Ta FT A s [] ; 
P d - 
ew 


die : E 7 5b 
ROYAL, GARDENS, KEW. |Z 9% 


BULLETIN 


OF 


MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 


PRINTED FOR HER MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE, 
By DARLING & SON, LTD. 1-3, GREAT ST. THOMAS APOSTLE, E.C. 
And to be purchased, either directly or through "n: from 
EYRE & SPOTTISWOODE, EAST HARDING STREET, FLEET STREET, E.C.: or 

JOHN MENZIES & Co., 12, HANOVER STREET, EDINBURGH, and 

T NILE STREET, GLASGOW; or 
HODGES, FIGGIS, & Co., Limited, 104, GRAFTON STREET, DUBLIN. 
1897. 


Price Three Shillings. 


CONTENTS. 


Date. Article. Subject. Page. 
1897. 
January DXLI. List of Kew Ap era 1841-1895 t 
» DXLII. Miscellaneous Note 4 
Feb. and Mar, DXLIII. A zd Bulb Dinen EE er. ar 
ith plate 
a DXLIV. "Janis T 91 
s DXLYV. West Ind Trade 92 
5 DXLVI. Prices of Moeg Timber for 1896 | 97 
" DXLVII. h ies «4.98 
ii DXLVIIT. Botanical Explorati ion in in Yunnan _ «X 99 
a DXLIX. Kino from Myristica malaba 101 
m 5 Cultivation of Cotton in Egypt (Gossy- 
| pium barbadense) see 102 
3 | DLI. Papain (Carica Papaya) 104 
» | DLII Misceliacesous Notes 109 
April DLIII Mycologic Flora a the Royal cse 
i Kew (with two plates) 115 
* D Spindle e e rond europa) sek 10T 
» DLV. Miscellan ...| 168 
May and June DLVI nsects destructive to Cultivated p— 
mde UES aus oe a 175 
2 LVI Feno rowing at 191 
G DLVIII Canaigre (Rumex mensa us) 200 
i DLIX. Extraction of Gut rcha from Leaves | 200 
» | DLX. ine Produc in 201 
» DLXI. United States National He rbarium .| 204 
5 DLXII. Completion of Flora of iere India ...| 205 
» | DLXIII Miscellaneous .| 206 
| 
July | DLXIV. Marram Grass cate ag arundinacea), 211 
» LX Agricultural Depression .. 217 
s" DLXVI = Hen in Australia CChenopodium j 
m) 8 
" DLXVII ‘Scabies Timber toc Street Paving ... 219 
s DLXVIII eerie ugar 221 
» DLXI Fon Doren: rass CBouteloua oligostachya).. 224 
» D 226 
» DLXXI. Hand-list tof 7T Tender Monocotyledons .. 229 
" DLXXII. Fiji Ivory Nuts 236 
» DLXXIII. Addition to List of Kew Publications, 
1841-1595. 38 
id DLXXIV. Miscellaneous Notes 240 
Aug. and Sept. DLXXV. Dia agnoses African, X. ... Su ...| 248 
a DLXXVI. Miscellaneous Notes bn dis sat 901 
October DLXXVII. Botanic Station, Sierra Leone (with) | 
plan) `. -— = we +j 908 


Date. Article. | Subject. Page. 
1897. 
October DLXXVIII. Hipevement of the Mum cue and 
Sugar-cane ag 
5 DLXXIX Forest Product of Sierra Leone E 
DLXXX. Butter ve Tallow — ~ Sierra Leone 


x (Pentadesma butyra 

DLXXXI. Coffee Cultivation at ihe Gold Coast 
DLXXXII. Botanical Enterprise in West Africa 
DLXXXIII. Miscellaneous Notes 


November DLXXXIV. West India Royal Commission ... 
— DLXXXV. Miscellaneous Notes iex 


December DLXXXVI. A Budget from Yunnan ... 
DLXXXVIL Rubber and Coffee in Lagos 
DLXXXVIII, British Solomon Islands 
DLXXXIX. Shinia vns Cyprus (Pistacia Lent Mire) 
T 


n me- 
> DXCI. Miscellaneous Notes. 
Appendix I. - — List of seeds of hardy herbaceous rr 
and of trees and shrubs 
jp RE n — New garden plants of the year 1896 
s MI — Botanical Departments at home and 
abroad... s oe sss sak 61 


-— 


ROYAL GARDENS, KEW. 


BULLETIN 


OF 


MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 


No. 121.] JANUARY. [1897. 


DXLI.—LIST OF KEW PUBLICATIONS, 1841-95. 


The Royal Gardens, Kew, have been from their first devotion to 
publie use the most important seat of botanical research in the United 
Kingdom. Sir William Hooker, the new Director of the reorganised 
establishment, brought with him from the University of Glasgow not 
merely his herbarium and li rary, for the reception of which West 
Park was — for him by the Government, but an indefatigable assiduity 
n the pursuit of science and a world-wide correspondence with every 

nder irection K 


took the position of a botanical institution of the first rank. The 
impulse which it received from him has gathered stren h with sue- 
ceeding years, and its activity batts little likely to diminish under the 
demands made upon it from every part of the Empire. 

1852 the Hookerian Herbarium was removed to the present 
ST In 1854 George Bentham, Esq., F.R.S., added to it his own 
herbarium and library. In 1858 the East India Company transferred 
to Kew the enormous collections made by their officers, which had 
accumulated at the India House. In 1867, after the death of Sir 
William Hooker, the Government purchased his library and herbarium, - 

became 


up for the library. 
In 1863 Sir William Hooker projected a series of Mord o iv uniform 
- and in the English language for Indis and the Colonies. The 
ork has been steadily kept in hand ever since, and the bulk of it has 
Sons accomplished at Kew, though not in all cases by members of 
the staff. Of those works the most important are the * Flora Austra- 
liensis,"" commenced by Mr. Bentham in 1863 and completed in 1878, 
and 5E i i 


vast accumulations of flowering plants accessible to botanists in recent 
times into disciplined order. The first part was published by ? Mr. Ben- 
tham and Sir Joseph Hooker in 1862, and it was completed in 1883. 

Another great undertaking, in some sense supplementary to this, is 
the “Index Kewensis.” This gives down to 1885 all published names 
of flowering plants, with a reference to the work in which each first 
occurs. It was prepared by B. ees J Jom Esq., Secretary of the 
Linnean Society, who was engaged u s preparation for ten years, 
the expense being defrayed by the family ‘of the late Charles Darwin, 
F.R.S. 1t was published by the Oxford Clarendon Press, the first part 
appearing in 1893 and the last in 1895. 

Besides substantial works of this kind, the enormous material available 
at Kew has stimulated a constant stream of smaller selena tae either 
by members of the Kew staff or by other botanists working there. Of 
these the following pages contain a chronological catalogue which has 
been compiled with much pains by Mr. Daydon Jackson. It represents 
a volume of work which probably is not surpassed by that of any other 
institution in the world. 

Articles of merely ephemeral interest have not been included in the 
list, and it is probable that some which should have been, have eluded 
research or have been overlooked. 

The commencement of the second deeade of the Kew Bulletin seemed 
an. ESCAS occasion for publishing this record of accomplished 
wor 


E54 Nata We 9 F 
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS, 
Botanical Magazine, ed. by W. J, Hooker, vol. Pee ii. 8. Hes, (in 


part, possibly t. 3868-8879), levii. , t. 8880-3915 
Icones Plantarum, by W. J. Hooker, vol. iv. in part. 


1842. 


Genera Filieum, or Illustrations of the Ferns aud other allied Generi ; ; 


from the original coloured = of Francis Bauer, with descriptive — 
oker 


letterpress. By W.J. Ho 
Tussac Grass, By the same, Geogr. Soc. Journ., xii., pp. 265-267. 


w Laurus f "ing cim Verte died ?) from Southern Africa. 
By hesi same, Journ. Bot., iv., 418-419 


Some account of the Fes zo Tea (lex paraguayensis). By the 
„80-42 


same, Lond. Journ. Bot., 
On Trichomanes Vittaria, De Cand. By the same, Le¢., 137- 128. f 
On Cenomyce retipora. By the same, l.c., 292-294. 


n a new Species of Meniseium (a. simpler] from China. pyn the | 


same, l.c., 294-295. 


"TAS C IONS MM Lon Dt 


Serr en Ne re eee), PT neo yee © oe cee 


Er AET eee ee Ce EN TEN 


m 


Sige gi wee 
- Zealand, | pir enira 


On two Species of Chrysosple nium from exira-tropieal South America. 
By the same, 1.c., 457-459. 


On a New Species of Thuja [ T. donotaj and on Podocarpus Totara 
of Ns? Zealand. By the same, l.c., 570-5 


Figures, with brief EU of three ejes of Podocarpus, By 
the same, l.c., 656-659 


An Arrangement and Definition of the Genera of Ferns, with Obser- 
vations on the Affinities of each Genus. By J. Smith, Journ. Bot., iv., 
38-70, 147-198. 


Contributions toward: a Flora of South America. Enumeration of 
Plants collected by Mr. Schomburgk in British Guiana. (By G.Bentham.) 
Filices determined and described by J, Smith, Lond. Journ. Bot., i., 

03. 


An Arrangement and Definitions of the Genera of Ferns, &c. (cont.). 
By J. Smith, l.c., 419—498, 659-668. 


Botanical Magazine, edited by W. 7, kotor, vol. dde 3916-3963 ; 
lxix., t. 3964-3987. 


Icones Plantarum, by the same, vol. v. (n.s. 1.). 
The Journal of Botany, &c., vol. iv. 
The London Journal of Botany, &c., vol. i. 


1843. 


Brief Deser iptions, with figures, of Juniperus bermudiana, the Pencil 
Cedar Tree; and of the Da erdum elatum, Wall. By W. J. H[ooker], 


. Lond. Journ. "Bot, „ ii, 141-145 


Figure and Description of a new Species of Thuja |T. cuni 
from Chili. By the same, l.e., 199-200 


Notes on the Botany of the Antaretie Voyage, conducted by Captain 
hi 


James Clark Ross, in Her Majesty's discovery ships “ Erebus” and 


“Terror ” ; with Observations on the Tussac Grass of the Faikland 


y W. J. Hooker. 
Reprinted from Lond. Journ. Bot, n, pp. 247-329, and may be 


: pee as a esse n nee on tbe pu of Ross’ s antarctic a dem 
Hooker, the | tof the expedition. - 


pecies of "Pasa: T, from New 


ns of two 
es 121193. 
n Bateria (of Mr. Brown), 2 new Genus of Plants from South 
nsn By the same, l.c., 192—195 
-Figure and brief Description of. TRE chrysophy yita; by ile 
497. 


i same, Ze ia 495-4 


quisnam of a new w Species of = from New Zealand. Ow us SS 
the same, l. Cs 49 7-498 


4 


Figure and Description of a new Species of Senebiera | S. rhytidocarpa | 
from Patagonia, By the same, l,c., 5606-507. 


arrangement . of the Genera of Ferns, &e. By J. Smith 
Poele. Lond. Journ. Bot., ii., 378—394. 


Botanical Magazine, vol. Ixix., t. 3988-4047; Ixx., 4048-4059. 
leones Plantarum, vol. vi. 


London Journal of Botany, vol. ii. 


Some Account of a new po e from New Zealand. By J. D. 
Hooker, Lond. Journ. Bot., iii., 228-230. 


Catalogue of the names of a Collection of Plants made by Mr. Wm. 
Stephenson, in New Zealand. By the same, l.c., 411-418. 


ed on the Cider Tree (Eucalyptus Gunnii). By the same, l.c., 
499-50 


tice Antarctice ; being Characters and brief Descriptions of 
the Hepaties discovered in the southern ci reumpolar ola during 
the voyage of H.M. discovery ships “ Erebus” and “ Ore: 
the same, l.c., iii., 366-400; 454-481 (continued as Heration Nove 
Zelandiz, &c.). 


Hepatice Nove Zelandie et Tasmania; being Characters and brief 
Descriptions of the Hepatice discovered in the Islands of New Zealand 
and Van Diemen’s Land, during the voyage of H.M. discovery 
ships * Erebus ” and “Terror,” together with those collected by R. C. 
Gunn and W. Colenso. Em the same, l.c., 556-582. 


Land, an 
discovery ships, ‘ Erebus” and “Terror.” By the same, l.c., 634- 
658. 


— Antarctici; being nor with brief descriptions of the new 
species of Mosses ‘discovered dur ing the voyage of H.M. ‘discovery 
ipis * Erebus” and “Terror,” in the southern circumpolar regions, 
together with those of Tasmania and New Zealand. By J. D. Hooker and 
W. Wilson, l.c., 533-556. 


Description and Figure of a new Species of E tU lindsweefolia] 
from Columbia. By W. J. Hooker, l.c., 141-142 


Description, with a Figure, of a new S ees of Thuja | T. tetragona], 
the Alerse of Chili. By the same, Le, 14414 uel e 


Some account of Exothea oblongifolia. T. the same, 1.c., 226—228. 


Brief CM of a new Notylia [ N. multiflora]. By the same, 
l.c., 315-316 

On a new Genus of Flacourtianex AR men detected by Mr. 
Purdie in Jamaica. By the same, l.c., 3 


Enumeration of the Mosses and Hepaticz, collected in Brazil big. 
Gardner. etie Drawn up by W. J. Hooker and W. Wilson, l.c., 149- 
167, = 


LI 


Botanical Magazine, vol. lxx., t. 4060-4131. 
Icones Plantarum, vol. vii. 


London Journal of Botany, vol. iii. 


1845. 
The Botany of the Praet: Voyage of H.M. discovery ships, 
“ Erebus " and “ Terror," in the years 1539-43, under the command of 
Captain James Clark Ros 
I. Flora antarctica. 5 J. D. Hooker 
This appeared in parts, the Preface being dated 1845. 


On the Huon Pine, and on Microcachrys, a new Genus of Conifere 
from Tasmania; together with Remarks upen the Geographical Dis- 
tribution of that Order in the Southern Hemisphere. By the same, 
Lond. Journ. Bot., iv., 137-157. 


On Fitchia, a new Genus of Arborescent Composite (Trib. Cicho- 
racez) cm Elizabeth Island, in the South Pacific. By the same, l.c. 
640-64 


Alge Nove Zelandix, being a Catalogue of all the species of Al 
yet recorded as inhabiting the shores of New Zealand, with Characters 
and brief Descriptions of 'the new Species discovered during the Voyage 
of H.M. discovery ships “ Erebus” and “ Terror," and of others 
communicated to Sir W. Hooker by Dr. Sinclair, the Rev. W. Cilio 

and M. Raoul. By J. D. Hooker and W. H. Harvey, l.c., 521- 551. 


Alge Antarctiete, being Characters and Descriptions of the hitherto 
unpublished Species of Algw, discovered in Lord Auckland’s Group, 


Hepatice Antarctice, Supplementum, or Specific Characters hie 
brief uud: cured of some — Species of the Hepatice of t 


T. Taylor, l.c., 79-97. 


Animadversiones in Piperaceas Herbarii Hookeriani, auctore F. A. 
.W. Miguel, 1.c., 410—470. | 
Description de deux genres nouveaux. de. la. famille des ‘Eaphor- vr 


; UU par J. E. Planchon, l.c., 471-474. 


es affin tés des genres s Henslowia, Wall. T Ürypteromii! ? Blume. 

ues ? Blanco.) m Gardn. et Alzatea, Ruiz et Pav By 
the same, l.c., 474-47 

Description d'un nouveau genre de la famille des Diosmées [abe 23 
laisia]. By the same, l.c., 519—521. 

Observations on a New Genus of Ferns (Sy yngramma ). io PAN 
Liga 69. | 
Botanical Magazine. vol. Ixxi. (1st of the 3rd pagar <= 


—_ Journal Bonny, vol. iv. 


Report on the Royal Botanic Gardens and the ue 
New Palm House at Kew. (House of Commons Return.) 


1846. 


Note on a Fossil Plant from the Fish River, South-Africa. By 
J. D. Hooker, Geol. Soe. Trans., vii, 227. 


Deseription of Pleuropetalum, a new Genus of sree from the 
Galapago Islands. By the same, Lond. Journ. Bot., v., 108-1 


Description of a new Genus of Composite (Scleroleima), and a New 
Species of Plantago | P. Gunnii|, from the mountains of Tasmania. 
By the same, l.c., 144-447. 


An Enumeration of the Plants of the. Galapagos Archipelago a 
descriptions of the new Species. By the same, Proc. Linn. Soc., 
(1846) 276-279. 


A century of Orehidaceous Plants selected from Curtis’s Botanical 
Magazine, with coloured figures and dissections chiefly executed by Mr. 
Fitch. By W. J. Hooker 


Species Filicum ; ee a a of the known Ferns, vd y 
of such as exist in the Author's Herbari By the 


ontains upwards of 300 tas EA by W. ue on at least 
500 5 species of ferns. 


Description d'un genre nouveau [ Purdica], voisin du Cliftonia, avec 
des observations sur les affinités des Saurauja, des Sarracenia, et du 
Pe php: Par J. E. Planchon, Lond. Journ. Bot., iv. (1846), 250- 


Revue dela Famille des Simaroubées. By the same, l.c., 560—584. 


Sur le genre Godoya et ses analogues, avee des observations sur les 
Linées, des Ochnacées, et une revue des genres et espéces de ce groupe. 
By the same, l.c., 584-600 ; 644-656 


Catalogue of the first Series of Plants of Java, colleeted by Mr. T, 
Lobb, sets of which have been announced for sale by Mr. Heward, 
Young tt —— By the same, l.c., Lond. Journ. Bot., 

„ 246-25 


n Enumeration of Ferns cultivated in the Royal Gardens at Kew, 
in Déegrbor 1845 ; gee Characters and Observations on some of the 
Genera and Species. By J. Smith, Comp. Bot. Mag., vol. Ixxii., 
pp. 7-39. Also as a oii. pamphlet, pp. 35. 

Botanical Magazine, vol. lxxii. 
London Journal of Botany, vol. v. 


Repor . on the Royal Botanie Gardens and New Palm- 
House a Kew (for 1845), (Parl. Papers, Commons, n. 345). 


1847. 
Flore Tasmanie Spicilegium ; or Contributions towards a toe of 
By J. D. Hoo 


Van Diemen’s Land. By J. D. Hooker, Lond. Journ. Bot., vi. 106- 
125; 265-286 ; 461[bis]-479 | bis]. 


Description of a New Species of Lysipoma LP muscoides |, from the 
Andes of Columbia. By the same, l.c., 286-287 


the Diatomaceous Vegetation of the Antarctic Ocean. By the 
same, Rep. Brit. Assoc., 1847, ii., 83-85. 


An Enumeration of the Plants of the Galapagos Archipelago ; with 
Descriptions of those which are new. By the same, Trans. Linn. Soc., 
XX. (1847), 163-262. 


Algæ Tasmanice: being a Catalogue of ned Species of Alge 
collected on the shores of Tasmania h Characters of the 
ert SL ties by J. D. Hooker and W. H. ey. gent Journ. Bot., vi., 


Deseription of Victoria regia, or Great Water-lily of South America. 
By W. J. Hooker 
This was a apa issue, on large paper, of the figures and letterpress 
originally published in the Botanical Magazine, plates 4275-4278. Seedlings 
of or plant fu prósang at Kew at the end of 1847, but they were never 
reare 


Catalogue of Mr. Geyer's Collection of Plants gathered i in the Upper 
Missouri, the Oregon "2d y, and the intervening portion of the 
Rocky Mountains. By W. J. H[ooker], Lond. Journ. . Bot. vi. (1847), 
65-79; 206-256. 


Figure and Description of a new Cardamine from New Granada. 
By the same. 1.c., 202-294. 


Botanical Characters of a new Plant oro d Cs yielding 
the Gutta Percha of commerce. By W. J. H[ooker 463-465. 
T. in Pharm. Journ. vii. 179-181. 

—— Transl. Sur le Gutta Percha et la plante qui le produit. Ann. 
Se. Nat. Sér. I. viii. 193-195; Journ. de Pharm. xiii. (1848), 35-36. 


Botany of the Niger oe uos [in pantanasicn of Vogel's Journal]. 
y W. J. Hooker and J. D. Hooker — Journ. Bot. vi., 126-139. 
(W ith list of Madeira plants by C. Leman 


Sur le genre Godoya, ete., par J. E. Planchon, l.c., 1-31. 


Observations sur ? Amoreuxia, DC. (Euryanthe, ovens et Schlecht) | 
et description des nouveaux genres Roucheria et TARET intro- 
duction à des mémoires distincts sur les Coch es, Linées et 

Aristolochiacées, familles Pul cuv ces genres seront Tape fement 
rattachés. d the same, l.c , 139— 


Sur je. nouvelle famille des Cochlospermées. By the same, l.e., 294— 
311. 

Sur la Famille des Linées. By the same, l.c., 588-603. 

Botanical Magazine, vol. lxxiii. 

The London Journal of Botany, vol. vi. 

Guide to Kew Gardens, eds. I. and IL (title only differs). - 


| Report a + [for 1846]. Parl. in cot Comes n a odas ud 


1848. 


On the Vegetation of the Carboniferous Period, as compared with 
that of the present day. By J. D. Hooker, Geol. Surv. Mem., ii, 387— 
430; Edinb. New Phil. Journ., xlv., 362-369; xlvi., 73-78. 


On some peculiarities on the Structure of Benes. By the same, 
1.c., 431-439. 


Remarks on the Structure and Affinities of some Lepidostrobi. By 
the same, l.c., 440-4 


[Descriptions of about 45 new Australian plants scattered T PN 
Mitchell’s Journal of an Expedition into Tropical Australia. ] 
W. J. Hooker 


Sur la Famille des Linées: par J. E. Planchon (continued), Lond. 
Journ. Bot., vii., 165—186, 473-501, 507—528. 


Botanical Magazine, vol. Ixxiv. 

Icones. Plantarum, vol. viii. 

Guide to the Gardens, eds, III. and IV. 
Report [Civil Services, Estimates, 1847]. 


London Journal of Botany, vol. vii. 


1849. 
The Rhododendrons of Sikkim Himalaya. By J. D. Hooker. 


On the probable extent of the Flora of ibe Coal Formation in Britain. 
By the same, Am. Journ. Sc., Ser. II., 131-133. 
(Extracted from Veget. Garboniferous. Period, 1848-49.) 


Notes, chiefly botanical, made during an Excursion from oe to 
Tonglo. By the same, Journ, As. Soc. Beng., xviii., 419-4 


Niger Flora an oo of the Plants of western tropical 
Africa. Collected. by Theodore Vogel, botanist to the Voyage of the 
Expedition sent by H. B. M. to the River Niger in 1841, under the 
command of Captain H. D. ‘Trotter, including Spicilegia Gorgonea by 
Ph. B. Webb, and Flora Nigritiana by J. D. Hooker and G. Bentham, 
with a sketch of the Life of Dr. Vogel. By W. J. Hooker. 


Botany. By W. J. Hooker. (Forms Section XII., pp. 400-422, of 
A Manual of § Scientific Enquiry, ed. by J. F. W. Herschel.) 


Jute, Fibre of Corchorus capsularis ; Chinese Grass Cloth; Pooah 
or Puya fibre of Nepal and Sikkim; Oadal, or fibre of Sterculia 
villosa ; fibre of Sterculia guttata, Roxb.; Musa ei Fibre 
of the Manilla Hemp. [By W. J. Hooker], Kew Journ., i. 25-28. 

Jute, repr. in Pharm. Journ., ix. (1850), 545, l.c., 121- 123. 


Piacaba ; fibre = fruit of the Coquilla Nut, Attalea funifera, 
Mart. By the sa 

Repr. On Piacaba and Coquilla Nuts, Pharm. Journ., ix. cime 
431-432. 


9 


Some account of the B Sera Ivory Palm (Phytelephas macro- 
carpa), by the same, l.c 212. 


4- 
Repr. in Pharm. J ourn., ix. (1850), 369 -575. 


Putch-Pat, or Patchouli (Pogostemon Patchouli), By the same, 
l.c. 328-330. 


Abstract in Pharm. Journ., ix. (1850), 282." 


Deseription of a new Melastomaceous ON discovered in Jamaica, 
by Dr. MacFadyen. [By the same,] l.c., 


Botanical Magazine, vol. Ixxv. 
Guide to the Gardens, ed. V. 
Return of the Number of Visitors . (Parl. Papers). 
Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany, vol. i. 


1850. 


[Specimens communicated to the Museum at Kew by R. Spruce. By 
W. J. Hooker], Kew Journ., ii. 70-76. 


Jute; Corchorus capsularis, L. By the same, 1.c., 91-92 


en Oak (or Teak) [ Oldfieldia africana]. [By the same], l.c., 
183-1 


Eboe Nut of the Mosquito shore. [By the same], l.c., 249-250. 


Chinese “ Rice paper” or * Bok-Shung." [By the same], l.c., 27-29, 
250-253. 

Abstract in Pharm. Journ, ix., 545-546. 

‘Description and Figure of the Cedron of the Magdalena river 
(Simaba Cedron, Planch.). 377-382. (See an 
= Dia ie in the next volume, p. 59-60.) 

Repr. harm. Journ., x., 344-348 ; 472. 

Botanical den vol. Ixxvi. 

Guide to the Gardens, ed. VIII. 


Return of the Number of Visitors . . . [ Parl. Papers, 1849]. 


Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany, vol. ii, 


c wes 
Great Exhibition of 1851. Report ; iur y, Class IIT., pp. 123-162. 
Report on Substances used as Food. By J. D. Hooker 


Victoria regia ; or, Illustrations d the Royal Water jd: in a series 
of figures chiefly made from specimens flowering at Syon and at Kew 
By W. Fitch; with descriptions by 


W. J. Hooker 
Ane elephant folio containing four beautifully coloured plates by Fitch. 
Botany. By W. J. Hooker. us the Admiralty Manual of Scientific 
uiry, ed. II., p. 416-437.) 


Figure and Description of a new Species of Ranunculus [R. digitatus), 
z from the oe — By e same, Kew Sons i diis. 124-125. 


10 


Catalogue of Mr. Geyer’s Collection of ae gathered i in the Upper 
Missouri, the Oregon Territory, and the intervening portion of the 
Rocky Mountains [continued]. By the indie, Le., 287-300. 


igure s and Descriptions of two Species of Boehmeria, of which the 
fibre is kafi used in making Cloth. By the same, lc., 312-317. 
Repr. Pharm. Journ., xi., 276-278. 
Botanical Magazine, vol. Ixxvii. 
Guide to the Gardens, ed. X. 
Kepo: -e DOF o o o 1000 
Return of Number of Visitors [ Parl. Papers, 1850]. 


Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany, vol. iii. 


1852. 


e Botany of the Antarctic Voyage of H.M.S. “Erebus” and 

^ iw " By J. D. Hooker. II. Flora Novz-Zelandis, Parts 1 and 2, 
pp. 1 

On the Climate and Vegetation of the temperate and cold regions of 
East Nepal and the Sikkim Himalaya Mountains. By the same, Journ 
- Hort. Soc., vii., 69-131. 

Description of a new Species of Amomum [A. Danielli] from 
i. West Africa. By the same, Kew Journ., iv. (1852), 129- 


— as Amomum Gronyn paradis : ; Grains of - paradise 
Amomum, or Mellegetta Pepper, in Pharm. Journ., xii., 192-194. 


Description du Barclaya longifolia, Wall., de la famille des Nym- 
phéacées. By W. J. Hooker. Ann. Sc. Nat., sér. IIT., xvii., 301-304. 


On the Chinese Rice Paper. By the same, Kew Journ., iv., 
50-54 
Notice of a new species of sea ene by Charles Moore, in 
New Caledonia. [By the same], l.c., 54-56. 


Notice of a new species of Dammara, detected by E Charles 
Moore in La Peyrouse's Thad By the same, l.c., 115- 


Kew Gardens Museum. Tallow-tree, ye Insect Wax of Chins: 
Pe-la, or Insect-wax. [By the sarae]; l.c., 4, 


On the Camphor-tree of Borneo and Miis: Dryobalanops Cam- 
phora, Coleb. By the same, l.c., 200-206 ; 285. 
. Pharm. Journ., xii., 300-302. 


Eee of Daphne Laurel (Spurge Laurel) [By the same], lc. 
12-313. 


Gynerium saccharoides. | By the same], l.c., 313-314. : 


Cosciniscium [i.e., Coscinium] fenestratum, Maro Calumba-root). 
By the same, Pharm: Journ., xii., 185-188, 


li 


The ond of the Voyage of H.M.S. * Herald," under the com- 
mand of Captain Henry Kellett, during the years 18: 15-51. By 
Seemann. 

Part 1. The publication was completed in 1857. 

Botanical Magazine, vol. Ixxviii. 

Icones Plantarum, vol. ix. 

Guide to the Gardens, ed. XI. 

Heport . . Ir . . 189k 

Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany, vol. iv. 


1853. 


The ee of the Antarctic voyage of H.M.S. “ Erebus” and 
By Hooker, Il. Flora Nove Zelandie. Parts 3 


On a new Genus [ Milligania], and some new Species of Tasmanian | 
plants. "By the same, Kew Journ., v. 296-300. 

Botanical Expedition to Oregon. [By the same], l.c, 315-317; 
395. 

On the Distribution and organic contents of the * Ludlow Bone Bed " 
in the distriets of Woolhope and May Hill. With a note on the me 
like bodies found on it. By J. D. Hooker, and H. E. Strickland, Geo 
Soc. Journ., ix., 8-1 

The Rice-Paper Plant. [By W. J. Hooker], Kew Journ., v., 79-84. 
d the same], Le, 152-154. 

Botanical objects communicated to e Kew Museum from 
Amazon River in 1851, by Richard Pine Esq. [By the e re : 
l.c., 169-177 ; 938-947. 

Notice of two new Ferns from China. 

Catalogue of Mr. dui s Collection . . . 
the same, l.c., 257-265 ; 

Description and Figure of a new Fern from Malacca T e m 

Lobbianum]. By the same, l.c., 309-311. ; E 

— Kew Gardens DET or, à 1 Notice of. the Origin, and | some - a m" i 
contents of the Museum of Economie Bo denar to the Royal — 

Gardens, Kew. - By: de same, ‘Le., 329-337 ; 381-389. | 
new Species of Horkelia, from the Upper Platte River. By the 
same, "iv 341-342. ue 

Description of a new Species of Eriogonum, discovered in Calitornia 21 e : 
by Mr. Jeffrey. By the same, l.c., 395-366. oe 
on Pies Plants and Algz, collected Janes the voyage ot D. 

By Sir W. kie. 


Rhododendrons of Sikkim-Himalaya. 


By the same, l.c., 236-238. 
(continued). z 


T, Hooker and G, Dic 


Catalogue is hardy Herbaceous Plants in the Royal Gardens of Kew. 
y J. C. Nive 


An sete of upwards of 6,000 species, prepared by the Foreman of 
the oboe Department for the purpose of exchange with other establish- 
ments. (W. B. H.) 

Botanical Magazine, vol. Ixxix. 
Rapoart .. . for . . 1859. 


Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Misceilany, vol. v. 


1854. 


The Botany of the Antarctic Voyage of H.M. ships “ Erebus” and 
“Terror.” By J. D. Hooker. Il. Flora Nove-Zelandiz. Pu 5 
and 6, pp. 161-240. 


Himalayan Journals ; or, Notes of a Naturalist in Bengal, the Sikkim 
and Nepal Himalayas, the Khasia Mountains, &c. With maps and 
illustrations. By the same. 2 vo 


Notes on the Fossil Plants from — By the same, Geol. Soc. 
Journ., x., 163-166. 


On a new species of Volkmannia (V. Morrisii). By the same, l.c., 
199-202. 


n some species of Amomum, collected in Western Tropical Africa, by 
Dr. Daniel. By the same, Kew Journ., vi., 289-297. 


On the Functions and Structure of the Rostellum of Listera ovata, 

By the same, Phil. Trans., exliv., 259-264. 
Tr es fonctions et la structure du Rostellum dans le Listera 
ovata, Ann. Sc. Nat. sér IV., iii., 85-90 


On the Structure and Affinities of Trigonocarpon (a Fossil Fruit of 
the Coal-Measures). By the same, Proc. Roy. Soc., vii, 28-31; Ann. 
& Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. $8 xiv., 209-212 

On Maddenia and Diplarche, new Genera of "E Plants. By 
J. D. Hooker and T. Thomson, Kew Journ., vi., 380-384 

A Century of Ferns; being figures with brief Descriptions of one 
Hundred new or rare, or imperfectly known Species of Ferns, from 
various parts of the World. A selection from the Author's “ Icones 
Plantarum.” By W. J. a 

separate issue of the tenth volume of Heoker's Icones Plantarum. The 
* Second Century of e " (1860), was a distinct publication. 

Kew Garden Museum, &c. (continued). By the same, Kew J ourn., vi. 
10-26. 

Jumping, or Moving Seeds. [By the same], l.c., 304—306. 


Pine-leaf Fibre cf Silesia and the Bahamas. [By the same], l.c., 
90-93. 


On the “ "des ” Tree of Marocco (Argania Sideroxylon) By the 
same, l.c., 97-107 


Botanical Magazine, vol. Ixxx. 


Icones Plantarum, vol. x. 
Report . . . . 1853. 
Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany, vol. vi. 


1855. 


On the South American ‘Triuridee and leafless Burmanniace» from 
uem "uri of Mr. Spruce. By G. Bentham, Kew Journ. vii., 
—17. 


- 


Florula Hongkongensis, an enumeration of the Plants colleeted in 
the Island of Hongkong. By Major J. G. Champion, . . . the deter- 
minations revised, and the new ides described by G. B.—Mono 


cotyledons, l.c., 33-39. 


Additional note ae Arachis hypogea. By the same, Lc. 177-179 
(cf., viii. (1856) 380). : 
Notes on the Roogee of Kumaon, Megacarpea polyandra. By the 
same, l.c., 853-357. 
The Botany of the Antaretie Voyage of H.M.S. * Erebus" and 
“ Terror.” By J. D. Hooker. II. Flora Nove- E Parts 
7.& 8 (and last), pp. 241-312. III. Flora Tasmaniwe; Part 1. 


Illustrations of Himalayan plants, chiefly selected from drawings 
page ud the late J. F, Cathcart, Esq., cf the Bengal Civil Service. 


On some minute seed-vessels | Casati Ovulum, Brongn.] from 
the Eocene beds of Lewisham. By the same, Geol. Soc. Journ., xi 
569-565. 

On some small seed-vessels [Folliculites minutulus, Bronn] from the 
Bovey em Coal. By the same, l.c., 566-570. 

On todes, a subgenus of Flagellaria, from the Isle of Pines 
(New Caledonia). Byt the same, Kew Journ., vii., 198-200. 

On the structure of certain Limestone nodules enclosed in seams of 
Bituminous ~~ with a Se of some Trigonocarpons contained 
in them. By J. D. Hooker and E. W. Binney, Phil. Trans., erir, 149- 
156. 


ra Indica; a systematic account = the TAE of British 
India, & &e, “By J.D. D» and T. Thomson, v 

On Enkyanthus Roles: and Ó Hiis two new 
species of Himalayan Ericeæ. By the same, Kew Journ., vii., 124- 4-126. 

On two Fibres from Brazil : Fr T. C. Archer; with a Note by LA J. | 
Hooker. Kew Journ, vii., 

'The note constitutes four-fifths ot the article. 

Kew Gardens Museum, &c. (continued). By the same. Kew Jour. es 
vii., 97-114 ; 129-138. Hee 

Botanical Objects . useum . . in Pathan yina 
16j — 209-210; ison; ums os 


14 

Asplenium fontanum, Br, a British plant. By the same, Le., 340- 
343. 

Catalogue of Mr. Geyer’s Collections (continued), By the same, l.c., 
371-378. 
- Botanical Magazine, vol. lxxxi. 

Guide to the Gardens, ed., XIII. 

Report, , . . 1854. 

Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany, vol. vii. 


Museum of Economic Botany: a Guide to the Museum, &c. 


1856. 
Description of two American Species of Gnetum, By G. Bentham. 
Kew Journ., viii., 357-359. 


Notes on Loganiacew. By the same, Journ. Linn, Soc., L; 52-114. 


The Botany of the Antarctic Voyage of H.M.S. “Erebus” and 
“Terror.” By J. D. Hooker. III., Flora Tasmania, parts 2 and 3. 


On some Collections of Arctic Plants chiefly made by Dr. Lyall, 
aa Anderson, Herr Miertsching, and Mr. Rae, during the WepediGon: 
search of Sir John Franklin, under Sir J ohn Richardson, Sir Edward 
Belcher, and Sir Robert M'Clure. By J. D. Hooker, Journ. Linn. Soc., 
, 114- 124. 


On the Botany of Raoul Island, one of the Kermadec group in the 
South Pacific Ocean. By the same, l.c., 125-129. 
ased on a collection of plants made by Mr. MacGillivray, Naturalist 
to Hera 


On the structure and anag e Balanophorew, By the same, 
Trans. Linn. Soc., xxii. (1856), 1 


Catalogue of ve OO 8 = oS by W. J. Hooker, Kew 
Journ., viii., 16— 


Use of NE lacustris (Bullrush) in South America. _ By the 
same, l.c., 20-21. 


Agave americana in Devonshire, By the same, l.c., 26-27. 
Balsam-bog (Bolax glebaria, Comm.). By the same, l.c., 74-80. 
The Mammoth Tree (Sequoia gigantea). [By the same], l.c., 150- 


Ensete of Bruce. [By the same], le, 210-214, —— 
The Soap-Plant of California. [By the same], Le., 317-319. 
Cuba Bast in Jamaica. [By the same], l.e., 347-350, 
Jersey Cabbages. [By the same], l.c., 350-351. 

Odal oil. [By the same], Lc. 378. 


-~ On Polypodium anomalum; a new Species of Fern, m its 
Sori on the upper side of the Frond. By the same, Le., 360—362 


15 


Catalogue of the Ferns in the Royal Gardens of Kew, prepared by 
J. Smith, Curator, for the purpose of exchange with other gardens. 


Botanical Magazine, vol. Ixxxii. 

Guide to the Gardens, ed. XIV. 

Report . . for. 1855. 

Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany, vol. viii, 

Catalogue of certain succulent Plants (viz. Caetacem, the genera 


Mesembryanthemum and Aloé) in the Royal Gardens of Kew. For the 
purpose of exchange with other gardens. 


1857. 


On Professor Nees von Esenbeck’s Genera of Acanthacex, in the 
eleventh volume of De C. Candolle's. v Fdo. | By g BIS Kew 
Journ., ix., 15-7 E s Me 

Memorandum on the Principles of Genette Komeadatak in fitis. 
By the same, Journ. Linn. Soc., ii., 30-33. 

On Brachynema and Phoranthus, two new Genera cf Brazilian 
etii By ihe same, Trans. Linn. Soc., xxii., 125-128. 

e Botany of the Antarctic Voyage of H.M.S. * veiut and 
n Tortor, ” By J.D. Hooker. III., Flora Tasmania, parts 4 and 5 

ee of two new Dilleniaceous Plants from New Caledonia i 

and Tropical Australia. By the same, Kew Journ. ix., 47—49. - 

On Notospartium, a new genus of Leguminose, from New Zealand. 
By the same, l.c,, 176-177. 

On Zozodiscus, a new dics of Sapindace» from New Caledonia. 
By the same, l.c., 200-201 

a new species of Diapensia, from the Eastern Himalaya. By 
the inl C., 972-313. 

On the Growth and Composition of the Ovarium of Siphonodon 
celastrineus, Griffith, especially with reference to the bendi of tg E 
Placentation. By the same, Trans. Linn. Soc, xxii, 133-139. -~ 

rpum,9 new genus of] Himalayan Primblates. By 5D, 
Hooker and T T. Thomson, Kew Journ., ix., 199-200 Men 

On three new Indian Serophularines. By the same, l.c., 243-246, - 

Preceursores ad Floram Indieam; being Sketches of the Natural 
Families of Indian Plants, with Remarks on their Distribution, Struc- 
ture, and "I omi TE ee Campanulacex. By the 
same, Journ. Linn. Soc. i DER 

— Saxifragem, Cras eem m, ^, Drosemcen, po enn vu 
Tiossmelidofi, and 'Philadelphiz. l.c., 54- m a 

| aris Universal Exhibition. Report on Vegetable Products ob i 

without cultivation. By W. J. Hooker. ca Fe sae 


16 


Scientific Exploring Expeditions of the British Government. [By 
W. J. Hooker], Kew Journ., ix. (1857), 121-123. 
On the Palmite of South Africa. By the same, l.c., 173-175. 
* On ee Lees cra joe M nigripes, a Mexican, and on Davallia- 
nodosa, an Indian Fern. By the same, l.c., 268-272. 
Mr. Wilford's Botanical Mission to the Chinese Seas. By the same, 
1.c., 273-274. 


Flora of the British West Indian Islands ; ; by Dr. Grisebach [notice 
of the work, and letters from Sir W. J. Hooker and others], l.c., 274- 
279. 


Florula Hongkongensis: . . The Filices. a W. J. Hooker, l.c., 
333-344 ; 353-363, 

Note of the editor [W. J. Hooker], l.c., 383-384. (A short history 
of the various journals edited by him.) 


British North-American Exploring Expedition [with Instr eiii x: 
the oe By W. J. Hooker and J. D. Hooker. Kew Journ., 
213-219, 311 


The Botany of the Voyage of H.M.S. “ Herald.” By B. Seemann, 
Last part ; the first part was issued in 1852. 


Cultivated eet ; or, a Catalogue of Exotic and Indigenous Ferns 
cultivated in British Gardens with Characters of the Genera, Principal 
Synonyms, etc. "By J. Smi 

Botanical Magazine, vol. Ixxxiii. 

Guide to the Gardens, ed. XV. 

Hepért cuoi hors. e ceu 1.1856. 

Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany, vol. ix. 


1858. 


Handbook of the British Flora: a description of the flowering plants 
and ferns indigenous to, or naturalized in, the British Isles. By G. 
Bentham 

Spip x Fae ae a tribe of Rhizophoracee. By the same, 

rn. Li 0C., iii., 0. 
P ot the {hein Sphæriæ of the Hookerian Herbarium. 
F. Currey, Trans. Linn Soc., xxii., 257-287. 


en te of the Antarctic voyage of H.M.S. “Erebus” and 
Tere. By J. D. Hooker. lII., Flora Tasmanis, parts 6 & 7 
Precusores ad Floram Indicam . . diee lice By J. D. Hooker 


and T. Thomson, Journ. Linn. Soc., ii, 163- 


Enumeratio Plantarum Zeylanie: an Enumeration of Ceylon plants, 
with Descriptions of the new and little known 
observations on their habitats, uses, m native name. By G. H 


17 


K. Thwaites. Assisted in the identification of the species and synonymy, 
by J. D. "Ho oker. Parti, 1-80 

With the excepti of Moon's very Me € catalogue of ee no work 
Nd ng to be a complete enumeration o lants since the appearance of 

us's * Flora Zeylanica,” in 1747. It tüstndés 2832 flowering plants and 
vascular e | sie. and is supplemented by Dr. Trimen’s aay. of 1885. 
issued in five parts, and completed in 1864. (W. B. H.) 
"Botanical Magazine, vol. Ixxxiv. 
Guide to the Gardens, ed, XVI. 


BOUM . 4 . id o .— . ABEL 


1859. 


Martius, Flora Brasiliensis. Leguminose. I. Papilionacez, xv., 
pars I. (pp. 1-216). Auctore G, Bentham, 


On the genus Henriquezia of Spruce. By the same, Trans. Linn. 
Soc., xxii., 295—298. 


Synopsis of the Fructification of the Simple Spherie of the 
Hookerian Herbarium, By F. Currey, Trans. Linn. Soc., xxii. 
313-335. 


The Botany of the Antarctic Voyage of H.M.S. “Erebus” and 
“Terror.” By J. D. Hooker. III. Flora Tasmanis, parts 8-11 (and 
last). 


On the Origin and Development of the Pitchers of Nepenthes, with 
an Account of some new Bornean Plants ofthat Genus. By the same, 
Trans. Linn, Soc., xxii 4. 


On a new Genus at Balanophoree [Dactylanthus|, from New 
SRI and Two new Species of Balanophora. By the same, l.c., 


Precursores ad Floram Indicam.—Balsaminew, By J. D. Hooker 
and T, Thomson, Journ. Linn. Soc., iv., 106-157. 

Botany. By W. J. Hooker, assisted by D. Hanbury; in Admiralty 
Manual wA Scientific Enquiry, ed. IIL, by R. Main. Art. XV., 
pp. 418-4 

Filices Exotice ; or, Figures and Descriptions of Exotic Ferns; 
chiefly of such as are cultivated in the Royal Gardens of Kew. 100 

coloured plates by W. Fitch. By W. J. Hooker. 

Musei Indis Orientalis; an Enumeration of the er oe “eg East 
Indies. By W. Mitten, Journ. Linn, Soc., iii., Suppl. i., 

The Indian ee of Utricularia. By D, Oliver, Journ. Linn. 
Soc., iii., 170-1 

Observations on the Structure of the Stem in certain Species of the 
Natural Orders ont AES iue and Plumbaginee. By the same, Trans. 
Linn. Soc., xxii., 289-294. | 

Enumeratio Plantarum Zeylanie. By G. H. K. Thwaites, Part 2, 
pp. 81-160. 7 
Botanical Magazine, vol. Ixxxv. aoe 

u 94256. : QU 


18 


Report, LJ LI LJ for . * L] 1858, 
Report, . . . . from 1853 to 1859. 


1860. 


Florula Adenensis... A systematic account with descriptions of the 
Lm Bee, nag hitherto found at Aden. By T. Anderson, Journ. 
nn. Soc., V., Dh 


ra Tasmanix. By J. D. Hooker. (Date on title net ; issued in 
jus, "1855-59. Ji 


The monstrous Begonia a es at Kew in relation to Mr. Darwin's 
*'Theory of Natural Selection.” . By the same, Ann. and Mag. Nat 
Hist., Ser. HL, v., 350-352. 

n the Origination and Distribution of Species. Introductory Essay 
to ths Flora. of Tasmania. By the same. Reprinted in Am, Journ. Sc., 
Ser. II., xxix., 1-25, 305-326. 


On the species of Cordyline now in cultivation from New. Zealand 
and Australia. By the same, Gard. Chron. (1860), 791-792. 


Illustrations of the Flora$ of the Malayan Archipelago dd 
Tropical Africa. By the same, Trans. Linn. Soc., xxiii., 155-172 

A second Century of Ferns. By W, J. Hooker. 

An octavo volume ; the drawings by W. Fitch. The first * Century of Ferns” 
formed the tenth volume of Hooker's ** Icones Plantarum 


On some new species of Musci and Hopatiase in. the. Herbarium. of - 
Sir W. J. Hooker, collected in Tropical Africa, &c. -By W. Mitten, 
Trans. Linn. Soc., xxiii., 51-58. 


On Sycopsis [a x genus of Hamamelidee]. «By D. Oliver, 
Trans. Linn. Soc., xxiii., 83-89. : 


Enumeratio Plantarum Zeylanie. By G. H. K. Thwaites. Part 3, 
pp. 161-240. 


Botanical Magazine, vol. Ixxxvi. 
Guide to the Gardens, ed. XIX. 
Report .. «. for... [1989]. 


1861. 


Flora Hongkongensis ; à ydosaription of the flowering plants and ferns 
of the Island of Hongkong. . By G. Bentham. ; 


Outlines of Elementary hoi as introductory to local Floras, By 
e same. 


(Reprinted from the Introduction to the preceding work.) 
On the Species and Genera of plants, eonsidered with reference to 
- practical application to D Botany. By the same, Nat. 
t. Review, 1861, 133-151 


Notes on Ternstræmiaceæ, By. the same, Journ. Linn. Soc., v. - 
3-65. eir ^ cinia 


19 


Notes on Anonacem. By the same, l.c., 67-72. 

Botanical Memoranda. By the same, l.c., 72-78. 

On Fissicalyz, a new Genus of Dalbergiew. By the same, l.c., 78-79. 
Notes on Menispermacesm. By the same, l.c., Suppi. 1., 45-52. 
Notes on Tiliaceæ. By the same, l.c., 52-74. 

Notes on Bixace» and Hr genio By the same, l.c., 75-94. 


On Wissicalyx and Prioria, two recently established ES of 
Leguminose. By the same, Tatts, Linn. Soc., xxiii., 3 
Catalogue of Japan Plants. BY A. A. Bla 
he but prematurely deceased curator of the Herbarium) published 
little, though he left a good record in the Herbifthuni "€ This list st, 
comprising 1,600 species of flowering plants and ferns, appeared in Hodgson's 


* Japan." Since that date the number of known Japanese plait has about 
doubled. (W, B. H.) 

On Fropiera, a new Mauritian Genus of Sod seii of 

doubtful affinity. By J. D. Hooker. Journ. Linn. Soc., 


On Barteria, a new Genus of Passiflore from the Niger River. By 
the same, 1.c., 
— An Account. of the Plants collected by Dr. Walker in Greenland and 
Arctic America, during the expedition of Sir Francis M'Clintock, R:N: 
in the yacht « Fox.” “By the same, l.c., 7 
` Outlines of the Distribution of Arctic Plants. By the panie; Trans. 
Linn. Soc., xxiii. (1861), 251-348. i 
On Three Oaks of Palestine. By the same, Le; 381-887. sdi 6 
Notice sur les espèces de Cord, aperi de la Nouvelle Zélande et de 
l'Australie. . Par F méme]. Tradui par G. Barlet. .. Belg. 
Hortic., xi., 66-70 
(For the original, see under 1860.) 
 ,Preeursores ad Floram Indicam. "peces By J. D. Hooker and 
T. Thomson, Journ. Linn. Soc., v. 128- 
. The British Ferns; or, coloured Figures and Descriptions, with the 
needful Analyses of the Fructifications and Venation, of the Ferns of 
Great Britain and Ireland, sit oe ind W.J. Hooker. 
The drawings by W. Fit ch. | 


. Commercial produets of the Asphodel. By the same, - [from The 
Technologist.] “Pharm. Journ., ser. IL, iii., 24. 


Hepatice Indie Orientalis: an Enumeration of the TARET of the 
East Indies. By W. Mitten, Journ. Linn. Soc., v., 89-128. 
Notes on Aurantiaceæ. By D. Oliver, Journ, _ Soc., v., Suppl. 
II., 1-44. NN i3 ie 
Pl 0 Plantarum censes By G. H. K. Thwaites. Part Bed a 


"a Magi vol. Bai. i eS 


20 


Guide to the Museum. By D. Oliver. 
Report . . for . . [1800]. 


1862. 


Martius, Flora Brasiliensis. Leguminose. I. Papilionaces, xv., 
pars r. (p. 217-end). Auctore G. Bentham. 


Notes on Caryophyllez, eR and some allied Orders. By the 
same, Journ. Linn. Soc., vi., 55-77. 


Notes on Malvacex and RR By the same, l.c., 97-123. 
On Znocarpus. By the same, l.c., 146-150. 


On African Anonaces. By the same, Trans. Linn. Soc., xxiii., 463- 


[Addreis to the ER Society.] By the same, Proc. Linn. Soc., 
1861-62, pp. Ixvi.-Ix xxi 


Genera Plantarum ad — imprimis in Herbariis ewensibus 
servata definita, auctoribus G. Bentham et J. D. Hooker. Vol.i., pars T., 
came out in this year; the last part appearing in 1883. 


Florula Mallica. By M. P. Edgeworth, Journ. Linn. Soc., vi., 179- 
210. 


On the Vegetation of Clarence Peak, Fernando Po; with Descrip- 
tions of the Plants collected by Mr. Gustay Mann on the higher parts 
of that mountain. By J. D. Hooker, Journ. Linn. Soc., vi., 1-23. 


On the Cedars of Lebanon, Pea Algeria, and India. By the 
same, Nat. Hist. Review, 1862, p. 11-18. 


Garden Ferns. By W. J. Hooker. The drawings by W. Fitch. 


The Atiantis Hypothesis in its Botanical Aspect. By D. Oliver, 
Nat. Hist. Review (1862), 149-170. 


The Structure of the Stem in Dicotyledons. By the same, l.c., 298- 
29. 


On the Distribution of Northern Plants. By the same, Proc. R. 
Inst., iii., 431-433 ; Geologist, v. (1863), 262-263. 


Note on the Structure of the Anther. By the same, Trans. Linn. 
Soc., xxiii., 423—428. 


ote on Hamamelis and Loropetalum ; with a as ence of a new 
Anisophyllea from Malacca. By the same, l.c., 457-4 


Viti: an Account of a Government Mission to the Vitian and Fijian 
Islands in the years 1860-61. By B. Seemann. 


Botanical Magazine, vol. Ixxxviii. 
Guide to the Gardens, ed. XXI. 
Guide to the Museums (re-issue). 


Report. . . for . . 1861. (Also reprinted in folio.) 


21 


1863. 


An Enumeration of the Species of Acanthacez from the Continent of 
Africa and the adjacent — By T. Anderson, Journ. Linn. Soe 
vii., 13-54. 


[ Address to == m Society.] By G. Bentham, Proc. Linn. Soc., 
1862-63, pp. xi. 


Flora Australiensis: a Description of the Plants of the Australian 
Territory. Vol. i. By G. Bentham, assisted by F. Mueller. 
The first volume was issued in this year, and the seventh and last in 1878. 


On the Nardoo Plant of Australia. By F. Currey, Journ. Bot., i., 
161-167. 


Suus on apparently ne Woods hitherto little known. By J. R. 
Jackson. Technologist, iii., 49. 


Notes on the Economic — of Barks, By the same, l.c., 
362, 433, 530. 


ee oe of the Botanical s made by D. Lyall [by himself]. 
Journ. Linn. Soc., vii., 124-1 


On Anisostichium, a pene new Genus of Musci. By W. Mitten, 
Journ. Linn. Soc., vii., 119--120. 


n the Musci and Hepatice from the Cameroons Mountain and 
from the River Niger. By the same, l.c., 147-169. 


n the Loranthacez, with a Synopsis of the Genera. By D. 
Oliver, Jo ourn. Linn. Soc., vii., 106. 


The Structure of the Stem in Dicotyledons [Part IT.]. By the same, 
Nat. Hist. Review (1863), 251-258. 


The Solana of Tropical Polynesia. By B. Seemann, Journ. Bot., i. 
206-211. 


Botanical Magazine, vol. Ixxxix. 

Guide to the Gardens, by D. Oliver, ed. XXII. 
Guide to the Museum, ed. II. 

Repot . . OP , v ., 1907 


1864 


Flora of the Jhelum District of the Punjab. By J. E. T. Aitchison, 
Journ. Linn. Soc., viii., 55-75. 


Flora Australiensis. By G. Bentham, vol. ii. 


[Address to the EL Society.] By the same, Proc. Linn. Soc., 
1863-64, pp. ix.-xx 


Flora of the British West Indian Islands. By H. R. A. Grisebach. 


Completed in à year ; title page d 1864; but the work was issued in - 


seven parts, the first appearing in 


On the Plants of the Temperate Regions of the Cameroons Mountains —— 
ond Islands în the Bight t of mar collected by mde J-— = - 


p: 


22 
Government Botanist. By J. D. Hooker. Journ. Linn. Soc., vii, 171- 
240. 


On the Identity of Pinus Peuce, Griseb., of Macedonia, with the P. 
excelsa of the Himalaya Mountains. By the same, viii., 145-147. 

Note on the re replacement of Species in the Colonies and elsewhere. 
By the same. Hist. Review (1864). 123-127. 

On Ata ais anew Genus of Gnetacew. By the same, Trans. 
Linn. Soc., xxiv., l- 

Handbook of the New Zealand Flora. Part I. (Vasculares). By the 
sa 


Description of a new genus of Scrophularineæ [| Brandisia] from 
ae y J. D. Hooker, and T. Thomson, Journ. Linn. Soc., viii., 
11-12. 


Notes on some of the edible Fruita of the West Indies. By J. R. 
Jackson, Technologist, iv., p. 264. 

Notes on some African Vegetable Products... By. the same, l.c., 471. 

On a New Genus of Bees [ Adelanthus}. By W. Mitten, Journ. 
Linn. Soc, vii, 243-244. 

Contributions to the Cxgptopunie Flora of the Atlantic Islands. By 
ihe same, l.c., viii, 1-10. 

The * Br DONA pu the Survoy of the 49th Parallel of EIG: 
By the same, l.c., 12-5 

On some Species of Musci and Hepaticx, additional to x Floras of 
Japan and the coast of China. By the same, l.c., 148-15 

Lessons in Elementary Botany. By D. Oliver. ecu. at 
intervals.) 

Note on the Structure and Mode of Dehiscence of the Leptiison of 
Pentaclethra macrophylla, Benth. By the same, Trans. Linn. Soc., 
xxiv., 415-420. 

Enumeratio Plantarum Zeylaniæ. . . “By G. H. K. Thwaites, 
Part 5 (and last), pp. 321-483, title, &c. 


Botanical Magazine, vol, xc. 


Report . . Pia ~ v TOSS 
1865. 
fandbook of the British Flora with (1295) illustrations 
jean original drawings by W. Fitch. (Ed. II.] by G. Bentham. 


On the Genera Sweetia, Sprengel, and Glycine, Linn., Set nie] 
published under the name of Leptolobium. ni the same, Journ. Lin 
Soc., viii., 259-26 

Notes on Pueraria, DC., correctly referred by the author to 
Phase By the send Le., ix., 121-125. 

Note on the Genera. TIN dapes and Bettisgio, Ad, Brongn. 
By the same, l.c., 176-1 


23 


The ancient and modern Floras of Montpellier. By the same, Nat. 
Hist. Review (1865)., 202-225. 


Wei. — of some New Genera and Species of ass Legu- 
minose. By the same, Trans. Linn. Soc., xxv., 297-320 

[A asd to the Linnean Society.] By the same, Broo. Linn. Sot., 
1864-65, pp. ix.-Ixx 

Supplementary Tiscali on the Spherie of the  Hookerian 
Herbarium. By F. Currey, Trans. Linn. Soc., xxv. 239-262. 


Discovery of Asplenium Me in New Brunswick. By J. D. Hooker, 
Nat. Hist. Review (1865), 1 


Gustav Mann's Botanische Forschungen an der Westküste von Africa. 
(1805). 92-06 for the original, see under 1862.) Petermann, Mitth., 
(186 -26. 

ee of some new and remarkable Species of Aristolochia from 
Western Tropical Africa. By the same, Trans, Linn. Soc., 
185-187. 


Pepper. By J. R. Jackson, Pharm. Journ., Ser. TI., vii., 288-291. 


Cork and its uses. By the same, Technologist, v., 193; repr. 
Pharm. ete Ser. IL vi. 652-655. 


Notes on Lichens collected by Sir John Richardson in Arctic 
America. By W. A. Leighton, Journ. Linn. Soc., ix., 184-200. 


Observations on the Morphology and Anatomy of the Genus Restio, 
Linn. together with an Euumeration of the South African ser 
. Masters, Journ. Linn. Soc; viii., 211-255 


On:four new Genera of Plants of W cen — — belonging 
to the Natural Orders Anonacem, Olacines, Loganiacew, and Thyme- 
læaceæ, and on a new species of Par PURA. “By D. Oliver, Journ. Linn. 
Soc., viii., 158-162. 


On the Lentibulariee collected. in Angola by Dr. Welwitsch, F.L.S., 
with an enumeration of the African Species. By the same, l.c., ix., 144- 
56. 


Notes upon a few of the ume collected, MÀ near Nagasaki, Japan, 
. and in the islands of the Kor n Archipelag in the years 1862-63, by 
Mr. Richard Oldham. By de same, l.c., 163-17 70. | 


n Five New Genera of West Tropieal Africa, —— to the 
N taral Orders Bixineæ, Tiliaceæ, and Anonaceæ, with a Note upon the 
Genera Oncoba and Mayna. By the same, L.c., 170-176. 


Flora Vitiensis: a description of the Plants of the Viti or Fiji 
Islands. With an account of their history, uses, and properties. By 
B. Seemann. 

” With 100 coloured pia by W. Fitch. Much of this work was done at 
Kew, but it also includes the materials collected by the botanists of Cook's. 
and other voyages, and preserved at the British Museum. Com pee ss 1068. 
(W.B. H) | 

Botanical Magazine, vol. xci. 


: nuce to He "erseme ed. meris 


24 


; 1866. 


On Aira uliginosa as a British plant. By J. G. Baker. Journ. Bot., 
iv., 176-178. 


Handbook of the British Flora. By G. Bentham. New ed. [1II.] 
Flora Australiensis. By the same. Vol. iii. 


[ Address ud the Linnean Society.] By the same, Proc. Linn. Soc, 
1865-66, pp. x.—li. 


Florula of Banda. By M. P. Edgeworth, Journ. Linn. Soc., ix., 
304—326. 


Orchid Tea. By J. R. Jackson, Gard. Chron, (1866), 315. 
Repr. in Pharm. Journ., Ser. IL, viii., 28-29. 


The Treasury of Botany. By J. Lindley and T. Moore. 2 vols. 
A. A. Black, the Curator of the Herbarium from 1853 to 1864, was one of 


. B. Hemsley eed a few articles left unfinished by the latter at his death 
in May 1865. (W. B. H.) 


Memorandum on the Genus Thamnea, Solander, and other Bru- 
noniacez contained in the South African Herbarium of the late Dr. 
urchell, F.L.S. By D. Oliver, Journ. Linn. Soc., ix., 331-333. 


On Zillebrandia, a new E of Begoniaceex, By the same, 
Trans. Linn. Soc., xxv., 361-36 


Ferns: British and Foreign. Their History, Organography, Classi- 
fication, and Enumeration. With a treatise on their cultivation, &c. 
By J. Smith. 

Note on the affinity of Ferns. By the same, Journ. Bot. iv., 306- 

07. 

On two New Genera of Composite Mutisiacee from India. By T. 

Thomson, Journ. Linn. Soc., ix., 342-344 


Botanical Magazine, vol, xcii. Fits first under the editorship of 
J. D. Hooker. | 


Guide to the Gardens, ed. XXIIT. 
Guide to the Museum, ed. III. 
meer. . .-— for . . . 1865. 


1867. 


On the world-distribution of the British Ferns. By J. G. Baker 
Journ. Bot., v., 74-76. z 


Descriptions of six new species of TUS Y^ deae Hymenophyllacee. 
By the same, Journ. Linn. Soc., ix., oe 


[ Address to the ee Society.] By G. Bentham, Proc. Linn. S 
1866--67, pp. xi.-xxx 


25 


Illustrations of the genus Carex. e. Boott. Vol. iv. Tab. 412- 
600. Posthumous, edited by J. D. Hooker 


Ee of British Umbelliferz. By W. B. Hemsley, Journ. 
Bot., v., 356-365 


ponm Flora PEER cts. Toicen, auct. J. D. Hooker, vol. xiv., 
ars II 


Handbook of the New Zealand Flora; a systematic description of 
the native plants of New Zealand and the Chatham, Kermadec’s, Lord 
Auckland’s, Campbell’s, and Macquarrie’s Islands. Part2. By the same. 


Insular Floras. By the same, Gard. Chron. (1867), 6-7 ; 27 ; 50-51 ; 
5-76. 
The substance Es < cepe delivered before the British Association at Notting- 
ham, 27th August 1 
Transl. Mim eet sur les flores insulaires [extrait du Gard. 
Chiron; ] Ann. Sc. Nat. 5me Série, vi. (1866), 267—299. 
Note. at ied is antedated. 
On the Struggle for Existence ee Plants. By the same, 
Popular Sc. Review, vi., 131-139. 
Additions to the Lichens of New Zealand. By W. A. Leighton, 
Journ. Linn. Soc., x., 30-33. 
On a new species of Umbilicaria [ U. flavo-virescens]. By the same, 
l.e., 33-35. 


n some points in the Morphology of the Malvales, together with a 
description of a new genus of Buettneriee [Scaphopetalum]. By M. 
_T. Masters, Journ. Linn. Soc. x., 18-30. 


Eden of three New du from West Tropical nd belonging 
o the Nat ral Orders QGuttifere, Olacines, and Celastracem. By 
D. Oliver, oii. Linn. Soc., x., 42-44. 


Botanical Magazine, vol. xciii, 

Icones Plantarum, vol. xi. t. 1001-1025. 
Guide to the Gardens, ed. XXIV. 
Report- .—. < dot... 4 00 


: 1868. 

Lahul, its Flora and Vegetable products, &c. From communications. 
received from the Rev. Heinrich Jaeschke, of the Moravian Mission 
By J. E. T. Aitchison, Journ. Linn. Soc., x., 69-101. 


On the Geographical Distribution of Ferns. By J. G. Baker, Trans, 
Linn. Soc., xxvi., 305-352. 


A new Flora of Northumberland and Durham, with sketches of its —— 


Climate and Physical dE By J. G. Baker and R, Tate, Nat. 
Hist. Trans. North. and Durh., ii : 


DEM on v ege meten Jour. Mis 8, I 


25 

Note on the Stigmatic Apparatus of Goodenoviex. By the same, 
l.c., 203-206. 

[Address to e Er SRE . By the same, Proc. Linn. Soc., 
* 1867-66, pp. lvi 

The Genera g — African Plants. By W. H. Harvey, Ed. II. 
[ Posthumous] edited by J. D. Hooker 

Cultivation of Hb ciel Orchids, [By W. B. Hemsley], Gard. 
Chron. (1868), 710. - EP eia. 


On the Vegetable Productions of Abyssinia. By the same, Journ. 
Trav. Nat. Hist., i., 309-318. 


Notes on the Flora of UM iad the _ Journ. Bot., vi., 194- 
96; 258-268. - 


n Seeds and § plings of Forest Trees. By J. D; Hooker, Canadian 
Naturalist iii., 453-457. 
Synopsis of the South African Restiacex, By M. T. Masters, Journ. 
Linn. Soc., x., 209-279. 


A List of the Musci collected by the Rev. Thomas Powell in the 
ieee na ce Islands. By W. Mitten, Journ. Linn. COO R3 
166-195. 


. Phanerogamia and Vascular Cpto [of R. Brown’s E 
Discoana]. By D. Oliver, Trans. Bot. Soc., Edinb., ix., 447—452 


Flora of Tropical Africa, vol. i., Ranunculace» to eor. By 
the same, assisted by other botanists, 


Botanical Magazine, vol. xciv. 

Icones plantarum, vol. xi., t. 1026-1050. 
Guide to the Museums, ed. IV. i 
pee. — . E . . .. 186% 


1869.: 
A —— of the Plants of the Punjab and Sindh. By J. E. T. 
Aitchison 
diiz of the Ferns and their Allies, Med in. the Royal 
Gardens of Kew. Prepared by J. G. Baker, 1 


Review of the genus Narcissus. By the same, Gard. Chron. emi 
i, p. 416-417; ii, 529; iii, 686- 687 ; iv., EOIS; *., 1,186 
Yl dEdeenass a 


Abstract in Feuer: Bot, viii. (1870), 27-36; 100-117, 


A Monograph of British Roses. By the same, Journ. Linn. Soc., 
xi., 197-243. 


Flora Australiensis. By Œ. Bentham, vol. iv, | 
[Address to the Linnean Society.] By the same, Proc. Linn. Soc., 
1868-69, pp. Ixv.-c. (Geographical Biology). 


On the true Fuchsia coccinea of Aitom, By J. D. Hooker, Journ 
Linn. Soc., x., 458-461 em a 


27 


“Notes on Stictei in the Kew Museum. By C. Knight, Journ. Linn. 
Soc., xi., 243-246, 


On the Shan of the ae 2 the Genus Napoleona. By M. T. 
Masters, Journ. Linn. Soc., x., 492—504. 


Musci either en W. Mitten, Journ. Linn. Soc., xii. 
First Book of Indian Botany. By D. Oliver. 

Botanical Magazine, vol. xcv. 

Beport-.4 4: ofor . 92: 1858 


1870. 
m Roses [an abstract]. By J. G. Baker, Journ. Bot, viii., 
4-265. 


9 


On Zosa x re Thuill. and other new or en fortis of 
British Roses. By the same, l.c., 77-80. - 


On the World-distribution of the British el ott HE By the 
same, l.c., 182-189. 

On a new form of Myosotis from Sussex. [M. collina, var. 
Mittenii.] By the same, l.c., 7245. 


On the British Dactyloid Saxifrages. By the same, l.c., 280-290. 


A Revision of the Genera and Species of Herbaceous Capsular Gamo- 
phyllous.Liliacem. By the same, Journ, Linn, Soc., xi., 349-436. 


Flora Australiensis. By G. Bentham, vol. v. 


Martius, Flora Brasiliensis. Leguminose II. Swartzier, Casalpiniex, 
vol. xv., pars 11., pp. 1-259. By the same. 


On the Progress of Botany during 1869. Anniversary Address to 
the Linnean Society, 24th May 1870. . By the same, Proe. Linn. Söe., 
1869-70, pp. Ixxv.-xeiv.; pin ii., 91-92, 110, 113. 


On Spontaneous Generation and Evolution. By W. T. Thiselton- 
Dyer, Quart. Journ. Micr. Sc., x., 333—354. 


Nepenthes. By J. D. Hooker, Nature, iii., 147-148. 
The Student's Flora of the British Islands. By the same. 


"Ginseng. By piace Jackson, Gard. Chron. (1870); 1.184. repr. 
Pharm. Journ., Ser. ITI., i., 208-209 


Botanical Magazine, vol. xevi. 


eleme 


Icones Plantarum, vol. xi., t. 1051-1075, 
Guide to the Gardens, ed. XXV. 
-Bepott. acci oclo on xx ved STD. 


28 


On the Dispersion of montane Plants over the hills of the North of 
England By the same, l.c., 260—270. 


On the Botany of the Lizard Peninsula. By the same, l.c., 353-358. 


A new Resin md all the known Lilies. By the same, Gard. Chron., 
(1871), i. p. 104; 201-202 ; iii., 479-480; iv., 708-709 ; v. 903 ; 
m 1035; vii., "1164-1 165 ; vil, 1325; ix., 1422; £a 1650-51. 
(Index on last page.) 


==> 


Notes on the ba hey of Australian Proteacex. By G. Bentham, Journ. 
Linn. Soc., xiii., 58-64. 


Anniversary diram to the Linnean SOUS, By the same, Proc. 
Linn. Soc., 1870-71, pp. xxxiv.-Ixxviii.; Nature, iv., 92-94, 110-114, 
150-152, 170-172, 192-194. : 


Revision of the genus Cassia. -By the same, Trans. Linn. Soc., 
xxvii., 503-591. 


Notes of Plants of the a are of Oxford. By W. T. Thiselton- 
Dyer, Journ. Bot. ix., 145-1 


On Brassica polymorpha, Syme. By the same, l.c., 193-196. 
Fungi parasitic on Vaccinium Vitis-tdea. By the same, l.c., 328— 
9 


Structure of Fossil Cryptogams, By the same, Nature, iv., 444—445. 
Exogenous Structure in Coal Plants. By the same, l.c., 504-505. 
On homoplastic Agreements in Plants. By the same, l.c., 507-508. 


On the minute Anatomy of the Stem of the Screw-pine; Pandanus 
utilis, By the same, Rep. Brit. a xli, (Sect.) 128; Quart. Journ. 
Micr. Sc., xii. (1872), 50-55; 288- 


On the so-called * Mimicry” in Plants, By the same, Rep. Brit. 
Assoc., l.c., 128-129; Nature, iv., 507-5 
n Polygonum nodosum. By W.T. npe and H. Trimen, 
Journ. Bot., ix., 33—38. 


On the forms and distribution over the world of the Batrachium 
Section of TT CR By W. P. Hiern, Journ. Bot, ix., 43-49; 
65-69 ; 97-107. 


Botany. By the late W. J. Hooker (Revised for this edition - 
J. D. Hooker)  Admiralty Manual of Scientifie Enquiry, ed. IV. 

Nepenthes. — J. s Hooker. [Reprinted from Nature iii., 1870.] 
Journ. Bot., ix., 

Ascent of the Atlas + Range. By the same, Rep. Brit. Assoc., xli. 
(Sect.), 179-180 ; Proc. R. Geog, Soc., xv., 219-221, 


The cultivation of Opium in China. By J. R. Jackson, Pharm. Journ., 
Ser. III., 782-783. 
Notes on some Eastern Varnish Trees. By the same, l.c., ii., 61. 
The Uses of the genus Cyperus. By the same, l.c., 502-503. 


29 
s cultivation and use of the Dandelion in India. By the same, 
l.c., 524. 


Flora of T Africa, vol. ii. Leguminose to Ficoider. By D. 
Oliver, and others 


Les Melastomaeées . . . Par J. Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc., 
xxviii, 1-188. 


Trees in Kew Gardens [an extract from the Kew Report for 
1870] Journ. Bot., ix., 249-251 


Botanical Magazine, vol. xevii. 

Icones Plantarum, vol. xi., t. 1076-1100. 
Guide to the Museums, ed. V. 

HOM . | . MF. . . 190. 


1872. 
Study of Wood T MEO [Scilla]. By J. G. Baker, Gard. 
eie (1872), 1038-1039. 
Reprinted, in Journ. Bot, x. 270-274. 


On the Botany of the exe Peninsula. By the same (continued), 
Journ. Bot., x. 14-16; 35 


On Symea, a new genus of triandrous Liliace from Chili. By the 
same, l.c., 65-66. 


Revision of the nomenclature and arrangement of the Cape Specie of 
Anthericum. By the same, l.c., 99-101; 135-141. 

On a new b Acrostichum. By the same, l.c., 146. 
On Dasylirion and Beaucarnea. By the same, l.c., 296-299 ; 323- 
329. 


On a new Asplenium from Cape Colony. By the same, l.c., 362- 
363 


Revision of the Genera and pm of sp and Chlorogales. By 
the same, Journ, Linn. Soc., xiii., 209-292 


Enumeration of the cultivated! varieties of Lilium thunbergia 

y J. G. Baker and W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, r, Gard. Chron. (1872), 1. 1356 ; 
reprinted with corrections in Journ. Bot., xi. (1573), 21-23. 

Anniversary Address to the Linnean Society. By G. Bentham, Proc. 
Linn. Soc., 1871-72, pp. xxxiii.lvii.; (abridged) Nature vi., 111-118, 
131-133. 


On Thlaspi Led enim Linn. By W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, Cotteswold 
Club Proc., v. 271-272, 273-276. 


the Germination of Trope@olum. By the same, Gard. Chron. 
dem 218; reprinted in Journ. Bot., x. (1872), 112-114. 


On some Coniferous Remains from the Litho rd of 
iala. By the same, Geol. Mag., ix., oe 


30 


On le Fossil Wood from the Lower Eocene. By the same, l.c., 
241-2 

On a substance known as “ Australian Caoutchouc.” By the same, 
Journ. Bot., x., 103-106. 

On “ Tyloses,” the cellular filling up of.vessels. By the same, Le. 
321-323. 

Mayer and De Saussure. By the same, Nature, v., 181. 

Botanical Terminology. By the same, lec., vi., 455. 

Ee Analysis of the Phanerogamia and Fern Flora of Sussex. 
By W.B. Hemsley, Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1872, p. 128-129 (abstract); 
Journ. Bot., x., 299-302. 

Kew Gardens and the National Herbarium. By J. D. Hooker, 
Nature, vii., 45-46, 103. ce 

The Flora of British India. By J. D. Hitter, assisted by various 
Botanists. Part I. 

The E Callitris. By T R. UT Pharm. Venet Ser. 
ILI, ii., 623. 

Notes on the properties of the: Geraniez.. € ara same, 1 c., 144- 

745 


“Poisonous ptopertion of Jatropha urens: -By the mo» Le., 863- 
864. 


The Economic and Medicinal value of the Genus Rhus. By the 
same, l.c., 98: 


The Medicinal Properties of the Cow Trees of South America. By 
the same, 1. pi iii. RI M 

Kew Gard Speech of Sir John Lubbock . the 
House of f Commons, Aug. NN 1872. -Extracted from Bins "Parl. 
Debates 


of us Plants collected during the Journey of the late | Ceptein J 
Speke and Captain ss Lieut.-Col,) J. from Zanzibar to 
Egypt. e Determinations and Descriptions by Professor Oliver 


and others connected with the Herbarium, Royal Gardens, Kew, with 
an Introductory Preface, Alphabetical List "of Native Names, and Notes 
by Colonel Grant. Part I. Trans. Linn. Soc., xxix., 1-69, 


Botanical Magazine, vol. xcviii. 
Icones Plantarum, vol. xii, t. 1101-1125. 
Guide to the Gardens, ed. XXVI. 


Report . . . for . . . 1871; reprinted in Journ. Bot., x., 
180-181. 

Return House of Lords . . . relating to changes pro- 
posed to be introduced into the Direction and. Manageme "dn the 
Gardens at Kew, &e. Return, Commons, pp. 177. ^ = 


1873. 


Martius, Flora onines vi, pars IL, Composite, Vernoniacex. 
Auct. J. G. Baker 


A Review of the known Species of Crocus. . By the same, Gard. 
Chron. (1873), I., p. 107 ; IT., 179; ITI., 291-292 ; IV., 434—436 ; V.,542— 
543; V1., 609; VIL. , 680 ; Vill, 1402-1403 ; LX 1431-1432 ; e , 1406- 
1467 ; XY: 1533 ; XIL, 


New Ferns from Lord Howe’s Island. By the same, Journ. Bot., 
xi., 16-17. 
On Rosa apeninna, Woods. By the same, l.c., 35-36. 
Supplementary Contributions to the Flora of North Cornwall. By 
the same, l.c., 97- 


On e n a new Genus of Liliacee from Cape Colony. By 
the same, l.c., 


w Genus of Ferns of the tribe Aspleniew, from the Solomon 
Islands "T Diplora]. By the same, l.c., 235. 


Synopsis of the ae Indian ee of Dracena and Cordyline. By 
the same, l.c., 261-266. 

On the Recent Synonyms of Brazilian Ferns, By the same, Journ. 
Linn. Soc., xiv., 12-27. 


Descriptions of some New Species, a pire and. Varieties of 
Plants collected in Morocco by J. D. Hooker, G! Maw, and J. Ball. 
By J. Ball, Journ. Bot., xi., 267-273; 306-207 ; 322-335; , 364-3 374. 


"Flora Australiensis, By G. Bentham, vol. vi. 


Notes on the ee ae’ History, and Geographical. Distribution 
of Composite. By the same, Journ. Linn. Soc., xiii, 335-577. 


[Anniversary Address to the Linnean Society. | By the same, Proc. 
Linn. Soc., 1872-73, pp. viii.-xxix 


Mos C Address by the President [at the Inauguration of the New 
partments of the Linnean Society]. By the same, Le, 1873-74, 
pp. i—-v. d t ix., 30-32. 


The National Herbaria. By e T. E RERUM, T omis vii, 
243-245 s 


On stem-structure of the dbi P CODOGiacete, ‘By the 
same, Qut Journ. Mier. Se., xiii., 152-156 


Handbook of Hardy Trees, Shrubs, and Herbaceous Plants, con- 
taining descriptions, native countries, ete., and a selection of the best 
species in cultivation . ased on the French work of Messrs. 
Decaisne and Naudin, entitled * Manuel ^ Tania des Jardins, we. 

ey. 


. Also issued with a new title page dated 1877. 


dA Ec 
eiii Boone Mi gen Aei koa xa id 
with — aoe D. Hooker. uy 


32 


The Production of Honey Dew. By J. D. Hooker, Entomologist, 
64. 


vi., 460- 


On Melianthus trimenianus, Hook. f., and the affinities of Greyia 
Sutherlandi. By the same, Journ. Bot., xi., 353-358. 


Notes on some Plants from Smith Sound collected by Dr. Bessels. 
By the same, in “A Whaling Cruise to Baffin’s Bay," by A. H. 
Markham, p. 296. Reprinted in Manual . . . for the use of 
the Arctic expedition of 1875, p. 321. 


A v em ene of Ebenaces. By W. P. Hiern, Trans. Camb. Phil. 
Soc., xii., par 


e Mountain Tea pon odora, Ait.]] By J. R. Jackson, 
in Journ., Ser, III. 


The Medicinal Plants ot N ew Zealand. By the same, l.c., 662-663. 
Churrus. By the same, l.c., 764. 


Notes on the medicinal plants of the Rutaceæ. By the same, l.c., 
951-953. 


Note on Liatris odoratissima. By the same, l.c., iv., 322. 
African Tea Plants. By the same, l.c., 421. 


On Begoniella, à new Genus of Tc from New Granada. 
By D. Oliver, Trans. Linn. Soe., xxviii., 513-514 


Descriptions of Three New Genera of Plants in the men Her- 
barium of the late Dr. A. C. Maingay. By the same, l. c., 615—518 


The Botany of the Speke and Grant Expedition 
Oliver and others. Part II. Trans. Linn. Soc., xxix., 70-103. 


Botanical Magazine, vol. xcix. 
Icones Plantarum, vol. xii., t. 1126-1175. 
1872; partly reprinted in Journ. 


Bep ^ 74 
Bot., xi., 210-212. 
1874. 


On Hardy Sempervivums. By J. G. Baker, Gard. Chron. N.S., ii. 
(1874), 103-104 ; reprinted in Journ. Bot., xii., 343-348 


On New and Tuc known Capsular Gamophyllous Liliaceæ. By the 
same, Journ. Bot., xii, 3-8. 


On the sinet y ed Rue North American species of Cheilanthes. 
By the same, l.c., 


On New Draesnae from Tropical Africa. By the same, l.c., 164- 
167. 


On a New Species of Flugyea from the East Himalayas. By the 
same, l.c., 174. 


33 


On Two New Species of Pellea from Namaqualand. By the same, 
l.c., 199-200 

On the Genus Androcymbium, with Descriptions of seven new Species. 
By the same, l.c., 243-246. 

On a New Species of Heloniopsis from Formosa [err. typ. Heleniop- 
sis]. By the same, l.c., 278. 

^ the Alliums of India, China, and Japan. By the same, l.c., 289- 


E oux ud cd Species of Seillee and other Liliacee. By the 
same, l.c., 363-3 


Revision of the Genera and Pei ge of Tulipee. By the same, 
Journ. Linn. Soc., xiv., 211-310 

On the recent progress and present zv eg Systematic Botany. By 
G. Bentham, Rep. Brit. Assoc. (1879), 27 É 

A Revision of the Genera ias and Dipterocarpus. By 
W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, Journ. Bot., xii, 97-108. 

Remarks upon M. Vesque’s New Species [of the foregoing genera]. 
By the same, l.c., 152-154. 

Note on some Indian Dipterocarpee. By the same, l.c., 154. 

On the Perigynium and Seta of Carer. By the same, Journ. Linn. 
Soc., xiv., 154-156. ; 

Note on the foregoing communication [7.e. H. N. Mosrtey, on Fresh- 

water Algae, obtained at the Boiling Springs at res St. Michael's, 
yon &e. |. y the same, l.c., 326-327. 

The Tree-aloes of South Africa. By the same, Nature, £n 89-91. 

Liquidambar Trees. By W.B. H[emsley], Gard. Chron. N.S, ii, 
177-178. ` 


Exploration of the Libyan Desert. By the samo, l.c., 646-647, 
743. 


Notes on Ebenaceæ ; with descriptions of a new pacias [Diospyros 
Burchellii]. By W. P. Hiern, Journ. Bot., xii., 238-240 


On the subalpine vegetation of Kilima-njaro, E. Africa. mé Je D... 
Hooker, Journ. Linn. Soc., xiv., 141-146. Sa 


The Carnivorous Habits of Plants. [Address to Bot. and Zool. 
Sect.] By the same, Rep. Brit. Assoc, d &c., 102-116; Nature, 
ty 366-372 ; Revue Scient., vii., 481- 


The Flora of British India. By isi same. Part 2. 

Synopsis Filieum. Ed. II. By W. J. Hooker and J. G. Baker. 

Notes on the Areca Palm. Areca Catechu, L. By J, R. Jackson, - 
Pharm. Journ., Ser. III, iv., 689, 

Notes on the medicinal plants of the Scrophulariaces. By the same, 
l.c., 1033-1034. - 

'The uses of ue americana. By the same, l.e., v Stee d ee 

u 94256 


34 


ced of Botany. By J. Lindley and T. Moore, New and 


The T 
revised edition 
selton-Dyer and J. R. Jackson were among the contributors to 
B. H.). 


adis Thi Ja 
the A ere supplement of this edition (W. B 

List of plants collected by H. N. Moseley, M.A., in Kerguelen’s 
Land, Marion Island, and Yong Island. By D. Oliver, Journ. Linn. 
Soc., xiv., 389-390. 

tributions to Orchidology. By H. G. Reichenbach, fil. I. New 
Orchids, discovered by the Rev. C. Parish, at Moulmein. Journ. Bot., 
xii., 196-199, 

Enumeration of the Orchids collected by the Rev. E. C. Parish i in the 
neighbourhood of Moulmein, with Descriptions of the new Species. By 
the same, Trans, Linn. Soc., xxx., 133-155. 

w African Genus of LBs ele ir [Angolea]. By H.A. 
valen Sod: Linn. Soc., xiv., 208-2 

Botanical Magazine, vol. c. 

Icones Plantarum, vol. xii., t., 1176-1200. 

Report . . . for . . . 1878. Extract iu. Journ. Bot.) xii., 
208-210. 


1875. 


Elementary Lessons A Botanical Gospi: By J. G. B[aker], 
Gard: Chron., N.S., iii, I., 8-9; IL, 76-78; TIL, 138-139; IV., 202~ 
2 ; We D 3 . ; " 5 
IX., 621-622; N.S., iv., X., 101- 177-179. Reprinted also 
with slight alterations in Cio Pu Hes 

On E. Botanical origin of Attar of Roses. By the same, Journ. 
Bot., 

On a new Xiphioh from the Punjaub. By the same, l.e., 108. 

On Lindsaya viridis - Colenso ; an undescribed New Zealand Fern. 
By the same, Le., 108-1 

On the Botanical Characteristics of the Zones of Moisture. By the 
same, l.c., 184—189. (Reprinted from the Gard. Chron., N.S., iii., 621- 
622.) 


On a Collection ar Pe gathered in Central China by Dr. Shearer, 
By the same, l.c., 

Descriptions of three new Brazilian Vernoniacew. By the same, l.c., 
202-204. 

a of the African Species of Xerophyta. By the same, l.c., 
231-23 

- On a new Species of Sedum [S. Millii} discovered xh the late John 
Stuart Mill in Asia Minor. By the same, l.e., 236-237. 

= a Collection of Chinese Ferns gathered by Mr. J. F. xem: : 

e same, l.c., 291—292. 


35 


anew Tulipa | T. erythronioides] from China, with the habit of 
an I ylroniim. By the same, l.c., 292. 

On the rarer Plants of. Central Somersetshire, eo on the vette 
there of Althea hirsuta. By the same, l.c., 357— 

Revision of the Genera E iiw of UCET. By the same, 
Journ. Linn. Soc., xiv., 508-6 

Descriptions of some new "Eos of Plants colleeted in 
Morocco, &c. (continued). By J. Ball, Journ. Bot., xiii., 172-177; 
204-206. i 
Martius, Flora Brasiliensis, xiii., pars rrt. Polygalaceæ. Auctore 
A. W. Bennett. 

Notes on the Gamopetalous Orders belonging to the Campanulaceous 
and Oleaceous Groups. By G. Bentham, Journ. Linn. Soc., xv., 1-16. 

Revision of the Sub-order Mimoseæ. By the same, Trans. Linn. 
Soc., xxx 

The Nari its only and culture By F. W. Burbidge. 
To which is added a scientific review of the entire genus. By J.G. 
Baker. [From Gard. Chron. (1869)]. 

On the Classification and Sexual Reproduction of Thallophytes. 2: 
W.T. Thiselton-Dyer. (Revised and reprinted from Quart. Journ. 
Se., July 1875.) 

All the Lilies. [An abstract witb wood- cuts from J. G. Haken] By 
W. B. Hemsley, Garden, vii., 297-3 i 

The Yuccas. By the same, The ee viii, 129-134. 

The Magnolias, and their Allies. By the same, l.c., 269-271. 

Half-hours at Kew.** By W.B. H[emsley]. Gard. Chron., N.S., iii., T., 
141-142 ; IT. 335; III. Acacias, 814—815; IV. Acacias, le, iv. 130- 
131; V. 231-232; VI. Rare or interesting shrubs and trees, ’ 329-330 : 
VII., Oaks, 455-456 ; VII. 550-551. 


Fuchsias. By the same, Gard, Chron, N.S., iii., p. 179-180, iv., 
p+ 323. : - 


Planes. By the same, l.c,, 427—428. suni Lida 
petens of heat on plants. By the — it ivy S04. oae RAE 


I à 3 aond Flo — B. Godin - i Was. m 
Am. oT : Piura di OR "ms , XL MW 


rther j Ebenacem, with description of a new species 
iiti diversifolia]. By W. P. Hiern, Journ. Bot. xiii., 353-357. 
On the discovery of Phylica arborea, Thouars, a tree of Tristan 
d'Acunha, in Amsterdam Island, in the S. Indian Ocean, with an 
enumeration of the Phanerogams and Vascular Oryptogams of that- 
island and of St. Paul. By J. D. Hooker, Journ. Linn. Soc., xiv., 474-480. 
-Observations on some Indian oi of Garcinia. By pe — | 
l.c., 484—486. er : 
On Hydnora americana, R. Br. By the same, s 182-186. i 
c? 


36 


Evidences of os Glaciers in Central France. By the same, 
Nature, xiii., 

Instructions in Botany. By the same. In Manual of the Natural 
History of Greenland, for the use of the Arctic expedition of 1875, ed. by 
Prof. T. R. Jones, p. 62-67. 

The first part of the * Outlines of the Distribution of Arctic Plant 
By the same. (Reprinted from Trans, Linn. Soc., xxiii. (1861), 251- 
348), l.c., 197-238. 

Address . . . tothe Royal Society. 30th November 1875. 

The Flora of British India. By the same. Part 3. 

Vanilla. By J. R. Jackson, Pharm. Journ., Ser. III., v., 885-886. 

Zebra Wood. ae the same, Gard. Chron., N.S., iii, 750; Pharm. 
Journ., l.c., 1009 

Ginseng Siin x: milena of Nees ”). mf eo same, Gard. Chron., 
N.S., iv., 71-72; rm. Journ., Ser. III., vi., 86-88. 


Notes on some medicinal plants of the papar By the same, l.c., 
2-464. 


Remarks on the Structure, Affinities, and Distribution ef the Genus 
Aristolochia, with et 1s of some hitherto unpublished Species. 
By M. T. Masters, Journ. Linn. Soc., xiv., 487—495. 


Monographie Sketch of the Durionesw. By the same, l.c., 495-508. 


Description of some new Phanerogamia collected by Dr. Shearer at 
Kiukiang, China. By S. L. Moore. Journ. Bot. xiii. 225-231 


The Wild Flora of Kew Gardens and Pleasure Grounds. pe a. 
Nicholson, Journ. Bot., xiii., 9-12, 42—49, 71-77. 


Phanerogamia and Vascular Cryptogamia. By D. Oliver. In : 
Manual of the Natural History . . . of Greenland . . . for the Use 
of the Aretie Expedition of 1875 . . ., ed. by Prof. T. R., Jones, 
pp. 268-272 

Note on a Fruit from Comassi, collected by Lieut. De Hoghton, and 
sent to Kew by Major Bulger. By D. Oliver. Journ. Linn. Soc., xiv., 
451-458. 

List of Plants collected in New Guinea by Dr. A. B. Meyer, sent to 
Kew, December 1874. By the same, l.c., xv., 29-30. 


Phanerogamia and Vascular Cryptogamia o. Disco ee By the 

same. Repr. in Manual of the Natural Histo Greenland, 
from 'Trans. Bot. Bie; Edinb., ix. (1868). 

The Botany of the Speke a Grant Expedition . . . Part IIT. By 
D. Oliver and others. Trans. Linn. Soc., xxix., 104-178. 

On the Diatomaceous Gatherings made at Kerguelen's Land by 
H. N. Moseley, H.M.S. * Challenger.” By E. O'Meara, Journ. Linn. 
SoC., xv., 59-59. 

Historia Filicum ; an parue of the Nature, Number, and €— 
graphy of Ferns, &c. Smith. i 


Botanical Magazine, à ci. 


37 


Guide to the Gardens, ed. XXVI. Museum, ed. VII. 


Report . . . for . . . 1874. Extracts in Journ. Bot., xiii., 
313-315. 


1876. 


Martius, Flora Brasiliensis, vi, pars 1r. Composite, 2. Eupa- 
toriaceex. Auctore J. G. Baker. 


A Synopsis of the known Species of Iris. By the same. Gard, Chron., 
N.S., v., I., 526-527; IL, 559; III., 623-624 ; IV., 692; V., 723; VI., 


787-788; vi. VIL, 8; VIIL, 143-144; [IX.], VIT., 226; [X.] 
VIIL, 323-324; [XL], IX., 517-518; [XT] Xu 83-584 ; [XIII], 
XL, 614-615; [XIV.], XII r2 XIIL, 70 x 


806, 807. (Index on last page x 


On a Collection of Ferns made in e by the Rev. S. J. Whitmee. 
By the same, Journ. Bot., xiv., 9-13 

On two new Amaryllidacee from Natal. By the same, l.c., 66. 

On the genus Syringodea, Hook. fil. By the same, l.c., 66-67. 


On new Bulbous Plants from the Eastern Provinces of Cape Colony. 
By the same, l.c., 181-184. 


On Chlamydostylus, a new genus of Iridacez, from tropical America, 
and its Allies. By the same, l.c., 184-188. 


New Species of Ixiew. By the same, l.c., 286-239. 


n a new zc and Crocus from the Cilician Taurus. By the 
same, l.c., 265-266. 


New Aristee and Sisyrinchia. By the same, l.c., 267-269. 
New Gladiolee. By the same, l.c., 333—339. 


On a second Collection of Ferns in Samoa by the Rev. S. J. 
Whitmee. By the same, l.c., 342- 


On the Polynesian Ferns of the * dee $ eene By the 
same, Journ. Linn. Soc., xv., 104-112. 


Revision of the Genera and Species of Anthericeæ and Emm, 
By the same, l.c., 253—363. 

On a Collection of Ferns made by Mr, William Pool in the interior of 
Madagascar. By the same, l.c., 411—422. 

Teen Flora Brasiliensis, Leguminose,] II. Mimosee (xv., pars II., 
p. 260, to end). Auctore G, Bentham, 


The Fungi, ie Brazil, including those colleeted by J. W. H. Trail 
Esq., M.A. 1874. "By M. J. Berkeley and M. c Cooke, Journ. 
Linn. Soc., xv., 363-398. 


New Plants of 1875 : corn described, or exhibited. [By N. E 2 
the Gardene Year Book ME n 1876, by 
R. Hogg, pp. 127-163. | 


38 


On the Plant yielding Latakia Tobacco. By W, T. Thiselton-Dyer, 
Journ. Linn. Soc., xv., 246-247. . 


n the genus Hoodia, with a Diagnosis of a new Species [Z7. 
Barkly) By the same, Le. ., 248-252. 


m Physical Geography, By the same, Nature, xiii., 310- 
311 DATE 


e Classification of the Vegetable Kingdom. [A Lecture at the 
Royal Tisitoton. ] By the same, l.c., xiv., 293-296. 


Lebanon and its Cedars. By W. B. Hemsley, Garden, ix., 56. 


"Ethionema grandiflorum [with an Account of the Genus]. By the 
same, l.c., 108-109. 


Calochortus venustus [with a Conspectus of the Genus].. By the 
same, l.c., 132—135. 


The various Races of Garden Fuchsias. By the same, l.c., 284—286. 
Ceratozamias. By W. B. H[emsley |], l.c., 308—310. 


ze Salvias or Sages. By the same, le. 480-434 (Index on last 
page). 


The genus Raphiolepis. By the same, l.c., 596-597.  — 
The Passion-flowers. By the same, l.c., x., 12-20 ( Index at end). 
The Mutisias. By the same, l.c., 134-135. 


A graceful Wall or Rock Shrub: Desmodium ho iflorum (Les- 
pedeza bicolor var. Sieboldii). By the same, l.c., 216 


The Hydrangeas. By the same, l.c., 264—260. 

The Cannas. By the same, l.c., 406-408. 

The Tillandsias or Air-plants. By the same, Le., 466-467 

The Irises. By the same, l.c., 526-532 (Index at end). 

wie way in which Plants Feed. By the same. Gard. Chron., N.S., 


i: d 
A few Corrections for and Additions to the “ Outline of the Flora of 
Sussex.” By the same, Journ. Bot., xiv., 47-49. 
The items Fuchsias of South EN with Descriptions of four 
— . By the same, l.c., 


No ‘some Chinese Plants, with Descriptions of a few new 
Species. By the same, l.c., 205-2 0. 


Notes on the Botany of the paid re der) Grass-plots in Rothamsted 
Park, Herts. By the same, l.c., 299-30 


South Kensington Loan Collection. Instruments and Apparatus 
ite ‘By th in Investigations concerning some of the Phenomena of Plant- 
life. e same, Journ. Soc. Arts, xxv., 13-17. 


On i African Species ofthe Genera Coffea, Linn. din W. P. Hjem, 
Trans. Linn. Soc., Ser. TI., i., 169-176, 


39 


Plante Abyssiniee . ... Auctore W, Vatke. [A reviews} By 
the same. Journ. Bot., xiv., 58-62. 

Primer of Botany. By J. D. Hooker. 

Address to the Royal eia ea wei 1875). Scientific work of 
the year. By the same, Proc. R. Soc., xxiv., 72-94. 

The Flora of British India. By the same. Part 4. 

Princewood bark, a febrifuge from the Bahamas. By J. R. Jackson, 
Pharm. Journ., Ser. IIL, vi., 681. 

Another note on Rhubarb. By the same, l.c., 966. 

Notes on the Drugs collected by the Prince of Wales in India. By 
the skitsa vii., 29-130. 

Fenugreek. By the same, &c., l.c., 157. 

xd Chicle fs gum and Monesia bark. By the same, l.c., 409. 

Notes on Mascarene Orchidology. By S. L. Moore, Journ. Bot., 
xiv., 289.992. 

On the Orchids collected at the Island of Bourbon during the Transit 
of Venus Expedition, by Dr. I. B. Balfour. By the same, l.c., 292-291. 

On Coinochlamys, a West African genus of Acanthacee. By the 
same, l.c., 321—323. 

Occurred of Staminal Pistillody in an Acanthad. By the same, 
Journ. Linn. Soe., xv., 86-90. 


The Musei and Hepatiee collected by H. N. Moseley, M.A., 
 ANaturalist to H.M S. “Challenger.” By W. Mitten, Nur Linn. 

Soc., xv. (1876), 59-73. 

A List of the Musci and Hepatice collected in Kerguelen's Land 
by the Rev. A. E. Eaton, M.A. By the same, l.c., 193-197. 

Enumeration of Plants collected by V. Lovett Cameron, Lieut. R.N., 
in the region about Lake Tanganyika.: By D. Oliver, Journ. Linn. Soc., 
Xv., 90-97 

Note on a Collection of North-Celebes Plants made by Dr. Riedel, of 
Gorontalo. By the same, l.c., 97-1 

Descriptions of new species and varieties of Palms collected in the 
valley of the Amazon in North Brazil in 1874. By J. W. €— 
Journ, Bot., xiv., 323-333; 353-359. 


Botanical Magazine, vol. cii. 
Report . . . for . . . 1875. Extracts in Journ. Bot, xiv., 
270-274. à 


1877. 


anak of Mauritius and the Seychelles, By J, G. Baker. - 


MN LL series of Colonial Floras. Native spent, described 1058, of : 
accounted endemic. Aa B.H) aes 


40 


The genus Agave. By the same, Gard. Chron., N.S., me 171, 
393, 368-369, 527-529, 620-622, 717-718; viii., "30-41, 
202, 264, 397-398, 490, 556-558, 620, 682-683, 717, 748, "180-781, 
807-808 (Index and key on last page). 

New Ferns from the Andes of Quito. By the same, Journ. Bot., xv., 
161-168. 

On the Brazilian Species of Alstremeria [err. typ. Alstromeria]. 
By the same, 1.c., 259-262. 


Two new Ferns from Japan. By the same, Le., 366, 


Systema Iridacearum. By the e same, Journ. Linn. Soc., xvi., 6l- 180; 
also separate copies with original pagination. (C ontains. descriptions of 

the genera; and an enumeration of the species with synonymy.) 

On a Collection of Ferus made by ET uen Gilpin in the interior 
of Madsgusokt. By the same, l.c., 197-2 

On grin and Cordyline. By the same [1872], Journ. R. Hort. 
Soc., N.S., 27-30. 

A classified penes List of ma known Lilies, with their native 

ies, and Keferences to the Works where they are figured. By 
the same [1873 ?], l.c., 39-48. 

A classified Synonymic List of all the known Crocuses, with their 
native countries, and references to the Works where they are figured. 
By the same [1874 ?], l.c., 111-119. 

Descriptive Notes on a few of Hildebrandt’s East African Plants. 
By J. G. Baker and S. L. Moore, Journ. Bot., xv., 65--72. 

— -On some Questions of Botanical Nomenclature. By J. Ball, Journ. 

Bot., xv., 357-360. 

Spici ilegium Flore Maroccane. By the same, Journ. Linn. Soc., 
xvi. (1877), 281-376 (concluded in 1878). 

Review of the British Species and sub-species of Polygala, By 
_A. W. Bennett, Journ. Bot., xv., 168-174. 

On the Distribution of the } ieri nint Orders into Primary 
Groups, more rupes in reference to the Australian Flora, with notes 
on some points of Terminology, by v. Bentham, Journ. "Linn. oC., 

520. 


New Plants of 1876. ET N. E. Brown. i the Gardeners’ Year Book 
and Almanack, 1877, by R. Hogg, p. 151-169. 

Revision of the Kerguelen weg collected by Dr. Hooker. By 
Rev. J. M. Crombie, Journ. Bot., xv., 101-107. 

[ Sp on Honeydew.] By W. ication: Journ. R. Hort, Soc., 
N.S., iv., 6-7. 

On recent progress in the scientific aspects of Horticulture, By the 
same, [1872], l.c., 9-16. 

Report of the Professor of Botany. By the same [1873], Le., 
37-38. 
he species of Fuchsia. By W. B. Hemsley, Garden, xi., 70-75 
. (Index at end). 


41 


Hardy Cacti. By the same, l.c., 274-275. 

Edraianthus and its congeners. By the same, l.c., 314-315. 

Hardy Azaleas. By the same, l.c., 428-429. 

The St. John’s Worts. By the same, l.c., xii., 280-281. 

Rigid-leaved Yucca ( Y. treculeana). By the same, l.c., 328-329. 

The genus Clematis. By the same, l.c., 400-403. 

School Gardens in Sweden. By the same, Gard. Chron., N.S., vii., 
201-202. 

Rapid rise of Water in Plants. By the same, l.c., viii., 135 -136. 

Influence of Light on Plant-growths. By the same, l.c., 137-139. 

The D a RUN of Spiral-direction in Plants. By W. P. H[iern], 
Journ. Bo , 92-93. 


Third Notes on Ebenaces; with ME of a new species [Maba 
samoensis]. By the same, T c., 97-1 


On the Peculiarities and Distribution of ott in Tropical Africa. 
By the same, Journ. Linn. Soc., xvi., 248— 


Notes on the Botany of the Rocky Mountains. By J. D. Hooker, 
Nature, xvi., 539-540; Am. Journ. Se., Ser. III., xiv., 505-509 ; Arch. 
Se. Phys. Nat. lxiii., 240-247. 


Presidential Address, Nov. 1876. By the same, Proc. R. Soc., xxv., 
339-362. 


Note on the Uses of a commercial Cane termed “ Mig id 7 species 
of Phyllostachys. By J. R. Jackson, Journ. Linn. Soc., 


Notes on some of the Pharmaceutical Products adi in the 
Philadelphia Exhibition of 1876. By the same, Pharm. Journ., Ser. 
III., vii., 997-998, 1037-1039. 

teen on the Disarticulation of Branches. By R. I. Lynch, Journ. 

nn. Soc., xvi., 180-183. 

Note on the Blimbing (Averrhoa Bilimbi, Linn.). By the same, 
l.c., 231-232. 

List of rd collected by the Rev. A. E. Eaton at the Cape of 
Good Hope. By W. Mitten, Journ. Linn. Soc., xvi., 187-196. 

Alabastra Diversa, auctore S. L. Moore, Journ. Bot., xv., 289-298. 

List of flowering plants from Ellesmere Land and Grinnell Land 
[ collected during the Voyage of the ** Alert" and ** Discovery " under 
Capt. Sir G. S. Nares, in 1865-76]. By D. Oliver, Narrative, vol. ii., 
pp. 310-312. 

Note on specimens of Hibiscus allied to H. Rosa-sinensis, i collected 
in E. Ae Africa, with remarks. By the same, Journ, Linn. ke ied 


“Fora of Mc. Africa, vol iii.  Umbelliferz to Ebenaceæ. By oe 
D. — pe 


42 


Two new Orchids from Samoa, collected by the Rev. S. J. Whitmee. 
By H. G. Reichenbach, fil., Journ. Bot., xv., 132-133. 


New Palms collected in the Valley of the Amazon in North Brazil, in 
1874. By J. W. H. Trail, Journ. Bot., xv., 1-10; 40-49; 75-81. 


Some Remarks on the Synonymy of Palms of the Amazon Valley. 
By the same, Le., 129-132. 


Botanical Magazine, vol. ciii. 
Icones Plantarum, vol. xiii., t. 1201-1250. 


Report . . . for 1877; cf. Journ. Bot., xv., 243-246. 
1878. 
A Synopsis of the known ye of Aquilegia. By J aker, 
Gard. i NOS X1, p.19:20: Ii 76; HI, IU Lv. 1 203. 


(Key sud Tias on last page.) 
| _The Species of Colchicum, : By the same, l.c., 527. = 

n the Rediscovery of the genus. Eustephia of Cavanilles, Ey the 
"—- Journ. Bot. 2 xyi., 
On two new Genera. of EROR, Cope Colony. By the 
same, l.c., 74-77. 

New Composite from Monte Video. By the same, l.c., 77-79. 

An eina tad Classification of the Species of Hippeastrum. 
By the same, 

A new an to the Genera of Amaryllidacee. By the same, Lc., 
161-169. 

On the new imni Ae a of the Welwitsch and Schweinfurth Ex- 
peditions. By the same, l.c., 195-197. 

A. ee: of the Species of Diaphoranthema. By the same, l,c., 
236--2 

List of Balansa's Ferns'of Paraguay, with Descriptions of new Species. 
By the same, l.e., 299-302. 

Descriptions of new and little known Liliacez. By the same, l.c., 
321-326. 

— A Synopsis of Colchicaceæ and the aberrant tribes of Liliacem. By 
the same, Journ. Linn. Soc., xvii., 93-120. 

Report on the Liliacew, Iridacez, Hypoxidaces, and Hemodoraces 
of Welwitsch’s Angolan Herbarium. By the same, Trans. Linn. Soc., 
Ser. IL, i., 245-273. 

On disputed questions of Botanical Nomenclature, By J. Ball, Journ. 
Bot. xvi., 140-142. 

a Shr Flore Maroceane, By the same (conclusion). Journ. 

nn. Soc., xvi., 377-742. : Lie dur Aoc 


jdm 


43 


Conspectus Polygalarum enara -By A. W. Buts, Journ. 
Bot., xvi., 241—246; 266-282 


Flora Australiensis. By G. Bentham. Vol. vii. (and last). 
Handbook to the British Flora. By the same, ed. IV. 
— on Euphorbiacem. By the same, Journ. Linn. Soc., xvii., 
185-26 
Variation in Haworthias. By N. E. Brown, Gard. Chron., N.S., ix., 
p. 820-822. 

New Plants of 1877. [By the same.] The Gardeners’ Year Book 
and Almanack, 1875, by R. Hogg, p. 150-174. 

The Stapeliew of Thunberg's Herbarium, with Décrigdéni of four 
new Genera of Stapeliee. By the same, Journ. Linn. Soc., xvii., 162- 
172. 


On two kinds of mc in M Ne By C. B. Clarke, 
- Journ. Linn. Soc., xvii., 159—162. 

On the papas of New Guinea, remarks on some other 
species. By W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, Journ. gre xvi., 98-103. 

The Rain-tree of Moyobamba | North Peru]. By the same, Nature, 
xvii, 349-350 

Lecture on Plant-distribution as a field for Jeographical Research. 
By the same, Proc. R. Geogr, Soc., xxii., 412-445 


On the floral-structure d panna of Sapotacex. By M.M. Hartog. 
Journ. Bot., xvi., 65-72; 


Di: ses Plantarum novarum velminas cognitaram n mexicanaram et 
centra P aitiaricknartith: I. Polypetale. Auctore W. B. Hemsley. 

The Gardener's Assistant By P. Thompson, new ed. revised 
and extended by T. Moore, &c. Hardy deciduous trees, etc. is 


Hemsley, 638-674. Annuals and Biennials, &c. By t the same, 723-731, 
Plants adapted for Spring and Summer Bedding, &e. By the same, 
718-183. 


La distribution géographique des plantes. Par W. B. Hemsley. 
T: ovp du Garden (17 Nov, 187 p par Mlle. N. = ine xL 
i. 266-274, 286-296, 320-353 


Garden Botany. ic Garden, xiii., 103-105, 126-129, 
145-148, 163—163, 3 198, "011-212, 235-936, 261-263, 287-289, 
316-318, 339-341, 365-367, 893-396, 421-424, 438-441, 466-467, 
496-499, 524—525, 551-555, 577-581, 603-607, 626-627. xiv. 8-10, 
34-36, 68-71, 83-84, 114-116, 138-140, 159-161, 182-185, 205- 
207, 226-229, 249-250, 270-272, 292-293. | 


Colossal Fig Trees. By the same, l.c., xiii., 528-529. 
The Stuartias. By the same, l.c., xiv., 38-39. 

: Buddleia insignis. By the same, Le, 349. 3 
Holboellia ( Stauntonia) latifolia, By the "— 369. — ended. 
Me rosea, fed memini EC 


44 


The Daphnes of China and Japan. By the same, l.c., 442. 

£s Education of Gardeners. By the same.] Gard. Chron., N.S., 
ix., 4 

T Vitality of Vegetable Organisms. [By the same], l.c. 80. 

Gardening in London three hundred years ago. [Turner's and 
- Gerard's gardens.] [By the a l.e., 365-366. - 

Recent writings on Palms. By the same, l.c., 407, 431—432. 

The Island of Cyprus. [By the same], l.c., x., 75, 106-107. 

On a question of Botanical Nomenclature. By W. P, Hiern, Journ. 
Bot., xvi., 72-74. 

On a new Species of Gardenia as West Tropical Africa [G. 
Kalbreyeri]. By the same, l.c., 97-9: 

The distribution of the North American Flora. By J. D. Hooker. 
Lecture, delivered on April 12, at the Royal Institution. Gard. 
Chron JN S., x., p. 140-142; 216-217. Reprinted from the same. 4to. 

The Student’s Flora. By the same, ed. II. 

Ereeidential Address, November 1877. By ike i same, Proc. R. Soc., 

.» 427-446. Reprinted in Nature, xix., 109-113, 132-135. 

The Flora of British India. By the same. Part 5. 

= On the poisonous nature of the Cashaw Re te julifiora). 
By J. R. Jackson. Gard. Chron., N.S., x., 

Sanguinaire, or Thé Arabe [Algerian Dd zu the same. Pharm. 
Journ., Ser. III., viii., 521. 

The uses of some of the Indian species of Bassia. By the same, l.c., 

48. 


On the Mechanism for the Fertilization of Meyenia eei Benth. 
By R. I. Lynch, Journ. Linn. Soc., xvii. 145-147. 

On the Seed, Structure, and Germination of Pachira aquatica. By 
the same, l.c., 14 -148. 

St. Eben Pars II. Auctore S. L. Moore, Journ. Bot., 

, 129-138. 

aikai note on Coinochlamys. By the same, l.c., 138-140. 

A new Species of Fritillaria [F. grayana, Reichb. f. & Baker]. 
By H. G. Reichenbach, fil., Journ. Bot., xvi., 262-263 

Bible Plants; their History, with a Review of the opinions of various 
writers regarding their identification. By J. Smith. 

Botanical Magazine, vol. civ. 

Icones Plantarum, vol. xiii., t. 1251-1275. 

Guide to the Gardens, ed, XXVIII. 


Report during s 877 (Commons), fol. App. 
III., pp. 31-33. List of Atoidem mmu in the Royal Gardens, Kew. 
Cf. | 


Journ. Bot., xvi., 248-250 ; 253. 
Route Map, ed. II. " 


45 


1879. 


A Synopsis of the Hardy forms of Sempervivum now in cultivation 
in England. By J. G. Baker, Gard. Chron., N.S., xii, 10, 
Si 107, 135-136, 166, 268-269, 428-429, 650. (Key and Index on 
last page.) 


The Species of Fourcroya. By the same, l.c., 623-624, 656. 


Classified List of the known species of Apicra and Haworthia. By 
the same, l.c., 717-718. 


On four new binis of Eremurus from Persia. By the same, Journ. 
Bot., xvii., 17-1 


Report on a collection of Ferns made in the north of Borneo, by 
Mr, F. W. Burbidge. By the same, l.c., 37-44 


Report on Burbidge's Ferns of the Sulu Archipelago. By the same, 
l.c., 65-67. 


A Synopsis of the Genus Aechmea, R. & P. By the same, l.c., 
129-135, 161-168, 226—236. 


On a collection of Ferns gathered in the Fiji Islands, by Mr. John 
Horne, F.L.S. By the same, l.c., 292—300. 


Four new Ferns from South China. By the same, l.c., 304-305. 


On a variety of Hieracium caesium from the Great Orme's Head, 
By the same, l.c., xvii., 360-362. 


A Synopsis of Colchicacex and the aberrant tribes of Liliacem. By 
the same, Journ. Linn. Soc., xvii., 405-510. 


A contribution to the Flora of Northern Dems By J. G. Baker and 
S. L. Moore, Journ. Linn. Soc., xvii., 375-3 

Origin of ae Flora of the European Alps. By J. Ball, Proce. 
R. Geogr. Soc., i, 564-588. Gard. Chron, N.S., xii, 104-106, 137- 
138, 203-204, 231-932. 

—-— Trans. Considérations sur l'origine de la flore alpine européene. 
Ann. Se. Nat. Sér IL, ix., (41878 ") 119-158. {This volume is ; ante- 
dated.) 


Polygale Americang nove vi el pätai cognita. By A. W. Bennett, 
Journ. Bot., xvii., 137-143, 168-173, 201-207. 


New Plants of 1878. [By N. E. Brown,| In the Gardeners’ Year 
Book and Almanack, 1879, by R. Hogg, p. 141-167. 


Senecio speciosus. By the same, Gard. Chron., N.S., xii., 615. 
Note on Gardenia turgida. By C. B. Clarke, Journ. Linn Soc., xvii, 
310-312. A 

The Ferns of North India (Abstract). By the same, Journ. Linn, 


46 


Note on the fruiting of Wistaria sinensis in Europe. By W. T. 
Thiselton-Dyer, Journ. Linn. Soc., xvii., 329-332. 


A Cochin-China remedy for Leprosy [Strychnos gautheriana]. 
Pierre. By the same, Nature, xxi., 35.) 


Notes on Sapotacee, II. By M. M. Hartog, Journ. Bot, xvii, 
356-359. 


1879, p. 3 


Biologia Centrali- gere si Contributions to the Knowledge of 
the Fauna and Flora of Mexico and Central America. ited by 
F. D. Godman and O. Salvin. Botany by W. B. Hemsley. 


The first part appeared in September 1879. 


(An es of a few lines of the above appeared in Rep. Brit. Assoc., 
76.) 


Diagnoses Plantarum . . . mexicanarum, &c. II. By the same. 


La distribution géographique des plantes, par [le méme] (suite). 
Belg. Hortie., xxix., 59-64, 68-77, 79-88. 


Fritillaria Karelini. By the same. Garden, xv., 121. 

Rhododendron cinnabarinum. By the same, 1.c., 182-183. 

The Caleeolarias. By the same, l.c., 258-261 (Index at end), 
Himalayan Primroses. By the same, Lc. xvi., 12-13. 

Some ornamental species of Hibiscus. By the same, l.c., 486—487. 


Mexican and Central-American Orchids (an Alphabetical List of 
all the species hitherto er, Ni R a short historical introduction; 
By the same, Gard. Chr N.S., xi, 202-203, 235-256, 267-268, 
Se 367-368, 433-434, 559, - 686, 119-720. xii., 42-43, 75, 107-108, 

38. 


A New Natural Order of Plants. [By the same], l.c., xi., 170. 


Ornamental Grasses and Sedges [from the German of €. Bouché]. 
e same, l.c., 784 


'Swellings on Roots of Plants. By the same, l.c, xii., 112-1 13, 144. 
Kerguelen Land. By the same, l.c., 208. 
"Rodriguez. By the same, l.c., 295-296. 


The Genus Rondeletia. Some Corrections and Emendations in the 
Synonymy of the Species of the Genus. By the same, l.c., 235 


A Key to the Species of Spiræa and allied Genera [extracted from 
A Annot. de Spireaceis]. By the same, lc. 359-360, 

Dahlias. By the same, l.c , 437, 524, 557. 

On a two-flowered eis iam of d eei Rudge, and the 
difference between this species and C. Grayi, Carey. By the same, 
Journ. Bot., xvii., 274-275. 


Mogino and Sesse's collection of Mexican dried pienie Pa the 
same, l.c., 315-316. 


47 


The Native Country of the Potato. E the same [1878], Journ. 
R. Hort. Soc., n.s., v., 123-126. 

On the Discovery of a Variety of the Cedar of Lebanon on the 
mountains of Cyprus, with Letter thereon from Sir Samuel Baker, 

By J. D. Hooker, Journ. Linn. Soc., xvii., 517—519. 

The distribution of ET North American Flora. By the same, Proc. 
R. Inst., viii., 568—5 
Transl. denn. on Nat, Sér. VL, vi., 318-339 (antedated 1878). 


An account of the Petrological, Botanical, and Sm im oe 


made in Kerguelen’s Land a odriguez duri ring the Transit o a. by 
Expedition . in the years 1874-50. Phil. Trans., clxviii. [ Ed. b 
J. D. Hooker and A. Günther. | 


Observations on the Botany of Kerguelen's Land. By. J. D. Hooker, 
l.c., 5-1 

Towai Plants, Ferns, Lycopodiaceæ and Characeæ. By the same, 
l.e., 17-23. 

The Flora of British India. By the same. Part 6. 

Indian Plants adapted for mmm Purposes. By J. R. Jackson, 
Journ. Soc. Arts, xxvii., 333-34 


On Branch Tubers and Tendrils a Vitis gongylodes. By R. I, 
Lynch, Imm Linn. Soc., xvii., 306-3 


- 


On a monandrous Cypripedium. = S. L. Moore, Journ. Bot., 
xvii., 

Millere; a new genus of Tropical African Acanthaceæ. By the 
same, l.c., 225-226. ial 

Mimicry of Seeds and Fruits, and the function EEr Appar ttpos: : 
By the same, l.c., 271-274 

Adam Spade, the Gardener : an exposition of the curiosities of his 
Garden and Calling. By Dr. Abel Doubleway . . . [7.e., J. Smith]. 


Botanical Magazine, vol. cv. 

Icones Plantarum, vol. xiii., t. 1276-1300. 
Report... . fof awe I 
Extract in Journ. Bot., xvii., 345-348. 


1880. 

On the Flora of the Kuram Valley, &c., Afghanistan. Part I. 
By J. E. T. Aitchison [assisted by W. B. Hemsley], Journ. Linn. Soe., 
xviii. 1-113. 

The genus Lachenalia. By J. G. Baker, Gard. Chron. N:S, xiii., 
331-33 

A Spass of the Species and Forms of Epimedium. By the came} 
ley 62 

se a bw ides from Mexico. By the same, Journ. nt nd 

15-1 


48 
On two new Bromeliads from Rio Janeiro. By the same, l.c., 49— 
0. M 
- Synopsis of the Species of Zsoctes. By the same, l.c., 65-70, 105- 


p a collection of Ferns made by Dr. Beccari in Western Sumatra. 
By the same, l.c., 209-217. 


On a collection of Ferns made by Langley Kitching, Esq., in Mada- 
gascar. By the same, l.c., 326—330, 369-373. 

A Synopsis of — and Yuccoidee. By the same, Journ. Linn. 
Soc., xviii, 148-24 


New Plants of 1879. [By N. E. Brown.] In the Gardeners’ Year 
Book and Almanack for 1880, by R. Hogg, pp. 141-167. 


On some new Aroides, with observations on other known forms. 
Part I. By the same, Journ, Linn. Soc., xviii., 242-263. 

On Indian Begonias. By C. B. Clarke, Journ. Linn. Soc, xviii. 
114-122. 


is Review of the Ferns of poater India. Parts I.-III. By the same, 
s. Linn. Soc., Ser. IL, i., 425-611 


'The Botanical Enterprise of the os nA i - E 
A Paper read at the Colonial Institute, May 11, 


Botanical Gardens (extracted from the above). Gard. Chron., N.S., 
xiii., 649—650, 682—683, 713-714. 

On Lattakia Tobacco. By the same, Journ. Bot., xviii., 203-204. 
_ The coffee-leaf disease of Ceylon. By the same, Quart. Journ, Mier. 
.. Se., xx., 119-129. 


A Review of the British Characee. By H. & J. Groves, Journ. 
Bot. xviii., 97-103, 129-135, 161-167. 
Diagnoses Plantarum . . . . mexicanarum, etc., IIF. Auctore W.B. 


Hemsley. 
Senecio speciosus. By the same, Garden, xviii., 156. 


Ornamental Brambles. By the same, l.c., 358. 

The tall Mertensias. By the same, l.c., 514. 

The Genera of Plants. By the same, Gard. Chron., N.S., xiii., 236. 

The Severe Winters of 1682-3 and 1708-9, and Early English Ther- 
mometers. By the same, l.c., xiv., 71. 

[Botanical Teaching in Elementary Schools.] By the same, L.c., 144. 

[English Gardeners in Germany. By the same], l.c., 724. 

Humming Birds and the Nectar-cups of the Margraviacem. By the 
eo Le, 11-13 (Nectar-cups of the Marcgraviacer), l.c., p. 105- 
‘ - Botanical Bibliography. By W. P. Hiern, Journ. Bot. xviii, 263— - 


The Flora of British India. By J. D. Hooker. Part 7. 


49 


A new use for the Stems of ART Donax [Parasol handles]. By 
J. R. Jackson, Gard. Chron., N.S. xiii., 499. 


Alabastra Diversa, auctore S. L. i ants Journ. Bot. xviii., 1-8, 

1-42. 

Enumeratio Acanthacearum Herbarii Welwitschiani Angolensis. By 
the same, l.c., 193—199, 225-233, 265-270, 307-314, 340-342, 362-366. 


On Spe “grote ent Linn., and its segregates. By @. Nicholson, 
Journ. Bot., xviii., 16-19. 
Cardamine pratensis, L., and its segregates. By the same, l.c., 199- 
2 s 


Records of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [Half-title only.]. By 
J. Smith, 

A Contribution to our Knowledge of the Embryo-Sac in Angiosperms. 
By H. M. Ward, Journ. Linn. Soc., xvii., 519-546. 

Botanical Magazine, vol. cvi. 

Icones Plantarum, vol. xiv., t. 1301-1325. | - “ 

TOPO Fy 3$ TO v * 7" T5109. 

Extracts in Journ. Bot., xix. (1881), 56-58. 

Grevillea, vol. ix., Sept., Dec. 


1881. 
A Synopsis z ie known species of Crinum. By J. G. Baker, Gard. 
Chron. N.S., s [1L], 786; sevice HIE 39-40 ; IV.,72; 


p. 763; (II. 
Vs 180 ; VL, 300-900; VIL, 495-496; VIIL. 588-589; IX, 760; 
X., 784— 785. 
On a Collection of Ferns made by Mr. W. creer or in New 
Grenada. By the same, Journ. Bot., xix., 202-208 
A Synopsis of the Genus Pitcairnia. By the same, l.c., 225-233, 
965-273, 303—308. 
In Memory of Hewett Cottrell Watson. By the same, l.c., 257-265. 
A new Dracena from Singapore. By the same, lc, 326-327. — 
On the VEM History of Madagascar. By the same, l.c., 327-328, 
362-365 
On a Collection öf Ferüs made by Mr. Coni in the Malay Islands 
and Madagascar. By the same, l.c., 366-3 


Notes on a Collection of Flowering Plants made by L. eU Esq., 
in Madagascar in 1879. By the same, Journ. Linn. Soc., xviii., 264— 
281. 


_ Notes on Orchidee. By @. Bentham, Journ. Linn. Soc, xviii, 
; Gard. Chron., N.S., xv. ,p. 138. (Also Syair aa as a tract 
From the o latter sou ree.) 


Norre on Mn with eo reference to Lestiboudois's s “Essi » : is * 


on Beauvois's 
u 94956. — M per d - D m. 


the same, Journ: Linn. — » 360-367, 


50 


Notes on Gramines, By the same, l.c., xix., 14-134, . 


A Supplement to Johnson’s Gardeners’ Dictionary, to the end of the 
year 1880, By N. E. Bro 


New Plants of 1880. [By the same.] Inthe Gardeners’ Year Book 
and Almanack, 1881, by R. Hogg; p. 154—178. 


^ A Revision of the Indian Species of Leea. By C. B. — Journ. 
-Bot., xix., 100-106, 135-142, 163-167. 


Notes on Commelinacew. By the same, Le., 193-202. 


On the right-hand and left-hand Contortion. By the same, Journ. 
Linn. Soc., xviii., 468-473. 


On Arnebia and Macrotomia. By the same, l.c., 524—525. 


The Coffee-disease in South America. By M. C. Cooke, Journ. 
Linn. Soc., xviii., 461—467. 


On Central African Plants collected by Major Serpa Pinto. By 
Prof. Count Ficalho and W. P. Hiern. Trans. Linn. Soc., Ser. IL, 
ii, 11-36. (An ascent of the above was issued in Journ. Linn. 
Soc., xix., 13.) 


Butterworts. By W. B. Hemsley, Garden, xx., 212-213. 


The White Beam, the Rowan Tree, and their Allies, with a figure of 
Pyrus Hostii. By the same, Lc., 376-377. 


[Frozen Leaves of Evergreens.] By the same, Gard. Chron., N.S., 
xv., 16-17. 


Calceolaria fuchsiefolia. By the same, l.c., 268-269. 
Juvenile forms of Conifers, By the same, l.c., 333. 


List of Garden Orchids (continued). By the wA Lc., Pleurothallis, 
184; xvi., Pleurothallis (continued), 10, 42 ; -Stelis- Lepanthes, o 
Restrepia- Brachioni nidium, 172 ; Masdevallia, 236, 305, 336-337, 40 
regi a item io ai cien 498 ; Malaxis, 463; Oberonia, 527, 
Liparis, 592; Dendrobium, 624-625; Liparis-Hexalectris, 656 ; 
Dendrobium, 688-689. 


Opening Address pone — X Distribution ]. “By J: D Hooker. 
Rep. Brit. Assoc. (1881.) Sect. F. Nature, xxiv., 443-4 


The Ves de X By the same, Gard. Chron., N.S., xv., 74. Repr. 
from Bot. Mag 534. 


The Flora of British India. By the same. Part 8. 


Note on Hibiscus nomin Linn. and certain allied Species. By 
B. D. Jackson, Journ. Linn. Soc., xi 2. 


On the Conifers of Japan. By M. T. Masters, Journ. Linn. Soc., 
xviii., 473-524. ; 
E Kew Arboretum. The Maples. By G. Nicholson, Gard. 
ESSE xv.; L p. 10; If. 42; TII. 74; IV. 136-137 ; V. 172- 
a: $ VIE 299-300 ; VIII. 365; x. ug Ris 532; XI. 
ree Np Xx 725-726; XIII. 786. xvi. ; XV. 136- 
137 ; XVI. 375-376; [XVIL] 590; (XVIL]. 719; TX] 750; 
TX 


51 


agar of heat in flowers of Phytelephas. By the same, 
Journ. Bot., 154. 


Lessons in — n By D. Oliver, new edition. 


Botanical Collectors. J. eth Gard. Chron, N.S, xvi. 
(Masson, p. 335. udin m, p. J) 


Notes on the Vegetation, &c. of Chumba State and British Lahoul ; 
with description of New Species. By G. Watt, Journ, Linn. Soc., 
xviii., 368-382. 

Botanical Magazine, vol. cvii. 

Icones Plantarum, vol. xiv., t. 1326-1375. 

Guide to the Gardens, ed. X XIX, 

Grevillea, vol. ix., March, June; x., Sept., Dec. 


Report - for 1880, App. II. List of hloipes, Yuccoidex, 
and Agaves cultivated i in the "Royal Gardens, Kew 
Extracts in Journ. Bot., xix., 381. 


1882. 


the Flora of the Kuram Valley, &c., Afghanistan. Part II. By 
4 E ji me is [assisted by W. B. Hemsley ], Journ, Linn. Soc., xix., 


Martius, Flora Brasiliensis, vi., pars 11, Composite. 3. PEES 
Inuloideæ. Auctore J. G. Baker. 

A new classification of the Columbines [after v. Borbas]. -By the 
same, Gard. Chron., N.S., xviii., 553—554. 

Contributions to the Flora of Central Madagascar. By the same, 

ourn. Bot., xx. 17-20 ; 45-51; 67-70; 109-114; 137-140; 169-173 ; 

218-222; 243-245; 266-971. 

On a collection of Bomareas made by M. E. André in New Granada 
and Ecuador, By the same, l.c., 201-206. 


On Gorceizia, a new genus of Vernoniacex. By the same, l.c., 225- 
227. 


New Ferns from Southern Brazil. By the same, l.c., 309-310. 


On Four new Bromeliads and a new Stegolepis from British Guiana. 
By the same, l.c., 329--331. 

On a Collection of Ferns made by the Rev. R. B. Comins in the 
Solomon Islands. By the same, Journ. Linn. Soc., xix., 293-297. 

Diagnoses Plantarum novarum et imperfecte descriptarum phanero- 
pu Socotrensium, quas elaboravit [I.] B. Balfour, Edinb. 

R. Soc. Proc., xi., 498-514, 834-842 

— — of 1881. [By N. E. me TT the Gardeners’ Tui 
Book and Almanack. 1883, by R. Hogg. p- 164-190. 

The T Tonga plant (Epipremnum mirabile, Schott). 29 a same, 
Gard. Chron., N.S., xvii. 180; 259. EL dE 

D 2 


52 


Four new genera of Aroides. By the same, Journ. Bot, XX., 
193-197. 


The Tonga plant (Epipremnum mirabile, Schott). By the same, 
kë; 332-337. (Embodying the article in Gard. Chron. above cited. 


On a Hampshire Orchis not represented in “ English Botany.” By 
C. B. Clarke, Journ. Linn. Soc., xix., 206-208. 

Note on two eeo Ferns erroneously treated in the “ Ferns of 
Northern India.” By the same, l.c., 289-291. 


Note on the origin of a lignea. By W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, 
Journ, Linn. Sec., xx., 19-24. ; 


Joseph Decaisne. By the same, Nature, xxv., 390-391. 


Influence of “ Environment" upon Plants. By the same, l.c., xxvii., 
z 


The Gallery of Marianne North's Paintings of Plants and their 
Homes. Descriptive Catalogue. By W. B. Hemsley 
e first edition eompiled and printed at Miss Nor os expense. A reprint, 
with a few slight alterations, was issued by Her Majesty's Stationery Office in 
the same year, and a third edition with corrections and additions in 1883. 


The genus Maurandya. By the same, Gard. Chron. N.S., xvii., 
2. 


List öf Garden Orchids ek By the same, l.c., Dendrobium 
(continued), xvii, 26-27, 53-80, 306-307, 471—472, 528, 641-642, 
735, 116, 799... xviii Bultopkyllem, 52-53, 104-105. Bulbophyllum 
Megac clinium, 365; Trias-Celia, 427-498 ; Eria, 468—469, 500; 
Spathoglottis, 532; Acanthephippium- Phaius, 565-566 ; Bletia, 
81; Chysis, 746; Nephelaphyllum-Tainia, 780; Anthogonium- 
Trichosma, 812. 

Marianne North Gallery of Paintings of “Plants and their 
Homes,” Royal Gardens, Kew. By the same, Nature, xxvi, 155— 
156. 


On Dyera, a new Genus of Rubber-producing Plants belonging to 
the Natur "Order Apocynacer, from the Malayan Archipelago. - By 
J. D. Hooker, Journ. Linn. Soc., xix., 291-293. 

The Flora of British India. Bythe same. Part 9. 

The Vegetation of the Rocky Mountain Region, and a comparison 
with that of other parts of the world, By J. D. Hooker and A. Gray, 
U.S. Surv. Bull., vi., 

Note on. Negative Heliotropism in Fumaria corymbosa, Desf. By 
B. D. Jackson, Journ. Linn. Soc., xix., 232-233. 

On the occurrence of soge florets on the Rootstock of Catananche 
lutea. By the same, l.c., 9. 

Gum ME By J. R. Jackson, Pharm. Journ., Ser. LIL, 
xii., 723-72 

Kew Arboretum, The Oaks. By G. Nicholson, Gard. Chron., N.S., 
xviii., 107. 

The genus Francoa. By R.A. Rolfe, Gard. Chron., N.S., xviii. 265. 


53 


New Formosan plants. By the same, Journ. Bot., xx., 358-359. 
A new Cyperus from the East African Islands. By the same, l.c., 
362. 


Botanical Collectors.—George Barclay. By J. Smith. Gard. Chron., 
N.S., xviii., 305-306. 


n some undescribed and imperfectly known Indian species of 
Primula and Androsace. By G. Watt [with an Introductory Note by 
J. D. Hooker], Journ. Linn. Sox, xx., 1-18. 


Botanical Magazine, vol. cviii. 
Icones Plantarum, vol. xiv., t. 1376-1400. 


Report . for 1881. App. II. List of exotic economic 
and medicinal plants, cultivated under glass in the Royal Gardens, Kew. 
Extracts in Journ. Bot., xxi., 27-28, 53-55. 


Grevillea, vol. x., March, June; xi., Sept., Dec. 


1883. 
A Synopsis of the Speties of + egies By J. G. Baker, Gard. 
Chron., N.S., xix., 307—308, 339-34 


The Species of Tulipa. By the same, l.c., I. 626; II. 668; III. 
ae IV. 788. xx. VI., 71; VII. 153; VIII. 169-170 ; IX. 233-234; 


A are of the genus Selaginella. By the sam e, Journ. Bot., 
xxi, 1-5, 42-46, 80-84, 97—100, 141-145, 210-213, - 240-244, 332- 
336. 


Two new Carices from Central Madagascar. By the same, l.c., 129- 
0. 


Ferns collected by the Rev. J. Hannington in East Tropical Africa, 
By the same, l.c., 245. 


A Study of the Survival of the Fittest. By the same, l.c., 271-274. 
On Lehmann’s Andine Bomareas. By the same, l.c., 373. 


Sn to the Flora of Madagascar. age the same, Journ. 

Linn, Soc, xx, 87-150, 150-236, 297-804. d 

Recent Additions to our knowledge of the Flora of Fiji. By the 
same, l.c., 358-373. 

On the Joint and Separate Work of the Authors of Bentham and 
Hooker's “Genera Plantarum." By G. Bentham, Journ. Linn. Soc., 
xx. 304--308. i 

The Genera Plantarum. pan and separate work), reprinted in 
"Gard. Chron., N.S., Xix., 

-New Ea of 1882. [By N. E. Brown.] In the Gardeners’ Year 
Book and Almanack, 1883, by R. Hogg. pp. 81-108. 
- The genus Drosera. By the same, Gard. Chron., N.S., xix., 732. _ 


54 


The ** Genera Plantarum." By the same, l.c., 733-734. 


On Hemicarex, iin and its Allies. By C. B. Clarke, Journ. 
Linn. Soc., xx. 374-4 


Zamia. Fischeri: i W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, Gard, Chron., : N.S., 
xix., 212. 


Notes on some new Teenie Products, recently received at the 
Royal Gardens, Kew. By the same, Journ. Soc 404- 


Note on the origin of Cassia lignea. By the same [an extract from 
the above]. Repr.in Pharm. Journ., Ser. IIL, xiii., 583—584. 


The Sacred Tree of Kum-bum. By the same, Nature, xxvii., 223- 
224. . 


Deductive Biology. By the same, l.c., 554-555 ; xxviii., 171. 


Vegetable Tallow from Singapore. By the same, Pharm. Journ., 
Ser. IIL., xiv., 462. 


na New Species of Cycas from Southern India. By the same, 
Trans. Linn. Soc., Ser. II, ii. 85-86. 


List of Garden Orchids (continued). By W. B. Hemsley, Gard. 
‘Chron., pd xix. Celogyne, 46, 576-577; | Otochilus, Aiia, 

Calan the, Arundin a, 636; Eileanthus-Amblos -a 
660; Trak akada 700; Alamania- Hartwegia 
‘Epidendrum, 42, 152, 204, 244, 477, 573-574, 606, 634. 


Figures of Plants [in oe ae Constantinopolitanus of Dioscor- 
ides]. By the same, l.c., 


Census of Flowering Plants. us the same], 371. 
[Steppe Flora, By the same], l.c., 664. 


Funeral Wreaths of three thousand years ago. By the same, l.c., 
783-784. 


The Common Fig Tree [after Solms-Laobes]- By the same, Le. 
529-530 ; 572. 


Chinese Botanical Literature. By the same, l.c., 687-688. 
Why Figs cast their Fruit, The Erinosyce—a variety of the 
cultivated Fig with male flowers in England. By the same, l.c., XX., 
23. 
Social life of Ants and Plants. By the same, l.c., 71-72. 
yy ae Flowers by Snails and Slugs. By the same, Le., 266- 


The Vegetation of Australia. By the same, l.c., 390-391. 


The Seed Vessels of Australian Trees and Shrubs. By the same, l.c, 
464—465, II. (Australian Seed Vessels), 688. 


A new hybrid Hedychium. By the same, l.c., 492. 
on new Bermudan Plants. By the same, Journ, Bot. , xxi, 104-105. 


55 


A new Afghan Plant. By the same, l.c., 135-136. 


Bermuds Plants in the Sloane Collection, British Museum. By the 
same, l.c., 257-261. 


On the Synonymy of the Orchidaceous Senne Didymoplexis, Griffith, 
and the Elongation of the Pedicels of D. per ens after flowering. By 
the same, Journ. Linn. Soc., xx., 308-311 


The Botany of the “Challenger” Expedition. By the same, 
Nature, xxvii., 462-463. 


The relations of the Fig and the Caprifig. By the same, l.c., 584— 
586. 


The “ Tambor,” a tree yielding a purgative oil, with descriptions of 
two species of Omphalea. By the same, Pharm. Journ., Ser. IIL, xiii., 
301. 


The Flora of British India. By J. D. Hooker. Part 10. 


Loeal Catalogues used preparing Watson’s * Dye 
Botany" [preserved in dus Herbin e Kew]. -By B. D. 
Jackson, Journ. Bot., xxi., 343—346, 363-370. 


Tea and its iui By J. R. Jackson, Gard. Chron., N.S., xix., 
802-803; xx., 765-76 


Kew Arboretum. The Oaks (cont). By G. Nicholson, Gard. 
Chron., N.S., xix., 597. 


New Passifloree. By M. T. Masters, Journ. Bot., xxi., 38—36. 


On the Passiflorese, collected by M. Edouard André in Ecuador gad 
New Granada. By the same, Journ. Linn. Soc., xx., 25-44. 


-Notes on Carruthersia and Voacanga. By R. A. Rolfe, Journ. Bot., 
xxi., 200-202 


On the vemm described by Linneus, Bergius, ee fil., and 
Thunberg. By th same, Journ. Linn. Soc., xx., 338-— 


Topographical Dean. By H. C. Watson. Second edition. By J. G. 
er oe W. W. Newbould. 
Contains a memoir m the author by J. G. Baker, Mr. Watson gave his 
valuable Bri British renum and e rere E Vs s Baker, by whom 
( 
Botanical Magazine, vol. cix. 
Icones Plantarum, vol. xv., t. 1401-1450. 
Guide to the Museum, No. I. 
Grevillea, vol. xi., March, June; xii., Sept., Oct. 
| 1884. 
us, Flora Brasiliensis, vi, pars rz, Composite, 4. Helian- 


Marti 
thoidew, Helenioideæ, Anthemideæ, Senecionideæ,  Cynaroidez 
om Mutisiaceæ. Auctore J. G. Baker. 


uu ues of Solanum. [A trà Journ. Linn. oe 


Soy ain Hy Bsn, Gard, Chi v N.S., xxi, 


56 


New Lachenalias. By the same, l.c., 668. 


(Notes on) Ponies. By the same, Lc. L, 732; IL, 779-780; 
III., 828-830 ; IV., xxii., 9-10. 


Notes on the Cultivated Asters ae the same, l.c., xxii.; I., 523-524 ; 
IL, 554; III., 618; IV., 680-681 ; V., 744. 


m kr uem Botany of Derbyshire. By the same, Journ. Bot., 


DR of the genus Selaginella (continued). By the same, l.c., 
23-26, 86-90, 110-113, 243-247, 275-278, 295-300, 373-377. 


New plants from the Zambesi country. By the same, l.c., 52-53. 
Ferns collected in Madagascar by M. Humblot. By the same, l.e., 
139-144. 


On the British Daffodils. By the same, l.c., 193-195. 


Ferns collected in Costa Rica by Mr. P. G. Harrison. By the same, 
Le., 362-364. 


A Review of the Tuber-bearing species of Solanum. By the same, 
Journ. Linn. Soc., xx., 489-507. 


Notes on the Flora of slated By J. G. Baker and W. W. Newbould, 
Journ. Bot., xxii., 334-344 s 

Diagnos es Plautarum novarum . Socotrensium, quas elabo- 
ravit [I.] B. Balfour, Edinb. R. Boe. Proc. (1884), 76-98. 


Contributions to the Flora of North Patagonia and the adjoining 
Territory. By J. Ball, Journ. Linn. Soc., xxi., 203-240. 


On the structure of the Stem of AA eret ipia montanum, Fresen. 
y F. 0. Bower, Journ. Linn. Soc 0-446 


ote on the Gemmz of PREMO palustre, Schwaegr. By the 
same, l.c., 465-467. 


New Plants of 1883. [By N. E. Brown.] In the Gardeners’ Year 
Book and Almanack, 1884, by R. Hogg, pp. 81-112. 


n the Indian Species of Cyperus; with Remarks on some others 
that ce wid Leges the sub- divisions of the Genus. By C. B. Clarke, 
n, Soc., XX 


British Fresh-water ine exclusive of the Desmidiee and Diato- 
macee. By M. C. Cooke. (The first part was issued in 1882. 


e Strueture and Affinity of dene pocula, Schweinitz, By the 
Fry Journ. Linn, Soc., xx., 508-51 


A Forgotten Evolutionist me N. he oad! By W. T. Thiselton- 
Dyer, Nature, xxix., 215-216 


The so-called South Plant of Egyptian Art. By the same, l.c., xxxi- 
127. ‘ 


Apospory in Ferns. By the same, l.c., 157. 
Waras. By the same, Pharm. Journ., Ser. III., xiv., 917. 


57 


Further note on Waras. By the same, l.c., 969. 
The Collection of Gum Labdanum in Crete. By the same, l.c., 301- 
302. 


Introductory Sessional Address, . . . School of Pharmacy. 
y the same, l.c., xv., 261-265. 


The disputed identity of the Red Bark of the Nilgiris. .By the same, 
l.c., 481-482. 


Indian Pulse. [By W. B. Hemsley], Field, lxiv., 461. 


Sisyrinchium Bermudiana, By the same, Journ. Bot, xxii., 
8-1 10. 


Notes on the Flora of Parasnath, a Mountain of North-Western 
b . Clarke, “with an Introductory Note by J. D. 
Hooker, Journ. Linn. Soc., xxi., 


The Student's Flora . . . - Ed, III. By the same. 

Tropical African Mountain Flora. By thesame, Nature, xxx., 635. 
The Flora of British India. By the same. Part 11. 

Cocus Wood. By J. R. Jackson, Gard. Chron., N.S., xxi., 178. 
Paper-making materials. By the same, l.c., 700-702. 


Tropical Fruits. [Lecture at the Colonial and Indian Exhibition, - 
July 1886.] By D. Morris, Nature, xxxiv., 316-318. (Abstract i 
Gard. Chron., N.S., xxvi, 121-122.) 


The Illustrated Dictionary of Gardening, a practical and scientific 
Encyclopedia of Horticulture for Gardeners and Botanists, [A— Dipla- 
denia.] By G. Nicholson. 

A compendious work completed in four quarto volumes. 

The Kentucky Coffee Tree. By the same, Garden, xxiv., 29-30. 

The Ailanto, or Tree of Heaven. By the same, l.c., 63-64. 

The Yellow Wood (Cladrastis tinctoria). By the same, l.c., 96-97. 

The Sweet Gums. By the same, l.c., 166-167. 

The Sophoras. By the same, l.c., 211—212. 

The Hop Hornbeams. By the same, l.c., 231. 

Cladrastis amurensis. By the same, lc., 264-265. 

Escallonia sellowiana. By the same, l.c., 291. 

The Planer Tree. By the same, l.c., 370. 

The Zelkowas. By the same, l.c., 370-372. 

The Hornbeams. By the same, l.c., 418-420. 

Phillyrea vilmoriniana. By the same, l.c., 490. f 
.."Ehe-Magnolias. By-the. same, 1.64 608-518. ..— |. cosa E 
The Zenobias. By the same, l.c., 572-573. ess 


58 


The genus Cercis. By the same, l.c., 347—348 

A new shrub (Sarcococca hookeriana). By the same, l.c., 359. 

The Laburnums. By the same, l.c., 518—519. 

The British Oaks. By the same, Woods and Forests, i., 8-10. 
-The Turkey Oaks. By the same, l.c., 52-54. 


New or ean Evergreen Oak (Quercus acuta, Thunb.). By the 
same, l.c 


The alkanas. By the same, l.c., 176-177. 

The Deciduous Cypress, By the same, l.c., 217-218. 

Quercus dentata, Thunb. By the same, l.c., 235. 

The genus Corylopsis. By the same, l.c., 332. 

The London Plane. By the same, l.c., 346-347. 

The Oak of Lebanon (Quercus Libani). By the same, l.c., 628. 

A new fine-foliaged shrub (Prunus Pissardi). By the same, l.c., 675. 
The Catalpas. ‘By the same, Lc; ii, 51-52. 

Notes on Nymphzas. By W. Watson, Gard. Chron., N.S., xxi., 87-88. 


Gar Palms. [By the same], l.c., xxii., 426-427, 522-523, 595- 
596, 7 cm 748. 


On some e from Funeral Garlands found in an Egyptian Tomb, 
circa B.C. 1 By C. F. White, Journ. Linn. Soc., xxi., 251 


Botanical pite vol. cx. 
Icones FEM vol. xv., t. 1451-1475. 
Report . : . for . . . 1882.—App. II. "List of Palms cultivated 
in the Royal Gardens, Kew 
Extracts in Journ. Bot. xxii., 217-219. 
` Note.—Index to Reports, 1862-82, is in Kew Bulletin (1890), p. 3. 


Grevillea, vol, xii., March, June; xiii., Sept., Dec. 


1885. 
A Flora of the English Lake District. By J. G. Baker. 


Notes on the Cultivated Asters (concluded). By the same, Gard. 
Chron., N.S., xxiii; VI., 13 ; VII. mak VIII., 142; IX., 208-209; 
E 306-307 ; XI, 501-592 ; XII., 534—535 


On the Origin of the Garden TENE Bý the same, l.c., 757-758. 


A Classification of Garden Roses. By the same, l.c., Bo ua 199. 
(Reprinted in Journ, Bot., xxiii., 281—280.) 


A bea of the Species and Hybrids of Nerine. By the same, de 
779, 8 


On Senecio spathulatus, DC, By the same, Journ. Bot., xxiii., 8-9. 


59 


A Synopsis of the genus Selaginella (cont.). By the same, l.c., 19- 
25, 45-48, 116-122, 154—157, 176-180, 248-252, 292-302, 


Ferns collected in North Formosa by Mr. William Hancock. By the 
same, l.c., 102—107. 


_ A new Selaginella from New Guinea, By the same, Le, 122, 


, os mers from Brazil, collected by Dr. Glaziou. By the same, l.c., 
217-2 


A — of the Genus Gethyllis. By the same, l.c., 225-228. 


A i ee of the Cape Species of Kniphofia. By the same, l.c., 
275-2 

Further Contributions to the Flora of Central Madagascar. By the 
same, Journ. Linn. Soc., xxi., 317-353, 407—455. 


Contributions to the Flora of the Peruvian Andes, with Remarks 
on the ir, c qe of the Andean Flora. By J. LL Journ. 
Linn. Soe., xxii. 


On eee in Ferns m special reference to Mr. Charles T. 
Druery’s Observations) By F. 0. Bower, Journ. Linn. Soc, xxi, 
360-368. 


On the Development and Morphology of Phylloglossum Drum- 
mondi. By the same, Phil, Trans., clxxvi., 665-678. 


Aloe insignis x, N. E. Brown New Hybrid Aloe), By N, E. Brown, 
Gard. Chron SNB; xxiv., 40-4 


Terrestrial Orchids of South iu By the same, lc., 135-136, 
231-233, 307-308, 331-332, 402-404 


Mesembryanthemum edule. By the same, l.c., 266. 
Fertilization of Hoyas and other Asclepiads. By the same, ].c., 435. 
Three New Anthuriums. By the same, l.c., 650—651. 


New Plants of 1884. [By the "qu Jm e the Gardeners’ Year Book 
and Almanack, 1885, by R. Hogg. 


Zamia tonkinensis. By W, T. ee Gard. Chron, 
N.S., xxiii., 694. 


Report on = E of Mr. H. O. Forbes's Expedition. to Timor- 
Laut; with a of Doteriitdatiotis of the Plants collected, by Prof. 
Oliver. By thoi Miti Journ. Linn. Soc., xxi., 4. 


The Life-History of the Lycopodiacez. By the same, Nature, xxxi., 
317. 


Gardiner’s Researches on the Continuity of Vegetable Protoplasm. 

y the same, l.c., 337-338. 

The: Square Bamboo [ Bambusa quadrangularis, Fenzi]. By the 
me, Le, XXXil., 391-392. 


Note on i the: Cultivation of Batia - in Sicil E te’ same, T ; 


60 


Tea made from Vaccinium Arctostaphylos. By the same, Pharm. 
Journ., ‘Bes IIL, xv., 771-772. 


Notes on €— Drugs. I, viue Turpentine; II. Gum Lab- 
danum. By the same, l.c., xvi., 385-386 


Déere of the * Challenger " Expedition, vol. i. By W. B. Hemsley. 


Commenced in 1884. It deals with the floras of the Bermudas, St. Paul's Rocks, 
Fernando Noronha, Ascension, St. Helena, South Trinidad, Tristan da Cunha 


Eastern Moluccas and the Admiralty Islands. There is also a special chapter 
rift Seeds and Seed- Vessels, and an Introductory Becsy on Insular Floras 
generally. (W. B. H.); 


The Marianne North Gallery at Kew. By the same, Gard. Chron., 
-N.S., xxiv., 296. 


C NE Island, Lower California. By the same, l.c., 632-633. 
R n West Amer. Scientist, ii., 21-24. 


New Species of Primula from the mountains of Yunnan. By the 
same, l.c., 712, 713. 


The Giant Bromeliads of Chili. By the same, l.c., 747. 

New Chinese Plants. By the same, Journ. Bot., xxiii., 286-287. 
. The Forster Herbarium. By the same, Nature, xxxii., 501. 

'The Flora of British India. By J. D. Hooker. Part 12. 


Christmas Plants, By J. R. Jackson, Gard. Chron., N.S., xxiv., 
775-776. 


Supplementary Notes on Restiaceæ. By M. T. Masters, Journ. 
Linn. Soc., xxi., 574—594. 


The Illustrated Dictionary of Gardening [ Dipladenia—Oak Galls]. By 
G. Nicholson. 


The Catalpas. By the same, Garden, xxvi., 164-165. 

The White Birch and its Varieties. By the same, Lc., 291-292. 
The Rock Roses (Helianthemums). By the same, 1.c., 420-422. 
New Japanese Oak (Quercus serrata.) By the same, l.c., 351. 
The Turkey Oaks. By the same, l.c., 476-478. 

The Cistuses. By the same, l.c., 570-572. 

Prunus triloba. By the same, l.c., 346-347. 

Large fruited Hawthorns. By the same, l.c., 632—633. 

Yellow Roses. By the same, Gard. Chron., N.S., xxiv., 468. 


= List of Plants collected by Mr. Joseph Thomson, on the Mountains 
of Eastern Equatorial Africa, by D. Oliver, with observations on their 
distribution by Sir J. D. Hooker, Journ. Linn. Soc., xxi., 592—406. 


Supplementary E of Philippine plants. By.R. A. AS Journ. 
Bot., xxiii., 209-21 


` The Characez of “ "Engl Bousy" el It By He sim lea 369. 


01. 


On Hyalocalyz, a new Genus of Turneracex from Madagascar. By 
the same, Journ. Linn. Soc., xxi., 256-258. 


On the Flora of the Philippine Islands, and its probable Derivation. 
By the same, l.c., 283-316. 


History of Ee at Kew. By 3. Smith, Gard. Chron, N.S., 
xxiii, 143-144 


History ‘of the Introduction of Palms and of the Kew Collection. 
By the same, l.c., 533-534. 


Botanical Collectors. By the ore l.c., George Caley, xxiv., 260- 
264, David Lockhart, l.c., 237—238 


New Holland Plants at Kew. By the same, l.c., 282. 


Garden Palms (continued). By W. Watson, Gard. Chron., N.S., 
xxiii., 338, 410, 439; xxiv., 362, 394, 586-587, 748-750. 


Seed-raising. By the same f From Cassell’s meten Gardening), 
l.c., 282—283, 297-298, 328-329 


Solanum Maglia. By the same, l.c., 622-623. 

Enumeratio specierum varietatumque generis Dianthus ; characteres. 
communes sectionibus includens. Auct. F, N. Williams, Journ. Bot 
xxiii., 940—349. 

Botanical Magazine, vol. cxi. 

Icones Plantarum, vol. xv. t. 1476-1500. 

Guide to the Gardens, ed. * XXIX." [XXX. ]. 

Grevillea, vol. xiii., March, June; xiv., Sept., Dee. - 


1886. 


Kew and its work [a Lecture]. By J. G. Baker. Gard. Chron., 
N.S., xxv. 167-168, 206, 267, 368, 458—459. 


On the Narcissi of the Linnean Herbarium. By the same, l.c. 
89. 

A Synopsis of the European species of Primula, with their « distri 
bution. By the same, l.c., 5 3. 


On the relation of the British forms of Rubi to the Continental ty pes - 
By the same, Journ. Bot., xxiv. 4—7, 43-47, 71-77. 


A synopsis of the Rhizocarpee. By the same, l.c., 97-101, 274- 
283, 381—382. 


New Ferns collected by J. D. Thurston, Esq., in Fiji. By the same, 
].c., 182-183. : 


' A New Tree Fern from Central America [ Hemitelia Hartii]. By 
tia same, l.e., 243. 


A new Aechmea [ 4e. chiriquensis]. By the same, l.c. 
New Cape Liliacex. By the same, L.c., 335-336. —— 


62 


On a Collection of Ferns made in North Borneo by the Bishop of 
Singapore and Sarawak [Dr. Hose], By the same, Journ, Linn. Soc., 
xxii., 222-231 

E Brenir of the European Species of Primula, with their distri- 
bution. By the same, Journ. R. Hort. Soc., N.S., vii., 234-235. 
(See also an address on the genus, by the same, l.c., 209-213.) 


-Notes on the Botany of Western South America. By J. Ball, 
Journ. Linn. Soc., xxii., 137-168 

Contributions to South African Bonet Orchidee. Part II. By 
H. Bolus, with additional notes by N. E. Brown, Journ. Linn. Soc., 
xxii., 65-80. 

Mesembryanthemum jficiforme. By N. E. Brown, Gard. Chron., N.S., 
XXv., 373. 

New Plants of 1885. By the same. In the Gardeners’ Year Book 
and Almanack, 1886, by R. Hogg. p. 82-105. 

British Desmids. A pees to “ British Freshwater Algz.” 
By M. C. Cooke. Parts 1-6, pp. 1-96. 

Supplementary List of Perennial Asters. —By D. Dewar, Gard. 

ron., N.S., xxvi., 659, 686 

(Nomi by abor vr p. 659 — J. a. Baker.) T 

Synonymic List of the Species and Forms of the genus Primula. By 

the same, Journ. R. Hort. Soc., N.S., vii., 274-295. Reprinted a; as 
ynonymie List of all -— Species of Recognised Forms of the 
Genus Primula. By the 

Collection of Hairs after Earthquakes in China. By W, T. 
Thiselton-Dyer. Nature, xxxiv., 56-57. 

Peat-floods in the Falklands. By the same, l.c., 440. 

The Cereals of Prehistoric Times. By the same, l.c., 545. 

Additional Note on the Gum Labdanum of Cyprus. By the same, 
Pharm. Journ., Ser. III., xvi., 779. 

Note on the Oro Plant, By the same, l.c., 879. 

An Enumeration of all the Plants known from China proper, For- 
mosa, Hainan, Corea, the Luchu Archipelago, and the Island of Hong- 
kong together with their Diretto and Synonymy. By F. B. Forbes 

d W. B. H emsley, Journ. Linn. Soc., xxiii. (1886), 1-162. 
Often referred to as “ Index rs Sinensis." 

The Gallery of Marianne North's Paintings of Plants and their 
Homes, Fourth edition, much enlarged, containing an introduction and 
descriptions of 220 additional paintings. By W.B. Hemsley. - 

This edition deseribes the gallery as finished by Miss North after her last 
travels. s 


Concerning Figs. By the same, Gard. Chron. N.S., xxv., 265- 
66. 


The Silver Tree (Leucadendrum argenteum). By the same, l.c., 
361-362. : H 


63 
hg on some Chinese economie Plants. By the same, Lc., xxvi., 


ae rt on the M Ss ne of Diego Garcia. By the same, Journ, 
Linn. Soc., xxii., 33 


Vegetation of South Georgia. By the same, Nature, xxxiv., 106- 
107. 


Botany of the Afghan Delimitation Commission. By the same, lc., 
xxxv., 173-174. 
Primroses. By the same, l.c., 561—562. 


Botany. By J. Hooker. Admiralty vum of Scientific 
Enquiry, ed. V., DR B Ball, Art. iv., p. 418-4 

The Himalayan M UE (Tsuga ae By the 
same, Gard, Chron., N.S., xx 


On the Castilloa elastica ^ oeil and some allied Rubber- 
yielding Plants. By the same, Trans. Linn. Soc., Ser. II., ii., 209-215. 


The Flora of British India. By the same. Part 13. 


Cocoa-nut Mats and Matting. By J. R. Jackson, Gard. Chron., 
N.S., xxv., 589. 


ie i, 6 Products at the Colonial and Indian Exhibition. By the 
same, e. 


"om the Pepper of Peppers. By the same, l.c., xxvi., 532. 
Colonial and Indian Exhibition. By the same, L.c., 555. 


On the Structure and Functions of the subterranean parts of Lathrea 
Squamaria, L. By G. Massee, Journ. be. xxiv. 257-263. 


Contributions to the History of certain Species of Conifers... By 
. T. Masters, Journ. Linn. Soc., xxii., 169-212. 


The miei of Plants by Birds. By D. Morris, Nature, xxxv., 
151-152 
germ Federation in the West Indies. By the same, l.c., 248- 


The Illustrated Pierre Gardening [Oak Galls— Seaside Plants]. 
By G. Nicholson. 


- Fremontia californica. By the same, Garden, xxix., 8. 


Flowers and Insects. By R. A. Rolfe, Gard. Chron, N.S., xxv. 
297-998, 330-331, 371. 

Acorn Galls. By the same, l.c., xxvi., 104. 

A Revision of the Genus Phalenopsis. By the same, l.c., 168-170, 
212, 276-277. (Index at end.) 

Angolan Selaginex. By the same, Journ. Bot., xxiv., 174-175. - 


Garden Palms (continued). By W Foe Gard. Chee) N. S, 
xxv., 12-13, 75, 139-140; xxvi., 491, 65 


Cape Bulbs. By the same, lty xxv., Xue 


64 


Root-proliferation in Platycerium. By the same, l.c., 201. 
Sabal blackburniana at Kew. By the same, l.c., 626. 
Supplementum Enumerationi Dianthi. Auctore F. N. Williams, 
Journ. Bot., xxiv., 30 
List of Seeds of Hardy Herbaceous Annual and Perennial Plants 
grown in the Royal Gardens, Kew, 1885. 
-~ Botanical Magazine, vol. exii. 
Icones Plantarum, vol. xvi., t., 1501-1550 ; vol. xvii., t., 1601-1678. 
Guide to the Museum, No. 1, ed. II. ; ——- No. 3. Timbers. 
Grevillea, vol. xiv., March, June ; xv., Sept., Dec. 


1887. 


Handbook of the Fern Allies. By J. G. Baker. 
English descriptions of all the known species = the Equisetacez, Lycopo- 
diaceæ, Selagine llaceæ, and Rhizocarpeæ. The greater part of this PET at 
urnal of Botany during the S yen 1888 to 1886. (W.B 
J.J. Cooper's Costa Rica Ferns, By the same, Journ. met 
à th 24-96. 

A new rfi Le milrochanihin| from Jamaica. By the 
same, l.c 

vm of Tillandsiee. By the same, l.c., 52-55, 115-118, i71- 
177, 211-215, 234—246, 277-281, 303-306, 344—347. 

On a collection of Ferns made in West Central China by Dr. A. 
Henry. By the same, l.c., 170-171. 

Further contributions to thé Flora of Madagascar. By the same, 
oce Linn. Soc., xxii., 441-537. 

On a further escent of Ferns from West Borneo, made by the 
Bishop of Singapore and Sarawak [Dr. Hose]. By the same, l.c., 
xxiv., 256-261. 

Handbook to the British Flora. By G. Bentham. Ed. V. by J. D. 
Hooker. 

New Piants of 1886. [By N. E. Brown,] Journ. Hortie., Ser. III., 
xiv., p. 28, 47, 73, 93, 117, 157, 176, 198, 256, 277, 340, 426. 

Vaccinium intermedium, Ruthe, a new British Plant. By the same, 
Journ. Linn. Soc., xxiv., 125-128. 

Ipecacuanha cultivation in India. By W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, 
Nature, xxxv., 227. : 

Tabasheer. By the same, l.c., 396-397. 

A plant which destroys the taste of Sweetness. By the same, l.c., 
57. 


Flora of Christmas Island. By the same, l.c., xxxvi., 78. 


65 


Botany of San pna [with a Note from Baron Eggers]. By 
the same, 367-36 

Eleocharis, R.Br. Species in Europa vigentes recensuit C, B. 
Clarke, Journ. Bot., xxv., 267-271. 

British Desmids. A supplement to “ British Freshwater Alga,” 
with 66 coloured Plates. By M. C. Cooke (concluded). 


An Enumeration of all the plants known from China. By F. B. 
dad e W. B. Hemsley (continued), Journ. Linn. Soc., xxiii. 


The “ Botanical Magazine." By W. B. Hemsley, Gard. Chron., 
Ser. TIT., i, p. 345-346, 381, 450-451, 479, 514-515, 641-642, 671, 
767-768. ii, 11-12, 45-40, MS 246, 368-369, 433-434, 471-472, 
620-622 


Holiday J eee in the Isle of Man. By the same, l.c., ii, 462-463, 
491-492. 


Japanese varieties of Hepatica and of Adonis amurensis [with a 
ee ee notice of Nippon Shokubutsumeii.] By the same, T. s 
491 


Gai Trees (Eucalyptus). [By the same], Lc., 784—785. 

New and interesting plants from Perak. By the same, Journ. Bot., 
xxv., 203-206. 

On rel bein aei a new genus of Pontederiacer. By J. D. Hooker, 
Ann. Bot., i., 89-94 

The Flora of British India. By the same, Part 14. 

The Gentians; Notes and Queries. By T. H. Huxley, Journ. Linn. 
Soc., xxiv., 101-124. 

The New “Index of Plant-names." By B. D. Jackson, Journ. Bot., 
xxv., 66-71, 150-151. 

Remarks on the Nomenclature of the eighth edition of the “ London 
Catalogue." By the same, l.c., 152-156, 179-181, 229-233, 310-314, 
333-338 

Note on Nomenclature. By the same, l.c., 182-183. 


Tropical Fruits in the Kew Museum. By J. R. Jackson, Gard. 
Chron., Ser. III., i 445-447. 


Serky’s Tea. By the same, l.c., ii., 39. 

Siam Ginger. By the same, l.c., 370 

Patchouly. By the same, l.c., 616-617. 

On Ceuses influencing the Direction of Growth and the Origin of 
Multicellular Plants. By G. Massee, Journ. Bot., xxv., 257-267. 

Disease of Colocasia in Jamaica. By the same, with an Introductory 
Note by D. Morris. Journ. Linn. Soc., xxiv., 45-49. 

On the Differentiation of Tissues in Fungi. By the same, Journ. 
R. Mier. Soc. (1887), 205-208, 359. 

u 94256. : E 


66 


A Monograph of the Genus Lycoperdon (Tournef.); Fr. By the 
same, l.c., 701-727. 


On Gasterolichenes, a new type of the Group Lichenes.. By the 
same, Phil. Trans., clxxviii. B., 305-309 


- On the Use of Certain Plants as Aesighrmios or Snake-bite Anti- 
dotes. By D. Morris, Ann. Bot., i., 153-161 


Dm oe Dictionary of Gardening [ Seaside- -Zygopetalum ]. T 
G. Nichols 


Lessons in Fac sem Botany. By D. Oliver. New Ea. SAPE S 


List of Plants collected in the Islands of Bougainville Straits, ‘Solomon 
Group, during 1884, by H. B. Guppy. In “ The Solomon Islands and 
their Natives,” pp. 294-307 , [determinations chiefly by the same]. 


The Botany of the Roraima Expedition of 1884; being Notes on the 
Plants observed by Everard F. im Thurn, with a List of the Species 
collected, and Determinations of ions that are new. By the same and 

others. "Trans. Linn. Soc., Ser. II., ii., 249-300. 


eons of the Plants collected by Mr. H. H. Johnston on the 
Kilimanjaro Expedition, 1884. By the same, and the Officers of the 
Kew mm; ce ray Trans. Linn. Soc., Ser. IL, ii, 327-355. 


On the Obliteration of the Sieve-tubes in Laminaris. By F. W, 
Oliver, Ann. Bot., i., 95-117. 


quete pulchellum. By R. A. Rolfe, Gard. Chron., Ser. II., 


ii, 15 


On Bigenerie Orchid Hybrids.: By the same, Journ. Linn. Soc., 
xxiv., 156-170. 


A Sensitive comete [ M. t [By W. Watson] Gard. 
Cha ron. Ser., III., i., p. 836. 


Garden Palms CoA By the same, l.c, ii., 156-157, 304-305. 
Kew Notes. By the same, l.c., 197, 215-216, 366. 


A month at the Cape. By the same, l.c., 271-272, 331-332, 429- 
430, 519-520. 


List of Seeds of Hardy Herbaceous, Annual, and Perenniai Plants . . 
1886. 


Botanical Magazine, vol. cxiii. 


leo ouam, vol. Xvi., t. 1551-1600 ; xvii., t. 1676-1700 ; xviii. 


Grevillea, vol. xv., March June; xvi, Sept., Dec. 
Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Nos. 1-12. 


‘The Botany of the Afghan Delimitation Coa ieoi. By J. E. T. 
[assisted by W.B H emsley]. Trans. Linn: Soe., Ser. II., 


ii., 1-129. 


67 


Handbook of the Voxan inéluding the Alstroeémeriew and 
Agave. By J. G. Baker È 


A Synopsis of Tillandsieæ (continued). By the same, Journ, Bot., 
xxvi., 12-17, 39-50. 79-82, 104-111, 187-144, 167-172. 


The late Dr. Boswell. By the same, l.c., 82-84. 
The late John Smith, A.L.S. By the same, l.c., 102-103. 
On two recent collections of Ferns from Western China. By the same, 
Le., 225-231. 
On a third collection of Ferns made in West Borneo by the Bishop 
of Singapore and Sarawak [Dr. Hose]... By the same, J.c., 328-326. 
On a new Acrostichum [A. Hartii] from Trinidad. By the same, 
le., 371 
Botany of Socotra, By I. B. Balfour, Trans. R. Soc, Edinb., 
xxi. 
Preceded by publ ^ of the charactere of new plants in Trans. Bot. Soe., 
Edinb., noted abov: 
Veronica — and its Allies. By N. E. Brown, Gard. 
Chron., Ser. III., iii, 20-21. 
Root Pressure. By C. B. Clarke, Journ. Bot., xxvi., 201-204. 


On Panicum supervacuum, sp. nova. By the same, Journ. Linn. 
Soc., xxiv., 407—408. 


Supplementary Note on the Ferns of Northern India. By C. B. Clarke 
and J. G. Baker, Journ. Linn. Soc., xxiv., 408—418. 

Opening Address, Section D., British Association. By W. T. 
Thiselton-Dyer, Nature, xxxviii., 473-480. 


Plant Life [Extracted from above], Gard. Chron., Ser. TIL, iv. 
321—323, 351. 


Ferments and Fermentation [also from foregoing], Pharm. Journ., 
Ser. III., xix., 509-512. 

Chiswick. By the same, Gard. Chron., Ser. III., iv., 536-538. 

Flora of the Bahamas o Letter from Baron Addis diy the- 
same, Nature, xxxvii. +» 565-566 


Flora of the Antaretic Tbn [with Letter from H. B. Guppy]. By 
the same, Nature, xxxviii., 40. 


Mr. Romanes's Paradox. By the same, l.c., xxxix., 7-8. 

Mr. Romanes on the Origin of Species. By the same, lc., 126-127.. 

Eulogium on George Bentham, F.R.S. By the same, Proc. Linn. 
Soe. (1887-88), 71-79. 

Report. of. the Committee, consisting of Mr. pag aera Cea 
tary), Professor Newton, Professor Flower, vb he (arret hers, Mr. 

ater, appointed for its Biter se of = Mi. ss t e "TG 
and Botany of the West. dps Brit. Assoc. (1888), 
437-438. 


Po 


Appendix [to above]. Botanical ... Bibliography of the Lesser Antilles, 
Caribbee Islands, or Windward and gaem pk: West Indies 
(Tobago and Porto Rico inclus ive). Bota y W. B. Hemsley ; 
Zoology, by D. Sharp. Rep. Brit. Assoc. (1888), 136-464. 

An Enumeration of all the Plants known from China (continued), 
By F. B. Forbes and W. B. Hemsley, Journ. Linn. Soc., xxiii., 329—521. 

Biologia Centrali-Americana; or Contributions to the Knowledge of 
the Fauna and Flora of Mexico and Central Am merica, edited 
F. D. Godman and O. Salvin. Botany by W. B. Hemsley. 

pr "T part was dace ge in Oetober 1888, nine years after the appearance of 


nsists of four r quarto volumes of ietterpress and one of plates, 
and the In trodaction and Appendix are spentally devoted to geographical 
botany. BHL 


The Relations of Ants and Plants. By the same, Field, Ixxii., 624. 
The Botanical Results of the Afghan Expedition. By the same, l.c., 
801. 


The Vegetation of Madagascar. By the same, l.c., 875. 
The Orchidez of the Cape Peninsula. - By the same, l.c., 911. 


Dissemination of Plants by Birds. By the same, Nature, xxxviii., 
53. 


` Flora of the Kermadec Islands. By the same, 1.c., 622. 
"The new Vegetation of Krakatao. By the same, l.c., 344-345. 


The Royal Horticultural Society. By J. D. Hooker, Gard. Chron., 
Ser. III, iii., 


Me tet Kan Robert Brown. By the same, Proc. Linn. Soc. 
(1887-88), 6 
The Flora E nod India. By the same, Part 15. 


Pine Wool Carpets. By J. R. Jackson, Gard. Chron., Ser. IIL, iii, 
171. 

The Procarpium and Fruit in Gracilaria confervoides, Grev. By 
T. Johnson, Ann, Bot., i., 219—222 


A Monograph of the Genus Calostoma, Desv. (Mitremyces, Nees). 
By G. Massee, Ann. Bot., i., 25-45. 


Pie the presence of Sexual Organs in Aecidium. By the same, l.c., 
i: e of the Genus Bovista (Dill.), Fr. By the same, Journ. 
Bot., xxvi., 129-137. 


he Type of a new Taa of Fungi. By the same, Journ. R. Micr. 
oa (1888). 173-176, 335 


'The Dispersion of Seeds and Plants. By D. Morris, Nature, xxxvii., 
466-467. 

On a new Selaginella (S. epos from New Guinea, By 
F. von ‘Mueller and J. G. Baker, Journ. Bot., xxvi., 26. 

The Illustrated Dictionary of Gardening [Supplement]. By G. 

icholson. 


69 


Hardy Azaleas.. By the same, Garden, xxxiv., 416-417. 

The Kew Arboretum. By the same, Garden and Forest, I., i. 40- 
41; II. 53-54 ; III. 101-102; IV. 136-137. 

Spec cimen Trees in Kew Gardens. By the same, Gard. Chron., Ser. 
III., iv., 504, 602, 724, 764 


On the Structure, Dev lopment and Affinities of Trapella, Oliver, 
a new genus of Pedalinez. By F. W. Oliver, Ann. Bot., ii, 75-114; 
cf. iii. 134. 

On the ree labellum of Masdevallia muscosa, Reichb. f. By the 
same, Ann. Bot., i., 236-253 

Cytisus P and its Allies. By R. A. Rolfe, Gard. Chron., 
Ser. III, iii. 523. 

On the Scars occurring on the — of Dammara robusta, C. Moore. 
By S. G. Shattock. with a supplementary note by W. T. 
Thiselton- Dyer, Journ. Linn. fios xxiv., 441-450. 

Plants flowering at Kew. By W. Watson, Gard. Chron., Ser. IIT., 
iv., 631, 661, 728. 


Mosses of Madagascar. By C. H. Wright, Journ. Bot., xxvi., 263- 
268. 


Botanical Magazine, vol. exiv. 

Icones Plantarum, vol. xviii. t. 1726-1800. 
Grevillea, vol. xvi., March, June ; xvii., Sept., Dec. 
Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information. Nos. 13-24. 


1889. 


The Source of Badsha or Royal Salep. By J. E. T. Aitchison, 
Ann. Bot., iii., 149-156. 
Handbook of the Bromeliacew. By J. G. Baker. 

Descriptions in English of about 800 species referred to 31 genera, with 
references to figures. A — part of this had previously appeared in 
the * Journal of Botany." (W. B.H.) 

Enumeration d _the species of Kniphofia. By the same, Gard. : 
Chron., Ser. III, vi., 588. 

New T po m from Cape Colony. By the same, 
Journ. Bot., xxvii., 1—4, 42-45. 

New Ferns from Western China. By the same, l.c., 176-178. 

On a new species of Polypodium [.P. Fawcettii], from Jamaica. 
By the mé 1 C., 270. 

Further Contributions to the Flora of Madagascar. By the same, 
Journ. Linn. Soc., xxv., 294—350. i 

Notes on Saxifrages. By the same, Journ. R, Hort. Soc, N. S, = 
27-36. 


70 


The Botany of Roses, By the same, l.c., 205-209. 
Catasétwun. By N.-E, Brown, Gard. Chron, Ser. IIL, vi., 559- 
60. 


On the Plants of Kohima and Muneypore. By C. B. Clarke, Journ. 
Linn. Soc., xxv., 1-1 


A new mod of SUMA By M. C. Cooke, and G. Massee, 
Ann. Bot., iii., 33-40. 


John Ball, F.R.S. By w. T. Thiselton-Dyer, Journ. Bot, xxvii, 
365-370, 


An Enumeration of all the plants known from China, &c. By 
F. B. xU and W: B. Hemsley, (continued). Journ. Linn. Soc., 
xxvi., 0. 


Rece nt Botanical Discoveries in China. By W. B. Hemsley, Garden 
and Seis i.,I. 122-124 ; II. 230-231; III. 266-267 ; LV. 27b ;. W- 
3 


he Chinese and Japanese species of Buddleia. By the same, Gard. 
Vims Ser. III., v. 595-596. 


The History of the Chrysanthemum. By the same, te, 521-523, 
555-557, 585-586, 652—654. 


The Chinese Tulip Tree. By the same, l.c., 718. 

Pachytheca. By J. D. Hooker, Ann. Bot., iii., 135-140. — 

Chinese White Wax. By J. R. Jackson, Gard, Chron., Ser, II., 
v., 44. 


A ct of the British Gastromycetes. By G. Massee, Ann, 
Bot., iv., 1-103. 


À Monograph of the prepares: Part I. By the same, Journ. 
Linn. Soc., xxv., 107-155 


Mycological Notes, By the same, Journ. Mycol., U.S. Dept. 
Agric., Pathol., vol. i., 184-187. h 


A Revision of the Trichiaces. By the same, Journ. R. Micr. Soc, 
(1889), 325-359. 


Agave Candelabrum. By D. Morris, Gard. Chron, Ser. III, 
v. 76. 


A Jamaica Drift Fruit, By the same, Nature, xxxix., 322-323, 


Report rei of A Committee Zool. and Bot., West Indies. D. 
— Secre p. Brit. Assoc. (1889). Cf. ‘Nature, xl, 553- 


The Barberries. By G. Nicholson, Garden, xxxv., 264-265. 
The Gordonias. By the same, l.c., xxxvi., 409. 


History of the White Lilae Industry. By the same, Garden and 
Forest, ii., 88. 
The Kew Arboretum (continued). By the same, l.c., V., 207-208;- 


re 


Holiday Notes in Southern France and Northern Italy. By the 
same, l.c., 494—495; II. 508-510; III. 518-519; IV. 932; V. 555; 
Vi. 567-568 ; VII. 818-579; VIII. 603-604. 


Specimen Trees in Kew Gardens. By the same, Gard. Chron., 
Ser. III., v. 44, 264. 


Phalenopsis amabilis. By R.A. Rolfe, Gard. Chiron, Ser. III., 
v., 88. 


List of Garden Orchids. By the same, l.c., Broughtonia-Cattleya, 
491; Cattleya, 555, 619-620, 648- 649, 718, 744-746, 801-802 ; 
vi., 78-79 ; Brassia, 155-156; Cattleyopsis- Leptotes, 323 ; Brassa- 
vola, 35 4-355. 


i ae i pentadactylon, Lindl. [Dimorphic Flowers]. By the same, 
l.c., vi. -189. 


A Mo — and Systematic Review of the Apostasiee. By the 
same, Journ. Linn. Soc., xxv., 211-243. 


* Lindenia," v. From t, 207 most of the descriptions. By the same, 


Caetus eulture for amateurs; being descriptions of the various 
Cactuses grown in this country, with full and practical instructions for 
their successful cultivation. By W.. Watson. 


— came out in the “Bazaar” for 1885, and following years; now 
sed and issued as a book. 


WAR: pus in flower at Kew. By the game, Garden and Forest, 
- 476, 488—489. 


Plants in a flower at Kew. By the same, Gard. Chron., Ser. IIL, v., 
459, 563. : : 


The Pinks of the Transvaal, By F. N. Williams, Journ. Bot., 
xxvii., 199-200. 


Revision of the specific forms of the genus Gypsophila. By the 
same, l.c., 321-329. 


Botanical Magazine, vol. cxv. 
Icones Plantarum, vol. xix. (t. 1301-1900). 
Grevillea, vol, xvii., March, June; xviii., Sept., Dec. 


' Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Nos. 25-36. 


1890. 


Fern Nomenclature and the Fern Conference. By J. G. Baker, 
Gard. Chron., Ser. III., viii., 187. 
Papaver pilosum and Heldreichii. By the same, l.c., 211, 


Vascular Cryptogamia of New Guinea — by Sir W. Macgregor. 
By the same, Journ. Bot., xxviii., 103-1 


Tonquin Ferns. By the same, l.c., 262-268. 
New Guatemalan Bromeliacex. By the same, I.c., 305-306. 


72 


“Sic Barklyane. By N. E. Brown, Hock. Ic. Plant, xx., t. 
1901-1 
On a Sos of Plants from Upper Burma and the Shan 
By H. Collett and W. B. Hemsley, Journ. Linn. Soc., xxviii, 1-150. 
Hardy water and bog-loving plants. By D. D[ewar], Gard. Chron., 
Ser. III, viii., 621. 
'The genus "Xysmalobium. By G. F. S. Elliot, Journ. Bot., xxviii. 
62-365. 


An Enumeration of all the Plants known from China, &c. By F. B. 

Forbes and W. B. Hemsley (continued), Journ. Linn. Soc., xxvi., 
121-316 

Plants of the Keeling or Cocos Islands. By W, B. Hemsley, Field, 
Ixxv., 275. . 

The Weather Plant. By the same, l.c., 247—248. 7 

The Flora of the Kurile Islands. By the same, l.c., 708. 

Vegetation of the Highlands of British New Guinea. By the same, 
l.e., lxxv., 432 

A Survivor of the old Atlantic Insular Flora. By the same, l.c., 472. 
y A Tree — By the same, Gard. Chron, Ser. IIL, vii., 

5-76. 

John Miller and his Work. By the same, l.c., 255-256. 

Humea elegans. By the same, l.c., 330. 

The Genus Asarum. By the same, l.c., p. 420—422. 

On an obscure Species of Triumfetta [T. subpalmata]. By the 
same, Journ. Bot. xxviii., 1-2. 

In Memory of Marianne North. By the same, l.c., 329-334 

Report on the Botanical Collections from Christmas Island, Indian 

office 


Ocean, made by Captain J. P. Maclear, Mr. J. J. Lister, and 
of H.M.S. “ Egeria.” By the same, Journ. Linn. Soc. s ŠV TA 


The Wild Progenitors of the "isse es By the same, 
Journ. Hort. Soc., N.S., xii., 111-114. 

The Origin and Composition of the Flora of the Keeling Islands. By 
the same, Nature, xli., 492-493, 

Recent Additions to the Literature of Insular che dk d e. 
the Kuriles, the Bahamas, Fernando Noronha). he same, le 
xlii., 322- 324. 

The Flora of British India. By J. D. Hooker, Parts 16, 17. 

Commercial Botany of the Nineteenth Century. By J. R. Jackson. 

pr om published in Cassell’s * Popular Educator.” A history of the intro- 
duction and sources of vegetable products. (W. B. H.) 

Tea and Coffee Substitutes. By the same, Gard. Chron., Ser. IIL, 
viii., 758-759 

A ae of the Genus Podazis, Desv. (= Podaxon, Fr.). By @.. 
Massee, Journ. Bet., xxviii., 33-39, 69-77. 


73. 
A Monograph = the Thelephoree. Part. II. By the same, Journ. 
Linn. Soc., xxvii., 95-205. 
Review of some points in the Comparative Morphology, Anatomy, 
and Life-History -of the Conifere. By M. T. Masters, Journ. Linn. 
Soc., xxvii., 226—332. 


On the Characteristics of Plants included under ne Een ylon Coca, 
Lam, By D. Morris, Journ. Linn. Soc., xxv., 381 


the Production of Seed in certain varieties of the common Sugar- 
Cane id egisti Officinarum, L.) By the same, l.c., xxviii, 197- 


Holiday Notes X etek By G. Nicholson. Garden and eder 
ii, IX., 3-4 ; 15-16 ; XI., 99; XII, 111; XII., 150-15 


On Sarcodes sanguinea, Torr. By F. W. Oliver, Ann. Bot, iv., 
303—326. 


List of Garden Orchids (continued). By R. A. Rolfe, Gard. Chron., 
or IIL, vii., Laelia, 107, 256-257, 333-334, 355; viii., 241—242, 652- 

te genus] Phulenopsis in the Philippines. By the same, l.c., 
vii., p. 516. 

The genus organ tage Pfitzer. By the same, Journ. Bot., 
xxviii., 135—137 

On the sexual forms of Catasetum, with special reference to tlie 
researches of Darwin and others. By the same, l.c., xxvii., 
. Descriptions of Orchids in Lindenia, vi. By the same, 


Orchids: their Culture and Management, with Descriptions of all the 
kinds in general cultivation. By W. Watson (assisted by W. Bean). 


Phoenix Reebelenii. By the same, l.c., 272. 
The Coco-de-Mer. [By the same], l.c., 514. 
Fragrance in Ferns. By the same, l.c., 225-226. 


Synopsis of the Genus Tunica. By F. N. Williams, Journ. Bot., 
xxviii., 193-199. 


aus Plants deseribed by Arduino (1759-1769). By the same, l.c., 293-- 
The Carnation from a Botanical Point of View. By the same, 
Journ. R. Hort. Soc., N.S., xii., 464—470. 
Botanical Magazine, vol. exvi. 
Icones Plantarum, vol. xx., t. 1901-1950 ; xxi., t. 2001-2050. 
Grevillea, vol. xviii, March, June; xix., Sept., Dec. 


Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Nos. 37-48, App. I-III. 


1891. 


On the Vaseular Cryptogamia of the Island of St. Vincent. ByJ.G. 
Baker, Ann. Bot., v., 163-172. 


74 


A Summar T of the new Ferns which have been discovered or described 
since 1874. By the same, l.c., 181-222, 301-332, 455-500. 


Also reprinted in separate form. 


Ferns of North-West Madagascar. By the same, Journ. Bot., xxix., 
-6. 


On the Rubi of Capel Curig. By the same, l.c., 47-48. 


A new Strongylodon [S. Cravenie] from Madagascar, By the 
same, l.c., 74-75. 


New Ferns from West Borneo. By the same, l.c., 107-108. 


Further Contributions to the Flora of Paraguay. By J. Ball, Journ. 
Linn. Soc., xxvii., 471-500, 


Epilobium Duriei J. Gay, a new (?) English plant. By C. B. — 
Journ. Bot., xxix., 225-228. 


Tobacco Disease. By M. C. C[ooke], Gard. Chron., Ser. DI., ix., 173. 


Effect of Past Winter on Shrubs at Kew. By W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, 
Gard. Chron., Ser. III, ix., 458. 


The Geology of Round Island. By the same, Nature, xliii., 253. 


'The Multiple Origin. of Races [with an unpublished Letter of Darwin 
to Bentham]. By the same, l.c., 535-536. 


. The Alpine Fiora. By the same, l.c., 581. 
Botany of the Emin Relief Expedition. By the same, l.e., xlv., 8-9. 


Note on Dr. Fenton Evans's Paper on the Pathogenic Fungus of 
Malaria. By the same, Proc. R. Soc., xlix., 539-540, 


"Novitates Capenses. By G. F. S. Elliot, Journ. Bot., xxxix., 68-74. 


New and little-known Madagascar eei collected and emunerated. 
By the same, Journ. Linn. Soc., xxix., 


An Enumeration of ail the Plants known fom China, &c. By F. B. 
Forbes and W. B. Hemsley (continued), Journ. Linn, Soc., xxvi., 317— 
396. 


New Solomon Islands Plants. By W. B. Hemsley, Ann. Bot., v., 
501-508. 


Recent Botanical Discoveries in China and Eastern Burma. By the 
same, Garden and Forest, iv., L.,,74—75 ; IL, 88; III., 98-99; IV. 
123-124; Ya 135; VL, 219 ; VIL, 267. 


Aristolochia Gigas. By the same, l.c., x., (1891), 552. 


The Flora of the Revillagigedo — due: = same, TeS xliii., 
471. 


Vegetation of Lord Howe Island. By the same, l.c., 565-566. 


Tea and its Substitutes. By J. R. Jackson, Gard. Chron., Ser. HI., 
ix., 10, 137-138, 345, 407, 567-568, 768; x., 72 


Bass or Piassava. By the same, l.c., ix., 335. E 


15 


A. Sketch of the Vegetation of British Baluchistan, with Description 
of New Species. By J. W. Lace and W, B. Hemsley, Journ. Linn. 
Soc., xxvii., 288-327. 


Notes on Mycetozoa. By A. Lister, Journ. Bot., xxix., 257-268. 
New Fungi from Madagascar. By G. Massee, Journ. Bot, xxix., 
1-2. 


Life-history of a AE Freshwater Alga. By the same, Journ. 
Linn. Soc., xxvii, 457-4 


Mycological Notes, II. ES the same, Journ, Mycol. (U. S. Dept. 
Agric., Pathol., vi.), 178-18 


Report of a Botanical Mission to the West Indies. . by D. Morri 
Nature, xliv., 110-111 [cf. Bull. Misc. Information, 1891, nn. 53-54, 
p. 109- -162.] 

Evergreen Oaks, By G. Nicholson, Garden, xl., 95-96. 


List of Garden Orchids (continued). By R. A. Rolfe, Gard. Chron., 
Ser. III., ix, Laelia (continued), (614-615, 651; Sophronitis, 
668-670. Maes 


Cattleya labiata, Lindl. By the same, l.c., x., 366-368, 
Descriptions of Orchids in Lindenia, vii. By the same. 
Descriptions also in Reichenbachia, i, p. 19 to end. By the same. 


Encephalartos Frederici Guilielmi, By W. Watson, Garden and 
Forest, iv., 208 -209. 


Iris robinsoniana, By the same, l.c., 352. 
. Protea nana. By the same, Le., 412. 
Dendrobium Phalenopsis. By the same, l.c., 520-522. 
Palms for the Greenhouse. By the same, Gard. Chron., Ser. LIL, 
ix., 172, 
Garden Palms. By the same, l.c., 234-235, 298, 671-672. 
The Pinks of Central Europe. By F, N, Williams. 


ary rmi in the Species of Rheum. By the same, Journ. 
Boi xxix., 292-2 ane i 


Two new aedem By C, H. Wright, Journ. Bot., xxix., 106- 
107. 


Botanical Magazine, vol. exvii. 

Icones Plantarum, vol. xx., t., 1952-2000 ; xxi., t. 2051-2100. 

Grevillea, vol. xix., March, June ; xx., Sept., Dec. 

Bulletin of Miscellaneoys Information. Nos, 49-60.. App. L-IV. 
1892. 


On the Vascular Cryptogamia of the Island of Grenada, pi J.G. 
Baker, Ann. Bot., vi., 95-102. 


76 


The new Lilies of China and Tibet. By the same, Gard. Chron., 
Ser. HE, xii 613. 


Caralluma campanulata, N. E. Br. (Boucerosia campanulata, 
Wight) [with a Revision of the Genus]. By N, E. Brown, Gard. 
Chron., Ser. II., xii., 369-370. ' 


On Epilobium Durici, J.Gay. By C, B. Clarke, Journ. Bot., xxx., 
78-81. 


On Holoschenus, Link. By the same, l.c., 321-323. 


On Biologic Regions and Tabulation Areas. By the same, Phil. 
Trans., clxxxiii. B., 371-387. 


Christmas Roses, By D. Dewar, Garden and Forest, v. 42-43. 
_Electro-culture. By W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, Gard. Chron., Ser. ILI., 


EI . 


Management of Trees, a Lecture. By the same, l.c., 817-818. 


Botanical Nomenclature [with Letter by S. Watson]. By the same, 
Nature, xlvii., 53-54 


Researches on the denm of tbe Pollen Grain, and the Nutrition 
of the Pollen Tubes. By J, R. Green, Phil Trans., clxxxv. 
385—409. 


Chelonespermum and Cassidispermum, proposed New Genera of 
Sapotacee. By W. B, Hemsley, Ann. Bot., vi., 203-210 
A Drift-seed (Ipomea tuberosa, L.). By the same, të; 369-372. 


Death from Mushrooms. [By the same], Brit. Med. Journ., 1892, 
Te, e 913. 
e Australian e kas Livistona. By the same, Gard. Chron., 
sees T xi. (1892), p 
The ^ ouem of Kew Gardens. By the same, l.c., 297-298, 393-394, 
458-4 


aes on à Botanical renee made by Mr. A. E. Pratt in 
Western China, with Descriptions of some new Chinese plants from 
various collections. By the same, Jour Linn. Soc., xxix., 298—322. 


Year Book of Science, 1891.—Systematic and Topographical n: 
By the same, pp. 402-416. 


The Flora of British India. By J. D. Hooker, Part 18. 
Eucalyptus Oil. By J. R. Jackson, Gard. Chron., Ser. III., xi, 
203. à 


The cultivation of Rice in China. By the same, l.c., xii., 273. 

A Monograph of the Myxogastres. By G. Massee. 

Heterosporum asperatum (Berk.) Massee, a Parasitic Fungus. By 
the same, Journ. R. Mier. Soc. (1892), 577-584. 

A new Marine Lichen. By the same, Journ. Bot., xxx., 193-194. 

List of Conifers and Taxads in cultivation in the open air in Great 
Britain and. E nd. By M. T. Masters, Journ. R. Hort. Soc., NS, 
xiv., 179-25 


77 
the Phenomena concerned in the production of Forked and 
Branched Palms. By D. Morris, Journ. Linn. Soc., xxix., 281-298. 


Lichenes manipurenses, a cl. Dre. G. Watt cirea Manipur, ad limites 
orientalis Indie Orientalis 1881-82 "os aaa Dr. J. Mueller [Ar- 
goviensi], Journ. Linn. Soc., xxix., 217-2 


Lichenes Epiphylli Spruceani, a cl. Spruce in regione eus Negro 
lecti, additio ilis a cl. Trail in regione superiore Ama lectis 
ex hbb. Kewensi recenter missi, quos exponit Dr. J. Mueller [Argoviensisf, 
l.c., 322-333. 


The Oleasters. By G. Nicholson, Garden, xli., 352—353. 
The Skimmias. By the same, l.c., xlii., 133. 

"The Broom and its allies. By the same, l.c., 188-190. 
The Juneberries. By the same, l.c., 540—541. 


Conifers as Specimen Trees and for Landscape Gardening. By the . 
same, Journ. R. Hort. Soc., N.S., xiv., 34-40. 


On Habenari-Orchis viridi-maculata, Rolfe, hyb. nat. By R. A. 
Rolfe, Ann. Bot., vi., 325-327. 


The genus Galeandra. By the same, Gard. Chron., Ser. III., xii., 
431. 


List of Garden Orchids. By the same, l.c,, Eulophia, 582-583. 
Descriptions of Orchids. By the same, in Lindenia, viii. 
On the Sonerileæ of Asia. By 0. Stapf, Ann. Bot., vi., 291-323. 


A Revision of Colenso's Hepatice, with Descriptions of new Species 
collected by him. By F. Stephani, Journ. Linn. Soc, xxix., 263- 
280. 


Bomareas. By W. Watson, Garden and Forest, II., 78-79. 
Jacobinia magnifica. [By the same], l.c., 317-318. 
Richardias. By the same, Gard. Chron., Ser. IIL, xii., 123-124. 


Rhododendrons. By the same, l.c., 667-668, 696-698, 741--742, 761— 
762, 789-790 


We NERS filifera. By the same, l.c., 677. 

Musci Novi. By C. H. Wright, Journ. Bot., xxx., 263-264. 
Botanical Magazine, vol, cxviii. 

Icones Plantarum, vol. xxii., t., 2101-2125; xxiii., t., 2201-2250. 
Grevillea, vol. xx., March, June ; xxi., Sept., Dec. 

Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Nos. 61-72; App. I—III. 


1893. 


A Synopsis of the Genera and Species of Musex. By J. G. Baker, 
Ann. Bot., vii., 189-222. 


78 


A Synopsis of the Species of Cannas. By the same, Gard. Ohron., 
Ser. ILL, xiii., 42-43, 70, 164, 196. 


Opening Address Ew pren mem Conference]. By the same, Journ. 
R. Hort. Soc, N:S; 


Collectors’ Numbers. pn C. B. Clarke, Journ, Bot., xxxi., 135-138. 


Poisonous Fungus [Agaricus (8 p chad Fr.}. By M. C. 
C[ooke], Gard. Chron., Ser. III., 


Perennial Sunflowers. By D. Bemat,’ ourn. R. Hort. Soċ., N.S., xv., 
26-38. 


Report on ae mostly known as Michaelmas Daisies. By the 
same, l.c., 238- 


Yearbook of vam 1892. Botany, by W. B. Hemsley. pp. 449- 
467. 


The Flora of British Indis. By J. D. Hooker, Part 19, 


Index Kewensis : plantarum phaneroganmrum-nomina et e rum 
omnium generum et specierum a Linnaeo usque ad annum 1885 com- 
tens; nomine recepto, auctore, patria unicuique plante ibet i : 
Sumptibus beati C. R. win, ductu et consilio J. Ho 
confecit B. D. Jackson. Fasc. 1 & 2 (Tomus i.). 


On Trichospheria Sacchari, Massee; a Fungus eausing a Disease 
of the Sugar-cane. By G. Massee, Ann. Bot., vii., 515-532. 


On Clerodendron trichotomum. By G. Nicholson, Garden, xliii., 
504-505 

The doniis. By the same, l.c., 212-213. 

The Stuartias. By the same, l.c., 172-173. 

The Cornels or Dogwoods. By the same, l.c., 152-154. 


Lilies at Kew. By the same, Garden and Forest, vi., 413-415. 
Repr. in Gard. Chron., Ser. IIT., xiv., 616-618 


List of Garden veges By R. A, iu e Gard, Chron., Ser. In. 


xiii. ; Lissochilus, 68 : 

Orchids described in Paak ix. By the same. 

The History of Orchid Hybridization. [By the same], Orch. Rev 
i., 3-6, 35-40, 67-71, — 131-134, 195-197, 227-229, 259-263, 
291-295, 323-328, 356-360. 

Hybrid ent ha oenm. By the same, l.c., 142-144, 170-174, 201— 
206, 275-278, 331-334 

Eulophiella Elisabethe. By the same, l.c., 207-208. 

Brassia bidens. By the same, l.c., 208. 

Lelio-Cattleya x elegans, and L. x schilleriana. By the same, 
l.c., 235-238. 

Stanhopea inodora and S. graveolens. By the same, Lc., 258. 

Satyrium Guthrie, By the same, l.e., 269-270. 


Galeandra nivalis. By the same, i.c., 274. 


79 


Hybrid Oncidium” ^-By the same, 1.c., 298-302, ^ = © 


On the Secondary Tissues in certain Monocotyledons. By D. H. 
Scott and G. Brebner, Ann. Bot., vii., 21-62. 


On the Pitchers of Dischidia — (Wall). By D. H. Scott 
and E. Sargant, Ann. Bot., vii., 244-26 


Nymphea gigantea, By W. Watson, Garden and Forest, vi. 
40-41. eS a. 


Bromelia fastuosa. By the same, l.c., 224-225. 
Notes from Cornwall, By the same y L.C., 444-445. 


The cultivated species of Begonia. By the same, Journ. R. Hort- 
Soc., N.S., xv., 165-184. 


The Sintesi of Lychnis. By F. N. Williams, Journ. Bot., 
xxxi., 167-171. 


. Botanical Magazine, vol. cxix» 

Icones Plantarum, vol. xxii., t. 2126-2175; xxxii, t. 2251-2275. 

Guide to thé Museums. No. 3, Timbers. Ed. rt. 

Grevillea, vol. xxi., March, June ; xxii., Sept., Dec. 

Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Nos. 73-74, App. I.-III. 

The Journal of the Kew Guild, an association of Kew Gardeners, 
past and present. [Vol. i] 

1894. ! dis 
New Ferns of 1892-3. By J. G. Baker, Ann. Bot., viii., 121-132. 


The Botany of High-cup Nick, Westmoreland. By the same, Journ. 
Bot., xxxii., 299— 9-307. 


On the Species and Garden Forms of Canna. By the same, Journ. 
R. Hort. Soc., N.S., xvi., 178-188. 

‘A Classification of Hardy Bamboos. By W. J. Bean, Gard. Chron., 
Ser. IIL, xv. 167-168 ; 238-239; 301-302 ; 368-370; 431. 

An Enumeration of all the Plants known from China, &c. By F. B. 
meos and W. B. Hemsley (continued), Journ. Linn. des xxvi, 397- 


Researches on the Germination of the Pollen Grain and the Nutrition 
of the Pollen Tube. By J. R — Proc. BR. iSoc., 1y.,..124—127 
[abstract]; Phil. Trans., clxxxv. B., 385 

Plants [of Karakoram]. By W. B. n 

' Forms pp. 75-84 of the second Mor of “Climbing and Exploration i 

Karakoram-Himalayas," by W. M. Conway. 
"Japanese - Horticultural Literature. = By the same, Gard. Chron., 
Ser. III, xv., 69-70. i 


.> Margaret Meen [a Botanical Artist of the last Century]. By the 
same, Lec., 197-198. 


80 


Garbelling of Spices. By the same, l.c., 365-366. 
ee William O as a Botanist. By the same, l.c., 429-434, 


_ Baan of the Death Valley, California. By the same, lc. 555- 


ges southern Fern Paradise. By the same, l.c., xvi., 34-35. 
Robert John Thornton. By the same, l.c., 89-90, 154. 
Mistletos. By the same, l.c., 745—146. 


On two small Collections of Dried Plants from Tibet. By the same, 
with an introductory note by Lieut.-Gen. R. Strachey, Journ. Linn. 
Soc., xxx., 101-130. 


The Flora of the Tonga or Friendly Islands, with descriptions of 
and notes on some new or remarkable Plants from the Solomon Islands. 
By the same, I.c., 158-217. 


a oes By the same, Science Progress, i, I. 27-41; 
IT. 387-4 


The Flora of British India, By J. D. Hooker, Part 20. 
Index Ke wensis . . . neat B. D. Jackson. Fasc. iii. 


The Whampoa aa and the Whangee Cane. By J. R. Jackson, 
Gard: Chron., Ser. III., xv., 559. 


Diseases of the Grape Vine. By G. Massee, Gard. Chron., Ser? III, 
L, 75. 


Xvi, 
An Oh Disease. By the same, l.c., 160. 


Hydrangea hortensis var. lindleyana. By G. Nicholson, Garden, 
xlvi., 466-467. 


Lelia x finckeniana, By R. A. Rolfe, Orch. Rev., ii., 9-10. 
Neuwiedia Lindleyi. By the same, l.c., 70-72. 


Hybrid Odontoglossums (continued). By the same, l.c., 139-141, 
200-201, 328—330. 


M. Barbosa Rodrigues's Brasilian Cattleyas. By the same, l.c., 206- 
207. 


Restrepia antennifera and its Allies. By the same, l.c., 237-238. 

Nomenclature of Cypripedium, By the same, l.c., 269-270. 

Catasetum x splendens. By the same, l.c., 355-357. : 

Lonicera Korolkowii. ` By 0. Stapf, Garden and Forest, vii., 34. 

On the Flora of Mount Kinabalu in North Borneo. By the same, 
Trans. Linn. Soc., Ser. II., Bot., iv., Part 2, pp. 69-263. 

Primary sub-divisions in the genus Silene. By F. N. Williams, 
Journ. Bot., xxxii., 10-13. 

A new Silene trom Teneriffe [S. brevistipes]. By the same, l.c., 
163. 


81 


Further Observations on the Organisation of the Fossil Plants of the 
"e Measures. Part L, Calamites, Calamostachys, and Spheno 
phyllum. By W. C. Williamson and D. H. Scott, Proc. R. Soc., lv., n7- 
124 [Abstract] ; Phil. Trans., cIxxxv., B., p. 863-959. 


The same, Part. e Roots of Calamites. By the same, 
Proc. R. Soc., lvii., a [Abstr act]. ; 


Hand-list of Trees and Shrubs grown in the jea. Part L 
Polypetalæ 


Botanical | Maca vol. exx. 


Icones Plantarum, vol. xxii, t. 2176-2200; xxiii, t. 2276-2300; 
xxiv., t. 2301-2350. 


Grevillea, vol. xxii, March. June (discontinued). 

Hand-list of Trees and Shrubs grown. in the Arboretum. Part I. 
Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Nos. 85-96 ; App. I.-II!. 
The Journal of the Kew Guild [ii.]. 


1895. 

Note on Myrosma cannefolia, Linn. fil. By J. G. Baker, Journ. 

Bot., xxxiii., 40-42. 
n the Botanical Work which has been done in the genus Primula 

since the last Conference, By the same, Journ. R. Hort. Soc., N.S., 
1E. 3. 

Bamboos and the past Winter. By W. J. Bean, Gerd. Chron., 
Ser. III., xvii., 762. 

The Limes (Zilia). By the same, l.c., xviii., 764—760. 

‘New South American D of Polygala. By A. W. Bennett, 
Journ. Bot., xxxiii., 108-1 

An Enumeration of the Dipterocarpacee, based chiefiy upon the 
Specimens pieserved at the Roy erbarium and Museum, Kew, and 
the British Museum; with Remarks on the Genera and Specie: By 
D. Brandis, Journ. Lin n. Soc., xxxi., 1-148. 

On the Origin of the Filamentous Thallus of Dumontia filiformis. 
By G. Brebner, Journ. Linn. Soc., xxx., 436—443 

On the Mucilage Canals of the Marattiacee. By the same, Le. 
444-451. 

Gazanias. By N. E. Brown, Garden, xlvii., 288-290. 


Address to the Botanical Section [of the British Association]. By 
. T. Thiselton-Dyer. 


 Repr. in Gard. Chron., Ser. III., xviii., 294-297, 328—330. 
Variation and Specific Stability. By the same, Nature, li., 459—161 ; 
[on Cineraria] lii, 3-4; cf. “The Origin of he Cineraria,” Gard. 
Chron., ee : L, xvii, 742 ; xviii, "186. 
u ; l oo 


82 


Descriptions of some New Plants from Eastern Asia, chiefly from 
the Island of Formosa, presented by Dr. Augustine Henry to the 
Herbarium, Royal Gardens, Kew. By W. B. Hemsley, Ann. Bot., ix., 
143-160. 


Cases of eee d by Laburnum Seeds. [By the same] Brit. Med. 
Journ. (1895) 11 

Some of the bira of Amboina. [By the same] Gard. Chron., 
Ser. IIL, xvii., 132-133. 

The Flora of Bourbon. By the same, l.c., 736-737. 

Everyday Botany. By the same, Knowledge, N.S., xviii., 217-218. 


n 


Vitality of Seeds. By the same, Nature, lii., 5. 

Cactaces in the Galapagos Islands. By the same, l.c., liii. 31. - 

The Flora of the Galapagos Islands. By the same, l.c., 623. 

pm eon x^ the AA Science Progress, ii., III. 379-398 ; 
IV., l.c., iii, 23-34; V., 447-4 

David s M.D. By J. d Hooker, Journ. Bot. xxxiii., 209- 


Index Kewensis . . . confecit B. D. Jackson. Fasc. iv. 
(et ult). 

A Revision of the Genus Cordyceps. By G. Massee, Ann. Bot., ix., 
1-44. 

Diseases of the Grape Vine. By the same, II., Gard. Chron., Ser. III., 
xvii., 101, 134. : 

The * Sleepy disease " of Tomatos. By the same, l.c., 707—708. 

Bag, oe ed as *' is Siena Disease' of Tomatos," in Journ. R. Hort. 
sg IN B4 xix 

Note on the Dices of Cabbages D allied plants known as * Finger 
and Toe, &c." By the same, Proc. R. So 2c., lvii., 330-332. 

L'interprétation des planches de Bulliard et leur concordance avec les 
noms actuels, par Quélet, et en ce qui concerne les Myxomy- 
cétes, par M. Massee. Rev. Myeol. xvii., 93-100, 141-148. 

Cantor Lectures on Commercial Fibres, their history and origin, with 
special reference to the Fibre Industries connected with Her Majesty's 
Colonial and Indian Possessions. Delivered March 18, 25, and April 1, 
1895, By D. Morris. 

The Plants and Gardens of the "el Islands. By the same, 
Journ. R. Hort. Soc., N.S., xix., 60-122. 

A Jamaica Drift-fruit [ Sacoglottis amazonica, Mart.] By the same, 
Nature, liii., 64-66. 

'Thelotremez et Graphidez nove quas presertim ex hb. Reg. Kewensi 
= Dr. J. Mueller [Argoviensis], Journ. Linn. Soc., xxx., 45l- 


dec 'Trees and Shrubs. By G. Nicholson, Journ. R. Hort. Soc., 
N.S., xvii., 96-65. 


83 


The Magnolias. By the same, Gard. ipe Ser. III., xvii., 515-516. 


An account of the genus Argemone. By D. Prain, Journ. Bot., 
xxxiii., 129-135, 176-178, 207—209, 301-912, 325—333, 363-371. 


of Garden Orchids (continued). By R. A. Rolfe, Galeandra, 
opin Gard Chron., Ser. IIT., xviii., 580-581. 


Cypripedium x siamense. By the same, Orch. Rev., iii., 20-21. 
Mexican hybrid Leelias, By the same, l.c., 45-48. 
Are Stelis flowers irritable ? By the same, l.c., 56-57. 
Hybrid Selenipediums. [By the same], l.c., 75-80. 
Cattleya aurantiaca. By the same, l.c., 83-84. 
Catasetum x splendens (continued). By the same, l.c., 85-86. 
Cattleya Triane and ita varieties. By the same, l.c., 114-119. 
Notes on the genus Catasetum. By the same, l.c., 138-143. 
Cycnoches egertonianum. By the same, l.c., 233-236. 
Cycnoches Warscewiczii and C. aureum. By the same, l.c., 263-264. 
Cattleya. What constitutes a species ? [By the same], l.c., 266-270. 
Vanillas of Commerce. [By the same], 1.c., 308-311. 
Hybrid Odontoglossums. By the same, l.c., 325-329. 
Oncidium spilopterum. By the same, l.c., 331—332. 

 Masdevallia trinema, By the same, l.c., 335-336. 
Oncidium gravesianum. By the same, Rev. Hort. Belge, xxi., 73. 
Descriptions in Reichenbachia, ii. By the same. 


Pedaliacez, von 0. ome Engler u. Prantl, Naturl. Pflanzenfam. Lief. 
115-116, pp. 253-26 


Streptocarpus Dyeri. By W. Watson. Garden and Forest, viii., 5-6. 
The “Spot” Disease of Orchids. By the same, l.c., 433-434. 
Stapelia gigantea. [By the same], l.c., 514, 515. 


<a odoratissimus. . By the same, Gard. Chron, Ser. III, 
xvii 


Giant Cacti at Kew. By the same, l.c., xviii., 190. 
Begonia Disease. By the same, l.c., 544. 


Orchids, their culture and management. By W. Went, AS b 
W. Bean, ed. II. : i d 


Further Voti i = the tetas a Oa of the Fossil Plants of the 


WR lamites. x. W. C. 
WwW d D. T. Boo; Phil, Trans., nikae B. 683-701 
u Pak G 


84 

The same. Part III. Lyginodendron and Heterangium. By the 
same, Proc. R. Soc., lviii., 195-204 [abstract]. 

Hand-list of Herbaceous Plants cultivated in the Royal Gardens. 

Botanical Magazine, vol. cxxi. 

Icones Plantarum, vol. xxiv., t. 2351-2400 ; xxv., t. 2401-2425. 

Guide to the Museums. No. 2. 

Hand-list of Trees and Shrubs. Part I. Polypetale. 

Hand-list of Ferns and Fern Allies cultivated in the Royal Gardens. 

Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information. Nos. 97-108. App. I.-II. 

The Journal of the Kew Guild.  [iii.] 


DXLII.—MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. 


Mr. WinLiAw THORPE, a member of the gardening staff at Kew, 
has been appointed a propagator at the Botanic Gardens at Durban, in 
the Colony of Natal. He left for South Africa on December.5, 1896. 


Visitors during 1896.—The number of persons who visited the Royal 
Gardens during the year 1896 was 1,396,875. That for 1895 was 
1,407,369. The average for 1886-95 was 1,425,526. The total number 
on Sundays was 536,181, and on weekdays 855,715. The maximum 
number of visitors on any one day was 86,399 on May 25, and the 
smallest 62 on March 18. 

The detailed monthly returns are given below :— 


January - - - - 20,378 
February - - - - 27,782 
arch ` - - 33,648 
Aprl  - - - - - 199,927 
May — - 3 : - 800,353 
June - - - - - 203,305 
- - . 202,261 

August - " - - 264,043 
September : - - . 29,997 
October - - - E - $993,070 
November - - - 23,074 
December = 3 2 : 15,137 
Total - - 1,396,875 


Botanical Magazine for December.— The number for this month 
concludes the 122nd volume of the work, which is dedieated to Mr. 
Gustav Mann, late As me Conservator of Forsta, Assam. 
plants figured are: Gra matophyllum rumphianum, Prunus sub- 
hirtella, Coriaria japonica, s Ojand Exul, and Iris albopurpurea. 
The Grammatophy beer is a robust orchid from the Moluecas and 
Borneo. Two plants were received at Kew, one from Mr. C. Ls ; 
F.L.S., :Mecephu aite of the Botanic Gardens, Hone and the à) 


85 


other from Messrs. F. Sander & Co., of St. Albans, both abel m in 

June 1895. The pretty Japanese Prunus was received fro essor 

Sargent, Director of the Arnold Arboretum, Boston, in "1895, and 

flowered at Kew in April of the present year. The flowers app 

before the leaves. The Coriaria, also Japanese, flowered in Canon 
a 


very conspicuous. ee ds sent to Kew by Professor Sargent produced 


plants one of which flowered simultaneously with that in Canon 
Ellacombe’s garden. a pni Evul, native of Siam, closely 
resembles C. insigne. The figure was prepared from a plant which 
was sent to Kew in 1892 3 Messrs. F. Sander & Co. The Iris is a 


new species, imported from Japan. It flowered at Kew in June. 


Journal of Sir Joseph Banks—In the Historical Account of Kew - 


remarked: ** No scientific man of his eminence iere d ever did so 
little personally, or was the inspiring cause of so much being done 
rs.” This is only true in the sense of work actually 


ra 
"d 


been little or  wethiug to show for it. fle has not even | received peel 
for the remarkable Journal, now published aíter the lapse of more than 
a century, of Captain Cook's first voyage round the world. It was 
largely, it is true, embodied in Hawkesworth's narrative. But there is 
nothing to show who was responsib!e for any partieular description or 
statement. 

Three years ago Cook’s own Journal was published by Admiral 
Wharton. That of Banks is at length, after the singular series of 
accidents described by the editor, given to the world. It cannot be 
doubted that it places Banks’s scientific reputation in an entirely new 
position. In ardour, judgment, energy, keenness of observation, and 
indefatigable scientific interest we see that he takes his place in the ve 
front rank of scientific explorers. But the fact remains that his labours 
yielded no tangible result at his own hands, and till the present publiea- 
iion cf his Journal, the world may be said to have remained ignorant of 
their extent. The vast series of figures on copper-plates of the plants 
collected whieh Banks had prepared at his own cost remains unutilized 
at the British Museum. It might have been thought that the trustees 


made these available to science if only as a memorial to their author. 

Nothing could be more appropriate than that the task of editing the 
Journal should have fallen into the hands of Sir Joseph Hooker. He 
followed Banks in the investigation of the flora of the extreme south of 
America and of New Zealand, and was actually the first to publish many 
of the plants first collected by him and his botanist, Dr. Solander, both in 
his Flora Antarctica and his Flora Nove Z ven And he also ulti- 
mately followed him in the scientific direction of 

Nothing is more remarkable about the book, disinterred as it is from a 
long oblivion, € itsfreshness. It depicts the countries of the oe 
hemisphere as they first revealed themselves to northern navigators and 
records with vivid accuracy AREETA of savage life which are for the 
most part passed away for eve 


86 


Australian Myrmecophilous Plants —In Banks’s Ces (p. 304) of 
Captain Cook’s first voyage, lately edited by Sir Joseph Hooker, he 
describes an epiphytic plant having a large tuberous tesa permeated by 
innumerable winding passages invariably inhabited by ants. The species: 
observed by Banks was inhabited by red ants, eveu in a young state, 


a large turnip.” Banks identified it with the Gad Formicarum ruber 
of Rumphius vereri rium vete vi. p. 120. 5. f. 2), subsequently 
named Myrmecodia Rumphii by Bee B CMalesid, ii. p. 117), which, 
however, is only kno iuvit certainty i ‘inhabit Amboyna. No species of 
this singular group of renee is included in Bentham’s Flora ‘Misbrliekieis 
(1866) ; but in 1867, Dr. Ch. Moore, Director of the Sydney Botanic 
Gardens, sent some living plants, which had been brought from Cape 
York by Captain Nares, to Kew. In 4 communication relating to these 
plants (Journal of js vi. SERES p. 92), Mr. G. Bennett quotes a 
letter from Dr. [now Sir Joseph] Hooker, in which they are mentioned 
as Myrmecodia armata and gg aiu Jor micarum. These names 
were taken up by F. Mueller (Fragmenta. Phytographie Australis 
i, p. 45), and the latter is repeated in the icm edition of his Census of 
VITA Plants, p. 75; whilst the former is given as M. echinata, 
which, in Pie second edition of the Census, is again altered to M. Antoini?. 
cessful in cultivating the plants in question, and un- 
dare thé. dead plants were not preserved, either as museum or her- 
bar pecimens, so that we cannot be certain what they were, though 
thé e evidence is against the original determinations. This is not sur- 
prising because at that im: d about half a dozen of the fifty species 
now known had been des 
The first successful impor of ps plants of Myrmecodia seems 
to have been made d Messrs, J. Veitch, who esa a plant of 
M. Beccarii, Hook. f. (Botanical Magazine, t. 5883) to Kew in 1886. 
In the sane year Mr. H. O. Forbes sent Hy ydnophytum | Forbesit, 
Hook. f. (Botanical Mosinee, t. 7218) from New Guinea to Kew, 
where it has been essfully cultivated. In 1891 a plant of 
H yanophy r dongi dicen, À . Gr., a native of Fiji, wassent to Kew by 
wii of the Botanical Station there. This flowered in 


Australian species is represented in the Museum by a specimen from 
Somerset, North Australia, collected by the Macleay Expedition. 1t is 
apparently Hi opi ytum crassifolium, Becc., a species found in the 
Aru Is n German New Guinea, two very distant localities. 
prre A "Sir Joseph Hooker (Botanical Magazine, 1894, sub. t 
apes Dr. A. R. Wallace was the first to attempt the introduction of 
e plants, having sent a Myrmecodia to Kew about the year 1860 
There are also plants in the Museum of the three Australian species ‘tiated 
above, sent by the late Walter Hill, haga of the Brisbane Botanic 
Garden, which arrived in a dead conditi 
[W- B. H.] 


. Massee. 


necans 


Rhizopus 


Wy man & Sons, US Lith 


ROYAL GARDENS, KEW. 


BULLETIN 


OF 


MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION, 


Nos. 122-123.] FEBRUARY and MARCH. [1897. 


DXLIII.—A LILY BULB DISEASE. 
(Rhizopus necans, Mass.) 
"With Plate. 


During the past year a destructive wave of fungoid disease almost 
completely ruined the crop of lily bulbs raised in Japan for exportation 
to Europe. The first indication of this disease received at Kew, was 
through Messrs. Tozer, Bros. and Co., of Gracechurch Street, who sent 
a large number of diseased bulbs for examination. These bulbs formed 
part of a consignment received from Japan in November last, consisting 
of 848 cases, containing 73,050 bulbs of Lilium speciosum, Thurb., 
“album” and “rubrum.” Out of this sate ans 250 bulbs arrived 
in a saleable aidan, the whole of the rem r being more or less 
rotten and worthless. At a later date the sa p received a second 
consignment of 37, 590 very large bulbs of Lilium auratum, and out of 
this quantity only 4,000 were saleable. Similarly diseased bulbs, 
received from Japan, were afterwards sent to Kew for examination 
from other sources. Finally, a quantity of bulbs obtained through an 
agent from Japan, for planting at Kew, contained a large percentage 
suffering from the same type of disease. 

The bulbs received for investigation showed every stage of disease ;. 
in the earliest condition, the base of the bulb is alone discoloured and 
somewhat soft ; this discolouration and softening of the tissues graduall 
spreads from the base, until finally, in the most advanced stage, every 
part of the bulb is of a brownish colour, and sufficiently soft to admit of 
being readily crushed into a pulpy mass between the fingers. 

opic examination revealed the scm of slender, continuons, 
hyaline, branched hyphae traversing the tissues in every direction ; the. 
cell-walls are never pierced, but gradually dissolved, and it is only at 
the last stage of the disease that the starch grains become irregularly 
corroded, and gradually dissolved. 

So long as the epidermis of the bulb-scales remains intact there is no 
trace of uy eellni or fructification on the surface, but when the tissue 
is reduced to a soft pulp, or when a diseased bulb is cut open, the broken 
surface is within 24 hours covered with a dense snow-white mycelium, 


ditiis suggested that it might possibly be in some T associated 
U 98709. -1375.—8/97. We 198. A 


88 


with the disease, and subsequent cultures and inoculations proved this 
surmise to be correct. 


d 
of the liquid was covered with the fungus in a fruiting condition. 

When spores were sown in a hanging-drop along with a very thin 
section of lily bulb-scale, it was observed that the germ-tubes could not 
enter the tissue through the epidermis, but that they entered readily at 
those points where the celis were not protected by the epidermis. 

set of experiments were also carried out, using healthy lily bulbs, 
some of which were furnished by Messrs. Tozer, for inoculation. For 


a large supply of spores, which were tested and found to germinate 
readily. ‘These spores were collected with a wet camel-hair brush and 
i : 


y 


with sterilised cotton wool as before. The water in which two other 
bulbs were growing was inoculated as above, but the roots of the bulbs 


Finally, 1 per cent. of salicylic acid was added to the water in which 
two more bulbs were growing, a copious supply of the inoculating water 
added, the roots of the bulbs broken off, the bulbs replaced, and, as in 
the other instances, protected with cotton wool. 
At the end of six weeks the two bulbs whose roots were not 
destroyed appeared to be quite healthy ; they were then planted in soil, 
e still growing and show no indication of disease. The two 
bulbs with broken roots showed signs of disease ut the end of three 


. 


weeks after inoculation, and at the six weeks period the disease had 


occurring on the bulbs received from Japan. The companion bulb was 
also. diseased, and in about three months was soft and rotten, and 
covered with the fungus in a fruiting condition. The two bulbs with 
broken roots th growing in water containing 1 per cent. 
of salicylic acid remained quite healthy, made fresh roots, and are still 
living. 


rous experiments were made with other kinds of bulbs, and it 
was found that the fungus refused to grow on onions, however much 
mutilated. On the other hand, daffodil bulbs are very susceptible to the 


89 


«isease; if the roots are broken, or a wound made in the bulb, and 
afterwards powdered with the spores, the disease showed itself within a 
a few days, and was in due course followed by the characteristic fruit of 
‘the fungus. It was invariably found that, however much bulbs were 
mutilated, and then inoculated with fungus spores, that submergence 
for a few minutes in a 1 per cent. solution of salicylic acid, or corrosive 
-sublimate prevented the disease; in other words, all fa ungus spores 
ming in contact with the above-named solutions are destroyed, 

Boe the vitality of the bulbs thus treated is not at all affected. 

Dr. Halstead has described* a somewhat similar disease, called * soft- 


fon j 

‘already descri in requiring a somewhat lengthened period of rest 
before they ER, by this 1 means tiding the fungus over i period 
of the year not suitable for its growth, and germinating when favour- 
-able conditions, climatic and otherwise, return. During this Pup. <4 
‘rest, the zygospores remain in the soil, or attached to the substance 
which they were produced. The m inute spores pests deroribed, 


an 
enable the plant to extend its area of distribution; and as these spores 
are produced very quickly, and in immense numbers, it can 
understood how rapidly the disease spreads when once introduced into 
E given locality. 

e fungus causing the lily bulb disease, although allied to Rhizopus 
ies irme is quite distinct from this and every other known species, and 

may be characterised as follows :—- 


RHIZOPUS NECANS (n. sp.). 


Hyphis sterilibus continuis conglomeratis ab se tenuibus candidis ; - 
hyphis sporangiferis e ite simplicibus vel interdum furcatis 3-6-fasci- 
eulatis continuis flavo-brunneis 20-25 uh dui irca 2 mm. "ditis basi 
stolones longos émififontUns; sporangiis globosis circa 250 iam. 
brunneo-nigris opacis glabris; columella subglobosa.; sporis ase 
minutissime striatis 5-6 p diam. pallide oiivattene bruit is; zygosporis 
doliformibus 100-120 » diam, hispidis subnigris 

arasitic on bulbs of various species of Lilium. 
JAPAN, 


SUMMARY, 
The lily bulb disease is caused by a parasitic fungus called Rhizopus 
necans. 


The fungus cannot penetrate the gers tissues of ton: ball but 
gains an entrance t throu h wounds, 


The spores of Rhizopus necans are killed by a short immersion in a 
1 per cent. solution of corrosive sublimate or of salicylic acid. 


* New Jersey Agric, Coll. Expt, Station, Bull, n. 76. 
A 2 


$0 


Neither of these substances have any injurious effect on living bulbs, 
e d ey do not remain in the liquid for more than fifteen 
nutes, 


PREVENTIVE MEASURES. 


The fungus is by no means — to lily bulbs for its food ; but, as 
experiments have proved, can live on a great variety of dea or decom- 
posing substances; it may also occur as a parasite on other plants than 
lilies in Japan as it readily attacks and ci i daffodil bulbs. Judging 


if this were ded eat care would have to be exerci ised, so as not to 
introduce thefungus; the spores are readily conveyed from one. locality 
to another in the soil on tools, cart wheels, shoes, clothing, &e., in addition 
to being carried by wind or ‘animals, An important point to remember 
is not to allow vegetable rubbish of any kind to — a all 
diseased bulbs should be burned and not allowed to rema the 
ground, otherwise the zygospores that form on such old Pme Billi 
would siart the disease the following season. 

As little injury as possible should be dove to the roots of the bulbs 
when they are removed from the ground, and the bulbs reds be allowed 
to * sweat” before they are packed for exportation. If the fungus is 
known to be present when the bulbs are being be pity er packing, 
they might be placed in a solution of salicylic acid as a 

The sterilised earth in which the bulbs are packed a pone very 
suitable ed the work, and Bebes: be inany way considered as a cause of 
the dise 


G. MassEE. 


DESCRIPTION or THE FIGURES. 
1. Section of a diseased lily bulb; the dark portion at the base of the 
bulb is the part attacked by the fangus ; nat, size. 


2. Portion IN "Ss fungus in the fruiting condition, growing on 
the roots of a lily ; 


3. Clusters of Kee branches of the fungus; x 8. 
4. À emm cluster of the sporangial form of fruit; x 60. 
matic section of a sporangium; a, columella; the portion, b, 

between the tien and the outer wall of the sporangium is filled with 
spores. 

6. Spores, some of which are germinating ; x 300. 

7. Spores showing the delicate markings on the epispore; x 1,000. 

8. Mature zygospore; x 300. 

9. Mycelium of the fungus running between cells filled with starch ; 
x 400. 


91 
DXLIV.—TENGAH BARK. 


The species of the small natural group of Mangroves form one of the 
most characteristic features of the muddy tidal estuaries of the tropics. 
Rhizophora, jar typical eem is found in c" the old and the new 
world; the others are confined to the form 

e Kew Bulletin for 1892 ob. 227232) contained a full account 
of an attempt to introduce West Indian Mangrove bark into European 
commerce as a tanning material. 

The present corr espondence g gives the available information respecting 
one of the East Indian Mangrov es, Ceriops candolleana, which appear 
to be attracting some attention. 


DIRECTOR, QARCENS AND Forest DEPARTMENT, STRAITS 
SETTLEMENTS, to ROYAL GARDENS, Kew 


Singapore, 
Dear Mar. Tuatserton-Dyer, November 8, 1892. 
nding you a small box of extract of Tengah bark 
(Ceriops candolleana). This bark is used here for tanning, and also 
for dyeing, especially in vie Las ien with Indigo. The bark was cut 
up in bits and boiled for two hours in a copper pan, and the liquid 
eventually dried by € 

In dyeing, it is sed to give a brownish red colour to ven e 
especially to get er black and purple. The cloth is firs t dye 

engah, dried, and then dipped in Indigo, and comes out Nes = 
black according to the strength used. 

The tree is very common here and used as firewood, and the bark 
mostly wasted. So it could be prepared at no great cost. I should be 
pe if you would get an opinion on it either as either a dye or a tan. 

pits extracts have, I believe, been tried wating but have not 


between the species, but all kinds of barks ave tbe stewed up 
together and the result tried. Now, 1am going to work through all 
the Mangrove tan barks one by one, and try if we cannot make some 
use of them. 


Yours, &c. 
` (Signed) Henry N. RIDLEY. 


Nore by the PROFESSOR OF DYEING, YORKSHIRE COLLEGE, LEEDS. 


“Tengah” bark extract behaves, as aati its dyeing properties, 
in a similar manner to a good quality of Cat 

When used along with Indigo, as is vereint the "eges the latter 
is probably applied in a * copperas" (ferrous sulphate) vat; in which 
case the ** Tengah " will combine with the iron and mme A as indieated 
cie a grey colour, which in conjunction with the Indigo blue gives 
the b 

Tengal extract would certainly be of value to dyers. 

(Signed) J. J. HuwMzr. 
February 8, 1893. 


92 


Messrs. WALLACE BROTHERS to Royan GARDENS, Kew.. 


8, Austin Friars, London, E.C., 

SIR, Febr 189 
E are sending you by parcel post a sample of Mangrove bark: 
from British North Borneo, which we understand is known there. as 
Kulit Tengah Mangrove. wel this bark a substance is. produe 
which is used largely in. dyeing, and we shall feel much obliged if you 
will inform us whether the particular description of Mangrove t tree fro 
which this bark is produced is found in British gaa sphepa are, we 
know, large quantities of Mangrove trees in Burma, but we are not sure 
if they consist of the particular description geom ee the sample 
we are sending 

We understand that the common Mangrove, generically known in 
Borneo as omen also produces a dye, but of a darker colour than the 

engan. 

erhaps you-can oblige us viua the botanical names of the Tengah: 
and of the common Mangrov 
We are, &c. 
Signed) WALLACE BROTHERS. 
W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, Esq., C.M.G., F.R.S., 
Director, Royal Gar dens, Kew. 


‘Royar GARDENS, Kew, to Messrs. WALLACE BROTHERS, 
Royal Gardens, Kew, 
Sirs, February 12, 1897. 


I am in receipt of your euer of giu s date. 
Tengah bark is an article known to only from the Straits Settle- 


ments, Its botanical name is obra obudotilna. It belongs to the 
mangrove family, and ne doubt occurs both in Borneo and in all the 
tidal rivers of British India. It has been studied in the Leeds Dyeing 
School, and was regarded as ** of value to dyers." 

2. I should he disposed to regard the article known as ** eiua Cutch’” 
as gom derived from "A same plant as the ** Tengah extract,” 

e two species ove which are widely mb through- 

de ‘the eastern tropies are Pr A Dea mucronata and Rhizophora 
conjugata. 


I am, &c. 
(Signed) W. T. TuiskrTON-DvER. 
Messrs. Wallace Brothers, 
, Austin Friars, London, E.C. 


DXLV.—WEST INDIA SUGAR TRADE. 


e following article is reproduced from the Times of Novem 
ber 30th last. It gives an extremely clear account of the state at that 
date of the problem of sugar cultivation in British Colonies and the 
cause of its decay. And it is the more valuable as it does this from an 
impartial and independent point of view :— 

“ The position of the West Indian sugar trade, which has led to the 
appointment of an Poe Commission to proceed to the West Indies 


93 


and inquire on the spot into the conditions of the sugar industry, with 
a view to ascertaining whether any effective measures can be devised 
for its development and relief, is one which can hardly fail to arouse 
both sympathy and interest. 


* It would be in every sense undesirable, on the eve of such an inquiry 
as is now about to be held, to take conclusions for granted on the man 
voutio iod points with which the subject bristles. There is no 
necessity to assume, on the one hand, that the industry is the altogether 
hapless victim of cireumstances which are beyond the range of possible 
control, or, on the other, that with proper exertion on the part of those 
who are most largely interested the evils complained of might in spite 
of circumstances have been surmouuted. An unbiassed statement of 


posen itself, whatever the causes mbination of causes by which such 
situatio may h ave been produced, will iiid the urgency of according 
full vitüiderei éd to the question 


“Tt has to be borne in mind that the sd Ap colonies are 
principally agricultural - their resources. the exception of 
British Guiana, where the development of the zold industry is now 
confidently expected, they have so ie given little indication of mineral 
wealth. Their position and the nature of their labouring population 
preclude the idea of manufacturing Tevel pisni on any important scale. 
A1iaongst their agricultural produeti ons sugar has hitherto held the 
principal position. In British Guiana, which is the largest sugar- 
producer of the group, the sugar industry, notwithstanding the promise 
of other developments in the near future, is still spoken of as practically 


contributed the principal reven It is also, it should be added, the 
industry in whose in ts the incidence of M od 3d colony has 
eid principally adjusted. It is worth statin ssible 


the cultivation of sugar has hitherto m olcied this very prominent 
position in the agricultural production of British Guiana, there is no 
natural dearth of other tropical products which might in favourable 
circumstances be brought into commercial cultivation, In Jamaica the 


laie years diminished, and the prosperity of the colony stands on a 
wider basis. Bananas and other tropical fruits, cacao, coffee, cocoa tog 
cinchona bark, &e., form a considerable item in the trade of Jamai 
The development giv en to the fruit trade and the fibre industry in the 
Bahama Islands proves the value of products which have hitherto been 

regard ees only minor importance in the possible resources 
of tropical and sub-tr ical agriculture. In relation to these as yet 
scarcely developed possibilities, it has been pointed out that we hàve 
‘in British Guiana alone an area of country equal to two Ceylons quite 
untouched ; in British Honduras we have more than the area o = 
Fiji Islands ; to Trinidad we could add the wealth of the Strai 
Settlements, and with the resources of the unwo orked soil of siis 
we might emulate the prosperity of at least four chat: of the size of 
Mauriti tius.’ 

“ Acknowledging to the full all that there may be to urge in fayour 
. of further development of other agrieultural resources, we must, however, 
recognise that sugar is at present and has been for many years past the 
principal mainstay of West Indian production. In British Guiana 


94 


ugar and its accompanying products have been calculated to 


yery similar position. In Jamaica, notwithstanding the redi of 
other industries, sugar only forms 20 per cent. ofthe total export.* 
Trinidad, happy in the possession of a pitch lake, counts sugar as its 
staple production, With rare exceptions the West Indian Colonies may 
be correctly stated to regard the prosperity of the piger industry and the 
. pros perity of their local populations as synonymous terms. Jepression 
in the sugar trade means for them financial embarrassment in private 
circles, cca of the public revenue, discontent among the labouring 
ulatio: 
PE It isa a lüiier of common knowledge that depression in the West 
Indian sugar trade has now reached a point at which estates are going 
out of cultivation in some of the leading sugar colonies, and very serious 
consequences are anticipated both to the public and to the private pros- 
perity of the ec v irae ed.' Remedial measures have become 


markets of the world, nor to a diminished power of production. ‘The total 
sugar production of the world for the year 1880 was 3,830,000 tons. 
The total production of the world for the year 1895 was 7, 879, 000 tons. 
e increase is large for a period of 15 years, and if the West Indian 
Islands had kept a fair proportion of the increased production in their 
beer eas ought to have no reason to complain. iifabtonatcly, this is 
ot the case. ne sugar of the world is of two kinds, cane sugar and 
beet sugar. The West Indians are producers of cane sugar alone, and 
when the total of the world’s sugar production is divided under the two 
heads of vane and beet it will be found that the increased production 
has been almost wholly in beet sugar. ‘The figures for 1880 are :— 
Cane sugar, 2,200,000 tons; beet nes d ,630,000 tons ; and vhs figures 
for 1895 are—cane sugar, 2,904,000 to : beet sugar, 4 975, O0 tons. 
Nearly the beca inerease has been ades in the produetion of edt sugar, 


ion uut. Indian colonies has remained for many years in quantity 
tstationary. Had it remained stationary in value the situation 
might ‘stil have been endurable, but the natural effect of increased supply 
in bringing down the level of prices aes been artificially heightened by 
a system of foreign bounties, on the one hand. and of duties, on the 
other, until in the course of last year prices fell to something not far 
rom 50 per cent. of the values realized in the comparatively recent days 
of West Indian prosperity, According to a statement made before a local 
Nessuna d in 1894 to inquire ee the matter, in British 
cane sugar cost 14/. Od. to produce, and 
ita average value in ‘the market at that time was MT 19s. 2d. Unde 
these conditions the more sugar the West Indian planter produced the 
greater was the loss he suffered. 

“The conditions of production of beet sugar appear to have been in 
themselves scarcely more profitable. The total production of beet sugar 
for 1894 was estimated in round numbers at 5,000,000 tons, at a a = 
9l. a ton. ‘The price realized for beet sugar was 84. ton, 
senting what would under Bp conditions have been a total deem to 
the € industry of 1,250,000/. But the annual sum paid in 
bounties by the foreign Governments under whose protection the beet- 
sugar akeri is fostered, amounted for that year to 4,290,000/. If the 


* The Times stated 60 per cent. But this was an obvious error, 


99^ 


figures are correct, the beet sugar r-jndnstty, working at a commercial 
loss, r received from the taxpayers of the countries in which it is located 
which reprenented the very TAE profit of 3, nat ,0007. The 
bones being paid at so much a ton, the beet-sugar grower has every 
incitement to uma to produce so long as what may is termed his 
political gain outbalanecs his commercial loss. 
* Under such conditions of competition with regard to production the 
West Indian planter may be pardoned if he "has his moments of 


Here, again, the Continental system is against him. In Great Britain, 
where there are no duties, the consumption per head of the population 
reaches s. In Franc ce, where there is a duty of 24l. a ton, 
consumption falls to 28 lbs. per head of the population. In Germany is 
is 26 lbs. a head, in Austria it is 17 lbs. Thus, while the production is, 
on the one hand, stimulated by bounties, consumption is, on the other 
hand, restricted by duties. Supply is artificially increased, demand is 
artificially diminished, and the interference with economic law is 
complete. 

* The situation as it is offers, however, certain elements of hope. in 
the first place, the burden of the bounties on the taxpayers of the 
Continent becoming every pour more weighty, tends by that very fuct 

bring about its own cu At the present. rates of bounty a iic 
EE as that of last Je aval an annual cost in round numbers of 
almost 5,000,000/. to the bounty-giving Gov mate Every further 
fall in price Ps increases the burden, and a decrease of 17. per ton 
in the market price would mean, at present rates of production, a 
further charge of 5,000,000/. ‘The most patient taxpayers revolt 
when sueh charges for the benefit of one iudustry are piled too 


population of Great Britain the restrictions placed upon the consump- 
tion of the Continent may present a source of somewhat bitter reflection 
to the sugar grower, there is comfort in ies reflection that the powers 
of consumption of the world's markets y no means reached their 
limits, and that, if by any change of ouis the duties should at some 
future time be diminished, the demand might readily be doubled. If by 

e removal of bounties production were reduc re s natural levels 
and by the removal of duties demand w fiue od its na 
limits, there would be room for growers "of both xd and beet, and all 
might yet ve with the sugar industry. 

“ The pressing question for ‘the West Indian sugar growers is how to 
hold out till this favourable change shall take place. Representations 
of the necessity for action of some kind have poured in upon the 
Imperial Goroit in the form chiefly of petitions for relief, from 
the yen, sugar colonies, and it is perhaps not altogether unpatural 
that, foremost among the proposals of the suffering planter, is the 
request that his production of sugar also might be supported at the cost 
of the taxpayers by a system of. English bounty and the imposition of 
countervailing duties at English ports. He is so urgently in need of 
mo er that any means by which it may be obtained would be acceptable 
to hi 


= That men seeing themselves on the verge of grave disaster should 
be willing to snatch at any means in their power to avert the peril is 


96 


comprehensible, but that any radical improvements in the conditions 
of the industry could be brought about by a further stimulus to supply 
accompanied by a further restriction of deitha is a view which wili 
hardly be aA by the disinterested observer. To grant this form 
of relief would be to prolong indefinitely a position which can only lead 
to further mischief and extend the area of inevitable industrial disaster. 
Other means than these must be found to enable the West Indian 
industry to live through the paese period - depressicn. 

* It must not be forgotten that at this moment there is a portion of 

c 


prosperity, not only holding its pesidoti in the teeth of adverse fortune, 
but. expanding and strengthening its position, The "eere sugar 
i k h 


sugar factories, but it has been instrumental in settling a prosperous 
class of small farmers uid sant proprietors upon the soil 


I 
cost in labour o fo ap was and a saving of 3/. 5s. per ton 
would at once be effected. Three pounds five shillings saved in cost of 
production would be more valuable than any bount which is at present 
paid by ens ar nations, and, if the Veniet » üpbliésble, would. 
alone suffice to save the West Indian sugar industry. 

“To assume that the conditions are exactly pm and that any 
exact parallel ean be drawn would be unjust until € conditions have 
been more fully inquired into. The argument indicates only possibili- 
ties which may exist, and may, for causes unknown to us, have been 
overlooked. A com — of "onc investigators able thor oughly 
to examine the whole position need not begin their labours without 
hope of arriving at some practica iolutión of vw difficulties with which 
the sugar tidintr yd is ilron , and if it should be found possible to 
include in the commission somé members havin knowledge of the 
conditions of the sugar industry i in — the chances of success 
will be materially increased.” 


 DXLVI.—PRICES OF HOME-GROWN TIMBER 
for 1896. 


The following article reprinted from the Gardeners’. Chronicle of 
January 2, of the present year, is a useful summary of the prices of 
home- -grown timber during the preceding one. The subject is one of 
frequent inquiry. 

During the year 1896 * the prices of home-grown timber and forest 

roduce “generally, cannot be said to have greatly improved. Certainly,- 


ea 
during the last three months, and for certain kinds it may truthfully be 
said that the dean greatly exceeds the supply. This is especially 
true with oak, , and larch of good quality and large size, these 
meeting with a Fenty sale at fair rices. Large clean oak fetches from. 
1s. 8d. to fully 2s. per fcot, and several small parcels of gn pese 
changed hands of late at prices even in excess of any just named 
too, finds a ready market at ls. 8d. per foot, and that of extra 
quality was sold at an auction lately for 2s. per foot. Of course, the- 
— between clean grown plantation trees, and those from the 
fiel hedgerow is apparent to everyone interested in the conversion. 
of our dide as woods, and the purchaser pays accordingly. Elm is 
still a drug in the market, and plenty, of perhaps not the best quality, 
ean be got at the low fizure of 6d. a foot, and a large batch of roughish 
trees recently was sold for 4d. a foot. Large and sound sycamore finds 
a ready market at highly remunerative prices, and I recently sold a 
number of first-class trees at 2s. 6d. per foot, but from. 1s. 8d. to 2s. is 
nearer the mark general 

“ Then, * maiden ° willow, if fit tor pita Ag: finds a quick sale at 
high prices, and here again the supply falls far short of the demand. 
Beech, such as that produced on the Chiltern Hills, and in certain 
of Kent, dpa and Hertfordshire, sells readily at fully 1s. per foot,. 
though 8d. is the ave rage price in most parts of the country. The 
demand for this class of timber is very good at presenrs but rough, 
knotty small stuff can hardly be sold at even firewood pri 


, 


“ Both alder and birch fetch 10d. per foot, — A in dad where: 
the making of clog-soles is a part of ihe indus 
* Larch sells perhaps more readily than any idee of our home-grown. 
timbers, the rers E this on hand at the present time being small 
indeed. From 1s. s. Jd. may be considered fair for that of good 
quality. Scotch fite on pA other hand, is hard to get rid of even at the 
low Ay of 6d. per foot, and there are lots at present offered below that 


bees 


paid for Ge i ae e past season. When we count 30s. 


mensurate with the s diio: Tare ei to sell readily 
at 22s. per 100, but plenty are waiting to be sold ss 12s in the London 
market. Small faggots for fire lighting—* pimps” they are e in 
southern England--can now be bought in the city at 2s. 6d. per 100— 

a contrast to the 4s. 6d. readily got not so many years ago. "The split 
batten ends, now offered for sale by almost every grocer, have quite 
ousted the faggot from the market. 


$8 


* Coppice-wood, too, does not fetch one half of what it did twenty 
s ago; tha t of sixteen years' growth, and etr een mainly of ash 
and hazel, elite at the present time at from 5/, to 6/. per acr 
onfidently to be hoped that the rather brisker trade and better 
prices sof Tiie timber and other forest produce during the past 
three months will fully maintained, if not increased, during the year 
1897.—A. D. Webster.” 


DXLVII.—MYRRH. 


In the Kew Bulletin for 1896 (pp. 86-91) an attempt was made to 
settle ihe, botanical origin of myrrh. The publication of this paper has 
led to some fresh in nvestigations by Dr. Schweinfurth and Mr. E. M. 

Holmes, OSEE of the Museum of the Pharmaceutical Society. 'These 
ap some further discussion of the subject necessary. 
Sisia rnit Myrrha was described by Nees from Ehrenberg’s 
specimens ere sent from Berlin for Dr. Trimer s examination. 
m CMledicimal Plants, sub. t. 60) *the whole available 
fateri] i is quite insufficient to enable a sound opinion to be formed as 
to whether B. Myrrha is a distinct ste 

Dr. Schweinfu wrth very kindly sent to Kew an — of the 
single fruit accompanying Ehrenberg’s aain and presumably be- 
longing to them. This indicates the validity of the species satisfacto actorily. 
It further leaves no doubt that the plant collected by sii ssc in 
re Yemen district may be referred with certainty to this specie 

. The fragmentary specimen collected by Captain Hunter at Ader 
^ labelled by him “true Myrrh,” also probably belongs to it (Kew 
Bulletin, 1896, p. 90). 

3. Mr. Holmes has cuitivated in a remarkable manner the apprecia- 
tion of distinctions of taste as a means of testing € faea of plants. 
Such an acquirement is simply invaluable in ue ological investiga- 
tion. Using this criterion he iscussed the subject | in the Phar- 


ery ste and a pecul 
likely to be absent in the plant itself. $ his bitter taste he finds ;— (i) 
in Schweinfurth’s specimens of B. Myrrha from Yemen ; (ii) in Captain 
Hunter’s specimens from Aden ; im) r^ Mr. M arme MS pan 


saver simplicifolim, h d been previously 5 Kew Reports” 


th has been 

may also have been easi ly some confusion as to its botanical identity. 

Professor Engler has in fact mixed up with Balsamodendron Myrrha, 
B. Playfairii, which certainly does not produce true myrrh, 


99 


Engle 

identify it with Balsamodendron Playfairii, pe source of Gum Hotai. 
In ain Ps are certainly mistaken, As stated in the Kew Bulletin 
(l.c., 87):—“ It is apparently closely allied to Balsamodendron (Com- 
miphora) Schimperi.” Holmes objects that this pee a turpentiny but not 
a bitter taste. Schweinfurth, however, regar - Schinperi (Kew 
Bulletin, 1896, p. 89) as one o of the sources of peres n myrrh. Inan 

case the origin of Somali myrrh eannot be said to be sa satisfactorily 
cleared up. “As the country is now often visited by travellers it is much 
to be desired that the plant really yielding ite myrrh may be conelneively 


determined by the collection and examination of adequate speci 
6. In the oe Bulletin (Lc. p. 91) it was i icti that B. simplici 
folium may be accepted as the source of Yemen myrrh, It since 


appears that under the names Commiphora simplicifolia, Schweinfurth 
inadvertently distributed two species :— B. Sc chimpert and B. simplici- 
folium ; the latter is now reduced by him to a variety of B. abyssinicum. 

remarks in a letter that “the simple leaves are only due to the 


he Kew 
Bulletin (l.c. p. 90), this co set yields myrrh both in the Fadhli and 
Yemen districts. Schweinfurth, however, adds in the leiter with which 
he has kindly furnished | me :—“ Fadhli myrrh is partly yielded by 
C. abyssinica as proved by M. Deflers; but a// Fadhli myrrh may not 
be yielded by it. We cannot accept this plant ss its only source. I 
did not visit the districts where myrrh is collected in Yemen; this was 
to the north of the region explored by myself. M. Deflers did visit it, 
but he did not colleet specimens of the myrrh plant there.” 

7. Whether B. abyssinicum is really a source of myrrh is not of very 
great importance as, thanks to Mr. Holmes, we seem to be on safe 
ground in accepting its old attribution to B. Myrrhc. 

W. 1.: D: 


DXLVIII.— BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN YUNNAN. 


Dr. Henry, tke well-known Chinese botanist, is now stationed in 
Yunnan, The following extract from a letter recently received from 
him gives some interesting particulars of this botanically rich region :— 


Customs, "A E Laokay, Tonking. 
1896. 


* As regards botany, e.g., this reion—on ie outskirts of which I 
was stationed at Ichang, and now am here again on another border of it 
at Mengtse—is, I ima agine, the vri interesting in the world. It is 
ev idently the headquarters of most of the genera which are rel spread 
all over Europe and Asia in great part. e geology is quite unknown 
and it is a combination of knowledge of the ancient history of the region 
geologically, and of the flora, which will = much that is obscure 
in the present distribution of species. J have told you of the immense, 
universal and peculiar den of red cut which covers Yunnan 
extending into the Shan States. This perhaps speaks of glaciation and 
perhaps it is to glacial phenomena that the present richness of the flor 
is due. 


100 


«T intend to go on collecting vigorously, and DP to rival Delavay 
‘in Yunnan. His 3000 species will be hard to beat. 

* The country immediately around Mengtse is not so very rich, as it 
‘bare of wood and water: but in all directions £t two to four days’ distance 
—— is splendid country. Ihave just had a native collecting in the 

mountains south of the Red River near the French frontier, and he has 
‘brought back from the virgin forests of a high mountain about 100 
‘interesting species, e.g., go has se Sgu ——HÜ (a genus of 
Trochodendrie) perhaps a new species, rate a variety, of the 
Hupeh plant. He has also pede me ‘undoubted wild tea. Hitherto 
‘the tea plant has been found wild only in Assam, the cases of its 
‘spontaneity recorded from China bar very doubtful. In all my trips 
in Szechwan and Hupeh I never met it. ^The present specimens are 
-above suspicion, coming from virgin forest, and at an immense distance 
from any tea cultivation, the nearest being P u-érh 200 miles west. Bret- 
‘schneider in Botanicon Sinicum part IL, p. 130, has. some remarks on 


mountains from Mengtse to Szemao. It is not matt d at all that E. 
m so far away as Assam. 
* My native also brought back some interesting ferns, pretty 
_ Cyrtandrec, &c., and some specimens in fruit of the curious Lysimachia, 
the leaves of which have a delicate but strong fragrance. They are 
used for scenting hair-oil by the Chinese. Perhaps some of the seed i is 
ripe enough for me to send to you for cultivation. ~ 
* [ have had enquiries from a London. firm about. soap trees. They 
wish to buy the fruits of these in quantity, as they have brought out 
‘some patent or other, which demands a large consumption of these fruits. 
P presume the saponin therein is the base of the patent (for washing 
fine fa Mes hair-wash, &e., perhaps). They didn't say what their 
itat d 
"A MA e number of soap-trees occur in China, and I would wriie a 
note for the Bulletin on the subject, as it is of perhaps considerable 
commercial importance, but one thing is wanting. e species of 
Gleditschia require revision. . Four are dti: inthe Zudex Fl. Sin., 
p. 208 et seg., but since then there is a new one from Hupeh and 


S. Formosa which are not yet matched with any described species 

“The chief soap-trees are Sapindus Mukorossi, Gymnocladus 
-sinensis, and all the species of ein gius except officinalis, 
Hemsley, which has a small pod only used as a drug. The fruits of 
these are very generally used in China in B of soap, and for washing 
the hair the Chinese ladies say they are superior to alkaline soaps. 

** T have tried, in vain, to get a Lolo teacher to instruct me in the 
language and teach me their method of writing, now almost gone out of 
use, if — The MSS. of the Lolos are as yet undeciphered. 

to 


or about the 8th August, a few cases having appeared in the surrounding 


101 


a day or two. The mountains he botanised over he described as lofty 
p covered with thick forest of immense trees, Bears occur there, a 
f : 


: it is not everywhere you come across plants you have not seen 
before alinost every day. The orchids are plentiful and rich in species. 
* This place is isolated in the extreme, and it takes such a time to 
receive letters. As regards stores, they come after delays of months. 
T have nearly finished all my shoes, and there are new pairs I hope 
all along the way, but they do not seem to c 
* [t is rather ver travelling about heres! as mules are cheap and 
numerous. I have just had a tent made for trips. The savage villages 
n the mountains it too dirty to stay eni even if one always found 
these queer a in the humour to take one in. hat I mean by 
o dirty’ is something awful, as I pit up quite comfortably with 
the huts of the Chinese in a im , which were comparatively clean. 
inaman is of course superior to these Shans, Lolos, Miao-tzu, 
in energy and various ihe: laudable qualities, but the Miao-tzu and 
true Lolos of the mountains have more pleasant manners in many ways, 
at bee I like their looks and way of talking. 
* Does no geologist ever dream of investigating these regions? 
Yunnan is well known for its mineral wealth. is easy enough now 
getting here from Hongkong by way of Tonkin ng." 


DXLIX.—KINO FROM MYRISTICA MALABARICA. 


An astringent, red, substance obtained from the sap of 
various trees of tropical DOLUS is known as Kino. The best medicinal 
kind which contains 75 per cent. of tannie acid comes from the Indian 
Kino tree Pterocarpus Marsupium, Roxb. while Bengal Kino is 

obtained in the form of round tears of an inten nse ruby colo our r from 


r, Malabar. 
n appearance the substance is very much like ton Ror oe from 
Pisétarpui Marsupium. It je since been examin by Professor 
Edward Schaer, of Strasburg, who has commun e an interesting 
account of it to the parcit ele Journal (ith s series, Vol. Ill. 
p. 117), from which the following extracts are taken 
« "dap or Warburg, of Berlin, has kindly forw do to me a sample 
of an extract or acoretióti resembling official Kino which with well 
known liberality had been put at his disposal by the director of the 
Royal Gardens, Kew. The sample in question labelled *Kát cred 
that is to say eutch- Tike product of jadikai (Tamil name for Myris 
and known to be produced by incisions in the bark of Myristica 
malabarica, Lam., in Southern India, showed in its aiara ap 
more direct analogy to the well-known Malabar Kino than to the * Kats 
of Acacia (Cutch) or of Uncaria (Gambier). It consisted like officinal 


102 


Kino of smaller or larger angular transparent pieces of a deep garnet 
colour in thin fragments. Tt was not altogether unlike small broken 
dragon’s-blood in some respects, and the latter name has been used 
sometimes by natives and pins for some kinds of kino (from 
terocarpus indicus and P. erina 
* Not having been acquainted ases that time with kino-like products 
from the genus Mio and following the meno of Professor 
Warburg, who was then preparing a monograp “the Myristicaceze, I 
at once proceeded to a closer examination of Men new substance, availing 
myself of the latest dieran ons concerning the natural history of the 
different kinds of kino, pue lly of the drug derived from Pterocarpus 
Marsupium (Malaber kino). ot only on its external appearance but 
also in its behaviour to prs and other solvents, the * Kát jadikai" or 
kino from Myristica malabarica agreed almost entirely with Pterocar- 
kino, giving a reddish, slightly turbid solution of feebly but 
perceptibly acid reaction to litmus paper. ‘The other physical 
qualities, for the most part proved to be the same at those rigs by 
Hanbury and Fluckiger Rates e iios H. Tet 1879, 195). 
The may also be stated concerning the more impor tant and 
characteristic roc puit reactions when cone with the chemical 
aviour of official kin 
Professor Schaer had summarises the results of his prone 
into this and some other kinds, the produce of species of Myristi 
I. The ete Lee of the bark of several Asiatic dien of M; cud 
or ree malabarica, Lam., an . fragrans, 
TO PEE and physical qualities, show but little difference 
from the official Malabar Kin 


II. These substances, which may be termed Myristica Kinos, agree 


points, with the Kino of Pterocarpus Marsupium. Tt can therefore be 
stated that drugs of a very similar character, and partly of close resem- 
blance to official kino, are to be found in the families of Leguninose 
(Butea, Pterocarpus, Millettia), | Saxifragacee ( ( Ceratopetalum), 
Myrtacee (Eucalyptus, Angophora), and Myristic acem. 

e Myristica Kino differs, as far as can be observed from the 


smaller or larger amounts of a distinctly crystalline calcium salt, viz., 
calcium tartrate, suspended in, and depositing from, the liquid juice. 
By this charaeteristic admixture it can be easily rry dii from the 
official Kino, and probably also from other Kinos of comm 
hether this new substance might ever be obtained in combination 
with the production of nutmegs and mace, so as to play the part of a 
commercial drug, will depend upon a still better knowledge of its 
qualities, its formation in the living plant, its quantitive relations, 
and similar questions. 


DL.—CULTIVATION OF COTTON IN EGYPT. 
( Gossypium barbadense, L.) 


Next to the United States and India, Egypt is one of the important 
cotton- producing countries of the world. The quantity of Egypti jan 
cotton received in this country is about 2,000,000 ewts. annually, he 


103 


quality is Eos exceptionally good, and ranks next to o VES 
Sea-island cotton of America. 

The following sketch of the history of cotton cultivation Eg ypt 
lately appeared in Journal of the Society of Arts (December 98th, 
1896, pp. 98, eii 

* Sor 


he 
reign of Mehemet Ali, in 1820. M. af who was a Frenc man n, 
remarked in the garden of one of his friends living near Cairo, certain 
cotton plants, of which the seed had been imported from the Soudan. 


He succeeded in culttrating the plant from seeds which he obtained, - 


and presented certain of them to Mehemet Ali, who, foreseeing the 
sources of wealth that the cotton might assure to the country, placed at 
the disposal of Jumel vast extents of territory, d gave him every 
facility in his enterprise. This cotton was also known by the name of 


0, after a bey in whose gardens Jumel had p ria found the 


tivated, but for a time it was replaced by a new variety called Ashmou 

This Ashmouni degenerated after 20 years - cultivation, and w 

abandoned for Mit Afifi, which at T present time is most largely 
cultivated in Egypt. Mit Afifi is a very deca variety of cotton, 
easy to grow, and does not require any very excessive irrigation. 
The colour is slightly yellow and is much appreciated by spinners. 
Another kind of cotton called Bahmieh* is grown to a limited 
extent, and this is a delicate variety requiring a stronger soil. 
It yields a whitish MOM which is particularly used for certain articles 

of hosiery. It enjoys a great reputation in the United States, while 
Franc any consume small quantities of it. The cultivation of 
the varieties sailed * white cotton” has very considerably fallen off. 
Their total annual production hardly exceeds from 60,000 to 70,000 
quintals. other varieties, such as Zafivi, Abbassi, &c., have 

been experimented with by many growers, but up to the present the 
results have not been sufficiently advanced to enabie an accurate opinion 
to be formed as to their merits. Egyptian cotton, whatever its variety, 
preserves its essential qualities, which causes it to be much ius is 

uropean and American manufacturers. As a matter of fact, 


first seeds. _ Jumel, or Mako, was for many years the only cotton cul- 
iount. 


e 
* £u 
D 
G 


its general and Aii erai consumption, has the ncn ths stre uy 
and the brilliancy necessary for the manufacture under good conditions 
of a large number of special articles. | Eg 


threads of numbers 5 to 18, and American cotton threads from 20 to 
50. The esed of Egyptian cotton are such that it finds a ready 
outlet on Euro markets, no matter what may be the production and 
prices of cotton ofc other origins. 

The following further information respecting Egyptian cotton is 
taken from the Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society, vii. 627, 
and contains notes on the use of manures for increasing coiton crops in 
the Nile Valley : 

“Tt is tothe cotton crop of the Delta that Egypt owes its prese 
financial prosperity. It covers between a third and a half of the ea, 


Pp. 
U 95709. B 


* An account of Bahmieh or Bamia Cotton is given in the Kew Report for 1877, 
26, 24. 


104 


E remainder being uncropped in the summer, but cropped with maize 
During the winter the country is an uninterrupted 
wn i 


ilow. 

* The clover is sown gH the cotton epu before they are cut, 
and gives five cuttings between November and June, requiring eight 
waterings. Maize follows during the flood, sid; after the maize, wheat. 
During the next flood maize is again sown, and is followed by clover, 
which, after two cuttings, is ploughed up to make way for cotton. 
Thus, | in three years the cultivator gets a crop of cotton, two crops of 
maize, a crop of wheat, and seven cuttings of clover. In some places 
cotton is grown every other year, the intermediate crops being wheat, 
maize, and clover. On the large estate which formed the ‘ Domains’ of 


ai ha, and is now managed by a board on behalf of his creditors, 
ihe maize cropping is generally omitted, and the land is given two 
fall od-time the course of thr ears. Maize is almost 


invariably manured. Cotton follows clover and is commonly unma- 
nured. But the Domains administration has found that, by the use of 
manure, at least 200 Ib. can be added to the produce per acre, and the 
practice of top-dressing is Jenae . It may be safely concluded 
that two-thirds of the De lta—or one and three-quarters million 
acres—receive manure annually.” 


DLI.— PAPAIN. 
(Carica Papaya, L.) 


The papaw tree is one of the commonest objects in tropical countries. 
The fruit cultivated is pear- or almond-shaped, 7-15 in. long, yellow 
when ripe, and often eaten as a delicacy. The milky inis is well known 
to render meat tender, and even the leaves are sometimes used for that 
purpose. This milky juice contains a ferment which has a solvent 
action upon albuminoid substances, and, like pepsin, curdles milk. It 
is, however, not so active as pepsin 

Inquiry has been made as to the preparation of papain for commerce 
in our tropical possessions. The demand is, however, extremely small. 
A small factory already exists in the island of Montserrat, as recorded 
in the Kew Bulletin (1891, p. 120), the output of which, with an 
increased Pam. sei ta be much increased. 

icle Agricultural Ledger, 1896, No. 31 
(Medica d Chemical Series), issued by the Reporter on ‘Economic 

Product he Government of India, the following particulars are 

given apes the properties and preparation of papain in India :— 


Un 


ron on gr^ Juiee of Carica Papaya from Gondal, Kathiawar, 
HN C. UMNEY, with a Review of the Recent Literature 
fed the ‘Subject, by D. ie F.C.S. 


The Carica Papaya tree is so well known and established in India 
that it seems desirable to set forth what authentic information we 


105 


powes ss on the remarkable properties of the plant, „A vast amount has - 
recently been written on the action of the “ “< vegetable pepsin ” contained 
in the juice that abounds in the unripe fru 
igestive action of the juice Ass meat was probably inasa 
in the West Indies at a very early date, and appears to have Þeen com- 
municated to the inhabitants of this country upon the M of 


the tree by the Por — as it has long been the custom ndia to 
render eus tender by rubbing it with the juice of ts: fruit or by 
wrapping it in the leaves, In the old “ History of Barbados” by 


Griffith igi the MO quaintly informs us that * this juice is of so 
penetrating a nature that if the unripe peeled fruit be boiled with the 
toughest old salted meat, it quickly makes it soft aud tender ; and if 
pigs be fed with the fruit, especially unripe, the thin mucous matter 
which coats the inside of tha intestine is attacked, and, if the food be 

nehanged, is completely destroyed." ‘The author of the Makhzan-el- 
adhoigas (1770) described the tree in his day, and mentions the use o 
the Liuen mixed with ginger, for making meat tender. 

n 1877, the milky juice of the Carica me to attract attention in 
epe as a dige ferment, and Herr Wittmack, of Berlin, in 1878 
made a careful pest of its properties and came to the following 
conclusions respecting it : 

(1) The milky juice of the Carica Papaya is (or contains) a ferment 

has an extraordinarily energetic action upon nitrogenous 
substances, and like pepsin curdles milk ; (2) this juice differs from 
pepsin in being active without the addition of. free acid, probably it 
contains a small quantity, and further it operates ata higher tempera- 
ture (about 60° to 65° C.) and in a miis time (5 minutes at most); 
(3) the filtered juice differs chemically fro m pepsin in that it gives no 
precipitate on boiling and further that it is precipitated by mercuric 
chloride, iodine, and all the mineral acids ; (4) it resembles pepsin in 

eing precipitated by neutral acetate of lead, and not giving a 
precipitate ich sulphate of copper and perchloride of iron (Pharm. 
Journ., Nov. 30th 8). 

r. Geissler, experimenting in the same direction, found that papain 
could dissolve 28 times its weight of coagulated albumen, while pepsin 
dissolved 100 times its own weight. 

In 1879 Dr. Theodor Peckolt, of Brazil, made a very complete 
analysis of the fruit, leaves and seeds of Carica Papaya, and he found 
papayotin in nearly every part of the ansa plant, besides other organic 
constituents which he separated and estimated. 

Dr. Sidney Martin of London was ail next to investi igate t he peculiar oo 
principle of abe fruit. He showed in 1886 — of Physiology) : 

that papain w oteolytie ferment which acts ilarly to 
trypsin. aren! ments performed with meat fibrin at whit te of egg 
showed that slight digestion takes place when the liquid is faintly acid, 


neutral or alkaline solutions, and occurs most readily at a tempera- 
ture between 35° and 40^ Fahr. The results of the digestion a 
peptones, leucine, and tyrosine, and an EE globulin-like 
substance similar to that formed i in pancreatic digesti 

In the author’s second paper on the same ubjedk the ferment i in 
papaw juice is shown. to be associated with an albumose, and to give 
the following reactions in addition to those previously "described by 
MAR :— Ihe solution oe a biuret reaction, and it is precipitated from 

neutral solution of sodium, magnesium sulphate or sodium chloride 
sea as globulins are. de is soluble in glycerol, and if precipitated 


106 


from this solution by alcohol, the filtrate has no proteolytic ponen 
The kind of albumose is one nearly akin to the protalbumose of Kü 

and Chittenden, and is called a-phytalbumose. Papaw juice also dontálns 
a milk-curdling ferment. The proteids present in papaw juice were 
found to be as follows :— 

(1. Globulin, resembling serum globulin in its most important 
properties, 

(2. Albumin. 

(3.) 8-phytalbumose precipitated pial quse by heat, by satura- 
tion with neutral salts, but not by dialysis. It differs from the hete- 
roalbumose of Kühne and Chittenden, p not -— precipitated by 
dialysis, xad copper sulphate, or by mercuric chloriae 

(4.) a-phytalbumose; soluble in cold or boiling water ; ew precipi- 
tated by tton with neutral salts, except in an acid solution. This 
is the vegetable peptone referred to by Vines c» Ph idl vie m 
hemialbumose. It differs from the protalbumose of Kühne 
Chittenden by its non-precipitation by sodium chloride or by Sher 
sulphate. Both these albumoses give the biuret r 

Nop eptones occur in the j juice, but leucine nid tyrosine st present. 
By a series of digestion experiments carried out on each of these pro- 
teids by papain in a neutral liquid, it was found that “both ‘he globulin 
and albumen are changed into £-phytalbumose, and that this becomes a 
peptone-like substance, and forms leucine and tyrosine. The a — 
bumose becomes a similar peptone-like substance, leucine and tyrosin 
being formed. This peptone-like substance, resembles the deu An 
bumose of Kühne and Chittenden, except that a solution of it when 
rendered acid by celle acid in the presence of sodium chloride, does not 
become cloudy on warning. No true peptones are formed. Probably 
digestion in the plant itself is very slow, as much more liquid was used 
in the experiments than is present in the pe The seem fornia 
probably the circulating proteid in the plan 

Carica which are "ny to make meat tender when 
pu are wrapped round it for some time, were discovered by Dr. Greshoff 
in 1891 to possess an alkaloid named carpaine. Dr. Van Rijn further 
investigated the alkaloid in 1893, but did not attribute to it any diges- 
tive property. The quantity of carpaine separated from the leaves was 
0°: 


On the evidence of the medical, physiological, and chemical experi- 
ments made upon C. Papaya the active principle has been separated and 
given the name of papain or papayotin. It is now an article of com- 
merce in Europe for medical purposes ; it has been extensively used in 
France and Germany, and has been given with good results even to 
children. 

Notwithstanding all the experiments on the vegetable ferment in 
question, it seems not to have been received with confidence by the 
medical profession in England, and it has not been introduced into the 


Regart ding - aspect of the case two important papers have recently 
been written. Dr. S. Rideal of St. George's Hospital, London (Pharm. 
_ Journ., August LIB) endeavoured to make out a good case for papain, 

and at ttributed unfavourable results to the mistake of supposing that 


107 


papain should be tested under the same conditions that hold good : dd 
sin. Dr. Rideal noticed that papain differs from pepsin in so far 

the former acts fairl well in an alkaline solution, while the latter dies 
not, and more debe, Monto that the proportion of fluid to albumen must 
be "ipe. Js the case of papain than is required with pepsin. Mr, 
D. B. Dott, F.I.C., in the more recent article (Pharm. Journ., Marc 
1896) records some experiments from which he adduced the following 
conclusions : 

1. That dried papain juice, and the papain prepared from it by purifica- 
tion and precipitation have bs little solvent action on albumen, either 
in alkaline or acid solution 


2. That commercia papain has not nearly the solvent action on am 
men which is possessed by pepsin, «i TAN t has a disintegrating an 
special action of its own on animal ti 

During the course of Mr. Dott’s WM the prenens of pepsin 
was zagpecied à in one of the samples of commercial papai 

next question that seems desirable to settle is tha preparation of 

ciiin rciai papain. If, as it has been suggested, the papain is liable to 
sophistication with pespin or other subtances, it is impossible to arrive 
at any satisfactory results with regard to its digestive action. Then, 
again, the preparation in this country of the juice for the market has not 
perhaps received a sufficient amount of attention. It should be known 
that the juice in every case must be collected from wnripe fruits, As 
prolonged moisture is deleterious to the ferment, the juice should be 
s soon as possible, and, as heat will destroy its activity, it should 


en 
filter off the insoluble matter, and dry it at the ordinary temperature of 
the atmosphere. After being bw dóred it should be kept in well- 
stoppered bottles ready for use 
he following notes on the collection va specimens of papain in 
India by the Reporter on Economic Products and the results of their 
examination in London wiil be read with Hitebest They show what 
varied activity the samples may possess if not Sicil collected and 


o 
carefully the precautions just enumerat On account of caste diffi- 
culties, it would be impossible to introduce pepsin very largely into use 

in this country, but where a vegetable substance is available every ah 
should be made to increase our knowledge of it and to understand i 
action and pecie of manufacture and administration. 

In May 1894, Mr. M. J. Bharwada, Agricultural Assistant, Gondal, 
Kathiawar, serit to the reporter on economic produets three 
samples of PON obtained from the juice of the fruit of the Papaw 
tree. These were (1) the precipitate from the milk juice made by 
Mo S sjh alcohol ; (2) the p occa from the same juice by addition 


tied spirit ; and (3 )t ied and powdered juice. The speci- 
mens were forwarded to Mr. E. M. pie Vire) of Museum of the 
Pharmaceutical Society, who was asked t e them tested and re- 


ported upon with reference to their enim ‘vale as Bee for 
pepsine. Mr. Ernest J. Easters, F.L.C., was kind enough to examine 
them, but he stated that they &nivéd in such a bad condition that not 
one of the samples was found to have any disturbing action on milk; 
the er of milk is a very characteristic property of the ferment of 
papaya juie i i i 


108 


Subsequently Mr. Bharwada made a second collection of products of 
Carica for examination, consisting of 12 ounces of the dried powder 
obtained from the juice, and a small quantity of papain prepared with 
alcohol. ese were forwarded to the Curator of the Pharmaceutical 
Society who kindly placed them in the hands of Mr. J. C. Umney, 
.C.S., for investigation. From Mr. Umney’s experiments it would 
seem that a highly active ferment might be manufactured from the 
crude juice by repeated purification by alcohol. The attention of all 
those who are interested in the subject should be drawn to this method 
of preparation, 


E 


Report on a Sample of Powder of the mira 2 uice of Carica Papaya, 
from Gondal, Kathia 
sample was in coarse powder, of a any yellow colour, and 
possessed a ie somewhat unpleasant odou 
s dissolved in water and direciipitated by absolute myer 
yielded 4° 2 pu mes of crude Papain, after drying at ordin 
temperature over sulphuric acl 
o> The igasi power of this purified product was then tested on moist 
egg albumen, at a temperature o 38° — 39? C. in neutral acid and 
alkaline solutions using the following proportions :— 
10 grammes of egg cra 
0:1 


3 papat 
90 «6 Distil lled wate 
0:1 grammes Bicarbonate of Sodium for Alkaline. 
Fe ÇU - Hydrochloric acid B.P. for acid. 
Digested in 30 minutes. 

Neutral - - 12°03 per cent. 

Alkaline  - - 13°72 pa 

Acid - - 12°07 5 


These results indicate that the digestive activity in neutral and acid 
solutions is almost identieal, whilst in alkaline solutions it is somewhat 
reater. 
5 'These results were compared with a well-known commercial Papain, 
proceeding on exactly similar lines, the results obtained being as 
under :— 
Digested in 30 minutes. 


Neutral - - e FEDI 
Alkaline - - =< if 459. 
Acid - = = 20°70, 


The greater activity in acid than neutral anes alkaline solution is the 
principal point of difference between this brand of Papain and other 
commercial samples of papains and kane riis; papaw juice, and has 
been the subject: of c sid betwee n differ ent poe rs. The 


appears to be bad. 
I have examined ir ral samples of commercial papains, and the re- 
sults have been similar in every respect, and it may be noted that they 


accord well with those pens by Dott ( P. J., 3rd Series, xxiv., 758, 
199). 

here is no doubt that by repeated precipitation by alcohol a highly 
active digestive product might be obtained from this crude concentrated 
papaw juice valuable for use under those circumstances where pepsin is 
unavai 


e. 
JOHN C. UMNEY. 


109 


qe DLIL—MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. ^ ^ 


R. GWYNNE VAUGHAN, who had for the previous two years been 
erg: in the Jodreli Laboratory of the Royal Gardens, has been 

ted an Assistant to the Regius Professor of Botany in the 
iS ivenita of Glasgow 


Mn. W. H. Lane, Lecturer in Botany, Queen Margaret College, has 
been engaged during last year at the Jodrell Laboratory of the Royal 
Gardens in an investigation into the relation existing between variability 
in the fern plant a nd apogamy in the protha llus. This led to the 
interesting discovery of the occasional occurrence of sporangia on the 
atter. The results were communicated to the Royal Society, and 
published in the Proceedings for November last (Vol. 60, pp. 250-260). 


West India Commission.—In consequence of the depend, condition 
of the West India Colonies a Royal Commission has’ recently “been 
appointed, as published in the following announcement :— 

The, Queen has been pleased to appoint General Sir Henry Wylie 
Norman, G.C.B, G.C.M.G., CLB: ( Vates 1 Sir Edward Grey, 

art., M.P., and Sir David Barbour, KO. S.L, e Commissioners to 
inquire into the conditions and brothas of the West India sugar-growing 
Colonies, and Mr. Sidney Olivier, B.A., to be their Secretary ; Daniel 

orris, Esq., D.Sc., C.M.G., yy sistant: Director of the Royal Gardens, 
Kew, will accompany the Commission as: Expert Adviser in botanical 
and sgrion ora, Questio ns. ái 
y he reference to the Commission were as ea £— 
. * To inquire yx the condition and prospects of the lies. of 
Jamaica, British pogi Fry and Tobago, Bar Vue Grenada, 
St. Vince nt, St. Luc cia, ty Leeward dimer and of the sugar 


th 
abaridonment of sugar cultivation e re are other industries which 
could be prosecuted with success, and whieh would find adequate 


used by the extinction of the sugar industry could be met by 
economies in the administration without imperial aid. ^" 


tanical Magazine for January.—The plants figured mc 
tolochia clypeata, Cynoglossum nervosum, Berkheya Adlami, Crot 
Eluteria, and Big mre ia buccinatori oria. , The figure of the last-mentioned 
imen th Ha 


nbarv. 
J^ 


110 


and of the others from plants in cultivation at Kew. The Aristolochia, 
native of New Gre — is allied t o A. DER but the flowers are 


& Co., of St. Alban's, in 1892. The gd aei. the largest flowered 
of the Himalayan species, was raised from seeds sent to Kew by Mr. 
J. F. Duthie, in 1894. Berkheya Adlami is a new species from the 
Transvaal. R. W. Adlam, Esq., of Johannesberg, forwarded seeds to 
Kew in 1895, and these produced plants which flowered in June 1396. 
The Croton is of considerable commercial interest as the source of 
* Cascarilla Bark." The species, native of the Bahamas, was reintro- 
duced into Rilos in 1887, when three plants were sent to Kew by 
F. B. Taylor, Sek of the Bahamas. Bignonia buceinatoria, from 
Central Mexi has large, e flowers. It is figured in the 
Botanical Register as D. Che: 


p————— 


ical Magazine for February—Myrmecodia Antoinii, Mazil- 
laria sanderiana, Ligustrum coriaceum, Paracaryum heliocarpum, 
and Henipilia amethystina are figured. The Myrmecodia, native of 
the islands of Torres Straits, is a singular rubiaceous plant, which has 
its stem very nitiok enlarged at the base (see Kew Bulletin, 1897, 


} i 

January 1896. Mavillaria sanderiana is probably the finest species 
‘of the genus. Itis a vs of teni where it grows at an altitude 
of 4,000 feet. The Japanese Ligustrum was drawn from a plant sent 
to Kew by Mr. Rashleigh, of Menabilly, in 1889. "The Paracaryum is 
a West Himalayan species, which flowered in the Herbaceous Ground 
in May of last year, seeds havin ded sent to Kew by J. F. Duthie, 
Esq., F.L.S., Director of the Botanical "eani of Northern India. 
The "Hemipilia i is a new species from Burma, and was sent to Kew 
Messrs. W. L. Lewis & Co., of Southgate. 


Supplement to the Index Kewensis.—It is sess suis to we able to 
announce that M. Th. Durand and Mr. B. Daydon ackson e made 
arrangements for printing their 10 years’ REDE to e Index 
Kewensis, which will bring the work down to the end of the year 1895. 
It is hoped it may be issued during the present year. 


Bambusee of British India.— The publication of Mr. Gamble's 
} 


India. He has enti a this’ with the ‘towing interesting note 
“The following account of the Indian Bambusee is drawn up, "adidas 
verbatim, Qe T Ga mble’s ‘Bamboos of British India, | which forms 


part of vol. vi 
Calcutta, and of which Dr: r. King favoured ue with a ae in Hrane 


ited 
en obliged to curtail the Dudes And in order to preserve the 
oblige of matter adopted in this work, L have had to substitute 


111 


I have added nothing; for it obvious that a botanist of 
Mr, Gamble’s ability and wide esieriéhdo 80 bmp of the Indian 
Bamboos in their native forests, having acce o the unrivalled 
collections in the Herbarium of the Caleutta Gide, should. have 
exhausted the bet in so far as materials were available. It must not 
‘be supposed that this work supersedes his ‘Bamboos of British India, 
which is indispensable to the student of the tribe, by reason of its fuller 
descriptions, and admirable [even and analyses. My cordial thanks are’ 
directly due to Dr. King and Mr. Gamble for this generous contribution 
the ‘Flora of British India,’ and indirectly for the authentieally named: 
collection of specimens corresponding to Mr. Gamble’s descriptions, 
which has been presented by the Government of India to the Herbarium 
of the Royal Gardens, Kew. 

* Since the above was written, Mr. Freeman Mitford’s The Bamboo 
Garden has appeared, a work replete with valuable observations upon 
- habit, mode of growth, and other characters of the hardy 'epétidicae 

mboo ‘(including 5 caper cultivated by him. In it is pointed out 
(i Arundinaria Simoni, p. 60) for the first time the true characters of 
the two types of dicam - and blade that occur in Bambusee, and which 
do not obtain, so far as I know, in any other tribe of e ses. Ina 
communication which Mr. Mitford has been good enough to make to me 
on this subject he has formulated his views as follows, and has kindly 
allowed me to introduce them here. 

“ The sheath is an organ playing so important a part in the life of the 
bamboo that it deserves som ething more than a cursory notice. In the 
grasses i the sheath is regarded by botasiste as taking the place 
of the petiole of the leaf. It happens, however, that the leaves of most 
pom mei of all the hardy bamboos—have a distinct continuation 
of the midrib of the leaf attaching it to the sheath and articulated, which 
pede aBer EA might perhaps be correctly termed a petiolule. The 
bamboos, as it appears, bear sheaths of two types. There is first of all 
the series of sheaths which, borne one on each node and wrapped tightly 
round the culm or branch, às the case may be, protect it during growth. 
This form of sheath is divided or split transversely into two members, 
the ligule and the limbus or blade, the latter being what I would term a 
pseudophyll, or false leaf, sessile, lacking both midrib and berigte 

varying in size in the different species, but always the first part to wither 
and disappear. In some bam boos—those of the ie rectc — 
this sheath falls away as soon as branching takes place; in ot 
the Arundinaria group, it remains, and having guarded the iy iR 
growth of the parent culm or branch it springs aside with the youn 
branches or branchlets, devot pert M remainder of its life to their 
protection until they can stand a 

“Then there is the second Anh of sheath bearing a true leaf with 
petiole and midrib, This is the form assumed by the twe, three, or four 
es at the top of each culm branch and branchlet above the topmost 

where ME ends. This true leaf is persistent upon the 
bes: The ligule is present, as in the first type, but the deciduous 
peeudophy Il is «Andi by an evergreen lea 
** An interesting qnestion arises as to whether there is any transition 
stage between the two types of blade, or whether the change is always 
sudden, I think that in many Bamboos I can trace such a transition 
stage; that is to say, that each successive pseudophyll on the stem 
U 95709. 


112 


ecomes more and more like a true leaf, something of the nature of an 
arrested midrib being perceptible in the pseudophylls which are found 
near the top of the culm, though it is not until the last. branching node 
has been passed that the true leaf- deitas sheaths occur. The principle 
remains inviolate (throughout the hardy species at any rate), and the 
distinction between the two classes of sheaths is absolutely maintained," 

—4A. B.F. 

*I would remark in conclusion that Mr. Mitford's Uaec 
extending to the nervation of the leaves of Bamboos , lead him to the 
conclusion that of those cultivated by him in the open air in the middle 
of England, the truly hardy only have tessellated leaves; the tender 
such as Arundinaria Falconeri and XC mE having very inconspicuous 
transverse nervules, or none."—-J. D 


Insular Floras.—Amongst recent additions to the library bearing 
upon this subject the Toyang are worthy of note. The Flore de l'Ile 
Dr. E. Jacob de Corde 


rogams deus io ,156, of which 372 are monocotyledons. The 

with most representatives is Orchidew, with 172 species, including 
many eurious novelties described by Mons. Ch. Frappier, specimens of 
some of which have been presented to the Herbarium by Dr. Cordemoy. 
Next to the Orchides in point of numbers come the Graminez with 94 
species. 

L'Archipel de la peaa Calédonie, by Dr. Aug. Bernard, 
contains a complete account of the islands of this group, including two 
chapters devoted to a ceri account of the vegetation, which is said to 
comprise 2,026 phanerogams and 965 cryptogams and to be the richest 
flora amongst those of the Pacific Archipelagos. 

“ s ven Fernandez, by Dr. F. Johow, contains in addition to 

an enum l n account of the geographical and 
guoligital: eroe of the arcbipelago. 


New Guinea Plants.—Sir W. MacGregor, K.C.M.G., has presented a 
collection of plants made on Mount Scratehley, by Mr. A. Guilianetti, 
at "rm re. from 4,000 to 13 000 feet. At the higher pre 


oki troublesome to agriculturalists in Assam (see Kew Bulletin, 
1896, p. 63). A second collection, presented Sy Messrs. Veitch, was 
by Mr. Burke between the coast and a height of 4,000 ft. on the 
Owen Stanley range in the south- ait peninsula. The plants in this 
collection are of a tropical type and include a curious new species of 
nia. 


113 


Vanilla cultivation in the Seychelles.—In continuation of informa- 
tion that has already appeared in the Kew Bulletin, 1892, 111 (with 
late), the following particulars have been com mmunicated to t 

establishment by the ‘Secretary of State for the Colonies :—- 


ADMINISTRATOR OF SEYCHELLES to COLONIAL OFFICE. 


Government House, oe 
Sr, September 25 
I mave the honour to report that the rezult of the Vanilla crop 

for this year is most satisfactory. The crop up to the present (it is not 
quite all gathered) is returned at 40,000 Ibs., and has realised over half 
a million of rupees 

The prices have been exceptionally high owing, I am told, to a re- 
duced exportation of Vanilla from Mexico. Seychelles Vanilla is now 
well and favourably known both in the London and Paris markets 


I have, &c. 
(Signed) H. Cocsnuny Ed 
To the Right Hon. istrator. 
JOSEPH CHAMBERLAIN, M.P., 
&e. &c. 


Extracr from Colonial Reports. Annual. No. 182. Seychelles. 
Annual Report for 1895, p. 9. 


Next to cocoanut oil, Vanilla is our most important produce, and in a 
good year the crop gives a return of about Rs. 400,000. Un -— rtunately, 
vanilla is a most ec HESS pan and, whereas we m good 
crop for two consecutive years, we may "have also three, or 'evii four, 
years without any fob at all. 


Botanic Station, Old Calabar.— The following is an extract from a 
letter received from Mr. John Henry Holland, whose appointment as 
Assistant ecce of the Botanic Station in md 2 iger Coast Protectorate 
was announced in the Kew Bulletin, 1896, p. 1 

«The ss are well situated, on rising mae covering altogether 
about 45 acres. This includes a large area planted wit ‘small 
proportion with cacao, whilst mtem grounds and nursery occupy 
the ME part. "There is, I can assure you, plenty to do. 

arters are good, situated Gonvenienty | in the gardens, on a hill 
edt 100 feet high. We have not a very extensive view of the 
surrounding country, being partly enclosed with dense bush. e can, 
however, see Duke Tow n at the foot of the hill, and catch a glimpse 
of the I with an cde iil sight of a steamer passing by to the 
anchora 


Spanish Chestnut.— The cultivation of the Spanish chestnut has now 
got gm the experimental stage in Bashahr. Some of the trees 
planted 15 years ago are now 30 feet high and four feet in girth. 


114 


Fresh plants have been put out and others distributed to villagers. 
The present yield of nuts amounts to about 10 maunds. (Progress: 
Report of Forest Administration in the Punjab for 1894-5, p. 14). 


Kei-Apple as a Hedge Plant.—-This repe South African plant 
(Aberia Caffra, Harv. & Sond.) a member of the Annatto Order 
(Bixinez) is armed with long spines and Mus excellent hedges. Ttis 
evergreen and bears fruits like small yellowish apples. When fresh 
they are acid and ae as a pickle; when ripe they make a good jam. 
The Waikato Times of New er recommends the Kei-apple as 
a ce cres in the fokii term 

“ One is always hearing dieit d i qus of the paucity of good 
jante Ed for hedge purposes. This harbours the wheat rust or 
the leech, but dies out in patches, while another would be admirable 
— vis cows not so fond of it. This being so, the thanks of the 
nity are due to Mr. A. Tempest, of Parnell, for his enterprise in 
introduding id propagating the ‘Kei Apple.’ It was Sir George Grey, 
believe, who first mentioned the shrub, which grows wild upon the 


hedge plant. It is a sturdy, stocky, short-jointed T, an evergreen, 
and with thorns which grow to ere inches 1 ng and oret, and erfect 
terror to evil doers, be they beasts or hum s n added 


the female pla wed rwn are of both sexes) fruit heavily, 
bearing in | great quantity yellow plum-shaped fruit, the size of a green 
gage, which are both pleasant peer and make an exquisite jam. 
Orchardists would do well to bear this shrub in mind when pla nting.” 
To this the eat He a is added in the Agricultural Journal 
of the bed of Goo 


Dr. J. R. Roth.—In consequence of a misreading of the name of the 
collector of a collection of plants made in Abyssinia and presented to Kew 
by the Honourable East iin Company, and the consequent writing of 


this name— Rohr r—on all the labels accompanying the plants, some 
confusion has arisen. Several planis supposed ud be named after the 
comet ims the spurious n Dr. J. R. Roth was the real collector. 


ached as ies trang s a mission sent ix the British Govern- 
ment, "n Wait to Sáhela Selassie, the King of Shoa, in Southern 


Abyssinia. Mr. W. Corn 

* Highlands of ZEthiopia," was at the head of the mission, and in 
book he speaks very highly of Dr. Roth, who contributed the appendix 
on the natural history of the country. Dr. Roth had previously 
travelled in Egypt, Arabia, end Syria, with Drs. Schubert and Erdl. 
Subsequently he became gne of N Natural History at Munich, and 
in 1858 he made another journey to the East, but soon succumbed t to 
mu on das route from Beyruth o Mount in d 


ten 
Sh ches 
E: 


Clavaria kewensis, Mass. 


"dix 


Chitonia rubriceps, C&M. 


es 5 ETE 


f 


Flammula purpurata ,C.&M. Botrytis corollipena ,C.&M.x 200. 


Wyman & Sors !* 1 23 ). 07 


ROYAL GARDENS, KEW. 


BULLETIN 


OF 


MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 


No. 124.] APRIL. [1897. 


DLIII.—MYCOLOGIC FLORA OF THE ROYAL 
GARDENS, KEW 


The area of the Royal Gardens is a little more than 250 acres. If 
some adjacent pieces of Royal property are thrown in the total is some 
300 acres, or nearly half a square mile. Taken with the Old Deer Park 
to the south, the whole space is singularly isolated, bounded as it is oa 
three sides by the bend of the river sweeping round from Kew to 
Richmond, and on the other by the high road between these two places. 

Of the Royal Gardens themselves some 100 acres is little disturbed by 
a kind of cultivation, a d it has UT remained so for at least a 
century and a half. Som Mole never possibly have been 
subjected to cultivation at all. It is no ib ont ng therefore that in the 
reri d of korticnitiral treatment there still subsists a wild fauna and 

ra of no inconsiderable dimensions. This, as opportunity offers, it is 


to work out and catalogue from time to time. 
Nicliohion, A.L.S., the present Curator, enumerated the flowering plants 
ceeurring spontaneously i in the Journal of Botany for 1875. striking 


peculiarity of this list “is the very small number of nataralised 
exotics.’ 

lier the case of Fungi, as will be sean from the following enumeration 

Mr. G. Massee, F.L.S., Principal Assistant in the Herbarium, t the ease 
is iis different. 

The following euumeration of 337 genera and 1340 "oce io d 
the richness of the Mycologie Flora of the Royal Garden ich far 
surpasses in point o of numbers, as also in the variety a rare te onem, 
ing species, any other record for an equal are 

This is pe — what would be icc iE when the large annual 
influx of pla o Kew from all quarters of the globe is taken into 
voir Sus ang es this means microscopic fungi, parasitic or saprophytic 
on plants, are introduced in a living condition on the various ea 
whereas the higher forms belonging to the Agaricinee and 
Gastromycetes are usually introduced along with soil, or frequently on 
the trunks of tree-ferns, either in the form of spores, or in an 
ae ra condition. 

It worthy of note that the Polyporee and Thelephoree, so 
abundant in tropical regions, are absent from the list as introduced 


u 98272. 1875.—8/ 97. Wt. 6k E. & S. A 


116 


As illustrative of the exotic element may be mentioned Z77iatula 
Wynnie, Berk. and Broome, first described (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 
1879, p. 206), from specimens found in a stove in the (ardens; this 
species has weii roe pores 2 the neighbourhood of Brisbane, 
where it is not u and e luminous, emitting a pale 
green light. It is hed. by Cooke iior. Brit. Fung., pl. 688). 


rpurata, Cke. rcm a very beautiful fungus, was 

established posed ei , 73) from specimens growing on the trunk of a 
tree-fern in on the fern- cpm and has since been received from 

New Zealand, iis undoubted home. Aserde rubra, La Bill., the most 


beautiful of the many quaint forms belonging to the Gaster omycetes, a 
native of aes also occurred in a stove, some time vie to the 
year 186 specimens arc at present in the Herbariu e = nus 
Chitonia, bera cem only four known species, is re dein esented Ci 
rubriceps, Cke. & Mass. (Grev., xv., 57), found on soil in the T od 
House, but although a typical member of an exotic genus, no clue as to 
its native habitat has yet been obtained. 

Coming to microscopic forms, we find that the list contains a still 
greater per-centage cf introduced ‘Species, i.e, species new tothe British 
list, and growing on exotic plants. The enus Phoma heads the list 
with 107 species, of which above three-fourths have been met with only 
at Kew, so far as the British Isles are concerned, and of these above 
thirty were first established from Kew material by Dr. Cooke, who 


Not a single example, however, ofa parasitie fungus, that has proved 
to be destructive to plants, has been introduced to Europe through 
w. 
grounds-—are 
fewer than would be expected, with the falli ig notable exceptions. — 
In pr genus Russula eh A species have been observed during the 
last ten years, out of a total of sixty-one British Species. The large 
size id brilliant erie of most species belonging to this genus 


summer and early autumn. Another genus containing species of. 
sufficient size and brilliancy of colour to attract popular attention is 
Boletus, which numbers twenty-six species. 

A fairly good collection of specimens of fungi, along with models and 
drawings, are exhibited in No. 2 Museum. 

d of thanks is due to the members of the Garden staff, 
interested in Mycology, for the discovery of numerous species, which, 
but for their zeal, would not have —€— in the present lis 

The host-plant, or matrix, on which each fungus occurred, has been 
given, and also the locality for the prem species “that are likely to occur 
again. Finally, naer have been added, indicating the edible and 
poisonous species of the “i also the parasitic species that are 
known to be destructive to plants. 

The species of bt re occurring at Kew are given in an 
Appendix at the en 

Explanation of the abbreviations used :— 

A. Arboretum ; 

B. Botanie Garden ; 

P. Palace and Herbarium Grounds ; 
Q. Queen's Cottage Grounds, 


117 


BASIDIOMYCETES. 
Hymenomycetes. 
AGARICINEA, 
Amanita, Fries. Lepiota—cont. 


A. virosa, Fries, 
Among grass. Poisonous. A. 


M d 11 inches across. A., 


A. Mappa, Batsch, 
Under beeches, A. 
A. aeree Fries. 
A dangerous species. It has 
rove 


cs is exhibited in No. 2 
Museum. 
A. muscaria, L. 

A large, showy fungus, the cap 
when expanded often as large 
as a dinner-plate, brilliant 
crimson with white spots 

ery poisonous. Q. 
A. rubescens, Pers. 


Edible, flavour mild; the flesh 
ed 


pantherina, which is poison- 
ous. 4. 
A, pantherina, DC. 

Under trees. Poisonous. The 
flesh remains Er white 
when broken. A. 

A, spissa, Fries. 

Under beeches. A. 


Edible, api very delica 
Colour of cap variable, zy 
buff, orange, or white. A., 
Lepiota, Fries. 
L. procera, Scop. 


Edible. Popularly known as 
the parasol mushroom, on 
o 


times very large, a specimen 
from the Arboretum had a 


stem 16 inches long, <a 


L. ARMES Vitt. 
Edible; similar in flavour and 
appearance to L. procera. Q. 
Var. puellaris, Fries. A. 
L, excoriata, Schaef. 
Edible. 
L. eee oe Vitt. 
Edible 
L. Badhami, pm & Broome. 
UnderSequoia sempervirens. A. 


L. clypeolaria, Bull. A. 
L. cristata, Fries. A. 
L. cepsestipes, Sow. 
On soil in conservatory. 
Var. cretaceus, Bull. 
In a stove 
L. licmophora, Berk. $ Broome. 
On soil in n fane a 
elegant fungus, a ve of 
Ceylon, established by "Berks: 
ey and Broome (Journ. Linn. 
Soc., Bot. xi., 500); figured 
in Cooke's Jilustr. Brit. 
Fungi, pl. 1179. 
L. carcharia, Pers. 
Under Pinus sylvestris. A, 
L. granulosa, Batsch. 
Under Pinus sylvestris. A: 
L. martialis, Che. & Mass. 
On palm stem in Palm house. 
L. ianthina, Che. 
On soil in a stove. 
L. felina, 7^ 
. On the duy zt 


118 


Armillaria, Fries. 

A. mellea, Vahl. 
On the ground, round reots of 
trees. å destructive parasite, 


been injured near the base of 
the trunk. When the disease 
is once established, the cord- 

spawn 


is attacked in iurn Edible, 
but lacking flavour. A., B., Q. 
A, Citri, /nzeng. 


On stump. B. 
Tricholoma, Fries. 

T. portentosum, Fries. 
Under trees. A. 

E. ie P Fries. 
Under trees. Q. 

T. albo-brunneum, Pers. 
Under trees. A. 

T. rutilans, we d 
Onstumps. B. 

T. imbricatum, Fries. 
Under trees. A. 

T, terreum, Fries. 
Under trees. Q. 

T. saponaceum, Fries 
On the ground. A. and B. 

T, sulfureum, Bull. 
On the ground. A., P. 


T. album, Schaef. 
Among grass under trees. A.,Q. 
T. duracinum, Che. 

Under beeches. First observed 
ra 49 
Brit. Fung., pl. 640). 

T. personatum, Fries. 


Among grass. Edible. One 
of tne few species which, in 


Tricholoma —cont. 
common 


** Blue-caps.” 
T. nudum, Jes. 
Among grass. 
ferred by some 
ersonatum, 
much resembles : 
Var. major, Che. A. 
T. melaleucum, Fries. 

On the naked ground. A., B. 
birk porphyroleucum, Fries. 


Edible ; pre- 
people to 
which it 
A 


T. brevipes, Bull. 
On the ground, A. 
T. humile, Fries. 
On heaps of dead leaves. A. 
T. sordidum, 7 
On heaps ot dead leaves. 
T. Pes-capre, Schaeff. 
On the ground under beeches, A. 
T. circumtectum, Che. & Mass. 
Under beeches. First found 
in the gardens in 1886, and 
afterwards in abundance in 
Hdbh., ed. 
1l, 382; Ilustr. Brit. Fung., 
pl. 1182). 
T. tenuiceps, oe & Mass. 
Under trees. (Che. Hdbk., ed. 
ii., 398 ; Illustr. Brit. Fung., 
6.) 


A. 


pl. 11 166 
T. Russula, Schaeff. 
Among grass. A. 
T. subpulverulentum, Fries, 
Among grass. A. 
T. cuneifolium, Fries. 
Under trees. P. 
T. grammopodium, Fries. 
Among short grass. A., Q. 
Clitocybe, Fries. 
C. nebularis, Batsch. 
Under 


trees among leaves. 


hav 
fairlyabandant,and not easily 


Clitocybe—cont. 


mistaken for any other species 


when once understood. 
C. clavipes, Fries. 
Under trees. A. 
C. odorus, Fries. 
On the ground. A., Q. 
C. cerussatus, Fries. 
Under trees. A. 
C. phyllophilus, Fries. 
Among dead leaves 
C. pithyophilus, Fries. 
Among dead tkm 
. tornatus, Frie 
Under trees. di 
C. candicans, Fries. 
Among leaves. A., P. 
C. fumosus, Pers. 
Among grass by paths. 
C. infundibuliformis, Schaeff. 
Q. 


Among grass. 


» 


» 


C. inversus, Scop. 
Under cedars. 

C. flaccidus, Fries, 
Under trees, P. 

C. Tuba, Fries, 
Among grass, Q. 

C. cyathiformis, Fries. 
Under trees. A, B. 

C. pruinosus, Fries. 
Among grass. 

C. brumalis, Fries. 


P. 


Under trees. Q. 
. metachrous, Fries. 
Under trees, A., Q. 


fragrans, Sow. 
Among grass. A., P. 
Laccaria, Berk. & Broome. 


L. laccata, Berk. & Broome. 
Among grass under trees, 


Collybia, Fries. 
C. radicata, Fries. 
Among grass. A., B. 


C. platyphylla, Fries. 
_ On the ground under trees, 


A. 


A. 


119 


Collybia—cont. 


C. fusipes, Bull. 


Among grass in open places. 
Edible. A. 


C. maculata, Alb. & Schw. 


Among grass. 
C. distorta, Fries. 
On heaps of dead leaves. A. 
C. butyracea, Bull 
trees. 


On the ground under 
A., Q. 


C. stipitaria, /? 
On ye irit on the ground. 


C. Edi Pers, 
On the ee A. 
C. conigena, Per. 
a "m cones si Pinus sylves- 
A 


C. bec Schum. 
On the ground among grass and 
moss. À., Q. 
C. tuberosa, Bull. 
On decaying Russula nigri- 
ca 53 Q. 


C. ni Fries. 

On the ground. A. 
C. esculenta, Jacq. 

On the ground under trees, A, 
C. tenacella, Pers. 

Under pines. A. 
C. dryophila, Bull. 

On the ground under trees. 

-> LJ 

C. aquosa, Bull. 

Among grass under trees. A. 
C. ocellata, Fries. 

Among grass. A. 


C. muscigena, Schum. 


On the ground among moss and 
grass. Q. 
C. rancida, Fries. 
On stumps. A. 
C. ambusta, Fries. 
On burnt ground, A. 
C. protracta, Fries 
Among leaves lying on the 
ground. A. 


120 


Collybia-—cont. 
C. prolixa, Fries 
On the gout near iat Q. 
Mycena, Fries. 
M. pelianthina, Fries. 
pod leaves under trees. A. 
M. pura 
On rd piede under trees. 
A., Q. 


M. Liesl, Bull. 
mong grass. A, 
_ M. luteo-alba, Bull. 
Among short grass, A. 
M. rugosa. ies. 
On stumps. A. 
M. galericulata, Scop. 
On stumps. A. Q. 
Var. calopus, peii; 
On stumps. 
` M. polygramma, Bull. 
On stumps. A., B. 
. M. dissiliens, /’ries. 
Among grass and on a stump. A. 
M. atro-cyanea, Batsch. 
Among grass under trees. Q. 
M. alcalina, Fries. 
„On the ground and on stumps 
d twigs, Q. 


M. ammoniaca, Fries. 
Among grass. A. 
M, metata, Fries. 
Among short grass. A. 
M. vitrea, Fries. 
. Among grass. Å, 
M. vitilis, Fries. 
Among grass. A, 
M. tenella, Fries. 
Among short grass. 
M. acicula, Schaeff. 
On leaves and small twigs 
lying on the grounå. B. 
M. sanguinolenta, 4/6. & Schw. 
Among dead leaves. A. 


M. galopoda, Per. 


yP. 


On the iti among leaves. 
A, Q 


Mycena—cont. 
M. leucogala, Che. 

Onastump. A peculiar litile 
fungus of a dark purple 
brown colour; when the 
stem is broken a white milky 
looking fluid exudes in drops. 
(Grev. xi., 41; Illustr. Brit. 
Fung., pl. 653.) Ah 

M. NO Scop. 
mong leaves and on branches 
lying on the ground. e 
M. pelliculosa, Fries. 
mong grass. 
M. vulgare, Pers 

On twigs and ; on leaves on the 

ground. A. 
M. consimile, Che. 

Among leaves. (Grev. Xix., 41 ; 
Illustr. Brit. Ting, pl- 
1186.) Q: 

M. citrinella, P 

Among dead idite: 

M. rorida, Fries. 

Among leaves and moss, and 

on twigs. A. 


À. 


M. tenerrima, Berk. 
On twigsand herbaceous stems. 
B 


M. discopoda, Pers. 
On branches, &c. A. 
M. corticola, Schum. 
On bark of trees, A. 
M. hiemale, Osbeck, 
On bark of trees. A. 
Omphalia, Fries. 
0. hydrogramma, Fries, 
Among leaves under trees, A. 
0. pyxidata, Bull. 
On banks. A, 
0. rustica, Pers. 
On banks. A. 
0. hepatica, Batsch. 
me hs e P eeu among moss, 


0. ule Sow. 
On dry banks. A. 

0. infumata, Berk & Broome. 
Among grass and moss. A. 


Ip 


Omphalia—coné. 

0. umbellifera, Z. 

On banks. A. 
0. retosta, Fries. 

Dry places on the ground. P. 
0. griseo-pallida, Desm. 

Among dry grass... A., P. 
0. Campanella, Batsch. 

Among moss and short grass. A. 
0. Fibula, Bull. 

Among short grass. P. 

Var, Swartzii, Fries. 
A. 


Pleurotus, Fries. 

P. corticatus, Fries. 
On trunks, A 

P. ulmarius, Bull. 
On elm trunks. 

P. ostreatus, Jacq. 
On falten trunks. Many people 

are prejudiced against fungi 


A., P. 


fungus," so called 
on account of its cap resemb- 
ling an oyster-shell in shape, 


safest of edible fun 
Var. euosmus, Fries. 
On trunks. 
Var. columbinus, Bres, 
On stumps, 


ledged as one of the best and ` 
ngi. Q. 


^ 


P. salignus, Fries. 
On willow trunks by the lake. 


P. limpidus, Fries. 
On rotten wood lying en the 
ground. A. 
Pp. gms Schaeff. 
On n wood. 
P. acerinus, Fries. 
On fallen trunks. 
P. acerosus, Fries. 
On gravel paths and on lawns. 
A. 


LI 


Q. 


pu, 


Pleurotus—cont. 
P, algidus, Fries. 
On wood. 
P. septicus, Fries. 
On twigs and decaying Po. 
lyporus. 
P. applicatus, Batsch. 
n rotten wood. A. 
P. hypnophilus, Pers. 
On moss, A,, P. 
P. chioneus, Pers. 
On rotten wood. A. 
P. sapidus, Kalchbr. 
On elm trunks. Edible. A. 
Hygrophorus, Fries. 
H. eburneus, Bull. 
Among grass under trees. Q. 
H. aureus, Arrh. 
Among grass. A. 
H. hypothejus, Fries. 
Among grass. A. 
H. mt mb DU & Broome. 
ong gra 


H. E qe. = & Broome. 
Among grass. 
H. pratensis, Pers. 
Among grass in open places. 
Edible. A. 
H. virgineus, Wulf. 


mong grass. 
H, niveus, Scop. 
Among short grass. 
H. fornicatus, Fries. 
Among grass, Q. 
H. distans, Berk. 
Among grass. Q. 
H. Clarkii, Berk. & Broome. 
Among grass. 
H. irrigatus, Pers. 
Among grass, A. 
H. ceraceus, Wulf. 
Among grass. A. 
H. coccineus, Schaeff. 
Open places among grass and 
moss. Q. 


A. 


the 


Hygrophorus—cont. 
H. miniatus, Fries. 
Among short grass. 
H. puniceus, Fries. 
Among grass under trees. 
H. obrusseus, Frie. 
Short grass in ua places. A. 
H. conicus, Sc cop. 
Among grass in open places. A. 
H. calyptreformis, Berk. 
Among grass in open places. A. 
Var. niveus, 
Among grass. A. 
H. chlorophanus, Fries. 
Grassy places. A., P. 
H. psittacinus, Schaeff. 
Among short grass A, 
Lactarius, Frie 
L. Bibi ee Schaef. 
A ver 


Q 


A 
the 


| the species 


of Lactarius, this fungus | 


the liquid is insipid, in others, 
as the present, very hot, and 
the | 


causing a tingling of 
tongue. 


L. turpis, Fries. 


n the ground under trees. 
AF 


L. controversus, Jers. 
Under trees. a 
Schrad. 

A. 


L. pubescens, 
Grassy places. 
L. blennius, Fries. 


On the ground under trees. | 
A, P. 


"» 


L. pyrogalus, Bull. 
On the ground under 


m Wh 
L. quietus, Fries. 
Under trees. 


Q. 


EH 


trees, | 


Lactarius— cont. 
L. aurantiacus, Fries. 


Among grass. A. 
L. rufus, Scop. 
Under pines. A. 


L. glyciosmus, Fries. 
Under trees. A., Q. 
L. volemus, Fries. 
On the ground under trees. 
Edible. Sept 
L. serifluus, DC. 
Under trees. 
L. subdulcis, 5 
Among grass uidi trees. A., Q. 
L. camphoratus, Bull. 
Under trees. 


"s Q 


Russula, Fries. 


R. nigricans, Bull. 
Among grass. A., Q. 
R. albo-nigra, Kromb. 
Among grass. A 
R. adusta, Fries. 
Among grass. A., Q. 
R. densifolia, Gillet. 
nder beeches. A 
R. mustelina, Fries. 
Under beeches. A. 
R. olivascens, Fries. 
Under oaks. A. 
R. furcata, Fries. 
Under tiees. A., Q. 
Var. pictipes, Che. 
Under trees. A. 
Var. ochroviridis, Che. 
Under trees. 
R. rosacea, Fries, 
Grassy places. A. 
R. maculata, Quélet. 
On naked ground under trees. 
A. 


R. sardonia, Fries, 
Among grass. A. 


R. purpurea, Fries. 


Under beeches. A. 


Russula—cont. 


y Pers. 
Under beeches. A. 
Var. incarnata, Quélet. 
Under beeches. A. 
R. virescens, Schaeff. 
Among grass. A. 
R. cutefracta, Che. 
Under pines. A. 
R. rubra, Fries. 
Among grass under trees. 
Q 


Var. sapida, Quélet. 
Under beeches. A. 


R. Linnaei, Fries. 
Under beeches. A. 

R. xerampelina, Schaeff. 
Ameng grass under trees. 


R. olivacea, Schaef} 
Under beeches. A. 


R. serotina, Quélet. 


Skady places among grass. 


R. vesca, Fries. 
Among grass under trees. 


123 


and the 


quires knowledge to he cer- 
tain that you are dealing 
A. 


with the right species 
R. lilacea, Quélet. 
Under various trees. A. 
R. cyanoxantha, Schaeff. 
Grassy places. A. 
R. heterophylla, Fries 
Among grass under oaks. 
R. galochroa, Bull. 
Under beeches. A. 
R. consobrina, Fries. 
Among grass under trees, 
Var. intermedia, Cke 
Under beeches. A. 
Var. sororia, Fries. 
Under beeches, A. 


Russula—cont. 
R. foetens, Pers. 


Under trees. A., Q. 


R. subfoetens, W. G. Smith. 


Under beeches. A. 


R. fellea, Fries. 


Under trees. 


Entirely pale 
straw colour, taste very bit- 
ter. Poisonous. A. 


R. expallens, Gillet. 


Under trees among grass, A. 


R. elegans, Bres. 


Among gress under beeches. A. 


R. emetica, Fries. 


Among grass. 


A very paua 


a Brania food adit for 
it being 
often difficult to find a single 
specimen out of scores that 
has not been more or less 
eaten. 


Var. Clusii, Fries, 


Among grass. A. 


Var. fallax, Schaeff. 


Among grass. A. 


R. fingibilis, Britz. 


Among grass under oaks, A. 


R. pectinata, Buil 


Ön the ground under trees. 


A. 


R. ochracea, Fries. 


Under trees. A. 


R. granulosa, 
Under trees. 


Che. 
A Q: 


R. æruginea, Fries. 
A 


Among grass, 


R. citrina, Gillet. 


Grassy and shady places. A. 


R. fragilis, Fries. 


Among grass. Å. 


Var, niveus, Pers. 


Under trees among grass 
and leaves, A 


Russula—cont, 
R. punctata, Gillet. 
Among grass. A. 
. Var. leucopus, Che. 
mong grass. A 
R. veternosa, Frie 
Among grass naia trees. A. 
~ R. integra, L. 
Among ames under oaks and 
beeches 
„R. dietas Fries. 
mong grass, A 
R. Barlae, Quelet. 
Under beeches, A. 
Var. cuprea, Kromb. 
Under beeches. A. 
R. nitida, Pers. 
Among short grass under trees. 
As Q. 


R. alutacea, Fries. 
Under trees. A. 
R. armeniaca, Cke. 
Under pines. A. 
R. puellaris, Fries. 
Among short grass. A. 
Var. intensior, Che. 
Among grass. P. 
Var. roseipes, Sec? 
Under ipn 
grass 


among 


R. ochroleuca, Pers. 
Among grass under beeches. A. 
R. chamaeleontina, Fries. 
On naked ground under beeches. 
A. 


R. lutea, Huds. 
Among short grass in shady 
places. A. Q. 


R. nauseosa, Pers. 
Among short grass. A. 
R. vitellina, Pers. 
Under trees. A. 
Cantharellus, Fries. 
C. cibarius, Fries. 
Under beeches. oat , fleshy 


fungus of a uniform pale, 
dull orange fbar, and an 


124 


Cantharellus— cont. 
agreeable smell, resembling 
that of nerd: Generally 


urope as one of the best 

j among edible fungi, if pro- 
perly prepared. A. 

C. aurantiacus, Fries. 


mong short grass in da 
places Somewhat resem- 
bling C. cibarius in colour 


and general appearance, but 
a slenderer plant. Poisonous. 
A 


oQ 
C. carbonarius, A/b. & Schw. 

Burnt ground. Q. 

C. infundibuliformis, Vries. 

Among grass. A 

C. muscigenus, Bull. 
On mosses (Hypnum). A. 
C. lobatus, Fries. 
On mosses. A. 
Nyctalis, Fries. 
N. asterophora, Fries. 
n i fungi (Russula ni- 
gricans). Q. 
Marasmius, Fries. 
M. ürens, Fries. 
Among grass. A. 
M. peronatus, Bolton. 

Among grass. A very common 
fungus under trees; the 
stem is shaggy with yellowish 
down. Taste very pungent; 
poisonous. yQ: 

M. oreades, Fries. 
Among grass in open places. 
nonn as the 
* Champignon ° in 
open pastures and often f torii 
“fairy rings.” — Esteeme 


France and Italy. 

M. prasiosmus, Fries, 

Among dead leaves under trees. 
Q. 


M. erythropus, Pers. 
On stumps. Q. 


125 


Marasmius—cont. 
M. archyropus, Fries. 
Among leaves. 
M. ramealis, Bull. 
On dead brambie stems. Q. 
M. alliaceus, Jacq. 
Among dead leaves, A. 
M. Rotula, Scop. 
On dead twigs lying on the 
ground. A., Q. 
M. androsaceus, L. 
On dead branches. A. 
M. insititius, Fries. 
On dead twigs. A~, P. 
M. Hudsoni, Pers. 
On dead holly leaves. A. 
M. epiphyllus, Fries. 
a dead leaves. A., Q. 
Lentinus, Fries. 
L. tigrinus, Fries. 
On dead wood. A. 
L. lepideus, Fries. 
On dead wood. A, Q. 
.. L, cochleatus, Fries. 

On stumps. Has a very agree- 
able, spiey smell, and is 
edible. Q: 

Panus, Fries. 
P. stypticus, Fries. 

On dead logs. A. 

Lenzites, Fries. 
.L. betulina, Z. 
On stumps. A. 
L. abietina, Fries. 
On fir rails. Q. 


Hiatula, Fries. 


H. Wynniae, Berk, $ Broome. 
On soil in E stove. Phos- 


Mag. 
206; Illustr. Brit. Fung., 
pl. 688.) 


Volvaria, Fries. 
V. bombycina, eeu 


On living elm trees. A very 
beautiful fungus, ‘sometimes 
growing t large . size 


aM inches; stem 


gure along with the 
specimen is in the Her- 
ium. à 


V. gloiocephala, Fries 
n the ground. Poisonous. A. 
V. temperata, Berk. & Broome, 
On soil in a hot-house. 
V. speciosa, ries. 
On the ground. Poisonous. A. 
Pluteus, Fries. 
P, cervinus, Schae 
On stumps and cR. A. 
P. nanus, Pers. 
On stumps and on the ground. 
e 
Entoloma, Fries. 
E. sinuatum, Fries. 
n the ground 
Poisonous. Q 


under trees. 
E. jubatum, Fries. 
On the pee E Brass: Q. 
E. sericellum, 7? : 
On the ground a na grass. Q. 
E. clypeatum, L. 
On the round under trees. 
AI. 
E. rhodopolium, Fries. 
On the ground. 
E. costatum, Fries. 
On the ground among grass. A. 
E. sericeum, Bull. 
In grassy places. A. 
E. nidorosum, Fries 
On the ground under trees. 
, Q. 


Clitopilus, Fries. 
C. prunulus, Scop. 
Under trees. A. 
C. cancrinus, Fries. 
On the ground. A. 
C. carneo-albus, Wither. 
Among grass. 
Leptonia, Fries. 
L. lampropoda, Fries. 
Among short grass. A. 
L. anatina, Lasch. 
Among short grass. A. 
L. serrulata, Pers. 
Among grass. A., 
L. chalybea, Pers. 
On stumps. Q. 
L. chloropolia, Fries. 
Among short grass. A. 
Nolanea, Fries. 
N. pascua, Pers. 
Among short grass. 
N. mammosa, Fries. 
Among grass. 
Eccilia, Fries. 
E. Acus, W. G. Smith. 
Un pine leaves, A 
E. rhodocylix, Lasch. 
On the ground. A. 
Claudopus, W. G. Smith. 
C. variabilis, Pers. 
On twigs. A. 
C. vide Batsch. 
On 
C. pyssisedus, Bii: 
On woo , Q. 


S 


Aj: 


Pholiota erebia, Fries. 
T the ground under cedars. 


P. uh Bull, 

On the ground. A. 
P. dura, Bolton. 

On the ground. Q. 
P. praecox, Pers. 


‘Among grass. A. P. 


126 


Pholiota—cont. 
P. radicosa, Bull, 
On the ground near trunks. Q. 
P. Aegerita, Fries. 
On trunks. Q. 
P. squarrosa, Mill. 
On stumps. A. 
P. spectabilis, Fries. 
Ou trunks. Q. 
P. adiposa, Fries. 
On trunks. Q. 
P. mutabilis, Schaeff. 
On logs. A. 
P. marginata, Batsch. 
On fallen pine leaves. A. 


Inocybe, /"ries. 
I. pyriodora, Pers. 
n the ground under trees. 
"7 
. incarnata, Bres. 
Among grass under trees. Q. 
I. scaber, Müll. 
On the ground. A. 


Lon] 


I. fasciata, Che. & Mass. 
species remarkable in the 
genus Inocybe for growing 
in dense tufts. rev. xvii, 
52; lllustr. Brit. Fungi, pl. 
73.) A. 
I. Bongardii, Weinm. 


Among short grass. <A. 
I. echinata, Roth. 

On soil in the Temperate House. 
I. asterospora, Quélet. 

On the ground under trees, A. 
I. perbrevis, Veimn. 

Among short grass. A. 


I. scabella, Fries. 

On the ground under trees. 
Varying in colour from pure 
white to a beautiful pale lilac. 

PF 
I. geophylla, Sı 


On the Brod under trees. 
pale bluish- 


mon ;sometimes white. A. P. 


-127 


Hebeloma, Fries. 
H. fastibile, rres, 

On the ground under trees 
Smell I" and apensit 
poisono TÀ. 

H. as Fries. 
On the ground under Pinus 

sylvestris. . 

H. claviceps, Fries. 
On the ground. A. 
H. mesophaeum, Fries. 
Under fir trees. A. 
H. sinapizans, Fries. 
On the grourd near stumps. 


5 Q 
H. crustuliniforme, Bull. 
On the ground. Smell 


strong 
and unpleasant; 


poisonous. 


H. longicaudum, Pers. 
Under trees. Q. 


Flammula, Fries. 
F. purpurata, Che. § Mass. 
— On tree-fern stems; in the Fern 
ouse. 
Illustr. Brit. 
964.) (See plate.) 
opodia, Bull. 
On the ground. A 
F. lenta, Pers. 
On the ground under trees. 


F. 


Q. 
F. spumosa, Fries. 
On buried wood. A. 
F. carbonaria, Fries. 
On burnt ground. A. 
F. flavida, Schaeff. 
On wood. A., Q., P. 
F. inopoda, Fries. 

On rotten trunks. This fungus 
will probably prove to be a 
species of Hypholoma. A. 

F. sapinea, Fries. 

Under pines. 


A. 

Naucoria, Fries. 

_N. hamadrya, Fries. 
Among grass. A. 


Naucoria—cont. 
N. ceratodes, Fries. 
Among grass, A. 
N. melinoides, Fries. 
Among short grass. 
N. striaepes, Cke. 
Among grass. P. 
This Komaras fine ge 
Naucoria wus 
served on a lawn near the 
Herbarium in 1885, and has 


A., Q. 


been noted in the same 
Esap every year since that 
time. It has also been col- 
rated in Yorkshire. (Grev. 
xi 60; lllustr. Brit. 
Fungi, pl. 478.) 
N. pediades, Fries. 
Among short grass. A. P. 
N. tabacina, D.C. 
Or naked ground. A. 
N. temulenta, Fries. 
Among moss and grass. A. 
Galera, Vries, 
G. tenera, Schaeff. 
Among grass, A.Q. 
G. Hypnorum, Batsch, 
Among grass, common every- 
where, 
Var. Bryorum, Pers. 
Among moss and grass. 
A. 
Tubaria, Fries. 
T. furfuracea, P, 
On twigs and cips A. 
T. crobula, 7 
On fallen e. A. 
Crepidotus, Fries. 
C. mollis, Schaeff. 
On decaying trunks. Q. 


Chitonia, Fries. 


.C. rubriceps, Che. & Mass. 
On soil in the Aroid House: 


bility imported with soil or 
plants. from the Southern 


Chitonia—cont. 

Hemisphere. =- (Grev: XV., 
= 873 Mustra Brite Page 

pi. 967.) (See plate.) 
Bolbitius, Fries. 
B. tener, Berkas 

Among grass. A. 
Cortinarius, Fries. 
C. glaucopus, Fries. 

On the ground under trees. Q. 
C. coerulescens, Fries. 

Under trees. 
C. purpurascens, Fries. 

Among grass under trees. Q. 
C. mucifluus, Fries. 

Under trees. A. 
C. ochroleucus, Schaeff. 

Among gras The 
abundant species of this Hive 
genus, which is but sparsely 
eel in the grounds. 


. cinnamomeus, Fries. 
Under trees. Q. 


Among grass under trees. | 


were submitted to Fries, who 
stated that they exactly repre- 
sented his idea of the species. 


C. hinnuleus, Fries. 


Among grass, A small form of 

this a barng the pileus 
abou m. across is not 
uncommon 
C. castaneus, Fries 

On the ground. A single speci- 
men, so far as I aj 
has only been collected. A. 


Faxillus, Fries. 


P. orcelloides, Che. & Mas 

. On the ground among grass 
Grev. xvi., 46; Illustr. Brit. 
Fmi pl. 874) Q. 


128 


Paxillus—cont. 
P, involutus, Batsch. 
; the ground; common 
| everywhere. Edible. 
| P. leptopus; ries. 
| agi On rotten wood. Q. 
| 


mn puteus L. 
mong grass. This is omi 
considered as the de- 
lieious of all edible. Tae. 


| 
| © 
| AMOUR supposed to be the 
| only species sold, it is in 
| reality rare in the market as 
| a cultivated species. 
A. augustus, /7ies. 

Naked soil. This esi 

bu 


superior to that of the com- 
mon mushroom, A. 


A, arvensis, Schaeff. 
ong grass. It is tobefound 
every season under elm trees. 
Edible, and by some con- 
sidered superior to the mush- 
room. Popularly known as 

the Horse mushroom 
A. comptulus, Jes. 
Among grass. A. 


A, sagatus, Fries. 

Under trees. A. 

Stropharia, Fries. 
S. Coronilla, Bull. 

Among grass. A neat little 
fungus, superficially closely 
resembling Agaricus comp- 
tulus, but distinguished by 
the gills being attached. to 
the stem. Poisonous. A., 

S. squamosa, Fries. 

On heaps of leaves and decaying 
vegetable matter in damp 
places. A. 

S. thrausta, Kalchb. 

On decaying vegetable matter, 
and on the ground in damp 
places, A., Q, 203 


129 


Stropharia—-cont. 
S. merdaria, Fries. 
On dung. A. 
S. stercoraria, Fries. 
On dung. A., P. 
S. aeruginosa, Curtis. 


Among grass Common. Poi- 
sonous 
S. somiglobata, Batsch. 
On dung. Poisonous, A, P. 


Hypholoma, Fries. 
H. sublateritium, Fries. 
On stumps. Poisonous. A., Q. 
Var. squamosum, Che. 
On stumps. 
H. epixanthum, Fries. 
On stumps. Q. 
H. mec H udsoi 
and c ug 
"RAT Poisono 
Var. eleodes, Fries. 
On stumps. A. 
H. velutinum, Pers. 
On the ground near decaying 
ood. Ay Q. 
H. pyrotrichum, /7o/ms. 
On the ground. A. 
H. candolleanum, Fries. 
On stumps and buried wood. 
444 M. 
H. appendiculatum, Budd. 
On rotten wood. Common. 
H. catarium, Fries. 
On the ground. A. 
H. capnoides, Frie 
On the ead” near stumps. 
Q. 


stumps. 
ous. 


H. hydrophilum, Bull. 
On the ground. A. 


Psilocybe, Fries. 
P. semilanceata, Fries. 
Among short grass. 
Poisonous. 
Var. coerulescens, Che. 


Common. 


Among grass. A. Differs 
i form 7 


from ihe typical 


Psilocybe—con¢. 


only in being blue or 
greenish atthe base of 
the stem. 
P. spadicea, Schaeff. 
On the naked ground. A. 
P. foenisecii, Pers. 
Among grass. Common. 


Psathyra, Fries. 
P. corrugis, Pers. 
On naked soil. A. 
P. semivestita, Berk. & Broome. 
Among grass. Itis only during 
the young state that the 
pileus is covered with white, 
occose down; when fully 
deve peed: it is usually quite 
naked. 
Panaeolus, Fries. 
P. egregius, Mass. 
Among grass. <A, 
P. fimiputris, Bull. 
On dung. A,P 
P. retirugis, Batsch. 
On dung. A. 
P. campanulatus, 7. 
Among grass. Common. 
P. papilionaceus, Bull. 
Among grass. Common. 
Anellaria, Karsten, 
A. separata, Karsten. 
On dung. A., P, 
A. fimiputris, Karsten. 
On dung. Common. 
Psathyrella, qoem 
P. gracilis, 7? 
On naked Padi under hedges, 
&c. A. 


P. hiascens, Fries. 
On the ground under trees. 
A 


P. atomata, Fries. 
On the ground under hedges, 
mmon. 
P. disseminata, Fries. 
On decaying trunks and stumps, 
T 


130 


Coprinus, Fries. 
C. comatus, Frie 

On rich soil ud on heaps of 
decayed leaves. A very ele- 
ant fungus 


finches” One of the best 


À 
exhitiied in No.2 Museum. 
A. Q. 


C. sterquilinus, Fries 
On dung and rich soil, 
C. atramentarius, Fries. 
se the ground near decaying 
trm 1. Edible, 
bero ual in flavour to 
piat ig piahi, 


C. soboliferus, Fries. 


A., P. 


On the g poss. Probably only 
a variety o atramentarius. 
Edible. 
C. fimetarius, Fries. 
Com- 


On manure heaps, &e. 
mon. 


C. niveus, Fries. 
On dung. Common. 
C. micaceus, Fries, 

On the ground near stamps, 
posts, &e. Growing in dense 
clusters; the us when 
young is thickly deste d with 
glittering par pk oe 
fragme nts of mic 


, Coprinus --cont. 


C. deliquescens, Buil. 
On trunks, heaps e — 
leaves , &c. Com 
C. tardus, ARR 
A: the ground near buried 
ood. A. 


C. tiles, Quélet. 

On dung. An interesting little 
ies, springing from a 
small black sclerotium. The 
sclerotia were found by Mr 
G. Nicholson, the Curator of 
the Gardens ; the sporophores 
appeared a week after the 
sclerotia w ere placed in damp 

ea 


was established by Quélet 
from French specimens (Bull. 
Soc. Bot. France, xxiv., 289, 
pl. 3,:1877).- B. 
C. Hendersoni, Berk. 
On soil in hot beds. 
C. Lagopus, Fries, 
On rich soil. A., P. 
C. radiatus, Fries 


only abovt 2 lines across. 
C. stercorarius, /ries. 


On dung, rich soil, &c. Com- 
mon. 
C. ephemerus, Fries. 
Com- 


On manure heaps, &c, 


POLYPOREÆ. 


Boletus, Di//. 
B. luteus, L. 
Under pines. A. 
B. elegans, Schum. 
Under pines. A. 
B. flavus, With 
On the ground under trees. A. 
B. chrysenteron, Fries. 
n ound. The most 
abundant species in the 
grounds. Very handsome, 
with its olive cap and bright 


| Boletus—cont. 


lemon- hec under surface, 
Poison 
B. Meere ? 
On the ground. Common. 


B. cruentus, Vent. 
On the ground under beeches, 
Smell strong ; flesh changing 
to red when eut or bruised. 


B. impolitus, Fries. 
Under trees. A, 


Boletus—conf. 
B. fulvidus, Fries. 

Under trees. A. 

B. castaneus, Bull. 

Under trees. A rare fungus, 
readily recognised the 
minutely velvety pale chest- 
nut-coloured pileus and stem. 
A 


B. spadiceus, Schaef. 
Under trees. A. 
B. radicans, Pers. 
Under trees. A. 
B. duriusculus, Schulzer. 
On the ground. The flesh 
turns copper-coloured when 
eut or bruised. š 
B. radicans, Pers. 
Among grass under trees. 
B. badius, Z 
Among grass. 
B. bovinus, Z. 
Under pines. 
B. granulatus, 
Under trees. 


A. 
KY 
A. 


L. 
Edible, A. 


rose-coloured cap or pileus 
4—6 inches across. 
B. luridus, Schaeff. 
On the ground under trees. 
cles i 


Poisonous. 


The cap or 
pileus resembles a penny bun 
in shape, size, and colour. 
Edible. Q. 

B. purpureus, Fries. 

Urder trees. A. 


u 98272. 


131 


| Boletus—cont. 


| 


B. rubinus, W. G. Smith. 
Under beeches. A. 
B. viscidus, Z 
Under trees. Q. 
B. laricinus, Berk. 
Under pines. A. 
B. scaber, Fries. 
Among grass. Edible. 
B. caespitosus, Mass. 
Among grass under trees. The 
only British species of Boletus 
that grows in dense clusters, 
(Brit. Fungus-Flora, i., 297.) 
A. 


A4Q. 


Fistulina, Bull. 
F. Hepatica, Fries. 
On living trunks of old oak 
trees. hen well grown 


forming large iare weighing 


beef when cut in slices, hence 
the popular name beefsteak 
eN Edible. A., B. 


Polyporus, Micheli. 
P. rufescens, Fries 
On stumps. Q. 
P. squamosus, Fries. 
On living trunks of various 


trees. Common. An elegant 
fungus, but a destructive 
parasite 


P. melanopus, Fries. 
On buried wood. A. 
P. picipes, Fries. 
On willow trunks. 
P. varius, Fries 
On fallen trunks and stumps. 


A., Q. 


rf. 
P. elegans, Fries, 

On birch trunk. Q. 

Var. nummularius, Fries. 
On fallen trunks. Q. 
P. giganteus, Fries. 

At the base of trunks. The 
large overlapping pilei often 
form patches 2-3 feet across 
À. 


B 


132 


Polyporus—cont, 
P. sulphureus, Fries. 

On living trunks of various 
trees, ommon. istin- 
guished by the bright oan 

colour of 


the very disagreeable rell. 
- — uctive parasite to 


E ipe Fries. 

On willow A which are 

destroyed by it. A. 
P. dryadeus, Fries. 

Parasitic on oak trunks, usually 

growing near the base. T. 
P. hispidus, Fries. 

On living trunks of various 
trees. very destructive 
parasite Q 

P. cuticularis, Fries. 
On beech trunk. A parasitic 
species mm 
P. mollis, 7 
On dead Pe wood. Q. 
P. Destructor, Fries. 

On worked wood, which it 

destroys. 
P. betulinus, Frie 
Parasitic on birch trunks. Q. 


Common. 
P. chioneus, Fries. 
On pine trunks. A. 
P. caesius, Fries. 
On decayed pine trunk. Q. 
P. armeniacus, Berk. 
On stumps and dead wood. Q. 


presents the appearance of 
having been varnished. 
F. ulmarius, Fries. 
On old elm trunks. A, 
F. connatus, Fries. 
On old trunks, Q. 


Fomes—cont. 
F. fomentarius, Fries. 
On living trunks of various 


factured from this Daten 
are mine | s 
Mnseu 
F. cam Fries. 
On living birch trunk, A 
parasitic species. Q. 
F. salicinus, Fries. 
On willow trunks. A. 
F. fraxineus, Fries. 
On old ash trunks. A. 
F. annosus, Fries. 
Base of trunks, stumps, &c. 
destructive fungus, 
especially to Conifers. Q. 
F. applanatus, Fries. 
On dead trunks. Q. 
F. conchatus, Fries. 
On willow trunks. A. 
F. ferruginosus, Mas 
On dead E pr &c. 
» X 
Polystictus. Fries. 
P. perennis, Fries. 
On the ground under beeches. 
A 


P. versicolor, Fries. 
On dead trunks, stumps, &c. 
Common. 


P. hirsutus, Fries. 
On cps posts, &c. Com- 


r, viti Fries 

On trunks and tiri pd Com- 
P, ioiii Fries. 

On decaying fir tree. A. 


133 


Poria, Pers. 
P. vaporaria, Fries. 
On fallen branches. 

Usualy a saprophyte, but 
sometimes becoming parasitic, 
and destroying Conifers 

P. Medulla-panis, Fries. 

Q 


Common. 


On rotten wood. 


P. blepharistoma, Berk. $4 
Broome. 
On dead wood. A., P. 
P. sanguinolenta, 4/b. & Schw. 
On dead wood, A, 
Trametes, Fries. 
T. gibbosa, Fries. 
Onstumps. Q. 
T. serpens, Fries. 
On fallen bark. Q. 


Daedalea, Pers. 
D. quercina, Pers. 
On oak stumps. <A. 
D. unicolor, (ries. 
On posts. 
Merulius, Hall. 
M. lacrymans, Fries. 


On old boards. opone 
y 


it causes with worked timber 
in badly ventilated places. 
Fine specimens of this fungus 
are exhibited in No. 2 
Moe o 


M. Cori 
On dead ahi Q. 
M. tremellosus, Schrad. 
On dead wood. P. 


HyDNE. 


Hydnum, Z. 
H. Weinmanni, Fries. 
On rotten poplar. Q. 
H. alutaceum, Fries. 
On rotten wood. A. 
H. viride, Fries. 
On rotten wood. A. 
H. niveum, Pers. 
On dead wood. A., Q. 
H. farinaceum, Per. 
On rotten pine ME A, 
Caldesiella, Saccardo. 
C. ferruginosa, Saccardo. 
On decaying wood. A. 
Irpex, Fries. 
I. fusco-violaceus, Fries 
On pine trunks. This fungus 


this species is 
more than a form of Poly- 
stictus abietinus with torn 
pores, A. 

Radulum, Fries. 


R. quercinum, Fries. 
On dead oak branches. A. 


Radulum--co»t. 
R. orbiculare, Fries. 
On dead bark of various trees. 
A. 


Phlebia, Fries. 
P. vaga, Fries. 
On dead wood. Q. 
P. radiata, Fries. 
On dead wood. Q. 
P. merismoides, ies. 
On dead wood. 
Grandinia, Fries. 
G. granulosa, Fries. 
On fallen branches. A, 
G. crustosa, Fries. 
On dead wood. A, 
Odontia, Pers. 
0. fimbriata, Per 
On fallen ebat: Q. 
Kneiffia, Fries. 
K. setigera, Fries. 
On fallen branches. A. 


B 2 


134 


THELEPHORE. 


Solenia, Hoffmann. 
S. fasciculata, Pers. 
On dead wood. B. 
am Fries. 


capula, Frie. 
"n dead iene stem. Q. 
C. albo-violacea, -— 
On dead bark. 
C. villosa, ferite 
On rotten twigs. A. 
Craterellus, Fries. 
C. cornucopioides, Pers. 
the ground. A quaint 
looking fungus, resembling a 
black funnel with a wa vy 
margin. Edible, and with an 
excellent flavour. Q. 
Stereum, Pers. - 
B. spadiceum, Fries. 


On dead branches. Common. 
S. rugosum, Fries, 
On dead branches. Common. 


S. sanguinolentum, Fries. 

On decaying pine plank. The 
hymenium becomes blood-red 
when scratched or bruised. 
A 


B. purpureum, Pers. 
On desd trunks and branches. 
ommon. 


S. ochroleucum, Fries. 


On dead bark, especially of 


Aesculus Hippocastanum. A. 
S. hirsutum, Fries 
On dead trunks, branches, &c. 
Common. Is sometimes a 
destructive parasite on trees. 
Corticium, Pers. 
C. comedens, Fries. 
On branches. Common. Deve- 
loping under the bark, which 
is eventualiy thrown off. A 
parasite. 


C. coeruleum, Fries. 

On old posts. Of a beautiful 
clear blue colour, and with a 
silky sheen when well deve- 
loped. One the few 


Corticium—cont. 
eae Fungi that are phos- 
phorescent, emitting a pale 
bluish light i in the dark, A. 
C. flaveolum, Mass. 
On trunk of a tree-fern in the 


Temperate House. Proba- 
bly an introduced species. 
C. sanguineum, Fries. 


On fallen branches. Q. 
C. polygonium, Fries. 
On deeaying bark. Q. 
C. molle, Fries. 
On pine bark. A, 
C. roseolum, Mass. 
On old worked wood. A. 
C. lacunosum, Berk. § Broome. 
On dead wood. 
C. Sambuci, /ries. 
On bark of Sambucus nigra. Q. 
C. arachnoideum, Berk, 
"a dead wood branches, &c. 
A.Q. 


C. confiüems, Fries. 
On bark of Fagus sylvatica. A. 
C. lacteum, ies. 
Ke 


C. populinum, Fries. 
On poplar bark. A. 
Hymenochaete, Lev. 
H. rubiginosa, Lév. 
On decorticated wood. A. 
H. leonina, Berk. T Curt. 
On dead wood 
H. corrugata, Lév. 
On dead w 
Peniophora, Che. 
P. quercina, Che. 
On oak branches. A. 
P. gigantea, Mass. 
On pine bark. A. 
P. pezizoides, Mass 
On dead branches of Aesculus 
Hippocastanum. <A. 


135 


Peniophora—coné. Thelephora—cont. 
P. rosea, Mass. T. terrestris, Ehrh. 
On wood. A. On the ground under pines. A, 
P. incarnata, Mass. T. laciniata, Pers. 
On wood and bark. A., P. On the found underpines. A. 


P. ochracea, Mass. 


Inside dead bark. Q. Coniophora, DC. 
P. cinerea, Che. C. olivacea, Mass, 
On bark and wood. Common. | On dead pine trunk. Q. 
P. velutina, Che. | C. arida, Karsten. 
On wood. A., Q. On dead pine wood. Q. 
P. phyllophila, Mass. C. suiphurea, Mas. 
On dead leaves. A. Running over pes of dead 
P. terrestris, Mass. leaves. A 
Running over branches, leaves, C. ochracea, Mas 
and the naked ground. A. On the inside of elm bark. Q. 
Soppittiella, Mass. C. pulverulenta, Mass. 
S. cristata, Mass. On dead wood. Q. 
On the ground, incrusting C. membranacea, DC 
leaves, moss, é ; i ps 
S. sebacea, Mass Q On damp wall of a potting shed. 
Running over various substances C. incrustans, Mass. 
lying on the ground. A. Running over heaps of dead 
Thelephora, Ehrh. leaves. 
T. caryophyllea, Pers. C. puteana, Mass. 
On the ground. A. On dead bark. A. 
CLAVARIEZ. 
Clavaria, Vaillant. | Clavaria—cont. 
C. muscoides, L | C. inæqualis, Fi. Dan. 
Among grass. A. Among grass. A. 
C. fastigiata, Z. C. argillacea, Fries. 
Among grass. A. Among grass. 


On stump. Smell pleasant, | © ee 


Scop. 
pyrenees that of aniseed. B. Among g Edible, conet 
(See plate). Fee 5 that of chee 

C. consists L. A. 
On the ground under trees. Q. C. fragilis, Holmsk. 


C. cinerea, Bull. Among grass. A. 
On the ground. A. C. uncialis, Grev. 

C. cristata, Holmsk. | On dead stems of various 
Under trees. Edible. Q. | Umbellifers. Q. 


C. rugosa, Bull. | 
Under trees. P 0. | Typhula, Pers. 
. fusife , Sow. | T. erythropus, 7 
E 


Under trees, Q. On dead herbaceous stems. Q. 


136 


| Pistillaria—cont. 
P. quisquilaris, Fries. 
On dead herbaceous stems, Q. 


Typhula—cont. 
T. phacorrhiza, Fries. 
On dead herbaceous stems. 
Pistillaria, Fries. 
P. micans, Frie 
On dead thistle stems. Q. 
DacRYOMYCETE. 
Dacryomyces, Nees. Ditiola, Fries. 
D. deliquescens, Duby. D. radicata, Fries. 
On pine rails, &e. Common, On rotten wood. A.. 


| 
| 
| 
| 


Calocera, Fries. 


D. stillatus, Nees. 
On dead, damp wood. Common. C. viscosa, Fries. 
On oak d. Aig Qe 
D. chrysocomus, Fries. erbe jq 
Ob ach a T NE C. stricta, Fries, 
n soft decayed pine wood, A. On ob ^ Q. 


C. striata, Fries. 


D. succineus, Fries. 
On trunks. A. 


On fallen pine leaves, A. 


COCOS TREMELLINEX, | 
Tremella, Dill. Exidia, Fries. 
T. lutescens, Pers. E. glandulosa, Fries. 
On a stump. A. On dead oak branches. A pecu 
T. mesenterica, Retz. EN n » ps Sins gelatinous 
3 


Ys witcher butter,” 


On dead branches. Common. 
Ulocolla, Bref. 


T. frondosa, Fries. 
On fallen trunk. Q. U. saccharina, Bref. 
: On dead pine wood, A. 
T. Tubercularia, Berk. U. foliacea, Bref. 


On stumps. Q. 


On fallen oak branches. A. 


A URICULA RIEJE. 
Auricularia, Bull. | Hirneola, Fries. 
A, mesenterica, Fries. | H, Auricula-judæ, B 
On dead trunks. Common, | On dead branches of Sambucus 


A. lobata, Sommerf. nigra. 
On trunk. A 
Gastromycetes. 
PHALLOIDE X. 
Aseróe—cont. 


Aserée, La Bill. 


A. rubra, La Bill. spreading rays bright crim- 


n. As is usual in the mem- 


— On soil in a stove. A very 
beautiful fungus, resembling bers of the present i 
The the very minute spores 


talked sea-anemone. 


stem is pure white and the immersed in mucus, which 


137 


As erée—cont. 
has a sweet taste and a Mal 
mel. Num 


the spores are dispersed. 
introduced species; a native 
of Queensland. (See plate.) 


Phallus, Micheli. 
P. impudicus, L. 

On the ground. Readily detec- 
ted by the smell which is 
very offensive and observable 
at a distance, A., Q 


Mutinus, Fries. 
M. caninus, Frie 
On the poti: 
slight. a 


Smel] only 


Lycoperdon, Towrnefort. 
L. echinatum, Pers. 
On the ground. A. 
L. Tene Vitt. 
Under trees. Q. 
L, saccatum, Va Al. 
AR grass under trees. Com- 


Lycoperdon—cont. 


L. gemmatum, Batsch. 
Among grass under trees, Com- 
mon. 


L. pyriforme, Scheff. 
On rotten wood. Common. 


L. coelatum, Bull. 


Among grass. A., P. 
L. Bovista, L. 
ong grass. The largest 
British puff-ball, sometimes 


pu 
reaching a diameter of 12 
Edible, having a very 
delicate flavour. A. 
Bovista, Dill. 
B. plumbea, Berk, 
Among grass. Common. 
B. nigrescens, Vitt. 
Among grass, Common. 
B. pusilla, Mass, 
Among grass. A. 
B. ovalispora, Che. & Mass. 
Among grass. A. 


ScLERODERME. 


Scleroderma, Pers. 
S. vulgare, Fries. 
On the ground under trees. 
Common 
S. verrucosum, ers. 
On the ess Common. 


S. Bovista, Fi 


On the amit å. Q. 


Scleroderma—cont. 
S. Geaster, Fries. 
On the ground. The species 
Scleroderma are o 


or truffle “family are ert 
from the grounds. A., 


NIDULARIEJX. 


Cyathus, Haller. 
C. striatus, Hoffm. 


are popu 
“ birds’-nest fungus; 
C. vernicosus, DC. 
On the ground. Common. 


Crucibulum, Tul. 
C. vulgare, Tul. 


On wood and twigs. A. 


Nidularia, Tul. 
N. pisiformis, Tul. 
.On wood, A. 


Sphaerobolus, 7'ode. 
S. stellatus, Tode. 

On — idus ~ a plan 
house. A minute but = 
beautiful fuori pl first ball- 
shaped, then splitting above 
into severa! teeth, and eject- 
ing to some distance a little 


138 


| Sphaerobolus—cont. 


| 


yellow bail containing the 
pores. 
Thelebolus, Tode. 
T. terrestris, A/b. $ Schw. 
On heaps of dead leaves. A. 


ASCOMYCETES. 


Pyrenomycetes. 


ERYSIPHE. 


All the species belonging to this family are parasites, and in some 
The 


instances very de 


structive to cultivated wis 


hey appear under the 


form of a delicate white film on living leaves 


Podosphaera, Kunze. 
P. Oxyacanthae, De Bary. 
On living leaves of Crataegus. 
Common. 


P. tridactyla, De Bary. 
On living leaves of various 
species of Prunus. Common. 


Sphaerotheca, Lév. 
S. pannosa, Lév. 


— 
eh. and fruit of ihia 
es. A dangerous enemy 
fo roses, causing the foliage 
to drop prematurely. 
S. Castagnei, Lev. 
On living leaves of various 
cucurbitaceous plants. When 
ndantly developed, the 
leaves present the appearance 
of having received a coat of 
whitewas 
Phyllactinia, Lév. 
P. suffulta, Saccardo. 
On leaves of Lonicera, on 
alba, Cornus sanguine 
Uncinula, Lév. 
U. Bivonae, Lév. 
On living leaves of Ulmus 
campestris 
U. adunca, Lev. 
On leaves of Populus nigra. 


Uncinula—cont. 
U. i, Saccardo. 
On leaves of Prunus spinosa. 
U. Aceris, Saccardo. 
On living | — of Acer Pseu- 
dopla 


Microsphaera, Lév. 
M. Dubyi, Zév. 
On living leaves of Lonicera 
Shee, 
M. Berberidis, 
On rie, ‘ue of Berberis 


M. psa ; 

On living leaves X Lonicera 
sempervirens and Betula 
pubescens. 

Erysiphe, Hedwig. 


E. lamprocarpa, Zév. 

On living leaves of Aster 
grandiflorus, Centaurea ni- 
grescens, Cousinia uncinata, 
and many other composites. 


4 
E. Umbelliferarum, De Bary. 
On living leaves of many um- 
belliferous plants. Common. 
E. communis, Fries. 
On living leaves of various 
plants. Common. 


139 


PERISPORIE®. 
Eurotium, Link. | Perisporium, Fries. 
E. Herbariorum, Link. | P. vulgare, Corda. 


On decaying plants. Common. 
E. lateritium, Mont. | 
On damp, decaying plants. | 


On rotting sacking. 


CAPNODIE®. 
Capnodium, Mont. | Antennaria, Link. 
a, AN | A, laevigata, Corda. 
On living id and leaves 


Salix viminalis and S. On bark of Betula alba. 
Caprea. 
C. Tiliae. Saccardo. 

On living leaves of Tilia par- | 


vifolia | 
HyPoCREX, 
Claviceps, Tul. | Nectria—cont. 
C. purpurea, Tul. | N. Aquifolii, Fries. 
Parasitic in the ovary of Lolium | On dead holly bark. A., B. 
perenne and other grasses, | . Lamvi. Desm. 
The black, hornlike “stroma | E vertens 
: ; | On dead wood. 
of the fungus is known by 
the name of Ergot, and is | N. mammoidea, Plow. 
used medicinally. On dead — 
N. Ribis, Tod 


v dead Sas of Ribes 
ureum. Parasitic on various 


Cordyceps, Fries. : : | 
c militaris, Link. | 

| 

| 


igen larva of some insect. species of Ribes 
Epichloe, Fries. | Hypomyces, Fries. 
E. ina, Pers. | H. chrysospermus, Tul. 
Parasitic on the living stems of | On various s species of Boletus 
Holcus lanatus and H.inollis. | and 


H. rosellus, dn & Schw. 


Hypocrea, Fries. 
H. Hin. Pers On Corticium, Stereum, and 
On dead wood Poria. gis 
Polystigma, Pers. H. lateritius, Fries. 


On Poria vaporaria. 


On living leaves of various | Lasionectria, Saccardo. 

species of Prunus. L. rousselliana, Mont. 
Nectria, Fries. On dead wood. 
N. cinnabarina, Tode. ; 

On dead branches. A trueand | Gibberella, Saccardo. 
very destructive- parasite, G. cyanogena, Desm 
attacking trees and shrubs, On bark of Sambucus nigra. 
hel : i | 
the branches of which become Acrospermum, Tode. 


thickly studded with l- 
y studded with cora puit ode 


coloured — one to two 
lines in diamet On dead herbaceous stems. 


P. rubrum, Pers. 


140 


XYLARIEJE. 


Xylaria, Hill. 
X. polymorpha, Grev. 
On decaying logs. 
X. digitata, Fries. 
On dead wood. 
X. vaporaria, Berk. 
: In soil in frames. 
X. carpophila, Frie 
On fallen beech im 
X. Hypoxylon, Fries. 
On dead wood 


Nummularia, Tul. 
N. Bulliardi, Tul. 
On dead wood. 
Hypoxylon, Fries. 
H. coccineum, Bull. 
On dead hazel. 
H. fuscum, Pers. 
On dead wood. 


DOTHIDEÆ, 


Phyllachora, Fuckel. 
P. Ulmi, Duv. 
On living leaves of Ulmus. 
P. Trifolii, Pers 
On aAa leaves of Trifolium 


mediu 
P. graminis, Pa 
On living are of various 
grasses. 


Rhopographus, JVitzAe. 
R. filicinus, Fries. 
On living fronds of 
aquilina 
Rhytisma, Fries. 
R. acerinum, Pers, 
On living leaves of Acer cam- 
pestre and A. Pseudopla- 
: h k 


Pteris 


blotches so common on syca- 
more leaves are caused by 


Rhytisma—cont. 


this fungus, which does con- 
siderable ME ec the 
leaves to fall early the 
season, bet er the wood 
is not properly matured, and 
the stock of accumulated food 
insufficient for the following 


^ 


diseased leaves are collected 
and burned soon after they 
fall. 

R. salicinum, Fries. 


On living leaves of Salix 
Caprea and S. viminalis. 


STIGMATEX. 
Stigmatea, Fries. Stigmatea—cont. 
S. Robertiani, Fries. S. JEgopodii, Frie 
On Des s pet of Geranium On living leaves ot Aegopodium. 
robertia 
DIATRYPEJE. 
Diatrype, Fries. Diatrype—cont. 


D. Brassicae, Che. 
On dead cabbage stalks. 
D. verruciformis, LAr. 
aa dead branches of Fagus 
sylv 


D. quercina, Fries. 
On dead branches of Quercus. 


D. Stigma, Hoffm. 
On dead wood. 


141 


V ALSEJE. 


Valsa, Fries. 
V. leucostoma, Pers 
On branches of Prunus. 
V. stellulata, Frie 
On E of Ulmus cam- 
v. Heth Saccardo. 
On bark of Ailanthus glandu- 
losus. 
V. ceratophora, Tul. 


On branches of Ulmus montana. 


V. dissepta, Fries. 

On branches of Ulmus cam- 
pestris. 

V. Betulae, Tul. 

On bark of Betula alba. 

V. Hippocastani, Che. 
n branches of 
Hippocastanum. 

V, taleola, Fries. 

On-bark of Quercus. 

V. oncostoma, Duby. 

On twigs of Robinia Pseudo- 
cacia. 


Aesculus 


| Valsa—cont. 
V. robergeana, Des 
On dead fallen Nee ul 
V. syngenesia, Fries. 
On branches of  Sambucus 


nigra. 
V. platanoides, Pers. 
On tener of Acer Pseudo- 
plata 
V. nivea, pe 
On dead bros of Crataegus. 


ne 


Melanconis, Tul. 
M. stilbostoma, Fries. 
On bark of Betula alba. 
Pseudovalsa, De Not. 
P. umbonata, Tul. 
On dead wood. 
P. hapalocystis, Berk. & Broome. 
On dead twigs of Platanus 
acerifolia. 
Fenestella, Tul. 
F. Salicis, Rehm. 
On branches of Salix. 


EUTYPÆ. 


Eutypa, Tul. 
E. Acharii, Tul. 
On dead wood. 
E. aspera, Nitschke. 
n woo 
E. lata, Pers. 
On trunks. 
E. flavo-virens, Twi. 
On hard wo 
Diaporthe, Nitschke, 
D. pulla, Nitschke. 
On wood 
D. incarcerata, Berk. & Broome. 
On branches of Rosa canina. 
D. resecans, Nitschke. 
nches of Syringa 


On 
vulgaris 


Diap orthe—cont. 
- D. rostellata, Fries. 
On stems of Rubus fruticosus . 
D. Phillyreae, Che. 
On branches of Phillyrea. 
D. circumscripta, Otth. 
On dry branches, 
D. Ryckholtii, M 
On trunk are ches of 
Symph eiui TACEMOSUS, 
D. Epilobii, Cke. 
On stem of Epilobium mon- 
tanum. 
D. Lirella, M. & N. 
On stem of Spiraea Ulmaria. 
Nitschkia, Otth. 
N. cupularis, Pers. 
On dry branches of Tilia 
vulgaris and Robinia 


Pseudacacia. 


142 


CUCURBITARIE X. 


Cucurbitaria, Gray. 
C. Berberidis, Pers. 
On branches of Berberis vul- 
garis. 
C. Aspegrenii, Ces. 
On rotten wood. 


| Cucurbitaria—cont. 


Laburnu 


of m 
vulgare and L. alpinum. 


BYSSOSPHAERIEÆ. 


Byssosphaeria, Cke. 
B. innumera, Berk. § Broome. 
On dead wood. 
B. Aquila, Fries. 
On dead wood. 
Lasiosphaeria, Saccardo. 
L. sulphurella, Saccardo. 
On fallen branches. 
L. ovina, Pers. 
On dead wood. 
Venturia, Not 
V. Alchemillae, Grev 
Parasitic on liv visg leaves of 
Alchemilla vulgaris 
Chaetomium, Kunze 
C. elatum, Kunze. 
On damp straw. 


| Psilosphaeria, Saccardo. 


P. pulviscula, Currey. 
On dead wood. 
P. spermoides, Fries. 
On dead wood. 
P. pustula, Currey. 
On dead wood. 
Melanomma, Saccardo. 
M. Pulvis-pyrius, osu 


On rotien wood, 
The 


grains of 
powder, hence the specific 
name. 


SORDARIEJE. 


Sordaria, Saccardo. 
S. fimicola, Roberge. 
On dung. 


CRYPTOSPHAERIE®. 


Cryptosphaeria, Grev. 
C. millepunctata, Grev. 
On dead branches. 
Physalospora, Saccardo. 
P. rosicola, Fekl. 
On branches of 


Tet 4 3 


Endophlaea, Fries. 
E. salicella, Fries. 
On branches of Salix ier a 
alba, and S. capra 
E. DETRE TT Oudem. 
On branches of Cornus alba. 


| Leptosphaeria, Saccardo. 
|  L. vagabunda, Saccardo. 
| On branches of ric 
| calycinum & Kerria Dea 
Metasphaeria, Saccardo. 
M. complanata, Tode. 
On dead herbaceous stems. 


pro Saceardo. 
rube 


uoo various n of dead her- 


the matri 


Raphidospora—cont. 
R. acuminata, Sow. 
On dead herbaceous stems, 
Heptameria, Saccardo. 
H. arundinacea, Sow 
On culms of ‘A cade Donax. 
H. Doliolum, Pers. 
On dead herbaceous stems. 
H. acuta, Mont. 
On dead herbaceous stems of 
various plants. 
H. Typharum, Desn. 
On leaves of Typha angus- 
tifolia 
H. Rusci, Wallr ^ 
On sobre and phyllodes of 
Ruscu 


Pleospora, Saccardo. ' 

P. Bardanae, Vs/. 
On dead stems of Arctium. 

P. Meliloti, Rad. 
On zu bes of Melilotus 

^ offic cina 

"s Erir Che. & Ellis. 

On dead herbaceous stems. 


143 


Pleospora—-ont. 
P. Herbarum, P 
On decaying iion of =a her- 
aceous Dicotyledon 
Laestadia, Saccardo. 
L. veneta, Sacc. & Speg. 
On fallen leaves of Platanus 
acerifolia. 
L. Rhodorae, Cke 
On dead herbaceous stems. 
L. Iridis, Cke. 
T E leaves of Tris Pseuda- 


Sphaerella, Pers. 
S. hedericola, Desm. 
On dead ivy leaves. 
S. maculaeformis, Pers. 
On fallen leaves of Castanea 
sativa. 
S. Brassicicola, Ces. 
On dead leaves and fruit of 
Brassica oleracea. 
S. isariophora, Desm. 
On leaves of Stellaria nemorum 
& Stellaria media. 


Discomycetes. 


HELVELLES. 


Morchella, Dill. 
M. crassipes, Pers 
Among grass under trees. A 
n 


M, esculenta, Pers. 
Among grass in spring. Edible. 
A. 


M. conica, Per 
Among grass in Spring. Edible. 
A. 


M. smithiana, Che. 
Among grass. ry large 
showy fungus spp in 
the spring. Edible. A. 


Mitrophora, Lév. 
M. Gigas, Lév. 
Among grass in the spring. 
AQ. 


M. semilibera, Zev. 
On naked soil under & hedge. 
In the spring. 
Helvella, Fries, 
H. crispa, Fries. 
Among grass under trees in 
spring, i 
H. lacunosa, 4/2. 
eed orat appearing in 
spring. A. 
H. Petite Bull. 
Among grass in spring. A. Q. 


144 


Mitrula, Fries. 
M. phalloides, Chev. 


Vibrissea, Fries. 
V. Guernisaci, Crovan. 


T mag e eat floating: dead On decayed esi twigs float- 
eaves in the i ing in the la 
M. cucullata, Fries. 
On decaying pine leaves, A. Geoglossum, Pers. 
M. olivacea, Saccardo. . G. glutinosum, Pers. 
Among short grass. A. Among grass. A. 
Leotia, Mill. G. glabrum, Pers. 
L. lubrica, Pers. Among grass. A. 
Under trees. a G. hirsutum, Pers. 
L. acicularis, P Among grass. A., P. 
On decaying se A. 
PEZIZEX. 


Acetabula, Feckt. 
A. vulgaris, Fc. 
On the ground. A MM beautiful 
fungus of a brownish colour, 
resembling a c font in 
miniature. A. 
Otidea, Pers. 
0. onotica, Fi. 
n the ground under trees. A. 
0. aurantia, Mass. 
On the ground. A large, showy 
haped 


fungus, cup - and 
usually much wav wid 
cris of a clear, deep 
orange colour. A.,Q 
Peziza, Dill. 
P. saniosa, Schrad. 
n the antity 


of violet ligid escapes when 
the plant is wounded. A. 
P. vesiculosa, Buli. 
On manure heaps, rich soil, &c. 
Common. 


P. ampliata, Pers. 
On dead bark. Q. 
P. ochracea, Boud. 
On the ground under beeches, A. 
P. badia, Pers. 
On the gis A. 
P. bufonia, Per 
On a rubbish pas Q. 


Geopyxis, Pers. 
G. carbonaria, Saccardo. 
On burnt ground. A. 
G. coccinea, Mass. 
On fallen branches. This fungus 


poses ears acti the 
winter iens early spring. Q. 
G. cupularis, Saccardo. 
Damp ground. Q. 


Humaria, Fries. 
H. Chateri, W. G. Smith. 

On naked ground by the sides 
of paths, &c. On one occasion 
this species was so abundant 
on a path in the Arboretum, 
that it showed as a red streak 
at a considerable distance 
away. 

H. rutilans, Saccardo. 

On the ground. .. A., P. 
H. pilifera, Saccardo. 

On soil in a plant-pot. 
H. carbonigena, Saccardo. 

On burnt ground. A. 


omphalodes, Mass. 
On burnt ground, A. 
H. melaloma, Mass. 
On burnt ground. P. 


145 


Humaria—cont. 
H, macrocystis. Saccardo. 
On burnt ground. P. 
H. granulata, Saccardo. 
On dung. m mmon 
Barlaea, Sacca 
B. EA do. 
On the ground. A. 
B. Crouani, Mass. 
On the ground among moss. A, 
Curreyella, Mass, 
C. trachycarpa, Mass. 
On burnt ground. A. 


ss. 
On the ground under pines. A. 


Neottiella, Che. 
N. Polytrichi, Mass. 
On the ground among moss. A. 
N. corallina, Mass. 
On the ground among moss, A., 


Dasyscypha, Fries. 
D. virginea, Fckl 


On rotten twigs and herbaceous 
stems in damp places. m- 
mon, 


D. nivea, Mass. 
On damp fallen twigs. 
D. bicolor, Feckt. 
On dead oak twigs. A. 
D. aspidiicola, Saccardo. 
On dead fronda of Nephrodium 
Filix-mas. A., Q. 


Aa. 


D. hyalina, ins $. 
Inside fallen bark, on chips, &c. 
Common. 
D. leucophaea, Mass. 
On stems of dead herbaceous 
plants. 
D. melaxantha, M: 
On fallen sii “of beech, Q. 
D. corticalis, Mass. 
On dead bark. Q. 
D. dematiicola, Mass. 
On dead rose stems, A. 


Lachnea, Fries. 
L. stercorea, Gillet. 
On dung. Common. 
L. crucipila, Phil. 
On damp ground. P. 
L. scutellata, Gillet. 
On stumps, also on 
ground. A., 
L. hemispherica, Gillet. 
On the ground under trees. A. 
L. erinacea, Saccardo. 
On rotten wood. A. 


naked 


Tapesia, Pers. 
T. fusca, Fechl. 
On dead bark. Q. 
T. aurata, Mass. 
On dead wood. A. 
T. sanguinea, Feki. 
On pine wood. A. 
Chlorosplenium, Fries. 
C. aeruginosum, De Not. 
On branches of ash and oak. 


the manufacture of fancy 
articles kno as **Tun- 
bridge ware." j 

C. discoideum, Mass. 

On an old trunk of piae 
Pseudacacia. The wood on 
which the fungus grows is 
stained green, | 


Parasitie on the rhizome of 
Anemone nemorosa. A de- 
struetive parasite when it 
finds its way into a bed o: 
Anemones. 

S. Galanthi, Rehm. 
See p.172. B. 
S. Sclerotiorum, Mass. 
On cabbage stalks. P. 
Ciboria, Fekl. 
C. pseudo-tuberosa, Saccardo. 
On fallen, deeaying acorns. A. 


Cyathicula, De Not. 
C. coronata, De Not. 
On various kinds of dead or 
decaying herbaceous stems. 
Q. 


Helotium, Fries: 
H. claro-flavum, Berk. 
On N dociying branches. 


H. Laburni, Berk. & Broome. 
On branches of Laburnum 
vulgare. 
H. lenticulare, Fries. 
On beech trunks. A. 
H. citrinum, Fries. 
On stumps. A., B. 
H. Virgultorum, Karsten. 
On dead branches. 
H. cyathoideum, Karsten. 
On dead ene stems. B. 
H. Herbarum 
On dead m damp herbaceous 
stems. 
H. renisporum, ym. 
On petioles and veins of fallen 
onk leaves. A 


146 


Helotium—cont. 
H. conigenum, Fries. 
On scales of fallen cones. A. 
Belonidium, Mont. § Dur. 
B. pruinosum, Mas. 
On dead wood - bark; also 
on Diatrype Stigma. Q. 
Mollisia, Fries. 
M. atrata, Karsten, 
On dead stems of various her- 
baceous plants. Common 
M. fusca, Mass. 
On dead wood. A. 
M. cinerea, Karsten. 
On dead wood. Common. 
M. melaleuca, Saccardo. 
On chips. A. 
Pseudopeziza, Fckl. 
P. petiolaris, Mass. 
n dead pontos of Acer 
Pseudoplatanus. P. 
P. Ranunculi, Saccardo. 
On dying leaves of Ranunculus 
acris. 


ASCOBOLEJ . 


Ascobolus, Pers. 
A. asininus, Mass. 
On asses’ dung, P. 
A. marginatus, Mass. 
On asses’ dung. P. 
A. furfuraceus, Pers. 
On horse dung. A., P. 
A. immersus, Pers. 
On goose dung. A. 


S. violascens 
On rabbit dung. Q. 


Ascophanus, Boud. 
A, microsporus, Phil. 
On rabbit dung. Q. 
A. carneus. Boud. 
On an old shoe. A. 
A. equinus, Mass 
On hórso dung: A., Q. 
Ryparobius, Boud. 
R. sexdecimsporus, Saccardo. 
On horse dung, A. 
R. argenteus, Berk, 4 Broome. 
On rabbit dung. Q. 


BULGARIEÆ. 


Bulgaria, Fries. 


tts. 
Said to be a 
true parasite. 


Ombrophila, Fries. 
0. brunnea, Phil. 
On dead herbaceous stem. 


Orbilia, Fries. 
0. inflatula, Karsten. 


147 


Coryne, Tulasne. 


C. urnalis, Saccardo. 


As Be 


Conidial and 


Q. 


On rotten, damp wood. A. On decayed stump. 
Calloria, Jes. C. sarcoides, Tul. 
C. fusarioides, Fries. On rotten wood. 
On dead nettle stems. Com- ascigerous stages common. 
DERMATEX. 
Cenangium, Fries. Scleroderris, Fries. 
C. furfuraceum, De Not. S. Rubi, Mass. 
On alder branches. Q. On dead bramble stems. 
PATELLARIEJE. 


Patinella, Saccardo. 
P. macrospora, Mass. 
On rotten wood. 
Patellaria, Wahl. 


P. clavispora, Berk. & Broome. 
On ash branches. 


Patellaria—cont. 
P. atrata, Fries. 


On rotten floorcloth. A. 


Heterosphaeria, Grev. 


H. Patella, Grev. 


i On dead herbaceous stems. 


Q. 


On scales of cones of Pinus 
A. 


STICTEÆ. 
Stictis, Pers. Propolis, Fries. 
S. radiata, P. P. rhodoleuca, 7 
On ume “ecorticte wood. 
Com sylvestris. 
PHACIDIES. 


Co ccophacidium, Rehm. 
C. Pini, Rehm. 
On bark of Pinus sylvestris. 
A. 


Schizothyrium, Desm. 
S. aquilinum, Rehm. 
On dead fronds of Pteris 
aquilina. 
Phacidium, Fries, 
P. multivalve, Kze. & Schm. 


Phacidium—co»t. 
P. terrestre, Phil 


Trochila, Fries. 
T. Craterium, Fries. 


On dead ivy leaves. 


Colpoma, Wallr. 
C. quercinum, Wallr 
On oak branches. 
Xylographa, Fries. 
X. parallela, Fries. 


On dead holly leaves. A. 
* HxsTERI 
Hysterium, Tode. 
* H. pulicare, Pers. 
On fallen oak bark. A. 
u 98272. 


On old wood. 


ACEÆ, 


On rotten leaves on the ground. 
A. 


B. 


A. 


Hysterographium, Corda. 


H. Fraxini, De Not. 


On fallen ash branches. 


A. 
Cc 


148 


Glonium, Mühl. 
G. amplum, Duby. 
On dead bramble stems. Q. 


Hypoderma, DC. 
H. Virgultorum, DC. 
On dead bramble stems. Q. 
H. conigenum, Che. 
On m coms of Pinus syl- 
vestris. <A, 


Lophodermium, Chev... 
L. hysterioides, Saccardo. 
On dead hawthorn leaves, A. 
Dichaena, Fries. 
D. quercina, Fries. 
On living oak branches.. A. 


Phycomycetes. 
PirosorEx. 
Pilobolus, 7ode. Pilobolus—-cont. 
P. crystallinus, Tode P, roridus, Pers. : 
On dung. On dung. 
P. Kleinii, Van Tiegh. P. v Mont. 
g On d 


: MUCORINI. 


Pilaira, Van Tieghem, 
P. anomala, ScArót. 
On dung. 
Mucor, Micheli. 
M. Mucedo, L 
On various decaying organic 
substances. 
M. lateritius, Che. § Mass. 
On rotting potatoes. 
M. amethystinus, Berk. 
On decaying bulbs. 
M. pruinosus, Berk. & Broome. 
On soil in a plant pot. 
M. hyalinus, Che. 
On leaves of Buwxus semper- 


Phycomyces, Kunze. 
P, nitens, Kunze. 
On fat, also on decaying seeds 
of Magnolia. 
Spinellus, Van Tiegh. 


S. fusiger, Van Tiegh, 
On decaying Agarics. 


Sporodinia, Link. 
S. Aspergillus, Schrét. 

On decaying fungi. 

Helicostylum, Corda. 
H, nigricans, Van Tiegh. 

Once occurred abundantly on 
dead woodliee (Oniscus) col- 
lected in a heap under bark. 

Thamnidium, Zink. 
T. elegans, Link. 
On decaying vegetable matter. 


Rhizopus, Er. 
R. nigricans, Ehr. 
On decaying fruit. 
R. necans, Mass. 
Parasitic on bulbs of Lilium 


auratum,. received 0 
Japan... In. 1896- and. 1897 


history see the Kew Bulletin, 
1897, p. 87. S 


149 


SYNCEPHALIDE. 


Syncephalis, Van Tiegh. 
S. fasciculata, Van Tiegh. 
On wet and decaying vegetable - 
matter. 


PERONOSPORES. 


Cystopus, Lev. 
C. candidus, Lév. 

On Capsella Bursa-pastoris, 
Cheiranthus Cheiri, 
simum perofskianum, and 
Pringlea antiscorbutica. It 
has d sapossible 
to keep the last named plant 
in cultivation, "rt m the 
attacks of this parasi 

C. Tragopogonis, Schröt. 

Parasitic on dnd pra- 

tensis and Ipom 


Phytophthora, De Bary. 
P. infestans, De Bary. 
Parasitic on leaves and tubers 


of the potato (Solanum 
berosum). This fungus is 
the cause of the destructive 
ourge p called 


Plasmopara, Schröt. 
P. pygmaea, Schröt. 

Parasitic on leaves of various 
Ranunculaceous plants Are- 
mone, Aconitum, Isopyrum. 

P. nivea, ScArót. 

Parasitic on leaves of item 

of Aegopodium and Coni 


M on leaves of Centaurea 

an essen This fungus 

is often very destructive to 

Pen bun appearing on 

e leaves as a very delicate 
white film 


| 


Peronospora, Corda. 


P. Myosotidis, De Bary. 

On living leaves of Myosotis 
cette and Symphytum 
tuberc 

P. Viciae, T e 

On living leaves of various Le- 

-guminous plan 
P. Ficariae, Tul, 
On living leaves of Ranunculus 


P. arborescens, De Bary. 

On living leaves of Papaver 
Argemone, P. somniferum, 
also on various garden forms 
of poppy. 

P. Violae, De Bary. 

On living leaves of Viola 

canina and V. sylvestris, | 
P. Trifoliorum, De Bary. 

On living leaves of Trifolium 
minor, T. oil ott and on 
Lotus corniculatus 

P. grisea, De Bary. 

On living leaves of Veronica 
Chamaedrys. 

P. Lamii, De Bary. : 

On Pike leaves of Lamium 
rubrum 


P. effusa, Rabenk. 
On Chenopodium album. 
P. sordida, Berk. 
On living leaves of Verbascum 
Thapsus. 
P. sparsa, Berk. 
Onliving leaves of cultivated 
roses. 


C2 


150 


SAPROLEGNIEJE, 
Leptomitus, Agardh. | Pythium—cont. 
L. lacteus, Agardh. | P. Cystosiphon, Lindst. 
Attached to aquatic epit | In ABS fronds of Wolffia 
Saprolegnia, Nees. | Michelii 
S. ferox, Nees. — J| Dityuchus, Leitg. 


On dead flies in water. Ronge 1 
S. elongata, Mass. | Mionorporus, Leng. 
On decaying trunk of tree-fern | On decaying hyacinth, bulba. 
in water. (Mass Brit. Fungi, | 


217, figs. 47—49.) | Diplanes, Leitg. 
Pythium, Pringsheim. Er D saprolegnioides, Leitg. 
P. de-baryanum, Hesse. | On insects in water. 


Parasitic and saprophytic n | 
various plants. A Rickcrsive | Achlya, Nees. 
parasite to seedling pu 


causing what is rmed A. polyandra, Hildebr. 
“ damping off.” On insects in water. 
ENTOMOPHTHORES. 
Empusa, Cohn. Entomophthora, Fresenius. 
E. Muscae, Cohn. | E, Aphicis, Hoffm. 
On dead house flies, On aphides. 
CHYTRIDE®. 


Synchitrium, De Bary 3 Woronin. , Rhizidium, A. Braun. 


S. Mercurialis, Feckt. | Westii, Mass. 
On living leaves of Mercurialis Parasitic on Spirogyra nitida. 
perennis. 


Olpidium, Schrót, 


| 
| 
| 
On living leaves of Anemone | On the e iidortit cells of Lemna 
minor. 


S. Anemones, Woronin. 0. Lemnae, Schró 
nemorosa. 
PROTOMYCETE X. 


[p purpureo-tingens, Mass. 

| On leaves of seedling sun- 
flowers. (Mass. Brit. Fungi, 

| 164, figs. 12, 73.) 


Protomyces, Unger. 


P. Menianthis, De Bar. 
On living leaves of Pontentilla 
Comarum. 


HYPODERMII. 
UREDINEX. 


, Uromyces--cont. 
U. Orobi, Wint. 
On Lathyrus macrorhizus. 


Uromyces, Link. 
U. Fabae, Che. 
On Vicia Faba. 


Uromyces—cont. 
U. Polygoni, Wint. 
On Polygonum aviculare. 
Trifolii, JVint 
On Trifolium repens. 


U. 


, Wint. 

On Geranium pratense. 
U. Valerianae, Wint. 

On Valeriana officinalis. 
U, Colchici, Mass. 

O 


in the grounds, 
attacking ey plant of the 
species named ; and although 
C. autumnale grew on one 
side of the bed of dise 
plants, and C. byzantinum 
on the other, neither of the 
last named was attacked. 
(Grev. xxi, 6, pl. 182, figs. 
16-18.) 


U. Poae, Rabh. 

Abcidionpores on Ranunculus 
Ficaria; teleut ospores on 
Poa annua 

U. Pisi, Wint. 


Teleutospores and uredospores 
on Pisum sativum ; aecidios- 
pores not seen, although 
species of Euphorbia are 
not wanting. 


U. Alliorum, Che. 
Teleutospores on Allium. 
U. Ficariae, Pint. 
On Ranunculus Ficaria. 


U. Scillarum, Wint 
On Scilla bifolia. 


. Erythronii, DC. 
On Lilium candidum. 
Puccinia, Persoon. 

P. Galii, Wint. 

On Galium verum. 
P. Calthae, Link. 

On Caltha palustris. 
P. Gentianae, Wint. 

On Gentiana acaulis. 
P. Silenes, Schröt. 

On Silene inflata. 


151 


ı Puccinia—cont. 
P. Lapsanae, Schulz. 
On Lapsana communis. 
P. variabilis, Gre 
On Tarde. E EAE Aa 
P. Violae, Wint. 
On Viola canina. 
P. albescens, Grev. 
On Adoxa moschatellina. 
P. Menthae, Pers. 
On Origanum vulgare. 
P. Vincae, Berk. 
On Vinca major. 
P. Graminis, Pers. 
Teleutospores on Alopecurus 


pratensis and Avena rid 
notwithstanding the 


quantity of Berberis and 
Mahonia present in the 
grounds, the most careful 


ling every year to the wheat 
crop in Europe alone 
P. coronata, Corda. 
Teleutospores on Holcus mollis. 
Aecidiospore stage not ob- 
served. 


P. sylvatica, ScArót. 
eleutospores on Carex remota. 
Aecidiospore not seen. 


P. suaveolens, Wint. 
On Carduus arvensis. 
P. bullata, Schröt. 
On Silaus pratensis. 
P. argentata, Wint. 
On Impatiens fulva. 
P. Hydrocotyles, Plow. 
On Hydrocotyle rat 


P. Campanulae, Ca 
On sca de. 


P. Aegopodii, Wint. 
On ps a Podagraria. 


152 


Puccinia— cont. 
P, Thalictri, Cheval. 
. On Thalictrum flavum. 
P. Veronicae, Schrot. 
On Veronica montana. 


P. Malvacearum, Mont 
On Malva moschata and 
Althaea 
P. Circex, Pers. 
On Circaea lutetiana. 
P. Buxi, DC. 


On Buxus sempervirens. 
Triphragmium, Link. 
T. Ulmariae, Wint. 
On Spiraea Ulmaria. 
Phragmidium, Link. 
P. Tormentille, Fekl. 
On Potentilla Fragariastrum. 
P. violaceum, Schultz. 
On Rubus fruticosus. 
P. Rubi, Schrit. 
On Rubus fruticosus. 
P. subcorticatum, Schrot. 
On Rosa iuum also on eulti- 
vated r 


Endophyllum, Lév. 
E. Sempervivi, Lév. 
On Sempervivum tectorum. 


Gymnosporangium, Castagne. 


G. Sabine, Wint. 


Teleutospores on Juniperus 
Sabina. 


Melampsora, Castagne. 


M. Lini, Wint. 

On Linum catharticum. 
M. farinosa, Schröt. 

On Salix DEP 
M. populina, 

On a sa aa A 
M. betulina, Desm. 

On Betula alba. 

Coleosporium, Lév. 

C. Senecionis, Wint 

git Sn on Sedi vul- 


gam 
C. Saint Schrit, 
On Sonchus oleraceus. 
C. Campanula, Wint 
On Campanula Trachelium. 
C. Euphrasiae, Wint. 
On Euphrasia officinalis, 
Chrysomyxa, Unger. 
C. nimia me as 
On Pyr 
Cronartium, Fick 
C. flaccidum, 4/b, & Schw. 
On Paronin 


USTILAGINEÆ. 


Ustilago, Pers. 
U. longissima, Wint. 
On Glyceria aquatica. 
U. hypodytes, /7ies. 
On Triticum repens. 


, Caricis, Wint. 

On Carex panicea.. 
U. olivacea, Tul, 

On Carex riparia. 


U. Scabiosæ, Wint. 
D a —— of Scabiosa 
ensis. 


"y, "uds 


Sphacelotheca, De Bary. 
S. Hydropiperis, De Bary. 
In the ovary of Polygonum 
Hydropiper. 
Urocystis, Rab. 
U. Colchici, Twi. 
On Colchicum autumnale. 
U. Gladioli, W. G, Smith, 
On Gladiolus. 
U. Anemones, Schröt. 
On Ranunculus repens. 
U. Violæ, Berk. § Broome. 


, Tul. 
In the anthers of Chionodoxa 
Lucilia 


On odorata and V. 
can 


Entyloma, De Bary. 
E. Ranunculi, Wint 
On Zanunculus Ficaria. 
Tuburcinia, Fries. 
T. Scabies, Berk. 
On potato tubers. Causing the 
disease known as “ scab.” 
Doassansia, Cornu. 
D. Sagittariae, Schrot. 
On Sagittaria sagittifolia. 


153 


Thecaphora, Zing. 
On Calystegia sepium. 
Graphiola, Poitier. 
G. Phoenicis, Moug. 
On leaves of Phoenia dacty- 
lifera. 


SPH A:ROPSIDE:. 


SPHJERIOIDEJE. 


The majority of species Ute 
in the present family occur on leave 


majority require the use of a pocket- 
lens for their detection. 
Phoma, Fries. 
P. Coluteæ, Saccar 
On. branches of Cd arbo- 
rescens. 
P. Coronille, West. 

On Coronilla merus 
[ties halimifolia. 
P. Sopharæ, Saccardo. 

On Sophora japonica. 
P. Amorphæ, Saccardo. 
On Amorpha fruticosa. 
P. Herminieræ, Che 
On Herminiera Elaphroxylon. 


and 


P. Ryckholtii, Saccardo. 
On Symphoricarpus. 
P. Xylostei, Che. & Mass. 
On Lonicera. 
P. viventis, Che. 
On living twigs of Lonicera. 
P. Beckhausii, Che 
On Viburnum Lantana. 
P. Weigelise, Speg. 
On Diervilla rosea. 


Phoma—cont. | 
P. sambucella, Saccardo. 
On Sambucus nigra. 
P. Landegheimiz, Saccardo, 
On Philadelphus. 
P. Philadelphi, Che. 
On Philadelphus. 
P. foveolaris, Fries. 
On Euonymus 
P. Celastriniz, C 
On ead americanus. 
P. berberina, Saccardo. 
On Berberis vulgaris. 
P. Prunorum, Che 
On Prunus Laurocerasus. 
P. Pruni-lusitanice, Che. 
On Prunus lusitanica. 
P. libertiana, Sacc. § Roum. 
On Larix europeus. 
P. Sorbariæ, Che. 
On Spirea japonica and 
Neill i eti 
P. Opulif 
On edis ecd 
P. Mali, Schulzer & Sace. 
On apple twi 
P. ambigua. Siri. 
On pear twigs. 
P. Amelanchieris, Che. 
On Amelanchier. 


Phoma—coné. 

P. pusilla, Schulzer & Sacc. 
On Rosa canina. 

P. incarcerata, Saccardo. 
On Hosa canina. 

P. Viniferz, Che. 
On Vitis vinifera. 

P. diplodioides, Saccardo 


On Aesculus Hippocastanum. 


P. scobina, Che. 

On Fraximus excelsior. 
P. Forsythiz, Che. 

On Forsythia. 
P. aromatica, Che 


On Calycanthus occidentalis, 


P. domestica, Saccardo. 

On Jasminum officinale. 
P. Jasmini, Che. 

On Jasminum officinale. 
P. depressa, Lév. 

On Syringa vulgaris. 
P. Laurella, Saccardo. 

On Laurus nobilis. 
P. Rhododendri, Che. 

On Rhododendron. 
P. Corni, Feki. 

On Cornus suecica. 
P. Barbari, Cke. 

On Lycium barbarum. 
P. viridarii, Saccardo. 

On Magnolia. 
P. stictica, Berk. & Broome. 

On Buxus sempervirens. 
P. cistina, Che. 

On Cistus laurifolius. 
P. robergeana, Saccardo. 

On Staphylea pinnata. 
P. Staphyleæ, Che. 

On Staphylea pinnata. 
P. Ophites, Saccardo. 

On Hibiscus syriacus. 
P. Exui, Saccardo. 

On Maclura aurantiaca. 
P. Loti, Che. 
On ie. yros Lotus. 


154 


Phoma— cont. 
P. Tecomz, Saccardo. 
On Tecoma radicans. 
P. Radicantis, Che. 
On Tecoma radicans. 
P. platanoides, Che. 
On Acer Pseudoplatanus. 
P. Lebiseyi, Saccardo. 
On Negundo aceroides. 
P. velata, Saccardo. 
On Tilia vulgaris, &c. 
P. Paulownie, Thum. 
On Paulownia imperialis. 
P. tamaricella, Saccardo. 
On Tamarix. 
P. Tamarisci. Mont. 
On Tamarix gallica. 
P. eleagnella, Che. 
On Eleagnus. 
P. papalocystis, Saccardo. 
On Platanus 
P. moricola, Ile. 
On Morus nigra. 
P. crassipes, Che. 
On Broussonetia papyrifera. 
P. cinerascens, Saccardo. 
On Ficus Carica. 
P. juglandina, Saccardo. 
On Juglans regia. 
P. quercella, Sacc. & Roum. 
On Quercus coccinea. 
P. salicina, West. 
On Salix viminalis. 
P. ligustrina, Saccardo. 
On Zigustrum. 
P. oppilata, Fries. 
On Betula alba. 
P. Celtidis, Che. 
On Celtis cccidentalis. 
P. leucostigma, Z 
On leaves "^  Hedera and 
ucus, 
P. pustulata, Saccardo. 
On branches «d Acer palmatum. 
P. collabens, C. 


On living lee of Prunus 
lusitan 


155 


Phoma—cont. 
P. Rhodorz, Che. 
On Rhododendron leaves. 
P. dispersus, Che. 
On leaves of Platanus. 
P. Aucube, West. 
On leaves of Aucuba japonica. 
P. Mahonie, Thum 
On leaves of Berberis Aqui- 
folium. 
P. vulgaris, Saccardo. 
On leaves of Clematis Vitalba, 
P. Lingam, 7 
On stem of Brassica oleracea, 
P. Alcearum, Che. 
On leaves of Althea rosea. 
P. Malvacearum, /Vest. 
On Malva moschata. 
P. Arctii, Lasch. 
On Arctium lappa. 
P. Dipsaci, Che. 
On Dipsacus sylvestris. 
P. Achillez, Saccardo. 
On Achillea Millefolium. 
P. Dahliz, Berk 
On Dahlia. 
P. rubella, Che. 
On stems of various Umbel- 
liferous plants. 
P. Dulcamare, Saccardo. 
On Solanum Dulcamara. 
P. Tatule, Che. 
On Datura Stramonium. 
P. Polemonii, Che. 
On Polemonium coeruleum. 
P. Labiatarum, Che. 
On Marrubium. 
P. Spire, Desm. 
On Spirea Ulmaria, 
P. Herbarum, /Vest. 


On Digitalis, Malva, Aristo- 
e ute and Menis- 
perm 


p. ion, Che. 
On Polygonum cuspidatum. 


Phoma—cont. 
F. Che. 

On Epilobium teh tea 
and Oenothera bie 


P. ogee Sacca 
n Erysimum "Alliaria and 
Sisymbrium austriacum. 


p. n Saccardo. 
On TEE Y canadense. 
P. Calys : , 
On Calystegia sepium. 
P. durandiana, Sacc. & Roum. 
On Rumex. 
P. Lysimachiz, Che. 
On Lysimachia vulgaris. 
P. glandicola, Desm. 
On fallen acorns, 
P. Morphze, Saccardo. 
On stems and capsules 
Papaver somniferum. 
P. Chamaeropsis, Ce. 
On palm petioles. 
P. Acori, Che. 
On Acerus Calamus. 
P. Rusci, Saccardo. 
On stems and phyllodes ot 
Ruscus. - 


© 
my 


P. nebulosa, Fries, 
On stem of Gentiana thibelica. 
P. Typharum, Feckt. 
On Typha angustifolia. 
P. pulla, Saccardo. 
On Zedera Helia. 
P. notha, Berk. 
On Platanus. 
P. planiuscula, Saccardo. 
On Robinia Pseudacacia and 
Ulmus PES 
P. Solidaginis, C. 
On D me 
P. Samarorum, Desm. 
On fruit of Fraxinus excelsior. 
Coniothyrium, Corda. 
C. cassiæcolum, Ce. 
On stems of Cassia mary- 
landica. 


Coniothyrium—cont. 
C. concentricum, Desm 


An injurious parasite, form- 
ing large dead blotches on the 


Rhabdospora, JM. 
R. PPAS, Saccardo. 
On branches of Vitis vinifera. 
Diplodia, Desm. 
D. atrata, Desm. 
On Negundo aceroides. 
D. Genistarum, Che. 
On Genista aetnensis, 
D. Amorphe, Wallr. 
On Amorpha fruticosa. 
D. cistina, Cke. 
On Cistus laurifolius. 
D. Roumegueri, Saccardo, 
On Prunus Laurocerasus. 


D. sambucina, Saccardo. 
On Sambucus nigra. 
D. Lantanæ, Fekl. 
On Viburnum Lantana. 
D. Paulowniæ, 
On Paulownia imperialis. 
D. Li i, West. 
On Ligustrum vulgare. 
D. laurina, Saccardo. 
On Laurus nobilis. 
D. Elæagni, Pass 
On Eleagnus angustifolius. 
D. Celtidis, Roum. 
On Celtis occidentalis. 
D. Mori, West 
On Morus alba. 
D. microsporella, Saccardo. 
On Ligustrum ovalifolium. 
D. inconspicua, Che. 
Mia rmm of Buxus semper- 


D. Magnstion 173 
n twigs n eai of Mag- 
nolia grandiflora. 
D. Sarmen Fries. 


On Menispermum canadense. 


156 


Diplodina, Saccardo. 
D. Salicis, West. 
On Salix babylonica. 
D. deformis, Karsten. 
On Sambucus nigra. 


Hendersonia, Berk. 
H. vagans, Fckl. 
On Fraxinus. 
H. Loniceræ, Fries. 
On mesi 
H. Tiliæ 
On Toi EE o 
H. ambiens, Che. 
On Acer dasycarpum. 


Camarasporium, Schultz. 

C. Berberidis, C£ 

On twigs at Berberis vulgaris. 
C. Limoniz, Che. 

On Citrus trifoliata. 
C. cistinum, Ce. 

On Cistus laurifolius. 
C. Quercus, Saccardo. 

n Quercus coccinea. 

C. Mori, Saccardo, 

On Morus alba. 

Cytispora, Fries. 

C. microspora, Corda. 

On Amelanchier. 
C. atra, Bon. 

On Morus alba. 
C. carbonacea, Fries. 

On Celtis occidentalis. 
C. Schweinitzii, Saccardo. 

On Salix fragilis. 
C. Salicis, Rabh. 

On Salix vitellina. 
C. intermedia, Saccardo. 


C. flavovirens, Saccardo. 
On Acer. 


C. ambiens, Saccardo. 

On Fraxinus and Betula.  . 
C. Euonymi, Che. 

On Euonymus americanus. 


Cytispora—cont. 
C. Staphylex, Che. 


On EN i pinnata and S. 


trifolia 
C. Jasmini, "E 
On Jasminum officinale. 
C. Palmarum, Che. 
On petioles of palm leaves. 
Phyllosticta, Pers. 
P. Pavie, Desin. 
On <lesculue parviflora. 
P. 8. Desm 
On Cotoneaster Hid: 
P. Euonymi, Saccardo. 
On Euonymus europeus. 
P. tinea, Saccardo. 
On Viburnum Tinus. 
P. Syringæ, West. 
On Syringa. vulgaris. 
P. Phillyreæ, Saccardo. 
On Phillyrea. 
P. Rhododendri, West. 
On Rhododendron. - 
P. Arbuti, Desm. 
On Arbutus Unedo. 
P. Garryx, Che. $ Hark. 
On Garrya elliptica. 
P. ilicicola, Fries. 
On holly leaves. 


P, Mauotie, var. Cookei, Sac- 


On Ma gnolia grandiflora. 


P. Paulowniæ, Saccardo. 

On Paulownia imperialis. 
P. sidaecola, Cke. 

On Napea dioica. 
P. Brassica, Currey. 

On Brassica. 
P. Epimedii, Saccardo. 

On Epimedium alpinum. 
.P. Impatientis, Kirch. 

On — parviflora. 


Phyllosticta—cont. 


P. destructiva, D 
On Malva tiei 
P. Dulcamaræ, Saccardo. 
On Solanum Dulcamara. 
P. Plantaginis, Saccardo. 
On Plantago major. 
P. Aizoon, Che. 
On Sedum Aizoon. 
P. Podophylli, Curt. 
On Podophyllum peltatum. 
P. hydrophila, Speg. 
On Nymphea alba. 
P. ruscicola, Desm. 
On Ruscus aculeatus. 


Asteroma, DC. 


A. Solidaginis, 
On Solidagh Rem 


A. delicatulum, Desm. 
On Colutea arborescens. 


Septoria, Fries. 


S. cornicola, Desin. 
On Cornus 
S. Ligustri, Desm. 
On Zigustrum. 
S. Chelidonii, Desm. 
On Chelidonium majus. 
S. Lycopi, Pass. 
On Lycopus europeus. 
S. Doronici, Pas. 
On presi Pardalianches. 
S. Centaurez, Roum. 
On Centaurea nigra. 
S. Aristolochiz, Saccardo. 
On Aristolochia Clematitis. 


Leptostroma, Fries. 


L. filicinum, Fries. 
On Pteris aquilina. 


Discula, Saccardo. 


D. Desmazierii, Berk. $ Broome. 
living. branches of Tilia 
pegar and T.platyphyllos. 

t destructive tree 
eti present in the Gar- 
dens, destroying the bark and 
hence killing the branches of 


158 


Discula—cont. 
the European Feels of Tilia. 
Several i saar the neigh- 


bourhood of Kew have been 
dtp killed by this 
parasite. 


Gloeosporium, Mont. 
G. Aquilegie, Thum. 
On Aquilegia. 
G. Berberidis, Che. 
On Berberis asiatica. 
G. nervisequum, Saccardo. 
On living leaves of Platanus 
orientalis and P. acerifolia. 
A very destructive parasite, 
causing the leaves to fall 
prematurely. 


Cryptosporium, Kunze. 


C. Hippocastani, Che 
On Aesculus Hippocastanum. 
Libertella, Hm 
L. Rosz, D 
On bark of Beta alba. 
Melanconium, Link. 
M. sphæroideum, Zink. 
On Alnus incana. 


Melanconium —cont. 
M. bicolor, ees. 
On bark of Betula and Quercus. 
Cheirospora, Fries. 
C. hederico!a, Saccardo. 
On Zedera Helix. 
Coryneum, Nees. 
C. cistinum, Che. 
On itis laurifolius. 
C. umbonatum, JVees 
On Ulmus and ier cus. 
C. notarisianum, Saccardo. 
On Betula papyrifera. 
Pestalozzia, De Not. 
P. Guepini, Desm. 
Parasitie on living leaves of 
cultivated species of Ca- 


mellia, causing unsightly 
greyish-white “blotches to 


Steganosporium, Corda. 
S. cellulosum, Corda. 
On bark of Tilia cordata. 


HYPHOMYCETES. 


MUCEDINE, 


Oospora, Wallr, 
0. fasciculata, Sace. § Vogl. 

On Epilobum montanum. 

0. inaequalis, Che. § Mass, 
On bamboo culms. 
Fusidium, Link. 
F. griseum, Link. 
On dead oak leaves. 
Monilia, Pers. 
M. fructigena, Pers. 

A very destructive parasite to 
apples, which under its in- 
fluence become spotted and 
unsaleable. 

. M. pruinosa, Che. § Mass. 
On fading leaves of Caladium. 


Cylindrium, Bon. 
C. Cordae, Saccardo. 
On dead oak leaves. 
C. flavo-virens, Bon 
On dead leaves of oak and 
beech. 


ematurely, consequently 
the fruit pos not ripen pro- 
perly. 
0. erumpens, Che. & Mass. 
On living leaves of Rivea 
hypocrateriformis. 


159 


Oidium— cont. 
0. monilioides, Link. 
On erin leaves of Holcus 
lana 
0. cael Des 
On living leaves ve cultivated 
roses. 


Oidium—cont. 
0. Chrysanthemi, Rab. 
On living leaves of cultivated 
varieties of Chrysanthemum. 
0. pactolinum, Che. 


On living leaves of Jasminum. 


CEPHALOSPORIE E. 


Botryosporium, Corda. 
B. pulchrum, Corda. 


Overrunning stored Dahlia 
tubers. 
(Edocephalum, Preuss. 


0. Preusii, Saccardo. 
On dead leaves of Heuchera. 
0. sulphureum, Che. § Mass. 
On decaying rope. 


Rhopalomyces, Corda. 
R. elegans, Corda. 
On decaying vegetable matter. 
Trichoderma, Pers. 
T. viride, Pers. 
On decaying wood, &c. 
his is considered p» men the 
conidial condition of Hypo- 
ea rufa. 


ASPERGILLEX, 


Aspergillus, Micheli. 
A. glaucus, Link, 
On all kinds of damp or decay- 
ing pem 
A. candidus, Link. 
On sae yis iut & c. 
Penicillium, Link. 
P. glaucum, Link. 
On decaying plants. 
P. candidum, Link. 
On decaying plants. 
Hyphoderma, Fries. 
H. roseum ies. 
On rotten wood. 
Rhinotrichum, Corda. 
R. repens, Preuss. 
On rotten wood. 
R. niveum, Che. & Mass. 
On old wood. 
R. Bloxami, Berk. & Broome. 
On dead wood. 
Sporotrichum, Link. 
S. laxum, Nees. 
On rotten wood. 


Sporotrichum— conf. 
S. sulphureum, Grev. 
On dead bark. 
S. chlorinum, Link. 
On fallen oak leaves. 


Monosporium, Bon 
M. ve maa Che. & Mass. 
On dung 


Botrytis, Micheli. 


B. corolligena, Che. & Mass 
On fading corolla of Calceo- 
laria. (See plate. 
B. argillacea, Che = 
On wood. 


B. Croci, Che. & Mass. 
On dead leaves of Crocus. 
B. fascicularis, Corda 
On dead pericarps of Aesculus 
Hippocastanum. 
B. cinerea, Pers. 
On decaying vegetable matter. 
B. vulgaris, Fries 


and also on living 


some are known to 


160 


Botrytis—cont 
be the conidial forms of 
species of Peziza, At a 


certain kinds of 


possible to grow these plants 
in succession, if the disease 
has once gained a footing. 


B. cana, Kze. & Schm. 
On decaying plants. 
B. vera, Fries. 
. On dead herbaceous plants. 


Ovularia, Saccardo. 
0. lychnicola, Mass. 
On living leaves of Lychnis 
dioica. 
0. Berberidis, Che. 
On living leaves 
astatica, 
0. Filipendule, Che. 
On st? leaves of Spirea 
Filipendula. 
0. Syringz, Berk. 
On living leaves 
vulgaris. 


of Berberis 


of Syringa 


Sepedonium, Link. 
S. chrysospermum, — 

On various deca gi. 
Said to be the ete form of 
Hypomyces chrysospermus, 
Tul. 


VERTICILLIEZE. 


Verticillium, Nees. 
V. Candelabrum, Bon. 
On rotten wood. 
V. compactiusculum, Saccardo. 
On decaying plants, 
V. ampelinum, Che. § Mass. 
On living stem of Vitis. 
V. lateritium, Berk. 
On decaying herbaceous stems. 
Acrostolagmus, Corda. 
A. cinnabarinus, Corda. 
On decaying plants. 
Trichothecium, Link, 


T. roseum, Link, 
On dead bark, decaying fruit, 
&c. 


T, candidum, Wallr.. 
On dead bark. 
Arthrobotrys, Corda. 
| A. rosea, Mass. 
On rotten wood. 


Mycogone, Link. 
M. rosea, Link. 
On decaying agaries. 
M. cervina, Ditm. 
On decaying Peziza. 
Ramularia, Feckt. 
R. lactea, Fehl. 
On living leaves of Viola 
odorata. 
R. Hellebori, Feckt. 
On Helleborus fætidus. 


R. variabilis, Fehl. 
On living leaves of Verbascum 


Helicomyces, Link. 
H. tubulosus, Riess. 
On rotten wood, 


161 


CONIO SPORE. 
Coniosporium, Link. Coniosporium—cont. 
C. Arundinis, Saccardo. C. olivaceum, Zink. 
On Arundo Donax. On wood. 
TORULE. 
Torula, Pers. Torula—cont. 


T. monilioides, Corda. 
On rotten wood. 
T. pulveracea, Corda. 
On rotten wood. 
T. Herbarum, Zink 
On dead herbaceous stems. 
T. gyrosa, Che. & Mass. 
On rotten pine wood. 


T. antennata, Pers. 
On rotten wood. 

T. ovalispora, Berk. 
On rotten w 

T. Graminis, Corda. 
On dead grass leaves, 

T. asperula, Saccardo. 
On damp paper. 


 ECHINOBOTRYEJE. 

Echinobotryum, Corda. 
E. atru m, Corda. 
On rotten wood, 


PERICONIEAE, 
Stachybotrys, Corda. Stachybotrys—cont 
S. atra, Corda. S. rula, Mass 
On damp paper. On damp packing paper.” 
S. lobulata, Berk. S. Che. 
On damp paper. On damp paper. 
ARTHRINEX. 


Arthrinum, Kunze. 
A. caricicolum, Kunze. 
On dead leaves of Carex. 


'TRICHOSPORIE EX. 


Trichosporium, Fries. 


Zygodesmus, Corda. 


T. umbrinum, Saccardo. Z. fuscus, Corda. 
On rotten bark. On rotten wood. 
fuscum, Saccardo. 

On pine bark. 
MONOTOSPOREJE. 
Monotospora, Fries. ae 
M. pumila, J£ 


M. sphaerocephala, Berk. $4 
Broome. 
On decaying vegetation. 


M. repens, Mass. - 
On dead plants. 


Parasitic on an Gul m 
fiexuosum. 


M. asperospora, Che, & Mi 
On esti onerat Clematis. 


Hadrotrichum, shes 
H. arundinace Che. & Mass. 
On dead pp conspicua. 


162 


Acremoniella, Saccardo. 
A. fusca, Saccardo. 
On rotten wood. 


HAPLOGRAPHE. 


Haplographium, Saccardo. 
H. Chartarum, Saccardo. 
On wet paper, 
Dematium, Pers. 
D. hispidulum, Fries. 
On dead 
Dona. 


leaves of Arundo 


Dematium-— cont. 
D. vinosum, Mass. 
On damp, gummed paper. 


MYXOTRICHEX. 


Bolacotricha, Berk. & Broome. 


B. grisea, Berk. & Broome. 
On decaying sacking. 


Myxotrichum, Kunze. 
um, Kunze. 
On damp paper. 


BisPOREZE. 
Bispora, Corda. 
B. monilioides, Corda. 


CLADOSPORIEJE. 


Polythrincium, Kunze. 
P. Trifolii, Kunze. 
On living leaves of Trifolium 
medium. 


Cladosporium, Link. 
C. epiphyllum, Mart. 
On dead leaves of various trees. 
C. spherospermum, Penzig. 
On leaves of Citrus. 


Cladosporium —cont. 
C. Herbarum, Link. 
On decaying herbaceous plants, 
fungi, &c. 
C. nodulosum, Corda. 
On rotten wood. 
C. fasciculare, Fries. 
On stems of Lilium auratun. 
C. Orchidearum, Che. § Mass. 
On leaves of many species of 
cultivated orchids. 


CLASTEROSPORIE. 
Clasterosporium, Schw. Clasterosporium—cont. 
C. fasciculare, Saccardo. C. vivid Saccardo. s 
n the hymenium of living 
On demi wood. Corticium molle. z 
HELMINTHOSPORIEÆ. 
Helminthosporium, Link. Helminthosporium—cont. 
H. velutinum, Link. H. macrocarpum, Grev. 
On rotten wood. On dead wood. 
H. exasperatum; Berk. & Broome. H. eri Corda. 
On fading leaves of Dianthus On w 
deltoides and other cary- H. eor Corda. 
ophyllaceous plants. On wood. 


163 


Helminthosporium—cont, 
H. Smithii, Berk. & Broome, 
On dead holly. 
H. densum, Sace. § Roum. 
On dead branch of Morus alba. 
Brachysporium, Saccardo. 
B. stemphylioides, Corda. 
On dead wood 
B. apicale, Berk. § Broome, 
On dead branches. 
B. obovatum, Berk. 
On rotten wood. 
Cercospora, Fresenius. 
C. Calthæ, Cke. 
On ome leaves of Caltha 
palustris 
C. moricola, Che. 
On leaves of Morus rubra. 
C. concentrica, Che. 
On leaves of ene aer ci 
and Y. glorio 


Heterosporium, Klotzsch. 
H. echinulatum, Che. 

On living leaves of species of 
Convallari ,58 
Smilax. When abundantly 
developed, this species proves 

an i njurious parasite, 
destroying the foliage. 
H. Laricis, Che. & Mass. 
On larch leaves. 


H. minutulum, Che. & Mass. 
On ems leaves of Chamerops 
humilis 
H. Typharum, Che. § Mass. 
On living leaves of bs 
angustifolia 
H. epimyces, Che. & Mass. 
On old specimens of Pol 
squamosus, Boletus felleus, 
and Russula nigricans, 


MACRONEMEX. 


Stemphylium, Wallr. 
S. asperosporum, Che. § Mass. 
On damp paper. 
Macrosporium, Fries. 
M. commune, Za. 
On decaying plants. 
M. Sarcinula, Berk. 
On decaying Peonia albiflora. 
M. nobile, Vize 
On decaying eaves of Dianthus. 


Macrosporium—cont. 
M. Alliorum, Che. & Mass. 
On fading leaves of Allium. 
M. Convallaria, 77es. 
On fading leaves of Polygo- 
natum multiflorum. 
Fumago, Pers. 
F. vagans, Pers. 
Forming sooty Reset on leaves 
of Ulmus campestris 


HELICOSPOREJE. 


Helicosporium, Vees. 
H. viride, Saccardo. 
On decaying birch wood. 


STILBEZ. onu 
Stilbum, Tode. Stilbum— cont. . i 
S. tomentosum, Schr S. erythrocephalum, Ditm 
Parasitic on Trichia varia. On rabbit dung. . 
S. vulgare, Tode. ‘Ss. ue d snis pà Bone 
On rotten wood. 


u 98272. 


D 


164 


Stilbum—-cont. 
S. fimetarium, Berk. & Broome. 
On rabbit dung. 
S. turbinatum, Tode. 
On rotten wood. 
S. citrinellum, Che. § Mass. 
On fading leaves of Lycopodium, 
Isaria, Pers. 
I, citrina, Pe 
On Sibi Pals yporus. 


On willow bark, 
Sporocybe, Fries. 
S. atra, Saccardo. 
On dry leaves of Holcus mollis. 


Graphium, Corda. 
G. graminum, Che. & Mass. 
On dead leaves of Gynerium 
argenteum. 
G. Passerinii, Saccardo. 
On dead stems of Gynerium 
argenteum. 
G. subulatum, Saccardo, 
On bark. 
G. flexuosum, Saccardo. 
bark. 


Stysanus, Corda. 
S. Stemonites, Corda. 
On rotten wood. 
Arthrobotryum, Cesati. 
A. atrum, Berk. & Broome. 
On fallen branches. 


TUBERCULARIEÆ. 
Tubercularia, Tode. Aegerita, Pers. 
T: Tode A. candida, Pers. 


On dead branches. 

T. versicolor, Saccardo. 

On dead branches of Buxus 
sempervirens, which were 
probably mes d the fungus. 

T. subpedicella 
On dead rel " Bering: 
T. Ligustri, Che. 

On dying pcm of Ligus- 

trum ovalifolius 


T. Euonymi, Roum. 
On branches of Euonymus 
europeus. 
T. expallens, 7j 
On dead branches of Aesculus 
ippoc 
T. Aesculi, Tem 
On — Rat Aesculus Hip- 
poc 
T. ae. p. 
On branches of  Sambucus 
nigra. 
T. confluens, Per 


On rami of Aranthopanin 
spino 


| 


On damp elder bark. 


Volutella, Tode. 
V. ciliata, Vries. 
On decaying Crocus corms. 
V. Hyacinthorum, Berk. 
On decaying hyacinth bulbs. 
V. setosa, Berk. 


On dead ese 
candidus 


of Lilium 


Bactridium, Kunze. 
B. flavum, Kunze. 
On rotten wood. 
Fusarium, Zink. 
F. pyrochroum, Saccardo. 
On dead branches. 
F. viticola, Thum. 
On branches of Vitis incon- 
stans. 


F. diffusum, Carm. 
On dead thistle stems. 
F. roseum, Link. 


On decaying vegetable matter. 


165 


Fusarium—cont. | Epicoccum—cont. 
F. heterosporum, Vee E. Herbarum, Cord. 
On the idorogostitt of Holcus On dead leaves "of Typha 
mollis, angustifolia. 
F. bulbigenum, Che. & Mass. | E. purpurascens, Ehrh. 
On bulbs of Narcissus. | On ori js stems of Gynerium 
argent 


Epicoccum, Link. 


E. vulgare, Corda. Myrothecium, Tode. 


M. roridum, Tode 


On decaying herbaceous stems. 
E Pod On decaying vigetibla matter. 
in Sor. "ner saa and mag one cnn eh 
On decaying Boletus luridus. 


Scirpus Eriophorum. 
E. neglectum, Desin. Exosporium, Link. 
On leaves of Phragmites and E. Tilie, Lin 


Scirpus Eriophorum. On bark of 7 Tilia vulgaris. 
APPENDIX. 
MYXOGASTRES. 


A very beautiful group of organisms, remarkable alike for beauty of 
form, brilliancy of coloration, Faz their remarkable life-history. Most of 
the spec ies are minute, an e not uncommon on rotten wood, moss, &e. 
There is a difference of. cpitáois as to the affinities of this group, which 
by some authorities is considered as related to Fungi, whereas others place 
it in the Animal Kingdom. Coloured figures, along with descriptions of all 
the British species, are contained in * | Monograph of the Myxogastres.” 
Twenty-five genera and fifty species have been collected in the grounds, 
just um half the number known to occur in Britain 


TUBULINES. 
Tubulina, Pers. | Enteridium, Xost. 
T, cylindrica, Rost. E. olivaceum, Zost. 
On dead wood. On stumps. 
T. effusa, Mass. 
On rotten wood. | 
CRIBRARLE. 
Cribraria, Pers. | Dictydium, Schrad. 
C. intricata, Schrad. D. cernuum, Nees. 
On rotten wood. On rotten wood. 


Stemonitis, Gled. 
S. fusca, Rost. 
On rotten wood. 


S. typhina, Mass. 

~ On rotten wood. 

S. friesiana, De Ba 
On dead leaves, 


Lamproderma, Aost. 
L. violaceum, Rost. 


On living Hypnum. 


L. irideum, Mass. 
On dead leaves. 


Perichæna, Fries. 
P. corticalis, Rost. 


Lycogala, Micheli. 
L, epidendrum, fost. 
On fallen trunks: 


Prototrichia, Rost. 
P. cuprea, Mass. 


Oligonema, ost. 
0. nitens, Post. 
On dead bark. 
Trichia, Haller. 
T. fragilis, Host. 
On dead wood. 


T. varia, Rost. 
On dead moss. 


Chondrioderma, Post. 


C. floriforme, Rost. 
On mosses. 


C. difforme, £ 


ost. 
On dead hawthorn leaves, 


166 


STEMONITEX. 


Brefeldia, Zost. 
B. maxima, Rost. 
On fallen trunks. 
Reticularia, Bull. 


R. Lycoperdon, Rost. 
On wood and bark. 


LAMPRODERMEÆ. 


Lamproderma—cont. 
L. arcyrioides, Rost. 
On rotten wood, 


ARCYRIEZ. 


Arcyria, Mill. 
_A. punicea, Rost. 
On rotten wood. 
A. incarnata, Rost. 
On dead bark. 
A. nutans, Rost. 
On rotten wood. 
A. cinerea, Mass. 
On dead wood. 


'TRICHEX. 


Trichia—cont. 
T. abrupta, Che. 
On dead wood. 


T. scabra, Post. 
On dead wood. 


T. fallax, Rost. 
On rotten wood. 


Drpyugs. 


Didymium, Schrad. 


On living moss. 


On dead leaves. 


D. farinaceum, Schrad. 


D. squamulosum, Fries. 


Didymium—cont. . 
D. microcarpon, Rost. 
On dead leaves, 
D. Clavus, Rost. 
On dead twigs. 
D. Serpula, Fries. 


On dead oak leaves. 


167 


Lepidoderma, De Bary. 
L. tigrinum, Rost. 
On rotten wood. 
Spumaria, Pers. 
S. alba, DC. 
On living grass. 
Diachza, Fries. 
D. leucopoda, Post. 


On dead leaves. 


PnysanEsE. 
Craterium, Trent. 
C. confusum, Mass. 
On dead grass. 
C. aureum, Fost. 
On dead bark. 


Badhamia, Berk. 
B. macrocarpa, Rost. 
On dead bark. 

B. panicea, Rost. 
Physarum, Pers. On twigs. 
P. leucopus, Fost. 

On dead wood. 

P. leucopheum, Fries. 

On dead twigs and moss. 
P. cinereum, Fost. 

On dead iden 
P. contextum, Xost 

On bark and moss. 
P. cerebrinum, Mass 


B. varia, Mass. 


On wood. 


Tilmadoche, Rost 
T. nutans, ost. 
On rotten wood. 
Leocarpus, Fost. 
L. fragilis, Rost. 
Fuligo, Rost. 


n wood and soil in a pot con- F. varians, Ros 


taining palm-seeds from Java. 


Probably an introduced On heap of ded leaves. 
species. (Monogr. Myz., 
p. 306, fig. 275.) 

DLIV. 


(Euonymus europeus, L.) 


Inquiries are a sae directed to Kew as to the manufacture of 
skewers from spindle-w The following interesting particulars 
respecting this charming British shrub are therefore reprinted from the 
St. James's Gazette for November 7 last. . 
The spindle tree (Euonymus ero ) is one of our native shrubs 
rnamental merit which are overlook 


168 


blossoms, which open in May, are inconspicuous; but the fruit when ripe 
in October has all the appearance of a flower of brilliant hues. The 
fruit, indeed, from its colour and shape, is the most distinctive as well as 
most beautiful feature of the tree. Each berry is four-lobed and of a 
lively rose-pink. When quite ripe the lobes open, disclosing four large 
seeds covered with a deep orange-coloured membrane, the seeds and the 
husk then presenting a curious but eo contrast. The wood of 
the spindle tree is exceedingly tough ; and t usks and stems of the 
berries partake of the same character, so that tone after the leaves have 
fallen these remain to enliven the wintry landseape. Birds will not 
touch them, and with human beings they act as a strong emetic and 
purgative. 
The wood is so compact and tough that it is hard to break and almost 
impossible to splinter. In the days of domestic industries, when every 


spindles ; hence de commonest name—a name by which it is known in 
Germany and Italy. It was also used for making the pointed ends 
of ox-goads ; miadi is derived another name of gatter tree, or prickwood. 
Chaucer calls the berries gaitre-berries, and in the Nennes Preestes Tale 
recommends them against agae and thehumours.* In Ireland it is called 
egwood, because shoemakers use it for pegs for shoes. In France it is 
also known by the name of priest's cap, from the resemblance of the berr 
in shape to a biretta. ‘Though goads and spindles are gone out of fashion, 
the wood is still employed in the making of a variety of small wares-- 
such as skewers, toothpicks, and fine pins for cleaning watches; an 
artists are said to prefer the ebareoal prepared from the branches to any 
Edi parti y from its excellent quality and partly because it is easily 

ace 

The spindle sb is easily propagated either from seed or from cuttings, 
It seems to prefer a chalky soil and a mild climate, and consequently 
flourishes best in the southern counties of England. It is said to be rare 
in Wales; in Scotland it is almost unknown. A variety of the common 
spindle tr ee, bearing berries with white instead of pink husks, is 
occasionally found ; but although the contrast between the white husks 

and the orange seeds is curious, the effect is less pleasing than that 
fae by the berries of the commoner sort. 


DLV.—MISCELLANEOUS NOTES, 
Retirement of Sir Robert m G.C.B.— The disappearance from 
ho inte ; 


be passed over without a few words of remembrance. The . Sir 
Robert Meade, after a varied official career became Assistant under 
Secretary to the Colonial Office in 1871 and Under-Secretary of State in 
1892, He retired on Feb em dà 28th of s present year 
The assistance which Kew can afford to the Colonies is — 
difficult to render on ordinati "official ities, Plants ¢ either be 
trensmitted nor treated afterwards by the same mechan ical aire as 
ordinary Government stores. Economic questions cannot always be 


7 diaago s plant is, however, generally supposed to be the Dogwood (Cornus 
a, K.). 


169 


dealt with on official fooiscap. Sir Robert Meade never failed to take a 
human view of possibilities, and many things were ‘accomplished 
accordingly which any other method would have made impracticable. 
A strong personal taste for botany and gardening made him keenly 
alive to the difficulties and limitations of any aid which could be given 
effectively to cultural carmen p Msi Colonies. Judicious vigour led 
him to clear away unnecessary difficulties in assisting any reasonable 
project. How much the "Colonies eet in this respect, to his unfailing 
attention to their welfare can never, perhaps, be wholly appreciated. 


Death of Sir John Thurston, K.C.M.G.—After 20 AS wor service in 
various e in the Pacific Sir John Thurston became Governor 
of Fiji and High Commissioner in the Western Pacific in 1887. He 
died in Febrasry last while still in office. His career was one of those 
which counts for little in the public eye; yet it was spent in capable 


knowledge and so self-sacrificing his devotion to its affairs in the 
Pacific Yee zs very pgs eene: barred his further career in the 
Colonial service. A correspondence with Kew, begun some 20 years 


flora, and Kew owes to him many new species whieh he successfully 
transmitted to it. The Colony he mdi so long was an object to him of 
almost parental affection, and his letters to Kew are a continuous record 
of his efforts to promote its material development, 


Seed Distribution.—The following is a statement of the number of 

kets of seeds distributed from the Royal Gardens during 1896-7 
(December 1 to March 31) to other Botanic Institutions at home 
and abroad :— 


Hardy ane” plants - - - 1228 
Ligneous plan - - 3018 
Various (tioktly tropical) " - - — 457 

10,698 


last year, tubers having been received from Mrs. Deglon, of Barberton. 
The figure of Grevillea hilliana was prepared from a specimen sent to 
Kew by Thomas Hanbury, Esq., of La Mortola. It is a native of 
Eastern Australia. Denürobibn sarmentosum from Burma was received 
from Mr. C. Curtis, F.L.S., Superintendent of the Botanic eren A nd 
Plantations of Penang. e flowers are violet-scented. Didymocarpus 
malayana is a new species, probably native of Penang, sent to Kew by 
Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, of Chelsea. 


i70 


Flora of British Central Africa. — The handsome and scholarly 
monograph on British Central Africa, which has been published by Sir 
Harry Johnston, late Her Majesty’s Commissioner and Consul-General 
for that region, stands out in marked contrast to the bulk of the ordinary 
ephemeral Sie pe literature of the day. Apart from the interest 
imparted to it by the robust common sense and lively personality of its 
author, it diia a singdlarly vivid picture of one of the most important 

our can possessions. But it must always remain a standard book 

of reference on the subject, if only for the pains with which its author 
has included in it the most accurate information which he could procure 
on every branch of the natural history of the territory under his charge ; 
and he had moreover spared no paius to have the collections made on 
which the reports are drawn u 

Kew willingly consented to his request for a list of the plants known 
to occur in British Central Africa from the materials preserved in the 
Hester of the Royal Gardens. This was accordingly prepared by 

H. Burkill, M.A., one of the scientific staff. It occupies 


Pie 238—284. 
- The following inte oductory note gives some account of the collections 
upon which it is 

* The taller, List compiled for the most part from the planis: and 
manuscript records in the Herbarium of the Royal Gardens, — inust 
be regarded as ST The knowledge of the flora of t ritish 
territory north of the Zambezi has been. so rapidly mene during 
recent years, and is yet so imperfectly known, that any account 
appr comple ae is at present impossible. Little has been 
published hitherto, and the facts now collected together will serve to 
bring into one view nearly all we know of the Botany of British Central 

rica. 

* The first collections were made by two members of the Livingstone 
RO M in the years 1861, 1862. Dr. (afterwards Sir) John Kirk and 


. C. Meller, while of the Shire River and wander- 
Mg in the Majianja hills made considerable collections, whic 
transmitted to Kew, some of them in time for description in the Flora 


of Tropical Africa. Sübeequünty Dr. Kirk journeyed up the Z c 
into the Batoka country, from the highlands of whic = from the 
region of the Victoria Falls other plants were sent hom The new 
species gathered by him were described in a variety of different publica, 
tions. In the following years Mr. Horace Waller, residing in the Maiianja 
hills, continued to transmit plants to Dr. Kirk, who was at that time 
Her Majesty’s Consul in Zanzibar. After this comes a gap of some years 
in which nothing was added to our knowledge, until Dr. Emil Holub- 

in 1879, returned from a journey during which he had made considerable 
Of these, a few of the plants had been yathered about 


collections. 

eke, almost the most northern point which he reached, and within 
the territory under ConidegaHon, At the same time (1873) 
Serpa Pinto made, in ourney across the continent, a small peleeees 
on the table-land over the River Ninda, and the plants of this were, in 
1881, described in tbe Transactions of the Tanga Society. mi, in 
this dade thelate Mr. Jo hn Bu chanan his inst co ection 


- art 
influence And with the help of Sir H 
Shire Highlands has been energetically pistor The M manii 
below of the names of J. Buchanan, G. F. Scott-Elliot, J. McClounie, 


171 


J. Last, A. Whyte, and K. C. Cameron shows how much has been done 
in. this region. Further north, in 1879, Mr. Joseph Thomson had 
gathered plants on the Nyasa-Tanganyika plateau, and these reached 
Kew in 1880. Messrs, Carson, Nutt, Scott-Elliot, and Sir H 
Johnston have Beg collected on the plateau, and the first.named on a 
porre es ng the Kalungwesi River to Lake Mweru. 
* The collection made at Boroma, on pen north of the Zambezi, by the 
Rev. L. Menyharth, is only in part 
* As a guide to iex Ae Rie "wm region has been divided into four 
sections, as follow 
l. Shire High 
2: N Vine “Tanganyika plateau; some of the aene probably collected 
he German side of the boundary lin 
3. antice west, aee Major Serpa Pinto alone has collected. 
4. Upper Zambez 
“Tt must be epe that SH the plants collected by Buchanan were 
obtained i in the Shire Highlands; all by Carson and Nutt, unless other- 
se stated, from the region- near the south end of Lake Tanganyika ; i 
all from Serpa Pinto from the one dien near the River Ninda; 
all from Menyharth from Bor It was not thought netsi t 
repeat these localities with the collectore names.’ 


Drift Seeds from the Keeling Islands.—Mr. H. N. Ridley, Director 
of the Gardens and Forest Me rerien Straits his ele om Due presented 
a small collection of drift seeds from the ing or s Islands, 

e by Mr. G. C. Ross, the present leasing of om islands, Mie contains 
little that has not been collected before under the same conditions, but 
it may be worth while putting the names on record. They ave:— 
Carapa moluccensis, Lam., three or four species of Mucuna, Erythri 
indica ?, Cynometra cauli iflora, L j Gaalpsnio Bonducella, Fl, Fatala 
scandens s, Benth., Barringtonia, Tevnisolid Catappa, L., Hernandia, 
three or e species of Quercus, Aleurites triloba, Forst., and Cycas 
circinalis, L. 


Algæ in the Kew Herbarium.—The re-arrangement and cataloguing 
of the Algæ in the Kew Herbarium will greatly facilitate reference to 
this extensive and valuable collection. For the sake of conveniene ce the 
classification and nomenclature adopted are those of De Toni’s Sylloge 

lg 2, and in this book ‘hp numbering of all the species consecutively 
is of considerable advantage for cataloguing purposes 

An especial value and infarkt attach to the Kew collection of 

arse 


recent authorities. Foremost among Vim stands the type colleetion of 
Dawson Turner, mostly mounted on glass slips and sncinteda in envelopes 
labelled i in his own handwriting. To this must be adde - numerous 
type specimens of Robert Brown, Stackhouse, Greville, Harvey, and 
others of our own countrymen ; whilst the rich herbaria of the Hookers 
father and son, of Berkeley, and of Mrs. Griffiths furnish abundant - 
material c the older cone authorities, supplemented by the 
more recent exsiccate of Rabenho cum Mate, aud Nordstedt, 
and the itato of the veteran x G. A, 
u 98272. E 


172 


It is not generally known that on the shelves of the Kew Library are 
to be found a series of volumes of coloured drawings by Miss Turner, 
Miss Hutchins, Carmichael, Dawson Turner, and others. These drawings 
are executed with great skill, and being in most cases accom y 
manuscript descriptions, present a mine of unworked material for future 
students of British algolo 

The puiniogue which is being prepared gives the locality aud collector’s 
name for every specimen in the herbarium, so that a preliminary glance 
at this list will show how far any partieular species is represented, and 
on whose authority. 


Broom Root.—An account of Broom root or Mexican whisk obtained 
from one or more species of grasses belonging to the genus Epicampes 
9° 


Zacaton.” During some years very little has been exported, but latterly 
increased interest fis been taken in them as a cheap substitute for the 
well-known Venetian whisk, derived from the roots of Chrysopogon 


Gryllus. The most recent information respecting Broom root is con- 
tained in the following ‘ Report for the year 1895 on the Trade of 
Mexico’ (F.O., 1896, Annual Series, No. 1827) :— 

“ From the roots of a coarse tufty grass, known as “ cornered which 
is found growing wild all over the highlands of Mexico, a fibre is 
extracted called “ Raiz de Zacaton,” which has found a mau S abroad 
for the manufacture of certain kinds of brushes and whisks. It is 
collected by hand, and is subjected t5 very little treatment before being 
baled, beyond being soaked in water and bleached in the sun. The 
principal "market. for this fibre is Hamburg, but the United States and 
France both take a certain amount. It has never obtained a foothold in 
the English market. The export in 1895 was valued at 67,5997. The 
price, according to the New York quotations, ranged in the year under 
question from 6c. to 14c. per lb., according to quality. * 


Snowdrop Disease.—Sno liable to be affected with a disease 

caused by a fungus (Sclerotinid. Galanthi). The following treatment 
is recommended for keeping it in check :— 

Spray at intervals of three days with a dilute solution of Bordeaux 
mixture*, or a rose-red solution of Condy's fluid. Do not spray when 
the sun is shining. ‘This will arrest the spread of the fungus, but will 
not cure thore plants already attacked. A white mould, or Botrytis 
stage of the fungus, originates from very minute sclerotia or resting 
stages, formed in the bulbs of the previous season. These sclerotia 

inate, grow up the flower stalk, and produce their crop of spores in 
the air. These, i in turn, germinate on the ground, grow down to the 
bulbs and attack those that are healthy, forming sclerotia which will in 
the following season produce the Botrytis form. The great point is to 
destroy the white mould, and thus prevent healthy bulbs from becoming 
infected. 
G. M. 


* See Kew Bulletin, 1889, p. 229. 


173 


A Canna Disease.—A dangerous disease, by which species of Canna 
are quickly destroyed, was first recorded from San Paulo, in Brazil, in 
Quite recently an account of the destruction of Cannas, by what 
proves to be the fos fungus, Uredo Canne, Winter, has been received 
from Mr. J. H. Hart, Superintendent of the Botanic ‘Gardens, Trinidad. 
Diseased leaves are i first thickly studded with minute, yellowish spots ; 
this appearance is cerise followed by blackening and death, The 
disease does not appear to have reached Europe as yet, and great care 
should be exercised in receiving living plants from the New World, as 
the fungus, which is a close. ally of the Hollyhock rust, Puccinia 
Malvacearum, if once introduced, would, in all probability, render 
impossible, for a time at least, the cultivation of Cannas. 


Double Rice,—In the agere bs of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 
for April 1895, Dr. D. Prain describes and figures what is known in 
In 


dia as Double Rice. g a s the phenomenon was found to be 
e to an increase in the number of ovaries, the other parts s the- 
flower being invariably of the normal namber. In the gyn 3 


o 
over 150 flowers examined not one was found with fewer than soar 
ovaries, ccd CPBSEHGRY perfect; the usual number being five. A few 
flowers were found to have six, and one or two had seven ovaries.. 
When five, six, or seven ovaries were present, sometimes only three, - 
usually four or five appeared to be perfect. ‘The ovaries may be o 
two-, or three-styled. Usually only two ovaries develop into ers 
sometimes three, and their shape is modified accordingly. 


Sorghum si gigi —The Sugar Sorghum or Broom Corn (Andropogon 
Sorghum, Brot., var. Saccharatus, Koern., is a grass largely cultivated 
in Northern India, China, and Japan, as as well as in the United States. 
It is, however, native of none of these countries, and its original home is 
obscure, but is probably Tropical Africa. For many years past æ- 
strenuous effort has been made in North America to utilise the sugar 

sorghum as a source of sugar in a zone north of that in which the sugar - 
cane is grown, The result has not, however, been very successful, as- 
the sugar can only be obtained for the most part in an uncryst allizable- 
form. Syrup is, however, a large article of Peay os in n United 
States, and this alone affords the industry a chance of su 

The following extract from The Louisiana Planter for Ta ember 1,. 
1894, gives what is no doubt a correct account of the industry from an 
American point of view. 


“ The Sorghum Industry, —Sorghum manufacture consists in making 
syrup and also sugar. It is a common error to measure the sorghum 
industry simply by i its yield of sugar. The value of the sorghum syrup 
product of the country is greater ‘than the value of the sorghum sugar. 
In smell factories syrup only is produced, and in large factories syrup, 
sugar, and molasses are produced. The sorghum crop is of sufficient 
importance in twenty-four States to be reported monthly by the govern- 
ment statistician, along with sugar cane, rice, wheat, corn, and othe 
leading Rim of the countr 

e season for sorghum manufacture usually € e dps At 
that season sugar cane syrup is not found i in market. s, then, a 
general demand for ‘new crop syrup. At the beginning of. the season 


174 


the syrup factories find a home market for their product, and the sugar 
factories use quantities of cane which is not fully ripe in the manufacture 
of 


ga 
sorghum has an advantage over beet manufacture in the fact that it is 
possible to make a fine sorghum syrup during the months when the 
market is bare of syrup, or whenever syrup pays better than sugar. 
Sugar refiners utilise a part of the residues of sugar refining by converting 
them into syrup, and it is said that there is sometimes more profit in the 
syrup made from the residues than. in the refined sugar, for the reason 


incidentally for crude syrup. ‘The result has been a small yield of sugar 
EC f cane worked for sugar, a large yield of molasses which 
includes a considerable amount of sugar which cann extra 
profitably, and inferior syrup which requires the manipulations of the 
‘mixers’ to fit it for use. It is not difficult to make a fine unerystal- 
lizable syrup from sorghum, which is superior for many purposes, if not 
all, to the common mixed syrups. Considering the immense sale of 
mixed syrups, there seems to be room fora syrup which can be produced 
ata low cost, and which is superior to the mixed syrups. There seems 
to be little profit in producing an inferior quality of syrup, which is 
wanted only by mixers, as there is little profit in producing articles of 
l e: 


ow grade in any Jin 


out that problem, as it required time in the sugar cane and g 
beet industries. hile an increase in sugar yield is and should be the 
main object of the sorghum sugar factories, yet while accomplishing that 
object is seems necessary to utilise the cane in the best possible way 
with regard to immediate financial results. 


ROYAL GARDENS, KEW. 


BULLETIN 


OF 


MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 


Nos. 125-126. | MAY and JUNE. (1897. 


DLVI.—INSECTS DESTRUCTIVE TO CULTIVATED 
S IN WEST AFRICA. 


ne of the difficulties inseparable from the work of opening 
plantations in new countries is the injury done to cultivated plants b 


found that the insects whose food supply has been destroyed attack the 
introduced plants and cause considerable loss, "This is inevitable under 
the cireumstances, and is a part of the penalty which the planter has to 
pay for interfering with the balance of nature 

In West Africa the attacks of insects have of late been more than 
usually bs uctive. umerous economic gene introduced for experi- 

mental cultivation at the Aburi Botanic Station, on the Gold Coast, 
have been almost entirely destroyed, while the newly established coffee 
plantations in the colony of Lagos have also suffered. Owing to the 
difficulty of obtaining satisfactory material and securing observations by 
skilled observers on the spot, it bas not been possible hitherto to do 
more than offer suggestions for further inquiry and a trial of methods 
a useful in dealing with the attacks of allied insects in other 
co es. 

ME the instance of the Government of the Gold Coast, an inquiry has 
been undertaken on behalf of Kew by Mr. Walte r F. H. Bla ndford, 
F.Z.S., F.E.S., with the view of identifying some ofi the insects, id of 
affording technical assistance in eaiing with future attacks. 

The correspondence which has led to the inquiry and Mr. Blandford’s 
Pene are detailed below.  'The information contained in these 
documents cannot fail to be of value to those who are engaged in 
eukita operations in West Africa :— 


CoLoNiaL Orrice to Roxar GARDENS, Kew. 


Downing Street, 
SIR, August 29 29, 1896. 

1 am directed by the Secretary of State for "the Colonies to 
transmit to aet the accompanying copy of a despatch, with enclosures, 
from th r administering the Government of the Gold Coast 
respecting the plis which infest some of the economic plants in the 
Botanical Station at Aburi 

U 98273. 17$ —o]er. Wt. 61. A 


ice: 


Iam to state that the Secretary of State will be obliged if you will 
be good enough to advise him as to the best method of dealing with 


The Crown Agents for the Colonies have been instructed to forward 
to you the box of specimens mentioned in m despatch. 


m, &c. 
The Director, (Signed). p JOHN BRAMSTON. 
Royal Gardens, Kew. 


ADMINISTRATOR of the Gorp Coast to COLONIAL OFFICE. 


Government House, Accra, 
Sir, July 18, 1896. 

I nave the honour to report that in consequence of the state- 
ments made by the Chief Justice, Mr. Brandford Griffith, in a letter 
addressed to Gosdraer Sir William Maxwell, of which T enclose an 
extract, His Excellency requested the Chief Medical Officer to visit 

buri and make a report upon the condition of the coffee shrubs an 
rubber trees. 

2. It was not, however, until last month that Dr. Easmon found 
himself in a position to leave Accra. [enclose a copy of his report 
"which reached me on the 26th ultimo, and I am se nding pausa by 
this mail, addressed to the Crown Agents, a box containing— 

a specime ns of borers 


and 
b) ita of coffee cin showing the action of the borers upon 
them 


8. I have the honour to ask that Dr. Easmon's report and the 
specimens may be sent to the Director of the Royal Gardens, Kew, who 
‘will no doubt give his valuable i as to the best method of 
gie and getting rid of the pes 

. Mr. Humphries, the curator " the Botanie Station, who, I m may 
al “afford ed Dr. Easmo Tio assistance, is now, as you are aware, in 
England on leave of EM 


I have, &c. 
The Right Honourable (Signed) F. M. Hopeson 
J. Chamberlain, M.P., Administrator. i 
&c. &e. &c. 


Exrxaor from a LETTER, dated Aburi, 6th J Jenpary 1896, from the 
Cuter JUSTICE to the GOVERN 


fatal injury to the trees. Peaetically all the Arabian coffee 1 
wretched, I never saw anythin looking better than the Liberian 
‘coffee. It looks superb. On closer investigation I found about two 
‘trees out of five attacked by a boring grub, different, I think, from the 
‘grub which attacked the Arabian coffee. This grub has only Pas 
e vs attack the Liberian coffee, and you can see trees laden 


177 


ee down with frai getting yellow from the pioet of the grub; 
are dying, some dead, all due to the boring grub. The natives 
ste or will soon see it, id will abstain from planting co ote. Considering 
H this is an agricultural country, and that soil and climate appear to. 
t the Liberian coffee to perfection, Mi AT should be done to a 
et defeat the grub. 


Report by Dr. EAsuoN on some of the Borers affecting some of the 
Economie Plants in the Government Botanic Station : at Aburi. 


1. Borer affecting the Arabian. Coffee, 
Specimens preserved :— 
(a.) Portion of cocoon Vd its tough and fibrous nature ; 
(b.) A full-sized grub or larv 
(c.) A DID pa; 
(d.) A mature insect. 


larva is two inches long, greenish white in appearance with a 
darker grey streak along the sides ; the head is large and provided with 
two strong brown nippers; the body consists of 11 segments, the two 
nearest the head being only slightly distinguishable. 

Only a portion of the pupa is given ; it calls for no special remark. 

The developed insect is one inch in length ; narrow body of a 
Tight brown colour; the head is black, on the centre of the back is a 
black triangular mark with the apex pointing backwards and on each 
side, about a quarter of an inch from the posterior extremity, are two 
smaller black marks. The antenns are retracted over the back, 
insect is very active in its habits 

2. Borer affecting the Liberiith Coffee. 

This is waka practically the same insect as that affecting 
the Arabian coffee; the matured insect seemed a trifle larger than the 
others and pabi darker in colour, but I think this is simply a question 
of age or possibly of sex, 

3. The Castilloa elastica Borer, 

Specimens of this insect in various stages are supplied in two tubes. 

The grub is much larger than in the preceding cases, and the matured 
insect is also oc measuring 11 inches in length and much broader 
than the coffee borer _ antennæ are an e and a half long and 


arke: 
tint, t, with two small black points on either side of the middle line in the 
centre of the back, and black spots on the outer side of the body, as 
in the list described.. This insect is most active in its operations, 

4. Orange and Lemon Trees. 

Two classes of borers affect these plants, one attacking them at the 
roots, the other at the branches. It would appear that the operations 
of the latter are — upon those of the former, and that asoa 
matter of fact they are ael until a certain degree of diminished 
venie of the wood is reached. 

oot borers are paccaliely active, and the larva has specia al 
enashielitgidnh arrangements for facilitating its o 2 ons. Specimens 
of all the insects I found on these trees are subm 


(Signed) 3 ^ "Yu EASMON. 


A2 


178 


Royat Garpens, Kew, to COLONIAL OFFICE 


Royal Gardens, Kew, 
Sm, June 29, 1897. 
Wira reference to your letter of the 29th August last, 
No. 17,220/96, and subsequent correspondence, I have the honour to 
for bie erei a copy of the report prepared hy Mr. Walter F. H. 
Blandford, F.Z.S., on the — miae to plants at the Botanic 
Station al Aburi, on the Gold Coas 

2. The preparation of this ang has, I regret to state, been unduly 
delayed by Mr. Blandford’s engagement on the "Natal Tsetse fly inquiry. 
The results of the investigation as now presented canaot, however, 
fail to be of considerable ‘value on the Gold Coast, and as some o 
those destructive insects are widely distributed in West Africa, they 
will be of service in other colonies where coffee, india-rubber, orange, 
and other trees are now being cultivated. 

3. Under these circumstances you may consider it desirable to com- 
municate a copy of the report to the Nd nors of the other Colonies 
in West Africa in addition to the Governor of the Gold Coast, for 
whom it has been specially prepared. The small parcel sent herewith 
containing some of the insects named and mounted should also be sent 
to the Gold Coast, to be kept there for future reference 

4. It will be eee that Mr. Blandford indicates somewhat technical 


lines of inquiry and methods of treatment. In the first instance these 
should be dcl. studied and applied by the curators of tlie botanic 
stations, and the results of their observations might be placed on record 


for the information of pezsons engaged in cultivating oe plants, 
in occasional bulletins or in the € ook of the stati 


(Signed). "Nw. T. THISELTON-DYER. 
Sir Joun Beamon, K.C.M.G., C.B., 
Colonial Office, S.W 


Report by Mr. Warrer F. H. Br. ANDFORD on INSECTS injurious to 
Coffee, &c., from Abur 


MATERIAL RECEIVED. 


The material received from Aburi consists of insects in various 
stages, preserved in spirit, and of samples of coffee shrubs, &c., which 
have been injured by them. Accompanying the material is a short 
report by ves J. Farrell Easmon, Chief Medical Officer. 


It ma stated at once that the material and information supplied ar 
e to furnish the basis of a detailed report and fully set forth the 
measures to pted to relieve the plantations of these pests, In the 


case of, say, European insects of which the habits are tolerably well 

wn, a mere identification of au injurious species is often sufficient to 
enable a - of treatment to be Suggested. 

owever, of exotie insects it is only rarely that evidence 

other than that actually supplied with the specimens is carat and 


the utmost that ca: done is to advise on general grounds, potios 
out the direction IRR further ard a take, and ne line of 
treatment which such inquiry, if it lead to a positive result, 


deccm This is all that can be dine d in the picant case. The insects 


179 


sent from Aburi have been mostly identified, with some difficulty, but 
the identification has not led to the discovery of any literature dealing 
with their habits and economic features. 


Nature of Insects sent. 


The insects received from Aburi are ^ —À in different stages of 
development. They are divisible into tw 

1. eq Beetiles.— One species n Toe corn beetle has been 
cent in each case as destructive to coffee, Castilloa elastica, and orange 
and lemon trees respectively. These appear to be the really injurious 
insects of the consignment. 

2. Beetles belonging to the tribe Heteromera. With the exception 
of one species, tekon by Dr. Easmon from orange and lemon trees, there 
is no evidence, direct or indirect, to connect any of these insects with 
the damage Wittatne jed. 

It will therefore be convenient to consider the ongien beetles 
— Three species have been sent. They ar 

ivadus sierricola, White, Proc. Zool. Soc. s P- Ae iere 

Coffee Boret: Described originally deum Sierra Leone. 
has been sent as destructive to coffee, both Arabian and Liberian, 
Though Dr. Easmon seems doubtful on this point, there is no difference 
in the examples sent from either tree. "The species attacks both kinds 
of coffee indifferently. 

ivadus is a sub-genus of Monohammus, a large genus of Longi- 
cornia, which sista: two European species, M. sartor and M. sutor, 
both destructive to Coniferæ 

2. Inesida leprosa, Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 178 (The Castilloa Borer), 
Described from Guinea and Senegal. This insect, familiar in collections 
of West African beetles, is the borer of Castilloa elastica. 

3. Eunidia sp. (The Orange Borer.) This species is a small Longicorn 
sent as destructive to orange and lemon trees, But one example of the 

erfect insect has been received, which I cannot identify with a 
species in the British Museum collection, African species of the e gen 

ave been described from the Cape (1), Natal eu “ Caffraria ”’ © 
Senegal (1), Angola (1), and Damaraland (1). e locality of t 
species sent is not far removed from Senegal; bai m is RE br to 
identify. it with the species occurring ia rx region, except after the 
examination of the type which cannot ‘be 

The species of Eunidia are obscure ib not readily determinable 
from descriptions. 


General Habits of Longicorn Beetles. 


The perfect insects of Longicorn beetles are usually rather sluggish, 
and are to be found by day on leaves, or on the trunks of trees, or logs. 
Sometimes they sit by day in the mouth of the burrows made by the 
larve. A few, chiefly of the smaller species, fly by day, but the 
majority fly at dusk or early in the night. 

‘The female deposits her eges, as a rule, in the cracks of bark, having 
an care tubular apex to the abdomen for that purpose. She does 
not pierce sound bark, but ues eracks, either natural fissures or 
cracks due to fungoid disease, w ds, &e. It is quite exceptional for 
a Longicorn beetle to lay on eben surfaces, and probably none of 
these species in question do so. 


180 


Several exotic species in both — 1 prepare the wood for dt E 
tion of the eggs by gnawing off a circular ring of bark round a branch; 
The part of the branch beyond the ring dies and init the eggs are 
deposited. This form of egg-laying is not shown, from the pieces of 
wood sent, to occur in the present cases, but it is important to know of 
its existence, as it is apt to be very puzzling whenever it is observed for 

time. 

It i he : think, undeniable that Longicorn beetles will select perfectly: 
healthy trees for oviposition, at least at certain times and in the case of 
caren, cs but they are generally attracted to a tree by at least a 
local injury which affords a favourable spot for oviposition, and, in com- 
mon with other wood-boring beetles, they generally prefer trees ‘of which 
the health has deteriorated and especially those of which the normal flow 
of sap has diminished. 


Causes enti to Selection of Trees for Egg-laying. 

In a ngicorn injury, attention should be paid to the 
following points as likely t o give some pe to the reasons which have 
je to the trees being selected for attac 

. Antecedent injury by other insects especially extensive defolia- 
a loss of nutrition due to scale, blight, or other sucking ge 
root-injury, by subterranean larve of different kinds such as chafer 

bs. 


2, Fungoid disease, Ma sil bb attended with loss of foliage. 

3. Drought, TUNE or due the presence of an unsuitable 
situation for planti 

4. Unsuitable soil, or soil deteriorated by over-exposure to sun, etc. 

5. Imperfect root- -gowth, such as oecurs when the soil-depth is too 
Visto and the roots meet with clay or the li 
. Gross injuries from storms, wounds inv olving loss of bark, and 
the like. 

'These are some of the causes which lead to selection of particular 
trees. But inasmuch as these insects will habitually select sickly or 
overshadowed trees in preference to healthy ones, when they are not so 
numerous as to be restricted in their choice, it must be recollected 
that extensive damage to previously healthy trees is generally indicative 

the species having been allowed to multiply and become over- 

abundant in the situations er it normally selects for breeding. This 
multiplication is usually due to the non-remoyal of infested, sickly, 
and dominated trees, stumps, pee and brushwood of kinds in which 
they will breed 

Freedom from their attacks can only be secured in situations where 
the trees are liable to them by strict attention to clean cultivation and 
the removal of all dead and dying material. 


Characters of Longicorn larve. 
"The larve of Longicorn beetles are alike in general appearance and 
difficult to distinguish. They ure soft and flattened, especially in front, 
white or pale, with a much-wrinkled thin skin, The "head i is short, trans- 


‘after the enlarged one or two anterior segments, and is not tapering or 
fusiform. It is not curved vals, but is straight when the larva 1s 


181 


naturally extended. Legs are canre absent, or present on the three. 
anterior segments as six minute rudiments. r place is supplied by 
tubercular enlargements of the sides of the Gavente which, though 
soft, serve to give them a grip of the burrow. 


Habits of Longicorn Larve. 


The egg being laid as deeply in the crack of the bark as the parent 
beetle can manage, when the young larva hatches, it bores as a rule 
during the early part of its life in the inner layer of the bark and the 
outer sapwood. In these parts it excavates irregular vorab e 
often i Wen and may lie in no particular direction oni re 
the long axis of the trunk. The galleries of Longi "p pnr are 
always In id or Jlattened oval in cross-section, offe tidy with 
the transverse section of the larva at its largest part; this will distin- 
guish them at once from the burrows of many boring insects. They 
T€ ahay packed when fresh with fine wood-meal, the result of the 

orin 

The extent to which the galleries are bored superficially in the sap- 
wood and bark varies greatly according to the species of Longicorn. In 
some the larva quits the surface-wood pi to burrow in the heart- 
wood, either up or down ; in others all the boring is superficial, and the 
larva only enters the harder wood to make a chamber in which to 
pupate. 

The greater the PN ; "i x superficial boring gend greatcr the 
injury to the life of the the greater the amount of boring in 
hard wood, the greater Ji dide done to the BAD as an article of 
commerce. 

With species that do a large amount of superficial boring, and 
je A when several larve are present in a trunk, large ar a " bark 

may be detached from the sap.wood, the nutrition of t ee is 
destroyed at these points, and the tree may be completely Hood Pert 
neath the bark. 

When the larva is full-grown it changes to a pupa in a recess at the 
end of its burrow, which is packed in front and behind with a plug of 
wood fibre. 'The burrow is usually continued to the outside, with the 
exception of a thin layer before being plugged, so that the perfect 
— can emerge easily. The beetles themselves are not wood- 
bore 


Tt must be added that in most cases, and certainly in temperate 
countries, Longicorn larvæ, especially those bes do much boring in 
the solid wood, are of slow growth, and may live for a year or more in 
that stage. nder exceptional poner Fat larval life may be 
prolonged for many years. 

It is hoped that the foregoing general account may Le of assistance in 
supplementing the knowledge which has been gained of the particular 

n question. Of these the coffee borer will be more particularly 
argo as the specimens of wood sent throw some light on its habits, 
It is to be r regretted that. these specimens were not forwarded with a 
little more information. In the case of one coffee shrub of which the 
main stem and roots have been sent, cut into gs it has been found 
possible to put the piepen together” and, with some difficulty, to work 
out the various systems of burrows traversing it. "Tha will be briefly 
descri ide to further observations. It may be added that ne 

only way of working o out the s expose all the burr of burrows in such a stem is 
split the wood so baros and to paint colour Sate 
the margins of ake ramifications. If each separate 


182 


burrow is thus differently coloured, the general course of them 
ultimately becomes evident; but unless this is done, it is impossible to 
delimit each burrow without confusion, and um such delimitation is very 
important for studying the facts of the case 


THe COFFEE Borer. 


The stem sent measures about 2 ft. 6 in. from the collar upwards. 
The main roots are attached. It contains four burrows, made by not 
less than four larve. 

About 2 feet from the collar is a large eroded patch about 8 inches 
long, extending nearly round the stem at its lower part. From this 
patch the bark is removed, and the sapwood is exposed and scored with 
shallow grooves due to the larval burrows. 

row 1.—At its upper part is a hole leading into the heart-wood, 

this communicates with a burrow running down the stem for 15 inches, 
nd communicating with the outside part of the way down by a hole 
with callused margins, at the bottom it turns upwards and finishes in a 
pupal chamber communicating with the est by a circular flight-hole 


through the bark. This burrow is old, as seen from its discoloured 
walls, emptiness, and the seperni of the flight-hole. It has bee 
made and quitted some time before the stem was cut. At the point 


where it enters the heart-wood froi the surface there is some callus, 

and it appears to me that the eia mischief caused „by this partieular 
== had partly healed, and that most of the erosion in the patch from 
which the burrow starts was tanse by the larva which had formed 
burrow 2. 

Burrow 2 begins at the lower part of the croded patch and runs 
upwards for 5 inches in the heart-wood to finish in a pupal chamber 
without exit. This burrow is a season, at least, later in date than 
burrow 1, and its course is largely determined by the presence of the 
latter. Its walls are not discoloured. As there is ro exit hole to the 
-burrow the terminal chamber must have contained the larva or pupa at 
-the time S stem was split open. 

Burrow 3 begins at a second E eroded Bits Si patch just MAS 

. the A. common to it tnd the burrow ; it is about 1 foo 
length, runs deeply down into the es aud re-ascends to open st js 
upper extremity by a flight-hole. "Thisis an old burrow, about the same 
age as ape 

Burrow 4 begins at the large pateh common to it and 3, and also 
runs doin towards the roots; it is short, not above 4 inches in length, 
and turns back to open at a zirean? flizht-hole some 4 inches abuve "the 
ground. ‘The hole is fresh. The remains of the pupal packing are in 
_the burrow, which is later in date than 1 or 3, and probably coeval with 2. 


Root ynawing. 


Besides these four burrows, one of the roots has been extensively 
guawed in patches, I am unable to trace any communication between 
there patches, which appear to be isolated i in places from each other, and 


- mportance in causing the state of health. favourable to » borer attack, aud 
~ tthe sume time be easily overlooked. 


183 


Conclusions. 


1. The shrub sent has been attacked by four distinct examples of 
Longicorn borer 

2. While the four belong probably to the same species— Bizxadus 
sierricola—it cannot be proved that more than one species has not been 
at work. 


3. The attack begins under the bark which is destroyed over large 
patches. 7t is likely that while the attack is going on, these patches 
may be capable of detection by their altered appearance, exhibition of 
— or holes, which emit small quantities of wood-powder. 

e eges may be laid near the ground, or at some PaL - feet at 
least, up the stem. Possibly higher if the trunk is large eno 

5. Owing to the bark pee, the points selected for” cos ise 
caunot be examined in the speci 

6. The larval life is of some aod ag de: duration, several months at 
least, probably over a year. The margins of the eroded patches are 

callused over, mis Hie (in the latter burrows) to be much older 
than the flight-holes 

7. The larve eventually enter the hard wood and may ue up or 
down--if down, they ultimately turn back and bore upwar 

8. Of the ich burrows, two are at least a season older = the other 
pair. The shrub is therefore not killed outright by the first attack, 
though it may be so injured as to be past recovery. 

is not essential that the larva shall bore into the roots. Its 
course is determined by the situation at which the eggs are laid, and by 
the presence of previous burrows. 

10. One of the roots has been gnawed by an insect which I cannot 

satisfy myself to be a Longicorn grub. 
"^ One of the shrubs sent, which I took at first not to be coffee, as it 
was very different in appearance from the one described on page 182, 
has been apparently bored by a Longicorn which is smaller than 
Bixadus. ln this ease the brings are at the upper part of the stem, 
just below the axils ; there is mueh aT injury and loss of bark 
and not much boring in the hard wood. 

I do net think this oe can well be Bivadus because the burrows 
look too small. If no it is some other species, it becomes all the 
more important to ieoi its work, habits, and share of the damage 
from those of Bizadus 


Suggestions for further sinrin and treatment. 


1. It should be placed beyond doubt whether the borer is capable 
of attacking trees hitherto uninjured (to any material extent) by other 
species of insects. Probably leaf-eating species, and scale, blight or 
the like i cae have been detected, and may therefore not be 
expected to 

Root- feeding dii should be looked for; either weevil-grubs or 
chafer-grubs 

Weev m are white and soft, like Longicorn larve, with a large 
horny head, a wrinkled skin and a a plate behind the head. ‘The 
head is not sunk in the next segment, the body is curved from end to 
po towards the Dd end is thickest in the middle. There are 
“no legs. : 


184 


Chafer-grubs are white or dirty-yellow, also pale and soft; cylindrical, 
doubled on themselves, very large and baggy behind; wit l 
developed head and antennæ, and six well-developed legs. 

If any other nee a insects are found to be associated with o 
recede the Longico in the damage, they ‘must be éalvefeilly 
ene as to ae? habits, &e. 


The condition of the plantations aiashed, should form the 
Te of most careful examination with a view to detecting anything 
amiss in the health of the trees or the E E under which they are 

grown. 
If some piane n a district are immune, whilst others suffer, an 
examination of each set in order to find out any diversity of conditions 
which is associated with the variation in liability to attack should be 
coast made, 

s point I cannot speak from botanical knowledge, but with that 
limitation I would venture to suggest the following points as being 
worthy of inquiry : 

a.) The character of the soil ; 

(6.) The depth of the soil, and nature of the subsoil ; 

(c.) The water eg ied and drainage ; 

(d.) The aspect 

(e.) The condition of the plantation with relation to shade-trees. 


[ do not know if the Aburi coffee is grown under shade, but if not, 
the expedient of planting shade-trees should certainly be tried, with a 
view to lessen the attacks. Inthe severe infestation of coffee in Coorg Uy 
a similar boring Longicorn (Xylotrechus quadripes) there was a general 
opinion expr essed by planters that the growing of the plants without 
shade-trees was detrimental to their health, caused the ground to 
become parched and favoured the beetle attack. Moreover a plantation 
with shade-trees is a “mixed growth”; and it is a general law that 
trees in mixed wood are less liable to insect infestation than in pure 
wood, 

If on the other hand, the attacked faseei is already grown under shade, 
an examination of the shade-tree employed should be made to find out 
if it suffers from the same Longicorn borer as that attacking the 
cottee—if so it should be rejected 1 in future in favour of some species of 
tree not so affected, and in plantations where it already exists it should 
be cared for and not allowed to become infested and breed out beetles 
freely, to migrate to the coffee. 

If positive evidence is obtained that the infestation is EN ed by 
any of " conditions of cultivation mentioned in this section, steps 

be taken to modify those conditions in ct diee with the 
rrived at. 


Other indigenous trees should be examined to see if they are 
eot by the same species of beetle, If this is dioe to be the ease, 


uded 
plantations. If this is done they should b be removed, stumps and all, 
or the stumps earthed up. No ne ogs, d ad trees, or cut b: hes 
of coffee or any tree which seryes as a host should be left about the 
coffee plantations. Al attacked uh which experience shows to be 
t recovery should be at once cut down, remov removed, and burned. 
robably careful attention to this matter will greatly lessen the damage- 


185 


-4. The *elloinn points in the life-history of the borer should » be: 
accurately made out :— 
The season at which the perfect beetles appear. This will prbbébly 


stand in some relation to the and wet seasons. 
‘The Aabits of the perfect beetles, their flight time, place of rest. 
omg the day ; their tendency, if any, to frequent Mien oozing sap, 
diseased trees, &c. 


The place at which they oviposit. This is of importance. Probabl 
oviposition is favoured by wounds in the bark. Special attention should 
be paid to the probability of the eggs being laid at pruning etiem and 
the system of pruning adopted sho juld be looked to with this ob ject. 

The length of larval life and the length of time a tree will withstand 
injury without succumbing should also be investigated, 

The early signs of injury should be carefully made out, in order that 
infestation may be detected as soon as possible (see p. 1 3). 


General Suggestions. 


The following general Sngecetions for treatment over and above those 
already given are based mainly on the assumption that information will 
be gained on the Aor points in par. 4 :— 


Prevention of Egg-laying. 

All pruning and accidental gines vog be tarred. 

Possibly egg-laying may be prevented at the usual situations by 
plastering the part of the bark Meca selected for the purpose with 
clay and eow dung, or a similar mixture, or painting it with lime-white 
mixed with rice water, i make it adhere. "This treatment has proved 
successful with other species of borers. qp ; 


Capture of the perfect Beetles. 


This to be successful — be et qaa after study of their habits 

and time of appearance. may be don 

a.) By placing sheets uer On pistes “ahd shaking off the beetles, 
in the early morning or whenever they are so slugg gish as to drop. The 
beetles should then be collected and killed with boiling water. 

A convenient plan of collecting them from sheets is to fit a tin bucket 
with a wide funnel-shaped lid of tin, furnished at the centre with a short 
tube. The sheets are shaken on to the lid, the beetles drop through 
the tin tube, and cannot escape until the lid is removed. 

(b.) By setting baits for them, and collecting them from the baits. 
This cannot à done unless their habits show that some kind of bait - 
serve to attra 

c.) By providing logs of any tree which they will attack, ringed 
trees, coffee shru ich have been condemned and are dying or have 
been ringed for iiem i lay their eggs in hese * tree traps" should 
be provided before the flight period and ‘removed before the beetles in 
them have bred out, or they will do more harm than goo 


Mite sames of attacked peni 


with practice 
„I have little doubt ; Se it. can be. done with sufficient pdt to 
make it practicable i is more questionable. 


186 


If such a patch is beetles the bark should be cut away and the larva 
tumbled out ; it will soon die if exposed to the air and light. The cut 
part should then be iini 

If the patch hasbeen opened after the larva has finished its superficial 
burrowing, and gone deep into the wood, it might possibly be killed 
with a wire, or by wetting the burrow with ker erosene, which wili pene- 
trate. But these methods are not ery practicable, and I regard the 
surface burrowing as the most impor 

With the exception o of these lieia. the larval and pupal stages are 
not open to measures caleulated to get rid of them 

The sugge-tions made in the foregoing pages c cover all the points by 
which success in the treatment of the borer appears E M likely to be 
obtained. That they are all practicable under local conditions is 
unlikely ; but they are all measures which have re of service in 
other countr'es and with other host plants. 

Partieular attention is drawn to the necessity for E agp’ the 

antecedent causes whic mer. have fav pue the infestati o the 


may harbour the larvae ands are P odit recov ery, to the ortance of 
attending to pruning wounds, and of catching the te insects by 
shaking down. 


Tue CASTILLOA BORER AND THE ORANGE Boren. 


There is nothing to be said on these two insects which, mutatis 
mutandis, has not been said above on the coffee borer. 

Dr. Easmon says “two classes of borers affect these plants, one 
attacking them at the roots, the other at the branches. It would appear 
that the ‘operations of the latter are dependent upon those of the former, 
and that, as a matter of fact, they are inoperative until a certain degree 
of diminished vitality of the wood is reached.” This is probable, ‘and 
is in agreement with what has been suggested as possible, even if not 
likely, in the case of the coffee shrubs. 

The Longicorn beetle, Eunidia, is the stem-borer, and its attack is 
therefore to be regarded as secondar 

Of Heteromerous Coleoptera (a tribe of beetles distingnisimd by the 
possession of five joints in the anterior an and four in the 
posterior pair of feet) Dr. Easmon has Daie E e eor all from 
decaying orange trees. 

i aim species are as follows, the specimens are returned labelled, a 
more suitable arrangement for identification than the forwarding of a 
description ;— 

b Metallonotus denticollis, Gray Griff. Anim. Kingd. II. 1832, pl. 
80; Westw. Trans. Zool. Soc. III. p.220. Described from Sierra 
Leone 


2. rr — sp. indet 
2 eg planus, Fabr. Ent. Syst. I. p. 90, described from Sierra 


i Lapa villosa, Fabr. Spec. Ins. L, p. 160. Africa, widely 
distributed. 

Nothing is known to me of the habits of these insects, and, with the 
exception of Metallonotus denticollis, it is likely that their presence on 
d trees is of no importance. They probably bear the same 
relation to the injurious "—— beetles as saprophytie do to 
parasitic fungi. 


187 


As far as can be gathered from the i on the specimen-tubes sen 
the ** root-borer " of the orange appears to be the larva of Meiatianios 
denticollis, nen Dr. Easmon’s Piin PE of the larva with the 
adult beetle 

This pian is s eylindrienl- -circular in cross section, entirely horny, dirty 
yellow, six-legged, t brown, the eleventh segment of the body 
stouter, rough, ‘and darker, shortly 'spined above on its hind margin, the 
last segment short, forming a transverse shield, hard and rough, with a 
marginal series of : spiny tubercles and two hook. -shaped spines projecting 
back wards. 

I should doubt this larva being a borer in wood, as Dr. Easm 
account seems to suggest. It more likely burrows in REA like zs 
worms and guaws the roots. 

e is no information at my disposal which will enable me to make 

any suggestions upon it. One or two species of its particular. family 

( Tenebrionide) have root-gnawing larve, but very little is known about 
them 

The habits of the insect must be investigated, and speaking on pure 

a priori grounds, I would suggest that particular attention be paid to 
those of the imago itself. Root-feeding larve are always difficult to 
get rid of by direct methods. But the ae of Tenebrionide 
slugglish in many cases, and fly little. It might be possible to devise 
some method of attracting them, or some species of trap, such as is done 
for other non-flying beet tles s by means of holes, trenches, or ditches in 
which they will collect and from which they can be removed and killed. 

Until further investigation is made, it is not possible to say more about 
this species. One species of Bostrychus (B. iniquus, Lesne) has been 
sent, in the form of a single example, from decaying orange wood. The 
Bostr ychide are often injurious wood borers; but it is reasonable to 
suppose that this species would have attracted attention if it were of 
importance. Its occurrence is peobübly nsidoutal 


In addition to the insects injurious to coffee forwarded from Aburi, a 
small collection of insects has also beeu received from Mr. Cyril Fi ties 
manager of the Soto Coffee Plantations, Colony of Lagos, West Africa 

specimens are accompanied with short explanatory notes 
diel y, but very little can be said about these examples, which in 
most cases are not identifiable. Some pa rticulars, which include the 
git given by Mr. Punch, are furnished in the hope that they 
may lead to further study of these insects in places where they occur. 


E nite acter 


Am 
Poderide, which iuh some mis the very lowest insect orms. The 
species sent is about ,'; of an inc long. Mr. Punch describes it in the 
following note as an Meant: it is, however, a true insect : 
Very troublesome all the year round to coffee. It affects whole 


exereted by the caterpillars. The mites hatch both inside the berries 
and between the folded seo E 

The slide forwarded co a dried example of what might be a very 

caterpillar, but terr is ade connexion whatever between it and the 


188 


‘Podurid, as the note seems to imply... The .Peduride undergo no 
transformation: 

"The only treatment that would be at all likely to get j rid e the 
Poduride would be by spraying or fumigation, and i 8 quite 
improbable that so much damage is done. by this insect as z justify any 
‘such measures being taken 


2. ORTHOPTERA. 
B ib ; Drury, is a very large species of btipket 
Mr. it says of it: “ This insect is present to some extent all the year 
round, but especially during February and March; also in August and 


to the same extent. Once in every five or six years they appear in such 
quantities as to be a pest as diligit as the locusts, destroying entire 
farms of suceulent or young plants. Their galleries run down 18 to 24 
inches, and terminate in a cell which wili be found filled with the cut 
leaves and small stems. They are especially destructive to anything like 
coffee planted at even distances. Leaving the ground covered with 
weeds does not save the cultivated plants which they select. A space of 
three acres planted with rubber plants (Manihot Glaziovii) over whieh 

"weeds were allowed to grow, had to be replanted three times this year.” 

In 1891, specimens of this insect received from the African Associa» 
tion, Limited, were reported on to the Royal Gardens by Mr. R. 
McLachlan; F.R. S., as follows :—- 


**The ‘cricket’ is known by modern PU Mt as Brachytrypus 

membranaceus, Drury (= Gryllus | membranaceus, : Drury votic 
Entomology, 1773), and it appears to occur over the whol on tropical 
Africa... In 1804 Adam Afzelius in a pamphlet published jè, Upsala in 
Sweden, entitled, Achetae Guinenses, but. which I have not seen, 
described it as Acheta vastatria. Judging from the specific name its 
destructive popon had then already been recognise 

** [t ia * mole-ericket, but belongs to another section of the 
same mily (Gryllide). 

* As ial measures, [ think much must mo 9 upon the habits 


of the Gabe as observed by those in charge loca Your suggestion 
as to irrigation sounds as if it might ee ae » driving the insects 
-above ground where they could be destroyed. Irrigating also by means 


of dilute paraffin, or the ae em "tm in vogue as à remedy 
inane many injurious inseets, might ried. 

* [f the gravid female i nsects could be nio jd before they have laid 
their eggs, or if the very young — could be got at soon after their 
appearance from the egg, much good of a preventive kind would be 
done. E hese points almost diet depends upon the local 
observer 

^ The Todi no doubt does not confine its attention to any particular 
ies of tree or plant, therefore constant attention will be necessary, 
or, at any rate, during a certain period in each year 


It is evident that this is particularly a case where more local . observa- 
tion is needed, It would be desirable to have further. information on 
the following points: whether the adults fly ; what the kakim $h -— 
young are; whether they migrate on foot from place to place o 
the crop only where they are hatched. If the species is not epai 
it ight probably be met as Mr. McLachlan suggests, by irrigation, or 
possibly by digging trenches into which — can fall and from which 
they can be collected. ome 


189 


In the-case of the mole-cricket the > digging out of the nests — the 
act 


: . Should, however, the:species migrate from place to place and tieval 
on foot, it can probably be kept off any crop which is not previo 
infested, surrounding the cultivated urea with a ditch containing 


"water an nd wide enough not to be jumped over, or, as is successfully 


with boards just so high that they cannot be jumped, and furnished on 
the outside with a tin “ gutter,” z.e., a strip of tin nailed along the top 
so as to project obliquely outwards and downwards. Plants such as 
coffee can be protected by surrounding them when quite young with a 
tin can with the bottom knocked out, , unless, like the ener cricket, the 
insect burrows from below. This method is in use in Flo 


3. LEPIDOPTERA. 


Caterpillars injurious to coffee :—T wo species have been received in 
spirit from Mr. Punch, who writes of the first: “ This ue i (A) 


moth about 3 in. long. I think the moth works at night, as I have 
never seen one free, only such as I have reared in boxes 

The eggs of this insect are oblong and are laid touching side by side 
in a characteristic ribbon-like band. 

The full-grown caterpillar is some two inches long (exclusive of the 


posterior horn). The he is small and notched on the summit, the 
body is cylindrical, rather elongate and tapering behi pi the first three 
segments behind the head are large and inflated, there are four pairs of 


prolegs in the middle of the body. (segs. 6-9 epi “of the head). 
‘The last segment bears a very long, slender backwardly-directed horn, 
Zin. or more in length, and the posterior prolegs (claspers) on it are 
aborted and rudimentary, so that the larva probably sits with its hinder 
portion raised in the air. According to Mr. Punch, the caterpillar is 
uniformly green whéli young, dull, with the swollen portion behind the 
head shining. When older it develops dark-eoloured markings, the 
principal of these consist of a marbled pe meh n; back, anda 
stripe on each side of the two hinder Mimi is déntat ned 
in a long thin cijarsbapéd silk cocoon edin s pe Ar leaf rolled up 
lengthwise. 
^t is not possible to identify this insect, as the moth has not been 
sent. Pessibly it is one of the Notodontidae, or else allied to the true 
silkworm moth, approaching such a genus as 

'The second cater pillar sent is a little smaller, not swollen behind the 
head nor tapering severe the hind claspers are well formed ‘and 
the horn is smaller, sharper, and recurved upwards at the tip. -Itis 
lighter iu colour, with a single row of small black specks along each 
side above the spiracles, mA — when alive has not been recorded by 
Mr, Punch, who says of it: “This caterpillar is of similar tastes, and 
‘while very destructive to individual trees is -— found | singly [? on 

scattered so harmful." 


"details as yet recorded of the: life-history: of these caterpillars 
give any clue towards treatment. On general grounds shaking-down, 


190 


or collecting the caterpillars, or spraying with an arsenical compound 
would suggest themselves, but the adoption of any plan must depend on 
local conditions and further study. Mr. Punch also writes: “ The two 
beetles sent are enemies of the caterpillars and are, I think, increasing. 
They are furnished with beaks which they drive into the "caterpillars 
and suck them dry, the dry skins being noticeable on the leaves. When 
many such skins are common it usually vetokens a temporary cessation 
of the pest, which, however, breaks out again. There is no specia 
time of the year for it. The pest stated in the S.E. corner of the farm 
and spread it in a N. W. direction. Subsequent attacks have shown 
a similar tendency. 

The * beetles” in question have proved to be examples of two species 
of bugs, Fam. Scutelleride, many of which are well gy nown to possess 
such habits. Unfortunately no effective way of reasing their 
numbers can be suggested. The facts as to the director i in which the 
pest spreads brent important, but their meaning can only be worked 
out on the spot. 


4. Coccip.E.— Scale insects. 


Two species of scale insect found on coffee have been sent by 
Mr.Punch. One is a species of Ceroplastes, with an irregular soie bit 
star-shaped waxy scale (test) ; the other is a Lecanium ; ; the former 
appears to be of little importance but the Lecunium, according to 
Mr. Punch, may be injurious. 

treatment against these scale insects is required and can be 
profitably undertaken, it must take the form of spraying with kerosene 
emulsion or some such compound. 


5. SPECIES UNDETERMINED. 


Mr. Punch has sent :— 

l. Some minute larve which he says “cause ribbon-like marks on 
the upper surface of leaves, by running a gallery between the epidermis 
and the ground tissue. It apparently does no harm 

Beyond the fact that this leaf init appears to be dipterous, there is 
nothing to be said about it. 

2. A series of small elongate narrow cocoon-like structures placed 

side by side and attached by their extremity to a piece of bark. These 
are shrivelled, hard, brittle, and homogeneous. The incomplete account 
sent with them states that * the pupe > adhere in lines as in the specimen 
to the vascular bundles. Layers are thus formed, closely imbricated, 
and on their development the stem is burst open longitudinally and the 
plant dies down to the place affected. At present four or tive trees 
only have been affected, but while starting from the tree attacked last 
year, the radius of the "circle of trees affected is wider. ‘The fission of 
stems occurs in the months July and August. Usually the cell con- 
taining the insect opens at its extremity, but I note that those which 
have opened since leaving Africa have done re longitudinally. The 


am unable to determine what kind of insect has formed these 

cocoons, and Mr. Punch’s account gines no clue. On the whole, it 
ost probable that it is dipterou 

S hel isot ve referred to as having sers hatched were present in the 

slide in some numbers. ‘They are an extremely minute form, about 4; 

of an inch in length, and at first sight resemble a thrips. The antenne, 


-J91 


however, are not those of a torini but are elbowed and. clubbed ; the 
specimens are not preserved so as to admit of careful examination, but 
they. appear to be a hymenopterous aes probably of the family 
Mymaride. 

Both the cocoons and the supposed parasites appear to be of some 
interest, and it is a pity that the scantiness of the material does not 
allow a more thorough examination to be made. 


(Signed) WALTER F. H. Branprorp. 


DLVII.—FRUIT-GROWING AT THE CAPE. 


The following interesting paper on the possibilities of the fruit 
industry in Cape Colony has been communicated to Kew the 
Government Botanist, Professor MacOwan. It affords a striking 
eae of the resources of a country where “ all the fruits and crops of 

warmer temperate zone grow to perfection.” This information is 


c 
LM 


. 15-19), and gives in an expanded form with greater detail the facts 
already given iu the volume for 1893 (pp. 8-11). 


* At the cera moment there are in every ‘tines irr for 
enterprise in various kinds of petite culture, opening 
never existed here within the memory of man. It is x as sif one had 
to speculate upon the chances of perishable produce being got across 
the line and placed upon English markets in saleable condition. But 
for everything that a man can grow to a moderate de perfection, 
there is an unfailing market just some forty or fifty ee distant from 
the coast, and the rail to expedite it all the way. It is said to be well 
fora man to have two strings to his bow. The up-eountry market 
is the Cape growers’ first string, the export trade in fruit is the other. 
All the special appliances required for both lines of the enterprise are 
already provided. The steamship companies supply cold-storage on their 
vessels. A local firm has prepared refrigerating chambers for goods 
awaiting shipment. It would seem, therefore, that the only cement 


We want them from England, from the States, from California, in fact 
from anywhere where the skill and experience Date run for years 


into everyday practice. This is the immigration wanted just now at the 
Cape, to catch at the opportunity of the moment, and to turn skilled fruit- 
growing into gold. No question that success awaits the man who knows 
a to syn with Hate to voccm his ground kid properly, to drain, 
o gather, k for eic up-country, or for seria in 


'U 98278. B 


192 


the furrow, rai generally speaking, to constitute a Cape orchard. So 
long as the owner had fruit for his own table during the season he was 
setisfied. The idea of growing fine choice fruits of named pedigree Wes 
in order to send them to market, attractively packed, so as to suit t 


dessert tables of well-to-do townsfolk who hed no gardens, never entered ; 


his mind. Do you want fruit of him? Then you must buy it as 
favour, and he would ‘spare it to you,’ and you come could nit 
expect to get it twice, much less regular ly through the se Yet he 
would take the money, showing that the commercial enue! was not 
de he wonder is that so few ever turned to with a will, and put into 
fruit-culture the labour, energy, and forethought that go to make a 
successful business. Things are a little better now. ‘There are a few 
men, three times as many as there used to ke, who now grow fruit to the 
perfection possible in this perfect climate, and all they send to market is 
eagerly bought up either for local ccnsumption among the higher classes 
or for export to England. but they may be counted on one's fingers, in 
place of being numbered by hundreds, aud scattered all over the country. 
Then you will say, With what is the ordinary market supplied? "Truly 
with fruit of the poorest Lada PR produet of seedlings instead of 
grafted trees—bastard refuse, without a name and without a single quality 
to recommend it. It looks as if it had grown itself, and this it mostly 
has. The ruling condition of the fruit, such as it i is, is worsened by utter 
ignorance of proper packing and transit. Much of it is shaken down and 
tumbled into old paraffin cases and jolted to market in a springless 


‘start a feforis , but there are several causes operating. in the o 
direction. ‘There are the antiquated conservative ways of the small 
farmer at the Cape, arising out of the comparative isolation in which he 


lives, and which only bas been broken in upon this last year or two by 
the establishment of fruit-growers’ petrol in their very midst, 
through which an effective interchange of ideas has been brought about, 


these excellent associations sprang up, mainly through ru em 
activity and personal influence, it was difficult to find a market garden 
who took in a garden periodical, or cared to learn what was done d in 
other countries, Another cause materially checking the desire to im- 
prove the output is the immense demand that exists for cheap coarse 
fruit and windfall rubbish among the coloured populace of Cape Town. 
To them, so that the fruit is dirt cheap, it does not matter how dirty it 
is, nor are they disgusted at seeing the same baskets which brought the 
fruit to town piled i up among the stable manure the cart takes back in 
the afternoon. In no other publie of fruit consumers is quality so little 
thought of, and hence the producer has been satisfied to grow crops 
from seedling trees which are only fit for MERC They sell somehow, 
so why should he trouble himself to produce a better article? How- 
ever, things are on the mend. It may be a long time before really 
ood or even middling fruit reaches the level of the street hawker, but 


He knows good fruit at sight if anyone does, and his determination to | 


have it grown clean, ripened exactly to the export point, gathe 


UNE See As d cele LESE 
CU SORE CTS eas S eS (ie Mae ERE oP EMINUS ERROR AAE 


193 


delicately, and graded - size, will do more towards teaching fruit-culture 
than a legion of expert 

“ It is, therefore, "im at this CUM gage of args ie D English 
fruit.grower who now despairs of ng pro t home is invited to 
come to the Cape and take his onimi by ae for elock. Tti is a pity, 
too, that the foreign capital which comes Capewards goes mostly into 
mining stock. It were well if some of it were invested in the healthier 
industry of fruit-eulture. Perhaps ere long the one or two meng 
which have already got into working order will form an example to 
other companies and friendly competitors in a trade which is practically 
illimitable. 

* We have said that all the sae i appliances for a growing export 
fruit trade have been initiated he It is not therefore as if new- 
comers, throwing their practical GREG eo and their little eapital into 
Cape init growing, would find difficulties in the outlet for their 


clever and enterprising American grov The seasons fall conversely 
with those of England. Jonsequently t the only competitors in our 
special line and special time of exporting will be the Australians, who, 
however, are heavily handicapped by a one-third greater distance from 
England. 

“This general arrangement must not be taken too absolutely. The 
seasons on the two sides of the Colony, west and east, are differentiated 

much as are those of India, by the rainfall occurring conversely. In 
fact, the Cape is a monsoon countr y, the west having its maximum 
rainfall i in winter, while the east has it in the warmer "months There 
is this peculiarity also in the east, that there are two maxima, namely, 
the November or spring rains, and the autumn rains in pre uary. 

* From these peculiarities arise important results in frait-growing. 
The most striking is the the limitation of unio pe fitable wine, 
grape, and raisin produetion to the Western Province, which possesses 
the necessary hot and dry summers for the proper ripening of the fruit 


reduced to a bets of Bope aii yn it is tate h if mrt 


statement, subject to € and ste an «iei bes ent pe 
niae conditions. For ample, results have been obtained in 
the somewhat intennodisie climate of the Karoo, particularly at Graaf 
aint and its neighbourhood. The total rainfall eae ia the 
Karoo averages low, say 16 to 19 inches annually, as compared with 28 
to eA — in Siren normal eastern region. But the pulë holds good in a 
general way, a lance at Gamble’s diagrams of rainfall, where the 
curve is plotted p a large number of places, so as to be readily com- 
parable by tne eye, will enable one to determine where viticulture on a 
large scale ıs climatically favoured, and where it will present speci 

difficulties. In the former case the rain eurve for January, February, 
and co e ripening and vintage mo OR at or below 


the best examples of local eastern exceptions to the he rule. But 
even here grapes will have to be tended with very mueh greater care 
R 2 


194 


and intelligence than seems to be necessary westaway. The great 
difficulty will assuredly be the general prevalence of anthracnose, or: 
black-spot, as it is i EA Rie na (Sphaceloma ampelinum, De By). 
This plague, though far from being comparable in mischief to the 
Peronospora of the vine, which luckily we have not Set imported, is 
still an enemy to be reckoned with, and it will be necessary that all 
eastern vineyards be assiduously treated by spraying with Bordeaux 
mix as a preventive of the scourge. There is little dE that 
success will attend the proper application of this remedy, just as has- 
been proved to be the case in Europe. But the additional died for 
skilled labour in its use will hea avily handicap the eastern producer, 
especially if he should incautiously cultivate the more cane Me 
of vine, say, for instance, the Cape western Haanepoot, kno 
-elsewhere as Muscat of Alexandria, a sort which is pestieubalr liable 
to the attacks of Anthracnose. 

* New comers to a country who have been accustomed to the class of 
grape which is seen upon English dessert tables, will be surprised to find 
that nothing has ever been done at the Cape at all comparable to the 

minute care which grapes receive at home under glass = the hands of 
skilled —À who have made this fruit a special study. As we 
have them, the grapes are fairly good, and up to size on the outside of 
the bunch, ws by earelessness and want of proper thinning, they are 
not half-grown or half-coloured in the middle. The plan has been to 

- grow grapes for wine and for the. table. in Al same vineyard, and with 
the same low average of attention. That is to say, the table grapes. 
have practically grown themselves, instead oes ch buneh having been 
(the subject of individual inspection and treatment with the thinning 
scissors. Perhaps some skilled gardener, who knows what a dessert 
bunch of atapo should look like, may find it worth while to show what 
can be done in this country, where the climate reuders his glass-house 
and hot water pipes unnecessary. Certain it is there is no la 
Pene folk here who will buy grapes of English hot-house type a 
heir full value. utatis mutandis, much the same thing may be said 
of other fruits, peaches and pears particularly, Our growers have ha 
no high standard to work up to, and have been too easily satisfied. 
The comments of Covent Garden salesmen upon picked Cape samples 
have certainly opened their eyes somewhat, and given them to see that 
the fruit which has been taken as first rate, levels down to scarce a 


which nature pobre A only the raw mater 
n western markets, January gives the last of the strawberries and 
aprieots which have been to hand for some five or six weeks previously. 
_ The earlier sorts of grapes, pears, and apples according to kind, also the 
earlier peaches, plums, and figs, fill up the list. From the conditions of 
the elimate it is rather a cultural eae to try and hurry things by 
planting what are known in Europe as as early-fruit sorts. Cape conditions 
are much more XAR to perfection in the later kinds, at least in sue 
parts. of the country as - upon the first piston. pacto iniand all 
round the coast... Further up-country on the cond and the 
immense Pint plateau, which reaches a level of Sora ne 
-to 5000 i alte t 


© 
E 
n 
et 
So 
7s 
un 
ma- 
E 
M 
de 
E 
g 
zE 
© 
"08 
E 
B 


expected dont the growth of early sorts. at this bg is potios 
interfered with by the tardier approac spring a 
a dry winter's cold. The results of the pe mc “en 


195 


is decidedly against pter with i sorts in the hope — of 
catching the e high prices asked in an early ma 
"IN February the better sorts of apples, pe Biota and nectarines com 

forward; and a glance at these will show conclusively that they ree 
main y late Eu ropean Dm es, and accentuate the caution we have given 
‘against early sorts, at least for "market supply on the large scale. Grapes’ 
and Hare) are becoming plentiful, and begin to acquire their proper 
distinctive fla vour, unless they have, as is often the case, been spoiled by 
inj judicious 1 irrigation. The fruits of keeping quality are now approaching 
the season for picking. As a rule they are left too long upon the tree 
for want of two things; first, want of practical knowledge of the precise 
degree of growth at Mira: to take them, so that they shall best develope 
the richness and fl r that come by keeping ; and ger want o 
something like a A ABIS fruit store, where they can be laid oüt 
properly, inspected daily, and kept at even cores Mir It is pitiable 
to see good keeping sorts huddled up in boxes, a bushel or more together, 
in a galvanised iron shed open to the light and the weather, and varying 
in temperature daily from 80° to 90° at noon to 48° or 50° at night. 
This is another matter in which we want some pardon" missionary to 
come over and teach us a gospel of better things. 

“ In this month and in March begins the first drying season,—that is 
to say, fruit-drying in the sun, as opposed to fruit-evaporating, the more 
practical, more cleanly, manageable, and time-saving plan. ready 


fruits have quite fetched up to the already high standard of the raisins 
produced in the Worcester district. The only reason why these products 
are unknown outside the boundaries of the c olony is that the amount 


cons locally in the colony. The output is not a hun part of 
what it should be, and what could readily be absorbed by the Cape 
co n so stand in the 


fruit pulp Moi to make * Cape jams," rests with the coming 
race of fruit-growers whom we hope to attract to the country and help 
us to put a little Tife and stimulus into our easy-going, lotus-eating lives. 


n Cape Town. e fore the diio bayer collate it all. Is it 
fici clear Bu our production kas yet to expand itself into wholesale 
proportions ? Another retailer, on examining an exceptionally good 


sample of dried figs that | ran the imported * Elemi” ‘article very close, 
offered the producer an Elemi price. Picture his disgust on being 
advised that the total stock produced that year amounted to only sia 
boxes. And so with the prunes. We are content to a continental 

of ‘Prunes d'Agen' and ‘Prunes d'Ente* year after year, 


wW laug 
with present dE ois at the Cape, with family grocers mug dp all 
the raisins that a whole district produces, with farmers content with a 


196 


dried fig crop which a man could carry on his shoulder, there must be a 
good many fair fortunes lying about loose at the Cape, and only waiting 
for some one with moderate commercial instincts, industry. and business 
capacity to come over and appropriate them to himself. 

e March, of all the months of the year, shows the barest fruit market, 
at least in the way of fresh kinds putting in an appearance then. The 
mes are chiefly €: BPP es and pears of the keeping sorts, and these, 

n they come to sale, bear plentiful testimony to the rough way in 
which they have te handled and stored. The outside skin is ‘seratched, 
discoloured, and far from appetising. Ere long me dealers will learn 
that fruit ripened i in the storehouse must receive Se and handling 
somewhat different from that which is accorded to the or crop o 

tat few peaches of late kinds come in ena enerally secure 
gece prices. For the most part these are seedlings that ivi originated 
ere many years ago and, though fairly good, belong unfortunately to 
the series of clings tones, ere is an opening for considerable improve- 


and no doubt with a continued demand for fruits by name the dealers 
will gradually learn something more about the details of their trade 
than at present they seem to think at all necessary. ‘The month closes 
with the last of the grapes. 

* April, May, and June present few novelties. The guavas of man many 
seedling kinds fill up a place which is hardly warranted by the intrinsic 
value of the fruit as at present grown. We have them from the insig- 
nificant bulk of a gooseberry to that of middle-sized apples. But ve 
little attention has been given to culture, and still less to improvement of 
sorts. It may be said that the guava, as grown here, is often practically 
a wildling, and it would be well if nineteen out of twenty of them were 
destroyed, and selected grafted plants put in to take their place. Some 
day we shall get rid of the mass of bony seeds which fills up the centre 
of the market guava, and shall aim at making it a more presentable fruit. 
Walnuts and chestnuts now make their appearance. The former ora 
not received fair play. They, too, have been propagated in our careles 
Cape way by seedlings, and it is only within the last twenty months or 

so that the fine imported sorts, in which the French growers have ha 
dem success, have been brought into the country. The remainder of the 
supply of these months is from Natal, whence our market is flooded with 
small eye itd and bananas. The ormer are remarkable mo being 


197 


grows wild without care or culture. The jam factories are, however, 
already increasing their output of it, and E it worth while for 

ple to undertake its production as a petite cu 

* With the last days of June and the first of. Ju aij come in the whole 
tribe of citrus fruits, orange, lemon, naartje or tangerine, and pample- 
mousse. From the variations of climate and altitude which have been 
signalised at the beginning of this article, it follows that these fru 
hold their place on the market continuously till December, their peculiar 


them comparatively easy of transport from long distances. The locally 
grown fruit is perhaps at its best in October, —that is to say, it can then 
be picked and marketed perfectly Tipe vut of gathering. it green and 
trusting it to slow ripening in the store-room. Perhaps in of no 
mit more than these has the dE A mind (SEL Em harshly awakened 
the necessity of improvement, and discarding the wretched seedling 
cabbie full of pips and cased in the thickest of skins, which has for 
many years encumbered our markets. The importations of poor grafted 
trees of the best sorts have been very numerous; and if the cultural 
conscience can only be aroused to the necessity of a Praa pie 
against the scale- insects, which up till now have had it all their own way,. 
and also the necessity of giving orchard trees something like fair play 
u 


fruit-growing. ‘The great desideratum is that the spirited proprietor 
shall himself grow the oranges, instead of leaving them to row them- 
selves. At present our largest supply, in Cape Town at least, comes 
from Natal, and it is not par ticularly uut The best Cape grown 
oranges are from the district of Clanwilliam. 

‘‘ October brings with it the Japanese now another fruit which calls 
for selective improvement. There is as yet far too much pip and too 

£ : 


things. These should certainly be increased by grafting, as far as 
possible, instead of reverting to the chance seedling mode of getting 
new trees. 

* With November come in the earlier figs and the strawberry. "There. 
is a future for the fig, and its selected Cape home and centre of drying 
for a uw purposes will p be somewhere in the Karoo. It 
is true that we have not, native, any inseets similar to the Me fein 
which inicia in the per fecting of the celebrated Smyrna fig. But int 
days of quick steam communication it is not impossible to introduce this 
useful insect, just as we have successfully acclimati-ed the Vedalia. As to 
Siehe te the selection of sorts, grown chiefly at Stellenbosch, is very 
limited, and ‘modes of culture anything but modern. Asa rule, the beds 

re "Rma to continue production for far too many oe and the 
fruit consequently deteriorates, losing both size and succulenee. New 
blood and new ideas, with the habit of modern practice in strawberry- 
growing, as it is done in Kent and Surrey for the great London markets, 
is very mush wanted at the Cape. The demand for the frnit is. 
practically unlimited. The month closes with the early riesce aud 
this de icious fruit queens it right through. December. If 0 ur growers. 
would only learn the first principles of pruning this far too Based 
growins r fruit tree, keep its bountiful nature well under control, and 
thin its bearing to something like one-half, then truly would the Cape 
have such apricots as no other place in the world could show 
r reads this little resumé, and begins to turn over in his mind 
dis idea of ciii out to the Cape to utilise there his practical knowledge 


198 


of European fruit-growing, will naturally ask what conveniences already 
exist in the way of supply of orchard stock. Every practical man would 
hesitate to bring out with him a lot of grafted trees, selected as best he 
could, for a country he had not even seen, and of whose climate and soil 
he had rienee, But very recently there have been introduced 
into the Colony large numbers of the very best modern fruit-sorts of all 
kinds, by men who have themselves comete learned - capacity and 
conditions of the Cape as a fruit-growing country, and it is not too much 
to say iret by their industrious máltiplication of these picked kinds, the 
mark st-class orchard stuff is now amply supplied. There is no 
reason now for continuing the old system of seedlings, unless out of 
pure wrong-headedness and refusal to take up with improved methods. 
So friendly is the climate here to the skilled manipulations of € 
nurserym ae that first-class grafted yearlings can be obtained at price 
not great *tha os those ruling in England, and thoroughly reliable " 
pengi ock. To import for oneself on coming out to the Ca 
would certainly Taveive the loss of a season, to say nothing of difficulties 
in the way of immediately finding ground wherein to set out the con- 
signment. Immigrants of the kind one would so gladly see spreading 
Uilbséon over the best districts of the Colony, each with his market- 
orchard grown and tended in the way that means business and sound 
profits, would be wise not to start at once, but to spy out the try 
first for m md and for themselves see what our grapes of Eshcol 
are like, take stock of us and our little old-fashioned ways and con- 
servative habits 0 - Perl gf and then only, when the land was no longer 
, and t ss climatic eonditi have become familiar, to 
éxpiott their ea ware some selected fertile piece of land, and add to 
the wealth of their pen country by successfully adding to their 


* A brief memorandum like the present cannot by any means give all 
the information that an English fruit-grower would find useful when he 
is thinking of looking out for fresh fields and pastures new. It would be 
well to note carefully the details to be found in the Z//ustrated Handbook 
of the Cape. But perhaps the best idea of the way cultural matters go 
on here, and the peculiar conditions of Cape rural life, would be obtained 
by consulting the issues of the Cape Agricultural Journal, now in its 
ninth volume, At the basis of all calculations lies the fact that the 
Government, unlike those of Australia and New Zealand, have no 
available acreage out of which they can make free grants to new-comers, 
and this is simply because the Colony dates back some two centuries 
before the time when the sister Colonies began to be exploited by the 
intrusive European. All available land, at least within colonial 
bou ida; has long ago been taken u and is in private possession. 
d r tenancy at a moderate rent is —— a prime factor in all 

recasts of: new cultural ventures. Suitable land, even such as has never 
felt the plough, but is simply sat upon by the proprietor, and goes with 
his ure area, would sell at about 107. per morgen of two acres, 
provided it were within easy reach of a market by railway. The ren 
would perhaps be 10s. to 12s. per morgen. Mere wheatlands would 


unlimited scope, but its market is yet to be made. Also it is only near 
the larger centres of population in the south-west that labourers can be 
found who have even a small degree of skill in the ruder operations of 
cultural work, Coloured men, the descendants of the old slave popula- 
tion, with a considerable amount of miscegenation, can be relied npon to - 


199 


trench, dig, and hoe orchard and vineyard, ‘to pate rt harrow, and to 
give the vines their annual prunings, an them have even 
rodtiitly learnt to graft with fair success. Of ott “all this is subject to 
a vigilant supervision, and subject also to the fact that the labourer's 

wants are so very few as to make him somewhat e Md He 


E 
with rations for self and family. As a rule these last are rfectly 
unreliable, and are unaequainted with the use of other than the simplest 
uana tools. 

** In conclusion, y is highly advisable for any one intending to try fruit- 
culture at the Cape to bank his capital on arrival, and arrange to receive 
the colonial rate of interest, meanwhile seeking out a situation with 
some one who is already owner of the land upon which he lives This 
wo the best course, even if no salary and nothing but board were 

— in the way of remuneration for services rendered. In a short 

e experience in Cape ways and Cape seasons w would thus be gained, 
d the land. spied out. It is much. fiae this fashion that the best and 
wealthiest pom among us have worked their way in and up. The 

uropean coming from an English farm and makin i 

without e knowledge, has much to learn and unlearn, or he will 
inevitably come to grief in a few years. And what is true of the larger 
venture of quens is even more certain with the somewhat more refined 
economy of the orchard. 

“ The Ghowas details as to the export of fruit from the port of Cape 
Town during the season of 1894 is drawn from the Customs returns. It 
is impossible to say accurately what proportion this bears to the quantity 
sent up to the ever ready market of the Transvaal, but in the opinion of 
those qualified to judge it has already been tripled or quadrupled. 


RETURN OF FRUITS EXPORTED DURING THE SEASON 1893-94. 


Sorts of Fruits. December. | E-M February. | March. | April. | Total. 
Apples - - . vsum | ne 89 41 50 180 
Apricots  - a ee 12 | 12 ats is i 24 
Gooseberries ~ E — — 1 tad & 1 
Graps — - 0c — 443 3,139 1,800 | 901 6,283 
Grenadilas .. - - = 1 —. =... uml, d pile: 
Melona «nii oiii: ctc beides «| co Ep oat ty uo 
Nectarines - Pu m as 4 19 — f= 23 
Pears  - - - ger — 175 164 43 982 
Peaches . - m A a 530 46 <n TO 576 
Pineapples E E — Á— — rj — 1 
Plums - E o^ — — 1 - i L 
Quinees * be . ms me pe 30 1 si 
Tomatoes - a, — 13 43 Él a 57 

Total. packages - 12 1,007 3,626 2,043.1 995 7,083 
Declared yale 4 4 ig 7 6| 74 9 0| £6 6 3| £4 [m 2 9” 


200 


DLVIII.—CANAIGRE. 
(Rumex hymenosepalus, Torr.) 


The history of this new tanning material was given in two previous 
articles in hod Kew Bulletin (1890, pp. 63-69, and 1894, pp. 167—168). 
re was given in 1895 in the Botanical Magazine (t. 7433). 
Keesing t to the following extract from the Report for 1896 on the 
Trade and Agriculture of California (Foreign Office 1897, Annal No. 
1922), it is rapidly making its way as a tanning material for light leather. 


* Canaigre is the American corruption of the Spanish ** cana agria," 
sour cane, It is also called ** Yerba-Colorado” in Mexico, localisms 
being “red dock” “tanner’s dock," and “wild rhubarb.” The best 
way to Propagate the plant is by use of small roots rather than by seed. 
About 1,000 Ibs. of tubers will plant an acre, and October and November 
are the best months for putting in the crop, though where irrigation can 
be practised, planting may be done at any time. The value of canaigre 
as a tanning agent, either alone or in connexion with e tannins, has 
been proved beyond question. For light leather it gives great tensile 


hemlock. It isa quick tanner, and the yellow colour absorbed by the 
hide in the process of tanning is considered highly desirable for certain 
leathers. The sliced and dried tubers, containing an average of 30 per 

cent. of tannic acid, are worth from 8. to 9l. per ton. A yield of from 
seven to 10 tons per acre would give 24 to 31 tons of the dried cone 


for which there is a constant demand in Europe and America, [nas 
as the plant grows wild in this vieinity, and the seed roots are mee 
obtained, the industry commends itself to the farmer of l means, as 


it is harvested in such a short period after planting." 


DLIX.—EXTRACTION OF GUTTA PERCHA FROM 
LEA 3 
The following communication supplements the information already 
given in the Kew Bulletin (1891, pp. 231-239). 
Extract from letter from Director * Gardens and Forest Depart- 
ment, Straits Settlements, to Roya — Kew, dated Botanic 
Gardens, — (— 18, 18 


The leaves are imported in sacks dry from Borneo and Johore. Most 
of the trees are overcut in Singapore, and there are no more leaves left, 

I hear. The leaves and twigs cost four dollars and a half a picul 
(189 lbs.) They are then put, damped with hot water, into a rolling 
machine, tw orking against each other, which grind them to 
pow vid. The powder is thrown into tanks of water and shaken about. 
'The gutta floats in the form of a green mealy-looking stuff, is lifted out 
by fine copper T nets, € in warm water m: pressed into moulds. 
m the leaves, and the 


] do not know how long it will last, on account of the difficulty of 
procuring leaves, which must, I think, sooner or E stop the trade.” 


201 


DLX.—WINE PRODUCTION IN FRANCE. 


In the Report on the trade of Bordeaux for the year 1896 (Foreign 
Office, Annual Series, 1897, No. 1916), which has been communicated to 
Kew by the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, a striking picture is 
drawn of the effects. i vu phylloxera on the wine production of 
France, and of the vari expedients which have been resorted to to 
make up thé ciega in Foia ion. 


ANNUAL PRODUCTION. 


« The annual wine production of France, : during the 25 years 
preceding the year 1879 amounted on the rage to 1,100,000,000 
gallons, a quantity sufficing both for the wants "i home consumption in 
this country and for those of the export trade to foreign countries 
(about 65,000,000 to 75,000,000 gallons per annum), has since that 
time (in eonsequence of the ravages of the phylloxera and other vine 

iseases, as well as of ne atmospheric influences during many 
years) declined to an average annual yield of about 725,000,000 gallo ons, 
a falling-off, therdiung " about 375 ,000,000 gallons per annum 


“ [n order to meet this deficiency France, as is we "— has been 
obliged to import Temm foreign (more — -— = , Italian, 
Portuguese, and Dalmatian) wines, which are to s tent sold in 
their nag Re state, but the far larger proportion are pedo p blending 
with the light French wines of the commonest class. hese blended 
Franco-foreign wines a ready market, as th ns 


France. On the other hand, however, the dearth of the cheapest kind 
of French wines, which in € times were T enough to be 
obtained even, by the modest purse, has given rise to a great 
development of the odia oi of artificial Me ipee from raisins 
and other grape substitutes), ar these find a ready market, especially 
amongst those poorest classes the population who look more to the 
low price than to the quality "of the liquor, of which they are accus- 
tomed to drink a large quantum. That in the Gironde, for instance, 
this daily quantum of wine is considerable amongst both the poorer and 
wealthier inhabitants is evident from the fact that the average annual 
consumption of wine per head of the population in this department 
amounts to 32°34 gallons. 


ARTIFICIAL WINES. 


* Though the importation of foreign wines and the manufacture of 
artificial wines had the natural effect of keeping the prices of the 
genuine French product on the whole at a low figure, their competition 
was not so seriously felt and complained of mc the wine growers and 
merchants of this country so long as the supply of such foreign or 
artificial wines kept within the limits iiy required for m the 
deliciency in French production. 
* But of recent years the a and sale of artificial wines in 
France, ell as the importation o wines, have experienced 
such an js coal enm that, the pee French article is 
wre being driven of the market, and wine growers and merchants 
every year find iba more and more difficalt if not ipii to dispose 


202 


of their accumulating stocks of red and white wines: of good Rosi. 
Considering, moreover, that the majority of French vineyard owners 
have, during the last 15 years, Spares no trouble and (when they could. 
afford it) no expense in combating the many vine diseases, and, if 
necessary, in replanting the devastated vineyards, and that the sacrifices 


flooding of the markets of France and also foreign countries with 
foreign or artificial imitations of French wines must create considerable 
dissatisfaction amongst both vineyard owners and wine merchants in 
Bordeaux and other prominent wine-producing districts of this country. 
The French Government have, during the past year, in Sensei et, 
been strongly urged by the wine merchants and vine eyard owners of the 


been introduced. 


PHYLLOXERA. 


" M idea ofthe extent of the widespread damage caused by the 
hylloxera since its first appeara mce 17 years ago, in the more or less 


the fact that of the aggregate area of land planted with vines in the 
Gironde in the year 1879, which is officially estimated at 450,000 acres, 
only 81,820 aeres have (ow ving apparently to the silicious nature of the 
soil) entirely escaped the incursion of this noxious parasite. The total 
area of the vineyards which have been more or less serfously infested 
has, up to this date, reached 368,200 acres. Of this large infested area 
104,310 acres haye been uprooted and replanted with American and 
co-American vines which are abie to resist the attacks of the phyl- 
loxera; 49,807 acres of vines are subjected to a continuous preventive 
treatment which Slate the phylloxera from extending its dest structive 
work, and 100,950 acres are, owing to the inability or unwillingness of 
the owners to defray the heavy cost of combating it, left to its mercy, 
and suffer of course seriously in their productiveness. But the remain- 
ing 114,100 acres of vine-growing land infested by the phylloxera since 
1879 are no longer cultivated with vines, and are now either lying waste 
or have been converted into grass land. 

* Thus the aggregate area of vineyards under cultivation in the Gironde 
at the beginning of the year 1896 was only 336,900 acres; figures 
showing a very large diminution compared with those given above for 

2 y moreover also show a small failing-off, namely of 8,375 

red with the figures for 1895, which was due to the fact that 

whilst 12,410 aeres of diseased and unproductive vines were uprooted in 
1895-96, ‘the area of fresh vine plantations reached only 4,035 acres. .. 

T Amongst the 336,900 aeres of vineyards existing in this Department 
at the commencement of last year 104,310 acres consisted (as above 
stated) in fresh plantations g gradually made since the date of the first 
appearance of the phylloxera ; of Advi. fresh plantations 5,212 acres 
were in American direct-producing vines, but by far the larger proportion, 
viz., about 98,000 acres, consisted in American vines grafted with | 


203 


French plants. The extent of fresh plantations with these Franco- 

merican vines has, of late years, been and is still steadily increasing, 
whilst peer of direct- producing American vines are being gradually less 
resorted t tis, however, pointed out by competent viticulturists that 
in spite of the success obtained by the former, great care should never- 
theless be taken to select the right species of American vines fi 
grafting upon, for if this be not don ne, the renthal success of the 
operation (though the- first results may appear satisfactory) must be 
uncertain. 

“ The considerable expense of the preventive treatment of the vines (in 


f combating the phylloxera is indeed to uproot the infested 
b vineyards and to recultivate them with American vines grafted with 


** There can now be no doubt that owing to the considerable increase in 
the value of a vineyard, consisting of vines which are thus not only able 
to resist the inroads of the phylloxera, but which are extremely produc- 
tive, proprietors would in ordinary conditions soon find themselves repaid 
for their first outlay and trouble, "Unfortunately, there is the existing 
difficulty, the competition of foreign and artificial wines, a cireumstance 
which will render unprofitable, not to say disheartening, these and other 
efforts on the part of the sorely tried growers towards i improving their 
property and increasing their wine produc ion 

* It may be here observed that the total actual pecuniary loss caused ùp 
to the present time to the vineyard owners of the Gironde Department by 
the ravages of the phylloxera, arising both from a diminution i in the area 
and the productiveness of vine growing land, is estimated at about 
26,000,0007., and that of the total cost ineurred in poormirfe the 
deyastated vineyards as well as in combating the Sprang of the phyl- 
loxera. at about 6,000,000/., thus showing an aggregate loss of about 
3 il. to the viticulturists i in this department alone. If the loss 
and expense oceasioned by the phylloxera in all other wine-producing 


departments of France were added, itis probable that a total estimate 


considerably exceeding 100,000 0001. would be reached." 


OTHER VINE DISEASES. 


“The phased and preventive treatment of the | vines. wit th the 

* Bouillie bordelaise ' (see Kew Pm 1888, 271), which with very 
few exceptions nues now becom anding practice amongst growers, 
had the desired effect of ingen nas vineyards free from mildew, a 
disease feared at one time almost as much as the phylloxera itself. On 
the other hand the kindred pest called blackrot showed itself in many 
parts of the Gironde, though the damage done by it was, in consequence 
of preventive treatment taken by growers, not so serious in 189 ap as had 
been feared. Though the use of the * Bouillie bordelaise’ as preven 
tive against — is of considerable value, no thoro e: etioneions 
remedy nst this disease appears, in spite of continued elabora 

Demande, io have yet been discovered," 


204 


DLXI.--UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 


The development and organisation of the most Maior tant botanical 
institutions of other nations is of e especial —— o Kew, which is 
cj www brought into close relations with them 

The following account of the United States National Herbarium at 
Washington, by Mr. F. V. Coville, Chief Botanist to the United States 
Government, is therefore reprinted from the Botanical Gazette for 
November 1896 (pp. 418—420) :— 


T view of an evident laek of correct information regarding the 
t change in the custody of the National Herbarium, it has seeme 
desirable that a brief sketch of the present relationship and work of the 
division of botany of the United Vemm Department of Agriculture and 
the herbarium be presented to ers 
* During at least the past Mié. Mikttistra di ous, covering a period of 
nearly 12 years, there has been a feeling among the authorities of the 
Department of Agriculture that the "Division of Botany should be 
relieved of the custody of the National Herbarium, that institution 
haring grown beyond a mere consulting herbarium to the dimensions of 
t gov Marec repository of botanieal collections, an 
pennin a fit charge for the Smithsonian Institution. As a result of 
negotiations between the two establishments, the herbarium was jai ns- 
ferred about two years ago from the Department of Agriculture to 
redi d in. i fireproof building of the National Museum, which is 
under the direction of the Smithsonian Institution, oe _ department, 
rose continuing to furnish cumst money for its mainten But on 
uly 1, 1896, the museum assumed complete charge of the Herbarium, 
being enabled to provide for 7 through an füctenko of $10,000 in the 
appropriations of the museum, added by Congress for this special 
purpose. The disbursement of this sum for the National Herbarium is 
made, pides through the Smithsonian Institution. Two assistant 
eurators, Dr. J. N. Rose and Mr. C. L. Pollard, have been transferred 
from the Department of Agriculture to the Museum, with the necessary 
clerical help, and a new assistant curator of the cryptogamic RMECHU, 
Mr. O. F. Cook, appointed, the botanist of the Department of A 


Institution, the National Herbarium is now favourably situated to 
continue its development as the repository of the B collections 
acquire by the various branches of our governmen 

“The Division of Botany in the Department of Agidi has now 
a force of twenty persons, including clerks = labourers and funds to 
the amount of $29,000 available for the expenditures of the present 
fiscal year. Mr. Frederick V. Coville is botanist xi | chief of division 
and is especially engaged in work upon the native plani resources of the 
United States and upon the geographie distribution of plants. Mr. G. 
IH Hicks i is sistant hi and has special charge of seed investigations 


done by m their present distribution and means o issemination, 
ways of holding them in cheek, and warnings about eriy Ratodated 


T V. K. Chesnut has charge of the pharmacological laboratory and 
conducts investigations on poisonous plants, more particulary those 
native species which are a common cause of poisoning in man or 


205 


domestic animals. Mr. A. J, Pieters has charge of the anatomical and 
photographie work of the division, and is conducting a special series of 
experiments on the germination of weed Mr. W. W. Tracy, 
recently appointed from the seed farm of D. M. Fer erry & Co. 
charge of greenhouse and outdoor tests of seeds and of the cultivation 
of native food and other economic plants. Mr. J. C. Dabney is assist- 
g in experiments in seed selection, and is making eus of the effect 
of various chemicals upon germination. Mr. Sothor ey has charge 
of laboratory germination tests, and is conducting Practical trials of the 
relative merits of various kinds of labor atory apparatus. Mr. John B. 
Leiberg is carrying on the greater part of the field work connected 
. F : 


artist of the division, recently appointed after passing the highest 
examination among 21 competitors. 

* The Division of Botany as at present organised is an establishment 
equipped with the best scientifically trained men obtainable, and with 
od modern appliances for the investigation of agr ieultural botanical 
proble 


DLXII.—COMPLETION OF FLORA OF BRITISH INDIA. 


The issue of the twenty-second part concluding the Flora of British 
India was recorded in the Kew Bulletin for December last. The 
following correspondence which has been officially addressed to Sir 
Joseph Hooker deserves to be placed on record as a recognition of his 
services in this and other fields of ici to India :— 


Inpra OrFice to Sir J. D. HookER, 


India Office, London, S.W., 
Sir, ay 31, 1897. 
I am directed by the Secretary of State for India in Council to 
forward copy of a letter, in which the Government of India express 
their satisfaction at the completion of your Flora of British India. 
Lord George Hamilton desires heartily to associate himself with the 
Government of India in their acknowledgment of the valuable services 
you have done to India by this great work, and by your labour in the 
field = Tepe botany, since you first visited that country nearly 50 
years a 


am, &e. 
(Signed) A. GODLEY. 
Sir Joseph Hooker, K.C.S.I., C.B., F.R.S. 


GOVERNMENT OF INDIA. to SECRETARY OF STATE. 
My Lorp Simla, April 21, 1897, 
We are informed by our Direetor of the zone Survey of 
India that the Flora of British India, which was begun by Sir Joseph 
Hooker some 25 years ago, has just been brought by em to » completion 
The value of the work as a contribution to pure science has already 


206 


has rendered by his monumental undertaking. He has for the first 
time brought the botany of the empire into a collective form and placed 
it upon a firm and lasting basis, thus completing the work which he 
began nearly half a century ago in the Himalayas. We would ask your 
Lordship to convey to Sir J oseph Hooker our high appreciation of his 
labours, and of their value and importance as systematising and adding 
to ed Knowledge of the vegetable productions of India; and our hearty 
atulations upon having brought to a satisfactory conclusion a 

ees to which he has devoted so many years of his life 

We have, &c. 
(Signed) ELGIN. 
G. 


The Right Hon. E. H.-H.: COLLEN. 
.. Lord George F. Hamilton, A.-C. TREVOR. 
Her Majesty’s Secretary of State 
for India. 


JDLXIII—MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. 


n the premature death of Mr. J. THEODORE Bent, the distinguished 
ea geographical and botanical science have sustained a 


home brought on acute pneumonia, and he died on May 5, at the early 
age = 45 years. 

-Bent and his wife, who was his constant companion, were 
eau travellers in the East, in Arabia, and in Africa. The in- 
teresting botanical results of their. memorable Jonas, to Hadramaut 
(in.1893-4), on wur P were accompanied by Mr. William Lunt, a 
member. of the. staff of the Royal Gardens, are given in she Kew 
Bulletin for 1894 geld 398.343), Those of their second journey in 
Arabia Felix in 1894-5, were published in the Kew Bulletin oe 1895 
(pp. 180-186). The materials they obtained brought onh eat the 
relations of the Flora of Southern Arabia to Africa on the and, an 
to Western Asia on the other. They returned last winter js the same 
region, visiting in addition the island of Sokotra. Bat the plants they 
obtained have not yet been worked up. 

Mr. Theodore Bent possessed a singular charm of manner, and an. 
eager intelligence. His own object in travel was mainly archzological. 
But he was. eenly anxious to assist any other branch of science to 
which he could be of u 


Botanical r ApriL—The plants figured are Agave 
Haseloffii, Gentiana Jj DERE Tristania laurina, Gongora tricolor, 
and Senecio Smithii. The Agave isa me species which has been 
in cultivation at Kew for many years, and flowered for the first time in 

1895. The Gentiana is a tall-growing species with leaves sometimes 


18 inches long. The plant figured was raised from seed supplied by 


207 


the Royal Botanic Gardens, Calcutta. Tristania laurina, from 
Eastern camere has been. grown at Kew for a psi time, but 
the Wer drawn for the Magazine was furnished Thomas 
Hanbury, Esa of La Mortola. Gongora tricolor is a ia of Costa 
Rica, whence * (he Kew plant was sent by the late Mr. R. Pfau. The 
fine Senecio was first discovered by Banks and Solander in Tierra del 
Fuego during Cook’s first voyage. It has since been found 2 Aic 
Chili, and seeds, from which the plant figured was raised, 

sent to Kew from the Falkland Islands, where they had been "collected 
by Mr. A. Linney, of the Government Gardens 


Botanical Magazine for May.—All the plants pre are in culti- 
vation at Kew. Agave kewensis, from Mexico, flowered for the ls rst 
time in the Royal Gardens in 1895. Mazillaria houtteana is tiv 
of Guatemala and Venezuela. The plant figured was obtaine "hot 
the Brussels Botanical Garden. S? yringa amurensis is a privet-like 
plant from North China and Japan. Professor Sargent, who had 
introduced it from the Jnter country into America, sent plants to Kew. 
Dimorphotheca Eck was raised from seeds supplied by Mr. 
William Armstrong, Of ort Elizabeth, where it occurs wild. J). 
Eckionis differs from all the other species figured in the Botanical 
Magazine in having a shrubby stem. Gomphocarpus setosus, native of 
Southern Arabia, has but little merit as a garden plant. Seeds from 
which the plant figured was raised were collected by Mr. Lunt during 
the Hadramaut Expedition in 1893. 


Hooker’s Icones Plantarum.—Parts one and two of the sixth 
Mai of x n series (plates 2501-2550) have appeared. 
Tw w gen e figured, namely, Efulensia (Passifloraceæ) and 
Campylogyne " (Combretace ex). The former is a native of West 

ical Africa, where it was discovered by our correspondent, Mr. 

"E B and it is nearly allied to Crossostemma, differing in 
having compound leaves and free styles. Campylogyne, from the same 
country, had been erroneously referred to as Cacoucia. Dorstenia 
arabica, Hemsl., is a singular species having a fleshy stem and bullate, 
shining leaves. "It was one of the discoveries of the late Mr. Bent. 


g , We u 
embedded with bones of the Dodo. Echinops bromeliefolius, Baker, is 
remarkable for its foliage and vay long cylindrical receptacle. Saco- 
glottis amazonica, Mart. ( ana iee Ran = ud source of a * drift-fruit " 
figured and described three centuri Tradescantia orchido- 
phylla, Rose and Hemsl., has large Piinia: leaves lying flat on the 
ground, and a few shortly stalked flowers clustered in the centre. 
Glossostemon Br uguieri, Desf., is a member of the Sterculiaceæ 
inhabiting Mesopotamia nA the neighbouring countries, having a large 
spiny fruit, until now imperfectly known. x y there is a series of 
about a dozen plates of figures of Mexi species of Eryngiu 
exhibiting a great range of variety in habit, foliage, involucre, and fruit, 
the last both in appendages and in cross-sectio 


U 98273. Cc 


208 


Tibetan Plants —Two additional collections of dried plants have been 
received from Tibet, which is becoming more and more the field of 
active exploration. One of these was made by Captain Wellby and 
Lieutenant Malcolm during a journey across Tibet between 35° and 36° 
N. The other was obtained by Captain Deasy and Mr. Arnold Pike 
when trav elling i in Western Tibet. Both collections exhibit the stunted 
vegetation so characteristic. of this flora. Selections from both have 
been exhibited at the Ko toyal Society's '"Convérsnzione, where they 
attracted much attention. 


rimula farinosa in the Andes,—The isolated eei of a species of 
aula in Tierra del Fuego and the Falkland Islands, whether 
regarded as specifically distinct from the northern P. Rak or not, 
has been commented upon by most ess M botanieal geography. Sir 

Joseph Hooker (Flora AR TUrofted, ii. 37) specially dudes to the 
absence of the genus, so far as then TÉ pon all parts of the Andes, 


latitude than 39°. Since then two species have been discovered in the 
mountains of Arizona and New Mexico, and now Prof. F. Philippi, the 
director of the botanic garden at Santiag go, has sent specimens of the 
South American species from two distant di in the Chilian Andes. 
One is from the Cordillera del Rio Manso in 41? 30' P lat., and the 
other from the Cordillera de Ani t in 39? S. But Kew 
previously possessed a specimen of Primula PF from ib 
though the fact seems not to have been recorded before. This spec 
was collected bv Mr. Pearce, a traveller in the service of bem Tue ames 
Veitch & Co., in the Cordillera de Ranco, prias between the other 
two xp and was presented to Kew in 1884 

The South American specimens represent both large and small- 
flowered CUR i one of those from the Andes having flowers nearly 
or quite an inch in diameter. 


Ceylon Flora.—The untimely death of Dr, Trimen unhappily es deem 
admirable pun to the Flora of Ceylon in an unfinishe e. 


Two volumes still remain to be written in ion to the three Pase 
published. "Sir Joseph Hooker has most generously offered to undertake 
the preparation of these, and his offer has been accepted by the Govern- 


ment of Ceylon. The necessary pied and specimens have already 
been received at Kew from the Royal Botanie Garden, Peradeniya. 
More than thirty years ago Sir Joseph Hooker assisted Dr. Thwaites 
in his Enumeratio Plantarum Ze ylanie. 


Aids to Colonial Development.—The following is an extract from an 
article which appeared in the Journal des Débats for March 20 last, and. : 
of which a translation Seer in the United States Sa Reports. 
for May (pp. 162-163) :— 


« A nation that desires to form colonies will find that r r O of 
the p is hardly the beginning of her task. ‘The resources of the 
country must be studied and appraised ; the igeiWiltarel’ “aiid geological 
map of the que must be prepared ; the soil must be analyzed, native 


209 


plants catalogued, foreign ones introduced, the best selected, gos acre 
woods adopted to in diee d way neues and assist the colon 
EE 


first-class establishment, where plants are cultivated whose products can 

be used in the industries, such as rubber and camphor trees, gum pestes 

&e. ese are introduced into the neighbouring Dutch colonies. 

Laboratories have been established, pamphlets are published, and photo- 

graphs = ed to advertise the useful plants of the colonies ‘and their 
ets 


= The English have accomplished still more. The large botanical 
garden at Kew, known all over the world, is in correspondence with eighty 
similar establishments in English possessions—India, Guiana, Canada, 
Ceylon, &e. From each Kew receives plants, seeds, &e., which are cul- 
tivated with great care, not only in samples, but in sufficient number to 
e sent later to other colonies. The Germans, at Berlin, and the 

Belgians at Jembloux, have similar institutions. 
“ There is nothing more difficult then to transport plants, and, on the. 
other hand, nothing more useful. The majority of industrial Ls 
i S > ‘ 


coffee cultivated only in its cradle, Arabia? Has not the cacao 
first found in hon been carried to Java, and the vanilla plant, of the 
same place, to Réunion. The advantage of transporting jute, now the 
monopoly e ‘India, rubber, quinine, gum, and clove-producing trees, as 
well as ornamental plants, to climates where the conditions would be 
favourable, i is obvious. It will be found, however, that very few seeds 
retain their eee qua ye enough to permit a c e 0 
loeality, espeeially when the voyage is of some duration, for instance, 
from Indo-China to the Antilles or the Congo. The plants themselves 
are too delicate to be transported. A bot anical garden that can receive 
them and allow them to recuperate, as it were, from the voyage, before 
continuing to their destination, i is indispensable to scientific nodes: 
development of the colonies. 


Fodder Plants in British Guiana.—In the Dee for the ei 
1895-6 by the Superintendent of the Botanie Gard t Georgeto 
British Guiana, attention is drawn to the un suitability: of Alfalfa, die" 
Spanish name of the plant known in this count ey as Lucerne (.Medicago 
poema for cultivation in tropical countries. e experiment in 


son) in other parts of the tropies. On the other hand interesting 
partieulars are given of isse that have Boch entirely satisfactory. 
These are described as follow 

ot of Bahama grass (6 edis Dactylon; Pers.) taken from one 
of the huh that had | never been manured, in 12 mowings in the year 
gave ar aggregate of 22 on an acre. 

Para grass (Panicum muticum, Forsk., P. barbinode, Trin.) that had 
been reaped on the same ground for several years in succession, without 
manure, ploughing, or replanting, i in five mowings in the year gave 
41} tons per acre. 


210 


Guinea grass (Panicum maximum, Jacq.) on a rich piece of land, 
though not dies prepared for this trial gave in five crops in the 
year, 107 tons per acre. 

Maize in two crops for the year gave nine tons per acre. This was 
specially sown. 

nutritious native pea plant, Phaseolus semi-erectus, L. 
(widely distributed in tropical Ameriea) of whieh cattle are ravenously 
fond, gave, ap atti without cultivation, in two crops in the year, a 
total of over 27 tous per acre. 

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa, L.) in two crops for the year, gave only a 

f 400 Ibs. 


The Rose of Jericho.—The plant commonly known as the Rose of 
Jericho is Anastatica hierochuntica, L., and that it has borne that 
name for centuries is proved by the fact that it is figured and described 

uch by nearly all the early herbalists. Lonitzer (Lonicera), the 
first edition of whose Kreuterbuch appeared in the middle of the sixteenth 


Rosen von Hiericho, Rosa Hierichuntis, Rosa ari 
Hierosolimitana, Several other sixteenth century authors write more 
fully on it. But it is now claimed that Asteriscus pygmeus, Coss. et 


rp 


Dur. (Composite), is the true Rose of Jericho. The Abbé Michon, 
who accompanied De Saulcy on his travels in the East, describes 
tE oyage Perigus en Orient, vol. ii., p. 383) a plant under the name 

f S i u f 


aulcy 

Jericho of the pilgrims of the Middle Ages, because it is introduced 
into the arms of several French noble families. Boissier (Flora a Orien- 
talis, iii., p. 179) identified Sauleya with Asteriscus, and cites Michon's 
opinion as to its being the true Rose of Jerieho. Here the matter 
rested apparently until 1882, when Dr. P. Ascherson rnnt the subject 
before the Ue nischen Vereins der Provinz Brandenburg (Verhand- 
lun Pu xxiii. p. 44). More recently (1886) Dr. G. Schweinfurth has 
wri on * "i Vraie Rose de Jericho” (Bull. de I Inst. Egypt., 2™° 
série, n. 6, pp. 92-96), where, according to Just (Bot. Jahresber., 1886, 
2. 96), he recognises Asteriscus pygmeus as the plant. his covers 


ider geogra 
Baluchistan, and it is very abundant in the neighbourhood of Jericho. 
In Asteriscus it is the involueral sepes especially that are hygroscopic, 
being closely incurved over the fruit in a dry state and quickly opening 
out to an almost horizontal position ae the influence of moisture. 


ROYAL GARDENS, KEW. 


BULLETIN 


MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION, 


No. 127.] JULY. [1897. 


DLXIV.—MARRAM GRASS. 
(Ammophila arundinacea, Host.) 


Marram grass is a native of the shores of Europe and North 
Africa. Itis the most important grass for binding moving drift 
sands. It may be propagated either from portions of the roots or 
from seed, and is the subject on this account of occasional 
enquiry. It has been successfully introduced into Australia, on 
the recommendation of the late Sir Ferd. von Mueller, K.C.M.G., 
and proved most satisfactory. The following detailed account of 
it, prepared eri * H. Maiden, F.L.S., Director of the Botanic — 
Gardens at New South Wales, is taken from the 
Agricultural y cem for New South Wales, vol. vi., pp. 7-12 :— 


committee of the Legislature, appointed in 1852 to enquire 
into the means of preserving Cape Cod Harbour, in Massachusetts, 
in speaking of the beach between the ocean on the north an 
channel of East Harbour, which is all that prevents the sea from 
breaking over into Cape Cod Harbour, says : :—This tract consists 


into the channel of East Harbour, and is carried by a strong - 
current into the north-west part of Cape Cod Harbour. The 
ocean on the north is wasting this narrow beach away in every 
storm, and the current in East Harbour channel undermining and 
destroyi ing it on the south. s decay of the beach has been on 
the increase for several years; it has narrowed within seven or 
eight Lee by the tide hat s runs through East Harbour cbannel, 
from eight to ten rods. ere the mail stage travelled only one 
year since, is now the channel, ws 6 feet of water at low tide, 
and egies 12 to 14 feet at high w 

The first effort made by the Bete for the preservation of this - 
important harbour appears to have been in 1714. The town was 
incorporated i in 1727, and was at that time a place of some extent ; 


14359—1375—8/97 Wt61 D&S 29 A 


212 


ae — yere oe began to leave, and in less than twenty 
reduc to two or three rami M onda the 
eie the Pee nuin. and is now a thriving to 

The object of the law of 1714 was to arrest the catin of 
the tree and shrubbery on the province lands, and on the 
ae of which it was dd RM the harbonr depended, as 
E d prevented drifting of the sa 

n 1824 commissioners were ni by the State Government 
w examine the snbject, and report what action was necessary to 
yey the rapid destruction of the harbour. ee ecommended 
n Act to prevent the destruction of beach-grass, and reported 
that the sum of 3,600 dollars would be ne cessary to set out that 
plant, make fences, etc. The Legislature in 1826 applied to 
Congress for that sum, and Congress has, at different times, made 
Pppopeietions t m de amount of about 38,000 dollars, which seem 
ve failed, in some measure, 2 accomplish the object 
tad, and East Harbour is still vg Be = up. 

Many years ago, it was as customary t rn the inhabitants of 
Truro, and some other towns on the Cape; every spring, to turn 
out to plant beach-grass, as it was in the inland towns to turn out 
and mend the roads. This was required by law, with suitable 
xp hae for its neglect, and took place in Apri 

mer of much practical knowledge concerning this subject, 
says :—' a Since the cattle have been kept from the beaches, by the 
Act of the eet erst of 1826, the grass and shrubs have sprung 
up of their own accord, and have, in a great measure, in the 
westerly parts of the Cape, —— what was intended to be 
done by planting grass. It is of no use to plant grass on the high 
parts of the beach. Plant a the ie parts and they will rise, 
while the highest places, over which the grass will spread, are 
levelling by the wind. To preserve the beach it must be kept as 
level as possible. 

Beach-grass is of little value, except to prevent our loose sandy 
em from being drifted about by the wind. We have but one 
species, and this is fast spreading over our upland, making it 
merum for cultivation. Land that would produce from 20 to 
25 bushels of Indian corn to the acre, without any manure, 
twenty-five or thirty years ago, is now overrun with beach-grass, 
and will produ nothing else. If the dead jd is burnt off i 
the spring, it will make a pretty good pasture for mcr and 
horses. It keeps green dem 2 than any grass we have. Itc 
cultivated from the seed or by sipor apri Our loose e 
beaches are the pos suitable for its growth. 

Be ms to require the asatibóó of some disturbing 
causes to asikie it to attain its ded Few sei The driving 
winds in some localities are suffici while in other places, 
where it does not thrive so well, it is a t that an iron-tooth 
harrow would greatly improve and aid its growth. (Flint, Grasses 
and Forage Plants.) 


While this grass has been extensively used in Europe, probably 
for centuries, for binding coast sands, it does not appear to have 
been introduced into Australia for the purpose until recently. 

e seed of the Marram grass was first introduced into the 
Colony of Victoria by Baron von Mueller in 1883, and by him 


213 


nies to the Borough Council of Port mee for experiment 
n the n shifting sand-hummocks fronting the coast line of 
Port F iry. It has proved to be the most effectual sandstay ever 
las was Practical ery di of its value can be seen in the 
50 miles of sandhills mue between Warrnambool and Port 
ed by 


under 
the direction of Mr. 8. €— the park ranger. So complete has 
been the reclamation of the lands, that where a few years ago not 
a sign of vegetation was to be seen, there now exists a succulent 
grass eagerly devoured by cattle, and growing to a height o 
4 feet. Marram grass is practically Ar RER RRE 
cutting, or eating off only makes it thrive—while in exposed 
shifting sand it propagates as surely as in the most sheltered 
situations. 
The grass is planted in rows ata distance of s feet apart, the 
space between the plants sd least 2 f ape The depth to which 


hich ga 
twelve months' growth the plants are fit, for thinning out and 
transplanting. 
attle are not allowed to graze on the ary until the roots 
P 


ewt. covers one acre. The most favourable time for plants is 
from 1st May to end of July. us grass retains its vitality, and 
strikes root after being out of its sand-bed for three months or 
more. enema Leader, 2nd IDétéitibet, 189; 

Marra m grass commences to flower in November "with us. It 
flowers in July in England. 

The following account of the attempts to acclimatise the grass 
at the Cape are instructive :— 

8 a specimen plant, Ammophila was introduced some years 
ago into the Botanic Gardens , Cape Town, by Professor MacOwan, 
and seed obtained from Lincolnshire, Englan nd, was Posh on the 
D'Urban Road sands by Mr. Lis The grass is said to have 
grown well. It was naturally killed by the P Po rt Werde wattles 
sown with it, and it —— grim abandoned as a temporary 
stay in favour of the na grass 

Ai Eerste River ribns "56 ibs. of seed obtained from Vilmorin 
& Co., Paris, were sown in situ in 3. The seed vii imn 
only at the foot of the sandhill experimented upon, and from 
small patch, not much larger than a good-sized dining-table, 
650 bundles of thinnings were taken. ad have been trans- 


planted on one-sixth of an acre of sand, in rows 6 feet by 2 feet 
apart, in accordance with the en described below. Other 
two-year-old plants will enlarge the Marram Nursery to about 


half an acre, and one-year-old plants have aoi A tea thinned. 
The larger plants removed were fully 4 feet high, and thus, 
with the advantage of Cape Town refuse manure, have atiained 
14359 A2 


214 


in two years, from seed, a growth equal to three-year-old trans- 
plants at Port Fairy. That Marram grass is not readily raised 
from seed appears to be shown in the demand made upon the 
Victorian plant supplies by other Australian colonies, Africa, and 


ia; but once germinated it seems t Z e 
actual yearly increase is not stated in the Port Fairy report. From 
the prolific gr f the limited number of plants at the Eerste 


iver, it is probable that, favourable situations, and with 
manure, it will quadruple itself annually. 

- Ina few years thinnings should be available for distribution. 
To avoid heavy transport charges on large quantities of plants, 
probably the best plan would be to form a small nucleus planta- 
ion of one or two acres at a sheltered spot near the sands to be 
reclaimed. If such a plantation of 2 acres in one year doubled 
itself only, in six years sufficient plants would have been produced 
to reclaim 128 acres of sand. The probability is, however, that 

e increase would be more rapid. 


1 ndary, 
protected, whereas an inland sand might require fencing on three 
or more sides. : - S 


| , a total cost of £4 5s. per acre is 
Eg at, and on 320 acres would cost £1,360 to protect and 
plant. ERE 


If a plough were used for drawing a planting furrow, and 
closing it again, the cost might be considerably reduced —(Jowrnal, 
Department of Agriculture, Cape Town, 26th July, 1894). 

This grass has been extensively planted by the New South 
Wales Department of Agriculture at the gand-drift at Newcastle, 
in conjunction with the Maritime Pine (Pinus maritima), and the 
vexed question of how to deal with this drift, which, in times 
gone by, has been such a source of expense and anxiety, appears 
to in ir way for settlement. The grass is flourishing 
splendidly, the area under the grass is increasing year by year, 


is an extract from a letter received from a correspondent supplied 
by the department, with specimens of the grass for experimental 
urposes :— 
“I beg to report on the success of the experiment to grow 
Marram grass at Shell Beach, Middle Harbour, where the rootlets 


T — 


215 


you kindly obtained for me some months back have been growing 
splendidly, and already throwing out shoots 3 to 4 feet away 
from the main stems. y frie who planted the roots 
AREF that he put in a handful of manure with each root, which, 
o doubt, assisted the quick growth of the c which i is now 
iiid 2 feet in height, and of a deep green colou 
* Some rootlets that I planted at the same UA as the above at 
Edward's E Middle Harbour, have unfortunately been eaten 
down by ca 
El neg nues advise your department to plant the Marram 
rass along the Spit Road beach, Middle Harbour, where, if 
fir ea 


the Spi 

The department will be glad to supply ene quantities 
of the grass to persons willing to plant it in suitable localities. 
There is no doubt it is far more efficient as a ae stay than the 
native Spinifex hirsutus. 

Ina tis upon the grazing capabilities of the grass furnished 
to Baron von Mueller, by Mr. Avery, from Port Fairy 
(N oviatiber 18th, 1893), he states :— 

“T generally put the cattle into the Marram grass oe 


after the first rains we get in April, and then allow them to graze 
there until the season begins to e too dry, when they are o taken 
ut and kept off til ext seas -to keep 


av 
of cattle grazing on about 100 acres of Marram grass for six 
months, and the cattle kept in fair condition during that 
time. There seems to be some doubt in the minds of a great 
many persons who have heard about Marram grass that it is of no 
value as a fodder, but I can assure you that the cattle at Port 


S 
is] 
~ 
|". 
(as) 
O 
eB 
ct > 
® 
"1 
wo 
=] 
a 
l Eu 
oo 
T 
3 
= 
LI 
Lj 
mM 
$= 
me 
e 
B 
c 
Qu 
mR 
"EB 
ecc 


E 

Marram grass at Ed ward's Bay, Middle Harbour, but reported tha 
they were eaten down by cattle. Baron von Mueller Select 
Extra-tropical Plants, 1888. edition) saysi— —“ Like Elymus 
pomar not touched by grazing animals.” Dr. George Vasey 
ga “This 8 grass has no agricultural value." At Cape Cod 
Harbour the grass does not appear to be used for grazing parpabek 
These statements may be reconciled as follows :—When fully 
grown, the Marram grass is notoriously a strong fibrous diee 

beyond the power of cattle to digest, even if they are able 
masticate it, but the young growth (and even larger growth if a 
season be moist and favourable), can be eaten by cattle, hence the 
protection a Marram grass — requires at this most critical 
period of its existence. It matter of common knowledge that 
any of our “ee Siok as ther grasses are browsed upon 
== cattle, whiłe young and fairly succulent, but, on account of 
their harsh and kir nature, they are absolutely ‘uneatable when 
fully grown, The use of Marram grass must always, therefore, 


216 


be very subordinate from the point of view of pasture. Its value 
is that of a coast sand binder. 

At the same time the question of keeping cattle away from 
newly-farmed Marram grass plantations must never be lost sight 
of. fodder in such situations is harsh and sparse, and stray cattle 
will readily bite at the comparatively tender Marram plants just 
coming into growth, and perhaps exterminate a plantation unless 

hecked. 


I have since received the following letter from Mr. S. Avery, of 
Warrnambool, Victoria, which shows that the grass is a really 
valuable fodder grass :-—* The Marram grass is edible during the 
whole of the year, and cattle will eat it at any time, but while 
there is plenty of rye grass and clover on the flats during the 
spring, the cattle prefer rye grass and clover to the Marram grass, 
but as soon as the grass begins to get scarce on the flats, the cattle 
then take to the sand-hills and feed on Marram grass during the 
winter months, and thrive well on it. Before the M 


A native of the shores of Europe and North Africa, Dr. George 
Vasey states that it grows on sandy beaches of the Atlantic, at 


Another possible use for Marram grass is suggested in the 
following letter, received at Kew, from Mr. R. W. Adlam :— 


Joubert Park, Johannesburg, 
August 23, 1894. 
SIR, 

I beg to return you my best thanks for the seeds received 
in two bags, as noted in yours of July 26. The Ammophila seed 
is very acceptable, as I wish to experiment with it to find if it will 

ow on, and bind together, the sand, or tailings heaps, which are 
accumulating so fast along the Main reef, and around this town. 
Our gold output is now five tons per month, and to obtain this a 
vast number of tons of rock have to be crushed. 

The crushed gold-beating quartz—or rather sandstone, is first 
treated with mercury, and thereafter with cyanide of potassium, 
to obtain every particle of gold. 

The cyanide remains in the tailings heaps, and, of course, is 
strongly poisonous. Blown about by the strong winds here, the 
sands cause serious eye complaints, and illness. 


917 


The piat is, will any vegetation grow on such poison 
mountains—for so the tailings heaps may well be called. 
I shall value yous opinion on this serious subject. 


I am, etc., 
(Signed) R. W. ADLAM. 


The Director, 
Royal Gardens, Kew. 


DLXV.—AGRICULTURAL DEPRESSION. 


It i common fallacy to suppose that the state of things 
but spoken of as “agricultural depression” is peculiar to 
this country. It isa universal phenomenon of which the stress 
experienced in the United Kingdom is only a particular phase. 
It extends to cultural industries in every part of the world, 
though, from local causes, it is felt in some places more severely 


than in others. Nor is there any reason to suppose that it will 
diminish or be alleviated by palliative expedients. The causes 
are too deep-seated and permanent to be regarded as temporary. 


regar 
Mankind will, in fact, have more and more to reconcile itself to a 
new order of industrial conditions. iei process will, no doubt, 
entail much individual loss and suffering. But this is inevitable, 
and is the accompaniment of all great changes. The problem 
i el 


The funda 
levelling influence on prices of modern facilities of transport. 
This includes a aide range of €—— all conducing to the 
same end, and, in the long run, producing the same result. Such 
are :—the extension of railwa ways, the oUBdbrét on of inter-oceanie 
canals, the use of x: for ship- -building, and the Application of 
steam to navigatio: 

How these erm ‘act i is well illustrated by the following extract 
from the American Garden and Forest of September last 
(p. 391) :— 

^ Since 1890 the wheat production of the country (United 
States) has been more than twice as great as it was in 1 and 
there is no doubt that these large crops, wided to the stili of 
bushels which are exported from India and the Argentine pipe: 
have supplied the world with ptum heat than it can eat, or, at 
least, more than it is willing to pay for, and to this it sae "be 
added that Russia, Hungary and Spain have multiplied their 
production still more rapidly, while Australia threatens to put 
rnillions of bushels upon the markets ac the northern hemisphere. 
But this is only one factor in a great change which has been 
going on all over the world during the last half of the century. 
In agriculture as well as in manufactures, science with inventions, 
which come from increased knowledge, have 80 cheapened pro- 
duction of every sort that the world we live in is quite a different 


Machinery has so multiplied the power of a single man to 
cultivate and harvest and transport crops that a bushel of wheat 

can be and turned into flour in the distant west 
y dé oa n/n tag De ME diu Jum Qu a al 


- 218 


wheat-fields > ne New J ges or Pennsylvania, and it costs 
actually less to put Hour into the New York market from 
Minnesota un it cost our fathers to carry it fifty miles. With 
sulky-plows and horse-cultivators, with cheap fertilizers and a 
knowledge of how s apply em , the market-gardeners and truck- 


farmers of Virginia and outhern New Jersey, by the aid of 
rapid transit, can sell ro pain at a profit in this Ec for 
less money than they could have afforded to sell them on their 


farms a few years ago. It is owing to this eed iratis portation 
that the fruit growers of the east are compelled to compete wi ith 


d d 
from California. When early apples from Canada come into 
Wee ane with late winter apples from Australia in the English 


market, and perishable fruits like plums and peaches, raised in 
California, are sold in Liverpool, it is evident that the element 
of distance between the roducer and the consumer of agri- 


-cultural products is VHiMübally annihilated." 


When as annihilation has been effected it is simply, in a great 
number of cases, a question whether the producer of any given 
commodity can face the competition of the world. If he can't, 
nothing will save him, and he must, before his capital is 
exhausted, devote his attention to some other i industry. 

Cultural industries will be limited then, in the long run, by the 


i and 
the next, by the local cost of labour. The cultivation of the v 
Smh in England, not because, as is often supposed, the -CSpA 

ecame unfavourable, but because the produce of the ill-matured 
English grape could not hold its own in competition with that of 
France, when that became procurable. On the other hand, as 
already pointed out at some length in these pages (Kew Bulletin, 
1895, pp. 307-315), ME although they can be readily 
grown in this country, are largely imported from abroad, because 
the cost of production (and perhaps of transport) is cheaper. 
The ee of Egypt has crippled the growth of onions in 
Bedfordshire 

In a few ca ses, but it is unlikely that they will ever be very 
numerous, the progress of discovery has superseded some staples 
altogether. 

e manufacture of a gave the death blow to the 
cultivation of madder. But synthetic chemistry has its limits, 
and it is improbable that mankind will ever be wholly satisfied 
with artificial substitutes for wine or for tea and coffee. Yet 
cheaper and retical d inferior products will often press heavily on 
dearer and better ones. menn oil is daily taking the place 
of that expressed from the oliv But economy is a more exacting 
factor in boasaniptioik than the gratification of a cultivated 

te. 


P 


DLXVIL—FAT HEN IN AUSTRALIA. 
(Chenopodium album, L.) 
'The plant referred to in the following communication turns 


out to be a familiar British plant. It is very commonly met with 
in Europe and temperate Asia as a weed of cultivation, probably 


“219 


having its original home A the latter part of the world, It has 
ene to many climes. Bentham (Flora of Austr — vol. 5, p. 160) 

remarks :—** Whether it va really indigenous or introduc ed only 
into Australia is uncertain. In N. S. Wales and Queensland i it is 
said to be known under the name of Fat Hen. 


Kiel Villa, Nelson Street, Sans Souci, 
N.S. Wales, May 12th, 1897. 
DEAR oe 
I SEND herewith a small packet containing a few seeds of a 
native vegetable—though only xr generally as a weed. The 
vulgar name it has is ** Fat Hen "—poultry are fond of it din 
young, but those who use it as an n article of diet call it * Australian 


unable to obtain vegetables, and in o n, also of others, 
think it superior to spinach, as it do p ao taste earthy and does 
not waste so much in boiling. It is everywhere a hardy plant 


growing freely at sea-level and on the ‘high table lands of this 
colon Any soil suits it, but it revels in a sandy loam, and does 
well with a fair share of moisture ; the more rapidly it grows the 
more succulent and tender it is. Sow about the middle of May ; 
——— as cabbage, and when a foot to fifteen inches high take 
about 6 or 8 inches off the top, the portion left will throw out 
iaat lateral shoots right up to early winter ; if left without 
topping will reach Ah Bis high. The shoots become stringy if 
not taken away w ing. 
Hoping I have Mos dox something new and that it may be of 
use, or the means of introducing a fresh plant for food. 
I am, dear Sir 
Yours faithfully. 
A, R. FREMLIN. 
W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, Esq., 
Royal Gardens, Kew. 


BREL UA da ora FOR STREET 


e use of Jarrah timber oeei armi marginata) and Karri 
(Eucalyptus diversicolor) for arriage-ways in London, 
e Kew Bullatin 890, p. 188; 1893, P E 

Since that time the use of these hard timbers, iustead 
woods, like yellow deal, has been extende In thë epot d a 
Special Committee of the Paddington Vestry, appointed to 
consider the subject of wood paving in that important parish, the 

following recommendations have been made :— 
28th May, 1896. 
Edd ^ = Special Committee appointed to rat the 
of Wood Paving in the Parish of Padd 

Your io m. have taken in hand the thorough mrad wien 
of the above-mentioned subject, having held four meetings, and 
considered carefu salty the evidence ne fo forward. Your Com- 
mittee are unanimously agreed as to the imperative importance of 


220 


hard wood for qoem cene sane and they entirely endorse the 
words of the Sur of Lambeth (J. P. Norrington, C.E.), 
“that it is a wic io = v" of public money to pave a line 
of heavy traffic with soft wood.” 

Your Committee having bi sections of roadway paved with 
Jarrah, Karri, and other hard woods, subjected to most severe 
traffic, consider that the length of life of these woods has not 
been over-estimated, and that fifteen years is within the limits of 
trustworthy probability. Your Committee entertain very decided 
views as to the sanitary ol ses of the Eucalyptus woods and 
their non-absorbent qua : 

As to the first cost of hard wood, they have had clear evidence 
that its great durability will not only cover the additional 
expense, but will realize an actual saving in the course of years, 
as well as make the necessity for renewals far more exceptional 
than wm be possibly attained by the best treatment of the soft 
wood 

Your Committee have formed a strong opinion of the EY 
of repaving Praed Street with hard wood, and that it should 
so paved throughout its entire length as a whole. They ilio 
think it would be preferable to keep. such thoroughfare in repair 
for another year rather than rush the DA Md thereof with soft 
wood, the material last used, according to the ADM AU Report, 
having been down only for four and a half y 

The cost of maintenance of a deal wood pent varies from year 


F 3, 
was £1 3s. 6d., in 1895 £10 13s., and in 1896 £73 19s. 8d., and to 
"Ir E such thoroughfare for another year will probably cost 


Your Committee consider the proposed experiment i 
Southwick Street as perfectly unnecessary in the face of the 
evidences afforded by the parishes kp cree They also a my 
change of road surface material o ermanent concrete bed t 
be a new work, and not in my ibis a meee: and saudedtientty 
such undertakings may be met by loans if necessary. 

Your r Committee consider that the cost of renewing the existing 


a rag 
£7,000 per annum, but should hard ina be adopted "they 
anticipate effecting a yearly saving of £2,000 

Under these circumstances your Committee unanimously 
recommend the use of e bros: blocks oe not less than 
four inches in depth, for paving purposes in all suitable 
thoroughfares in the Parish, aah blocks to m Ee jointed with 
ereosote and pitch, and they further recommend that - proposal 
io pave Praed Street with yellow deal be reconsidere 

S. J. MACKIE Chairman). 


The following note headed * Wood Paving at the West End " 
appeared in the Daily News for the 17th August 1897 :— 

“The Vestry of Paddington have borrowed £13,000 from the 
London ien Council for the purpose of extending wood pave- 
ments in the parish. Already about eight miles " — streets of 
Paddington are paved with ond: but mostly soft wood. For 


221 


IS of durability, cleanliness, and sanitation, the Vestry have 

w abandoned the use of soft deal in favour of hard wood, and 
ese accepted a tender for the supply of 850, ood: West Australian 
hard wood blocks at £10 17s, 6d. per 1,000 bloc 


DLXVIIL—GRAFTING SUGAR CANE. 


he following article, which appeared in the Hawaiian 
Planters’ Monthly (March, 1897, p. 101), has been communicated 
by the Editor (Mr. H. M. Whitney), who describes an experiment 
undertaken "by himself about 20" years ago, which is believed to 
e resulted in producing a “hybrid” cane now largely grown 

n the Hawaii Islands. 

The hybrid is understood to have been produced Ur grafting 
buds of the well known rich Laha ina cane on the stems of a 
hardy native cane called the * Kouala.” "The hybrid is said to be 
generally known as “Ko Wini " or * Whitney Cane,” also as the 
* Yellow Bamboo." 

The pat of producing a graft-hybrid in the sugar cane 
has bee ood deal discussed, but few people, without careful 
niin. oni be prepared at once to admit that such a cane has 
actually been produce d. Mr.Whitney's account, which is circum- 
stantial enough in its details, is reprinted in ihe Kew Bulletin, 
but it is hardly necessary to add that this does not involve an 
endorsement of his belief that in this instance a hybrid cane was 
actually produced. 


GRAFTING OF SUGAR CANES. 


“The question of producing hybrid canes by grafting or 
buddi being discussed, as though it had not bee 
conclusively settled already, M actual results ai in Braz il 
and Hawaii. T. correspondent in the Manchester Sugar Cane of 
November last (page 577) quotes an old letter written by the late 
Charles anh PAS to the hybrid canes produced in Brazil 
some forty years ago, in which Mr. Darwin doubted the correctness 
of the facts published. 

* We have now in our possession a copy of the original official 
report of the Agricultural Department of Brazil translated by 

rM. Nathan, of New Orleans, and published in the N. O. 
Pion iiti in 1877. The statements made in this report appear to 
conclusively cp a hybrid was obtained by the process of 
arra or *apposition' of two halves of different varieties— 
the Cayenne and ‘Molle, from which "the St. Julian cane was 
obtaine 

* A late number of the Queensland Sugar vite refers to a 
successful experiment in that Colony by the same process of 
*apposition. ' It is possible that new varieties por be obtained 
in this way, provided that spe care is taken to have the 
surface of the two halves perfectly smooth so as to fit each other 
closely, and care be also taken s yrs the juice and meat of 


222 


the canes from souring, by carefully waxing and covering the 
exposed parts of the splice. But it would seem to us that the 
character of the offspring would: Her be that of the half on 
which the bud or seed was located. We hope that the results 
obtained in Queensland will be fully reported later 

* Now, as regards hybrid canes in Savaii, We have at least 
one genuine hybrid cane, which originated in Kau, Hawaii, in 
1877-78. The editor of the Planters’ “Monthlh erem writer of rms 

icle—was then engaged in cane planting at Keaiwa, Kau, n 
where the Pahala sugar mill is prey his bad. Ty tiom 
one to two thousand feet above sea level. The Lahaina variety, 
which isa rich, juicy, and prolific cane, while it is unsurpassed 
for lowland cultivation, is not at all adapted to the highlands on 
either of our islands, as it is extremely sensitive to cold, and 
becomes short-jointed ia stunted. It wa ihoretos desirable to 
find a cane which would thrive on the hichlands and yield the 
rich juice of the-Lahaina.. Among the varieties of native canes 
growing in Kau was a favourite one, called by the natives 
4 i nep: (or potato cane), from the close resemblance of its meat 

that of sweet potato. This variety seemed to thrive well at an 
samp of 2000 to 3000 feet, where stalks of it were found 
growing twelve to fifteen feet in length, and of large girth. It was 
cultivated around the huts of the native mountaineers, and was 
one of their favourite foods. 

* It occurred to the writer that if a hybrid could by any eee 
be produced, combining the rich juices of the Lahaina with t 
prolifie growth and aps of the Kouala, it would render cane 
planting more profitable on the elevated. land where he was 
located, and even allow lie cultivation of cane to be extended to 
the rich plateaus -— higher up. With this object in view, a 


> 
young plants a vigorous and healthy start. When these young 
canes were sufficiently advanced to allow it, ee and budding 
in various modes were commenced and carried on for iva 
onths, in the same manner as that practioed with apple and 
other fruit trees in New York State, where the writer spent his 
younger years on a fruit farm and became familiar with the 
process. The grafting was done with a V incision on the topped 
growing stalk, great care being taken to have the graft fit into the 
incision as perfectly as a cabinet maker would insert a piece when 
mending furniture. Not only must it fit in shape exactly, but 
the eye or seed and the root germs of the graft meson retain the 
same place in the stalk as the section had, that was cut out. 
The same care was observed in the budding opera estia s—to have 
the inserted section fit exactly that of the bud and on Pea taken 
out. Some of these graft stalks were left growing in the hills, 
care being taken to oak out all the eyes or seeds below the graft, 
and to destroy all other stalks in each hill. The same precaution 
;was taken in the budding operation. In each eer graft wax and 
bandages were used, as is customary with tree grafting. Some of 
these grafted and budded stalks were planted in pom soil as canes 
are usually planted. 


223: 


* As was expected, many of these grafts and buds died without 
showing any signs of vitality, while of the thirty or forty experi- 
ments made, some ten or twelve sprouted, throwing out two or 
more leaves from each bud. But one yis another, they eges 
and died , leaving a single plant, which ni the start seemed to. 
give good eld and rapidly repai into a healthy hill. This 
nursery was located in the- Sine of what became a- hundred acre 
field of Lahaina edi and when the young plants had grown so as 
to cover the ground, this sole survivor of the nursery began to 
attract notice on account of its desk and straight leaves. As time 
went on, it became so conspicuo 8 that passers- 6 would stop and 
enquire the cause of this unusual & ight. Its wth was quite 


it, it stood like a sentinel alone in the middle of the field, It 
finally ripened into a hill of forty tio stalks, not one of which 
was less than eight feet, and from that to ten feet in length, and 
of large girth. 

*'The late Charles N. Spencer, then manager of the Hilea 
plantation, a few miles distant, was greatly interested in this new 
prodigy, and obtained a portion of the stalks, which were planted 
on the higher lands of that plantation, where, in the course of two 
or three yearg,'he had a field of two hundred acres of it growing 
at an elevation of 1800 feet. From six hills of his first planting, 
he cut 226 stalks for seed, some of the stalks being twelve feet in 
length. He beoe d the best upland cane he had,and named 
it ‘Ko Wini’ ‘Whitney Cane.’ In Hamakua it has been 
called the ‘ Yellow NA but this is identically the same vine 
as the hybrid originated by the writer. It has been planted on 
lands in various districts of Hawaii, but it has nowhere dani s 
well as in its native soil and climate of Kau. But for the object 
intended—a profitable upland cane—it has proved a boon to Kau, 
its birth place and home. 


* Since the above was written, we have been informed by the 
local officers of the Pahala Plantation (Hawaiian Agricultural Co.), 
that they have been so well pleased with this hybrid cane, that 
they prefer it to other kinds. "The value that they place on it may 
be inferred from the sept made by the Fine that of the 


have 2854 acres of Whitney cane, 512 acres of tune and 654 of 
Rose Bamboo. And the outcome of sugar has been raised from 
4000 tons of former years to 8000 tons as their last crop, and 


planted on land above the famous land-slide or * mudflow 
of 1868, at an elevation of about 2200 feet. This field is a most 
remarkable one, showing some of the finest cane ever seen in the 
district. "These results are certainly very gratifying to the 
Mise of this hybrid cane, and creditable to the intelligent 
nagement of the esiate, which has utilized the valuable dis- 
co UNE. so as to make Pahala plantation one of the best sugar 
properties in this group." 


224 


DLXIX.—GRAMA GRASS. 
(Bouteloua oligostachya, Torr.) 


The following correspondence relates to a proposal to introduce 
the North American “Grama grass” as a fodder-plant into India. 


INDIA OFFICE to ROYAL GARDENS, KEW. 


India Office, Whitehall, S.W., 
SIR, ugust 7, 1897. 
I am directed by the Secretary of State for India to forward 
a copy of a Memo. regarding * Grama grass," and to ask you to 
favour him with your rema arks on a suggestion that has been made 
by a Scotch settler in Mexico that this fodder should be tried in 
India 


am, &c. 
(Signed) C. E. BERNARD, 
Secretary, Revenue and Statistics Department. 
The Director, 
Kew Gardens. 


MEMORANDUM by Professor Wallace. 


Grama grass intera ona which is so valuable as 
a pasture grass in Mexico, Tex other adjoining states, is 


of soil, and climate, but it has remarkable power of maintaining 
its existence in arid seimas subject to re periods of drought. 
If it could be shown that the soil and climate of India are uit 
pot to Ši fece this could be ke at little expense at one of the 

experi tal stations, such as at Poona), it would form a very 
imn. sdditon to the fo dder grasses of the coun try. It is just 
possible, however, that if it were once established in arable land, 
it might become a troublesome weed to the seul owing to 
the power its roots have of keeping possession of the s 


Royal Gardens, Kew 
August 12, 1897. 


the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your mias 
R & s. 3912 of August 7 relating to the introduction of Gram 
grass into India 
2. 1 “ad consulted upon the subject with H.H. Rusby, Esq.,M.D., 
Professor of Botany and Materia Medica in the College of Pharmacy 
of the City of New York, a well-known American botanist, who is 


I also en 
Du e “sl = Agricultural Grasses and Forage Plants of the 
it 

3. There ped be no doubt that Grama grass as it occurs under 
natural conditions affords pasture of great value. How far these 
could be imitated artificially in India is another matter, and one 
I confess, which does not appear to me likely to be attended with 
much success 


225 


4. If the experiment is considered worth the attempt seed could 
no doubt be easily obtained from the United States Department of 
Agriculture. 

I am, &e., 
W. T. THISELTON-DYER. 
Sir Chas. Les Gig m ESL, 
India Pio Whitehall, 


Kew, August 10, 1897. 
DEAR 
I am vicos to state the E in reply to your enquiry 
concerning the value of Grama grass for introduction to India 
There are quite a number of species of wah eite to which this 
term has been applied, and several of them are Pec pner by 
special prefixes, as Black Grama, White Ciraiftn a, Sand Grama, etc. 


others posses d er adaptation. He me o 
them have remained little known, while ers have acquired 
a high repute as pasture and hay s. The best known are 


B, oligostachya, B. polystachya, B. racemosa, and B. curtipendula. 
All are more or less noted for the avidity with which stock will 


in the stall. It isa peculiar property of these grasses to retain 
their a Re after drying standing, and after 
remaining for many weeks in this re Bae Be sed to the 
weather, a ean which reduces ordinary grasses to the worth- 
less condition of straws. Another notable property i is their ability, 
especially B. oligostach ya, to subsist in arid regions, where long- 
continued rainless periods destroy ordinary grasses. I have 

observed the following peculiarity of growth which dorbis 
accounts in some degree for this property. A single plant is seen 
to extend its growth in two opposite directions, forming a little 
ridge. These directions gradually change so that the ridge 
assumes a roughly circular form, enclosing a shallow basin which 
must do something to conserve eer rain-falls. A third important 


They are 
thus better adapted than ‘many grasses to grow in hose countries 
where sods or turfs will not form 

12 trial of these grasses in India is to be s trongly recom- 
ended. It is further to be recommended that a preliminary 
study should be made of the conditions of the locality where 
each is to be tried, so that failure may not result E desi 


the several species in unsuitable locations. The k Gram 
particularly adapted to rocky plac “a especia a pieni si ide 
and the slopes of valleys. The White Grama (B. Migostach 1 
is most luxuriant in the rich loam of bottom s. It doe 


well, however, as does B. curtipendula, on desert vine with 
garir or partly gravelly soil. B. polystachya is a much lower 

n the others, but makes a very — grow aias does 
ME well on sands of river-bottoms are annually 
overflowed. It is the most valuable a wider of "cA all. 


It is remarkable for the Shs beeps with which it is restored by 
growth as it is continually eaten off. Indeed, all the species are 
remarkable for the qutbus with which they grow and mature 
upon the occurrence of rain 
My experience with these grasses as weeds in cultivated lands 
is slight, but it would tend to ee that it is not their nature . 
to act as weeds, or to persist in tilled la 
Very rospoot ally yours, 
(Signed): H. H. RUSBY. 
The Director, 
-Royal Gardens, Kew. 


EXTRACT from Vasey, Grasses of United States, Ed. 2, p. 57. 


Bouteloua okgastaen ya at grass ; Mesquite grass) is the 


mere gical Te cies on the great plains. It is frequently called 
although that ano Strictly belongs to leere Dune 
(Buses dactyloides). On the arid plains of the s the 


principal grass and is the main reliance for the vast herds ‘of pun 

which are raised there. It grows chiefly in small, roundish patches 

closely pressed to the ground, the foliage being in a dense, cushion- 

like mass. The leaves are short and crowded at the oad 3 the short 
Th st 


stems, e flowering stalks seldom rise over a foot in height, 
und bear near the top one or two flower see Ti pen an 
inch long, and from one-eighth to one-quarter of an inch wide, 


standing at right angles like a small flag floating in the breeze. 

Where — grazing prevails, however, these flowering stalks 
are eaten down so much that only the mats of leaves are 
e ale In bottom-lands and low, moist ground it grows 
more closely, and under favourable circumstances forms a pretty 
close 80d, but even then itis not adapted for mowing, although it 
is sometimes cut, making a very light erop. Under the most 
favourable cireumstances the product of this grass is small, 

compared with cultivated grasses. It is page etree highly 
nutritious. Stock of all kinds are fond of it, and eat it in 
preference to any grass growing with it. It "ane s and cures on 
the ground so as to retain its nutritive picperios in the winter. 
No attempt is made by stockmen to feed cattle in the winter ; 
they are expected to “rustle around,” as the phrase is, and find 
their living ; and in ordinary winters, as the fall of snow is light, 

they are enabled to subsist and make a pretty good appearance in 
the spring ; bnt in severe winters there are losses of cattle, some- 
times very heavy ones, from want of feed. 


DLXX.—FLORA CAPENSIS. 


The third and dere part of the sixth volume of the work 
was issued in 

The taliowing. pi are given from the preface :— 

The third volume of the Flora Capensis was published in 1865. 
The following year Professor Harvey, who had been its principal 
author and guiding spirit, died. ‘Although in the preface 
fourth volume is referred to as “shortly to be in preparatio: 


227 
for the press," practically nothing availa relating to it was 
found amongst Professor Harvey’s papers. Nor did his coadjutor, 
Dr. Sonder, who died in 1881, des eut any further part in the 
wor 

Its. continuation was urged upon Kew by Sir Henry Barkly, 
G.C.M » who was Governor of the Cape of Good 


the colonies committ ed to his charge. Sir ED er, at t 
time Director of the Royal Gardens, entrusted th e task of 
continuing the wor and l 


yself NUM left me little time for the task. It became 


numerous workers, Another difficulty was the rapid expansion 
of British South Africa. This led to a continuous influx to Kew 
of new material, which had to be determined and made available 
for future working up in the Flora. It was soon obvious that it 
would be necessary to largely extend the area comprised by the 
published volumes, and it was ultimately determined to do cua 
still further so as to include, as far as possible, all known floweri 
plants occurring in the area between the Tropic of Capricorn and 
the Oc the north, the present and future volumes will 
therefore be demus by the Flora of Tropical Africa 

During the last twenty years the time of one member of the 

ew st : : 


have been named and catalogu ued for South African botanists 
and collectors, A05 à coy ie d MH have been figured aud 
deseribed. 'T abours were a necessary preparation for the 
continuation of the Flora on its aes cale. 

reasons of convenience it has posl found advisable to 
publish the present volume in anticipation of the fourth an 
fifth, which are also in preparation, and to which it is hoped that 
Mr. Bolus, the well-known South African botanist, who has | paid 


ordinary interest to horticulturists as well as to botanists, as it 
includes the whole of the plants known familiarly as “ Cape 
Bulbs.' 

The volume has been in quenaedas for several years, but its 
publication has been from time to time delayed by the desire to 
include in it the novelties which have been continually received 
and published as new territories have been explore 

Even while passing through the press sufficient hav 'eaccumulated 
to render an appendix necessary. The whole has been Spore 
by Mr. John Gilbert Baker, F.R.S., the Keeper of the Herbari 
and Library of the Royal Gardens, who has long been the UM 
authority on the Petalo a Monocotyledons. I must add my 
obligations to Mr. C. H. Wright, Assistant in the Herbarium, who 
has greatly helped me in reading the pro 

The distribution of the loca sent eu the different regions 
has been a laborious and intricate task. It will afford a basis for 
at any rate a partial analysis of Il Flora of South Africa, which. 


14359 B 


. 228 


^will no doubt bring into prominence important faets as to its 
geopraphical n It has been accomplished with much 
care and patience by . E. Brown, A.L.S., Assistant in the 
Herbarium of the iore Gardens. And finally it has been 
subjected to the invaluable revision of Mr. H. Bolus. 

The orthography adopted for the local names has met with 
some criticism from South African botanists. It has been 
oe poop however, to adhere to the standard, no doubt 

great asure conventional, of authoritative maps. Those 
which have be relied upon principally are : 

Cape of Good Hope. By J. pieci amt 1834. (Useful for old 
names of localities.) 

. A Map of the reed of "s Cape of Good Hope and neighbouring 
Territories. 876. 

Map of the ecol ad the surrounding Territories. By 
F. Joppa, 1880. 

Spezial-Karte von Afrika. Gotha: Justus Perthes, 1885 

It only remains to follow the example of my predecessor 
give some account of those among a great body of ear ai p 

who wis supplied Kew with the most important recent 
collectio 

Two niu will be for ever memorable in the history of South 
African Botany 

- More than thirty years have rolled away since Professor Harvey 
bore eloquent testimony to the indefatigable services of Peter 


his enthusiasm for the beautiful Flora amidst which he has spent 
the best years of his life, nor his energy in investigating it. 
Without his self-sacrificing aid the present — would 
have been miserably incomplete. By a correspondence which 
has never intermitted, he has done all in his power to keep Kew 
abreast of the progress of botancial discovery in South Africa. 


his enthusiasm to others, and has thus secured the investigation 
of many parts of the area of the Flora which might otherwise 
have remained all but unknown. 

To Harry Bolus, Esq., F.L.S., the gratitude of Kew is no less 
due for aid and en ncouragement of the most varied kind. His 
admirable researches into the difficult problem of the geographical 
distribution of South African plants, and his patience and accurate 
investigation of the Orchidee and other groups, will, it may be 

always ensure his close personal association with the 
present work. Mr. Bolus has further contributed to Kew many 
hundreds of specimens—a large proportion of which were new to 
seience, and many of great interest and rarity 

At the risk of seeming to make an invidious choice amongst a 
formidable list of Kew contributors, I cannot but further single 
out the following for particular acknowledgement :— 

Sir Henry Barkly, G.C.M.G., K.C.B., F.R.S., was indefatigable 
while Governor of Cape Colony in procuring. for Kew inany of the 
rarer and more remarkable of South African plants. e paid 
especial attention to those of a succulent habit. Amongst many 
interesting introductions to European demie the remarkable 
tree-aloe (Aloe dichotoma) deserves especial mention, And it 


229 


was dueto his support that the approval and aid of the Legislatures 
-of Cape Colony and Natal was secured for the continuation of 
this XE 

John Medley Wood, Esq. A.L.S., the Curator of the beautiful 
Botanic Gardens at Berea, Durban, in the Colony of Natal, and the 
only institution of the kind in South Africa, has investigated t the 
Flora of Natal with conspicuous energy, and has done more than 
any other botanist to reveal its riches. Kew is indebted to him 
for large and invaluable collections. 

he Rev. Leopold Richard Baur has. sent to Kew a large and 
interesting SERE Ud gr Tembuland plants, chiefly from the 
neighbourhood of ; 

aurice S. Evan a Md: . of Durban, has furnished collections 
which, io ig not iaeia large, have proved very rich in 
new speci 

H. G. Phin. d has especially studied the rich local Flora 
of the Kei River Basin. Beaut tifully Stet specimens from 
him have reached Kew chiefly through Mr. 

Ernest E. Galpin, Esq., of Gaitisd vii has put collections rich 
in undescribed species from the Transvaal, Swaziland, and the 
Queenstown district 

Dr. Emi! Holub contributed the entire collection made by him 
during his travels in South Africa between the years 1872 
and 1879. 

William Nelson, Esq., of Johannesburg, has sent an extensive 
d of plants from the Transvaal and adjoining territory. 

v. William Moyle Bipot of Bournemouth, has contri- 
buted a het of plants po various parts of Cape Colony, 
containing several noveltie 

Mrs. Katharine darag has communicated from time to time 
interesting plants from Natal, Zululand, and the Lobombo 
Mountains. 

William Tyson, Esq., of Kokstad, Griqualand kg has sent a 
large and interesting collection of plants from the Eastern districts 
of Cape Colony, Griqualand East, and Pangoni E 
numerous new he ae: es. He is commemorated in the "Boragi neou 
genus, Tyson 

Tt y remains to add that the expense of preparation and 
publication of the present volume has Mes aided by grants from 
the Governments of Cape Colony and Nata 

WoR D. 

Kew, May, 1897. 


DLXXI—HANDLIST OF TENDER MONOCOTY- 
LEDONS. 


This further instalment of the detailed catalogues of the living 
collections in the Royal Gardens was issued in July. The 
following historical account is given in the preon of the history 
of the portion comprised in the present Handlist : 

The scope of the contents, which are somewhat heterogeneous, 
-is dictated in great measure by convenience. It includes large 

14359 B2 


230 


` groups of plants of great scientific interest, which, for various 


this reason it is hoped that it may be found not less useful than 
its predecessors. 

A few words may be said as to the history at Kew of the more 
important of the groups now catalogued, 


SCITAMINEJE, 


. An order eee gingers, pide pani, and musas. I 
numbers some 450 species, of which 240 are in cultivation at 
Kew. A dnd all are natives of pe tropics. About 40 species 
are given in 1813 in the second edition of Aiton’s Hortus 
Kewensis, and 139 by John Smith, Curator of the Royal Gardens, 
1841-63, in his privately printed Records of Kew (p. 222) as 
forming * the Kew collection between the years 1822 and 1864.” 
~ Musa Ensete, one of the most popular representatives of the 
family and a cons] enon ornament of the S us of Southern 


sent seeds from which plants ce raised, one o ' which was 
ultimately figured in the Botanical Magazine (tt. 5223, 524), 

Strelitzia Regine, a beautiful plant, which almost gena T 
preserves an unbroken descent at Kew, was named by Sir Joseph 
Banks in honour of Queen Charlotte, a daughter of the Take 
of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, but of which, with characteristic 
modesty, he allowed the elder Aiton to publish the description. 
Banks had sp it to the Royal Gardens in 1773 from the 
Cape of Good Ho 

Strelitzia Au dal was introduced in 1791 by Francis Masson, 
the botanical collector for the Royal Gardens, where it has been 
cultivated ever since, It may have been named in spine tient 
to the Princess Augusta, mother of George III. 

The collection is dispersed, according to the habits of the plants 
and the different treatment they require, between the Palm 
House, No. L, the Stove (No. IX.), and the Water Lily House 
(No. XV.). A few are represented in the Temperate House. 


BROMELIACE A. 


The order of which the pine-apple is a familiar representative ; 

c species are mostly epiphytal on trees and exclusively natives 

the New World. According to Aiton's Hortus Kewensis, 

16 species had been introduced at Kew previous to 1813. In 1864 

Smith -— (Records p. 206) that the number amounted to 
arly 1 


nearly 
I dir II. to the Kew Report for sue a list of species 
cultivated at that time was given, numbering 147. The voe 
of the collection was much increased by the pahia in 1 386 o 
a large selection from that formed by the late Professor aM 
Morren, of Liége, which was at the time probably the richest in 
existence. The number of species comprised in the present list 
amounts to 252. 
Mr. J. G. Baker, F.R.S., the present keeper of the Herbarium of 
the. e cya Gardens, based his invaluable Handbook of the 


231 


Bromeliacee (1889) in great measure on the Kew collection of 
living plants, supplemented by the unique collection of drawings 
also tmn ed by Professor Morren and acquired by the Bentham 
Trustees for the Kew Library. 

For many years sen collection of Bromeliacee was grown in the 
Palm House. The a mosphere was, however, too dry for their 
successful ili vatios. and in 1883 they were removed to the 
Stove (No. IX.) and Victoria House (No. X.) 


CAPE BULBS. 


The orders Hemodoracee, Iridee, Amaryllidew, and Liliacec, 
though widely dispersed, are represented in especial profusim in 
South Africa, and the species from that part of the world are 
ERE often spoken of in cultivation as * Cape Bu Ibs. 2 The 

ixth volume of the Flora Capensis is entirely devoted to their 
deho 

tthe instance of the Royal Society the practice was Sene 
in 1772 of ice out ere of plants to foreign countries 
from Kew. Francis Masson, in whose honour the genus Mdélonia 
was named, twice pret the Cipe of Good Hope for this purpose ; 
eus from 1774-6; ; and secondly, from 1786-95. He “collected and 

t home a profusion ou pla nts unknown till that time to the 
botante gardens in Europe.’ 

James see ie e (commemorated i in Bowiea) collected at the Cape for 

-23. EI 


Kew from e introduced amongst numerous other 
plants the wall-imown AS. via nobilis 

The method of growing Cape bu Ibs in this vector Ret red 
adopted M Kewis thus d described by Smith (Records, pp. 312, 313):— 


“The garden collection of bulbs were grown in glaze taie called 
the bulb borders, attached to the fronts of Tal Botany Bay, Cape, 
and Palm Houses, the length of the whole being 234 feet, width 
5 feet. They received heat from the flue that heated the house 
through openings left in the brickwork, end in severe winters they 
were protected by shutters. In these borders the principal of 
Masson’s and Bowie’s collections were well maintained for many 
years.” 


This system, which has been since reverted to partially, is 
admitted the best when the bulbs are planted out. But for the 

ulk of the collection it is more convenient.to grow them in pots. 
When at rest these are kept in a private house (No. XVII. ©.), 
from enm when in flower, they are removed to the Cape House 
(No. 

No boron statistics are available as to the number of 
species of tender bulbous plants aig: at REÍ ares at 
Kew. But the numbers enumerated in the present list are :— 
Hemodoracee, 28; Irideæ, 221; Swat gHdss, 488; tie 512; 
making a total of 1249, 


YuCCAS, ALOES, AND AGAVES. 


needle ”) ons to the order Liliacee Agave to ri lieu. 
In habit they have all many points of. resemblance uud mem the 
majority flourish under similar cultural conditions. Hence Agave, 
_ though it has no near botanical affinity with Joe, is Mer ealled 


232 


American, Of the group of Alaineæ nine species are Moss 
The ` 


m 
to South Africa in 1817-23, and a large number of species were 
introduced which were described by Haworth ; few of these have 
probably been lost since that time. The collection was largely 
enriched in 1889 by purchases from the celebrated collection of 
the late John T. Peacock, Esq., of Sudbury House, Hammersmith. 
A selection from his extensive collection of succulents had been 
temporarily exhibited in the South Octagon of the Temperate 
House from 1878-81 (Kew Report, 1818, p. 6). Appendix IT. of 
the Kew Report for 1880 gave a catalogue of the 4 loinece, Y uccoidee’ 
and Agaves cultivated in the Royal Gardens, including those in 
the Peacock collection. It enumerates 296 species. 

Those catalogued in the present Hand List amount to 377. 

One of the most interesting introductions of recent times is the 
great Natal Tree-Aloe (Aloe Bainesii), of which the first plant in 
European gardens was raised from a cutting sent to Kew in 1867 
by Mrs. Barber. It is figured in the Botanical Magazine (t. 6848). 


PALMS. : 


Palms form an order of plants which is conspicuously distinct 


from all others. Their salient characters are indeed familiar at a 
glance. The majority are natives of the Tropics, and therefore in 


Afri 
countries, and to these the gardens of Southern Europe owe much 
of their striking character and beauty. The Kew Bulletin for 1889 


The total number of species actually known to botanists is 
upwards of 1100, but many doubtless still remain to be 
described. 

In 1768 six species were enumerated in Hill’s Hortus Kewensis 


as in cultivation at Kew, In 1787 Aiton in his Hortus Kewensis 


238 


gives 10, and in 1813, in the second edition, 20. Smith states 
(Records, p. 96) that in 1830 the collection had increased to 

species and enumerates 141 species as cultivated in the 
Royal D from 1760-1864 (pp. 98-106). Appendix II. to 
the Kew Report for 1582 (pp. 53-73) contains a classified list 
of the Palms cultivated in fhe Royal Gardens; this includes 
370 species. 

The number catalogued in the present Hand List amounts to 
407. Of these 40 are represented in the Temperate House. Thi 
is probably the largest assemblage of species of the order to be 
found in any one place in the world. Itis doubtful whether it 
does not exceed that in the Botani Garden at Buitenzorg, i in Java, 
which in any case excels the Kew collection in the magnitude of 
individual species if it does not actually do so in the number 
ree 

n 1820, according to Smith (p. 96), the palms “occupied a 
E house called the Palm House which stood about 100 font 
ouse (No. 1I. 


was 60 feet long, 16 feet wide, and 15 feet high at the back." In 
1328, to accommodate the increasipg size of the specimens, “ the 
house was raised four feet.” 

He continues :—“ In 1830 ithe collection had increased to 40 
species, which necessitated placing some of them in other houses. 
During the latter years of the reign of George III. and George IV., 
anew Palm House was contemplated, and a plot of ground set 
apart for its erection ; but nothing was done until the accession 
of William IV., who took much interest in improving the Gardens. 
In 1834 a plan fora spacious Palm House was prepared by the 
celebrated architect, Sir Jeffrey Wyatville, and in October, 1834, a 

spot was selected and the length of the house marked out in the 
presence of the King.” 

he project was not, however, carried out, and it was not until 

the Royal Gardens became a public institution that it was accom 
plished. The present building was completed in 1848, from the 
designs of Decimus Burton, Esq. The length of the structure is 
362 feet ; its width in the centre 100 feet, and height 66 feet ; the 
wings are 50 feet wide and 30 feet high. 

The oldest renes in the house is Sabal blackburniana. Of 


these there were -n specimens, one of which was taken down 
for want of room in 1876. Smith gore Pp. 122 re > 
the following ical of them :— my entering Kew the 


on looking in I was struck with what I then considered a wonderful ' 
plant, a large-leaved Fan Palm ; and I found there was another of the 
same kind and size at the other end of the hou - There 
is no record of their — in the Gard n books 

Probably they formed a part of the great collection of plants 


introduced by Admiral Bligh in 1793, on his urr home after 
having introduced the Bread Fruit tree into ae West Indies.” 
The history of the palm has, however, always been enveloped in 


confusion. Its native home has been shown in the Botany of 
the Challenger Expedition (Part I., pp. 70-3) to be Bermuda. 
figure of the Kew ae in que ven on Plate V. of that work. 

A few other old specimens may be mentioned. e large p 
of Jubæa spectabilis in ey Temperate House is no doubt one of 


234 


“several plants raised from seeds collected in Chili by the 
botanical tenet Thomas Bridges, and — from his agent, 
H. Cumming, in 1843” (Smith, Records, 1). 

Trachy NAAT martiana is represe ented i in the Temperate Hous 
by two fine specimens purchased “at the sale of the callestigiis 
that peser er the Conservatory of the Royal Horticultural 
Society’s Gardens, South Kensington, in 1889. They are supposed 
to have been originally obtained from the garden of the Duke of 
Wellington at Strathfieldsaye.” One is figured in the Bot. Mag. 
(t. 7 — 

Howea belinoreana.—* This palm was discovered by W. Milne, 
botanical collector (1852-9) for Kew on the surveying ship 
er aptain Denham. One plant was received at Kew 
(Smith, “Records, p. 115.) It is peculiar to Lord Howe's island 
and was long grown at Kew under the name of Veitchia canter- 
roris The Kew plant is figured in the Bot. Mag. (t. 7018), 
where it is stated to have been sent from the Sydney Botanical 

Gardens. 

Trachycarpus excelsa is represented by specimens in different 
parts of the grounds. The hisjory of the old specimen near the 
principal entrance (which formerly stood in front of No. I. house 
may be recorded. A native of Chusan cto the — of China, 
itis one of *six plants eceived fr 
Mr. Robert Fortune, a well-known Lb Pin collector ” 
(Smith, Records, p. 116). 

Palms in cultivation are slow in developing the full size of 
their crowns. But when once this stage is achieved the upw ward 
growth of the stem is comparatively rapid. But the see is 
reached when the dome of the Palm House is unable to accom- 
modate their height, and it is then necessary to cut iind down 
and replace them. A great clearance was made from this cause 
in 1876 (Report, p. 4). Perhaps the greatest ornament of the 

alm House which os felled at me date was the stately plant 
of Livistona humilis, pire in the Bot. Mag. (t. 6274). 
According to Smith (Record OP 118), it had been received in 

4 as a germinating seed det in a case from Australia by Allan 

Cunningham. 


SCREW PINES. 


The Pandanacee are an order of trees or shrubs allied 
botanically to Aroids, but differing widely in habit. They are 
all tropical or nearly so, and natives of the African islands and 
those of the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Including Cyclanthacee, 
gome 115 species are inn and of these about half are in culti- 
vation at. Kew, mostly in the Palm House. According to Smith 
Goyal Ge pp. 126-7) in 1864 the number of species grown in the 

al Gardens 

"The doles d been much increased by the plants raised 
from seeds brought from Rodriguez in 1874 by Professor Bayley 
Balfour bim etteched as naturalist to the Transit of Venus 
Expeditio 

Two itid plants which were long perhaps the most striking 
features in the North Wing of the Palm House no longer exist. 
Their prospective removal on account of size was foreshadowed 


235 


in the Kew ee aoe tor ein (p. 4), but it was not accomplished, 
and in the o t by design, till nearly twenty years la l ater. 
The Boii stea respecting them were given in the 
Kew Bulletin for 1895, pp. 319-321. 

Pandanus odoratissimus.—There is no record of the apis 
introduction of the striking plant which, under this 
occupied a conspicuous position at the extreme end of the otek 

wing. Smith mentions its existence eee ‘ds, p. 96) in 1823. 
Unfortunately screw pines grow only from the extremities of 
their branches, and do not when cut in pe new growths b 
the development of ae rasiaan buds. No ordinary horticultural 

uilding can therefore eventually meli on te them, and their 
removal on account of unmanageable size is only a question of 
time. Before its removal the great Kew Screw Pine * had about 
40 branches, each bearing a huge tuft of foliage, and it measured 
30 ft. in height, with a diameter of 40 ft. Its weight would be 
about 6 tons. 

It was a female plant and first fruited in 1883, and produced its 
large heads = fruits about a foot long almost every subse sequens 
season. It was removed in 1894 and was then penne five he 
Up to 1882 its was grown in a tub, and there is a good figure of it 
in that stage in the supplement to the Gardeners’ Chronicle for 
August 5th, 1876. In that year it was lowered into a brick pit 
pa for the purpose and so gained an additional space in 
height of 5 ft. The base of the stem with the mass of aerial roots 
has bos carefully preserved for future exhibition in No. HE 
Museum. An illustration was published in the Gardeners’ 
Chronicle for January 5th 95. JP. odoratissimus, Roxb., is 
reduced in the Flora of British India to P. fascicularis, Lam. 

Pandanus reflecus—This was a striking plant of great size 
which stood at the end of the north wing near the staircase. It 
immediately attracted attention from its dense heads of enormous 
stiff sword-shaped leaves. According to Smith (Records, p. 126) 
it was introduced to Kew by Wallich in 1818. P. reflexus is an 


with certainty. It was a male plant, and ped correct determination 
of agis ot this sex presents great difficu 
In July, 1889, a large plant of undated odoratissimus was 
received from the Oxford Botanic Garden and planted in the 
alm House immediately opposite the P. verres It died in the 
following November, apparently from the same disease as event- 
ually also killed the larger plant. In 1891 it was noticed that the 
foliage of this had a rer vaste yellowish and unhealthy ug veces 
The great heads of leaves then began one by one to fall over, 
evidently from a rotting of e»: stem at the * neck." “The 7 were 
a but the mischief continued and eventually it became 
z to sacrifice the whole plant. The disease was almost 
certainly due to the attacks of a fungus, Melanconium Pandani, 
s been very destructive to Screw Pines in European 
Botanic Gardens. 


AROIDS. 


Aroidec are a well-marked order of. Mns "enia: in = 
own flora by the * Cuckoo-pint " ur hedge-ro rows, Som 


236 


900 D: are known, of which 360 are cultivated at — They 
va n habit from terrestial herbs to tall climbers. A large 
proportion are tropical and these have since 1863 enc cultivated 
h ouse, the ainetta conservatory removed by 
Willi liam IV. in — et Buckingham Palace to serve the 
purpose of a Palm 
Aiton, in the first edition of the Hortus Kewenzis (1787) 
records 20 species ; the second (1813) gives 44 as grown at Kew. 
Smith (Records, p. 92) enumerates 148 as in cultivation in 1864. 
In Appendix I. io the Kew Report for 1877 a catalogue is given 
of 250 apecies and varieties. 
ne species, without doubt the most i cso of the order, 
Amorphophallus Titanum, is no longer in the Kew collection. 
A full description of it is given in the Bot. vem (tt. 7153-5 
Sir Joseph Hooker writes :—“ The plant, which flowered in 
June, 1889, was received by Sir Joseph Hooker from Dr. 0. Beccari, 
through the Ma rchese Corsi Salviati, of Sq near Florence 


discovered the plant in Sumatra in 1871.” The Kew plant did 
not mature seeds and died after flowering. A full-sized picture 
of the species may be seen on the ceiling of Museum No. III 


GRASSES. 


The number of grasses which it is worth while to grow under 
glass is not large. Two of the largest Bamboos are noteworthy 
features in the centre of the Palm House :— Bambusa vulgaris 
and Dendrocalamus giganteus. The former has been in culti- 
vation at Kew from the beginning of the century. The latter, 
which was one of Wallich’s discoveries in the Malay Peninsula, 
reached it later, probably from the Royal Botanic Garden, 
Calcutta. 

In the Victoria House there is growing in the gp a pi 
specimen of Gynerium saccharoides, the “ 
commerce. It was A nt to the Royal br in BIS by 
Dr. Capanema from Rio de s 1052) iA occasionally flowers. It 
is figured in the Bot. e (t. 735 


JUIEE —FIJI INORI NUTS. 


were sent out to Mr. D. Yeo ward, Sora tor of the Botanic Station 
at adn Fiji, with a request that he would endeavour to identify 
ihem 


In a letter, just received, Mr. Yeoward referred them to the 
«Niu Sawa” (Veitchia Joannis, Wendl.), a palm discov 


237 


Fiji by Dr. Berthold Seemann, and introduced into cultivation, in 

Eurcpean gardens, by Mr. John Veitch. A figure is given in 

Nicholson’s Dictionary of Gardening, vol. IV., 139. The seeds 

are described in Seemann's Flora Vitiensts, p. 21. “ The kernel 

is ovoid ellipsoid, tapering into a rather blunt point, 30-35 mm. long 

and 2 cm. in diameter, and attached, from the base to the apex, to 
a f the ra i i 


of delicate white vascular bundles. At the base these are placed 
parallel to each other, but towards the point overlying each other. 
The albumen, surrounde d by a purple-coloured skin, is hard, 
white, even, and encloses a straight embr 

“This palm,’ inda See mann, “ is found all over Viti, and there 
is reason to believe that it is also found in the Tongan group 


told; Sawa, signifying red in Tonganese — having no meaning 
in Fijian), doubtless in allusion to the fruit, which merges from 
bright orange into red. e spadix, on which the minute 


moncecious green flowers are inserted, is much branche d, and the 

branches form large bunches, which, when loaded with ripe fruit, 
are rather weighty. “As many as eight of these bunches are often 
seen on a tree ai one time in various stages of development. 
The fruit is about the size of a walnut. At first green, it gradually 
changes into bright orange, and ultimately merges into red at the 
base. The kernel has a slight astringent taste, and is eaten by 
the natives, especially by the: y oungsters.” 

It l be observed that there is no mention here of the kernels 
becoming hard, or ivory-like, or of their use except in the young 
and soft state. It seems possible, however, that in the hard and 
dried condition of those shown at the Colonial and Indian 
Exhibition, they may be used for making buttons and other 
small articles similar to those prepared from the common ivory 
nuts of South America. 


CURATOR, BOTANIC STATION, FIJI, TO ROYAL GARDENS, KEW. 


: Suva, Fiji, 30/9/96. 
SIR, 
e the honour M _ Soo wiege the receipt | of yours 
asking in for nation on the ivory nut exhibited by the Mango 
Island Company at the Colonial and Indian Exhibition of E 
The nut is believed here to be that of the native ** Niu Saw 
alm which grows to a great height, and is named by Svein 
(Veitchia Joannis). But, of course, native names are not to be 
relied on, and he might have received the name of Niu Sawa for 
some other palm, although his M € fairly weil to 
the seeds of one I am sending In the meantime, I will 
prepare segama of the flowers se a leaf, ii if you should 
want them, they will be ready for you. I have cleaned two of the 
seeds, and send you some dozen or so for planting. You will see 
that those cleaned are almost identical with the one you sent, 
_except, of course, the two cleaned are fresher, and not quite 
so hard. 


Yours most obediently, 
D. YEOWARD, 
Curato 


r, 


238 


DLXXIIL—ADDITIONS TO LIST OF KEW 
PUBLICATIONS, 1841—1895. 


In the prefatory note to the list published on pp. 1-84 it was 
remarked as probable that some publications which should have 
been included, * have eluded research or have been overlooked.” 
This proves to have been the case, and the following Runpiemoniay 
list has been prepared by B. Daydon Jackson, Esq., Sec. L. 


1867. 


The Cultivated Selaginellas. By J. G. orare. Gard. Chron., 
782-783 ; 902—903 ; 950 ; 1120; 1190-91 ; 


1868. 
The genus Funkia, By J. G. Blaker], Gard. Chron., 1015. 
uu 26, NoTE.—In Harvey’s Genera of South Ad eas 
ed. by j.p. Hooker, the Filices were written by J. G. Bak 
pp. 458-471.) 

Synopsis Filieum ; or, a Synopsis of all known Ferns, including 
the Osmundacez, Schizsacete, Marattiacee, and Ophioglossaces, 
chiefly derived from the Kew Herbarium, accompanied ag ww 
representing the essential characters of each genus. By t 
W. J. Hooker and J. G. Baker. [NOTE .—Pp. 1-55 by Sir w 
Hooker, the remainder by Mr. ‘Baker. ] 


1869. 


Refugium Botanicum; or, Figures and Descriptions from 
Living Specim gd of little known or New Plants of Botanical 
Interest. Edited by W. W. Saunders. The ro arci by . 

J. G. Baker, the plates by W. H. Fitch, vol. i 

Epilóbiusn Eun iu aoe al in Orkney or Shetland. By 

J. Britten, Journ. Bot., vii., pp. 340-341. 


1870, 

The Known forms of Yucca. By J. G. Baker, Gard. Chron., 
pp. 828; 923; 1088; 1122-1123; 1183-1184 ; 1217. 

Martius, Flora Brasiliensis, vol. i, pars. cd Pp. 306-624. 
Cyatheacez et Polypodiacee exposuit, J. G. Bak 

Refugium Botanicum . edited by W. W. Saunders. The 
descriptions by J. G. Baker, vol. iii. 

Remarks on Asarum europeum, Linn. By J. Britten. Journ. 
Bot., viii., pp. 84-86. 


On a new locality (Herefordshire) for Asarum europeum, 
Linn. By the same, l.c., p. 161. 


239 
Viola Paillouxii, ee identieal with the Cornfield Pansy. 
By the same, l.c., pp. 225-224. : 
[Additions to T. A. Preston's] Flora of Marlborough. By the 
same, l.c., pp. 324-325 
1871. 
Martius, Flora Brasiliensis, vol. xiv., pars. H., pp. 173-219. 
Connaracew et Ampelides. J. G. Baker. 
Refugium Botanicum . . . edited by W. W. Saunders. The 
descriptions by J. G. Baker, vol.iv. | 
Protandry in Butomus umbellatus, Linn. By J. Britten, 
Journ. Bot., ix., p. 17. 
Additions to "dli Flora of Marlborough. By the same, l.c., 
p. 374. 


1872. 
Refugium Botanicum . edited ee w W. Saunders, The 
descriptions by J. G. Baker, vol. v. , parts 1 
1874. 
Synopsis Filicum . . . By the late W. J. Hooker and 
J. G. Baker ed. II, 
es 


Carnivorous Plants. By J. Hooker. (Rep. Brit. Assoc., 
1874.) Reprinted in Journal of Maite Asia, i., pp. 38-62. 


1878. 


On some of the Economic Plants of Marocco. On the Canarian 
Flora as compared with the Maroccan. Comparison of the 
Maroccan oo with that of the mountains of Tropical Africa. 
App. D. [by J. D. Hooker] in *Journal of a Tour in 
Marocco, b: I D. Hooker & J Ball? 


Determination by [D. Oliver] of Plants collected near Akaba 
by Mr. JOHN MILNE on Dr. Beke’s Expedition to Sinai, in Arabia, 
January and February, 1874. b the late Dr. Charles Beke's 
Discoveries in Arabia and Midian, pp. 593-594. 


1880. 


Refugium —€— Ó ^ i edited by W. W. Saunders, The 
SevonpHons by J. G. Baker, vol. v part 2 
Note.—The date on the title- cu is “ 1873." 


1883. 
English Botany ; X Coloured Figures of estet uem 
Ed. HI. . . . by J. T. Boswell (formerly J. T. Boswel 2 


y ud 
[revised and figures added by N. E. Brows] vol xii, hn ES 


240 


1884. 
English Botany . . . [revised by N. E. Brown,] Nos. 86, 87. 


1885. 
English Botany . . ppm by N. E. Brown,] No. 88. 


1886. 
English Botany. .. No. 89. Index to the whole work, by 
N. E. Brown. The complete volume is dated 1886. 
1887. 
List of Economic Plants of Western Africa, [by J. M. Hillier.] 
In Moloney’s Sketch of the Forestry of West Africa, pp. 269- 
. 458. 
1888. 


Les Cypripediées, texte par A. Godefroy-Lebeuf 
N. E. Brown—1 re Livraison. 
he Ver etable Resources of the West Indies, by D. Morris, 
Journal Tient Chamber of Commerce, April, 1888. 


1891. 

English Botany; or Coloured Figures of British Plants. 
Supplement to the Third Edition, Part 1. Pagare 
Celastracez ] compiled and illustrated by N. E. Brow 

1893. 

English Botany, . . Parts 2 and 3 [Sapindaceg-Dipsacez.] .. . 

by N. E. Brown. 


DLXXIV.—MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. 


Mr. JOHN MAHON, a member of the Staff of the Royal 
Gardens, has been appointed, on the Vigne tinge of Kew, 
by the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, to the post of 
Forester under the British Central pirmi Broka te. 


Long Reiga Celebration.—On June 22, the day of the Official 
Celebration of iie Majesty the Queen's long reign, the Royal 
yardens were sed to the public by order hes H.M.’s First 
Commissioner of "Works and Public Buildings, in order to give 
the members of the Staff and employés an Podere of seeing 
the Queen's progress through London. A Royal Standard, lent 
by the Admiraliy for the occasion, was flown from the vasa 
Spruce Spar, believed to be the tallest in the Old World. 


\ 241 


Honours for Indian Botanists—Amongst the honours bestowed 
by the mie on the occasion of the celebration of Her Majesty's 
long reign, t will = pec an acceptable to the botanical 

world. Both “Sir Joseph Hooker and Lieut.-General Strachey 
were promoted to be Knights Gadd Cobetanene of the Star of 
India. This is one of the most restricted honours in the gift of 


pr ago the Eastern, the latter was occupied with the same 

the Western Himalayas. General Strachey’s botanical 
epini made at the time have never been surpassed or 
superseded, and supplied apan material for the preparation 
of the Flora of British India 


Botanical Magazine for June.—The plants figured are : Renanthera 
Storiei, Strobilanthes callosus, Veronica diosmeefolia, var. tri. sepala, 
Begonia Baumanni, and Lelia longipes. The Renanthera is 2 
magnificent species from the Philippine Islands. The drawing 

from a specimen communicated by Sir Trevor 

Lawrence. Strobilanthes callosus, native of Western India, was 

raised from seeds sent to Kew from the Saharanpur Botanical 

Gardens. The bracts AO a resinous substance which 2 an 

odour resembling Patchouli (see Kew Bulletin, 1896, p. 98). 
he V. 


l 
being fragrant. It is a native of Bolivia, and flowered at Kew in 
September, 1896. The Zelia is a small-flowered species from 
Brazil, ag: to L. crispilabia, The plant figured was sent to Kew 
rs. F. Sander & Uo., of St. Albans, in 1893, and flowered 
for the first time in July, 1896. 


Tropical African Plants.—A large and interesting Wirt ae 
Nyasaland, made by Mr. Alex. Whyte and others, bee 
presented by Sir H. H. Johnston, K.C.B., late H.M. De ae ei 
in British Central Africa. The country Mie comprises Zomba 
and its vieinity, Mt. Malosa, the Nyika Hange, and the country 
between Kondow ve and Karonga. An account of this journey has 


Gazette between October, 1896, — Febras ary, - 1897. The 
collection, which contains some 200 new species, is especially rich 
in Rubiacesw, and gives a very bm plote. idea of the vegetation of 
the region trave 

Prof. A. Engler, Director of the Botanical Gardens and Museum, 


Baumann and Stuhlman. A set of the eere colleeted by Zanker 
in aed D eroons, has — ‘contributed by Dr. E. Gilg. 

. W. Barbey has ilte nec of the plants collected, 
chiefly: in norther n Abymsinia, by Dr. G. Sehweinfurth, which are 
in course of vuiticnBon 5 in the Bulletin de l Herbier Boissier. 


^e ee tone yg 


242 


à ut. s J. Lugard, has been received from the collectors, 
ontains many undescribed species. The plants collected 
Boite ins: and South Abit by the late Mr. Theodore Bent, have: 

also been presented to 


An interesting collection, made in N'gamiland by Major F. D. ‘i 
d, 


Fruit Industries in Jamaica.—O wing to the depression in the 
sugar industry in the West Indies, considerable interest attaches to 
the development of other industries likely to prove serviceable in 
such islands as are fortunate enough to possess the necessary 
conditions. In Jamaica, for instance, with a considerable extent 
of land rising above the level of the sea a diversified system of 
cultivation is practicable, and already leading to successful results. 
From the Blue Book of Jamaica, it appears that the total exports 
for the year 1895-96 were of the value of £1,873,105. Of this 
amount the exports to the United Kingdom were of the value 
of £517, qe while those to the re ‘States were of the value 
of £1, 067, 86. The considerable trade now carried on between 
Jamaica ie the he ste States is chiefly in fruit and other fresh 

ropical produce conveyed by a considerable fleet of- steamers 
locust fitted for ie purpose, The principal taal Seats is 
ana. Of this, A 796 bunches were export 1895-96 

of the value of rm 560, while oranges, owin ng t ae recent 
destruction of the orange ‘trees in Flo orida, ead exported to the 
number of 97,925,398, and the value of £169,794. These two 
fruits were therefore shipped to the value of £156,35 4, During 
the same period the exported value of sugar (formerly the chief 
staple of the —— amounted to only £195,459, while the value 
of the rum was £164,600. The combined value of the exports in 
sugar and rum was therefore £260,059, ond one-fifth of the whole 
produce of the Colony or about £200, 000 le Begs the combined 
value of two of the fruits exported, viz., the Bail nas and oranges. 
— has, however, other valuable industries ; the logwood 


ue 
£359, 039, coffee a value of £284,821, gin iger a value of £50,328, 
pimento or allspice a value of £90, 046, cigars a value of £7,649, 
and tobacco a value of £197. It may be mentioned ‘that 
numerous other fruits and fruit products besides bananas and 
oranges are being gradually increased in export value from year 
to year. The following figures afford interesting indications of 
this increase : cocoa-nuts, "e37,774 ; grape-fruit, £5,832 ; 


, ime 
juice, £5,585; pine-apples, £524; kola-nuts, £291; whilst, 
tamarinds and unenumerated fruits account for £212. The total 
value of the fruit exported from Jamaica at the present time 

amounts to £537,601. The fruit exported from Jamaica as 
the Tangerine orange is for the most part the large fruited 
Mandarin orange, native of China. Both the leaves and the loose 
rind of this fruit possess a characteristic ouer unlike that of any 
other of the orange tribe. The true Tangerine orange is smaller 
than the Mandarin, with an ERA wg slightly perfumed 


ROYAL GARDENS, KEW. 


BULLETIN 


OF 


MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION, 


No. 128-129.] AUGUST-SEPTEMBER. (1897. 


r DLXXV.—DIAGNOSES AFRICANÆ, X. 


The following descriptions include some of the novelties con- 
tained in several important collections recently received at Kew 
That of Dr. Forsyth Major, amounting to 575 species was made in 
Central Madagascar, an area in which he had been preceded by 
the Rev. R. Baron; the proportion of new species found was 
consequently T so great as it would otherwise have been. 
Mr. G. L. Bates has sent several small collections from the 
Cameroons eco and although he bas not penetrated far into the 
interior, he has succeeded in discovering a number of POE 
undescribed plants. Sir Harry H. Johnston, late 
missioner in British Central Africa, has transmitted to Kew ths 
extensive and important collections ET by Mr. Alexander Whyte, 
Head of Scientific Department, Zom ore arge portion of these 
were made in North Nyasaland, a giis which had never 
Gonos been explored Errep e 


418. Cleome debere Baker [Capparidee]; ad C. mono- 
phyllam, Linn., ; 

Herba erecta, pcm pubescens. Folia ere lanceolata, 
acuta, integra, ascendentia, inferiora 14-2 poll. longa, superiora 
valde reducta. Flores axillares, iggy nedioellis 3-6 lin. longis, 
fructiferis patulis. Sepala lanceolata, dense pubescentia, 2 lin. 
longa. Petala obovata, Du unguiculata, pcm calyce pa aulo 
longiora. Stamina 8-10, calyci squilonga. Capsula verge 
2-24 poll. longa, pubescens, crebre fangtiedihnaliter nervata, ad 
basin sensim angustata, valvis a placentis demum dinde. 
Semina curvata, pallide brunnea, glabra, rugis transversis ornata. 
VU BRETIAR CENTRAL AFRICA. Plains of Zomba, alt. 2500--3500 ft., 

yte. 


419. Pittosporum oblongifolium, C. H. Wright Je ch ; 
arborescens, foliis oblongis glabris chartaceis, cymis pauciflori 


14538—1375—9/97 Wt 6] D&S 29 A 


244 


Arbor parva. Folia integra vel Kd dentata, glabra, 7 poll. 
longa, 24-3 poll. lata; petioli j-poll. longi. Cyme terminales, 
pauciflore. Sepala 2 lin. longa, rotundata, valde imbricata, minute 
fimbriata. Petala oblonga, quam sepala sesquilongiora, viridi- 
dicen Fila he dee brevia; anthere oblongs; connectivum 

supra endic riosam productum. Ovariwm globosum, 
piai 4 Sbaresubula: atlas filiformis, stigmate subpeltato. 

WEST TROPICAL AFRICA. Efulen, Cameroons, Bates, 432. 

The oblong leaves are much larger and less coriaceous, and the 
cymes bear fewer flowers than in any other African species. 


420. Pittosporum malosanum, Baker [Pittosporee]; ad P 
abyssinicum, Del., et P. viridiflorum, Sims, arcte accedit. 


rutex vel arbor pa: rva. Rami graciles, juniores pubescentes. 

Folia breviter petiolata, vicini oblonga, acuta vel obtusa, 

ae Pete glabra, 2-8 poll. longa, ad basin sensim attenuata 
ym 


vodicedlis calyce Sepe lon ioribus. Calyx campanulatus, 
pubescens, 1 lin. longus, lobis ovatis obtusis, tubo brevissimo. 
Petala oblanceolata, obtusa, flavo-brunnea, 24 lin.longa. Stamina 
posts; paro breviora, filamentis antheris longioribus. Fructus 


ceri CENTRAL AFRICA. Mount Malosa, near Zomba, alt. 
4000-6000 ft., Whyte. 


421. Hibiscus — Carsoni, — Secu day ad H. 
micranthum, Linn., et H. petreum, Hiern, accedit 

Herba perennis, 'sesquipedalia vel bipedal, Caulis erectus, 
gracilis, setis stellatis appressis scaber. Folia obscure petiolata 
oblanceolato-oblonga, obtusa, 3-34 poll. longs: subcoriacea, ad 
basin rotundata, dimidio superiore dida infra medium triner- 
vata. Panicula laxa, elongata, ramulis brevibus erecto-patentibus 
ad apicem &epissime trifloris. Bractee epicalycis 6, lineares, 


lobis lanceolatis. Petala cuneata, c a, 9-10 lin. longa, dorso 
pilosa. Stylus petalis paulo Previo. Calla dense pilosa. 


BRITISH CENTRAL Pu Fort uh Nyasa-Tanganyika 
plateau, alt. 3000-4000 ft., yte; Fwambo, Lake Tanganyika, 
alt. 5000-6000 ft., Carson. Caltiva ted a Kew in 1896 from seeds 
gent by Mr. Kenneth J. Camer 


422. Dombeya tanganyikensis, Baker [Sterculiacew]; ad D, 
oe Rich., magis accedit. 
i lignosi, graciles, glabri, teretes. Folia longe petiolata, 
cordato-orbicularia, cuspidata, cre nata, 3-4 poll. longa et lata, 
trinque dense pubescentia. Panicula terminalis, ampla, 
osa, — multifloris ics -patentibus simpliciter 
umbellatis furcatis; bracte ante anthesin duca, 
pedicellis pilosis 3-4 lin. longis. Sepala lanceolata, acuminata, 
44-5 lin. longa, dorso pubescentia. Petala cuneata, rubella, 
persistentia, demum scariosa, sepalis equilonga, Stamina a basin 


245 


coalita ut cupulam ovario squilongam efficiant; staminodia 
5. clavata, petalis paulo breviora. Ovarium globosum, dense 
pi ilosu um. 


BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Fort Hill, Nyasa-Tanganyika 
plateau, alt. 3000—4000 ft., Whyte. 


423. Hermannia erm Poen Aaronin] ad H. glandu- 
uM K. Sehum H. arabicam, Harv. et Sond., magis 
cedit. 


Suffrutex ramosissimus. Rami graciles, lignosi, teretes, dense 


dense glanduloso-pubescentia. Flores solitarii, usare, pedi- 

cellis 2-5 lin.longis. Calyx dense glanduloso-pubescens, 2 lin. 

longus, tubo brevi campanulato, dentibus kaos Fir "Petala 

lanceolata, rubella, calyce vix longiora. Anthere@ lineares, 
i 


Carpella pubescentia, ee , 2 lin. longa, cuspidibus brevibus 
ee instruc 

TISH CENTRAL nds Monkey Bay, Lake Nyasa, 
alt 1700 ft., Whyte. 


424. TE erecta, N. E. Brown Sood ened H.denudate, 
Linn. fl., similis, sed indumento facile distinquit 

Frutex ramosa. Rami erecti, stricti, brunnei, pilis minutis 
stellatis vestiti inter quos etiam pili magni stellati prcputatiies 
interspersi atent. ^ Folia  ascendentia, breviter petiolata ; 
petiolus 15-2 lin. longus ; lamina 3-1] poll. longa, oblanceolata 
su babrupte acuta, basi longe cuneata, integra, apicem versu 

serrata, utrinque pilis fasciculatis vel stellatis pubescens ; 
ipsi 3-5 lin. longe, j-1 lin. lat», lanceolate, acuminate. 
Flores i gettin ; fasciculi 2-4-flori secus partem termin- 
alem orum dispersi. Bracteæœ inferiores lineari-lanceolate 
vel hasiren paite et bracteolæ 2 lin. longæ, subulate. 


longi. Calyx 24-24. lin, longus et latus, subglobo S0- pesi rau nisi 
usque ad 2 quing ue-dentatu o-tomentosus, dentibus late del- 
toideis acuminatis. Petala 33 a longa, T lin. lata, unguiculata ; 
limbus subobliquus, late oblon ngus, apice su btruncatus, laber 
unguis convoluto-tubulosus, marginibus minute stellato eiia, 
Stamina inclusa; filamenta 24 lin. longa, $ lin. lata, oblonga, 
acuta, fere ad medium connata ; anther 1 lin. longs, oblonge, 
apice minute bifide. | Ovarium oblonguin. pentagonum, stellato- 
tomentosum, stylo tereto glabro. 

ee Kaap Valley, Barberton, 2100 ft., April, Galpin, 


oa renine depressa, N. E. Brown [Sterculiaceæ]; H. Woodii, 
“pr a sed minus tomentosa, foliis et stipulis 

sbi too differt 
Rami prostrati, aie poll. win iio subflexuosi, brunnei, glandu- 
loso-pubescentes, interdum per partes pilis stellatis parce obtecti. 
Folia patentia ; in 1-2 lin, longus ; lamina 3-13 poll. longa 


14538 A2 


246 


4-1 poll. lata, oblongo-ovata, obtusa, basi cordata vel late rotun- 
data, marginibus plus minusve irregulariter crenato-dentata, supra 
glabra, subtus plus minusve glanduloso-pubescens vel raris- 
Sime in venis pilos stellatos paucos gerens. Stipule 1-1} lin. 
longae, 1-1 lin. late, ovate, acute. Pedunculi 4-14 poll. longi, 
axillares, biflori. Bractewe 1 -2 lin. longe, ut cucullum bifidum 
conficiant connate. Pedicelli 2— T lin. longi, inzequales. Gülya 
2-21 lin. longus, campanulatus, usque ad medium 5-lobus ; lobi 
deltoidei, acuti; ii utrinque et pedunculus et podielu glanduloso- 
pubescentes. Pe tala 3—4 lin. longa, 15-2 lin. lata, cuneato-obovata, 
obtusa, glabra, aurantiaca. Stamina inclusa ; filamenta medio 
utrinque tuberculata, dorso hirta. Ovarium obovoideum, glan- 
duloso-pubescens, stylo parce hirto. Capsula subglobosa ; semina 
glabra. ewe erodioides, var. latifolia, Harv.in Harv. & Sond. 
Fl. Cap. 1 4. 

SOUTH AFRICA. Griqualand East : mountains around Kokstad, 
4500 ft, MacOwan, ps Aust.-Afr., 1419. Natal: near 
Umlaas "River, 2000 f Wood, 1828; near Pietermaritzburg, 
Sanderson; near Port K atal, Sutherland ; and without precise 
locality, Gerrard. Prince Albert Div. : between the great Zwarte 
Bergen and Kandos Berg, 2000-3000 ft., Drege, 7309. Albert 

iv.: near Braam Boris Cooper, 1361. Basutoland, Cooper, 2007, 
2010. Orange Free cian Bloemfontein, Rehmann, 3905 ; Sand 
River, Burke, 400. Transvaal: Mooi River, Nelson, 333 ; Isid 
around Barberton, 2800 ft, “Galpin, 1080. 


426. Geranium sie ina Baker [Geraniacee]; ad G. simense, 
Hochst., — ac 
erba perennis. Caules decumbentes, pubescentes, graciles. 
Folia breviter petiolata, ad basin trifida, pubescentia, 9-12 li lin 


parvæ, lanceolatæ, scariosæ. Pedunculi erecti, graciles, elongati, 
biflori, bracteis minutis lanceolatis mucronatis, pedicellis 


mucronata, dorso dense pubescentia. Petala integra, cuneata, 


pabesi 8. 
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. 6000-7000 ft., 
Whyte. 


427. Pelargonium Whytei, Baker [Co ad P. alche- 
milloides, Willd., et P. multibracteatum, Hochst., accedit. 

Herba perennis, pedalis vel sesquipedalis. Cite ascendentes, 
graciles, parce pilosi. Folia breviter jue per. parce pilosa, 
trifida, segmentis obovato-cuneatis 1-1} poll. longis profunde 
crenatis; stipule parva, ovate, acute, rta Pedunculi 
elongati, ascendentes, 2—4-flori, bracteis 4—5 lanceolatis caspidatis 
pubescentibus ; pedicelli re lin. longi. Sepala lanceolata, 
cuspidata, pubescentia, 44 lin. longa. Petala oblanceolata, 
rubra, calyce paulolongiora. Rostrum fructiforüm dense pilosum ; 
lobi stigmatici 5, subulati, glabri. | 
. BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. 7000 ft., 
Whyte, 244. 


247 


428. Impatiens zombensis, Baker [ Geraniacez-Balsaminese] ; ad 
I. capensem, Thunb., arcte accedit. 

Caules graciles, erecti, sursum parce pilosi. Folia giis 
petiolata, oblonga, acuta, membranacea, 2-3 poll. longa, ar 
serrata, facie Pici dorso pubescentia, basi petioloque des 


paucis glanduliferis predita. Pedunculi axillares, elongati, 
erecti, simplices a furcati. Petala parva, violacea; calcar 


curvatum poll. longum, tenue, e basi subulatum. Ovarium 
E, glabrum. 

BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Plateau of Mount Zomba, alt. 
5000-6000 ft., Whyte. 


á 429. e —— Baker [Ochnaces»]; ad O. macrocalycem, 
liv., acc 


Arbor "e ramulis gracilibus. Folia alterna, sessilia, oblongo- 
lanceolata, acuta vel acuminata, 24-3 poll. longa, 9-12 lin. lata, 
i 


brevissimo, pedicellis gracillimis glabris 6—9 m longis. Sepala 
post anthesin viridia, lineari-oblonga, a. , 9-6 lin. longa. 
Gerad saris duplo breviora. Carpella 5, globosis glabra ; 
stylus 2 lin. longus, apice stigmatosus, past capitatu 
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Mount Malosa, near "e alt. 
4000-6000 ft., Whyte. 


430. Ochna shirensis, Baker [Ochnaces]; ad O. macrocalycem, 
Oliv., etiam accedit. 


Arbor glabra, ramulis lignosis virgatis. Folia brevissime 
petiolata, oblongo-lanceolata, acuta, 2-3 poll. longa, basi cuneata, 
denticulata, firmula, utrinque viridia glabra. Racemi axillares, 
simplices vel basi furcati, breviter pedunculati, pauciflori vel 
multiflori, pedicellis gracilibus 6-9 lin. longis. Sepala post 

i i i i lin. 


anthesin lineari-oblonga, pallide brunnea, kz onga. 
Stamina —— duplo breviora, antheris par oblongis per 
longitudin totam dehisce cd eem "b car! stylus 
integer, ipte stigmatosus, capitatu 


BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. duet Zomba and Mount Malosa, 
alt. 4000-6000 ft., Whyte. 


431. Gymnosporia UEM, Baker [Celastrinese]; pedunculis 
solitariis haud furca 


Frutex inermis. Rami virgati, P oer pubescentes. Folia 
alterna, breviter petiolata, oblonga, 2-3 poll. longa, obtusa, integra, 
rigide coriacea, facie obscure, dorso eis whe nest iun 


centia. Rasin „den nsi, pa auciflo ori, Lh pedunculi bre yos, 


lanceolate, pilose. Calyx parvus, campanulatus, dense pilosus 
dentibus 5 deltoideis. Petala 5, oblonga, obtusa, $ lin. longa. 
Stamina petalis breviora. Fru ictus ignotus. 


won CENTRAL AFRICA. Mount Zomba, alt. 4000-6000 ft., 
yte. 


248 


432. Lasiodiscus marmoratus, C. H. Wright [Rhamnacee]; arbor- 
scens, Pes junioribus dense ferrugineo-tomentosis, foliis basi 
modis dug 


Arbor parva. Rami petioli pedunculique pilis Von ne 
vestiti. Folia a o er pem ata, basi rotundata viter 
pea , Obscur chartacea, supra glabra, subtus da Bene 

ute Sie Honesty o: 9 olt =e 54 poll. lata, nervis siccitate 
albis. Panicule axillares, 6 poll. longs multiflore. Flores 3lin. 
diam. Calycis lobi triangulares s, valvati, SERI. tomentosi, per 
anthesin reflexi. Petala alba, cucu llata, quam sepala multo 
minora. Stamina 5, petalis velata. iscus iie annularis, 
ovarium obtegens. Ovarium triloculare, ovulis in quoque loculo 
solitariis ; stylus trilobatus. 


WEST TROPICAL AFRICA. Efulen, Cameroons, Bates, 358. 


This can be at once distinguished gabe Mannii, Hook. fil., by 
the dense rusty tomentum on the y e irre and petioles 

and by the rotundate bases of ihe lea The veins on the 
dod side of the leaf are conspicuous by ‘their whiteness, at least 
when dry. 


Ee Vitis Gee) variifolia, Baker [Ampelides]; ad V. con- 
m, Baker, accedit, 


xs ules validi, ina pubescentes, cirrhis haud wv. a 
nodiis superioribus 2-3 poll. longis. Folia sessilia, 1—3-fol 
foliola oblanceolato- ob Ney subacuta, supra basi “rel 
6-9 poll. longa, supra medium 2-23 poll. lata, subcoriacea, facie 
scabra, es pubescentia, e medio ad basin sensim angustata ; 
stipule magne, foliaceæ, persistentes, ovato-acuminate. Pantcula 
terminalis, sessilis vel pedunculata, 2 poll. diam., ramis pubes- 
centibus, pedicels brevibus. alyx oe Pe ied minutus, 
pubescens, dentibus 4 parvis latis. Corolla 1 lin. longa, viridis, 
Res nstr iota. petalis f diu conniventibus. tvar jiita globosum, 
glabru 

fe CENTRAL AFRICA. Plain of Zomba, alt. 2500-3000 ft., 
Whyte. 


434, Vitis (Cissus) gue dee, Baker [ Ampelidez]; ad V. con- 
gestam, Baker, magis acc 

Caules validi, flexuosi, pubescentes cirrhis haud obviis, inter- 
nodis superioribus 3-4 poll. lon Folia sessilia vel sub- 
sessilia, 2—3-foliolata ; foliola Caolas bloka acuta, 6-9 
poll. longa, supra medium 2-21 poll. lata, e medio ad basin sensim 
angustata, supra basin serrata, membranacea, facie sordide 
viridia glabra, dorso pubescen tia. Panicula terminalis, longe 
pedunculata, ramis sursum valde compositis pubescentibus ; 
pedicelli breves. Calyx pubesce ns, campanulatus, minutus, den- 
tibus 4 parvislatis. Corolla viridis, 1 lin. longa, medio constricta, 
petalis 4 diu conniventibus. Ovarium globosum, glabrum 


BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Mount Zomba, alt, 2500-3500 ft, 
Whyte. 


249 


435. Vitis (Cissus) etui me Baker [Ampelidee]; ad 
C. Buchanani, Planch., magis accedit 

rmentosi, gra Phan 8, fud lignosi, apice leviter 

pubescentes. Folia longe petiolata, 5-foliolata ; foliola mem- 


laxissima, 5—6 poll. diam., ramis primariis patulis recurvatis laxe 
paniculatis dense pubescentibus, pedicellis cernuis floribus valde 
longioribus. Calyx minutus, campanulatus, pubescens, dentibus 
4 parvis latis. Corolla 1 lin. longa, petalis 4 diu conniventibus. 
Ovarium ovoideum, glanduloso-pilosum. 

RITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Masuku plateau, near Karonga, 
alt. 6500-7000 ft., Whyte. 


436. Bloch ouis nyikensis, Baker vetet ; ad D. pinnatam, 
Schu n., magis accedit 


A ok viiam apice brunneo-pubescentes. Folia 
4-6 poll. pan dado 1-2 poll. longo incluso), foliolis A pk jugis 


subsessilibus oblongis pallide viridibus subcoriaceis obtusis 
integris 4—6 poll. longis glabris vel dorso obscure páke ntibus. 
Paniculæ terminales 8-9 poll. loig, ramulis dense brunneo- 


velutinæ, axillares breviores vel nullæ; pedicelli crassi, brevissimi. 
Sepala ovata, dense velutina, 14 lin. longa. Petala obtusa, pilosa, 
calyce paulo longiora. Stamina 8, petalis subæquilonga, filamen tis 
pilosa, antheris linearibus parvis. Ovarium in floribus submas- 
culis rudimentarium. Fructus ignotus 

BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika ‘ca, alt. 6000-7000 ft. 
and between Kondowe and Karonga, North Nyasa-land, Whyte. 


437. Crotalaria vig Heat. tai rape Ae p ; 
ad C. atrorubentem, Hoc 

Herba perennis, ramo "Ri "ps ascendentes, teretes, 
dense pubescentes. Folia Bur patoa, digitatim trifoliolata, 
foliolis oblanceolatis obtusis vel leviter emarginatis minute 


mucronatis lin. longis facie viridibus glabris dorso pallidis 
pubescentibus ; stipulæ minutæ, ca d Ra bre t c: 
nales, BiapieH ine densi, ed is us 2 E longis dense pu 


centibus ; bractez folia vel m Calyx 2 lin. Jongas; 
dense pubescens, dentibus a rer aa deltoideis tubo campan- 


is nneis 
carina curvata conspicue rostrata. eee by xad es 
turgidum, iarasi 3 lin. longum, seminibus 
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika e. alt. 6000-7000 ft., 
Whyte, 109, 117. 


438. Crotalaria sparsifolia, = pone! Leguninve ee ad 
C. spherocarpam, Perott., magis 

Herba perennis, erecta, ramosissima. Ramuli roster ascen- 
dentes, pilis ascendentibus albidis vestiti. Folia pauca, sparsa 
brevissime petiolata, digitatim trifoliolata, foliolis sUleciecelatia 


250 


acutis mucronatis 2-3 lin. longis, =o ee glabris, bee 


dense pilosis; stipule nulle vel cito decidus. Racemi laxissim 
pauciflori, terminales, pedicellis brevibus strigosis ; mepe 
lineares, minut Calyx pilosus, 14 lin. longus, tubo brevi, 


æ. 
dentibus lanceolatis. ‘Corolla calyce uus longior, vexillo 
rubro-luteo dorso pubescente, carina curvata conspicue rostrata. 
Legumen sessile, pilosum, subglobosum, 2-3-spermum, 2 lin 
longum. 

BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika p alt. 6000-7000 ft., 
and between Kondowe and Karonga, Whyte 


439. Crotalaria phyllostachys, Baker ene: Genistee ]; 
ad C. spherocarpam, Perott., magis acce 


Suffrutex erectus, ramosissimus. Rami Junoni, cies ascen- 
dentes, teretes, virgati, pilis ascendentibus dense vestiti. Folia 
breviter petiolata, digitatim trifoliolata, foliolis xvin obtusis 
mucronatis 6-9 lin. longis pallide viridibus facie glabrescentibus 
dorso pilosis; stipulze nulle vel cito deciduse. lores ad axillas 
foliorum omnium 1-3-ni., pedicellis dense pubescentibus 2 lin. 
longis. Calyx pilosus, 2 lin. longus, tubo brevi, dentibus lanceo- 
lato-deltoideis tubo valde longioribus. SAS aad calyce duplo 
longior, vexillo leviter sericeo luteo striis brunneis decorato, 
carina curvata conspicue rostrata. Lor ution iile, oblongum, 
pilosum, monospermum, 2 lin. longum 

BRITISH ap ee — Nyika plateam, alt. 6000—7000 ft. 
and between Mpata and the commencem the Nyasa-Tan- 
ganyika plateau, alt. 2000-3000 ft., Whyte 


440. Crotalaria Johnstoni, fuse LLoguminosiodenipemds ad 
C. À we. cula, Klotzsch, magis a 

Herba perennis, erecta, ramosissima =- mi graciles, ascendentes, 
teretes, albido-pilosi. Folia breviter petiolata, digitatim trifoliolata, 
foliolis oblongo-oblanceolatis obtusis minute mucronatis 6-9 lin 
longis facie subglabris dorso parce pilosis ; drm null. Flores 
in racemos terminales subdensos 1-2 poll. longos aggregati aut 
in axillis Therma solitarii, pedicellis brevibus pilosis ; rait 
lineares, pilosi. Calyx ilosus 1j lin. longus, tubo brevissimo, 
dentibus lanceolatis. Corolla pallide lutea, due duplo longior, 
vexillo dorso pubescente, carina conspicue rostrata. Legumen 
pond Minucii pilosum, monospermum, 2 lin. longum 


BRITISH CENTRAL CE. — Fort Hill, Nyasa-Tanganyika 
yis alt 3500-4009 ft., 


laria nyikensis, Baker [Leguminose-Genistex] ; ad 
C. "aie elon. Klotzsch, magis accedit. 
Herba perennis, erecta, ramosi issima. Ramuli graciles, teretes, 


3-6 lin. longis utrinque pallide viridibus dense pu Emon ee} 
stipule nulle. Racemi densi, multi, ene terminal De glo 

vel oblongi, pedicellis brevibus dense pilosis ; æ parve 
e pilosæ. Calyx dense pe 1 lin. longus, dentibus 


251 


deltoideis acuminatis tubo valde longioribus. Corolla pallide 
rubella, calyce duplo longior, dense pubescens, carina valde rostrata. 
Legumen Sek subglobosum 1-2-spermum, 2 lin. longum, dense 
pilosum. 

BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. 6000-7000 ft., 
Whyte 


442. Crotalaria leucotricha, Baker [Leguminoss-Genistes] ; 
ad C. hyssopifoliam, Klotzsch, magis accedit. 
erba perennis, erecta, e basi ramosissima. Caules graciles, 
dense albido-pilosi. 
Folia breviter petiolata, ge tuper tritoliolata Apud DE 
3 tis inque dense 
persistenter pilosis; stipule Wilh ra cito dne Racemi 
laxi, multiflori, terminales, pedicellis brevibus dense res, 
braetez lineares. Calyx dense pilosus, 2 lin. longus, tubo bre 
dentibus lanceolatis vel ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis tubo "ids 
longioribus. Corolla pallide lutea, 3 lin longa, vexillo dorso 
dense piloso, carina curvata conspicue rostrata. Legumen € 
luge subglobosum vel oblongum, monospermum, 1j-2 1 
longum. 
BR ISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Near Fort Hill, Nyasa-Tanganyika 
laie alt. 3500-4000 ft., Whyte. 


443. Crotalaria pauciflora, Baker kiogomiooee Genistew] ; ; ad 
C. ivantulensem, Welw., angolensem magis accedit 

Suffrutex ramosissimus. Famuli graciles, lignosi, ascendentes, 

pubescentes. Folia breviter petiolata digitatim trifoliolata, 
s 2-3 lin. lo 


foliolis obovatis obtusis mucro ongis facie &u 
glabris dorso doce oa feeria : stipulæ minutæ, caduce ; 
Flores 1-3-ni, nales , pedicellis brevibus ubes- 


centibus. Cae piloras, 3 lin. longus, dentibus eiie tubo 
campanulato æquilongis. Corolla calyce duplo longior. Legumen 
oblongum, 4 lin. longum, pubescens, oligospermum, breviter 
stipitatum. 

BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. 6000-7000 ft., 
common, Whyte. 


444. Crotalaria pence etl ot [Leguminoss-Genistem] ; ad 
C. orthocladam, Welw., m accedit. 

r'utez ramosissimus, Rami ascendentes, pallide virides, pubes- 

centes. Folia distincte petiolata, digitatim trifoliolata, foliolis 


vexillo dorso pubescente, cari rostro obtuso alis longiori. 
Legumen immaturum paa sessile, dense pilosum, oligos- 
permum. 

BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. 6000-7000 ft., 
Whyte. 


252 


445. Crotalaria cespitosa, i gat Bes earner ene on 
C. maxillarem, Klotzsch, magis a 

Herba — e basi ER ramosissima. Caules dense 
cæspitosi, b ciles, diffusi, pubescentes. Folia breviter 


pi 
petiolata, digitatim ‘rifoliolata, foliolis oblanceolatis obtusis 
lin. nes utrinque viridibus primum dorso pubes- 
centibus dem glabrescentibus ; stipule parve, lineares. 


Racemi laxi, Pause terminales, pedicellis pubescentibus calyce 
brevioribus; bracteæ lineares, minute. Calyx pubescens, 2 lin. 
longus, dentibus lanceolatis tubo longioribus. Corolla aurantiaca, 
calyce -T longior, vexillo dorso glabro, carina curvata conspicue 
rostráta. Legumen se veis bhlongmt. durum, glabrum, oligo- 
spermum, 5 lin. longum 

BRITISH CENTRAL aeRO Mounts Zomba and Malosa, alt. 
4000 Whyte. 


446. Crotalaria oocarpa, Baker Ai rep cete mau: A 
C. maxillarem, Klotzsch, iss acced 

Suffruter ramosissimus. Ramuli PUER pallide virides, 
dense pubescentes. Folia petiolata, digitatim trifoliolata, foliolis 
oblongis acutis 6-9 lin. longis infra pubescentibus supra minute 
Scabridis; stipulæ minute, decidus. Racemi terminales, pauci- 


rostrata. Legumen oblon = sessile, 5-6 lin. longum, poly- 
spermum, dense pubescens 

BRITISH CENTRAL AmRIQA: Between Mpata and the commence- 
ment of the Nyasa-Tanganyika plateau, alt. 2000-3000 ft., Whyte. 


447. Crotalaria karongensis, Vies cde REDE E ad 
C. mazillarem, Klotzsch, magis ace 

Herba perennis. Caules ASSIA En pallide virides, be- 
scentes. Folia longe petiolata, SM trifoliolata, foliolis 
obovatis subacutis tenuibus 1-2’ poll. longis utrinque viridibus 
facie glabris dorso leviter pubescentibus. acemi laxissimi, 
terminales et axillares, 4-6 poll. longi, pedicellis, cernuis pube- 
scentibus ; bractez minute, deciduw. Calyx pubescens, 2-24 lin. 
longus, tubo campanulato, dentibus ovatis vel oblongis tubo 
squilongis. Corolla pallide lutea, calyce duplo longior, vexillo 
dorso pubescente, carina curvata conspicue rostrata. egumen 
oblongum, pubescens, sessile, polyspermum, 6-8 lin. longum. 
= sic CENTRAL AFRICA. Between Kondowe and Karonga, 

yte. 


448. Crotalaria gymnocalyx, Sake a Aen ae Gesn] ; ad 
C. up nns d magis 
Frute. mulis lignosis bob ascendentibus gracilis. 
Folia digitatim Side ne foliolis oblanceolatis obtusis 6-9 lin. 
longis utrinque viridibus obscure pubescentibus, petiolo 3-4 lin. 
longo; stipule decidue, minute. Racemi pauciflori, laxi, 


253 


terminales, pedicellis cernuis pubescentibus calyce brevioribus ; 
ractee minute, decidus. Calyx 3 lin. longus 8, tubo campanulato 
ei 


longis. Corolla lutea, n. longa, vexillo dorso glabro. Ovarium 

stipitatum, lineare, ne Berea muitiovulatum. Legumen ignotum. 

BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Fort Hill, Nyasa-Tanganyika 

panes alt. 3500-4000 ft., and between Mpata and the commence- 
nt of the plateau, alt. "3000-3000 ft., Whyte. 


449. Crotalaria valida, Baker [Leguminose - Geniste eel; ad 
C. rectam, Steud., magis accedit ; recedit legumine oblong 

Frutex erect amt lignosi, dense pubescentes. Folia 
breviter potiolata, digitatim trifoliolata, foliolis oblongis acutis 
basi cuneatis 12-18 lin. longis subcoriaceis facie sparse dorso 
dense pubescentibus ; stipulæ m deciduz. Racemi ter- 
minales, pauciflori, pedicellis 3-4 lin. longis ; asane prs, 
lineares, subcoriaceæ. Calyx ira 6 lin. longus o bre 
dentibus lanceolatis tubo valde longioribus. Tube tea ain 
vexillo luteo-brunneo dorso piloso, carina rostro crasso curvata 

egumen andis, durum, oblongum, oligospermum, dense pilosum, 
9 lin. gps 

BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. 6000-7000 ft. 
Whyte, ‘aud between Kondowe and Karonga, Whyte, 373. 


450. Argyrolobium ? deflexiflorum, Baker [ Leguminose-Geni- 
ste]; a speciebus reliquis adhuc ex Africa tropica missis 
recedit calyce haud bilabiato. 


erba cede e basi ramosissima. Caules graciles, glabri, 
diffusi, intricati. Folia eat petiolata, digitatim trifoliolata, 
foliolis oblanoeolatte obtusis mucronatis utrinque viridibus 


glabris, centrale 9-12 lin. longuri lateralibus minoribus ; stipulæ 
lineares, foliaceæ, persistentes. Racemi densi, globosi, omnes 
axillares, pedunculati, pedicellis brevissimis centralibus et 
inferioribus deflexis; bracteæ subulate, minute. Calyx glaber, 
2 lin. longus, dentibus deltoideis tubo campanulato brevioribus. 
Corolla albo-lilacina, calyce duplo longior, vexillo dorso glabro 
petalis reliquis breviore, carina obtusa egumen sessile, lineare, 
planum, glabrum, oligospermum, 8-9 lin. longum 

BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Fort Hill, Nyasa-Tanganyika 
plateau, alt. 3500-4000 ft., te. 

This has the flattened pod and obtuse keel of Argyrolobium and 
the calyx of Crotalaria, 


451, Argyrolobium leucophyllum, Hover FL Leguminomesen 
ad A. shirensem, Tanhert, magis acced 

ulibus t tib erectus, dense persistente : 

albo-pu ens. Folia breviter petiolata, digitatim trifoliolata, 

foliolis diblonris obtusis integris basi etii 1-2 poll. longis 


facie viridibus obscure pilosis. dorso se persistenter albo- 
pubescentibus ; — Sess — — ntes. Racemi axil- 
lares, longe pedunculati, globosi iflori, pedicellis brevibus 


sericeis ; bracteæ pisoi, ise fag "Calye 4 lin. longus, dense 


254 


pubescens, profunde bilabiatus, dentibus angustis acuminatis 

Corolla pallide lutea, calyce vix longior, vexillo obovato dorso 
iloso. Ovarium multiovulatum, lineare, dense pilosum. 

BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. 6000-7000 ft., 


Whyte, 251 


452. Argyrolobium longipes, N. E. Brown [Leguminose-Genis- 
tee]; A. pumilo Eck. et Zeyh., affine, sed foliis utrinque hirtis 
et peduneulis multo longioribus differt. 

Caules prostrati, ramosi, ramis 3-10 poll. longis, lignescentes, 
appresse pubescentes. Folia petiolata, trifoliolata ; petioli 1-21 lin. 

n. 


longi; foliola 3-7 lin. longa, z lin. lata, elliptica, obtusa, 
mucronulato-apiculata, utrinque appresse pilosa ; stipule 1-2 lin. 
longe, 4-1 lin. late, lanceolate ovato-lanceolate vel ovate, 


r 
foliis oppositi, 2-2 poll. longi, uniflori, appresse pubescentes. 
1 t : 


ves. Calyx 21-4 lin. longus, profunde bilabiatus, appresse 


SOUTH AFRICA. ‘Transvaal: Berea Ridge, Barberton, 3,000 ft., 
February, Galpin, 1305. Natal, without precise locality, Gerrard, 
1764, 1765. 


453. Indigofera lupulina, Baker [Leguminose-Galeges] ; ad 
I. strobiliferam, Hochst., e sectione Capitatarum magis accedit. 

Herba annua, humilis, e basi ramosa, ubique albo-lanosa. Folia 
breviter petiolata, pinnatim trifoliolata, foliolis oblongis obtusis 
2-0 lin. longis basi cuneatis facie breviter dorso longe albo- 
lanosis ; stipulze magna, ovate, acute, membranacese, persistentes. 
Racemi axillares et terminales, oblongi, pedunculati, 9-12 lin. 
longi; bracteæ uniflorz, orbiculares, emarginate, 3 lin. longs et 
late, persistentes, imbricatz,  Caly1lin: longus, tubo brevissimo, 
dentibus setaceis. Corolla calyce 2-3-plo longior. Legumen 
oblongum, dispermum, 2 lin. longum. 

BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Between Kondowe and Karonga, 
Whyte, 336. 


454. Indigofera nyikensis, Baker [Leguminoss-Galeges]; ad 

I. griseam, Baker, e sectione Dissitiflorarum magis accedit, 
Suffrutex gracilis. Ramuli lignosi, pilis appressis albis et 

deorsum setis patulis brunneis vestiti, Folia breviter petiolata, im- 


259 


BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. 6000-7000 ft., 
Whyte, 151. 


455. Indigofera micros pha, Baker [Leguminoss-Galege ee]; ad 
I. nyikensem, Baker, (vide supra) e sectione Dissitiflorarum arcte 
accedit, sed differt setis patulis nullis petalisque minoribus 

Suffrutex gracilis. Ramuli juniores ascendentes, appresse 
albo-pilosi. Folia breviter petiolata, imparipinnata, foliolis 7 
oblanceolatis mucronatis rigidulis 3-4 lin. longis, utrinque pallide 


pi 
EREE Mie "Cal yx albo-pilosus, 2 lin. longus, tubo brevissimo, 
dentibus elongatis lineari-setaceis glanduloso-pilosis. orolla 
rubra, 3 lin. longa, extus pilosa. Ovarium sessile, cylindricum, 
multiovulatum. Legumen igno 

BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Between Mpata and the com- 
mencement of the Nyasa-Tanganyika plateau, alt. 2000-3000 ft., 
Whyte. 


456. Indigofera patula, Baker [Leguminose-Galegen]; ad 
I. pentaphyllam, Linn., e sectione Dissitiflorarum accedit 

Herba perennis, e basi ramosissima. Caules breves, patuli, 
graciles, glanduloso-setos i et appresse albo-pilosi. Folia breviter 
petiolata, imparipinnata, folioli s 7 oblanceolatis mucronatis 3 lin. 
longis, utrinque viridi bu us dense albo-pilosis; stipule setaces. 
Racemi multi, axillares, laxi, propre pedunculati, pedicellis 
cernuis. Cals yc dense „pilosus, 21 lin. longus, tubo brevissimo, 

bus elongatis s Corolla rubra, ies et duplo 

iongior. ears sessile, ar teers multiovulatu 

BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. 6000-1000 ft., 

yte 


VUDS 


457. Indigofera macra, Baker [Leguminosæ-Galegeæ] ; ad J. 
pentaphyllam, Linn. e 8 oe Dissitiflorarum magis accedit. 

Herba erecta, ramosissima. Ramuli gracillimi, eter nn 
juniores appresse ie sees Folia. breviter petiolata, impari 
pinnata, foliolis oblanceolatis mucronatis 2-3 lin. longis irilique 
glaucis appresse albo-pilosis ; stipule setacesz, caduce. Racemi 
laxi, pauciflori, axillares, breviter sees nculati, pedic i eeu 
simis. Calyx 1 lin. longus, dense albo-pilosus, tubo brevissimo, 
dentibus setaceis. Corolla rubra, uhe duplo longior. Layunin 
sessile, cylindricum, polyspermum, dense pilosum, 3 lin. longum. 


BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Between the Songwe river and 
Karonga, alt. 1700-2000 ft., Whyte. 


458, Indigofera (Spheridiophorum) karongensis, Baker [Legu- 
minose-Galegex] ; ad I. terminalem, Baker, magis accedit., 
tex ramosissimus. Ramuli lignosi, argenteo-incani. Folia 
sessilia, foliolis 5 ohiancsolatis chines mucronatis rigidis ais cet 
longis, utrinque dense persistenter albo-pilosis ; stipule se 
Rashi axillares, pauciflori, foliis æquilongi, pedicelli s maana 


256 


incanis. Calyx $ lin. longus, dense albo-pilosus, dentibus deltoideis 
tubo æquilongis. Corolla calyce triplo longior. Legumen sub- 
globosum, 1 lin. diam., dense albo-pilosum, durum, monospermum. 


BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Between Kondowe and Karonga, 
Whyte. 


459. tanpo (Sphæridiophorum) microcalyx, Baker [Legu- 
minosæ-Galegeæ] ; ad I. demissam, Taubert, magis accedit 
Suffrutex exi: Ramuli ii, ramosi, ubique poritisténtol 
albo-incani. Folia breviter petiolata, pinnatim 3-5-foliata, 
foliolis oblanceolatis mucronatis rigidulis utrinque Litt albo- 
pubescentibus ; ; stipule minute, subulate. Racemi numerosi, 
densi, pauciflori, brevissime peduneulati, pedicellis brovistiatis 
pilosis. Calyz : lin. longus, pilosus, dentibus acuminatis tubo 
equilongis. ` Corolla e peser n — Hans Act sessile, 
gubglobosum, monospermum, pilosum, 1 lin. 1 : 


BRITISH CENTRAL boe ge Wyasa hdi Whyte. 


460. Indigofera fusco-setosa, Baker [Leguminose-Galegee ] ; 

I. trachyphyllam, Benth. e sectione Simplicifoliarum dh 
accedit. 

Herba perennis, erecta. Caules pilis albis araneosis et setis 
atro-brunneis patulis vestiti. Folia subsessilia, vires lineari- 
oblonga, 15-2 poll. longa, obtusa, basi rotundata , utrinque sparse 
pilosa, facie saturate viridia, dorso pallida. Racemi axillares, 
longe "peduneulati, densi, oblongi vel oblo ci 2-3 poll. 
longi, rhachi dense setosi, pedicellis brevibus; bractez lineares. 
Calyx brunneus, dense setosus, 3 lin. longus, tubo brevi, dentibus 
setaceis tubo valde longioribus. Corolla atro-purpurea, vues 
paulo longior. Legumen sessile, jorge oligospermum, 4 lin 
longum, ex turgidis brunneis setosi 

BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. anka plateau, alt. 6000-7000 ft. 
and between Kondowe se Karonga, Whyte. 


461. Indigofera lonchocarpifolia, Baker [ Leguminose-Galegex | ; 
ad I. rhynchocarpam, Welw., e sectione Tinctoriarum magis 
accedit. 

Suffrutex, Ó— EX uus Mec aes Folia petiolata 
imparipinnata, 8 7 oppositis oblongis acutis petiolulatis 


obscure pubsecs anms: stipule magne, poanion, caducæ, e basi 
lata setaceæ. Racemi axillares, multiflori, pedunculati, foliis 
æquilongi, pedicellis brevibus glabris. Calyx obliquus, brunneus, 
1 lin. longus, parce pilosus, dentibus parvis obtusis. Corolla albo- 
brunnea, 4 lin. longa. Ovarium sessile, lineare, multiovulatum. 

BRITISH CENTRAL Worm Fort Hill, Nyasa-Tanganyika 
plateau, alt. 3500-4000 ft., Whyte. 


462. as piper Baker Escher pn 
ad I. Spachii, Baker, e sectione Tinctoriarum magis ac 

Suffrutez grdeitis. Ramuli juniores copiose stat lion, pilis 
appressis. Folia breviter petiolata, imparipinnata, foli olis 9 


251 


oblanceolato-oblongis obtusis mucronatis 5-6 lin. longis facie 
viridibus parce E E pallidis dense albo-pilosis ; stipule 
Setaces. Racer multi, axillares, densi, multiflori, 
pedunculati, peditcais in et rhachi atro-brunneo-pubes- 
centibus. Calyx 2 lin. longus, atro-brunneus, pubescens, tubo 
brevissimo, dentibus setaceis. Corolla brunnea, calyce triplo 
longi Legumen sessile, lineare, pilosum, polyspermum, 5 lin. 
ongum. 
"RAE CENTRAL AFRICA. Masuku plateau, alt. 6500-7000 ft., 
yte. 


463. Tephrosia (Reineria) dissitiflora, Baker ose, vasa 
= E) ; x s en phophyllam, Welw., magis ac 

Herba per Caules graciles, glabri. Piin pinnatim 
3-5- ioe. foliolis lanceolatis subcoriaceis 24-3 poll. longis 
obtusis mucronatis utrinque appresse breviter vabescéntibut: 
stipule minute, lanceolate. Racemi axillares, AD longe 
M 3-10 oom longi, pedicellis brevibus bracte 

neares. Calyx 2 lin. longus, dense Seinen: dentibus 

lanceolatis vel ovato-lanceolatis More longioribus. Corolla 4 lin. 
longa, vexillo dorso dense piloso. Legumen lineare, pubescens 
rectum, votysparidin, 21 poll. 

BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Mount Zomba and Mount Malosa, 
alt. 4000-6000 ft., Whyte. 


464. Tephrosia (Reineria) zombensis, Baker [Leguminose- 
Galegew]; foliis et floribus 7’. Vogelii, Hook. fil., similis, sed 
calycis dentibus "rcge tubo valde longioribus dissimilis. 

Fruler ramulis lignosis pilis albidis dense vestitus. Folia 
breviter petiolata, 2-3 poll. longa, foliolis 11-15 oblongis obtusis 

j-2 poll. longis facie viridibus glabris dorso albido-sericeis ; 
stipute ovate, dorso dense pilose. «cem densi, subglobosi, 
pedunculati, terminales ; ; picem lanceolate, pubescentes. Calyx 
dense pilosus, 4 lin. longus, dentibus acuminatis tubo valde 
longioribus. Corolla rubra, calyce duplo longior, vexillo orbi- 
-culari dorso sericeo. Ovarium lineare, pilosum, multiovulatum. 
Legumen maturum ignotum. 

BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Mount Zomba, alt. 4000-6000 ft., 
Whyte. 


465. Tephrosia (Reineria) nyikensis, ete [ Leguminose-Gale- 
gee]; ad T. huillensem, Welw., magis accedit. 
Frutex P ETENE s. Ramuli feta ursum dense pilosi. 
Folia breviter petiolata, sem ipedalia, foliolis 11-13 coriaceis 
LI obtusis mucronat is 15-2 poll. longis facie viridibus 
glabris dorso dense pubescentibus ; sb pales lanceolate, pubescentes. 
Rabii densi, breves, sæpissime terminales ; bracteæ ovatæ, pubes- 
centes. Calyx 4 lin. longus, dense pilosus, dentibus lanceolatis 
acuminatis tubo multo longioribus. Corolla calyce duplo longior, 
vexillo dorso dense sericeo. Legumen lineare, polyspermum ; 

2 poll. longum, pilosum, stylo applanato. 
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. 6000-7000 ft., 
yte, 


258 


466. DAI (Reineria) periculosa, paci ME 
geo]; ad T. huillensem, Welw., magis a 

Frutex 6-pedalis. Ramuli molliter jos Folia breviter 
petiolata, M poll. longa., foliolis 17-19 oblongis obtusis 15-18 
lin. longis utrinque dense —— ; Stipulae ovate, pilose. 
Racemi decal; breves, pedunculati, omnes terminales; bractes 
ovate, dense pubescentes. Calyx 6 lin. longus, dense brunneo- 
pilosus, dente infimo lanceolato tubo valde longiore, dentibus 
reliqnis brevioribus aed Corolla rubra, pollicaris, vexillo 
dorso den Legur lineare, psp polyspermum ; 
ii ees ph eue vel detta pubescen 

RITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Between Kondow and Karonga, 

Whe yte, 324. Used by the natives as a fish- -pois 


467. Tephrosia (Reineria) melanocalyx, Baker [Weguminose- 
Galegez]; ad T. huillensem, Welw., magis accedit 


Suffrutex, ramulis angulatis Hee dense persistent fulvo- 
pubescentibus. Folia breviter petiolata, pinnatim 3-5-foliolata, 
.foliolis oblanceolatis obtusis Hari 11-2 poll. longis facie 
sparse dorso dense pubescentibus ; ; stipulæ Linens, pubescentes. 
Racemi subdensi, 2-4 poll. longi, terminales et axillares ; bractez 
lineares, pubescentes. P Cali yx breviter Vase ellatus, 4 lin. longus, 
pilis atro-brunneis vaio vestitus, dentibus acuminatis tubo valde 
longioribus. Corolla purpurea, 6 lin. ue. vexillo dorso dense 
pubescente. best cylindricum, ias bw multiovula- 
tum ; stylus applanatus, basi solum pubese 


BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Near Fort an Nyasa-Tanganyika 
plateau, alt. 3500-4000 ft., Whyte. 


ce px anie Galpini, N. E. Brown [Leguminose-Galeges ]; 
M. tenelle, Benth., eng gracilior, et foliis angustioribus 
gietfoltigo Tengiotbus diffe 
Caules e basi ramosi, 3-10 di alti, herbacei, filiformes, glabri 
vel pilis minutis paucissimis instructi. Foliorwm simplicium 
petioli 2-3 lin. longi ; lamin 6-16 lin. longs, : atæ, lineares, 
acute, mucronate, basi leviter angustatze, utrinque pilis appressis 
bifurcis, iis Indigoferarum, nisi quod crura furce inequalia sint, 
similibus, sparse instructz ; ; stipule subulate, 1-2 lin. longs. 
Racemi 14-35 poll. iongi, filiformes, glabri, floribus 3-7 distantibus 
parvis Piu ; bractez 2 lin. longs, setacez ; pedicelli filiformes, 
14-2) lin. longi. Calycis tubus À lin. lon ngus, pilis appressis 


j ehn affixis pubescens ; dentes 1 lin. longi, subulati. Corolla 
glabra, rubra; vexillum "M T longum, 1} lin. latum, late 
obovatum, obtusissimum ; 2} lin. longe, fere 1 lin m 


recta, acuminata. Legumen = lin. longum, 3 lin. latum, tients: 
4-6-sper rmum. 

SOUTH AFRICA. Transvaal : summit of Saddleback Mountain, 
near Barberton, 5000 ft., March, 1891, Galpin, 1315. 

This is the first species of Microcharis that has been found 

south of the tropic. 


259 


469. Aischynomene (Ochopodium) sparsiflora, Baker [Leguminose- 
Hedysarex]; ad Æ. pulchellam, Planch., habitu magis accedit ; 
recedit floribus magnis sepissime solitariis. 

Herba humilis, perennis, e basi ramosa. Caules erecti, gracillimi, 
sursum pubescentes. Folia breviter petiolata, foliolis 4—5-jugis 
oblongis obtusis ig lin. longis pubescentibus vel glabrescentibus, 
petiolo seta terminato; stipule oblong, acute, magne vh 
cene ds ee i. Pedunculi axillares, breves, seepissime uniflor 
Cal yc 3-4 lin. longus, pubescens, tubo brevissimo, labiis o oblongis 
obtusis. lorte flava, glabra, 6 lin. longa. Ovarium cylindricum, 
pubescens, biovu atum ; ; Stylus brevis incurvatus. Legumen 
maturum ignotum. 

BRITISH NH AFRICA. Nyika petet, alt. 6000—7000 ft., 
Whyte, 256; between Mpata and the mencement of the 
Nyasa-Tanganyika plateau, alt. 2000-3000 f Whyte. 


470. Aschynomene demi peer nyikensis, Vergi Miseni 
pour ]; ad Æ. mimosefoliam, Vatke, magis 

Frutex 4—6-pedalis. Ramuli lignosi, recti, teretes, sursum 
a o ra „Folia subsessilia, 3-4 lin. longa, foliolis 


culam amplam terminalem aggregati ; bracteæ lanceolatæ, coriaces, 
persistentes. Calyx 4 lin. longus, labio inferiore oblongo apice 
Eid eniato qom superiore longiore. Corolla lutea, glabra, 6 lin. 
ga. Legumen glabrum, breviter stipitatum, articulis 2 planis 
dii ME 4 lin. longis. 
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. 6000-7000 ft., 
a common showy shrub, Whyte. 


471. Mschynomene dissitiflora, Baker TOR i 
inter sectiones Huwschynomenen et Ochopodium medium tenens ; 
estipulis ad priorem, e habitu et fructu ad eeepc jinen, 


Fruticosa ramulis teretibus lignosis surs pubescentibus 
gracilis. Folia breviter petiolata, dan paces s 10 jugis lineari- 
oblongis 4-5 lin. longis apice obtusis emarginatis mucronatis ; 
stipulae magne, lanceolate, coriacez y Hifl insertionem producta. 


bracteis 2 ovatis coriaceis  persistentibus ost na Calyx 
pubescens, 2 lin. longus, labiis aie inferiore majore. Corolla 
lutea, glabra, 5 lin. longa. Legumen ag iion stipitatum, glabrum, 
anA L2 ara i pa 14-2 lin. 

BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. ka $55 Nyasa-Tanganyika 
plateau, alt. 3500-4000 ft., Whyte. 


472. Smithia (Kotschya) iy bed Baker Ps, Peer css cand 
sarem];a ad S. recur vifoliam, Taub magis 

ramosus, Ramuli assu peras dense pubes- 
centes. Folia subsessilia, foliolis 4-jugis lan anceolatis mucronatis 
recurvatis rigide coriaceis 3-4 lin. longis, rhachi decurvato in 


14538 B 


260 


setam desinente ; stipule ovato-lanceolate, rigide coriaceæ, per- 
sistentes. Racemi pauciflori, axillares, congesti, breviter pedun- 
Ven rhachi setis stramineis magnis przedito. Calyx tubulosus, 

. longus 8, strigosus, tubo brevi, enie supremo oblanceolato 


r 
c Vae. persistentes, ad basin calycis appresse. Corolla lutea, 
6 lin. 1 onga. Ovarium pubescens, torulosum, biovulatum ; stylus 
M incurvatus. Legumen maturum ignotum 

BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Masuku plateau, alt. 6500-7000 ft., 
Whyte 


473. Smithia (Kotschya) rh ge tr Baker x ume 
Hedysares] ; ad S. recurvifoliam, Taubert, magis accedit. 
rutex, ramis lignosis teretibus dense pubes ns. * Folia sub- 
sessilia, falcata, 6 lin. longa, foliolis 8-9-jugis lanceolatis recurvatis 
rigide gr cta 2 lin. longis imbricatis oblique mucronatis ; 
rve, lanceolate, infra insertionem haud product 
Racemi pauciflori, axillares, breviter pedunculati, rhachi setis luteis 
magnis strigosi; bracteæ ovate, co riacee, persistentes. Calyx 
pubescens, 3 lin. lon née labiis oblongis obtusis, superiore majore ; 
bracteolz ovate, persistentes. Corolla lutea, glabra, calyce duplo 
longior. Ovarium pibesddns biovulatum. Legumen maturum 
ignotum. 
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Between Kondowe and Karonga, 
Whyte. 


414. = (Kotschya) cma. Wal Sis [Leguminose- 
Hedysaree] ; ad S. Mittit ‘am, Welw., magis accedit. 

d teretes, recti, rsum pube RE "Folia breviter 
petiolata, 9—21 lin. longa, foliolis 9-10-jugis dimidiato-oblongis 
-1 lin. longis rigide coriaceis imbricatis; stipulae parv®, 
lanceolate, caduce, infra insertionem haud productw. Flores 
in capitn tulis — globosis axillaribus breviter pM 

æ persistentes, ovato-lanceolate ; ex et rhachi 
aes Iuteis tigos. Calyx 2 -3 lin in a strigosus, labiis Has 


olæ 2 ovatæ, coriaceæ, pers ad basin appressæ. 
Cor des lutea, cale duplo longior, Venio poten pn glabro. 
Ovarium pubesc ns, biovulatum. Legumen maturum igno 


BRITISH ban AFRICA. Between Kondowe me Karonga, 
Whyte. 


GER a drepanocephala, Baker Jedem Hedy- 

æ]; a cristatam, Wight et Arn., magis a i 

erba nnis, erecta, glabra. Rami adici ascendentes, 
teretes, Folia breviter petiolata, pinnata vel digitata, foliolis 
sepissime bijugis obovatis emarginatis 9-12 lin. longis, petiolo in 
cirrho minuto setiformi terminata; stipulæ magnæ, ovatæ, sub- 
coriaceæ, basi inæqualiter auriculate. Racemi axillares, breviter 
pedunculati, oblongi, deflexi, pedicellis brevibus; brac te 
imbricatz, persistentes, orbiculares, emarginate, complicate, 
9-6 lin. longs e et late, margine haud ciliate. Calyx minutus, 
labiis ovatis. Legumen dispermum, bractea brevius, deme 
planis 2 lin. latis. 


261 


BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. 6000-7000 ft., 
and between Mpata and the commencement of the Nyasa-Tangan- 
yika plateau, alt. 2000-3000 ft., Whyte. 


476. Lathyrus intricatus, Baker [Loguminose:Vicien] : ; ad L. 
kilimandscharicum, Taubert, arcte acce 


Caules cient graciles, angulati, adolescentes glabri, Leer 
obscure pubescentes. Folia breviter petiolata, foliolis unijugis 
linearibus vel ee olatis glabris 14-2 poll. longis : iile 6 sagit- 
hend lanceolatze, auriculis linearibus; cirrhus terminalis, elongatus 
tortuosus. Flores 1-2-ni, pedunculis brevibus, pedicellis pubes- 
aeei calyce brevioribus; bracteæ 3-4, lanceolate, ségregate, 
persistentes. a x 3 lin. longus, perai Tnsioabldtia rem 
tubo campanu eei wquilongis. Corolla rubra, 4-5 lin. longa. 
Pai repe le eds um, glabrum, 12-18 li n. longum, 2 lin. latum, 
6—9-sp g7 apicem attenuatum ; ; SGT subulatus, rectus vel 
SUPUACUR, z lia 1 


BRITISH ae AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. 5000-6000 ft. ; 
Masuku plateau, alt. 6500-7000 ft. ; Fort Hill, N yasa-Tanganyika 
plateau, and between Mpata and the commencement of the Nyasa- 
Tanganyika plateau, alt. 3000 ft., Whyte. 


477. Lathyrus omer Baker [Leguminose -Viciee]; ab 
L. kilimandscharico, Taubert, et a hygrophilo, Taubert, recedit 
pedunculo foliolis longiore 1-4-flor 

Caules graciles, angulati, E glabri, superne leviter 
pilos Folia sessilia, foliolis linearibus unijugis 1 poll. longis ; 
stipulæ lineares, deflexæ ; cirrhus terminalis, elongatus, contortus. 
ce 15-2 poll. longi, 1—4-flori ; bractez nulla vel decidue ; 

celli pubescentes, calyce breviores. Calyx 2 lin. longus, tubo 


Petala rubella; vexillum obovatum, 4 lin. ug Sus Legumen 
lineare, glabrum, 3—4-spermum, 1 poll. longum, 2 lin. latum, ad 
apicem sensim attenuatum ; stylus brevis, incurvatus. 


BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Mount Malosa, near Zomba, 
4,000-6,000 ft., Whyte. 


78. Vigna malosana, Baker [Legumi MM lg ad 
V. angivensem, Baker, madagascariensem, arcte accedit 


Herba perennis. Caules breves, graciles, bled glabri. 
Folia breviter petiolata, pinnatim trifoliolata, foliolo terminali 
parvo stipellato ovato vel ovato-lanceolato utrinque viridi glabro ; 
stipule ovate, persistentes, basi auriculati. Pedunculi elongati, 
1-2-flori, pedicellis brevibus; bracteole persistentes, ad calyce 
appresse. Calyx glaber, 2 lin longus, tubo campenulato, dentibus 
acutis parvis inequalibus. Corolla 7 lin. longa, vexillo ru 
glabro, carina pallida curvata obtusa. Legumen lineare, glabrum, 
polyspermum. 

BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Mount Malosa, near Zomba, 

alt. 4000-6000 ft., Whyte. 


14538 B2 


262 


479. Dolichos trinervatus, - Propano TRE ad 
D. erectum, Baker fil., magis accedit 

Herba 3-pedalis, erecta. rs unt uli virgati, graciles, terete 
pubescentes. J^ olia pinnatim trifoliolata, breviter petiolata, foliolis 


l 

trinervatis utrinque pubescentibus; stipulæ parvæ, caduc 
Racemi axillares et terminales, breves, densi, multiflori, pedicellis 
T 2 lin. longis ; bractez ‘lanceolate, sericee. Calyx pilosus, 

n. longus, dentibus acuminatis tubo campanulato longioribus. 
Corolla $ lin. longa, rubro-lilacina, vexillo 5-6 lin. diam. dorso 
onsen Legumen lineare, pilosum, rectum, paucispermum, | poll. 

um. 

RITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Between the Songwe River and 
M ped a, alt. 1700-2000 ft., Whyte. Shire Highlands, Buchanan, 
(1881 oeth 406. 


480. Dolichos malosanus, Baker eg oes Phaseoles] ; 
D. erectum, Baker fil., magis accedi 

Frutex erecta. Ramuli lignosi, dense pubescentes. Folia 
longe petiolata, pinnatim trifoliolata, foliolis ovatis vel oblongis 
acutis basi late rotundatis 14-2 poll. longis utrinque pilosis ; 
stipula nulle ve] cito caduce. Racemi subdensi, terminales, 


«do 
bracteole subulate. Calyx campanulatus, dense pilosus, 2 lin. 
longus, dentibus parvis deum Corolla. faturale purpurea, 9 lin. 
t 


ie cylindricum, 54 yi pilosum, pauciovulatum ; stylus 
ate 


BRITISH anes AFRICA. Mount Malosa, near Zomba, 
alt, 4000-6000 ft., Whyte. 


481. Dolichos ee pe [Leguminosx-Phaseolee | ; 
ad D. azxillarem, E. Mey., et D. formosum, A. Rich., magis 
accedit. 

Herba volubilis. Caules graciles, dense breviter pubescentes. 
Sieg petiolata, pinnatim  trifoliolata, foliolis membranaceis 

sies pilosis, foliolo =e ovato acuto 13-2 poll. longo. 


yOS®, 
iei enda Pr 3 lin. eee dee infimo qiue rot 


at ior 
purpurea, calyce duplo longior, vexillo obovato dorso glabro. 
T ES eite curvatum, planum, glabrum, polyspermum, 
po ngu 
m n CENTRAL AFRICA. Masuku plateau, alt. 6500-7000 ft., 
yte, 2 


482, Rhynchosia (Cyanospermum) floribunda, Baker [Legumi- 
nose-Phasedlee] ; ad R. calycinam, Guill. et Perr., magis accedit. 
Caules lignosi, sarmentosi, juniores pilis sepe glanduliferis 
dense pubescentes, Folia distincte petiolata, pinnatim trifoliolata, 


263 


a —— obtusis integris sparse pubescentibus e basi ad 
me ervatis, terminali obovato 2-3 poll. longo; stipula 
aactor ie vends Pedunculi lignosi, axillares, elongati, furcati, 
Racemi densi, 2-4 poll. ries pedicellis calyce vix tonno dense 
glanduloso- -pubescen ntibus; bractee magne, , pubescentes, 
Cali yo, flore expanso, 4 lin. longus, dense deis -pubescen 
dentibus obtusis tub Corolla saturate 
eei a, onte leviter pubescens, calyce dimidio eal Legumen 
lineari-oblongum, dispermum, pubescens, 6 lin. longum. 


BRITISH CENTRAL wc Fort Hill, Nest atten gills 
latest, alt. 3500-4000 ft., Why 


483. Rhynchosia nyasica, Baker | ana ae ad 
R. splendentem, Schweinf., et R. Memnoniam, DC., accedit 

Caules erecti, graciles, ignon, pilis reflexis haud pue 
dense pubescentes, Folia petiolata, pinnatim trifoliola ata, sub- 
coriacea, utrinque dense pubescentia, foliolo terminali cordato- 
orbiculari integro subacuto 12-18 lin n. longo et Dem stipule 
parva, lanceolate. Racemi axillares, laxi, subsessiles, pauciflori, 
rhachibus dense pubescentibus, pedicellis brevissimis ; bractes 


a 
Taticeolato tubo equi uilongo, dentibus superioribus connatis 
brevioribus. Corolla 6 lin. cate vexillo pubescente flavido 
venis longitudinalibus nigris percurso. Ovarium cylindricum, 
pilosum, pauciovulatum ; ; stylus elongatus, incurvatus. Legumen 


BRITISH CENTRAL APRIO. Between Kondowe and Karonga, 
alt. 2000-6000 ft ' 


484. Rhynchosia imbricata, Baker [Leguminoss-Phaseoles] ; 
ad R. Memnoniam, DC., magis accedit. 

Caules recti, lignosi, pi ilis pareit patentibus hand glandu- 
liferis dense persistenterque pilosi. Folia breviter petiolata, 
pinnatim trifoliolata, foliolis imbrisatis cordato-orbicularibus 
cuspidatis integris utrinque pubescentibus, he sag you Len 

olatze ares, 


longo et lato; stipule parvae, lance cemi 

dense pubescentes, superiores elongati multiflori, Lene 
breves pauciflori ; pedicelli d : p rve, lanceo- 
late. Calyx dense pubescens, gus, tubo campanula 
dentibus ovato-acuminatis tubo sea brevioribus rolla 6 lin. 
longa, vexillo pubescente flavo-viridi ien longitudinalibus 
atropurpureis apice anastomosantibus percurso. Ovarium cylin- 


dricum, dense pubescens, puciovulatum | stylus longus, incur- 
vatus, glaber. Legumen igno 

BRITISH CENTRAL AFRI Between Mpata and the 
commencement of the ren Tuscany) ika plateau, alt. 2000- 


3000 ft., Whyte. 


485. Rhynchosia nyikensis, Baker [Login aet ee) 
ad R. ferrugineam, A. Rich., magis acce 

Caules lignosi, graciles, sarmentosi, superne pilis lete brunneis 
raro apice glanduliferis dense pubescentes. Folia distincte 


264 


Ec pinnatim  trifoliolata, facie saturate "viridia, sparse 
pubescentia, dorso dense pubescentia, foliolo terminali ovato 
dps acuto 18-21 lin. longo ; sti pul parva, ovate. Racemi 
densi, multiflori, pedunculati, terminales et jasoa lan rhachibus 
dense pubescentes, pedicellis brevibus ; bracteæ magnæ, obovato- 
cuspidatæ, pubescentes. Calyx dense ziii cas 5-6 lin. longus, 
dentibus insqualibus lanceolatis tubo equilongis vel paulo 
longioribus. Corolla calyce paulo longior, vexillo rubro dorso 
pubescente, Ovarium dense pilosum, tie aia stylus 
elongatus, incurvatus, pubescens. Legumen ignotum 

BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. 6000- 7000 ft., 
and between Mpata and the Nyasa-Tanganyika plateau, alt. 2000- 
3000 ft., Whyte. 


486. Rhynchosia raaa, Baker [Leguminosæ-Phaseoleæ] ; 
ad FR. viscosam, DC., magis accedit 
Caules graciles, EB sursum EST brevibus ssepe glanduli- 


feris dense pubescentes. Folia petiolata, pinnatim trifoliolata, 
facie viridia sparse pubescentia, dorso albida dense pubescentia, 
foliolo terminali ovato acuto integro poll. longo; stipulz 


parva, lanceolate. . Panicule ample, laxee, terminales, ramis 

ense glanduloso-p racemis paucifloris, pedicellis infimis 
calyci equilongis ; ; bracteze æ parvas ,ovate, caducesz. Calyx 3 lin. 
longus, dense pubescens, dentibus lanceolatis tubo campanulato 


pubescente deb pote o albo Hegre Ovarium dense pilosum. 

Finan 1} p ongum, dense pilo ilos 

us Kein AFRICA, Ny PC. alt. 6000-7000 ft., 
i; 


487. Tagnehosia. "crap ed Baker TUNIS Phase - 
oleæ] ; ad R. viscosam, DC., et R. caribæam, DO., accedit 

Caules eH graciles, pilis appressis haud gandalf 
pubescentes. Folia longe petiolata, pinnatim trifoliolata, foliolis 
ovatis integris pubescentibus 1-2 poll. Enpe stipulæ pubescentes, 
lanceolatæ, persistentes. Racemi axillar ensi, pauciflori, 
duncan pedicellis brevissimis; bra cues lanceolatz, calyce 
breviores. erar dense pubescens, 3 lin. longus, tubo, campan- 

ulato, dente infimo lanceolata tubo equilongo, dentibus reliquis 
icc lian ges ibus. Corolla calyce duplo longior, rubro- 


urpurea, ve 
ced andi cylindricum, pubescens,  pauciovulatum ; stylus, 
longus, incurvatus, apice penicillatus. Legumen ignotum. 

. BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. 6000-7000 ft., 
common, Whyte, 211. 


488. Eriosema eryptanthum, Baker [Leguminose-Phaseoles] ; 
inter E. cajanoides, Hook, fil, et E. montanum, Baker 
medium tenens. 

Frutex ramulis lignosis rectis dense persistenter albido-pubes- 

cens. Folia breviter petiolata, ascendentia, digiiatim trifoliolata, 
foliolis oblanceolato-oblongis acutis e medio ad basin sensim 


205 


angustatis, gi pe facie dorsali elevatis, foliolo terminali 18-21 
lin. longo, lateralibus minoribus; stipule .magns, lineares. 
Racemi Ani epè densi, subglobosi, foliis ascendentibus occulti ; 
pedicelli brevissimi ; bracteæ lineares, pubescentes. Calyx pube- 
scens, 3 lin. longus, dentibus deltoideis tubo cam he 
equilongis. Corolla calyce el longior. Ovarium oblong 
cylindricum, pubescens, biovulatum. Legumen ignotum 

BRrTISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Plateau of Mount Tobi, alt. 
5000-6000 ft., Whyte. 

489. Berlinia yey Baker LLeguminose:- One ninien] ad 
B. angolensem, 

Arbor erecta. ida lignosi, iud glabri. Folia distincte 
petiolata, foliolis 3-4-j jugis —— oblongis obtusis €. 
glabris 25—41 poll. longis. Panicule dense, terminales, ra 
fufeeloribus ail lioc bul et ramulis a pubesce entes ; AAE E 
ekovata, cucullatæ, coriaceæ, persistentes, 4 lin. longæ, brunneo- 
velutinæ. Calyx abortivus. Petala subæqualia, angusta, un- 
Mee fidotedits breviora. Stamina petalis valde longiora. 
sinn ium oblongum, dense pilosum, pauciovulatum, stipite brevi 
rasso ; stylus elongatus. L jumen igno otum. 

ums CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. 6000—7000 ft., 
Whyt 


490. Parinarium (Sarcostegia) floribundum, Baker BE saec 
Chrysobala new]; ad P. polyandrum, Benth., magis acc 

Arbor ramulis validis lignosis glabra. Folia Dreviter m 
oblonga, obtusa, 4—5 poll. lon nga, coriacea, basi rotundata, utrinque 
glabra, facie nitida griseo-viridia, dorso di ia nicule 
corymbos:e, terminales et laterales, densz, 4—6 voll. late, pediculis 
erectis crassis glabris. ee dde tubus turbinatus 2 lin. longus, 
haud gibbosus, intus soli ; limbi segmenta benri 2 lin. 
longa at lata, valde desig exteriora glabra, d S marginibus 
incana. Petala orbicularia, ee vix xat tia. Stamina per- 
multa, antheris oblongis parvis, filamentis contortis 5-6 lin. 
longis. Ovarium dense ak: stylus elongatus, contortus. 
Fr iie d 

BRI RAL AFRICA. Fort Hill Nyasa-Tanganyika 
visto. pon 3500. 4000 ft., Whyte. 


491. Crassula Lure Baker [Crassulacee]; ad C. ptit: 
oidem, Britten, magis accedit. 

Herba perennis, e bell valde ramosa. Folia rosularum sterilium 
obovato-cuneata, carnosa, viridia, sessilia, 4 lin. longa, facie glabra, 
ni s setis albis dense ciliata, Caules floriferi 2-4 poll. 
longi, ad apicem foliis reductis oppositis decussatis præditi. 
Flo es in eymas dichotomas compositas dense congesti. Sepala 5, 
carnosa, glabra, lanceolata, } lin. longa, marginibus haud ciliata. 
Petala oblanceolata, obtusa, alba, sepalis gesqui-longiora. Stamina 
petalis breviora, perii: parvis purpureis globosis. Carpella 
staminibus equilong 

BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Highest ridges of the. Nyika 
Mounisins, alt. 7500 ft., on bare gneiss and granite rocks, Whyte. 


266 


492, Crassula — "eid [Crassulacee]; ad C. abyssi- 
nicam, A. Rich., magis acc 


Herba perennis, humilis, e basi ramosa. E VOUS breves, 
cespitosi. Fo oe crebra, i Sita, basi connata, ascendentia, 
lanceolata, obtusa, 6-9 lin. longa, utrinque ‘albo hispida, mar- 

ginibus setis albidis ciliata. ` Caules Jloriferi breves, graciles, eron 
pubescentes, foliis 1-2-jugis valde reductis solum præditi. Cym 
plures, in panieulam parvam thyrsoideam aggregate ; pedicelli 
breves, pubescentes. Calyx $ lin. longus, segmentis 5 lanceolatis 
pubescentibus. Petala lanceolata, calyce duplo longiora. Stamina 
petalis breviora, antheris globosis minutis. Capella staminibus 
sequilon 


BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA, Rocks of Mount Zomba, alt. 4000- 
6000 ft., Whyte. 


493. Kalanchoe flammea, RA [ Crassulaceae] ; No 
K. glaucescénti, Britten, sed foliis brevioribus brevius pedia 
cellatis, calycis segmentis liberis vel subliberis, voti tubi et 

rum proportione diversa 


Perennis circiter 14 ped. dE glaberrima. Caulis parce ramosus, 
crebre foliatus. Folia obovato-oblon nga, obtusa, abrupte vel sensim 
in petiolum attenuata, intermedia majora, circiter 2 poll. longa, 
lj-1j poll. lata, vix glauca, crasse carnosa, integra vel obscure 
repando-erenata ; petioli 4 poll. longi, 1-1 poll. lati. Cymae in 
corymbum densum, 3-34 poll. latu ju dispositae; pedunculi 
2-4 poll. longi; rami inferiores 14-3 poll. longi; peđicelli 
2-3 lin. longi. Bractee lineares, Sbetarsealée ad 2 lin. longae, 
cadues. Flores 4-meri. Cal yx ad basin partitus, segmentis 
liberis vel basi tenuissime connexis angustis lineari-lanceolatis 
acutiusculis “Be! lin. longis. Corollae tubus 4-angulus, 44-5 lin. 
ongus, flavescens ; lobi ovati, acuti vel cuspidati, 34-4 lin. longi, 
7 ee lin. lati, Porn Ad. Glandule lineares, 1 lin. longs. 

arpella. 3 lin. longa ; styli 1 lin. longi. 


BRITISH EAST AFRICA. Somaliland, Miss Cole, (Cult, in horto 
Kewensi). 


494, Trichocladus malosanus, ae dio. acsi ad T. ellip- 
ticum, Eckl. et Zeyh., magis acced 


Arbor, ramulis lignosis apice albo-incanis. Folia alterna, 
breviter petiolata, oblonga, integra, subacuta, 2-3 poll. longa, 
subcoriacea, facie glabra, dorso albido-incana. Flores poigna 


yx parvus, campanu latus, pilis stellatis brunneis perf en 
dentibus 5 rA obtusis. Petala 5, subulata, falcata, glabra, 
brunnea, 3—4 lin. longa. Stamina brevia, filamentis latis brevis- 
simis, antheris valva laterali dehiscentibus. Ovarium 2-loculare, 
ovulis solitariis pendulis ; styli breves. Fructus ignotus. 
TISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Mount Malosa, alt. 4000-6000 ft., 


BRI 
Whi aas This iacet adds a curious Cape genus to the flora of 
Tropical Afri 


267 


495. Weihea = Baker [Rhizophores] ; ad W. africanam, 

Benth., arcte a 
ips. ram ies d sursum leviter pilosis. Folia breviter 

petiolata, opposa, oblonga, obtusa, subcoriacea, inciso-crenata, 
facie glabra, dorso ad costam pubescentia. Flores 1-2-ni, 
axillares et Bente pedicellis brevibus pilosis. Calyx 3 lin, 
longus, parce Bonus tubo brevi, lobis 5 ovato- IUe Petal 
calyce paulo longiora, angusta, unguiculata, apice laciniata, 
Stamina circiter 20, calyci qum antheris Selong parvis, 
filamentis subulatis glabris. Ovarium globosum, basi ad calycem 
adnatum; stylus staminibus æquilongus, subulatus. Fructus 
ignotus. 

BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Mount Malosa, near Zomba, 
alt. 4000-5000 ft., Whyte. 


496. Cacoucia Barteri, Hemsley [Combretaceæ] ; a C. paniculata, 
Laws., foliis tenuibus longiuscule petiolatis floribus minoribus 
recedit 

Rani floriferi graciles, glabri. Folia subopposita, fere mem- 
onp glabra, oblonga, circiter semipollicaria, acute acuminata, 
basi rotundata. Racemi graciles, flexuosi, atque flores pubescentes, 
pedicellis brevibus; bracteze angusts, quam flores breviores, cito 
deeidus. Flores abbtfüe staminibus exsertis circiter 9 lin. lo ongi, 
fere debe cu paniculata, Laws. in Oliver's Fl. Trop. Afr. 1 

p. 434, pa 

"Weser Sc HR AFRICA. Onitsha, Barter, 1857. 


497. Eugenia (Syzygium) masukuensis, Baker [Myrtaceae] ; inter 
E. owariensem Beauv., et E. cordatam, Laws., medium ens. 
Arbor mulis ‘ae nate 4-angulatis giabri is. Folia 
breviter ' petiolata, oblonga, acuta, crassa, rigide coriacea, 2-3 poll. 
onga, basi late "edem —— glabra, venulis immersis. 


globos m 2- ; 
diam. aggreg gate. “Cal wy Soe obconicus, brunneus, glaber, 
lin. longus, dentibus parvis semiorbieular ibus. Stamina 
calyce breviora. Petala oblonga, calyce br 
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. ae plateau, alt 6500- 
7000 ft., Whyte 


498. Dissotis Whytei, ae: feet ad D, john- 
proce ees fil., arcte a t. 

Fru ramulis li is P pue scabris sulcatis validus. 
Folia pee petiolata, blond. acuta, 3 poll. longa, basi late 
rotundata, e basi ad apicem 5-nervia, facie viridia scabra, dorso 
flavo-viridia etiam scabra. Cyme ge apices ramulorum in 
panieulam parvam congeste; bracteæ cito decidue ; pedicelli 
brevissimi, scabri. Calycis tubus campanu ent 3 lin. longus, 
setis brevibus sparsis ascendentibus albidis munitus ; did 5 


iie 
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Mount Zomba, alt. 4000-6060 ft., 
Whyte. AAA 


268 


99. Memecylon "d m [ Melastomaces] ; ad M. dn- 
seas Reichb., magis acced 


Frutex omnino glaber. Ramuli lignosi, superne 4-angulati, 
nodis incrassati. Folia sessilia, obova to-cuneata, ; 2-3 poll. longa, 


venis primariis Behse s -patentibus. Cymæ simplices, paucifloræ, 
axillares, breviter pedunculatæ vel sessiles; pedicelli calycibus 
longiores. Ciis lic curii PA ue; limbo patulo obscure dentato, 
llin.diam. Fructus globosus, 3-4 lin. diam., calyce persistenter 
coronatus. 


BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. North Nyasa-land, Whyte. 


500. Trianthema nyasica, Baker [Ficoides]; ad T. crystallinam, 
Vahl, accedit 

Herba perennis. Caules graciles, glabri, decumbentes ramosis- 

simi. ien Beasikia, oblanceolata, subcarnosa, glabra, obtusa, 
4 lin. longa. Flores permulti, sessiles, axillares. Calycis tubus 
Briand raitis 2 lin. longus; lobi 5, patuli, ovati, acuti, tubo 
æquilongi. Capsula conica, membranacea, unilocularis, € 
sperma, medio cireumscissa. Semina atra, reniformia, rugosa 

BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Monkey Bay, Lake Nyasa, alt. 
1600 ft., Whyte. 


501. Peucedanum (n Tigges: Baker [Umbelliferz]; ad P. Granti, 
Kingston, magis ac 


Herba gracilis, nd erecta, geo Caules leves, profunde 


sulcati. Folia inferiora ignota; caulina breviter petiolata, 
ternata, segmentis eki acutis serratis, Umbellæ primariæ. 
6-8-radiatæ, bracteis involu soletis undariæ 


um 
-floræ, bracteis linearibus minutis. Cali ycis dentes obsoleti. 
Petala alba. Fructus planus, oblongus, 3 lin. longus, jugis dorsal- 
ibus inconspieuis, lateralibus in alas latas pallidas productis. 


BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. 6000-7000 ft., 
Whyte; Shire Highlands, Buchanan (1878 collection), 167. 


502. pin: ome pat ontore Baker l'Umboliifoies]; ad P. altum, 
iern, magis ace 


Herba erecta, "is robusta, habitu Heracleo Sphondylio similis. 
Caules validi, multisuleati, superne scabri. Folia radicalia ignota ; 
caulina simpliciter Shia: segmentis 3-5, magnis obovatis crenatis, 

Umb radia 


infimis furcatis. Umbelle primariw 15-20-radiate, involucri 
bracteis Kane persistentibus 12-15 lin. longis; umbelle 
secundari tiflore, bracteis consimilibus multo minoribus. 


Calycis lobi c Specie. Petala alba. Fructus obovatus, planus, 

in. longus, jugis dorsalibus 3 elevatis, 2 lateralibus in alas 
1 lin. latas pcd ; vittae solitariae ; carpophorum tenue, 
medio furcatu 


T Apr, CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. $900. 700€ ft., 
Á 


269 


503. Peucedanum valerianefolium, Baker [Umbellifere] ; 
speciebus reliquis africanis facile distinguitur foliis sedie 
integris caulinis lyrato- pinnatifidis. 


Herba t perennis, gracilis, erecta, glabra. Caules leves, profunde 
sulcati. Folia inferi iora distincte petiolata, parva, oblon nga, acuta, 
b 


marginatis caducis; umbellæ secundariæ multifloræ, bracteis 
minutis Wiioribus. Calycis lobi obsoleti. Petala alba. Fructus 
oblongus, planus, Jugis dorsalibus haud prominentibus, lateralibus 
in alas latas produc 


BRITISH PAM AFRICA. Mount Zomba, alt. 4000-6000 ft., 
Whyte. 


504. Vernonia humilis, C. H. Wright ee i penni 
pubescens, foliis oblongis acutis glandulosis, capitulis 4—6-floris 

Caulis herbaceus vel sublignosus, pubescens, 10 poll. me 
Folia 1 poll. longa, 4—5 lin. lata, alterna, oblonga, basi ap piceque 
acuta, brevissime petiolata, dentata, glandulis aureis pellucidis 
punctata. | Capitula 4-6- flora, 4 lin. Jonga, i in corymbos terminales 
disposita. Involucrum campanulatum, bracteis paucis imbricatis 
ovatis obtusis marginibus scariosis. aUor olla regulariter yaar 
Antheræ basi obtusæ, apice appendices triangulares scariosa 
gerentes. St i Aen bipartitus. Achenia leviter striata. Pappi seti 
filiformes, s 


Torrey PIR German East Africa : Lower plateau, north 
of Lake Nyasa, J. Thomson. British Central Africa: Mt. Mlanje, 
6000 ft., HOoni , 30. 

The leaves contain numerous — glands, on the surface of 
which in the recent specimens are golden globules. In 
older sieohneny "ie surfaces of the pnm appear densely 
punctate. 


505. Helichrysum concinnum, N. E. Brown [Composite-Inu- 
loideæ] ; H.cochleariformi, DC. propane sed capitulis mino- 
ribus pallidioribus oblongis di ffer 


Herba 6 poll. alta, e basi ramosa. Caules graciles erecti, supra 

niculato ramosi, laxe foliosi, eur cifre 
vel lineari-oblonga, 3—6 lin. longa, 3-1 lin. lata, ak utrinque 
reece, apice fusco-apiculata. Pale 3 lin. longa, 1 lin 

, laxe comymboso-paniculata, pedicellata, oblonga, 50—60- flora. 

Toa campanulati squamæ Inteo-fulve, bullato-imbricatæ, 
lineari-oblongæ, subacutæ, apice subcucullato-concavæ. Flores 
exteriores filiformes ; r tubulosi, 5-dentati. Pappi setæ 
apice breviter incrassate.—H. cochleariforme, Harv. in Harv. & 
Sond. Fl. Cap. IIl. p. 220, non DC. 

SOUTH AFRICA. Little jenes agent near Ezels Fontein and 
Rood Berg, 3500—4000 ft., November, Drè 

This plant was assigned by Harvey to 2 AO HUS es DC., 


but it is perfectly distinct from that species, altho ugh allied to it, 
differing in its more 2 moa much smaller, bond. and mu ch 


270 


paler coloured flower-heads. In H. mobs me, DC. (H. stel- 
latum, Less., var. globiferum, Harv.) the heads are 3-M lines in 
diameter, globose, and dark tawny brown in iiid 


506. Athrixia stenophylla, Baker M es -Inuloides]; ad 
A. debilem; DC., madagascariensem magis accedit 
Herba perennis, glabra. Caules graciles, astricti, erecti, 2-3- 
es, ad apicem foliati. Folia alterna, asce ndentia, lineari- 


l. lo 
in corymbum terminalem diposita ; pedunculi TOn, graciles, 
foliis paucis reductis præditi. Znvolucrum campanulatum 3 lin. 
longum, bracteis pauciseriatis lanceolatis glabris squarrosis. 
Achenia angulata, oblonga, glabra, 4 lin. longa. Pappi sete 
rigidæ, achænio duplo breviores, et paucæ dilatatæ, paleacese, 


BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. 6000-7000 ft., 
Whyte, 219. 


507. Schistostephium microcephalum, Baker [Ooripom te n 
mides] ; ad S. heptalobum, Benth. et Hook. fil., arcte accedit. 

Herba perennis, erecta. Caules virgati, aba: pubescentes, ad 
apicem foliati. Folia alterna, simpliciter pinnata, parva, segmentis 
linearibus planis mucronatis, infimis 6-9 lin. lon ngis, 4 3 lin. latis. 
Capitula maiia, homogama, discoidea, 2 lin. diam., in corymbum 
densum terminalem aggregata ; pedicelli erecti, albo- pubescentes. 
Tolir. campanulatum, 1j lin. longum, bracteis lanceolatis 
inzquilongis x. eg is sagas is. Corolla lutea, 1 e longa, 
lobis parvis ovatis. Acheni à habi, angulata, 4 lin 

BRITISH Cstkar AFRICA. Between Kondowe ak Karonga, 
Whyte. 


508. Schistostephium artemisiefolium, Baker [Uompoemes 
Anthe amide] ; ad S. heptalobum, Benth. et Hook. fil, magis 


Herba perennis, erecta. Caules albo-pubescentes, ad apicem 
erebre foliati. Folia sessilia, ascendentia, alterna, bipinnatifida, 
9-12 lin. longa, segmentis eed e acutis righ idulis marginibus 
revolutis facie sparse dorso dense albo-pilos Capitula homo- 

ma, multiflora, 3 lin. diam., in ed mbum terisinihitd disposita, 
pedicellis pedunculisque dense albo-pilosis. Znvolucrum cam- 
panulatum, 1} lin. longum, bracteis lanceolatis rigidulis appressis 
inequilongis albo-pubescentibus. Corolla lutea } lin. longa, lobis 
parvis ovatis. Achenia glabra, 4 lin. longa. 

BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. 6000—7000 ft., 
Whyte, 225. 


Senecio (Kleinia) antitensis, Baker [Compositze—Senecio- 

E e]: a S. reuse ec Baker, recedit pedunculo elongato, 
capitulis discoi 

Suffrutez pao Folia ad apices ramorum conferta, 

oblonga, subacuta, sessilia, basin versus sensim angustata, 15-18 

lin. longa, siccitate rugosa, e basi 5-nervia. Pedunculi s glabel, 

graciles, erecti, subpedales. Cree pauca, discoidea, laxe 


271 


corymbosa, apeme capitulis longioribus erectis. Involucrum 
campanulatum, : Ren longum et latum, bracteis circiter 8 oblongo- 
linearibus obtus Flores involucro paulo longiores. Pappus 
albus, corolla tabe equilongus. Achwnia matura ignota. 


CENTRAL MADAGASCAR. Mount Antety, Forsyth Major, 618. 


510. Senecio (Kleinia) nyikensis, Baker [Compositze-Senecio- 
nidez] ; ad S. /ongipedem, Baker, somaliensem magis accedit 


Herba perennis, erecta, subcarnosa, tripedalis. Caules validi, 
glabri, in tertio inferiore crebre foliati. Folia producta, oblan 
ceolato-oblonga, integra, subacuta, ad. basin longe stai 
majora 5-6 poll. longa 1 poll. lata; superiora reducta, remota, 
parva, linearia. Capitula discoidea, hom ogama, terminalia, pauca, 
orymbosa ; pedunculi elongati, validi, erecti. Involucrum cam- 

poll. i 


pausa, lanceolatis subcoriaceis glabris. Corolla lutea, 6 lin. 
longa. Achenia Sm ndrica, glabra, 2 lin. longa. Pappus albus, 
mollis, 6 lin. pem 


BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. 6000-7000 ft., 
Whyte. 


511. Dicoma nyikensis, Baker [Composite-Mutisiacew]; ad 
D. anomalam, Sond., et D. quinquenerviam, Baker, accedit. 


Herba perennis, subpedalis, erecta. Caules simplices, graciles, 
albo-incani, ad apicem foliati. ers alterna, sessilia, erecto- 
patentia, linearia integra, 2-3 poll. longa, facle viridia glabra, 


dorso albo-incana. Capital la 1-3, seni uem , homogama, discoidea. 
Involucrum campanulatum, 9- 12 lin . diam., ' bracteis nultineristis 
appressis sit ser ec interioribus Tineari-subulatis, ET 
sensim brevioribus lanceolatis. Corolla 5 lin. longa, lobis lin- 
earibus. A oho ngu, pilis albis sivi are dense villosa. 
Pappus albidus, setosus, rigidulus, 4 lin. longus. 


BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. 6000-7000 ft., 
Whyte. 


512. Dicoma megacephala, Baker [Composite-Mutisiacee]; ad 
D. nyikensem, Baker, arcte accedit. 


Herba perennis. Caules decumbentes, graciles, subpedales, 
sepissime simplices, superne albo-incani, ad apicem foliati. Folia 
sessilia, linearia, integra, 2-3 poll. longa, ea viridia glabra, dorso 
albo-incana. Capitula terminalia, sepissime solitaria, homogama, 
tubulosa, 12-18 jc diam. adum gesein multi- 
nea 15-18 lin. longum, bracteis rigidulis appressis na 
leviter albo-araneosis, interioribus linearibus, exterioribus eo- 
latis. Corolla 6 lin. longa, cylindrica, lobis linearibus. Aronia 
angulata, pilis albis ascendentibus dense villosa, Pappus albus, 
setosus, rigidulus, 6 lin. longus. 


BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Between Kondowe and Karonga, 
alt, 2000-6000 ft., Whyte, 


212 


513. Bleria microdonta, C. H. Wright [Ericaces]; fruticosa, 
foliis oblongis vendis minute dentatis, sepalo uno (postico ?) 
ceteris multo longiore 


Frutex ericoideus. Rami primum cinereo-tomentosi. olia 
1-1} lin. longa, oblonga, glabra, minute dentata, subtus unisulcata, 


supra costa elevata, petiolis 4 lin. longis. Inflorescentia 
terminalis, (ebracteata ?), floribus tetrameris circa 12 umbellatim 
dispositis, brevissime pe Sepala libe m cæteris 
multo longius b m simu Corolla suburceolata, 1 lin 


racteolu ula 
longa, lobis late triangularibus. Sean subexserta ; anther 
bilobatw, apice magnipoross, basi aristate. Ovarium quadri- 
loculare, multiovulatum ; stylus: quam corolla duplo longior, 
seen subpeltato. 


TISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Mount Mlanje, 6000 ft. 
MeGlounte. 90. 19, 95. 


The absence of glandular "wei on the leaves gives this species 
a very esteem appearance. One of the four sepals greatly 
exceeds the others in size, a ind at first sight gives the flower the 
appearance x being unibracteolate. The odd sepal is often green 
and leaf-like and as long as the corolla. 


514. gn gene —— visi [Apoeynace»]; proxima O. nitide, 
Benth., sed p s longis, foliis majoribus, nervatione minus 
conspicua, cies ano — distincta. 


argine areuatim connexis nee dise venis gene 
petiolus longus. Fania ule vel racemi terminales vel sub- 
terminales, 2-4 poll. longi, minute rufo-tomentelli ; bractea mox 
decidus; pedicelli 1-13 lin. longi. Calycis segmenta ovato- 
elliptica vel elliptiea, 1} lin. longa, in sur minute rufo-tomentella, 
orolla vividi-lutea; tubus intus dense albo- 
villosus, 2 lin. longus; lobi tubo Heals, subobtusi ; squamæ 
fauciales lineares. 


UPPER GUINEA. Cameroons, Efulen, Bates, 403. 


15. Cynanchum cucullatum, N. E. Brown [Asclepiadere ];: species 
gracilis, corollz lobis cucullatis et corona reducta facile Ends 


Caules 1-2 ped. longi, graciles simplices vel bas i ramosi, 
volubiles, glabri. bens d wii poll. longa, 1-13 lin. "d linearia, 
a, iolo 


margines angustiss ate pce sunt, glabra. Cyme umbelli- 
re. 


3-6 lin. longi, et pedicelli 2-23 lin. longi, utrique unifaria m puberuli ; 
bracte: ł lin. longs, lanceolato-subulate, glabree. Seo i lariocolat 
acuta, gla abra. Corolla profunde 5-loba, 3 lin. diam., lobis 1- 
lin. longis 3 lin. latis erecto-patentibus 'cueullatis apice incurvis 
acutis glabris. Corona pone breviter cupuliformis, pen- 
tagona, levissime 5-loba, j lin. alta, lobis erectis obtusis antheris 


* E 
TUS x TT Jaa 
ith dst eae a e el ie esa a a = CUUECDU RC 


273 


appressis nec adnatis. Antheræ erecta, appendicibus membra- 
naceis ovatis subacutis supra styli apicem convexum inflexis. 
Pollinis masse pendule 

MADAGASCAR. Without locality, Baron, 2036. 


The very reduced corona of this duro slightly resembles that 
of C. sarcostemmatoides, K. Schum 


916. Cynanchum longipes, N. E. Brown  [Asclepiades]; 
C. pol yantho, K. Schum., affinis ed I duplo longioribus et 

orone lobis incurvis facile distinct 

Caules ae en unifariam ve Folia distantia; petiolus 
3-34 poll. longus, gracilis, minute puberulus ; 2-3 poll. 
longa, 11-2 bolt lata, late ovata, breviter aat orn "feit bem 
venis minute puberulis. Cymæ umbelliformes, laxz, 5+12-floræ 
pedunculate ; pedunculi 2-6 lin. longi, unifariam puberuli ; : 
pedicelli 3-1 poll. longi, subfiliformes, puberuli. Sepala $ lin. 
longa, 4-4 lin. lata, oblonga, acuta, glabra. Corolle lobi 24 lin. 

e : : 


tubulosa, 10- dentata, intus nuda, pne alternis majoribus 
apice plus minusve bifidis vel insqualiter bidentatis, omnibus 
inarcuatis. Anthere subsessiles, subquadratz, appendicibus ovatis 
acutis supra apicem styli inflexis. 


UPPER GUINEA. Lagos; Papalayito, Millen (1895 collection), 48. 


. 917. Cynanchum lineare, N. E. Brown [Asclepiadec] ; C. sibirico, 
R. Br., similis, sed corona urceolata differt. 

MM 9-12 poll. alti, erecti vel apice subvolubiles, simplices 

auciramosi, bifariam pubescentes. olia patentia, gera a 

fa 3 poll. longa, 4-1 lin. lata, linearia, acuta, plana vel marginibus 
angustissime re voluta, fere glabra, in costis inurriuibusque pilis : 
paucis aspersa. Cyme umbelliformes, ad nodos laterales, pedun- 
culate, 10-20-flore ; pedunculi 6-9 lin. longi, pedicelli 14-23 lin 
net utrique pilis auda minute pubesc esnia Sepala 
3-3 lin. longa, 4 lin. ovata, acuta, subgl vel parce 
A aiee Corolla paced ad 3 qu edle "lobis 1-1} lin. 
Mpeg i lin. latis lanceolato-oblongis obtusis glabris. Corona 
3 li n. longa, urceolata, pilono poria na, ore contracto, 5-dentata, 
in nuda, dentibus tis obtusis cucullatis. Staminum 
columna quam corona Japi brevior, antheræ sessiles, deltoideæ, 
crassæ, appendicibus membranaceis anguste lanceolatis inflexis. 

MADAGASCAR. Without locality, Baron, 109. 


518. Ceropegia fusiformis, N. E. Brown [Asclepiadeæ] ; 
omnibus speciebus Africæ R tubo corollæ ad ede em 
media ya tasiformi-Hüflido differ 

Caulis volubilis, glaber. ae "m petioli 6-8 lin. longi; 
lamine 11-23 poll. longe, 1-1] poll. late, ovate vel elliptico- 
oblonge, acute vel breviter acuminata, p epi basi cuneato- 
angustate, glabre, marginibus parce et minute Storer 
Inflorescentia, subumbellatim 6-10-flora; pedunculi 1-1? po 
longi, laterales, glabri ; pedicelli glabri, 3-4 lin. longi. 


274 


2 lin. longa, elongato-ovata, in subulam complicatam attenuata. 
Corolle tubus li poll. longus, curvatus, basi ovo —€— 
2 lin. diam., ad partem mediam usiformidsiisies 3 lin. dia 
extus glaber, intus parte inferiore hirtus ; lobi 4-4 lin. longi, late 
deltoidei, apice connati, valde replicati, glabri. Corone lobi 
exteriores j lin. longi, 2 lin. lati, late ovato-deltoidei, apice minute 
bifidi vel emarginati, eU birti; lobi interiores 14 lin. longi, 
erecto-conniventes, quam columna me multo longiores, 
oblongo-lineares, basi iarasi, dorso hirt 


UPPER GUINEA. Lagos; Abeokuta, dun (1895 collection), 89. 


519. Belmontia divaricata, Baker [Gentianacem]; a B. 
nensi, Baker, recedit foliis ovatis, ramis panicule ietis 
flexuosis. 

Herba perennis, glabra. Caules acute tetragoni. Folia 

caulina ovata, acuta, sessilia, opposita, 2-2} poll. longa, e basi 
trinervia. Panicula ampla, bifurcata, ramis cymosis longe 
pedunculatis, pedicellis elongatis. Sepala cuspidata, 4 lin. longa, 
dorso late alata. Corollæ tubus ampullæformis, calyci subæqui- 
longus ; limbus expansus 12- s niin. diam, lobis — — 
patulis. Anthere lineari-oblon ? lin. lon ngs, e tubo corollae 
breviter protruse, filamentis cir filiformibus. Sti ius. fili- 
com € capitato. 

ASCAR. Forest of Isohimanitra, province of Tanala, 
Fong Mier 


This is much the finest and most floriferous species of the genus. 


520. Tachiadenus Mm, Baker [Gentianacex] ; a speciebus 
reliquis recedit floribus parvi 


Herba pornniaglabra, radice lignosa, Caules graciles, tetragoni, 
cæspitosi, 6-9 poll. longi. Folia opposita, brevissime petiolata, 
oblongo-lanceolata, acuta, 5-6 lin. longa, 14-2 lin. lata, firmula, 
glabra, basi cuneata. Flores solitarii, axillares, pedicellis ascen- 
dentibus, Calyx 1} lin. longus, tubo brevissimo, lobis lanceolatis 
eng Corolle tubus cylindricus, apice dilatatus, 8-9 lin. 

ongus ; lobi albi, patuli, rotandati, cuspidati, Et lin. longi. 
iege, in coroll: tubo inclusa. Fructus ignotu 


MADAGASCAR, Ambohimitombo, province of t Forsyth 
Major, 403. 


521. Swertia nummularifolia, Baker [Gentianacex]; a S. pumila, 
Boshet, recedit foliis caulinis 4-5 jugis, cymis condensatis pauci- 
oris. 


Herba perennis, glabra. Caules erecti, 4-6 poll. longi, simplices 
vel profunde furcati, graciles, tetragoni. Folia basalia rosulata, 
caulina 4—-5-juga, orbicularia, sessilia, obtusa, basi rotundata, 


e um terminales. Sepala oblonga, obtusa, herbacea, viridia, 
2 lin. longa. Corollæ tubus campanulatus, calyci æquilongus ; 
lobi Tari obtusi, lutei, purpureo tincti, tubo paulo longiores. 
Antheræ e corollæ tubo protrusæ, lobis triplo breviores. 


275 


MADAGASCAR. Mount Antety, above Ambositra, Forsyth 
Major, 641. 

Adds this genus to the flora of Madagascar. There are several 
species on the mountains of Tropical Africa. 


522. Solanum nakurense, C. H. Wright [Solanaceæ] ; fruticosum, 
ramis glabris, foliis parvis oblongis leviter sinuatis, antheris 
demum rimis dehiscentibus. 

Frutex 3-pedalis. Rami tenues, glabri. Folia 8 lin. longa, 
3 lin. lata, approximata, breviter petiolata, oblonga, leviter sinuata, 
utrinque pilis paucis simplicibus vestita. Cy» subumbellate, 
props npor T pee product, pedicellis incrassatis. Calyx 


2 lin. dia anguste triangulares, tubo equilongi, subglabri. 
Corolla ae (alba ?), 5 lin. diam ; lobi 9; angusti, acuti, subtus 
pubescentes. — iid subsessiles, oblonge, primum poris magnis 
t inalil emum rimis] Ovarium 


oblongum, RIENE : jme quam stamina duplo longior. 

hen East AFRICA. Nakuru, Scott Elliott, 6800. 

Allied to S. carense, Dun., but much smaller in all its parts and 
having Fer glabrous pR 


523. Ipomæa operosa, C. H. Wright [Convolvulaceæ] ; scandens 
I. involucrate, Beanv., proxima, se ense tomentosa, bracteis 
Lo oy RR subtus longe pilosis differt. 

Suffrutex scandens, dense tomentosus. Folia corse acuta, 
supra pilis appressis vestita, subtus dense tomentosa, 4-5 poll. 
longa, 3-4 poll. lata, petiolis 2-3 poll. longis. rod capitati ; 
pedunculi 24 poll. longi; bractee cymbiformes, acute, dish 
pilis longis przsertim ad basin vestit». Calycis lobi subulati, 
quam tubus paulo longiores, ad apicem dense pilosi. Corolla 
campanulata, 1j - longa, 1} poll. diam., epa calyx 4-plo 
longior. Stamin a quam corolla dimidio brevio 

BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Zomba, Kirk, Wh; y; Nyasaland, 
Buchanan (1891 collection), 370. 

hyte states that “this plant is a most troublesome 
weed, with a leng spongy tap root, most difficult to eradicate from 
Zo mba garden 


524. Tecoma Whytei, C. H. Wright [Bignoniaceæ] ; fruticosa, 
foliolis late lanceolatis acutis basi rotundatis obscure crenatis. 

Folia pinnatim 4-5-juga ; foliola udo petiolata, subtus ad 
nervorum axillas pilosa, 1 poll. longa, 7 lin. lata. Racemi ter- 
minales, bracteolis subulatis ; pedunculi 5 poll. longi ; pedicelli 
9 li . Calyx campanulatus, 6 lin. longus, dentibus 5 late 
triangularibus acutis. pi pem tubus 1} ie longus, curvatus, 
superne dilatatus; lobi . longi, oblongi, apice rotundati, - 
9 superiores erecti, 3 itea patentes Sonani lobis su. 
perioribus coroll eequilonga; filamenta interne pilosa. Qu 
parvum, oblongum. 

BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Zomba Plateau, 5000 ft., Whyte. 

The flowers of this species resemble those of T. Nyassa, Oliv., 
but the shape of the leaflets is quite different. 


14538 | : : eU 


276 


525. Plantago tanalensis, Bazer [Plantagines] ; a P. palmata, 
Hook. fil., recedit foliis subintegris breviter petiolatis, spicis laxis. 


Herba perennis, fibris radicalibus multis gracilibus. Folia 
8-10, rosulata, breviter petiolata, subrotunda, obtusa, 11-2 poll. 
longa, utrinque pubescentia, siccitate i ed e basi quin- 


quenervia. Pedunculi graciles, glabri, 6-9 poll. longi. Spice 
cylindric, vin en 8-9 poll. longze, sursum naasna deorsum 
laxifloræ ; bractee ł lin. longæ, sepalis consimiles. cx 


, glabra, medio brunne 
late albida. Corolle lobi parvi, vun — , pabuli Stylus 
$ lin. Mem Capsula oblonga, glabra, disperm: 


MADA CAR. Mount Antety and Ambohimitombo forest, 
province ee Tanala, alt. 1450-1560 ft., Forsyth Major, 380, 633, 
708 ; Betsileo-land, Hildebrandt, 3906. 


e are very few species of Plantago in Madagascar and 
tropical Africa. P. palmata, to which this is nearly allied, is 
a mountain species common to both sides of the continent. 


526. Celosia a uin Baker [Amarantacee] ; ad C. argenteam, 
Linn., arcte ac 


Herba erecta. Caules Eu pubescentes. Folia etm 
panduriformia, inferiora 3-4 poll. longa, lobis basalibus 
ovatis vel oblongis obtusis. Pico dens, breves, cerra 
terminales;  bracte: Sei acute, albe, fl oribus breviores. 
Perianthium 2-25 l longum, segmentis oblongo-lanceolatis 
acutis, albis, carina oncólüre trinervata. Ovarium ampulla». 
forme, i in stylum longum sensim attenuatum, stigmate minut 


PORTUGUESE EAST AFRICA. Zambesi valley, between Tette 
and the coast, Kirk. 


527, Celosia DN Baker [Amarantacese]; floribus magnis 


et stylo e see o C. argentee, Linn., proximata, recedit habitu 
suffrutic 

Suffrutez sarmentosus. Ramuli graciles, elongati, sursum 
pubescentes. olia parva, petiolata, oblonga, acuta, obscure 


a, ac 
pubescentia, ad basin angustata. Cyma@e in spicas oblongas 
terminales M ERN bractee minute. Perianthium album, 
2 lin. longuin, segmentis óblongis 2 lin. longis, carina concolore 
trinervata. Ovarium ampulleforme; s hei a 2 lin. longus. 
Utriculus viridis, perianthio valde brevio 


PORTUGESE EAST AFRICA. Lower "n of the valley of the 
Shire, Meller ; Moramballa and Shupanga, Kirk. 


528. Celosia chenopodiifolia, Baker | [ Amarantaces] ; C. 
rig ynam, Linn., aec accedit ; recedit floribus duplo minoribus, fruetu 
e perianthio exserto, 


seen gracillimi, straminei, glabri. Folia perparva, oblonga, 
, ad basin attenuata. Cyme pauciflore, in spicas termi- 
ue elongatas sursum densas aggregate. Perianthium album, 


211 


longum, segmentis oblongis obtusis viridi-carinatis. 
ort viridis, globosus, e perianthio exsertus; stylus 
brevissimus. 

Fes Chella mountains, Sir H. H. Johnston. 


529. Celosia semperflorens, Baker [Amarantacew ] ad C. trigynam, 
Linn., accedit; recedit spicis densis, floribus duplo minoribus 
et stylis duobus. ; 

Herba, caulibus erectis ramosissimis glabris. Folia petiolata, 
oblonga vel seriei integra, basi cuneata, glabra, viridia 

2 poll. 


ae, nut». Per 
anthium album, $ lin. longum, segmentis eR ‘outils hat 
VUL OH esc SNP globosus, perianthio equilongus ; 
styli 2, brevissim 
BRITISH eren AFRICA. Abundant at Blantyre, flowering 
nearly all the year, Buchanan (1881 collection), 52. 


530. Celosia minutiflora, Baker [Amarantacew] ; ad C. semper- 
florentem, Baker, (vide supra) accedit ; recedit spicis laxis, fructu 
es 

Caules graciles, elongati, glabri, parum ramosi. Folia perparva, 
ams ded subsessilia, basi angustata vel rotundata. Cymæ pauci- 
florz, glomerulos globosos congeste, glomerulis in spicis 
uem laxis nite ; bracteze ovate, ‘minute. Perianthium 
eitis 3 lin. longum, segmentis oblongis obtusis haud viridi- 

natis. Dons globosus, viridis, e perianthio exsertus ; 
styli 2, brevissimi 

UGANDA. Hannington. 


531. Celosia loandensis, Baker [Amarantaceæ] ; ad C. trigynam, 
Linn, pues recedit habitu suffruticoso, floribus minoribus, stylis 
2, fructo e 

Suffr mz" ramis elongatis. Ramuli multi, breves, patuli, 
glabri. Folia, petiolata, ovata, acuminata, glabra, basi cordata 
Cyme in glom erulos globosos congeste, glomerulis in spicis 
b i æ tæ, p 


anthio breviores. Perianthium album, 1 lin. longum, segmentis 
ovato-oblongis ; carina Hr praece Utriculus globosus, e 
perianthio exsertus ; styli 2, brevissimi. 

WEST TROPICAL AFRICA. Ri ola; province = — under 
1000 ft., Welwitsch, 6537 b. gees Congo, C. Sm 


532. Celosia nana, Baker [Amarantacee] ; annua, stigmatibus 2 
sessilibus. 

Herba annua, glabra, ramosissima. Ramuli 3-4 poll. longi. 
Folia perparva,obionga,subsessilia, ad basin ibo Ci Lien laxe, 
in paniculas terminales interruptas aggregate; braetes ovate 

inute. ro inori album, ž lin. longum, segmentis "otiCngis 
obtusis obscure carinatis. Utriculus globosus, perianthio 
æquilongus. 

ANGOLA. Welwitsch, 6566. 


14588 C2 


278 


533. i poteke bci sac Baker [Amarantacee ] ; 
eiua. Schinz, a accedit ; recedit floribus majoribus Tries 
stam niferis ueste tricuspi idatis 


Herba perennis glabra. Caules ERP virides. Folia sparsa, 
sessilia, linearia, 1-2 poll. longa. Spicæ densæ, simplices, 1—4 poll. 
long: ; ocam ovate vel ovato-lanceolatæ, perianthio valde 
breviores. Perianthium niveum, 3 lin. decere e prey 


Welwitsch, 6502. ee E of  Mossamedes, 


534. Sericocoma Welwitschii, Baker eI ovario 
oblongo haud cornuto, foliis oblongis membrana 


Herba perennis. Ramuli oppositi, oe Folia breviter 
petiolata, aad Im 12-18 lin. longa, utrinque pilosa 


Glomeruli axillar in paniculam oblongam terminalem 
aggregati ; rrei dem pinosi, straminei; bractez ovate, 
perianthio valde br es. Perianthium 2 lin ongum, basi 
lanosum, segmentis rigidis lanceolatis viridibus albo-marginatis. 
Staminodia quadrata. Ovarium oblongum; stylus elongatus, 
mn cmd itato 


UESE WEST AFRICA.  Provi 
Welwitsch 6501. rovince of  Mossamedes, 


535. Cyathula Mannii, Baker [Amarantacez] ; ad C. cylindricam, 
Moq., et C. schimperianam, Moq., arcte accedit 

Herba perennis, ramosa, 6-10 pedalis. Ramuli sursum pilis 
reflexis vestiti. olia pue peime ovata vel oblonga, acuta, 
utrinque dense pilosa, inferi 2-3 poll. longa. Glomeruli in 


thium album, 2 lin. longum, segmentis oblongo-lanceolatis pilosis. 


TROPICAL AFRICA. Cameroon mountains, alt. 7000 ft., and 
ernando Po, alt. 10000 ft., Mann ; Ruwenzori, alt. 6000-8000 ft., 
Scott Elliot, T102. 
l believe this to be distinct from both the above-mentioned 
nearly allied eastern species. 


536. T i ema gl dea Baker [Amarantacee]; ad C. globuli- 
feram, Moq., a 
Herba perennis. Soe dense pilosi. Folia breviter petiolata, 


oblon acuta, utrinque dense pilosa. Glomeruli in capitula 
globosa 1 poll. diam. aggregati ; capitula 10-15, i in paniculas spicatas 
terminales disposita ; ; bractee ovate, scariose, al oribus 


breviores. Perianthium album, 3 lin. longum, segmentis lanceolatis 
acuminatis scariosis. Spine hamate, perianthio equilonge. 

BRITISH EAST AFRICA. Kapti plateau, Masai-land, alt. 5000- 
6000 ft., Joseph Thomson. 


249 


537. Psilotrichum concinnum, Baker [Amarantacex] ; a P. a 
cano, Oliv., recedit, habitu herbaceo, foliis multo minoribus, pice 
omnibus termina ibus 


Herba perennis, ramosa. Ramuli glabri, — pe 
virides. Folia parva, breviter petiolata, oblon 

obtusa, sparse pubescentia. Spice parve, dense, Ac nbn cass 
terminales, rhachi subrecto dense put bracteæ parve, late 
ovate. Perianthium album, 2 lin. lon segmentis oblongo- 
lanceolatis rigidis Weeds Btamino dde abortiva. Stylus 
brevissimus, stigmate capitat 


BRITISH CENTRAL ton Blantyre, Last. 


538. te pre trichophyllum, Baker [Amarantacez] ; 
africano, Oliv., recedit foliis firmis subsessilibus utrinque je 
pubescentibus 
- Suffruter, mils lignosis dense See Folia sub- 
sessilia, oblonga, 11—2 poll. longa, acuta, firmula, utrinque dense 
pubescentia. Spice dense, pauciflore, in paniculam parvam 
terminalem  disposite. Pi sünthium album, 2 lin. longum, 
segmentis oblongo-lanceolatis rigidis pubescentibus. 

PORTUGUESE EAST AFRICA. Lower part of the Zambesi valley 
at Shamo, Kirk. 


539. Psilotrichum debile, Baker [Amarantaceæ] ; a P. africano 
liv., recedit foliis obovatis subsessilibus, ramulis elongatis 
debilibus. 


a eet Bea os mic oe M T Vos artes Folia 
, poll A i 


oblongæ, 1 poll. longæ, rhachi peer dense piloso ; bracteæ 
ovatæ, pubescentes, — paulo breviores. Perianthium album, 
21 lin. longum, segmentis oblo ngo tiko ceolatis rigidis dense 
pubescentibus. Štaminodia quadrata, pilosa. Stylus elongatus, 
stigmate capi 


ANGOLA. ia 6570. 


540. Psilotrichum rubellum, Baker aI ere a P. schim- 
periano, Engl., recedit rhachibus spicarum lanosis 
erba perennis, erecta. Caules graciles, —— sparse pubes- 
EM Folia fasciculata, sessilia, linearia, Berar 1-2 poll. longa, 
viridia, subglabra. Spice parvs, dense, terminales, rhachibus 
lanosis ; cut da git ses Pei nsn rubrum, glabrum, 
2 lin. longum ; rigidis ob asda rcs Staminodia 
Gtiadrata. Sti iim popa stigmate capi 
ANGOLA. Province of Huilla, alt. inn -5500 ft., Welwitsch, 
6509. Province of Humpata, Chella mountains, Sir H. "H. Johnston. 


541. Psilostachys Kirkii, Baker ee ad P. gnaphalo- 
bryam, Hochst., (Psilotrichum cordatum, Mog.) accedit. 


Suffrutex erecta. Ramuli lignosi, teretes, glabri. Folia 


280 


, 
centia. Panicula ampla, us ramis ascendentibu us, ramulis capil- 


laribus flexuosis, spicis paucifloris. Perianthium viride, pilosum, 
1j lin. longum, vi inea exterioribus oblongo-lanceolatis rigidis 
dorso Nancie: triner 


ica EAST mie Sabaki River, Melinda, near Mombasa, 


542, aa breviflora, Baker [Amarantaceæ] ; ad A. ob- 
lanceolatam, Schinz, et A. Carsoni, Baker, magis accedit. 

a perennis. Oua les graciles, virgati, glabri, albidi, viridi- 
striati, angulati. Folia petiolata, linearia, integra, glabra , ad basin 
attenuata. Spice dense, primum oblonge, demum cylindrice, 

ae 


z lin. longs; bracteole ovate, ascendentes, perianthio duplo 
breviores. Perianthii segmenta rigida, lanceolata, glabra, 2 lin. 
edio "viridia, marginibus lide rubra. Stamina 
peranthio paulo breviora. Ovarium ovoideum ; stylus elongatus. 
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Between Kondowe and Karonga, 
alt. 2000—6000 ft., Whyte. 


543. Achyranthes — Baker [ Amarantacez]; ad A. oblanceo- 
latam, Schinz, arcte a Mrs 

Herba perennis, pedali Caules simplices vel furcati, erecti 
ad nodos solum pilo odi “Fo lia paucijuga, sessilia, lanceolata 
vel oblanceolata, subcoriacea, viridia, glabra, centralia 1—2 poll. 
longa 3—4 lin. lata. ad cd ag aH pare terminales, longe 
pedunculate, 1-3 poll. longs, floribus inferioribus patulis haud 

reflexis ; bractez E vds acute, albe. Perianthium album, 
glabrum, 3 lin. longum, segmentis rigidis lanceolatis, carina 
distincte trinervata. Stamina perianthio "multo breviora. St; ylus 
—À stigmate capitato. 

BRITISH CENTRAL AFR Fwam wE Lake Tanganyika, 
alt. 5000-6000 ft., Carson (1893 collection), 8 


4. Polygonum (Persicaria) nyikense, Baker [Polygonacesm]; 
ad F Poir. etii, Meissn., accedit ; recedit spicis cylindricis, in pani- 
culam brevem agg BRA i 

Caulis: ramosus, modice robustus, glaber. ifa "ED nde 
3-4 por. longa, utrinque setis sparsis appressis vestita ; oc 


poll. 

Setar t brevem rica i Bilotei superiores gla ræ, 
inferi ores margine setis ciliate. Perianthium 1} lin. longum, 
secre oblongis rubro-viridibus haud glanduloso- pani 
Nu ux lenticularis, orbicularis, castaneus, nitidus ; styli 2. 

BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika mountains, 4000-6000 ft., 
Whyte. 


545. Pilea floribunda, Baker [Urticaceæ-Urticeæ] ; ; a speciebus 
omnibus africanis facile distinguitur foliis magnis breviter petio- 
latis cymis in paniculam laxam dispositis 


281 


Caules op tee pubescentes. Folia ie Pre acuta, brevite 
petiolata, 8-9 poll. longa, medio 21-3 poll. lata, ad basin doe 
angustata, bee en. facie glabrata, dorso ‘pubescentia, e basi 
ad medium triplinervia. Panicule axillares, monoice, foliis 
paulo breviores, ramis pubescentibus patulis vel reflexis, cymis 
ad apices ramulorum DONEC Perianthit segmenta ovata, 
acuta, pubescentia, # lin. peer Stamina perianthio equilonga, 
dd feminei et fructus i Mya 


ASCAR. Forest of Ambohimitombo, province of Tanala, 
Ea 1450-1560 ft., fois A Major, 270. 


546. Gymnosiphon squamatum, C. H. Wright [Burmanniaces] ; 
G. usambarico, Engl., proximum, sed perianthii lobis exterioribus 
eee diffe rt. 

a A cese Caulis ascendens, 3-4 poll. longus. 

Folia se squamas 1 lin. longas reducta. Inflorescentia terminalis, 

cymosa. Perian Aisa infundibuliforme, 3 lin. longum; lobi 

exteriores integri, ovati, interiores desunt. Stamina perianthii 

faucibus affixa. Ovarium globosum, uniloculare, multiovulatum ; 

stylus giesa Pb squilongus, stigmate trilobato. Capsula 
globos 2 lin. dia 


EST Tubi AFRICA. Sibange Farm, Gaboon, Soyauz, 
167 168; Efulen, Cameroons, Bates, 311, 


de PI godes luteo-nigra, Baker [Irides]; S. bicolorem 
Baker, mds ccedit : recedit segmentis st iie tubo paulo 
Tees ibus 

Cormus Sheen 9 lin. diam., tunicis membranaceis brunneis. 
Folia basalia 4-5, teretia, gracilia, rigida, glabra lo 
superantia, pedalia, 4 gut diam. Pedunculus brevis, strictus, 
erectus, uniflorus, 2 poll. longus ; Tian valvæ 2, lineares, 
æquilongæ, sursum rigidæ, deorsum mbranaceæ. Perianthii 
tubus gracilis, cylindricus, gr ‘dilatatus 14-15 lin. longus; 
segmenta oblonga, tubo lon aca, dorso PAgreson p MN 
15-18 lin. longa. Genitalia (Une distingte brevio 


CAPE COLONY. Queenstown division, on the summit of the 
Andries Berg, near Baileytown, alt. 6350 ft., and on the Hangklip 
Mountains, alt. 6600 ft., Galpin, 1516. 


Aristea nyikensis, nd A rama ad A. paniculatam, Pax, 
a pm , Baker) magis ace 


Caulis pedalis, rate ae alatus, foliis 4—5 remotis 
lia lin nde edi 


preditus. Fo earia, ascendentia, media 8-9 poll. longa 
3—1 lin. lata, Poparone sensim minora. Panicula laxa, thyrsoidea, 
capitulis flor 3-4 supremis sessilibus; pedunculi florum 


inferiorum hevo erecto-patentes ; pedicelli 2 lin. longi. Peri- 
anthium ignotum. Capsula oblongo-globosa, 23 lin. longa, obtuse 
angulata, valvis demum torulos 


sco CENTRAL Sede Nyika plateau, 6000-7000 ft., 
yte. : 


282 


- 549. Aristea DU en Baker [lridee]; ad A. paniculatam, 
Pax, etiam acce 

. Folia ua 5-6, linearia, rigidula, pedalia, 3 lin. lata, 
conspicue nervata, nervis crebris. Caulis pedalis, gracilis, angu- 
latus, foliis 3-4 ascendentibus præditus, infimo elongato, reliquis 
valde reductis. Capitula florum superiora sessilia, infimum 
breviter peduncu ulatum; bractez exteriores magne, ionge. 
integre, marginibus late-membranaces. Perianthium ceruleum 
3 lin. longum, segmentis oblongis. Capsula oblonga, parva, 
subsessilis, obtuse angulata. 
ue CENTRAL AFRICA. Mount Zomba, alt, 4000-6000 ft., 

hyte 


550. Gladiolus (Hebea) stenophyllus, Baker [Irides] ; a G. eduli, 
Benth., recedit foliis subteretibus staminibus perianthio paulo 
brevioribus. 

"Cormus globosus, parvus, tunicis fibrosis supra collum longe 
productis. Folia basalia rigida, subteretia, glabra, facie canali- 
culata, subpedalia. Caulis gracilis, simplex, folio unico reducto 
vaginante preditus, 6-9 poll. altus. Spica simplex, secunda, 
multiflora, 2—4 poll. longa ; spathz valva Storie parva, oblon ngo- 
lanceolata, 3-4 lin. longa. Perianthium rubellum 13-1 
longum, tubo brevi anguste infundibulari 5 lin. lon ngo, segmen 
tg ee oblongis cuspidatis basi cuneatis, segmentis i nor. 

s 3 oblance olatis longe — iculatis superioribus squilongis. 
Sinenind limbo paulo brevio 

CAPE COLONY. Migne Div. Hangklip Mountains, 

alt. 5800 ft., Galpin, 1769. 


551. Gladiolus (Eugladiolus Whytei, Baker [lridee]; ad 
G. brevifolium, Jacq., et G. atropurpureum, Baker, accedit. 

Cormus globosus, 1 poll. diam., tunicis exterioribus fibris 

robustis parallelis percursis. Folia radicalia ad bracteas reducta. 
Caulis gracilis, pedalis, foliis 3-4 rudimentariis apicibus liberis 
anguste linearibus brevissimis preditus. Spica simplex, laxa, 
secunda, 6-12 poll. longa; spathz valva exterior viridis, oblongo- 
navicularis, 6-12 lin. longa. Perianthium pollicare ; ; tubus 
curvatus, infundibularis, 4lin.longus; eich nta Reese oblonga, 
obtusa, atro-purpurea, cucullata, me neata; 3 inferiora paulo 
longiora, alba, limbo parvo medio purpureo, iex Ad angusto 
elongato. Stamina segmentis Mi putos Dii paulo brevi 

BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Mount Zomba and pee Malosa, 
alt. 4000-6000 ft., Whyte. 


552. Gladiolus venulosus, Baker [Irideæ] ; ad G. vr AN 
Baker, (G. Kirkil, Pun Ha ndb. Irid. p. 229) magis ae cedi it. 


brevibus ‘deors um Sate ts ere liberis anguste linearibus 
rigidulis glabris preditus. Spica a secunda, ¢ —6 poll. longa ; 
spathe valve exteriores lanceolate, 9-18 lin. longs, dimidio 
J inferiori scariosæ, acumine herbac Cow.. Perianthium album, 

lilacino tinctum et venis pulchre lilacinis percursum ; tubus. 


283 


leviter curvatus, 6 lin. longus; segmenta superiora oblon 
spathulata, Neh cucullata, 12-15 lin. inca ; inferiora Günbimtiin, 
vix minora. Stamina limbo duplo brevi 


BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Near Fort Hill, Nyasa-Tanganyika 
iiaii 35000-4000 ft., Whyte. 


553. Mori nyikensis, Baker [Iridee]; ad Œ. Grantii, Paks, 
magis accedit. 

Cormus globosus, parvus. Caulis gracilis, pocos foliis 6-8 
anguste "naribus rigidulis glabris præditus, infimo pedali, 
superioribus sensim minoribus. Spica laxa, miniis semipedalis ; : 
Spathsz valve papel 12-15 lin. longs, basi ovate, scariose, 
acuminibus herbaces, virides. Perianthium album, plus minusve 
lilacino tinctum ; tubus curvatus, MES semipollicaris ; ; 
segmenta superiora oblongo-spathulata, subacuta, haud cucullata, 
15 lin. longa; inferiora consimilia, vix aS ' Stamina limbo 
triplo breviora 

BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. 6000-7000 ft., 
Whyte. 


554. Gladiolus een) Johnstoni, Baker [Iridese]; ad 
G. quartinianum, A. Rich., magis accedit; recedit floribus 
minoribus rubris segmentis superioribus minus cucullatis stami- 
nibus brevibus 

Folia ORTA lanceolata, rigide coriacea, 12-15 lin. lata, venis 
marginibusque incrassatis stramineis.  Caw/is simplex, foliis 


paucis rudimentariis vaginantibus p a simplex, laxa, 
secunda, 6-1 longa ; Ts valva erior viridis 9-15 li 
nga. Perianthium rubrum ; tubus cu rvatus, infundibularis, 9 lin 


longa ; TE inferiora multo minora. Stamina limbo triplo 
T 
SH CENTRAL AFRICA. Mount Zomba and Mount Malosa, 
a 4000-6000 ft., M hyte 
A fine plant, ahi Jodi be well worth introducing into 
cultivation. 


555. Gen DEMON Baker [Irideæ]; ad G. luridum 

elw., magis a 

Folia afi linearia, rigida, glabra, sesquipedalia, 3 lin. 
lata, venis marginibusque incrassatis stramineis. Caulis pedalis 


et ultra, interdum furcatus, foliis paucis productis praeditus, 
infimo elongato. ten laxa, sec unda, 6-9 poll. longa; spathæ 
valve exteriores firmul:, virides, oblongæ vel lanceolatæ, 9-12 


lin. longæ, Perianthium ‘lilacinum, pollicare, tubo brevi curvato ; 
segmenta superiora oblonga, obtusa, insigniter cucullata; 3 in- 
feriora paulo breviora, limbo pero Atrobrunneo, ungue elongato 
angusto. Stamina limbo paulo bre 


BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nen. sista’ alt. 6500-7000 ft., 
id PM. Described from specimens cultivated in a garden at 


284 


556. Hypoxis o ote oligophylla, Baker © nw ent papi 
Hypoxidex] ; gracillima, uniflora, foliis 2-3 lineari-subulatis 

Cormus oblongus, 34 lin. diam., phe nicis interioribus mem- 
branaceis supra collum productis. ’ Folia producta 2-3, erecta, 
lineari-subulata, 2-3 poll. longa, obscure pilosa, uninervata, costa 
incrassata angulata. Pedunculus gracilis, uniflorus, erectus, 11-2 
oll. longus, Superne ilosus. Perian thii segmenta oblongo- 


Stamina perianthio triplo breviora, antheris linearibus luteis, 
cr n brevissimis. Ovarium clavatum, pilosum, 1j 1 
lon 


MAPIGIabI Mount Antety, Forsyth Major, 669. 
Of this very dwarf slender mountain species the nearest ally is 
the Angolan H. monanthos, Baker. 


557. Hypoxis (Euhypoxis) malosana, Baker [Amaryllidacez- 
on ad H. canaliculatam, Baker, angolensem magis 
cedit 


re 
pilosi; bractez lineares, parve. Ovarium turbinatum, den 
pilosum, Perianthii segmenta lanceolata, dorso dense pilosa, 
Stamina brevissima. Capsula medio cireumscis 
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Mount Milósk. near Zomba, 
alt. 4000-6000 ft., Whyte. 


558. Hypoxis (Euhypoxis) nyasica, rah ade Et Escort KEMA 
Hypoxideae] ; ad H. obtusam, Burch., magis a 

Folia basalia scariosa, glabra ; cætera n iait Jun linearia, 

rm pilosa, pedalia, ə lin. Pedunculi interdum 6-7, 
erecti vel patuli, sparse ees folie breviores. Flores pauci, in 
racemos laxos aggregati; pedicelli breves, ascendentes, pilosi; 
bractez minute, lineares. Ovarium turbinatum, pilosum. Peri- 
anthii segmenta oblonga, flava, 3—4 lin. lo onga, dorso dense pilosa. 
Stamina limbo duplo breviora, filamentis brevissimis. Capsula 
medio circumscissa 

BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Mount Zomba and Mount Malosa, 
alt. 4000-6000 ft., Whyte 


Pent Crinum (Codonocrinum) parvum, Baker [Amaryllidew- 
maryllex] ; ex affinitate C. pauciflori, Baker 

nd ovoideus, parvus, in collum haud productus. Folia 
5-7, synanthia, linearia, glabra, flaccida, 6-9 poll. longa, medio 
6-7 lin. lata. Pedunculus gracilis, uniflorus, foliis equilongus ; 
spathe valve eeu Perianthium sessile, tubo cylindrico 
erecto viridulo 3 poll. longo, segmentis fancoolatia dorso rubro- 
vittatis 3 poll. pee 6 lin. latis. Stamina limbo paulo breviora, 
antheris 3—4 lin. longis. 

EasT TROPICAL AFRICA. Banks of the Zambesi River. 
Flowered in the garden of W. E. unit ets. Esq., of Queenstown 
Ireland, in May 1896. 


285 


560. Anthericum (Trachyandra) pueri rA dd [Liliacem- 
Asphodeles$]; ad A. Gerrardi, Baker, magis a 


Folia radicalia multa, anguste linearia, Kis 6-8 poll. longa, 
pilis mollibus patentibus parce vestita. Pedunculus gracilis, 
subteres, brevis, simplex vel ER dense vel sparse Aree 
Racemi laxissimi, 6-9 poll. longi, pedicellis brevibus solitariis 


Koi Stamina perianthio paulo breviora, antheris 
oblong * filaments paulo brevioribus. Capsula globosa, muricata, 
2 pa 

TISH ,. GENERAL AFRICA. Mount Malosa, near Zomba, 
= 4000-6000 ft., Whyte. 


561. AS e (Dilanthes) Whytei, Baker [Liliaces-Aspho- 
delee]; ab A. trifloro, Ait., (A. Cameroni, Baker) presertim 
recedit foliis pubescentibus. 


Folia linearia, decretis ee et ultra, 6-9 lin. lata, venis 
crebris elevatis, utri den persistenter pubescentibus. 
Pedunculus anceps, ers ihis, simplex, pedalis. Racemus simplex, 
brevis, superne densus, pedicellis brevibus medio articulatis, 


. longum 
carina pallide brunnea. Stamina perianthio paulo breviora. 
antheris linearibus magnis, filamentis brevissimis. Ovarium 
globosum ; stylus antheras superans 


BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Mount Zomba, alt. 2500-3500 ft., 
Whyte. 


562. Chlorophytum floribundum, — Ae cen EPAR 
ad C. gallabatensem, Schweinf., magis a 


Folia pee sessilia, lanceolata, ie glabra, pedalia 
et ultra, o 1-2 poll. lata, venis laxis perspicuis. Racemi 5 
cy lindrici, cen ascendentes, paniculam lam formantes ; 
pedicelli 3—4-ni, breves, pubescentes, medio articulati; bractez 
lanceolate, inferiores magne. Perianthium album, oblongum, 
in. longum, segmentis lanceolatis obscure carinatis. Stamina 
arianthio paulo breviora, antheris is oblongis. Ovarium 
globosum, acute angulatum ; stylus elongatus, curvatus. 


BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Mount Zomba, alt. 2500-3500 ft., 
Whyte. 


563. Albuca (Falconera) ios Baker [Liliacez-Scillee]; ad 
A. polyphyllam, Baker, magis accedit 


Bulbus globosus, 2 poll. diam., fibris coronatus, Folia 30—40, 
erecta, subteretia, viridia, pedalia, glabra, facie profunde can- 
aliculata, dorso rotundata. Pedunculus manane semipedalis. 
Flores T5; gorgaibori 5 pedicelli erecti, 3-6 poll. longi ; bractez 
parve, lanceolate. Perianthium oblon m, ctus albis lete 
Viridi-vittatis, exterioribus lineari-oblongis l poll. longis, igit 
oribus brevioribus apice incurvatis. Stamina 6, segmen 


286 


interioribus paulo breviora, antheris omnibus fertilibus, filamentis 
applanatis. Stylus‘ triqueter, trisulcatus, validus, ovario oblongo 
ior. 


TRANSVAAL. Adlam. Flowered at Kew, June, 1897. 


564. Albuca (Falconera) nyikensis, Baker [Liliaceæ - Scillex] ; 
ad A caudatam, Jacq., et A. fastigiatam, Dryand., magis accedit. 

Bulbus globosus, magnus. Folia linearia, glabra, deorsum 
9 lin. lata, ad apicem sensim attenuata. Palincubiss " elongatus, 
validus, teres. Racemus laxus, cylindricus, inc pedalis, 


pedicellis e ibus, infimis 11-2 poll. longis; bracteæ 
lanceolate, acuminate, pedicellis breviores. Per janthium oblon- 
m, poll. niii: segmenta lineari-oblonga, alba, dorso 


carinata, carina lete viridi multinervata. Stamina perianthio 

ulo breviora, antheris € fertilibus, Dioni tis linearibus. 
Ovarium oblongum; stylus validus, ovario paulo longior. 
Capsula ovoidea, 9 lin. oe, Semina multa, turgida, opaca, 
brunnea. 


BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. 6000-7000 ft., 
Whyte, 246. 


565. MENU E tei africana, N. E. Brown [ Aroides]; R. Kunst- 
leri, Hook.” fil., oa differt venis magis ascendentibus 
et spatha mene ri 

Caulis alte Suppe. 80-100 wn der. parte florifera 6 lin. 
crassus. Foliorum petioli 6-10 lin longi; lamins 8-21 poll. 
longe, 24-4} poll pers dente IN speci bep acuminate, 

ale: 


sessilis, 34-4 poll. longus. Ovarium imperfecte 2-loculare, ovulis 
pluri 

Coan GUINEA. Fernando Po, Mann, 103. Sierra Leone, near 
Sakuru, Scott Elliot, 4940, and near Kurusu, Scott Elliot, 5524. 
Ashantee, Assin-yan-Coomassie, Cummins, 47 


566. Rhaphidophora pusilla, N. E. Brown [Aroidem]; species 
caule tenüissimo et spathis parvis facile distinguitur 

Caulis tenuissimus, 3-1 lin. crassus, radicans, gla bors Foliorum 
petioli 4—42 poll. longi ; laminæ 5-61 poll. longe, 11-14 poll. late, 
suboblique. FEDERE acuminate, "basi cuneato-acute, utrinque 


glabre, venis num s parallelis. Pedunculi 1}-2 poll longi, 
— quam petioli lee breviores. Spatha 1-9 lin. longa, 
a 3 lin. diam., dum convoluta cylindrica subulato-rostrata. 


Spadiz 4-5) lin. longus, sessilis. Ovarium imperfecte 2-loculare 
pluriovulatum. 

FRENCH CONGO TERRITORY. Gaboon: Sierra del Crystal 
Mann, 1700. 


567. Pennisetum rcr s pee SURE Stapf [Gramineæ- 
Paniceæ] ; P. uniseto, Benth., millima, sed gluma ii. magis 
evoluta 3-5-nervi, et glumis iii. e Á similibus distincta. 


287 


Culmi erecti, graciles, ramosi, superne plus gr wh Aer 
glabri, leves, multinodi. Foliorum vagine subarctae, gla bre 
vel ad nodos an ilose; ligule ad pilorum M odaad 
laminæ lineares vel lanc eolato- lineares, longe attenuate, basi 
anguste vel eibi iolatz, ad 1 ped. longe, 5 lin. late, pem. 
subglauce, scaberule vel XE. ds nibus exceptis leves. Racem 
longe tenuiterque pedunculati, solitarii vel geminati, e vagin 
superioribus orti, 1—2 poll. longi., rhachi scabrida. Sodditàe saim- 

lin. 1 


bricatae, lanceolato-oblongae, acutae, -14 ngae, seta basali 
circiter vae longa; gluma i. rotundata, hyalina, enervis, }+ lin 
nga, t 1 oblongo-lanceolata, acuta vel acuminata, 


lon. ovata vel o o 
Pe iU minute scaberula spiculam equans vel dimidio 
brevior; cætera ut in P. uniseto. 

eae P egens AFRICA. Shire Highlands, Soche Hill, 
3000 ft., 


568. Andropogon (Sorghum) trichopus, Stapf [Graminew-Andro- 
pogonee] A. bipennato, Hack., affinis, sed paniculae ramulis sub 
EL. ciliatis et arista brevi 4 lin. Tn distincta. 

Culmi 4-5 ped. alti, graciles. Foliorum vaginae superiores 
longissime, glabre, leves; ligule pubescentes ; ; laminæ subse- 

volutæ, glabræ, le teed gcn 4—6 poll. longee. Panicula 
besten, Tineart-obiohg». 6-10 p onga; rami primarii ad 4 poll. 
longi, 6-articulati, a tst, sa ei flexuosi, patuli vel demum 
erecti, filiformes vel capillares ; ramuli ultime ordinis sub 
spiculis ciliati ; articuli eleganter ciliati. Spicule solitarisz, 
lanceolate vel lanceolato-oblonge, 2-21 lin. longs, pallide; 
gluma i. truncata, sub apice hyalino albo-pilosa, tenuiter 5-9. -nervis ; 
ii. glabra, apice hyalino-triangularis, minute ciliata ; quam 


longa ; palea nulla. Antherw 1} lin. longe. Pedicelli steriles 
eleganter ciliati, quam spicule sessiles 1 breviores. 

UPPER GUINEA. Niger Region, Nupe, in open plains, Barter, 
1375. 


569. Anthoxanthum madagascariense, Stapf [Graminez-Phala- 
rideo] proxima A. Zcklonii (Hierochloe Ecklonii, Nees), sed 
spiculis dins mus piu minoribus distine ta. 

Culmi erecti vel sapere: M 1 ped. alti. Folia 3-4 basalia 
et 1 vel 2 a basi remota ; æ glabra, leves vel minutiss sime 
scaberule, striate ; Heule emet 4-1 lin. longe; lamine 
lineares, subcallose acute, riom 1-3 poll. longæ 14-2 lin. 


late, out n — reverse pilose, cxterum 
plerumque laberrime, a sspe sparse minuteque scaberule, 
Drtalteriter striate. Panoias spiciformis, ad 2 poll. longa, 


ramulis Lenses pilosis. Spicule purpurascentes, 25-21 lin, 
longe ; gluma i. 1-nervis quam ii. 3-nervis paulo brevior ; iii. et iv. 
equales, pilosule, 24 lin. longee, vacuæ, illa supra modia breviter, 
h medium longius psg v. obtusissima vel sub- 
rginata, 9-nervis, vix 1 lin. longa ; palea s ub wen hermaphro- 
dito glumae v. squilonga vel prodi. longior, tenuiter l-nervis. 
Stamina 2; antherz 1 lin. lo 


MADAGASCAR. Without oaia Baron, 2050, 4098. 


288 


This species belongs to R. Brown's genus Ataxia which has 
been reduced to Hierochloe, but wrongly, as it has much more in 
common with Anthoxanthum. It is very near the South African 
A. Ecklonii, Stapf (Hierochloe Ecklonii, Nees), which has, how- 
ever, larger and pale green spikelets and sometimes a male flower 

ith glume iii. 


570. Ehr = delicatula, Stapf  [Gramines - Phalarid eel ; 
nis E. ?recte, Lam., sed differt duratione annua, spiculis 
minoribus, nia 3. 


Annua, ad 14 ped. alta. end reip graciles, glabri vel 
minute Ete circiter 3-nodi. Foliorum vaginæ arcte, 
glabre vel pilose ; ligulae preva truncate ; lamine lineares, 
1-34 poll longs, 1-2 lin. late, flaccida, minute pilosule vel 
glabrescentes. Panicula angusta, subsecunda, 1-34 poll. longa, 
rhachi glabra filiformi, ramis — patulis simplicibus vel 

lin. 1 


ce ramulosis. Spicule iepen utantes, 1-1} li n. longe ; gluma 

i. lanceolata, acuminata, t lin. longa, 3-nervis, pilosula vel glabra ; 
ii. similis, 1 lin. longa ; i i. and iv. anguste oblongæ vel obovato- 
, Subacuminatæ val acute, 5-nerves, transverse rugoss, 


ebarbate ; iii. paululo brevior; iv. basi utrinque appendice 
semiorbiculari ornata; v. elliptico-oblonga, minute truncata vel 
subacuta, 5-nervis, iv. aequans.  Lodicule glabre. Stamina 3; 

therz 1 lin. longe.—E. panicea var. cuspidata, Nees in Fl. Afr 
Austr., p. 225 (var. mucronata, p. 226) ex parte. 


CAPE COLONY. Little Namaqualand, near Mieren Kasteel, 
among shrubs, Drege, 508. Tulbagh Division, Roodezand, Drége. 


Nees quo E. panicea var. mucronata also from the 
ered localities ¢ Elleboog Fontein (Little Pamagal), 
Ebenezar (Clanwilliam Div.) and Slangenhuivel (Tulbagh Div.) ; 
but from the description (l.c. p. 225 & p. 226), it appears that at 
least some of the specimens referred to do not belong here. 


571. Ehrharta Rehmannii, Wes Lines Phalarides] ; 
proxima E. calycine, Sm., sed m mosa, culmis 6-8-nodis, 
foliis rigidioribus, bee aldea iii. et iv. glabris glumas 
i. et ii. paulo superantibus distincta. 
Perennis, 1-2 ped. alta. Culmi a basi interdum prostrata, 
m ramosa, ae Premier erecti, graciles, leves, 6- 8-nodi, 
internodio longissimo ad 3 poll. longo. Foliorum vagine glabree 
vel reverse villosule ; ligule brevissime, ciliate ; lamin:e lineares, 
breviter acute, 1-4 poll. longe, 11-3 lin. late, rigid, glauce, 
la 


angusta, ul poll. longa, subsecunda, swpissime ad emum 
redacta, ramis suberectis vel patulis rarius umo sube spillaribus 
puberulis. * Spicul pallidæ, oblongæ, 24-3 lin. longs ; glume i. 
et ii. subæquales, anguste oblong:e, obtusæ, distinctius nervose ; 
iii. et iv. glumas preecedentes paulo superantes, glabre, illa angusto 
lineari-oblonga acuta, haec oblonga obtusa mucronata vel mi 

cuspidata sepius transverse rugosa basi utrinque he 
semilunari majusculo ornata ebarbata; v., ut in L, calycina, 


glaberrima, 


289 


CAPE COLONY. Without locality, Harvey, 318, 329, 335. Cape 
Div., Table Mountain, Ecklon, 419 (partly). Ri versdale Div., 
Zoetmelks Riv. Burchell, 6712. George Div., Postberg near George, 
Burchell, 5914 ; Outeniqua Mts., Montagu Pass, Rehmann, 14. 


Rehmann’s specimens have been distributed as Æ. ramosa, var. 
Rehmanni, Hack. ms 


912. Agrostis fissa, Stapf [Graminez- -Agrostideze]; proxima 
A. schimperiane, Hochst., sed spiculis paulo majoribus et gluma 
iii. ad 1-1 fissa e fissura aristata et arista longiore distincta. 


Culmi geniculati, 2-3 ped. alti, 8-9-nodi, fere daja longitudine 
vaginati, nodis inclusis. Foliorum vagina; laxiusculæ, leve ve el 
a 


longe; rhachilla brevissime producta, glabra; glume i. et ii. 
æquales vel subæquales, lanceolatæ, be di Brio veri scaberule ; 
iii. oblonga, $ lin. lon ga, trunca ad 1-i fissa, lobo utroque 
2-dentato, glabro, 5-nervi, nervis lateralibus brevissime excur- 
rentibus, ces glabro, arista gracillima recta vel subrecta e fissura 
o palea 1 lin. paulo longior, 2-dentata. Antheræ vix j lin. 
longæ. esta vestita, Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. trop. Afr. p. 128 (quoad 
specimen citatum 
YSSINIA. ‘Gageh Merki, 8700 £ft, Schimper (1863-8 

collection), 1093. .. 

The fissure of glume iii. may already be observed in a very 
Leid state, and the awn springs right from the base of it. When 

e the awn is rather decidous. 


913. Agro: AUS uid Le ee A gros dessus e grege 
A. munroane, Aitch (Calamagrostis munroane, 
Boiss.), foliis tenuiter Panic. rigidulis glaucis, arista 
po spiculis minutis validiuscula, rhachi brevissime continuata 

istincta. 

Culmi graciles, e senpia glaberrimis densis erecti, 1-1} pe 
alti, ad vel ultra me vaginati, 1-2-nodi, nodis ae: 
Foliorum vaginae lated: ligulas à 1 paza onei hyalinæ, 


ramis remote fasciculatis admodum inæqualibus (longioribus ad 
2 poll. "amd E ibus sparse ramulosis levibus, pedicellis 
scaberulis. ? virides vel purpurascentes, circiter 1 lin. 
longs, rha ecu ie ssu brevissimo pilosulo; gluma i. et ii. 
lanceolate, acuminate, interdum mucronulatz, l-ne erves, carinis 
scaberulis, ii. quam i. paululo brevior; iii. quam ii. vix brevior, 
ee, truncata, pilosa, basi 5- superne 4-nervis, nervis exteriori- 
bus in setulas asperas breves interioribus in dentes. „productis, 
callo LM barbato, arista subbasilari 2 Hu longa ad medium 


290 


geniculata infra torta; palea eem "n subzequans, lanceolata, 
2-dentata. Antherce obtuse, | in. lon Dip 108,2 a quingueseta, 
K. Schum. in Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost- Ar. e 

GERMAN EAST AFRICA. kilistiandjiro,:  Kifnika Volcano, 
Volckens, 1856. 


4. Agrostis griquensis, Stapf [Graminew—A grostidez ] ; affinis 
A. poen late, Vill, sed gracilior, spiculis pau ulo minoribus, 
gluma iii. aristulata, antheris minimis, caryopsi lineari-oblonga 
gulcata. 

Annua. Culmi geniculati, graciles, pauta ut tota planta 
glabri, ad 1 ped. alti. Foliorum vagin: leves; ligule oblonge, 
acute, ad 1 lin. longe ; laminæ angustissime lineares, acute, l-2 poll. 
long, 4—4 lin. late, leves vel supra leviter scaberule. Panicula 
spiciformis, sepe UN densa, perangu sta, 1-14 poll. longa ; 
rami breves, a basi mulosi, rhachi appressi, asperuli. Spiculæ 
brevissime Taai un, $ lin. longz, pallide virides; rhachilla 
haud continuata; gluma i. et ii. subequales, oblong, obtuse vel 
subemarginate, interdum mucronulate, age marginibus 
ciliolatis ; iii. quam i. paulo brevior, truncata, apice ciliolata vel 
i tenuissima, obscure 5-nervis, asm “i sae arista 

rminali, ‘callo glabro; palea 4 brevior, Anthere 
Y lin. longe, obtuse. Caryopsis lineari-o oblonga, conspicue 
sulcata, } lin. long, i in gluma iii. paleaque arcte inclusa 
Bes UTH AFRICA. Griqualand West, near Griquatown, Burchell, 
1863. 


5. Agrostis continuata, Stapf re): affinis 
A. yon on et A. natalensi, Stapf, sed glumis i. et ii. tenuiter 
acuminatis, iii. ie rhachilla continuata distinc 

Culmi erecti, 1-2 ped. alti, Bt tota planta antt paucinodi. 
Foliorum vagin: arcte, glabre; ligule 1 lin.longs, obtuse ; 
laminz lineares, acute attenuate, ad 6 poll. longee, 1-1} lin. late, 
plus minusve flaccidæ, scaberule vel subtus leves. " Panicula 
subspiciformis, interrupta ad 6 poll. longa, rami fasciculati, 
fasciculis densis erectis oblongis, admodum in:quales, longiores 
ad 21 poll. longi ad 6-9 lin. lati simplices, czeteri a basi ramulosi, 
parce as — ; pedicelli plerumque spieulis breviores. Spicule 
virescentes 2 lin. longe; rhachilla brevissime producta, arista 
gracillima 1-2 lin. longa vel rarius gluma imperfecta terminata ; 
glume i. et ii. equales vel subsequales, lineari-lanceolate, tenuiter 
acuminate, scaberulæ ; iii. oblonga, 1 lin. sublongior, me is, 
inferne 5- superne 4-nervis, 4-dentata vel 4-mucronata (mucroni- 
bus exterioribus plerumque longioribus) secundum idem 
pilosula, callo minute pilosulo, arista supra basin orta scabra medio 
subgeniculata ; Leu quadrato-oblonga, 2-dentata, hyalina, 4—} lin. 
longa. Antheræ ł lin. longe. 

BRITISH posean AFRICA. Nyasaland, Buchanan (1891 
collection), 356. 

6. Agrostis rms Stapf ot eared A. 


POM Hack., affinis, sed foliis multo angustioribus, spiculis 
paulo longioribus, eh iii. breviore et latiore, palea tru truncata 
incta. 


291 


Perennis, 2-3 ped. alta. Culmi erecti, ut tota planta glabri, 
5-6-nodi. Foliorum vagine subarctz, leves ; ligule 3-1 lin. longe ; 
iter attenua 1 


flac 

Panicula erecta, spiciformis, lobata, 4-7 poll. longa; ramuli 
fasciculati, fasciculis densissimis oblongis, admodum in:quales, 
ad 13 poll. longi, a basi ramulosi vel longiores ad 3-4 lin. simplices, 
scaberuli; pedicelli brevissimi. PEOR pallide virides, circiter 
2% lin. longe ; rhachilla non producta ; glume i. et ii. subsequales, 
lineari- oblong, mucronate, scaberule, carina ‘validiuscula ; iii. 
oblonga, truncata, 4- dentata vel 4-mucr onata,l lin. longa, basi 
)-nervis, superne 4-nervis, callo parce pilosulo, arista recta supra 
basin orta scabra ; palea quadrato-oblonga, truncata, hyalina, 1-3 lin. 
longa. Antheree apiculate, 4 lin. longe. Caryopsis oblonga, a 
dorso compressa, sulcata i lin. longa. ; 

NATAL. Umpumulo, 2000 ft., Rev. J. Buchanan, 159. 

This and the preceding species, as well as A. Elliotii, cM iue 
Erg to A. antarctica, Hook. fil., us toa few South Am 

ecies which were described by Nee under Br oe but they 
differ from them in the subbasal encre of the 


911. Avena d Stapf pom æ]; affinis 
A. Neesii, Hook. fiL, glumis i. et ii. fere duplo latioribus 4.-7- 
raed | iii. eine dini 

Culmi ut tota planta gan Foliorum culmorum vaginæ 
subarote, leves, prominenter nervose ; ligule truncate, 4 lin. 
long: ; laminæ lin neares, tenuiter attenuate, 3-5 poll. longs, 
Li lin. late, plane, superne et secundum margines minute 
scaberule. Panicula angusta, erecta, 4 ped. alta ; rami subremote 
case aT. longiores ad poll. longi a basi parce 
ramulosi vel ad oll. simplices, filiformes, scabri. Spicule 
53-64 lin. longer, 2.3. ced rhachilla tenuis. iio ulo o primo minuto 
glabro, caeteris ad 2 lin. longis longe pilosis ; gluma i. lanceolata, 
subacuminata, 3j lin. longa, admodum tenuis, 4—5-nervis ; 
ii. similis, 5 lin. longa, 5- vel sub 7-nervis ; ; glume florentes breviter 
exser anceolatze, giabree, tenuiter granulos sm, prominenter 
9- vol sub 11-nerves, apice bifida, lobis rire subaristulatis, 


iii. 54-64 lin - longa, one oth barbato, arista e medio inserta 
columna 3 lin. seta 6 lin ; pales æ lineari-anceolate 3} lin. | 
longæ, carinis ciliatis. Tolis oblongæ ongæ. 


Caryopsis lineari-oblonga, superne puberula, 2 lin. lon 


PORTUGUESE WEST AFRICA. Mossamedes, E di Chella, 
Newton, 6 


578. Avena er oe Stapf  [Graminew-Avenes]; affinis 
A. Neesii, Hook. fil., spic culis minoribus, glumis vacuis tenuibus 
subhy alinis, gimis fertilibus conspicue scaberulis tenuiter 7- 
nervibus distin 

Perennis. Cul Imi erecti, 21— m Pet. alti, glabri, leves, circiter 


3-nodi. Folia 4-6 prope basin congesta, 3-4 remotiora ; vagin 
firmiuscule, arcte, glabra, nore ligule siamese ad 1% lin. 
longæ ; laminze eee. acute attenuate, 3-1 ped. longe, 13-2 lin. 


14538 ; D 


292 


erecta, 5-7 poll. longa; rami geminati vel 3-4-nati, longiores ad 3 
poll. longi, nutantes, simplices ad 1-1} poll., filiformes, scabridi 

Spicule erecte, 4-5 lin. longs, E flore ; rhachille articuli 
ad 1j lin. longi, pilosi ; glume vacuæ as subhyaline, lanceo- 
late; i.3-nervis,3—33 lin.longa; ii.3-5-nervis, 4—4; lin. longa; glumæ 
florentes breviter exsertz», lanceolate (iii. pem in. "un. glabre, 
seaberule, tenuiter 7-nerves, sub € Scarioge purpurascentes, 
bifidz, ik aristulatis, callo parvo barbato, arista medio 
orta 7-8 lin. longa; palez lineares, 3 lin. longs, carinis superne 
longiuscule | ciliatis. Anthere 1$ lin. longs. Ovarium supra 


p. 298, non Hook. HR. Neesii, Hochst. ex Steud Si 
Gram. p. 227. Danthonia elongata, Hochst. in Flora, 1841, I. 
Intell. Bl. p. 20; A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. II. 


ABYSSINIA. a n Si ee ai IIT. 1993 ; ; Tigre, 
Mt. Sholoda, Schimper, I. ks res DN , (900 ft., Schimper 
(1862 collection), 1002; Roth. Eritrea: Mt. 
Bizen, 6000 ft. MM (1892 eun. 2018. 


579. Avena exem een hae -Avenem]; affinis A. lach- 
nanthe, Hoo culis laxioribus gracilioribus, 
spi iculis nnd: ae disparsia, glumis fertilibus tenuius 
nervosis distincta. 

Culmi e basi debili gracili -— eques 3—4 ped. longi, 
glabri, leves, multinodi. Folior vagine laxe, glabre ve 
infime primo puberule, leves ; ligule truncate, ad 2 Ts long: ; 
laminz lineares, tenuiter attenuate, 5-7 poll. longs, 2 lin. latæ, 
flaccidæ, glabræ, rarissime pubescentes, supra et s marginibus 
minute scaberule. Panicula angusta, laxa, 4-9 poll. longa, erecta 
vel subnutans; rami remote semiverticillati, ge cities. ineequales, 
parce ramulosi ‘vel ey tenuiter filiformes, flexuosi, scaberuli, 
deve ed 2 lin. longi. Spicule disperse, 3 A is. long:, laxe 

-flore ; rhachille A P superiores ad 1j lin. long», longe 
pi ilosze ; Ante vacus pertenues, i. oe acu uta, l-nervis, 
14-2 lin. longa ; ii. obverse lanceolata, acuta vel breviter acuminata, 
24-3 lin. longa, 3-nervis ; glume florentes longe exsertz, oblongo- 
lanceolate, um lin. long, saben; pallide virides, rarius sub apice 
purpurascentes, leves, tenuiter nervose, apice —— bidentate, 
dentibus acutis vel  subaristulatis, callo min barbato, 
arista supra medium orta tenui columna ee puc 1i lin. 
seta 5-7 lin. longa; pales: oblongo-lineares, 25 lin. longæ, carinis 
scaberulis. Antherce i lin. longe. Ovarium apice hispidum, 
deinde ad medium puberulum m.—A. lachnantha, Schweinf. Beitr. 
Ft. rages p. 298, non Hook, fil. Trisetum lachnanthum, Hochst. 
ex A. Rich. Tent. "Fl. Abyss. II. p. 416. 

ABYSSINIA. Simen, Mt. Aber near * Dschenausa,’ Setimper, II. 
859; Shoa, Roth. 


580. Avena longa, Stapf [Graminesz-Avene»]; affinis A. dre- 
geane, Stapf (Triseto dregeano, Sfeud.), sed panicula = longiore 
flaccida laxe contracta et foliis longis flaccidis distincta. 

- Ceespitosa, perennis. Culmi erecti, 2-3 ped. Tee] 
| circiter 3-nodi, ad fere basin paniculae vaginati. Folia. 3.6 pro 


' 293 


basin congesta, 3 remotiora ; — laxiuscule, glabrw, leves ; 
ligule truncate, ad 1j lin. long» ; mine lineares, nee — 
eds attenuate, 6-10 poll. longæ, 15 3 lin. lata (summa 1-2 pol 

onga), plan: vel plus — involuta, flaccid, ie ferar 
mad reso contracta, 9-10 poll. longa, nutans vel flexuosa ; 
rami semiverticillati, pee oy ge 24 poll. longi, filiformes, 
flexuosi, fere a basi ramulosi vel simplices. Spiculæ anguste, 6-9 
lin. longze, 4—5-florz ; rhachilla gracillima, articulis ad 1$ lin. longis, 
longe pilosis; glumz vacus acuminato- VERDE. i. 341-4 lin, ` 
ii -5 lin. longa; glum: florentes longe exserte, lanceolatée 
(iii. 5 lin. longa), glabrz, firmiuscule, leves, pallide virides vel sub 
apice scarioso scaberulo bifido purpurascentes, lobis eta 
callo subulato piloso, arista supra medium orta tenui 10- 
longa ; palex 34 lin. longe, carinis ciliolatis.- Antheree 1-1) d 
longe. Ovarium praeter basin glabrum puberulum et in apice 
hispidulum.— 7'isetum antarcticum, Nees in Linnea xx. p. 204, 
nec qe pedis P 01. 

CAPE COLO Cape of Good Hope, R. arein ; Cape Flats, 
doe sheets Ecklon cei g Zeyher 1807, 1807 


581. Avena turgidula, Stapf [Gramineæ-Aveneæ] ; valde affinis 
A. antarctice, Thunb., sed spiculis ob glumas latiores magis 
approximatas plus rewire imbricatas turgidulis 

Perennis. Culmi erecti, 1- -25 ped. alti, glabri, Fa 3-nodi. Folia 


glabre vel minutissime puberulæ ; ligule truncate, a " 
long: ; laminz lineares, acute attenuate, ad 6 poll. longa, h lin. 
latae, plan; vel involutze, flaccid vel rigidule, subglaucæ, 


plerumque glabrz, superne scaberulæ. Panicula contracta, erecta 
vel subnutans, 4-1 ped. alta; rami semiverticillati, admodum 
inæquales, longiores ad 1 poll. longi, parce ramulosi vel simplices, 
filiformes, scabri. Spiculæ 4-5) lin. longs, virides, turgidule, 
3-4-flore ; rhachilla Ericilii articulis parce vel crebrius pilosis ad 
l lin. longis; glume vacue lanceolate, acuminate, i. 21-3 lin., 
ii. 4-4, lin. longa; glumæ florentes exsertz, eei geret 
(iii. 3l lin. longa), glabrz, pallide virides, obscure granulate, 
apice scariose, bidentate, dentibus aristulatis, catio brevissimo 
oon arista e medio orta tenui 7-9 lin. longa; pales lineares, 
3 lin. longae, carinis ciliatis. Antheræ 4-1 lin. Ovarium supra 
ista: pubescens, apice hispidulum. Caryopsis 14 lin. longa. 
—Trisetum imber e aie Afr. Austr. p. 347 ; T. antarcticum, 
Nees, l.c. p. iss (partim). 

H AFRICA. Cape Colony : without locality Zeyher, 463. 
Queenstown Div., : Shilo, 3500 ft., Drege; Baur 776. Alival North 

uuwenspruit, 4500-5000 ft, Drège. Transkei Div.: 
kan. below 1000 ft, Drege. Tembuland: Bazeia, 2000 ft., 
Baur, 5o4. Natal: "Umzinga, foot of Bigarsberg, Rev. J. 
Buchanan, 100; Greytown, Rev. J. E 172; Reit Ta 

5000 ft., Rev. J. Buchanan, 156. Tra svaal : Preto: 

Wonderboomport, Rehmann 4493. 


582. Avena caffra, Stapf [Gramineæ - Aveneæ]; affinis A. 
antarctice, Thunb., sed panicula flexuosa, rhachilla — pilosa, 
glumis florentibus tenuibus levibus distincta, 


294 


Perennis. Culmi 2 ped. alti, erecti, glabri, 3-4-nodi, ad fere 
sin panicule vaginati. Folia a 6 prope basin congesta 
i ine g 


seabris. Panicula c ontracta, circiter 6 poll. longa, subnutans, 
flaccidula; rami iini vosiisilat ti, admodum inzequales, parce ramu- 
losi vel simplices, tenuiter filiformes, longiores ad 2 poll. longi, 
flexuosi, scabéruli vel hispiduli. Spicu le 4-4} lin. longe, laxe 

4-florz ; rhachilla eei articulis ad 1 lin. longis longe 
pilosis ; ipe vacue pertenues, lanceolate, acumin nate, i. 2-24, 
ii. 25-34 lin. longe; glume flotonbés exser rte, lineari-lanceolate 
(iii. 3-4 lin. longa), glabre, pallid, tenues, leves, tenuissime 
nervose, apice scariose, subbifide, 2-aristulate, vo 
barbato, arista supra — orta tenui 7 lin. lo onga ; palez 
lineares, 3 lin. longæ, carinis sees ciliolatis. Anthei ‘ead 1j 
lin. longe. Ovarium m hispidulum.— Trisetum long gifolium; 
Nees, Fl. Afr. Aust. p. 348 (partim 

CAPE COLONY. Alival North Div.: Wittebergen, on rocks, 
7500 ft., Drége. 


583. ose in ir dag — apf | [Graminesx - Avene 


e TT. barbate, Nees, distincta foliis culmorum quam 
vaginis multo "angustioribus, spieulis pe E i.et ii. 
Voc entia gluma iii. 3-nervi, iv. minute barbulat 

Culmi graciles, 3-4 ped. a u Taat Folia culmorum tantum 
nota, vaginis arctis glabris levibus quam internodiis multo 
brevioribus, laminis angustis 1-1 lin. longis qua. vaginis multo 
angustioribus. Spicularum umbelle numerose in paniculas 


erectas subcontractas disposite, ramis filiformibus e 
rd 


ii. o jede acuta, 3-4 lin. Td 3- nodum Dna 
pubescens, paleam obtusam li lin. longam gerens; iv. lineari- 
ner ay a callo ad arist» insertionem 1j lin. longa, bifida lobis in 
setas 3-4 lin. longas productis, albida, ad loborum basin barbula 


barbato pungente, arist: columna atra 4-5 lin. seta pallida 8-10 
lin. longa ; palea Sari oblonga obtusa 1} lin. lon Stamina in 
utroque flore 3, antheris 3-1 lin. longis. Ovarium glabrum. 


Caryopsis obovbideo-oblonga, 1 lin. longa, sulcata, embryone 
magno. 


WEST TROPICAL AFRICA. Senegambia, Heudelot, 141 ; Sierra 
p" Boon b by the Scarcies River, on dry rocks, Scott Elliot, 


584. cit glabra, Stapf dic eee eto i en repens 

adhuc descriptas 7. mericane, Kunth, simillim 
aed in setas stom productis atque ovario summo oa Sha villosis 
cta. p 


295 


Culmi 14-3 ped. alti, l-nodi. Folia pleraque ad culmorum 
basin congesta, vaginis firmis i mis india villosis ceteris sparse 


n rac 

erectos dcum E Goll longa, eom» rae eii 2-3-natis ad 
3 poll longis; gluma i. lanceolata, acuta, 7-10 lin. longa, 
glaberrima ; ; ii. longe subulato-acuminat a, 12-15 lin., glaberrima ; 
iii. glume ii. similis, sed 10-12 lin ga, 5-T-nervis, paleam biden- 
tatam 9-10 lin. longam gerens; iv. Xr lanceolata, involuta, a 
callo ad aristz insertionem 34 lin. longa, albida, pubescen s, -nervis, 
bifida, lobis in setas ad 10 lin. longas pro o tis, callo pungente 
villoso 12 lin. lon ngo, Bara scabrida 24-3 poll. longa ; palea apice 
truncata et cochlear iformis. Stamina i in utroque flore 2, antheris 
24-3 lin. longis. NIU apice villosum ; styli villosi. 

CENTRAL AND SOUTH AFRICA. Shire Highlands: Blantyre 
L. Scott. Transvaal: Makapans Range, Strydpoort, TAA, 52383; 
Johannesburg, Barber; Potchefstroom, Nelson, 31. 


585. Tristachya biseriata, degen Loan eer A v emen]: T.glabre 
Stapf, (vi vidé supra) affinis, foliis angustissimis peace et 
gluma i. biseriatim EREE ya setosa ii. ee onga distincta. 

ulmi graciles, 1-14 ped. alti, l-nodi. Folia shai ad 
culmorum recs congesta, Mene — firmis € ipsins 
dense tomentosis, laminis angustissime linearibus sæ con 
volutis epe xui ad 9 poll. lo gens glaneis glabris. Spicularum 
capitula 6—7,in racemos tos contractos disposi 
pedunculis infimis geminatis vel solitariis £a 1} oll. longis ; 


l um on lo 

secundum nervos laterales serie glandu m nigrarum seti- 
gerarum ornata ; ii. ei equilonga, pubescens, agiaiid aloes « iii. præ- 
cedenti similis, 8-81 lin. (ones. paleam obtusam 7 lin. longam 
gerens; iv. lanceolato-linearis, a callo ad aristae in Ruane 21 lin. 
longa, albida, pubescens, 7-nervis, bifida, lobis in aristas 451 in. 
longas productis callo pungente villoso 4 lin. longo, arista scabrida 
11-13 p geo palea obtusa apice interdum E 
Cei in utroque flore 3; anthere haud vise. Ovari 
summum et styli villosi. 


SOUTH AFRICA. Basutoland : Leribe, Rev. J. Buchanan, 220. 


586. Trichopteryx gigantea, Stapf Tjeme pg ab 
omnibus speciebus huius generis differt ra fum dine omnium 
partium, et a plerisque SORR staminibus 3, h Qad 2. 

Culmi robusti, 5-12 ped. alti, erecti, tactu asperi vel leves. 
pa pleraque basalia vel subbasalia, vaginis firmis preter 


296 


longa, 5-nervis, interdum nervo uno alterove brevi addito, — 
obtusam 4—5 lin. longam gerens ; iv. lineari-oblonga, teres, 6 

longa, a callo ad aristæ sechs albida demum n nigricans, 
nitida, pubescens, breviter acuteque biloba, callo longo pungente 


villoso-bavbato, arist€ columna ad 33 poll. lon nga, seta brevi ; 
palea linearis, subbifida, 63 lin. longa, carinis crassis approximatis. 
Stamina 3 in utroque flore ; ; anthere 4 lin. longe. Ovarium 


glabrum. ers -yopsis linearis, 44 lin. longa, teres, sulcata ; embryo 
th lin. long 


TROPICAL pR Sudan : Bongo land, Doluthe by fad Howe 
Stinenie gary 2260. Upper Zambesi region: southw of 
Victoria Falls, Baines; Deykah River, saath of Victoria Falls, 
Holub. 


I have little doubt that this is De Notaris’ deua superba from . 
Upper Nubia, which I know only from the description in Ann. Sc. 
Nat. Ser. IIL, XIX. p. 369, a description wich is a mixture 
of accurate observation and sin gular misconception. De Notaris 
describes the spikelets as 3-flowered, viz. with a * neuter " flower 
at the base of the pale of the male flower and appressed to it, and 
consisting of a very short fleshy earshaped * ‘ pale KU He mistook 
sepesi a mee for an additional ** neuter "' flower. ve the 
sam. 


also due to erroneous observation, the fan of the keels and the 
side parts often overlapping in such a way as to produce the 
impression of several lateral nerves. Otherwise, De Notaris’ des- 
cription answers almost exactly that given here of T. gigantea. 


587. S eus camerunensis, Stapf, [Graminew-Avenewm e]; 
T. eleganti, A. Rich., affinis, sed foliis brevibus, nodis fere semper 
glaberrimis, jonieui erred composita, suoi paulo majoribus 
glaberrimis distincta. 

Culmi graciles, erecti vel basi geniculati, 1—23 cte r — 
2-3-nodi. Folia 3-4 basalia vel subbasalia, 1-3 r is 
arctis firmis hirsutis vel iahon ad neis m ani 
glaberrimis imis persistentibus haud in fibras solutis, laminis 
linearibus acutis 2—4 poll. longis 2-2} lin. latis viridibus hirsutis 
vel glabrescentibus. Ponicula erecta vel subnutans, 2-6 po 
longa, contracta vel subaperta, ramis inferioribus 2-2-natis 


Spicule brunnee, nitide, glaberrime, 55-65 lin. longe ; gluma i. 
ovata, obtusa, 2 lin. longa ; ii. lanceolata, obtusa, 541-6). lin. longa ; 
iii. lanceolata, acuminata, ii. sub»qualis, 3-nervis; iv. linea ri- 
ob. pubese ens, 3 lin. longa, breviter bifida, callo brevi 

tomentoso barbato basi exciso, arista subgracili 14-2 poll. longa 
ad j inferiorem geniculata. Stamina 2. Ovarium glabrum. 
—Loudetia elegans, Hook. fil. in Journ. Linn. Soc. VII. p. 229, non 
Hoc 


cns GUINEA. Cameroon Mountains, Mann, 1346, 2080. 


I found the nodes always perfectly glabrous, with a single 
exception, in which near the base of a culm there were a few s 
hairs present. 


297 


588. Trichopteryx mi Fhe Stapf ' [Graminew-Avenew ] ; valde 
affinis 7. simplici, Benth., 
foliis perlongis angustissimis sepiu s planis superne _capillaribnls 
paniculis pedalibus vel ultrapedalibus flavidis uberibus 


Culmi e d densis strictissimi, po 21 3 ped. alti, 
glabri vel hirsuti, 2-3-nodi. Folia circiter 2 prope basin, 2-3 
remota, vaginis Kelis glabris vel hirsutis ad nodos barbatis vel 
glabris infimis basi tomentosis demum in fibras solutis, ligulis ad 
seriem pilorum reductis, laminis "aros pato linearibus 1-14 pe 
longis ad 1 lin. latis apicem versus longe capillaribus glebris 
hirsutisve rigidis. Panicula contracta, danke vel laxiuscula 
1-1} ped. longa, flavida, ramis sspe permultis semiverticillatis 
cüpillaribus longioribus ad 6 lin. mettent us sepeque ad 
medium simplicibus. Spicule 45-6 lin. longs, glabre, structura 
T. simplicis nisi gluma ii. saepe iii. equante vel subsuperante. 


UPPER GUINEA. Niger region: Nupe, Jeba, Barter. 


589. Trichopteryx acuminata, Stapf E ESE oris æ]; 
habitu 7’, M Hiris. ba (vide taney similis, glumis longe 


setaceo-acuminatis nibus 3 dis 
Culmi eiie. 4 Peg ait , glabri, loves, Folia l— € tantum 
nota, vaginis glaberrimis arctis, igulis seriem pilorum minu- 


torum redacta, laminis convolutis- e hon capillariter attenuatis, 
4-6 poll. longis, glabris vel supra minutissime puberulis. 
Panicula erecta, angusta, laxiuscula, circiter 9 poll. longa, 


ne 
oblonga, 13-2 lin. longa, superne minute puberula, breviter 
bifida, callo barbato parvo, arista n seabrida 1-1} poll. 
longa ad vel infra medium geniculata. Stamina in utroque 
flore 2; antherae 3-1 lin. Ovarium glabrum 


UPPER Rene Niger region : Nupe, Barter: 


590, Trichopteryx hordeiformis, Stapf  [Gramines-A venes ; 
inter generis ie es panieula densa aristis longissimis crinita 
Pd eal ua. 


nnua, gregaria. Culmi stricti, 3 ped. alti, glabri, 3-nodi. 
vaginæ erectæ, superne um margine 


verticillatis Doe dene appressis brevioribus: Spiculæ flavide, 
641-71 e ongs, glanduloso-setose ; gluma i. oblonga, obtusa, 
2-3 lin.longa; i i liidrina ta, longe seismic aei te truncata, 
64-75 lá. longs.;- iii. lanceolato-oblonga, su subacuta, 33-4 lin. longa, 
paleam acutam 14-2 lin. longam gerens; iv. oblongo-linearis, 


298 


13-2 lin. longa, pubescens, breviter bifida, callo villoso barbato 
gracili acuto, arista hispidula eer ies 1 poll. seta 3-4 poll. longa ; 
palea linearis, subobtusa 1} lin. ga. Stamina in utroque 
flore 2 ; antherae 1} lin. 
UPPER GUINEA. Niger region: Nupe and Borgu, Barter, 954. 
Barter states that in Borgu the inner plains covered with this 
gregarious species resemble barley crops. 


591. Trichopteryx annua, Stapf [Graminese-Avenese]; proxi 
T. hordeifori mi, Stapf, (vide supra), sed foliis brevibus et aparer 
laxiuscula minore multo pauperiore distincta. 

Culmi solitarii vel 2 3 fasciculati, stricti, 2 ped. alti et ultra, 
leves, 3-no E. L hate um vagine arcte, glabre vel tuberculis 
ongona par aspersæ ; ligule ad seriem pilorum reducte ; laminæ 

P e Aa o atenante, 21-4 poll. longæ, 1-2 lin. latæ, 
ds vel marginibus revolute, sepius horizontaliter patentes, 
subrigid:e, glauce, tuberculis setigeris We negem secundum mar- 
ginem instructe. Panicula wie sagnste ad 5 poll. longa, 
laxiuscula, rhachi inferne tereti glabra, ramis sem iverticellatis 
geminatisve filiformibus l Perin e vel '2-3-spiculatis, brevibus. 
Spicule flavidæ, ad 74 lin. long, glanduloso-setose ve sub- 
glabr:, rarius glaberri æ; gluma i. ovato-oblonga, obras, 24-3 lin. 
longa ; ii. lanceolata, reni to-acuminata, obtusa vel truncata, ad 
T} lin. longa ; iii. quam secunda multo brevior, truncatula. 
SUDAN. Jur: Ghattas’ chief seriba, Schweinfurth, 2007. 
spikelets are too young for complete description ; but the 
pli. is so well marked, that it is easily recognisable from the 
characters given Mn "The awns are 1- -l] in. long in the most 
advanced spikelets. 


ze Trichopteryx pa ea aa l aeiae att affinis 
T. simplici, Benth., sed vaginis infimis latiusculis albidis longe 
is haud in fibras solutis, ponner aulo minoribus pro 
oo latioribus, gluma i. longiore acutissima, iv. 9-nervi 

dist 
ded Culmi erecti, ad 13 ped. alti, glabri vel papon pilosi, 
3-nodi. Foliorum vaginæ , infime basi latiuscule atque longe 
albido-villosz, subpersistentes, haud in fibras solute, superiores 
Panic gd subflexuosa, angusta, 3-6 poll. longa, rhachi 


interdum pilo ramis paucispieulatis filiformibus scabridis, 
S natis Spicul Mk idm, 4—5 lin. longae, glabre ; gluma i. ovata, 
peacit , 24-3 onga ; ii. eas olata, truncata, 4—5 lin. longa ; 


^pa t ot li. subzequalis ; iv lineari-oblonga, 2 lin. longa, 
á atic ad ariste insertionem pubescens, 9-nervis, bifida, callo 
rvo pungenti-villoso barbato, arista gracili infra medium geni- 
vagus 1 poll. longa. Stamina in utroque flore 2; antheræ 1 lin. 


H AFRICA. Transvaal: Pretoria, Rehmann, 4730; Magalies 
esa ots Derde Poort, Nelson, 75. 


593. Trichopteryx ramosa, Stapf Lieder ig Xon inter 
m ene species generis habitu suffrutescente ramoso insignis. ; 


299 


Suffrutescens, ramosa, glaberrima,ad 13 ped. alta, ramis culmisque 
gracilibus. oliorum vagin: infim:e æ latiuscule, aper tæ, ut ceterae 
tenuiter p irs mec seriem pilorum brevissimorum reducte ; 
lamine angus eares, se se as 3—4 poll. longs, 

1-1} lin. late. MEN angustissi ma, 2-4 poll. longa, erecta vel 
subflexuosa, rhachi €—t paucispiculatis ei anre levibus. 
Spicule pallide, 3-3} lin. longe; glume tenues; lanceolato- 
oblonga, a acuta,,, OY lin. longa; ii. tae eoblata, delta. 3-34 lin. 
longa; iii, priori similis, 7-nervis, nervis intimis abbreviatis, paleam 
lanceolato-oblongam 23 lin.lo nga m gerens ; iv.lineari-oblonga, 2-24 
= longa, glabra, demum purpureo- d bifida, 7-nervis, callo 

uso parvo barbato, arista tenui 4 lin. longa infra medium torta ; 
ie niat: lance olata, 21 lin. longa. enia in utroque flore 2. 
Ovarium glabrum, | Caryopsis ee 1 lin. longa, 
grises embryone magno 4 lin. ; 
H AFRICA. Kalahari Maier. Griqualand, Klip Fontein, 
Burchell, 2164. 


594. Alsophila Batesii, Baker [Filices-Cyatheaces]; ex affini- 
tate x: T ees Hook. 

Caudex 2-3 pedalis. Stipites elongati, graciles, nudi, inermes, 
EPA paleis basalibus rigidis castaneis ——— — 
nati Frondes oblongo-deltoides, bipinnate, mem 
cse virides, glabræ, 34 pedes longe, 15-18 p oll. cin iiao 
nuda inermi, pinnis lanceolatis sessilibus ad gus pinnatis, 
inferioribus pencis centralibus heec ee majoribus 8-9 poll. 

18-20 lin. latis, segmentis secundariis linearibus obtusis 
iiie recita tis 23 lin. latis, venulis perspicuis 14—15-jugis 
Lehre fureatis. Sori parvi, intramediales, ad furcam venarum 
impositi 

UPPER GUINEA. Cameroon Mountains: Forest at Efulen, 
Bates, 301. 

Bes idee A. Batesii only three species of Alsophila are known 
from Tropical Africa, 


595. Polypodium (Phegopteris) efulense, Baker [Filices-Poly- 
podiacex]; ex affinitate P. Vogelii, Hook., et P. nigritani, Baker. 


tipstee longissimi, graciles, fragiles, supra basin straminei, 
i, 2-3-pedales, pn subbasalibus lanceolatis firmulis brunn —— 
d ribus. rondes deltoidex, decom 


utrinque virides, Bo preter costas glabrae , dorso obscure abes 
centes, tripedales, pinnis infimis distincte petiolati is quam reliquis 
multo majoribus inæquilateralibus latere inferiore valde Drodnotis, 
segmentis ultimis S obtusis crenatis basi in alam costularem 
confluentibus 2-21 lin. lata, venulis laxis obscuris Ar anions m 
ultimis fuistis. “Sori parvi, inter dun et marginem uni 
mediales. 


UPPER GUINEA. Cameroon Mountains: Forest Hill, Efulen, 
Bates, 217. 


596. Polypodium (Grammitis microphyllum, Baker petes 
iud ^e iacem]; dense cæspitosum, ad P. Gilpine, Baker, arct 


14538 


300 


Frondes subsessiles, lineares, obtuse, crenatz», e medio ad basin 
sensim angustate, 12-15 lin. long, 1-1 lin. late, rigide coriaces, 
paleis subulatis brunneis patulis tenuiter vestitæ, costa tenui 
nigrescente, venis simplicibus erecto-patentibus, ad marginem 
haud productis. Sori alterni, globosi, uniseriati, superficiales, 
prope basin laminz ha is HM oducti. 

MAD SCAR. For f Ambohimitombo, province of Tanala, 
alt. 1450-1560 ft., Pora yh Major, 477. 


597. Polypodium (Grammitis) tanalense, Baker [Filices- die 
Lo gee a P. marginello, Sw., frondibus haud nigro-marginat 
cedit. 


Rhizoma breviter repens. Stipites erecti, 9-12 lin. P pilis 
paucis patulis brunneis vestiti. Fre ondes simplices, lineares, 
integra, 4—5 poll. long:e, i 


glabre, margine pilis paucis brunneis preedite ; ven simplices, 
laxze, erecto-patentes, parallele, perspicue, ad marginem haud 


produc Sori uniseriati, oblongi, ad venas terminales, inter 
costam et bodies mediales. 
MADAGASCAR. Forest of Ambohimitombo, province of Tanala, 


Forsyth Maj yor, 185. 


598. Pol pedi. CBepelypedinm) forsythianum, Baker [Filices- 
Polypodiacezx ] ; khasyanum, Hook., arcte accedit. 

Rhizoma censi repens. Stipites cibi plted, brevissimi, paleis 
subulatis patulis brunneisvestiti. Frondes lanceolat ate,s subcoriacee, 
elastic, 2-2} poll. longæ, medio 5-6 lin. late, basin versus sensim 
angustatee, utrinque virides, paleis subulatis brunneis patulis 
tenuiter vestite, ad alam costularem angustam pinnatifide. 
Pinne lineares, obtuse, integre, erecto- Leve, basi confluentes, 
centrales 4 lin. la ate; vene immerse, occult», erecto-patentes, 
bifurcate. Sori ot superficiales, bos costam et marginem 
oo uniser 


MAD SCAR. d orest of Ambohimitombo, province of Tanala, 
alt. 1450-1560 ft., Forsyth Major, 200. 


599. Acrostichum —— — Baker [Filices- 
Polypodiacex] ; ad A. flaccidum, Fée, arcte accedit 

Rhizoma breviter repens, paleis parvis posuer brevibus 
eastaneis. Frondes steriles contigus, subsessiles vel breviter 
stipitate, lanceolate, subpedales, medio ‘-12 lin. late, rigide 
coriacee, nudi, e medio ad apicem acutum et basin sensim 
angustate ; vence ini erecto-patentes, perspicus, simplices vel 
furcate. Frondes fertiles ignote 
: MADAGASCAR. Forest of Ambohimitombo, province of Tanala, 
Forsyth Major, 204. 


301 
MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. 
KING OF SIAM.—A private visit to the Royal Gardens was 


paid on the morning of Sunday, August Ist, by H.M. the King 
of Siam. 


Botanieal Magazine for July.—The number opens with a figur 
of Zamia obliqua, which has been in cultivation at Kew since 1880, 
when a plant was procured from Mr. Bull, of Chelsea. It is 
native of New Grenada. Cattle y elongata, the beautiful 
Polygonum baldschwanicum (the flowers of which are coloured 
too pink), Helianthus tuberosus, ind Lissochilus efi cag are 
also figured. The Cattleya is a handsomes species from Brazil 
with large flowers having orange-coloured sepals. ane petals and 
rose-coloured labellum. It flowered at Kew in October, 1893. 


from the Jardin des Plantes, Paris. The specimen of the wild form 
of Helianthus dg 08U8, Was € by the Rev. ds Mp Dod, 
who had grown it from indigenous tubers. The plat ccom- 
panied by many interesting facts relating to the ‘slants history. 

he Lissochilus is, as its specific name implies, native of 


wW 

r. P. F. Garnett, of South Bank, Liverpool, while the bulb and 
eii were drawn from a Kew plant which was received from the 
late Mr. John Buchanan. 


Botanical Magazine for August.—The following plants are 
figured :—Lycoris squamigera, Gasteria fusco -punctata, Dendro- 
bium denudans, Ficus erecta, var. Sieboldii an Cynorchis 
purpurascens—all from —— cultivated at Kew. Lycoris 
squamigera, a native of China and Japan, is interesting asa showy 
plant used by the people of the latter coun ntry to decorate their 
ini a Gasteria Juco Saat Sect is conspicuous for its much- 
bra robium denudans is a slender 
MDC of ihe Himalayas, ieri specimens collected off oak- 
trees were sent to K y F. Duthie, Esq., and flowered in 
1896. uice erecta, var. Sieboldii was sent to Kew by the late 
Dr. Schomburgk ; it is a native of Eastern Asia. The last figure 
is that of a Mascarene orchid with an extremely complicated 
flower: like the majority of the orchids of that region it is of 
terrestrial habit. 


New Edition of Key Plan.—A fourth edition of this skeleton 
guide to the Royal Gardens was put on sale during the month of 

gust. It has been carefully revised so as to include all recent 
improvements. The size has been somewhat reduced so as to 
make it more convenient for the pocket. Reg printing leaves 
something to desire in the matter of clearness, a uer paper 
having been Meere ined by the ceris Office 


302 


Water Lily Pond.—South of the lake in the Pinetum is a 
small pond which has long been dry. The bottom has now been 
pet with clay and made water-tight. It is supplied with 

ondensed water from the steam-engines at the waterworks. As 
the temperature of this is fairly warm it is hoped by S: means 
to be able to cultivate in the open air many tender aquatics. This 
a proved successful with the red Nymphwa Lotus, of 
India, and with Thalia dealbata and some other plants. Ii is > 
intended also to plant out the fine coloured water lilies raised by 
Mons. Latour-Marliac, which are an addition to modern open-air 
sein as notable as they are delightful. 


Tampico Jalap.—Ordinary Jalap, the * Pargo macho" of the 
Mexicans, is widely known as a medicinal substance, and the 
plant (Ipomoea Purga, Hayne), with purplish-pink flowers, is met 
with under nm not only in greenhouses in Europe, but to 
some extent as a field crop in the neighbourhood of the Cinchona 
Plantations, in de Nilgiris (Madras) and the Blue Mountains, 

amaica. Tampico Jalap, on the other hand, which has made its 

appearance in trade of recent years in considerable quantity, i8 
produced by a different plant (Ipomoea simulans, Hanbury). 

is stated to grow along the mountain ranges of the Sierra Gorda, 
in the neighbourhood of St. Luis de la Paz, from which town and 
the adjacent villages the roots are carried to Tampico, and thence 
shipped abroad. As Tampico Jalap was not represented amongst . 
the plants in the Economic Collections at Kew, an effort was made — 
to obtain a few tubers through the Foreign Office, who enlisted the a 
kind co-operation of Her Majesty’s Minister in Mexico. In 
November last, two ex of tubers were received in excellent - 
condition from Her Majesty's Consul at Vera Cruz, labelled res- E 
pectively * Tlacolulam ” = “ Tonayan,” and described as having | 
been M tained from these localities, “in the canton of Jalapa, in 
the state of Vera Cruz." The Tlacolulam tubers were distributed d E 
to the bótanical departments at Jamaica and the Nilgiris, and to — — 
the botanic gardens at Oxford, Cambr idge, Edinburgh, Glasgow, 

T 


lt was ; dt once noticed that both these tubers were not o ; 
from the locality where Tampico Jalap is collected, and now ye E 
is little doubt that they are gamer Jalap (Ipomoea Purga). This 
fact should be carefully noted by the recipients. Inthe meantime 
another effort is being es to obtain the tubers of the true. 
Tampico Jalap 


E IAS 


rj 


SIERRA LEONE 
| | — BOTANIC STATION — 


>Il ` Lower Lower om NORTH PORTION. 
ro -Area 17 acres Grds [2 poles 


Wyman & Sons, Lith.. 


ROYAL GARDENS, KEW. 


BULLETIN 


OF 


MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION, 


No. 130.] OCTOBER. . [1897. 


DLXXVIL—BOTANIC STATION, SIERRA LEONE. 
(With Plan.) 


The settlement of Sierra Leone at one time consisted only of 
the peninsula terminating in Cape Sierra Leone, with an area of 
about 300 square miles. The Colony with its protectorate now 
includes a large extent of country, estimated at 4,000 square miles, 
or a little more than one-half the size of Wales. The capital, 
“ieee lying about 4 miles up the Sierra Leone river, at the 

t of a chain of hills rising from 1,700 to over 3,000 ft., contains 
304 ‘000 inhabitants, and possesses the best harbour i in West Africa. 


ot. 

The scenery of Sierra Leone is said to be v very sitnilar to that 
of the West Indies. The soil is fertile and there is an sete 
of pure fresh water. Tropical fruits grow luxuriantly. ese a 
described in the Kew Bulletin for 1888 (pp. 221-223). Pine- 
apples especially are produced very abundantly, while bananas, 
plantains, avocado pears, mangoes, limes and oranges are not only 
consumed locally, but are also exported to the Gambia, Goree, and 

egal. 


As stated in a letter addressed by Kew to the Colonial Office, 
September 4, 1886, *from a scientific Lege of view the natural 
botanical productions of Sierra Leo of extraordin 
interest. Early in this century a limited nandai of specimens 
found their way into European herbaria, and show that the flora 
is exceptionally rich.” 

A very interesting work in the Library at Kew is entitled 
* Substance of the Report delivered by the Court of Directors of 
the Sierra Leone Oenipany to the General Court of Proprietors on 
Thursday the 27th March, 1794," To this is attached an appendix, 
in which “the Directors thought proper to introduce an account 
of the natural productions of Sierra Leone, being the substance of 
two Reports made to them by Mr. — their botanist.” 
It is evident that more than a hundred years ago a good deal 
was being done to establish a successful arse in this part of 
West Africa. Amongst the economic plants described are rice, 
cassava, yams, sweet potatos, ground-nuts, eddoes, oil-palm, 
plantains and bananas, papaw, guava, orange and lime trees, 

14523—1375—9/97 Wt s D&S 29 A 


304 


pumpkins, water melon, pine-apple, pigeon pea, maize, millet, 
cacao, cashew oe Pie sugar cane, butter and tallow tree, 


tamarind, fig-tree, hog-plum, country plum, country grapes, 
sorrel, *“ caleelo = epe ach) mammee apple, cainito, bumelia, 
and icaco or pige lum, (from the West Indies), country 


ica 
cherries, bread fruit, vem otk cola, castor oil, “ cassia of the 
cane,” indigo, cotton, silk c 

“Some account of the D and introduced fruits of Sierra 
Leone" was published by Mr. Joseph Sabine, F.R.S., from 
information obtained from Mr. George Don, A.L.S., in the 
Transactions of the Horticultural Society (vol. v. , 1824, pp. 439- 
466). This gives a very uU wid account of the principal 
plants yielding edible fruits in West Africa, with 
excellent ced plate of the Negro Peach (Sarcocephalus 
esculent tus). There are also notes on the Butter and Tallow vom 
Serena ENG and the Kola (Cola acuminata). Of t 

common pine-apples, even in 1824, it is stated that “they are s 
abundant in the woods as to obstruct the passage through them 


every direction ; they grow vigorously and bear fruit abundantly.” 
The other - fruits already introduced and — in Sierra 
pee in 24 were bananas, uae 8, cocoa-nuts, papaw, 


oranges, lemons, limes, cashew, rose-apple, tamarind, melons, and 
tomatos. 


A small but interesting collection of the economic plants from 
Sierra Leone was presented to Kew by Mr. G. H. Garrett, a 
travelling commissioner, in 1891. In 1892 Mr. G. F. Scott- 
Elliot, F.L.S., who was attached as botanist to the Delimitation 
Commission of the Anglo-French frontier, forwarded to Kew 
500 species of dried benc in excellent condition, and also seeds 
of various kinds (K. B., 1892, p. 72). In the following Jon (1893) 
Mr. Scott-Elliot and Miss Catharine A. Raisin prepared Reports 
on the Botany and Geology of Sierra Leone (Colonial Reports, 
ACETUM No. 3, Sierra Leone, 1893. See also K. B., 1893, 

p. 167-169). "To the former is attached a useful list and index of 
native nam 

“The | Botanical results of the Sierra Leone Boundary Com- 

ission " formed the subject of a paper contributed by Mr. Scott- 
Elliot to the Linnean Society (Journ. Linn. Soc. xxx., pp. 64- 


Plants supposed to belong toa species of Coffea raised from 
seeds collected by Mr. Scott-Elliot in Sierra Leone were distributed 
from Kew in 1893. On further examination, these plants having 
developed spines, which Cofea never has, were believed to belong 
either to saat of Randia or Canthium (K. B., 

One of th interesting of the economic plant 
ce = the apra or pet coffee ( Capea. kee ylla) 
which, though discovered about a century ago by / 
not e be until 1834, and was AS introduced into this Fin eho 
until sixty years afterwards (1894). js was figured in the 
Botanical Magazine (t. 7475), and described more recently in the 
Kew Bulletin (1896, pp. 189-191). This coffee has been widely 
distributed from Kew. It has lately flowered in the West Indies, 
and is there regarded as likely to prove ope for cultivation in 
- lowlands where the Arabian coffee will not gro 

ano her promising economie plant in Sierra [oaie] is the native 


305 


cotton, probably Gossypiwin Keriaen ad b. In order to supple- 
ment this an effort was made some years ago to introduce the 
cultivation of the Egyptian grise in the polany The —— 
letter affords particulars on these points : 
ROYAL GARDENS, KEW, to COLONIAL OFFICE. 
Royal Gardens, Kew. 
91st January, 1893. 
SIR, 

I am desired by Mr. Thiselton-Dyer to acknowledge the 
receipt of your Hr of the 2nd instant forwarding a copy of a 
despateh from the Governor of Sierra Leone regarding the 
experiments s in the colony to cultivate Egyptian cotton. 

2. Mr. Thiselton-Dyer has noticed with regret that these . 


forwarding more seeds to the colony. 
3. It will be within your recollection that in 1890, at the | 
request of the Government of Sierra Leone, Kew undertook to 
i i m 


of the 9th May, 1890, a copy of a ta favourable report furnished 
by the Manchester Chambers of Commerce was enclosed. 

Sierra Leone cotton was státed to be of mie T and 
valued at sixpence per pound in Liverpool. There was said to be 
a good demand for it, and Lancashire buyers “would gladly 
welcome a very much uer ad than is now available." 


( 
local gazette, a nd the Gov vernor, Sir James Hay, K.C.M.G., invited 
NS ecial attention of the public £o; the importance of the . 
subjec 


M 
2 
£e 
un 
[e] 
d 
mr 
F 
B 
ev 
er 
E 
£e 
et 
e 
4 
3 
ia 
< 
eo 
=} 
S 
c 
— 
[e] 
o 
i. 
e 
B 
me 
[2] 
gs 
fe) 
AME 
ee 
E 
zy 
cot 
É 
© 


remunerative market. ence this subject of cotton-growing was . - 


of p importance. 
) s thought desirable not only to encourage an tend | 
the tidem of the cotton already in the hands of the dm but | 
to introduce the more valuable Egyptian cotton, pages ra is ^ Y 
demand ** for the length, firmness, an of the ; 
7. If owing to local presente the cultivation of d nk 


cotton is not practicable in Sierra Leone, it may at least be pouibls p 


to extend the growth and export of the ordinary cotton. If the 
colony could afford to support a small te anical station in the 
neighbourhood of Freetown, there is little doubt that many new 
i enam could be started that are now believed impossible. The 
success — at the two stations gode established in West 
Africa at Lagos and Aburi ciis that y fulfil a most useful 
rini, in regard to developing local sib eod 


I am, etc., 
(Signed) D. MORRIS. 


The Hon. ie a Meade, C.B. 
Colonial Office 


14523 A2 


306 


As the result of the conference held at the Colonial Office with 
the four West African Governors on the 12th September, 1893 
(Kew Bulletin, 1893, pp. 363—365), a successful effort to start a 
Botanic Station in Sierra Leone was made by Colonel Cardew, 
C.M.G., in the following year. The subjoined correspondence 
indicates the steps taken to attain that object. 


COLONIAL OFFICE TO ROYAL GARDENS, KEW. 
Downing Street, 
10th September, 1894. 
SIR, 


I am, &e., 
The Director, (Signed) JOHN BRAMSTON. 
Royal Gardens, Kew. 


Government House, 
Freetown, Sierra Leone, 
: 9th August, 1894. 
My LORD MARQUESS, 
I HAVE the honour to submit for your lordship’s approval, 
e 


h a copy of the scheme. It would embrace the 
establishment of a botanic garden, machinery for the proper 
preparation of coffee and cocoa for the market, a coffee plantation, 
indusirial farming and annual agricultural shows. 

3. In view of the fact that there is now no longer any possibility 
of extending our protectorate, as it is hemmed in by French 


307 


working, and with their concurrence I beg to request that your 
lordship may be pleased to sanction a vote on the Supplementary 
Estimate for £950, which would represent the initial expense of 
the adoption of the scheme, including the ee of land, plant, 
&c., and another for £220, which would be about the pro portionate 
annual expense for the "died concluding seen: of this year, 
about the commencement of which period I hope the scheme may 
ed 


6. Turning to the consideration of the different items. 

Initial rihh. — A very suitable piece of land on the Pademba 
road, known as the French Company’s farm, is for sale; I have 
visited it with Mr. Lewis; it seems well adapted for our purpose 
runni 


d 
labourers if necessary, and a p beara: in whic am ‘informe d 
there is ; toit G coffee trees, and adjoining it there is land 
which ign be acquired if necessary at easy Pee 
I hav t been able to obtain as yet the exact acreage of the 
eeserty: = vaf it is, I believe, about 50, and Diebefojo pi sufficient 
French Co ompany to 


reference to your lordship, and this they ta consented to do; in 
the meantime, the Acting Queen's Advocate and the officer 
charge of the Survey Dep artment, will aii all the necessary 
information regarding title deeds, plan s &c. I may mention that 
it is considered that this property is basis offered on very cheap 
terms, and 1 may add that Mr. Crowther, who is the Curator of 
the Botanie Garden at Accra, when he visited this colony in 
March last, in compliance with your lordship's UE 
inspected it and prod favourably on it for a botanic garden 
and vibe uy 


the scheme. At present the berry is so bruised and broken by the 
crude methods employe d by the native cultivators that it does not 
command the best prices; it is hoped that when the cultivators 

i rg 


that others will commence the industry. 

8. T trust that I have pameidutly demonstrated to d'une UE 
that there are good reasons for the adoption of a schem 
similar to that proposed by Mr. PR and I may add that nin a 
view of obtaining public opinion as to its details Aes given 
instructions for it to be published in de Royal Gaze 


I have, &c., 
(Signed) F. CARDEW, 
Administrator. 


The Right Honourable 
The ‘Marquees of Ripon, K.G., &c., &c.,, &e. — 


308 


[ Enclosure. ] 
Oxford Street, Freetown, 
31st J uly, 1894. 
SIR, 

WITH reference to the question which your Excellency 
proposed for my consideration as to the best measures to adop t for 
promoting agricultural industry in this jolony, I have the dons 
to ed y following statement of m 

2. During the last few years, owin io don bt to keener com- 
petition in Teade and the diminution of profits, public attention 
as been much directed to the subject of agriculture, and a few 
efforts, more or less extensive, have been made to give practical 
effect to the new-born idea. Judging from attempts that I have 
myself made e in same direction, I have good ground for saying 
that there exists in the colony great ignorance of the conditions 
fora successful is profitable prosecution of eser enterprise, 
See in the presence of intelligent competition 
3. It matter of vital importance to the eatr of the 
colony that Me Should be taken, even at some cost, to give a 
right direction to the dn impulse in fa vour of agriculture, 
and s [Uer it from being succeeded by disappointment and 
reac 
4. PM of the points in which it is felt such npe may be 
i pre ip ously given relates to the mode of preparation for 
t of produce, especially those exported. bi European and 
reset markets. It was suggested whether in respect, at least, 
of the small growers, their produce might not be bought, prepared 
and dealt with by the government. This suggestion involves a 
trading by the es Me under circumstances in which it will 
come in competition with private enterprise. I think if the 
government should seek to carry out this suggestion, it will 
hinder rather than esq de the very enterprise which it is its 
Special object to prom 
. The Board of Rel has passed a resolution not long ago, 
agreeing with the view, that the establishment of a bot tanical 


knowledge generally lacking is twofold, viz.:—how io cultivate 
the produce, and how to prepare it properly for market. The 
POARI station, if established, can be so arranged that, within a 
erate area, it might annex to itself the work of a farm for the 
cultivation of a few of the main products, such as coffee and 
which attention is being directed by the por here. 
a at principle precy med in the cultivation of one or two 
lants can in course of time be easily adapted by mé planters 
themselves to others ; V that it will, according to my view, no 
be necessary to make at the botanie station a farm tor every one 
of the commercial products to be grown in the colony 
eti come coffee in particular, iid cacao and. 
cola in a less degree, will be the chief articles cultivated in the 
colony ; ae there i ig already evidence of some activity in coffee 
growing. At the same time, there are evident to those who have 
my practical S bipes of the proper suite of fruit m 
as the coffee, grave errors in the method adopted in 
cültivation hire. 


309 


7. What is in the first pu required is, that the intending or 
actual farmer shall have some object lesson for guiding his 
operation, and the opportunity of knowing the reason for adopting 

any specific method in farming. A few minutes of practical 
directions from Mr. W. Crowther, the Curator ot the Government 
Botanical Station at the Gold Coast Colony, on his recent visit to 
Sierra Leone, enabled me better than months of previous reading 
to understand and apply the principles of pruning the coffee tree. 

8. Public notice given of the time for Da apas certain 


b k f 
these ai . Tt waa ald be a par t of the duty of the curator 


transplanting, pruning, mulching and shading of tree , the 
harvesting and curing of produce, and even the rotation ofc crops, 
may, to a great extent, be learnt by observation. At present, very 
few of d so-called farmer rs have any intelligent idea of prones 
so essential to the cultivation of their produce. Hen 
independently of the preparation of crops for market, our pat 

ucts are generally inferior in quality to those of foreign 
grow ‘th, 

9. The use of implements other than the Ec raet hoe and 
the cutlass, which constitute the whole o e farmer’s tools in 
Sierra Leone, may be encouraged and taught ds proper practice at 
the botanical station 

ext defect in our agricultural system is ve generally 
bad or indifferent preparation o of produce por the arkea 

ses even as in that ginger, wherein nat see o favour 
us with a good article, the preparation largely phaea the value 
in foreign markets. 

ll. The fear is naturally to be — that, with the 
extended cultivation which is going on in the colony of ene 

xi 


2. The process in use for cleaning vdd in the colony is He 
Dude one of drying the berry and afte wards pounding it in 

r and winnowing by hand with a fin; ides the 
detestei of the quality of the bean rede m drying the 
berry, the pounding breaks the bean an secures 
evenness in the colour which complete removal lof is sog irn kis 
will effect. Hence a sample of perfectly good coffee of the 


3. Then the value of the sample also depends the 
uniformity in the size of the beans. "The Liberian tioifeo, whioh 
is the qu ality now being largely grown in ges eone, varies 
very much in size. Our farmers do not, as a rule, know that it 
will be an advantage tu them to secure the anita ormity I refer to. 
Even if they do, they will require some other process than 
picking to secure it, otherwise the labour will be too great sad 
prove unremuner rative 

14. In two ways assistance uz great value dud: bo given by the 
government. For many years to come coffee have already 
observed, will be the auod uc. that will soaring serious attention 


310 


ae the colony. I would, therefore, recommend that i govern- 

nt have in connection with the botanical station a few acres 

indar coffee cultivation. If it should be decided to Dakia the 
h Company’s 


should be given to farmers and others who are desirous of availing 
themselves of it, to inspect the machinery and see how it works. 
Some p toma -e should be used even if it were decided 
to work some at 

5. There is no paar now imported into the colony ; and 
though so some growers may be able and willing to procure it after 
seeing and understanding its use, they will act unwisely to get 
now what may prove to be mere white elephants in their hands, 


and sizer. Their prices vary. D have an os recently 


(Messrs. Walker, Sons. & Co., Limited), who profess to have 
invented the best pulper for Liberian coffee. A London fi o 
John Gordon supplies machinery, but I do not know if their 
pulper is specially adapted to the aap coffee. American 
machines appear to be cheaper. 

` 17. As some or all of the machinery above-mentioned may n 

be within the means of small growers, it will be an advantage à 


A curing establishment is all that is necessary. Mr. Crowther, in 
his report on his recent visit to the West Indies, says (in page 19) 
that the cost of the buildings needed for this purpose for a farm 
of 300 acres need not exceed £160. If eventually the Naggeniion 
with respect to providing the means for — a the pu 8 
to the best mode of preparing coffee be ended to d" the 
additional cost will be comparatively sma 
19. A third plan that I would suggest for encouraging; agriculture 
a the eonim aeaa of annual shows, in which prizes are to be 
or competition in different i TA eE of agricultural 
labed, for articles and objects produced or maintained in 
colon 
0. Before stating the plan in detail, I may mention that one of 
its objects i is to aen enterprise to other channels than coffee and 
cacao, in order to avoid the dan anger of throwing all the economic 
egg of the reita in one basket 
; 21. My proposal is that the shows shall be under the patronage 
of the government, but directed by a committee of which the 


311 


Curator of the Government Botanical Station shall be a member : 
and that sub-committees in different parts of the colony, of which 
the District don are to be members, be formed for 
aiding the committee 

22. The. hows are » to be held in Freetown in December or 
ptr this season being about crop time for most of our 


8. The articles exhibited are to include ——nÓ of all 

s of agricultural produce, in the natural as well as manu- 
fainted state, botanical specimens, and live miming It is suggested 
that exhibitors of farm produce shall be the producers or their 
agents, "^ not mere collectors. 

Between the months of July and October next before the 
show, oriit intending exhibitor of farm produce should send in 
to the committee a notic ce of his iion: to exhibit, and give 
Pei satisfaction that produce at the show comes sees «€ 

Provision should be made for the inspection in Nov 
of. ey i which or the p from which it is E 
shall compet 
a Li * * 

32. Though us Me may 3 open for all kinds of produce, 
whether coming from owners beyond the colony, I would suggest 
that only farmers and inhabitants within the colony should be 
entitled to compete for prizes. 


I have, &c , 
(Signed) SAML. LEWIS. 
His Excellency Colonel F. Cet C.M.G., 
Adm 


PEIR of the Governmen 
the Colony of Sierra Leone. 


THE ADMINISTRATOR OF SIERRA LEONE TO THE COLONIAL 
OFFICE 


‘Sierra Leone, 
21st t November, 1894. 
My LORD Meroe 
IH the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your 

lordship's bd uc. No. 201 of the 18th of September last, on the 
subject of a scheme for the promotion of agricultural industry i in 
this colony and to inform your lordship that the French Company’s 
farm fulfils the requirements specified in the letter from Kew, 
that it was favoura x en reported on by Mr. Crowther, the Curator 
of the Gold Coast Colony, on the occasion of his visit to this 
colony in April last, and that I am now concluding the purchase 
of the qe in x 

With respect to a curator and overseer, provision has been 
made in the etree for 1895 which have been passed for salaries 
from £200 and £80 respectively for these officials, but I gather 
from the letter from Kew, that the latter, if a black man from the 
West Indies, would require about £150 to £180 a year, and if so 
a curator shouid in due proportion be paid a salary at least from 
about £200 to £250, rising by annual increment of £10. 

. In view of the recommendation in paragraph 3 of the letter 
from Kew and the suggestion of your lordship that I should 
apply to Jamaica for an overseer, I propose doing so by the next 


312 


Opportunity she offering a salary of £150, and with reference to 
the engagement of a curator, I beg to request that your lordship 
may be pleased to direct that a serm be selected fron etd ' for the 


Lii with one and hammock allowance at 2s. d. per 


; Pe As machinery for the purpose of nne the coffee berry 
for the market will be required as soon as the Botanic station is 
established, it is very desirable that ‘he man E be selected should 
obtain all the necessary information regarding it, from what 
firms it can best be procured and the kind best adapted for this 
colony. 

5. Your lordship will observe that the estimates for 1895, which 
I propose to forward for your cae €— do not I ntly 
provide for the verseiim of curator and overseer at the increased 


over expenditure amounts to £1,101 there is ample margin for 
the small additional sum required to ep the increased salaries. 


ave, &c. 
(Signed) T. CARDEW, 
: Administrator. 
a Are Honourable, ~ 
Marquess of Ripon, K.G., &c. 


Mr. F. E. Willey, a member of the staff of the Royal Gardens, 
o had previously acted temporarily as curator of the Botanic 

on at the Gold Coast, was appointed curator of the new 
tation. He embarked for Sierra Leone in November, 1895. 


The following letter gives an interesting account of his first 
impressions of botanical work in the colony. 


CURATOR, BOTANIC STATION, SIERRA LEONE, TO ROYAL 
GARDENS, KEW. 
Botanical Station, Freetown, 
i 4th April, 1896. 
SIR 
I HAVE the honour to forward by this mail steamer, a box 
containing seeds of Pentadesma butyracea, the butter and tallow 
tree of Sierra Leone,” tubers of Amorphophallus leonensis, bulbs 
of two species of Crinum (one C. yuccæflorum) and one Hymeno- 
callis; also two samples of coffee in parchment, viz., Coffea 
liberica, and C. stenophytia, ina two fibres which I extracted, 
e from Sansevieria guineensis, s the other from Hibiscus sp. ; 
all “of which I hope will arrive in good condition 
Iam going to procure a quantit : of seeds of the “ butter tree," 
for an oa Pere as to their oil value, as suggested in your letter 
of January 13th last, to the Colonial Office 
The samples of coffee, and fibre which I have forwarded, I 


* An account of this interesting tree and its produce will Le found on pp. 320-325. 


313 


prepared last January for the Agricultural Exhibition. I should 
-be pleased to hear your opinion o cte m, and any suggestions yon 
might be ila to add for my guidan 

I arrived here on December 2nd last, and have ever since been 
very busy, first with clearing the land which w in a most 
dreadfully tangled — in fact the coffee trees ee completel 
hidden by weeds ; NUS atterly I have been laying the place out. 

I have about 35 or 36 acres of land alto together, in two pieces, 
each about 18 acres in extent; the lower piece on which is my 
house, is close to Freetown, about 250 feet iva sea level ; 
splendidly situated, and well watered ; a stream running through 

irden 


the gar 
This piece I am laying out with a view to its being an 
ornamental, or pleasure garden to attract visitors, being so close 


to the town. "The great drawback i is the poorness, and shallowness 
of the soil, in fact from 3 to 4 acres of this lower piece are bare 
rock (laterite). I should like to get a foot or eighteen inches of 
poria ve put on the top, but labour is scarce. I have only 14 men 
to v k 35 acres, and carry out alterations. And again, the men 


of rain from the time I arrived until last week, when we had 

about 3; inch 

=I have started a fair sized nursery, and built a large plant house; 

sed nian: vd large pieces of land to plant when the rains 
have reconstructed, and made — roads, one of 

which oa 700 feet long and 12 feet wide with a open drain on 


a t o 
long and 20 feet wide. Now, I am very busy picking Liberian 
coffee, and pulping it, &e. EPO 
I shall be very glad when an overseer is appointed, so as to be 
Aia of some of a work, I cannot now give necessary 
attention to many thin 
The Agricultural Exhibition which was held on January 23rd 
and 24th, was a great success for a first attempt. It will now be 
held annually, T exhibited samples of coffee, cacao, cotton, fibre, 
gums, &c., also the coffee machines which arrived a few days before 
and were erected in the hall; the two small ones (one for cleaning 


coffee in parchment and the dry cherry huller) were worked. I 
which 


also prepared articles on the Lei mete of coffee and cacao, 
were dae in leaflet form, and distri 
onth I had a few days' leave, ind went to a large town 

called Port Loko, which is about 60 miles from Freetown on a 
bee ati of the Roquelle River. The first part of the journey up 

the uelle was unattractive, owing to the great width of the 
river ; Rovere, after some 10 to 15 miles it could be seen that 
the banks were covered with mangrove ong and over these the 
tallest of the inner vegetation could be of which cocoa-nuts 
and the silk-cotton tree formed the “rth features. About 
20 miles up the Roquelle we branched off into s Port e 
hiver. The Roquelle from hs point is called the Riv 
from Sesa principal town on it, Magbeli, about. me miles iun 
Free As we could only proceed with the tide, owing to its 
strong Miet soon after entering the Port Loko River, we rs AA 
at an MUCH in bum middle of. the river called Kasanko. Here 


314 
stayed the night at an European factory, where they buy the 
produce as it is brought down by the natives in their large 


ext morning, as soon a 


fringed with the mangrove, broken here and there by little creeks, 
man 


the vegetation became interesting ; Elwis, Raphia, Phoenix, and 
Cocos represented Pal also icuous w 8, 


During the second day’s journey, we passed some very 
large alligators which were sleeping on the mud banks of the 
. e i i 


I hope to be able to send more things to Kew in a few months 
time, especially if I am fortunate enough to get a good overseer, 
as then I shall have time to look around, whereas, as I am situated 
at present, I have absolutely no time to spare. 

I have, &c, 
F. E. WILLEY, 

W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, Esq., C.M.G., C.LE. Curator. 


The samples of coffee referred to in the first paragraph of the 
preceding letter were submitted for valuation and report with the 
following result :— 

MESSRS. LEWIS & PEAT TO ROYAL GARDENS, KEW. 
6, Mineing Lane, London, E.C., 
DEAR SIR, 4th May, 1896. 
YOUR favour of the 1st inst. with sample of coffee reached 
us this morning. 
We have carefully examined same, and beg to report as 
. follows. 


315 


The parchment is good, clean, and bright. It has been well 
prepared and well cured, and very ha 

The coffee comes out rather brownish and foxy coated, and is 
still d in size for Liberian ; possibly = drought has affected the 
coffee to a great extent, as you sugges 

To day’s value is about 78s. to BO». per ewt. if husked and 
sized here. 

We are, dear Sir, 
Yours faithfully, 
(Signed) LEWIS & PEAT. 


It is a very fair sample on the whole. 


The report on the fibres was not so satisfactory. 
" Peares deii —— —Fibre of good length but of bad 
what similar sample fro m Trinidad was valued 
in 0 886 at £290 «nd ton. Present prices dd probably nat much 
low wer. 
The Hibiscus fibre is not suitable for commercial use in its 
oat form,’ 


Mr. James E. Hartley, a foreman at the Hope Botanic 
Gardens, Jamaica, was appointed overseer at the Botanic Station 
T acra wm under Mr. Willey, in September, 1896. He spent 

ome time at Kew on his way from Jamaica to West Africa 
(Kew Bulletin, 1896, p. 218). 

The duties of the overseer are to undertake the experimental 
cultivation of coffee, cacao and other economic plants, and to 
assist in training native boys i io horticultural work. 

The site selected for the Botanic Station at Sierra Leone consists. 
of two pieces of land, one of which is shown in the accompanying 
plan prepared by the curator, This is the lower or north garden, 

ut a mile from the centre of Freetown, at an elevation of 250 ft. 
above mean Mio and bo sheltered from the prevailing 
winds. "There is a perennial stream flowing through the gardens, 
vue it is intended 4 to tap this v a parece level, and lead the water 
l rivulets or in pipes all over the gro und. 
The land is not yet properly fenced ; it is in contemplation to 
erect a strong fence, with barbed wire and -wood or live 
ts, as soon as possible. A serviceable wooden gate, with stone 


The soil is not all equally good. It is described as rather poor 
and shallow in places, “while from 3 to 4 acres are covered with 
slab rock and laterite.” There is, however, a sufficient area of 
good soil, especially along the banks of the stream, for nurseries 
and propagating grounds. Other parts are suitable for being laid - 
out in wid: and capable, by the addition of prend and soil, for 

wing specimen trees in specially prepared ho 

The other portion of the station is, du ybi not accessible 
from the lower garden. It is an isolated plot situated on a slope 
at an elevation of 600 ft, above the sea, and contains the remains 


316 


of a small coffee plantation. The trees are looked after and 
MED weeded and pruned, but Devout this it is not possible to 
afford them further attention at pres 

Further particulars are contained in ike following letter received 
= the plan from the curator in January last :— 


CURATOR, BOTANIC STATION, SIERRA LEONE, TO ROYAL 
GARDENS, KEW. 


Botanic Station, Sierra Leone, 
TA: January 6th, 1897. 
SIR, 

I HAVE the honour to forward a rough plan of the lower 
or north portion of the station here. I trust it will give you an 
idea of the progress he has been made in laying out the garden 
during the last 12 months. 

s I mentioned in 5 iy le tter of some months ago, the ground 
is very poor and rocky and difficult to work, consequently the 
results are not very encouraging. 


f 
the Liberian and the native narrow-leaved coffee, also cacao, 
about 500 kola, and about 800 eucalyptus, growing well, many 
over two feet dies besides black pepper and many other economic 
and ornamen 
: The rai infall this ast year has been very heavy, Dedi 
hea ai 


places. These have now all been made up with stone, and stout 


I am a member of the Agricültaral Exhibition committee here, 
and also one of the judges in the farm and plantation competition. 
The inspection of the plantations and farms entered for competi- 
tion will commence in a few days. It embraces the whole of the 
Sierra Leone peninsula and also Sherbro Island and neighbour- 
hood. The Exhibition is on the 16th and 17th of February ; I am 
preparing samples of economie dite for — 

Messrs. Millen & Humphries were able to s 
several EF on their way down the coast a their füstootfto 
stations 


e, &e. 
(Si. E m E. WILLEY. 
W. T. SPEI Esq., €.M.G., c. CLE, F.R.S., 
Roy al Gardens, Kew. 


Mie Waller has been on leave in this country glen. the present 
us accordance with an arrangement made with the 
Colonial Office he and the Curator of the Gambia Botanic 


317 


Station have spent eight weeks at Kew in the study of African 
plants and products in the houses and museums a bw ok with 
this establishment, and in acquiring information in the city and 
elsewhere respecting the commercial value and method of dd 
ment of subjects likely to be successfully remnunsiatively taken 
up in West Africa 


DLXXVIIL—IMPROVEMENT OF THE SUGAR-BEET 
AND SUGAR-CANE 


It is not sufficiently recognised that the development of the vast 
industry which has been founded on the beet has been only 
yie 


was made to ons. i ilmorin, who has ha 
in bringing the sugar beet i its present condition asa ave ee 
source of sugar. The following interesting letter was received in 

reply. It gives a striking picture of what can be agian by 
persistent selection. 


Mons. H. L. DE VILMORIN to ROYAL GARDENS, KEW. 
17, Rue de Bellechasse, Paris, 
December 30th, 1896. 
DEAR Mn. THISELTON-DYER, 

I can very easily send iden the desired information, as the 
subject of sugar-beet is one which my father and myself 
devoted much time and shed n 

Both the beet-root and the leaf-beet are derived from Beta 
maritima, L., a native of the shores of the Mediterranean and of 

e western coasts of Europe. It wa ce own to the ancient Greeks 
imd Romans under both garden form 

In the eighteenth century large vanua of the beet-root were 
transferred from the garden to the field, used as Sunk for cattle, 

rst in Germany, afterward in France and in tain. 

When Achard initiated the manufacture of sugar rad beet-root 
the white field variety was judged the most suitable for sugar- 
making; it contained 8 to 10 per cent. of its weight in pure 
sugar. Selection was then brought to bear on the pairing variety, 
and in fifty years slightly increased the percentage of sugar, 
raising it to 12 or 13 per cent. er the gross weight of the root). 
After 1850 more m o rtaini 


cent. of sugar. The fibrous tissues of the root which hold most 
sugar had been apaa mal the cellular tissues reduced to the 
utmost extent ; hence the root became small, ha ry and easily 


deformed. Ever since are object has been to unite a better 
shape with an equal amount of sugar.  Beet-roots containing 
more than 18 per cent. pun cease to Jost» properly and die. 


318 


et seg. You will see that it is an exaggeration to say that. the 
quality has been enormously increased ; but it was so in a fairly 
large measure ; and this has ssi beet- -sugar making from a bad 
job into a prosperous industr 


m, &c. 
(Signed) 'H. L. DE VILMORIN. 


In this case eee was effected by taking advantage of 
seminal variation. The same method might be applied to the 
sugar-cane now that seedlings are obtainable with tolerable 
facility. But progress would necessarily be made slower than in 
the case of the sugar-beet. 

For this reason the method of chemical selection which has 
been pract tised in Louisiana seems both more practicable and more 
Po. 86-00). It is fully described in the Kew Bulletin for 1894 

pp. 86- 
The following report Ma the result of a preliminary report 
e last year in Barbados 


EXTRACT from letter from Mr. J. R. Bovell, Curator, Botanic 
Station, Dodd’s Reformatory, E to the Director, Royal 
Gardens, Kew, dated March 30th, 1897 

“When I was at Kew in 1894 you gaoa to me the desirability 
of trying to Er =x saccharine of the are ano by chemica 
n to Barbados at the end of 1894 it was 


up 

ined over the average amount “of available sugar in the canes 
Mein the first day. A second plot was planted with cuttings of 
the upper halves of those below the first day's average, and a 
third plot was at the same time planted in the usual way, i.e., with 
cuttings taken indiscriminately from ordinarily well-grown canes. 
These plots were jsi two weeks ago, and the results were very 
satisfactory. The es grown from the cuttings taken from the 


in sucrose the poorest juice, and those Peo in the usual way 
coming about mid-way between the other two 


DLXXIX.—FOREST PRODUCTS OF SIERRA LEONE. 


The foliowing interesting account of the forest products of 
Sierra Leone and their possible rms is taken from 
the U.S. Consular Reports for November, 1896 (pp. 442-444). 
It is an extract from an address made by the Governor of Sierra 
Leone (now Sir Frederic Cardew, K.C.M.G.) to the Legislative 
Council of Sierra Leone, on the 21st April, 1896. 

eaim eb ent of the forests described have been referred to in 
the by Mr. Scott-Elliot, already noticed in the Kew 
Bulletin 1893, p 167-169) :— 


There are large tracts of forests with abundance of rubber and 
valuable timber awaiting exportation, They have been in no 


319: 


sense explored, and they only require intelligent and systematic 
methods for gathering the rubber to ied their wealth to the 
first comer who has the necessary enterpr 

or instance, the forest to rn ch T have already referred as 


lying between Makali and Kruto may be roughly estimated to 
cover the greater portion of Vv district E the Seli river 
on the west and the Bagwe on the east, and an east and west line 


rawn through ato in the north, and a similar line drawn 
through Makali in the south, 

This area comprises portions of the Kuniki and Koranko 
districts, and the extent of forest land within it may, on the most 
moderate calculation, be computed at about 600 square miles 

Along a great portion of the route taken by my party a pee 
is of ies eight to ten years’ growth, but in Dy parts of the 
district there is, I have no doubt, the virgin forest; but even in 
the forests of recent growth there is abundance of ii and 
three kinds of suc planis, Mere pointed out to me were 
vines called, respectively, in the Timni language * lilibue " and 

* nofe," a nd the third a dus called; in the same language ** kewatia.” 
The “ lilibue " yields the choicest rubber in the protectorate. In 


, however, always cut down. In the case of the “nofe” vine 
it is invariably cut up into small pieces of about 6 inches in 
length, and ies completely destroyed. The * kewatia, 
rubber tree, appears to grow rapidly, and in eight or ten years to 
attain a girth of from 2 to 3 feet, but the tree, however, like the 
“nofe,” is also destroyed in the process of gathering its rubber; it is 
felled, and the bark ringed at intervals of about 6 inches along the 
tr unk, The rubber appears to be treated in a different way to 
that of the vines; the latter is, as you know, coagulated with lime 
juice, but the rubber pio exudes from the rings cut in the tree 
is plac ed in hot water the surface of which it coagulates, 
and is then cut into ps, Whiten. are formed into balls for the 
market. 


I have ventured, at the risk of being tedious, to go into detail in 
describing the manner in which the rubber is gathere 

I think we must all admit that the native processes “are crude 
and wasteful in the extreme, and it is evident if more intelligent 
and economical methods were adopted, as E pii ci is the 


a far larger yield, and every probability that ees West African 
rubber would command as hi gh a price as South American. But 
if some steps are not taken to teach the natives better methods 
of extracting rubber than they now use, it may safely be predicted 
that with the increasing demand for rubber, in a few years the 
plant will become extinct, and an pid which should be one of 
the most thriving in the colony will be ruined. 

In the forests I am speaking of the dispen is gathered by Susu 
traders in the crude and wasteful manner I have described. The 


former, appear to be very ignorant of its v and the methods of 
gathering it. I feel quite convinced that if traders were to either 
go themselves or send as agents into these parts men well 


a8 ag 
experienced in the iniu. they would be rewarded for heir 
trouble and expense with rich ests, 


14523 B 


J 


320 


The methods which prevailed in South America should be 
studied and adopted if eee practicable here. A short account 
of the preparation of the Para rubber, which is the premier rubber 
of the world and is shia saad from a large tree which forms 
extensive forests in the lowlands of the Amazon, was published at 
the recent Agricultural Exhibition, and the curator is now drawing 
up an account of other ees which may be suitable to the 
rubber industry of this c 

The natives of the ener require to be trained in an intelligent 
way of working, not only i in the preparation of rubber, but also in 
that of oan Es ne reds to think that for the purpose of 
extracting a few or say, even pounds, of rubber, large 
trees edt be felled, yd is the case now, not to m ention vines, 
and so completely destroyed. In the territory of the Amazon, 

each rubber tree is made to yield an annual crop, and the bark, 
instead of being ringed, has a number of incisions made in it as 
far up the trunk as the hand can reach, and the milk is caught in 
little hollowed-out lumps of clay which are placed below each 
incision. This work is done by the e Indians, and there is no reason 
why the aborigines of the interior should not be taught to adopt 
similar methods. If the traders who purchase the rubber an 
other wey done products would inform the Government in what 
direction they consider reforms should be introduced in the 
ptevailtüg systems of gathering such produce, the Government 
would, I feel sure, lend an attentive ear to their suggestions. 

The "forests in the Kuniki and Koranko districts are, relatively 
speaking, very accessible from here ; Magbeli, from which place 
they can be entered, being distant about seven days’ easy marching, 
and there is water carriage for light canoes from Benkia, two 
marches from Magbeli, down the Roquelle river. 

But these forests are small compared to those on the Anglo- 
Liberian frontier, along the Morro and Mano rivers, which extend 
for 800 or 1,000 miles. Had it not been for the border raids which 
have been carried on for the last eighteen.to twenty Lien. I à 
no doubt they would have been exploited long ago; but ther 

an oppo rtunity, now that the raiding has attegethar ceased, tor 

opening up these forests, which abound in rubber and ele phants, 
and the southern portions of which are within two days' journey 
of Sulima. 


DLXXX.—BUTTER AND TALLOW TREE OF SIERRA 
LEONE. 


(Pentadesma butyracea, Don.) 
This noble tree of West Africa is a member of the — 


times attains a height of 70 ft.; the large glossy leaves are from 
5 to 10 in. long, the flowers are abundant, very handsome, and 
succeeded by a large, lemon-shaped bro wn berr rry, 6 in. long and 
diameter, with one or Posse or — M mper 
seeds. The plant was described by Sabine in the iens 
of the Horticultural Society (vol. v., 1824, p. 457) as the * * Butter 
and Tallow tree," It has recently been figured in Hooker's 


321 


Icones Plantarum, pl. 2465 (1396) with a description by 
Professor Oliver. It is known in Sierra Leone as the * Kamoot ” 
tree, Farke ^ Heckel, in his monograph Les Kolas Africains, 
refers to it as the * * Kanya " tree ; and the oil or butter yielded 
by the seeds as Me de Kanya. 

The e following correspondence relates to an investigation that 
has been carried on in this country at the request of the Govern- 


e as a source of oi h 
depressed condition of the market for oil-seeds, is not very 
promising. It is possible, however, that the piia now 
published may prove of service to those E in West 
African products, and suggest means n the seeds may 
eventually become of commereial importance :— 


THE COLONIAL ese Scrat Pu Pe TO ROYAL 
GAR , KEW 


assit wai Sierra Leon 


SIR, 18th Fide ig I 
I have the honour, p^ iror tion of His Erao the 
Governor, to forward to u, through the Crown Agents for 


* Kamoot" tree, and to request that you will be so kind as to 
report o it as a plant worthy of cultivation from an economic 

oint of vie 

P A co y rd the letter of Rev. J. A. Cole, who Seehes the 
specimens, is herewith enclosed for hee informatio 

ave, &c., 
(Signed) Z C. GORE 
The Director, Colonial Secretary. 

Royal dédit Kew. 


[ Enclosure.] 


Freetown, Sierra Leo 
DEAR SIR November “oth, 1895. 
ACCORDING to arrangement made with His Excellency 
Governor Cardew, I beg to forward you a package containing the 
seed, flower and leaves of the Kamoot tree. 

t is an economic plant that may be introduced into the com 
merce of Western Africa. It grows wider dee we along the 
banks of our rivers, and on the mountains. The yields a 
edible oil, highly esteemed by the interior natives. 

is Excellency Governor Cardew desires it to be examined by 

Kew, um i ANM with him that it be forwarded through the 
Governm 

The ed. now forwarded is not fresh, and the proportion of oil 
may not be estimated fairly from it, but it may be possible to 
arrive at something more definite when fresh seeds are obtained, 
At present it is the flowering season, and the sample of seed is 
fully a year old. 

remain, 
(Bignod) J. weed ec. COLE, 
The Honourable 
The Colonial Secretary, 
Freetown, Sierra Leone. 


14525 P3 


322 
THE ROYAL GARDENS, KEW, TO COLONIAL OFFICE. 


Royal Gardens, Kew, 
January 13th, 1896. 
SIR, 
I HAVE the honour to inform you of the receipt of a letter 
m the Sierra Leone Government of December 18th, advising 
the despatch of a case containing dried specimens and seeds of the 
amoot ce 
2. ns of the former we were at once able to identify - ine 
Portada: bilip račia; the “ Butter and Tallow tree” of 
Leone, which was first described in the year 1824 by Mr. iida 
Sabine in the Transactions of the Royal Horticultural Society. 


He says “the yellow greasy juice . . . isgiven out copiously 
when the fruit is cut or opened, . . . it is not, however, 
much used by the settlers on account of a strong turpent ine 


flavour which belongs to it; this juice is more abundant in the 
seeds than in any other part of the frui 

3. As far as I know the seeds have eie been introduced into 
commerce as a source of oil. But I can see no reason why, 
the tree is abundant in the colony, they og ngs not E utilised. For 
this purpose the best plan would be induce some oil-seed 
crusher at Liverpool to give them an experimenta trial, and to 


consi 
4. Probably Messrs. James Samuelson & foem Ltd., Scottish 
Chambers, 48 Castle Street, Livestiodh would be willing to take 
the matter in hand. 
I have, etc., 
(Signed) W. T. MES 
ector 


The Hon. Sir Robert "usi KCB. 
Colonial Offi 
Do Bots Street, S.W. 


CURATOR, BOTANIC STATION, SIERRA LEONE, TO ROYAL 
GARDENS, KEW 


Botanical Station, Sierra Leone, 
4th April, 1896. 
SIR, 

I HAVE the honour to forward by this mail steamer, a box 
containing Tes of Pentadesma butyracea, the butter and tallow 
tree of Sierra Leone. 

* * aE Li * 

I am going. to procure a further quantity of seeds of the “ butter 
tree,” for the experiment as to their oil value which vm suggested 
in your letter of January 13th last, to the Colonial O 

The native tribes around here ce agp an oil item. the seeds 
and use it for cooking in the way as they do palm-oil. 
I have been informed by some nod that they prefer it to palm- 
oil on account of its better flavour. The season for the seeds is 
March and April. Then the natives prepare and store a sufficient 
aeey of the oil to last until the next season, The oil is 


393 


extracted by drying the seeds and parching them over a fire. 
They are then pounded in a mortar; water is added and the 
whole boiled over a fire, and the fat or oil is skimmed off as it 


rises 
» » * * 


I have, &c., 
(Signed) F. E. WILLEY, 
Curator. 
W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, Esq., C.M.G., 
Director, Royal Gaiden quw 


CURATOR, BOTANIC STATION, SIERRA LEONE, TO ROYAL 
GARDENS, KEW 
Botanic Station, Sierra Leone, 
May 19th, 1896. 
SIR, 

I HAVE the honour to forward by the s.s. *Ilaro," two b 
containing seeds of Pentadesma butyracea, the butter or tallow 
tree of Sierra Leo 

One bag contains 57 Ibs. of dried seed, and the other 115 T of 
fresh seed. Would you kindly have them experimented u 
pen their value as a source cf oil, as sugg gested in your letter 

o the Colonial Office, dated January 13th, 1896 ? 

I don’t think it is necessary for me to add more, as I explained 
about ex tree and how the natives use it, &c., in my letter to Kew 
last month. 

The pe" are sent to Kew because it is thought that they would 

receive more attention tag the firm in Liverpool, than if the seed 
was sent direct from her 
I have, &c., 
F. E. WILLEY, 
Curator. 
W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, Esq., C.M.G., 
Director, Royal Sadana Rew. 


ROYAL GARDENS, KEW, TO Palace at ora bal 
Royal G 


s, Kew 
10th Doceniberr 1896. 
SIR, 

WITH reference to my letter of the 13th January last, I have 
the honour to inform you that a consignment of the seed of Penta- 
desma butyracea, the butter and tallow tree of Sierra Leone, was 
received from the Government of that colony in June last. 

his seed was at once forwarded for investigation to Messrs. 
Samuelson & Sons, Ltd., of Liverpool, and the result is con- 
tained in the enclosures herewit 

. The price of seed oils in this country at the present time is 
rather low and hence the estimated value of the tallow seeds 
stated by Messrs. Samuelson p ae (to use their own words) “is 

hardly a fair one upon which to base calculations as to the real 
commercial value of the seeds.’ 


324 


4, Nevertheless the investigation has been a useful one and i 
thanks of the Government are due to Messrs. i^m son & Son 
for the trouble they have taken in the matter. We now for r 
the first time the percentage of oil in these seeds dnd the probable 
uses to which it can be applied. 


have, &c., 
(Signed) W. T. THISELTON-DYER, 
Director. 
The Hon. Sir Robert — K.C.B., 
Colonial O 
Do une ‘Street, S. W. 


[Enclosure 1.] 
Messrs. SAMUELSON & SONS TO ROYAL GARDENS, KEW. 


Scottish Chambers 
astle Street, Liverpool, 
” 23rd October, 1896. 
DEAR SIR, 

WIT Paes to the investigation with the “butter and 
tallow” M tas ved, we find they contain 41 per cent. of oil, 
of which we pen nées a small sample. Our investigations have 
hitherto only been in the laboratory, and the quantity supplied is 
not large enough for a practical test. 

The oil, we think, would be suitable for soap-making; this we 
shall be able to ascertain in the course of a week or two, as we ar 
getting one of our soap-making friends to try it. If it should be 
suitable for soap-making, and the refuse suitable for cattle foods, 
we think the price of the seeds ought to range from £8 to £10 per 
ton, delivered in England, according to the state of the market. 

Yours truly, 
(Signed) EDW. SAMUELSON. 

The Director, 

Royal Gardens, Kew. 


[ ENCLOSURE 2.] 


Messrs. SAMUELSON & SONS TO ROYAL GARDENS, KEW. 


Scottish Chambers, 
. 48, Castle Street, Liverpool, 
8th December, 1896. 
DEAR SIR, 
THE writer saw Mr. H. S. Timmis, of Messrs. Gossage & Sons, 

y — v x weg that the oil made from the nuts of which 
you ks, is (though not an oil of high quality) 
d ndoubieliy suitable for soap-making, and, so far as we can te 
you, would probably fetch about £2 per ^oi leni than palm-kernel 

or cocoa-nut oil. Both these oils are very low at present (very 
little over £20 per ton), and perhaps to-day's price is hardly a fair 
one to base any calculations on as to the commercial value of the 
puts, 


325 


The cake we have not yet had a report upon; but as soon as we 
have, we will send it on to you. We 29 ae think it can by any 
possibility be worth more than £3 per ton, which would to-day 
give the selling value of the nuts at a maxim mum of £6 per ton, 
delivered in Liverpool. Whether it would pay to import at this 
price we very much doubt, and from what we can see of the oil 
we think it would not be suitable for any other purpose than 
soap-making. It is not good enough for c andle-making, and it is 


Any further information we get on the subject we shall at once 
send you. 


Yours truly, 
(Signed) EDW. SAMUELSON. 
The Director, 
Royal Gardens, Kew. 


DLXXXI.—COFFEE em AT THE GOLD 


The progress made in the cultivation of us at the Gold Coast 
has been noticed in the ied Bulletin (1895, pp. 12, 21 and 165). 
In the Blue Book Rep a — year i893 (Colonial Office 
Reports, pue song 1895, N 136) the following account was 
given of the experiments carried « on in connection with coffee and 
cacao at the Botanic Station at Aburi : 

* A good deal of general work has been done in the Govern- 
ment Botanical Station during the year and considerable attention 
has been paid to the plantations of coffee and cacao, in ihe culti- 


natives appear to have become interested. Along the road leading 
from the Bolanos Station through the country of Akwapim to the 
teehee are large numbers of small clearings in which coffee 


are to be seen in a most flourishing condition. The Liberian 
coffee plant appears to thrive best, but there are large Seres in 
also of the Arabian coffee plant, the berry of which, however, is 
small and apparently Pose omen. It will probably be necessary 
for the Government at no distant date, if the coffee industry i is to 
be fostered as a trade, to instruct these native cultivators in the 
proper way o f preparing the berry for export. At present the most 
primitive method is employed. The berries are scraped by hand 

with a round stone worked in the hollow of a larger stone, and 
ain this process they are washed and dried in the sun. It is 
obvious that a large crop could not be so dealt with, and that the 

employment of machinery in the near future is imperative. The 
initiative will have to be taken by the Government, Pire cd E 
the general ignorance on the part of the natives of “all hin 
even of the simplest character, and because no single native culi 
vator possesses sufficient capital, enterprise, or experience to take 
the maher in hand.” 

the last two years the Government has introduced machi- 

nery for pulping and curing coffee, and consignments of both coffee 
and en forwarded through the Crown Agents for 
sale in the London market. This plan afforded the best means for 


326 

testing the commercial value of the produce, and it is gratifying 
to find that the result shows that coffee and cacao can be grown in 

est Africa capable of realising good prices in European markets. 
Much still remains to be done to induce the natives to cultivate 
and cure Are produce in a satisfactory manne 

During the year 1896 there were shipped ‘from the Aburi 
Bofanio- Station 30 bags z coffee and four bags of cacao. The 

urn sales were as follows :— 


CROWN AGENTS TO COLONIAL SECRETARY, GOLD COAST. 


Downing Street, S.W., 

ŠIR,- 17th July, 1896 

I HAVE the honour to inform you, with reference to your 
letter of the 15th April last, that we have caused the bags of 
coffee and cocoa sent home per s.s. ** Cabenda" to be sold at the 
Commercial Sale Rooms, Mincing Lane, London, by a first class 
firm of colonial brokers, em Rucker & Bencraft, 2d the 
following has been the result 


daa FEE. 

The 26 bags marked L were examined, sorted, cleaned, husked, 
and then OR into 15 bags, and were sold at the rate of 
10/- per ew 

The te ‘bags marked A were similarly treated, refilled into 
two bags, and sold at the rate of 56/- per cwt. 


hg. 

The net amount realised for the coffee 
ES o A. D 41295: 10-0 

COCOA. 

PER tup bags of cocoa were sold at the 

of 37/- per cwt., the net amount 
iet being ... vee i I: oe l 
Gi ast 

The aus to nM doc and Por doe 
there *129' 3 


Net total realised ... £56 19 10 


I enclose, for the information and guidance of the Colonial 
uveramenb copies of the letters, dele and account sales which 
e have received from the brokers 


ave, &c. 
(Signed) E. E BLAKE. 


[ Enclosure. | 
Me.srs. RUCKER & BENCRAFT TO CROWN AGENTS. 
37, Mincing Lane, E.C., 
GENTLEMEN, 8th July, 1896. 
THE four bags cocoa will be offered at Abl sale on 
Tuesday next. 
Referring to the shipment of coffee and coco 
Ist. We should recommend T friends sies use stouter gunny 
. for their bags. 


327 
2nd. Ape dry their Mocha seed coffee more before shipping it 
in husk 
. To clean their Liberian coffee themseives before rt a 
the disk being so heavy, and there being no or ur to preser 


Yours, &c. 
(Signed) J. À. RUCKEE & BENCRAFT. 


shipments for the bere year (1897) are described in the 
following corrresponden 


JURATOR, BOTANIC em GOLD Coas", TO ROYAL 
GARDENS, KEW. 


buri, 
DEAR BUM 13th June, 1897. 
AVE taken the liberty of writing to inform T ga thoj 
the potisis Station is now properly fenced in. 
pleted on the 12th instant; there are two gates which are i dock 
after 5 p.m 
The shipment of coffee and cacao for 1897 from this station is 
as follow 


eem coffee, dried in parchment 46 sacks. 
» cherry dried uod P nas 
Arabian E dried in parchment ‘EE je 
Cacao sh en) sic 
Total 2...568 


This was sent off about the end of May, and with the exception 
of the five sacks of Arabian was harvested and prepared by 
myself. 


I am, &c. 
(Signed) C. H. HUMPHRIES. 
The Director, 
Royal Gardens, Kew. 


Messrs. RUCKER & BENCRAFT TO CROWN AGENTS. 


37, Mincing Lane, E.C. 
GENTLEMEN, 17th August, 1897. 
WE have now on pleasure to enclose contract for cight 
bags vier "n e glen ” at 58/-. 

The ata tory: there is at the moment a 
sonaidersid speculation current in cocoa, and a few months ago 
such cocoa would only have realised about 40/- per cwt. 

In a rising market common sorts yi reap the greater 
id i Se in falling markets they suffer mo ~ 

tside appearance of this cocoa is fairly good, the break i is 

ie dbi: = often defective. The dark colour of the beans you 

may be able to remedy, they ought to bə rosy in ria the 
defective can certainly be got Be of by more een ring. 


We a 
(Signed) J. A. RUCKER r ee 


328 


ACCOUNT SALE of 8 bags cocoa, per “ Bathurst" (s.) at Accra, 
sold Im order and for account of the Crown Agents for the 
Coloni 


in 7. 
August 17th. 

©. drs. En € 
8 bags ... $ 2 P at 58/- ida 24 14 0 
Discount, 24 per cent. ... ie 012 4 
£24 1 8 
Charges  ... i es 2 I 4 
Net proceeds TT KA ic 2 5:4 


Messrs. RUCKER & BENCRAFT TO CROWN AGENTS. 


19th August, 1897. 
GENTLEMEN, 
EFERRING to the sale of your coffee yesterday 23 bags ex 

* Bathurst ” a a normal lot of African Liberian and sold at 
about value. 

Two bags ex “Bathurst” was a retail lot ay pou have sold 
at 10 more money if there had been 20 bags o 

As regards t bags ex “ Bathurst" this S lo a retail lot, 
but in quantity it would not have fetched much more money. As 
to the preparation of this lot, we should imagine uoh could be 
done to improve quality, the coffees appear thoroughly worm 
eaten and the appearance is very rough 


Yours, &c., 
(Signed) J. A. RUCKER & BENCRAFT. 
aaa of 28 bags coffee, per ** Bathurst” (s.) at Accra, 


sold by or and for account of the Crown Agents for the 
Colonies. 


1897. 
August 18th. 


c. . lbs. : 

23 bags ex 28. 0:21 3639/6. = 55 13 5 
T. e 2.9. .0 py MA a 9 08 
a o» n 2-9 24 y 39/6 516 5 

28 bags 399 2 18 £64 10 6 


Discount, 1 pér cent.  ... a 0 12 11 


Chan .. 1 4 55. T5 p 1 
Net proceeds ... T = £481 i 1 6 


DLXXXII.-BOTANICAL ENTERPRISE IN WEST 
AFRICA 
The development of the system of Botanie Stations in West 


Sir Alfred Moloney, i in 1888 ; the next at Aburi on the Gold COME 

n 1890, under the supervision of Sir W. Brandford Griffith. 
The cae ai - the Ducis was established in 1894, and in 1895 
Sir Frederic Cardew was successful in ranging far what 
promises to pes a useful station at Freetown, pas Leo 


In addition to these, a station was eae in 1891, under 
the Foreign Office, in the Niger Coast Protecto 


The early attempts to start these stations were PES of a 


emer led to a desire to place them o more permanent 
ing. t a conference held at ih. Colonial Office, in 
Saem sete at which the four West African Governors 
were present (Kew Bulletin, 1893, pp. 363-368), steps were 
taken to extend the Botanic Station system and to improve the 
position and standing of the curators 
Asa result of this conference, the Botanic Stations in West Africa 
have been placed ona TR footing to those existing in other parts 
of the Empire, and their influence bcm usefulness are steadily 
increasing. The health of the curators has, on the whole, been 
satisfactory. The only death short the Curators of the 
existing stations occurred at Aburi in 1895, when Mr. W. Crowther, 
a remarkably promising man, died after nearly four years' service. 
There is no ipe — the special leave on e pay granted to 


body of Dads officers p assist in the work of the Botanic 


stations, and t harge during the absence o e Curators, 
ar ments were made to train negro boys in horticultural work, 
and to make a selection of t st ising for further 


Kew 
returned to West Africa in Mis, 1894. One is now in charge o 
the Government House garden and grounds, while the other * 
Assistant Curator at dh Botanic Station, 


lt is — that efforts will be made to train similar men in the 
other Coloni 

In the pinin it has been sought to increase the efficiency 
of the Curators themselves, and to afford them opportunities for 
becoming thoroughly acquainted kde th the possibilities of 
DUCUM of West African industrie 


The eial action oxen, in this direction is shown in the 
P dua correspondence 


330 


ROYAL GARDENS, KEW, TO COLONIAL OFFICE. 
Royal Gardens, K 
March 25th, 1897. 
SIR, 

IN the memorandum, approved by the Secretary of State, 
transmitted in Mr. Bramston's letter of September 25, 1893, the 
conditions of employment of the Curators of the s everal Botanic 
Stations in the West African colonies are laid dow | 

. Number 4 of these Duci me these officers bali have the 
benefit of the fuse Reg ons as regards, amongst other 
things, leave. They a xp» cima entitled to six months' leave of 
absence on full pay after twelve months’ consecutive service in 
he Gold Coast Colony and Lagos, and after fifteen in Sierra 
Leone and the Gambia. 

3. While I am satisfied that this privilege is essential to the 
preservation of health necessary for the efficient performance of 
their duties, I am doubtful whether it is altogether satisfactory to 
treat such prolonged leave exclusively as holiday. No doubt men, 
animated with some zeal for their duties, will devote a portion at 
least of their leave in this country to work which would increase 
a — cy. But they are at present under no obligation to 
do s to me, therefore, a matter well worth the 
consideration of the Secretary of State whether in this particular 

me modification of the general regulation should n 


vnde, 
4. I would suggest that each Curator on his return to England 


months of his leave to the study of such subjects, whether 
commercial or horticultural, as the Director may indicate to him, 
and that, further, the receipt of his pay for that period shall be 
contingent on a certificate from the Director that he has employed 
himself for the time specified in a satisfactory manner. 

Ia 


m, etc., 
(Signed) W. T. THISELTON-DYER. 
Edward Wingfield, Esq., C.B., 
Colonial Office 
Dewar Street, S.W. 


COLONIAL OFFICE TO ROYAL GARDENS, KEW. 


Downing Street, 
13th April, 1897. 


SIR, 
I AM directed by Mr. Secretary Miia berini to inform you, 
in reply to yonr letter of the 25th of March, that he entirely 
agrees with you e thinking it desirable that diia Curators of 
Boulton Station in the West African Colonies should be 
required to devo té a portion of their leave of absence to work 
which would increase their efficiency 
2. It has always been he ld by du Secretary of State that the 
leave which is granted to Europeans in the service of the West 
A n Colonies is not to be treated as an ordinary holiday, and 
that thoe that receive it may be called upon to undertake any 
WO) oed go through any course of instruction that the Government 


331 


may think desirable. Many officers have been required to do so, 
and there will be no difficulty in laying down the rule which you 
nae in the case of Curators 

3 copy of your letter and of this reply will be sent to the 
Governors of the four West African Colonies, for their information 
and guidance. 

4. I am to add that Mr. F. E. Willey, the Curator of the 
Botanical Station at Sierra Leone, has recently arrived in this 
j — and that he will be told to zepon himself to you, with a 

view to his devoting two months out of his time in England to 
the ois of such subjects as you may indicate to him 


am, &c., 
(Signed) EDWARD WINGFIELD. 
The Director, 
Royal Gardens, Kew. 


COLONIAL OFFICE TO ROYAL GARDENS, KEW. 


Downing Street, 6th July, 1897. 

SIR, 

I AM directed by Mr. Secretary Chamberlain 2 acknowledge 
the receipt of your letter of the 24th of June, in which you 
suggest that Cantons of West African Botanical Stations, who are 
called upon to pursue a course of study at Kew during their 
leave of absence, shouid receive an allowance of £10 to cover all 
travelling and other expenses 

9. It has occurred to Mr. Chamberlain that hardship might be 

aused in individual cases by the grant of a fixed sum to cover 
travelling expenses, which must of course vary greatly. He would 
suggest, therefore, emn unless you see any objection, the allowance 
should bea fixed sum of £1 for every week spent at Kew, and 
that the travelling expenses actually incurred should be paid to 
men who do not live in or near London. 

3. The tiong would odty 65 paid on the receipt of a certificate 
from you that the officer M completed his studies at the Royal 
Gardens to your satisfacti 

4. It would be worin that the allowance of £1 a week 
was made to cover all expenses save those of travelling, end that 
the only additional payment would be for railway fare from 
the officer’s usual place of abode to Kew, and back again, on the 
completion of the course. 

5. It may be assumed that the total payment to be made would 


unless an officer is forced to pay heavy gps edis 


(Signed) 'SoHw: "BRAMSTON. 
The Director, 
Royal Gardens, Kew. 


During this summer, Mr. F. E. Willey, Curator of the Botanic 
Station at Sierra Leone, and Mr. Walter Haydon, Curator of the 
Botanic Station at the Gambia, have deus gest weeks of their 
leave (July 5th—A ugust 25th) to a course udy of economic 

subjects at Kew. They have carefully mcd. the West African 


332 


products in the Museums of Economic Merl and made notes of 
those not yet brought into commerce. The ey have paid special 
attention to rubbers, fibres, coffee , Cacao, Spices, a an gums, and 

spent some time in consulting standard books affording the 
latest information on these and similar subjects. While studying 


8 

c of those likely to v suitable for West Africa, and arrange- 
ents have been made send out a selected number of such | 

piini with them on eke olara to the Colonies. Visits were 

arranged for the inspection and trial of machinery for the 

preparation of coffee and other RM products, and also to the 

principal gale rooms in Mincing Lan 


The following memorandum will show what was accomplished 
in one day's visit to the latter :— 

* About a dozen of the principal produce brokers were visited, 
and large SEN of products were seen and examined in the 
various office 

v samples of ginger were particularly interesting. We spent 

n comparing the samples of African ginger, from 

coa aig with those which had arrived from the West 
Indies. 

“A gonsiderapin difference was noticed in the character of the 
produce when the two sorts were compared. 

" The sam we of ginger from TER. Leone were all coated, and 
the omes were small. The quality was poor, and the prices 
obtained were only about one-third of those of the best Jamaica 


TA small quantity only was shown of coated ginger from the 
West Indies. In nearly all the samples the rhizomes were very 
much larger than those from Sierra Leone. 

The principal brokers visited were Messrs. Lewis & Peat. 
io an 


Here 5 ai 
ipecacuanha, Chinese star anise, Tinnevelly and Alexandrian 

senna, Kombe (Strophanthus hispidus), Pudding pipe (Cassia 
ther spices coffee, cinnamon, peppers, chillies, nutmegs, mace, and 
o Spic 

* The ote produets noted during the day were gums, wax, 

tapioca, ginger, cloves, sugar, cascarilla bark, bucliu leaves, myrrh, 
simarouba , &c. 

* Fibres were not so numerous as other prednes, but a few were 
observed, including raffia, piassaba, bowstring hemp, Mauritius 
hemp, poean coir, and West African unde ig Very little of 
ihe latter was seen 

s si sm Mincing Lane, a visit was paid toa warehouse in 
Crutched Friars, where the v rene drugs were to be seen in bulk, 
amongst vios) dragon' 8 blood, gamboge, aloes in skins and in 
boxes, gum guaiacum, sarsaparilla i in bales: ipecacuanha, benzoin, 
and various other produ cts. 

(Signed) WALTER HAYDON. 


There can be little doubt that the opportunities thus afto rded 


333° 


impossible to over-estimate the value of such training, and there 
can be little doubt that the pie will be apparent in a muc 
more rapid advance in the material development of these 
Colonies, which have rans ud almost entirely dependent 
on trade in native and forest products, and m" devoted little 
attention to the systematic vultbeiiot of the so 


DLXXXIIL—MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. 


MR. LOUIS GENTIL, a member of the gardening staff of the 
Royal Gardens, has been appointed by the Government of the 
Congo Free State to the post of Agricultural Expert. He leaves for 
Africa in October. 


Botanical Magazine for September.— Plates 7552 and 7553 are given 
oa new species of Scheelea, described as S. kewensis. It is a native 
of tropical Remi wena = = eee cavad i in the Royal Gardens 


for many years the ong n of Maximiliana regia. 
The plant is now 75 feet high, site pue for the first and only 
time in 1895. Other plants drawn are Cirrhopetalum Curtisti, 


Helianthus giganteus, and Veronica balfouriana. The Cirrhope- 
talum is also a new species, having been sent to Kew by Mr. C. 
Curtis, F.L.S., of Penang. It is allied to C. Büsbür ghi and 
C. concinnum, both of which are figured in Hooker’s Re 
Plantarum, plates 10574 and 2060B. The Helianthus is ery 
old ionge , being mentioned in botanical works publis hed eM the 
end of the seventeenth century. he specimen figured was 
supplied by A. B. Freeman Mitford, Esq., C.B., from his fine 
garden at Batsford Park, Gloucestershire. The New Zealand 
Veronica is the third new "plant published in this number of the 
Magazine. It approaches V. bei A ee 6390), differing 
somewhat in habit, and having longer The specimen 
figured was grown in Sir J. D. Hooker’s ania i — 


Victoria regia.—A new variety of this fine water-lily has been 
grown at Kew this year. lt was raised from seeds received from 
Fr . Dreer, nurseryman, Philadelphia. It differs from all 


six o'clock. It ~ Sle a with extraordinary vigour. and flowers 
more freely than A second plant sent from Kew to 
the Royal fo yA ea Glasnevin, has shown the same 
Guatattrigen. 


` New Wing of Temperate House.—Kew is well supplied with 

accommodation for nus requiring the temperature of the stove 

and cool greenhouse, but has long wanted an * intermediate 
house of larger aia ckistots than the Dons vltols (No. IV.). 

been supplied by the erection of the South Wing of 

the Tompetide House. It was included in the original design by 


334 


Decimus Burton, the — of which was commenced in 
1860. The octagons were finished in 1861, and the centre block 
in 1862. The two vins acad Urs mci although the raised 
terrace had been prepared for 
This important addition ^m a quali ecured in great measure 
by the exertions of the Right Honourable Joseph Chamberlain, 
Secretary of State for the Colonies. It is intended to devote it 
mainly to large specimens of economic plants, such as the Mango, 
Guava, Cinchona, Sisal Hemp, &c. The construction is com- 
posite ; the steel part are supported on cast-iron columns; 
the sashes and frames are of wood. The interna] dimensions are 
112 ft. 6 ins. by 62 ft. 6 ins. The height of the centre is 38 ft; 
past of ove side aisles 27 ft. 6 ins. The whole of the plants are 
n beds, the total area of which is 4,842 square feet. The 
Bikey area is divided into four of these, each 41 ft. by 15 ft. 8 ins. 
Others, 7 ft. wide, run all round the sides and ends of the house. 
A du system of subsoil drainage has been provided 
throu 
In e qo block Australian Jogo is ig D ed the 
South Wing will have largely a Mex character. At the south 
end this is emphasized by two re “af rockwork which have 
been planted with Agaves, Opuntias, and Cereus. With these are 
associated the Old World Eupho rbias and Aloes of corresponding 
habit. Alongthe centre path is an avenue of Cocos plumosa. Other 
forms which will be found are Erythea armata, Howea belmoreand, 
Pseudophenix Sargentii, Geonoma gracilis, Chamedorea elatior, 
Onryedlidoe arpus lutescens, etc. With these are intermixe 
a large number of interesting flowering shrubs, such as Lager- 
stremia, Mackaya, Erythrina, Blakea, Alberta, Yisulia, etc., for 
the proper cultivation of which Kew has hi therto been una able to 
provide the proper conditions. It is intended to proceed at once 
with the erection of the North Wing, for which a vote on account 
has already been taken. It is proposed to devote this principally 
to Himalayan plants. 


ith 
supplying water from the Thames for the Botanic Garden. 
1853 the fuosinitii in the ate was made. About 1855 the pumping 
station was removed to near Kew Pa e With the growth e 


engin - house in mee ans ure grounds was built to pump the water 
from the lake. In 186 the present water-works were con- 
structed 4 the tidal water enters the lake from the river, and after 


high pressure over the grounds, and is also laid on to the Museums, 
Herbarium, and the Crown property. 


335 


For some time this arrangement provided an Meu supply 
of water for the needs of the establishment. But in recent years 
it is notorious that the Thames has undergone a considerable 
change. From various causes "x. has oe some of the features 

f a torrent. Often in flood winter, it is frequently in the 
neighbourhood of maw almost mind in siii except when filled 
by the tide. The tidal wave is more rapid and often short, and it 
is now difficult to secure à sufficient supply to fill the Jake on 
which the whole system of pets supply depends. The first step 
to remedy this state of things was to make, in 1887, a four-foot 
culvert calculated to admit at one tide four times the amount of 
water previously taken in. But the emptiness of the bed of the 
river during the summer Punti had another and unforeseen effect. 

he 


ere 
ean be little doubt that the vinim de level of the ground-water has 
of late years considerably fallen. The effect manifests itself in 
many ways during dry summers. The older trees suffer severely, 


and many which have succumbed have had, in consequence, to be 
removed. The turf and shrubberies have suffered still more, and 
can only be kept in a tolerable rare. E incessant and copious ~ 
watering. A large extension of the of water-supply had 
therefore become absolutely bdo Cy "t the attractions of Kew 
as a garden were not to be destroyed, and the unique collections of 
dam mage. The 


a 
the employment of discharged s soldiers duri ring the of 
1891-4. The mud was spread on the wg: of turf. B ‘their 
great a The next was to increase the pumping pow 
and this was accomplished by the minaret in 1895, of a triple: 
expansion pumping engine auxiliary to the compound steam- 
engine erected in 1864. It was followed by the laying down of a 
complete system of service pipes throughout the neue A 
This has been distributed over the past three years and isn 
completed. At the same time all the hydrants wid dici fitted 

with a uniform screw, so that the hose and other apparatus are 
e where ap ce endi The multiplication of stand-pipes 
will eventually 1 ead to considerable economy by saving the wear 
and tear inseparable from the use of india -rubber hose in great 
lengths. 

The water-works in the Royal Gardens were connected ber 
the reservoir in Richmond Park by a single seven-inch main, la 
down in 1868. This had, owing to the strain of the qoute 
purpose it served, shown signs of givin ig way, a state of things 
which might have ‘caused grave inconvenience, and, in the event 
of fire, serious disast 

During the past is a second nine-inch main, two-and-a-half 
miles long, has been successfully laid. As this had to carried 
under the line of the London and South-Western Railway, the 
operation was attended with considerable difficulty. It was, how 
ever, successfully accomplished by Messrs Simpson and Co., (nder 
the superintendence of Mr. J. Allen, the Assistant Clerk of the 
Works. The old main is now only used for the distribution of 
y es dias service pipes. 

€ 


336 


It is further uri to duplicate the filter-beds. "The sand in 
these requires to be washed periodically, and during this operation 
the water-supply is either curtailed or altogether in abeyance. 


e 


Finally, i E i doubt be necessary ultimately to enlarge the 

reservoir in “Rie ond Park so as to maintain a more copious head 
o Nose in Saar of great d ooghi, such as have been recently 
experienced. 
These partieilurs are put on record because, probably, few of 
the visitors to Kew realise the anxiety and expense which, in this 
and other matters, the maintenance of a great garden imposes on 
those who have the care of it. 


Chinese Bandoline Wood.—The origin of this curious product, of 
which a specimen has long been in the Museum of the Royal 
Gardens, has always been a puzzle. 
havings of the wood yield a mucilage, when soaked in water, 
which is used by Chinese ladies in “ bandolining” their hair. 
Dr. E. Bretschneider (Notes on some Botanical Questions con- 
nected with the Export Trade of China, 1880, p. 14) mentions the 


. Playfair, Esq., H.B.M. Consul at Ningpo, sent to Kew specimens 
in leaf of a tree, called “tiao chang,” which he had collected in the 
mountains near Ningpo, with the information that shavings of 


women of that part of China. These specimens were identified 
z Machilus Thunbergii, Sieb. et Zucc., and flow t ing specimens 


set a ibd received from the same gentleman confirmed the 
identifica tion. Mr. Playfair further adds, on “the authority of 


énry, that the Canton shavings are from the same tree. 

The species is a native of Hong Kon aes and DE westward 
to Szechuan, in China ; also of Formosa, Japan, and the Corean 
Archipelago. Owing to the interest stehne to. the identification, 
ae ey has been figured in Hooker’s Icones Plantarum, 


The following — from Mr. Playfair gives some 
further particulars 
H.M. Consulate, Ningpo, 
March 2 1896. 
My DEAR MR. THISELTON-DYER, 
PLEASE do not retain any doubt at all about the identity of the 
specimen I sent you of atiicling Thunbergit with the Chehkiang 


tree, but there is no dus that what I sent Yol does have a 
glutinous juice, for I tested the vd bci thoroughly before 
sending the eol piece. My en specimen was about 12 feet 
long, and the branch measured “quite in inches in Sek in 


337 


used by the Ningpo women are procured locally. It is possible 
that the Canton shavings may be produced by a similar tree, but 
I cannot vouch for it. I will procure fruiting and flo owerin g 
specimens this year, if possible, but the nearest tree I know of is 
a long way off. 
Yours sincerely, 
(Signed) G. M. H. PLAYFAIR. 


Stooling of gutta percha.—The question whether the tree 
yielding gutta percha (Dichopsis Gutta, Benth.,) will prounoo 
shoots from the stump after the tree has been felled is of so 
practical gutem It appears now to have been Sosa p 
in the affirmativ 

EXTRACT ‘cee letter from Director, Gardens and Forest 

Department, Singapore, dated July 3, 1897. 

Re Prof. Ramsay’s letter about apto i of *Getah percha.” The 

tree always o comes up again when cut down. It can be cut to 


Were it not for this there would hardly be a single specimen in 
ko country. It grows slowly in this manner, but never fails to 
up aga 
ST isa vay t troublesome plant to propagate by cuttings, but this 
can be don 


Argentine palm kernels—The  palm-kernels to which the 
following communication relates, were identified at Kew as those 
of Acrocomia sclerocarpa. This is known as the Gru or Macaw 

alm, It isa native of Jamaica and otio West India islands, and of 
South America from Brazil southwards. The nuts do not hitherto 
appear to have been turned to any use, though their shell, which 
is very hard, has been sometimes used for carving. 


African Association, Limited. 
35a, Castle Street, Laces 
DEAR SIR, ^ n 
My Board instruct me to ask the favour of some Lp ee 
from your department in regard to a considerable quantity of 
kernels lately arrived at this port from the Argentine atic. 
They are informed that a very large tract of country produces the 


ri 

y desirous to get what information they can in respect to 
this new competing product Can you for their information be 
so kind as to say, is the palm of the Argentine region a true oil- 
palm, and would the fruit or kernel of this palm be likely to 
compare closely, or differ considerably in oily product, from that 
in which this Company is interested. 


Yours faithfully, 
(Signed) J. HAMPDEN JACKSON, 
Secretary. 


The Director, 
Royal Gardens, Kew. 


338. 


Asclepias curassavica as an insectifuge.—The use of this plant for: 
the purposes described in the following communication appears to 
be unrecorded :— 

Rostherne, Red Hill, Surrey, 
July 21, 1897. 

Miss Manning would be greatly obliged if the DNE would 
tell her what the enclosed plant is. It grows everywhere, as a 
weed, about the Isthmus of Tehauntepec (Southern. Mexico), and 
is used by the Indians there to keep away vermin, especially 
fleas. Miss Manning's friends in Mexico have tried it, and found 
it most suecessful. They make a rough broom of it, and sweep 
the floors and walls of their huts, and find that they are not 
troubled with fleas for a considerable time afterwards. They 
have tried brushing dogs with it be n their coats are full of 
vermin, and it appears to answer the same parpose with them. 

The Indian name of the plant is “ Chilpati 


Osiers from Madeira.—The decay of osier cultivation in this 
country has been discussed in the Kew Bulletin (1896, pp. 140—143). 
Asinthe case of vegetables (K. B , 1894, Pp. 219- cde 1895, pp. 
207-315) it seems often cheaper to import than to grow. But 
considering how easily osiers may be cultivated on bed unsuitable 
or any other crop, it seems strange that basket makers in the 
East of London should have to go to Madeira for their materials. 


WICKERWORK.—This industry has lately been started in the 
Kast-end of London, and considerable quantities are made in the 
blind and deaf and dumb institutions throughout the United 
Kingdom ; in consequence of this a fairly large and increasing 
export trade is being done in the “osiers,” of which the wickerwork 
is made. 

The r grown in Madeira is Salix ee They are 
chiefly Ko at the north side of the island, as they thrive to 
gl ems on the wet portions of land in eeinity to the 
*ribeiros," or mountain streams, which overflow their banks 
duh the late autumn and winter months. 

F. O. 1897. Annual Series, No. 1871. Report for the Year 1896 
on the Trade of Madeira, p. 4.) 


ROYAL GARDENS, KEW. 


BULLETIN 


OF 


MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION, 


No. 131.] NOVEMBER. (1897. 


DLXXXIV.—WEST INDIA ROYAL COMMISSION. 


THE terms of the UU QUA of the Royal Commission 
appointed to inquire into the condition and prospects of the 
West India Colonies were focided in the Kew Bulletin for this 
year (p. 109.) The Commission accomplished its task and issued 
its report in the course of last autumn. It has been thought desirable 


Commissio to e m à r 
circulation than will be reached by the more bulky EI: in 
which they are contained. It has not been thought necessary to 
include the seed formal portions of the report or those aeret to 
the sugar question, on which the Commission was not unanimous. 

The Soelas at which the Commissioners arrived as to the 
nibissf resources and possibilities of future development of the 
West Indies have long been known at Kew, where they have for 


a 
power, Kew, with varying Pure. has endeavoured to prepare for 
it by such scmódiál expedients as were possible. But the part of 
Cassandra is never grateful. The term of office of a Colonial 
Governor is brief, and there are few ies Bee or perhaps have e 
power, to adopt more than an opportunist policy. New industri 
can only be built up beria and the well conceived plins of one 
Governor do not always commend themselves to his successor, 
It is certain, however, that in work of this kind no permanent 
progress can be reached without patient and long-sustained effort. 
The Commissioners appended to their report a memorandum 

by the Assistant-Director, who accompanied the Commission as 
“expert adviser in botanical and agricultural questions,” on the 
“agricultural resources and de eben of British Guiana and 
the West India Islands." In accordance with the wish of the 

' of State that this boda be issued in a more convenient 
form, it will be printed as an additional volume of the Kew 
Bulletin. 

14687—1375—9/97 Wt6l D&S 29 A 


k 


340 


‘COLONIAL OFFICE to the TREASURY. 


Downing Street, 
Sir, November 9th, 1896. 
REPRESENTATIONS continue to reach Mr. Secretary Cham- 

berlain giving cause for increasing disquietude as to the = eia 
of certain West Indian and other B cvm d Colon 

2. The Lords ee of the Treasury are ae that 
the price of suga open markets has for some time past been 
affected by VEM EDNY Ra. caused both directly by the 
bounties given by some European Governments and indirectly by 
the effect of those bounties in stimulating an enormous produc- 
tion in advance of effective demand. 

Early in the year 1895 it was judged necessary by the 
Marquess of Ripon to sanction special remissions m taxation on 
sugar estates in Ta h Guiana, Trinidad, and the Leeward 

n consequence of the evidence laid Pon. him of the 
critical "position of this industry. In the course of that year very 
urgent petitions and memorials were addressed to the Secretary 
of State sie practically all the Colonies affected, through their 
Chambers of Commerce and other association s, making positive 
Um as to the distbteóus effect of the mida trade in the 
abandonment of estates and the disorganisation of industry. 
i p he 


w 
Governors. In November, 1895, Mr. Uhütiberala n was addressed 
by a very large and representative deputation on behalf of the 
West India sugar industry, and the commercial and engineering 
interests associated with it "SS desired that he should recom- 

end Her Majesty's Government to take active steps against the 
"Ear sugar bounties as the only means of saving the West 
Indian Colonies zm ruin. A report of the proceedings on this 
occasion is enclose 

n the s. ot ‘Angus last the amounts of the bounties offered 

by ‘the Gov of Germany and Austria-Hungary were 
apibertinately Müdblód: and a Bill has been prepared, and will 
probably be adopted in France, to raise the bounties in that 
country p sog ri although it is computed that they are 
even now equivalent to a grant of £3 5s. per ton. The new 
German rates are from Is. 3d. to ls. 9d. per ewt., or 25s. to 35s. 
per ton. 

5. The prospect created by the announcement of these increased 
rates caused a renewed fall of about £3 per ton in the market 
price of sugar, and o resulted in a fresh series of memorials to 
the Secretary of State, and in a stimulus to the tendency to 
abandon the Bain of estates. Announcements of the inten- 
tion to do this, and warnings as to the serious consequences that 
may be expected, are reaching Mr. Chamberlain from most of the 
Colonies affected. 

6. These facts are very briefly recapitulated without detail, 
which would be superfluous in viow of the position which Mr. 
Chamberlain has so far been forced to maintain towards all such 
representations, namely, that Her Majesty's Government do not 
see their way to take any effectual or active steps whatever to 
countervail the operation of the Bounties, 


P 


= 84l 


7. Until recently it appeared not impossible — the Continental 
Bounties might be spontaneously wit thdrawn, or that the over- 


natural manner by the collapse of unprofitable businesses. These 
nee are adjourned by the increase in the Bounties above 
ferred t 


8. Mr. Chamberlain feels that he cannot any longer disregard 
indications which are arising in the administrative purview of 
this Department of dfe liabilities and difficulties which 
the Colonies will not be able to meet unaided. 

9. At the end of the year 1895 there were deficits in Antigua 

and St. Kitts of upwards of £26,000 and £16,000 respaci velis and 
notwithstanding an unusually eee sugar crop in those islands, 

an increase in the rates of taxation, it is expected that these 

deficits will be increased during the current year. The pop es 

are almost entirely dependent on the sugar estates, and it is 

represented that estates are being abandoned. ere were is 

in St. Kitts this spring pio. from the reduction of wages on the 

sugar estates, and if there is any serion lack of employment a 
may be ected. e Windwa 


slands have during 1895 and 1896, notwithstanding severe 
retrenchment and the increase of taxation until the point of 
inelasticity has been reached, fallen into a eee of insolvency 
which c r. C hamberlain to apply to the Lords Commis- 
sioners for an iun gente as to which another letter 
will be addressed to you. The Lords Commissioners will recollect 
thatin the letter from this a inta of the 15th of August last, 
in which Mr. Chamberlain applied for assistance in the promotion 
of subsidiary industries, which the Lords Commissioners decided 
not to grant, the possibility that such an appeal might become 
necessary was foreshadowed. The abandonment of the majority 
of the sugar estates in St, Vincent has been definitely announced, 
ded The Government of Barbados has been passing through 
vere financial difficulties, involving reductions of the cost of 
tablishments. "The effect of the abandonment of estates in this 
iden would be particularly grave and would necessitate assisted 
emigration 
ll. With regard to some of these Colonies there may be reason 
to think that improvements in manufacture have been neglected, 


re, 
nevertheless, cultivation is being reduced, nor in British Guiana, 
where it is being reduced with very serious ede et involving 
the loss of aol capital invested in expensive mac 
12, This process has a special significance in the we last-named 
Colonies, the Governments of which are responsible for many 
thousands of coolie immigrants, which they are liable to be called 
upon, under contract, to repatriate. If sugar cultivation, for 
itable, and in 


bados w 
tration, ede would be unable to provide for their repatriation 
14687 A2 


342 


in the one pnt and for their support or emigration in the other 
case. The circumstances of Antigua, St. Kitts and Nevis are 
analogous on à gem scale. 

13. The special danger which appears in the outlook in the 
Colonies thus dependent on sugar lies in uw M that this industry 
employs far more labour to the acre than any possi a wibentute, 
and that no substitute is immediately steilabie ; that Ys revenue 
depends directly on the industry, and that the administrations 
are, therefore, liable to be Tilátiblalts crippled just when there is 
the greatest strain upon them, and that any general failure of 

i ot 


immediate rioting, at least a very dangerous and unstable 
situation, in which more efficient police arrangements than exist 
in the majority oí of the ceci and possibly the presence of troops 
or ships of war may be necessary to maintain order. 

d paui wlantetton- turbines involving a large number 
of casualties has been reported from British Guiana by last 
mail. 

15. It must also be borne in mind that the Colonial banking 
establishments in the West Indies are considerably involved in 
the sugar industry, and that a collapse o of that aiy would be 
likely to bring about a financial crisis, the gravity of “which and 


? 
the Sugar Bounties Convention was hot Ded. It has now, in 
view of further developments, become a question whether the 
continued enjoyment of this advantage does not involve the ruin 
of the British sugar-producing Colonies, and, if so, what this 
prospect further implies, both as regards the social future of such 
. Oolonies and in claims for Imperial expenditure which it will 
not be possible to resis 
. The position of affairs being ^x indicated, Mr. Chamberlain 
not prepared, as Secretary of State for the Colonies, to accept 
the responsi ibilility of allowing mikaa to take their course and to 
acquiesce in the policy of non-intervention hitherto pursued in 


West "m toner as early as can be arranged, so as to investigate in 

es oce ——— ie their portion has improved or 
n the last ten years, and the causes involved ; 

- are vein the state and. imas of the sugar industry, 


3 


343 


and of any alternative industries existing or possible to be 
established - what has been the course of, and what causes have 
affected, the pice xu roue dá of the Governments of late 
years ; what $ the condition and temper of the negro and coolie 
populations ; add what line of tud éd development it is likely 
that these populations may follow bts feo in the event of 
the extensive abandonment of su 
19. There are xd particulars of reper subsidiary to ires 
main heads which would come within the scope of suc 
Commission ; the segs terms of "hifateligo may be dolar Add 
if the appointment of the Commission is decided upon 
20. Mr. Chamberlain desires me to request that you "will move 
the Lords Commissioners to give their serious consideration to 
this proposal, which has not been made without mature delibera- 
tion on a long succession of circumstances conducing to suggest 
its necessity. As it would be important that the Commission, if 
appointed, should start for the West Indies without delay and 
proceed as expeditiously as possible with the proposed investiga- 
d if the Lords 


d report, . Cham 
Commissioners will favour him with an early intimation as to 
whether they agree to the principle of the inquiry he proposes. 


am, &c., 
EDWARD WINGFIELD. 


SECRETARY of STATE for the COLONIES to SIR H. W. NORMAN, 


Downing Street, 
SIR, December 29, 1896. 

I HAVE the honour to transmit to you the Queen's Com: 
mission appointing yourself, eri Edward Grey, Bart, M.P., and 
Sir David Barbour, K.C.S.L., to be Commissioners to inquire into 
the conditions wed ‘prospects of the sugar-growing Colonies in oe 
West Indies, and tt Mr. Sydney Olivier, B.A., t 
secretary to the Comm 

I have also the Mébodk ves inform you that the Queen has been 
pleased to approve of Daniel Morris, Esq., D.Sc., C.M.G., Assistant- 
Director of the Royal Gardens, Kew, accompanying the Commis- 
sion as expert adviser in botanical and agricultural questions. 

I have to request that you will be good enough to cause the 
necessary steps to be taken for carrying we effect Her Majesty's 


commands contained in the — Com n. 
A separate letter is being addre "erg to you, indicating the 
points to which Her Majesty's Doreen wish the inquiry to 


be specially directed 
] have, &c. 
J. CHAMBERLAIN, 


SECRETARY of STATE for the COLONIES to SIR H. W. NORMAN, 
Dow Street, 

January 5, 1897. 
n reference to my letter of the 29th of December, accom- 
panying the Royal Commission appointing you and Sir David 
Barbour and Sir Edward Grey Commissioners to inquire into the 


544 


present condition our future prospects of the D E 
Colonies in the t Indies, and to suggest such m res as 
appear to you best fedir to restore and maintain the propor 
of those Colonies, and their inhabitants, I have thought it desirable 
to state more fully than is expressed in the terms of the Commis- 
sion some of the points to which Her Many s Government 
would p the inquiry to be directed. 

2. In view of the representations referred to in the preamble of 


and 

necessary to dboortefh hir are the causes of the present — 
of that industry whether they are temporary.or perm nent ; 
whether they include matters independent of the oxitmetiuton of 
sugar produced under the e Bounty system, such as extravagance in 
management, imperfection in the processes of manufacture, in- 
adequate supervision consequent on absentee ownership, and, if 
so, whether the removal of these causes would enable it to be 
carried on profitably notwithstanding such competition 

3. A further subject of the — would be whether in the 
event of the production of sugar in these Colonies being dis- 


8 
branch of the inquiry you will, no doubt, derive valuable assist- 
ance from Dr. Morris. 

4. It is also of great importance to ascertain what effect the 
total or partial extinetion of the sugar industry would be likely 
to have upon the condition of the labouring classes and upon the 
revenue of the Colonies concerned, and whether any loss of 
revenue could be to any material extent met by reduction of 
public expenditure, and whether those Colonies would be able to 
provide the necessary cost of administration, including the relief 
of unemployed and Anae E n persons — subvention from 

the mother country. If it appears that such subventions will 
be necessary, Her Majesty 
furnished with your opinions as to their probable amount. 

5. I trust that the Commissioners will find it possible to com- 
plete their i inquiry in the Colonies within a period not exceeding 
four months, and in order to facilitate their movements from the 
different Colonies I have obtained the consent of the Lords Com- 

missioners of the ee to place a gunboat at their service. 

i ave, &c. 
J; CHAMBERLAIN. 


345 


PART 
ECONOMIC CONDITION OF THE WEST INDIA 
COLONIES. 


10. Your Majesty's possessions with which we have to deal in 
the present eren are all peus within the tropics, and extend 
from British Guiana in th uth-east to Jamaica in the north- 
west, through 1 20 “degrees of Togi de dhia 15 of latitude. Tbe 


stating that a journey from British Guiana to Jamaica by the mail 
route occupies eight days, allowing for the present detention of 
two pres at Barbados 

11. The Colonies may, a a whole, be described as eminently 
suited, pA by climate and i, for the growth of special tropical 
products, such as sugar-cane, cocoa, coffee, logwood, nutmegs, and 
various descriptions of fruit, of which the most important are 
bananas, oranges, cocoa-nuts, and -pine-apples. 

2. In some of the Islands cattle and horses can be profitably 
reared, but the raising of stock is never likely to be of more than 
local importance. There are extensive savannahs in the interior of 
British Guiana, which are said to be well suited for this purpose, 
but they cannot be utilised until means of access from the coast 
are provided. 

13. There is no prospect of manufacturing industries being 


established on any Seco rni cale. Nor is there any mine 
wealth of importance kno to exist, with the exception of 
asphalt, which is obtsbaed: teeta the well-known Pitch Lake of 


Trinidad, and the gold which has been re ge in considerable 
quantities from British Guiana in recent 

. Owing to the nature of the soil and ET such articles of 
human food as are yielded by cultivation in the tropics can, as a 
rule, be readily produced in large er and there is conse- 
quently no noe of any permanent deficiency of the bare 
necessaries of existence for the labouring classes. For this class 


0: 

food which can only be produced in temperate climates, and for 
manufactured poi including clothes, and, generally, for the 
purchase of import of any kind, ote ensi s West Indian 

ns are de Hed ndent on being able find a profitable 
foreign market for the special tropical "reducta which we have 
mentioned in paragrap . It is, moreover, onl of 
such an export trade that the population can be maintained ia 
such a condition of qe as will permit of sufficient revenue 
being raised to meet the cost of a civilised Government. 

15. The only Qualification of this general statement regarding 
the importance to the British Mes Indies of the e oe ort trade in 
agricultural products which we find it necessary to make has 
reference to British Guiana, whats the production of Mcd gold 
is already of considerable importance, and where operations are 
being carried on for the extraction of gold from quartz reefs. The: 


346 


asphalt industry in Trinidad is not of such magnitude as to 
support any considerable section t e popa Ama though it is a 
valuable source of revenue to the ernm 

16. We do not consider it ay to et at any length of the 
economic history of the West dg rs seeing that the special 
causes of the present depression have only begun seriously to 
affect the sugar-producing Colonies Millia the last pese years. 

l7. The prosperity of the West Indies in forme es was 
mainly due to sugar and rum, and the production of. these com- 
modities attained such dimensions as to dwarf, and, at one Uo. 
almost to extinguish, every competing industry. For many years 


t 

profitable than it used to be, and the production for export of 
such articles as hoa and fruit ha as made considerable progress in 

"ee of the Islands. 

18. The total value of iis sugar sois exported was about 
three and a Pede million pounds sterling, the value of the sugar 
being some 2,790,000/., of the rum 265,000/., and of the molasses 
195,0007. 

19. It will be seen that in most of Your Majesty’s possessions 
in the West ui qe the A eee of the sugar-cane, though they 
are now valued at prices which are much below those which 
prevailed a few years ino * till Seg by far the larger portion of 
the total Do of native produc 

20. The gravity of the imediate danger to the welfare of 
each Colony which would arise from a failure of the sugar-cane 
industry may, for practical purposes, be measured by the propor- 
tion which the exports * sugar, rum, and molasses bear to the 
total exports of that Colo 

21. In such an event the ‘welfare of each Colony would in the 
long run, however, depend on the extent to which à might. be 
found possible to establish shes industries 


CONSEQUENCES OF A FAILURE OF THE SUGAR 
INDUSTRY. 


39. If such reduction or extinction of the industry occurs, and 
if its place cannot be adequately filled by the substitution of other, 
industries, the consequences are likely to be of a very serious 
character. 

40. The-immediate result would be a e want of s renti 
for the labouring classes, and the rates of wages, which h 
already fallen, would in all giro bubllity p^ still further seduced 
The public revenue would fall off, and the Governments of som 
of Your mes possessions would be unable to meet the 
absolutely necessary public expenditure, cei interest on 
debt, whilst additional outlay would have to be incurred in pro- 
viding for the population by emigration or otherwise, and the 
general standard of living would be reduced to a lamentable 
extent in every Colony which is largely dependent on sugar. 

41. The Islands which are likely to suffer most in such a con- 
tingency are Barbados, St. Vincent, Antigua, St. Kitts-Nevis, 
| M ntserrat, and probably St. Lucia; but none of them would 


* 


347 


escape, except Grenada. British Guiana would also suffer se E 
and the problem to be dealt with in am Colony might pro 
one of exceptional difficulty. Jamaica and Trinidad ^h other 
resources, and the export i — crane Deieiiees has already 
been largely reduced, and now con ntributes less than one-sixth of 
the value of the total pau frati that island. 

. In British Guiana and Trinidad the necessity for keeping 
faith with the East?Indian immigrants, and of repatriating those 
of them who had a right to a free passage to India, and wished to 
take advantage of that right, might involve a large expenditure, 
which under the circumstances must fall upon the publie funds, 


: 


The present condition of such an Island as Tobago illus- 
trates the serious character of the economic and administrative 
he 


t 
exports of sigit from Tobago have already decreased very much. 
The resident population manages to live, but a consi iderable pro- 


on the cheapest and simplest form of government. New roads 
cannot be made, and even those that already exist cannot be kept 
in proper repair out of the revenue. 


FUTURE OF THE SUGAR INDUSTRY. 
107. The conclusions with regard to the sugar industry at which 


we have so far arrived may be summed up as follows :— 
There is, at present, no prospect of any considerable and per- 
manent rise in the price of sugar in the ordinary rse of events. 


The effect which the imposition of countervailing duties on the 
import of bounty- fed sugar into the United Kingdom would have 
upon price is uncertain, and, for reasons which we have stated, we 
are unable to nde such imposition or the dicta of a bounty 
on West Indian 

The cost of iod: sugar in those portions of the West 
Indies whores the old processes of manufacture are still followed 
could in many l aces b. reduced by the introduction, at a con- 
siderable cost, of new machinery, but the prospect of profit is not 
puch m to induce capitalists Sate to supply the necessary 

xem 
is possible that is varieties of sugar-cane may be 
Via d, but, in no is any such discovery likely to be 
made in sv ufficient time do "ihsterially alleviate the erbe dis- 
eid condition of the industry. 

Some disadv vantage is imposed on the producers of rum by the 
Imperial surtax on im ported spirits. 

A onies Aids piers is not a cause of the present depression, and 
the extension of resident ownership of estates would not 
alley improve the prospects of the industry. 

W and salaries have already been reduced, and no further 
economy can be étrpeuied in respect of them. 


348 


08. We feel some hesitation in expressing a positive opinion 
regarding ne future of such an industry as any of the production 
of sugar, which is liable to be affected b many unforeseen 
influence X economic and others, but on a full UBER of the 
circumstances of the sugar industry in the West Indies we are 
driven to the conclusion that there is no ponen of the present 
area of cultivation being med, Where the conditions for 
the production of sugar are favourable, and ei latest processes 
have been adopted, and tlie as nde: introduced, we believe 
that some West Indian sugar estates may, even at present prices, 
continue to show a su rom of receipts over workin ng expenses, 
but that surplus will not, in our opinion, be sufficient in all cases, 
after providing for detcetoration. and for the results of exception- 
ally , Ws vourable seasons, to yield the ordinary market rate of 
n the capital involved in the estates. Under present con- 

r 


"E 
.Q 
er? 


already begun, a na i in dek cases, a failure to renew the mac inery 
as it wears out on 'estates ipe a now well equipped, followed in 
time by a similar abandonme 
109. There is every reason a believe that a very serious con- 
dition of things is rapidly appro aching in Your Ma ajesty’ s West 
Indian possessions, and that the crisis will be reached in a very 
hav 


ny 

tes, where such decision is taken, work is not likely to cease 
altogether until the growing crop and the ensuing ratoon crop, o 
afte ecd wth of the canes, have been manufactured. Wher 
however, the owners of estates depend on loans for the Mee 
on of pe riim the collapse of the credit of the industry may 
result, in some instances, in the sudden cessation of all employ- 
ment upon such estates. 

10. It is also material to add that the exceptionally favour- 
€: season, which some of the Colonies have re cently experienced, 

to 


may be that no industry, or series of indu ustries, can 
be introduced into the West Indies which will ever complete 


beginning of substituting other industries for the cultivation of 
the sugar-ca 


SYSTEM OF PEASANT PROPRIETORS 


112, If the sugar estates are thrown out of cultivation, it is 
extremely improbable, and, in fact, it may be stated to be im- 
possible, that any industry to be condueted on large aioi can 
ever completely take its place, we have therefore no choice 
but to consider how means can be found to enable the mass 
of the population to support ieme in other ways than as 


349 


labourers on estates. If work cannot be found for the labour- 
ng 


i ion on estates, they must either emigrate or support 
themselves by cultivating small plots of land th 
account. No large industry, other than agriculture, offers any 


prospect of success, except possibly the gold industry in British 

uiana, and when large estates cannot be profitably worked 
the adoption of the system of cultivation by petty proprietors 
is inevitable. 

113. The labouring PR in the West Indies is mainly 
of negro blood, but “ther is also, in some of the Colonies, a 
strong body of "Fast Thi immigrants, e the descendants of 
such immigrants. The negro is an efficient la espai pore 

hen he receives good wages. He is disignlitied. $ nuous 


the future, E rily good-humoured, but  excitable and 
difficult to manage, especially in large numbers, when his 
temper is arouse iod. 

114. The East Indian immigrant, ordinarily known as the 
coolie, is not so strong a workman, but he is a steadier and 
more reliable labourer. He is economical in his habits, is fond 
of saving money, and will turn his hand to anything by which 
he can improve his position. 

115. The cultivation of the sugar-cane has been almost entirely 
carried on in the past on large estates, but both the negro and the 
coolie like to own small pat tches of land by which they may make 
iens ea sp and take a pride in their position as landholders, 

ugh in some cases they also labour at times on the larger 
tes a are generally glad to have the opportunity of earn- 
ing money occasionally by working on such estates, and on the 
construction and maintenance of roads and other public works. 
The existence of a class of small proprietors among the popula- 
tion is a source of both economic and political strength. 

116. The settlement of the labourer on the land has not, asa 
rule, been viewed with favour in the past by the persons interested 
in sugar estates. What suited them best was a large rn] of 
labourers, entirely dependent on being able to find work on the 
estates, and, consequently, subject to their eee and willing to 
work at low rates of w wage i. But it seems to us that no reform 
affords so good a prospect for the permanent weta in the future 
of the West Indies as ^u settlement of the labouring population 
on the land as small peasant proprietors ; and in.many places this 
is the only means by which the population can in future be sup- 
ported. The drawbacks to the system of peasant proprietors have 
hitherto been their want of knowledge and care in cultivation, and 
the habit of what is called predial larceny. The latter term is 
applied to the theft of growing crops, which is said to be very 
prevalent. We do not believe it will disappear until such 
practices are universall condemned oy native public opinion, 
which, unfortunately, does not appear to be the case at present, 
and in ‘the meantime each Colony e ded vim the question as 


850 


may seem best. The small proprietors show some desire to im- 
prove their modes of cultivation, and we shall have some sugges- 
tions to make on this subjec 

117. But whilst we think that the Governments of the different 


ined under natural economic conditions. On the contrary, we 
bes convinced that in many places they afford the best, and, some- 
times, the TI rofitable means of cultivating certain product S, 
and that it is not impossible for the two systems, of large estates 
ánd peasant holdings, to exist side by side with mutual 
advan 
TN d must be recollected that the chief outside influence with 
which the Governments of certain Colonies have ha reckon are 
bos representatives of the sugar estates, that thes decks 


uid that under pres conditions it is the s apila duty of Your 

Majesty’s Government to see that the welfare of the kokoti 

public is not sacrificed to the interests, or supposed interests, of a 

small but influential minority which has vae means of enforc- 
ing its wishes and bringing its claims to notice 


ERE OF A DEPARTMENT As ECONOMIC 
ANY IN THE WEST IND 


118. The a work of cultivating new pele must be 
left in the hands of private persons, whether owners of lar rge 
estates or peasant ail ste but there -— certain directions in 
which assistance can be given by the Sta 

120. Your AC 8 West Indian T REE are, as a rule, not of 
large nitrate and some of them, though possessing separate ad- 


out any information as to what is bate done elsewhere. The 
cultivator of one product is often quite ignorant of the best means 
of cultivating any other, and does not know whether his soil ms 
climate might be better adapted for something else 

remarks have special reference to the small cultivators, but the ej 
are not wholly inapplicable to persons interested in the larger 


estates. 

121. The botanical establishments in the larger es bap such 
as Jamaica, Trinidad, and British Guiana, have already rendered 
considerable assistance in improving agricultural inc asia, and 
ri. are capable of being made increasingly useful in put respect. 

n the Windward and Leeward Islands and Barbados, small estab- 
lishments called botanic stations were established a fw w years ago 
e advice of the Director of Kew Gardens, and the results, 
rk not yet extensive, have been of a distinctly promising 
character. It is evident that to grapple with the present circum- 
gtances, there is god ired for the smaller islands a special public 


anl 


peanon, capable of dealing with all questions connected with 
economic plants suitable for growth in tropical countries, and we 
recommend the establishment of such a department, under which 
should be placed the various botanic stations already in existence, 
hese tae should be enlarged in their scope and character, 
and be organised on the lines found so successful in MW In 
the latter Colany it is admitted that intelligent and progressive 
action in the direction of encouraging a diversity u industries 
has produced most satisfactory results. To-achieve this result has 
however, taken more than 20 years of persistent effort, and the 
Government has spent more than 100, rs aa that period on 
its botanical establishments. The depa nt has distributed 
seeds and plants at nhia prices by means ot the dep office, 
Government e iiri and coastal steam. serv it has supplied 
mergi orally, or by means of bulletins, depict the culti- 
vation of economic plants, and has encouraged the careful prepa- 
ation of the produce by sending agricultural instructors on tour 

through the Island to give lectures, demonstrations, and advice. 
122. The Din department recommended for carrying on 
similar work in the Windward and Leeward Islands should be 
under the abire of a competent Imperial officer, whose duty it 
would be to advise the Governors in regard to all matters 
affecting the agricultural development of the islands. He would 
take part in consultations with the object of improving agri- 
cultural teaching in colleges and schools, and of training students 
in agricultural pursuits, and would attend to the preparation of 
suitable literature on agricultural subjects. The existing botanic 
stations should be placed under his supervision, and the charge of 
tanic 


experimental caltivation of new plants to serve as an object 
lesson to cultivators, and it would be prepared to give the latest 
information to inquirers regarding economie products, and to 
provide suitable men as agricultural instructors. To effect al 
this will require funds entirely beyond the present resources of 
the smaller islands. We are, therefore, of opinion that as the 
necessity for such a depa visu is urgent, the eost should be 
borne by the Imperial Excheque 

123. The promising Rete work connected with raising 
new varieties of canes, and increasing the production of sugar by 
the use of manures and other means should receive special 
attention. "The cost of some of this work would be a legitimate 


extended, if found desirable, in "Trinidad and Jamaica. In 
addition, the botanic stations in the Leeward and Windw 
Islands, would maintain nurseries for the introduction of all new 
and promising canes, and would undertake the nemorum "m 
: : y 


- 392 


124. In ae with the question of introducing new industries 
into the West Indian Colonies, or of extending existing industries, 
it must be borne in mind that for many of the special products 
of the West Indies Miet is only a limited demand. There is, for 


example, a comparatively large market for coffee, but not for 
such products as stieg or nutmegs, and if they yeh dero 
sively grown in a number of the Islands they cease 


‘to command a remunerative price. This has Sechs. pappan 
in the case of arrowroot. 


EDUCATION :—ELEMENTARY, AGRICULTURAL, AND 
INDUSTRIAL. 


125. In the course of our stay in the West Indies our attention 
was frequently called to the question of the progress of general 
education, and we obtained a considerable amount of information 
on this subject. There me n a marked increase of expendi- 
ture on this account in nt years, and, no doubt, the efforts 
made for the wetenei di of alo nav been largely neran 
The total expenditure on education amounted to about 95,0007. 
1882, and to nearly 180,000/. in 1896, showing an increase of 
about 90 percent. It may be hoped that in Jamaica and Grenada, 
and probably in Trinidad also, it will not be found necessary, on 
financial grounds, to curtail this ex penditure, but if the sugar 
industry fails in British Guiana and in theislands not mentioned 
above, the revenue may be quite unequal to the maintenance of 
the whole of the existing schools 

26. At the present time a system of training in agricultural 
occupation is much needed. We think that some, at least, of the 
botanie stations should have agricultural schools attached to them, 


n m 
part of the course of education in the public schools generally, 
the Botanie Department would be in a position to render valuable 
assistance 

TE Agriculture, i in one form or another, must always be the 
chief and the only great industry in the West Indies, us a system 
of training in other industrial occupations, on a limited scale, is 
desirable, and would be beneficial to the pe Nee 


ESTABLISHMENT OF A TRADE IN FRUIT :—SHIPPING 
FACILITIES, 


128. There are good grounds for thinking that the West Indies 
might profitably grow fruit for export in larger quantities than at 
present. The fruit trade between Jamaica and New York has 
already attained important dimensions, and it seems possible 
that a similar trade might be established withisome of the other 
Islands. 

199. In time it might be found practicable to send fruit to the 
London market. If this could be eae the gain to the whole of 
the West Indies would be very great. We believe that the 
opportunity of selling their fruit cheaply in London would be of 


` 353 


the greatest value, and there would be no risk of the trade being 
interfered with by hostile ene If a number of steamers were 
regularly employed in such a trade they bias no doubt, carry 
British products to the West ieee on their return voyage, and 


by the diversion to the United States of West Indian sugar and 
of the Jamaica fruit exports. 

130. The difficulty of establishing such a trade is due to the 
fact that a considerable amount of capital would be required, and 
that there would be serious risk of mistakes and loss whilst the 
business was in the experimental sta age. At present there is only 
the small local demand for fruit in most of the Islands, and 
bun OUT fruit is neither grown in ee quantity nor of the 

est qua 

131. It cannot be expected ~~ — — of fruit should 
be grown until there was an urance that vessels would be 
forthcoming to convey it to market and good ground for believing 
that it could be sold at a pro 

132. On the other hand, it is oec that shipowners would 
provide vessels for conveying the fruit to market until they were 
satisfied that the fruit would be forthcoming and the fruit trade 
permanent. 

133. We think that the prospects of success are such that the 
experiment should be tried. The Botanic Department, which we 

ave recommended, should give instruction as to the be st means 
i: cultivating the fruits that are likely to find a profitable market, 


growth of such fruit. A subsidy might be bore for some years 
to secure = ot en er of regular steam communication from 
St. Vincent and Dominica to the Un ited States, with a view to 


view, however, of the large expenditure which such an attempt 
must involve, and of the cosines at present, of the result, we 
do not recommend that any experiment should be — in the 
first instance, beyond the limits we eem just indica 

134. Representations were made to us that the eet Mail Steam 
Packet Company, which receives a large annual subsidy for the 
carriage of mails, contributed joinüs by the Imperial and "Colonial 


he opinion is also prevalent that the voyage between England 
and Barbados is unnecessarily protracted. 

135. It lis questionable whether the Colonies in the present 
state of their public finances can justifiably afford the high 
subsidies they now pay for the sake of the present postal service 
only, more especially as it might not be impossible to make other 
more economical, if somewhat less efficient, arrangements. 

136. We do not desire to recommend that the West India 
mails should, after the expiration of the present contract, be sent 


354 


vid New York; but we think it well to point out that communi- 
cation by this route would offer greater commercial advantages to 
some of the Colonies than the present arrangements; and that 
the time occupied in the transit of mails need not, in all cases, 
be greater, and, in the case of Jamaica, would be less than now. 
137. It will be sufficient for us to suggest that endeavours should 


B 


ade to ascertain, at a sufficiently early period, before the 


service shall be conducted in a manner better adapted to the more 
pressing needs of the Colonies in their present condition. 


INTER-COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT 
COLONIES. 


138. It is of great importance that there should be cheap, regular 
and frequent means of communication between the different 
Islands. The want of such facilities was specially brought to our 
notice in many of the Colonies. 


importance at a time when many persons are likely to be thrown 
out of employment in some of the Islands. 

140. Various proposals have, we understand, been put forward, 
and some experiments tried, for establishing such means of com- 
munication, which have fallen through for lack of funds and from 
other causes. 

141. Without attempting to prescribe in detail the arrangements 
that should be made for establishing easy communication by 
steamers between the Colonies, we may indicate in general terms 
the facilities which we recommend should be provided. 

142. The Islands of Grenada and St. Vincent should be con- 
nected with Trinidad and Barbados by a steam service, affording 
facilities for the shipment of perishable produce and providing for 
the transit of passengers at low rates of payment. 


attended with some disadvantage, but the establishment of easy 
communication between Barbados and all the other Islands of the 
Windward group is of an importance which outweighs this 
consideration. 

44. Similar means of inter-communication are required in the 
Leeward Islands, and these might be provided by arranging that 


355 


the steamer running from Barbados to St. Lucia should proceed 
to Dominica, Montserrat, Antigua, Nevis, and St. Kitts, and return 
within the week, after completing the circuit. 

The maintenance of frequent communication between 
Tobago and Trinidad is also desirable, and the present service 
between these islands could be improved by arranging that the 

steamer connecting Barbados and the Windward linge ioe s 
Trinidad should call at Tobago, thus giving also direct means 
transit between Barbados and Tobago, an object which appeared 
desirable to some of the persons who gave evidence before us in 
the latter Island. 

6. The complete double service suggested could be carried 
out by two steamers of moderate size, each running from Trinidad 
to Antigua one week and from Antigua to Trinidad the next, so 
as to give through communication between all the Islands by 
à weekly service each way. 

147. The subsidy required need not be of very large amount. 


AGRICULTURAL BANKS AND STATE LOANS. 


148. During our stay in the West Indies, the want of what was 
called *cheap money" was frequently A dien brought to 
our notice, and it was urged that private persons engaged in 
agriculture should be enabled, by the eroe “of the State, to 

obtain loans of money at a low rate of interest. 

149. Owing to the small size and the isolation of many of the 
Colonies, banking facilities are no doubt limited, and there is a 
want of competition ; but the main cause of the inability of agri- 
culturists to obtain loans, as well as of the high rates of interest 
which are sometimes charged, appears to us to be the risk of loss 
which is inseparable from business of di "epus especially in the 
present distressed state of the sugar indust 

150. We do not doubt that in some e. and under very 
careful management, advances of money by the State, or on a State 
guarantee, would be beneficial to mW eee but any system 
of State loans, or a State guarantee, is so liable to be mismanaged, 
and so likely to end in the loss of the money car, that we 
hesitate to recommend = general Son 

91. The owner of sugar estate who found himself in 


them on very onerous an would no doubt be glad to obtain a 
loan from the State at a moderate rate of interest, but we think it 


would be unwise, in the present state of the sugar industry, to 
engage the public resources in what would be a very risky 
speculation. 


152. The class of small cultivators who would be likely to take 
advantage of such advances are, as the evidence given in Grenada 
and elsewhere indicates, both open- Jing d and improvident : 
they would readily take loans at a low rate of intact ; and they 
would doubtless repay € money when the time came if they 
were in a position to do but we greatly doubt whether they 
would, as a body, make iiy special provision beforehand to enable 


14687 B 


356 


them to repay it, or to guard against the ping nace 

that might interfere to prevent them from paying. 

perience of the different Colonies as regards the payment of dinh 

taxes, and the payment of instalments ‘of the purchase money of 
ro wn lands as they fall due, is not encouraging. 

153. At the same time we are not prepared to say that under 
special circumstances a Colony might not be justified in nre 
agriculturists to obtain small loans at a low rate of interest to 
assist them in improving their land, but we think it should 
be left to the Governme nts immediately concerned to move in the 
matter in the first instance, and that the risk of loss should be 
borne by Tiao resoure eS, and should not be thrown on the 
Imperial Excheque 


PART II. 


CONDITION AND PROSPECTS OF THE SEVERAL 
COLONIES 


173. We have dealt in Part I. of our Report thas the general 
condition 3 Your Majesty's West Indian B sis ons as a whole, 
the prospects of the sugar industry, the c sequences of a failure 
of that i ee and the measures to be Mdoptod in view of such 
failure 

174. In the present portion of the Report we propose to take 
up the case of each Co neds separately, to state briefly its economic 
condition and prospects, d the state of its finances ; to indicate 
any modifications whieh must be made in our general proposals 


nd Mis are of local rather than general applica 
he agricultural capabilities and wants of each Colony 
ise been dealt with by Dr. Morris in a series of separate reports 
on British Guiana and Your Majesty’s West Indian Islands, and it 
will not, therefore, be necessary for us to enter into the question 
of the resources of each possession as fully as would otherwise 
have been the case. 


ii—BRITISH GUIANA. 


176. ne ae a Georgetown, the capital of British oe 
on the the 27th of January 1897, and left aga 
on the pr Mean » the 6th of February. During five days ys of 


and in other ways endeavoured to obtain a knowledge of the 
condition of the Colony for the purposes of our Report. We 
visited and inspected two important sugar estates, d held 
conversations with many persons of much experience in the 
Colon 
177. British Guiana alone, of = egee sogar OE 
Colonies in the West Indies, is situa the and of 
America, and it is the most southerly of ^ those Gulcnieas Tt is 


357 


very much larger than all the eve West -e — = 
together, and the land occupied by cane cultivation is all on 
close to the coast, and lies so low that putris sea mp primes cal 
a system of steam umping must be maintained. The greater 
portion of the Colony, considerably more than 99 per cent., is 
uncultivated and unoccupied, being either covered with forest or 
consisting of grassy and swampy plains, known as savannahs. 

178. The total area is officially estimated at 65,836,000 acres, 
and the extent under sugar cane at 66, ur acres. The exports 
consist almost entirely of sugar and g In addition to the 
cane eultivation there is a considerable teeter of sok ee of 
food for local consumption, and some attempts are being made 
on a small scale to open up the Colony and to restore catdvélton 
which formerly existed in parts of the interior along the rivers, 
not far from the sea coast, but which has for many years been 
abandone 

179. The population at the time of the last Census in 1891 was 
278,328, and is, no doubt, increasing. Of the population in 1891, 
Europeans, other than Portu guese, were 4,588, Portuguese 12,166, 
Aborigines 17,463, Africans 3,433, Black and Coloured 141 531, 
and East Indians 105, 463. 

180. The leading features of the Colony and its general 
capabilities are fully described in the report of Dr. Morris. 
From that t report, and from the evidence received by the Com- 
mission, it is clear € lop Guiana is in the perilous position 
of being dependen ingle agricultural industry, the produc- 
tion of sugar, that pure being in a state of extreme depression 
and threatened with possible extinction, whilst it is difficult to 
see how it can revive or even be maintained under present 
conditions. 

181. The exports of sugar, molasses, and rum, which in the five 
years 1881 to 1885 were valued at 12,038,6997., fell to 9,305,880/. 
in the next five years, and in the five years 1891-92 t o 1895-96, 
to 8,276,916/., or an average of 1,655,383/. per annum. But i in the 
year of account, April 1895 to March 1896, the value of such 
exports was only 1,183,000/., and in the calendar year 1896, 


i ,000/., areis gold, was, in 1895-96, only 35,000/. The 
export of gold, however, had increased in value from 3,000/. in 
1882 to 450, 0007. in 1895-96. 

182. The quantities of ria Der in the three periods just 
referred to were, for 1881-85, 552,687 tons ; for 1886-91, 579,924 ; 
and for 1891-92 to 1895-96, 547, 282 showing that the gross output 
has been —Ü well maintained, notwithstanding the 
great fall in v 

183. The ficri which was ex 6007. in AN = to 602,7007. 
in 1893-94, and fell to 588,200/. in 1894—95, o 567,700. i in 
1895-96, and is understood to be still very doni falling off. 
The e expenditure, which was 429,000/. in 1882, was in 1895-96 


14687 B2 


596,500. The debt is now nearly one million sterling, and the 
charges for interest and sinking fund, which in 1882 were 14,271/., 
are now about 48,0007. a year. 

184. The financial position of the Colony is, therefore, not 
encouraging, and taxation under present circun istances can 
hardly be increased. The Colony is certainly not in a position to 
stand the strain of additional outlay, even for the relief of 
distress or the opening up of ier communication with the 
interior than now exists. 'lhe revenue depends chiefly on duties 
of customs and excise, and may be expected to diminish seriously 
as the purehasing power of the community falls off, owing to 
reduced wages and loss of employment arising. from contraction 
of the sugar cane cultivation. 

189. The report of Dr. Morris shows as TER S Guiana 
now depends on sugar products for nce of the 
Colony, it is certain that under the Bon Tevéurable circu maaan 
it must be a considerable number of years before other industries 
could be so far extended as to give isse ei picta to the number 


of people now employed on sugar estates or deriving their living 
from the sugar industry. Inde ed it is hardly possible that all the 
other industries in = Colony, apart € on he ch will be 
etie Spoken of, could for many yea co roduce a 
return i guy way Sal to that which M bed obi&ined from 
8 ru 
90. It w mum therefore, be most desirable in the ipse of 
ihe Colony to maintain the production of suga well as to 
encourage the cultivation of a products premieres by 
Dr. Morris, which have been neglected in t Foremost 


among these may be named rice, coffee, cocoa, fruits, and cocoa- 
nuts, whilst something may be expected from todo to the 
forests and from cattle raising. 

191. Rice to the value of 180,0007. was imported in 1895-96 for 
EE in Tg Colony. Rice of excellent quality is — 
gro Brit Guiana, and every effort should be made 

ation "odes all that is wanted of this article. Coffee ee 
cocoa to the value of 7,560/. were also imported, though there is 
no reason nnd the coffee and cocoa consumed should not also be 
produced ther 

192. The veld industry is deserving of special ean The 
value of the gold exported since the year 1890 has been close 
upon three mülóns "ee and although the piola is M 
es than in 1893-94, when it was of the Mee : 510, dre 

mounted in the course of the year chi e 0007 


avy cost p Which the "planters c could not meet, an nd 
local n a CE er 
to be carried on in any | way at all worthy of à oue nation. 


359 


197. The evidence shows that already there is much poverty in 
the Colony, especially in the Capital, among skilled artisans and 
mechanics as well as among persons above the pats ores "ok 
whom it ete probably be impossible to settle upon the 

198. In British Guiana, indeed, as in some of the jus put 
Indian Colonies, it is difficult to see how a crisis can be averted 
and heavy demands on the mother country avoided, unless some- 
thing can be done to save the sugar industry, or at all events to 
prevent any early or sudden collapse. The very difficult 
problem whether any general measures can be taken with the 

ject of saving the industry, either by effectual action for the 
abolition of the bounty system or by the imposition of counter- 
vailing duties has been dealt with in the first part of this Report. 
If any such measures are practicable they would need to be 
applied promptly ; but in any case we wish to emphasise our 
conviction that even if the sugar industry can be maintained it is 
essential that the Government of British Guiana should do all in 


settlers in agriculture, to employ scientific and experienced 
mineralogists to survey and report on the gold fields, to provide 
or the conservation and utilisation of the fo , and i e 


way to oS the development of the industries indicated by 
Dr. Morris. 

200. It is, indeed, most satisfactory to find that so competent 
judge as Dr. Morris —— that there is a possibility of British 
Guiana becoming in course of time a very productive as well as a 
very important dependency of the Empire, but no such result can 
be expected for many years 

201. To effect such dev élópiséht as seems possible in British 
Guiana will, moreover, be a work for which resources will not be 
readily forthcoming. New dadas X dg likely to succeed on 


202. There can, therefore, be no aeons of the vital importance 
to the Colony of ‘maintaining the sugar industry,. if possible, and 
of giving every encouragement to the planters in their efforts to 
do so. At the same time, if the sugar industry is maintained, the 
Government must be very careful not to allow its influence to 
retard the settlement and opening up of new lands, which have 
hitherto been left aiie and undeveloped, partly owing to 
the Pari of the Colony having hitherto been entirely concen- 
rate F 

203. E will he very difficult to provide funds for the necessities 
of administration if a collapse of the sugar industry takes place 
but considerable economies have been either carried out or 
decided upon. No doubt other reductions could be made under 
the pressure of circumstances, but these reductions would go 
only a small way towards meeting the shrinkage of income and 
the heavy additional charges which are inevitable if the sugar 
industry dies out, and it might probably prove impossible to meet 


360 


existing charges of an obligatory character, among which interest 
nsions, main niena ance ot the ) poor, and payment of 


205. It is only just, non concluding these observations, to 
say that the planters in Guiana have not been behindhand in 
efforts to improve the cultivation and the yia cx of sugar, 
and that their efforts have been attended with remarkable 
success. The amount of sugar and rum produced has been well 
maintained, and the cost of uet ore has been greatly reduced. 
If it had not been for these efforts, and for an expenditure on 
pred which during the last fifteen years has amounted to 

1,307,500/., the sugar p must have practically succumbed. 
The evidence given, the information obtained in various 
ways, make it clear that t though estates have struggled on, and a 
few have even made some slight profit, many of them cannot be 
carried on at present prices, while a material fall would compel 
the proprietors of most of them to cease cultivation 

206. If such a crisis sev arise, and it may come very soon, 
the Government could only be carried on even in the most 
economical manner by the aid of subventions from the Imperial 
Exchequer, and a very heavy charge would „Probably have to be 
met for the repatriation of Indian coolies. 


ii—BARBADOS. 


208. We landed at Bridgetown, Sango. in the course of our 
voyage to British Guiana, but did n n that occasion transact 
any formal business We returned ee tha island on the morning 
of the 16th of February, arriving from St. Vincent, and remained 
until the afternoon of the 24th of the month. We took evidence 
publicly for four days, hearing 39 witnesses, and also visited 
various parts of the island and inspected several sugar w 

2 e condition of Barbados is markedly different from that 
of any sees Colony in the West Indies. It is very thickly 
darem ated ; the area is 166 Biber OLE and the number. of 


which the island can even under favourable circumstances 
support. 

210. The climate is healthy ; there are many white families, 

umbering altogether some 20, 000 pow most of which have 
for generations looked upon n Barbados s their home; and t 
attachment of the inhabitants to the aaa and to the ‘traditions 
of the past is exceedingly strong. 

211. With so large a population the labour supply is abundant, 
and though wages have lately been reduced, there have not 
hitherto been any serious ipai difficulties. The island has been 
settled for so long and so many — have piece side by 
side, that a general understanding appears to have grown up of 
the respective habits and requirements of ‘lifferent classes. This 


361 
circumstance and the density of the —€— are no doubt the 
reasons why there are not in Barbados the complaints of the 
supply, or of the efficiency, p labour, which are so frequent 
elsewhere. 

212. In Barbados there is substantially but one industry, one 
product, and one export—that of sugar,—nor does the island appear 
to be suited for the growth of nage coffee, cocoa, or fruit, on a 
scale of any commercial (giock anc 

213. The value of the total ege orts of the — of the 
Colony in dut was 1001 0007, the value of sugar pesi, 
exported being 993,000/. ; that of the total exports in 1890 w 
1,041,000/., of Which sugar exports made up 1,032,000/. 

214. In 1896, when the value of the exports had fallen, the 
proportion contributed by the sugar industry remained about 
the same ; the figures were then 577,000/. for the total exports 

5 rts. 


215. The quantity of sugar exported in 1882 was 49,458 tons, 
in 1890, 76 ,/35 tons, pels the sateen amount recorded within this 
period, and i n 1896, 44,460 t The crop in 1895 was very 
seriously affected by drought pee disease, and in 1896 to some 
extent by the latter caus 

. There are no qus central sugar factories, the mills are 
small and many of them primitive, a large proportion of them 
e 


muscovado. But the industry has hitherto survived under these 
conditions, owing to the fact (1) that the manufacture of sugar 
by the old peers is thoroughly well understood and the culti- 
vation of the cane very carefully carried on ; (2) that there is an 
abundant pma supply; and (3) that the soil produces a cane 
containing juice of exceptional richness. 

217. The ave rage net cost of production was given to us 
as 8/. 12s. per ton, but, without going too closely into the accuracy 
of such figures, it is certain that at present prices, and under 
present conditions, the industry — hold its own, and a very 
serious reduction of it is immine 

It may be said, generally, that, whilst estates in favourable 
situations with favourable seasons may just make a profit, even at 
present prices, others are being worked ata loss. The estates in 
Barbados are, as a rule, very heavily mortgaged, and advances for 
carrying on cultivation are only to ad obtained Mae increasing 
difficulty. Such advances are becoming more necessary every 
year, as the working capital of the proprietors is ME Mori Any 
additional ey: such as a bad season or two, would cause 
eren disaster. 
Were estates are now being carried on under the 
Agricultural Aids Act, which makes money advanced for piden. 
an estate a first char rge on the growing crop. The 
Eg ias yearly in this way is increasing, and amounted to 100, "m 
in 


220. It must be borne in mind, when judging of the figures 
given for the working of estates in S res that there was a con- 
siderable rise in the price of sugar he early months of that 
year. 'lhis rise was generally Rim ted to speculation ns 
upon the great interference with production in Cuba. Whatever 


362 


its origin, itidid [^ last, but it did make the average price of sugar 
higher in 1896 than it is at present, and enabled some estates to 
show better eed for that year than they nd at existing 
prices. 

221. is usual in the West Indies, the public revenue is 
derived mainly from import duties and excise, and depends 
therefore = upon the welfare and the pu urchasing power of 
the wage-earning population. The reduction of wages has 
dseninished: thei ir purchasing power, : and the effect of this upon 
the revenue has been very marked. 

223. In 1895 and 1896 the rates "s taxation were largely 
increased, with the object of restoring the balance of the finances, 
and the revenue for 1896 rose accordingly, but there was neverthe- 


less a deficit of 6,988/. on the ee of that year, following 
one of 5,763/. in 1895. pus ount of the faut pate debt 
of the island is now w 405,1 pes the provision for interest and 


sinking funds in the eise itio for 1897 amounts to 19,125 

224. Our attention was directed both by the datorem. 
and the Colonial Secretary to the great excess in value of imports 
over exports. The figures for the last three years are as follows, 
including re-exports :— 


Year. Imports. Exports. 
£ & 
1894 1,279,334 984,511 
1895 956,921 587,298 
1896 1,048,886 158,227 


225. It was suggested to us that some of this excess is beiug 
paid for out of capital, and that the imports have been kept up by 


bu 
circumstances, such as publie expenditure in the island out of 
loans, military expenditure by the Imperial Government, remit- 
tances made by emigrants, and purchases made by crews or on 
behalf of shipping in the harbour. 

226. Unless some improvement in the sugar trade takes place, 
the revenue will continue to decrease, while a serious pero 
of the sugar industry, such as is probable, would ma it 
eid for the Government to pay for the siminmi of 
t ny. 

227. The state of things in Barbados and the outlook may be 
summed up by saying that there is but one industry upon which 
the population and the revenue are rect key agers that 
this industry is now without credit, and a considerable 
extent being carried on at a loss, while, for. ioni reasons, the 
distress caused | »y the failure of it will be exceptionally iden 
and there is practically no other industry E industries which ca 

be substituted for the production of su as to maintain tlie 
population and provide sufficient public aufert 


363 


228. A further circumstance which will to some extent affect 
the prosperity of Barbados is the intended transfer of the Imperial 
troops to St, Lucia. We were informed that the presence of the 
troops leads to a yearly ct eae aah in the Colony of about 50,000/. 
of Imperial money. This causes a de Ru for local products 
which will be lost when the SUD are removed. 
9. No time, eir iie must be lost Urpi deciding upon such 
measures as can be taken 


Settlement on Land. 


230. As sugar lands fall out of ME they can either be 
sold in small lots or leased at low rents mall cultivators. This 


might obtain the means to oc aoe themselves by growing ground 
provisions or other crops, which will contribute to the food supply 


In this matter the Court of Chancery must, of course, be guided 
by the interests of the persons whom it represents, but it may be 
possible for the Government to facilitate the breaking up of 
estates in this manner by purchasing and re-selling them in small 
lots. * 3 = oe me * 


Emigration. 

233. Emigration is a natural and, in view of complaints as to 
want of labour elsewhere, at first sight a promising suggestion. 
A considerable number of Barbadians do at present emigrate, 
permanently or temporarily, in search of subsistence, and many 
of them make excellent colonists in their new homes. But such 
experiments as have been made with the special object of 
supplying Barbadian labour to sugar planters in other colonies 
have not proved satisfactory. More than one reason was given 
for this, whith will be found in the evidence, but apart from this 
difficulty it is certain that if the sugar industry fails in Barbados, 
it will fail also in oe other Colonies, and there can be no demand 
in them for labourers on bores estates. In other words, the 
greater the pressure rot want which arises in Barbados, the less 
hien be the opportunity t finding employment for pirsa 
on sugar estates elsewhere, though, on the other hand, if the sugar 
industry fails the pressure of want will doubtless strengthen the 
desire to emi 

234. Strong objections were raised by witnesses to the form 
which emigration takes at present. It was urged that the hap- 


relations unprovided for at home, was not an advantage, but we 
do not see how such emigration can be interfered with even were 
it degienbie to do so 

235. It would seem that the only form in which assisted 
emigration may be at the same time possible, serene an 
successful, is that of removing whole families and placing them 
in settlements in less thickly populated countries. Sas, as in 
British Guiana, Trinidad, and Dominica, there are large tracts of 


364 


unoccupied land, it is possible that this may be done to advantage, 
and, if so, arrangeme1 nts with this object should certainly be either 
made or facilitated by the Governments concerned. But such 
action, though under any circums erem S desirable, can hardly 
be rapid or on a scale large enough to absorb more than a 
comparatively small number of thé surplus population of 
Barbados 

236. ie the event, therefore, of a failure of the sugar industry, 
emigration can, at best, prove but an exceedingly partial and 
eo remedy for the distress which will be produced. 

237. In Barbados, as in other islands, retrenchment in public 
expenditure is inevitable. The present cost of government and 
n 


natural, and we have no wish to say that in Barbados, at any 
peices it was ,Bot justifiable But the Colony cannot afford i 


at any rate in some portions = the a need be despaired of 
even in the present condition of market 

41. Attention has already been dew to the fact that large 
central factories do not exist in the island. In the present 
circumstances of the sugar trade there is no prospect that these 
will be established by private co iu The industry has no 
credit and capital is not forthcom 

242. Application has already bé made to the Government to 
e central factories to be started. An Act was passed in 1895 
o empower the Government to give This rec towards the 


reasons on e ould, under pedem vence dit be conclusive. 
But the HORAE are not ordinary, and if relief is to be given 
to the sugar industry at all it appears to us that the establishment 
of central factories is the best form for it to take. 

245. We, therefore, recommend that where owners of estates 
desire to combine, as it is stated they are stil ready io do, 
Government aid should be given for the establishment of central 
factories. 

246. It cannot be denied that in giving such aid either by loan 
or guarantee, the Government will run the risk of financial loss. 
On the other hand, if nothing is done to help the sugar industry, 
there is the certainty of great distress, of considerable expenditure 
to relieve it, and the probability of pro longed difficulty in finding 
employmen nt anywhere for the popu 

247. After taking these irae titer ti ‘into account we are of 
opinion that aid to maintain the sugar industry in Barbados may 
well be the ee costly method in which the obligations of 
Government can be discharged. From the point of view of the 
welfare of the inhabitants it would certainly be the most 
satisfactory. 


365 


248. There are also special circumstances in the case of 
Barbados, which will tend to promote the success of the measures 
which we recommend. The labour supply is more abundant and 
effective than in any of the other EE A and the soil of Barbados 
is especially well suited for growing sugar-canes with exceptionally 
rich juice. These two causes should enable central factories in 
Barbados to turn out sugar at an unusually low cost of production 
T with that which is the average H eins 

249. the evidence given by the planters, figures are brought 
forward “Which, taking into account both the increased quantity 
and quality of the yield from a central factory, show a poe of 
a gain of 40 per cent. over the old muscovado process. And even 
if these figures be eae as too sanguine, it seems to us certain 
that the gain would be very considerable and that it would be 
possible for central takin to be worked at a profit even when 
the price ae Veg was too low to enable the present musco- 
vado works to be remunerative. 

259. It is pd under the circumstances that the capital 
required to set up central factories should be obtained on the 
che eut possible epus and we think the Imperial Wide cocus 
should find the money and lend it to the Colony at the same rate 
of interest at Which it is borrowed. If the Govamment of 
Barbados is required to borrow the money on its own credit, the 
cost will be greater, and the liability of the Imperial Governians 
will not be appreciably reduced ; if general distress arises, whic 
the Colony is unable to relieve, it will be impossible for the Home 
Government to avoid giving assistance. The Colonial Govern- 
ment should, of course, be held ume to the Imperial 
Government for both principal and inte 

254 do not propose to attempt to soille all the details of the 

system under which the central factories — be worked, anc 
will content —* with offering a few De ons. 

255 not appear necessary that t mesma N should 
insist, as a sin qud non, on the estates cape mortgaged for the 
repayment of the loan. To do so would raise D Mao in 


connexion with the existing mortgages, and e centra 
factories prove unsuccessful the —— iudi be ed valueless, 
and the mortgages to Government on them worthless. It would 


be sufficient if the representatives of the seis were to under- 

r of years to send the canes grown by them to 
the central oe They might be paid a low price per ton for 
he canes ae Ese icd idee in such à manner " to barely 
cover the cost of pr roduc ction, or nearly so. The next charge on 
the pales yg aM be the interest a a sinking kad of one per 


per annum. 
divided between the owners of the estates in proportion to the 
i 


of the profits in excess of a certain amount one half should go to 
the owners of the estates and one half be added to the sinking 
fund. When the loan has been repaid with interest the central 
factories should become the property of the owners of ine estates, 

256. The United States market is of especial importance to the 
trade of Barbados. It is from this market that the oer chiefly 
gets its food supply; it is to this market „that practically the 
whole of its sugar is sent. * * * 


366 


iii.—T RINIDAD. 


259. We proceeded direct from Barbados to "Trinidad, and 
lan iod at Port of Spain, the chief town of the Colony, on 
Wednesday, the 25th of February 1897. We held four public 
sittings in which we took the verbal evidence of 34 witnesses. In 
addition to other opportunities of which we severally took 
advantage to acquaint ourselves with the characteristics and con 
dition of the island, we were enabled to inspect the couar 
med the line of the Government Railway, and the extension 
w being constructed towards the Sangre Grande, and to visit a 
inde estate. We also visited Princo the Naparima district, 
d San Fernando, in the south of the island, drove through the 
piapa cane- -farming and sugar-producing district of the Colony, 
. and inspected the Usine Sainte Madeleine, the largest sugar 
factory in the British West Indies, and the estates connected with 
it. We left Port of Spain on the 5th of March, and passed round 
the southern was deese shores of the island in the Talbot on our 
passage to Toba 
260. The island. of Trinidad is oe close to the Venezuelan 


ae of South America. It has an area of about 1,120,000 acres, 
of which 800,000 acres are held to he cultivable. Of ‘the cultivable 
land 434, 000 acres are in the hands of private owners, an 


366,000 acres are Crown lands. It is Foie. to state the precise 
extent of land that is ed eultivation at the present time, but 
there is still a large extent of cultivable land in the island 
unoccupied and tita ltivated, and much of it is virgin soil. 

261. The total population may be taken at 245,000, of whom 
fully two-fifths are immigrants from the East Indies or their 
descendants. 

ig The soit is remarkably fertile, and varies in its character ; 

me portions of the island are well suited for the production of 
E ARE for cocoa, and on certain tracts near the sea cocoa-nut 
irees grow freely. 

263. Trinidad exports about 50,000 tons of sugar yearly, and 
the exports of molasses and Angostura bitters, of which rum is 
the basis, are also of some importance 

264. The cocoa produced in ihe island bears a high raptor 
in or cie and its production has largely increased in rec 

is wo a considerable export of cocoa-nuts, and ni 
deme iba to be well suited for the production of coffee and 
am the latter industries are of little importance at the present 


return to their homes after atime. There is also a considerable 
immigration of coolies from the East audies , who are under 
indentures to serve for five years, and who stint a total réside 
of 10 years become entitled to return passages 

266. At the period of our sie to Trinidad ‘hie was a certain 
amount of depression, due the lower prices for cocoa eu 
cocoanuts, as beg as to the ital fall in the price of sugar à 


367 


molasses ; but the only apparent danger of a serious nature to the 
future prosperity of the island lies in the possible collapse of the 
sugar-cane cultivation 

267. The importance of this industry to the Colony is best 
shown by a consideration of the proportion which the value of 
the exports of sugar, rum, and molasses bears to the value of the 
total exports. 

268. The average yearly value of the total exports of native 
products and manufacture is stated ai 1,335,000/. during the 

period from 1881 to 1885, at 1,437,000/. during the period from 
1886 to 1890, and at 1,447,000/. during the period from 1891 to 
1895 ; in the year 1836 the value was 1 363,3497. 

269. The corresponding figures for ‘the ‘exports of sugar, rum, 

and molasses during the same periods were : 


Year, Sugar. Rum. Molasses. Total, 
£ £ £ £ 
1881-85  ... Dn vs 755,000 2,000 59,000 816,000 
3886:90 re ee |; TIS000 3,000 51,000 769,000 
1891-95 . ... se eee 658,000 4,000 46,000 708,000 
1896 uc c dn Dar TUN 6,000 36,000 742,000 


The bitters exported in 1896 were valued at 34,0007, but this 
export would probably not be affected zs any reduction in the 
area under sugar cane that is likely to occ 
210. It will be seen that, even at venir] prices, the sugar-cane 

industry furnishes quite one-half of the total exports of the Island 
of Trinidad. 

'The exports of; cocoa have varied from a yearly average of 
12 ,000, 000 Ibs., valued at 344,000/., in the period from 1881 to 1885 
toa yearly average of 22, 000,000 Tbs. dien at 550,000/., in the 
period from 1891 to 1895. In 1 1896 the exports of cocoa came to 
23,481,000 lbs., valued at 452,141. Thee was a short crop of 
Dos in 1896, and, owing to low prices, a portion of it was held 


20. ve e the well-known Pitch Lake of Trinidad is 
an important item in the total export t trade. The average 
yearly value of rt exports of asphalt in the period 1891 to 1895 
,000/7., s be Colony derives a revenue from this source 

of due 30, 0007. arly. 

213. The sA re of the sugar estates in the island are provided 
with modern cep E and may be said to be fairly equipped 
for producing pe by the most approved processes. Out o 
total export of 53,822 tons of sugar only 3,850 tons were 
muscovado sugar. The evidence laid before us was, however, to 
the effect that, owing to the low price of sugar, the industry was 
in danger of very great reduction, the Joint Committee of the 
Agricultural Society and the Chamber of Commerce expres sing 
the opinion that the sugar industry was “ undoubtedly in danger 
of extinction.” 

74. We specially requested the Acting Governor of Trinidad 
to favour us with his opinion on this question, and in his letter 


368 


of 31st March 1897 he stated that if the condition of the sugar 

industry as to prices and prosperity remained unchanged, there 

was a Ange. nty of Marone reduction, if not of extinction, of that 

industry. He estimated that, under present conditions, the 

eem would be reduced by one- half in three years. The 
d iu 


definite period must, from the nature of the case, be a matter of 
doubt, but we see no reason for dissenting AS the opinion which 
Sir Courtenay Knollys has expressed on this 

278. Apart from ihe recommendations hie we have E. in 
Part I. of our Report, in connexion with the subject of experi- 
mental cane priate Fey and the work of the Botanic Department, 
we are unable to offer any packer suggestion for the adoption of 

taken 


measures that could be n the Colony for improving the 
condition of the sugar Ses The mitts burdens on the 
industry are not heavy, and it is to some extent assisted at 


the expense of the general revenues, Wed bear a portio on of 
abe cost of introducing Kast Indian immi 
280. It is recognised in the present day "that the business E 
anufact cturing sugar may "often with advantage be separated from 
the actual cultivation of the canes. It is found convenient in 
oo places that farmers should engage in the business of 
ing canes, and io sell the ripe cane to a central factory. 
This system is being tried, and with some success, in Trinidad, 
enone) a pe and App entis well-founded, opinion has been 
expressed to the effect that, so far as can now be seen, “this central 
factories in Trinidad can never depend entirely on canes so grown, 

t must, in order to ensure a continuous supply of canes for 
manufacture, possess a considerable amount of cultivation of their 
own was alleged that the presence of indentured coolies is 
essential to the maintenance of the industry, as only in this way 
could a reliable supply of labour bo. secured at all times. 

8l. wners of sugar estates in Trinidad appear to be fully 
alive to the advantages of the cane- -farming system, and anxious 
to introduce it as far as practicable. The general adoption of the 
system would be attended with many advantages, and we are of 
opinion that it is one which the Govern e might legitimately 
assist, where practicable, by providing means of communication 
to facilitate cane-farming in suitable localities. Both the Creoles 

and the East India immigrants prefer growing canes on their own 
plots to inerte d s labourers on the estates, and they are willing 
to sell their canes at a price which is below the cost at which the 
estates can produce t them 

282. In. view of the "probable reduction, in the immediate 
future, of the area of sugar-cane cultivation, and the serious 
effect which such drei i and the = ral depression E the 

ave on 


tion of other agricultural industries for the cane cultivation ; 
(2) the -a of the surplus population on the land as pees 
proprietors ; and (3) the facilitating of access to foreign markets. 

283. The praetical work of nicer on — Here must be 
left in the hands of private persons, but, we have already 
indicated in Part I., ors are certain dire de in which the 
Government can assi ist. 


369 


284. The Botanical V'aparimonks in Trinidad should be entirely 
asteved of the in oes of ornamental gardening and the supply 


"E SkresinepteL eultivation of economic plants, and to attempts 
to secure improved varieties of such plants, and especially of sugar 
cane. It should comprise a branch for the teaching of tropical 
agriculture, and should form a centre from which teachers would 
be sent to give practical lessons in the nig Aces of tropical plants 
and the selection of suitable localities ipd growing them 

5. Special and well-considered arr deme should be made 
for facilitating the settlement of the Creole and East Indian popu- 
lation as peasant PUE OE on the Crown lands, and on any other 
suitable lands that may be, or may become, available 

288. We are, however, of eroe that special arrangements for 

the opening out of the Crown lands in small lots will not as a 
rule be popular with the persons who are interested in pos 
estates in Trinidad. In such a Colony, with a sparse population 
and virgin soil waiting to be opened up, the pecie planters vin 
experienced difficulties in getting at all times as much labou 
they required at the prices which they were abet or tad 
perhaps afford, to pay, and they have not looked with favour on 
any policy having for its eine ex the opening out of the Crown 
lands to the labouring populat 

9. We regret thatany ican tin We tion of ours should aggravate, 
or have the appearance of aggravating, even temporarily, the diffi- 
culties under which they at present labour, and which, for the 


that we have no choice in the matter. Whatever the con- 
Sequences to individuals may be, the position of your Majesty’s 
possessions in the West Indies at the present time is sucb that 
every possible een should be given to the native eae 
of earning their livelihood otherwise than on a sugar estate, and 
that they should not be forced to depend longer than be helped 
on the maintenance of a single and precarious industry. 

290. Trinidad would share in the advantages of o subsidised 
steamer service which we have recommended to facilitate access 
to other markets and abng means for the migration of labourers 
between the islands. 

291. It would also appear to be possible to R a trade of 
some importance between Trinidad and Venezuela. At present 
there is a special differential duty of 30 per cent. valorem 
against goods imported into Venezuela from Trinidad. We Ata 

l 


your Majesty’s Government will be able to se the 
ment of this differential duty- It would dio. te desirable that 
arrangements should be made to store foreign goods in bond in 


Trinidad, which might T be exported t i Ya enezuela. 
present goods which are subject to ad valorem daty pay a duty of 
5 per cent. if landed at Port of Spain, and this duty is not refunded 
on export, and the goods are also subject to the special differential 
duty of 30 per cent. when landed in Venezuela on the ground that 
they are imported from Trinid 

295. In the meantime the Botanic al E in Trinidad 

should encourage the introduction and growth of the better 
descr of fruit, and give instructions as to the best means 


370 


of cultivation and of packing fruit for export. We are not with- 
out hope that in time it may be found possible to establish a large 
and amabi industry in fruit, to be sent from the West ms 
generally to the New York and. London markets. 
296. The question of the probable financial position of the 
Government of the Colony in the immediate future is one of some 
importance. 'The taxation of Trinidad is not light; the pon 
E revenue in 1882 was 396,2827., of which about 297, 7007. wa. 
. from taxation. In 1896 the total was 577,140/., of which about 
438, 0000. w was from taxes, including 22,7001. from export duties and 
royalties on asphalt. Additional echt could be imposed, and 
would bring in some revenue, but it is not desirable to impose 
additional burdens on the Colony unless in case of necessity. 


5 
have justified such expenditure, greater economy will be necessary. 
* ae d » a 5 
301. If there is a bas and sudden reduction in the sugar 
industry, there might be a considerable temporary expenditure in 
providing for labourers, a especially for East Indian immigrants. 
The expenditure would be very heavy if any large number of 


of the Indian coolies to return. It any case it will be more easy to 
provide at short notice for the settlement of coolies on Crown and 
other lands in Trinidad than it would be in British Guiana. 
There is, ne less probability of a sudden and iinan 


demand being made on public funds for return passages 

302. The question of the assi "eim ion to immigration at the 
expense of the publie revenue is one that requires curefil con- 
sideration. We are of opinion that if any industry requires 


immigrants it should pay the whole cost connected with their 
introduction. It is argued that the introduction of immigrants is 
a benefit e the whole Colony, and that the whole Colony should 
pay a portion of the cost of Arte dme them. "This view as to 
the i Broan of immigrants being a benefit to the whole 
Colony 1 is not held by those persons with whom the immigrants 
compete in the labour market, and if the argument were pushed 
to its logical conclusion it would follow that every industry 
should get a bonus from the State, as every industry is a gain to 
e whole comm i vs has, however, ues pressed upon us 
Wr. evidence which we cannot dis regard, that at the present time, 
and under present sono: snae ed dern are absolutely 
necessary to the carrying on of the sugar estates. It would be a 
calamity, not eed to the owner of the estates, but to the general 
community, to take any steps that must have the effect of 
intensifying the existing depression, and, whatever our recom- 
e might have been if the question of State prit: to 
tion were Yee raised for the first time, we are not 
rd to say that such assistance should now be witha: 
We are, however, of opinion that the number of immigrants to be 


^ 


371 


introduced every year should be reduced to the minimum that 
will suffice for the working of the existing estates, and that State 
assistance in aid of immigration should ultimately cease. 

303. The system under which a large number of immigrants 
are allowed to settle in the West Indies retaining a claim to a 
return passage, and without i provision being made before- 

^w ques : 


hand to meet the burden, if i uld arise, 8 0 
If the sugar cultivation ceases it will be impossible to levy the 
cost from the estates, and S , wher migration has 


now ceased, the planters complain that they, in their present 
distressed condition, are paying for benefits which were received 
by a former gener ration. 

304. On the whole, we are of opinion that, notwithstanding 
the critical state of the sugar indusiry, the resources of Trinidad 
will probably suffice to meet the claims against her if they are 
carefully husbanded, and if no delay takes place in the adoption 
of measures for enforcing greater economy in public expenditure. 


iv.—TOBAGO. 

305. We received in Trinidad verbal evidence as to the 
condition of Tobago (which is under the same Government) from 
poh witnesses specially qualified to speak on the subject. We 

ached Scarborough, the chief town of the island, on the after- 
is on of Friday the 5th of March, and during the next morning 
we took evidence from 13 local witnesses at the Court House, 
whilst Dr. Morris inspected as much of the island as could be 
visited in the day. One of Ue Commissioners devoted part of 
the day to the same object. 

308. The chief industry was ihe potaa of sugar, but it has 
been a decaying rem for many years, and at the present time 
it appears to be on the verge of extinction. The only cane now 
grown on the island is ilt vated by small farmers on the metayer 
system, and the cane is ground at some of the old, and old- 
fashioned, mills which still exist. The farmers who grow the 


ing by i 
9. When the general depression of the sugar industry took 
effect in 1885 there was a collapse of that industry in Tobago, the 


and they now export cocoa, cocoanuts, peas, co , potatoes, 

plantains, poultry, eggs, cocoa-nut oil, cattle, goats, horses, pige, 

and sheep. Their proximity to Trinidad enables them 

market for many of the — which we have just Anaea rae 
310. These articles, however, by no means compensate for the 


E ER migrate permanently, or temporarily, to Trinidad in 
search of work. The rates of w wages are not so low as in such 
an island às ‘St. Vincent, m there is very little employment to be 

ages appears to be maintained owing 
x the island lying nye r3 Trinidad is there is a demand for 


31]. - Complaints are made that even when work is obtained 
Wages are not regularly paid, and that the ubdüntes often have to 
accept payments in goods and do not receive cas 

14687 C 


372 


. The revenue of the island was 14,0037. in 1880, 14,1757. in 

1882, and I 8261. in 1885. After 1885 there was a great fall 
The revenue ‘of 1886 was —_— 8,5147.. and i notwithstanding strict 
economy d sever trenchment suecessive deficits were 
incurred, necessitating a des of 5,000/. from ines funds, and 
other temporary E Fart of this deficit has been cleared 
off by careful administration the revenue had risen in 1896 
to 9,3217., the aoda re ae 9,2697, but the net deficit on 
— Reven nue Account at the close of the year was still 

* 

315. The value u Ba total exports was 48,245/. in 1882, 
38, 4371. in 1885, only 18,8927. in 1886, and 39,5267. in 1889, which, 


After 1889 the exports again fell, but their actual amount cannot 
be given with comple ete accuracy, owing to the union with 
Trinidad. It appears, however, that in 1896 the exports to foreign 
countries were of the value of 9,336/., whilst articles of the d 
of 10,5607. are stated by the Commissioner to have been sent t 
Trinidad. From these figures it might be inferred that the total 
exports from the island are now worth about 20,0007. a year. 

316. The record of Tobago for the past 20 years is a gloomy 
one, but happiness is not synonymous with wealth, and the 
condition of the people A Mes er] better $k the figures we 
have given would appear to indicate. This result appears to be 
mainly due to the Bekk tm die of the climate, and the fact that 
Trinidad provides a market close at hand for both produce and 
labour. Any severe and prolonged depression in Trinidad would, 

no doubt, re-act on Tobago. 

317. As a remedy for the present state of things it was urged 
that one or two central factories should be erected. e cannot 
recommend this course. If large sugar factories cannot be worked 

are lik 


the adoption of a remedy so expensive, and so unlikely to be à 
permanent success. 
318. The island was ited politically with Trinidad in 1889, 
but a separate account of revenue and expenditure is maintained, 
and an adjustme ub on AERE, of import duties made. It is 
alleged that Tobago loses by the adjustment. 

We recommend the complete amalgamation of Tobago and 
Trinidad, and the abolition of the separate account of revenue and 
expenditure. "Tobago would then become a ward, or district, of 
Trinidad, and the two islands would have a common exchequer. 

o this measure objections bier no doubt, be raised locally, 
though we believe the majority of the inhabitants of Tobago are 
in favour of it. The owners d large tracts of land are afr aid that 
financial amalgamation with "Trinidad sah lead to the tax on 
land being raised to the level of that prevailing in the latter 
island. We are unable to see why this result should necessarily 
follow, as Tobago, in its present condition, has a good claim for 
separate treatment in this matter. The traders seem = fear that 
amalgamation with Trinidad would reduce their business in con- 
nexion wich the import trade, and possibly with the cnn trade. 


373 


This result might follow, but from the point of view of the 
general oeat no sound argument against the amalgamation can 
be based upon 

320. Coins untontion between the two islands should, as far as 
possible, be facilitated. If, as we have recommended a a cheap, and 
regular service of steamers : E ae, between Barbados and 
the southern islands, 5 y be arranged that Tobago shall 
participate in that bene 

321. It also appears dubie that a Botanie Station should be 
established at Tobago, subordinate to the Botanic Department at 
Trinidad, and having for its object the attainment of the same 
ends. 


v.—GRENADA. 


325. Grenada is the headquarters of the Government of the 
Wind ward group of Islands, which comprises also St. Lucia and 
St. Vincent. We arrived there from British Guiana on the evening 
of Sender the 7th of Fe mes! Ul nd held two sittings, during 
which we examined 20 witnesses, on the 9d and h of the 
month. We visited several estates of atypical character and left 
the island early on the morning of the 11th of February, during 
which day we visited Carriacou, which is one of the small islands 
called the Grenadines, lying between Grenada and St. Vincent. 

* x% * * * * 

327. The production of sugar for export pae srana ceased. 
So far back as the year 1882 the value of the sugar exported was 
only 20,0007. At the present time the sugar cane is E to a 


place of sugar has been taken by cocoa, the value of the exports 
of which in 1893 amounted to 281,0047. For a Miner of years 
the island was decidedly prosperous, owing to the high price of 
cocoa. But the price of cocoa fell in 1895 and 1896, and at the 
time of our visit to the island there was a considerable amount of 
depression. 'The value of the exports of cocoa in 1894 was 
168,0007., and in 1895, 138,0007. Besides cocoa the ied exports 
nutmegs, cotton, and other products of minor importanc 

333. Our attention ie called to the rate of growth of the publie 
expenditure, which was said to be excessive. "The rate of growth 
has certainly been ra id, the total expenditure having risen from 
42,8951. in 1882 to 60, 3891. in 1896. Of the increase 5,1887. is due 


3851. 
account of the publie debt, which now amounts to 101,123/., 
having been incurred mainly for the construction of roads, bridges, 
and waterworks. 
24. There was a deficit on general revenue account of 1,1837. 
at the close of 1896, whilst among the assets of the Colonial 
Government there were included arrears of contributions due 


the other West India islands, are dni ch and at a period of 
i eec such as that through which the Colony is now dis 
14687 


374 


a demand for the immediate payment of 6s. in cash falls heavily on 
that portion of the population which ; possess little in the way of 
property, and is not in the habit of making pr ovision for the Mini 
336. From Mr. Leslie Probyn's unie of 2Tt pril it 
xu be seen that in is present year the tax of 6s. was payable 
263 houses, which were, it is said, of such small value that the 


abandonment of their planes of abode must have involved some 
zs dship. We recommend that the quinis government be instructed 

o take into consideration the question of reducing, or repealing, 
this tax on the poorer classes of houses, though we are no 
prepared to recommend in the present circumstances of the West 
Indies that no direct taxation on houses should be levied. 

337. The other recommendations which we desire to make in 
pedi case As Pope. are, to a great extent, the same as those 


e work of the Botanic Station ep: ie extended, and 
it should be held sito ilo for agricultural instruction, 
for the M and experimental cultivation of 
tropical plants of economic importance, and for the 

[o 


extent, and are situated in the highest — of the 
island. They are covered with forest, which it is of the 
utmost importance to preserve, and they are, aer en 
not available for settlement. The question whether the 
Government should not purchase estates with the view 
of re-selling them in small lots may fairly be raised in 
connexion with Carriacou, where it is of special urgency, 
as that island is in a very depressed condition, whilst the 
me ical officer states that * most of the estates here are 
* owned by abs entee proprietors, who demand rents 
‘ that are much too high under existing E e E 
(3.) i usa will participate in the arrangements which we 
have proposed in Part I. for securing cheap and regular 
mmunication between the islands by means of small 
subsidised steamers. 
(4.) The presence of fruit in Grenada should be encouraged, 
e best kinds should be supplied from the Botanic 
saison, We do not recommend that any special 
attempt should be made at the present time to start a 
else trade between passed and New York, but we have 
nade a recommendation of this nature in the case of 
St. Vincent an ominiea, and if the experiment should 
prove successful there is no reason why it should not in 
time be extended to Grenada. It would greatly facilitate 
such extension if in the meantime Grenada were place 
in a position to grow suitable kinds of fruit in sufficient 
quantities. To 7". t T DÀ 


375 


340. In erri n in St. Vincent, we do not hesitate to 
recommend expropriation by process of i after payment of 
reasonable eoi kpe on, in the case of the ner of any estate 

which has practically ceased to be cultivated, if ‘stick estate should 
a visiade settlement in small lots, and should be wanted for 

t purpose, and if terms for aita; sale to Government could not 
rone dni be arranged. 


vi.—ST. LUCIA. 


245. St. Lucia has an area of 152,000 acres, of which about 
114,000 acres are cultivable. Of the cultivable land about one- 
half belongs to private persons, the other half being Crown lands. 
The island contains many lofty ridges and peaks, separated by 
deep valleys. The valleys are fertile, vA us so pn xj as the 
uplands. "The rainfall is ample. Only mall d po ms 


of the island is Covered with orest. There i t oatitia of 
about 46,000; the people speak a French patsii ‘aiid the pied 
tional system is very disfeotive: With the exception of the sugar- 
cane cultivation, eas is backward. There are about 2,500 
East Indians in the is 


344. For the dne Miete m 1883, and 1884, the average 
yearly value of the total exports was 194,000/., and of the 
imports 150,0007. For die period from 1894 to 1896 the corre- 
sponding figures were 113,0007. and 151,0007. The value of The 
imports and exports of coal are not included in these fi as 
a coaling station has been established in St. Lucia, their indiudión 
would render the figures less Ue as an de d 
"progress of the Colony. The value of the 
pho ed exported in 1882 was 207, (0 007. and in 1883 was ; 190, 360! 
t that time almost the whole of the exports consisted of the 
products of the sugar-cane. After 1883 there was a rapid fall, 
and in 1886 the value of the quantities of these articles exported 
was only 64,000/. eer Page f to that year there was some 
increase up to 1892, in which year the value was 95,0007. After 
1893 there wasa further fall, heri the value for 1896 was only 
62,0007. "The only article of export es per vim ioter 
largely increased in qu antity, is coe Of this commodity 
302,000 Ibs. were exported in 1882 and 1. ,136,543 Ibs. in n 1896, but 
the Bir of cocoa ved low in 1895 and 1896, and though the 
va export 1882 was 10,1047, in 1896 it was 
daly: 15,403/., “notwithstanding a more than threefold increase in 
quantity. Wood is also exported for fuel, and there isa small 
export of fruit. In recent years the exports of logwood have 
on considerable, and in some years very large. In 1892and 1894 
exports were large, being valued at 37,7527. aud 37,3592. 
seupactyols: 
345. The trade in logwood is, Dowd ets subject to great fluctua- 
bue and aa e has been a fall i D ice. In 1896 the quantity 
exported w 1,904 tons, valued at 4,284/. In 1893 the logwood 
exported ah valued at 61. per Me. | 


376 


346. The quantity of Sugar exported in the present day is less 
than half what it was in 1882. The exports of rum are not of 
importance, and the exports of molasses have fallen off largely in 
quantity, and still more in total value. 

347. When the sugar industry began to go down in 1884, t 
people turned, to some sede to the cultivation of small plots a 
land on their own acco There is now a large number of 
persons employed in this w way ; some on. plots which they have 
purchased from private owners, some on Crown land plots, some 
on land for IO they pay rent or which they cultivate on the 
metayer syst A good many are believed to be s squatters on 
Crown or a land, to which they have no title. * ” 

349. The production of muscovado sugar for eie has almost 
ceased. Only 494 tons of muscovado were exported in 1896, as 
against 3,055 1 tons of sugar made at central factories. About : 30 


e 
Sac Factory Piha assisted by the Government, which borrowed 
40,000/. for the purpose. Of this sum, 30,0007. was borrowed in 


but ta starvation is not to be fand: ai food sufficient to 
support existence is easily raised and la nd is obtaaties The 
island suffered greatly from a storm in 1894, and wages A 
reduced from 30 to 40 per cent. about two or three 

There are still a fw indentured immigrants, the last batch of 155 
having been brought to the Colony in 1893. The rates of wages 
now paid to the immigrants are not as high as those to which they 


are en ntitled by their agreements, It is not likely that more 
ensi will be applied for, and if applied Tio they should not be 
ned. 


san 
35 i e revenue of the Colony is hardly adequate to meet its 

a ae although some taxes are in force which are open to 

bi L L 


the gua and maintenance of roads as well as for other purposes. 
The general revenue rose from 38 ,993/. in 1882 to "56, 5907. in 1894. 


1 

of taxation and owing to pr receipts not of the nature of 
ordinary revenue, and not to be looked for in other years, 
amounting to 5,3107, the receipts were raised to 55,331. e 
expenditure in these three years was 54,4007., 57, 181, and 56 ,0607., 
and the deficit on General Revenue Account at the close of 1896 
was 50,088/. The Public Debt of the Island is 179,441/., of which 
95,8817. is due to expenditure on Castries Harbour, to enable it to 
be used as a coaling station. 


377 


as Notwithstanding = gloomy picture which we have had to 
draw of the condition of St. Lucia, the island possesses certain 
ravage mo eet if judiciously developed, may in time restore it 
to ast, a moderate degree of prosperity, but the Colony 
ite, in a very special Meet careful and prudent as well as 
strong and resolute eemper during the coming years. The 
miae k of a coaling station at Castries is a point in its 
favou The number of vessels calling at the port has risen 
fear 233 in 1887 to 435 in 1896. The quantity of iae Aie 
has risen in the same time from 17 ,(98 tons to 44,816 to 

361. The most important measure to be taken for the vlt of 
St. Lucia is the settlement e the people on the land. "There is 
already a large number of persons who cultivate small plots, but 


increase 
should be provided for the benefit of the small settlers, and 
arrangements made for giving them instruction in agriculture. 
This instruction can best be given in connexion with the Botanic 
Station, the operations s of which should be extended in the way 
we have indicated in the case of the other islands. More suitable 
land for the purpose of experimental cultivation in Tuc 
with the Botanic Station is very much required. St. Lucia will, 
of course, share in the benefits of the scheme for facilitating 
communication between the different islands which we have 
recommended, if that scheme should be approved. 

362. There is a law which provides for compulsory MU us 
but the law is a dead letter, and could not be enfor The 
general system of education for the children pan to be 
defective, the defects being, no doubt, largely due to want o 
money,and to the fact that the great mass of the population Por 
ong a Ermo apane whilst the teaching is given in English. 

only r mend that npn attention should be given i» 
the diatona | vitem of the Colony, and reforms introduced as 
money can be made available. It would bea great gain to the 
people if they could be taught to speak English, and gradually 
weaned from the use of the present patois. It must take a very 
long time to carry any such reform into complete effect, but the 
matter should be ste adily borne in mind, and the educational 
system so devised as to facilitate the change. 


vii.—ST. VINCENT. 


363. We reached St. Vincent on the evening of EN e 
llth of February, and took evidence publicly there on the 
13th, and 15th. We examined 33 Topea out of a large aio: 
that ‘offered themselves, and we received in this island an unusual 
number of letters and petitions, alleging distress amongst 
labouring class, with a eee proportion of direct requests 
for pecuniary assistanc 
. The area of St. vise is 83,115 acres, and of the small 
islands tite. with it 10,872 acres. The total area of the Colony 
is, therefore, 93,987 acres, of which one-third is worthless. There 


378 


is a central range of mountains running north and south, with 
spurs extending on both sides to the sea. The soil is tertile, the 
climate healthy, and the rainfall heav vy. 

365. The sugar industry has been in a posse condition for 
years, and is now on the verge of extinction. No improvements 
have B5 introduced in the manufacture of sugar, m the sugar 
canes have in recent years suffered very severely from disease, 
this disease being in all probability due, to some extent, to want 
o effective cultivation. 

366. No industry can be said to have taken the place of the 
sugar ‘cane as the cultivation of the latter fell off. The second 
industry in point of Heper ar is that of the production of arrow- 
root, but the price of arrowroot has recently fallen to such an 

extent as to add materi ally pr the depression from which the 
idana is now suffering. 

367. There are very few small proprietors cultivating gd 
own land. the total area led 
129 estates of not less than 100 acres each, while the extent of the 
Crown lands is estimated to exceed 25, (000 acres. The Crown 


cultivable area not more than 5,000 or 10,000 acres are believed 
to be beneficially occupied oe cultivat tion. 

368. Wages are very low; they have been reduced in recent 
years ; and there is a lamentable want of continuous employment. 
For some years the able-bodied males have been emigrating, 
leaving, in many cases, the women and children to shift for them- 
selves. The population is decreasing, and the labouring classes 
are i aa ed. 

é n 1882 the value of the total exports of native ois 
Was 149 2107, and of the imports 152,332/. ; for 1896 the corre- 
sponding figures were 57,436/. and 60, 563/. The mite of the 
export 8 of sugar, rum, and ‘molasses i in 1882 were 94,847/.; 11,112/., 
and 7,552/. respectively, while the corresponding figures for 1896 
were ‘ont 19,544/., 1,8062., and 2,6531. 

370. The Public Revenue i in 1882 was 31 sape Pp in 1884 
34,509/. Since that year there has been a falling the revenue 
for the last three years having been 28,574/., 25, feoi. "and 26,4871. 
` Notwithstanding retrenchment in establis hm ments, a deficit of 
4,8167. had acer ued at the close of 1896, to which should be added 
1, 1071., which appears in the C olony’ s financial statements as due 
from the * Crown Lands Fund," but which is irrecoverable. The 
island p. t publie debt of 19,380/., and further borrowing of 
3,5007. he construction of roads has been sanctioned. 

371. The prospect which the Colony has now to face is the 
practical extinction of the sugar-cane cultivation within a very 
brief pericd, except in so far as it may be found profitable to 
sce a it in order to meet the local demand for sugar 


Blas "We do not think that under the conditions agit are likely 
to prevail in the future the production of sugar r for rt on a 
large scale could be permanently carried on in St. el unless 
modern machinery were set up, and the most approved precesses 


if 


379 


of Em adopted. Such a change would involve the 
starting o e factories, for which one or two places in the 
Colony are em unsuited. But there is no prospect of any such 
improvements being carried out by private jaraai and we 
hesitate to recommend that the State should find the money. for 
what must in the case of this Colony be regarded as a very 
doubtful experiment. 

373. In view of the approaching extinction of the sugar industry 
in St. Vincent, and of the fact that there is no prospect of private 
enterprise establishing other aistros on a sufficiently large scale 
to afford employment to the labouring classes, the problem of 
providing for these ee becomes one of extreme urgency, and 
is beset with difficultie 

374. We have qer made a general recommendation that 
the settlement of the Creole population of the West Indies as 
cultivating proprietors should be eta een as settled policy 
of the Government of the different Colon , and we see no 
reason to depart from that ati in the "id of St. Vincent. 
On the contrary, it seems to us that, whether the sugar industry 
is maintained or disappears, it is abs olutely essential in the 


prosperity in St. "Vin 
377. There are round the sea-coast ined = acres of fertile 


remain sọ olders —- somes lands at o be unwilling 
to sell them in small a reasonable price, and vis 
unable to cultivate itt pese à e circumstances, we have 

hesitation in recommending that araire portions of these janide 
be acquired by the State made available for settlement in 
small plots. If gms lands cannot be obtained by private 
agreement with the owners, powers should be taken by the 


Government to E En them on payment of reasonable com- 
pensation. The condition of St. Vincent is so critical as to justify 
the adoption of prompt and drastic measures of reform. 

monopoly of the most accessible and fertile lands by a few 
persons who are unable any longer to make a beneficial use of 
them cannot, in the general interests of the „sland, be tolerated, 


379. Another measure which gi er ales is an attempt to 
establish a fruit trade with New York, such, though on a smaller 
scale, as that which has RAT such benefit to Jamaica. In 


ey c un. 
takes to put at least 2,000 acres under bana cultivation. lt is, 


e an agreemen nt to this effect when they understand that 
proper gend of communication may be depended upon for at 
least ten ye 

Vai likely that, at least iu St. Vincent, a con- 


As 
hb siderable Pie for the relief of distress would have to be borne 


380 


by ne funds if Syne cannot be found for the labourers, 
it wo not be unreasonable, if private enterprise is not forth- 
esq » en antee the requisite cultivation, for the Government 
to make arrangements to this end ; and, if the recommendations 


= 
z 
E 
— 
e 
T 
un 
[«] 
Uh . 
ct 
= 
E 
T 
= 
ot 
® 
jem 


be um ted and cultivated in bananas. 
that a oed cultivation of 4,000 acres in the two islands must be 
secured in order to > produce suffieient bananas to make it worth 
while to run a steamer. If a considerable number of cultivators 
can be settled on the land, we have no doubt irre they algo will 
grow bananas and materially extend the indus 
385. In conclusion, we desire again to "es Spec attention to 
the very critical position of affairs in St. Vincent, where a 
population, which is ne Bat pet of property in any form, and 
o land on which it can labour, is threatened with the almost 
aae loss of the indbby amount of intermittent employment 
on d low wages which it at present manages with difficulty to 
secu 
386. "No time should be e in introducing any measures which 
it may be deemed advisable to adopt, with a view to applying a 
remedy to the condition of ys which we have described. It 
2 possible e the collapse of the sugar industry may come $0 
uddenly t necessary to find temporary employment 
at the Publ. expense for some portion of the population. In 
such case the cost would have to be borne by the Imperial 
eshequar as it does not seem possible for the Colony to find 
the mone 


viii—DOMINIGA. 


387. We arrived at Dominica, direct from St. Lucia, on 
Thursday, the 11th of March, and on the 12th and 13th of March 
held sittings at Roseau, the chi ef town of EM island, when 
we examined 14 witnesses. One of th Commissioners and 
Dr. Motris visited the Layou Flats, a PEGIN “district, which 
will be presently referred to. 

388. Dominica is ene of the heme e of the Federation of 
the Leeward Islands, with which we shall deal in the order 
in which we reached them. The weak "of government is at 


Antigua. 
389. The d according to the census of 1891, was 
26,841. This was 1,370 less:than in 1881. The total area is 


186, etd acres, of “phigh ne 60, 000 acres are said to be in private 

'The whole of the remainder i is therefore Crown land, and 

: “3 is rere that 80,000 acres of Crown lands are suitable for 
cultivation. 

390. In 1882 the total value of the exports was 61,297/., and 

in 1896 the total exports were valued at 48,9737. The value of 


the sugar, ru ipie iie exported in 1882 was 44,4941, and 
in 1896 ud tee That is to say, in the last 15 years the 
exports of sugar, rum, and molasses have fallen from 71 per cent. 


. to 15 per venit. of the total value of the exports. 


381 
> 

391. This fact alone would be sufficient to place Dominica in a 
different category to others of the Leeward Islands, such as 
St. Kitts, Nevis, and Antigua, in which the sugar industry has 
struggled again st depression : and retained its position as practically 
the only industry of the 

392. In. Dominica the pr LENS of sugar has already given 
way, doubtless because the processes both of cultivation and 
manufacture were more E "a and wasteful than in other 
places. The industry was never on so oe a , footing in 
Dominica, and has keretre Sain à 

395. Since, however, Dominica has never be so great a sugar- 
bani Colony as most of the others, and sugar exports now 

only form 15 per cent. of the value of the whole, it i is ppt ud 
to discuss the question of taking special measures fa 
Dominica is concerned to re-establish the sugar industry there. 

396. It is with the de evelopment of the other industries that the 
Colony will be mainly ¢ ned in future. In this direction 
there is not only Med good “ground tor dopo. but considerable 
progress has already b f the exports of 
cocoa have risen from 6, ALI in 1882, is 13, "531 in 1896 ; of limes 
and lime juice from 5,1097. to 14,851/.; of essential oils from 
295/. to 5,012/. ; of fruit and vegetables from 607/. to 1,348.. ; 
and of coffee from 321/. to 967/. in the same period. 

397. But this is not enough. If Dominica is to be self-support- 
ing, if an efficient Government is to be provided for out of its 
revenue, and the people are to be prosperous, or even comfortable, 
these industries must extend still an and there is, happily, 
no reason why this should not be the c 


398. The great extent of the c sirable’ area of Crown lands has 
already been noticed. These lands are undeveloped ; ai are 
mostly covered with nba much of which is sai o be 


valuable. Care, no doubt, ought to be taken not to Om 

increased risks of landslips or ied by allowing too much of the 

highest lands to be deforested, for the rainfall in Dominica is 

eavy ; but even allowing for the utmost Rh in this respect, 
a 


is believed to be very rich and fertile, and the appearance of such 
pat pec as have been cultivated confirms the probability of its 
eing s 

399. So ome of this land ought to be disposed of under proper 
regulations to peasant cultivators, and some of it may prove 
attractive to investors of capital or persons who are in a position 
to occupy and cultivate estates of their own. The Government of 
the Colony will have to be guided by circumstances in the dis- 
posal of it; it is not possible, under present conditions, to say 
what opportunities will arise which may lead to its being eccupied 
and cultivated, At the time of our visit all sale of Crown lands 
had been temporarily suspended owing to negotiations which 
were then pending for ə. large concession toa company. We 
believe these negotiations have fallen through, but in any case the 
sale of Crown la nds t to cult tivators in suitable localities oughtto be 

* 


resumed. 
į 


6 382 

04. There is enough labour in Dominica for its present 
industries, but it is to be hoped that these industries will increase, 
à if so, their needs will soon outgrow the capacity of the 
present labour supply. By the time, however, that this takes 


islands in want of employment, and it should be easy to import 
many labourers from them 
40 e present eondition e Done is certainly one o 

pu Ac and it will sired ese from the Imperial Govern- 

ent. is may be giv as part of a general scheme for 
p steam alp between the islands, and of a 
special scheme for dun direct communication between St, 
Vincent, Dominica, and w Yo 

Dominica will also fee in any assistance which may be 

given to the system of botanic institutions in the West Indies. 
In addition to this the island should have some assistance from 
Imperial funds for making roads, which are essential to its pro- 
gress. Such help need not be very costly, and need not be 
grudged, since Doniine may, if sate icio nce is given, be 
expected to attain a state of comfort, or even prosperity, and its 
capabilities and prospects are decidedly better than those of any 
other of the Leeward Islands. 


ix.——MONTSERRAT. 


411. We pex Montserrat on Monday evening the 16th of 
March, and on t Tth app 11 representative witnesses and 
received written pec ments, and gained other information as to 
the a of the land. which we quitted on the following 
morn 

112. “The population of the island at the last census was 11,762. 
It is new estimated at 12,500. The area is about 25,000 acres, ei 
which it is estimated thet about SR JO acres are cultivable. The 
are all in private hands, and there are no Crown lands. Aboni 

10,000 acres are said to ‘he Kitali orsa cultivation. The are 
under cultivation in sugar is approximately estimated at 00 
acres, or about three-fifths of the total cultivated area. There 
many small holdings, EE eo estates 

413. The value of the exports of sugar and molasses in 1852 
was 31,1427. x 1896 the et "had fallen to 14,9677. Hardly any 


rum is exported. The value of the total exports for 1882 was 
38.1207., and in “1896 was 24,2137. It will be seen, therefore, that 
while in 1882 the exports of sugar and molasses amounted to 


81:69 per cent. of the value of all the exports of the island, 
this proportion had fallen in 1896 to 61°81 per 
414. All the sugar estates produce musco WA sugar r only ; es 
industry has ceased to be profitable, and the prospects o ofita 
no better than in neighbouring islands. "The island is irena 
ravines, which would make the establishment of 
central factories difficult. Even, aisrof die , if the prospects and 
Sole of the ndash y generally were to revive, the industry in 
Montserrat would in the long run be severely handicapped by 
the competition, in tliat parts of the world, of large central 


iln 


factories, which either could not be established or could not be 
economically worked in Montserrat. It is accordingly a 
to consider what industries can take the place of sugar in sup 
porting the population and providing a revenue for the island. 
415. The statistics of exports show that during the last 
15 years progress has been made with industries other than sugar. 
Such advance in this respect as there has been is greatly due 
to the work done by the Montserrat Company, the manager of 
which informed us that the company employs 1,200 labourers 
for the three months of crop time, and from 700 to 800 for the 
rest of the year. The company is stated to have 1,247 acres 
under E alio in limes, and as a result mainly of this a 


value 1e lime industry in Montserrat, 
however, has of late su imod "iiri teon blight. 

416. Other exports of co mparative i mportance are arrowroot, the 
value of which has doubled since 1892 notwithstanding a fall in 
price, and amounted to 669/. in 1896 ; aa coffee, which reached 
a value of 7897. in 1896, having only begun to be an export of 
importance in 1894 Papaine, “essential oils, and bay oil also 
appear upon the list of exports. 

417. Reference to Dr. Morris’s report will show that there are 
other forms of En such especially as vanilla, ginger, and 
fruit, which might be started or profitably developed, and the 
preserving Sore iiA aont set up by the ontserrat 
Company may give some encouragement in this direction. 

9. Montserrat can only be developed and iei ne orted by variety 
of produce, and for this two things are essential—a good Botanic 
Station, capable of supplying plants and iine instruction, and 
access to markets. Both these needs have been dealt with in con- 
nexion with other islands in the general report, but it should be 


pinched by the failure of the sugar industry, and of how, just as 
its need is greatest, it becomes bares for it to provide unaided 
the means which are ae oe a es its difficultie 

420, It will be see S sete 2 Dr. Morris's report if from 


more hopeful position in Montserrat than in St. Kittsand des rem 
Mr. Baynes, the Commissioner, drew our attention to the need for 
AM M to develop new Andustries, a point which has jesd been 
dealt 
423. Tho revenue is falling off, though the Customs and other 
duties have been increased, ar nd the limits of taxation have 
apparently been ied. Since 1890 an increase in the land tax 
has Jakon the place of export duties, which were abolished. * 
25. The increase in the ordinary expenditure is mainly due to 
increase of charges on account of debt and to increased cost of 
education. 
426. From 1891 to 1894, 14,5007. was borrowed for public works, 
and in 1896, 3,5007. was "borrowed on the security of Treasury 


384 


debentures, “ partly to meet deficiencies of revenue, and partly to 


roads and improvements of old ones, improvement of the streets 
of the town, extension of the jetty, a new hospital," &c. 

27, The new roads, as well as those previously existing and 
absolutely necessary for the traffic of the island, were severeiy 
damaged by the flood of November 1896, which in other ways also 
has caused much distress in the island. The Colonial Engineer of 
Dominica, who reported upon the damage done, and a copy of 
whose = was Supplied to us, has recommended that no attempt 
be made repair or maintain the greater part of the new roads ; 
but it is piti ani that the cost of indispensable repairs to the 
other roads and to those portions of the new roads which it is 
advisable to keep open will be about 2,650/., whilst an expenditure 
of 500/.will be required to repair the Plymouth waterworks ; and the 
present jetty, which, though recently constructed, is already ina 
precarious state, must, if shipping facilities are to be maintained, 
be replaced at a cost of not less than 07, 

428. It will not be possible, with such a fall in the revenue as 
must be siad, for the Presidency of Montserrat to meet this 
expenditure, and to repay the short-term debentures for 3,5007., 


x.—ANTIGUA. 


29. We reached Antigua, seat of the Government of the 
Leeward Islands, on the morning of Thursday, the 18th of March, 
and r depen: nm in the island till Monday, the 22nd of the same 
month, ing evidence from 25 witnesses, receiving written 
Ie an. and visiting. several districts of the island. The 
poverty of many of the inhabitants was forcibly brought to dd 
notice during these excursions, and by our residence in St. John' 
as well as by the written itd oral sppe nikde to us for 


430. The population of Antigua is 36,119. The area is ‘the 


50 acres. 

431. The value of the total exports of the produce of the island 
in 1882 was 262,145/, in 1896 this had fallen to about 127,000/. 
The value of the exports of sugar and molasses for 1882 was 
260,1972, or for 1896 it was £118, 634, being 96 per cent. and 91 
per cent. of the total exports for these years respectively. Hardly 
any rum was exported from Antigua during this period, and none 
has been exported since ed pee these figures it will be seen 
how entirely Antigua is depen upon its exports of sugar and 
molasses, and how great the A e in We value of these has been. 

432. There are no em central factories, and, except at one 
estate, vhich has a vacuum pan and centrifugals, sugar is made 


385 


by the muscovado process, which in Antigua, as in Barbados, 
See pro table, owing to the scie fitness of the soil for pro- 

ucing a cane juice yielding a rich and valuable quality of 
fiios peculiar to these islands and St. Kitts, and having, until 
ed a special market value There Aem Pe during recent 


cultivation has diminished. In 1882 the amount of sugar 
exported was 12,769 tons; in 1896 it was 13,714 tons. The great 
bulk of this export goes to the United States market 
436. In Antigua, as in all places which epend Apon the export 
of muscovado sugar, the great fall in the demand for molasses has 
been an additional blow to the sugar industry. n 1882 the 
quantity of the molasses exported was 8,369 puncheons, valued 
at 41,8457, in 1896 i it fell to 2 are puncheons, of the value of only 
7 A791., and it was stated i memorandum quoted above that 
there has lately been an cierran to sell some whole of the crop. 
497. All that has beea said under the head of Barbados 
respecting the prospects of ihe muscovado industry applies with 
equal force to Antigua 
. The prospects of is saga ‘industry might, no doubt, be 
improved by the erection of central factories. There is no chance 
whatever of this being done by eae 2 enterprise, and, if done at 
all, it must be done with the assistance and at the risk of the 
Government. We cannot advocate this course in the case of 
Antigua with as much Sienen as in that of Barbados. Antigua 
is more liable to drought, and some difficulty might be ctam 
in securing a sufficient water supply for large factories ; more 
the plantations have not yet dep ipn from the attacks of dila 
to the same extent as they have in Barbados. There are, however, 
suitable places in Antigua for the establishment of such factories, 
and if the success of the experiment in Barbados is such as to 
justify its ce rd im elsewhere, Antigua may be regarded as the 
next best field 
Ein the ev eni of a failure of the sugar industry the condition 
of Antigua will be one of very great distress and difficulty. No 
other industries can supply the place of sugar. During the bad 
season of 1895 there was a considerable export of logwood, but 
the price of this product has fallen of late, and the supply in 
Antigua is said to be, for the present, exhausted. 
441. Some attempts have been m ade, not on a very large scale, 
to grow pine- Wed and with success. They are sent to the 


has had a trial, ahaa on this point the Syidwnde M». Tillison, ‘the 
Curator of the Botanic d may be starr d to. Want of 
knowledge and want of means of communication with the great 


markets have beris in the nas of all minor industries. 
tigua, as in several other islands, the Government 
must, to meet D. altered circumstances, take steps— 
To promote the settlement of the labouring population on 
e land as peasant cultivators. Some Crown lands are 


386 


available for this purpose, and the low price of sugar has 
made it necessary to dca qa some sugar estates, and may 
bring others into the m 
2. To provide more facilities - Sana E by steamer with 
other islands. 
3. To encourage and extend the work of the Botanic Station. 
2 * L3 * 3k zh 
444. Skerrett's Reformatory dem En pus farm attached to it— 
of the expense of which some witnes complained—are, no 
doubt, useful establishments if the Rep is able to afford 
their cost, which in 1896 was 938/. net, for the combined 
institutions, and they appear to be well manage 
415. The publie revenue, however, is not des to the present 
rate of expenditure. There have been of late years, successive 
deficits, whieh have given rise to a floating debt on General 
Revenue Account, now amounting to upwards of 20,0007., in 
addition to the funded debt of 138,000/. These deficits have 


d tax 
of S an acre on land planted in sugar-cane—which the industry 
is not in a condition to bear—-ls. on other —— Ta and 14. 
on other lands, and though additional reven become 
necessary, it is not easy to see how fresh Aa can = imposed. 

446. If the sugar industry fails, the future of Antigua will be 
more gloomy than that of either St. Vincent or St. Lucia. The 
teste are less, the liability to drought and hurricanes is 
grea he scale of public expenditure will have to be 
P eogreiaivols Se ed, the standard of living will become very 
low, and the papidation will probably diminish. In the meantime 
the island must for some years be i eng unable to provide for its 
own adgiicantrative needs and be a burden upon Imperial 
resources. 


xi.—ST. KITTS-NEVIS. 


447, St. Kitts and Nevis lie close together and form one 
Presidency under asingle Administrator. Wearrived at P 
the chief town of St. Kitts, on the evening of Monday, the 22nd 
of March. We took evidence, during the 23rd and 24th, from 

22 witnesses, aa on the 25th we visited the island of Nevis, and 
after returning to Basseterre, left the same evening for Jamaica. 

448. The estimated present population of St. Kitts is 31 ,900, and 
of Nevis, 13,700. The total area in acres of St. Kitts i is 41 851, and 
of Nev 


in Nevis, are stated t o be bos eficially oceupiec ed by oa ation 
and it is said that all ee that could at present be cultivated with 
profit is utilized. The total area of cultivable land is, however, 
given as about 29,000 acres for St. xu and 24,000 for Nevis. 

449. There is daily communication steam ferry between 
Basseterre, the capital of St. Kitts, and INA in Nevis, à 
distance of about 14 miles. 


387 


450. Asin Antigua, the population is dependent upon the sugar 
maie the products of which are prac deos the only export 
the nd 18 


island. 82 the value of the sugar ex Yoon was 
283, 1087., of rum 3, 980/., and of i lis "36, 373l., making a total 
of 54617 I D rrespon s were suga 


325 f n 1896 the co ding figure ug 
M er rum 1,856/., molasses 7 pee making a total of Mets 2451. 


451. The an of sugar manufactured is almost entirely 
muscovado. The amount in 1882 was 18,601 tons, and in 1896 
14,822 tons, the difference in quantity being due to difference in 
seasons, rather than to any diminution of the area under cultiva- 
tion. From 1884 to 1896 an average of about 400 tons of vacuum 
pan sugar was manufactured on one estate chiefly for local 
consumption. 

452. At present the only markets for the Pree produced are 
the United States, and, to a small extent, Cana 

457. We inquired as to the reason of this zr bad between 
St. Kitts and Nevis as to the ownership of land, and find that it 
is ulis is bak estates in Nevis having been broken up and 

sold in sm ots in previous years. Mr. Roden, the District 
Migretrate of Ne evis, stated e duse peasant proprietor's land was 
"eimi CHE deem the e 


460. We desire to attent the evidon given 
by Mr. Kortright, the Em of Public Works, with 
reference to the idea of the mountain lands. In 


Seething the upper lands. It would be very desirable to 
ake measures to prevent the deforesting of land above a certain 
altitude. Some of such lan ad is no doubt included in the area 
returned as cultivable. T 

466. If there is no improvement in the sugar trade the revenue 
in St. Kitts will fall very considerably. Neither the official staff 
nor the general pue ene fena can be very suddenly reduced 
in view of the impending distress, and for some years deficits 
may be POSES 5g volti us and even to increase, During this 
period St. Kitts-Nevis, as ie as Antigua, must be dependent 
upon the British Governmen 

467. We desire, however, : ro the opinion that there is 
room for some economies in the Government of St. Kitts-Nevis, 
and that efforts ptg p dide to approach to a more simple and 
inexpensive for f Government throughout the Colony of the 
Leeward I RP s Ret that which it has been deemed necessary 
or desirable to maintain in the days of their greater prosperity . 


14687 ; D 


988 


xii.—JAMAICA. 


468. We arrived at Kingston, the capital of J amaica, on günda, 
the 28th of March, and remained there or in the immediate 
Mio Saee Noo until the 10th of April. We held publie pomo» 

n five days, and examined 63 harin and also took other 
meni of maki ing ourselves acquainted with the condition and 
prospects of the island. On the 10th Apri a We proceeded by the 
recently completed railway to the town and port of Montego eut 
at the north-west extremity of the island, and embarked on the 
Talbot, in which we were taken on the 12th of April to Port Maria 
on the north coast. E Por i the Custos of the parish, 
Dr. Pringle, had made arrangements by which we were Meses 
to drive through a consic Meridie pole. of country which was 
formerly under cane, but has now been successfully brought odas 
banana cultivation. 

469 the Were we rejoined the Talbot at Port Antonio, and 
eem there until the morning of the Pos when we finally 

left Jamaica, fen a stay of 17 days in the Islan 

. During our stay at Port Antonio we visited some impor- 
tant banana plantations, and obtained much information regarding 
the banana industry from various persons, especially from Captain 
Baker, one of the early and successful originators of the trade. 
Port Antonio, it may be noted, is now, owing to the banana trade, 
a thriving place. It is the Pee port of departure for steamers 
carrying fruit to the United State 

471. Jamaica lies at a AEE a distance from the other 
British West India islands, and ee cne of the group of the 
Greater Antilles, which comprises Cu Ris E and nues Rico, all 

f which are foreign. The island is - 310 miles from the 
Continent of America, 90 miles south of OM: and 100 miles west 

Haiti. It has little connexion or trade with any of the other 
British West Indian Colonies, but has very frequent communica- 
tion and a good deal of trade with the United States, as well as a 
fair amount of trade with the United Kingdom and Canada, but 
the trade with the United Kingdom has diminished of late years, 
whilst that with the United States has largely increased 

412. The island has an area of 4,207 square miles, and is, there- 
fore, one-fourth larger than all the other British sugar-pr UE 
islands taken together, and although British Guiana, on the m 
land of America, is about 25 times as large as Jamaica, it had Hair, 
in aUe a population of 278,328, as compared with 639,491 in 
Jam 
73. Of the total area, 330,000 acres are still in forest, 80,000 

acres consist of swamps and rocky or other useless lands, and 
693,694 acres are returned as oveupied by cultivation. A large 
portion of the cultivable land is situated at a considerable height 
above the sea, and no less than 1,133,600 acres of the land that is 
classed as cultivable are situated at or above an elevation of more 
than 1,000 feet. Coffee is grown at various heights up to 5,000 
feet, and the mountain coffee is much prized, being sold at from 
5. to 6l. a hundredweight. Owing to the variety in elevation 
and the great fertility of the soil, nearly all tropical and sub- 
tropical plants can be cultivated with success. The island is 


389 


however, dei to severe droughts, and occasionally to floods, 
and at the time we visited Jama aica an exceptionally severe 
drought was causing much distress and loss. 
474, Whilst British Guiana, which may be considered at present 
i )6 


ee, logwood, bananas, oranges, pimento, ginger, cocoa, cocoa- 
nut, tobaeco, and otis? articles of export, the value of whi ch, as 
shown in the returns of 1895-96, amounted altogether to about 
1,415,0007., as against 360,059/., the value of the exports of sugar, 
rum, and m olasses. 

475. Jamaica is, therefore, in a better position to Foie a falling 
off in the sugar trade than any of the other West Indian bee 
except Grenada, which has ceased to produce su mi xcept for 
local consumption, and is supporting itself entirely by other 
pe ets. 


affect the welfare of a considerable body of planters and of 5 
persons who are stated to be directly concerned in sugar cultiva- 
tion, whilst many others are more or less dependent on the sugar 
industry, such as ie cattle breeders and persons connected w ith 
the shipping i inte . 
he setienated population in March 1896 was 694, ten 

According to the census of 1891 the Cera which was the 
639,491, comprised 14,692 whites, 121,955 coloured persons, 488, 624 
blacks, 10,176 East Indians, 481 Chit: and 3,623 of miscel- 
laneous race 

. If the present estimate of the population is correct, there 
has been an increase of 55,374 in the five years ae in March 
1896, following an increase of 58,087 i in the ten years 
to 1891. "The population is, no doubt, rapidly paai but the 
increase is much greater among the black and coloured population 
than among the whites. The coloured (or brown) population has 
much increased of late years in numbers and in influ uence. 


the time of th ncipation, in 1834, the population was made 
up of 311,070 peers 15,000 whites, 40,000 coloured people, and 
5,000 free blacks. 

80. The revenue provee by the Government of Jamaica 
which in 1881-82 w 56,035/., had risen to 807,8937. in 1895-96, 
but of this latter ibo 161, 7901 consisted of " vnd are sty led 
appropriated revenues, derived from taxation for | purpose 
80,5811. of the amount being devoted to roads, and re 2. “6007. to vods 
relief. This a propriated revenue has risen to its present large 
amount from 90,4407. in 1881-82, and in 1882-83 was only 85,6347. 
The general revenue vin 1895-96, if the appropriated or ‘local 
taxation is deducted, was 646,10: BL; and of this. no lees than 
499,511/. was from customs and excise. 

493. The number of holdings of land in ^is faland i is 99, 979, of 
which 81,921 are under 10 acres each. In 1882 there were only 
52,608 holdings, of which 43,707 were under 10 acres each, 


14687 : D2 


590 


Even allowing for the fact that some persons may hold two or 

more plots of land, it is clear that the island sessi UNE a 

very large and increasing number of peasant proprie 

4. The Crown Land Regulations offer facilities for p settle- 
ment of the sahouring population on the land, and as sugar estates 

are abandoned some of them will probably fall into gio hands of 


sey der the me a ues made with the Jamaica Railway 
Company land was to be made over to the company on the 


eine that 70,356 acres have already been actually selected and 
conveyed to the West India Improvement Company, and 6,444 
acres which will shortly fall into the hands of the Government 
will also be conveyed to them. No use appears to have been 
made of this land so far, and the Government has intimated to 
the company the risk which they incur by allowing squatters to 
settle upon their properties, as 12 years’ undisturbed possession 
quis give them a valid title. It is to be hoped that these lands of 
me npany may soon be made available for purchase and 
settlem 
496. "eed of the evidence which we received does not give à 


people, and there was a tendency on the part of some witnesses 
to dwell a good deal on Tem praes Xa of the Jamaica 
peasantry, but there is «ule doubt that the bulk of them are in a 
position which compares not unfavourably with that of the 
peasantry of most cras in the world, and the facts stated in 
the following paragraph show that the EROR of the labouring 
Moves can hardly have doberious ed. 
In the last 10 years the number of sa vings bank accounts 

of iie amount of 5/. and under has nearly PEEN The census 
returns of 1891 show that in the ten years, 1881 to 1891, there had 
been an increase of 30 per cent. in the number of persons able to 
read and write. The acreage of provision grounds has increased 
more than 30 per cent. in ten years. There are 70,000 holdings of 
less than 5 acres. The area in coffee, usually in small lots, 
increased in ten years from 17,000 to 23,000 acres. More than 
6,000 ale caper mills are owned by the peasantry. The number 
of enrolled scholars was 100,400 in 1896, as against 49,000 in 1881, 
while the actual average daily attendance at schools had increased 
from 26,600 to 59,600. These facts indicate considerable advance, 
though no doubt in certain districts ao people are poor. Distress 
was, perhaps, more apparent at the time of our visit than is 
usually the case, for there was a severe drought, the logwood 
industry, which had been flourishing, had fallen off, and employ- 
ment on railway works ha 

498. On the whole there appears to us no ground for 
despondency as to the future of Jamaica, either in view of the 
possible failure of the sugar industry or on general considerations, 
but it is most desirable that the settlement of the people on the 
land should be encou 

501, The results, in any case, of a ode off in sugar produc- 
tion will not be so serious as in other West Indian Colonies, and 


391 


we ascertained by personal 2 and inquiry that in two 
large parishes at least, where sugar cane cultivation has ceased 
nd bananas have been sib Cups. a larger population is now 
maintained than existed in former days, nor was there any reason 
to suppose that there was any special poverty in those parishes. 

502. It i. not follow that all abandoned ee sain dcus 
be made to produce bananas, but we received evidence that 
such estates were capable of producing abundant c o s of fedi 
and that in some cases portions of coffee estates which had been 
abandoned owing to the supposed exhaustion of the soil could, 
under certain conditions, which are mede to by Dr. Morris, be 
xm brought under the same cultivat 

. The new United States tariff pli a considerable tax on 
the import of oranges, which will probably t the export of 
this fruit from os di value of which in 1895-96, owing to 
the failure of the crop Flo m was 169,7947., though in 
previous years the a iiie generally less than one- -fourth of 
this amount. 

504. The report of Dr. Morris shows E AN A how the trade 
of Jamaica has altered in the last fifteen years, and how far other 
products have made up for the falling off in sugar, and it is 
manifest that if the new industries €—ÀÁ ico may be expected, 
and if the sugar industry can be carried on at a profit the Island 
will be in a fairly prosperous condition, Aem it must be 
always subject, like other countries which depend solely on 
agriculture, to depression in prices, with the addition of the 
drawback of droughts | and. floods as is usual in tropical 


506. The Bowie EDE EE, of the Island is fully described 
by Dr. Morris. It has done excellent service in the development 
of various industries, and has no doubt heiped the sugar industry 
also by attention to the best methods of cultivation, and by 
endeavouring to improve the canes, It has also imparted 


employed in conjunction with the Botanical Department in 
analysing the soil and its products. 

507. There is evidence that good results have arisen from the 
action of the Jamaica DEI and of the two agricultural 
associations that exist in the Colony. 

508. Before we conclude our remarks on Jamaica some reference 
must be made to the system of coolie immigration in the Island, 
By the last return received there were 14,128 East Indian 
immigrants in Jamaica, of whom 3,762 were still serving under 


in 1845, and 8,809 have returned to India, Under the present 
system the whole cost of er cei of Indian immigrants and of 
their passages to and from India is paid by those who employ 
them, the Government esten the cost of the supervising and 
medical und in the Islan 

rly and until quite recently the immigrants were 
imported rail exclusively for the sugar planters, though a small 


392 


proportion were assigned to coffee estates. Of late, however, they 
have been allotted to work on banana plantations. This may 
lead to complaints by peasant cultivators of bananas that the coolie 
is imported to compete with them, but if such complaints arise 


the discontinuance of immigration in Jamaica enu the preson! 
system, although we look forward to a time when, owing to 
pin Sar in the industrial habits of the negro, 6s will bo 
no necessity to import labour. We recognise that there is 
evidence to show that on public works, and even on some estates, 
the Jamaica negro is an excellent labourer, but there is also 
evidence that on »ome estates, though not on all, it is difficult to 
carry on cultivation without a propo xg of indentured coolies, 
whose services can always be depended o We therefore think 
it will be wise to abstain from cse any change at present 
in the cne system, under which, as the planter pays heavily 
for introducing coolie labour, he has a strong inducement not to 
apply for coolies, unless he thinks they are absolutely essential to 
the working of his estate. 


Part HI. 


CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS AND SUMMARY. 


i.—OBLIGATIONS OF THE MOTHER COUNTRY. 


210. In Parts I. and II. of our Report we have expressed the 
opinion that the sugar iudustry in the West Iunoni is in danger of 


d ainoa; that no industry or series of industries can 
in the s of a few years supply its paeas ; and that some of the 
Colonies will for a time be unable to meet the necessary and 


unavoidable cost of Vessel including payments on account 
of the public debt. We have also recommended the adoption of 
measures having for their object the substitution of other industries 
for the cultivation of the sugar-cane, and the general amelioration 
of the economic condition of the people, as well as the relief of 
the distress which may arise in many place 

911. The carrying out of our ronima Ri must involve the 
expenditure yearly of a considerable sum of money which the 
Colonies will, in their altered condition, be unable to provide. 
The more depressed the condition of any Colony may be the 
greater will be its need for ata ite funds ed the less will be 
its ability to raise them from its o resources, and we consider 
that in one form or another ince oes ie by the mother 
goan on behalf cf the West Indian fe are inevitable. 

512. Justification for this view can no doubt be ee in the 

nature of the relations which exist Lawes a mother country and 
such dependencies as Your Majesty’s West Indian possessions, 
Bat in this instance we desire to draw a to peculiar 
circumsiances, which, in our opinion, impose a special and an 
unusually strong obligation upon the Home Government, 


393 


513. The black population of these ee was originally 
placed in them by force as slaves; the race was 
increased under artificial conditions aka nna A by the authority 
of the British Government. What the e people were at the time of 
emancipation, and their very ppm in the Colonies at all, were 
owing to British action, or the action of sens European 
nations for the results of HN policy the United Kingdom 
assumed responsibility on taking possession of the eee a in 
question ; we could not, by the single act of freeing them, divest 
ourselves of responsibility for their future, which must necessarily 
be the outcome of the past and of the present. For E ons 
en on 


maintenance of the progress that they have made hitherto. We 
cannot abandon them, and if economic conditions become such 
that private enterprise and the profits of trade and cultivation 
cease to attract white men to the Colonies, or to keep them there, 
this may render it more difficult for the British Government to 
discharge its obligations, but will not in any way diminish the 
force of them. We have placed the labouring population where 
it is, and cr eated for it the conditions, moral and material, under 
which it exists, and we cannot divest ourselves of responsibility 
EC its future 
. There is also another consideration, which in our opinion 
ought not to be overlooked. The distress which is beginning to 
be felt by the population ; the difficulty in which some of them are 
already, or may soon be, placed of finding a livelihood ; the still 
e ‘certain difficulty of providing for their government and 
education, will be due to the failure of the sugar industr y, which is 


to the bounties which some of them grant on the production 
or export of sugar. To some extent at any rate these bounties 
and this policy have made sugar cheaper outside the countries in 
question, a result by which the British consumer has gained 
very largely. Whilst, therefore, it is unfair to ed that the cause 
of the depression in the West Indies is due to any act of the 
British Government, we cannot overlook the fact that the British 
people e been reaping great benefit from precisely that set of 
circumstances which has been a factor in bringing the West 
Indies to the verge of serious "men ter 

515. In our opinion, this makes it impossible for Your Majesty's 
Government to take a narrow view of the question, seed k the 
British people not only have gained, but continue to gain pro- 


be generous in discharging the obligations of the mother country 
to those dependencies which suffer so severely from the operation 
of the bounty system 


iii.—THE UNITED STATES MARKET. 


516. Some witnesses complainisias Sin in their opinion the 
Colonies had been hampered in ing advantageous com- 
mercial arrangements with the United ied 


394 


517. Notwithstanding the failure of negotiations with the 
United States in 1884-85, we are not convinced that the eee 
have hitherto lost valuable opportunities of this kind, or hav 
been debarred from obtaining benefits which would have pesn 
lastin. 

518. As a matter of fact, on the most recent occasion when it 
was possible to make special terms with the United States, the 
West Indian Colonies were able to take measures owing to whic 
their sugar was admitted free of dut 

519. The benefits, however, of this arrangement were not 80 
great as was expected, and the agreement did not last, but was 
put an end to by a change of policy in the United States. The 
same disappointment and the same fate might have befallen any 
special arrangement for reciprocity 

520. Hawaii is the only county which has been able to make a 
special treaty of det Set with the United States which has 
lasted ; but Hawaii, owing to various causes, especially to the 
large siventiients: of pue Tn capital in its sugar industry and 
to the general development of ear policy with regard to it, 

sate no analogy to the bue Indie 
It does not, however, follow because there has been no 
ainé in this grievance in the past that there may not arise 
ardship in the future. It is impossible to foresee what offers or 
demands may be made by the United States, or what opportu- 
nities may arise 
T The question of special reciprocal tariff arrangements has 
T S ed by the provision made in the Revenue Law of the 
United 8 tates by which the President is empowered to enter into 
commercial treaties with countries willing to give advantages to 
the trade of the United States, and in return for such advantages 
io grant a reduction by 20 per cent. of the duties imposed by the 


ct. 

523. The United States is the nearest and therefore, in one 
sense, the natural market for West Indian produce. It may be 
that in time the United States, psu by the development of their 
own beet industry or in other ways, will succeed in supplying 
their own market and so cease to take or to need West Indian 
sugar, But at present tnis is not so; and perhaps may not be so 
for along time. In the meantime, therefore, the British Govern- 
ment should take care that if the West Indies lose the market of 
the United States, it shall not be owing to provisions in Imperial 
treaties, which could be removed without involving a loss to the 
Empire which would be altogether out of proportion to the gain 
that would accrue to the West Indies. 

524. It would be very oora nate z at a time when conditions 


excluded from actual or possible markets elsewhere; and a serious 
political difficulty would arise if at such a time the exclu usion were 
to be the direct consequence of the Imperial connexion. For such 


Eu QO 


395 


iii.—DANGER OF DEPENDING ON A SINGLE INDUSTRY. 


525. The recommendations involving expenditure by the 
mother country, which we have considered it our duty to make, 
are based primarily on the present and prospective eco of 
the sugar industry in the West Indies, but they a e of such : 
nature that they should, in our o od inion, be carried Süt even if the 
sugar RS were restored, temporarily, to a condition of 
prosperity 

526. It is never satisfactory for any country to be entirely 
dependent upon one in pert Such a position is, from the very 
nature of the case, more or less Less de ese € must in the case 
of the West Indies peels. in a preponderating influence in one 
direction tending to restrict development in bere ways. 

The representatives of the sugar industry in the West 
Indies have had special means of weed ing the Governments of 
the isses Colonies, and of putting pressure on the home 

ent to secure attention to their views and wishes. Their 


land, and the encouragement of the —— and forms of culti- 
vation suitable for a class of peasant proprietors formed no part 
of their policy ; n measures were generally believed to be 
opposed to their interests, which they regarded, no doubt, as 
vri with pe best interests of the com munity, and in, at 
least, some of the Colonies met with opposition at their hands. 
If a ditferent de had found favour, the condition of the West 
Indies might have been dh less serious — it is at present in 
view of the t Ae of the sugar industry. 

528. The ral statement regarding the Gasa of depending 
on a single indestry applies with very special force to the 
dependence of the West Indian Colonies upon the sngar industry, 
for the cultivation of sugar collects together a larger number of 
people upon the land than can be employed or supported in 
the same area by any other form of pe aa eel In addition to 
this it also unfits the people, or at any rate gives them no 
training, for the management or cultivation of the soil for any 
other purpose than that of growing sugar cane. The failure, 


skill, or habits zedquisito for erii a or use of the land. In 


this one industry is still more dangerous. In these cases not 
only is there a yearly charge upon the public revenue to meet the 
cost of immigration, but a liability for back passages is incurred, 
Which a failure of the industry would leave the Colony without 
funds to meet. 

529. Whilst, therefore, the vital importance of the sugar industry 
to the pr esent. prosperity of nearly ail the Colonies is beyond dis- 
pute, we wish to observe that so long as they remain dependent 


396 


nba sugar their position can never be sound or secure. It has 

come a commonplace of criticism to remark upon the perpetual 
ss mis ce of crises in the West Indian Colonies, and we submit 
that the repeated occurrence of such crises, as well as the fact that 
the present crisis is more ominous than any of the previous ones, 
illustrates the danger to which we have referred, and adds much 
force to our recommendations for the adoption of GE measures 
to facilitate the introduction of other industries 


iv.—THE COST OF RELIEF. 

530. We have no doubt that if there is so jiu a failure of 
the sugar industry as now x see probab of Your 
pap ys — d in the West Indies will be Pina for a time 

meet the t of public elrabi as well as to raise the 
pa eds for the relief of distress, and, in some cases at 
least, for meeting engagements with the East Indian immigrants. 
1 1 


e 
in sufficient time to provide employment for the people and to 
prevent the revenue from falling off. In such islands as Bar- 
bados, St. Kitts, and Antigua, it is extremely improbable that any 
new industries that can be established will ever completely take 


maintain themselves in the same degree of comfort. The revenue 
may be. diri aane lower than it is at present, and the adminis- 
tration must be carried on in a more economical manner, and, 
probably, with pot loss of efficiency. 

531. The islands which are in the best position are Grenada, 
Jamaica, add Trinidad, and we do not anticipate that either of the 
two latter will require special assistance from the Home Govern- 
ment. The amount of veil which the other Colonies and 
islands may require we find ourselves unable to estimate. It must 
depend very largely on the tbe to which and the rapidity with 
which the sugar industry may succumb. We have, however, no 
hesitation in recommending that the Home Government should 
undertake to meet for a period of ten years the cost of the Botanic 
Department and Botanie Stations which we have DI —€— 
be established, and in this assistance which is given to 
immediate d Grenada, though sons les better of 
should shar 

932. The total cost may be placed at 9,700/. yearly for Tobago, 
Grenada, St. Vincent, Barbad os, St. Lucia, Dominica, Montserrat, 
Antigua, and St. Kitts-Nevis. This department should be ad- 
ministered by an Imperial officer, who would also act as consulting 
officer to the Colonies of Jamaica, Trinidad, and British ie 
when they wished to obtain the benefit of his advic 
islands which we have named already mane. ae Stations at 
their own cost, with the exception of Tobag mme 
that they be relieved of the charge they now te on Ar aad, 
which amounts to about 3,200/. a year. This arrangement will 
not, in the long run, throw any additional burden on the Home 
Government, as we feel sure that the islands in question will - 


397 


due assistance for general purposes, and if they are relieved of 
the cost of the botanic stations this assistance will be or- 
Hea reduced. If the Governments of the various Colonies 
contributed to the cost of the Botanic Establishment a sy qeu of 
divided control woùid be established, a result which, the 
interests of efficient administration, we consider it dabi to 
avoid. e yearly cost of this officer with his assistant and office, 
and including provision for the publication of papers on subjects 
of practical interest, may be taken at 2,7007. 

533. A grant of 1,0007. yearly for experimental cultivation of 
sugar cane should also be given, and an equal sum to meet the 
cost of rewards to guccessful cultivators and to assist elementary 
schools in teaching agriculture. 

534. We also think it desirable um where higher schools exist 
some arrangement shou e ma or the teaching of scientific 
agriculture. The yearly cost Would probably be 2,6 (007. 

535. We think that the cost of the subsidies to the steamers 
which will provide frequent and regular communication between 
certain islands as well as the cost of fruit steamers between 
St. Vincent, ad and New York, should be borne by the 


ome Government. There is practically no other means of 
providing the necessary funds. These subsidies should not exceed 
10,0007. yea 


536. The p annual cost to the Home Government of ou 
recommendations in connexion with the Botanic DEAE OAE 
scientific agricultural Mesue and subsidies to steamers, will 
therefore amount to 27,0 

291. We think it out of T question that Your Majesty's Noe 
Indian possessions should, under any circumstances, be allow 


of that term the necessity for their continuance on the same or a 
reduced sca ei hus a further period of five years will be subject to 
reconsiderat 

538. The assistance for the Botanic Department and agricultural 
education shou e granted for ten years. 

539. It should be clearly laid down that after the expiration of 
ten years Your Majesty's Government will have an absolutely free 
hand as regards reducing or abolishing altogether the amount of 
assistance of whatever kind to be granted yearly. 

540. In the case of Barbados we have alre ady recommended 
that money should be lent by the Honié Government for the 
purpose of dubius central factories. We do not think that a 
larger sum than 120,000/. would be required for this purpose in 
eid first UT and we Bul that the loan will not, in the long 

e any burden on the Imperial Exchequer. If, however, 
de tairis failed to work at a profit, the loss must ultimately fall 
on the mother country, as neither mus V northe Colony coul i 
in such a contingency fir id the . Onthe otber hand if the 
scheme succeeded, it might be tendu in Barbados, and possibly 
in other islands also 

541. We propose ‘that the assistance which we have alre ready 
recommended should be given unconditionally. But it is more 


398 


than probable that further assistance will be required by some 2 
the Colonies, and we do not propose that such assistance, if give 
should be unconditional. St. Vin ne a n St. Kitt en 
Dominica, Montserrat, Barbados, Briti n Gunn and, etn As 
St. Lucia and Trinidad, may all cttm assistance for one or more 
of the following purposes:—To enable them to avoid bankruptcy, 
or to relieve distress, or to deal with the East Indian immigrants, 
or to make roads, or e settle the labouring population on the land, 
or to promote emigration. If a Colony should require assistance 
of this nature it ahonid be made a condition of any grant by the 


granted, the Colonial Government shall consent to such modifica- 
tions of its political constitution as Your Majesty’s Government 
may consider to be necessary in order to ensure economy and 
efficient pore 

ea We shall not attempt to make a complete estimate of the 

unt ot d ssistance which these Colonies may require as it 
dutioiids aftogettior on the extent to which an sugar industry fails, 
the rapidity with which it fails, and the rate of progress in sub- 
stituting other industries. It is, however, yer that a consider- 
able amount of PUR will be uum red in any case, and of this 
nants we are able to make an est cist 
3. The Islands a St. Lucia, St. on Montserrat, Antigua, 
and St. Kitts-Nevis have floating debts which represent accumu- 
lated deficits, the money having been raised on short-term 
debentures. The most economical course will be to clear these 
debts off at once, by a grant from the -— poda and we 
think that ilar assistance duld be given to Tobago. These 
islands at present pay interest at the rate of 4 per ce itt on their 
floating debt, and it will be cheaper to pay off the debt for them 
than to supply them with money to pay interest charged, and 
repay instalments of the principal. The amount of the grant 
required ma be taken at 60,0007. 

544. In Lucia, St. Vincent, Antigua, St. Kitts- deos 
Dominica, ad Montserrat the revenue does not equal the 
expenditure at present, and we think it likely that grants 
amounting in the aggregate to 20,0007. a year may be required for 
some time. 

545. The Government of St. Mass, will sos re a grant to 
enable it to take possession of some of the existing sugar estates 
ra to allot them to negro layat, and Dominica should 

ceive a grant to enable is to open up communication with some 
riser Me ot the most fertile and most accessible lands which 
are at preseut oriista : rsd further extension of roads in, 
Dominica, which are much needed, should be carried out 


g rradually, as the resources of the Island ZH permit. The spec 
grants to St. Vincent and Dominica may amount to 30,0007. Both 
St. Vincent and Dominica may require Am mem some expenditure 


to enable them to start banana cultivation, though we are not 
without hopes that this may be done by unassisted mu 
enterprise when it is known that steamers will be ready to carry 
the fruit to New York. 


399 


546. Barbados and British Guiana have larger populations and 
are no doubt wealthier Colonies, but their prosperity so greatly 


estimate the amount or to say what the expenditure in British 
Guiana in connexion with the immigrants might ves to. In 
Antigua it is almost certain that expenditure must be incurred in 
the relief of distress, and in that island as well as in armeve and 
St. zpw € question of assisting emigration may become one of 
great u 

547. The aoit of emigration is extremely difficult to deal 
with at the present time. The failure of the sugar-cane will 
reduce the demand for serge in all the islands at the very time 
when emigration from some of them will assume special impor- 
tance, nor is it easy to see de what countries outside the limits of 
the West Indies emigration could be successfully directed. The 
pressure of events will stimulate the eri to emigrate, and 
the subsidised steamers will facilitate it by affording a cheap and 
regular means of communication between the different ae 


> 

themselves. In Trinidad and British Guiana there are large 
Seon of land available for settlement, but under the circum- 

stances that now exist the progress of emigration is not likely to 
be so rapid as to provide for the large section of the West Indian 
population that will be unable to find a living near their homes, 
while the process of emigration will involve much hardship and 
be attended with many difficulties. 


v.—SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS. 


548. ee we beg leave to submit the following summary of 

our conclusio 

a. The ioa deus in the West Indies is in danger of great 
nde de which in some gom es may be equivalent or 

st equivalent to extinct 

b, The depoi of the induses" is due to the competition of 
other sugar producing oracle and in a specia 
the competition of beet sugar produced under a system of 
bounties, It is also affected by hh protective tariffs, and 

the SE. oe of cane sugar, the production of which 
is specially co eee "de the Governments concerned. 
The causes of the 'ssion may be described as permanent, 
inasmuch as they are largely due to the policy of foreign 
countries, and there is no indication that that poliey is 
likely to be abandoned in the immediate future. 

c. It is not due in any considerable degree to extravagance in 
management, to imperfection in the pns s of manufacture, 
or to inadequate supervision conseque 
ship, and the removal of these causes, whoever they exist, 
would not enable it, generally, to be profitably carried on 


400 


under present conditions of competition. In many places 
in the West Indies, sugar is not manufactured according to 
the best and latest processes, bat even the estates which 
have introduced the best machinery suffer from the 
depression, d we have little doubt that the latest machinery 
would be much more generally employed but for the 
goner and apparently well founded conviction that even 
ith the assistance of such machinery the business could 
dus be profitably carried on. In places where large factories 
equipped with the best ma dae; cannot be established 
owing to local causes it is doubtful if the sugar industry 
could, under any circumstances, be restored to a condition 
of permanent prosperity, except, possibly, in localities whie 
€ very special advantages in soil, climate, and labour 


Supply 
d. The depression in the — is causing sugar estates to be 
abandoned, and will cause more estates to be abandoned, 
and such abandonment i is causing and will cause distress 
among the labouring population, “including a large number 
nd 


of East Indian immigrants, and will seriously affect, for a 
— time, the general prosperity of the sugar- 
produc g Colonies, and will render it a oeihio for some, 


and ae ps the greater number of them, to provide, 
without external aid, for their own government and 
administration. 

e. If the production of sugar is discontinued or very largely 
reduced, there is no industry or industries that could com- 
pletely replace it in such islands as Barbados, Antigua, and 
St. Kitts, and be profitably carried on and supply employ- 
ment for the labouring population. In Jamaica, in Trini- 
dad, in British Guiana, in St. Lucia, in St. Vincent, and to 
some extent in Montserrat and Nevis, the sugar industry 
may in time be replaced by other industries, but only after 
the lapse of a considerable period and at the cost of much 
displacement of labour and i eepA mp sumer Rg: M 


Colonies where sugar can be com pletely or very largely, 
replaced by other industries, the Colonies in question will 
ye in a much sounder position, both politenity and econo- 
iiicatly, when they have ceased to depend wholly, or to à 
un a extent, upon the continued prosperity of a single 


ost "ilis Ges, ver ry Mam affect the condition of the 
inbouriniy classes for the worse, and would largely reduce 
the revenue of the Colonies. In some places the loss of 
revenue could be met to a limited extent by economies, but 
this could not be done universally nor in a material degree 
in most of the Colonies. Some of the Colonies could not 
provide the necessary cost of administration, including the 
relief of distressed and hodeiek p ersons, or of the sup- 
port and repatriation (when pies ae of the East Indian 
immigrants, without subventions from the mother country. 


401 


Jamaica, Trinidad, and Grenada may be expected to meet 
from their own ene the whole of the expenditur 
that is likely to fall on « 

g. 'The best item orb for the state of things which we 
have shown to exist would be the abandonment of the 
bounty s nds by continental nations. "This change would, 
in all probability, enable a large portion of the sugar-cane 
eultivation to be carried on successfully, and would certainly 
reduce sp rate at which it will diminish. 

g, however, to what appears to be the policy of 
the United States of "America , tothe great ee US of the 
cost of production of beet sugar, and the fact that many 
countries appear to have singled out the Prat industry as 
one which ought to be artificially stimulated in various 
ways, it is not clear that, even if the bounties were abolished, 
another crisis of a similar character might not arise in the 
West Indies at a future day. 

h, A remedy which was strongly supported by witnesses 
interested in the West Indian sugar estates was the imposi- 
tion of gemini: duties on bounty-fed sugar when 
imported into the United Kingdom 

The majority of the prop cone have been unable to 
support this course. The Chairman is of a different 
opinion, and has stated his views separately on this point. 

. The special remedies or measures of relief which we 
unanimously recommend are— 

(1. ^ Dis settlement of the labouring pe on small 

of land as peasant proprietors 

e) The establishment of minor agricu ultural industries, 

the improvement of the system of cultivation, 
especially in the case of small proprietors. 

(3.) The improvement of the means of communication 

between the different islands. 

(4) The encouragement of a trade in fruit with New 

York, and, possibly, at a future time, with London. 

(9.) The grant of a loan from the Imperial Exchequer 

for the establishment of central factories in Barbados. 
The subject of emigration from the distressed tracts also 
requires the Luc attention of the various Governments, 


though we do not find ourselves at the present time in a 
position to make tecommenintions in detail. 
j. We estimate the cost of the special remedies recommended in 


(2) (3) and (4) of d at 27,000} a year for ten years, the ex- 
penditure to be borne by ‘the mother country. We estimate 
ips amount of the loan to Barbados for the erection of 
entral factories at e gu This measure no doubt 
mvae es the risk of los 
Grants will be fouaived in Dominica and St. Vincent 
for roads, and to enable the settlement of the labouring 
ELSE ERN on the land to be carried out, and their amount 
ı at 30,0007. A further grant of about 60,0007. 
aod ds clear off the floating debt in some of the 
smaller islands. 


402 


In addition, tus nep islands should receive grants to 
enable them ans iier expenditure of an 
obligatory nature. The aie y be placed at 20,0007. 
a year for five years, Mid possibly a gets amount t for a 
further period of five year 

The og which we are able to estimate may be 
summarised as OWS :— 

(1.) A grant of 27,0007. a year for ten Ein 

(2) A grant of 20, 0007. a a year for five yea 

(3.) Immediate grants of 60,000/. and 30, 0007, or 90,0007, 

ina 


(4.) A loan of 120,0207. to Barbados for the establishment 
of central factories. 
k, As to the amount of expenditure which it may be necessary 


very great, if there occurred a sudden and general failure of 
the sugar industry in Bardados and British Guiana, where 
the population is comparatively large, and the people 
depend so greatly upon the cultivation of the sugar-cane, 
In such a contingency neither British Guiana nor Barbados 
would be able to meet the necessary cost of administration 
for, probably, a considerable number of years, 


vi.—CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS. 


555. We cannot close our report without expressing our strong 
sympathy with the planters, who have struggled against very 
adverse ee to maintain the sugar industry, and with 
the very numerous persons who depend. directly or indirectly 
upon that ducere nd have severely suffered from its decay. 
Among the latter we would include not only the labourers, but 
many of different races and a higher social class, who, as clerks, 
overseers, artisans, tradesmen, or in professional vocations, have 
been cape fOHabud by the depression in sugar 

556. Our own task has been of a discouraging nature. Ourduty 
has been to inquire into the condition of a depressed and failing 
industry, and to consider if any means are possible for restoring 
and maintaining the prosperity of those Colonies that depend 
upon it, and, in any case, to suggest the establishment of other 
industries which might supplement the cultivation of sugar cane, 
and, in case of need, “provide means of subsistence for the people. 
Our conclusions will, no doubt, disappoint many who have looked 


for some immediate and substantial oe but, with the most 
sincere lee o do all in our power help t the West Indian 
co unit a have not felt E vd able- to make other 


mm 
PARARI ARS than those which we now humbly submit for 
Your Majesty's gracious consideration. 
(Signed) H. W. NORMAN. 
E. GREY. 
D. BARBOUR, 
25th August 1897. ; i 


403 
DLXXXV. , EHSPTUHNA. ENR NOTES. 


Mr. JOHN HENRY Hor , who was appointed Assistant 
Curator of the Botanic Station at Pol Calabar, in the Niger Coast 
Protectorate (Kew Bulletin, 1896, p. 147), has returned to this 
country after having completed his first term of service. He will 
spend a part of his leave at Kew in studies connected with the 

work of his department, and return to West Africa early next year. 


MR. WILLIAM ScoTT, F.L.S., Director of Forests and Gardens 
in Mauritius, died somewhat dh in Seotland on the 3rd Oct. 
Scott, after a course of training at Kew, was appointed 
rag Director in 1881, and neee Me Mr. Horne as Director 
n 1893. He had lately arrived in this country on leave after 
an absence of 16 years in the tropics, and apparently in excellent 
health. Mr. Scott was a capable officer and thoroughly devoted 
to his duties. His death will be a great loss to the Colony in 
which he has so long served. He entered upon the charge of 
Mauritius Gardens under singularly Javea circumstances, as 
his first work was to restore the havoc wrought by the hurricane of 
1893, which had nearly destroyed one of the most attractive gardens 
in the East. By dint of great zeal and energy, he had T€ 
this work and left his department in excellent order. s he w 
a comparatively young man, it was hoped that he had a career of 
great usefulness before him. His meme death will be received 
with great regret by all who knew him 


Malpighi Celebration.—The celebrated Italian anatomist and 
botanist, Marcello Malpighi, was a ieu tkt ooke and 
Grew, not less illustrious in our own coun ry. was elected 
an honorary member of the Royal Society in 1668, and in 1672 
the Society published his great work ‘“ Anatome Plantarum." 
On September 8th of the present year a monu ment to his honour 
was unveiled at Crevalcore, near Bologna. The Royal Society 
nominated Dr. Scott, F. RS. ey _Keeper of the Jodrell 
: Laboratory, to represent it the occasion. He was, 

unfortunately prevented by A $ the last moment from 
travelling to Italy. 


Botanical Magazine for October.—Cirrhopetalum robustum is a 
New Guinea species, having yellow-green sepals, yellow and 
rose petals, and blood-red labellum. The Kew plant was received 
from Colonel Trevor Clarke, in 1893. Agave Bouchei, from 
Mexico, has been in cultivation at Kew for about twenty years, 
but it did not produce flowers till 1896 ; the flower spike w as two 
feet long. Primula sinensis was raised from seed, supposed to 
have been received from Ichang, and a plant was se sent to Kew by 
Mr. Edmund Hyde, of Ealing, in December, t Calathea 
wer T eken to be a native of Brazil, was sent to Kew from 
the Imperial Botanic Gardens, St. Petersburg. The whole plant, 
except the golden-yellow flowers, is clothed with long brown 
hairs. Particular interest attaches to Pterisanthes polita, a 


14687 E 


. 404 


member of the Vine family, which has one branch of the bifid 
tendrils curiously flattened and bearing embedded male and 
stalked marginal female flowers. It is native of the Malayan 
Peninsula id Islands. The Kew plants were received from the 
Botanieal Gardens at Singapore. 


Hop Hornbeam.—Osírya carpinifolia, Scop. The death and 
consequent removal of probably the finest specimen of this tree 
in Britain, although a grafted one, has unfortunately to be recorded. 
It stood near the Hardy Fernery on lawn L (7) of the Kew Key. 
Plan. For several years it had not t been in good health, and on 
being taken down, its roots were found to have been kiiled by 
fungus mycelium. A portrait of the Us appeared in the 
Gardeners’ Chronicle for September 30th, 1890, p. 275 ; another is 
given by Loudon in his Arboretum. et TEulistiuia Britannicum 
in 1838. The species, which is a native of South Europe, Asia 
Minor, &c., was introduced to this conntry prior to 1724, as it is 
mentioned in Furber’s V w sery Catalogue, published in that year. 
The actual measurements of the Kew tree were as follows : height, 
59 ft. ; spread of branches, 68 ft. ; girth of trunk 3 ft. from the 
ground, 9ft.4in. Fruit was abundantly produced, but no perfect 
seeds were ever developed. 


Tropical Fern House.—The reconstruction of No. II. which holds 
the collection TI Tropical Ferns, was com mpleted during the past 
ummer history of the house is given in the Kew Bulletin 
for 1895 (pp. 200, 201). The east wing was reconstructed in 1889 
on the mixed system of iron and wood construction described in 
the same volume (p. 300). The west wing and transept have now 
also been reconstructed on this principle. The e ridge of the tran- 
sept which formerly did not extend beyond the main body of the 
building, has been continued across it with a great improvement 
of both internal and external effect. 'The use of green glass has 
now been altogether abandoned. 


Nepenthes House.—During the past year a house has been erected 
for the cultivation and exhibition to the publie of the fine collection 
of Pitcher plants possessed by the Royal Gardens. They require 
peculiar treatment for their successful growth, and this cannot be 
given in a house devete to a mixed collection of stove plants and 
always open to visitors. Hitherto the greater part of the collection 
could only be grown in houses not accessible to the public, and 
when exhibited was not ion to advant 

The new Nepenthes House at Kew is a light dest -roofed 
strueture built alongside the stove (No. IX.) in the T. range. It 
is 70 ft. long, 12 ft. wide, and 9j ft. high ; the ^ is soie. 


kn of hot 
pipes that are deeply placed so nee they m be partially ed 


with water if necessary. Abundance of moist heat is thus pro- 
vided, so that the plants have "i on sh sate i they enjoy in 
nature ‘provided for them. The new house has no external 


doors ; visitors enter and leave it pg doors opening from the 


405 


stove, while employés can enter through a new and light potting 

shed at one end. At present there are about a hundred speci- 

mens of species and hybrids of Nepenthes in the new house, grown 

in teak baskets, and suspended from the roof. The house was 

opened to the public October 15th. 

ne following is a list of the species and hybrids cultivated at 
ew: 


SP ; 
Nepenthes albomarginata, Lobb, Singapore. 
ampullaria, Jack, Ma laya, 


— var. superba. 
distillatoria, L. Ceylon. 
gracilis, Korth. Borneo. 


d. & Ro 
Pervillei, Blume, Seychelles 
Phyllamphora, Willd. Cochin China. 
Vesper M, India. 
elon 


— val Sooke 

sanguinea, Lindl, Malaya. 
stenophylla, Mast. Borneo. 
Veitchii, Hook. f. Borneo. 


HYBRIDS. 
Nepenthes amesiana (rafflesiana x ghar viernes 
atrosanguinea (hirsuta x Sedeni). 


coccinea (hookeriana x Phyllamphora). 
cylindrica (Veitchii x Jj 
dicksoniana arse x Veitchii). 
Dominii (rafflesiana x unnamed sp.). 
edinensis ( satiate x Chelsoni 
formosa equestre x c distillatoria). 
henryana (hookeri 
Hookerae earan x Ph A 
intermedia (rafflesiana x unname 
mastersiana (sanguinea x distillatoria). 

— var. pur 
mixta (Curtisii x northia 

ganae (hookeriana x Phyllam hora). 

ratcliffiana ( Phyllamphora x ‘sake ana). 


Stewartii (Phyllamphora x A 
Sedeni oe x unnamed 


406 


HYBRIDS—(continued.) 


. Nepenthes superba (hookeriana x Sedeni). 
Wittei (Curtisii x unnamed sp.). 
cw alis (Phyllamphora x hookeriana). 
Williamsii (Sedeni x hookeriana). 


Durian in the West Indies.—The well-known Durian tree of the 
Indian Archipelago (Durio Zibethinus, L.) has been successfully 
oduced t i in est i 


rodu 
growing in Ave ete of Dr. H. A. Alford Nicholls, C.M.G., at 
t. Arom This was originally received from Kew with 
eatery vdd lants sent out to the late Dr. Imray and to 
Dr. Nicholls, in exchange for Dominica plants, contributed at the 
private expense of the two gentlemen above mentioned. 


plants already established there was given in the Bulletin for 
July of the same year, pp. 10-12. It is gratifying to find that all 


Dominiea, in order that plants may be raised for distribution to 
other parts « of the Western tropics. One fruit was lately received 
at T but, unfortunately, it did not arrive in good condition. 

interested in the subject may see a fine plant of Durian, 
about 15 feet high, in the Palm House, where it has been established 
for about 15 years, but so far has not flowered. 


Lily culture in Natal—ZLiliwm longiflorum, sis Harrisii, 
popularly quic as the Bermuda Lily, has for some y 

een gro a large scale in Persad for the Long of the 
United States us Europe, the annual export of bulbs being of the 
value of about £20,000. The bulbs arrive in England in September, 
when they are planted i in pots and kept in frames or greenhouses 
tillthey flower in April or May. Efforts appear to have been 
— to ry Hee this lily in Natal for the European market, as 

s shown by he following advertisement, which appeared in ‘the 
Gardimés s Chronicle for April 17th, 1807 o 

* Messrs. Protheroe & Morris will sell by auction at their Central 
Sale ne on April 21st, a first biegen mental consignment of 
4,000 Lilium Harrisii, grown for so gems in Natal, where the 
habit of ined and size of flower dieci attained great perfection, in 
addition to the season of flowering being entirely changed. The 
sender anticipates that by being kept back, or by being potted and 
allowed to come slowly, flowers of hie grand lily may be obtained 
when nothing like ihem is in the m 

These bulbs were equal in size id quality to those received 
from Bermuda ; they realised about 15/- per hundred. About 200 
were purchased for Kew. These fee planted in pots and placed 
in the open air,where they grew to about a yard in height and 
seco freely in September, ue months after the Bermuda 
u = à 


ROYAL GARDENS, KEW. 


BULLETIN 


OF 


MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION, 


No. 132.] DECEMBER. (1897. 


DLXXXVI—A BUDGET FROM YUNNAN. 


The following extracts from a series of letters ue diego to 


Kew by Dr, Henry during last year give an interesting picture 
of the fascinating flora of Yunnan. Till within the feat: fow Mes 
its botanical wealth had not been suspected. r. iry's 


scientific work has only been accomplished in the intervals of 
engrossing official duties. It is difficult to conceive what results 
might not be obtained by a systematic scientific exploration of the 
country. 
From the point of view of geographical distribution, the most 
. interesting fact is the southern extension of vegetation of the 
Himalayan type. This is fused with a Chinese element purely 


A former letter was printed in the Kew Bulletin for 1897 
(pp. 99-101). 


“Dr. A. HENRY to ROYAL GARDENS, KEw. 


“ Customs, Mengtse, par Laokai, Tongking, 
“ February 23, 1897. 
* DEAR Mr. THISELTON DYER 
* [ have just returned Hae an exceedingly interesting n to 
Un country south of the Red River,in a district rule r by 
n hereditary chief, who | etc me with great kindness 
E I reached the great range separating the Red River and Black 
River basins, densely wooded with large trees (20 feet in cireum- 
ference) to near the summit, where they are replaced by thick 
bamboo jist, so that the range, which is very long, is only 
crossable by passes at different points. The altitude is 8,000 to 
et. hi 


tR 

euo Camellias, Stuartia, &c. There was a Daphne (indica ?), 
a shrub with deliciously scented white flowers, a Primula " 
the summit, Ainslica, two or three species of Clematis, &c. T 
or three An raliacee, ’ shrubs and trees, occur also up to the 
summit. 

“A very common tree was Oliver's Tetracentron pet an 
enormous tree, but with the wood little esteemed. Its fruit spikes 
were scattered every where, and its minute seeds had flown away. 


16390—1375—3/98 Wt :0 D&S 29 


408 


* I spent two days on the Red River, where ls i reti is 
tropical; the banana, tomato, Carica and Tamarind occurring 
everywhere in the wild state. The bizarren of some of e» 
fruits here was very striking. One tree (Dolichandrone Cauda- 
Selina) = long pods (2 to 3 feet) with a dense covering of thick 

rown exactly like the tail of an animal. 

* On the plateau (7,000 — 6,000 feet) between here and the 
Red River I found a curious Pr imula, with radical leaves 
besetting its base like an onion; it wucseaatelly resists the grass 
fires which here are universal, and flowers indifferently level with 
he ground or on a peduncle 6 to 8 inches high. 

“Immense evegreen oaks occurred in the mounitain forest. 

“The most interesting part of the trip was the aborigines. In 
the State, 20 miles by 20 miles, ruled over by the chief, not 
including Chinese settlers, I met with seven distinct races, i.e., 
distinct physiognomy, speaking mutually unintelligible languages, 
living apart, never intermarrying, and with different customs an 


ress. 
“ Their languages, of which I collected short vocabularies, fall 
into three divisions, Shan, Miao-tze and Lolo, all of the Chinese 
type, monosyllabic, non-inflectional. I found ‘the Lolo writing to 
My in daily use. It is apparently derived from ancient Chinese, 

y 2,000 years ago, and I have little doubt is the remnant of a 
highly civilised State. If my information is to be trusted, books 
e ioe interest will be found still existing in MS. in this 


E "real red ‘deer. bears large and small, occur in the mountain 
forests, the smaller bears leaving scratch marks on the trees, in 
which they build nests to sleep in. 

"Iba Ren id, I hope, the seeds of a friendship with the chief, 
and hop o gain much t thereby, 7.¢., an intimacy with the abori- 
singe: Thich | is a difficult matter indeed. 


“April 30, 1897. TEM own collection has already attained gigantic 
proportions. I hav mbered and labelled 660 distinct species, 
without making a porte ble gap in the immense pile of bundles 
of dried plants. I almost anticipate 3,000 species in this year's 
collection, t.e., the year finishing on Ist July. My muleteer is 
doing good work, being constantly on the road ; and I myself am 
doing everything hii. » nois of r4 miles round Mengtse 
which includes mountain 7,000 feet altitude. 

* Franchet, I believe, pt palavai s species from Western 
Yunnan to be in number, Both our collections will have at 
least 5,000 species, and I venture to predict that Yunnan, when 
thoroughly explored (say in the 20th century) will be found to 
have 10,000 species of plants (phanerogams and ferns with their — 
allies 

“The Rhododendrons have been very captivating. They vary 
in size from gigantic trees to the tiniest shrubs. The most 
striking one is apparently confined to a mountain peak north of 
here, some 20 miles. It has Moy oval leaves, about 12 inches 
long by eight inches broad, bro n the under surface, and the 
flowers are a delicate Grii saloa, quite large and very 
numerous, 


409 


“The spp. of Clematis are about 20 to 25 species; Oaks 15 
Rubus 15; Primulas 10 (these have been very disappoi nting in 


number, and none is conspicuous in any way). The Conifers 
nclude Cunninghamia, oh niles ia, Keteleeri ia, and three 
species of Pinus; one of these is P. massoniana ; another 


is very remarkable for its a ar white ces k and large 
cones, RA ur edible seeds, perhaps allied to P. koraiensis and 
P. Arma the third I have ju et os iius It is one — 
big tree ated on om top of a mountain r four graves. I 
haven't yet secured cones. It is | bone afully 3 2 aad in a ie 
and with delicate, very green foliage, and a port different from 
any pine I have seen in China 

“ Talking of soap-trees, there are two here, Gleditschia elavay, 
with its enormous pods, some 20 inches long, an 
SUM m The latter is an exact eras of Sapindus PM IR 
Of c e it differs technically in flowers and indumentum of the 
leaves, Qe t no mere non-botanist n dream of putting them 
in Eod. genera. I will send plenty of fruit of both (and — 

: eg uminosce are very numerous ; Desmodium, Lespede. 

and PUMA running riot in number of pario ^ have secured 
some very northern forms, as a Fagus, a Betula, 

“Tam inclined to think that isolation, as in Ec by its 
multitudinous ee and valleys, must MUR a great part in the 
invention of species, and the study of the flora of this 


important factors in this evolution. One of the most curious so- 
called species here is Hhretia corylifolia ; it is a distinct species, 

ut how near it is to the common KHhretia macrophylla ! if Idon't 
mistake, I think I shall get connecting links. Pari passu with 


diversity of the genus Homo. One is inclined at first to think 

that all the iia one hears of must be the same people often 
under à new That is not so; the languages are distinct, 

and the anial baratos are often very well marked, too. 

* I have two Lolo MSS. and as yet can’t get a Lolo to come and 
explain them. he investigation of this writing will throw, 
I believe, a new light on Chinese. the native languages, 
three great stocks (Miao-tze, Lolo, Shan) are of the Chinese 

pe, t.e., monosyllabic, tonal, non-inflecting, noted uin bó 
cum question of tones is a difficult e. One scarcely under- 

tand any people beginning à M UA with past an slash: 

ai as the Shan words :— 

ma to come, 

ma a dog, 

ma a horse, 
and so on in five or six ways altogether. I have an idea of the 
origin, which I won't give away just yet. What do you think ? 
Give a guess. Do you suppose such ‘hingi. as tones are original 
and fundamental, or derived and secondary ? 

“ Malay, which is poly syllabic and non-tonal connects on to the 
Chinese group by certain peculiarities which don't occur in other 
groups of visse Ps The Chinese group (¢.¢., Chinese, Miao-tze, 
Lolo, Shan, Annamese, Siamese) display one curious s sub-division, 
in some the adjective follows the noun always, in others (as 
Chinese) it precedes the noun 

16390 A2 


410 


* In addition to my own collection, I ect seine from ae 
at Lungchow in Kwangsi province, some 400 species. Som 
quite interesting. He sends me Tour efortia dae endbostas d which 
is hitherto known only as an Oceanie plant (Formosa, Mauritius, 
Philippines, Australia), and it is like us dict pies pn ni 
anth witidifolia in this respect. By the latter 
in cultivation ? He also sends me e draa as Selina, 
which I found on the Red River. Its pods are the most comic o 


Ceesal pinias have such a point ? It doesn't mean a time when tall 


hairs of fruit of Puer aria thunbergiana, at least any at present. 
The saan stick on the climbing shrub till they dehisce, and out 
drops the seed. 

"1 forgot to say that 1 have secured a magnificent sia OH 
(the flowers are not precocious). Unfortunately I have 8 


on. It would read take a dozen enthusiastic botanists to cope 
with the work her 
* The Lilies are only i ini = so far: Lilium Brownii (?), a lily 

with yellow flowers us; and a small lily with a solitary 
pink flower, and L. ibunt: The Orchids are very numerous. 
But I could go on indefinite 

“My siiki camera, “which has been four — on the 
way from Haifong to here, is just about to arrive. n you give 
any suggestions concerning the uses of pho ao aky f in botany ? 
Of course, I suppose pictures of trees like the Paulownia, just 
spoken of, pictures of curious fruits, &c., will be useful. I mean 
some good scientific line. If you can, please answer the question, 
and refer me to books or journals, if necessary, for illumination. 


pushed on from Mandalay to Kun-lon on the River Salwen, and 
that will mean another station. Already Wuchow is se on the 
West river to Canton, or, to put it pictorially, five new places on 
the five great rivers, five points of entry into Sou shar China. 
Lungchow, which is in Kwangsi, and is be Bs connected by rail 
with Haifong or Hanoi, does no trade vetotion]i d." 


“June 3, 1897.—-1 find, when I go with my pony c the 
woods, that the wild animals seem less frightened, so I g 
glimpses bipes of deer, weasels, small black ones a larg 
flying ones, of partridgen, pomt , snakes, etc. But the other 
day I Moi oe Iw a deep ravin e, with the pony 
e doz left Ent o on n ihe side of he hill above. I heard loud 


411 


and angry barking. I clambered up, and through the trees soon 
oo a great spot of orange ; it loomed so large I thought it 
t be a tiger. Further up I saw a beautiful leopard taking a 
rate look at the pony. Loud I halloed—no sign of the dog; 
the leopard skulked off over the hill. Sorrowfully I rode off, 
making much melancholy reflection over poor “ Ad Z jue pu 
To my astonishment I found him lying waiting for r 
foot of the hill, in an open space where Ke Gould ook: all pres 
He had been mauled, but not severely, by claws and teeth, but in 
some mysterious way had escaped out of the leopard’s clutch. 


“ They talk about the spots of the leopard being protective, A 
there is no such brilliant object in nature as a leopard on 
sunny side of a rocky hill. These beasts are nocturnal in ien 
and perhaps his courage was less on that account, and he let the 
dog go when the latter showed fight. How he did bark, so 
angrily! Wallace is right about the put ness of animals. After 
such a terrible encounter, the dog immediately was in excellent 
Spirits, and had quite forgotten his danger. Curiously enough, 

e pony wasn't a bit frightened either 

s ioe regard to seeds, I will do Schi I can, especially later on, 
when I shall have less plant collecting to do in our imm mediate 
neighbourhood. But n is really a difficult matter collecting 
seeds ; one arrives on the grou nd too late or too ea arly. I tried, 
6.g., to collect seeds of ps niin Serra and rhodantha, common 
plants, and reed to get a single seed. You may say, why not 
employ a nativ Ah! you don't know the Yunnanese. My 
eres, ro bl who elec plants, is the only man I know who could 
or would do the work, and even he only does about one-tenth of 
what I could do if I had his time. The others, Chinese and 
aborigines, are too lazy for seed-collecting. I have secured bui 
ue aborigine who would venture into foreign employment ; 

ie) load but Chinese before. He is my groom, and is an 

em 

“The Pm is that if one had nothing else to do, one might 
organize plans and people for carrying on such wor ut it is 
difficult for me, as I have a good deal to do. And vat I doubt 


of 
The flowers of a certain eras ylum ncm cost me three visits 
to one spot and an expenditure of six hours time 
“ Money is not what is wanted, but Pid. oceans of time. 
Nothing astonishes people at home so much as the fact, a real 
fact, that in countries like China you cannot do every thing with 
le. 


money. Patience is more valuab I can get a good deal of 
work d of Chinese on a trip, when I am with them, but not 
otherw hinese are very susceptible to weather, a shower 


Chinese p 

breaks ‘their hearts; they don’t like going into jungle, as thorns 
annoy them and tear their clothes. Now, I don’t mind 
100 thorns ; I wait till I have a lot in, then sit down and pick 
them out. 

x: bo: ihe iei the root of the matter is an absence of 
nervous Their industry, so much talked of, is unreal in 
most parts p. "dio Empire. They are not exactly lazy, but they 


412 


don’t know how to begin to work, as compared with a European. 
And as to their ever seriously fighting or competing in the arts 
of peace or war with the Anglo-Celtic race, it is an idle dream.” 


“July 19, 1897.—I would suggest, so great is the variety and 
beauty of the Chinese flora, and so fit are the plants for the 
European climate, that an effort ought to be made to send out a 
small expedition, the funds, e.g., being provided by a syndicate of, 
say, a horticulturist, a private gentleman or two, &c. I estimate 
ages would cover the expenses for two years; and what I 

uld recommend is that a man be selected who has just finished 
his botanica studies 4t Cambridge. I mean, don't send a collector, 
but a gentleman, a student and an enthusiast. 'The locality I 
would suggest is the mountain range separating Szechwan from 
Shensi, or thereabouts, eset we pene starting from Ichang in 
April and covering two 8 

“A person like me, Vit daily official work, can do little or 
nothing. We live in towns, in the midst of cultivation, and the 
distances to get to the hunting grounds are enorm and when 
we do get there we are half worn out. "There is aen. onec qu 
uncanny in the way in which herbaceous Laude disappear out of 
view after they have had their gaudy season of flowering, and 
when the plant is found the seeds are mbi or the capsules are 
empty. Such are some of the difficulties. 

* My own plant collecting, since I have been here, is enormous, 
but at such an expenditure of muscular force! It would be 
strictly paralleled by that of a bank-clerk in London who made 
excursions on Sundays all over England, and two or three times 
a year made hurried trips to the Carpathians and the Pyrenees. 
The bank-clerk would really in such a way expend less energy. 

*I have been reading your account of the Cy clamen, which 
I find very interesting. In a place like this, where one is over- 
whelmed with the multitudes of species of plants, one is 

I 


this province, and hinted at its possible wore aede but iL. dont 
think now there has been the slightest glaciation here, ge clay is 
simply a wash-out of the universal limestone, and what one finds 
here is a country which has not been distorted. FAR Merl re for an 
immense period. The country is cut up into innumerable valleys 

and petty plains and isolated peaks; and isolation seems to be 
the factor which has kept up so many different forms of life, once 
they were started. 

* Another interesting series of questions is to find out what are 
the uses of the pupipeed adaptations one sees, e.g., what is the 
use of the fur like the tail of a cat on the fruit (an enormous 
fruit) of Dolichandrone Cauda-felina, a i hall tree which occurs 
in the Red River valley. In this hot steaming valley there are 
many extraor inary fruits; now-a-days there are scarcely any 
large animals, cept tigers and leopards. But there are 
multitudes of i e "eie ferocious ants reges destroy the foliage 

of many trees for nest-building purpose 

* [ assume that everything of this kind has a meaning, a use, 
one could find it out, and people forget the part which vieles 


415 


and curious animals in former geological E have played. 
Take the question of worms I think they do serve as protection 
against animals, and are not, as regards their rss e ront when 
once developed, mere beem of climate and soil changes 

* I was quite disappointed in the spring flora here. The first 
half of the year is rainless, and, except in woods with perennial 
ee and streamlets, the whole country remains almost barren. 

is 


as coming up in the burnt grass hills is, of course, not a dodge 
odes deba pst a dodge against the drought it sustains. 

pt e point in conuection with the change in the 

cultivated Prise sinensis which is not, I think, generally 

e wild form occurs in such a different condition of 

soil from what is adopted in egisse In the Yangtze gorges 
the wild form grows on cliffs n practically earthless ledges, an 


occurs, pig get wet. I am now speaking from memory, but I 
think I am quite correct as to the habit of the wild plant. The 
ledges, often hundreds of feet in length, present a beautiful 
appearance at flowering time in the dry Sek | season. In con- 
nection with this, there is no history to be got of when or how 
the Chinese began ed eultivation of such plants, and it is quite 
remarkable how few specimens of really wild forms of many 
cultivated Chinese Vh tpe plants there are, and also curious 
how many plants called Japonica are only Japanese in cultivation, 
and are originally Chinese in origin 

* [t is also remarkable that the Chinese shrubs in cultivation 
are scarcely the ones br ee make the best show in the wild state. 
At least, that is my opinio 

* In conclusion, I can see now that there were hundreds of 
interesting points which I might have noticed earlier in my plan 
collecting if I had had the experience or the genius or the 


* [f you ever again come across a budding d like igit 
I was when we began eo some years ago, plea 
insist on him being more than a mere collector, and perhaps oie 
will help to develop a naturalist. 


= August 2, 1897.—I enclose a photograph taken by Mr. A 
d'Anty in the Upper Shan States south of Szemao. He is the 
French Consul at Szemao, and is collecting some bees for me, 
the interesting ones of which you will receive late 

* He says : ‘The palm is very common ; it is seen around vest) 
temple, and the leaves are used to make paper with, or rathe 
used as paper, being cut into long strips. In the photograph one 
can see the way the leaves are cut off for this purpose 

“ I am in doubt as to what the palm is, but doubt e you will 
be able to identify it at Kew [probably Trach, ycarpus sp.]. 


414 


“The palms used as paper are Borassus and the Talipot palm, 
according to Treasury of Botany, but it doesn’t seem to me to fit in 
with descriptions of these. 

o enclose for the Museum, if you think it is of sufficient 
aie; a sample of the palm-strips with writing on it, sent me 
by Mr. Bons d'Anty. "The writing is probably Shan, but Mr. Bons 
doesn’t say. 

“From a packet of plants sent me by Mr. Bons, collected on a 
trip south of the Chinese frontier, into the British Shan States, it 
would seem that the flora changes at once into the Indian type 
the moment the Yunnan plateau is left, i.e., it loses Chinese 


* We are having a wet summer, much more wet than last year, 
and it is very unpleasant. The plague goes on apace. I tried to 
go out yesterday to the mountains, but had to return on account of 
the heavy rains. I stayed some little time at a Lolo village on the 
pae and rested under a magnificent mulberry, the finest I have 

ver seen. It had the enormous spreading-on-the-surface-of-the- 
ground roots which I think is called Table-kind of root. 2 went 


plague, and the Pundit had fled. I hope to secure his services, 
but the Lolos are very shy, or rather, I think, are afraid to lin 
themselves with Europeans, as the Chinese suspect them then of 
ulterior desigus. The Lolos were allied as a rule with the 
ahomedans in the rebellion of no and there is no love lost 
between them and the Chinese 
“The different status of women amongst the Chinese and the 
races allied to them is a curious problem. Ancient Chinese 
poems don’ t show modern Chinese life at all. However, I must 
conclude.” 
* Yours very truly, 
(Signed) AUGUSTINE HENRY.” 


DLXXXVIL—RUBBER AND COFFEE IN LAGOS. 


The following extracts taken from the Annual Report for 1895 
on the Colony of Lagos, West Africa (Colonial Reports, Annual, 
No. 185, 1896), contain interesting information respectin the 
progress of the rubber and coffee Firas lately developed in 
that dependency. 

The rubber industry was discussed in these pages years 
ago (K.B. 1895, pp. 241-247 with plate; and 1896, 76-77) 
while coffee planting in Lagos was the subject of a ‘ies article 
(K.B. 1896, pp. 77-79). 

RUBBER. 

“ By far the most important factor is the extraordinary develop- 
ment of the rubber industry, the Apis of which are almost 
incredible. On the Gold Coast we are told that the export of 
rubber, which in 1882 was nil, had eder in 1893 to the annual 
value of £200,000. Lagos, in 1894, shipped 5,723 lbs. of rubber 
to p Britain, and 144 lbs. to Germany, in all 5,867 lbs., of the 

of £324 6s. In 1895 these figures rose to no less than 
5.069, 516 Ibs., of a total sterling value of £269,893. 


~ 


415 


* So far back as 1882, Sir Alfred Moloney, K.C.M.G., to whom 
is due the credit of starting the industry on the Gold Const, had 
suggested the possibility of a en ecm in Lagos, but it was 
not until 1894 that any progre came apparent. In that year 
the Governor of a os, Sir Gilbert Carter, K.C.M.G., issued the 
following notice 

“His Ex palloney the Governor desires to notify to the mer- 
cantile community of Lagos that he has been able to induce a 
party of natives from the Gold prod ve eie eas in rubber 
collecting, to come to Lagos, with a view to the development of 
this valuable and important industry. Y The men have already 
inspected jore A ibn bird they report to be rich in rubber- 
producing plants, and it confidently hoped that Lagos will 

shortly be able l éoth pete "with the sister Colony of the Gold 
Coast in the great export of the product.’ 

*'lhis confident hope was quickly justified. Merchants took 

T the idea with enthusiasm. With startling suddenness the 

sy-going native awoke to the fact that wealth abounded in the 
forie round him, and learnt for the first time that in sitting 
under his own fig tree he had been unconsciously reposing in the 
shade of the family bank. 

“ There is, unhappily, reason to fear that the usual result may 
follow this sudden discovery. Alre ady there seem to be grounds 
for the belief that, in so far as the term ‘rubber industry’ implies 
the intelligent growth and cultivation of the plant for profit, it 
edi a false impression of the methods in vogue in the 
inter 

5 p idiefoni tapping with due regard to the life of the tree, and 


its future usefulness, is the exception ; rubber-bearing trees are 
ruthlessly sacrificed by i aspi us seekers after wealth, and 
dead trunks are becoming a too familiar feature in the 


andscape of the productive districts. Sooner or later a purely 

adventurers will have to stray further afield, and the cost of 

transport will equal or exceed the value of the article." 
AGRICULTURE. 


“The cultivation of coffee is still in its infancy in the Colony, 
but the Ilaro Plantation Company are continuing their operations 


is the Liberian, but a few Arabian trees are being raised experi- 
mentally. 'The managers of the llaro o Company report that they 
have 150 acres planted with 50,000 coffee and 6, cacao plants, 


_ the Ajilete Company have over 60,000 of the former and 
T turning their attention to the cultivation of cacao and 
hols 
ad ne n. yam or cassava farms surround almost every native 
village, but iti is impossible to estimate the acreage so cultivated: 
Incidentally these small plots, in conjunction with a very nasty 


proximity of human habitations. Besides the all-important palm 
oil and kernels, kola nuts, beniseed, ground nuts, and piassava are 
among the produce of the Colony.’ 


416 


DLXXXVIIL—BRITISH SOLOMON ISLANDS. 


According to the Colonial Office List, 1897, p. nee these islands 
were placed under British protection in 1893, a da Resident has 
lately been appointed. His head-quarters will be at Tale a 
small island which has been purchased for the purpose of estab- 
lishing a Residency. The British or Southern Solomon Islands 
“consist of the Islands of New Georgia, peace canar, Malaita, 
San Christoval and ped islands in the vicinity of the above 
lying between the 7}th and 13th degrees of south latitude, and 
the 150th and 163rd date of east longitude. The natives are 
Melanesians. They are treacherous,and most of them are cannibals. 
There are a few resident traders, mostly of British nationality. 

large number of natives used to go to work in plantations 
in Queensland, Fiji, and Samoa, returning after the hs of 
three Feats but the number is less than formerly. 

“The principal articles of trade are copra, pearl shell, and 
tortoise shell. The climate is not a good one. 

uring the last few years the botany of the Solomon Islands 
has been studied at Kew, and oni actione of dried plants have 
been received from the Rev. R. B. Comins, Dr. H. B. Guppy, and 
from the officers of H.M.S. “ Penguin,” S eR by Admiral 
Sir W. J. L. Wharton, K.C.B., F.R.S., Hydrographer of the 
Admiralty. The more interesting plants have been described in 
the Annals of Botany we v. (1891), pp. 501-508, t. 27 ; vol. v 
eee pP 203-210, ig 11-14) ; Journal d p Linnean Società y 
(vo (1894), pp. 163- — and 211-217, tt. 9-11): Hooker's 
onas. Plantar um (th series, iii. (18 94), tt. 2907, 2247, and 2248) ; 
and the Kew Bulletin (1892, 105; 1894, 211-215 ; 1895, 132-139, 
159-161). 


An account of the present condition of the Solomon Islands is 
contained in the Colonial gara (Miscellaneous, No. 8, 1897) by 
BAY, UR 5 he t British Resident. The following 
d is extracte d :— 

* From inquiries instituted, both in Sydney and in the Pro- 
Mec I find that the exports to Sydney for 1895 and for the 
present year will stand approximately as follows :— 


{ 
Year. | Copra. | Ivory Nuts.| Pearl Shell. | Turtle Shell. | Beche de Mer. 
Tons. Tons. Tons. Cwt. lbs. Tons. Cwt. 
1895 1,200 586 6 10 891 7 18 
1896 1,383 610 8 9} 1,379 3 15 
COPRA. 


* Copra always has been, and is SAMT for many years to come 
to supply, the chief article of export. Solomon Islands copra is 
known as smoke-dried and ‘consequently does not com- 

mand so good a price by from 10s. to 1/. a ton ael b ey as 
sun-dried copra in consequence of its dirty appeara was, 
however, informed by an expert in Sydney that Balon Island 


417 


copra is particularly rich in oil, and I see no reason why the more 
usual system of sun-drying should not be resorted to. From the 
natives’ point of view smoke-drying is less trouble and they have 
become wedded to the practice, but should cocoanut-planting 
under white management be entered upon, it is not to be supposed 
that any system but sun-drying, or perhaps even the superior one 
of kiln-drying, would be followed 

“The output of pi bon uk nari NE might be very 
largely increased. I have no hesitation in ing that with the 
existing trees at least double the quantity of Eh iai ye copra 
might be produced, and this without in any bj stinting the 
natives in the.quantity they require to use food, The 
quantities of POTE and giay nuts that may be noticed at 


any time under a cocoanut grove in the Solomons is such as 
would PEA the mouth “Of a Samoan or Fijian water with envy. 
The fact is, however, that the natives have so few wants, and 


these are a "easily senate that a small proportion only of the 
crop of nuts suffices to satisfy them, and the remainder is allowed 
to go to waste. I consider that of all the natives of the Western 
Pacific with whom I have come in contact the Solomon Islanders 
of the British Protectorate are able to supply their demand for 
articles of foreign trade with the least exertion. 
n preparing the copra for sale to the traders the natives cut the 
nuts in half and the divided nuts are then smoked in a fire 
hen sufficiently dry the cup-shaped kernels come away gin 
the shell. ese are strung upon strings supposed to contain 
10 nuts each, or rather 20 abs soit The price for a string o 


the f nu when tobacco is the purchasing medium. 
During my previous residence i omons, from 1886 
to 1889, strings containing 16 o im half nuts were considered 
very good, but during the present r I saw a string containing 


so few as seven half nuts tendered pd accepted as a full string. 
In fact the natives are supplying their wants too cheaply, and the 
better class of traders have admitted to me that the imposition of 
duties or trading licenses will actually benefit the trade by forcing 
them to raise the price of their goods and so compelling the 
natives to make more produ 

t the present price of copra in Sydney I consider that if a 
tiie makes 2/. a ton profit upon the copra collected by him he 
has done very well, and off this must be taken the expenses of 
collection. 

Ivory NUTS. 

“ These nuts are the fruit ^s a palm (Mets ‘oxylon Amicarum), 
one - the sago-yielding palms. The species is, I believe, peculiar 
to the Solomons, and sees wild throughout the group in 
bidshaustibic quantity. The nuts are exported as vegetable ivory 
and are used for making buttons and sem small articles. 
Some years ago I made inquiries in London as to the market for 
these nuts, and ascertained that ae bee known i in the trade as 
‘apple nuts, and that three Birmingham firms occasionally used 

them. I was informed that the mm eint to them was the 


418 


hollow core preach the middle, and their reluctance to take a 

black dye. ore went to Germany and Vienna than to London. 

About three years ago the price of these nuts suddenly jumped 
3 


e side 
able quantity were sold, and the market probably Mesa 
Their value has now sel ass to Tus M. per ton in Sydney, a 
which figure there seems to be a good demand. The ne hos 
inflation in value was due, so I was i orma: to the Somani of a 

ienna firm, who used a considerable quantity for making the 
wheels of roller skates. 

“I consider that there will continue to be a demand for a fair 
quantity at about present prices, with perhaps occasional rises. 
Should the demand for these nuts increase, the quantity shipped 
could be very largely augmented. 


AGRICULTURE. 


“Under this head, I shall refer only to such enterprises as have 
been undertaken by white residents, native planting operations 


British Protectorate of the Solomons presents advantages un- 
equalled by ud place that I have hitherto visited js the Western 
Pacific. Situated as it is within the parallels of 7? to 11? of south 
latitude, it is tds the region of the devastating dn icanes that 
occasionally visit the New Hebrides, Fiji, Samoa, and Tonga, 

whilst it is also exempt from those long periods of drought that 


of the Rubiana Lagoon and elsewhere in New Georgia prove that 
the climate and soil of the Protectorate are eminently suited to 
the production of cocoanuts. So far the only attempts by white 
men at cocoanut planting have been by the owner of Gera Island, 
off the coast of Guadalcanar, by the Marau Company = Crawford 
Island in Marau Sound, by the same company upon a piece 0 
land of about 30 acres on pA mainland at Aola on Guadalcanar, 
and by Mr. Neilson, the trader, at Gavutu, upon his island of that 
name. The plantations of the Marau Company are at present too 
recent to have yet come into Posting) but at Gavutu, whe ere, W whe 

I left in November, 1888, no palms had been planted, there is now a 
plantation of about 15 acres in full bearing. lcan safely say that, in 
spite of the fact that the trees cannot be more than seven years 
old, I never saw cocoanut palms bearing more heavily, and this is 
the case not with selected trees but with the whole plantation. 
They are planted i in lines at a distance of 30 feet by 30 feet, a 
system which gives nearly 50 trees to the acre. The Marau Com- 
pany have lately acquired the two uninhabited islands known as 
North Island and Symonds Island, near Mara iaer d, and are at 
present clearing thet- with a view to mene plan 

“There are hundreds - small low flat islands agho the 

Protectorate composed sand and decomposed coral with a 
covering of vegetable aie most eminently suited for cocoanut 
planting, among which I may mention the long reef islands 
extending along the south coast of Malaita and several islands 
along the northern coast, especially the large island of Leile, 


419 


which has been vacated by the natives ever since the attack upon 
the labour ship “ Janet Stuart,” several islands and bays at the 
west side of Russell Island quite deserted by the natives through 
fear of the New Geor jer D hu veter numberless uninhabited 
and most fertile islands in the Marova Lagoon, the whole of Gizo 
Island and he tris islets, quite dr eu phy and numerous small 
roga near Wana-Wan The Marau Company have within the 
last tw t hire moniki commenced work upon a large block of 
land pre by them on the north a of Guadalcanar about 
six miles from Marau Sound. The situation appears to have been 
well Ar ue the land being of the first quality. lt is proposed 
o grow cacao, coffee, both Arabian and Liberian, Vanilla, and 
other products. Seedlings of the two former have been raised at 
the Company's head station at Marau Sound and were being 
des. to the plantation at the time I left the Protectorate in 

ctob 

“The Company have had some difficulty in bem. seeds of 
cacao, although the tree had been introduced to the Solomons 
some years ago by the late Mr. Stevens of Ugi. I vu d about a 
dozen trees growing in the trader’s garden at Ugi in sour undrained 
soil. They appeared quite neglected, and although bearing fairly 
well appeared to be badly diseased. For this reason Mr. Svensen 
of the Marau Company had been unwilling to use seed from these 


f 
longicorn beetle. It appeared to start its sack near the ends of 
the young branches and work down wards through the heart of the 
branch. The branches affected quickly responded to the attack of 
the larva by presenting an unhealthy appearance, so that I think 
that in a properly tended plantation ‘there w ould be no difficulty 
in keeping the trouble in check by pruni 

* The Marau Company is also xxr 3 AA with a view to 
shipment, and it is expected that the first shipment will be made 
about the middle of 1897. As Marau is one of the last places of 
call of the steamer “Titus” and the voyage to Sydney is made 
from that place in from seven to eight days, it will be seen that the 
east end of Guadalcanar isas favourably situated as Fiji or Queens- 
land for supplying the Sydney market. The irader Sheridan, at 
Makira Harbour on San Christoval, also announced to me in June 
his intention of planting bananas for export, and I believe a 
commencement has already been made. 

“ Mr. Maben, at presenta visitor to the teu: will probably 
embark in the enterprise of coffee plant 


INDIA RUBBER. 


* During the present visit to the Protectorate I made several 
experiments with a view to the production of india rubber, the 
trees experimented upon being chiefly various species of parasitical 
Ficus. I regret to usd that my experiments were unsuccessful. 
was, however, shown by one of the Aola traders, who had just 
returned from British New ide some samples ‘of rubber now 
being procured there by the natives. The say wre showed me 
the samples said that had seen the same as that from 
which they were produced growing in the "Rene Gea and from 


420 


his ic de it appears to be also a species of Ficus. The natives 
of N uinea, the trader told me, allowed the sap of the tree to 
run over their arms and body and when it was sufficiently solid 
removed it and rolled it up into lumps. "The lumps were rather 
jash than a cricket ball and it was worth to the New Guinea 
traders from 2s. 6d. to 3s. per lb. 


SAGO. 


"x species of sago palm grows wild ee oil the Solomon 
Group in inexhaustible quantities, the nuts being exported as 
vegetable ivory, as described above. So far no attempt has been 
made to utilise the sago contained in the pith of the tree. 
The natives of Shortland Island and ee ae Island understand 

e on 


pith i in salt water and bake the resulting sago into cakes wrapped 
in leaves, frequently been ihe addition of pounded almonds. 
These cakes, as I can testify, are most excellent and sustaining 
food. From their portability, they are taken by the natives 
upon canoe hie as they are not liable to damage by salt 

water and, moreover, are most convenient to sit upon. 

more eastern donent 6 of the group the natives do not understand 
the manufacture of the sago, but in times of scarcity they bake 
; pei of the pith itself, and they tell me it is not unpalatable 


* During my stay this year at Ugi, while waiting for the return 
of H.M.S. * Pylades,” I made experiments in the m anufacture of 


n axe made 

which I chipped out about a buahe] of the soft white pith. This 
I carried to a stream and grated up the lumps of pith in a bucket 
of water, I poured the resulting milky water through a piece of 
muslin into another bucket and allowed it to settle. The sago 
quickly settled on the bottom, when I poured off the water and 
removed the sago and dried it in the sun. I took the sample iis 
me to Sydney, and was told that as starch alone it would hav 
value of at least £8 to £10 perton. Even at this low price it 
might pay to manufacture on a large scale. The trees are in great 
quantity and a small apparatus for grating the pith, worked by 
water power, and wooden settling troughs might be erected at 
very trifling expense. But apart tin E any commercial value it 
may possess, the natives should be taught its use as food.” 


CANES. 


* Canes suitablefor making baskets occur every where in the bush 
and reach a great length. Some have lately been sent to Sydney 
in consequence of an inquiry for them. 


TIMBER. 


es Sanaa wood has never, so far as I know, vo found in vend 
Solomons, but a very dark wood resembling ebony is found in fai 
quantities on New Georgia, and would in Pp d je valuable for 
cabinet making 


421 


DLXXXIX.—SHINIA IN CYPRUS. 
(Pistacia Lentiscus.) 

n 1896, specimens of plants known in Cyprus as “ DA " and 
? actie " respectively, were received from Mr. . Bovill, 
Principal Forest Officer in Cyprus. Thefirstnamed was ree ac 
to be typical Pistacia Lentiscus, and apparently identical with 
the plant yielding the Gum Mastich of the Greek Archipelago, 
chiefly in Chio (the modern Scio). The “ Mastiches” was regarded 
as simply a broad-leaved variety of the same species. In some 
localities in Cyprus the trees of Pistacia d are tappe 
“ but the gum hick exudes is without colour and without taste.” 
The trees yielding mastich in Scio are said to de annii male. 
According to Mr. Bovill, gr Shinia “ grows more or less all over 
Cyprus, from the sea- level to an altitude of 2,500 feet, and most 
luxuriantly through the Bama all along the northern shore of the 
island as far as Ryrenia, all over the Rormakiti Cape from Lefka 
to the village of Peyia, and from Rouklia, in the Paphos district, 
all along the southern dini to Mazoto, in the Larnaca disirict. 
€—— €— 9 the supply is unlimited, for as fast as it is 

dui ow stools. 


t shoots up again from the 
" NI. I a sen of the Cyprus Company, Limited, Limassol, 
writing to me on the subject, says :—-' or some 


England, but thus far the demand for it is limited, and does not 
exceed 100 to 150 tons per annum. Like Sumach, the Shinia 
leaves déitafh tannic acid, but to a less postes Mid the material 
has been found of value for fixing dyes Our buye 
prefer to have the Shinia in the leaf, and we have ibd ceased 
grinding it, and now ship it in pressed esed He e 8, *I feel 
confident that a large demand would grow up for this product 
should its qualities become more widely Lowa. but epi tent 
it is rene difficuit to persuade English manufacturers to try 
new products 

Further information is contained in the following corres- 
pondence received from the Government of Cyprus :— 


THE CHIEF SECRETARY, CYPRUS, to ROYAL GARDENS, KEW. 
. Chief Secretary’s Office, Nicosia. 
SIR, January 6, 1897. 

I HAVE the honour to transmit to you a copy of a report 
which has been prepared by Mr. Gennadius, the Ct of 
Agriculture, dealing with the cultivation of Shinia leav 

Ishall have pleasure in forwarding to you copies of similar 
pamphlets as they appear, relating to agricultural or economic 
subjects 


m, &c. 
ae) gere YOUNG. 
Chief Secretary. 
The Director, 
Royal Gardens, Kew. 


422 


REPORT ON SHINTA LEAVES. 


Pistacia Lentiscus is the shrub that grows abundantly in most 
eal of Cyprus, and is called in pe LR Shinia. A cultivated 
of this Shinia which is so only met with here is the 
viata shrub of Chio (the modern ‘Scio). The leaves only of the 
Shinia have a eve cx value, as they serve as a tannic and 
dyeing substanc 

From the end of this rigid agite of good quality is made, 
and from its seed, which i en readily by goats and pigs, oil 
can be extracted which ate be good for burning purposes, and 
could, in case of necessity, be used for food as well. 

or some time Shinia leaves were exported from Cyprus to 
England by the Cyprus Company, but they were exported in 
small quantities, and, as I under euh price that was paid to 
those who collected the em was 8 para 

But the principal market for Shinia polnim is Palermo, in "a : 
to which there is cem annual omen from Tunis of about ten 
thousand tons. The Shinia leaves serve at Palermo, aa ek pos 
the adulteration ot Sumach (Jus rte sies * which is gro 
large quantities in Sicily, and is exported to England and cdm 
principally through Palermo. 

A quantity of Shinia leaves is also consumed at Lyons, 
France, as a pee pak ne for silk stuffs. 

The c e, then, we must pursue, is to get the Shinia — of 
which Tam is an Abunda yield in Cyprus, into those two 
markets. 

ry Shinia leaves are bought at Tunis by Italian merchants at 

2} francs (2 shillings) for onn 100 kilogrammes (78 okes), and 
being packed in sacks, are sent to Palermo, where they are sold 
at 4i to 7 franes (3/7 to 5/7) for every 100 kilogrammes. 

The Shinia leaves are collected from the month of April to the 
month of September. For that purpose the leafy branches of the 
shrub are cut off and laid in heaps on the ground and left there 
until they dry. Usually they dry in four or five Mh aie 

which the heaps are not disturbed, so t at as few 
ee should come into direct contact with the sun, prta 

ect is to bleach and overdry them, ibus depreciating their 
d e. 

After being dried, the branches are beaten with the flail, so 
that the leaves get detached ; the leaves are then placed in sacks 
and brought to the market for sale. Before the beating ae 


thrown away, hodine the leaves of those branches being Munt 
and burnt by the sun, are not only useless but also become 
injurious when they are rubbed and mixed with the rest of the 
produce. Shinia leaves should not be coliected after rain, because 
then a produce of inferior quality 2 obtained. 
Rs GENNAD 
Director of Agriculture. 
9th December, 1896. 


* See Kew Bulletin, 1895, p. 293, 


423, 


DXC.—SLIME-FLUX. 


An obscure disease, which appears to be I destruetive to 

oung fruit-trees, has been recen tly the subject of careful 
investigation at Kew. Originally described by Ludwig in 1888, 
it is briefly diseussed in Tubeuf and Smith's Diseases p? Plants 
(1897), who express some doubt as to the organism causing the 
disease and as to its fatal character. The following account, 

owever, seems to leave little room for doubt in the matter 


REPORT on a diseased plum tree sent to Kew for examination 
by , Spencer Pickering, F.R.S. Maucilage-flux; Schleimfluss, or 
L’Ecoulement des Arbres fruitiers. 

The colourless mucilage escaping from injured portions of 
diseased plants contains a Schizom eee Came cate arie yi 0- 

h 


Corda), the subglobose cells of which float i in the hs «ins ase 
and impart to it a brown colour. Inoculations with pure cultures 
of both these organisms demonstrate conclusively the following 
points : — 

(1.) The Micrococcus is alone capable of emu fermentation 
in the living eid ba the host-plant, and must, therefore, be 
considered as the e agent in causing disease. 

(2.) The Mieroc iade us is not able to set up a disease when placed 
on uninjured bark, however young, but does so readily and 
constantly when placed on a wounded surface of wood or bark. 

e disease is quite as readily imparted to apple trees as to 
plum tree 

Shortly after i inoculation the diseased portions of wood assume 


a reddish-bro colour, and finally become quite soft and dis- 
organised, At later stage scattered patches of bark Aa desthéyod 
from within, forming suppurating wounds through which the 


mucilage, formed during fermentation of the tissues, oozes to the 
surfac 
EU wounds present very suitable starting-points for the 
growth of various wound-fungi, as Polyporus, Nectria, ete. 
The mucilage, charged with Micrococcus and Tor ula, situated 
th 


place at the surface of two pruned branches, which presumably 
had not been properly protected by the application of tar to the 
cut surfaces. 

G. M. 


August 12, 1897. 
DXCI.—MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. 


MR. RICHARD MENTZEL, formerly a UAM of the gardening 
staff of the Royal Gardens, has been appointed manager of the 
rubber Plenum of Mr. Wolf Carlis, at Vasu. South 
African Republic 


16390 B 


424 


Mr. HORACE WALTER LEIGHTON BILLINGTON, Curator of the 
Botanic Gardens (Station) at Old Calabar, in the Niger Coast 
Protectorate, died in November, the news reaching Cannes on the 
19th. He was youngest son of the Rev. J. H. Billington, rector of 
Chalbury, Dorset. After spending three years in the service of 
the Royal Niger Company, he entered that of the Government in 
the Niger Coast Protectorate. Arriving in Old Calabar on March 
20, 1893, he created under Sir Claude Macdonald “the botanic 
station that he was just starting, ie the purpose of ascertaining 

what economic plants were su ae bof pon e non in the 
Protectorate, and to encourage ihe à em, as well 
as an erra d for them to see how neha). ies Mond be planted 
an 

His first t report, from which the above is quoted, was made to 
the Commissioner en C nsul- Meer eek oH 24, 1894. It is 
printed in the papers (Africa, No. Dp eto to Parliament in 
1895. It M duds remarkable list o f the economic plants which 
Mr. Billington had succeeded in voler together, many having 
been obtained from the West Indies, as well as the other West 
African stations. 

scheme for the establishment of the station fat been 

. presented to the Foreign Office by Kew in 1891, at the request of 

the Marquess ud Salisbu ury. The objects which Sir Claude 

acdonald hoped to coe through it are quoted in the Kew 
Bulletin for 1895 (p. 

Be e report s a dis station, the papers also contain a 
report by Mr. Billington on the botany of the country lying to the 
eastward of the iig Calabar River, and a similar report of the bank 
of the Cross Rive 

Mr. Bi lagian “had borne the irae remarkably well, m he 
resigned in July of last year, and was only awaiting the appoint- 

nt of his successor to return to En bend His untimely deat 
at "e early age of twenty-eight closes a career of much usefulness 
and promise. But as the pioneer of new cultural industries in 
the diee Protectorate it may be hoped that his memory will long 
be preserved. 


Botanical Magazine for November.—VMammea americana, 
native of the West Indies, is cultivated in tropical America for 
the sake of its edible fruit, the mammee apple. The plant in the 
Economic House at Kew flowered in 1896, but did not produce 
fruit; the figure of the latter was therefore pete: from a 
specimen in the Museum, which had been received from 
C. D. Sturge, Esq. of Montserrat. Tainia penanti ani was 
communicated to Kew by Mr. C. Curtis, F.L.S., of It 
has pale yellow sepals and petals, each with five to seven red 
nerves, and a nearly white lip. Cynorchis grandiflora, from 
Madagascar, has rather pretty flowers, and all the green age x: 
he plant are Firei with blood-red. The plant figured w 
obtained from Messrs. Lewis & Co., of Southgate. Drimia Co it 
is a new species, phina: at Kew from a bulb brought from 
Somaliland by Miss Edith Cole. Scoliopus Bigelovii is a singular 
liliaceous plant from California. The flowers give off an odour 
resembling that of decaying sea-wee 


425 


Flora of British India.—The completion, by the issue of the 
twenty-second part, of this important gal ie ide to our know- 
ledge of the existing vegetation of the world was announced : 
above (pp. 205, 200). A general index ie the whole work was 

published in November last. 


Pelican.—The bv moz of Pelicanus onocrotalus poten to 
Kew in 1896 by the Zoological Society (K. B., 1896 p. 98) 
unfortunately diteumn baa to an incurable ee in the follow: ing 
winter e remaining bird, also of the same species, had been 
given to the Royal Gardens in 1890 by the late Lord Lilford. It 
had become extremely tame and a very popular pet with the 
visitors. 

Although from time to time feather-pinioned, during 1897 it 
eluded efforts to catch it. In October last it flew away to the 
Thames, and for some time established itself on the reservoir 
of the West Middlesex Waterworks, at Barnes. All attempts 
to recapture it were unfortunately unsuccessful. It was also 
heard of at s hal. It eventually left the Thames valley and 
flew southward 

Mr. D. N. Othey, of Blenheim gian. Robertsbridge, Sussex, 
was so good as to send to Kew the following “ cutting’ ' from the 
Ken $e Sussex Post of October 16, which records the fate of the 
Sotortunss ird. is will,at any rate, serve to commemorate 
the hospitality to an interesting visitor of Mr. Perey Tew, his 
game keeper, and the “ sagacious animal" Jock :— 


* On Saturday last a huge bird was seen in Brightling Park, and 
observed to settle in the Saw Mill pond and drink copiously, as 
though famished. It took little notice of persons watching it, and 
the keeper, Mr. Hewett, arriving shortly, shot it in the middle of 
the pond. On sending his dog to fetch it out, ‘Jock’ appeared to 
shy at such big game, but after a few minutes and plenty of 
encouragement the sagacious animal seized the bird by the neck, 
- PARI his body under it, swam ashore with it on his back, 
m o the amusement of those a witnessed it. The bird is 
a splendid Specimen of the pelican tribe, in ene. condition and 
plumag asuring.9 feet 10 inches from tip to tip of wings, 
5 feet 9 j fece from beak * tail, and 3 feet round the body. The 
bill was 15 inches in length and opened to a width of 17 inches. 
Weight 21 pounds. We hear the bird has been sent to Percy 
Tew, Esq., the owner of the park, who will no do ubt have it 
preserved as a curiosity, and certainly a rarity in "this part of the 
world." 

A portrait of the pelican was given in the Gentlewoman for 
November 13, from a photograph taken at Kew by Mr. Alfred 
Craske 


Importation of Canadian Fruit.— The exhibition of Colonial 
fruit at the Colonial and Indian Exhibition in 1886, which was 
due to the initiative of the Royal Horticultural kane d led to the 
publication of a series of papers, the result of official enquiries 
directed by the Secretary of State for the Colonies, in the Kew 


16390 : ra B2 


426 


yp for 1887 and 1888. The report on Canadian fruit is one 
of the most important, and contained in e number for 
piety 1887 (pp. 4-20). The following passage (p. 19) may 
be quoted as the historic foundation of what bids fair to become 
an „important commerce : 

“The experience mini oe the recent Colonial and Indian 
Exhibition in London has shown the importance of cold st orage* 
in the transportation of fruit, poses ally of the early ripening 
sorts, and it is desirable that facilities i in this direction should be 

offered to the iyu QU. of Canada, so as to stimulate the 


he following one t from the Pert for September 25 
(1897 ) gires the sequel v years afte 
* An interesting experiment is baag Baried out by the Canadian 
iiis um with the view of taking full advantage of the fruit- 
growing capabilities of the dominion, and putting the best 
qualities of Canadian “soft” fruits on the English market in 
8 ; 


cargo reached Covent Garden yesterday, where it was put on sale 
by Garcia, Jacobs and Co. The Canadian Government have sub- 
sidised, under the system they propose to use, the owners of 
poventoon steamers running to London, Liverpool, Bristol, ne 
G w from Canadian ports, though chiefly from Montrea 

carry FIR fruit, and have fitted up on the vessels the latest E ier 
of refrigerators, in which to stow the goods. The steamship 
companies are bound under their agreements to carry the fruit at 
ordinary rates, with only an additional charge of 10s. per ton for 
the use of the refrigerators. The export of pinasi apples to 
this country has been a great AP SE but the import of the best 
class of pears, for instance, has not been a suecess. These pears 
are of the Williams orien AUR a known in Canada and the 
States as Bartletts, and are all from sound peste stock. The 
first consignment grace of 880 cases of pears, peaches and 
tomatos, and were shipped to Bristol m the stea eai * Merrimac.’ 
The ship arrived yesterday morning, and the cargo was desptatched 
in time to be disposed of at Covent Garden in the afternoon. 
The quality was described by the experts as excellent, both the 
William pears a and the peaches being very fine, but the system 
employed in packing is such as would prevent the proper eure 
lation of the contents of the cases. As a result, "rac of the fru 
was more or less out of condition. Mr. Crandall, the iva 
sentative of the Canadian Minister of Agriculture, inspected the 
fruit, and was much interested in the opinions expressed in the 
market as to the need of improved packing. There is no reason 
to doubt that the Canadian Government officials will take steps to 
instruct the produc ers as to a better method of packing. e 
best to follow is the system sailari by the Californian shippers, 
and there should then be a good sale on the English markets of 
Canadian po aey especially as it can be brought here at a less 
cost than the greater part of the fruit from France. a se 
the condition of the fruit, the prices realised were regarded 
very satisfactory.” 


* See also Kew Bulletin, 1896, pp. 33-36, 


421 


Fruits from Grenada in New York.—The following extract fro 
Garden and Forest (New York) for November 17, 1897, affords 
an illustration of a possible market for the minor products of the 
lesser West Indian Islands 

n interesting sotlociion of tropical fruits reached this city 
siint from the Botanic Gardens in Grenada, a British possession, 
the southermos island in t tede group. ent 

8 on October 23rd. A delay of ten days in oatitia 
the seh i i this port, due to the init e character of the invoice, 

ant of established rates of duty, proved fatal to many 
t ore eis ow kinds, but enough survived to give 
istinct character to the select stock in one of the fancy fruit 
on Bindodus: These West Todien fruits included especially 
jilet T i excellent pepe The tan epe and mandarins 
were superior, and sold, as did the oranges, at $1.03 a dozen. 
Among sihat ‘Citetia fruits kefin lemons ; these were less attractive, 
ing of uneven size, thick-skinned and rough. The limes were 
remarkably good, and sold for forty cents a dozen. An unusual 
offering in this city were citrons, the fruits of Citrus Mess 
familiar to housekeepers in their candied peel ; there were under 
sized green fruits, and mature ripe specimens ; the latter, bat ith 
a piece of the stem, were lemon-shaped, large as grape-fruits, the 


sapodillas, the fruits of Achras Sapota, were fortunate in showing 
o better advantage for the long time consumed in re ching 

customers, since these are at their best when more than fully 
ripened, and the grayish earth-coloured globular fruits were in 
the juicy sugary stage. They sold for fifteen cents each. A single 
specimen of the brownish i tow fruit of Lucuma Ead Was 


exhibited, and s some of the large brown nuts. Alligator pears 
were peer es the fruits lost Pifotich the d and the few bananas 
vhich were yet edible were remarkably good in quality, the 


yellow fruit of medium size having a Fick. rouny white flesh, 
while the red bananas were of especially fine flavour. The latter, 
one of the most rare of all fruits in this market, since the supply 
was cut off by the Cuban war, found eager pu urchasers at &1. 
a dozen. Several bundles of stick cinnamon also sold readily. 


Victoria Herbarium.—At the close of ar the yide of 
Victoria appointed Mr. J. G. Luehmann F.L.S,, Curator of the 
* Nationa [vernis " at Melbourne, in succession ^ pu late 
Sir Ferdinand Mueller, K.C.M.G., whose death on October 9th, 
1896, was inue e in the Kew Bulletin for that year (pp. 218, 219). 
The Melbourne Herbarium, which is termed national in common 
with other erret under th minister, must always 

the leading botanical sig teni in drwtriisdin. It comprises a: 
collections made during a long series of exploring expeditions on 
the continent of re! tralia, eri innumerable contributions 
from external sources, espec Xew, acquired through the 
indefatigable activity in Sor eapara E of Sir Ferdinand Mueller, 
the late Government Botanist. On the occasion of the Melbourne 
Centennial Exhibition, in 1888, he published an interesting 
account of the Herbarium. A building was erected for its 
reception in 1857, when Sir Ferdinand presented to it all his 


425 


private collections formed since 1840. In 1884, the Victorian 
Government acquired, by purchase, and added to it the Herbarium 
of Dr. Otto Wilhelm Sonder, of Hamburg, one of the authors of 
the F ani a Capensis who died in in 1881. 
The ourne Herbarium is of peculiar value from a scientific 
oint a view. It contains the authentic types of all the vast 
number of Australian and other plants described by Sir Ferdinand 
Mueller during a long period of incessant and pro olific labour. 
The value of the Australian collections is still further enhanced 
by their having been successively transmitted to Kew for the use 
of Mr. Bentham during the ee of the Flora Austr alenat 


grks In the preface to the last volume of that work, 
Mr. Bentham writes :—“ He [Sir Ferdinand Mueller] has regularly 
transmitted t me, arranged for each volume, the vast stock o 


to 
A atelah specim = ee d by Phe own exertions, as well as 
by the able collectors he has employed, and the numerous 
residents and other TARS whom he had inspired with a 
love for the science. The specimens, having been 
worked up, have been successively returned, and the numerous 
consignments have reached Melbourne without a single loss.” 

The Australian collections have thus a double “authenticity. 
Taken as a whole, it cannot be doubted that the Melbourne 
Herbarium, to use the words of its ipee joya founder, to 
whom it may be hoped it will ever remain an enduring 
monument, is * on a par with the very few really Erik herbaria 
in existence. 


White Willow.—A note on the Huntingdon or White Willow 
(Salix alba, L.) has already been published in the Kew Bulletin 
(1895, pp. 239-40). It was pointed out that the demand for the 
timber was so great that there was great difficulty in procuring 
suitable wood, MX for making cricket bats. The following 
additional informati ion on the subject is taken from the Timber 
News, s p rd. 1897 :— 

“ Tt oe wondered at that the best quality of willow 
über arabi for the manufactare of cricket bats has of late 
been selling at prices never dreamt of in the days of our fore- 
fathers. From 2s. 6d. to 5s. per cube foot has quite pix been 


en for *maiden' (unpollarded) willow timber, if of cient 
dimensions for the making of the best class of ba P is 
little wonder that such paying prices have ted owners of 


goodly-sized trees to have these placed on the market, as well as 

the owners of damp and not too valuable land to speculate in 

des. so rapid-growing and valuable a timber tree. Only this 

week fully 100 trees of * maiden' willow were to be disposed of 

by tender at Wickham Hall, in Essex, and it is pretty certain that 

iR cea api was unusually Zeon, and the money o ir com- 
pre 


bottoms of carts used in the conveyance of stones or brick, the 
wood having the valuable quality of tearing out rather than 


429 


splintering. But at present little, unless of very second-rate 
quality, goes for that purpose, the bat industry swallowing up 
every bit that can be procured. Fortunately, the cricket bat manu- 
facturer is not wholly depended on British-grown willow, much of 
excellent quality being sent from various parts of the Continent. 
* When we consider that the gue quality of willow timber can 
be grown on land that would be too damp for the videns farm 
crop, that plants and cuttings ca Abe ot at a very nominal rate, 
that the tree is not subject to disease, at least to any hei extent, 
grows with great rapidity, and is perfectly hardy, added to which is 
the commercial value of the timber, it is not surprising that 
farmers and landowners have been turning their attention to it of 
late, and that already a atei acreage is now under that crop in 
various parts cf the country.’ 


Calostemma album, R. Br.—In the Kew Bulletin for 1892 (p. 72) 
the introduction to Kew is recorded of bulbs of this rare an 


ueller who had received them from the Hon. J. Douglas, 
CMG. bs whom they had been collected whilst on a visit to 
Turtle Edd ds. They hous d at Kew in 1894, and proved to 
be Hurycles sylvestris. On being informed of this, Sir F. von 
Mueller took steps to secure bulbs of the true Calostemma, and 
forwarded some to Kew in 1895. These foward in September 
this year and again prove to be the Hurycles. Mr.F. M. Bailey, 
Colonial Botanist, Quee ad writes AS dees 1897. I have 
lately been over Thursday Island, and, although I looked carefully, 
I could not find ob serene i I fancy Hurycles 
sylvestris was sent it." 
othing seems to c known of this interesting species since it 
was collected in 1803 by Robert Brown, on Flinders’ voyage. It 
was figured from specimens collected by him in the Kew 
Herbarium in Hooker’s Icones Plantarum, t. 2371. 


Assam rubber in Egypt —The following correspondence gives 
the promising inpr of an attempt to produce rubber from Ficus 
elastica in Egyp :— 

Mr. Te to ROYAL GARDENS, KEW 
SIR, Cairo, May 2, 1897. 
THANK you very much for the seeds of Fic us elastica. 4 
have put in this 8 spring some 50,000 cuttings, and about 96 p 
cent. are doing well, owing to favourable weather. But, ccc aid 
: : Ag 


e need millions of trees as shade for the new agricultural 
roads, and some of them may well be rubber producers, in view 
of the fact that the present i is obtained in great measure 
through the destruction of the t 

The trees here yield more gius than those of the Chardwar 
experiment. I have posted a smali sample of the poeni weh 
The product is very uniform, and a small sample is as good as 
large one. : 

Will send you shortly some gutta from Calotropis. 

X 


Qus 
(Signed) "ERNEST A. FLOYER. 


430 
Messrs. HECHT, LEVIS, and KAHN TO ROYAL GARDENS, 
KEW 


2L TS Lane, London, E.C., 
DEAR SIR Maj - 19, 1897. 
WE have your favour of yesterday ; also a nce of rubber. 
It is equal in quality to the fine Darjeeling Assam, and if it comes 
here exactly like this sample, equaliy strong and pure, it would at 
the present moment se = at 2s. 6d. per lb., and such rubber could 
be readily sold at any t 
Always at toc service, s we are, dear Sir, 
ours, 
(Signed) Tincur, LEVIS, and KAHN. 


Laportea canadensis.—A nettle-looking plant was received last 
year from the Jardin VEL aiu at Paris, under the name of 
penn helen candicans. It was said to afford fibre db aee m- 
qua o China-grass edo ia nivea), or rhea or ramie 
(B. READ. and its cultivation has been zoomia in 
Southern France, Algiers, Egypt, &c. Fortunately, the T on 
arrival at Kew was in excellent condition and in flower. Upon 
examination it was found to be nota species of Bæhmeria, but a 
well-known new-world species, palam canadensis, extending 
from Canada to Florida and Mexico, and westward to the Rocky 
Mountains. The fibre yielded by this plant was at one time 
largely used ; latterly it ate been almost entirely forgotten. In 
Hookers Flora Boreali- -americana, Vol. II. (1840), p. 142, it is 

M 


Later, in 1865, the Abbé Provancher refers 
to it in his Flore Canadienne, p. 516, under the name of Ortie du 


a or Canada Nettle, and adds :—“ Sa culture a été tentée en 
urope pour sa fibre, mais ses eee resis sont encore doutés.” 
It is well known that many members of the nettle order are 


capable of viektnay fibre. Even the common English s stinging 
nettle (Urtica dioica) is a very ancient fibre plant, its inner bark 
affording a tough fibre suitable for many purposes, and used for 


this fibre is in Museum I., Case 102. A series of yarns prepared 
from the same plant, and ies th dae were brought to 
Kew by Mr. B. Gray, of Glenanne, 

In the Deser ‘tive Catalogue F Useful Fibre Plants of the 
World, by Mr. C. Richards Dodge, recently issued by the S POP 
States "Department of Agriculture, the following note (p. 21: 
appears respecting Laportea canadensis:—“The fibre of n 
species, before the introduction of cotton, had an application 
more extensive than at present in Sok bles where, particularly in 


Germany and in more northern c s, they manufactured the 
cloth called ortica (German, M or nettle cloth. 
It may, therefore, be safely assumed that the Canada nettle 


possesses no special merit as a fibre pom von its with China- 
grass or ramie. Further, as it possesses stinging hairs, it is 
difficult to handle. 


431 


EN MB Aa 


A. 
Aberia Caffra, as a hedge plant, 
114. 


Abyssinian dried plants, 241. 
Achyr anthes breviflora, Baker, 
280. 


— Carsoni, Baker, 280. 
Acrocomia sclerocarpa 
Acrostichum Beis nee 

subsessile, Baker, 300. 

?schynomene dissitiflora, Ba- 

ker, 259. 


— (Ochopodium) nyikensis, Ba- | Ass 
259. | 


vise abere 299. 
[GUN Bouchei 


Agricultural depression, 2 s 

Agrostis continuata, Stapf, 2 29 
— fissa, Stap, Wf, 289. 

— griquensis, Stapf, 290. 


(Falconera) Adlami, 
Baker, 285 
— — nyikensis, Baker, 286. 


Alge in the Kew Herbarium, 


Alsophila Batesii, Baker, 299. 
mmophila arundinacea, 211. 
Anastatica hierochuntica, 210. 
Andropogon orghum, var. 
saccharatum, 173. 
—) trichopus, R> 287. 


Sa ar 

Anthoxanthum dagascari- 
ense, Sta inf, 2 281. 

Anthericum (Trachy andra) ma- 
losanum, Baker 


5. 
— (Dilanthes) Whytei, Baker, 


Antigua, report of Royal Com- | 
384. 


missi on, 


Appointments, 84, 109, 240, 333, 
423 


Argentine palm kernels, 337. 

Argyrolobium ? deflexiflorum, 
Baker "953. 

-— leucophy llum, Baker, 253. 

— longipes, N. E. Brown, 254. 

Aristea nyikensis, Daker, 281. 

— zombensis, Baker, 282. 

Aristolochia s peata, 109. 

Aroids at Kew, 235. 

Asclepias curassavica as an 
insectifuge, 338. 

Aseroe rubra, plate facing p. 115, 
136. 


ssam rubber in Egypt, 429. 

Asteriscus pygm:eus, 210. 

thrixia stenophylla, Baker, 
210. 


| Australian Myrmecophilous 
`- plants, 86. 
Avena oats ge 5:293. 


-— longa, / 
— turgidula, Stapf, 293. 


B. 
Bahama giass in Brit. Guiana, 


"o Myrrha, 98. 
Bambuse: of British India, 110. 
Bandoline wood, Chinese, 336. 
Banks, Sir Joseph, Journal of, 


85. 

Barbey, Ns Abyssinian dried 
plant 

Barbados, dan of Royal Com- 
mission, 360. 

Begonia Baumanni 

Belmontia Hasna ee Baker, 
274. 


432 


Bent, ve T., death of, 206. 
-, So cotra dried plants, 
2 


— 249 : 
Berkheya Adlami, 109. 
Berlinia densiflora, Baker, 265. 
Bignonia buccinatoria, 109. 
Billington, H. W. L., death of, 


4 
Bixadus sierricola, 1 
Bleeria microdonta, e. Ë. Wright, 


272. 
Borers in Castilloa elastica, 177, 


Botanic Station, Old Calabar, 
Lig 


— "e Sierra Leone (with plan), | 
303. | — nana, Baker, 
— Stations, W. African, employ- | 


ment of Curators on leave, 
329. 

Botanical cht arie staffs of, 

— enterprise in West Africa, 
329. 

— exploration in Yunnan, 99, 
(f 

— Magazine, 84, 109, 110, 169, 

206, 207,241, 301, 333, ^40, 454. 


Botrytis corolligena, plate facing 
159. 


Bouteloua oligostachya, 224. 
Brachytrypus | membranaceus, 
188. 


British Central Africa, Flora of, 
170. 
a pes doen plants in, 209. 
report of Royal Com- 
missio n, 35 56: 
— dis, Bam busew of, 110. 
etion of Flora of, 
— So lomon Islands, 416. 
eaten at Kew, 230. 
Broo 
siot: 2. 
Butter and tallow tree of Sierra 
Leone, 320 


C. 


Cacao from Gold Coast, 326. 
Cacoucia Barteri, Hemsley, 267. 


| 


Calathea rufibarba, 403. 
alostemma album, 429. 
s fruit, importation of, 


cant Monta e, 200. 

Canna disease, IIS. 

Cape bulbs at Kew, 231. 

— Flora, 226. 

— fruit industry ISI 
Carica Papaya, 104. 
Cattleya elongata, 201 
Celosia chenopodifolia, Baker, 
“Bt 

— cuneifolia, Baker, 276. 
— loandensis, Baker, 277. 
— minutiflora, Baker, 277. 


— pandurata, Baker, 276. 


| — semperflorens, Baker, 277. 
Ceriops candolleana, gt 
Ceropegia fusiformis, Wi 

Brown 


| Ceylon, handbook to the Flora 
o 


p. 11 
| Cleome 


Chenopodium ‘bein in Aus- 
tralia, 218. 
Chestnut, Spanish, cultivation 
in Punj ab, 
Chinese bandoline wood, 336. 
Chitonia rubriceps, plate facing 
21 


115, 12 
Ohlornilytm floribundum, 
Baker, 285. 
Cirrhopetalum Curtisii, 333. 
robustum, 403. 


| Cla varia kewensis, plate facing 


D. 
epilobioides, Beaker, 


| Coffee borers, 177, 182. 


-— cultivation at Gold Coast, 
Hoa 
— in Lag 


$, 
| —, Liberiän, pibe Sierra Leone, 
314. 


Copra in Solomon Islands, 416. 
Colonial development, aids to, 
208. 


Coriaria japonica, 84. 
Cotton, cultivation in Egypt, 
102. 


Crassula nyikensis, Baker, 265. 
— zombensis, Baker, 266. 


433 


seule (Codonocrinum) par- 
vum, Baker’, 284. 
Soa argyrolobioides, Ba- 
249. 


— 'onspitosa, Baker, 252. 
x, Baker, , 292, 


-— nd peg Se Baker : 250. 
— pilosiflora, Baker, 251. 
— eho Ban er, 249. 

alida, Baker, 253. 
roton Eleuteria, 109. 
Cyathula Mannii, Baker, 278. 
— poyonp ael Baker, 278. 
cullatum, N. E. 


— lineare, N. `E. Brown, 213. 
— longipes, N. E. Brown, 273. 
Cynodon dactylon, 209. 
Cynoglossum nervosum, 109. 
Graseshis grandiflora, 424. 

— purpurascens, 30 
Cypripedium Exul, 84. 
Cyprus, Shinia in, 421. 


D. 


Deasy, Capt., Tibetan dried 
plants, 208. 
Deinbollia nyikensis, Baker, 


249. 
Dendrobium denudans, 301. 
— sarmentosum, 
Deyesieeni of Economic Botany 
n West Indie 
piian ibimus. 243. 
Dicoma megacephala, Baker, 
TH. 


— nyikensis, Baker, 

Didy mocarpus e ana, . 16€ 

iones a Ecklonis, 07. 
isease, Cann 

— Lily bulb, rn plate), 87. 

—, Slime- x, 423. 

—, Snowdro x: "172. 

Dissotis Whytei, Baker’, 267. 


Dolichos malosanus, Baker, 262. 
— shuterioides, Bake? 
i 4 


Dombeya tanganyikensis, Ba- 
ker 


Dominica, report of Royal Com- 


s 
Drift seeds from the Keeling 
Islands, 171. 
Drimia Coles, 424. 
Durian in the West Indies, 406, 
Durio zibethinus, 406. 


E. 


Egypt, Assam rubber in, 429, 
—, cotton cultivation in, 102. 
Ehrharta delicatula, Y uf, 288. 

— Rehmannii, Stapf, 28 
Engler, FIM ropical Tien 
dried plan 241. 
Eriosema cry adi c Baker, 
64. 


oum i timber for street 
paving, 219. 


Hugonis (Syzygium) masuku- 
s, Baker, 

Eunidia sp., 179 

Euonymus europeus, 167. 


F. 


* Fat hen” in Australia, 218. 
Fern house, tropical, at Kew, 
404. 


Ficus erecta, var. Sieboldii, 301. 
Fiji ivory nuts, 


Flammula purpurata, plate 
iuge 97. 


6. 
= te cologic, of Royal Gardens, 
Kew, (w “ith plates), 115. 
— of British Central Africa, 
170. 


— India, completion of, 
- 905, 425. 


— — Ceylon, handbook to, 
208. 


434 


Floras, Insular, 112. 

Flore de Juan Fernandez, H2. 

— — l'Ile de la Reun ; 

Fodder plants in British ( Guia na, 
9 


Forest products of Sierra Leone, 


France, wine production in, 201. 
Fruit, Canadian, importation of, 


— , Grenada, i in New York, 427. 

— growing at the Cape, 191. 
— industries in Jamaica, 242. 

— trade in West Indies, 352. 


G. 


Gasteria fusco-punctata, 301. 
Geissapsis drepanocephala, Ba- 
ker 


Gentiana tibetica, 206. 
Gentil, L., 333. 
eranium vagans, Baker, 246. 
Gilg, Dr. E., Avi aes African 
dried plant : 
Gladiolus ( Eugladiolus) John- 
A ker, 283. 
nasukuensis, Baker, 283. 
— se kena Baker, 283. 
nion stenophyllus, Baker, 
28 
— venu losus, Baker, 282. 
-— AONNE) Whytei, Baker, 


Gold Coast, coffee cultivation at, 


dn setosus, 207. 

Gongora tricolor, 206. 

Gossypium barbadense, 102. 

Grama grass, 

Gram matophyll um 
num 

Grenada fruit in New York, 427. 

—, 7 eds of Royal Commission, 
od: 


rumphia- 


Grevillea hilliana, 169. 
kernels, 337. 
Guinea grass in British Guiana, 
210. 


Gutta percha, extraction from 
leaves, 200. 


Gutta prins stooling of, 537. 

Gwynne n, D. T., 105; 

Gesmdhet pti squamatum, C. H. 
Wright, 281. 

Gymnosporia ferruginea, Baker, 
241. 


H. 


Handlist of "Tender 
tyledons, 22 

Helianthus giganteus, 333. 
— tuberosus, 301. 

Helichrysum concinnum, N. E. 
Brown, 266 

Hemipilia amethystina, 110. 

Henry, Dr. A., botanical ex- 
ploration in Yunnan, 99, 407. 

Herbarium, yet Se to, “REZ, 

2. 


Monoco- 


171, 208, 241, 2 
—, United. States National, ip 
Hermannia depressa, N. 
Brown, 245. 
— erecta, N. E. Brown, 245. 
— nyasica, Baker, 245. 
usce Welwitschii, 
ker, 21 
Hibiscus Combs cella) Carsoni, 
aker, 
Holland, ii i, 405. 
Holothrix orthocer: as, 169. 
Hooker, Sir J. D., 205, 241. 
Hooker's Icones Plantarum, 207. 
Hop Hornbeam, 404. > 
is he crassifolium, 86. 
[0] 


Ba- 


— longiflorum, 86 

Hypoxis ( Euhypoxis) malosana, 
Baker, 284 

— — nyasica, Baker, 


284. 
— — oligophylla, Baker, 284. 


Lh 
Impatiens zombensis, Baker, 
247 


Index Kewensis, supplement to, 
110. | 


435 


Indian Botanists, honours for, 
241. 


Indigofera fusco-setosa, Baker, 
256. 


— ri karon- 


gensis, Bake 
— eicit, ‘Baker, 256. 
— lupulina, x 254. 


— macra, Ba 
— mas ukue satin eaten 256. 
— (Spheridiophorum) micro- 


calyx, Baker, 256 

— microscypha, Bakter, 255. 

— nyikensis, Baker, 

— patula. Baker, 255. 

Inesida leprosa, 119. 

Insects destructive to cultivated 
plants in West Africa, 175. 

Insular Floras, 112. 

"pone operosa, C. H. Wright, 


— simu ulans, 302. 

Iris albopurpurea, 84. 
Ivory nuts, Fiji, 236. 

—, Solomon lands 417. 


ds 


Jalap, Tampico, 302. 

Jamaica fruit industries, 242. 
—-, report of Royal Commission, 
388. 


Jarrah for street paving, un 

. Johnston, Sir H. H., Tropical 

African dried plants, 241, 243. 

ueris of Sir Joseph Banks, 
b. 


RS 


Kalanchoe ooo rin Pep 2606. 
Karri for street paving, 2 
Keeling Islands, drift 
from, 171. 
Kei-apple as a hedge plant, 114. 
Kew as an aid to colonial 
development, 209. 
—, Handlist of Tender Mono- 
cotyledons, 229, 


rate 


Kew Herbarium, alge in, 171. 
—, Hop Hornbeam, 404. 
—, list. of Nepenthes cultivated 


at, t, 405. 
—, My cologic Flora of Royal 
Garten: (with cm 115. 
—, Nepenthes house, 404 
—, new edition of "Key Plan, 


301. 

—, — wing of Temperate House, 
333. 
—, number of visitors in 1896, 
84. 


—, Pelican, 425. 

— ‘publications, 1841-1895, list 
of, 1, 238. 

—, seed distribution, 169. 

-—, tropical Fern House, 404. 

—, visit of King of Siam, 301. 

—, water lily pond, 302. 

—, — supply, 334. 

Key Plan, new edition of, 301. 

King of Siam, visit to Kew, 301, 

Kino from Myristica malabarica, 
101. 


‘Ko Wini’ sugar cane, 221. 


L. 


Lelia longipes, 241. 
Lagos, rubber and coffee in, 


Lagria villosa, 186. 

Lan nth ., 109. 

Laportea 'canadensi is, 430. 

L'Archipel de la Nouvelle-Cale- 
donie, 

Lasiodiscus marmoratus, C. H. 
Wright, 

Lathyrus intricatus, THEMA 261. 

malosanus, Baker, 261. 

Liberian coffee at Gold Coast, 

325. 


— — from Sierra vulp 214. 
Library, additions to, 112. 
Ligustrum SAn iiia, 110. 
Lilium longiflorum, var. Harrisii 
from Natal, 
Lily bulb disease (with plate), 
87. 


426 


Lily culture in Natal, 406. 

Lissochilus milanjianus, 301. 

List of Kew publications, 1841- 
1895, 1, 238 


— — Nepenthes cultivated at 


Kew, à 
Long Reign eal PR EL 240. 
Lugard, Lieut. E. J., Tropical 
frican dried plants, 242. 
—, Major F. D., Tropical African 
dried plants, 242, 
Lycoris squamigera, 301. 


M. 


Macaw palm CON 337. 
ew Guinea 


12, 
Machilus Thuaber gii, 336. 
we mei osiers from, 3 
Mahon 
Malai, "Lieut., Tibetan dried 


ET 
Mdrpighi Celebration, 403. 
Mammea americana, 424. 
Marram grass, 211. 
Maxillaria pui En 207. 
— vn 
Mead 


168. 
Memecylon flavovirens, Baker, 
268 


Mentzel, R., Tur 

Mesquite grass, 226. 

Metallonotus denticollis, 188. 

Mexican whis 

Microcharis Nen os 
Brown, 258. 

Montserrat, report of Royal 
Commission 


" Galpini, 


382. 
Mycologic Flora of Royal Gar- | 


dens, Kew, (with plates), 115. 
Myrmecodia Antoinii, 86, 110. 
E ae 
— Rumphi i, 86. 
Mirnen M plants, Aus- 
tralian, 
Myrrh, 98. 


labari kino from, 


110. | 
; Bir B. retirement of, 


N. 


Natal, lily culture in, 406. 
Nepenthes cultivated at Kew, 
list of, 405. 
— house at Kew, 404. 
New garden plants, Appendix 
i 
— Guinea dried plants, 112. 


> 
Niger Coast Protectorate Bo 
tanie Station, 113. 


O. 
Obiin notices, 169, 206, 403. 


|! Ochna longipes, Baker, 247, 


— shirensis, Baker, 247, 
Old Calabar, Botanic Station, 
113 


Oncinotis Batesii, Stapf, 272. 
Orange and Lemon borers, 177, 
186. 


Osiers from Madeira, 338. 


| Ostrya carpinifolia, 404. 


P. 


| Palm kernels, Argentine, 337. 
Kew, 23 


Palms at 

Panicum maximum, 210. 

— muticum, 209. 

Papain, 104. 

ars grass in British Guiana, 


paar heliocarpum, 110. 


| Parinarium (Sarcostegia) flori- 


bundum, Baker, 265 
Pelargonium Whytei, Baker, 
246. 
Pelican at Kew, 425. 
Se es peti Kir- 
kii, Sta 
Padi VER 320. 
oe Buchanani, Baker, 


— heracleoides, Baker, 268. 
— valerianefolium, Baker, 269 


437 


Phaseolus semi-erectus in Brit. 
Gui : 

Phylloxera, effects of,in France, 
202. 

eed A., Tibetan dried plants, 


pilus floribunda, Sia 280. 

Pistacia Lentiscu 

Pittosporum cover Baker, 
244, 


— oblongifolium, C. H. Wright, 
243. 


Plantago tanalensis, Baker, 276. 
Polygonum baldschnanicum, 
301 


— (Po nyikense, baker, 


Polspodidin ghe cae 8) 
Sine lense, Baker, 299. 
- (Eupoly pod uti) forsy thi- 
anum, Baker, 300. 
— (Grammitis) microphyllum, 
Baker, 299. 
— (Grammitis) tanalense, baker, 
300. 


Prices of home-grown timber 
for 1896, 97 
Primula farinosa in the Andes, 


— sinen nsis, 403. 

Prunus sub-hirte lla, 84. 

Psilostachys Kirkii, Baker, 279. 

Psilotrichum concinnum, Bak er, 
9, 


— debile, Baker, 219. 

— rubellum, Baker, 276 9; 

— trichophyllum, Baker ; 219. 
Pterisanthes polita, 403. 


R. 


Raiz de Zacaton, 172. 

Renenthera Storiei, 241. 

Rhaphidophora africana, N. E. 
Brown, 286. 

— pusilla, N. E. Brown, 286. 

Rhizopus necans, Mass. (with 
plate), 

S ynchosia divaricata, Baker, 


Rhynchosia ee 
floribunda, Baker, 262. 
— imbricata, Biker. 263. 


— nyikensis, ba à 

z sphærocephala, / Baker, 264. 

Rhytisma acerinu 40. 

ies double, UA 

Ridley, H. N., drift seeds from 
m Kelmi Islands, 171. 

Rose of Jericho, 21 

Roth, Dr. J. R; 

Rubber mae as in ‘Lagos, 414. 

—, Assa 2 

— ' collecting in D Brie Leone, 
319. 

— in Solomon Islands, 419. 

Rumex hymenosepalus, 200. 


S. 


Sago in Solomon Islands, 420. 

St. Kitts-Nevis, report of Royal 
Commission, 3 

— Lucia, report of "Royal Com- 


ion, 375. 
— Vincent, report of Royal 
Commission, 377. 
Salix alba, 428. 
Sansevieria a from 
Leone, : 
Scheelea ‘leas 335. 
Schistostephium artemisiz- 
folium, Baker, 2 
— microcephalum, Baker, 270. 
Scitamines at Kew, 230 
Sclerotinia Galanthi, 172. 


Sierra 


Screw pines at Kew, 234. 

Seed distribution at Kew, 169. 

Seeds of herbaceous plants and 

of trees and shrubs available 

for Mie Appendix L 

Selinus planus, 1 

Senecio (Kleinin) antitensis, 
Baker, 2 

— AUN)" ny ikensis, Baker, 


— Smithii, 206. 


438 


Sericocoma Welwitschii, Laker, 
78. 
Seychelles, Vanilla cultivation, 
113. 


Shinia in Cyprus, 421. 

Sierra Leone, Botanic Station 
(with plan), : 

— — butter and tallow tree, 320. 

— —, forest products of, 318. 

— —, Liberian colied from, 314. 

— —, rubber collecting in, alg, 

Siam, King of, visit to Kew, 301. 

Slime-flux, 423. 

Smithia eee congesta, 
Baker, 25 


— C otadliya) drepanophylla, 
Baker, 260. 

— riaa sphærocephala, 
Baker 


Sno ker Sie diode. 172. 

sates dried plants, 242. 

Solanum  nakurense, tice cd 
Wright, 275. 

Solomon Islands, 416. 

Sorghum sugar, 1 

Spanish chestnut, cultivation in 
Punja à = 

Spindle tree, 167. 

ym of Dele Departments, 

of, Appendix I 

Pie: id Lieut. -General, 241. 

Strobilanthes callosus, 24 

se a improvement of, 

7 


— cane, grafting, 221 
— —, improvement of, 317. 
m, 173. 
— trade, West India, 92. 
Swertia nummularifolia, Baker, 
14. 
Syringa amurensis, 207. 


Syringodea luteo-nigra, Baker, 
1. 


8 


T 
Tachiadenus parviflorus, Baker, 
274. 


Tainia ehe 424. 
Tampico Jalap, : 


Tecoma Whytei, C. H. Wright, 
215. 

Temperate House, new wing of, 
333. 


Tender Monocotyledons, hand- 


91. 
Tephrosia i Pi dissitiflora, 
Bakes 


— — ISDN lyx, Baker, 258. 
— — nyikensis, Baker, 951. 
— — perieulosa, Bak er, 258. 
— zombensis, Baker, 251. 
‘Towne: W., 84. 
hurston , Sir J., death of, 169. 
Tibetan dried plants, 208. 
Timber, home-grown, prices for 
1896, 97. 
Tobago, "uon of Royal Com- 
mission 
TT ianthema ny asica, Baker, 268. 
Trichocladus malosanus, Baker, 
266 


Trichopteryx acuminata, Stapf, 


— annua, Stapf, 298. 

— camerunensis, Stapf, 296. 

— flavida, Stapf, 298. 

— gigantea, Stapf, 295. 

— hordeiformis, ee 297. 

— nigritiana, Stapf, 297. 

— ramosa, Stapf, 298. 

Trinidad, report of Royal Com- 

ission, : 

Tristachya biseriata, Stapf, 295. 

— glabra, Stapf, 294. 

— tuberculata, oar 294, 

Tristania laurina, 206. 

Tropical poses dried plants, 
24]. 


U. 


United States National Her- 
barium, 204. 
Uredo Cannse, 175. 


439 


SA 
Vanilla cultivation in the Sey- 
chelles, 
Veit Sons, New Guinea 


ch & 

dried plants, 112. 

Veitchia Joannis, 236. 

Vernonia humilis, C. H. Wright, 
269. 


Veroniea balfouriana, 333. 
— diosmefolia, var. trisepala, 
24] 


Victoria Herbarium, 427. 

— regia, 

Vigna malosana, Baker, 261. 
Visitors to Kew, number of, in 
Vitis (Cissus) 
pins 


apodophylla, 


rasta ensis, Baker, 249. 
M me ATA Baker, 948. 


W. 


Water Lily pond, 302. 

— supply at Kew, 334. 

Weihea malosana, Baker, 267. 

Wellby, Capt., Tibetan dried 
plants, 208. 


West Africa, botanical enter- 
prise in, 329. 

— —, destructive insects, 175. 

— India ommission, 
109, 339. 

— — sugar trade, 92. 

— pipes Durian i in, 406. 

osed Department of 

y, 990. 


White Willow, 428. 

Whitney sugar cane, 22]. 

Whyte, A. "Tropical African 
dried plants, 241, 243. 

Willow, White, 498, 

Wine e production i in France, 201. 

Wistaria chinensis, var. multi- 
juga, 169 


E 


Yellow Bamboo sugar cane, 221. 

Yuccas, Aloes and Agaves at 
ew, 231. 

Yunnan, a budget from, 407 

—, botanical exploration in, 99. 


Z. 


Zamia obliqua, 301. 


| 


| 


16390 


ROYAL GARDENS, KEW. 


BULLETIN 


OF 


MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION, 


APPENDIX I.—1897. 


LIST OF SEEDS OF HARDY HERBACEOUS PLANTS 
AND OF TREES AND SHRUBS 


The following is a list of seeds of Hardy Herbaceous Annual and 
Perennial Plants and of Hardy Trees and Shrubs which, for the most part, 
have ripened at Kew during the year 1896. These seeds are not sold 

to the general public, but are available for exchange with Colonial, 
Indian, and Foreign Botanic Gardens, as well as with regular corre- 
spondents of Kew. No application, except from remote colonial posses- 
sions, can be entertained after the end of March. 


HERBACEOUS PLANTS 


Abromia umbellata, Zam. Cali- | Achillea—cont 
fornia. ligustica, All. Eur., Orient. 


Acaena — cam Ruiz § aee ga Northern 

C nobilis, L. Europe. 

macrostemon, Hook. f. N. Due 2. bae 
donan hemisphere. 

microphylla, Hook. f. N. rapeste Minter. Calabia. 
e setacea, Waldst. & Kit. 

myriophylla, Lindl. Chili. Barope: 

ovalifolia, Ruiz & Pav. Peru, hygetis, Bose" Held. 
paw : . E. Europe. 

ie Ruiz 4 Pav. dabii Jic Jr Koi. Greece. 

ili. 


Sanguisorbae, Vahl. New Zea- germ ferox, Wall. Himalaya. 
eterophyllum, Wall. Hima- 


sericea, Jacq. Mexico. dye. 
oifal "» Lycoetonum, L. Europe, &c. 
Acanthus longifolius, Poir. S. Napellus 4. e honiipbere. 
Europe. 
bum. 
Achillea Ageratum, Z. Europe. orientale, Mill. Caucasus. 
ilid. - S. -E. palmatum, D. Don. Himalaya. 


decolorans, Schrad. aa Acroglochin chenopodioides, 
filipendulina, Zam. Orie Schrad. Asia. 
u 94414. TSN]. Wt. 123. A 


Actinolepis coronaria, A. Gray. 
California. 


Actinomeris squarrosa, Nutt. N. 
America. 

Adesmia muricata, DC. Chili, &e. 

Adlumia  eirrhosa,  Rafin: N. 
America, 


Adonis pyrenaica, DC. Pyrenees. 


JEgopogon Lr den — 21 
Bonpl. Trop. Ameri 


pee men 
Spreng. Orient. 


grandiflorum, Boiss. § Hohen. 


ersia. 
saxatile, R.Br. 


S. Europe. 

Agrimonia Eupatoria, Z. N. 
emisphere. 

hi Kunze. | Origin 


odorum “Mill, Europe. 
Agropyron 
Eer 
dasyanthum, Ledeb Russia, 


desertorum, Schult, Siberia. 
glaucum, Roem. & Schult. 


caninum, Beauv. 


urope. 
pungens, Roem. & Schult. 
Là 


hes 
yenanthum, Godr. 
whedon Vasey. N. America. 
Agrostis a L. Europe. 
— var. gigantea, Roth. 
— var. E Solian; GB 
nigra, With, Europe. 


vulgaris, With. Temp. 
regions. 

Ajuga | Chamaepitys, Schreb. 
Europe, &c. 


Alchemilla alpina, Z. N. hemi- 
ene Bab... Na. W 

= Schum. Alps, Pyrenees, 

anton, Christ, Switzer- 

(00 veris, Zx Europe. 

Alisma Plantago, Ls Europe, &c. 


a oo 


Allium rn i L. 
urope, Orien 
angulosum, Z. Siber 
atropurpureum, Waldst. & 
it. Hungary. 
Babingtoni, Borrer. Britain, 
|| bauerianum, Beker. Orient. 


— ata Fisch. & Mey. 
Per 


Siei L. Europe. 

cyaneum, Regel. China. 

Cydni, Schott § Kotschy. 
sia Minor. 

Fetisowi, Regel, Turkestan. 

fistulosum, Z. Siberia. 

flavum, Z. Europe. 


erem Regel. Central 
hymenorrhizun, Ledeb 
Persia, 


kansuense, Regel. China: 
karataviense, Hegel. Turkes- 


orientale, Boiss. Asia Minor, 
ostrowskianum, Regel, Turk- 


polyphyllum, Kar. 6 K, 

pulchellum, Don. Europe. 

dece L. Mediterranean 

region. 

Arum Des Woo N 
hem 

— var. eios EAr 

scorzoneræfolium, Red. S. 
Europe. 

senescens, L. Europe, Siberia. 

siculum, Ueria. Sicily, &c. 

subhirsutum, Æ. Europe. 

cc eee Salzm. S. W: 


Central 


N. 


Suworowi, Regel. 
Asia. 
e Bex dutes 


Victoris, : — Si- 
beria, &c 


Alopecurus arundinaceus, .Poir.. 
urope, &e. 
geniculatus, LZ. N. hemi- 
sphere. 
pratensis, L. N. hemisphere. 


„Althaea cannabina, L. RS 


ficifolis , Cav. Dalmatia. 

pallida, Waldst. & Kit. 
urope. 

rosea, Cav, 


rient. 
sulphurea, Boiss. & Hausskn. 


: fauritionsis, DC. Dalmatia. 


argenteum, Vitm. 
ro 


Alyssum 
Europe. 
creticum, L. 


Crete. 


maritimum, Lam. Europe. 


montanum, L. Europe, Orient. 
orientale, Ard. Greece, &c. 

podolicum, Bess. Europe, 
&c. 


pyrenaicum, Lapeyr. Pyre- 
saxatile, L. Europe, 


Amaranthus ee L. Tropies 
of Old Wor 


hypochondriacus Ld. 
America 
Rese 8, L. N. America. 


socios. udi. India, &e. 
Ambrosia trifida, L. N. America. 
Amethystea caerulea, L. Siberia. 


Ammophila arundinacea, en t. 
Europe 


and N. Americ 
Amsinckia intermedia, Fisch. ¢ 
Mey. California. 

Amsonia Tabernaemontana, Walt. 
N. America. 
Anacyclus radiatus, Loisel. Medi- 

terranean region, 
Anagallis arvensis, LZ. Europe, 
io d 


e. 
— var. carnea, ( Schrank). 
— var. caerulea, (Schreb.). 
Anchusa italica, Retz. Mediterra- 


nean region : 
officinalis, Ne Europe. 


Androsace filiformis, Retz. N.Asia, 
N, America. 
lanuginosa, Wall. Himalaya. 
nana, Horn. Europe. 
Andryala ragusina, Z. Mediter- 
'anean region. 
varia, Lowe. Madeira. 


Anemone decapetala, Z. N. 


multifida, Poir. N. America. 
pratensis, Z. : 
Pulsatilla, Z. Euro 
rivularis, Buch- pe Hima- 
sylvestris, L, Europe. 
Angelica dahurica, Maxim. E. 
Asia. 


Anoda hastata, Cav. Mexico. 
Wrightii, Gray. Mexico. 


Anthemis. carpathica, - Willd. 
meS &c 
montana, L. pst ape &c, 


nobilis, ze Eur 
var. discoidalis, Hori 
peregrina, L. Mediterranean 
iie 
toria, Z. Eur 
lamfe, DC. ay 
Anthericum Liliago, L. S. Europe, 
N. Afric 


— var. sities: Buh R, 
ramosum, L. Europe. 


Anthoxanthum Puis: x M & 
Lam 


e, Europe 
Anthriscus nius Hoffin. 
Europe, Asia. 


Anthyllis Vulneraria, Z. Europe, 
&e. 


Antirrhinum Asarina, Z. Italy. 
j M 


editerranean 
region. 
nuttallianum, Benth. Cali- 
ornia. 


Orontium, Z. Euro rope. 
rupestre, Boiss. $ Reut. Spain. 
siculum, Mill. Si E 
tortuosum, Bosc. W. Mediter- 
 ranean Sert 

A 2 


Apera interrupta, Beauv. Europe, 
Ke. 


Aphanostephus arkansanus, Ay, 
Gray. Texas. 


Apium graveolens, Z. Europe, &c. 
Aquilegia chrysantha, Gray. New 
Mexico. 
Vx uec James. N. W: 
A 


flavescone,9. Wats.California, 
glandulosa, Fisch. Siberia 
vulgaris, L. Europe. 


A is 31.2.4 , Stev TUE SATA 
region, &c. 
alpina, se: Europe, N. 
Amerie: 


bellidifolia, ne Eur 
blepharophylla, nie $ Arn. 
aliforn 
Spie DC. S. France. 
hirsuta, Scop. var. cian 
eurl. Euro 
eee, omen R- 


lucida, L. Europe. 
muralis, Bert. var. rosoa, DC. 
Eur 


Irope. 
petraea, Lam. N. temperate 
Siu, o Jacq. Alps, &e. 
Soyeri, Reut.& Huet. Py- 
renees. 
Stelleri, DC. var. japonica. 
apan, 
stricta, Huds. Europe, &c. 
Turezaninowii, Ledeb. Si- 
beria. 
Aralia cachemirica, Decne. Hima- 


aya. 
cordata, Thunb. Japan. 
Archangelica officinalis, Hoffm. 
Europe, &c. 
ves mA Bernh, Europe. 
otschyi, Hort. 
pit, ` Bernh. Europe 
nemorosum, Lejeune. Europe. 


Arenaria balearica, Z. Balearic 


sles. 
Facchinii, Hort. Kew. Tyrol. 
fasciculata, Gouan. Europe. 
er Fries. Eu rope. 


, Arenaria—con 
grandit 
e 


Schrad. E. 
Asia. 


grandiflora, L. Euro ope. 

gypsophiloides, L. 
Minor, &c. 

hirta, Wormsk. 

mies eue L. Eur 


Asia 
N. Europe. 
rope. 
&c. 


montana, pain, 
pinifolia. Bieb. Caucasus. 
pii rt, Ramond. Py- 


nees, 
veria, L. Europe, &c. 
Argemone mexicana. 


platyceras, Link § Otto. 
Mexico. 


Armeria caespitosa, Boiss. Spain 
juncea, Girard. S. France 
cim Willd. Portugal, 
maritima, Willd. Eur 


a. 
plintagniéa, Willd, Europe. 
pungens, whe & Link. 
Portug 
Arnica rend T Europe, N. 
Asia. i 


A 


avenaceum, Beauv 
Europe. 
Artemisia annua, Z. E. Europe, 
N. Asia. 


Arum italicum, Mill. Europe. 


Asclepias  incarnata, Z. 
Ameri 
speciosa, Torr. No W: 
America. 


Asparagus officinalis, Z. Europe, 
&c. 


Asperella hye Willd. N. 
inak 


Asperula e Jaub. & Spach. 


Ae 
galioides, Bieb. d &c. 
tinctoria, £L. Eur 


Asphodeline iria, Reichb. 
S. E. Europe. 
Asphodelus albus, Willd. S. 


urope. 
fistulosus, £L. Mediterranean 
region. : 


Aster acuminatus, Michr. N. 
merica. 
alpinus, Z. Europe, N. Asia. 
Amellus, Z. PAD , &c. 
corymbosus, Ait. N. America 
Curtisii, A. Gr. . America 
dahuricus, Benth. Siberia 


glaucus, Torr & Gray. 


America 
N ovi-Belgii, L. N.America. 
puniceus, Z. N. Ameri 

var. lucidulus, Gray 


umbellatus, Mill. N. America, 

— var. latifolius 
an mte T N. 
Arctic region 
L. Meditarearsen 


and 


Spa 
chinens 
Ee Lindl Hima- 


aya. 

Cicer, L. S. E 
Crotalariae, 

America. 
frigidus, A.Gray. N.A 
glycyphyllus, L: Fue, de 
kahiricus, Orie 
pentaglottis, L. 

ranean region 


Astrantia Bicbersteinii, Fisch. & 
ucacus. 


A ag. N. 


"Méditer- 


ey. Ca 
major, L. Euro 
— var. carinthiaca, (Hoppe). 
Athamanta cretensis, L. S. Europe. 
Atriplex Babingtonii, Woods. 
Euro 


sibirica, L. Siberia. 
Atropa Belladonna, Z. Europe, &c. 
Aubrietia deltoidea, DC. S. 
— var. gruéca, ( Griseb.). 


— var. Leichtlinii, Hort. 
— var. Richardi, Hort. 


Aubrietia—cont. 
erubescens, Griseb. Greece. 
gracilis, Sprun. Greece. 


Avena pratensis, Z. Europe, 
Siberia. 


pubescens, EE ias &e. 
sativa, L. "Cultiv 


Baeria Lr. Gray. W. Cali- 
platrearpha A. Gray. Cali- 
forn 
Baptisia snis I HP N. 
America 


Barbarea tátesietis Bor. Europe. 
praecox, R.Br. Europe. ; 
vulgaris, vB Europe, 

T Asia. 
Basella rubra, L. Tropics. 
Beckmannia erucaeformis, Host. 

N. hemisphere. 

— var. mS Scrib. N. 

Amer 


Beta trgyris; Waldst. $ Kit. E 
Europe, Asia Minor 
vulgaris, L. Euro urope, Africa, 
&c. 


Bidens beri L. N. Temperate 


Scu mee oA N. America. 
grandiflora, Balb. pee 
leucantha, Willd. West 


I i 
tripartita, L. N. Temperate 
regions. 
mac ciliata, DC. S. Europe. 
papier L. Mediterranean 
— E PT L. Europe. 
Blumenbachia insignis, Schrad. 
Monte Video. 


Bocconia pace Willd. China & 
Japa 


microcar sp. Maxim. N 
Chin 
Boltonia dicun L'Herit. N. 
merica. 
incisa, Benth. Siberia. 
Borago officinalis, L. Europe, Asia 
Minor. 


Bouteloua oligostachya, Torr. N. 
America. 


Boykinia rotundifolia, Parry. 
California. — 

Brachycome ' iberidifolia, Benth. 
Australia. 


eid ies distachyum, Beauv. 
rope, &c. 


tae n, Beauv. Europe. 
sylvaticum, R.§ S. Europe, 
&c. 


€ Aver e L. Old World. 
chi 


rope. 
juncea, Coss. ‘Temperate and 
tropical Asia. 
nigra, Koch. Old World. 
oleracea, Z. Europe. 
Tournefortii, Gowan. Medi- 
terranean region. 
Briza media, Z. Europe, &c. 
minor, L. Europe, &c. | 
Brodiaea grandiflora, Sm. N. W. 
merica 
pedunenlaris, S. Wats. Cali- 
Buenos 


uniflora, Baker. 
Ayres. 


Bromus adoénsis, Hochst. Abys- 
sinia. 
albidus, Bieb. Caucasus. 


asper, Murr. Europe, &c. 
kii tian Buckl. N. W. 


rica. 
brizneformis, Fisch. & Mey. 


ciliatus, T. N. America. 


x ^ 

Kalmii, A. Gray. N. Amer 

macrostach ys Doy. Mediter- 
ranean reg 


madritensis, ES Europe &c. 
maximus, Desf. Europe, &c. 
- Gassone vt » 

L. Europe, &c. 
raped Jord. Europe. 
sterilis, Z. Europe, &c. 
Tacna, Steud. Peru. ` 
tectorum, L: Europe, Asia. 
vit H. B. & K. South. 

Am 


—À demissa, L. Peru, c. 
elata, L. Peru 


-Bryonis dioit om Europe. 


Bulbine annua, Willd. Cape of 
Hope. 


Bulbinella Hookeri, iia 
Hook. f. N. Zealan 


Buphthalmum pto didor um, L. 


- urope. 
"enlicifolium, i S. Eur k 
speciosum, Sehi eb. Europe 


Bupleurum aureum, Fisch. E. 


urope. 
Candollti, JVall. Himalaya. 
op toting, L, Europe. 
rigidum, Z. W. Europe. 
_ rotundifolium, L. Europe, &c. 


Butomus. umbellatus, Z. Europe, 
&c 


Cakile maritima, Scop. Europe. 
epigeios, . Roth. 
&c 


varia, Beauv. Europe, &c. 
Calamintha Acinos, Clairv. Europe, 
&c. 


Calamagrostis 


merce tit Benth N. tem- 
perate regio 
grandiflora, tick: Europe. 


Calandrinia grandiflora, Lindl. 


pilosiuseula, - aaa Chili. 
mbellata, C. Chili. 
Gus" mexicana, Benth. 
o. 


Calendula officinalis, £. S. 


urope 
sulfates Vahl. W. Medi- 


terranean region. 


Callirhóe iet A. Gray. N.W. 
Americ 


Caltha emer L. N..hemi- 


sphere 
— var. minor, Syme. 
Camassia v Hort. Origin 


unce 
-Cusickii, "S. Wats, A. 
esculenta, 
- America. 
Fraseri, Torr ON America. 
-" Leichtlinii, s. Haie Osli- , 
fornia. : 


Camelina sativa, Crantz. Europe, 
&c. 


- Campanula ote Willd. 


Sibth. $ Sm 
reece, 
— var. alba. 
— var. attica (Boiss. § 
eldr s Greece. 


, &c. 
— var. macrantha, (Fisch.). 
— var. versicolor, (Sibth. & 


m. 
latiloba, DC. Mite 
Medium, L. S. Europe. 
persicifolia, L. Europe, &e, 
— var. alba. 

pulla, Z. Europe. 
pyramidalis, L. Europe. 


ramosissima, Sibth. & Sm. 
reece. p 

ee oe x Europe, 
&e. 7 

reuteriana, Boiss. & Bal. 


Asia Minor, &c. 
rhomboidalis, A Europe. 
rotundifolia, L. N. temperate 


region 
Scheuchzeri, Vill. din 
sibirica, 

Willa. ) 


. Europe 
— var. divergens, 


E agone Adans. Medi- 
n region, &c. 
ini; gis kis E. Mediter- 
ranean re 
impatiens, L "dici &c. 
Carduus crispus, L. Europe, &c. 
L. Europe, &c 
halus, 


tenuiflorus, Curt. Europe, &c. 


dae nied Boott, N. America, 
N. temperate 
‘seston 
Crus - ere: Shuttl. N. 
America. 
depauperata, Good.Europe,&c. 
divulsa, Good. N. temperate 
regions 
flava, L. N. temperate regions. 
— var, viridula. 
fusca, All. Europe, &c. 
hi 


hordeistichos, Vill. Europe, 


e. 
leporina, Z. N. temperate 


paniculata, -Z. Temperate 


ons. 
pendula, Huds. Europe, &e. 
sylvatica, Hu 

ree Good. Europe, 


&ibuléidos, Wahlenb. N. 
vulpina, rA Europe, &c. 
vulpinoidea, — Miche. N. 
.— America. 

Carthamus flavescens, Willd. Asia 

ius, L. Europe, &e. 
tinctorius, Z. Europe, &c. 
Carum | ntes eroi Koch. 
,; we. 
Carvi, L. Europe, &c. 
copticum, Benth. & Hook. f. 
Europe, &e. 
Petroselinum, Benth. & Hook. 
. Old World. 
rigidulum, Koch. Europe. 

Catananche caerulea, Z. W. Medi- 

ean region. 

Caucalis daucoides, L. Europe, &c. 

Cedronella mexicana, Benth. 

Mexi 


cana, Hook. Arizona. 


Celsia glandulosa, Bouché. Asia 
Minor. 
orientalis, Z. Asia Minor. 
pontica, Borss. Asia Minor. 
Cenchrus tribuloides, Z. N. 
America. 


Cenia turbinata, Pers. Cape of 
Good Hope. i 


Centaurea alba, € var. deusta, 
Te 


T 
emopurpuse Waldst. $ Kit. 
. Eur 


axillaris, Wila. Europe, &c. 
Crocodylium, Z L — 


Cyanus, L. 

cynaroides, Tink, nis Is- 
lands. 

dealbata, Willd. Asia Minor, 
&c. 


ino Dryand. N. Africa 

Fontanesii, Spach. Algeria. 

glastifolia, L. Asia Minor, &c. 
, L. Europe, &c. 


nigra, L. 
nigrescens, Willd. Europe. 
— var. vochinensis ( BernA.). 
pulchra, DC. India. 
Scabi 


— var. olivieriana, PDC. F 


Centranthus Calcitrapa, Dufr. 
Europe. 
macrosiphon, Boiss. Spain. 
ruber, DC. Europe, &c. 
Cephalaria alpina, Schrad. Europe. 
leucantha, Schrad. Spain, &c. 
och Schrad. Mediterra- 
hta Prod. Siberia. 
transsylvanica, Z. uth 
Europe, Asia Minor, &c. 


Cerastium alpinum, Z. var. vil- 
losum, ACA Burigi. 
arvense, L. E 
— var. grandiflo ifort DU. 
chloraefolium, Fisch. & Mey. 
sia Minor. 
perfoliatum, Z. Mediterranean 
region. 
purpurascens, Adams. Asia 
inor, &c. 
Cerinthe alpina, Kit. Europe, &c. 
major, L. Europe. 


Chaerophyllum aromaticum, L. 
Europe. 
aureum, Z. Europe, Asia 
Minor. 


Charieis heterophylla, Cass. Cape 
of Good Hope. 


Cheiranthus Cheiri, Z. Europe. 


Chelidonium ae L. pM &c. 
— var. flore pleno 
—- var. ciun. 


Tome Lyoni, Pursh. N. America. 
morosa, Dougl. N. America. 
ifr cde N. America 


Chasers album, L. Temperate 


E: 
o 
"Z 
Ld 
e 
A 
3 
as È 
E 
o 
5 


aromaticum, Hort. Origin 
uncertain. 

Bonus-Henricus, ZL. Europe. 

- Botrys, L. Europe, &c. 

— Aschers, Europe, 


ficifolium, Sm. Europe. 

gra aveolens, Willd. Mexico. 

opt foliun, Schrad. Europe, 
&c. 


Quinoa, Willd. S. America. 
virgatum, ht Japan. 
Vulvaria, L. 


Chlorogalum pomeridianum, 
Kunth. California. 


Chorizanthe membranacea, Benth, 
. Ameriea. 

Chorispora tenella, DC. Caucasus, 
&c. 


Chrysanthemum Vea 
Schousb. N. Afric 


caucasicum, Pers. C Caucasus. 
cinerariaefolium, Vis. Dal- 


matia. 
coccineum, Willd. Caucasus, 


& 
cor se ini L. Mediterranean 
re 
cor rybosum, 
nean region 
fwet; Brot. S. W. Europe. 
paean L. Europe, 


L. Mediter- 


eA imum, Ramond,Pyrenees 
macrophyllum, Waldst. & Kit. 


Hungary 
multicaule, Desf. N. Africa. 
pallens, J Gay. Europe. 
Parthenium, Bernh. Europe. 
praealtum, Vent.Caucasus, &e. 
segetum, L, Europe, &e. 


ee ee PR 
setaben o. Dila, Span & 
Portu S 
Zawadskii, Herbich. E. 
Europe. 

Chrysopogon Gryllus, Trin 
Tropical and sib tropiel 
regions. 

Chrysopsis villosa, DC. N. 
America. 


Cicer arietinum, Z. Europe, &c. 
Cichorium Endivia, Z. Orient. 


pe. 
Mediter- 


Cimicifuga foetida, L. Europe, &c. 
— var. intermedia. 
racemosa, Nutt. N. America. 
Citrullus vulgaris, Schrad. 
Tropical Africa 
Cladium germanicum, Schra 
Temperate & yener 
regions. 


Clarkia m a Dougl. tne 
p Eren Pursh. Oregon, 
r. alba 


addc idu Down. N. 
America. 

sibirica, Z. N. Asia and N. 
America. 

Clematis integrifolia, L. S. Europe, 


recta, L. S. Europe. 
Cleome es i, Torr. & Gray. 
Ame 


viol, È. L. p &c. 
Cleonia lusitanica, L. Spain, &c. 
Clypeola cyclodontea, Delile. 

Europe. 
Cnicus altissimus, Willd. N. Ame- 


rica. 

eanus, Roth. Europe. 
ciliatus, Roth. Europe. 
fimbriatus, Bieb. Caucasus. 
horridus, Bieb. Caucasus. 
intermedius, Heller. Europe. 


Cnicus—cor 


nt. 
dm Bieb. Europe, Cau- 


«tellatus, Roth, Europe. 
yriacus, Roth. Mediterranean 
region. 


Cochlearia danica, L. N. & Arctic 
regions. 
glastifolia, "s xa Euro 
officinalis, Z. N. 
regions 


& Ae 


-. Codonopsis ovata, Benth. W. Hima- 
laya. 


Colchicum speciosum, Stev. Cau- 
casus. 


Collinsia bartsiaefolia, Benth. Cali- 
fornia. 
bicolor, Benth. California. 
gra E est AE 
ainsi 
pa vittors, in l. N. America. 
— Fick. & Mey. N. 


Ameri 
verna, Nutt. N. America. 
Collomia coccinea, Lehm. Chili. 
gilioides, Benth. California. 
grandiflora, "ae California. 
linearis, Nutt. California, &c. 
Commelinacoelestis, J/7/1d. Mexico. 


^ 


Conium maculatum, 7. Europe. 

Conringia orientalis, Dum. Europe, 
&c. 

vermes ae L. N temperate 

aeu "tricolor L. Medi- 


rranean region. 
undulatus, Cav. Mediterranean 
region. 


baee abyssinica, Sch. Bip. 
ssinia 
Drumond, Torr. & Gray. 


eliiflors, Nutt. S. United 
States. 

lanceolata, L. N. America’ 

— var. villosa. Micha. S. 
Uni tes. i 

tinctoria, Vutt. N. America. 

— yar. atrosanguinea. 


Coriandrum sativum, Z. Europe, 
&e. - 


Corispermum hia L: 
N. hemi 
Coronilla ano, pee & Reut. 
Mar 
itn is, dm. Europe, &c. 
. varia, L. Europe, &c. 
Corrigiola Siinai Europe. 
Cortusa Matthioli, Z. Europe & 
. Asia. eo 
Wahlenb, 


Corydalis capnoides, 
E 


urope. 
glauca, Pursh. N. America. 
lutea, DC. Europe. 
racemosa, Pers. Japan. 
sibirica, Pers. Siberia. 


iis cn canescens, Beauv. 


Cosmidium burridgeanum, Hort. 
origin. 


Kosmos bipinnatus, Cav. Mexico, 
 &e, 


Cofüla coronopifolia ro s. Africa. - 
Cousinia uncinata, Regel. N. Asia. 


Crambe pinnatifida, R. Br. Cau- 
eacus. 


Crepis alpina, Z. Asia Minor, &c. 
aurea, Reichb. Europe. 
hyoseridifolia, Reich. Europe. 
D Moench. Europe. 


virens, Z. Europe, 
Crocus biflorus, Mill. Tuscany, &c. 
ellatus, Herb. var. cili 


uscan 


D Tenore. Southern 


Mek Balb. N. Italy. 


Sieberi, Gay.. Greece, &c. 
speciosus, Bieb. Asia Minor. 
tommasinianus, Herb. Dal- 


matia, &c. 
vernus, "All. Europe 
zonatus, Gay. Asia Minor, 
Crucianella aegyptiaca, L. Egypt. 
-Cryptostemma calendulaceum, 
R.Br, S. Africa. 


Cucubalus baceiferus, £L. Europe,&c. 


Cuminum Cyminum, Z. Mediter- 
ranean region. 


Cuphea lanceolata, Ait. Mexico. 
ico. 


Cuscuta Epilinum, Weihe. Europe, 
&c. 


Cyclanthera explodens, Naud. 
Columbia. 

Cynara Scolymus, Z. Europe, &c. 

Cynodon Dactylon, Pers. Cosmo- 
politan. 


Cynoglossum officinale, Z. Europe, 
e 
petiolatum, 4, DC. Hima- 
aya ^ 


pictum, Ait. Mediterranean 
region 
Cynosurus cristatus, Z. Europe, 
Ca 
echinatus, Z. S. Europe, &c. 
Dactylis glomerata, L. Europe, &c. 
Dahlia D s Knowles & West- 
: seg 
iabilis, Desf. M 
CUM Tágopus, Willd. Minii 
Datura i M Ja Abyssi 
tramonium, Z.. Cüditopolitan. 
eala, m Euro; 
— var. gigantea, ^ 


Dancus Carota, L. Europe, &c. 
pusillus, Miche. N. America. 


Delphinium - Ajacis, Zeichb. 
Europe. 
cardinale, Hook. — € 


ides 
cardiopetalum, DC. Eur 
cashmirianum, Royle. HAE 


nys 
E C. A. Mey. Cau- 


casus. 
Consolida, Z. Europe, &c. 
cory pero; Hegel. Tur- 
kestan. 


. dietyoe 'arpum, mn — 
elatum, Z. Eur 
cam Yan dian (Waldst. 5 


— var; intermedium. 
geen’ Boiss, 


& Huet. 
rmenia F 


ure tir BRIA 
andi florum, L. Siber 
em ridum, Steph. het & 
Orien 
maackianum, Regel. Amur- 


an 
orientale, J. Gay. Europe, 
Ori 


ee Bieb. Caucasus. 
— var Me i. um. 

triste, Fisch. Sibe 

vestitum, Wall. See loves 


Demazeria sicula, Dum. Europe. 


seep sie caespitosa, Beauv. 
Temperate regions. 


Deyeuxia neglecta, Kunth. N. 
temperate regions 
Dianthus poe bi, Baro rope. 
atr LS. iae 


ime 


m pe. 

salDaóhQs Schott & Kotschy. 
Trans ie vania. 

carthusianorum, 


i 


L. Europe, 


Caryophyllus, E^ — &c. 
— Guss. Italy, &e. 
aren L. Europe, &c. 
s, Bieb. Caucasus. 


monspessulanus, 


EA Waldst. & Kit. E. 
uro 
L. Europe; &c. 
Gren. & Godr. 
yrenees. 
tener, Balb. Piedmont. 
£ — albus, Z. eS &c. 
var, purpureu 


_plumarius, 
Requienii, 


Digitalis ambigua, Mor Europe, 
&c. 
ferruginea, L. Europe. 
lanata, Ehrh. E. Europe. 
purpurea, L 
DRE arctan e Less. Cape 
D DC. ‘Cape of Good 


| 

| 

| 
eem 
= 


Dipcadi serotinum, Medic. Europe,. 
&e 


Diplotaxis siifolia, Awnze. Spain, 
e. 
tenuifolia, DC. Europe, &c. 
— asper, Wall. Himalaya. 
llonum, L. Europe, &c. 
heini atus, L. Europe, 
sylvestris, Mill. Europe, &c. 


Dischisma arenarium, Æ. Mey. 
Cape of Good Ho ope. 
ae er. 


Dodecatheon Meadia, 
splendi 
Doronicum plantagineum, Z. var. 

excelsum. 


Doryenium herbaceum, Vill. S. 

Europe, Asia Minor 

Draba aizoides, Z. epi 
arabisans Michæ 

erica. 

carinthiaca, Hoppe. Europe. 

frigida, Saué. Alps, Europe. 

irta, N. & Arctic 


N. 


arctic pt 

— var. Thomasii, (Koch). 

. Kotschyi, Stur. È. Europe- 
lactea, Adams. ope. 
Loiseleurii, Boiss. Corsica. 
stellata, Jacg. N. and arctic 


| eerie e grandiflorum, ZL. 


Moldavica, L. Siberia, &c. 
nutans, L. Siberia. 
parviflorum, Nutt. N.America.. 
ruyschiana, L. Europe, &c. 
Drimia robusta, Baker. S. Africa, 
Dryas octopetala, Z. Europe, &c. 
Drypis spinosa, Æ. Mediterranean 
region. 
N. 


Dulichium spathaceum, Rich, 
America, 

Ecballium ee A, Rich. 
Mediterranean region 


Eget ene Ruiz & 
Pav. C 


Echinaria sll Desf. Europe. 
Echinocystis lobata, Torr Gray, 
N. America, 


12 


Echinodorus ranunculoides, n- 
gelm. Europe, &c 


Echinops on Rochel. E. 
Eu 


globifer, Janka. È. Europe. 
Ritro, Mediterranean 


on. 

sphaerocephalus, ZŁ. Europe, 
&e. 

Echium plantagineum, L. Europe, 
&e. 


Eleusine coracana, Gaertn. S. 
erica, &c. 


Elsholtzia eristati, Willd. Europe, 
N. Asia 


Elymus canadensis L. N. America 
— var. gil, A. Gray. 
coon cus, L. Sibe 

virginicus, L. N. "itc 


Emex spinosa, Campd. S. Europe, 
.. &e. 
Emilia flammea, Cass. India, &c. 
Encelia a MÀ A. Gray. 
Mexic 


meno na wem E: 5 

hemisphere. 
billardierianum, Ser. Australia, 
Dodonaei es eme. 


hirsutum, L Eur 
Lamyi, Schultz. "s. Europe, 


linnaeoides, Hook. f. N. Zea- 
land, &c. 


montanum, Z. Euro 
UE A, Cunn. 
N. x = 
— var. ced 
roseum, Sire Europe, &c. 
rosmarinifolium, Haenke 
Euro on 
— var. 
tired levi Europe. 
Eragrostis or ae im Link. 
Abyssi 
minor. M st Tropics. 
Purshii, Schrad. N. America. 
Bunge. 


Eremostachys laciniata, 
Asia Minor, &c. 
Eremurus altaicus, Stev. Siberia, 


e: 
spectabilis, Bieb. Asia Minor, 
&e. X 


i fastigiatus, Nees. — 
ictus, Baldw. N. Am 


Ecos acre, L. var. aci: us, 
Fr 


ries). N. temp. regions. 
compositus, Pursh. N. 
droebachensis, O. Muell. 


urope. 
— Nutt. N. America. 


r. asper. 
Howell sim Gray: oN. W. 
Am 
macranthus, Nun. IN. We 
merica. 
mucronatus, DC. Mexico. 


philadelphicus, Z. N. Ame- 
rica. 
speciosus, DC.N.W.America. 
strigosus, Muhl. N. America. 
Erinus alpinus, L. Europe. 
Eriophyllum at th Dougl. 
N.W. Ameri 


Erodium  gruinum, ‘Soland. S. 
ni 


rope, &c. 
macradenum, L’Herit. Py- 


seroti 


num, ucasus. 
trichomanefoli 


. Cau 
um, L’ Heri 
pain 
tmoleum, Reut. Asia Minor. 
Eruca sativa, Mill. Mediterranean 
region. 


idm 5 amethystinum, JL. 


Tope. 
bromeliæfolium, Delar. Cen- 
ral America. 
giganteum, pnia Armenia, 
planum, L. Europe, &c. 
triquetrum, Vahl. N. Africa. 
Er _— Se Sie DC. N. 
Ame 


er "Bieb. Caucasus. 
ry: Gi 


mp Andrz. 
a, &c. 
persian, Fisch. & Mey. 


rire DC. Asia Minor. 
Erythraea Centaurium, 
Europe. 


Pers. 


13 


Eschscholzia californica, Cham. 
California. 
— var. caespitosa, Brewer. 
Eucharidium rd bii A. Gray. 
Califor 
eotialitiüm; - Fisch. & Mey. 
California 
— var. grandiflorum. 


Eupatorium ageratoides, L. N. 
America. 
aromaticum, Z. N. America. 
cannabinum, L. Europe, &c. 
purpureum, L. N. America. 
serotinum, Micha. N. Ame- 
rica. 
sessilifolium, Z. N. America. 
Euphorbia coralloides, Z. S. 
s Miche. N. America. 
L. Europe. 


dividi DC. Spain, &c. 


E 
D 


medicaginea, Boiss. Spain 
Myrsinites, L. S. Europe 
Peplis, Z. y. &c. 


mà rade F Kit. E. 
Europe. 
Fagopyrum esculentum, Moench. 
Europe, &c. 
tataricum, Gaertn. Europe, 
&c. 
Farsetia clypeata, R. Br. S. 
urope, 
Fedia Cornucopiae, Gaertn. Medi- 
terranean region 
Felicia fragilis, Cass. S. Africa. 
Ferula communis, L. Mediter- 
ranean region 
Ferulago, Z. S. Europe &c. 
Lii Webb. & Berth. Cee) 


Islands, 


tingitana, L. N. Africa, &c. 


Festuca arundinacea, Vill. Europe. 
i Temperate 


regions. 
capillifolia, Dufour. Spain. 


Festuca—cont. 
ane Lag. Spain and 
Portugal. 


dofiaigeia, L. Europe, &c. 
— var. crassifolia, Gaud. 


var. atti 


scoparia, Kern. Pyrenees, 
Foeniculum vulgare, Mill. Europe. 
Fragaria indica, Andr. India, 
China, &c. 


Francoa appendiculata, Cav. Chili. 


Fritillaria armena, Boiss. Asia 
Minor. 
imperialis, Z. Orient. 
kotschyana, Herb. Asia Minor, 
Meleagris, L. Europe, 
pontica, Wahl, Asia Minor. 
Fumaria officinalis, Z. Temperate 
regions of Old World. 
Funkia lancifolia, decet eng. Japan. 
— var. albo-marginata, Hort. 
oyata, Spre "d Japan. 
sieboldiana, Hook. Ja pan. 


Gaillardia zio ges Pursh. N. 
America, 

Galega pne L. Europe, &c. 
orientalis, Lam. Caucasus. 

Galeopsis po Bartl, 
Pyren 

PU. brachystephana, Regel. 

S. Am 


i Ca av. S. America. 
Galium boreale, Z. N. temperate 


o 

PA aiie L. Europe, 

recurvum, Reg. lm Ae. 

teli isiimtm; Bieb. Cau 

— Stokes. Europe, 4 Ac. 
um, L. Europe, & 


"Gaudinia fragilis, Beauv. Mediter- 
ranean region 


-Gaura parviflora, Dougl. N. 
merica. 


-Gentiana enc Ó L. Europe. 
— alba. 
eruit; L. Europe, &e. 
lutea, Z. Europe, &e. 
septemfida, Pall. Caucasus. 
tibetiea, King. Himalaya, &c. 


"Geranium seein Bieb. Caucasus. 
oiss. 
DoNeietor L. e ne 


eaa Burm. f. EI. &ec. 
pyr satius F — 


vun, Vill. "Posopi: 
sylvatieum, Z. Europe, &e. 
wallichianum, G. Don. Hima- 


aya. 
Wilfordi, Maxim. Manchuria. 
wlassovianum, Fisch. Siberia. 


Gerbera — Bellidiastrum, Benth. 
i cC. 
. kunzeana, A. Br. & Asche 
Himalaya 


nivea, Sch. ‘Bip. Himalaya. 


Geum chiloense, Bald, — 
hispidum, Fries. Spa 
inclinatum, Schleich. Saisie: 


lan 
macrophyllum, Willd. N. W. 
meric 


rope. 
. . Antartic 


pyrenaicum, Mill. Pyrenees. . 
rivale, L. N.temperateregions, 
strictum, Ait. N. temperate 


ote, Pursh. N. America. | 


tyrolense, Kern. Tyrol. 
urbanum, i ds Europe, &c. 


14 


Gilia MN Benth. Cali- 
for 

entrees, Steud, California. 
— var. rosea, ; 

capitata, Sims. N.W. America, 

densiflora, Benth. California. 

dianthoides, Endl, California. 

inconspicua, Dougl. Cali- 
ornia 

ladiniata, Ruiz § Pav, Chili, 
Peru. 


micrantha, Steud. California. 

squarrosa, Hook. & Arn Cali- 
fornia. 

tricolor, Benth. California. 


Gillenia trifoliata, Moench. N. 
America 


Gladiolus atroviolaceus, — Boiss. 
Siri Rs. LE 
segetum, Ker-Gawl. Medi- 
terranean region. 
Glaucium corniculatum, © Curt. 
Dopo &c. 


— var, rubrum, Hort. 
Mee Crantz. var. falfum, 
Sm 


Globularia trichosantha, Fisch. & 
Mey. Asia Minor, &c. 
vulgaris, Z: Europe, &e. 
Glyceria maritima, Mert. & Koch. 
N. temperate regions. 
Rien e Se $ sem E 
oars ele L. Tropies of 
Old World. 
luteo-album, Z. Cosmopolitan. 
Gratiola officinalis, Z. Europe. 
— var. minor. 
Grindelia glutinosa, Dunal. Cali- 
ornia, 
inuloides, Willd. Texas, &c. 
squarrosa, Dunal. N. W. 
America, 


Caine abgisinien: Cass. peepee 
Africa.. 


Gunnera chilensis, Lam. “Chili, 
anicata, 


razil. 


Gypophila € T: Man 
panicu L. Siberia, &c. 
Rokejeka, Delile. Est &e. 


Hablitzia tamnoides, 
Caucasu 


Hastingia alba, S. Wats. California, 
Hebenstreitia tenuifolia, Schrad. 
ape of Good Hope. 


Hedysarum boreale, Nutt. N. Ame- 
rica. 
coronarium, L. S. W. Europe. 
esculentum, peed E. Siberia. 
UR sum, L. 
mic ocalyx, Bah. Himalaya. 
piede Ledeb. Siberia. 
. Europe. 
Nym. Mediter- 
ranean region, 
Helenium autumnale, Z. var pumi- 
lum, (Willd.) N. America. 
Bolanderi, A. Gray. Cali- 
fornia. 
mc A. Gray. N. W. 


tenotfoliitt Nutt. N. America. 


Helianthus. annuus, Z. N. Ame- 


rica. 
debilis, Nutt. Texas, &c. 


Helichrysum br acteatum, Andr. 

Australia l 
lanatum, DC. Asia: Miet.. 

serotinum, Boiss.S.W. Europe. 

Heliophila um careers Ws J. 
ood Hope. 

dioles; Sims. Cape of Good 

ope. 
crithmifolia, Willd. Cape of 
Good Hope. 


Heliopsis laevis, Pers. N. America. 


Heliotropium ven cee L. 
Europe. 
Bum tm F. Muell. 
stralia 
Mieri. Hort. Australia. 
roseum, Benth. Australia. 


Helleborus colchicus, Regel. Min- 
eli 


gre 
foetidus, L. Europe 
e Lam. Gio &e. 
seus. 


Helonias UN L. N. America. 
var. latifolia, 


Bieb. 


Hemerocallis flava, ZL. S. Europe. 
va, L. S. Europe, &c. 
— var. Kwanso, Regel. 
see asperum, Breb. Cauca- 


su 
gummiferum, Willd. Europe. 
‘lanatum, Miche erica 
Panaces, L. S. Europe. 
pyrenaicum, Zam. Pyrenees. 
phondylium, Z. Europe. 
villosum, Fisch. Caucasus. 
Herniaria glabra, Z. Europe, N- 
Asia 
tiros; L. Europe. 
Hesperis matronalis, Z. Europe, &c. 
Heterotheca Lamarckii, Mass. N. 


a. 

Heuchera P s ai Dougl. 
N. W. America. - ; 
Drummond, Hort. Origin 


elaine Willa N.W. America. 

a Fisch. & Mey, N, 
Ameri 

aii: Engelm: New 
Mexico. 


Hind -Trionum, Z. Tropics of 
orld. 


Hieracium alpinum, Z. Europe. 
amplexicaule, E S. Eu urope, 
aurantiacum, urope. 
bupleuroides, C. C. Gmel, 

Europe. 


corymbosum, Fries. N.Europe. 
Jankae, Uechtritz, E. Europe. 
Waldst. $ Kit. 


L. var. integri- 


pr 
pulmonarioides, V7//. Europe. 
rigidum, Hartm. Europe. 
saxatile, Vill. Europe. 
stoloniflorum, Waldst. $ Kit. 
Europe. 
villosum, Jacq. Europe. 
E Fries. N. temperate 
regions. 
Niggorcepies E a. 
in region, 


16 


Holcus lanatus, Z. Europe. 
Hordeum jubatum, L. N. America, 


6: 
maritimum, 
es 
m, L. Europe, &c. 
i i Schreb. Europe, 
&e. 
Horminum pyrenaicum, Z. Pyre- 
nees. 


Hosackia uoces G. Don. N. 
Ameri 


Humulus japonicus, Sieb. & Zucc. 
apan 
var. variegatus. 


1° 


- 
4 
ts 


" Sweet 


With. Europe, 


California. 
Hyacinthus amethystinus, L. Py- 
renees. 
romanus, 
region, 
Hydrocotyle repanda, Pers. 
America, 


L. Mediterranean 
6 
N. 
—PN(Ó canadense, L N. 
meri 
Vineis L. N. America. 

Hymenophysa seth ae Go X 

Mey. Siberia 


TY. 
v 


pi Asia Minor, 


` &c. 
mitts L. Europe, &c. 
r. albus, Hort. 
Hypecoum arenam. Benth. 
Mediterranean region. 
L. Mediterra- 
nean region, &c. 
atomarium, 
Minor, &c. 
Gebleri, C. A. Mey. Siberia. 
montanum, L. Europe. 
olympicum, ZL. Asia Minor, 


orientale, L. var. decussatum, 
nze). 

perforata L. Europe, &c. 

pyramidatum, Ait. N. America, 

Richeri, Vill. Europe. 

tetrapterum, Fries. Europe, 

&e. 

tomentosum, L. Mediterranean 

ion. 


t 


4 
Boiss. 


Hypochoeris glabra, L. Europe. 
Hyssopus officinalis, Z. Europe, 
&c. 


— var. aristatum, (Jord.). 

Iberis amara, L. Europe. 
ciliata, All. Italy, &c. 
lagascana, DC. Spai 
“porii Boiss. Seii 
umbellata, Z. S. Europe. 
— var. carnea. 


Impatiens amphorata, ÆEdgw. 


balsamina, z India & Orient. 
ria, 


scabrida, DC. Himalaya. 
Inula barbata, Wall. Himalaya. 
bifrons, rope. 


hk. us. 
grandiflora, Willd. Himalaya, 
&c. 


onium, A Europe, &c. 
hirta, Z. Europe, &c. 

Hookeri, C. "BC Clarke. Hima- 
laya. 

salicina, L. Europe, &c. 

thapsoides, Spreng. Caucasus. 

Iris foetidissima, Z. Europe, &c. 
graminea, L. S. Europe, &e. 


missouriensis, Nutt. N. 
Pseudacorus, L. be &e. 
— p scone E. Sibe: 


var. atropu rpari 
sibirica, T Europe, &c. 
Mediterranean re- 
pers n, &c. 
— var. notha (Bieb.). 
Isatis tinctoria, L. Europe, &c. 
erma. fumarioides, Z. Europe, 


Iva siia Nutt. N. America. 
Jasonia tuberosa, L. S. Europe. 
Juncus cet Vill. es &e. 
balticus, Willd. Europe, 
. temperate 
cuim 
amissonis, Kunth. Andes. 
compressus, Jacq. Temperate 
gions. . 


17 


Juncus—con 
ffusus, L Europe, &c. 
glaucus, Sibth. Europe, &e. 
lamprocarpus, Ehrh. Europe, 
&c. 


maritim Lam. Temperate 


regio 
uaire, Ehrh. Europe, &c. 
squarrosus, Europe. 
tenuis, Willd. Europe, &c. 
Juriuea cyanoides, D.C. Caucasus, 
&c. 


Kitaikbelia vie Willd. E. 


suro 


Kochia scoparia, Schrad. Europe, 
&e 


Koeleria cristata, Pers.N temperate 
phleoides, Pers. Mediterranean 
region. 


Lactuca hirsuta, Muhl. I 


muralis, Æ. Mey. Europe, &c. 
Plumier, Gren. & Godr. 
Fra 
vida: on Europe, &c. 
Lallemantia peltata, Fisch. & Mey- 
Caucasus. 


ame aurea, ee Medi- 
terranean regio 


Lapsana communis, L. e 
Lasthenia — Lindl. Cali- 
uina 


Lathyrus pu L. Europe. 
Aphaca, L. Europe, &c. 


scidit W. Mediter- 
ranean €— 

Cicera, Mediterranean 
: 


egion. 
Clymenum, Z. Mediterranean 
ae à 
filiformis, Gay. S. Europe. 
latifolius, L. Europe. 
— sifolius (Badaro). 
ateiti Wimm. Europe. 


n 
Nissolia, L. Europe, &c. 
Ochrus, DC. 


Lathyrus—cont 
pisiformis, L. Euro ope, &e. 
rotundifolius, h e m 


ret L. Ee 
tingitan L. W. Mediter- 
ranean Sodio 
tuberosus, ZL. Europe, &c. 
venosus, Muhl. N. America. 
Lavatera cachemiriana, Cambess. 
Himalaya. 
thuringiaca . Europe. 
porns L. Mediterranean 
regio 
Layia sami Torr. & Gray. 
alifornia. 
dece 
Califor 
Lens Tier Rs p oench. Orient. 


Leontodon autumnalis, Z. Europe, 


Hook. & Arn. 


e 
crispus, Vill. Europe. 


Ehrenbergii, Hort. Kew. 
Origin uncertain. 
Leontopodium alpinum, Cass. 
Europe, &c. 
Leonurus Semi L. Europe, 


piiri icus, L. Siberia, &c. 
tataricus, Z. Central Asia. 


| Lepachys eae a a Torr.& Gray. 
| . W. Ameri 


Mediterranean | 


T: 


üro 
u 94414. 


i 


| 


egion. 
punmonicns, Garcke.var.varius, | 


var. biai, Torr. & 
ray. 
Lepidi Draba, L. Europe, &e. 
irs nifolium, L. Europe, 


den Roth. Siberia, &c. 
lati ifolium, L. Europe, &c. 


Menziesii, DC. = America. 
sativum, Z. Orien 
virginicum, L. N. eni. 
Leptosyne Douglasii, DC. Cali- 
forni 
nena. A. Gray. Cali- 
fornia. 


Lepturus cyliadsioug, Trin. Europe, 


Leuzea Csa, ish Mediter- 
ranean regio 
kien ofcinale, MG var. 
egatum, Eur 
n 


Liatris scariosa, illd. N.America. 
hme illd. N. America. 
— var. montana, A. Gray. 


Ligisteum eius, Spreng. Cau- 
asu 


pyrenaicum, Gouan. Pyrenees. | 
oticu p 


m, L. Europe, &c 
Sapan. e S. Europe. 


Thomsoni, B. Clarke. 
Himalaya. 
ae Mene Mill. —— 
Bent Boiss. & Reut. 


pal 
T Willd. N. Africa. 
Broussonetii, Char. Marocco, 


o. 
chalepensis, Mill. S. Europe, 


e 
dalmatica, M: “3 Dalmatia, 


hirta, Moen Spain and 
Portugal. 

maroccana, Hook. wet Marocco. 

minor, Desf. E z 

multipunctata, IGI. & 
Link, Portug 

peloponnesiaca, Boiss. &Heldr. 
Greece. 

purpurea, L. Eur 

reticulata, Desf. N. "atria, &c. 


— var. purpurea 

saxatilis, Hoffngg. & Link, 
Portugal. 

spartea, Hoffmgg. & Link. 
W. Medi 


rranean region. 
— Bis Willd. Por- 


triphylla, Mill. Mediterranean 
tristis: Mill. Spa 


pai 
vulgaris, Mill. ape: &c. 


Lindelophia spectabilis, Lehm. 
Himalaya. 


Lindheimera texana, 4. Gray. 
Texas. 


Linum alpinum, Z. Europe, &c. 
ae Fac: Huds. Europe, 


grandiflora, me Algeria. 


— var. coccine ; 

nervosum, Wi aldst. & Kat. 
ungary 

oS. TE N. temperate 


fe, ag L. Europe, &c. 


sane d Griseb. Chili. 
ca, André. New 
 Giteniad a. 
Lobelia Erinus, Z. S. aoe 
syphilitica, Z. N. Am 
tenuior, A. Br. »straln. 
triquetra; L. S. Afric 
Lolium multiflorum, Lam. MR 
Lonas inodora, Gaertn. Sicily, &c.. 
Lopezia coronata, Andr. Mexico: 


Lotus a hii L. Temperate 


major 
ornithopodioides, ys ? Moditer. 
nean region 
éliqdodts, L. Mediterranean 


region. 
tenuis, Waldst. & Kit. Europe, 
&e. 


Tetragonolobus, L. Mediter- 


‘Lunaria ånnua, L. Europe. _ 
rediviva, Z. Europe. : 
Lupinus T Agardh, Cali- 

for 
angustifolius, L. Mediter- 
ranean T 
arboreus, Sime: California 
Cosentini, Guss. Sicily. 
elegans, 77. B. & K Mexico. 
hirsutissimus, Benth. Cali- 


rnia. 
Menziesii, mite EN. 
a cea N. 


Amer 
aintabilis, du: New Grenada. 
pol yphyllus, Lindi. California. 
ee dae En enth. New 
pulchellus, Sweet. Mexico. 
subearnosus, Hook. Te 
tricolor, Mort. Garden origin. 


. 


Luzula pamens DC. Europe, 


maxima , DC. Europe. 
nivea, DC. Europe. 


Lychnis alpina, Mill. Northern 
and Are 


tic regions. 


— var. elegans. Hort. 


Lychnis—cont 
coronaria, ‘Desr. Europe. 


pyrenaica, ron LO rerit 
Viscaria, L. Eur 


Lycopersieum ES Mill. 
S ` 


; ica. 
Lycopus europaeus, L, Europe, &c. 


priore ve L. N. orit 
clet es, Duby. Ja 
b. 


tat rope, &c. 
quadrifolia, £L. N. America, 
vulgaris, L. Europe, &c. 

- Lythrum Graefferi, Tenore. Tem- 


rate reg ions. 


pe 
genie I. 5 temperate 
regio 


— var. r 


Tapita; ub "Europe, &c. 


Madia sativa, Molina. N. America, 
&c. 


Malcolmia africana, R. Br. South 
e 
chia, DC Om: &c. 
maritimo, R. Br. Mediter- 


ranean region 


Malope trifida, Cav. Spain and N. 
Africa. 

Malva Alcea, Z. Europe. 
"ec Euro 


x 
parviflora, L. Europe. 
sy ivestris, L. Europe, &e. 


Malvastrum limense, Ball. Chili. 


Mandragora peo L. Medi- 
terranean regio 


Marrubium  astracanicum, Jacq. 
sia Minor. 


19 


Marrubium—cont. 
pann onicum, Reichb. E. 
Europe. 
peregrinum, L. Europe, &c. 
vulgare, L. Europe, &c. 
Matricaria glabra, Ball. Marocco. 
odora, L. Europe, & 


Tohihatchewii, Hort. Kew 
urkish Armenia. 
Matthiola bicornis, DC. Asia 


, &c. 

incana, R. Br. Mediterranean 
region. 

sinuata, R. Br. Mediterranean 
region. 

tricuspidata, R. Br. Mediter- 
ranean region 


Meconopsis aiti, Vig. mn 
Wallichi, Hook. Himalaya. 


Modica: , sapient 


la ae m Desr. Eu irope. 

littoralis, Rhod e. Mediterra- 
nean region. 

lupulina, L. N. temperate 


Willd. 


minima, E. Europe, &c. 

Murex, Willd. Euro 

orbicularis, All. Europe. 
t 

scutellata, All. Mediterranean 
region. 

tuberculata, Willd. Mediter- 
ranean regiou. 

turbinata, Willd. Mediterra- 
nean region. 

Melica altissima, Z. S. Europe, 

&e. 


ie L. Eur 
var. dieit, C (Boiss. & 


Itz var. nebro- 
urope. 
rope, & 


al. 
glauca, F. Schu 


Melilotus alba, Desr. Europe, &c. 
indica, All. Europe, &c. 
officinalis, Lam. Europe, &c. 

€ vete $: — 

egion, 

inu : ivan L. 

dicans (Mill), Boo 


B2 


Mercurialis annua, L. Europe, &c. 
Mesembryanthemum pinnatifidum, 
L.S. A 
pomeridianum, L. S. Africa. 
pyropeum, Haw. S. Africa. 
Mimulus cardinalis, Dougl. N. 
DEM Regel. Chili. 
glabra TUR K. sin 
Levis Punih N . W. Ame- 
ry L. N. America. 
Mirabilis. divaricata, Lowe, Ma- 


Jalapa, E I pee 
longiflora, £L. Mexi 


Modiola multifida, Moench- N. W. . 
America. 


Molinia caerulea, Moench. Europe, 
&e. 

Monolepis trifida, Schrad. Siberia, 
&c. 

Morieandia arvensis, DC. Europe, 
&c. 


Morina persica, Z. Himalaya, &c. 


Moscharia pinnatifida, Ruiz & 
Pav. Chili. 


Muehlenbergia glomerata, Trin. 
N. America. 


mexicana, Trin. N. America. 
sylvatica, Torr. & Gray. N. 
America 
Willdendvii, Trin. N. 
America. 


Muscari Argaei, Hort. Greece? 
armeniacum, Baker, Armenia. 
seeds Boiss. & Reut. 


grandifoliom, Baker. Origin 


uncertain 

Heldreichii, Boiss: Greec 

moschatum, Willd. zm 
Minor. 


neglectum, Guss. Mediterra- 
nean region. 

racemosum, Mill. Europe, &c. 

szovitsianum, Baker. Cau- 
cacus, &c. 


ge arvensis, Lam. Europe, 


colfini, Hoffin. Europe. 
dissitiflora, Baker. Switzer- 
land. 
palustris, Lam. Europe, &c. 
Myosurus minimus, Z. Europe, &c. 
Myrrhisodorata, Scop. Europe, &c. 
Nardus stricta, L. Europe, &c. 


Nemesia floribunda, Lehm. Cape of 
Good Hope. 
pubescens, iae Cape of 
Goo 
versicolor, E. Mey. Cape of 
Good Ho ope. 
Nemophila aurita, Lindi. Cali- 
ia 
insignis, Dougl. California. 
— var. grandiflora, Hort. 
maculata, Benth. California. 
parviflora, Dougl. : 
America. 


R. Br. Abyssinia. 
e 
Heldr. 


macrantha, Fisch. Siberia. 
Mussini, Spreng. Caucasus. 
Nepetella, Z. S. Europe 
nuda, L. S. Europe, &c 
venen Benth. W. Himalaya. 
suavis, S'apf. N. W. 

how. 


Nicandra physaloides, Gaertn. 
Peru. 


Nicotiana acuminata, Hook. 5. 


merica. 
alata, Link & Otto. S. Brazil. 
Langsdorffii, Schrank. Brazil. 


T abzceum, Z. s. And 
Nigella diio L. Mediter- 
ranean region. 
hispanica, L. Spain 
sativa, .L. Mienie re- 
gion. 
Nolana prostraia, Z. Peru, Chili, 
eT 


Nothoscordum fragrans, Kunth. 
ico, &c. 


21 


Ocimum Basilicum, Z. Asia, 
canum, os Asia & Tropical 
Afric 


Odontospermum ep Sch. 
iterranean re- 
gion. 
CEnanthe crocata, L. Europe. 
C. C. Gmelin. S. 
Europe, &e. 
p Pollich. 
Eur 
pimnpinel cides, L. Europe, &c. 
silaifolia, Bieb. Europe, &c. 
— var. australis, Wolf. Car- 
iol 


ETE nep Lehm. Cali- 
for 
iere Spach. Chili. 
inte . N. America. 
var. grandiflora, Torr. § 
ray. 
bistorta, Nutt. N.W. America. 
densiflora, Lindl. California, 


dentata, Cav. N. UN &c. 
fruticosa, L. N.A erica 


tetraptera, Cav. Mexico. 
triloba, Nutt. N. dantibus. 


Omphalodes linifolia, Moench. S. 
Europe. 
Onobrychis sativa. Lam. Europe, 
&c. 


Ononis arvensis, L. Eur 
Na vA Medmar 


rotundifolia, L. rein 
spinosa, L. Eur 


pins nee Acanthium, Z. Europe. 
m; Boiss. Asia 


7 Mil 
een Willd. S. Europe. 


Orchis foliosa, Soland. Madeira. 
incarnata, L. Europe, &c. 
latifolia, Ee Europe, &c. 
maculata, L. Europe and Asia 
Minor. 
Origanum vulgare, Z. Europe, &c. 
Ornithogalum agisce Stev. 
au 


a ar deor. S. Europe. 
illd. 


fimbriat Asia 
Min erm 

Pemra Ë. Mediterranean 
region. 

nutans, L. Euro 


ope, &e. 
orthophyllum, Tenore. Italy. 
tenuifolium, Guss. S. Europe, 

&e. 


Ornithopus perpusiilus, Z. Europe, 
&c. 


Orobanche ^ Hederae, Duby. 
Eur 


rope. 
ramosa, L. Europe, &c. 
Oxalis corniculata, L. Foca: 
& tropical regio 


Oxybaphus nyeaginens, Sweet. 


Oxytropis ochroleuca, Bunge. 
ria, &c. 
pilosa, DC. Europe, &c. 
Palaua dissecta, Benth. Peru, &c. 


Pallenis spinosa, Cass. Mediter- 
ion 


Panicum bulbosum, Æ. Bó K. 
ico. 
capillare, Z. W. hemisphere. 
es 


. Europe, &c. 
Mete Rot. Mediterranean 


region 
PARTAA Tropical regions. 
sanguinale, Z. Cosmopolitan. 
Papaver aculeatum, Thunb. S. 
frica. 


alpinum, Z. var, roseum. 


Argemone, L. Europe, &c. 
caucasicum, Bieb. Caucasus. 
dubium, Z. Europe. 
ER Boiss. & Hausskn. 
jn 
Tent lin Bieb. Greece, 
Asia Minor. 


22 


Papaver—con 
la amis C. Koch. Armenia. 
nudicaule, Z. Arctic and 

P 


. bracteatum, (.Lindl.). 
pavoninum, Mey. Afghanistan, 
&e. 


pilosum, Sibth. & Sm. Greece. 

Rhoeas, L. Europe, &c. 

rupifragum, Boiss. & Reut. 
Spain, Marocco. 

— var. atlanticum, Ball. 

somniferum, Z. China, &c. 


Bertol, 


Paradisia Liliastrum, 
Europe. 


Parietaria officinalis, L. S. Europe, 
&c. 
Parnassia nubicola, Wall. Hima- 
aya. 
palustris, L, N. hemisphere. 
Parochetus communis, Buch- Ham. 
India, &e. - 


TEA pony L. Mediter- 
ranean regio 

Pennisetum secus sidès, 
ac dns and 


Rich, 
subtr opical 


regio 
Briones ~ Rich. A. Orient. 
villosum, ' R. Br. Abyssinia. 


Pentstemon iate; Roth. W. 
Unite 


ca, Wi lid. poorer 


coeruleus, Nutt. W. Unite 
States 

confertus, NER Rocky 
mounta 


zy ess "Dougl. W. North 


ica. 
gliter, ad sh. W. United 


glandulosus, Dougl. N. 
Ha artwegil Benth. Mexico. 
laevigatus, Soland. var. Digi- 
talus, A. Gray. N. Amer. 
ovatus, Dougl. N.W. Am T€ 
pubescens, Soland. N .Americ 


Perezia multiflora, Less. Brazil. 


Petunia nyctaginiflora, Juss. Ar- 
5 gentina. 


Peucedanum EE den Van- 
d a 
coriaceum, Reichb. ds X. 
Eur 


rope. 
licum, Latour. Europe. 


paucifolium, Ledeb. Caucasus. 


sativum, Benth. § Hook. f. 
owa, Kurz. India. 
verticillare, Spreng. S. 
urope. 


Phacelia bipinnatifolia, Micha. N. 
America 


campanularia, 4. Gray. Cali- 
ornia. 
Ue ien A, Gray California 
a, A. Gray. California. 
fonseetclis Torr. California. 
as 


k ; r. California. 
€ Benth. Califor- 


inii Torr. N. America 
Whitle vin, 4. Gray. California. 


Phaecasium lampsanoides, Cass. 
Europe. 


Phaenospherma globosa, Munro. 
China. 


Phalaris paradoxa, LZ. Mediter- 
ranean region. 
tuberosa, Z. Mediterranean 
region. 
Phaseolus peon: Jacq. 
ndia, 
multiflorus, Wi illd. Mexico. 
jus cal regions. 
plete, s X $ 
merica, 
riceiardianus, Tenore, Origin 
ncertain. 
tuberosus, Lour. Cochinchina. 
vulgaris, L. Cultivated 
Phleum asperum, Jacq, Se reni 


Boehmeri, Wibel. Europe, 
ipn L. Europe 


nodosum, 13 ja 
Phlomis MÀ Falc, Himalaya. 
tuberosa, Z. S. Europe, Asia 


inor, 
umbrosa, aris. China, &c, 


23 


‘a Alkekengii, L. ARS 
enopodiifolia, Lam. Peru. 


a, L, Tropic 
viscosa, T Tropical 200m 
Physochlaina orientalis, G. Don. 
Orient. 


CN 
. N. 


virginiana, 
Ej ciosa, A. Gra 


America 


Physostegia 
Y 


as ae Waldst. & 


Halleri ri, All. Eur 

limonifolium, Sibth. & Sm. 
. Europe, Asia Minor. 

orbic ulare, Z. Europe. 

Scheuchzeri, Ad. Europe. 

spicatum, L. Europe. 


Phytolacca acinosa, Roxb. Hima- 
aya, &c. 
ieosandra, Z. India, &c. 
ipn Lec dears Desf. Medi- 
nean region 
Picris echioides L. Europe, &e. 
hieracioides, Z. Europe, &c. 
pe Anisum, L. Greece, &c. 


nagn: ;urope 
p; latius, Pah: Magir 
region, &c. 
Plantago AD TUA ldst. & Kit. 
Europe, 


P 
Candollei, Rain. Chili. 
Coronopus, L. „Enrons, &c. 
Cynops, L. Europe, &e. 
Lagopus, L. Mediterranean 


region 
lanceolata, ab. Europe e, &c. 


major, urope, &c. 
mariti . Europe, &c 
media, L |i 

r Decne. Colombia 


Q 
ovata, Forsk. Mediterranean 
ion. 
petunt Jacq. N. & S. 
hse 


Platyendon p am A.DC. 
Chi d Japa 


PHityéterüon Mi ieu, Benth. 
^ - California. 


Pleurospermum pulchrum, ditch, 
E & Hemsl, Afghanis 


Plumbago micrantha, Ledeb. 
Siberia. ; 


Poa Sein E N. temperate 


Chaixii, Till. Europe, &c. 


chinensis, Z, China, &c. 

compressa, L. N. temperate 
regions, 

pratensis, L. N. temperate 
regions 

trivialis, Z. N. temperate 
region 


s. ST 
violacea, Bell. S. Europe. 
Podolepis acuminata, A. Br. 
Australia. 


Podophyllum Emodi, Wall. Hima- 
| laya. A 


Polemonium caeruleum, L. N. 
temperate regions 
flavum, Crone N. America. 


himalayanum, Baker. Hima- 
laya. 

mexicanum, Cerv. Mexico. 

pauciflorum, S. Wats. Mexico. 

reptans, L. N. America. 


Polygonatum verticillatum, 44. 
Europe, &c. 


Polygonum alpinum, 4/1.S.Europe, 
&e 


aviculare, L. N. temperate 


ta, L. N. regions. 
capitatum, Bwuch- Hain. Hima- 
y 
cilinode, Micha. N. America, 
compactum, Hook. f. Japan. 
Convolvulus, L. N. temperate 


regions. 
orientale, L. Tropics of Old 
World. 


virginianum, L. N. America, 
viviparum, L. N. arctic regions. 


Weyrichii, F. Schmidt Sagh- 
alien. 


Mee p m monspeliensis rik 
mperate & tropical 


| €— Hook, Brazil, 


24 


Potentilla meer is Lapeyr. 
L N. 


yrene 

ar et dm temperate 

— var. rka (Tenore). 

arguta, Pursh. N. a. 

argyrophylla, Vall, Sia 
chinensis, T9 Chin 

collina, Wi 
etommasii, T'eno 


Europe. 
digitata x flabellata. Europe. 
glandulosa, Lindl. California, 
&c. 


gracilis, Dougl. California, 
beptaphylla, Mill. Europe. 
hippiana, Lehm. N. 


CT 
hirta, L. S. Europe, &c. 
kotschyana, Fenzl. 
ista 
koiias Blows. Kurdistan. 
montenegrina, Pantoc. Mon- 


Kur- 


o. 
multifida, Z. Europe, &c. 
nepalensis, Hook. Hi Himalaya. 
nevadensis, Boiss. Spain. 

opaca, L. Europe. 
palustris, Scop. N. & Arctic 
re 


gio 
imei, Ramond. Pyrenees. 
&c. 


recta, L. Europe, 
— va iata 
— var. palmata. 


estris, L. Europe, &c. 
schrenkiana, Regel. Central 
‘semi-laciniata, Hort. Garden 

origin 

sericea, £z iL Ge &e. 

Thurberij A. Gra N. 

America: 

Mesa Pane. Servia. 
eliana, Fisch. & Mey. 
ria. 

Poterium Ji Hort. Kew. 

Siberi 
canadense, A ae N: 

Am 
orim A. Gray. Europe, 

e. 

~  Sanguisorba, L. N. temperate 
regions 


Pratia angulata, Hook. f. New 
-—-. Zealand. 


Prenanthes purpurea, L. Europe. 
Primula capitata, Hcok. Himalaya. 
cortusoides, L. Japan, Siberia, 


denticulata, Sm. Himalaya. 


, Royle. Himalaya. 
verticillata, Forsk. Avabia. 
Prunella grandiflora, Jacq. Europe. 

— var. laciniata, Hort. 
— var. rubra, Hort. 

vulgaris, Z. Temperate re- 
gions. 


Psoralea "———— DC. Cali- 


phrsodes, Hook. N. We 
Am 
Pulicaria Arsene Gaertn. 
Eur 
Ramotdia Se Aeros Rich. 
Pyre 
Ranunculus a acris, L. Europe, &c. 
ar. Steveni. 
arvensis, L. Europe, &c 
Broteri, Freyn. S 


ion, &c. 
Pursh. N. 
Flammula, L. N. temperate 


regions. 
lanuginosus, £: e Pa &c. 
c. 


trilobus, Desf. Mediterranean 
region, 
Raphanus maritimus, Sm. W. 
Europe. 
sativus, L. Europe. 
— var. caudatus. 
Rapistrum linnaeanum, Boiss. & 
Reut. S. Europe. 
Reseda glauca, L. Pyrenees. 
lutea, L. Euro 


Hr 
4 


 Phyteuma, Z. Mediterranean 


region. 
virgata, Boiss, & Reut. Spain 
and Portugal. 


25 


Rhagadiolus Hedypnois, Fisch. & 
Mey. Caucasus, &c. 
stellatus, Gaertn. S. Europe. 


Rheum Emodi, Wall. Himalaya. 

Franzenbachii, Muent. Tem- 
perate Asia. 

geo Mart. Origin 
Prycehe ‘Baill. d uin 


guod: 
Rhaponticum, y eas 
undulatum, Z. Siberia 
webbianum, Royle. sears 


Roemeria hybrida, DC. S. Europe. 


Rudbeckia ee Vahl. 
N. Am 

digitata, Mill. N. — 

hirt ta, t N. America 

laciniata, L. N. A morion 

maxima, Nutt. Tex 

speciosa, Wender. N. cics. 


Rumex al Jacq. Abys- 


al pitis L. Europe, &c. 
Acetosella, L. Europe, &c. 
Brownii, Campd. Australia. 
nepalensis, Spreng. Himalaya. 
obtusifolius, Z. Europe, &c. 

— var. sylvestris (Wallr.). 
occidentalis, S. Wats. N. W. 


A a. 
Patientia, Z. S. Europe, &c. 
pulcher, T Europe, &c. 
eus, a Mediterranean re- 
N. 


salicifelius, Weinm. 


sanguineus, L. N. temperate | 


zone. 
vesicarius, L. Greece, Orient, 
&c. 


Ruta graveolens, L. S. Europe. 
Sagina ete Fenzl. Europe. 
— pilifera, (Fenzl). 
Supit PA 
: sinuata, Ruiz & Pa 
Salvia argentea, L. Mediterranean 
utv. Caucasus. 


eri, "Tra 
ica, Boiss. Asia Minor. 
aar i L. Europe. 


Salvia—c 
Columbarii, Benth. California. 
glutinosa, T: urope, &c. 
grandiflora, Etling. Asia 


inor. 

hians, Royle. Himalaya. 

Horminum, Z. Mediterranean 
i 


region. x: 
— var. bracteis roseis. 

var. bracteis violaceis. 
titii: Schousb. Marocco. 
lanceolat m Brouss. N. W. 


mer 

lyrata, L N. America. 

Dee Wall. Himalaya. 
. E. Europe. 

pratensis È Europe, &c. 


— var. r. Baumgarteni, (Heuff.) 


schiedeana, a, Stapf Mexico. 
Se L. editerranean 


region 

sylvest ris, L. Eur 

tiliaefolia, Vahl. Mexico 
Verbenaca, L. Europe, &e. 

== . disermas, (Sibth. & 


veriti: = S. Europe. 
virgata, Ait. E urope. 
viscosa, Jacg. Europe. 
Samolus Valerandi, Z. Temperate 
ST 


— var. americanus, A. Gray. 
N. America. 

Sanvitalia procumbens, Lam. 
Mexico. 

Saponaria calabrica, Guss. Italy, 


orientalis, L. Orient. 
Vaccaria, L. Europe, &c. 
Saracha Jaltomata, Schlecht. 
Mexico. 

Satureja montana, L. Europe, &c. 
Saussurea albescens, Hook. f. & 
Thoms. Himala aya. 

Saxifragra Aizoon, Z. Europe 
— var. Churchillii, Xu. 
— var. — (Bruegg). 
— var. inerus me 


— var 
— var. pene (Schott). 
var. 


— var. rosularis, Schleich. 


26 


Saxifragra—cont. 
bulbifera, Z. Europe 
caespitosa, Z. i & arctic 
ogan. 


r. hir 
dub: Willd, Caucasus, ; 


cochlearis, Reichb. S. ione. 
Se M Europe. 
is,(La 


yr. 
erustata, Pest Alps of Europe. 
e IV. Europe. 
gcse pes. Spain, &c. 
granulata, Z. Eu onem 
Fond uc. Eur 
var. altissima iy 


Styria. . 


y 
— var. macnabiana, Hort. 


xu mrs ta, Be rope. 
var. lantose scana, Ban. P 

po t.). 

longifolia, Lapeyr. — 

— Var. 


var. pygmaea ( 
Te Torr. & Wy. Cali- 
item L. Euro 
rocheliana, Ster a. var. corio- 
phylla, - (Griseb.). E. 
Europe 
rotundifolia, L. Europe. 
— var. hirsuta. 
umbrosa, L. W. Europe. 
valdensis, DC. Piedmont, &e. 
Scabiosa amoena,Jacq. Asia Minor, 
&c. 
arven e L. Europe, &e. 


peto S. Europe,&c. 
Vulf. S. Europe, 


atr 
MEM 
&c. 
Columbaria, Z. Europe, &e. 
graminifolia, L. S. Europe, &e. 
eee L. Mediterranean 
integrifolia, L. Greece & Asia 
T Caucasus, &e. 


Pree 


Vis. ; Mace- 


ire E. = 


eodem ica, 


.... doni 
* mie satia. 
Mn Minor, 


Scabiosa—cont. 
palaestina, £L. Bore 
— ni 

reec 
Portae, ater: Europe. 
prolifera, Z. Syria. 
Ssarocepbele, A Greece, 
ccisa, L. Europe, &c. 
sylvatica, ne Parone: &c. 
ucranica, Z. S. Europe. 
vestina, Fate. Europe. 


Reut. 


Sm " 


Scandix — Balansae, Asia 
Mino 


Schizanthus pinnatus, Ruiz & Pav. 
Chili 


ili. 
retusus, Hook. Chili & Peru. 
Schizopetalum RIS Sims. 
Chili. 
Scilla festalis, Salisb. W. Europe. 
hispa em Mill. Europe. 
sibiri Andre 
Mino r, &c. 
verna, Huds. W: Europe. 


Asia 


TEWS. 


Scirpus Eriophorum, Miche. N. 
America. 
Holoscheenus, L. Old World. 
setaceus, L. Europe, &c. 
triqueter, Z. Europe, &c. 


Scleranthus annuus, L. Europe, 
a L. Europe, &e. 
Sclerocarpus uniserialis, Benth. & 
Hook. f. Mexico. 
Scolymus maculatus, Z. Europe. 
Scopolia lurida, Dun. Himalaya. 


Scorpiurus vermiculata, Z. Medi 
` terranean region 


Seorsónete bispaniet L.S. Europe. 
laciniata, Z, Mediterranean 
reed & 
SerephuMe alata, Gilib. Europe. 
L. Europe. 
€ = k N. Py temperate 


nodosa, 
. region 

rodoni bui, L. Europe, &c. 
sylvatica, Boiss. 4 Heldr. 


reece. 
vernalis, £L, Europe. 


27 


Scutellaria albida, L. S. E. Europe. 
alpina, Z. ME an en 
altissima, Z. Caucasus, &c. 
baicalensis, dE. "Siberia, 


galericulata, L. N. temperate 
regions. 


Secale Cereale, Z. Orient. 


Sedum Aizoon, Z. Siberia. 
alb 


bum, L "Europe, &e 
coeruleum, Vahl. S. Europe. 
Ewersii, Ledeb. Siberia, &oc. 


Sut. 
— var. CUm E E 
middendorfianum 
Amurland. 
roseum, terit N. temperate 


rupestre, i Eur 
Telephium, Z. Tirepo; &e, 
villosum, Z. Europe, &c. 
wallichianum, Hook. 
Thoms. Himalaya. 


$ 
Selinum Gmelini, Bray. N.regions. 
Sempervivum — Lecog & 


Lamotte. Fra 
mettenianum, Schnitsp. Swit- 
zerland. 


montanum, Z. Alps and 
Pyrenees. 
tectorum, L. Europe, &c. 


— var rusticanum, Hort. 
Senecio ^ adonidifolius, 
Europe. 


aegyptius, L. Egypt. 
Cineraria, DC. Mediterranean 


K ow Wall. Himalaya. 
Doria, Z. Europe, &c. 
Doronieum, Z. Europe. 

elegans, L. S. Africa, 
japonicus, Sch, Bip. Japan. 
Kaempferi, DC. Japan 
macrophyllus, Bieb. Caucasus. 
nemorensis, L. S. Europe, &c. 
E 


thyrsoideus, DC. S. Afri 
viscosus, L. Europe, &c. 


Loisel. 


Serratula coronata, Z. Siberia. 
— var. macrophylla. 
Gmelinii, Ledeb, Siberia. 
quinquefolia, Bieb. Caucasus. 
tinctoria, L. Europe. 


Sesamum indicum, Z. Tropical 
regions. , 


Seseli attra us Sm. Crimea. 
s, Koch. Europe, &c. 
IG p antz. Europe. 
Sesleria cylindrica, DC. Europe. 
Setaria laco Beauv. Tropical 
ubtropical regions. 
ated, Spreng. India, 
&c. 


verticillata, Beauv. Cosmopo- 
litan. 
viridis, Beauv. Cosmopolitan. 
Sicyos bryoniaefolia, Moris. Chili. 
Sidaleea candida, 4. Gray. New 
Mexico. 
Sideritis scordioides, L. S. Europe. 
Silene alpestris, Jacq. Foo 
Arm 


colorata, Poir. Monitarcanean 


region 
conoidea, L. Europe. 
cretica, 
Cucubalus, 


echinat a, Otth. S. Europe. 
fim trist, Sims. Caucasus. 
Fortunei, Vis. China. 

ipie Link. Mediterranean 


zu t. Euro 
glauca, Pourr 
italica, Pers. “Mediterranean 


. Europe. 
Wibel. Europe, 


region 
jonm, Delile, Asia Minor. 
laeta W. Mediterra 
i nean ri 

linic C.Gmel. y. 
e “Oia Ti k 
— Ehrh. E. Europe, 


Maseipule, dA Mediterranean 
region. 


28 


Silene—coné. 
noctiflora, L. Europe, &c. 
nutans, L. Europe, &c. 
obtusifolia, Willd. W. Medi- 
ean region, 
DIDE L. S. Euro 
pendula, JZ. iraa 
aen Miche. N. 
Amerie 
So tendis, $. Spain. 
pseudo-atocion, Desf.. N: 
Afric 


aiiidh L. Europe. 


tenuis, Willd. Siberia. 
undulata, 4 it. S. Africa. 
valles uid = Europe. 
perenni , S. Wats. Cali- 


er J.. Gay. Asia 


Minor. 
vespertina, Retz. Mediterra- 
nean region 


Silphium integrifolium, Michx. N. 
merica. 
perfoliatum, Z. N. Am 
scaberrimum, EUN. dian. 
Silybum eburneum, Coss. § Dur. 
N. Africa, &c. 
Marianum, Gaertn. Europe. 
Sisymbrium assoanum, Lose. 4 
Pard. Spain. 
austriacum, Jacg. Europe. 
erysimoides, Desf. Mediterra- 
nean region, &c. 
hispanicum, Jacq. Spain. 
multifidum, Willd. Siberia. 
officinale, Scop. S. Europe, 
&c. 


polyceratiam, L. Europe, &c. 
Sophia, L. bee ae regions. 
strictissimum, L. Europe. 
tanacetifolium, L. Europe. 


Sisyrinchium angustifolium, Mill. 
N. America. 
striatum, Sm. Argentina, &c. 
Sium latifolium, Z. Europe, &c. 


Smilacina racemosa, Desf. N. 
merica 
: ov stellata, Desf. N. America. 


Smyrnium Olusatrum, L. Europe, 
&e. 
Solanum guineense, Lam. Trop. 
Vu rica. 
rostratum, Dun. Mexico. 


“aloe: Willd. Europe. 
pee ri Ait. N. America. 


s, L. N. Am 
Dru maurs Torr 4 [o 
N. America. 
mete Ait. Origin un- 
cer 


elongate; Nutt. N. America. 
pono Michx. S. United 


Sta 
lihospernitol Willd. Habi - 
tat unkno 
Virgaurea, ys N. temperate 
regions 
Sonchus oleraceus, Z. Europe. 


palustris, L. Europe, &c. 
EX yrs J. F. Gmel. 
mind faleata, am DC. Medi- 


terranean region 
— var. castellana, Lange. 
A.DC. 


pentagonia, Asia 
Minor. 
perfoliata, A. DC. N. 


merica. 
Speculum, A.DC. Europe, 


Spergula arvensis, L. Europe. 
iine Ar L. N. temperate 


regio 
digitata, Willd. Siberia. 
Ulmaria, L. Europe, &c. 
Stachys alpina, Z. Europe. 
intermedia. 
L. temperate 


— var. inte 


arvensis, 


regions. 
Betonica, Benth, Europe, Kc. 


Lees urope, &e. - 
grandiflora, Benth, Asia 
spinulosa, Sibth. & Sm. 


reece, &c. : 
setifera, C. A. Mey. Asia 


inor: 
sylvatica, L. Europe, &c. 


29 


Statice bellidifolia, Gouan. Europe. 
cord d L. Medi terranean 


regio 
Gmdlinli, Willd. Caucasus, 
&c. 


gougetiana, Girard. Spain. 
Limonium, L. Europe, &c. 
sinuata, Mediterranean 
region 
speciosa, T Caucasus, &c. 
Suworowii, Regel. 
rica, L. Caucasus, &c 
tomentella, Boiss. S Russia. 
Stevia Eupatoria, Willd. Mexico. 
ovata, Lag. Mexico. 
Stipa premers L. Mediterranean 
ion. 
Wahlenb. 


reg 
Calamagrostis, 
urope. 
pennata, L. Europe, &c. 
sibirica, Lam. Siberia, &c. 
Suaeda maritima, Dum. N. & S. 
temperate regions. 
Succowia balearica, Medic. Medi- 
terranean region. 
Swertia cordata, Wall. Himalaya. 
perennis, N. temperate 


Symphyandra Hofmanni, Pant. 
sni 


pendula, A.DC. Caucasus 
Wanneri, Heuff.Transsylvania. 


Symphytum officinale, Z. Europe. 


Syrenia sessiliflora, Ledeb. S. 
Russia, &c. 
Tagetes meida; Cav. meis 


patula, Z. Mexi 
pusilla, H.B. & yd Ecuador. 


Tamus communis, Z. Europe, &c. 
Tanacetum vulgare, L. Europe, &c. 
Taraxacum gymnanthum, DC. 
Mediterranean region. 
Tou du su" L. Mediter- 
an region, &c. 


Tellima pase R.Br. N.W. 


Tetragonia crystallina, D’ Herit. 


eru. 
expansa, Murr, Australia. 


| 
| 
| 


. Thermopsis 
urtis 


— 


Teucrium Arduini, Z. S. Europe. 
ureum, Schreb. S. Europe. 
Botrys, L. Europe, &e. 
canadense, L. N. America. 
Chamaedrys, L. Europe, &e. 
— var. aurea. 
multiflorum, Z. Spain. 
Scorodonia, Z. Europe. 


| Thalictrum angustifolium, Z. 
Central | 


urope, &c. 
aquilegifolium, Z. Europe, &e. 
— var. purpureum. 
flavum, Z. Europe, &c. 

— var. sphaerocarpum, (Lej. 


< 


squarrosum, Stephan. Siberia. 


Thelesperma filifolium, A. Gray. 
N.W. America. 


caroliniana, M. A. 
. N. America 
lanceolata, R. Br. Siberia. 
montana, Nutt. N. America. 
Thadiantha dubia, Bunge. China. 
Thlaspi alliaceum, Z. Europe. 
arvense, Z. Europe, &c. 
Murr. Asia 


&e. 


ceratocarpon, 


inor, &c. 
perfoliatum, Z. Europe, 
praecox, Wulf. Austria. 


Thymus comosus, Heuff. Trans- 
sylvania. 

Tinantia fugax, Scheidw. Tropi- 
eal America. 

Tofieldia calyculata, Wahlenb. 
Eu &e 

Tolmiea Menziesii, Torr. $ Gray. 
N. W. America. 


Tolpis barbata, Gaertn. Mediter- 
ranean region. 


- 


30 


Tordylium cordatum, Poir. Crete, 
&c. 

Trachelium caeruleum, L. W. 
Mediterranean region. 
Trachymene pilosa, Sm. Australia, 
Tragopogon orientalis, £L. Europe, 
pratensis, L. Europe, &c. 
Tricholepis furcata, DC. Hima- 

laya. 


Tridax trilobata, Hemsl. Mexico. 
Trifolium agrarium, L. Europe, &c. 


armenium, illd. Asia Minor. 
bifidum, Gray. var. decipiens. 


California. 
glomeratum, L. Europe. 
hybridum, urope. 
ganan L. sd e 


Lagrangei, Boiss. Orient. 
A ES Bi eb. Crimea, &c. 
medium, L. Europe. 


- J minus, AGO 
pannonicum urope, &c. 


Perreymondi, Gren. & Godr. 


France. 
prateuse, L. Europe. 
repens, L. Europe. 
resupinatum, L. Europe. 
roscidum, Greene. California. 


rubens, 
spumosum, e: Mediterranean 
n. 
squarrosum, L, S. W. Europe. 
tomentosum, LS Europe. 
tridentatum, Lindl. N.W 
America. 


Triglochin maritimum, L. Europe. 
pal pe. 


ustre, L. Europe 
Trigonella Balansae, Boiss. & Reut. 
ia Minor, &c. 
S. a 
rope. 


Euro 
ovalis, Boiss. Spain. 
polycerata, L. S. Europe. 
radiata, Boiss. Orient. 


Trillium grandiflorum, Salisb. N. 
America. 


Trinia Hoffmanni, Bieb. E. Europe, 


e. 
Kitaibelii, Bieb. E. Europe, 
&e. , 


Tripteris cheiranthifolia, Schultz. 
Abyssinia. 


"Trisetum flavescens, Beauv. 
urope, &c. 
rigidum, Roem. & Schult. Asia 
Minor, &c: 


Triticum daras, Desf. S. Europe, 
N. Afric 


iain L. Europe. 

ovatum, Rasp. Europe. 

triunciale, Rasp. Europe. 

villesum, Beauv. Europe. 

violaceum, Mornem. 
Europe. 


N, 


Tritonia Nu Hort. 


arden orig 
Pottsii, "Benth. S: Africa, 
TM asiaticus, L. Siberia, &c. 
E &e 


uropaeus, , 
— var. napellifolius. 
Tropaeolum aduncum, Sm. Peru, 


majus, L. Peru. 
minus, Z. eae 

Troximon, Amer 
gran ndiflor um, p dt Gray. N.W. 

erica. 
heterophyllum, Greene. N.W. 
laciniatum, A. Gray. N. 

America. 

Tunica illyrica, Boiss. S.Europe,&c. 
prolifera, Scop. Europe, &c. 
Saxifraga, Scop. 

Typha angustifolia, Z. Ree &c. 
latifolis ia, L. Euro e, 
stenophylla, F isch. F " Mey. 

Europe. 


Urospermum mee i Desf. 
. Eur 


picroides, "Desf. S. Europe. 

Ursinia pulchra, N. E. Br. S. 
Africa. 

S. 


Urtica om cu Poir. 


pilulife era, `L. Europe. 
— var. balearica, (Z.). 


31 


Urtica—conxt. 
thunbergiana, Sieb. $ Zucc. 
Japan. 
Valeriana  alliariaefolia, Vahl. 
Europe. 
oficiguie L. Europe. 
— var. 
— var. sambuciflin (Mikan), 
Phu, Z. Cau 
Valerianella 
E 


cifra: Loisel. 


urope, &c. 
coronata, DC. S. Europe. 


vesicaria, Moench. S. Europe, 


e. 

Veratrum album, Z. Europe, &c. 
nigrum, L. Europe, &c. 
viride, Ait. N. America. 

Verbascum No L. Europe. 
Chai Vill. S.W. Europe. 
malacotrichum Bo. & Heldr. 


pe 
nigrum, L. Eur opa &e. 
phlomoides, L. Eur E 
pyramidatum, Bieb. Crimea, 


sinuatum, L. Europe, &c. 
ae Schrad. E. Europe. 
Thapsus, L. Europe. 
virgatum, With. Europe. 


Verbena Aubletia, L. N. America. 
bonariensis, L. S. America. 
caroliniana, Micha. S. United 

tates. 
officinalis, Z. Europe, &c. 
Vernonia altissima, Nutt. United 
States. 


Veronica APTA L. iid &c. 
r. pinnati 

Bidwillit, Hook. N. Zealand. 
Buxbaumii, Tenore. Europe, 


exaltata, Maud. Siberia. 
murem, LS. shen &c. 
sa, Ait. Sibe 
longifolia, L. Europë, &c. 
— var. subsessilis, Mig. 
Lyallii, Hook f. N. Zealand. 
officinalis, Z. Europe, &c. 
repens, DC. Corsica. 


Veronica—cont. 

saxatilis, ng Eur 
nee thesis it, greet &c. 
spica urope, &c 
dent rium j d. Europe, &c. 
—- var. latifolia, (L. 3 
arame L. N. Am 

ar. apai, ( Steud. d. 


Vicia due Dorth. S$. 
e, &c. 

argentea, Lapeyr. Pyrenees. 

ges purea i S- 


rope. 
PMryies, L. Mediterranean 


ealearata, Desf. Mediterra- 
nean region, &c. 
, L. N. hemisphere. 


mer 
hirsuta, & È Gray. Europe, 


narbonensis, L. Mediterra- 


vilib, Roth. Europe, &c. 
Vincetoxicum MÀ Reichb. f. 


xr 
nigrum ies "Europe, &c. 
ote Mose. m 


Viola elatior, Fries. Europe, & 
Jooi, Janka. 


iiaiai. 
lactea, urope 
odorata, L. Eur urope, &c. 
palustris, L. N. temperate 


regions. 

striata, Ait. N. America. 
syrtica, Siind. Europe. 
aivoni Lam. Europe, &e. 
tricolor, Z. Europe, &c. 


Wahlenbergia capensis, .4.DC. 
S. Afric 


graminifolia, 4 A ex Italy, &c. 
undulata, A ; 


32 


Wulfenia carinthiaca, Jacg. Car- 
inthia. 


Xanthium strumarium, L. Europe, 
&c. 


ee gymnospermoi- 
d 9) HAE 


Benth. 
Arizona 


Xeranthemum annuum, 
Europe, &c. 


cylindraceum, Sibth. & Sm. 
Europe, &c. 


d TN 


| 
Zaluzianskya capensis, Walp, S. 
Africa. 


Zea Mays, L. Cultivated. 


Zinnia te med Jacq. ccr 
mu a, L. Mex 
meriti. Jacq. Mexico, &e. 


C ie ia ree L. E. Eur 
, L. S. Europe, aia 
&e. 


Zygadenus elegans, Pursh. N. 
America. 


TREES 


AND 


SHRUBS 


Acanthopanax sessiliflorum, Seem. 
China. 


Acer argutum, Mazim. Japan. 
m 


campestre, Z. Euro 
— var. collinum, Wallr 
circinatum, Pursh. N.W. 


merica, 
Heldreichi, Orph. E. Europe. 
hyreanum, Fisch. & Mey. Cau- 


casus. 
insigne, 


& Buhse. 
e 
laetum, €. A. Mey. Caucasus, 


macrophyllum, Pursh. Cali- 
fap &e. 
nspessulan um, Z. Europe 
opulifolium, Vill. Eur rope. 
— var. neapolitanum 
pictum, Thunb. Mandshuria, 


platanoides, L. rares 
var. integrilobum 
PoE Ei Europe, 


— lutescens. 
— var. purpureum, Hort. 
E Wangenh. N. 
A meri 
oim, L E. Europe, &c. 
Volxemi, Mast. Caucasus, 


Ailantus glandulosa, Desf. China. 
Akebia lobata, Decne. Japan. 
Alnus cordifolia, Tenore. cei 
firma, S. & Z. Ja 
pom Gaertn. Eur ope. 
i Willd. N. hemisphere. 
japonica, Szeb.& Zucc. Japan. 
Villd. 


serrulata, Willd. N. America. 
Seno Gi A. Mey. Cau- 


viridis, DC. Northern hemi- 
sphere 

Amelanchier mr Nutt. N. 

canadensis, Torr. $ Gray. N. 


America 
n 94414. 


Amelanchier—coz£. 
— var. oblongifolia, Torr. § 


vulgaris, Moench, Europe, &c. 


A pl frut yd Sonta niae 
States 
Aralia chinensis, P China. 
s sa, L. N. America. 


Arbutus Andrachne, Z. Levant. 
Arctostaphylos Uva Ursi, Spreng. 
— var. californica. 
Asimina triloba, Dunal. S. United 
States. 
Aucuba japonica, Thunb. Japan. 
Baccharis halimifolia, Z. N. 
America. 
Berberis angulosa, Wall. Hima- 
laya. 
aristata, DC. Himalaya. 
— var. floribunda. 
Aquifolium, Puri. W. N. 


America 
— var. Pen ed Nichols. 


r. murrayan 
buxifolia, Lam. Chili. 
aa Poe Pursh. N. 
Ameri 
concinna, - dE a gere 
Darwinii, Hook. C 


repens, Lindl. N. je 
Sieboldii, Mig. China, Teen 
sinensis, ‘Desf ina, &c. 
ku e Schrad. Origin 


Tne, DC. ï apan. 


virescens, Hook. f. Hima- 
aya. 

vulgaris, Z. Europe, &c. 
— var. iberica, Hort. 


— var. foliis purpureis. 
ERr R DC. Himalaya. 

Betula alba, Z. N. Hemisphere. 

ubescens, Loud. 


che. N. America 
C 


x Qin "n Jaume. 


Betula—cont. 
papyrifera, Marsh. N. 
merica. 
populifolia, Marsh. N. 
America. 


pumila, Z. N. America. 

. ulmifolia, Sieb. $ Zucc. Japan. 

Bruckenthalia spiculifolia, Reichb. 
Europe, &c. 

Bryanthus'empetriformis, A, Gray. 
N. America. 

Buddleia japonica, Hemsl. Japan. 

Bumelia lanuginosa, Pers, N. 

a. 
Buxus sempervirens, L. Europe, 


— var. latifolia. 
— var. prostrata. 


Calluna vulgaris, Salisb. Europe, 
&c. 

Calophaca wolgarica, Fisch. S 
Russia. |. 


3 c glaucus, Willd. N. 
Americ 


cece Hook. & Arn. 
Californ 
Caragana os escens, Lam. 
iberi pe &c. 
— var 


pem 
—v wskii. 
frutesida, "DC. South Russia 
o Japan. ~- 
microphylla, Lam. Altai, &c. 
pygmaea; DC. Siberia. 
— var. aurantiaca. 


Carmichaelia australis, Rk. Br. N. 


ealand. 
flagelliformis, Colenso. N. 
Zealand. 


nd eb veran L. Europe, &e. 


sa. 
Psi eie Walt N. America. 


orientalis Mill. S. Europe. 
' Carya porcina, Nutt. N. America. 


Cassandra calyculata, D. Don. N. 
Hemisphere 
. Cassinia ee Hook. f. N. 
Zea 


W. 
Ken tncky, Tennessee, &c. 


Ceanothus americanus, L.E. United 
States. 


Arnoldi, Hort. Pet origin. 
azureus, m m 
andiflorus Horto "CERIS 


pisc 

spinosus, Nutt. California. 
Celastrus- articulatus, Thunb. 

apan. - 

scandens, Z. N. America. ` 
Celtis Geiger N. America. 

Tournefortii, Lam. Orient. 
Cups occidentalis, Z. N.. 

America. , 


Cercis Siliquastrum, L. S. Europe, 
&e 


Cistus laurifolius, Z. S.W. Europe. 
Cladrastis amurensis, Benth. Amur- 


a 
Clematis Mn, Mill. N. Europe, 
&c. 


Flammula, Z. S. Europe, &c. 
fusca, Turc. China & Japan. 
integrifolia, Z. Europe. 
lanuginose, Lindl. China. 


orr. & Gray. var. 
lasiostylis. S. United States. 
songorica, pur Siberia. 
a, L. United States. 


Clethra uo da M. United 
Sta 


Colutea me L. Eur., &c. 
— var. nepalensis 
cruenta, Ait. Orient. 
Cocculus carolinus, DC. S. United 
5 s. 
melanocalyx, Boiss. Asia 
Minor. 
Coriaria japonica, A. Gray. Japan: 
Cornus alba, L. N. Asia 
alternifolia, L. f N. America. 
momum, Mill. N. America 
Baileyi, Coult. po Evans. N 
America 
cotisa Marsh. N. 
beni "P Herit. N.America, 
mem Benth. California. 
Mas, L. Europe, &e. 


35 


Cornus—cont 
b 


t. West N. 


sanguinea, L. Europe. 


Corylus rostrata, Azt. N. America. 


Cotoneaster acuminata, Lindl. 


imalaya. 


affinis, Lindl. Himalaya. 


bacillaris, Wi all. 


Himalaya. 


integer Medic. Esse 


laxiflora, Jacq. Sib 


lue € Schlec ‘ht. 


Origin un- 


kno 
NEAN Wall. Eee 
multiflora, Bunge. 
Nummolaria, cg p Mey. 


Europe, 
rotundifolia, Wall. icem: 


Simonsii, Baker. 


malaya 


thymifolia, Baker. Min rx 


— Carriérei, 
den origin. 


Vauvel. Gar- 


coccinea, L. E. United States. 
—var. macracantha, died 
peo x Maxim. Mand- 


uria. 
Crus-Galli , L. N. America. 
Douglasii, " Lindl. West, N. 
An 


merica. 

— var. rivularis, Nutt. 
ava, Ait, S.E. United States. 
heterophylla, Fluegg. signet 


hiemalis, Lange. 
known. 

mel 

monogyna, Jacq. 


— var. ee 


pons as alds 


Mi gap e Pall. € 

— var. sanguin 

oxyacanthoides, 
"World. 


Origi ne 


Caucasus. 


anocarpa, Bieb. 
mollis, Mus United States. 


Old World. 
Loud. 
noe. B. 
Orient. 


Thuil |. Old 


— var. fructu luteo. 


Crategus—cont 
punctata, Jacq. E. and N. 

America. 
ice Pers. S. Europe, 


aica, Boiss. Orient. 
anaetoa, Pers. Orient. 
srw a: L. E. United 
tates 


uniflora, “Muench. S. United 
States. 
Cryptomeria noms D. Don. 
Japan, Chin 


Cupressus Sai uss Endl.Mexico. 
lawsoniana, Murr. California, 


Insit&nica/ Mill. Locality un- 
nootkatensis, Lamb. N.W. 


America. 
obtusa, C. Koch. Japan. 
pisifera, C. Koch. Japan. 
thyoides, Z. N. America. 
Cytisus albus, Z. S.W. Europe. 
bi 


nigricans, rope. 
praecox, Hort. Gurden origin. 
Boiss, Europe. 


pargans, 
purpureus, Scop. E. Europe. 
pa rope. 
r. pendulus, Hort 
sessilifolius, L. Europe 
Daboécia polifolia, D. Don. W. 
Europe. 


Daphne Mezereum, L. Europe. 
— var. flore albo. 


Desmodium ciliare, DC. N. 
America. 
euspidatum, Hook: N. 
America. 
— Boott. N. 
riea. 
viridifloram, Bech. N. 
America, 


Deutzia crenata, S. § Z. Japan. 
seabra, Thunb. Japan. 


Diervilla horiensis, S. & Z. J 
sessi ai ia, Buckl. i 
nessee. 
S splendens. 
D 


36 


Dorycinum suffruticosum, Vill. 
Macedonia. 


Eccremocarpus scaber, Ruiz & 
Pav. Chili. 
Ehretia elliptica, DC. Japan, &c. 
Elaeagnus argentea, Pursh. N. 
ica. 
longipes, A. Gray. Japan. 
umbellata, Thunb. Japan. 


' Erica —— L. the 
cin a, L. Eur 


Tetras, L. Euro 
ns, rA M. 
Watsoni, DC. Britain. 
Escallonia punetata, DC. Chili. 
rubra, Pers. Chili. 


Euonymus atropurpureus, Jacq. 
N ica. 


europaeus, L. Europe. 
hamiltonianus, Wall. Hima- 


latifolius, Scop. Europe. 


macropterus, Rupr. Amur E 


an 
oxyphyllus, Miq. Japan. 
TENEN Alberti, Regel. Persia. 
grandiflora, Lindl. China. 


Fendlera rm: Gran S. W: 
United Sta 


Fontanesia neiii Labill. 
Asia Minor. 


Forsythia suspensa, Vahl. Japan, 
&e. 


Fraxinus bungeana, DC. China, 
Japan 
ner Marsh. N. errem 


Orn urop 
pen ni Tai: China. 
Fremontia californica, Torr. Cali- 
fornia. 


eee proeumbens, ii E 
rica. 


Vrrilastelii Hook. f. Hima- 
la 


aya. 
Shallon, Pursh. W. N. 
America. i 


Gaylussacia frondosa, Torr. § 
Gray. N. America. 
resinosa, Torr. §Gr ay. N. 

America 


Genista sothnensis, DC. Sicily. > 


Europe. 
virgata, DC. Madeira. 
Gleditschia japonicə, Mig. Japan. 
Halesia corymbosa, Nichols. Japan. 
i che. Georgia 
and Florida. 
tetraptera, L. N. America. 
Hedera Helix, Z. Europe, &c. 
Hedysarum multijuga, Maxim. 
Mongoli: l 
Helianthemum vulgare, Gaertn. 
Europe. 


Hippophae rhamnoides, Z. Eur. &c. 
Hovenia dulcis, Thunb. N. Asia. 
he N. 


Hydrangea arborescens, 
paniculata, ‘Ss. & Z. Japan. 


pubescens, Decne. Japan, &c. 
radiata, alt. S.E. United 
Sta 


Hype eves gatas Barton. 
N. 


Pieve s L. Euro 
a fea 


densiflorum, j N. 
merica. 
Drummondii, Torr. & Gray. 


N. America. 
elatum, Art. N. America. 
— Thunb. J M 
hircinum, L. Eur 
hookerianom, Wight & Arn. 


malaya. 
ditiis, L. N. America. 
maculatum, Walt. N. America. 
patulum, Zhunb. India, China, 
&c. 


37 


llex Aquifolium, Z. Eur 
— var. pla deir iet 
glabra, Gray. N. America. 
N 


lucida, Torr. $ Gray. 
America. 

macropoda, Mig. am 
opaca, Ait. N, America 
oed! F. Schmidt. Sag- 
halie 

vertieillatá, A. Gray. N. 
America. 


e, L. Him 


ms reir sis, L. N. Asia 
sphaerica, Lindl. N. China. 


Jasminum AU T HI L. Europe,&c. 
alaya. 


Kalmia angustifolia, Z. N. 
Ame 


glauca, Ait. N. PETAR 
latifolia, Z. N. Ameri 


Laburnum alpinum, J. S. Presl. 
urope. 
— var. biferum, Hort. 
vulgare, J. S. Presl. Europe. 
Larix europaea, DC. Europe. 


letalis "Endl. Ja apan. 
dula, Salisb. N. America. 


Levan assurgentiflora, Kellogg. 
California. 


Ledum latifolium, Ait. N. America, 
palustre, Z. Arctic Regions. 
Base ae b wie Ell. E. 
United Sta 


Lespedega ae. Me Japan. 
repens, Barton, N. Ainerica. 
Stuvei, Nutt. N. America 

violacea, Pers. N. America. 


em OMEN D. Don. N. 
Bou 4. Gray. Virginia, 
&c. 


racemosa, A. Gray. N. 
America. 
Leycesteria formosa, Wall. Himal. 
Ligustrum lbota, Sieb. Japan. 
japonicum, Thunb. Japan, 


e ait oe L. United 
Sta 


Lonicera cae: L. Europe, 
Himala 
angustifolia, Wall. Himalaya. 
Caprifolium, Z. Europe, mar, 
EE Turcz. Amur 


Griffthii, Hook. f- & Thoms. 
p casus. 
japonica, Thunb. China and 


apan. 
Korolkowi, Pann a 
Morrowii, A. Gray. 


nigra, Z. Europe. 
orientalis, Lam, Asia Minor. 
Periclymenum, L. Euro 
ort. 


Ongar 
Sullivantii, x Gray. N.E. 
United Sta 
T = Siberia 
— var. 


than, i w 
Lupinus arboreus, L.¢įCalifornia. 
Lyoria paniculata, Nutt. 

America. 
Magnolia NM Hort. 
Garden origin. 

tripetala, gs United States. 

Menispermum eee L. N. 
Ameri 


Menziesia globularis, Salisb. Alleg- 
Tos 


albescens, C. B. 
Himalaya. 

Morus nigra, £L. Temperate Asia. 
Myrica californica, Cham. & 
Schlecht. California. 
cerifera, L. United States. 
Gale, L. N. Hemisphere. 


Fa 
Clarke. 


Neillia pene Benth. & Hook. 
an 
opalifolis, Benth. & Hook. N. 


rica. 
| thyrsiflora, Don. Himalaya. 


LJ 


Olearia Haastii, “Hook. f. `N. 
Zealand, 


Unonis fruticosa, L. Europe. 
rotundifolia, Z. Europe, 
Ostrya carpinifolia, Scop. S. 
Europe. 
Paulownia imperialis, Sieb.  & 
Zucc. Japan. 


Pernettya mucronata, Gaudich. 
ih, &c. . . 


Petteria ramentacea, Presl. E. 


urope. 
TEREA japonicum, Maxim. 
Jap 
Philadelphas accuminatus, Lange. 
tomentosus, Hook. 
euis. ms. Himalaya, 


Lidl. W, 


gor dos edi 
United States. 

grandiflorus, Willd. S. United 
States 


hirsutus, Nutt. Oregon. 
Keteleeri, Hort. Garden 


in. 
o Pursh. W. N: 
America. 
Satsumi, Siebold. Japan. 
Photinia variabilis, Hemsl. China 
and Japan. 
Picea — F. Schmidt. Sag- 
halier 


Picris japonica, D. Don. ees 


r Bent à. $ Hook E 


ted Stat 
ovalifolia, D. Dan ‘Himalaya. 
Pinus Cembra, Z Europe. 


derosa, Dougl. N.W. 


America. 
tuberculata, Gord. Oregon. 
Platanus occidentalis, Z. N. 
America. 
Populus — Marsh. N. 
piece 
Potentilla from L. North 
emispher 
Piper iat "Steph. Siberia. 
Prunus acida, Borkh. var. semper- 
florens. 


Prunus—cont. 
a 
America. 
reo Se Stokes. Orient. 
Armeniaca, L. N. China, &c. 
Avium, L. Europe, &c. 
Brigantiaca, iiia. 


Marsh. N. 


S.E. 


Mae. Mexico, &c. 
cerasifora, Ehrh. Caucasus. 
communis, Huds. Europe, 

Asia. 
grayana, Maxim. sapen: 
humilis, ’ Bunge. Chi 
Léurecorasué, Ts r r, colchica. 
lusitanica, L. f. Portugal. 
a 


E, 


Maximowiczi, Rupr. Japan. 
Mume, S. § Z. Ja 
Persica, Stokes. var, foliis 
prostrata, Labill. Orient. 
Puddum, Roxb. Himalaya. 
pumila, Z. N. America. 
serotina, Ehrh. N. America. 
tomentosa, Thunb. China, 
Japan. 
virginiana, L. N. erica. 
Ptelea angustifolia, Benth. Cali- 
ornia, &c. 
— L. — States. 


r. glau 
Pisses americana, 1 “DC. N. America. 
Aria, L. 


arbutifolia, Ls LN.) America. 
Aucuparia, Gaertn. Europe, 


e, 

auricularis, — Europe. 

baccata, 

betulaefolia, E Japan, 
&c. 

communis, l. Europe, Asia. 

coronaria, Z. E. United 
States. 

Cydonia, L. S. Europe, &c. 

hs come Nichols. Origin 


foranas la, Ni chols. Japan 
— var. Sche ideckeri, Hort. 
germanica, Hook. f. Europe, 


sia. 

intermedia, Ehrh. Europe. 

japonica, Thunb. hiak, 
Japan 


39 


Pyru 


s—cont. 
lanata, D. Don. Himalaya. 
lobata, Nichols. Caucasus 


nigra, Sargent. N. America. 
nivalis, Jacg. Levant, &e. 
pinnatifida, Lhrh. Europe. 


prunifolia, otha Siberia, &c. 


Ringo, Maxim. Japan. 
iki go f. India. 
orbus, Gaertn. Europe. 


spectabilis, Ait. China, Japan. 


spuria, DC. Hybrid oe 
iink Sieb. Japan 


Rhamnus REOR z iiil 


pee m prs D. 
alaya. 


— VAT, 


angustifo 

carolinianus, 
States 

catharticus, L. Europe, &c. 


tinctorius, 
Europe, 


brachycarpum, G, Don. = sa 
ver PURA 1 D, Don 


malaya. 
caucasicum, Pall. Caucasus. 
collettianum, Aitch. & Hemsl. 


ybrid. 
Ungerni, Trautv. Caucasus 
viscosum, Torr. N. Ameri 


Rhodotypus kerrioides, Sieb. & 
Zucc. Japan. : 


Rhus ag, L. y vice 


glabra, L. N. Am 
integrifolia, Benth. "5 5 Hook. J^ 
Californ 

ovata, S. Wats. California. 
succedanea, Z. China and 


apan. 
Toxicodendron, L. N. Amer- 
ica, Japan. 


trichocarpa, Mig. Japan. 
typhina, ‘L. N. America. 


S. U. 


r 
Waldst. z^ Kit. 


Ribes poser L. Europe 


milum, Post: 
iddi Pursh. N.W. Amer. 
— var. aurantiacum minus, 
Hort 


— var. praecox, Lindl. 
— var. “Dea V Torr. 
OW. United 


tates. 
divaricatum, Dougl. W. N. 
eri 


RET L. N. Hemi- 
sphere 

laxiiorum, Pursh. W. United 
Sta 

robésind, Hort. 

Pursh. N.W. 


a. 
— var. atrosanguineum, Mort, 
— var. epruinosum, K. 


Robinia Pseudacacia, L. E. United 
States. 


Rosa acicularis, Lindl. Siberia, &c. 


— Yi yrenaica, 2 

arkansana, Porter. United 
States. 

beggeriana, Schrenk. Asia. 

— var. Schrenki. 


blanda, Ait. N. America. 


amascena, Mill. E. T 


Fendleri, Crépin. New 
X . 

ferruginea, Vill. Europe. 

dee LS. 3d 


hiberniea, Sm. Britai 

Jubii; Ehrh. N. pam 
— var. iflora. 

hispida, Sims. Garden origin. 
humilis, Marsh, N. America. 
pm Sm. var. Wilsoni, 


er. 

Jund àzilli Besser. Europe. 

Luciae, ied. & Rochebr. 
J 


apan. 
lutea, Mill. Orien: 
maerophylla, Lindi. India. 
— Malyi, Kerner. Euro 


— Sm. Europe. 


Rosa— 
malerophytli are China. 
e, 


a, A. Gray. West. CN. 


pomika, Herrm. Europe. 


. Japan. 

ea, Lindl. Himalaya. 

spinose L. Europe. 
— var, altaica. 

— var. fulgens, Hort. 


nisin Desv. Britain. 
sa, Sm. Europe. 
obtain: "Wall. Himalaya. 
wichuraiana, Crépin. Japan. 
Rubus affinis, Weihe & Nees. 
Euro 


balfourianus, Blox. Europe. 
Bellardii, Weihe. Europe. 


cratægifolius, Bunge. N. 

deliciosus, ames. Rocky 
Mountaius. 

dumetorum, WF. & N. Eur 

echinatus, Lindl. Britain. 

exsecatus, Muell. Europe. 


Europe. 
Koehleri, W. 4 N. Europe. 
laciniatus, Wi 
lasiostylus, Focke. China. 
Wes tu Dougl. North 


leucostachys, Sm. Europe. 
lindleyanus, Lees. Britain. 
longithyrsiger, Lees. Britain. 
macrophyllus, W. 4 N. 


Europe. 
melanolasius,Focke. N. Amer. 
neglectus, Peck. North 


America.  — 
| niveus, Wall, Himalaya. 


Rubus—cont. 
reat Blow. Britain. 
nutkan Mog W.N 
Am 
seia, in -Nei i, 
\merica. 
parvifolius, Z. China and 


phoenicolasius, Maxim. 
China, Japan. 
pubescens, Auct. Angl. 


d Weihe. Europe. 

us, Blow. Britain. 
rininntfolids, W.ó N. Europe. 
scaber, Weihe & Nees. Eu- 


rope, 
spectabilis, Pursh. North 
merica. 
Sprengelii, Weihe § Nees. 
Europe. 
suberectus, Anders. Europe. 
villicaulis, JP. 4 N. Europe 
villosus, . America. 


it. 
xanthocarpus, Franch. China. 
Ruta graveolens, L. Europe. 
Sambucus m Nutt. West N. 
Am 


nigra, p pem &e. 
r. swindonensis, i ort. 
— var. virescens, Hor 
racemosa, L. North. That 
sphere. 


— var. serratifolia. 
Santolina viddis, Willd. Europe. 
Schizandra chinensis, Baill. 
China, &c. 
Skimmia miris icm Mast. (S. ja- 
ponica, Hort.) China. 


i D 


Smilax oluadiloba, 
Ameri 


Sophora alopecuroides, Z. Asia 
Minor, &c. : 
Spartium junceum, Z. S. Europe. 
Spiraea assimilis Zabel. Garden 
origin. ; ; 
betulifolia, Pali. N. America. 
Miei Zabel. Japan. 
D. Don. Himalaya. 
A.N. OW, 


ica. 
Douglasii, Hooke N., W 
America. ets 


lindleyana, Wall. Himalaya. 
Margaritae, Zabel. Garden 


origin. 

nobleana, Hook. California. 
notha, Zabel. Garden origin. 
in erum L. E. Europe to 


apat 
sorbitolia, L. N. Asi 
tomentosa, L. United States. 
Staphylea Bumalda, S. 4 
Japan. 
colchica, Stev. B Sil 
pinnata, Z. Eur 
Symphoricarpus Heyer appel. 
W. United Sta 


mollis, Nutt. var. ciliatus, 
Nutt. 

Mercredi Moench. N. 
Amer 

racemosus, Michx. N. 

sotumáitofios, A. Gray. W. 


United States. 
— Emodi, Wall. Himalaya. 
aponica, Deene. Japan. 
pekinensis, Rupr. China. 
persica, Z. Afghanistan. 


eae chinensis, arta China. 
gallica, Z. Eur 
ER. Pall. b Europe. 


Taxus baccata, "x Europe, &c. 


cuspidata, S. § Z. Japan. 
Tecoma > Juss. N. 
W. N. 


Thuja giganten Nutt. 
Ameri 


— var. niall Donn. 
japonica, Maxim. Japan. 
occidentalis, a ie America. 
orientalis, E ^ China and 
Japan. 
Tilia —€— Desf. Europe. 
ata, Mill. ope Asia. 
velie DC. Europe. 
platyphyllus, Boi Europe. 
Tsuga Sieboldi, Carr. Japan. 


| 


Ulex europaeus, L. Europe. 

Ulmus campestris, L. Europe, &e, 

Umbellularia californica, Nutt. 
California. 


Vaccinium Arctostaphylos, L. 
Cau &e. 


corymbosum, L. N. America. 


— var. amenum, A. Gray. 

erythrocarpum, Micha. 8. E. 
United States. 

hirsutum, Buckl. N. Caro- 
lin 

ovatum, Pursh W. N. 
America. 

padifolium, Sm. Madeira. 

pensylvanicum, Lam N. 
America 

stamineum, L. E. United 
States. 

Viburnum acerifolium, Z. N. 

United States. 

— L N. pesg 

denta alee N. America. 


r. montanum. 
hanceanum, Maii China. 
Lantana, Z. Europe. 
eei gei N. America, 
Opulus, L. Europe, &c. 
featidfoliam, L. N. America, 


Vitis Coignetia, Pull. & Planch. 
apan 
Ttov Thunb. Japan. 
ana anata . Himalaya, s 
cisperma, M. Law 
erc 


Widdringtonia ME amg Rendle. 
Central Afric 


Yucca macrocarpa, Engelm. Ari- 
Zona. 
Whipplei, Torr. California. 
Planch. 


Zanthoxylum Bungei, 
China. 


Zelkowa oe Planch. 
Japan 

Zenobia speciosa, s Don. S. E. 
United Sta 


— var. pulsed: 


ROYAL GARDENS, KEW. 


BULLETIN 


MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION, 


APPENDIX II.—1897. 


NEW GARDEN PLANTS OF THE YEAR 1896. 


The number of garden plants annually described in botanical and 
horticultural publications, both English and foreign, is now so consider- 
able that it has been thought desirable to publish a complete list of them 
in the Kew Bulletin each year. The following list comprises all the 
new introductions m during 1896. These lists are indispensable 
to the maintenance of a correct nomenclature, MD in the smaller 
botanical aiibi in correspondence wit w, which are, as a 
rule, only scantily provided with beetkéult deny AM Such a list 
will also afford information respecting new plants under cultivation at 
this establishment, many of which will be dist € from it in the 
regular course of exchange with other botanic gar ideti 

The present list includes not only plants CORRER into cbe tie 
the first time during 1896, but the most noteworthy of tho ich 

n re-introduced after being lost from cultivation. Other lait 
included in the list may have been in gardens for several years, but ‘either 
were not described or their names had not been authenticated until 
recent 

In addition to species and botanical varieties, all hybrids, whether 
introduced or of garden origin, with botanical names, and described for 
the first time in 1896, are included. It has not been thought Nd 
however, to give authorities after the names of gar hybri rids in such 
p as Cypripedium, &c. Mere garden varieties of such rdi as 
Coleus, Codicum or Narcissus are omitted for obvious reasons. 

ine itty pum the es is eited under its published name, although 
some of the names are doubtfully correct. Where, however, a correction 
has appeared Jee, this i is made. 

The name of the person in eee collection the plant was first noticed 
or described is given where kno 

An asterisk is prefixed to ad ites plants of which examples are in 
cultivation at Kew. 

e publications ne which this list is compiled, with the abbre- 

. viation used to indicate them, are as follows:—B. B.—Bulletin de 

L'Herbier Boissier. B. H. N.—Bulletin du Museum d'histoire naturelle, 

Paris. B. M.—Botanical Magazine. Bruant Cat.—Bruant e 
U 96558. 1375.—4/97. Wt. 123. 


a 


of New Plants, 1896. B. T. O.—Bulletino della R. Società Toscana di 


Orticultura. 
Gard.— The 


Q 
E 
M 
R 
Ag 
[e] 
B 
TE 
Ra 
E 
o 
et 


nationale Thoe nia de France. 
K. 


Bull Cat.—Bull, Catalogue of New, Beautiful, 
Garden C.- 


* 
. 


and Rare 
Chronitle. G. 


—Ga rdeners’ 
G. M.—Gardeners’ 


Jara: SPOT. J 


E 
Qu 
LI 
B 
RA 


me —Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Royal Gardens, Kew. L. 


indenia. 


Lem. Cat.—Lemoine, ed Kaa 
THortieulture — Catalog D. 


Lind. Cat.— 
—Mitteilungen der 


Gärtner- Ze 
Notizb 
N. G. 


R. ane Re UH. B.- 
Sand. Cat.—Sanders’ Catalogue of New Plants, 1895. Spae 
sery Catalogue. 


p 
Catalogue of Plants. W. G.—W 


Foot o 
inc Indus. 


; Scoe 


Abies grandis pendula. a D, G. 
AE 28.) Conifer H: eeping 


nated du NEAN ref L: 
Späth, Berlin. 
A 

gi are 392.) Urti S. An 
species attaining a height’ of 10 to 15 ft. 

with large te green serrated leaves. 
se ran ‘drooping tailiike pom of 
bright rose red flow New Guinea. 
(F. didnt: & Co.) 


Acanthophippium tae $ Ser 
G. C. 1896, xx., 26€.) Orchi a8 


Sanderi, N. ve a (G. se 


flow 
long, white: ` Malaya? (P. Wo Iter, 
rg. 


Magdebu 


M urs anum. 


€: hippium 
Lind. upp $ . O. 1896, 138; 


T ue t. 536.) 


e 

Š 
E, 
m 


shade with. Mq spotted and blotched 


TN P od sepals but 
whiter ip waxy white, 
diccns part see yello 
with ridges spotted. lined with 
purple. Phillipines “CL ortie itam 
Internationale, Brussels.) 
Acer campestre, var. postelense, R. 
Zauche. Tis D.G.18 6, o d Sapin 
æ. H. A yellow -leaved f of 
mingle: 


the common 


oe -- Moller’s Deutsche 


ung. M. K.—Monatsschrift S Kakteenkunde 
att ie "nig botanischen Gar 
eubert's Garten-Magazin . Es 


ue de Horticulture Belge. 
eth Cat.— 
—Veitch & Sons, 


Veitch Cat. 


iener Illustrirte Garten-Zeitung. 
The hae Aone in the descriptions of the Pane are: 
r Feet. —H. Hardy. 


ap 
H. H.—Half-hardy. 


Acer Duretti aureo-marginatunn 
CM. D. G. 1896, 79.) H. Af m with 
leaves margined and dotted with iion. 


Acer Sea Nou Ue (M: D. G. 1896 

79. . Thetw ero varieties 
of this species are — t€ by Count 
Schwerin; the na e descriptive 
enough can natio; soma 


Acer Ne guds varieties. (M. G. 
pia. 78.) The fo ollowing iim 
this SP cies are described and 


ee red —densiflorum, falcatum, 
Canisii Pariin: rectangulatum. 


Acer N He ow m— 


aM. D 
1896, 2.) H. Said to ha 


G. 
ve beem in- 


n Europe is killed 
by cold. (H. Sebrodtek Moseow.) 
Acer OR odessanum. (M. D. 

e 1896, 2.) H. <A form with leaves 

a deeper golden colour and retaining 
mt oto? longer than the ordinary 
golden Acer Negundo. (T. Rothe, 
Odessa.) 

Acer aoe re var. multicolor. 
(Gf. I ~~) A form of the 
Nor y Ma aple es large p leaves 
BF. Showing yellowish white specks 
and blotches 


Adiantum bessonian (G. C. 

1896, 12, 75; G. and p 1896, 314.) 

Filic A . lenerum 
wit orm 


crowded 
pinne. West Indies, CG. rito ) 


ES amurensis, Regel & Radde. 
(G. C. 1896, xix., 240.) Ranunculacez. 
H A pretty plant with aaah divid 
leaves and yellow flowers about 2 in. in 
diameter. North China. (Kew.) 


Aerides Bieldingi album. (L.1 
538.) Orchidem. S. A form differing 
tioni a type in having entirely sm 
flower (M. Fl. Pauwels, Deurn 
Be elgium n.) 


W ik laxifolia, E E~ M. 

.) Amarylli species of 
the mede Rigide Mina Fite The 
flow out a smell exactly like 
that of mice. Mexico. (Kew.) 

* Akebia rest "eri (B. M. t. 
sn differs 


7485.) Berber H. 
from A. quinat iw havin ng more woody 
branches, and trifoliate ios vid 
broad lobulate very pale green 

bra s, the flowers d 


of 
Japan, North China. 
(Kew. 


Alocasia Sonuléris ana gandavensis. 
CUES H. 896, 267, t. 65. Aroidee. 


constant on 
vnm — to green on the upper 
su umm (Louis De Smet-Duvivier, 
Ghe 


A abyssinica, Lam. (W.G 
02.) Lilia G. The Tatiane 
varieties are daéetibel by C. Sprenger : 
a, glauca, robusta, ov iege pyg- 
m dva: (Dammann & Co., 
Naples 


ed K. 1896, 24.) 

etween Gasteria 
longiaristata. 
-) 


-— cathe Sadi 
A ar be 
ni nigricans oe 


(Haage & Schmidt, Erfurt 


po (M. K. 1896, 24.) 
A Lire hybrid between Gasteria 
verrucosa Aloe longiaristata. 
(Haage & Schmidt, Erfurt.) 


x Chludowii. (M. K. 1896, Sef 
G. A garden hybrid, whose press 
given as probably Gasteria scab 
and G. verrucosa, (Haage & Schmidt, 
-) 


Aloe cyanea. (M. K. de 24.) - 


A garden hybrid between A. glauca an 
A. incana. (Haage & Schmit, Erfurt. ` 
Al M. K. 1896, = 


(Haage & Schmidt, 


45 


Aloe Holtzei. (M. K. G. 
A garden hybrid sire e probable CON 
are given as di d 
Haworthia Radula. Ginige & Schmidt, 

Erfurt.) 


Aloe Hoyeri (M. K. 1896, 24.) G. 
A garden hybrid between "Aloe ser- 
rata and Lomatophyllum borbonicum. 
(Haage & Schmidt, Erfurt.) 


Ales hybrida gloriosa. (M.K.1 
G. A garden hybrid tivi dol 
maophyiun borbonicum and Gasteria 
aculata. (Haage & Schmidt, Erfurt.) 


M.K. 1896, 27.) G. 


a 
(Haage & Schmidt, Erfurt.) 


Aloe Lauchei. (M. K. 1896, 27.) G. 
A garden oie ctr Gasteria 
pulchra and G. s (Haage & 
Schmidt, Erfurt "d 


— eb m (M. K. 1896, "i 
A garden hybrid of which 
tongia istata is one of the esa 
(Haage & Schmidt, Erfurt.) 


Aloe Quehlii. (M. K. 1896, 97.) 


Sehmidt, Erfurt.) 


Amaranthus Dussii, Sprenger. 

CB. T. O. 1696, 178.) Amarantacee 

some ann 

a 

variety of A. Peni West Indies. 
(Dammann " Co., Naples.) 


Amaranthis superbus. (///. H. 1896, 
141, f. 15.) H. H. Probably a variety 
of 2 ; melancholicus Me elliptie leaves 
blood-red abov rimson beneath. 
(Dammann & Co; "Na mre 


Anchusa affinis, R. Br. (B. E = 
1896, 220, f. 12.) Boragineæ 
handso annual or ien in 
-> wi ote metot like flowers. Abys- 

n & Co., Naples.) 

Angraecum Fournierz, Ed. André. 
Orchidee. (R. H. 1896, 956, f.; 
O. R. 1896, 196.) A s 2: of A. 
stylosum, Rolfe. CK. B. 1895, 194.) 

Anthurium pumilum. (G. C. 1896, 


xix., 2212.0 Aroidez. M. eua t den 
seedling o or hybrid ; parentage not stated. 
(Sir Trevor Lawrence.) 


yellow paix: M Ling & Sons a) 
A 2 


M chinensis foliis aureo 
ariegatis: geet G. Z. 1896, 323.) 
Araliacem: form with golde 


ariegated ea 
Co., Be rgedorf, Germa 


ay Smith & 


"GI D. G6, T men. A. Gui 
aces. 
prostrate pclae iot with ofie 
leathery li and short racemes of 
reddish flowers. Sierra Nev F 


Artemis ia frigida Willd. ne AG 
1896, ns Composite. mall 
x ash, a i s from Ne erea 
base, with rsa ^s cut silvery-gray i anzi 
North Asia. W: (L. 
Späth, Ta 
idium cristatum x marginale. 
Ang and F. 1896, 444, f. 58) Filices. 


i. A supposed natural h ybrjd beton 
the two species indicated in the na: 
Massachusetts. (G. E. Dav ort; 
Medford, Mans, U.S.A.) 


Aspidium simulatum, Davenport. 
. and FE 1896, 484, £ 60.9); H 
w species allied to A. Thelypteris, 
which it resembles in general charaeters 


lower pinne, d less 
eonvolute margins. Mi 
Davenport, Medford, Mass., TSA) 


— I—— (G. € a 
0.) esc IL." Rue ery 

fo oen aad a bright olive-green 
(H. B. 


colour.” Origin not stated, 
May.) 


Aster Vilmorini, Be M Cae H. x 
mpositæ 


1896, 1188.) Com 
species remarkable for its large. y. 
h ra: ofa le 


heads wi 

colour, either solitary or in oe ^at e 
top of a long naked stalk. Wes 
China (M. Maurice de Vilmorin, 
France.) 


Astragalus gilgianus ed dra CN. 
B. 1896, 185.) Leguminose. A 
erennial with silve very Deia and deep 
ego owers, Nearly related to 
A. cret oxytropifolius and A. 


dian Minor. (Berlin 


with winged — along the stems. 
Flower-heads ll, inconspicuous. 
Artatiss, (Ra. André, France.) 


onia acerifolia. p oria E 1896, 
51.) oniacez. n hybrid 
. Burkei iid ginet (J. 

Veitch & Sons.) [There is a species 


called acerifolia, H. B. K., native of 
Ecuador. ] 


*Begonia carminata. (Veitch. Cat. 
1896, 2.) G. A Pine hybrid pei 
B. coccinea and B Dregei. (J. Veite 
& Sons.) 


*Be Vom odoratissima, Monee 
Cat. 1896, 49.) A of 
fabieróus rooted Begonias with fein nt 


flowers. (V. Lemoine & Son, Nancy.) 


Begonia Rex x decora. 
we us fa 183.) 8. 


aised from 
above mentioned is described. 
Cappe, France.) 


ig umbraculifers, Hook f. 
7457.) A remarkable 
sil both in habit ia m in h her- 


m 1 
wey "inr ones. Brazil. (F. Sander 
& Co.) 
Berberis „pruinosa, hee mite e ong 
F. 67.) Berberi 
aci *the new satin ‘iat mikes 
on d the leav is and the abundant 
es being ure white, Mm the 
flowers sulphur yellow. [X UB 


Bertonerila. (Lind. jer 1896, 7, £2 
Melastomacez, everal varieties of 


are her cribed and figured. i 
gintare paa Brussel 


pit ed e Binoti, R. Gérard. (J. H. F. 
1896, 724.) Bromeliacee. S. A 2 
near B. speciosa, Thunb. Leaves 
deep green above, lower pabio 
i le, under surface 
t green lined with white. ERE 
escence pendulous, stem, bracts, &c. red 
Orga iari aira Brazil. (Lyons B. G.) 


Rocconia microcarpa, Maxim. (Cand, 
1896, L Papaveraceæ 
baisar eie attainin ing the hight 

of 9 ft. The inflorescence forms 
plume-like panicle, not — the "Vue 
tian Sumach. N. China. (Kew.) 


Brodiza  ixioides erecta. 
ih xlix., 454.) Liliacee. 

large trusses of bright Seto 
pianin (Wallace & Son.) 


Brodiæa Orcuttii, (G. C. 
1896, xx., 214, Ü e» b A bulb 
b umbels of 5-15 bright lilae 
flowers on a scape 1l ft. long. San 
Diego Country. (Wallace & Son.) 


*Bryanthus Breweri, A. Gray. (M. 
D. G. 1896, 19.) pani H. A 


cte 


charming dwarf evergreen shrub with 

crowded narrow leaves, and short ra- 

cemes of purple-red flowers. California. 

nos ricca attenuatum,  Rolfe. 
: 45.) Orchidez. 


coloured 
(L^ Horticulture Vitara, Brus- 


un oat Hand lon iscapum, Rolfe. 
1896, 45.) new species 
with ovoid de s an inch lon 
g le 4i 


r a foot long 
across coloured light gr 
purplelip. Fij. (Kew 


pr. wo d Wendl. 
C. de — men oe 


“ha lf wers are 
yellowish green w ith brown stripes, e 
Pariugs Island. (Herre 


Bulbophyllum | tromulum, Auk oe 
G. C. 1896, xix., 593.) eudo- 
bulbs subglobose, leaf o lanceolate 
me 6 in. lon ng bearing a 


1 
red-purple lines and lip, 
fringed with long hairs. Nilghiri Hills. 
(C. J. Lucas.) 


Boa bicolor, C. H. Top 
w 1896, 22, 223.) Legumi 
species, for Ming wines. 90 ft. 
(mi b ranches thorny, the leaves 
wers gg ne and 
it à n. long. 
Yield a very fine cond eae pen A 
e purposes. South America. 


bata. (G. C. 1896, xx, 
m. S. n hy- 
C. veratrifolia a and C. 
Cooksoni. (E. Sander & 


Calanthe Cooksonii and. Cat. 
Ac 8.) 85. A d brid with 


te flowers; parentage not stated. 
(F. Sandler & Co.) 
femme bem nitidus, Dougl (Gard. 
E fore om cee. H. A dis- 
gmr uve in colour 


white Gish ‘ond a — of v4 — 
rded at the 


ent ; 
California. (Wallace & son) 


“ae balchinens Sl 
e € 217.) M H. 
en hybrid between C. ME 


4T 


and C. isophylla alba. (Balchin & 
Sons.) 


*Campa 


ula regina, Alboff. 
XD E gin 


(G. C. 
648.) [This i is C. mirabilis, 


China. (Pats s B. 


Catasetum semir miro G. Beck. 
(W. G. 1896, 424, t. 4.) ides. 
S. Petals and sepals whitish or bright 

Tm 


Ft 
arieties of the tado, 
hybri rid C. diens Cogn. 


tasetum splendens, Cogn.  (L. 
. 502-3.) S. A number of 


E 
33 
®© 
~ 
9 


rubrum. aiat 
roseum, albo o-purp ureum, acutipetalum, 
'Hor&enlture Tirteenitionau, Brus- 
ls.) 


Catasetum Lg WU aureo-macu- 
latum. H. 1896, 91, t. 54.) $8. 
A ae with yellow flowers spotted 

with rich red-brown. (L'Hortieulture 
Xen a Brussels.) 


Cattleya d Lewisii. (G. C. 


1896, rohideg. G. A 
variety wit morali green sepals and 
petals and white lip stained with deep 
purple. (E Ashworth.) 


sepals a and wi 
lurid eroe oad flower risate 6 in 
across. (S. Banner.) 


Cattleya | ee ecg oe ii 
(G. C 93.) A sup- 
posed sing hybrid reer the two 
species indicated in 
W. Rothse 

Cattleya intermedio-flava. (R. H. 
1896, 549.) G. A garden hybrid be- 


tween Cattleya intermedia and Laelia 
va. (M. L. Fournier, Marseilles.) 


yor ae duo (G. C. 1896, 
id lawrenciana and C. Mossie. 
(R. r B. White te.) 
I uddemanniana  Ernstii. 
1896, xix. 655.) Flowers larger 
S rider ia colour than those of the 
type. (H.S. 


48 


sire Lr ae ko L. Lind. 

A supposed natural 

vi eres C. Moesie and C. 

MM Ma. (L. Linden & Co. 
Moortebeek, Belgium.) 


Cattleya maxima floribunda. (ZŁ. 
1896, t. 506.) A fine m Basa bright 
A coloured tea lip c purple 

risped edges UR with white. 
Mirari. inpia Brus- 
sels.) 


Cattleya. Mendel balliana. (Sand. 
Cat. 1896, 5.) Remarkable for the 
large size and righ colour of the flow 
(F. Sarder & Co.) 


See Ji age Neba (G. C. 1896 
rden PANT between 
C. superba id C. Forbes (J. 
Cypher.) 


Cattleya Triane. (L. 1896, tt. ul 
A series of varieties are dm and 
described ; festiva, regalis, dulcis, am- 
plissima, sup , ardens, splenden ns, 

majestica. v Linden & Co., Morte- 

beek, Belgium. 


Cattleya SERRE atrata. (J. O.1 
40.) Af e with large flowers ; pab 
and peta round 
lp vet deeply. -— (L/Horticulture 
- Internationale, Brussels.) 


*Celmisia Munroi, Hook. f. (B. M. 
t. 7496.) Composite. G. Whole plant 
of the leaves 


ow, ray-florets white. New 


lden yel 
(J. Veitch & Sons.) 


7 ania 


Chamædorea gratissima, L. aloa 
(Lind. Cat. 1896, 13.) Palm S. 
Described as an elegant species of: na 
-—A x large leaves resembling those 

of C. Verschaffeltii. Habitat not given. 
(L’Horticulture Internationale, Brus- 
sels.) 
a. hamosa, C. B. Clarke. (R. 
à Gesneracem, S. 
ed 


fin; showy. India. (J. Sallier, Paris.) 


Cirrho ope talum graveolens, TL 
(O. R. 1896, 308.) Orchideæ 
large flowered species with leaves id in. 
by 5 in., scapes 6 in. higb, race T 
A. sed of about 13 strongly- 
scented ae yellowis! 
with red, li eddish-brown ch anging to 


“New Guinea. (Brisbane 


deep aire 


d.) [This is supposed to be 
dential: with C. robustum, Rolfe. } 


Cirsium A le 2 Hort. (fW. G. 
T 


1896, 7 Compositæ 

bienn n during first year with ve 
oe ely like those of Chamaepeuce 
diacantha, The second year the Aawer- 


- tems develop to a height of 4j ft. 

bear numerous large eerta ‘red 
flo esr Origin not stat CV. 
Masek, Bohemia.) 


Clematis Addison Britton. (c. 
F. 1896, 394, f. 43.) Ranun 


ally of C. Viorna : sepals 
dark violet-purple, except at the acute 
det ellow tips. Alleghany Moun- 


ains. vnde C. S. Sargent, Brook- 
thie, Mass., U.S.A.) 
Clematis € mies (G. 
and F.1896, “wee ce H. “ B 
little-known 


ligusticifolia." XN. West. United States. 


"Coelogyne balfouriana, (Sand. Cat. 
1896, 6.) Orchidee. G. Described 


orange, and d borne 
arched spikes. «Habitat not ny t 
Sander & Co.) 


REATUS, lauierbachiana,  Krá 
lia) S. A species ilia 
g in havi 


more than one leaf to a Lom in ‘the fonm 
of the lip and in the shorter inflo- 
rescence. New Guinea. (Berlin, B.G.) 
Col urida, L. Lind. & Cogn. 

GL. 896, 80; t. 532.) A Sepa and 
petals a h-yello 

with purple, pec white and 
purplish. gin (L'Hor- 


P Orig stated 
tieulture teme eR Brussels.) 


Celogyne virginalis, L. Lind, (G. 
and F. 1896, 144.) S. A provisional 
name for an mti m described as 
em pure w Mies the way of 

ristata, i delic 

Habi tat not recorde -— 
Internationale, Brussel 

Fa e M. 


Core Bagge bowel G. nas 
Rubia nte- 


, one of the vs DATON 


y fragrant. 
"Corea 


, may prove a for- 
midable rival of the Arabian." "Siete 
Leone. (Kew.) 


ie cx cili- 
um. (Gf. 1896, Way Tacik H. 
as 


á MEUS variety with flowers 


large as those of C. speciosum. Asia 
Minor. ew.) 

Ichicum fascicularis, L. (Gar 
1896, Le 3:89.) Hl. e foliage and 
flowers of this species 2 together, 
the latter being. erocus-like in sape and 


pink and w n colour. Gree (T. 

Smith, Ne 
Coleus spicatus Rondinella. (Gf. 
62.)  Labiate. G. e 


ih miis ous plant about 8 
high P With fles diy leaves and racemes ‘of 
blue flowers. Abyssinia, (Dammann 
& Co., Naples.) 


Colutea pe ie S I Ue dud 
1896,49.) L ose. 
nearly feluted "to » C. pare or Pro 
bably a native of the Balkan Poufüédl 
CL. Späth, Berlin.) 


D.G. 
— 
or Asia Minor. 


“os eme ret pt Dita S. Moore. 
biatæ 


Japan. (Arnold Arboretum 
wo do ciem A.Gray. (B. M. 
oriariex. most 


colou the weri 
perdi aen varies from 
coral-red, that of all other kno 
species being black or violet- black. 
Japan. (Arnold Arboretum.) 
Cornus alba Rosenthali. (M. D. G. 
897.) Cornaceæ. A form with varie- 
p similar to Spaethii. (H. 
Albern, Vienna.) 
raus co OMEN HE, Koehne. Gf. 


*Co 
1896, 286.) malayan species 
nearly “allied to C. maci Viso, Wall. 


*Coronilla cappadocica, dern 
Gard. 1896, L., Leguminosz. 
A cies of prostrate habit. 


Flowers golden yellow in numero 
racemes. 


Asia Minor. (E. Whittall, 
omy ries) 

Cotyledon Purpusii, K — 
CN. B. 1896, 161.) Crass lac H 
Nearly allied to Echeve b erase. 
but differing in the na rrow, angle 
pyramid-formed, red not nr corollas. 
Sierra Nevada. (Ern Bernary, 
Erfurt.) 

“Crassula GT aos - Br. (K. B. 
1896, 161.) Crass A new 


dis with the anrea of an Aloe, 
leaves being green, Paced a foot or 

re long, 2 in. th The 
ower scape is MA R. high ee a 


e 
teresting feature of this Coriaria i a -— 
flowering and. fruiting 


corymb 18 in. across of small pale 
yellow flowers. Transvaal. (Kew.) 


A garden hybrid m C. longi- 
un and Moorei (makoyanum). 
Identical with C. Powellii, a hybrid of 


the same parentage. (H. er tree: 
a.) 


Vienn 
(R. H. 


Cucur- 
bi is es new meld with long 
stems rooting at the nodes, large leaves 
marbled with white, flo alf 


n dis SU di Naudin. 


kin, a ov 
white and yellow 
Uruguay. (Ed. André, France.) 
Capresrus oat tae compacta, E 
. H. 1896,8, f. 1.) “rt 
i ræ. 
hë type in its 
midal habit. (M. All ard, Angers.) 
Cymbidium wid - eburneum. 
CG. C: 1896, ag 337.) Orchidee. 
G. A garden hy brid between the species 
indicated in the nam 
cross Set naa oF m) was raised 
by Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons in 1889. 
-Stonei. 


pce ES gii chidez. " 


hybrid b bctrecd het e poet 
the name. 


byt (N.C ony 
edium Cha CG. C. 1896, 
Oypri T67. A m eqs er between 


C. Cm -tistt and C. “tolls. (N. 
Cookson.) 

Cypri Men concolor ver. longi- 
petalum, Rolfe. (O. R. laas bia. e 
variety with yet 2% in. long. (R 


Cypripediuin goultenianum. (Sand. 
"Eat P 1896, $5) A n" hybrid 
een C. Curtisii and C. callosum 
E! Sande r & Co.) 


ium insigne, Wall. (2.1896, 

0. The follo owing secuti "ys 
neared in work just mention 

moortebeek iense, miniatum, lati UE 


— -€ td rubidum, albo-margina- 
CL’ iculture internationale, 


eu ssels. 


ium insigne Luciani. (Z. 
505; Jil. H. 1896, 11, t. 49.) 
A diea with yellow lip ‘and petals ; 
als ned with 
(L'Hortieulture Internationale, 
Brussels.) $ 


medium, le lawroncianum. 


e, L. Lind. (L. 1896, t. 546.) 
A variety with flowers much greener 
than the type. oriau Inter- 
nationale, Brussels.) 


C au Lawrenceo-Regnie 
Ypriped t A garden hybrid E 
the us species indicated by the name. 
(M. Bleu, Paris.) 
Cypripedium palatinum. (W. 
189 5.) A garden zireh between 
. spicerianum and C. har 
C ripedium Re (G . C. 1896, 
x 5 594. A cry hybrid between 
m leeanum and C. fairicanum. (J 
8.) 


Veitch & Son 

Cypri ipedium regnaldianum. (Sand. 
at. 1896, 24. arden hybrid 

between C. insigne and C. callosum. 
(F. Sander & Co.) 


Cot ax 
re d 


en 
(E. non & Lo.) 


Cypripedium § 


and F. 1896, 144.) A 


ium Ee a pment (G. C. 
0.) A garden d 
and C. Argus 


andora, Sander. 
provisional name 
plant de ripe as 
pal 


(G. 


coloured erimson, yellow and ineat $ 
broad petals mte yellow and red, 

rrow yellow pouch. 
Habitat not stated. (F. Sander & Co.) 


Er schofieldianum. (G. M. 
89 id TE) 2 A E hybrid between 


irsutissimum. 
(. W. ree 


AP) A 


fae eH y Ross, on Vor 


ripedium villosum bU 
1896, xix., 10 Leav 

broader and flowers larger han in the 
type. (M. A. Truffaut, Versailles s.) 


Symondsiz, (0. R. 
ed hybrid AY 
and C. purpur 


tanthus obliquus major. (Sand. 
T 1896, 57. Me. G. 
amr an additional name for the 
type. 


outh Africa. (F. Sander & 


Cyrtochilum micranthum, — 
(G. te c oa Orchidez. S. 
un, 


A new species r €— €. maculatu 
but anitat, with g greenish spotted sepals 


and petals and the lip white with oa 
brown blotches and a w anteri 
Brazil. (F. Sander & Co.) 

Cytisus labresce dà 
M D. c S90, 95.) 25.) pdt H. 


— bush with bright ye flowers 


produced in May. Mountains of Upper 
Italy. (L. Späth, Berlin.) 


Davallia truffautiana. (G. M.1 
352, f.) Filices, G. “A duce 
handsome and distinet ae with large 
fr , à pecu -— "d of wbich 
er 


s like the 
i de i € (L'Horticulture. Internationale, 
ls.) 


aa oar eee Gaud. (R. H. 


1896, 3 cee. tA. 
shrub a ung a sane of 6 to 9 ft. 
with eolate, serrate kere 


tall 
and shortly-stalked heads of fruit al 
the size of a pea, of a Avus red Robur. 
East Indies. (Paris B. G.) 


WE tatsiensis, big (W. 
1896, 27.) Ranu 

species about 2 ft. in eik vim cobalt 
blue flowers. a (Vilmorin, An- 


drienx, & Co., Paris.) 
Dendrobium Arachnites, Reichb. f. 
(G. C. 1896, xx., 1, f. 2. Orchidez. 


G. A dwarf ki the pseudobulbs 
only 3 in. long, fusiform, shining 
flowers s m. across , orange-scarlet ; 
sopela an d petals linear, lip pendart " 
Burma. (J. Bradshaw.) 


ium chloropterum. c. C. 
. Allied to "n 
macr. ophyllum ; flowers greenish wi 
few purple lines on the lip. Xt 
(H. Low & Co.) 


Dendrobium Curtisii. (Sand. Cat 
1896, 12, £.) G. A garden eis 
between D. aureum and D. Cas. 

CF. Sander & Co.) 


Dendrobium RETR (G. C. 
1896, Aor 581, f. 90.) S. Allied to 

ne.  Pseudobulbs ovate, 

clustered; “leaves Inearlanceolat, 6 

lon man à 

S ^ in. across ; ; Sepals 

creamy-white ; lip 

purple markings. 

(Sir Trevor P LaWichoe J 


(G: 


Den drobiuni. ry memi "Me 
1. G. A garden — 


1896, xix., 
etween D. oniniamum and D. 
derianum. (E. Hardy.) 
Dendrobium  jennyanum,  Kwinzl. 
(G. C. 1896, xx., 329.) G. A new 


species allied to D. undulatum from 
— ~ differs i i the size of the plant 
wers whieh have untwisted 
segment and a broad three-lobed lip. 
The clot is se outside, brown 
inside and nished, ? Australia. - 
CZollingoisJéuny, Zurich.) 


~ 


a 


“Dendrobium quadrilobum, Rolfe. 
K. B. 1896, 44.) S. .À new 
of the section Cadetia wi 
stems, short oblo ~, one-leaved pseudo- 
bulbs and solitary terminal flowers an 
inch across, coloured whitish-green. 

? New Guinea. (Kew. 


puc thyrsiflorum  Lowii. 
C. 1896, xix. 593.) Flowers 
Geta ate, lip narrow, ug on-shaped 
and streaked with yellow. (Baron 
Schroéder.) 


bid be 
mU (Sir F. Wigan.) 
PARI te Áo mt f. 
(G £439» E . M. 
ec 


er: 7Pendé i a. 


Veitch & Sons.) 

E CUTS Scone o H (G. 1896, 
nex 
om a 
commen frase Ep. pur in urea. 
rin, Andrieuz, & Co., 8.) 

Dioscorea Fargesii, ie m foe E 
1896, 540.) Dioscorea 

new species with ed dible a ubers 
ae Pe erbe appr roaeh 
those D. pen pu Western 
China. dit Hauri de Vilmorin 
France.) 


acer. S. A 
Leaves 


x. 65 


2 species allied to D. eximea. 


—— — Hemsley. (G. C. 
.)_ Apocyn 


thick, oblong, ee 2 in. long, 
paii tiole } in. long; flowers 3 in. long 
and wide, Weng ene "Brasil. CF. 
Sander & Co.) 


DM: Sonder. M e 1896, 
pg mi 78.) Orchidee. G. ribed 
e 


purple 
8 tube, 2 in. 
(Hon. W. Rothschild.) 


*Dischidia hirsuta, Deene. (G. C. 
1896, xx., 182.) <Asclepiadee A 
jew climber with orbicular fleshy 
eaves 1 in. diameter axill 
clusters of small. m tubular flowers. 
India and Java. (Ke v) 


U 96558. 


Dracena Br oomfieldii, Sander. (G. C. 


896, xx., 666, 11 5.) Liliacece. 
eaves 15 i wide, green 
margined and striped with white; stem 
short jointed an inch in t 
(E. Sander & ` 


“South Sea Islands.” 
) 


igoutsi. (ZU. H. 

A variegated seedling 
m Cordyline australis. (M. 
esr Tolea £j) 


S IAE 
S 2d ») 


T ME , stvla, Tor. (M.D 
d Hyarophyllaces: Be 


cymes of bright 
volat obia flowers. Californ 
VP EAS B. G.) 
Pu rmm 


Echeveri rpus 
(GA. "1896, 608. £ 97 G: C. 1 

Ti «n f 85) Bé GUigtédos 
Purpus 


Echinocactus 0 Ddieri es Suid 


Cacteæ. G. A f ei ae ering from 
the type in its pali cowared flowers 
— a phæniceus var. in- 
K. Schu (M. K. 1896, 
Do En "e form differing from 
-type in not having spines. 
Colonie (L. Spaeth,  Rixdorf- 
erlin.) 
Epidendrum rubens, Rolfe. 
C B. a iss Orchidee. C A 
spec allied to plicatum. 


dives Pusat Clone 8 in. long, panicle 
loose, fi an inch across, red- 
purple. Mexico. (L'Hortieulture In- 
ternationale, Brussels.) 


—— MEET d) A (G. 
Endresio. gum 
E: Wallisii. Ad. Veitch & Sons.) 


dares: tm Mh Mt 


are linear, thick, wide; 
sooner slender, dew flo eel “sepals 
ls green with gel lines, "d 


Vilow; with a thic eallus 
Brazil. (F. Sander & "OU +" 

*Eria nm -— tos R. 1896, 2 
Orchidee. nt 6 in. high with 
two- ami Price of whitis i" 
flowers. India (H. J. Elw 

*Eria cæspitosa, | ret e€ e B. 1896, 

es of tufted 
habi without ps Selb 4 leaves 
2 in. long, flowers very small, white, 
pin and yellow. Hainan. (Kew.) 


A 5 


5 


v o" glabellus var. mollis, A 
(Gard. 1896, xlix., 81.) Com 

5 ubescent variety wit 

Colorado. 


vibes 
large rose-coloured flowers. 
(L. Späth, Berlin.) ' 


Erigeron hybridus roseus. (iil. H. 
1896, 301, 6) H. A garden 
hybrid between E aurantiacus and E. 
Villarsi. ‘ings & Schmidt, Erfurt.) 


E rx pem m Micheli. (R. 
1896, L., 408.) 
Legumi th solitary tree 


e 
= 
E 


30 ft. high creed a ft. in emi 
the base. es and trunk eovered 


ext 
'The wan is a near ally of E. caffra. 
Origin unknown. 


ee 


nium Johnsoni, D 


1896, xix., 


th Southern Oregon. (Wall 
&S 

| i nd. Cat. 
1896, 45. - 


CS 
lMides. G. A ga 
den hybrid sah nak m Sanderi and E. 
grandiflora. (CH. Kitson.) 


Eulophiella ai (G. a F. 
1896, as . A sup- 
thes scribed as having 


ae _yelowish-vhite 
lea the base. 
Mainak ? (CF. Sander & Co.) 


*Fraxinus po E bti a 
G. 1896, 26.) H. 
tree with leaves most reduced 
single end ovate leaflet. Collie, 
&e. (Kew.) 


cg) hi he Bornmülleri, Hausskn. 

896, xlix., 282.) Liliacee. 

Š species allied to F. aurea, and like 

that eee with gokduacpoltos flowers. 
arr & Son.) 


(Barr 
LU e nobilis, Bake 


(B. M. 
00.) ze [Abov e is ddetoet name | 


for at scribed m 
Plants of 1895 under the name of 
F. as E ‘fies, 


2 


(L'Hortieulture Interna- 
ime; Brisa ls.) 


I om i pice Hak Rolfe. ges. B. 1896, 
mall pros- 
mie plant with m hiang leaves 
. long., coloured. dull. Ere en with a 
pink mid-rib and pink hairs. Flowers 
small, white in DA Lomtint heads. 
British eon (ŒE. Sander & Co.) 


| Gerbera vnaftous Sch. Bip. dtd 
Com 


lE: 


i xlix., 

species al am fowerhends 
12 flees in width, on scapes 1 ft. 
height aves, inverted, iiic 
with long stalks. S. Africa. (Cam- 
bridge B. G.) 
*Geum Heldreichii. (J. of H. 1e, 
ene mo ; Rosacez. 


e H: Said t 
of G. montanum xdi 


be 
deep orange "Tel flowers. Greece 


wets it var. ; E0008, oe 
1896, t nS Orch: 
me 


E 

United tates 
pio rti ite Interna- 
tionale, Brussels.) 


Gongora sander eriana, K L qa. c. 
1896, xx., d Ew Meet 


allied 
eerte 5 in. None? 
"bro ad; racem i 

nove yellowish with rose- outed 

spots. Peru. (F. Sander & Co.) 
Gutierrezia Rene. s = Ag 

(M. D. G. 1896, 26.) Com H. 
A ufui mW with ROWS 
linear leaves and a pore S mers 
golden-yellow wei r-heads. 
United States. (L. ‘Spith, Ban) 


Hook. f. 


-— Elwesii, 
Lx: Orchideæ. 


hairy p with much longer diieas, 
| long lobes of the lip, and spur- -like 
|  stigmatie processes.  Nilghiri Hills. 
(H. J. Elwes.) 
| *Haw rthis xiphiophylla, Baker. 
| r$ S 505. ip Liane. G. This 
| differs = oie H. setata s its narrower 
| thinner rec rag and fr noidea 
| he leaves not Being at all pud 
|... oF lineate. - Cape Colony. (Kew.) 
| Helleborus caucasicus 


nigri- 
cans. e 1896, i anime 
H. A form differi 


its large ^bluish-blae Powers: 2 da 
MI Zurich.) 

ea ies tos H. 
“gto 296 f. + H. A. 


form differing from the type in having 
pure white flowers. (Haage & Schmidt, 
Erfurt.) 


"abisons i Archeri. (G. and F. 1896, 

vaceæ. G. A garden hybrid 

soma T paul pees and H. schi- 
zopetalus. (Ke 


wie Le muesserianum, 
ind. (Z4. H. 1896, 376, t. 
maryllidece egments 
m eel tinted a pem 
ently nearly allied 
Brazil. (L? (semet Meise. 
Brussels.) 


12. 3 
narrow 
appar- 


*Homalopetalum —€— var 
CO. R. 1896, 204.) Orchidew 


M like the istera petals. It is o 

f habit, hi i 
ib dob ulbs i E 
$ in. long, peduncle 1 in. long, bearing 
one flower with linear segments j 3 in. 
long. It is fiptited in Hooker's Ic. Pl. 
t. 2461. Jamaica. (Kew.) 


Hoya autor basin, K. Schum. (M. 
9, f) Asclepiadem. S. A 

M do vired Mee es with hairy stems, 
leaves and flowers ; latter dark brown- 


red inside, ie green outside, New 
Guinea. 


1896 Tamaris 

curious NA ant with “thick ee 
spiny stem rminal panicles of 
straw-coloured à owers. Lower Cali- 
fornia. (Paris B. G.) 


Idria columnaris Kellogg. Cep, OM CE N. 


(B. 


*Iris jEPuIPureS, ‘Baker. 
t H. E 


11.) Iridee The 
Hr A this species is I. hex 
native of the Southern United States. 
Th i Kew 
with Z. laevigata es 


the 
tea. d of d horizontally 
wers white, spotted with 


ca, Hausskn. (Gard. 1896, 


Tris 
nr 


L. 
form. (Max Leichtlin, Badak Baden.) 


Iris Lortetii alba. (W. G. 1896, 
187.) 1E TL A form differin cem 
the type in its pure white flowe 


(Dammann & Co., Naples.) 


Iris paravar. Foster. (J. 2 1896, 
xxxii, 536.) H, A garden bee 
7 I. a and J, variegata. 


(M. Foster.) 


53 


Isoloma jaliscan 


Wats. (G. 
— T — 496). jte. S G. 


mbent, pubescent; leaves 

cong lanceolate pe in . long; cie 

in umbels, corolla n inch long, scarlet, 
Mexico Cora WE B. G.) 

— virginiana ODE (M. 

Z. 1896, 296, f.; . 1896, 

S ) "Conifers. H. mathe form 


of value for rockeries, &c. (Jena B. G.) 


Juniperus virginiana varicenes: 
(Gfl. 1896, ce H. A form of com- 
pact, pyramidal habit, and with bluish 
gray leaves. (Otto Froebel, Zurich.) 


*Kondrickia. Walkeri, Thw. (G. C. 
1896, xx., 394.)  Melastomacem. S. 
Deseribed. as one of the most beautiful 
of Ceylon plants. It imber with 


in fln bright F ECC Ceylon. 
(Kew.) 


Lelia anceps pratherooani (G 
1896, x Eo rehidee. G. e 
and pm a the 
bright x dssdo ; lip 
purple lines d a crimson- itp front 
lobe. (J. Broome.) 


Laelia autumnalis Fournieri, E. 

André. os . H. 1896, 547, o A large 

flowered dark colo: M. L. 
Fournier, Marseilles m 


Laelia EAE delica (G. C. 1896, 
xx., 471.) A v A "i nearly pure 
white flowers. CF. 8 ander & Co.) 


— 1 purpurata ashworthiana. 
(G 1896, xx., 39, f. 10.) A variety 
with Tera petals coloured purple rose 
and striped with white. (E. Ashworth.) 


Laelia purpurata Lewisii (G. C. 
1896, xix., 655.) Flowers Ne white, 
save a few faint lines of li 

thelip. (W. L. Lewis & Co. 


Laelia urata, vars. (Lind. Cat. 
M2) Pas of Morin 


are here described under such names 
amena, formo ies, lobata, &c. Horti: 
culture Internationale, Brussels. 


Laelio-cattleya Ghislainiæ. Pa R. 
1896, 39.) Orchideæ.  G. A garden 
hybrid between en harpophylla and 

i Prin (A. Van Imschoot 
Ghent.) 


Laelio-cattl 
5 EE a Bp ep gol € 


= tla al that AE ae 
attley. Men eidhé: "d. Cha 


vios 


Laelio - cattloys Mo ae og ee 
(G. C. 1896, xx., 360.) 
p aie between the spe i Baaai in 
the (M. Fournier, Marseilles.) 


Laelio- -cattleya wargnyana, (L. 1896, 
535.) G. A garden hybrid. (L’Horti- 
waters Internationale, Brussels.) 


et hata subulatum, Rolfe. GS a 15 


ik 
small i in all its gh the at A a 
and the flowers pale green. Brazil. 
(F. Sander & Co.) 


Larix dahurica. Mind Pee A Maxim. 
M. D H. 


w 
[meer lea 
may be dia same as s this.) [L. 
d Berlin.] 


*Lavatera insularis. (G. and E 1896, 
bed f.27.) Malvacexe om 

act shrub 4 ft. through = ‘palmatel 

lobed vedi ong and 

axillary solitary flow 3 in: dis meter, 

ecibaisd allo ish eii vr ue il with 

purple. Mexico. (T. S. Brandegee, 

California.) 


-*Ledum glandulosum, Nutt. (M. D. 

m cr 1898 19.) "eue MEE NUTS 

i differs from L. latifolium and L. palustre 

. in its larger ovate leaves, which are not 
woolly but dotted underneath with im- 
pre 


essed glands. Sierra Nevada. (Kew.) 


e Rerum uechtritzianum, 
l. & Bo (Gard. 1896, L., 238.) 
trate widely- 


Cru 
spreading herbaceous plant with white 
(Kew.) 


flowers. Bulgaria 


Libocedrus greci est aureo-varie- 
gata. (M. D. G. 53.) Conifere. H. 
A form with PE d ed varie- 

Ret Co., 


gated leaves. (Da & 
O 


berpleis, Germany 
Im Biondii, reus (B. T. O. 1896, 
wee 1. Liliaceæ. H. arlet 
ered species ‘with linear lez 
li or perhaps identical 


ipfe llied to 
with L. sutchuenense. China. (Florene 
B. G.) 

Lilium chinense, P B. T. 
1896, 176, t. geatlet- 
flowered lily with filer leaves nea rly 

allied to £L. sutchuenense. China. 
rris HG) 


Lilium szechnense, Hort. (G. C. 1896, 
iy 372.) Asp scies with large bright 
" | flowers allied to L. Maximowiezti 

re sute. ponens Franchet, is correct 
~~ name EC plant.] 


| 
| 
i 


54 


*Linospadix Micholitzii 
(Sand. Cat. 1896, 50.) "Palm 
Described i in the Gardeners’ Chronicle 

dley 


Ridley. 


ning paii ending in 
pair of eee acute points." New Guinea. 
(E. Sander & Co.) 


Lonicera hirsuta x Sullivantii. (G. 
and F. 1896, 345, f. 46.) Caprifoliaceæ. 
H^ A garden hybrid. (Arnold Ar- 
boretun n.) 


*Lowia longiflora, Scort. (G. C. 1896, 
xx., 652, f. 111.) Scitaminez. A 
stemless plant with tufted leaves 3 ft. 
lo d 


ong, and one flowered pes 8 
long. Flowers 6 in. across, composed 
f linear- is ai sk 


being — lanceolate, 

lip-like, and pure white. rak. (W. 

Bull.) 

Maclura SOEDHRCA var. inermis. 
Ed. André. 1 
icaceæ 

leaves than the type, and with quite 
spineless branches. (M. Guy, Bléré, 
nee.) 


"Macrotomia cephalo coms A. DC. 
G^. 1896, 173.) Bora 
handsome pesnik with a leaves 
Lee large pe yellow flowers. Asia 
(Kew.) 


*Mamillaria heeseana, McDowell. an 
K.1896,125.) Cae Gs. Thi 

t spines of any acm me 
Mamillaria yet discovered. Plant de- 
ose, when young clothed 
wool intermixed with 
weak bristles, ces a old. Flowers 
carmine-red. Mex 


Maranta major. (G. C. Lor xix., 
529.) Scitaminee. S. ant about 
3 ft. high with erect on petioles pe 
ovate green leaf-blades. Flow 
known. (J. Veitch & Sons.) 


Masdevallia Curlei. (G. C. 1896, xix. 
40.) Orchideæ. A garden hybrid be- 
. macrura and M. tovarensis, 


tw 

(A. Curle.) 
*Massoni jasmi asminiflora, Baker. 
(B. M. " 7463.) Liliacem. G. This 


century 
M Burchell, but up till now it has 
only been known from a a single specimen 


55 


dried from his garden at Fulham in 
1818, and preserved in the Kew Her- 
arium. Leaves two to a bulb, spreading | 
on the mein of the ground. Umbel 
of white green tipped flowers sessile in 
the centre of the two leaves. Orange 
Free State. (Kew.) 


axi mm grandiflora, 
Sanae: . 1896, xx., 310.) Or- 
chideæ. A variety "with larger 
flowers than nM type, white with purple 
lines. (F. Sander & Co.) 


Ge 


Mor: Ge Teche ato hea Fisch. & 


Gl. 1896, 173.) Campanulaces. 

dsome biennial attainin ng a 

heig or ‘ae feet and bearing large 

numbers of aoe Martagon Lily-like 
flowe 


ical leaves long-stalked. 
Asia Minor. «(Kew W.) 

(G. €. 

1896, xix., re G. Dif- 

fers from other forms of this hy e in 

aving clear ese markings at the 

f£ the lip. . (A. A. jerk, 


Miltonia bleuiana e 
337.) 


Brussels.) 
Morus alba aurea. Aer D, 1896, 
2.) Urticacez A form ux golden 
(T. Rothe, 


yellow. leaves and branches. 
sa.) 


To ime D G. 
form “of niy hemi- 
(T. Rothe, Odessa.) 


Morus Fie 3 
1896, 2 


iiia arit 
x 


4. £.) 
gar xis hybrid. 


albicans. 

Amaryl- 
lid (G. H. 
Bugeibosrt) 


Mepenthes rise) Ne a oi (G. x 

tha : 

X "sinet species with i rt shining: 
green oblanceolate leaves and 

s on Vid 

12 in. long and 
pitchers 8 in. Seychelles. (Kew.) 

Rolfe. 


b: helaphyllum cristatum, i 


B. 1896, 12) Orchidez 


w species, al rare cordifolium ; 
leaves gr n. long ; Ho 
10 in | few 86 dm flowers 3 in. 


wide, grek with purple ae lip iite 
in front. Hong Kong. (Kew.) 


Nymphæa andreana. pau 1896, L., 

325. Nymphæaceæ. A garden 
ag or seedling sp 
acros dp > 
Fiöwers cu , 
r Cor- Marliac, Temple-sur-Lot, 
France.) 


Nymp 


hea stellata eastoniensis. 
(G. and F. 1896, 474, f. 68.) 


DA 


seedling variety with numerous broad 
deep blue petals. (OG. Ames, Mass.) 


Oberonia Myosurus, Lindl. (O. R. 
1896, 3.) Or Meg dee. G. A small 
species with terete, fles hy leaves covered 
with minute never fo SD ylindrical: 
flowers small buff-coloured. Burma 
(H.L ) 

Odontoglossum andersonianum 

rere ip h € R.1896,106.) Or- 
chidez ariety with narrow 


Sipaisi and petals iii bright 1: 
spotted with red-brown. (H. & 
Co.) 


Oem Obie, andersonianum a 
“om C. 1896, 
ra riety with large broad 
petalled fall-Jormed flowers my 
white, tinged with purple and SpOt 
with red-brown. (J. H. Kitson.) 


m 


Odon nioglossum rar (G 
1896, 67.) A suppose d natural 
hybrids with pale yellow flowers blotched 
and spotted with brown. (L'Hortieul- 
be apina s A Brussels.) 


p 
w 


Odontoglossum, E ashworthi- 
. C. 1896, xix., ; 


an . 

Em gy died of the largest 
size covered with Rue of rose 
rose-purple.” (E. Ashworth.) 

Odontoglossum cri 
a puo t. 524; rw R. 18 o6) 

orm with very large ASi red 

blot ‘ok es. as & Co., m- 
bouillet, France 

Odont toglossum crispum calos. (L. 
1896, t. 118.) G. form rm with a large 
blood-red blotch on the sepals 


us (L'Hortieulture Eimer emm 
Brussels.) 


Odontoglossum crispum citratum. 
CL. 1896, t. 521.) A form with 


citron-yellow flowers: lip passing into 
whi t the margin, blotched eden 
brown purple. (L'Hortieulture Inte 
nationale, Brussels.) 
Odontoglos B rimo 
vd 896, 467.) G. 
A. rien with. wines Bowers blotched 
with vino purple. (L’Horticulture 


Ttééantl tlle, Brussels.) 


sag te Meleagris. 
520. A fine f 


inc : 
Horticulture Internationale, Parise els.) 


Odon 


lossum um 
er Rolfe. TOR 


sul- 
CO. R. 1896, 60.) G. 


A variety with the flowers of an uni- 
vem UBER ITO colour. (R. B. 
hite.) 


Odontoglossum crispum venustum. 
(G. C. 1896, xix., 655.) “The best rich 
srimson-purple blo <a _Odontogos 


2. Hlo large and 
full. C Hortieultare yi eiia 
Brussels.) 

Odontoglossum excellens luteolum. 
(O. R. 1896,248.) G. A bat xm 
phur-yellow flowers withou 
brown othe of the type. Aion 
Schroeder.) 
Odontogloes ume Halli x crispum. 


(G. C. 1896, G arden 
iria Diea ds ii D indicated 
by the name. (N.C.C 


Odonto omm hunnewellian 
rum. (L. 1896, t a E 
orm Tid larger flowers 
brightly-coloured lip than the type. "t 
Linden & Co., Moortebeek, Belgium.) 


luteo-purpureum 
O’Brien: (G. C. 
wers to 


Odontoglossum 
ashworthianum, 


with 
(E. Ashworth. y 


demi Rossi var. Pauwelsiz, 

1896, t. 534) G. 

Sepals and et petals almost entirely 

light brown. (M. Fl. Pauwels, Deurne, 
Belgium.) 


Odontoglossum Me 
1896, E > 511.) Dm atural T hybrid 


near. light 
Sad with 
blotches. 
ale, Brusse 
cm spectabile. (G. k 
, 467; L. 1896, t. 523.) 
supposed ^ "natural hybrid ‘oemblng 
O. ex flowers 
with eet LOO em 
Internationale, Brusse 


ES NIA en 


fringed 
Cae 


large choc ee own 
QHortientare prese 
Is.) 


yel spotted 
L? a 


nd. (L. 1896, t. 540.)' A sup- 
atural hyb rid between O. 
med and umphans. 


"0. 
s eiim E EA Brus- 
ls.) 


onto "aus varicos igan- - 
n ce d (G. C. 1896, xix imet i 

Hower much larger t than in the type. 
x (Sir F. Wigan.) 

ontoglossum wilckeanum elon: 
* E. (J. O. 1896, 40.) G. 


56 


variety of. this natural hybrid v vith 
ria id more brightly - aiid 
flowers than the type. -(L’ Horticulture 
Taterhatiohale, Brussels.) 


MO INN MU wilckeanum olivare. 


with large 
itr ti ie T 
ls.) 


this natural 
eenish flowers. 
ternationale, Brusse 


Odontoglossum TL um rufum. 
(L. 1896, t. 519. A form of this 
natural by brid with PAPA blotches. 
(L'Hortieulture Internationale, Brus- 
sels.) 


AL EL co nose Hook. f. (B. M.t 

69.) Gramines. 8. m ee densely- 
iet perenni 8S sessile, 
almost imbricating, distichus leaves an 
inch long. Costa Rica. (Kew.) 


— wig go m 


dse Krànzl. 
(G. C. 1896, xix., 754.) Orchideze. 


ng, cylindri 
each bearing a pair of linear-lanceolat 


leaves;  flower-scape long, sender, 
branching. Hab. —? (F. Sander 
Co.) 


Opunas ArT K. Schumann. 
G., 1896, 29.) Cae H. 
This dus & red eorolla and bes 
ooth ovary. Colorado. (L. 

Späth, "Berin) 


Opuntia tetracantha, J. W. giae 
(G. and F. 1896, 432.) G. 
species allied to O. Thurberi 
branched shrub 


of - straw-coloured, 
e deflexed loosely sheathed 
spin Flowers ten i fruit 
evi bright searlet. Ariz (Ari- 


zona Univer ersity.) 


Opuntia xanthostema, K. Schuman 
(M. D. G. 1896, 29. Thi lo specióp 
has carmine-red flowers, dark yellow 
filaments and a prickly ovary. Colo- 


rado. (L. Späth, Berlin.) 
*Ornithogalum revolutum, Jacq. 
(G.and F. 1896, 323.) Liliacee. G. 
ally r ^ g narrow 
leaves 9 in. long, erect scapes 12 in. 
long, and a sub-u Jm 


n num. 
ach 

I ti white with an eye-like blotel 
of olive b S. Africa. (Kew.) 


Mere 


"Piloten aclaudi, bd 
ge 


near ally of P, hyri oi Benth., 


57 


ring in its much longer narrower 
irs 


and not brown, by its more eie stem, 
ke. Upper Guinea. (Paris B. G.) 


sae se oe & gerer M. T. Masters. 
6, **5 MM f. 97.) Passi- 
A ' species with entire 
lnecoat aves Sit: long and green ie 
ow flowers 3 in. across.  Braz 
"n. Creighton.) 


"Fentstemon secundiflorus, Benth. 
(Gard. 1896, xlix., 478.) Scrophu- 
lari cai pretty specie with blue 
flowers bronze 


which are suffused wi 
on the upper seg Dolo (Kew. 


ERU ge Watsoni, A. Gray. (Gf. 
6,77.) H. A dwarf-growing com- 
Sin species with roundish leaves and 
racemes of bla datan flow wer Colo- 
rado. (Herb & Wulle, Naples.) 


Perezia sonchifolia, Baker. 
1896, 134, t.) Compositz. 
annual with ec eed ives 

ads lik 


qu. H. 


and white flower-he iniatu ure 
Camellias. Uruguay. (Fd. dar ré, 
France.) 

Phaius ashworthianus. d^ C. 1896, 
XX., 584.) Orchidex. A garden 
hybrid betw Busco and P. macu- 
latus. (F. Sander & Ce) 

"Fhaleria & mbigua, Hook. f. (B. M. 

t. 7471.) "T mieta lico S. Aclimb- 
ing gl us shrub with light green 
somewhat leathery leaves a illary 

subterminal heads of pure white 
scented Daphne-like flowers. ava. 
ew. 

Philodendron robustum, L. Lind. 


(Lind. Cat., 1896, 21.) Aroidem. S. 
Described as a species of RENT 
with large emerald green lea 
given CL’ Horticulture 

Internationale, Brussels.) 


"Tie ox urus chinensis, Rolfe 
1896 s ae Unek Orchideæ. S. 
species stem, 
ovate green nud 4 in. long and short 

numerous small flowers. 


« B. 
A new 


scapes bearing 
cas (Kew. 
riocarpum, d 

zr jon Hen t. 7473) Pittosporess. 
all tre te leaves 


XT. Hanbury, La Mortola, E un 
Platycerium Weitchii. (G (G. cue m 


"xix. 059.) ces 
da distinc x Py onis sont oreet sagit 
pita cum d being of unusual leathery 


substance and dark green in colour." 

(J. Veitch & Sons.) 
Plostocomis crinita L. Lind. | (Lind. 
at. 1896, 21.) es S. Described 
~ a species with th e odio € with 
white spines in fascicles of about seven ; 


leaves sedi very -p glaucous green, 
whitish on under si itat not 


o V Horticulture Terana; 
Brusse 
P Oido me 9 ae (J. O. 1896, 
ex. 


irious se 
u 


ceolate- 
ulate acute leaves and d Y violet- 
purplish hairy flower-stems bearing 
somewhat fleshy old minit flowers 
more or less tinged' wit . Mada- 
gascar. (Mme. Adde Pauillac, France.) 


Potentilla dahurica fruticosa. 
(M. D: G. 1896, 49.) “Kowna: H. 
A e between the two species named. 
Garden origin. 


X mE Inierandra, Koehne. 

896, 48.) H. A low bush 

iit t half as tall-growing as P. fruti- 

cosa, with p leaves and dark yellow 
flowers 


Potentila pa 
D. G. 1896, 26.) 
irem shrub 


arvifolia, Fischer. (M. 
H. A dwarf much- 

with 6008. flowers 
produced in July and August. Siberia. 
CL. Späth, Berlin.) 


imula floribunda Lir cmm 
i. 1896, 113, t. € Primulace 

iffers from the type in ivii 

mich ee flowers. (Haage & Schmidt, 

rt.) 


Qt D. G. 


po o 
som iate 


Prun 
1896,26 26. $ ico 


a Ps 
Asia a Minek. ae es Bein) 


CArnold Arboretum.) 


S C. 1896, xx., 470.) 
“Frond s compound, pinnæ 
uch subdivided, the eade me pes. 
being IMP istate.”” Orig 
(T. Childs.) 


Pteris Childsii. 
Filices. G. 
mu 


Pteris i d C. 1896, xix., 
€: G. Proba bly a seedling variety 
ees ee with fonds 2 ft. high and 
pine pen = ky e,dark green. (Messrs. 
Stroud 


*Pterisanth MARE. ue e 1896, 
XX., 182.) Ampelideæ. S. imber 


with the habit of a ee cordate leaves 
5 in. long an rachis flattened 
1 7 


e flowers on 
) 


n 
the viram Malaya. 


Pyrus us var. aurea pe (G. 
1896, 169, t. 1495.) Rosa H. 

form with leaves blotched. pe bright 

golden yellow. (LL. Späth, Berlin.) 


marron us palunris Reichenbachi 
1895,27.) Cupuliferæ. 
À s with the leaves red from stats 
first opening. es Wendland, Herren- 
hausen, Hanover. 
Quercus pedunculata mmbraculifers. 


CM. D. G. 1896, 2.) 
bro: age —: -— a Mecum raised 
(L. 


from a p. fastigiata. 
Tenis; dani 
Restrepia sanguinea, Rolfe. (K. B 


trepia 
1896, 44.)  Orchidez. 


n flow 
pen 2 fe long, an and the t is 


of the same length. Colombia, (Charle 
worth p Co.) 
Rhipsalis robusta, G. A. Lindb. (M. 
K 1896, 53.) Caetem. G. A South 
ian poets with stout terete 
branches ; ee E IS near tips of 
the v "CQ. A . Lindberg, Stock- 
holm.) 
i d Faleoneri x ges 
C. 1896, x 02.) Eri G. 


Auer the tuv: p cies 
indicated in de name. Origin uncertain. 
Rhododendron bn ep um (R 
6, 359, and 428, t.) H. A garden 


hy bri be between R. arit ianum and 
oni (M. Halopé, Cherbourg.) 


e oraa n C Luscombe, As 
(G 896, Xn 
Ters from ds i dos in e dires 
of a rich erimson colour. (S. C. God- 
man.) 


ron th (G. C.1 
Rhododend arden hybrid ét een 
(J. 


R. "fa commi e R. javanicum. 

Veitch & Sons.) 
s succirubrum, (M. G. Z. 1896, 
Em Saxifragee. Lect A hybrid be- 
. divaricatum and .R. niveum. 

qt. Zabel, Gotha.) 
Saccolabium Barbeyæ,Kränzl. | tu 
sil. 


1896, 40). Orchidec 
Angrecum imbricatum, Lin 


B. 


i 


* 


Salix humboldtiana, var. 
: of 


André. (R. H 


r. fastigia 
1896, 177, 
debo Salicinee. G. A form 


55 


Lombardy Per 
André, de <3 


pyramidal ps Vue d ge: of E 
(Ed 


*Salvia sc chiedeana, tie o (K 
1896, 19.) Lab G. 


ong ; flower-spike 
ong, pt we Mexico. (Kew.) 


lumosa aurea. 
apri rifo iaceo. 

H for carlet- berried elder 

be eons golden leaves. (De Voss, 


Sammes PME 
(M. D. G. — 


See Ae DE hainanensis, T — 
TAB Orchidez. S. 


ie ia aciem 
S — cnet vue -oblong 

eme 3 in. long; town light 
sepals and pu 3 in. long, 
lip shorter. Hainan. (Kew 
vn C. 1896, 


A seedling 
(EF. Sander 


Archia; ; stem 
4 * 


z 
i 


; DAFTACONIA Sanderz. 
534.) arraceniacee. 
or r hybrid of garden origin. 
& Co.) 


*Saxifraga afghanica, Aitch. & Hemsl 
ie Es xlix., 260.) Saxifra, rages. 
-— ct plant with mu flowers 
dier o the I a oup. 
Afghanistan. (Rew. æ s: 


Sedum englerianum, Graebner. 
B. 1896, 186.) Crassu laceæ. H. 
spe 


as. ‘ 

gypsicolum. Pyre nees. eE B. G.) 
*Senecio multiflorus, (6; C. 
1896, xix., 460, ff. 67 S "Como. 
ally of th i 


Doroni t. 4994. 

Canary Islands. (Cambridge 5 G.) 

Sidalcea malvefiora em (Gard. 
1896, L., 131.) Malvace: variety 
with blush- pink foit. ` (Lister. ) 


(G. C. 
S A 


V 
» 


Krünzl. 
chidex. 

new od with the hi abit of & 

hansen Leaf sheaths d via black 

spots; flow e-like v 


mets xix, 608). On 


japon 
nivied Y in its fruits. 
(L. "Spit Berlin.) 


Ja 


59 


EE Marriottii. (G. 

896, xx., 667. ^ Orchidee. G. 
gard between Sophronitis 
grandi ora a Lelia flava. (Sir W. 
Marriott.) 


C. 
A 


Schoenlandia ny cen Cornu. (J. 
Pontederiacer. S. 
2: acaulescent terrestial plant with 
cordate acute leaves. The soli 
flowers Im from short branches in 
the axils of the Pind branches bracts 
nd flowers being a violet Dy 
Western "Tropical dire (Paris B. G.) 


Selenipedium Verdieri. (J. O. 1 
100.)  Orchidez. rden hybrid 
between S. caudatum a Psi and S. 
Roezlii 


Solanum Farini, Hort. (W.G 

G. A strong- Mai 
bluc- ÉL spiny "Agar allied to S. 
duplosinuatum. Africa. (Dammann & 
Co., Naples 


E — Sonics fructu 
c CM. . 1896, 28.) -— " 


of the Mou 
Ash with edible fruits ; iuoduted Mod 


Russia. (L. Späth, Berlin.) 
hk o o Tan a 
avat. (G/f. 1896, 505, t . 1431.) Rosa- 


n inte cresting. ass pretty 
deciduous shrub wc ande in its parts 
n S. flexuosa. Jap 


Taxus floridana, Nutt. (G. and 
1896, 261 Taxacee. H. “A bush 


spreading branches.” 
Florida. (Biltmore Arboretum.) 


Thunia alba ower (Sand. ae 
Na 17.) Orchidee. $. Flo 
arger than in the type, pure iiti the 
ip golden yellow. (F. Sander & ips os 
Thuya —— Elw: ana 
aurea. (M. Fa 28. “Con 
feræ. Ph, the Am 


Arborvite with den ea PE lees 
which do n 
(L. Späth, Beli. 


Thu a a be ome f. D. 

c 28.) E thik, 
id uL narrow jo ee rr habit. (O. 
Froebel, Zurich.) 


Tigridia Pavonia alba immaculata. 
(Gard. 1896, xlix., 361.) Irideæ. A 
snowy white form without spots. (Van 

me n, junr., Haarlem.) 


vonia Bava. 
a 96, = d A. distin 
pale yellow flowers. (Kew 


(Gard. 
o um wit 


— arbore bipinnati bem 
ce d 1896, xi. ,052.)  Filices.  G. 
iety with finely dividei fronds, 

lighter in colour and more elegant than 
e type. (J. Veitch & Sons.) 


Trichomanes Fraseri, Jenm. (G. C. 
1890, xx., 266.)  Filices. S. ne 
species with creeping rootstock, small 

r vE green naked f e which 
are sub-flabellate, } in. grs the 
sori sone to the top lobes. nest 


Indies. (P. Neill Fraser.) 
Ulmus NL Leiner 
nova. 
rticace: H: v 
leaves ind a denser habit tha 
umbraculifera. (L. Späth, Berlin.) 


ee ianthina, Hook. f. 
GB. Mt 7466.) Lentibularier. S. 
h andsome species with niform 


aan and lar ale blue corolla 
the rounded convex part of the lower 
lip ms marked ter Ae — 
golden bands edged with deep violet. 
Ina ge^ — p in ue axils of the 
leaves esa. Brazil. (F: 
Sander & Op St. Albun s.) 
*Uvaria virens, N. E. Br. (K. B. 
1896, 16.) Anonaceæ. S. A new 


species with hairy stems and oblon 
leaves 3 to 6 in. long; flowers sessile 
in — small, yellow-green. Delagoa 
Bay. (Kew.) 


Vanda Bensoni var. tristis, Parish. 
(G. E oo xix., 422.) Orchidee 

ariety with flowers coloured 
DRIN outside and dirty brow 

within, lip whitish gets! with gem 


side-lobes. Moulm (F. San 
Co.) 
Vanes bicolor, Griff. (G. C. we 
422. G. rare specie 
recently reintroduced. Stem 3 ft.; 


leaves 6-10 in. long obtusely two-lobed; 
M": stout erect, 4-6 flowered, ers 
2 in. diameter 


le, 
cae lip margined with ye show 
and with large m mr side-lobes. 
Himalia. (F, Sander & Co.) 
Vanda kimballiana var. Lacknerz, 
Krünzl (G. B - 337, t.1498.) S 
A form with of a pure white 
except the small "ide lobes of the lip 
ieh are yello (C. Lackner, Steg- 
litz, Geny 


Vials Deokigua, E Pam ae 
ii. 
ele ‘rock sient with LE blue or 
yellow flowers. Bosn 


CW. G. 1896, 


*Vitis doaniana, rec (G. a 
1896, 454, f. 59.) mpelidee. H. 
very hardy vine ith ere white leaves 
and branches. Tex 
Vitis Solonis : robusta. (QW. G.1 
A garden hybrid Toten 


Y So tik onis and V. ky 
fils, Marseilles.) 


— —— at — —. 
gar 


hieroglyfien bise d 
(M a cialis: aik: ) 


cepe Mortierii. (R. E 1896, 219.) 
garden hybrid between En- 
B^ erm roseum and Vriesia incurvata. 
(J. Sallier fils, Paris.) 


yk. splen 
(M. Ban Versailles Ss 


(Besson 


60 


Watsonia iridifolia Ardernei. (G. 
and 4 HZH 
e 
Plants for 1889. (R. Wallace & Co.) 
Zamia noeffiana, L. Lind. (Lind. Cat. 


1896, 23.) Cycadacee. G escribed 


S. America. Cor 
nationale, Brussels 


minm Int nter- 


Zephyranthes taubertiana, Harms. 

(Gj. me zal, t. 1437) Amaryllidex. 
G. A sp with narrow linear leaves 
and large pipe Bower Brazil. 
(Berlin B. G.) 


Zygopetalum Perrenaudii. (G. C. 
1896, xix., 337, 367, f. 50.) Orchidez. 
ao garden hybrid E 
intermedium and zillare 
Gauthieri. (A. A. Peeters, Dennet 


ROYAL GARDENS, KEW. 


BUZLZLETIN 


MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 


APPENDIX III.—1897. 


LIST of the STAFFS of the ROYAL GARDENS, Kew, and 
of Botanical Departments and Establishments at Home, 
and in India and the Colonies, in Correspondence with 
Kew. 


* Trained at Kev. t Recommended by Kew. 


Royal Gardens, Kew :— 


Director  - - - - W.T.Thiselton-Dyer. C.M.G., 
OI E, ER B LED PhD. 
M.A., F.L.S 

Assistant-Director  - - - Daniel Morris, C.M.G., D.Se., 
M.A., E.L. s 

Assistant (Office) - - - *John Aikmar 


Š - *William Nicholls Winn. 


» 23 


Keeper of Herbarium and Library J a a Baker, F.R.S., 


PrincipalAssistant (Ph gams) ) *Willim Botting Hemsley, 
RB., FILS. 


si ss aa - George Massee, F.L.S. 
Assistant (Herbarium) - Nicholas Edward Brown, 
S. 


- - * Robert Allen Rolfe, A.L.S. 
- *Sidney Alfred Skan. 


»pow m$ 
P 
5m 
"D 
=} 
ad 
4 
, "rj 
Cs 
Un 


v hw lude. - - Otto Stapf, Ph.D. 


14800—1375—10/97 Wt6l D&S 29 


62 


Honorary Keeper, Jodrell e l Dukinfield Henry Scott, 
borator - - - | ERS; MA, Ph.D, F.LS. 


Keeper of Museums - - - John Reader d A.L.8. 


Assistant tips ae - - - John Masters Hillie 
Preparer - - - - George Badderly. 
Curator of the — - - George Nicholson, A.L.S. 
Mn Curator - - William Watson. 
Fore — 
Arbara - *William J. Bean. 
Herbaceous Depart —" - - *Walter Irving. 


(— an Ornamental Frank Garrett. 


Depar t. 
laee Bouis (Sub-tropical *William Dallimore. 
Department). 


Cambridge.—University Botanic Garden :— 


Professor - - - Henry Marshall Ward, 
M.A., Sc.D., F.R.S., 


Secretary to Botanic l Walter Gardiner, MA., 


Garden STNE F.R.S. 
Curator - - *Richard Irwin Lynch, 
A.L.S. 


Dublin.—Roya! Botanic — ce Glasnevin :— 
Keeper  - - Frederick W. Moore 
As LS. 


Trinity ped cen Minis :— 
E. Perceval Wright, 
Sec 


LI LI ees 


R.L.A. 
Curator  - - - *F. W. Burbidge, M.A., 
F.L.S. 
Edinburgh.—Royal Botanic Garden :— 
Regius Keeper - - Isaac Rayley Balfour, 
M.D., D.Sc., FRBI 
Head Gardener - EN Richar "son. 


Assistant Gardener - *R. L. Harrow. 


Glasgow.—Botanic Gardens :— 
University Professor- F. O. Bow go D. Be, 
F 


i 
- *Daniel Dewar. 


Curator - E 
Oxford.—-University Botanic Garden :— 
Professor - - - SydneyH. Vines,D. Se, 
RS., F.L.S. 


Curator - " - *William "Baker, 


63 


COLONIES. 
Antigua. (See Leeward Islands.) 


Barbados.—Dodd’s Reformatory, Botanic Station :— 


Superintendent 


British Guiana.—Botanic Gardens :— 
Georgetown Superintendent and 
Go ment Bo- 


anist. 
Head Gardener 
Secon 
Promenade Ga rden 
Head G — 
Keeper  - 


Berbice - 


British Honduras.—Botanic Station : 


John R. Bovell,F.C.S. 
F.L.8. 
*George S. Jenman, 
ELS. z 
- TJohn F. Waby. 
*Robert Ward. 


William m 
Richard Hun 


Curator - - - Eugene Campbell. 
Canada.— 
Ottawa - - Dominion Botanist - Prof. John Macoun, 
M.A., F. R. S8. C., 
Assistant ; JOR. "M. Macoun. 
Director of Govern- Prof. Wm. Saunders, 
xperi- F. R.S 3. 
mental Farms. 
Botanist and  Ento- James P po. F.L.S. 
mologist. 
Montreal - - Director, University Prof. D. P. Penhallow, 
B.Se. 


Botanic Garden. 


Cape Colony.— 


Government Botanist 


Prof. MacOwan, F.L.S. 


Ceylon.—Department of Royal Botanie Gardens :— 


Director - - 
Peradeniya - Curator - - 

Clerk - 

raughtsman - 

Hakgala - - ete dent 

C m Bue 
Henaratgoda - Gonduoto 
Anuradhapura »" E - 
Badulla - - : : 


Dominica, (See Leeward Islands.) 


- tJohn C. Willis, M.A. 


era. 
S. de Silva, apua 
D. F. de Sil 
D. A. Genia 


Falkland Islands.—Government House Garden :— 


Head Gardener - 


- *Albert Linney. 


Fiji.— Botanic Station :— 
urator  - - - *Daniel Yeoward. 


Gambia.—Botanic Station :— 


Curator  - - - *Walter Haydon. 
Gold Coast.—Botanic Station :— 
Curator  - - - *Charles Henry Hum- 
. phries. 


Grenada.—Botanie Garden :— 
Curator  - - - *Walter E. Broadway. 


Hong “OnE — Botanic and Afforestation gend -— 
Superintendent - - TCharles Ford, F.L.S. 
Assistant Superinten- *W, J. T utcher. 
dent 


Jamaica.—Department of Public Gardens and Plantations :— 


Director - - TWilliam Faweett, 
B.Sc., F.L.S. 
Hope Gardens - Superintendent - - "William Crad wick. 
Castleton Garden » - *William J. Thompson. 
Cinchona (Hill i . *William Harris. 
Garden). 
n Parade » - John Campbell. 
Garden. 
King's House " - "Thomas J. Harris. 
Garden. . 
Bath-  - - Overseer - - - W.Groves. 
Lagos.—Botanie Station :— 
Curator  - - - “Henry Millen. 
Assistant - - - *F. G. R. Leigh. 


- - s CIA Tey 


29 


Leeward Islands.—Botanic Stations :— 


Antigua - E 5 Curator - - Alleyne S. Archer. 
2i ~ - Cura - - - *Joseph Jones. 
Montse * 

St. Etta Kovis - - Head Gardener - - Joseph Wade. 


Malta —Argotti Botanic Garden :— | 
Director - - Dr. Francesco Debono. 


Mauritius.—Department of Forests and Botanic Gardens :— 

Pamplemousses - Directo EGET 

Mieinn: Director ot J. Vankeirsbilck. 
8 


J. Powell. 
Assistant Directo: of Paul Koenig. 
Forests 


Curepipe - - Overseer - > - F. Bijoux. 
Reduit - - - . - W. A. Kennedy. 


39 


65 
Montserrat. (See Leeward Islands.) 


Natal.—Botanic Gardens :— 


Durban - - Curator - - - John Medley Wood, 
A.LS. 
Head Gardener - - *Ja Wylie. 
Propagator E - *William Thorpe. 
Pietermaritzburg Curator - E - G. Mitchell 


New South Wales.—Botanic Gardens :— 
Sydney  - - Director - - - J. H. Maiden, F.L.S. 


New Zealand :— 
Wellington.—Colonial Botanic Garden :— 


Director - E - Sir James Hector, 
K.C F.R.S. 
Head Gardener - - G. Gibb. 
Dunedin - E pss Mendes - J. McBean. 
Napier - - - W. Barton, 
Invercargill - Sone Gardener - - Thomas Waugh. 
land - - Rar - - William Goldie. 
Christchurch - Head "rano. - - *Ambrose Taylor. 


Niger Coast Protectorate.—Botanic Garden :— 


Old Calabar - Curator - - - Horace W. L. Billing- . 
n. 
Assistant Curator - *John H. Holland. 
T —Botanic Department :— 
Brisbane - - Colonial Botanist - F. M. Bailey, F.L.S 
Botanie Gardens :— 
po - - E oe — 
Ove = 4. 181 
Ac climatisation Societ 8 Gardana 
Secretary ‘and Mo Wm. Soutter. 
Ass fts ; - A. Humphrey. 
Rockhampton - Boberntshdent. - -38 Edgar, 


St. Kitts-Nevis. (See Leeward Islands.) 


St. Lucia.— Botanic Station :— 


Curator  - = - *John Chisnall Moore. 
St. Vincent.—Botanic Station :— 
Curator - - - *Henry Powell. 
Sierra Leone.—Botanic Station :— 
Curator - > - *Frederick Enos Willey 
South Australia.— Botanic Gardens :— 
Adelaide - - Director - - - Maurice Holtze, F.L.S. 


Port Darwin  - Curator - - Nicholas Holtze. 


66 
Straits Settlements.—Gardens and Forest Department :— 
Singapore - - Director - - - TH. N: Ridley, M.A., 
Assistant Superinten- *Walter Fox. 
Penang  - - Assistant Superinten- fCharles Curtis, F.L S. 
dent. 
Perak (Kuala Kangsar).—Government Gardensand Plantations :— 
"t Superintendent - E ,Uliver Marks. 
»  (Taiping)- - - *Robert Derry. 
Tasmania.—Botanic Gardens :— 
Hobart Town  - Superintendent- - F. Abbott. 


Trinidad.—Royal Botanic Gardens :— 
Superintendent - - TJohn H. Hart, F.L.S. 
Assistant ,  - - *William Lunt. 
Victoria.—Botanic Gardens :— 
Melbourne- - Curator -  - 
National Herbarium :— 
Curator -  - - J.G.Luehmann, F.L.S. 
Western Australia.— 
Consulting Botanist - F. Turner, F.L.S 
y 


- W.R.Guilfoyle, F.L.S. 


Zanzibar.— 
Director of Agricul- R. N. Lyne. 
ture. 


INDIA. 
Botanical Survey.—Director, George King, M.D., LL.D., C.I.E., 
F.R.S., F.L.S 


Bengal, Assam, Burma ; uds Andamans and Nicobar’ ; North- 
East Frontier Expeditior 
ie us of] George King, M.D. 
the Royal Botanic ED- CLE., E.R.S., 
Gardens, Calcutta FES: 
Bombay, including Sind :— 
Lecturer on Botany, | 
College of } *G. Marshall Woodrow. 
Science, Poona - 
Madras: the State of Hyderabad and the State of Mysore :— 
Government Botanist 


67 
pa aee Provinces and Oudh; the Punjab; the Cen 
nees ; Central India ; Rajputana ; North-West ene 
Expedit ions :— 
Director of the Bo- ] 


tanic Department - 
Northern Indis. tJ. F * S Duthie, BA. 
Ej 


Saharanpur 
TW. . , 
Bengal :— 
Reporter on Econo- ) 
mie Products to George Watt, M.B., 
t Government M C;LE., F.L.S 
of India, Indian cs ig dise 


Museum, Calcutta 


Bengal.—Department of Royal Botanic Gardens :— 


Calcutta Superintendent - Geerge King M.D., 
(Seebpore) In D CL E., F.R.S, 
F.L.S. 


See of ne David Prain, M.B., 
F.L. na gem 

ior y Garden - - ou 45 

Assistant à H. J. Dav pa 

Probationer - eee H. Cave. 


Caleutta.—A gri-Horticultural Society of India :— 
Secretary - - P. Lancaster. 


Mungpoo - cia unc Ee Ge George King, M.D., 
ve LL.D., C.I.E., ER S., 
aas a Plantations F.L.S. 
Deputy *R. Pantling. 
ver Assistant =- NE ier ge Parkes. 
- ammie 
de s - inde Hartless. 
Darjeeling.-Lloyd Botanie Garden :— 
Curator - - - *William A. Kennedy 
Darbhangah.—Maharajah's Garden :— 
Superintendent - Herbert Thorn. 
Bombay.— 
Poona - 


Lecturer on Botany *G. Marshall Woodrow. 


Ghorpuri.—Botanie Garden :— 

Superintendent - A. R. Lester. 
Bombay.—Municipal Garden :— 

Superintendent - — C. D. Mahaluxmivala. 


Karachi.—Municipal Garden :— 
Superintendent - *William Strachan, 


68 


Central Provinces.— 


Nagpur - - Superintendent of 
Public Gardens. 


Madras.—Botanic Department :— 
Ootacumund - Government Botanist 
Director of Govern- 
ment Cinchona 
Plantations. 
Curator of Gardens 
and Parks. 


Madras.—Agri-Horticultural pita lead A — 
n. Secretary - E 
Baperinténdedi - 


Native States.— 
Mysore Bengalore) Baperistendeni - 


Gwalior - : : 
Morvi - - à - 
Travancore (Trivandrum) - 
Udaipur 


North-West Provinces— 


Agra (Taj — Superintendent — - 
DENS - d 


manina (hones) - 
Lucknow E - - 
Saharanpur and 
Branch Garden, - 
_ Mussoorie. 
Punjab.— 
Lahore - - Superintendent - 


*J. Horne Stephen. 


W. M. Standen. 
*Robert L. Proudlock. 


Dr. A. G. Bourne. 
9). M. Gleeson. 


*J. Cameron, F.L.S. 
*G. H. Krumbiegel. 
tC. Maries, F.L.S. 
*Joseph Beck. 


T. H. Storey. 


F. J. Bullen. 


*Matthew "Ridley. 
William Gollan. 


H. G. Hein. 


[AU Rights eere] 


2. ROYAL. GARDENS, KEW. 


BULLETIN 


OF 


MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 


APPENDIX I1I.—1897. 


CONTENTS. 


NEW GARDEN PLANTS OF THE YEAR 1896. 


LO Nz 
PRINTED FOR HER MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE, 
BY EYRE AND SPOTTISWOODE, 
PRINTERS TO THE QUEEN’S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY. 


And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from 
EYRE AND a obi ne HaRDING STREET, FLEET FORMA E.C. ane 
N STR ET, WESTMINSTER, S.W.5 
JOHN sene ge Qu. a RC MOM STREET, Epivscnon, and 
90, WEST T NILE "STREET, GLASGOW o 
HODGES, mobs & Co., LIMITED, 104, Gate SrREET, DUBLAN. ~ 


1897. RT S x 
c dPrefowpeeen |. 0 s 


ROYAL GARDENS. 


KEW. 


THe “KEW BULLETIN” of Miscellaneous 
Information is issued as an occasional publication from 
the Royal Gardens at Kew. 

The “ BULLETIN ” is printed for Her Majesty’s Stationery 
Office, and published by Messrs. Eyre & Spottiswoode, at 
East Harding Street, Fleet Street, E.C., and 32, Abingdon 
Street, S.W., and it may be obtained directly from them 
or through any Bookseller. 


Price Fowrpence per copy. By post: 5d. per copy. 
Back numbers, previous to January 1893, twopence per 
copy, when available. 
The Price of the Annual Volume of the * KEW 
- BULLETIN " for each year, with rates of postage, is as 


follows :— 
| Price (including Postage), 
Year. oe Prices 

United Foreign and 

Kingdom, Colonial. 

a | E ud. 3 d 

1891 3 0 3 4l 3 64 
1892 $ 0 $ 4i 3 61 

| 1893 - 80 3 4i 3 6l 
1894 - 3 0 3 43 3 7i 

| 1895 - 3 0 3 4i 3 6 


The Annual Volumes for 1887 to 1890 are out of print 
and cannot now be supplie 

The Index to the first five volumes, being Appendix IV., 
1891, may be had separately, price 2d. 

The Bulletin is also sold by John Menzies and Co., of 
Edinburgh and Glasgow, and Hodges, Figgis, and Co., 
Limited, of Dublin. 


ROYAL GARDENS, KEW. 


BULLETIN 


OF 


MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 


APPENDIX II.—1897. 


NEW GARDEN PLANTS OF THE YEAR 1896. 


The number of garden plants annually = yeni in botanical and 
byte publieations, both English and foreign, is now so consider- 
able that it has been thought desirable to publish a sottitéto list of them 
in the Kew Bulletin each year. The following list comprises all the 
new introductions sepas sore 1896. These lists are indispensable 
to the maintenance of a rect nomenclature, especially in the smaller 
botanical Albona in rhea with Kew, which are, as & 
rule, only scantily provided with horticultural periodicals. 

will afford information respecting new plants under cultivation at 
this establishment, many. of which will be vraie from it in the 
regular course of exchange with other botanie garden 

The present list includes not only plants biok in into cultivation for 
the first time during 1896, but the most noteworthy o 
been re-introduced after being lost from cultivation. Other plants 
included in the list may have been in gardens for several years, but either 
were m described or their names had not been authenticated "until 
cent 


In addition to Deus and botanical varieties, all hybrids, whether 
introduced or of garden origin, with botanieal names, and described for 
the first time in 1896, are included. It has not been un desirable, 
however, to give authorities after the names of garden in su 
genera as Cypripedium, &c. . Mere garden a5 of a plants as 

leus, Codieum or Narcissus are omitted for obvious reasons. 

In every case the us is cited under its published - name, although 
some of the names are doubtfully correct. Where, however, a correction 
has appeared desirable, this is made. 

The name of the Bron 1 in — collection the plant was first noticed 
or described is given where known. 

An asterisk is eo to dii those plants of which examples are in 
cultivation at 

The ptiticitinns from which this list is compiled, with the abre. 
viation used to indicate them, are as follows :— — Bulletin 
L Herbier Boissier. B. H. N.— Bulletin da Museum d' histoire naturelle; 

M.—Botanical Magazine. Bruant Cat.—Bruant’s Catalogue 
U 96558. 1375.—4/97. Wt. 123. A 


44 


of New Plants, 1896. B. T. O.—Bulletino della R. Società Toscana di 


Ortieultura. 
Plants. Gar 


Du ee d'horticulture de Frate 


E Cat.—Bull, Catalogue of New, Beautiful, 
Garden G. Ga 


r 
Ill. H. —L'lllustration Horticole. 
d: H. 


and Rare 
ardenerg Chania G. 
—Gartenflora. G. M—Gardeners’ 
Jard.—Le Jardin. J. 

— Journal de la Société 
rnal des Orchidées. 


O. soi 
irem etin of Miscellaneous Information, Royal Gardens, Kew. L. 


nd 


Girtner-Zeitur 
5 G. M 

v din 
aeth, 


Sp 
Catalogue of Plants. W. G.— 


: dee or 


— Lemoine, 
TP THonisitiore Internationale, Catalogue. 
Deutschen Vues prope Gesellschaft. M. G. 
onatsschrift für Kakteenkunde. 
Notizblatt Ta eia ‘botanischen Garten und M 


. R.— R 
Re . B.—Revue de l'Hortieulture Belge. 
Sand. Cat.—Sanders’ eim of New Plants, 1895. S, 
General Nursery Catalogue. Veit ch 
Wiener iiiastrirto Garten-Zeitung. 


se.—JH. 


velles. Lind. Cat.— 
D. Gc Mittitfüngen n der 


Z.-- Moller’s vem 
n B.— 


M. 


at.— 
Cat.—V eitch & Sons, 


The abbreviations in n: rete Aie of the plants are: 
ardy. 


Feet. .—(reen 
Stove 


—Inches. S.— 


Abies grandis pendula. CM. D, G. 
: 6, 28.) Conifere. H. A weeping 

form. Originated in nursery of L. 
Späth, Berlin. 


Acalypha Sanderi, N. B. Brown. (G. C. 
1896, xx., 392.) Urt C Be An 
species COE a height o of 10 to 15 ft. 
with large o rrated leaves 
bris dei E drooping taie spikes of 

New Guinea. 
(m de & QJ. 


Acanthophi oe Merce fa 


ct new species affin x "Curtis 
seid QU in. long, 
purplish ; ves blots Tanócolite 
ees 
2 

(P. Wolter, 


war 


long, white. 
g-) 


— 
O. 1896, 158, 
de S. near ally of 
A. hier, but diftering ta e much 
ur of 


the flowers. se epals yik agile | 


shaded with AN Mns and m 
Mrd Be rple; petals sepals but 
r port ion n ip waxy white, 
thickened part of disk oran ge yellow 
and lined vidi 
hi "CL'Horticultare 
biermetiosata, Brussels.) 
Acer campestre, var. porteten R. 
ae, p JD. Œ. 1896, 80.) Sapin- 
dacee. H. A yelow- leaved form of 
the common maple. 


| 
| 
| 


= 
| 


HH — Hall bani. 


mr —— aureo- md ee 
D. G. 1896, 79.) H. 
n margin and dotted rim LL 


h esr 


criptiv ve 
IE. B URETo Pun. em er rulentum. 


r Negundo varieties. 
1896, 78.) H. The following pet ms 
= ns tea, 


of this species are des 
figured, viz.:—densi, 
koehneanum, parsitiun; rectangulatum 
Acer E boreale. (M. D. G. 
H. Said to have been in- | 
notasi from Canada and to be hardy - 
-— Russia, e" to ripen seeds where the 


own in Euro = killed 
by cold: (H. H. Sehr roeder, M Meee ) 
ee eo odessanum. (M. D. 
eran 2.) H. A form with leaves 
eeper golden eolour and retain 
dat pear longer than the or end 
Lee Acer Negundo. (T. Rothe 


Odessa.) 


Acer Att Me mu color. 
(G/l. 1886, 219.) orm S Me 
Norway Maple wi wit =e red 
later eei d yellowish-white aiieek 
and blot 


“ 


AIO ianum. 


ricating 
none. West Indies. ae nnm - 


45 


ae c age oo Regel & Radde. | 
Eie 240.) Ranunculacee 
A pretty pm with much divided 
mx and yellow flowers about 2 in. in | 
diameter. North China. .(Kew.) 


Aerides "ierra album. (4.1 
538.) S. A form differing 
"ia Got ‘oe in "having entirely a 


flowers (M. Fl. Pauwels, Deurn 
Belgium.) 
ES laxifolia, Baker. (B. M. t. 


477.) Amaryllidez. A deis of 
the section Rigide near A. excelsa. The 
flo give out a smell exactly like 
that of mice. Mexico. (Kew.) 


OK lobata, Deene. (B. M 
485.) Berberid dex. H. This di 


üre sma 


of 
ture and colour. P -dupur, North China. 
ew.) 


Alocasia sanderiana gandavensis. 
(iu. y P 267, t. 2 Aroidex. 
S. Af with young leaves of pur- 
plish ce colour AU vermilion- 
d Tale, this coloration remains 

the under surface but 
gradually ngii to green on the upper 
ce. (Louis De Smet-Duvivier, 

Ghent.) 


Aloe abyssinica, Lam. (W. G 6, 
102.) Liliacee. | G. e Klowis: 
e are deseribed by C. Sprenger 

glauca, robusta, recurvata, pyg- 
æa, maculata. (Dammann & Co. 
N aples.) 


€ Bedinghausii. (M. K. 1896, 24.) 
G. - — hybrid between mee 
oe longiaristata. 

Cision, & Schmidt = rfurt.) 


= inii . K. 1896, vu 
uci t hybrid 1 between Gast 
verrucosa Aloe longiar istata. 
(Haage & Sehniat, Erfurt:) 
Aloe Chiudo dowii. (M. K. 1896, 24) 
rden hybrid, whose parents 


eet as probably Gasteria ara 
and G. verrucosa. (Haage & Schmidt, 
Erfurt.) 


Aloe cyanea, (M. K. 94. G. 
A garden Rora Deiker A. prend and 
A. incana: (Haage & Schmit, Erfurt.) 


Aloe de Laetii (WM. K. 1896, 24.) 
SU 2 d deir between A. ciliaris 
and A. soce (Haage & Schmidt, 
Erfurt. as 


Aloe Holtzei. (M. K. 18 


9, 249 Lx: 
rden hybrid — e probable parents 
= given as ermedia and 
. Haworthia Radula, T Hase & Schmidt, 
Erfurt.) 


Me T eri. CM. K. 1896, 24.) G. 
en hybrid between "Aloe ser- 

d F Lomatophyllum | borbonicum. 
Frodo & Schmidt, Erfurt.) 


Aloe hybrida gloriosa. (M. K. 1896, 
27. A ga brid between Lo- 
matophyllum bor ets and Gasteria 
maculata. (Haage & Schmidt, Erfurt.) 


ace Lapaixii. (M. K. 1896, 27.) t. 
garden d between Gasteri 
mit ye Aloe  longiari ristata. 

(Haage & Schmidt, Erfurt.) 


cs Lauchei (M. K. 1896, 27.) Si 
garden hybrid betwesn Gaster 
puts ‘a and G. scaberrima. (Haage k 
Schmidt, Erfurt.) 


oy meno- (M.K. 1896, 27.) 
arden Mp of which 
biari tata is one of the parents. 
(Haage & Schmidt, Erfart.) 


AS Quehlii. 
ga hybrid between Wake A 
uabulatà and G. formosa. (Haa 
Schmidt, Erfurt.) 


VUE Dussii, een 
are 1696, 178. maran 

andsome annual with Mie 
called pus es and flowers. Perhap: 
variety of A. spinosus. West Iiis. 
(Dammann & Co., Naples.) 


(M.K. 1896, 97.) G. 


Amaranthus a gi SS H. 1896, 
141, fI bly a variety 
s melancholic with elliptic leaver 
ood-red above and PAS beneath. 
Distant & Co., Naples.) 
, R. Br. ut T. 0. 
y H 
e annual or peremit 
ied ad for, 9 e inet iat like flowers. 
(Da nn & Co., Naples.) 


Angraecum Sites Ed. André. 
— cR -H. 1896, 256, f.; 
O. R. 1896, 196.) A synonym of 
stylosum, Rolfe. CK. B. 1895, 194). 

Anthurium ncm (G.-C. oo 

xix., 401. i S. ga 

seedling or hybrid ; parentage not aers 

(Sir Trevor Lawrence.) 


yellow spadix. G. Laing & 


46 


Aralia a eee aureo ' 
Ss d . 1896, 323.) 
Huren orm mers golden 

atsit lea aves. (Peter Smith & 


o5, Bergedorf, Germany.) 


Arctostaphylos: idm m mon A. Gray. 


Lu 
een bush with ‘ovate 


A prostrate evergr 
Jenilióty leaves and short racemes of 
reddish flowers. Sierra Nevada. 


Artemis ia frigida, Willd. eee 
18, 2 35). ‘Composite small 
h, herbaceous from “a v ar decet t 
thse, with e eut ae S ied leaves. 
W. erica. (L. 

Späth, Berlin. jJ 


EG ristatum x marginale. 
—Á— ir 96, 444, f. 58.) Filices. 


Dave enport, 
Medford, Mass., U.S.A.) 


idium simulatum, Davenport. 
“and F. 1896, 484, £69. H. 
A. 


cies 

Which | it jibl in kiadi charact 
chiefly in its ih stipe, in- in- 
trorse lower pinne, larger sori and less 


e 
. Davenport, Medford, Mass., USA.) 


Asplenium Herbstii. (G. C. il ; 
. 470.) Filices. H. “ Fronds very 
oliaceous an bright pragia 
colour.” Origin not stated, (H; B. 
May.) 


ilmorini, n e Boo. 
= "Compos 

markable for its wida riam 
oe heads vidis ray-florets of a erai rium 


Aster 
1896, 


either solita in pairs at the 
~= of a long naked stalk. We iden 
China. (M. Maurice de Vilmorin, 
France.) 


Astragalus anus — T 
B. 1896, 18 det n 
nnial wi silvery eaves aa "o 
ray-violet flo e Nearly related to 
cretaceus, ozytropifolius and 
eriopigi us. Asia Min (Be rlin 
B. G.) 


Baccharis trimera, DC. S H. 1896, 


152, ff., 50-2.) Com mpos 


t 
Flo viet heads inconspieuous. 
Argentina (Ed. André, France.) 


nia acerifolia. rot Cat. 1896, 


E e NC em. oA n hybrid 
uvis Burkei and gw Qr. 


Veitch & Sons.) [There is a species 


Ecuador 


"Begonia carminata. (Veitch. Cat. 
1896, 2.) G. A garden hybrid between 
B. coccinea and B Dreget. (J. Veitch 

) 


called acerifolia, H. B. K., native of 
-] 


odoratissima, Lemoine, 
1896, ok A race of 

tuberous food Begonias with fragrant 

flow (V. Lemoine & Son , Nancy.) 


pA 


-— Rex x decora, Ph 
1896, 267, f. 123.) A series of 
h ybrids raised from the ivo “pants 
above- Mento ned is described. (MM. 
Cappe, France.) 


e eras —— Hook f. 
A remarkable 
vi 


white flowers with a few female 
and bisexual ones. Brazil. (F.- Sander 
& Co.) 


Berberis pruinosa, Franchet. = and 
F. 1896, 67.) Berberidee. 
warf shrub “the new growth, the anie 
side - the Temi and the — 
berries being ure white, and the 
fomai sulphur yellow? Yunnan 


Bertonerila. (Lind. Cat. mu 6, 7, ff.) 


re here describ red. (L^ Hor- 
tieulture pennis Tous 1s.) 


Billbergia Binoti, R. Gérard. (J. H. F. 
1896, 7 2 Bromeliacee. S. A species 
eciosa, Thunb. Leaves in a 


Organ Moeta Brazil. (Lyons B. G.) 
* Bocconia microcarpa, Mariae ume 
1896, L., 197.) Papavera A 
handsome species attaining ‘the p 
of 9 The inflorescen 
mand panii, x unlike the Veto 
tian Sumach, N. Ch Kew.) 


Brodiea ixioides erecta. (Gard. 
1896, xlix. 454.) Liliacee. A for p 
with large trusses of bright yello 
flowers. (Wallace & Son.) 

Brodiea Orcuttii, Baker. (G. 


C. 
je EX ue f. 40.) H. A bulb 
s of 5-15 bright lilae 


an e ier Breweri, A. wigs ee 
1896, 19.) Ericacee. 


charming dwarf e aea E m 
erowded narrow leave 
cemes of purple-red Hed California. 


Rolfe. 
- 


p 
a Br a ater Internationale, Brus- 
Is.) 


KD, 1096. d lon, — Rolfe. 
1896, 45. new species 
ith ovoid Bes iobotis 4 an inch long, 


ver a foot 1 d flowers in 
across ce light S acu: with a. red- 
purplelip. Fiji. (Kew) 


Exc Serie Wendl. 
(G. C. 1896, xix., — 
new species allied to B. 
ditulare, Mese it resembles in pseudo- 
bulbs, lea and flowers, but th 
only "half a s large. The flowers re 
yellowish green with brown stripes, the 
lip purple. Saranga Island. (Herren- 
hausen 


SN IPIE, "tremulum, Wight. 
(G 896, xix., 593.) G. Pře udo- 
Vnde subglobose, leaf san Dium 
2 in. ME E aceme 6 in 


fringed with long hairs. Nilghiri Hills. 

C. J. Lucas.) 

OCA i bicolor, C. H. Wright. 
cat 22, 223.) mtt 


Bra. 
for dye purposes. South America. 
(Kew.) 

Calanthe albata. (G. C. 1896, xx., 
602.) Orchidex. $. den hy- 
brid between C. BAA in and C. 
Cooksoni. (F. Sander & Co.) 


Calanthe  Cooksonii. (Sand. Cat. 
1896,3. S. A garden hybrid with 
white flowers; parentage not stated. 
(F. Sander & Co.) 

x om. nitidus, Dougl. uem 

;11.) Liliacee. H. - 
uem mauve in colou r A a 
mue T edd and a bloteh of EVA blue 


n eae ent ; rded at the base. 
California. a. (Wallace & Son) 


hinensis. Seta 


a ula balc 
; , L., 217.) Campanulaceæ. 
A garden hybrid between C. fragilis 


47 


and C. isophylla alba. (Balehin. & 
Sons.) 


*Campanula regina, Albof. (G. C. 
1896, xix., 648.) [This is c. mirabilis, _ 
Alboff. ] 


Carrieria calycina, Franch. (R 
1896, 497, f. 170.) Bixines. H. ro 
ua attaining a height of about 50 ft., 


the general aspect of Zdesia poly- w— 


i but with woody ca 
China. (Paris B. G.) 


Catasetum ce G. Beck. 
4 


CW.. G.. 1896, 494, t. 4. idem. 

a ce and sepals whitish or bright 

ip gre white, carmine- 
coloured i me One of the 


of the Safat 
hybrid °C. dilexi; Cogn. 


*Catasetum splendens, € Cogn. 
1896, tt. 502-3.) S. number of 
forms of this natural a ae figur 
in = main work under oam m 
names , macroca 


TOS albe-p purpureum 
CL’ Horticulture Internationale, Brus- - 
sels.) 


H. 1896, 91,t. 54.) S. 
A form wes nid flowers Menu 
(L/Horti 


Catasetum splendens aureo-macu- 
m. (4 


with rich red 
Taata rien 


Cattleya bicolor Lewisii. (G. C. 

s ih E aw Orchidee. G. A 

ety wi rald green sepals and 

petals a white ip, stained with deep 
purple. (E. Ashworth.) 


Cattleya granulosa Banneri. (O. R. 
1896, 244.) G. A variety with the 


p 
across. (s. Ban 

ttleya intermedio - Loddigesii 
ux 7 MT xix., 593.) G. Asup- 


P 
species indieated in the name, 
W. Rothschild.) 


Cattleya i intermedio-flava, (R. H. 
1896, 549.) G. A garden hybrid be- 
tween Cattleya intermedia and Laelia 
flava. (M. L. Fournier, Marseilles.) 


wee ae (G. C. 1896, 
A garden hybrid be- 
a G-A inerencama and C. Mossie. 

(R. LB. Whi 


lr eit demanniana Ernstii. 

1896, pU 655.) Flowers oo 
K richer in colour than those of the 
type. (H.S. Leon.) 


48 


ere Mathonis, x Lind. (L. Bot. Gard.) [This is Apes to be 
osed Natural identical with C. robustum, Rolfe. } 
bybra between c MA C. 
uddem na. (L. Linden Å" Co., | Cirsium tenore , Hort. - (W. G. 
Movitebeck; Belgium.) 1896, 76, ff. 6,7.) mpo ositae A 
j biennial, darin ng firs t year with leaves 

Cattleya maxima floribunda. (L. extremely like those of Chamaepeuce 
1896, t. 506.) A fine form with bright diacantha. The second year the flowe 
Mou owers, lip crimson purple ing stems develop to a height of 42 ft. 

: erisped edges margined with white. and bear numerous large beautiful red 
ci "iore iure Internationale, Brus- flower-heads, Origin not stated. (V 
ls.) Masek, Bohemia.) 
Sand. 

; onthe n m €— ie the Clematis Amos Britton. (G. an 
edd size and rich colour of the flowers. x -— iu Redi of e PIE heels J 
EE 20170.) dark violet- -purple, except at the acut 

E su er-Forbesi. G. C. 1896, reflexed yellow tips. Alleghany Moun- 
—— x arden hybrid between ains. pr pel C. S. Sargent, Brook- 
C. gt oe C. Forbes (J. th Mass., U.S.A.) 
Cypher. i 
«a Create S Robinson. (G. 
Cattleya Trian im. E 1896, tt. 530-1.) 896, 255, f. 36.) H. “This J 
ri rieties are figur red an HAIEKIN aetas of the Flammula 
Aprite; Triei vagal, dulcis, am- enel resembles in habit and foliage 

_ plissima, superba, ardens, splendens widely distributed au iable 

. majestica. E Tinde n & Co., Mo fte- ligustieifolia." N. West. United States. 
beek, Belgium *& 1 ba f 

= e D onrians. (Sand. Cat. 
Cattleya Triang atrata. (J.O.1896, |- 6.) hidee, G. Described 
40.) _A form CN large flowers ; sepals i š * "free Sper and distinet species, 
rose, the rounded the flowers being coloured aan 
Enpre ihi inai (E Horticualtur "orange, and white, and born long 
Internationale, Brussels.) Miele ee Habitat not ata: (F. 
*Celmisia a Munroi, om t : (B. M. rg mati 
t. 7496.) mposite. ole plant celo ana, Kranzl. 
except the upper surface of the leaves e EE Is s Ie rhachis species allied 
and florets, clothed with a snow-white . carnea, vé differing in having 
T hile 2 short, more ean leaf to a bulb, in the form 
cro with a thick mass of erec of the lip and in. the inflo- 
recurved linear-lanceolate leaves. Seapes rescence. New Guinea. (Berlin, B. G.) 
erect, one-flowered. Head one to two 
and a half inches across, disc-florets AA Lind. & Co : 
golden yellow, ray-florets white. New e MT. 532, Sepals e 
Zealand. (J. Veitch & Sons.) -— a "eather greenish-yellow “tinge 
with lip - 3- 

Chamedorea gratissima, L. Lind. purplish. or Min mof fel Conf 
(Lind. Cat. 1896, 13.) Palm 8. ticulture Tote oe nM Brusse 
Deseribed as an elegant : Mm Aud bud 
habit with large e leaves resemb ing those elo e virgin alis, Le Lind,— (G. 
of C. Versehaffelti. Habitat an given. C ey See) s. x provisional 
(L'Hortieulture Internationale, Brus- name Pais n imported plant described as 
els.) having "em white Hower in ase way w 

` C. cristata, and deliciously fragran 

*Chirita hamosa, C. D. Clarke. (it. Habitat not recorde e Ho yi. Hees 
H. 1896, 184, t.)  Gesneracem. 5. Internationale, Brussels.) 


w duncle 

ate to the leaf-stalk. Flowers lilac *Coffea „stenophylla, G: Don. (B. M. 

m showy. , India. (J. Sallier, Paris.) 75.) acer, S. * An inte- 

: seth plant; one of the two vA 

-— Zw x: talum graveolens; Bailey. West African species which, in point of 
1 


896, 308.)  Orchideze A commercial valne, may a a for- 
ere flowered species with leaves 12 in. ——— rival of the Arabian.” Sierra , 
bye 5 ee scapes 6 in. high, raceme 7 in. Leone. (Kew.) é 
, composed of about 13 strongly- ce Ichi b dli: , 
à à lito owe ellowish-green speckled | * - = icum byzantin P 
x red, lip — h-bro epe béigiag to (Gfl. 1896, Magen X diaecas nf 


with 
deep purple. New indic: "Brisbane | re Tan dsome variety with flowers as 


49 


large as those of C. speciosum. Asia » 
. (Kew.) 


Minor 


Colchicum fascicularis, L. (Gard. 
1896, xlix., 89.) H. The foliage and 


ers of this species appear together, 

the latter being crocus-like in M and 

pink and white in colour. Gree CT. 
y) 


Smith, Newr 
Coleus o icatus Rondinella. (G/. 
1896, 3 62.) fiabiate. G. E 


bushy pes dioe plant about 8 
me dee fleshy Jeaves and racemes ‘of 


é flowers. Abyssinia. — 
^s "Cois Naple 8.) 
Nise Meet ege Bh D. G 
49.) Le ose. species 


or Asia Minor. (L. Späth, Berlin.) 
CUM. a) E japonica, s. done 
small unde with eem ; branches, 
ovate lanceolate "deck green leaves and 
ur erect terminal spikes of small yellow 
flowers wi long exserted stamens. 
Japan. (Arnold Arboretum.) 


*Coriaria de rerit A. Gray. (B. M. 
7509 oriariez. e most 
interesting feature of this Coriaria is the 

: and 


sae being black or 

Japan. (Arnold Arboret 

Cornus T Rosenthali. r D. G. 
1897.) A form with vari 

—_ gation similar té: C. Spaethii. CH. 

Albern, Viériss: ) 

paces A he ae ee s cim (GA 

QU 189 H. A Himalayan species 

nearly allied to C. macrophylla, Wall. 


*Coronilla ^ cappadocica, 
Gard. 1896, L., 117. e 


ees 
m.) 


Flowers E: My in numero 
cemes. ia Min (E. Whi ttall, 


ce 


tering in the narrow, 
pyramid-formed, red not yellow es: 
Sierra Nevada. (Ernest rar 
Erfurt.) 


Crassula aloides, N. Br. (K. B. 
- 161.) Crassulac S. A new 
ies with the appearance sean be an Aloe. 
leaves a green, omen a foot or 
long, 2 in. wide at th 
flower-scape is 3-4 ft. high (scam ‘ 


ory 18 in. across of small pale 
yellow flowers. Transvaal. (Kew.) 


the same pa (H. Lesemann, 
a.) 


Vienn 


Cucurbita So toe aes wi (R. H. 


7.) Cucur- 
biti 


white and Do 
Uruguay. (Ed. Las, France.) 


se ome coe ee compacti, i 
H. 1896, 8, f. 1.) Coni- 
A form differing from 
in iii “em, compact, pyra- 
(M. Allard, Angers.) 


Es P 
the type 
midal habit. 


Cymbidium Lowio - eburneum 
E 6G. 1806; xit; 337. Orchidee. 
hybrid between the onem 
The 


n the nam e 
ross (eburneo-lowianum m) as en 
bs Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons in 1889. 


ium Argo-Stonei. (G. C. 
pA xx., 554.) Orchidem. A garden 
hyb rid between the two ses indicated 
by the name. (N. C. 


Cypripedium Chapmani. (G. C.! 

yw Vos bere emer hybrid beeen 
C. atis ia C. bellatulum. (N. C 
Cook 

Cypripedium concolor var. longi- 
spre , Rolfe. (O. R.1896, 54.) A 
variety with petals 2} in. long. (R. B. 


White 

Cypripeds win goultenianum. (Sand. 
1896, 23.) <A garden oe 

between C. en and C. callosum 

CF. Sander ) 


C ripe e n Wall. (L. 1896, 
XP The eM varieties are, 
figu a in san san par : 


moortebeek 
dem lici n, €. po canet nä- 
n. (L’ Hort atiko: ' Iñternationalè, 
Dros 8. 
Luciani. 
o 505; insiene 1896, 11, t. s 
rm with yellow lip 'and m 3 
upper sepals broadly margined 
white. nas areca DN os 
Brussel AJ 


Cre Ee ind Menos ianum var. 
eu s e I) 


ch gree 
Go Hovietiinre iter: 
nationale, Brussels. ) 


ipedium Lawrenceo Regnieri. 
CZ. t. 504.) A garden hybrid between 
the two €: indieated by the name 
s) 


(M. Bleu, Pari 
Ec palatinum. (W. G. 
105.) A garden hybrid between 


. spicerianum and C. harrisianum. 


Cypripedium Regins.  (G. C. 1896, 
v D) A garden hybrid between 
C leeanum and C. fatricanum. (J. 
Veitch & Sons.) 


ripedium regnaldianum. (Sand 
A tes 96, 24 ^ aa garden hybrid 
een C. insigne est: C. callosu 
E. ani & Co.) 


ore ium rothwellianum. (G. C. 
189 i 310.) A garden A 
C. Stonei and C. Argu 
(s Sander & Co.) 


Cypripedium Sanders, Sander. (G. 
and F. 1896, 144. A A provisional —— 
for an importe descri as 

havi E doo sepa 
mson, yellow gree 

broad "petals coloured yae and red 

and a long narrow. yellow pouch. 

Habitat not stated. (F. Sander & Co.) 


n, 
> 


kie vis schofieldianum. (G. M. 

us 283 = A garden hybrid between 

bellatulum. and C. hirsutissimum. 
G. W. Schofield.) 

Cypripedium Symond (O. R. 
Roe 16.) A Enden d eid probably 
between & ep a C. purpura- 
tum. (H. J. Ross, Florence.) 

Cypripedium, os Truffautii 

G.: C 6, Xk Leaves 


04. 
broader ind. sever arger than in the 
type. (M. A. Truffaut, Versailles.) 


eer rave a cert er a gees 


Cat. 1896, 57.) 
egi an sdditonal um for the 
type. uth Africa. (F. Sander & 


but smaller, with 
and petals "and the 
brown blotches and a Ded anterior. 
Brazil. (F. Sander & Co.) 


g atem 


nt labres 
Bx. £D. G. 1895. 35) paeem H. 
small bush with bright T det fiowers 


50 


produced in May.. Mountains of Upper 
Italy. CL. Späth, Berlin.) 


Davallia truffautiana, (G. M.1 
f) Filices, * A particu tary 
rat and distinct species with large 
ng ionda a EARN of wbich 
under surfac like the 
ed 5s (L'Horticülture Talea, 
Brussels.) 


at 6 eae E hae Gand. X. 
321 8.) 


and shorty atalked heads 
the of a pea, of a right red colour, 
East pm (Paris B. G.) 


ri um tatsiensis, Franch. (W. 
27.) Ranunculacee. H. 
species about 2 ft. in height with cobalt- 
lue flowers. Kii (Vilmorin, An- 
drieux, & Co., Paris.) 


pem me a Reichb. d 
(Ge C. 1896, xx; 7, f. Orchid 
G d rf 8 


Dendro bitin chore (G: €. 
1896, eta Bt! À Allied ww D. 
mäerop ; flowers greenish with a 
few purple aire on the lip. Australia. 
GE Low & Co .) 


rn Curtisii. (Sand. Cat. 
. A garden sine 
aureum and D. Cas. 


berws een D. 
CF. Sander & Co.) 

Dendrobium pleas ae C. 
1896, xix., "t€ Allied to 
used; ; 8 linear-lanceolate, 6 
in. long; 5 capes 9 in. erect, many 
flow ; flowers 2 in. across ; sepals 
and p arrow ereamy-white ; lip 
small white with purple markings. 


Java. (Sir Trevor Lawrence. 

M ROLES holmegisnan, 
1 al xix,401. G. A gar T: iria 
betw ipe Mens and D, schnei 
deviating (F. Hardy.) 


Dendrobium jennyanum E ua 
(G. C. 1896, xx., 329.) Q. A ne 
species allied t o D. undulatum om 
which it differs i br the size of the plant 


an LJ 
segments and a broad oer: lip. 
he eves, is yellowish o 

nside. varnished. " a: 
e Jor. Zurich.) 


penu : fine garden 
comm foxglove, D. pure red. 


51 


"Dendrobium quadrilobum, sche 
fee: B. 1896, 44.) s new spec 

oe dfesilns 
pse 


inch across, coloured whitish-green. 
? New Guinea. (Kew.) 


v Fg thyrsiflorum  Lowii. 

1896, xix., 593.) Flowers 

S reet Lan lip narrow, dum shfped 

and streaked with yellow (Baron 
Schroéder.) 


Dendrobium „Wiganiæ. ear C. 1896, 

» 337, A garden 

hybrid Ls Srna P signatum and D. 
nobile. (Sir F. Wigan 


ET A mala ayan, Hook. f. 
xs 6, XX; . 94; B. 
t ey : ain acee. S 


-6 in. high, each bearing two to four 
vds which are dua d like thos E 
Streptocarpus Rexi P sut 
primrose yellow oloi: Pii d. 
Veitch & Sons.) 
Digitalis pes (G. am 
163.) Scrophalarinee. H.. Thi 
race of 
Wit 
morin, S Ad & Co. 
Dioscorea | Fargesii, Franchet. (R, H. 
o 40.) A 
nonis with 
botanieal characters approach 
ose of JD. pentaphylla. Western 
China. (M. Maurice de Vilmorin 


«A as ce € (G. C. 
52.) Apo cem. S. 4j 


n ee 


o flowers 3 in. long 
and wide, rose-co oloured. Brazil. (F. 
Sander & Co.) 


Disa D ulchra, ML Cu. c. 1896, 


B. Africa. 
n. W. Rothschild 


*Dischidia hirsuta, (G. C. 
1896, xx., 2) Njae: S. A 
r climber with orbicular fleshy 

eed x in. and axill 
cl small red tubular flowers. 
India, ac Eom (Kew.) 


U 90558. 


Dracena Me ee Sander. (G. C. 


1896, xx., 666, 15.) - Liliacece. 
Leave in E 

margined and striped with white; stem 
short in diameter. 


1 
“South Sea Islands.” (F. Sander & 
i Od 


pras Rigoutsi. au. 1896, 
4 50.) A sg seedling 
d from Cor dyline australis. 
Pann Belgium.) 


UE systyla, Tor. (M.D. G. 
ydrophyllaces. H.-H.- 


1896, 20.) 
dwarf sub- shrub with long- ee gs 
orale hairy leaves and es of brigh 
let ie Pw, California. 
(Darmstadt B. G.) 
Echeveria ^ Purpusi, pii cg 
(Gfl. 1896, vo Ps 7 6G C. 
EX. DUM & $-) See Cisne 
Purpusii. 
HORARUM ner var. Mebbesii, 
CN. 1896, 406, f.) 


G: ering from 
the type in its fenteolosred flowers. 


Echinocereus phæniceus var. in- 
i K. Schum. (M. K. 1896, 


the in having spines. 
Colorado. (L.  Spaetb, Rixdorf- 
Berlin.) 
Epidendrum atrorubens, Rolfe. 
(K. B. 1896, 46.) . Orchideæ.- G. 
new species allied to E. plicatum. 
ee Se P Lr 8 in. long g panice 
se, flow an inch across, Ted- 
pt rple. 


Me 0. 
ternationale, Trasee 
ser riam elegantulum: 
131€4-9601; ^X. Oye a wee 
cross between E. Endresio-Wallisii 
and E. Wallisii. d. xi & Sons.) 


Epidendrum xipheroides, clase 
(G. C. 1896, xxi, 63.) new 
species with large re Frei a 
bulbs, each bea 257 y two leaves which 
are Tear, thick, 8 in. ong, j in. wide; 
raceme slender, few flowered ; ‘Sepals 
and petals D m 
enc with a 


azi. (F. Sander & Co.) 


(L 'ortieultare ine 
s.) 


*Eria biflora, Griff. ji. R. 1896, 400 

rchidee. G. Plan in. high 
two-flowered racemes ar whitish- tryellow 
flowers. India. (H.J. Elwes 


a MN, Bolle (K. B. 1896, 
A 


speci ft 
habi ithon . Dsendbbulbs ; leaves 
long, fl very small, white, 
jou and gaie. Hainan. (Kew.) 
AS 


52 


tS (Gard, 1898 var. mollis, A. = giv (oA Interna- 
1896, xlix., 81.) Com- ionale, Sense ls.) 


osi H. Apu ubescent. variety with 
p rose-coloured flowers. Colorado. . Geaphila picta, Rolfe. Xn B. 1896, 
18.) Rubiacee. S. 


mall en 
— A trate plant with ia o wong lea 
Eg orig te, Cun 2r p s DE 
hybrid between E. aurantiacus a mall, white in derit cma 
Villarsi. (Haage & Schmidt, hut) British Guiana. (F. Sander & Co.) 
Er cow PR CUM tee ax HEN. a Se ey ge Bip. Sango 
24, t ar xix mposi 
Leguminose. G. The solitary tree This ' species bears white ee 
which has been named as above exists 1} inches in width, on scapes 1 ft. 
in aa garden of M. A. Constant, Golfe height. Leaves, inverted, feirceolate 
Juan, Alpes Maritimes. It is about with long stalks. S. Africa. (Cam- 
oo. "high with atrunk 4 ft. in diameter bridge B. G.) 
atthebase. Bra nches and Em n er ‘ 
with persistent 2 nes. Rac of *Geum rcrum ue (J. 4 T reget 
ves row i iti ie of tary to- ae "vari Hey dt of. E wokloadt ih | 
e extremities of the branches. : 
The spacial is a near ally of E. caffra. deep orange red flowers. Greece. 
Origin unknown. eee: WEN Car. rosea, it 
"Erythronium Johnsoni To. - 508 
C. 1896, xix. 548, 83.) form w s and petals bright rose- 


Tee „yello Unite 


SS H. A disti — species, - purple E mall p n eai i 
<a (Hors culture Interna- 
ls.) 


h 
the outside and a zone of A pink st ü ia B 
the base. Southern Oregon. (Wallace set eles 


Gongora began noue s a: (G. C. 


"Eucharis elmetana, (Sand. Cat. | quoi to G. portentosa. Pusudobulbs 
gar- . 
den hybrid between E. Sanderi and E. vnm tn - ; longs d cont “semi! 
grandiflora. (H. Kitson.) | flowers Tuoi bi - coloured 
Eulophiella peetersiana. (G.and F. Ver uade amené ? 
i a pect bei as haul, | Gutierrezia Euthamiæ, Torr. & Gra 
pecies, escribed as having 1896, 26.) Com osites H. 
large rose-coloured flowers g | : 
temen spikes. The rhizomes are thin A suffruticose plant with — » 


iem ras T yellowish-white; the | 
.in diameter at the base. | sem 
m i e me á Be > (F. Sander & Co.) | United States. (L. Späth, Berlin. ens 


Habenaria a west Hook.f. (B 
*Fraxinus anomala, Torrey. (M. D. | t. 7478. tidem. G. This fat 


£1896, 26.) Oleacee. H. A small | 

pz with leaves most reduced to a | f mcm vary AE H. T rer 

—— — —— | hairy mim with much m am division, 

Rennen | long lobes of the lip, and spur-like 
"T ‘ | Nilghiri > 
Fritillaria Bornmülleri, Hausskn. | Gee Seay ilghiri Hills 

(Gard. 1896, xlix., 282.) ——— eie 

As species allied to T. aurea, and like | Baker. 
„~ that species, with golden-yellow flowers. | Haworthia Ses. zn hio phy, om 

(Barr & Son.) 


"Fritillana „nobilis, — (B. M. 
00.) [Ab correct name 
: “plant ph W New Garden 


| Giton A mH setata by its RUP 
| 
| 
| 
1895 under the name of | Helleborus caucasicus 
s.] 
| 


thinner onvali; and from H. arachnoidea 
by the leaves not being at all pellucid 
orlineate. Cape Colony. (Kew.) 


of nigri 
F. yis yana affinis cans. (Gn. 1896, — Ranimculaton 


Seonoma siesmayeriana, L. Lind 
i d. Cat. 1896, 17.) Palme. S. 
DBoicribel s as a species of ai “ae 

with glaucous green leaves which a 
e with 


rm differi 
its large "blidst-Blhe fovet ed 
Froebel, Zurich.) 


1896, 334, f. 32.) x am 


Heuchera sanguinea alba. "ux 
tin red when oni Habitat H. AD 


form differing from the type in having 
pure white flowers. (Haage & Schmidt, 
Erfurt.) 


cach E ye and F. 1896, 
24.) Malvaceæ. G. A garden hybrid 
chi- 


betw een H. 
zopetalus. 


p eieh a, s and H. s 
K 


(Kew 


Hippeastrum muesserianum, 
ind. (Jil. H. 1896, 376, t. 135 


Amaryllideze 


nts narrow, 


egmen 
salmon-colour tinted s= rose appar- 


ently near 


Brusse 


ly allie 


ied H. aulicu 
Brazil. CHtorientare füxe/kattomite; 
ls. 


rentum jamaicense; Rolfe. 
O. R. 1896, 204.) Orchideæ S.-A 


s al ied to Tetramicra, re- 
edi 


461. Janata. 


— cle K. Sehum. (M. 


f.) Asclepiadee. 8. 


s 
red inside, emerald green outside. New 
Gui 


Idria columnaria SSE meet i N. 
1896, i., 113.) Tamaris 
uri 


A 


fornia. (Paris B. G.) 
*Iris albopurpurea, Baker. 


t. 7511.) 


(B. M. 
Iridec. H. The ariel 


ly of this species is 7. hexagon 


purple. 


a 
uthern United States. 


hich it differs ving 
segments erect inita ad of horizontally 
reading. Flow ith 


wers white, spotted wi 


Hausskn. (Gard. 1896, 
belongi 


65.) . A species 
Oncocyclus group, bearing white 
a e 


(Max Leichtlin, Baden Baden. ) 


Iris Lo 


Lortetii alba. (W. 1896, 
187.) H-H: A form tiring from 
owers, 


the type in its pure whi 
ae. s.) 


Dees mann 


& Co., Naples 


53 


Isoloma EXC S. Wats. (G. 
A. oh ae 496.) "Gesneracec. G. 
Ste mbent, pu n) DN 


Epeng taeae 1-3 in. ong ; 
in umbels, corolla an inch long, eet 
Mexico. (Harvar rd B.G.) 


Juniperus M Ue reptans, (M. 
GZ 1896, Ph 6. 


96, 
E Conifer $3 prostrato e me 


of value for taokete, wes re en 


Juniperus virginiana  turicensis. 
(Gl. 1896, 162.) H. A form of com- 
pact, pyramidal 1 habit, and with bluish 
gray leaves. (Otto Froebel, Zurich.) 


"Kendriekia, Walkeri Thw. (G.C. 
1896, xx., 394.) Melastom omaceæ. S. 
Described as one Bt the most beautiful 
of Ceylon plants. It is a climber with 
creeping ivy-like stems, ovate fleshy 
grey-green leaves and terminal umbels 
in large bright red flowers. Ceylon. 
(Kew.) 


Lelia anceps protherodsns, (G. C. 
rchides. G. Sepa di 
and. peta p h e» M base, the rest 
bright rose-purple; lip yellow with 
purple lines an = a crimson-purple front 
- (J. Broome.) 


Laelia, autumnalis Fournieri 
ré. (R. H. 1896, 547, D D» 
jor red dark coloured vari ty.” OMS 
Faurnict, Marseilles.) 


Laelia pumila delicata. (G. C. 1 
, A71. variety with nearly vas 
White flowers. (F. Sander & Co.) 


Laelia purpurata ashworthiana. 
(G. C. 1896, xx., 39, f. 10.) -A varie 
with broad petals coloured ote rose 

and striped with white. (E. Ashworth.) 


Laelia ME ae rpurata Lewisii (G. C. 
1896, Xix., 655.) Flowers wholly white, 
a few es of lilac-pink on 


the lip. (W. L. Lewis & Co. 


Laelia pu urata, vars. (Lind. Cat. 
MM 7-52.) A. number of varieties 
re here described under such names 
peine formosa, lobata, &c. (Horti. 
culture Internationale, Brussels.) 


Laelio-cattleya puris slainia. (O. R 
1896, 39.) Orchide G. gar 
hybrid between Lindi harpophylla amt 
orem n Prinzii, (A. Van Imschoot, 
t.) 


Laelio cattloya Er rye der ur (G. 
7. 1896, xix. A garden 
hybrid between peed ina and 
Te p lawrenciana. (J. Chamber- 


. Laelio - cattleya opem: — 
(G: C. 1896, Xx., A gard 
hybrid between de pedis indicated i in 
the name. (M. Fournier, Marseilles.) 


— a a PNE na. CL. 1896, 
G. rà A gard E prd. (L’ Horti- 
octal A A Tersin s.) 
— — Rolfe.( K. B. e 
Orchi G. A new spec 
sal i in all "" Thes; the leaves delante 
the flowers pale green. Brazil. 
dis Sander & Co.) 
Larix — var. ee Gates Maxim. 


CM. D. G. 1896, 2 Conifere. H. 
A Lare 


fro with 
luish- tiem leaves. (L: kurilensis, 
C may be the same as this.) [L. 
Späth, Berlin 
Merci insularis. hy x x pd 
Ac 


ewe oT 


ulosum, Nutt. (M. vé 
Eri 
L. Saltaire 


) 
L. latifolium and 
in its larger ovate leaves; which are not 
abe but dotted underneath with im- 


essed glands. Sierra Nevada. (Kew.) 
Ee Born. uechtritzianum, 
Bornm. (Gard. 1896, L., 238.) 


rostrate wi ely- 
spreading herbaceous plant with white 
foerit: Bulgaria. (Kew.) 


Libocedrus decurrens auroo-y varie 
gata. CM. D. G. 53.) Con 

"s Mem I golden varie- 

gated Reu & Co., 

Derien German x1 

xs var E" = T.O ros 

t. p» Lilia arlet 
vs S with d m leave 

a Ne arly “allied to or perhaps identical 
with . China. (Florence 
B Gy 


WR Baronr ds. sAr O. 
.) H. A scarlet- 

ily with linear leaves nearly 
5 ina 


Clones 


Lilium szechnense, Hort. (G. C. 1 
xix. 372.) A species ae large bright 


ed flowers allied to L. Mazximow 
Pn i sutchuenense ETE is Socect 
name of shia plant J 


J 


54 


*Linospadix Micholitzii 
(Sand. Cat. 1896, 50. Palm 
Described in the TI s CEPR ide 

ii 2, by Mr. Ridley, of 


eos 


we roadening upwards, ending in a 
of TORE ciate points.” New Guinea. 
(r. ; Barder & Co 5 


Lonicera hirsuta x Sullivantii. (G. 
and F. 1896, 845, f. 46.) Te aii 


m ah 


H, A garden hybrid. (Arnold Ar. 
boretum.) 
"Lowia longiflora, Scort. = = _ 1896, 

x4 652, f. 111.) Scitamine 

dte ess pant with ved [eaves 3 - 

long, and one flowered scapes a. foo 
ng. Fl in. across. bipodi 
of three  Enear-laneéolate spreading 

olive-coloured sepals and aller 


linear purplish petals tufted at the apex, 
the third petal being eee lanciato, 

like, and pure white. erak. (W. 
) 


Maclura aurantiaca inermis. 
Ed. IS. CLE. P. 1896, “835 f. 102 
Urtica: form wit 
leaves Thad the type, and with qui 
Cdi branches. (M. Guy, Béré, 
France.) 


*Macrotomia cephalotes, A. DC. 
Gf. 1 d 173.)  Boraginee. H. A 
handsome perennial with silvery leaves 
and -— golden yellow flowers. Asia 
Min (Kew.) 


MENTIS „heeseana, McDowell. (M. 
Cac G 


K. 1896 25.) his has 
the Nic pi of. y species of 
yet discovered. Plant de- 


se, 
Soft white 
weak euh sued s when old. Flowers 
Texie 


carmine-red. 


Maranta c se M C. 
529.) Scitami S. 
3 ft. high with pm long p 
tot gez leaf-blades. 
kno (J. Veitch & Sons 


Masdevallia Curlei. od ot 1896, xix., 
40.) Orchidee. A gard n hybrid be- 
tween JM. macrura and M. tovarensis. 


(A. Curle.) 


1896, fes 5 
de: 


Fiowe es 
5.) 


*Massonia ^ jasminiflora, Baker. 
7465.) T4lasen.. ”G. This 


CB. M. t 
plant. er — x at the beginning 
celebrated 


of tury the 
p Borchel ut up till now it has 
only been known from a single apee 


or 


dried from his garden at Fulham in 
1818, taner preserved in the Kew Her- 
barium. Leaves two to a bulb, La ee 
on a surface of the gro und. Um 
of white green tipped A lowers sessile in in 
the centre of the two leaves. Orang 
Free State. (Kew.) 


Maxillaria 


p grandiflora, 
recs E COCOS Or- 


18 ee XX; Aore 
hideæ. G. A variety larger 
vore than the type, ‘white wath purple 
lines. (F. Sander & Co.) 


MN (ate o LAU Fisch. & 
CGJ. 1896, 173.) Campanulaceg. 
nd 


ia a 
t and bearing large 


numbers of white Mar Lily-like 
flowers. Radical er oágenalics ed. 
Asia Minor. (Kew.) 

Miltonia bleuiana aurea. (G. C. 


1896, xix., 337.) Orchidee. G. ‘Dif- 


fers from other forms of this hybrid in 
having clear a ellow markings at the 
b of lip. - (A: ^A. Peeters, 


Brussels.) 


Morus alba aurea. sad D. G. 1896, 
2.) Urticacee. H. A form with golden 
yellow jefe and “Pe (T. Rothe, 
Odessa.) 


Morus nigra globosa. (M. D. G. 
1896,2.) H. A form of perfectly hemi- 
spherical habit. (T. Rothe, Odessa.) 


Narcissus p anaras x albicans. 

r3 1896, xxxix., 164. f.) Amaryl- 

Ho A mei hybrid. (G. H. 
agebett ) 

"rs rr, 23 MÀ 


"y 


ei, Blume. 
Nepenthace 


een i- oMámsedlate pa 
crimson pitche a 2 in. lon 
specimens have leans 12 in. long and 
pitchers 8 in. Seychelles. (Kew.) 
est cristatum, Rolfe. 
B. 1896, 194.) Orchidee. S. A 


new. s 8, cordifolium ; 
TUE 1 vate, bs T "m scape 
10 in. long, few-flowe ; flowers 3 in 
wide, peer v tí parie Tod. "ip white 
in front. Hong Kong. (Kew ) 
Nympheza andreana. (Gard. 1896, L., 
325.) ympheacee. garden 
brid or seedling sport. Leaves 8 in 
across, slightly spotted with one 
Flowers shaped, 5 in 


wide, 
red. (Latour-Marliac, riab Tet, 
France.) 


Nymp 


hea stellata gastoniensis 
(G.and F. 1896, 474, 


[580 - Bea A 


5 


5 


seedling variety with numerous Lroad 
deep blue petals. (O. Ames, Mass.) 


Oberonia Myosurus, Lind. (O. R. 
1896, 3.) Or vie G. A small 
species with terete, fleshy leaves écvered 

with minute sina Spike cy MAE 

all 


| flowers buff-coloured. 
| (H. Low & Co.) 
Odontoglossum andersonianum 
a Nó R. 1896, 106:) Or- 


variety with narrow 
edv and ori root bright ER 
ete with red-brown. (ff. 
Co.) 


Kit- 
1896, xix., 


0d MEAE a enirn ec 


ed 
white, tinged with eet riae spotted 
with red-brown. (J. H. Kitson.) 


Odontoglossum concinnum. (G. C. 
1896, xix., 467.) A su natural 
hybrid with Egen gmt flowers blotched 

and s with brown. si Horticul- 
ture anai. Baw 


yee m crispum ashworthi- 

(G. t 1896, xix., 196, f. 26 ; 

Da c 52 -) "lowers of the largest 

size covered e y a a of. rose and 
rose-purple." (E. Ashw 


MC. 600, t PE 

È: R. 1896, n Ino 
large vinous red 
meaa * Dallomague & Co., Ram- 
bouillet, France 


Odont oglossum ¢ crispum Mercer (L. 
1896, t. 118. wes with a large 
bloo 


d-red blo the sepals and 
ameet (L' rarius Juterte, 
Brussels.) 


Odontoglossum ie ier itr atum. 
(L. 1896, t. 521. A form with 


-— 


with vinous purple. — (L'Hortieulture 
Titesasdittnde; Brussels.) 


ete crispum Meleagris. 

520.) G. A fine form 

vis p TM um -lilac sepals and 

peta a7 white towards the 

cie large, re hite, orange yellow 

in centre, Pith irregular red spots. (D 
ieulture Internationale, Brussels.) 


Odontoglossum rU T 


sul- 
fureum, Rolfe. R. 1896, po G. 


A variety with the flowers of an uni- 
form sulphur-yellow colour. (R. B. 
White.) 


Odontoglossum crispum venustum. 


(G. C. 1896, xix., nd * The best rich 
crimson-purple tched aan 
sum yet ne flo owers an 


(1 Horticultare DNE 
Brussels s.) 


Odontoglossum excellens luteolum. 
(O. R. 1896, 248.) G.: <A variety with 
edipi -yellow flowers without the 

blotches of the type. (Baron 
pataki aies 


Odontoglos mm Halli x 
(G. C > 1896, 67.) G. A garden 
hybrid between i die two tee indicated 
by the name. (N. C. Cookson 


crispum. 


oeil ellianum 
orum .1896,t.545.) A 
orm with larger yere and a more 
brightly-coloured lip than the type. iT 
Linden & Co., Moortebeek, Belgium 


Odontoglossum 
andid 


luteo-purpureum 
ashworthianum, O'Brien. (G. C. 
1896, xx.,. 68.) . Flowers 5. in. 
across, Re ure broad, reddish Unus, 
with tips, broad creamy 
with red-brown Eas lip 

eS with a purple crest. 
Colombia. y: Ashworth.) 


dem a E o Hom var. Pauwelsis, 
4) s 
Sepals and 


Odontoglossum 


Zi Rest du Dae 
light brown. (M. FI. Pauwels, Deurn 


Odontoglossum n SEHE (L. 
1896, t. 517.) ural "hybrid 
near O. welche ca ers cs 

with large choc - bro 

(L'Hortieulture lan. 

ale, Brussels. 


Odon Wars 1806, 325 G. C. 

HS angy e RE 1896, t. 523.) A 

supposed n hybrid res i 
O. on a ; 
with chestnut-brown. 
Sebdenatiobate, Brussels. 


Odontoglossum Pa gripe UE 
Lind. (L. 1896, $402 sup- 
posed Ro hybrid oe O. 

Pescator: and triumphans. 

(L7 Hortienltare Internationale, Brus- 
Is.) 


(1/ Horticulture 
s.) 


ntoglossum varico 
eee ce COL 1896, tir, TA G 
Flowers Sak larger than in pie pe 
(Sir F. Wigan.) 
ontoglossum  wilckeanum  elon- 
Odontogl (J. O. 1896, 40.) G A 


variety of this natural hybrid with 


(L’ Horticulture 
Internationale, Brussels.) 


9 er wilckeanum olivare. 

0.) A new i 

this UN ae with. large o 

greenish flowers. ee In- 
akanai; Brussels.) 


——— — rufum. 
9.) A form of this 
ith "ei brown blotches. 


und bybr vid wi 
Brus- 


tl culture Internationale, 
sels.) 


th nx concinna, Hook. f. 
469.) Graminez. S. A dwarf 
e perennial 
almost imbricatiug, distichous leaves an 
inch long. Costa Riea. (Kew.) 


EM godseffianum, ^ Krünzl. 
oe OF 1896, xix., 754.) 


t 3 
in. long, cylindrical, 
each bearing a pair of linear-lanceolate 
leaves; | flower-scape long, slgades, 
branching. Hab. —? (F. Sander & 
Co.) 


Opuntia rhodantha, K. Schumann. 
CM. D. G., 1896, 29.) Cacteæ. H. 
fti has a "red corolla and filaments 

and smooth ovary. Colorado. (L. 
Spiith, Berlin.) 


Opanus Pg ina J. W. a est 
(G. and F. 1896, i t G. An 


Flowers greenish- 
s, bright BEA. Arizona. pesi 
es Univ rsity.) 

K. Schuman 


untia xanthostema 
ae d This ieties 


(M. D. G. 1896, 29.) 


s carmi e wers, dark yellow 
filaments and a prickly ovary. Col 
(L. Späth, Berlin.) 
*Ornit hogatum Tovolntuii, MAT 
(G.and F. 323.) Liliace G. 


An ally of o. diode, having toy 


ach 
glistening white with : an is bloteh 
rown.. S. Afri (Kew w.) 


M udi, Cornu. T H.F. 
1896, 466.) Comme 


*Palisota Macla x 
near ally of P. "wr im a but 


57 


differing in its much longer Meise 
rather long stalked leaves, by the h 
ks being black 
and not brown, by its more woody stem, 
&c. .Upper Guinea. (Paris B. G.) 


— (€ galbana, M. T. Mas 
1896, xx., 555, f. 97.) Passi. 
io S. "An ew species with entire 
aa leaves e in. C: ms o 

endi sr ers 
(R. Cre 

Mi Vl aet secundiflorus, Benth. 
(Gard. 1896, v 478.)  Serophu- 
H. tty species with blue 
en Poet»; which "s nyse i ed with bronze 
on the upper surface. Colorado. (Kew.) 


*Pentstemon em A. Gray. (GA. 
1896,77.) H. warf 


act speci un 
Em of blackish-blue flowers. 
rado. (Herb & Wulle, Naples.) 


Perezia sonchifolia, Baker 
1896, 134, ki Compositze. 


ty annual with Ree ad po 
Lm white flower-heads miniature 
Camellias. Uruguay. pr^ André, 
France.) 
Phaius M nm ers C. 1896, 
34.) rchide A ga arden 
hybrid between P. Mano and P. macu- 
(E. Sander 


R. H. 
A 


(B. M. 


*Phaleria ambi Hook. f. 
Thymetal A climb- 


t. 7471.) is aces. S. 
wi 


scented Daphne-like flowers. 
) 


(Kew 


Philodendron robustum, UL. 
(Lind, Cat., $ 


D 
vigour d sy emerald green le 
itat ven. CL’ Horticulture 

em MR Drossela 8.) 
*Physurus chinensis, Rolfe. (K. B. 
1896, 200.) Orchidew. A ne 
with  eaespitose 
aoad n leaves 4 —— es and ~ 
Mir g nume small flow 
Runa (Kew 


Pittosporum  eriocarpum, Royle. 
(B. M.t. 7473.)  Pittosporee. . G. 
small tree with vae 
and terminal a les of bie nc 

yellow flow ya. 
UT. ua, a ibe ptm 


Platycerium Neitchii. hi C. 1896, 
rx. 652.) Filices scribed as 

^ distinct species sof vum mus growth, 

frond being of unusual leathery 


substance and dark green in colour." 
(J. Veiteh & Sons.) 


Ple — — L. Lin (Lind 
Palm i 


given. Horticulture en 


Brussels. 
Poo Rid villosa, Cogn. (J. O.1 
9.) Orchidee. S. Acuri 
ished with er 
epathalate ay leaves aos deep Ville 
purplish hai bearin 
oeio fleshy. old gol-coloure flowers 
m r les g red. Mada- 
ines ar. " Mane. Adde, Pauillac, France.) 
Potentilla dahurica x 
M. D. G. 1896,49.) Rosacem. H. 
A hybrid between the two species namedee 
Garden origin. 


fruticosa. 


Potentilla micrandra, Koehne. (M. 
I. G. 1890; 48) HE A low bush 
about half as abe ng as P. fruti- 
cosa with pinnate leaves and dark yellow 
flowers. Sees 


Potentilla an there Fischer. (M. 
D. G.1896, 26.) H. dwarf much- 
branched shrub with Sew finta 


produced in July and August. Siberia. 

(L. Spiith, abet roe T ei 

Primula  floribunda  grandiflora. 
E DN 113, = 9 Primulacee. 

type in having 


rs fro 
“teh nd Somit. pc e & Sehmidt, 
Erfurt.) ‘ 


Prunus curdica, Fritsch. (M. D. G. 
1896, 6,26.) Rosacee. H. 


In eee 
between P, spinosa and P. insititia y 
Asia Minor. E Späth, Berlin. y 


t 
Japan. (Arnold Arboretum.) 


Ado A (G. C. 1896, xx., 470.) 
G.- * Fro nds compound, ne 
i Sübéfrided, t the t 
erg d emp OH i not diated. 
(T. Childs.) 
box Drinkwateri. 
G. Probably a seedling va 
a P umbrosa, with fronds 2 ft. hish and 
pinne # in. wide, dark green. (Messrs 
troud Bros.) 


(G. C. 1896, xix., 


S 


^ 
*Pterisanthes poli G.C. 
xx., 182.) s polita, Mig. (G, ciue: 


with the habit of a Cissus, cordate leaves 


the surface. Malaya. (Kew 


Malus var. aurea, Späth. (G. 
se 169, t. 1425.) Rosacee. H. A 
with leaves blotched with bright 

aniden yellow. (L. Späth, Berlin.) 


Quercus CUTE Reichénbsehi 
CM. D. 


_Aeform wit th the leave ‘hats 
“first opening. des Wendland, Herren- 
Pd hausen, Mane 


— 
1896,2.) H. m of 
pm "s obose habit ; a rms mise 
from acorns of Q. p. fastigiata. (L. 

. Frommel, Odessa T 
Restrepia mangun Rolfe. (K. B. 
are Ore E. B. new 
x" ‘esembing = pan — but 
mson flowe! e The leaves are 
i clipes, 2 So long, and the pedu iwi is 
hesame length. Colombia. (Charles- 

sortie & "Co 


Rhipsalis robusta, G. A. Lindb. (M. 
. 1896, 53.) Cactexe wv. G. A South 
Brazilian species with 


. branches; flowers Xx near tips o 
A. Lindberg, Stock- 


erat teen Falconeri x niveum. 
G. C. 1896, xix., 702.)  Ericacem. G. 

i gard en hybrid between the two species 
indiented i in the name. Origin uncertain. 


Rhododendron halopeanium (R. H. 
cct 359, and 428, t.) H. A garden 
hybrid between R. griffithianum and 


arboreun. (M. Halopé, ronde 


py org De aes er splen 
S. 896; xix., 702.) H. 
iffers Nas tree in having f flowers 
-4 a rich crimson colour. (S. C. God- 
n.) 


roe gee ia bese (G. C. 1896, 
so arden hybrid between 
R. "fa aegis rs R. javanicum. (J. 

Veitch & Sons.) 

s succirubrum. (M. G. Z. 189 

Se) Saxifrageæ. H. A hybrid be 
tween R. divaricatum and R. niveum. 
(H. Zabel, Gotha.) 

Saccolabium pc CMM (B.B. 
1896, e; Orchidex This is 
Angraecum imbricatum, Lind , 


ee 
ne André. Ce a 1896, 177, ff. 
58-60.) Salieinee. G. A form of 


stout . terete 
of 


58 


alg habit resembling that of the 
bardy Poplar. Peru, &e. (Ed. 
At, France. 5 


*Salvia sc ohiedeana, a (K 
1896, 19.) Labiatæ. G. 
EROR oes blue. toda (Kew.) 


Sambucus racemoua AS pume 
(M. D D. es a M 


H. fo 
with cem eut rem Tn res. (Do V 
Holland.) 


-Sarcochilus hainanensis, Rolfe. (K. 
B. 1896, 199.) Orchidex. S. A new 
to 


len aves linear-ob 4 
long; ra 3 ia. long; flowers light 
yellow, sepals and petals in. lon 
lip shorter. Hainan. (Kev 
*Sarracenia uu (G. C. 1896, 
xXx., 534. acee. <A seedling 
CE. Sander 


or hybrid ofi api ii cigis: 
& Co.) 


*Saxifraga afghanica, Aitch. & Hemsl. 
(Gard. Mee xlix., 260.) Saxifragem. _/ 
net plant with white flowers 
bel ongi m p the egasea group. 
Afghanistan. (Kew 


Sedum englerianum, Graebner. (JV. 
B. 1896, 186.) Crassulacee. 
den nsely-eaespito se 
nearly allied to S. dasyphy 
gypsicolum. Pyrenees. (Berlin 


*Senecio multiflorus, DC. (G..C. 
1896, xix., 460, ff. 67—69.) Compose 
‘An ally of. the Garden 
GS. eer ger gh It has a sa Yay y stem A 
nched above, with nu head: 
ofi lilac purple flowers lin. lin Syn 
Doronicum Bou 5 B. M. . t. 4994 


i cutnbae Bog. 


Sidalcea malveflora Listeri. (Gard. f 
1896, L., 131.) Malvaceæ. H. Av variety; 
with "blush-pink flowers. (Lister.) 


B. G.) 


Canary Islands. 


Sohralis  Brandtise, Kränzl. 
896, xix., 608. eo G. 
new species with the habit of S. mac- 
otal Prat oue marked Miam ae 
spot s fro 


wavy. S. Ame 


Sophora platyc AM (M. D. 
G. 1 sod, 37) Leguminose. H: E 
habit general s 
tinguishable from S. japonica, 
differing marked in its fruits. Japan. 
(L. Späth, Berlin.) 


rica. (F. Sa 


Sophro-Lelia à Marriott. a e 


1896, xx x (0) 
garden ye id between Sophy iatis 
grandiflora and Lelia flava. (Sir W. 
Mar 


‘Scho eee abonensis, Cornu. z^ 
H. F. 1896, 467.) Pontederiacem. S. 
stia nt 


flow ing a pale violet colour, 
Western’ Tropical Africa. “(Paris B. G.) 


ogee Verdieri. (J. O. 1896, 

chidez. garden hybri rid 

Seen Ps caudatum Weiss and S. 
Roezlii 


Solanum E Hort. fini 896, 

d 59.) G. str oeo ag 

e owered spiny € ciam to S. 

tuplosimatun Afriea. (Dammann & 
Co, N 


Sorbus MIDELIA rossica fructu 

des ilci, ^ ger 1896, 28.) Rosa- 

form of the Mountain 

Aa with cdilile vais s ; introduced from 
sia. (L. Späth, Berlin.) 


"Sip Tanaks, Franch. & 
ig PT = 505, t. pegs Rosa- 


æ. eresting and pretty 
P. deciduous — larger ù in ig its parts 
s> n S. flexuosa. Japa (Kew.) 


dd foridana, Nutt. (G. and F. 

61.) Taxacee. H. “A bushy 

n pt A 0 ft. t. high, with a short 

E uet unk occa Sionil a foot in diameter, 

and many stout, spreading branches.” 
Florida. (Biltmore Arboretum.) 


Thunia alba gigantea. (Sand. 0a 
1896, 17.) Orchi Flow 
larger than in the vt pure White, the 
lip golden yellow. (F. Sander & Co.) 


MOS M Sa wan eriana 


D. G. 28.) Coni- 
"i orm " "the merican 
Arborvite with golden yellow leaves 
P d whieh do not burn 


(L. Spüth, Berlin.) 

Thuya occidentalis Wagneri. (M. D. 
371596. 928) H. A form x thick, 
compact, narrow pyramidal habit. (O. 
Froebel, Zurich.) 

Tigridia Pavonia alba immaculata. 


( d. hy xlix., 361.) Irideæ. A 
e form without spots. (Van 
Tend vn Haarlem.) 


or ng Pavonia flava. ^ (Gard. 
6, L., 22.) A distinct variety with 
Sais ‘yellow flowers. (Kew.) 


59 


Todea ^ arborea ML og tifida. 
(G. C. 1896, xix., 652.) ices. G. 
A variety with finely divided fronds, 
lighter in eolour and more elegant than 
thetype. (J. Veiteh & Sons.) 


Trichomanes Fraseri, uc .(G. C. 
x Fili A 


e top 
| Indies. (P. Neill Fraser.) 


Ulmus ez ommo RT ami 
nova. 1896, 28.) 
icaceæ. fc has -— 
leaves and a denser habit tha 
umbraculifera. (L. Späth, Baria 


hi ond wring ianthina, I. 
. 7466.) Dentaire. S. 
e species with 


lea 
Sander & Co, St. “Alba ns.) 


*Uvaria virens, N. E. (K. B. 
1896, 16.) A nici - "g. A new 
tinam with pf stems and oblong 
leaves 3 to 6 in. long; flowers sessile 
in ef small, yellow -green. Delagoa — 
Bay. (Kew.) 


Vanda Bensoni var. tristis, 
(G. C. 1896, xix. -, 423.) (8) atte. 
a ith fi 


side-lobes. Moulmien. (F. San 
O0.) 


Vanda bicolor, Griff. (G. C. 1896, 
ce, rare species 
siad ns reintroduced. Stem 3 ft 
leaves 6-10 in n. long obtusely two-lobed; 
owered flowers 


in. 

tessellated, li ar with yellow 
and with E a orbieular side-lobes. 

Tanika: (F. Sander & Co.) 

Vanda kimballiana var. Lackner. 

Krinzl. (G. 1896, 337, t. 1498.) S 


e 
which are yellow. (C. Lackner, Steg- 
litz, Germany.) 


Vanda teres gigantea. (G. C. 1896, 
xix., Pons S. A large-flowered richly 
coloured form with stouter stems and 
lea than the 


Viola beckiana, F: = (OW. e iden 


197, f. ii. d Vio H. 
SOME Me with Beis ie or 
yellow 80 flowers. Bosn 
*Vitis doaniana, Munsen. (G. and F. 
1896, 454, f. 59.)  Ampelidem. H. A 
nm VOT y hardy vine with a white leaves 
and branches. Texa 


Vitis Solonis robusta. (W. G. 1896, 
4. H. A garden — i cem 
V. Solonis and V. rip (Besson 
- fils, Matseilios 8.) 

ee Miranin 


ES 1896, 199.) 
brid between 
cardinalis. 
ed G. pr Mg Versailles è) 


Id Mortierii. (A. H. 1896, 219.) 
d hybrid ed En- 

otn roseum and V 

Qr Sallier fils, Paris.) 


Vriesia — 
— t.) - 


splenden y. 
ae Duval; r a 


(R. H. B. 1896, 
seedling between 
Van Geerti. 


60 


Watsonia iridifolia Ardernei. 
d 04. Trideze H 


oli 
Plants for 1889. (R. Wallace & Co. ) 


Zamia noeffiana, L. Lin -— — Cat. 
— 23.) Apera escribed 
me species pem to -— 
Li indeni "with — e the pinn 
also lar, as and with marginal teeth. 
America. “_Eitloreuiture Inter- 
nationale, Brussels.) 


anthes taubertiana, 

en mE t. eo pein 
with narrow linear leaves 

and large ‘pinks ‘tinted flowers Brazil. 

(Berlin B. G.) 


a 


| Zygopetalum Perrenaudii. (G. C. 
| 1896, xix., 337, 367, f. 50.) Orchidez. 
A garden i hybr rid — Z. 

ixillare 

(A. L Peeters, Binali s.) 


| atiritedium 


} 


| Gauthieri. 


GUIDES ON SALE 
AT THE ROYAL GARDENS, KEW. 


Key Plan and Index to the Royal Botanic 
"Garden and Arboretum, Kew. 3rd Ed. 1893. 
Price 2d. Post free 24d. 

Official Guide to the Museums of Economie 
Botany. No.1: Dicotvledons and Gymnosperms.' 

[Under revision. } 

Official Guide to the Museums of Economic 
Botany. No.2: Monocotyledons and Cryptogams. 
1894. Price 4d. Post free 5d. 

Official Guide to the Museums of Economie 
Botany. No. 3: Timbers. 2nd Ed., revised and 
^ augmented. 1893. Price 3d. Post free 4d. 

Official Guide to the North Gallery. 5th Ed., 
revised and augmented. 1892. Price4d. Post free 
54d. 

Hand-list of Trees and Shrubs grown in 
Arboretum. PartI.: Polypetale. 1894. Price $d. 
- Post free 10d.; Part II.: Gamopetale to Mono- 
_ cotyledons. 1896. Price 1s. Post free 1s. 23d. 

Hand-list of Conifere grown in the Koyal 
Gardens. 1896. Price 3d. Post free 4d. 

Hand-lis of Trees and Shrubs, Parts I. and IL, and 
Conifere in one volume, cloth boards. Price 2s. 8d. 
Posi free 3s. 1d. 

Hand-list of Ferns and Fern Allies cultivated 
in the Royal Gardens. 1595. Price 6d. Post 
"free 74d. 

Hand-list of Herbaceous Plants cultivated iu 
the Royal Gardens. 1895. Price ls. Post free 
1s. 3d. Abroad, to countries in the Postal Union, 
ls. 34d. In cloth boards. Price ls. 9d. Post free 
2s. Old. 

j Hand-list of Orchids cultivated in the Royal 
| — 1896. Price 6d. Post free 8d. 


2. Mosis: added to be made payable at Kew Post Office to — 
e cope Curator, Royal Gardens, Kew : Ass 


WORKS IN PREPARATION AT THE ROYAL 
GARDENS, KEW. 


. The obice Magazine.—An illustrated monthly magazine, consisting 
x figures of plants, raised mainly in the Royal Gardens, Kew; each 
- number contains five plates with descriptive letterpress. Edited by Sir 
Joseph Hooker, K.C.S.L, F.R.S., &c., &c., late Director of the Royal 
Gardens. Price 3s. 6d. coloured, 2s. 6d. plain. Lovell Reeve & Co., 

6, Henrieita Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C. 


Hookers Icones Plantarum.— This work contains figures with 
descriptions of new or rare plants, of which specimens are contained in 
the Herbarium of the Royal Gardens, Kew. Edited by the Director, 
for the Bentham Trustees. Each volume contains 100 plates, issued in 
four parts at quarterly intervals. Price 4s. per part. A limited number 


` of sets of the third series (consisting of ten volumes and 1,000 plates) 


are still for sale; price 5/. Messrs. Dulau & Co., 87, Soho Square, 
London, W. 


Flora of British India,—By Sir Joseph Hooker, K.C.S.I., F.R.S., &e. 
Consisting of English descriptions of all the flowering plants of Britist 
India, together with their synonyms, distribution, &c. Vols. I. -IV. 
32s. each. Vol. V., 38s. Vol. VL, 36s. Lovell Have & Co, 
6, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C. 


Flora Capensis——A systematic description of the plants of the Cape 
Colony, Caffraria, and Port Natal. Edited by the Director. Vols. I 
io IIL, 18s. each. Now ready, Vol. VI., Parts I. and IL, 7s. 6d. each. 
Lovell OUR & Co., 6, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C, 


Index Kewensis Plantarum Phanerogamarum.—Nomina et synonyms 
omnium generum et specierum a Linnzo usque ad annum 1885 com: 
plectens. By Sir Joseph Hooker, F.R.S., &e., and Mr. B. Daydon 
Jackson, F.L.S., &c. The work is now completed in four parts. 
Oxford; price 107. 10s. At the Clarendon Press. ;