. (2.) — Viadimir, Cen. Exp’l Farm, — Duchess i Ibany, Am. Flor Canada, Bull. 17. es Bist ng" ae Exp'l Farm, Can- ~~ arly - hawerias, Meehan’s ada, 17. aoe! hly 168. — Yello so Claae Am. Agr. — Ed. Hatch, Am. Flor. 397. (2.) pmmic Japan ae. “Fla. — Edwin Molyneux, Am. Flor 43. 307.) Ad: Chimonanths fragrans, Garden 50. — E. G. Hill, Am. Flor. 359. (2.) (2); Gar. Chron. 21 — Enfant des Deux Mondes, R Chinese hiblecus, Vick’s Mag. 162. Hort. Vit 157. * a — Pink, Fire-ba a aig Gar. 19. — Exquisite, Am. r. 307. Se ro — Wistaria, Am. Gar. 747. — GrorgesBevered, Bit Gar.3 Chionanthus retusus Meehan’s th 157; “Gar. World - Golden Express, Am. Flor. 357. 453. — Virginica, Meehan’s Monthly 154, Chionodoxa gigantea, Garden 21o. Chirita depressa, Bot. Mag. t. 7223. — Gustave Griinerwald, Brit. P Gar. 191 Gar. Mag ‘ ’ Chlorophytum elatum var. variega- 46 C; Jour. Hort. 145. (2.) — Harry Balsley, Am. Flor. 3509. um, Garden 577. (2. Chorogi Stachys Seiboldi, Am. Gar. (2. : 285. — Harry E Witener, Semp. 259. 264 Annals of Horticulture. Chrysanthemum, Harvest Moon, Chrysanthemum, Mount Whitney, A m. Flor. 362. (2 ) m. Flor. 363. (2. — Henry Perkins, Gar. World —M. R. Bahnant, North. Gar. 1Q7. = (2.) 133. — Hicks Arnold, Am. Flor. 36r. — Mrs. A. canes Am. Gar. 744; : Sem — Indicum, Jard. 29. — Mrs. A "AG A. G. a Prabbidck, Gar. Mag. — -— Germania, Gart. 561. C. 6 —- —~ FL. Ballentine, Gart. - 373) — Mrs. B. Harrison, Am. Flor. C. 359. — — Kaiserin Auguste Victoria, — Mrs. C; nes Avery, Am. Flor. Gart. 257. 357- — Louis Boehmer, Gart. 313. —E.A. Wood ah Flor. 361. (2.) — Mrs. E. ms, Am. Flor — — Samlinge Gart. 449. C. 360. (2) — —W. Richte r, Gart. 661. E. —E. W. Clark, Am. Flor. 359. — Ivory, Am. Flor. 355 (2); 360. (2. (2.) — Mrs. F. Clinton, Am. Flor. 357. GSE ines Vick’s Mag. 180. 2. —Jj.c ughan, Am. Flor. 359. — Mrs. Gerard, Am. Flor. 397. (2). : — Jessica, Am. t. 300," (2.) — Mrs. et Fifer, Am. Flor. — J. H. Cliffe, re Flor. 465. (2.) 360, —jJj. _Stanborough Dibbens, Am. — Mrs. Hood Wright, Am. Flor. 246; Gar. World 309. 360. oo Riotg Am. Flor. 357 ase — irs, Jerome Jones, Am. Flor. — Lady Brooke, Gar. M 359. ; — L. Canning, Am. Flor a. @) — Mrs. J. G. Whilldin, Am. Flor. — Lilian B. Bi rd, Am. Flor, 357 $50 (2)* 301.2) (2. — Mrs. J.W. Morrisey, Am. Flor. — Lilian Cross, Am. Flor. 362. (2 2. ) 397. eee B rooke, Jour. Hort. 4 ae L. C. Madeira, Am. Flor. 595. -- Loais Boehmer, Am. Flor. 357. — ee? Senator Hearst, Am. Flor. (2) Gartt. 3145 CC. a03. (2. a Am. Flor. 357 (2); — Murillo, Am. Flor. 361. (2.) 397. Bt Mot wport eit Gar. ie ecreis Neyt, Hort. Belge mpon, Vick’s Mag. 180, Cc = Queen Tea beihie Am. Gar. 745. <- Mikate Wanamaker, Am. Flor. — Ramona, Am. Flor. 357. (2.) 359. (2.) — Robert Owen Gar. World 357. — Miss — Robinson, Am. — Rohallion, Am Flor. 361. (2.) Flor. 2. — Roslyn, Am. Flor. 357. (3.) — Miss Florence Davis, Am. Flor. Sia pea Bot. Mag 722 Cc. 2 ie Mary Wheeler, Am. Flor. ou Souves d'Or, Am. Flor. 357. (2.) (2.) — Mine. Lacroix, Garden, 251. — T.C. Price, Am, Flor. 357. (2.) ' -- Sig ae ee et, Am. Gar. 744. oe Cypere, Am. Flor. 357. Hallock Am. Flor. 359. (2.) “en Plant Portraits of 1892. ee Viviand Morel, Am. Flor. 359 (2); 397- (2.) — Volcano, ai Plor. 36%... (2.) an, Flor. 357. (2); soy. (2: — Walter Hunneéwell, Gar. & For. 17; —— W. H. Lincoln, Am. Flor. 357. (2 Cimicifuga spicata, Jour. Hort. 391. Cineraria lanata, Gar. Mag. 201 Seuageies Mees Makoyanum, Bot. ag. t. 7259. — Medusae, Ill, Hort. Gu. C. — ornatissium, Bot. Mag. t. 7229. — Thouarii, Bot. Mag. t. 7214. C. Clematis brevicaudata, Gor. & For. — erecta pleno, Rural N.-Y. 491. — indivisa, Gar den a — Jackmani, Semp. 3 —— paniculata, Gar. & For. gl. — White, Garden, 461 eeian aus’ ‘Kampferi . Ga rden 563. Clethra. alnifolia, Jour. Hort. 2.) Clianthus tae ee Germanicus, Prakt. Garden (2.) 361. Cob-Nut, nsec Am. Gar. 187. Cobcea yee ion Can. Hort, 50; 8. 132. Cochtioda Noealiana, Hort. Belg 49 C; Jour. Orch. 45 ay L’Or ch. 292. Cocus biovbibes~ Am. Flo nzoffiana, Jor. hes Bat. 2I Coelogyne ee pea Garden — Sanderiana, Jour. Hort. ee (2.) Coffee Tree, Ke Matec kis: Gar.7 Colchicum autumnale album, Brit. Gar. Mio x — —plenum, Brit. Gar. 304. — speciosum, Brit. Gar. 304. (2). Cc. 265 gece ts pes , IN. Hor — Mile Alic : ae n 4 en Berghe, Ill. Hor C. _ Yeonne Sinten, Ill. Coleus spe Will Hort, C. — — Past "Sh oaigia Ill. Hort. Cc. Collnsia bibles Am. we 495. Colocasia antiquorum, . Gar, 81; ear: eee in Hort. Conophallus Konjak, Am. Gar Convallaria ssciatia: Jard. 29; “ihe Corallorhiza multiflora, Am, Gar. 20. — amabilis, Brit. Gar. 346. — Ba apo i, Brit. Gar. 347: {2:) Coreopsis ican Orch. & Gar. Cornus alba var. Spathi, Prakt. Rat. _ Kousa, — Gar nod Gar. Mag. r. Hort. (2.) a 65. —— fat. ‘eleg. arg. var. World _ Sibiric Soathii, Gar. (2. Corylopsi pauciflora, Gar. & For Cosmos spectabilis, Rev. Hort. 372 Cc; Costus L wewansains, Gart. 481 Cotoneaster frigida, Gar. at. — reflexa, Rev. Hort. 327. Couroupita Guianensis, Am. Gar. 3II. Cranberry Tree, Orch. & Gar. 67. Crassula Abysinica Gart. 413; Brit. World r, 117. (2.) Crassula, ibride, Bull. Tose. 176. Crategus ~ Gar. & For. 221. cinum Abyss anger Gart. 413. — Jeme eas 27. — Jemense, Bull. gis 133. ' 266 ge aortas Balls: Pgse.: 134} cae 5 SS Gar. Mag. 412. —_ Sibatenie Bull. Tose. 134; Gart. Crocosma aurea maculata, Jour ort. 521. (2. a Crown Imperia i, Am. r. 488. Cryptophoranthus Da eg anus, Ill. euscaeen Blue Gown, Maine, 1892. Report. ny f Edin h, Maine, 1892 § por oa Japanesis Klatreagurk, Gart.- — Japansche Klimkomkommer, mp. Co eh von Koppitz, Gart. 568, 605 ; Illustr. Garten-Zeit. 448. us Peleg raph, Maine, 1892. Re- por Cucumis dipsaceus, North. Gar. 3 Dudai , North. 185. Cucurbita : Melopepe sian North. —_ — ~ Flatsitiped, North. Gar. —_ — "striped Pear-shaped, Cycas a res Gar. pei Cyclamen, Gar. Chron. — King of the Blacks, Rev: Hort. — Persian, Am. Agr. 187. _ ib ersicum giganteum, Am. Flor. Cydonia ‘Jeponica Prakt. Rat. 65; : Cymbidiem gran difiorum, Gar. Chron Cyn ~ car lus, Meehan’s hly, 93. Cypripedium acaule, Am. Gar. 514; eae a 4 Sie DS ; — Reet Jour 481. — ethan pulchellam, Jour. _ bait, Garten 452; Jour. Orch. 2 (2). Annals of Horticulture. ee calceolus, Rev. Hort. — calfosum, Ilusir. Garten-Zeit. —calurum, var. Rougieri, L’Orch. Cc. — caudatum, is aba Orch. 210. ia — Lux Jour. Hot 1a ep Be a — Coambderlainianum, Ball. Tose. 88; Gar. Chron. y sar. For 413; Gar. World 641; Hort. Belge ror; Jard. 79; Jour. Hort. 294; L’Orch. 67; fe) . Hort. tt. 32 x Insigne Chantini), L’ Orc 337: C. 3 —— Creon, Jour. Hort. agit — Daisyz; Gar, & For. 4 -—- Guttatum, Garden 386. (2.) —hybridum gigas, Jour. Hort.: a ipa Gar Mag. 307; Gar. World’ 805; Jour. Hort. st amet Am. Flor —- Josephianum, Am. Per. 70°7- 1M a8. feo ect guerre m < Ins eCha ni), L’Orch. cn. —— Lathamianum, L’ Orch. 20g. C. — Laurebel, eal Chron. 560; Jour. Hor 295. — Leeanum ee A Gar. Mag. 48. — Lowii, dec sige oe 252. — Lucie, L'Orch. Tonsum), L’O — magniflorum, Am. F! 07 — Morgane, Gar. Chron. 217. (2.) — Nio gier B : L'Orc Plant Portraits of 1892. Niger etaeee parviflorum, Am. Be al inversum, Am Fior. 707. ee var. Williamsi, Ort, 20t. 2: pabenesii Am. Gar. 513; Gar- den 386: (27). G. — Southgatense, Jour. Hort. 39. — spectabile, Garden 25; 387. (2.) — superbiens, Am. Flor: 707: porphyreum , Am. sssellatum Flor. 707. — Tityrus, Gar. Mag. 774; Jour. ort. 455. 5 gigas neater — Gar. & Cyrtanchus eck Gar. Chron. 155. esperniite rox, Ill. Hort. a Cc. Cystopteri fragilis, Am. Gar urpureus albus, ‘bitkes saat | Cactus, ri a eae Brit. 0. ~ Contes ot Radnor, Brit. Gar (2. — Searchtociege of Bute. Semp. 221. — Double pe. Zarte-aster, Jour. Ros — Einfache ‘panachire Garten- — Grand D — imperialis, Illustr. exis, Jara. 31. Hort. uc lex Jour. Prat. — Maid of Kent, North. ca 153 oe Single, Ho rt. Belge 276. geeks nain compact pai Jour. Roses 63. se “hu mb. ore 293. 495- Dandelion, vaaoeoane Daphne Blagay Gar. cas nna, fea 3S ne — Genkwa, ‘ona o4 (2) C; . Mag. 292. Gar 267 Datura 1 ae, “ste some suaveolens, roe - meteioide, Garden aoa (2.} Daucus C , Am. Gar Davallia Canmishale Gorden 3085. (2 Bi Abeer Garden 303. (2.) a, Am. Gar. 143. Delphisiam cassia fl. pl., Tom humb, Gart. 655; ae arten-Zeit. 441 peudaanias chrysotoxum, Gar. & or. 533. —lamellatum, Ill. Hort. 49. Ba Soares de Gar. os ag. ae ae ‘Cheon 725; Jour. 2.) Orc - 245. — Phalznopsis, hae . & For. 440. — splendidissimum ceaadihgtoe: Gar. World 677. — Statteriana, Gar. veal —taurinum, Jard. 1 — transparems, var. " Sicvenic d’ Alec, Jour. Hort. 73. - ) — —giga pe Brit Gar. 293; ard. 21 emit at Ts Gart. = modium nudiflorum, Meehan Month Cc: Deutzia parviflora, Rev. Hort. 223. Dewberry, Lucretia, ee Gar 274; Or c Pisnthue ealicouus, *Bot. Mag. t. ga23. CG, — Caryophyllus, Bull. Tose. 16. Cc. Dicentra cucullaria, Am. Gar. 516. Dichorisandra angustifolia, Til, Hort. I. Dicksonia Antarctica Garden 585. amii, Brit. Gar. 145. (2.) — pilosiuscula, Am. Gar. 651. rrosa, Gar 88 — squa' . Mag. 88. Didymocarpus lacunosa, Bot. Mag. . 7236. C. Dieffenbachia Leopoldii, Brit. Gar. 3.2% — meleagris, Ill. Hort. 89. C. 268 Dieffenbachia olbia, Ill. Hort. 31. — picturata, Ill. Hort. ror. Dimerous flower of Cattleya. ron. 21 a5 See amuscipula, Jard. 199. n spinulosum, Am. Flor. 461. Dioseorea fog Says ae Gar. 80; 82. Gar. pl us gl ati "Bail. Tosc. 332. Dipiedeala atropurpurea C] gt rkei, po Ma Ese Gar. World KE; Jour. H t. 457 Disa Cooper, Bot. - Mag. t: 7256 =; Gar 2) Mh hoes c. er Chron. we Fh schi, tes 408. (2.) Dogwood New Japanese, Gar. Mag. Dossinia marmorats, Gar. Mag. 135. Drac riata, Brit. ar sh | ta — ee — 259. (2.) Dutchm m. Gar 516. Rebations agreste, Ly on- Hert ie oe Dammanniana, ar. 224 (2); Gart. 525; sant 251. Echinocactus Le Contei, Jor. Hort. — myriostigma, Gar. Chron. 789. Echin sor Pathieaiei Garden 69. (2.) ecg rai ay um, Garden 452. Ribebioeaie: Gaston 42: 225‘ (2. } Egg-Plant, Cross N. Y. Cornell. Bull. — Schwartze zwergige von Nan- a Illustr. Garten-Zeit. Bleaga longi ipes, Orch. cuppa 157. vifolia, Garden Cc. ps s maculata, et Gar. Elder, vain Silver-leaved, Jour. Hort. 477- ’ Elm, American, Am. Gar. 66 Annals of Horticulture. ee aera Altensteinii, Gar, eae Brit. Gar. 61. Endive, Green Curled, Orch. & Gar. —Indivia ricciuta di Morreale, ull. Tose. 184. scarola a abt ‘ere di Na- Bali Bull. Tos Bull. Tosc sing Angelo, 85. apua ’ Ball. Tosc. 185. Epidendrum fragrans, Hort. Belge — Martinianum, Ill. Hart. 43. C. — vitellinum majus, ea Chron. _ 159. (2-) Eria marginata, Bot. Mag. t. 7238. Erica hyemalis, Garden 420. C; Gar. & For, 1 — hyemalis alba, Garden 420. — BR) PY cxttainons Garden 208. (2.) C a, Briopss biloba, Jard. 283; L'Oreh. Britrichitim nothofu spent Gart. 654; r. Garten-Zeit. 439. SE is alpina, Lyon- igor. 309. mi i , Gart. 456. Erythrina pcs galls Prakt. Rat. Espeletia emenenrigh Gart. 452 Eucalyptu i, Gar. Chron. 787. Ruchars prelate Am. Flor, 445- 2. . — Bakeriana, Gar. Chron. 209 (2); Lyon-Hort. 248. Mastersii, Brit. Gar. 388. subedentata, Gar. World 520. Bucryphia pinnatifids, Gar. Mag. Eulophiella Elisabethz, Jour. Hort. 2); Jour. Orch. 96. (2.) see errk Europeus, Gar. World Haphorbia heterophylla, Meehan’s onthl ‘ Eustoma exaltata, Illustr. Garten- Zeit. 442. Plant Portraits of 7892. Exacum macranthum, Jour. Hort. ota Ferula tingitana, Bot. Mag. t. 7267. Ficus elastica, Vick's Mag. 133. Fig, Bordeaux, Garden — Courcourelle blanche, Garden ~ Dauphine | Violette, Garden 333. Osborn’s Prolific, Garden 333. Filbert, Conutedttannla Jour. Hort. Fire- Cracker, Floral, Can. Hort. 5. Fir, "iat Balsam, Meehan’s y 165. ieeyttiia” Vick’s Mag, 52. endens, Am. 759. Fraxinus raibocarpa, Siac Garten- Zeit. Frazier's Balsam Fir, Meehan’s y 44 Mon y IPs. Freesia, Vick’ M ag. 4. (2.) inge Tree, China, Am. Gar. 374. Fritillaria aurea. Garden a yc. —- imperialis, Am. Gar — Kam tschatkensis, Bes 7?. 2. — Karelini, Garden 73. (2.) — meleagris alba, Ga rden 80. (2.) — verticillata var. Thunbergi, 72. 2.) Puckan, Countess ee Aberdeen, Vick's Mag. Be bit ans ikéctiaa’s Monthly os tryphyla, Garden 32. C; Prakt. at; 7 a _ pubescens, Bot. Mag. t. Gaillardia, ‘A Perennial, Am. Gar. 347. — New, Gar. Mag. 631. C. —_ ee Lorenziana, Orch. & Gar. Galax aphylls, Gar. & For. Galeandra nivalis, Gar. ee 431. 2. Galtonia candicans, Brit. Gar. 409. 269 Gesnera cardinalis, Garden 232. (2.) Giant Live Oak, Am. Gar. 611. Ginger, Wild, Am. Gar, 517. somes Colvillei, Gar. 0 (2 nee Mag. 347. — Double, A ; Gar. oe Waloot (Hybrid), Garden Chron. one Pear Hort. Belge 217. —- Gandavensis Prakt. ek 178; ges s Monthly + (canoe :) ‘Garden — ity yb — “ y oe 3 te us Nanceianus, Hort. Belge 11 — Kiber, Hort. Bel ge Ge — motes and Carnot, Hect Belge 217. — Lemoinii, Meehan’s Monthly 86. — Lemoinei hybridus, Semp. 413. — Marceaux (Hybrid,) Carden Igo, — Nanceianus, Jour. Hort. 63. — Nuée bleue, Hort. Bales 217. — President Carnot, Privigte Belge 217 C; Prakt. Rat. 217. C. — Professeur spew Hort. Belge 21 — Rosy Gem, Am — W. Wa tson, Hove gs iy Gloxinia or arpa ane Augusta Victéria, Sein ce hispida, R — Sinensis, Gart. Tid. 3 Godetia, Lady A Albemarle, Oech: & —Lindleyans, hie Bijou, Jard. 753 Fats Het AT — rubicunda. var ore- pleno, Jard. 75; Rev. yay _ Whitnevi, var. Lady Albemarle, Rev. Hort. 547. — — — Duchess d’ sinsa Jard, 75; Rev. Hort. 270 Golden Bell, Am. Gar Gongora 2 gratulabunda, Bot. Mag. t. , avers pubescens, Am. Gar. 520; Meehan’s Monthly 54. Gooseberry: Billard, Rev. Hort. 18r. Gar. 96. — Do a Orch. & Gar. 159. ate rd_ Lefort, Rev, Hort. — oni Orch. & Gar. 155. — Roseberry, Garden 489. -—— EAB sein Garten-Zeit. mp. — Souvenirde Billard, Rev. Hort. appeals Industry, Garden 4 Grammatophyllum Seegerianum, Gar. World 277. Grape, Bar hatenig, Am. Gar. 718 — Black Hambur *e. eae Gar. 720. Sea Am. 658. hee Mala to Rev. Hort. — Eat os Poster" s ae Ganten 2377; 2.) —— ce wie Am. Agr. hed Rural N.-Y. 681; Am, 732. — Grein's Golden, oar, 732. — Gros Guillaume, gg Psat 29g1. Lin dley, Gar. ae tuk hie os ragaaey it, Am Pahoa s Diamond, Om. & Gar. a Seccnee Early, Can. Hort. 95. a Muscat of Alexandria, Am. Gar. 72%; — Muscat Hamburg, Am. Gar. — Niagara, Am. | — Nene vicvinla, ue Gar. _ Pierce, or Isabella Regia, Pa- ; ary 2 —_! leer Prakt. Rat. 4 Annals of Horticulture. ape, Vergennes, Am. Gar. 204.~ Gra Grevillea robusta, Garden 537. (2.) G _ our eyia Sutherlandi meister, Single, Am. peta Corry” E clieoeiias: ‘Gar. Chron. 365. Gynerium argenteum, Can. Hort. Gynura sai cae Bot. Mag. t. 24 C. Gypsophila Raddeana, Gart. 89. C. Habenaria fimbriata, Am. Gar. 515. —longecalcarata, Bot. Mag. t. 722 Halesia tetraptera } Meehani, Gar. & For. 535 Hedera Canariensis, Gart. -Tid. 145. Hedychium 405. ort. Belge 265. Helenium nag rige striatum, Jour. Helianthus mbiiorc Lyon-Hort. gt. — salicifolius, Prakt. Rat. 328. parr aureo-striata, Brit, Gar. ilis, Hil, Hort. 7%. — G. ica, Am, Gar. 8. Hepatica angulosa, Lyon-Hort. 90. oe faite aureum, Gart.- Hevbaria palchelte, Sones Hort, 321- pane beg coer aa Hibiscus, Double, ES & Gar. 147- (2 Hippophise aie oto Gar World Hop, Variegated, Am. Flor. 489. (2.) Houttynia Californica, tsanne n itt. Hoya leieriaile, Jour. Hort. 485. Huernia macrocarpa, Gart. 526; Brit. TO 2 oa Wo ponies ye Sart Tid. Plant Portraits o 1892. Hyacinth, pee (3 Jard. 29. — Roman, Vick’s Mag. 168. Hydnophtytim Forbesii, Bot. Mag t. 72 Si atkaeek: ‘Cai Hort. 353. Hort. —Hortensia, Jour. Prat. — 258; Gar. rid 7. (2 ‘) — Oak-leaved, Orch & ae Can. — paniculata grandiflora, Hort. 42; Orch. Gar. 126; bongs aes 179; Pookie -Y. 633- — quercifolia, Orch. & Gar Hymenantbera vibrebae lia, on Hymenophyllum ‘emnavad. Am. Kleinia Galpini, Jour. Fort. Kniphofia aloides var. caine Gar- den N 537- — caulescens, Garden 536. C. — Nelsoni, Gar. ron. 561. . 65. (2. Sealewoncal aieuiee: "Gart. 348. Konniyaku, Am. Gar. 79. Kusa-sugi-kadzura, Am Gar. 78. Labisia smaragdina, ser oe rage . pergerrra aurea 0: pier 39h ‘Garena ae. ; dened, Brit. Gar. 201. (2.) —reflexa, Brit. Gar. 200 (2); Illustr. Garten. Zeit. 4:8. — Regeliana, Brit. Gar. 201 (2) Illustr. Garten-Zeit. 419. 272 Lady’s ry Large Yellow, Am. Gar > 513 — Small Yellow, Am. Gar. 515. — Stemless, Am. Gar. 514 ei aaeanals, Gar. Wortd 341. alba, Sao World — anceps a niana, [oak Hort. 569. — its saperhes Jour. Hort. 209. —La ioe: Jour. Hor aoe majalis, Jour. Hor — 3 9 urata, a Orch. 170 (2); . Hor 227. Lzlio- Cates Ingram, Gar. Mag. ay 14i. (2.) — Phoebe, Gar. hen 791; Gar. Mag Lanaebe clavate: North. Gar. 185. apres de Corse, North. Gar. Suelo a eesti pte ae 185. — Siphon, North. CC etee “Brit. “Ge, we (2); ev. Hort. 22 —~ verrucosa, Brit. Gar. g01,..(2;) — virginalis, ce Gar. 362. (2); Gar. Chron. 85; Gar. ie 153. Laitue Mignonette, Jard. es alba, Am, Gar re A a Nash Court, Hort. Belge pee aah corymbosa, Jour. Hort. Latania Borbonica, Am. Gar. 141; ard. o. Lastrea montana be hin tah ; le, ag Layia heterotricha, Ledum buxifolium, Garden: Ag es ) — palustre, Gar den Lemons, French, Am. ae Lentil, Ervilha ‘Serpette + ERE oo ar. & F Liaise rediviva Meeban s ‘Monthly ev. Hort. Libonia Hie bth ng fg Rat. 6. Licuala grandis, Am. Flor. 1145. . Annals of Horticulture. Ligustrum sape nicum, Meehan’s Monthly 42; Semp. 499. Lilac, Medias Lemoine, Gar. Mag. — Michael Buchner, Rev. Hort. tC. — Madame F. Morel, Rev. Hort. 108. Lilium: auratum Can: Hort. 53; s Mag. 153, 182. — Since magnificum, ar. Mag. 502. — Canadense, Brit. Gar. 202. (2.) 1643 — candidum, ie Mag. . & Gar — Fence ies n 88. — Grayi, Bot. en — primulinum, Bot. ee Pain — sulphureum, Bot. Mag.t. 7257- te African, Garden , Vick's Mag. 182 — Pom Spathed Arum, Am. r. 700 2 thers? Calla Meehan’s Monthly — — Scarborough, Seg treet gis (2.) Solomon's, Can a = Three Spathed Ha Pets Bae Lingria Peoria Blase ae 85. (2.) Liriodendeon Tulipiteray_ aire nthly 4; Am oe Hiliifolia, Am. 85 ae hospermum Gastoni, Gar. Mag. — prostratum, jest. Hort. 404. (2.) Lobelia, Gib us, ldelse, Gar. TO ; age syphititien, Paod test 310. Plant Portraits of 1892. Locust, California, Gar. & For. 355. Lodoicea Sechellarum, Hort. Belge 2 Lonicera syringantha, Gart. 564. Loroglossum hircinum, Rev. Hort. Lotus, Sacred, Gar. & Hort. 499. Poole gratissima, Garden 468, C; 99. 2 , Gar den Luffa fermen North. ae 185. — Forskalii, Brit. Gar. 361. (2.) — petola, Am. ar, 5206. i a a Skinneri, Jour. Orch. 273. , Gar. World 389 Lychnis. “tos cuculi, Adolph hae. Lycopodium phlegmaria, Am. Flor. Lysimachia paridiformis, Bot. Mag. Magnolia conspie ua, — 21. (2.) (2.) obovata, Garden Maize, mea > 4 Japanes, Moy, Cornell Bull. 4 — Canina, N. Y. Coriell ngs ag ispine hae eee fogs Ha ychener, Prakt. R aor ah Aceon = os: Prakt. Rat. — Poppko t, Rat. 395. — Szekler, ae err 395- Malva sylvestris, Am. Gar. 471. Mamillaria oe Jor. Hort. rat. — Siniac Gar. Chron. 789. (2.) Maple, ee Am. nal 795: — Sugar, Bate ak ett or: ened. . Gar. 538. as Kerchoveana, Semp. 2 — virginalis major, Am. Flor. pe —. Harryana, var. Grave- ©. Chron. 13%. (2.) ncaa, Bot. Mag. t. 7245. —rTa emosa, 489. _ ocrepmenater he Gart. 89. C. 273 Maxillaria venusta, Gar. Chron. 367. Meadow | a Goat’s-Beard, Gar- Medinil la magni ifica, Am. Flor Medlar, Fruiting branch of, a Megacarpza polyandra, Gar. Chron. 2 Melia Azedarach var. umbraculifera, Flor. 483. Melon, ee Perfection, Garden I — Peach, Rev. Hort. 348. — Peche. Jour. Ss a2: hoe Hort. Vit. 1 — Prince pray Victor, North. ar. 57. — Wythes' Seedling, Gar. Mag. 33- Melothria Abyssinica, Brit. Gar. 360. : Menispermum Dauricum, Gar. & Mexican Deciduous Dy deo Gar. hro Microlepia ee a Pe Orch. & Micromelis alnifolia, Gart. 282. Microstylis Scottii, Bot. Mag. t. 72 Mignonette, Double, Jour. Hort. 7. Improved Victoria, ce hron. rate {2.) Miltonia Blunt Lubbersiana, Jour. - 373- Miltonopsis re splendens, Gar. Mimulus cardinals pictus, Jor. Hort. Pra Mishim an bal Sah: Been 9. Miterwort, Am. Gar Moccasin er, Cardes 387. a Molucella eta: Gart. 76; Sem Momordica balsamina, North, Gar. 185. — goers Am. Gar. 525; North. io. Brit, Gar. ssi (2.) — Chin oS acme, Jard. 111 274 oe Ear em eet, Bot. Mag. t. Monstera a Garden 99 (2): (2. Moeven. irrorata, Bot. Mag. t. 7262. Gar. Chron. 489; Gar. World GEN nae Hort. 399 (2): 286. —_ edulis, Jo our. Hort. 341. Robinsoniana, Bot. Mag. t. — Sis syrinc peer pene Hort. “ai enta Morchella escul , Meehan’ Mont — sichinaiing: var. auranti- Ill. Hort. S relteaaiuns Gar. Chron, 203. Mucuna capitata, Am. Gar. 728 Mulberry, Downing N Y. Cornell ull. 46. — Nervosa, N. Y. Cornell, Bull. — New caret N. Y. Cornell, a. eee N. Y. Cornell, Bull. 46. — Wild Red, N. Y. Cornell, Bull, Musa Martini, ess ce ee 107; Rev. Hort. Vit. chapter 8 ‘Chinese Cosbinctbaees. ort Myssipyliom asparagoides, Gar- (2. en 5 Narcisse sah de Chine, Rev. Hort. a albus, Jard Saceigies Ajax Silent Brit. Gar. 359. — ehcin Dalek: Gar. & For. ‘tr. — cyclaminens, Gar. & For. 209; Vick’s Mag. 155. — Double, Orch. & Gar. 166. — Em mperor, go oi (2.) Behan ind r et Imperatrice, Jard. — Glory of Leyden, Garden 427. a. — Grand Soliel d’Or, Vick’s Mag. 68. ‘ Annals of Horticulture. Narcissus, Hybrid, Gar. Chron. 331, 333 — incomparabilis, Gar. & Por, 21 noe = Gisiid Mundi, Gar. Mag. 22 oni Sh Watkin, Brit. Gar. 238. = Johnstoni, Jour. Hort. 161. i, Gar. World 545. -_-_ Docks ss oe Westminster, Gar. Mag. 22 —var. Mrs. eaaipiey) Jour. fo) Hort. 230. Re — Madame de Graaff, Gar. Mag. I Py — maximus, bse peek 210. nimus, Gar. & iene Gar. & For. Che — Nelsoni, Gar. World 545. Pseudo-Narcissus maximus, Gar 45. — rupicola, Gar. bgine 9 2a Orch. & — Sir Watkin, Pastries ao (2.) — Tazetta, Jard. 154. —triandrus, Gar. & For. 212; Gar. World 545 Nasturtium, Phase Remake: Gar. orld 773. Nectarine, Brugnon bronzé, Rev. md . 468. Nelumbium, Am. Gar vi Nelumbo nucifera, Gart Nemesia cynanchifolia, Gan Chron. 2 7%. — strumosa, Gar. Chran. 277 (2); . Hor ange oe sritiie, Bot. ied, t. itugeolves Hookeriana, Gar. Chron. eng = tateeaate: Gar. Chron. 125- (2.) Plant: Portraits of 1892. Nepenthes fete as Gar. Chron. nophy Gar. Chro or. Nepbrotepis Y aeiaiitalaee Winans, (2.) Nerin eTades ica, Am. Gar Ripaecon affinis, Garden ae Ne ) colossea, Gart.-Tid. 113; Jor. ort: Frat: 118 Rabe 4 79. — tomentosa, Bot. Mag. t. 7252. Nidulariam striatum, Brit. Gar. 16. ® Niphoboius heteractis, North Gar. Reais Devoniensis, Am. Flor. oo Greyz, Am. Flor. 237. (2) — odorata, Am. Gar. 1 — marliacea albida, Am. Flor. 255. (2. -_- chromatella, Am. Flor. 255. -F — —rosea, Am. Flor. 255. (2.) — Mexicana, Am. Flor woes (2.) — Zanzibarensis, Am. + 255. 2. = azurea, Am. Flor. 255. (2.) Oak, White, Gar. & For. 249; ah Ochna multiflora, North. Gar. 8 ae cirrhosam, Brit. ax: 317 C. Gart. 593- — crinitum ‘as ctatten, Jour. Hort. 197. — crispum seg Gar. World 4053 Jour. Hort. 220 var. a onillee. Gar. Chron. — — Sandere, Gar. Mag. 306; Jour. Ho : — grande, Gar. World 213 (2) Jour. Orch. 2 (2. ' — Halli, Jour. Or ch. 299. (2.) — hastilabium , L’Orch. 144. C — Louryanim, Jour. Hor : 429. tzliana, Jour. Orch. 45. (2.) Ger Wee as roderianum, wag. I : ars ptatpobesl aan, Cae: Chron. 587; Jour. Hort. 329. 275 sie de triumphans, Hort. Belge Odontospermam _(sterious) pyg- 497. Gnothera tennis : Drake Rat. , Garden 281. (2.) Olive, F Chenchats Rev. Hort. 318, I — Columbella, ea os 15. jali, Rev. Hor Zeon ugi, Rev. Hor eas Py: — were! -Djemel, Rev. Hort. 317, —_— Gaath Bacdonkk Rev. Hort. 318. — Hor-el-Relid, Rev. Hort. 317, 318. — Hor-el-Rgig, Rev. Hort. 317. 319. — ~ Manzanillo, Am, Gar Net-Djemel, Rev. Hort oe. zcox, Am. Gar — Sahali, Re ort Southern France, Am. Agr. 422 bouzi, Rev. Hort oo eae, Rev. Hort. 3 — , Rev. Hort. 3109. Oncidium Hier isonianum, Hort. Belge a 53- — Gravesianum, Gar. Chron. 651. — macranthum, Y Sepp Hort. 370; Jour. Orch. vi — dicen oe ees = C. sum. L’'Orch. 2 . Onion, Brown Spanish, re Gar ; Garden 2 : ° t Lew - cm a — — Shallot Danish err shaped); Rev. Hort, 4 — (tu fted), Rev. Hort. 495: Dee ag = ee poet x Garden 229. Ophtostactox: pendu 1 um, Gar. Chron. 657. Ophrys aranifera, Rev. Hort. 393. 276 be cae Santee Jor. Hort. — Rafinesquii, Meehan’s Monthly ig ‘Small-leaved Mock, Gar. Orchid, Dove, Garden 324. bet rising se latifolia, eee fae e, erie ea, ter "Woe 391. pshaner Zyeioe practices Gar. 5961 Ornithogalum Arabicum, Garden — pyramidale, Garden 376. C. pbl.oee oo greece tescens, Gar. Chron. Oxalis Hoibunds Agr. 371, Peon sr" albifora, Meet Garten- cc pdapletecaaadl Gar. World —_ Etendard du Grand Homme, Bf 5: Lemoine, Brit, ‘Gar. 33. akon Barral, Brit. Gar. 33. ane Agr. 371. ate: a. Meehan s restart 88. mpas grass, Gar. Chro (2.) -Sapprinek fraetate, Gar. Mag . 614. C; Hort. Belge 73. C. u cane Bull. Tose. 104. Panicum spectabile, Illustr. Garten- Zeit. 131. Papaver glaucum, Rev. Ho rt. 463; mp. 139; Vick’s Mag. 37. — nudicaule album, Garden 584. — — coccinea oe ge ie (2. — — Illustr. Garten- Zeit. Papoula goss oe Jor. Hort. Prat Fpoates sect Gart. 428° é C. Annals of Horticulture. Parnassia palustris, Am. Gar. 6096 ; Garden 500 Parrot's Feather Am. Flor. 421. fe Pasithea coerulea, Bot. Mag. t. 72 Passiflora edulis, Am. Gar Paullinia thalictrifolia, Brit. ‘Gar. 375- C. Paulownia iexpeclatts, Am. Gar. 95; Garden 304. Soothe alba, Gar. World 4 avonia Weight Mechas’, s S Monthly his, Admiral, Rural N.-Y. an Wonder, Gab. Chron: eo 2. _— peat s Profusion, Rural N.- Chron, Ft. (2.) 215. ae ‘eral: Gar. 2. — Daisy, Gar. Chron, or — Heroine, rey eC — Mayor, Rural N.- Rie oe hire Hero, Ral N.-¥, ood S ugar, Am. Gar. 493. Pee Bokera No. 3 , Am. Agr. 189. Seen z For. 438. «| Hort,:287-° G. — Dey, Am. voi 739. — Wheatland, Can. Hort. 365. Pear, Anjou, Can C. — Belle des se "Prakt Rat. 105 cena. Orch. & Gar. — Beurré Bachelier, Jour. Hort. = Gert del Giusti, Bull. Tosc. 4 C; Lyon-Hort. 353. sone Bergamot, Am. Gar. — Citron des Carmes, Garden 33. 2. Cocklin, a Re ae oe 18. <= Contes eren ar, x fe) see = ey. s Comsieh Jour. Hort. 565. Plant Portraits of 1892. Pear, Duchess d’Angouleme, Garden 391. (2.) aster Beurré, Garden 437. < Btior's Early, Rural N.-Y. 602. — Fondante de Thirriot, Jor. — Casto, ponskytiuita Bull. 18 Sommer - Magde lene, . Rat. 325. — Idaho, Am. Gar. 427; Orch. & Gar. 145. _ eer wae: Russet, Am. Farm, & Hort. 16. (2.) — Sno ae . Gar. 85. = Strong Am. ‘Gar. 87. — — Keiffer 18. ci se Pennsylvania Bull. ae te Lectier, Illustr. Garten-Zeit, mp. 151. 136; Rural -Y. 317. ; — Nouvelle Fulvie, Jour. Hort. — Olivier de Serres, Prakt. Rat. —_ Grange Rasiat ne a hs 130° _— Miele Beacon, Gar. M — Senec — Gar. qs7; en N.-Y — Smith’s “‘Bibrid, Orch. & Gar. 162. — Sparbirne, Prakt. Rat — Thompson's, — I id (2. ) Beauty, Mee han’s — Worden’s Seckel, Am. Gar. 135. Pelargonium, a Oh ok ved, Garden 47 5 — Mrs. Otto Schucht Illustr. Garten-Zei a seenitiboractaiadicit ‘Tilustr. Gar- ten-Zeit. 476. —zonale Francois Fumée, Semp. —_-— Mrs. Gordon, Gar. Chron. 587. (2. Pentapterygium serpens, Gar. Mag. Penstemon atropurpureus, Jor. Hort. Prat, 106. : 277 Pentstemon confertus, Am. Gar. 724. — cristatus, Am. Gar. 724. — puniceus, Rev. Hort. 448. ois sak na metallica, Ill. Hort. 79. rneee’” a ten Russel, Gart Illustr. Garten-Zeit. 449. Pepino, ‘Oreh & Gar. um muricatum, Gar. & ae 173- Peristeria elata, sre 324. -(2:) — Li ee , Jour. Ho is 301 (2); 97. Jou dos lots te aigurdeate Brit ‘Gar. 364. Persi miion, Americ. an, a Gar. 8 aria. Gart. 387; Tae : 274. (2. Phalenopsis Brae Brit. Gar. fall __ stttilte ana, Gar. World Philadelphos a rophyllus, : Gar . Mag. 9. se Drammondi Gart. 583. spidata p. 76. 597. Gar. ad y- w ‘> . H. Phoenix tenuis, Jo: or. Hort. Prat. 233. see Sue on Ami Broquet, Hort. e pr cenicts Hort. hte 39. — Franzii, Gart. Cc. — Pommer Eschei, Gat 285- C, Picea pungens. Am. Gar. 278 Picotee, Can. Hort. 237. Pilocarpus Benuattetins Bot. Mag. - 7235. Pilocereus Senilis, Jor. Hort. Prat. Pineapple, inact ore Rev. Pine, Neuve White. Pers — Crimson Belle,Orch. & Gar. 93. — Dianthus igre cae diadema- h, & — Eastern ‘uesicc Orch & & Gar. 93- r Majesty, Brit. mae ~ (2.) Pinus clausa, Gar. & a edulis gh Chr (2.) ee eyi var asa: Gar. & For, 1 — monticola, Gar. & For, 5. trobus, Am. Gar. 1; Prakt. Rat. 732. Piptanthus eg gk Jour. Hort. Pitcairnia Boccsun: Gart. 352 Pithecolobium Saman, Gar. Chron. Pittosporum flavum, Bull. Tose, 216. Platicodon Mariesialbum, Gart. 6 553 Illustr. Garten-Zeit. 441. See os orne, Illustr. Gar- n-Zeit. 107. oe Nor th G Plum, Abundance Orch. & Gar. 64 ; — Baliey Ly sinnes Am. Gar. Lee Gar — Bas aaa Am. oN ¥. Cornel! 3 38. — Bea Gar. N.Y. Cornell Bull, =e — Botan, Rev. Hort. = Clinton, ‘ & Benet Ball. 38. Soto, Orch, & Gar. 13 —_— Doublerdowering Am, Flo ir: — Jeponatae Chabot, Rev. Hort. oe Am. Gar, 61. — Langsdon, Am. Gar. 599; N. Y. Cornell Bull. 3 _— Lincoln, Orch. eG Annals of Horticulture. Plum, Marianna, Am. Gar, 602; N. x, Cornell Bull. 38 — Monarque, Rev. Hort. 252. C New, sh al N.-Y. 5309. —Newman, Am. Gar. 600; N. Y. Cornell Bull. 38 of Wa les, Can. Hort. oo Rangheri’s Mirabelle, Prakt. at. — Victoria, Garden 515. ed — Wolf, z r Cornell Bull. 38. —_ pes Brignole, Cal.. Far iv —— Bulpavtan, Cal. Frt. Gr.225. Orch. & Perey Cal, Prt. Gre 225; Cal. Orch. & Farm Apr. ee —Fallemburg Cal. Orch, & Farm Apr. —_—_— ~ German, Cal, Orch, & Farm ig — — Hungarian, Farm Apr, —_ — Date, Cal. Orch. & Farm “Apr. — Robe de ee Cal: frt. Gr. 225; Cal. Orch. & Farm Apr Gal. Orch. & — om Ca therine, Cal; Ert. « Orch, ee Ape — Se Mat ;: ©al..Oreh. Farm Apr. — —Silver, Cal. Frt. Gr. 225; Cal. Orch. & Farm Apr. — —— Tragedy, a oy cs 225; Cal. Orch. & F. — ein erg Sa ore h. & Far Pinniees cece Meehan’s Monthly 58. Sony an andinum, Rev. Hort. Polyauthes tuberosa, fl. pl. Semp. Polygonatum giganteum, Prakt. Rat. as ie Plant Portraits of 1892. ileal multiflorum, Brit. Gar. (2), Bull. 334. 3 Ghentale variegatum, Rev. ort..37. Polypodium vulgare cambricum, ar. Mag. 444. oss (ix crassipes, Meehan’s Monthly 13. Poplar, Lombardy, Am. Gar. 67. hind 4 aly Garden ie eland, Brit. Gar. 225. (2.) — Tul ulip, Vick’s Mag. 37. eee aaa Gar. & For. eka “paniculata, Bot. Mag. t. Portea nana, Gar. Ma 153; Rev. Hort. V — Duke of Albany, faides 269. — Eiffel, Jor. Hort. Prat — Freeman, Rural N.-Y. ‘Gas, 859. — a Beauty, Rural N.- — Imperat or, Garden — J. C. Eltzholtz's Raines Gart. Tid. 197. — Kernours, Jar — Koshkonong, isi N.-Y. 811. — M. Eiffel, Rev. Hort. Vit. 135. = Mite Stark, Rural N.-Y. 811. unt Carbon, Rural N.-Y. — Mexican | Wild, N. Y. Cornell Bull. — New Queen, Kan. Bull. 3 2 Reber Daccsite: Kan “Bull. 37- — Roussette, Jor. Hort. Prat.154. — Rural New-Yorker, Rural N,-Y. 3: — ve — No. 1, Rural N.-Y. 875. o. 3, Rural N. 7 be — - SGapaieon. Rural N.-Y. 8 — Thorburn, Kan. Bull. 37. — White prize, Kan, Bull. 37. poner na ala Bot. Mag. C. 279 Pothos aurea, ra, Gar, 188. (2.) Pri ee Pc Dose eg tld 305. ae oagae Chas. pte Bont. 82, sine — White Perfection, Garden 195. ‘ — —Altenburger Kind, Gart. —_—_— coer var. Pallanze, Semp. _— Benn ES amcena, Rev. Hort. 300. C. o- denticulata, Garden pie ‘games Garden a Jard. Reeves, Bot. Mag. t. 7246. C; Rev. Hor — imperialis, Am, Gar. 185; Bot. Mag. t. 7217 oe Large-flowered, Am. Flor. 807. —obconica, ile Roses 64; Prakt. Rat (grandiflora, Jor. Hort. Prat. 55; Rev. Hor — Poissoni, Bot. Mog. t. 7216. C. Ti — rosea, Gar os Sikkimensis, Garden 581. —— Sinensis, Am ar. 245; Gar. Chron. 13 —_—— aes ican! Gar. World 229. Privat, cia Meehan’s Monthly Se nea Lee pie nee a oph t, Gar. M ds atr ly flifera, Jor. ratte ‘Prat. Prune , See Plum Prunus cuneata, N. Y. Cornell Bull. ~ Davidian, et = 312, 441; ar. Chron. _ iticifotia, Gar. % For. 475: —m , Am: Gar. 603; N. Y. — tomentosa —triloba, Am. Flor. ae : Hort. Belge 132. C. 280 Psidium pyriferum, Jour. Hort. 136. Ptelea trifoliata, Gar. World 406. » Pteris — Duvaliana, hee Hort. — Cretica, Garden 185. ) —~ rein voslatatil, Jour. Hort. 217. (2 Pterostyrax hispidium, Gar. & For. 399. Ptychoraphis augusta, Gar. Chron. Pueraria: Thunbergiana, Am. Gar. Physalis Alkekengi, Gar. 577. yrus sir ap ce Gart. 399. — Mal unda — alnifo a ae Gar. 436; Semp. 2 = chrysolepis, ore & Poa oe — densiflor & For — macroc conser nesta ‘¢ Monthly 153- — palustris, Meehzn’s Monthly — Pontica, Illustr. Garten-Zeit. SA sora Gar. & For. 55. ana, Gar, & For. 486. Radish” xtra Early Forcing, Gar. d 4 Rapeat | Robin, Orch. & Gar. 73. Ranunculus aconitifolius fore pleno, . Wor : —— acris, , Can. Hort. 380. — amplexicaulis, Am. Gar. 4II. — Carpaticus, Bot. Mag. t. 7266. — cortuszfolius, Am. og 631; Gar. Chron. 465; . Mag. a Gar. World omy Jour. 417. a fascicular Meehan’s Monthly es tye i Jour. Hort. 477. Raspberry, Columbian, Rural N.-Y. — ;, , & Gar, at. — Lovett’s Blackcap, Orch. & Gar. 128. Annals of Horticulture. See herry) Older, or sci a 109. uperlative, & Gar. 81, Reine-Margaret (Come, ig 38. Renanthera Lowii, Restrepia striata, Bot “Mag. t,7233. our, 275. Seunsirt flabelliformis, Am. nied 261. Rhipsalis Warmingiana. Gart. 9. Rhododendron Auckla Arts Gar. Chron. 607 (2); Gar. Mag. — balsaminzeflorum, Gar. Chron. 769 (2: —_-— ren aay Gar. pe 3? ‘Chron. eda pics ) ianum, Gar. Chron. 697. (2. — Hexe, Illustr. Garten-Zeit, 145. —_ Jasminiflorum carminatum, Garden 328. — Luteo-roseum, Garden 328. C. am 19. — Kamtschaticum, Semp. 2 — Kewense, Ga dank mn 474. (2-) C- — Manglesii, Prine = 67. (2.) — multicolor hyb Hippolyte, Rome ol 64, ta oy —_ y Morn, Garden 164. 2. —_——— Virgil, Garden 164. (2.) —_—-— tune, Gar. Mag. 590; mt, Hort, 323. (22) — occidentalis, Semp. rose, Garden 328 : reecox, Gar. Chron. 771. (2.) — racemosum, Gard (2.) C; Gar. Chron. 63 (2); Gar. Mag. 428; Gar. World 629. — Roylei, Gar. Chron. 709. (2.) — Vaseyi, Semp. 295. Rhodorhiza florida, Rev. Hort. 156, Rhopaloblaste hexandra, Brit. Gar. © ‘ 312. Plant Portraits of 1892. Rhus radicans, Can. sri Ly — venenata, Can. Hor Richea pandanifolia, ee "e For. _ 395. Robinia Neo-Mexicana, Gart. 649. Rodriguezia caloplictron, Gart. 281. — Lindeni, Jour. Orch. (2.) — pu ens, Gar. Chiba on. a a: Roella ottiatn, Jour. Hort. 213. ernen cinnamomea, Am. Gar. 343 rugosa m. Gar. 344. i: Sota Bot. hay :-7941;.0C, , Am. Gar Rose) Alfred’ K Williams, Rosen Zeit. 71. — American Beauty, Am. Flor. 2. 257- — Anne Diesbach, Can. H — Augustine Gili olesbae’ Rabeg eit. — Baronne G. de Noirmont, Jour. —_ Catherine Mermet, Can. Hort. NoF pi B6sp. Ky. Ladybird, Insect Lite a vs 2p. St. BEET, plate AND VARIETIES— Mich. 79. N. Mex. 4. uPore - sale 4th rep. p. 106. Mass. State 9th rep. p. 195. Tenn. Vol Breet, DISEASES AND may OF— N. Dak. 4 appa ae AND INSECTS OF— N. J. . 310 eae ‘culos AND VARIETIES— Ind. Vol. III. 38. Iowa16. Ill. 21. Md. 1891 rep. i At. Mich. 80, 88. Maine 1891 rep. p. 96. N. Mex. 4. N. C, 83. . 2. Penn. 18. Col. 4th rep. p. rro. Va. 22. Utah 3d rep. = oat Minn, 25. BLackBERRY, DisEASES AND INSECTS OF— Red — Md. 1891 rep. p. 419. Katies Bt, Mich. 83, N. J. 12th rep. 342. Anthracnose, Conn. Sta , N. J. Special Bull N, Ohio 45) hak Life Vol. V3 6 Box-E.per, DisEases AND INSECTS OF— Insect Life Vol. V. 2 p. 116. Leaf-Roller, Col. 19. Fall Web Worm, K y- 40. Cappace, CULTURE AND VARIETIES— Ky. 38. a 1891 p. 83. Mich. 79. N. Mex. 4. bok : ass Col. ath a p. 106. Mass. State oth rep. p. 196. Nev. 4th ae. p. 19. Tenn. Vol. V. 1. Utah 3d rep. p. 153 Cappace, DisEasES AND INSECTS OF— - Worm, Butterfly, Plusia, Zebra, Cabbage Worm, Plutella, Cut-Worm Aphis, jek i min Cabbag e Bug, ge a and Wavy-Stri ped Flea Beetle, ee ar, N. C. 34. Cabbage Butterfly ~ Boll Worm, Okla. Lice, S. Dak. 30, ge State tee on 230. i, Root, ian Mythology, Vol. Bug, Insect Life Vo ‘Ppp. 81 , 94, 99. Worm, Insect Life Vol. Vv. vas 124, Ky. 40 314 Annals of Horticulture. CARNATION, bbe gi rae INSECTS OF— Septoria Dia og ge maga N. J. 12th rep. © p- 30% Uromyces Corihiiiones Pp. 302 Carrot, CULTURE AND VARIETIES— . Mex. 4. Can. 17th rep. pp. 94, 244. Nev. 4th rep. p. 18. CAULIFLOWER, pda AND VARIETIES— N. Mex. 4. 15. WVa.1r. Col. 4th rep. p. 106. Tenn. Vol. V. 1. CAULIFLOWER, “ay AND INSECTS OF— Club-Root, Jour. Mycology Vol. VII. 2. Insect Life Vol. V. 2 p. 94. CELERY, CULTURE AND VARIETIES— Mich. 79. N. Mex. 4. N.C. 83. Col. 4th rep. p. 106. Mass. State oth rep. p. 196. CELERY, DISEASES AND INSECTS OF— Leef- Blight N. J. 12th rep. pp. 250, 255. Leaf-Spot, p. 253. Rust, p. ae ree sg cial Bull. Q, N. C. 84. Blight, Mass State oth a p. 231, N. J. Special Bull. Q, N. ©. Connell ¢ La. 16, Mich. 80, 88. Maine 1891 rep. p. 95. N. Mex. 4. Okla. 2. Utah 18. N. Y. Cornell 38. Iowa1g. Can. Exp. Farm 17. Cuerry, Diseases AND INSECTS Leaf-Roller, ca 19. Spot, panes Mildew, Scab, lowa 17. Fall Web Worm, Ky. 40. Black Wart, Mass. et 17. Slug, Powdery Mildew, Black Knot, Brown Rot, Mich. 83, N. J. 12th rep. P ae Black Knot, N. bo State, vad wa Va. ae Ny oe eau a Black Knot and Brown Rot, Con ate, III. me Cylindrosporium padi, Riatiowt, a. eration VII. CHESTNUT, CULTURE AND VARIETIES— Mich. 80, 88. Okla. 2. CHESTNUT, DISEASES AND INSECTS oF — Anthracnose, Mass. State, 9th rep. p. 234. CuinquaPin (Dwarr CHEstNuT)— Mich. 80, 88. CHINESE Potato, NOTE net N. Mex. 4. Neb. 5th ae CHRYSANTHEMUM, Dis oa b inecces OF Leaf-Spot and aa N.. J. 12th rep. p. 298 Cuura— 4. CHUN, oe on— N. Mex. 4. Cr ante Laie AND VARIETIES — La. 4th r ep. p. 9- Index to Experiment Station Horticulture. 35 Corn, eee Ill. 21. Kan. 27. acces, DISEASES AND INSECTS Span- Worm; Tip-Worm and Vine Worm Moth, Mass, Hatch, eae ok N. J. 12th rep. p. 402, N. J. 90, Insect Life Vol. CucuMBER, Conroe AND VARIETIES— Mich, 79. . Mex. 4 CucuMBER, Dukie ES ke "pga S OF— 26d Cucumber Beet 40. Milde . J._ 12th rep. p. cg Sedegietiat “inaey State gth rep. ihe 222, Insect Life Vol. Vv Pesicnis: Cabcnaies owa 19 CurRANT, CULTURE AND VARIETIES— Ind. Vol. III. 38. Iowa 16. Mich. 80, 88. oc 8 igs rep. p. 96. ~ Mex. 4. N.C) $3.: Oblace. - Penn Currant, Diseases AND INSECTS OF— Borer ote ec Worm, Col. 19. Worm, Ky. 40, Mich. 83. Powdery ot Disease, lowa re N. J. 12th rep. p. 304. Anthracnose, hibaie aah Mycology VII. Dewserry, CULTURE AND gine res M inn. Ecc-Piant, se da AND VARIETIES Maine 1 sSor p. p. 93: Mich. 79. .N. ¥. Y. Cornell 49. Ecc-Puant, Diseases AND INSEC Stem- beh N. J. ig rep. p. om bans Spot, p. 279. Anthracnose Stem-Rot, p. 2 Burcreo. eres see co Mass. Hatch 16. N. Y. Cornel EvaporaTED FruIts— Sulphuring, Cal. 96. FrenuGrEEK, NoTE ON— N. Mex. 4. Ferns, prorat AND INSECTS OF— N. ji 12th rep. p. Grape, CULTURE AND > Vanens— Iowa 1 i at. ri La. 16. Md. 15. .Mass. age 17: Ic sige 88. N. Aree N.C. 83. Okla.2. Penn. 8 exas 4th rep. 169. Ark. a oe ath rep. p. 109. Miss _ 4th rep. Pp. 30. Utah 3d, rep. p. 14 — 49. Miss, 22 ch 88. Minn. 25. Br tac tect: rh Sie! 316 Annals of Horticulture. GRAPE, prague AND INSECTS OF— Black Rot, Del Powter Assis 9 . Black Rot, Ind. Vol. III. 38. eaf- Hopper Col 19. Black Rot, 28. Powdery Mildew and Black Mass. Hatch ms peice y and es Mildew, Mich. 83. ideo, nF J 12th rep. p. 241 fee afer, N. J. 86, Black kot, R 15, 15. Vol. i:;, Black Rot, Brown Rot and ple hd ‘Coan . State 111. Mi Rot, uae: 23, Miss. 22, U. S. Dep. Agr. Div. of Veg. Pathology Bulleti California Vine Disease, Bulletin 2. Vine Leaf-Hopper, Scart Life Vol. V. 2p. 78. GREENHOUSE— Steam and Hot Water Heating, N. Y. Cornell 41. Ohio 43. N. Y. Cornell 49. oe a URE AND ae 4th rep ex N. C. 83. Okla. 2. Mich. 88. Fic, DISEASES AND INSECTS OF— Insect Life, Vol. IV. 11 and 12 p. 373. eS Mich. 2 Fruits, a oF OrcHARD— La. ae rep. pp. a r6; Ill. 41. N. Mex. 4. Can. 17 fep. p- 200: nn. 1 and 4 Vol. V. Fruits, posrbag AND ~paetiids Leaf-Roller, Col. 19. Fru s. Hatch 17. Rose Chafer, N. J on 350 Seal Insets, “N. Mex eA ged bere Okla. 3. Mass. State 19 Agr. Div. of Vee. Pui Bulletin ‘No = rect Line Val Iv. 7 and 8 p. 260. Insect Life Vol. V. 1 p. 2p. Fruit, MiscELLANEOUS— Mich. 8r. FuNGICcIDES— Can. Ont. Agr. Coll. ay haa Del. XV. Iowa 16, a3 et 2i. = Hatch 17. Mich. 83: WN. Y, 86. N.C. 84, Va. ising i.) Vt sth rep. ps 130: os State rir. Ho pte oth p ur. Myco VII. .o: Div. of Veg. vee butions | Bullet tin a ST . GOOSEBERRY, CULTURE AND p Vanienirs— Ind. Vol. III. 38. Iowa 16. Mich. 80, 88. Maine 1891 rep. p. 96. N. Mex. be N, C. 83. Okla. y Ok ep 6 110, Va. 22. 3d. rep. p. GOOSEBERRY, Dis¥as ES AND INSECTS or— meres and Span-Worm, Col, 19. Va. 22. Acidium grossularia, Jour. Mycology VII. 2 Haz_tEnutT— Mich. 88. Index to Experiment Station Horticulture. 317 Ho.tiywock, DISEASES AND INSECTS OF— fete N. J. 12th rep. p. 297. Hypra A, DISEASES AND ot at OF— Mig tichicls N.J. r2th rep. p. 299. INSECTICIDES— Can. Ont. Agr. ore LXXIII. Mass. siege ab ae ae ae J a ty fs Oe RK. 15. Wyo. 7. Vt. 5th rep. p. 9. Insect Life ee V. 2p. 98. Spraying vs. Bees, ei wir Vol. “Tor ONY. State ar. oe MacHINERY— Novy. rep. p. 423. N.J. 86. IRRIGATION— Perebables and Fruits, Wyo. 8. JUNEBERRY, CULTURE ne apse aE a1g. Mich. 80, 88. Kae So np eats Acs on— Kout- nee Note . Mex. 4. Mase. seit gth rep. p. 196. Lemons, CULTURE AND VARIETIES— La. ath rep. p Kumauat, Cerin AND VARIETIES— La. 4th rep. p. 9. Letrrucre, CULTURE AND VARIETIES— Ky. 38. Md. 1891 rep. p. 420. Mass. Hatch 16. Mich. 79. N.C. 3. Ore.15. Utah12. Mass. State oth rep. p. 195. bio 43. Ga Os Tenn. Vol LeETrTuce, eyes AND INSECTS OF— Mildew, N. J? h rep. p. — Mildew and Rot, Vt. 5th rep. p. 141 Mass. State ape rep. p. 219. Limes— La. 4th rep. p. 9. Maize Anew hate N. Y. Cornell 49. Manpar La. a rep, p. 10. ge ete. DisEASES AND INSECTS OF — N. J. 12th MULBERRY, Curse AND VARIETIES— La, 16. ich. 80, 88. Okla. 2. N. Y. Cornell 46, Muskastox, CULTURE AND VARIETIES— Tenn. Vol. V. 1. La. 16. Ky. 38. Col. 4th rep, p. 106. 318 Annals of Horticulture. ‘MusxMELon, DISEASES AND INSECTS OF— Bight, sy 19, Bacterial Melon Blight, N. J. 12th rep. p. 273. N. Spree ed Melon Beetle, Okla. 3. Insect Life Volk. Voce. pp. 97 an nd 9 MUSTARD, Peete URE AND VARIETIES— N. ak. 6. Nasturtium, DisEASES AND INSECT Alternaria, N, J. 12th rep. p. 299. Eciletaivichion. p. 200, NECTARINES, CULTURE AND VARIETIES— Mex. 4 kla pre geneE N. J. 12th rep. p. 310. Nuts, ic bernie N. Mex, 4. ONION, cn AND VARIETIES— ; Ky. 38. Mich.79. N.Mex.4. N.C. 83. Va. 11. Neb. 5th rep, p. 212. Tenn. 4 Vol, V. Onion, DisEASES AND INSECTS Smut, Conn. State 111, Insect Lite VolV. -2:p.: 324. ORANGE, CULTURE AND VARIETIES— La. 4th rep. pp.g andro. N.C, 83. ORANGE, MISCELLANEOUS— Analyses, Fla. 1 ORcHIDS, — ASES ra INSECTS OF— Gleosporium, N.J. 12th rep. p. 298. Obie ayer a Iowa 16, 19. Minn : Pats, Persian, NorEs on— Cal. 96. -_ Notre on— N. J. 12th rep. p. 301. PARSNIP, CuLture AND VARIETIES— ex, Parsnip, DISEASES AND ac Web-Worm, Insect Life Vol. V. 2 p. 106. Pea, CULTURE AND VaARIETIES— . Ind. Vol. III. gs Ky. 38. Mich. 7 . Mex Ny: 8s. ae 15. Wash. tst rep. p. 29. Can. oN rep. p. 8. Tenn. Vol. V. 1 Peay oe AND INSECTS 0 is ae Ky, 4 fase Liev Vol. IV. 9 and ro p. 297; 1 iz, 00. ot, . sae b ci Py poy Insect Life Vol. V. 2 p.t A Ho Ca aia pian Index to Experiment Station Horticulture. 319 slags CULTURE AND VARIETIES— 1 La. Oo 17. Mass. Hatch 17. Mich. 80, 88. N. J. 12th ots 133. . Mex. 4. Okla. 2. aig ne =p P. 169. Utah 1 Utah 3d a p. 146. Tenn. 4 Vol. V. PEACH, eee AND INSECTS OF— Rot. XV. Yellows, Ill. 21, Conn. State, 111 : . Borer, N. 86, W. Va. 21. Borer, Aphis, ‘and Moth, Ore. 18. Black Peach Aphis, N. Y. Cornell 49. Peach Curl, Mildew, Black Spot, Frosty Mildew, Rust, Rot, Yellows, etc., Jour, Mycology VII. 2. Ret, U. S. Dep. Div. of a Pathology Bulle- tin Tree Borer, Inséct Life Vol. V. Peanut, CULTURE AND VARIETIES — N. Me Neb. 5th rep. p. 212. Nev. 4threp. p. 18. PrEar, CULTURE AND VARIETIES— La. 16.; be Tep: p.:7. Sa a TED p- ok Mich. 80, 88. Maine ae 189I rep. p. 94. Okla. Penn. =r Texas 4th rep. 4 Utah aos ‘Col 4th rep. mm 108. Tenn. 4. Vol. V. Iowa PEar, Sac AND INSECTS OF— Leaf-Blight, Del. XV., Iowa 17, Conn. State 111, Fall Web Worm, Ky. 40. Le and Psy//a, Mass. Hatch 17. Slug, Leaf- Blight Mich. 83, N. J. 12th rep. p. 304. Midge, p. 397. Scad, Vt. sylla, N. a P peaglyare 44. Slug; Ore. 18. Sycamore Blight, Jour Myccions V Dep. Agr. of Veg Upcrilony gates 3, Insect Life Vol. V.2 pp. 100, 104. PEcan, Dee oes AND a: ES La Mich. 80, 88. Okla. AOS DISEASES AND vane OF— N. J. r2th rep. p. 310. PEPPER, CULTURE AND VARIETIES OF— Mich. 79 PERSIMMON, Ca yaaa ‘Det, 46. ex. 4 kla Pants, bese AND pee mee Life Vol. IV. 11 and 12 i ae 380. 7, 2 pp. 89, 118, 12 4. Pum, Coie AND VaRIETIES— Insect Life Vol. V. 1p. 5 he 80, 88. Maine rs a N. . 4. Okla. 2. Penn. 18. ae _ rep. 169, Utah 18. rk. 17. Col. 4th sa 108. N. MSE 38. Iowa 19. Pium, Diseases AND INSE Curculi to, Ky. 40. Leaf- “Blight aed Black-Wart Mass. Hatch 17. 320 Annals of Horticulture. Curculio, Black- Shot-Hole Fungus, ee 83. Curculio, N. Bees ep. p. N. B6.00R: W. Va. 21. Black- Knot, N. Y. Lay as N. Y. Cornell 49. Wada aa Vt. 5th rep. a ey Black Knot and Brown rae Conn. St 111. Black ane ere to ate te Bes P. 23 Aphis, Or ae Scab, Black cology VII. Agr. Div. of Vee: Patisioes Bulletin = fait Life Vol. IV. 7 be 8 p. 263. POLLINATION— Maine 1892 rep. Part II. PoOMELO, pete AND VARIETIES— La. 4th rep. p.9. er oe AND VARIETIES— Agr. Coll, LXXII. Ga. 17. Ind. bss de 38. Ind. HL. oe lowa16. La. 16, La. 4th rep. p. Maine 1891 es 148 ee. & > <. sf Ss? & 373 =F © cc ne is) & ‘ s Di. 500. 31. Neb. sth rep. p: 211: .N..J: Ls Bull. P... N. Dak. 4. Wis. 8th rep. p. 135. Okla. 4. Md. r9. Kas,97.: N.X. Cornell Potato, Disexses AND INSECTS me ae aoe Del. XV. Scaéd, Aes 21. Colorado Potato Beetle, = 83. Rot, Mass. Hatch, sa ei Miss. 19. ot Bl : ia jo p. 247. ight, p. Conn. State, Iii. Mas State oth rep. p. 226 N.C. By . Dak. 30. Blight, Rot ee Scab, Vt. 28. W.Va. 21. Vt. 5th in iat Scab, ak. 4. Wis. 8th rep. 138. Stalk-Weevil, 19. Scab, Jour My- Pp. cology. VII. 2. Potato Tuber Moth, be Life Vol. IV. 7 and 8, p. 239. see W. Va etheate ‘Couture AND VARIETIES— Ill. . Mex. 4. Col. 4th rep. p. 106. Quiser, eases AND hear i tten x. 4. Okla. es DIsEASES AND INSECTS Leaf-Bligh res ee fe Pp. 390. "Laat Mic b-83. N J. 12th rep. p W. Va. 21. Leaf-B onn. Sta bi ON 19. Spot, ‘by, S. Dep. Agr. Div. of Veg. ‘Vanoie, Bulletin 3. RapisH, CULTURE AND VARIETIES— Ky. 38. oe 79. N. Mex. 4. N. C. 83. Ore. 15. Utah 12. n 3 Rapisu, DIsEASEs AND pace or. Insect Life Vol. V. 2 Index to. Experiment Station Horticulture. 321 RASPBERRY, CULTURE AND VARIETIES— Ind. V ol. III : Pag Iowa 16. Ill. 21. Mich. 80, 81, 88. Maine be rep. p. Mex. 4.. N. C. 83. Okla. 2. Penn. 18. - Col. it rep -. 110. Wis. 8th rep. p. 142. Va. 22. Utah ~ rep. p. 147. RASPBERRY, eos AND INSECTS 0 Red oe Md. 1891 rep. p. 419 ce Mich. 83. N. J. 12th 266. Conn. State, 111. Ohio 45. Insect Life, Voi. V. 2 ag ee” eee AND VARIETIES—— ich. 8 N. Mex. 4. Root Grarrs— Rose, DiskasrEs AND INSEC Slug, Ky. 40. Plant Lice a Red Spiders, Mass. Hate Powdery Mildew, Mich. 83. N. J. 12th rep. p. 303. Rose Chafer, - J rath rep. p. 350. Saw Fly, inaect Life Vol. 8. SaLvia, DISEASES AND INSECTS OF— N, J. rath rep. p. 3 SERVICE BERRY, Ste Jasdberry— SHADDOCK, wee AND VARIETIES— thr -9 ‘Spivacs, pees URE AND VARIETIES — N, x.4. Mass. State oth rep. p. 195. oviag DISEASES AND INSECTS OF— Mildew ple, Md. 1891 rep. p. 381. Watermelon, Muskmelon, Cucumber, Pumpkin and Squash, p. 387. Strawberry and Blackberry, p. 389. Qu ae Pear, Peach Yum, Grape, Potato and Raspberry, M 7. Mass. Hatch 1 Currant, A Cherry, Pear Chpects pete, on Plants and Fruit ), Iowa 17. Appile,Maine 1891 rep.p pe, Kas. 28. Aaspoerry, aa t2th rep. p. 306. beh ane '- "306. Potato, PP. 307 and 308. 86. Potatoes, N. Y. State 41. Penn. Ags Va. 21. = 129. ns nage and Pears, p. 132. Wis. 8th rep. p. ‘162. Ore, 18. ) B fe} 5 nd let. : pson. 285 May flower,* J. L: Childs. me 50 cents. Quee Meehan’s Month Meeha MM. $2. Germantown, ebeseagyn song Aye ews Bartlet iriat uae © G. Carpenter. Quart.; 25 cents. Bowe Northwest Horticulturist. * Boothroyd koe apse M. Tacoma, Wash. Orchard a ey Garden.* JM. Little Silve ei ae (Disecoutinned pur- chased by the ashes late in the y Orchard Fruits.* William Dyke. 47; i“ conte, Effingham, Ills. (329) 330 Annals of Horticulture. Orange Belt. L.M. Holt. 42, $2. Rialto, Fieey oi fa apenas “si Forest Tree Grower.* J. J. Pinny. M.; 50 cents. Ever- gre Park's Flora Magasi ne.* G. aS ST: aa) ch Pa. urdy’s Fruit cimaanaeves and ape A. M. Purdy. Quart.; 25 cents. Palmyra, N. Y. Science and Hortialtare,* Cc. eS ecient M.; $2. Orcutt, Cal. Seed Time and Harv M., Plume, Pa. paeg Small Fruit Feuen® “y B. Smith. Quwart.; 50 cents. Law- ans Suuinern Floral papiiiaies Morton & Titus. J/.,; 50 cents, Clarksville, enn. Southern = Ganon MM, mboldt, Tenn. (Discontinued; see American Farm and absteuiuene above. Success with Floweck. * Dingee & Conard Co. 4/., 25 cents. West Grove, Pa. ick’s Magazine.* Vick Pub. Co. J, 50 cents. Rochester, N. Y. vineraain* J. H. Butler. S.-M; $1. Penn Yan nalts Western Garden.* J. W. Page. 7. Des Moines, I Woodsman.* Geo. W. Caldwell. 4/., 50 cents. Svargrenti Alabama. ENGLAND. Amateur Gardenin London. ene oe * William Curtis’ Botanical Leieatine: ~ oir 6 d. London. J. D. Hooker. 4.; 42s., colored. Gardening "World.* “Brian Wynne. London. Londo Fruit Farm Review. Hortieattara Times. * ‘Alfred Root gehen * William Robinson. W., & Son ondon. s. 6d. London: Journal of 1 "Horticlture Robert Gerdes Almanac. Lo Hogg. Ly ndon Gardeners’ Chronicle.* Maxwell T Northern esdcees "C. Masters. W., 15s. London. W.; 6s. 6 d. teach ester. (title Gardeners’ Magazine.* W; 1s. chan ged to British Gardening, 6d. London. April. 15, 1892. IN FRENCH. ales de l’Horticulture. Brussels, Annuaire Général d’ the ticulture. Toulouse. Belgique H poesia Ry Bulletin d’Ar bcaoalinne Ghent. Bulletin d’Arbori caltate de Floriculture, et de culture Potagére. Ghen Bulletin d'la Fédération yl ociétés d'Horticulture de Belgique. Min: s ister 0 vec are Bulletin de l'Horticulture. Clermont (Oise). Bulletin bead nee iété 4 Horticultare et de Viticulture du Puy-de-Dome. o francs. erm erran _ Bulletin te i Société Herticola. "Viticole et len seg de Sens. Auxerne. ee de la Société d@’ Horticulture de Bougival.* 6 francs. = Bougival, Horticultural Periodicals of the World. 1892. 331 oS Bi- memiaiee a la Société Centrale de l’Arrondissement de Mons.* re. 3 francs. Bulletin rie Circle Flo ald’ Anvers. Anvers. Bulletin du Syndicat des Viticulteurs de France. Paris. Bulletin Horticole. Bulletin Mensuel de Société de Horticulture Pratique du Rhone. Lyons Bulletin Me ge ae la Société Centrale d’Horticulture de VAccolitines: ment de ie. 3 francs. Chasse et Péche, Acclimation et Elevage. Organ of the Royal Society of Hubert. Brussels. Dodonée.* 2 francs. Uccle. In French and Dutch. : Ferme (la ) et Le Jardin.* C.C. Bouillot. S.-4/; 4 francs. Huy. Flore des Serres et Jardins de I’ Atesevetin ane Horticulteur. Mons. Horticaltear Challonnais. * Jardin hs Martinet. ee “ 12 francs, Paris. Jardin aay a meeuanies et a Hostioniturs. * §.-M.;5 francs. Bordeaux. Journal de l’'Horticulture Pratique. Paris Journal des Orchidées.* Lucien Linden. 'S.-M.; 10 francs. Brussels. a is ournal des Ro . Paris. Illustration Horticole.* J. Linden. 4/.; 30 francs. Brussels. Li i : Lyon ole.* Viviand-Morel. S.- francs yons. ; Moniteur d’Horticulture.* Lucien Chauré. S.-4/.; 6 frances. Paris. Moniteur d’Horticulture, ether etc. Paris. Orchidophile.* A. Godefro 2 francs, 50 cents. Organe du Centr @ Hortcoa (ents Siceykeins. S.-M, ; Sivatinbes lez-Gand. Bel : Progrés Agricole et Viticole.* L. Degrully. ms 32 ee Montpelier. Revue Horticole.* E. A. Carriére. S.-4/.; 20 fran Paris. Revue de l'Horticulture Belge: es “ea Pyaeert re peaseals Revne oe le et Viticole.* E. Vancher. 7; 8 francs. Geneva, Sw Revue Vinicole. Paris. IN GERMANY. Deutsche ocnbast ge i F elaeite Deutscher Berli Deutcher Garten-Kalender Ber Deutsches ~~ n fiir aaaeiad ehieos a a Freyhoff's Garten-und Ackerbau-Zeitung. Oranienburg. Erachigarten.* ea jalan Jablanzy. 4/.,; 3 florins. “Vienna sairtner Garten-und Blumenfreund. Cass Garten-und Blumenzeitung. ree + marks. Hamburg. Gartenflora.* L. Wittmack. 4/.; 20 marks. Berlin. Hamburger Garten-und 4 leshaeeZeltany, Hamburg. 332 Annals of Horticulture. Handelsblatt se er; Deutschen Gartenbau und die mit ihm verwandten weige.* Berlin Illustrite avten Ze ng. Stut vedi hn pars cs ies * . pikes S.-M. ,; 3 florins. Vienn Journal fiir Landwirt = at * G. Liebscher. Quart., ro marks. Berlin. Monatsblatt fiir Garten Kiel. Monatsschrift des aie eva Rudolf Noack. J/., 2 marks, 50 cents, armstadt. Meets ey eucalcan sen * Dr. Paul Arendt. J/.; 2 marks. Ber- lin -Fri Medetencielts far Obst Bas We inbau. Frauenfeld. Nachrichten aus dem G e des Garte “gtaeany der Landwirthschaft, Fish- rei und Ja ed. Vilehofen und Hac Natur und Hues in ia and Hesdortfer. Obstbau.* Karl fee M.; 6 marks. se Obstgarten. Klosternenburg, bei Wien Obstmarkt. Berlin piaciells Ausstellungs- -Zeitung der Herbst- J: > Stati ‘der Kélner Gar- enbau-Gesellschaft im he vs each * Kéln ieee nates Monatschefte. Stuttgar Praktische Obstziichter. Kiosterneuburg bei Wie Praktische eo re hota und Gartenbau.* Tokai Bottner. W.; arks. ra a. O. Rheinische Blatter (ot Obst. Wein-und Gartenbau. Strassbur sar Gartenschrift. Carlsruhe. Vereinigte Praneotnrioe Blatter. — rf. stat P. Lamber sel. Schleswig Holateinioche Zeltechsitt fir praia eae * M.,; 1 mark. Schweizerische ——— id et Weinbau. Dr. Miiller-Thurgau. 5 mar W: Schweizerische Gartenbau, . Miiller-Thurgau und Echtermeyer. Wadens- weil, Sw raube.* pa se M.;2 marks. Berlin. Wiener iitaperinte ‘Garten-Zeitung. * Dr. G. R. Beck von Mannagetta. J/.+ 16 marks. ienna. Zeitschrift fiir Obst-und Gartenbau, Leipzi ‘ Zei gras fiir bildende Gartenkunst.* Karl Kampel. S.4/.; 10 marks. Ber IN ITALIAN, SPANISH, PORTUGUESE, Bulletino della R. Societa Toscana d’Horticultura.* 4., ro lire. Flor- en t ‘ Fruttae Vino. Milan. Giardini. Mila Jornal de Horticultora P Pratica.* Eduardo Sequeira. JZ, 13 francs. O uga icu O’ Floricu po Revista de Hoxticalnara, rey de Janeiro, Revista ortocola. Pallan Horticultural Periodicals of the World. 1892. 333 MISCELLANEOUS. Dansk Havetidende. Copenhag GyiimGleskiztesz és Konyhakertészeti Fiizetek.* Budapest. Gartner-Tidende. L. helw W.;6kroner. Copenhagen. Het ha ederlandsche Tuinbowblad. * Hugo de Vries. W.; 5 francs. Horticulturist. * The ere Journal of the Horticultural Society of New South Wale M.,; Sidney, Australia. Journal of the Board of Viticaltare Victoria, Australia. Haabcenéa Fiizetek. Pycckar ies pea ara pee Gardening).* W.; 4 rupees ($2). Moscow. sting land aod een te * W. “yess pence i usskoe Sa — Agr = Grell. ae oubles. Moscow. “tno n&C Tidning For py pana ea x yea W.; 2 kroner, 50 Gre. Stockholm Vigneron and Fruit Growers’ Journal, Australia. $ 11. Tools and Conveniences of the Year. VARIOUS DEVICES FOR FACILITATING HORTICULTURAL LABOR, WHICH HAVE BEEN INVENTED OR FIRST PROMINENTLY MENTIONED IN 1892. [None of the devices here described are in any way recommended by the Editor. ] ’ : SectionaL PLow Beam.—(Figs. 1 and 2.) A joint is made Pic i. culturtist, 305. Tools and Conveniences of the Vear. 335 Home-Mave Sussoi, Plow.—(Fig. 3.) The standard is a . Fic. 3. bar of iron two feet long, two and a half inches wide and about half an inch thick, hammered to an edge at the lower end, and then drawn to a flattened point, so as to admit a soil three or four inches below the line of the surface plow- ing.— W. J. Noble, in American Gardening, 168: RotiteR AND MaRKER—(Fig. 4.) An ordinary log marker, 3 or 4 feet long, with iron pins driven in the center on each side ‘ t tinuous mark.—-Greiner’s New Onion Culture. Also, American Gardening, 247. 336 Annals of Horticulture. Home-Mapr Garpen-Rotier.—(Fig. 5.) Take a sound piece of chestnut log 15 or 18 inches iron pins or bolts at each end. Fasten the roller part to a simple handle by means of two pieces of wagon-tire, as shown in the illustration.—American Gardening, I04. Garpen Router. —(Fig. 6.) Is Fic. 5. made of a belt paleo chine being 18 inches in diameter with a 1o-inch tire, and framed as shown in omens It rolls the rows leaving the space between loose.—W. W., in American Gardening, 41. ADJUSTABLE MARKER. inches wide, and is spiked Fic. 6. to a board 8 feet long an inches wide. The end Ee are mortised an inch from the top, so that they slip readily on this frame- board. They are held in place by wire spikes, slipped into holes bored through the runner and also through the frame - board. The distance can be read- designed to run over Tools and Conveniences of the Year. 337 a wire which has been stretched where the row is desired. The wheel is kept clean by means of the spur which extends into the groove. — Maurice Lacaze, in Journal d@' Agricul- ture Pratique (Revue Horticole, 184). Barrow MarKER.—(FiG. 9.) A 2x2 in. stick, A, 4 feet long, is attached to a wheelbarrow, with a hoop- Fic. &. stick or bar to the wheelbar- row frame, by aclasp of hoop iron. —Farm and Home. Home-Mapre WEED KILier.—-(FIG. 10.) The weeding-blade is made of an old saw-blade, and fastened toa frame which may be raised or lowered at will. —R. A. Kummel, im American Gardening, 293. Weep KiLLter—(Fic. . patented im- provement on Breed’s -<— weeder, known as Vreeland’s minator and 4% Smoothing = Harrow.— Rural New- Yorker. 338 Annals of Horticulture. Mr. B saan cesmgenaeaay _ weeds and burn them ina furnace. An engine is mounted upon four wheels, I by Bap ts Nagy 5 land per day. It requires two men ? to operate it. The engine is from six to eight horse-power. Hanp WeeEpeER.—(Fic. 12.) One of the simplest yet best tools used in our onion and other beds this season e to x of a illustration. ed The cutting- : ae edges of the . Fic. 14. ~weeder were filed sharp.—JZ. G., in American Gardening, 104. _ Srone Boar | springs under : Fic. 15. _ Tools and Conveniences of the Year. 339 the flat form to prevent bruising the fruit.—Z. D. Snook, in merican Agriculturist, 177. Fruit Growers’ Carts. —(Figs. 14, 15 and Fic. 16, | and are made from 2-inch, hardwood plank : bolted ieee and bound on the edges with hard-iron, as shown in Fig. 16.—Z. D. Snook, in American Agriculturist, 17 ProposeD New Sprayinc-MacuineE.—(Fig. 17.) The Wark Lane Ex- oe proposes which blows it to one side, so that frequently some vines are not touched at all, while others are completely drenched. Again, but one side of the vine is sprayed, the other being neglected because it rests on or near the gr round. For these reasons a illustrated. A is a hoo The spray is driven out through B B B, inside this roof, so 340 Annals of Horticulture. that it must fall upon the vines. CCC are nozzles. D isan air-chamber for re- gulating the it 1S tan for carrying the mixture re curved rods of iron wood for eleva- ting and holding up all ‘‘down” vines under the roof until the spray has reached them. These rods reach under and lift up the vines, which otherwise would have only their upper sides wet with the mixture. Smee Insectr-CarcHer.—(Fig. 18.) This device is simply made from a waste newspaper, and held under trees and shrubs when gathering caterpillars from webs or colonies. When the insects are gathered the holder can be folded in from the end, and the insects destroyed by treading on them. —American Gardening, 688. Rig 38: ir shown. When the first barrel is full, the overflow runs into the second, etc., until all are full.—-dug. W. de Vries, in Der Praktische Ratgeber im Obst-und Gartenbau, 84. Tools and Conveniences of the Year. 341 A WateErR-CartT AND SPRINKLER. —(Figs. 20, 21 and 22.) The ZK SIDE VIEW SIDE VIEW Fic. 20. ling attachment must be bough plumber’ s. t t a It takes 242 Annals of Horticulture. one stop-cock, one T, four pieces of pipe about a foot long, ee ia ae Ppp the shaf st om ! rise f e shafts (ig ya. Ut od bar of th ae SFE * gr OG +44 = . oe Coe aide’ shortened: to oie” 2 a ae make it fit the ; nye tot ZE axle. The figures tly ea 20, 21 and 22, Fic.: 22: One : herewith, illus- trate this sprinkler. /. Z. Pogue, in American stestrsitie 5. th SPADE FOR SETTING GRAPES.— a Ee = a through, as shown in —Mau Lacaze in Journal 7A Poa Pratique (Revue Hor- ticole, 184.) Hoop-IRon HOeE. cae g- gin ma On n old Lie hated Amer. re 616. Tools and Conveniences of the Year. TooL FOR eras 2 GRO re-fork 343 WERS.—(Fig. 25.) An old ma- with broken tines can be easily ttanstriied into a useful implement for cutting suckers and weeds out of the rasp- Fic. 25: tration. —American Garden- ing, 165 Homer-Mape Toors.—(Fig. 26.) The illustrations show Fic. 27. plantat Fic.: 26. tools made from a cast off hand Sa At the left is shown a The rig pruner. The central figure 1s a sod —/J. Hayes, in American Gardening, 226. American I 741. 344 Annals of Horticulture. Home-Mapve Drsser.—(Fig. 28.) The dibber is made of thin spring steel. It is about 7% inches long, and 134 inches wide at the widest part. The handle may be like that of a chisel, or shorter and cylin- drical, as large as the hand can conveniently grasp. It should be finished on the emery wheel.—Car/ H. Potter, in American Gardening, 616. Home-Mape Sop-Currer.—(Fig. 29.) | The device is simple, and made suffici- FiG. 29. bac should be kept sharp. Sods cut oath this tool are of even thickness and width, and perfectly square at the sides, so that they fit closely and tightly together.—American Gardening, 492. REMOVING LARGE PLANTS, oe 30.) J. Fic. 28. M. Samuels, chief of the Department oval of large used for xhibition pur- The b the dimensions Tools and Conveniences of the Year. 345 must necessarily vary according the size of the plant to be moved. The box is made in four sections, and for one of the following percent toes 1¥%-inch boards should be used. A shows the inside of two opposite sections, 4 feet wide at top, 3 feet at bottom ceded 3 feet deep. Scantlings 2x4 are nailed to each end, through which are bored holes to correspond with the size of the iron rods to be used. B gives the outside view of the other two sections, 3 feet 4 inches wide at top, A strip 1x6 is pre tly. This shoul placing the sections A on opposite sides of the ball, passing the rods the inside of the rods, and screw up the nuts sufficiently to secure the earth. If any soil has broken away from the out- side of the ball, fill in carefully with fine soil and crowd down tightly with a pointed stick. Foipinc Tretus.—(Fig. 31. ) Two stakes are driven firmly into the ground, pro- t. ‘- Two winter ptotection. —American petal Sone 363. 346 “Annals of Florticulture. TRELLIS FOR TENDER GRrRapEs.—(Fig. 32.) A a@ are posts set in the ground wiih enough space above to receive the bolts at 66. The props or braces dd are also bolted to the y trellis at cc. n case it is desired: to have the trellis stand upright, two more braces can be attached at ¢ c.—Exchange. Bus PLantTer. (Fig. 33. The de- vice is a brass or iron cylinder or tube about an inch in diameter. Inside this tube.—Hugh C. McLean, in American sale 74l. SEED CuTTreR.—(Fig. 34-) The. Aspinwall potato-seed cutter, patented. Tools and Conveniences of the Year. 347 PruninG SHEARS.—(Fig. 35.) Fic. 35- in Obst-und Gartenbau, 157. Pruninc Saw.—(Fic. 36.) The teeth’ upon the same s1 ide of the saw in Der Praktische Ratgeber im Obst-und Gartenbau, 157. Device ror FasTENING TWO LADDE TocrruEer.—(Fig. 37-) The device The large blade is not fastened tightly to the handle. It is attached by means of a pin, which allows it to yield to pres- ment is very smooth as the blade is gradually drawn against the wood and is not forced directly through it. —Bottner, in Der Praktische Ratgeber | eg we enk bee : ‘2 Sa VICE sg tie YARN UPON TREE ont BT. A spool of aoa size is Tesecnan to the end of a pole by means of Fic. 44. Tools and Conveniences of the Year. 351 a pin. A wire having a loop i in the center for the passage of he twine is fastened at each end to this in. The twine is drawn out on the pole, is moved over or around the tree. For scaring birds away from cherries.—Meinecke, in Der Praktische Ratgeber im Obst-und Gar- tenbau, 230. FRAME FOR Ho.tpinG Fruitr.—(Fig. 46.) The rack may be folded, as shown in the illustration.—A.: ZLesne, in Revue Horti- cole, 351. New Tyinc Mareriat.—Under the name ‘‘Taroba’’ the proprietor of McAr- thur’s Nursery, Maida Vale, London, W., imported a new material for tying plants, and the trial having been satisfactory, it is resolved to use nothing else there for that purpose. Itisa re of Mauritius, thing ever introduced to use for the pur- pose, as it stands wet or drought equally well.— Zhe Gardener's Chronicle, Vol. xi. 81. BaNDaA FASTENER upon a stout wire at the ends of which are a hook and aneye. As thetree 352 Annals of Horticulture. grows the Gorks tai —Jokisch, in Der Praktische Ratgeber im O t-und Gartenbau, 264. EXHIBITION LaspeL HO.Lp- Ss is inserted in Fic. 47. the coil, as shown in Fig. .— Karcher, in Des Praktische Ratgeber im Obst-und Gartenbau, 67. Lage. ror Bérps.—The face is made of zinc 314 x 1% inches; on the back are soldered two iron rods for legs. These two supports hold the label firm, prevent it from turning about, andenable it to beeasily © thrust re the soil.—£x. GLa LaspeEL HoLpER.— (Fig. sa ) The label is made mw} Of glass. It is hollow in the center, but an opening allow ing the passage of a paper label is left at the bottom. After the label has been putin, the open- ing is closed with plaster of aris or some other material. —Der Prabtincke Ratgeber im ~ Fig. 49. Obst-und Gartenbau. Fic. 48. Tools and Conveniences of the Year. 353 TREE Protecror.—(Figs. 51, 52.) Made of lath, cut two Sins Gani de Rihan Fic. 50. ae or three feet long. Seven or eight laths are used to each tree, and they are held together by No. 18 wire. The device is easily made on a bench, as shown in (Fig. 52.) On the upper side is a wooden spring to hold the material taut while the laths are being wired together.—Z. S. Goff, in American Gar- dening, 763. TEmMPERING Hyprant Warter.—Take 3-inch pipe 3 feet long and run the heating pipe through it. This outside pipe is to contain the cold water. This outside or jacket pipe has looks down. These T’s are prolonged by bts Fic. 52. 354 Annals of Horticulture. t-inch nipples about 4 inches long, upon the end of each of which is acap with a half-inch hole drilled through it. This cap fits tightly about the steam pipe, and all leak is prevented by a little packing.—Zx TEMPERING Hyprant Water.—lIn the old style of hot water heating where 4- inch pipes are used, warm water can be Ree had by building an inverted U- shaped 53: hollow galvanized jacket over the pipes. This jacket should be big enough to hold about 20 bbls. If it straddles a run of four pipes, the water will. soon heat, if the jacket is only five or six inches thick. Connect hy- drant supply with it at one side near bottom and draw off from the top.—Zx PLant Protector. (Fig. 53.) Made of No. 8 wire, and is 15 inches in diameter. The frame is covered with netting or cheese cloth.— Farm and Home. tence FOR SHIPPING BOUQUETS a Cut-FLowers. ee 55-) Fic. 55. The basket is made of wire. If Tools and Conveniences of the Year. 355 cloth is put on the Parc it will do oe to preserve the —Der Praktische Ratgeber tim Obst-und Gartenbau, 40. Fic. 56. Fiorat Basket.—(Fig. 56.) The lower part consists of metal ; it is designed to hold water. The cover which fits found.—Montey, in Revue fforticole, 421 CELLAR- War Pant Pir. aie. 57, 58.) The cellar- way sone invariably is tube in which they are ft ' inner cellar door is left open, and danger from freezing thus. avoid 356 Annals of Horticulture. The cellar stsps serve as plant-shelves.—American Gardening, I05. Fic. 58. Our hods are two feet long, twelve / inches deep, fourteen wide at the top and five at the bottom, and are of eae pine; the bott inch stuff. We ee ake that in Fic. 60. Cetitar Hot-Bep.—(Fig. 59.) Oppo- site a warm south cellar window, B, a A shows the sill of the house. If the cellar is warmed with a furnace, enough heat can be secured by opening the window, B. American Gardening, 225. GREENHOUSE Hop.-—(Fig. 60.) Car- rying dirt is a bad job anyway; yet the use of the hod makes it as easy as can be expected. Besides, the hands are left comparatively ate and the work of yee ao ing the Fic. 59. and carry the dirt 75 to 100 feet.—Z. C. Green, in American anos WATERING Por. ae 61.) metal ad is fastened to the toca Tools and Conveniences of the Year. Ete, id « of the pot, and the seister © of air through the holes (h) keeps the bottom of the ¥.> fo the end of the spout (e) is eee a smooth conical piece of metal (d), and avoided. The funnel is cleaned from the opening (f), over which a ag is tightly screwed. Be oot Hildebrandt, in Garten- Jlora, 3 358 Annals of Horticulture. SELF-WATERING SHELF.—(Figs. 62, 3.) The shelf ‘con- Q\ Q ts of a metal trough corrugated er’s Chronicle, xi. abt FLower Por WITH WatTER- RESERVOIR. — (Fig. 64.) The pot is made of clay. The lower part consists of a deep vessel capable of holding water. The upper part is shaped like an ordinary flower pot, but the sides are extended Tools and Conveniences of the Year. 359 . ? than the reservoir when put in position. The water is drawn up by means of a sponge or some similar material which downwards, so that the bottom of the pot stands a little higher Fic. 65: is placed in the tube leading from the bottom of the pot to the bottom of the reservoir. Unless the tube is made quite small, too much water will be drawn up.—X. Betten, in Der Praktische Ratgeber im Obst-und Gartenbau, 63. _ Grazinc. —(Fig. 65.) The new clip, made of zinc, for use in glazing all kinds of horticultural structures, dispenses with in the first cost of labor, The smaller To Kitt Green-Fiy.—Take a 6-inch flower pot, enlarge the hole to an inch in diameter, make a supporting wire frame with a handle over it like a bucket and which will raise it about an inch from the floor. C tobacco stems an inch or less long, dampen them a little, and fill the pot. Light through the hole in the bottom. It gives no flame, and burns very slowly. £x. Coot CatceotartA Bencu.—The bench has a double 360 bottom, there being a space of about fifteen inches. viPg- STEAM SUPPLY FROM BOILER- WATER GUAGE COLUMN: Fic. 66. cylinder. Close the water pipe valve’ but open the steam valve. In a few material will boil. open the _ water-pipe valve, and the juice will t4 copper tube witha screw, H, dropped into the small end and soldered Annals of Horticulture. In this is inserted through a door in the side, next the walk.—/ohn Thorpe. AppLyING Topacco Juice.—(Fig. 66.) A cylindrical tank, holding 50 gallons, is connected with %- inch steam pipe directly from the boiler, and also- with the ordinary watering pipe system. five or six gallons, of tobacco ex- tract, and below it is a water guage column to show the hight of water in the cylinder. When let: a into the tobacco juice is required, gallon of the extract Tools and Conveniences of the Year, 361 fast three-fourths around the end. The board, A, is nailed into | {jd im ue ys barrow. Eisthe works through the oil-hole at | D.C Fo r B Rural New- Yorker, 701. (Fig. 68.) The uprights, 4A 4d, shelves. rest upon the blocks, aa. Acleat, 4, is ad Fic. 68. fastened at the top and rests in the sash groove, to prevent the shelves from tipping out. JZ is a shelf 8 inches wide. The shelf is held in place by chains which are fastened at each end by screw-eyes. The screw-eyes are fastened at ddd in the upright 4.—/. Marion Shull, in Rural New- Yorker, 74. FALCONNIER Bricks MapE or BLown Gtiass.—Mr. Fal- They are house in the Park Tete d’Or, of Lyons, France, with very satis- factory results. The price of the bricks is at present too high to allow of their general use; they sell for 24 fr. per 100 362 Annals of Horticulture. about 50 being required per square meter. They are also used for roofs.—Revue Horticole, 230. Heatinc Hot-Beps.—(Fig. 69.) The vagy cna shows a method of ve a pace bed by means of a hot-air flue from a furnace or stov A rude fire-place will answer. A board shield under the "bed will distribute and equalize the heat. Give the flue a rise of 9 inches in 50 feet.—Zimer E. Summey, in Rural New- Yorker, 139. $12. Necrology of 1892. IN AMERICA. * AntHony B. ALLen, founder and first editor of Zhe Amer- tcan Agriculturist, died at his home at Plainfield, N. J., Jan- uary 12, at go years of age. * ; ANDERSON, a well known botanist, ae assistant ed- itor of The American Agriculturist, died Dec er 22, 1891. He was born in England in 1866, and first heads known as a botanist in Montana. He later came under the employment of the Department of Agriculture, and was for a time associ- ated with J. B. Ellis in the preparation of uy for the latter’s work upon Amenean | angt. P. M. Aucur, State Pohnclieiat of Connecticut, died July 14, 1891. The nursery business with which he was connected is now conducted by P. M. Augur & Sons. oe CHARLES EpwarD Bart, of the fruit house of C. Bart & Co., Charleston, S. C., died toward the latter part of the year, at . 34 years of age 13, at Leaven vo Kan., in his 93d year. e was born in Bridgeport, Con hen about 36 years old he piewed to ile here he Columbus, Ohio, whens he lived for 20 years. introduced Burr’s New Pine and Burr’s Old Seedling strawber- Mr. Burr gave particular early Molar gr and Paragon and Ideal (363) 364 Annals of Horticulture. ANTHONY Cook, JRr., a well known florist of Baltimore, died in that city Saturday, December 31, 1892, of pneumonia, aged 48 years. Mr. Cook had given special attention to the carnation. *_* Henry Currier, of the fruit firm of H. Currier & Co., Bos- ton, died at Somerville, Mass., October 4. He was born at Walden, Vermont, September 26, 1818. He was one of the oldest and best known a of the Boston fruit trade. P. C. Dempsey, a well basets Gauaice horticulturist, died August 27. He originated, among other varieties, the Tren- ton apple and Dempsey ro s C. Durrey, assistant 76 horticulture in tie Missouri t ; . Du South Dakota ApHeuleatal College, and had refused a full pro- fessorship there. He graduated from the Michigan Agricul- tural College in 1887. Mr. Duffey was born in 1860 in Penn- sylvania. At St..Louis he had entered upon his work with zeal, and had begun to attract the attention of the horticul- tural and entomological world. * ORRIN Pp, Forp died in Boston, October 3. Mr. Ford was | a member of the fruit firm of J. F. Kimball & Co., and a prominent man in the trade = ae city. EN FuRNAS, one oft ne ae influential horticul- turists of tndiatt died besa ayy yea ORDON, Owner of the ee known Gordon rose houses pleasure ground which he gave to the city of Cleveland. Necrology of 1892. 365 JOSEPH HARRIS. JosepH Harris died at his A ag at Moreton farm, near Rochester, N. Y., November 1 Mr. Harris was for many years one of the most pronisie agricultural writers in Amer- ica. He was always a man of sound and or riginal views, and who commanded universal respect. His ‘‘ Walks and Talke on the Farm,” serial editorial contributions to Zhe American Agriculturist, were gia the most popular farm papers ever written in this country. He was particularly fond of horticultural operations, and was a successful fruit useful catalogue. The following sketch is prepared for ae occasion by his widow, Sarah A. Ha rris: Mr. Harris was born in 1828 at age Sm orig ten ire, England. He me to this country in December, 1849 wo years previous he _ famous experim studied at Rothamstead, and assisted in sue some 366 Annals of Horticulture. ing to Rochester, he Bagi pecsired for the agricultural press, at first, I think, for 7he Genessee Farmer, then owned by e ards for Zhe al New- Yorker, thenfor The Co unity mpage ay He bought 7he Gene- see — about 1855, I think, and sold it to Zhe American Agriculturist in ei ee fad lks and nbs n the Farm were continued in that paper for Since t abe has written constantly, but no series a raricios Tike the Walks ae Talks. — ely M arris ead ehbiasry almost entirely onthe u — nitrate of soda. A pamph hiet which h ote in com- petition for a prize offered in Germany was oe kd the ‘Nitrate Com mittee of a Chil oes years ago, ne O i; Mamever, ig, Garde ening for r Young and oid, aad eepea of Soda Mr. H: omens in I Until within a on bay pig his death, when he became too deaf to listen 2 reading, he had a a be agricultural and horticultural papers read to h each week. Mr, made some very careful experiments on peed a in 1862, which I peer were never published.”’ the end THOMAS HOGG. ‘* Thomas Hogg, for many years one of the — known and most highly 36 A among pa let sigap eae and botanists of the country, died sud- denly thi gg s on the 30th of coast in this oe, ahd ork]. His ee _w Game was also Thomas Hogg, was y aoead to maeticriash. wat had baptel 9 of the greenhouses belonging to to Willian Kent, of Loni had the largest private collection of ALawengp then in England. In a ab situation he bccame intimate wtth M of Edin- Necrology of 1892. . 367 burgh; Aiton, of Kew; Pursh, Goldie, Don and other collectors of note. Thomas Hogg, the younger, was born in London on the 6th of February, ryman and florist, the only other nurseries then about New York being those of Messrs. Prince, of Hashing read Floy and Wilson, in this city. In 1840 the nurseries where removed ie ‘Sev aty-ninth 3 street and the East river, and here young Thomas Hogg and his brother James, who had been brought up re Pate meri and re mained there for two years longer in the customs service of the Japanese His close i gs with the sathoritis s gave him opportuni- ties for exploring the islands which o did not possess, and he collected many plants and ae of horticultural value and sent them home. These introductions made Mr. Hogg e nt among collectors of garden plants. The garden of his brother, at he. ho t of Eighty-fourth street, in this city, where most of these treasures were cu ultivated for the first time in ge ° < @ 4 Os merica, was, for many years, the most interes ating spotin the United States to lovers of Japanese plants. Many of the very best trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants, which have come to us from jacul pet paver were those brought to paacglnas before they were sent to Euro ope, and not afew ns them € nowamongt gardens, n 1875, Mr. Hogg left Toe the second time, and aft erward traveled through China, Ceylon, South America and Central America n his life he went to California, and to Europe several times. His ‘ ay Teavnes ke made two years ago, and while in Paris during an exceptionally — winter inte was attacked by the influenza, and never fairly recovered fro its e oy iN the latter years of his life Mr. Hogs was sopra | in no business, and devoted his leisure to his favorite studies. His i ‘ehiecnig-wee: took a wide range, and he was recognized as an authority in many branches of hocticaiensat science and practice. Inperson Mr. Hogg w ote and spare, but well knit orp with a strong but refined face, cat great dignity and gravity of mann e was t shri me ; in conge fc He was never nial company was one of the most mpan married, but was singularly devoted to his ster aed eee and the mem- bers of their families. His integrity was above any suspicion; and the urity, sincerity and unselfishness of his life commanded the respect and won a —, of every one with whom he came in contact.’’—Garden and F; The coe is made from a photograph furnished for this niece of Mr. Hogg, — E. Sparks, who pro- do volum nounces the likeness to be a good one 368 Annals of Horticulture. NEY S. JACKSON, one of the oldest horticulturists in the United States, died at his home in southern Ohio, March 17, in the goth year of his age. rom an account of the celebra- tion of the 65th wedding anniversary of Mr. and Mrs. Jackson in r8gI, Arist in the Cincinnati Casati the following history is obtain r. Jackson’s father had emigrated to Ohio in 1813 from New Y rk city, an nd settled on three quarter rae in Green township, of which the present homestead isa part. Her e young wg eat also settled. They were criticised by envious pola crs pats Mr. Jackson had built a house of hewn logs, a mark in those days of aristocracy. Here, with the excep- Co) k, son spent all their marri ‘ fej is the oldest nurseryman and florist in the United States. Prior to the war he hada — trade in the sout e bears the distinction of first intro- ducing the rhubarb plant into the Cincinnati markets. He was also one o the a. min and charter members of the Ohio Horticultural Society, its inception back to the forties “Mr. scree works daily about his nursery, and has a pri! quipped worship, where he has perfected a number of tions roo f the home is devoted to valuable relics of former times, not the he ast interesting of which are: A half-bushel measure ra y Mr. Jackson's . father while in trade in Philadelphia, and which bears in its bottom the seal of Benjamin Franklin, anda “bes ie of Philadelphia, gts 1785, when the population was only abo ,o00, nine of whom e John Smiths. One familiar entry is, “ Benjarhtn Franklin, His ean ees No. 1, Frank- lin’s Court i ee ORANGE JUDD, senior editor of the Orange Judd Farmer, Chicago, formerly editor of Zhe American Agriculturist, and tural chemistry at Yale. e became editor of The American Agriculturist (New York) in 1853, and in 1856 its owner an publisher. He was also agricultural editor of Zhe New York He was the principal member of the firm of Orange Judd & Co., which nae agricultural and scientific works, and Hearth and Home, and later he was president of the Orange Judd rte oe some years. In 1863 he served with the Sani- Lecrology of 1892. 369 cago. Mr. Judd wrote much for the press, notably his own journals. In 1862 he originated a series of Sunday-school lessons for every Sunday in the year, upon which the later Berean and International lessons were modeled. wens. . Witiiam R. Kino died November 17, on the Bluefields river, Nicaraugua. He had but recently gone to the tropics for the purpose of establishing a nursery and fruit plantation. He had prepared himself thoroughly for the undertaking by Hoyt, of Seven Oaks, Florida.. Mr. King was born at Yellow Springs, Ohio, 24 years ago. * * AVID McDOoNALD, a florist of Philadelphia, of Scotch birth, died September 7. * F. T. McFappen died in August, at his home near Cincin- nati. He was favorably known in recent years as a green- house builder, and for many years as an appreciative admirer of horticultural pursuits. He was connected with journalism for a time. e was 50 years of age, and was born in Zanes- ville, Ohio. * * * Moore, founder and first editor of Zhe Rural i. DF, New- Yorker, died June 3. He was born in 1820, at Marcel- lus, N. Y. He founded the AMichigan Farmer, and was later 370 Annals of Horticulture. an owner in the Genesee Farmer. January 1, 1850, he founded Moore’s Rural New-Yorker, in Rochester. The paper was moved to New York in 1868, where it soon began to decline in circulation. In 1876, it was sold toG. A. C. Barnett, pub- lisher, A. S. Fuller, editor, and E. S. Carman, associate ed- a wack het Mr. Carman bought out his partners. Moore continued in various journalistic work until en- feebied “i bapeeed health. * L’Asse LEON oo died at 72 years of age, at his home near Queb He was educated for the ministry, but early resigned its atte: because of feeble health, and devoted his life to scientific studies and writings. He was best known Canadien. He published two botanies, one being Flore du Canada. e also wrote Le Verger, a small book upon the fruits and GcctaBibe adapted to the climate of Quebec. Pro- vancher was born near Quebec. He once madea journey to Jerusalem and once to the West Indies, of both of which he has left accounts. He was the most conspicuous of French- Canadian naturalists. * Fad Cartes REISSIG, a prominent Chicago florist, died Feb- tle a in ‘Chica ago. lwo years later he opened a steam boiler and engine factory, and built upa ui business. In _ 1869 he pied of oes Hhaticeten and became a commercial He S until wiped out by the te of 1871. He subsequently opened _ important flower stores in various parts of the ci yo tHe re- _ tired from active ate July 1, 1891, but he grew orchids and palms for his own pleasure till the last. Mr. Reissig was a successful man n of mae pet mee dae in ahs xs agree by everyone. Necrology of 1892. 371 Dr. T. G. RicHarpson, one of the best known and most. ardent amateur horticulturists the south, died at his home in New Orleans on May 2 ad introduced a large and valuable collection of hardy any half hardy plants, including many palms. * en Joun A. SaLzer, seedsman, a LaCrosse, Wis., died Janu- ary 22, in his 6gth year. Mr. Salzer was born in Dettinger, erman He came to America when 23, and settled at Galena, ll. His father was a nurseryman, and the early training of the son determined his choice of greenhouse work, which he undertook at LaCrosse in 1866, and which was the Company was incorporated in 1886. Mr. Salzer was a benev- olent man, his gifts including bequests to an orphan asylum, a home for the aged, and various charities connected with the Mithodist church. Four sons and three daughters survive him H. G. ScCHABACKER, senior ‘uber of Schabacker Bros., fruit dealers of Erie, Pa., died October 8. J. Austin Scort, one of as oldest fruit growers of the central states, died July 25, at his home, Ann Arbor, Mich. is aeeeeatar sketch is ies! ae from the Ad/egan (Mich.) Gaz t was bornat Ridgefield, chosing county, Conn., ale ae a his isles having lived at that place three generation w : Pp Miami of the Lake, the first newspaper published in That aca h He held captain’s coniitniotton rom Governor Lucas, and shared in the perils of founders of the Republican party, and was a delegate to the a which nominated William Henry Harrison. Four children surviv e him— 372 Annals of Horticulture. poset Scott, president of Rutgers onto, New Jersey; Evart H. Scott, anufacturer and fruit grower, and Ranney C. Scott, of Ann aa Mary HI. Carter, wife of Chas. L. Carter, a Hon olulu, Hawaiian Islan rain the timeof Mr. Scott’s death was president t of the Washtenaw unty Horticaltura cosy: as he had often been before, a nd wa Helicve, its fou asa manof rare grace and grandeur of char acter, who dr ift a peacefully , rani agile! a gentle and othe spirit fit for the richest blessings of eternity. He w old gr sreagine ns and blessed with his cheery, benevolent fans every fellow ‘eing who beheld it * B. G. STABLER, a dildos Cal. died near the close of the ear. He was prominent in the horticultural interests of his region. He was 58 aoe of peat JAMES TAPLIN, a prominent Hotise: died January 9, at his home in Maywood, New Jersey, in his 61st year. Mr. Taplin was born at Ludlow, in Shropshire, England. He was at one time gardener to the ye of Devonshire at Chatsworth, suc- ceeding Sir Joseph Paxton, and was a frequent exhibitor be- ford the Royal Haacelbersl Society, from which he received a medal. Hecame to America in 1864 for Mr. George Such, whose establishment at South Amboy, N. J., was a few years ago the most famous in the country. Some 14 years before _and facile contributor to the press. Two sons and a daughter —Mrs. Emily Taplin Royle—are well known in floricultural circles A portrait of Mr. Taplin appeared in American Florist, Jan- uary 21, 1892. * > RENO Watson, curator of the herbarium of Harvard University, and successor to Asa Gray in the preparation of the Synoptical Flora of North America, died March 9. He as born, December 1, 1826, in + tat His early life, after graduating from Yale, was spent in various pursuits. About 1868 his work as a professional bouei began by his joining King’s survey in the we is contributions to American photography yore numerous and valuable. GODFREY ZIMMERMAN Sous a se home near Buffalo, N. Y., _ June 29. He was bord i in Alsace in 1815. He founded Pine Necrology of 1892. 373 Hill nurseries, near Buffalo, in 1840. He was long a prom- inent horticulturist in western New York. ABROAD. Joun ALLEN, for 50 years head gardener of the Tregothan Gardens, England, died Mae $, vert 85 years M. Batansa, an sacetatiaalle explorer and collector, ae recently at Tonkin. He had traveled in almost all parts the world, and had enriched mens herbaria. He was the au- thor of a ‘work on the Gramin But.ten, curator of the Glasgow Botanical Gardens, died in October. He was particularly successful in the culti- vation of orchids. ee GrEorGE Bonn, gardener to the ‘Earl of Powis, Lydbury, ect, Shispabive England, died August 16, at 86 years of age. “ce 3 : ee Exie Curistacui, a French horticultural writer residing in Turkey, died at Constantinople, aged 64 years. He did much to introduce French poeenioes into Turkey. * EpmunpD Cote died May 9, aged 52. He was a well known English gardener, and in 1882 introduced the Cole’s Favorite potato, which is now segleesam aac grown. E. Cooper, gardener to the Right Honorable Joseph Ctisiobertam of Tt a ca died May 2 CAMILLE nein a well ews horticulturist of France, died in June ‘os Joun Downtr, one of the most esteemed og len of Scotland, died November 25, aged 80 years. He was consid- ered an authority by the nurserymen and waideners: ‘abou 374 Annals of Horticulture. Edinburgh, and his loss will be particularly felt by them. He was very skillful in re flowers under glass. In 1858 he exhibited in London the first race of fancy pansies. Mr. Downey was a aiuawerbai nurseryman and seedsman, and for many years belonged to the firm, Downie, Laird & Laign. He was also one of the founders of the Scottish Horticul- tural Association. ‘s JoserH E..am, died during the year at Oxford, England. He was at one time head gardener at Bodorgan, and after- wards had charge of the gardens at Cliveden. * 2 TTO EICHLER, royal gardener at Grinberg, Germany, died October 30, aged 8g years. * Dr. THEODOR ENGELBRECHT, one of the foremost pomol- ogists of Germany, died August 4, aged 79. He was by profession a Y lesa but all his leisure was given to the cul- tivation of fruits. e did much to further the interests of Perineecretery in particular, and it was largely through his efforts that the State Pomological Institute was located there. e was a member of several horticultural societies, and had received many honors aie aa as well as from the state. SAMUEL FarRQuuHar died at ve age of 86, on September 12, at Aberdeen, Scotland. For 52 years he was head gardener at Dunecht House, near Aberdeen oo . Be Frees, the celebrated botanical artist, died at Kew, _ arum, Himalayan ues and ae other M. Forney, proses of cee at Paris, died during the summer. He is the cpiaeay se La Taille des Arbres Fruitiers, erie GREEN, inventor of the lawn mower, died April 19, - aged. 81 years, at Leeds, Engla nd, Lecrology of 1892. 375 Wititam HEALeE died December 8, at the age of 84 years. He was for many years a nurseryman and seedman at De- vizes, England, and in his younger days was much interested in growing roses and dahlias. ee * R. S. Hotrorp died February 23, aged 84 years. He was an English authority in all that pertained to the art of land- scape gardening, his own grounds being a wonderful example of the results which may be achieved even under the greatest difficulties. “i * PHILIPPE JANSSENS, for the set forty-two years treasurer of the Royal One Saas of Belgium, died December 22, 1891, aged 64 year + * PIERRE JOIGNEAUX, es of the school of horticulture at Versailles, France, died January 26, age of the foremost French horticulturists of the day, and was widely known by his writings. He is the author of Causeries sur 1 Agriculture et Horticulture, Conferences sur le Jardinage et la Culture des Arbres Fruitiers, Jardin Potager and Livre de la Ferme. The last named book is the principal work of his life, all the horticultural matter aeesiu contained having been written by himself. ge i: esha ce paper Journal de la Ferme was founded by Mr. Joign and its character shows that his labors have iaterially vided the progress of horticul- - ture in the past fifty years. . Jean Kerren, of the firm, Ketten Bros., Luxembourg, died at the age of 43. Several varieties of roses were intro- duced by him. * + Lupwic EserHarD KUNTZE “died May 3. Hewas manager of the firm, J. C. Schmidt, of Erfurt, sad also possessed sev- eral floral establishments ear a parts of German ny. JACQUES-JULIEN ikke the world renowned rosarian, died May 13, at Bourg-la-Reine, France, aged 74. Most of his life had been devoted to the cultivation of roses, and he 376 Annals of Horticulture. had no superior in this work. Many new varieties were in- troduced by him, some of his earlier introductions being still widely grown. He was born in Val Saint-Germain, in 1817. When 22 years of age he became connected with the Garden of the Luxembourg. It was here that he first became deeply interested in roses, which was undoubtedly the result of the teachings of Mr. Hardy. In 1859 he finally settled. 1 in Bourg- are among his varieties. In 1878 he received the decoration of the Legion of Honor. * M. Moens, one of the eicet enthusiastic amateur horticul- turists of Belgium, died May 19. * chp EpLER von NaGy-BiKk died September 10, in his 68th year. His name is familiar to many through his contri- Meteors to Racucaleire! journals. * * t Parker, one of the original founders of the En- glish nurseries of B. S. Williams & Son, Holloway, and later urseryman at Footing, cg January 21, at 65 years of age. * a EmiLe Pierre died October 21. was the director. of the Experiment Gardens at Letreditie Bike: and introduced many useful vegetables among the natives of the west African coast. _ ; es: s T. Princie, for thirteen years gardener at Benton Hall, Ne schusahetlbed England, and particularly given to Chrysanthemum culture, died at the age of 42, on the 8th of September. ie Epovarp DE Recet died April 27, aged 77 years. Hew the founder of Gartenflora, and was for many years its Siew: tor. At the time of his death he was director of the botanic gardens at St. Petersburg. Necrology of 1892. 377 Joun Roperts, a noted Irish grape grower, died January 23, aged 62. + Rocu-Jouisots, head gariduer at the Palais du Luxem- bourg, died in August. He was deeply interested in orchids, and his collection of cypripediums was particulary interesting. He succeeded in raising many interesting hybrids in the genus. STEPHEN Ross, aegeabse England, died January 27 t 60. He was employed by the Hammersmith Board of Works in superintending planting, and pcaviousy was 25 years gardener to the Ear os sesso at Highclere. CasIMER ROUMEGUERE died ‘at Toulouse, at age of 63 years. He was director of oh he ible Mycologiqu Harry C. Rowan, a Reaueli “contributor to English hor- cultural journals, died “al 47 > H. SHARMAN, manager ue the seed firm of Carter & Co., died September 30, at ry zae, England. James SMITH, a ES 8s near Matlock, England, died March 29, in his 83d year * WILLIAM STEELL, nurseryman at Richmond Surrey, Eng— land, died at 78 years of age, ag October 3. A Synopsis of the Vegetable Products of Norway. C. Soxrienac, a leading etc of Cannes, France, died recently, at the age o THIBAUT, a prominent horticulturist of France, died early i in the year, at the age of 78 years. He was much in- accede aati i atid #hot en eerall v olu me on | ; ture. He alsopaid shivclt = to orchids. CQUES Vicienow a rose grower of Orléans, France, died years. Ja "recently, aged 74 at J: B. Wavak director of “ botanic gardens at Dijon, France, died ages 52 years. | us ZS eee INDEX. 408 PAGE Acer palmatum var. Alk Aquilegia Transylvanica 38 —Trautvetteri var. iirythrocara 98 Aristolochia clypteata...... (6 diantum cuneatum....... 7 | — gi BEB oe sty ee fave 6 — elegantissi anebgn Ree es ee 7 KPizona POE 1 4 6 gles ee t oo phyllum var. ibs stri- Armstrong, Col. 3. B., mentioned. 133 SOON aha Gi a Meee) Me. Amstrong, Miss Kate, mentioned 133 ‘Arica. Sooke Fruits from See Arsenites and Bordeau se mixture | Agaricus subrufesce ONS cee cas Asm rnst, mention 57, ) Asparag us beet es _ ts bs Cpa Gee w oe 79, 86 | Astilbe Chinensis ........ la ‘ane COSTBEUM 40.55 8 76, Ser PRDORIOG : Sou 6 5 aN ek ee Allow John, vebichongata OF parece ts 3 Athyrium SOLINOTEM: . 6g ess Allium Neruleanr os Auction Be ole = IBNBYWONSO 6-0 S jo ys a es Augur ag ot *_. Obituary i es SION CPOD oe si wees 17, ustralia, Fr ruit-growing mo Biocasia Duss <2 Ses ) | Babbitt’sinsecticides...... 20 TS ee ee a 7 ah orticulture in cl oe ee eo re eae : aker, rge F’.,mentioned .. % DOTESCONS seis a 79, aker, J. G., mentioned . 79, § i peer a gaa ek ee a 79, alansa, M., Obituary of . . . .373 CUIAMS i es ete bce ek a ananas i —— a eae ae 43 Aierioan Cultivator, quoted ) fandage fastener ........ 51 American Florist, eh 57, 8, ) art, Chas. on » Obituary or. . 368 American Garden, 3 asket for flowers. ......- 55 Ampelovitis Romanetti ..... asket, N. J. i Cee Vera 126 Amyegdalus Da scree var. — ) moh, S.A., quoted ce a vi ce 100 Anasa tristis ‘1 ) | Bean diseases ee 98, 100 Anderson, F. W., )bituary of . . 363 jean, W.J., Paperby.....-.- 70 Andre, Edouard, mentioned. 92, 1 eckwith, M. H., quoted 116 Anisopteryx vernata ......- ees, Law to protect ....--- 97 Anthony, mentioned . Y | Begonia decora ....-...-..- , Anthony, Anthony B. ‘Obituary of 3 3 | Bench forcalceolarias.....- Anthonomus musculus .....- ie ae a aquifolium, ravate flow- nue etets pea ip cece tint ; oe erot Oregon; .). ese es ae a Be ee eal a ae RO ee Se ORS ee oe ee ee cer ee = mal We ee ache eons 104 | —spuds.. Rg ee Se psa anes 359 Bill coat su stock’ | 118% A - a his | ‘i | i contro nursery s ck . Avph nedasgrdy ple ae 111 | Birds, To 350 Se eae oe egg parte ve tiackburry yard le ace wee Bg ES eg cas Ge O:| Bigck-enot 5.0. S 6 e so 1 108 — teat ertations Sui Colne oy 7 | Black ~ peor gs = = TOW eas 95 Bo ee 101, 102, = anal a a : get ples, Inventoryof ....-.- astophage....+- «+++ Arpies aren of i ca ee 127 | Bond, Canes: Obituary of .. . 378 aLINtGR OF 5 oy. he 8k Sua | Toes OF IN Se 324 Apricots. Peed «ke ce ss 88 | Botanical Magazine, oted. . .. 77 Apricots in Australia ...... 46 | Botanic garden in California . , 133 380 Annals of Horticulture. Motanic gardens... 5 2. kk. 2 Bordeaux nck iver - 98-102, ne Boulon, F., mentioned. ..... Bounties fo = Sea aa 123 IN AUBURN oo eee ed j Bouquets, F cain for SRS ne . 354 Boxes ot pines ving plan . B44 cab atige pl Lhgenage ER ee 361 ‘ ‘ ge ioned 28 ech wig. uoted - 130 Brua S.,mentioned. ... 92 Sarre Colvillei Sie ees 80,89 PERCU fe ae ee ee 104 Bulbophyllum anceps Se ata ie 8 ulbophyllum comosum... 72, 81 -¢) Briemanum 2.6 2 81 Bui pinnter soe Sy ull, W., onesd «.. 285, 86,68 Hien, B.Obituary’of 2... 373 Bulletins on spraying ...... urbank, Luther, mentioned 3 Burgess, Tho omas H., mentioned . 140 Burr, John, Obituary o ae Paes ue 363 Bu rton, John, mention F Butler, Congressman, ymentioned | Capbare sents 62 6 oe eS nd _ one PEDERAE Fee So. : ) I OG ee eS ee 117 Cal anthe daar Bog eis ASE acl eh ERS a a eal er ee ; a Natalensis Coe ees or , Ca! oeolaria | bench PEP CU as see eee oooh 3: Calcium govt California, Hotanis arden met recavig a ed fru ruit . « — Fruit Grower, “quoted, eer eg ee re a 520, 25, — Fruit-growing i in CORNER SO eo ras wT, Calochortus amcenus ...... WANE ce ee — Kenn - ali le ee Ce es Camellia Sasanqua ....... ) Caminetti, Mr.. ie Bill ag es 1 Canary Islands, nema chit hh 3 E talania, tomatoes Hees RIEU OTIN ee 1 Card, Fred W.,quoted ..... 126 CARAS es j or ——* Sa eae: ) Se, OR ee ee eee we epee: Tae Siniteinna ; : ; : — Baroness Schroeder ....., ~- atant We eyes Pare Vel etree Pie? eS — imbricata Sess as ee Se PiGOlOr 2 ke ys be ee — Jongheana So Guia Ole — — Title i index ee a ais ; — Station Publications ras | — Station tion Record , quoted... . . 119 Annals of Horticulture PAGE ‘airchild, D.G., quoted..... 100 ‘alconnier glass bricks .°.%... 361 ‘all tent, or web worm ..... 105 “arquhar, ier ne Obituary of . 374 “atsia VAPYVIGe Oe 0 78,85 ernald, C. d., a4 ted Jo. ae ah age Professor, aS oat oe ae Caer ces act Vai Pie 74, 87. ] Portilieation of ‘orchards Sate ee kes, A. H. neg ea oe 8 sche Bers pe alae gee eta eee Meee pele. coe 17, 18 Fitch, y. H., Obituary of . . 04 Wiherte = cC ey ee gb Florists’ Exchange, quoted 63, 65 Forbush, E. H., quoted ....:- 109 epigan? -house, Short- span-to-the- - Fora, , Orrin P., nada of. 364 For , Obit a Soe 74 ary Dieter. Patios mony mentioned. Pie Se Sew ee — for holding se Re ee Nesta 851 France, Educationin .....- 181 Franchet, Mons., trenitioned’: 89 Fraxinus to ocarpa Ses tert 93 oh Maat eas funn he conta ae Se POMOIET ely ee a a oe 24 feb ay erowers Journal, quoted . 4 F Fruit-growing in Germany Fruit Hidde Sandan quoted 14, 15,8 F Ee a “A bd en Inse Galeruca‘xanthomalzna....- yarden and Forest, rater oted 123 Gardeners’ Chronicle, ak 76 113 _ a ae He Guoted i). 2s :. ae Gartenflora, quoted 91, 92, 93 rmany, Educationin ... - - 132 —_ i-erowing in i 2: 6. 42 PTL PECKASER CoE LS hss 25 Gillette,C. P., quoted .....-.- 121 PASS DPIGES 6 oR ae ee 861 warty : peaks ee as Sie Atak oars 859 Rye SERCO 4 ed ee 99 Grathe-ielesbiighi: R., quoted . 47 om, weuoted 2... 101, 121 Gold dust insecticide ...... 120 Goodsell, E. L., quoted . . . . 25,40 Gooseberry flea-beetle. . . . - - 106 Goed mW 5, vleeay oF: 364 rdon, ‘ tu OF ts Grafti line . “fd oe eee Grain : ‘a ecm Ce - 104 mepewren 6 aa Index. 383 p Pac : PAGE pbb aide LOWS Taye a Gel eee 12 can pte experiment ter ae MOO 6 re Es a es y IVOPelure oe Grapes, Hothouse. ....%... 20 | Insect Life, quoted . 106,111, 112, 3 Ee Sy Pore aa whee ee P j set I CIES 6 rs eas Pe a Oe en sodas dnseot lime iss oe Grape- wine leaf-hopper ..... 1 Mises es oe ee 10 2 rav ~ EE: ; ~ rreetiae te es Introductions OP 1808.2. os es a 145 reensty, Lo Ril 2. es nventory of apples*..4 "2°25 >; po cereal senitee by electricity 1 Iris oe : Pad ee ee m oe 76, 36 = NIMIORDE 68 ee ee Se Green, Thomas, Ob Obituary « of ane [ = Nepalensis var. Letha 02. a reen, W. J., quo oor Soeee en ere Grub, White poset eo SS 105 re opie Moan ye aS Gumbleton, Mr., mentioned . Irrigatio in in Australia ;2> 2S; 45 @yp sy-m ne sos CN Stat 107, 1 eta Saiki i Bnbhim oy ee 92 are dia Raddiana& 2.901003": 92 = amnations Of: Jackson, Sidne} V 8. Obi , Obituary of . 368 Han r. mentione 7 ahn Bros., Carnati Hardy plants, s, New . . 79, 88, 92, 93 Janssens, Philippe Obituary of . 815 aie og Obituary of ee re aro ese persimmon 2.02. F253 : arris oe UU. St ears Ss DININS sa ee ie ee a ee a Hattield, T. D. cihpesuntbaciamn Johnson, Robt. U., mentioned . . 133 Ol wea ee ek 61 | J oigneaux, Pierre, Ouitunty of . 875 Hatfield, T. D., quoted .. . . 62, 65 Journals of the world. ..... 29 Heale, Wm., Obituary of ... .3% Judd, Orange, Obituary of .. . 868 bigpopeer by electri BriGlg =< c 148 | EAE ee es 19, 134 HGOGUGdS 2 eo se a 362 | Keave, John, mentioned... . . 63 Heliconia ‘etatlios ee ae 91 | Keroseneforaphis ....... 117 oi favs =) sacha : Bas age -aled * ere Obituary oF. = miler Ae ‘ew Bulletin, quoted... ... Hempstead, A. E., re aan of. 4 Kiely, P ., quo pair Seon es 39 Henderson, Peter & Co., Chrys- Kil ; B.-W., fed 2 121 nthe Sg ee ee King, Wm its Obituary of . i: See ey a ee en 3 se me meaeste 6 a: 88 i quo Wie ceoece tek ie oe a Se —EG: & Co, Chrysanthemums of tn — paueitiora | vee eins os 8s eae ola aie ee Hod for pciaicehaeot ee "380 Kuntze, Ludwig E., Obituary of . 375 a ie oA ee PE ee ee 352 ogg, Thos., Obituary of 866} Labisiasmaragdina....... 91 Hoit’s grafting machi Lachnosternafusca ...... . 105 Holford, R.S., Obituary of . . . 374 a BRISUIN oo 5g Sey Aes 105 Hop sonts Sir Joseph, mentioned . ve ae PH ee gst poe cs OP EDNIS 2.0 Pb ee es 1G eo a ae eS qe tOEe Ho Fe hed, bore . .111 | — anceps le Oweniana Ee Horticulturists, Directory of.) 8 | “olonabarine...6 6 es 84 otbeds, Heating ....--- B62: | —— Dayana. os Cie ee a es 84 Hotbed in cellar-way .-.--- BG | Mave. ee er ca 84 Hoteia Japonica ...----- 88 | — Se rvetatar a ee - 84 Hunt, M. A., mentioned... .- 7 | —purpurata......... -. & Hutchins, E. mentioned 42, 43 Laslis Cattleya Aurora ..... 84 ydrant water, "Tem . 858, 854 | — = be eee 84 we — ntio Soe BO] SORE eS Cee se 84 ; ia en Rae. = i Seapriovtians ee Seas = Mlustrations of planta es 2 NG ee ae a ee sa + OF mpatiens Mic holita hoo 91 Law for black-knot ... ... . 95 Heer cats hee ee 840 | —forseedsin N.C... .... .141 384 Annals of Horticulture. PAGE Laws to control nursery stock . 18 Messmore& Turner,Carnations of 66 — to nh oe POLGCD OOS esate se ial y “OF-| Mildewongrape ..... 8.6. nce, ‘Sir'T, ricntisned ae’ Miller, ee Ww. Chrysanthe- co MIR se ck 9, 92, § TU 0 ig sss ei MIO ORO ete ig eek his 12, 24 ate sey State page of Pees, Lemonsin Australia ...... McMahon, Apple listof. .... , 208 RARE Sk ey Svat Gg ie eee ‘ Moceasin-tiowe er, nae A Ne of Lilium oe a woe SE Se oe: or eee ae — Far, 200 Sense oer aan cig ae Moons. M. fs 71) oe e 376 eo SOTMIOMIID 0c is ae Mongoose, to destroy gophers. . 94 _ Lankongenes Ee eh SOT ART Monodora AOTR. soe ae. 85 pe LPB oes ye eae ee we aroneetee's. a be ee ra, eee 116 — Mmyriophylum |... 5 sks we Moore, D. D Da eS OR 245 ee ope INCRAIORBO ooh G ae cas Musa ensete es =r OUR PROCUI oe oe a he es MO — Ma Sec eeeS 91 te = Mek eae a cane ence Mushroom; New. 3. 3 eat WW ANGNBO 2 oi5. ik ee es Myrica se 134 Linden, 7 aso mentioned 89, 91, AVS US COTABE: 6 sod: es we Lindenia, quoted,....... a Nagy-Bukk, Ludwi ig Edler von, Lintner, J. A., Article by ... . lf Obit nae priahe oS. ec 376 Laie bOlanena 3, 8 ses { inna t sii ee 56 Literature, books o ectarines in ~Auuteniin 46 — Experiment station Mie | NOMAtOde 2... 46 Ss a Lodeman, E. G., Article by . .. 97 ear x eons ar 79, 88 sete soi OTTO, oie wh el et ea ces 19,121 | Ne pene devalioides var.mul- mbard, R ogy ot a x yao Oe MOODS es pia toe ek cet eee tondon ise 4 RS acct a 42 | Newson, Consul, Saale paeriere ae EPO pes Sie eevee s 101, 106 | New York black-knot 95 Lonsdale, Edwin, mentioned . 82, 65 —_ — Cieriiateaeae ee pe OE OY Diners. cee 5 OO | co) PROM 6 ic Syl ace ew eyo v's Low, H. & Co., mentioned . . . 79,82 | Nic ad i Pee a ~ Lee Lucas, C. J., mentioned ..... 82 paige oe . 85 Lycopodium Mooreanum | striatum 2. 33. « Lyons, Jobn D., mentioned . . . 105 Novelties 0 of 1892 . . . 70, 145 acfee, Mr., 10 a eee ie ala a PEO i el So ane Stee * Malaga vineyards <2. .0c04.... Nursery stock, Bill to regulate Maple borer i. 8 oS ee 111 _ CU eicecee a ek 4 eR inka ve ieie te eee ae iy AUD te in Mexico 35 oc eae 43 we WOMIE ) 6coo Sse ek ea, 105 Nut. culture « tees es a os r Maranta oo aap Selim cmt ees Oe hoe OPOPE OM 6 oe 655 sie ke 133 —Sanderiana ........ 76, 85 Meabphion sai nies alg oe 's!s's > ce eae Jacques J., Obituary — pay iekeys var.rosea..... ) eRe 68 Oe ce a & 6 Capea on ic: De) re a hea 7 - 335, 336, 337 Guess 1, mentioned She Masdevallia : Harryana var. “ be praca dispar ee eae 1 Sm ea cab: (0th “re lossum bifolium .... dost A weed OOS CA Bee ott mon agian de pag Ae N., “Dasyeanthetsiaihs of. 61 Rip cin De aaa ik a ad 74, 82 —J.N., mentioned ..... 57, 63 | ——var.Rex .......... E McDonald, David, srt of . 369 a —— Sander ......04%s ; McFadden, F. T., Obituary of . | 869| —Gravesianum........- wan, John, ‘Carnations of | 66 — Owenianu Se ea year Do. gape Aa Sa | om POBOBLOTEL oo ae } ’ Ds reer a ane 82 | ——var. Lindenie ....... _ Mellitea cucurbite ....... 120 | —platycheilum......... Menand, L., mentioned ..... 64 | —Rolfeanum ...... na Me Mercuric chlor Orde, c2. 5 —Saint-Legerianum ...... 82 Gee hk hee ee em ee gui Tae “gue, ee ae | O Oil, Oliv WE feu eee eae ae ae Oranges i in ee — in Baha Orchids, New : Oregon, kopls history i ee Og han ee Yeas, ae sees fear es ee a ne the en eee gee mee, a OP aL ee oes ee 28 Packard, Dr., Pandanus Bs Baptistii — inermis ae. variegatus. . — Pacificus Re NEOs ansy for national ‘flower . bak s of the world : e en ec ew acim SILER ee Parker, Robert, Guiioury’ of . Passion fruit in Austr inbtageined Division Peach c Peaches, "Bleached Pe men as. : —in iL ae ee, Pe ee eS Beran soled oot Pelargoniut caterpillar Pennock, C. J., mentioned Pie ee eh inne sae 3 be Tee Meee eo BEC he a Se ye ee ee ele ee ee WE ei ee We oe ee ae a . . . Ss ae Shes se ie an cy ie ihe Se aR wR RS eS, ect 1,106,108,118 . 876 > 2 3 ) : + eG ae Me i 385 PAGE Phajus Wallichii a Be Phorodon humuli 2". oe 104 Pierre, Emile, en of. 376 Pierson, F. R, men 57 Pike Mr., me iuonen 111, 112 Pineapple crop side eM Pineapples i en fe “is 46 -- iN Banamas 4c 8 Le 44 Pit in oaltatw Wayoa . 2 oS. 5, 356 Pitcher & Manda, peep a Os" 83 ee rs anthemums 61 Plan < oe te ae Plan se rete. So — ~ Enhigs for bulbs? ye 346 PIO WS ee i eee 334, 335 intel Black-knotlaw...... 95 MO oo eG se — curculio, Spraying for 119 Plums atin Aus ere 46 “a PADADOBG as ek inde 12 Plosia Srasiine: eh RG eran SON 105. Podachezenium Andinum ee carpus pectinatus 76, 85 Pollination of orchards ..... 26 Pomology, Divisionof...... 133 Portraits of plants .. . . 1% 255 QUOTING os a 356 braid reservoir ..... 358 Potato blig! ‘ AS . 94 = CPOD sw ke a —imsectenemies ...... 105, 106 —seed culture .. ...0..4. 346 — Sweet, crop. MONEE? f 3 — tuber moth ~) 3.0 3346 94 irie Farmer, quoted ..... 37 Primula calycantha CSTE NE Pringle, James T. hapa 4 of . 376 pfettee iedat for plants «2... 6. 854 EGY WOON ea ee ae Provaneher, L’Abbe Leon, Obit- Hery Of oo ee ee Prunes oe ee ea in 12, 24 BEifceatt saw _ a ae Prunus. Davidian var, - alba « ee mo SAPODICH §. 3 66 Soe. 93 — Pa yg Dea a a 93 rsecox .. “ ‘ eae Ree a ak 93 De PNOOI See a a ey 12 WMGBSIR a 3 Peylia on pear... 108, Joy 115. popes originate. 64. eS 5, 88 eee ee ee eee we 88 | = tremula var. variegata 75, 88 }| — Vie oe 75, 88 | Pt yehoraphis angusta = 76, 85 Pan MPS oo ek eS 1 386 PAGE Quercus en Pires tse 93 ie EI IBOEID io Se ek ates 93 oo Pacnce. 93 2¢ SCDOCMIBNA: ke SAE 93 Quince leaf-spot . 2. ee RRAISIN GTOD. co ick eS a 19, 20, _ Ranunculus carpathicus tae tek os a Raspberries, 102 —-in Australia... 2.5 G64 46 es ee cree auke ey a oe Sarg ko 110 BLOG SOMMER es es 118 han woode, Garden for. 22. °: 133 Regel, Dr., montioned: =. ~° 2 :.:% 9: — Edouard, Obituary of. .... 376 Reiman, H. W., mentioned 64 Reissig, Chas., Obituary of . 870 moving od Sie wee 344 Reservoirfor water....... Revue = i eemoullase Belge, ; Fee ere ee ee 1 — Hoetioote, soe er, agra, s 92, 93 Rhododendrons ...-.. 2... 73 Rhododend har eiauioe m 78, 87 Richardia PEUMOMGR eo es 7 — albo-ma “War Paar gerara ng ait U7 Mes EL MOMRTRPE s oo ee ae 77 EEE |, a « RARER RACV Sl REE tye dant eae V7

te ca of 373 pomapteccscent ee ee 84 SI BUOOCRIUM 2.4 6s vis ae 3s =