ev’ ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW.

BULLETIN

OF

MISCELLANEOUS INYORMATION.

: ONDON:

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THE SEPARATE NUMBERS OF THIS VOLUME WERE
PUBLISHED ON THE FOLLOWING DaTEs :—

No. 1 January 31.
No, 2 March 9.

No. 3 April 3.

No. 4 May 21.

No. 5 July 4.

No. 6 August 21.
No. 7 September 30.
No. 8 October 25.
No. 9 December 13.

December 31.

A
2

_
a

CONTENTS

No. Article. Subject. Page
1 I. Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker hone see 1
RI It.’ ecades Kewenses : LXIIT.-— 35
mM TEE A Disease of Sweet Peas, Foren and éther

ie a basicola) Sia a 44

a PLY. frican Buxe 52

4 Vv: Miusatlatiowts PR bigs 56
2 VI. | Notes on Trees suitable for oo

‘Forestr I. American Conife 75

“i wil. he Genus Naatilon y 85

va VIII. Diagnoses African: m4 90
7 IX. Some Additions to the Korean Flora 108--
pe Miscellaneous Notes ... 109
3 e.aF Alcohol *, i ie oe | oa
‘i p.@ & He New Orchids : 38 eas [Pak
XITl. The Arundinazias of the Hills ‘of Sikkim ics Lb. doo
+ XIV. Nige gi aad
” aN: ConttibuGons to 6 Flora of Siam .. 144
n AVE: Miscellaneous Note foie 155
4 XVII. Additions to the Wild Fauna and Flora of

the Royal Botanic Gardens: XIII. (with
plate)... ove tay oes oes ws | 161
“a XVIII A Visit to the West Indies ... dite 166
” XIX. Fungi Exotici: XIIT.. > | 489
a a ae Diagnoses rebel wee XLVI 191
- XXI. Decades : LXV. div 1 298
_ XXII; Miveollancous Notes Ran cue iv oe 1 ae
5 XX A SEAT elena Bean (Kerstingiella geocarpa)
209
‘iy XXIV. Notes on some New and Critical Plants from
n 214
* XXYV. Sapium reek dae a “New. ‘Species from
British Gui 293,
" XXVI. Diagnoses Afeieinae » XLVILI Il. 2240
‘ XXVII Tulip Woods and Tulip Trees 944
“4 XXVIII. | Miscellaneous Notes (with two plates) 245
6 XXIX Fungi Exotici: XIV. . 253
A XXX Marine Algae from the North of New Zealand
and the Kermad ye 256
i XXXT. Da icitc ions to = Flora of Siam a cas 1 264
2 XXXII. | Diagnoses Afri 270
ee XXXII. | Some Gardens ee Parke 4 in S. S. Europe (with ;
a8 ” ites 284
” XXXIV. 297
iS XXXYV. Misccilanests Notes (with two plates) 300
7 XXXVI. | Elephant Grass (Pennisetum purpureum) . 309
‘ XX XVII. goers of Tropical African Plants from
1907 t 316
ys XXXVIM.)| Visit of the Royal Scottish ‘Arboricultural
Society to Dee 320
” XXXIX. | A New Buchu froin South Africa (Bar osma
Peglerae) (with figs.) 326

No. Article. Subject. Page.
7 XL. Diagnoses Africanae : L. ne | 3288
Be XLI. Hollow Trees Shi two plates) oe ois | OO ome
i XLII. Decades Kewenses : LXVI. weet -339 =
5 XLII. | The Fuller’s Teasel | Dipsacus Pullomun) vse | 345
* XLIV. | Miscellaneous Note . | 350
8 XLV. Fungi Exotici : ea (with plate) ... ra Pe
XLVI. | Diagnoses Africanae : LI. ce, ee
i XLVII. | Adinobotrys or Whiifoktiodecdron . «. | 363
Pe XLVIII. | The Genus Corchoropsis sve | S65
“i XLIX. A Contribution to the Flora of Hainan eet 366
s L. Miscellaneous Notes ... ate a xix 368
9 LI. New Sources of Paper (with plates) .. ves | Ne vo
ie LIl. Akaniaceae : a New Family of Sapindales ie) 318
+ LILI. Doaaies Kewenses : LX VII-LXIX.. 380
‘s LIV. ~~ ee ree of Siam Benzoin n (Siyra ben- .
ve 91
a LV. | Mixecliansous Notes “ee vie <i we {oom
10 [eva } Contributions de Flora of Siam .. 397
¥ LV. | ‘ White-heads’ ‘ Take-all’ of Wheat and
| Oats (Ophiobolus abel Belay fiat) =. o. | 435
Z | LVIII. | Miscellaneous Notes ... Was 439
Appendix I. — | List of seeds of hardy herbaceous plants
and of trees and shru :
ME ice f & — papas of the Library. Additions received
19 sas 23
a Et — | New garden plants of the year 1911. 39
ree ee — | Botanical Fis ool oa at home and in India
| | and the Colonies... a 65

ERRATA.

Page Lg line 22 from top, for 150,00 cubic feet read 150,000 a
board fee

Page a line 15 from top, nes eastern read western, and for
north-eastern read north-western

Page 170, line 18 from top, for Georgetown read Kingstown.
Page 171, line 3 from bottom, for dilatatum read conjugatum.
Page 172, line 6 from top, for mortelles read Immortelles.
Page 173, first line, for 1500 read 600.

Page rik line 17 from bottom, Sor Wilkstroemia read
Wikstroemi

Page an lines 4 and 5 from bottom, for Assistant Superinten-
dent read Superintendent.

Page 378, line 22 from top, for Alipinia read Alpinia.

Kew Bulletin, 1912.

[Elliott § Fry, Ltd.

ir JosepH Datron Hooker, O.M.

To face p. 1.] 22242

ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEw.

BULLETIN

OF

MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION,

No. 1.] [1912.

I.—SIR JOSEPH DALTON HOOKER.
1817-1911.

Kew lies, at the beginning of the year, under the shadow of a
great sorrow. The veteran Sir Joseph Hooker, Assistant Director
during the decade 1855-1865 and Director in the two decades
1865-1885, died at his residence, The Camp, near Sunningdale, in
his ninety-fifth year, at midnight on Sunday, 10th December, 1911.

Born at Halesworth in Suffolk on 30th June, 1817, Joseph
Dalton Hooker was the second son of William Jackson Hooker
and his wife Maria Sarah, eldest daughter of Mr. Dawson Turner,
F.R.S., Norwich. His father, at the time of Hooker’s birth, was
the managing partner of a business which he had been induced to
enter in 1809 along with Mr. Turner, whose daughter he married
in 1815, and Mr. Paget of Yarmouth, father of the late Sir James
Paget, Bart. To so enthusiastic a naturalist and author as the
elder Hooker the occupation at Halesworth was not altogether
congenial, Towards the end of 1819 he expressed to his friend
Sir Joseph Banks a desire to find some position in which his
already remarkable and extensive knowledge of botany could be
turned to account. Sir Joseph Banks suggested as a suitable
Situation the Professorship of Botany in the University of Glasgow,
which had just become vacant. ooker’s father accepted this
suggestion, and in February, 1820, he was appointed by the Crown
to the Glasgow chair in succession to Professor Graham, who ha
been transferred to Edinburgh. He entered upon his duties in
May, and the impression which he created may Bier ae be best
estimated by a remark made in July by Francis Hamilton, one of
the ablest and shrewdest men of his time, regarding “ the Botanical
Garden at Glasgow, where there has been lately appoin a
Sek likely to be somewhat distinguished.” Professor W. J.

ooker occupied the Glasgow chair until 1841, when he was
appointed Director of the Royal Gardens, Kew. His son Joseph
was therefore educated in Glasgow, passing through the High
School to the University, where he attended some of the classes in
the Faculty of Arts before proceeding to those in the Medical

(22242—6a.) Wet, 118—9, 1125, 1/12, D&S.

2

Faculty. In the mathematical class he had as a fellow student a
ad somewhat younger than himself, son of a colleague of his father,
afterwards to become Lord Kelvin and to follow himself as occupant
of the chair of President of the Royal Society. As a medical
student he had as a class-fellow the son of another colleague of his
father destined like himself to become a distinguished traveller and
to be his companion on some of his own most interesting and fruitful
journeys. Hooker completed his medical studies and obtained the
degree of M.D. at Glasgow in 1839

While an undergraduate in Glasgow much of Hooker’s spare
time was given to work in his father’s herbarium ; his reading, as
he himself has explained, included the study of many works o
travel, Among the passages, he tells us, which had especially
impressed him were Turner’s description of the great peak of
Chumlari in the Eastern Himalaya and the account of the island of
Kerguelen contained in Cook’s Voyages. The latter he was destined
to visit himself quite early in his career. At the close of his
medical curriculum Hooker became an Assistant Surgeon in the

during the next three years to visit New Zealand, Australia,
Tasmania, Kerguelen, Tierra del Fuego, and the Falkland Islands.
Keen and assiduous, he managed to bring together very large
collections of material and to acquire an extraordinary amount of
botanical information. While at work on his father’s collections,
Hooker made his earliest contribution to botanical literature ;
descriptions by him of three new Mosses from the Himalaya
were published in the ‘ [cones Plantarum’ in 1837 (vol. ii. p. 194).
Before starting on the Antarctic voyage, he had prepared in colla-
boration with Professor Harvey another paper on Indian Mosses.

his, his second publication, appeared in 1840, while he was absent
in the southern seas. But if, under paternal inspiration, Hooker thus
showed an early inclination for the study of Cryptogams, he would
appear to have simultaneously developed an interest of his own in
Fossil Botany, because an early contribution to natural knowledge,
written and published in Tasmania in 1842 while he was botanist to
the circumpolar expedition, gives the results of the examination of
specimens of fossil wood from the Macquarie Plains.

Shortly after his return from the Antarctic expedition Hooker,
in 1843, became Assistant to Graham, who was still Professor of
Botany in Edinburgh and held this position until 1845 when Graham
was succeeded in the chair by the elder Balfour. On the termina-
tion of his appointment at ain batph Hooker became botanist to
the Geolegical Survey of Great Britain. This new appointment
naturally gave a great impetus to his palaeontological interests ;
while attached to the Survey he made a number of im
contributions to the literature of Fossil Botany, the most notable of
these being a discussion of the vegetation of the Carboniferous
period as compared with that now existing on the globe, which
appeared in 1848, But his studies during the period of his appoint-
ment in Edinburgh and of his attachment to the Geological Rarvey

3

were very far from being confined to palaeobotany. Immediately
after his return from the long voyage in the “ Erebus,’ Hooker

gan the arduous task of preparing for publication the scientific
results of his researches in the field. Still under the influence o

With the appearance of this work, however, the task was
temporarily relinquished, and Hooker’s duties as botanist to the
Geological Survey came to an end, in order that he might undertake
another expedition more arduous even than the last, ‘The object in
view was a double one. His desire was to add to the knowledge
already acquired at first hand with regard to the vegetation of
temperate and subantarctic regions a corresponding knowledge of
the vegetation of some tropical region; and at the same time to
acquire an acquaintance with the vegetation of some large continent
commensurate with his knowledge of the floras of so many insular
regions. The field of study selected was North-Eastern India, a
tract in which but little botanical exploration had been done. The
expedition was at first intended to be a private enterprise ; during
the course of the preliminary preparations, however, the project
was so fortunate as to receive official recognition and to be partly
subsidised from public funds. The amount of the subsidy was
small, but the indirect effect of the recognition was great, and
Hooker found as a consequence that what might otherwise have
been difficult became comparatively easy ; indeed some of the
results he was able to attain might otherwise have proved impossible
of accomplishment. Hooker left England in November, 1847,
travelling part of the way as one of the suite of Lord Dalhousie,
then proceeding to India to assume the position of Viceroy ; from
His Excellency, who took the closest personal interest in the under-
taking, Hooker received continued encouragement and constant
assistance. Reaching India in January, 1848, Hooker devoted the
first three months of the year to journeys in the Gangetic Plain and
in Behar, ascending the sacred mountain of Parasnath in Chutia
Nagpur. From Behar he made his way to the Himalayas and
reached Darjeeling, which became his base of operations, about the
middle of April. What remained of the year 1848 and a
the whole of the year 1849 were occupied in the botanical explora-
tion and topographical survey of the State of Sikkim and of the

22242 a3

4

passes which lead thence into Tibet. While on these high wind-
swept passes he was able at least to see, even if he did not reach,
that glorious peak of Chumlari which had, from Turner’s description,
so kindled his boyish ardour to travel. A fortunate accident had
gained for him the acquaintance of the great Jung Bahadur ;
thanks to this, Hooker was given an opportunity, which no one
has enjoyed since, of spending the latter part of 1848 in similarly
exploring some of the valleys of Eastern Nepal. During most of
his sojourn in the Himalayas Hooker travelled and surveyed
unaccompanied by any European. But in October, 1849, his friend

r. Campbell, then the Superintendent of Darjeeling, obtained
official permission to visit native Sikkim and joined Hooker.
Shortly afterwards the Sikkim Ministry decided that this was an
excellent opportunity to take of showing discourtesy to the Indian

overnment. is discourtesy assumed the form of seizing and
maltreating Campbell ; Hooker, who was at the same time made
a prisoner, they refrained from injuring. Towards the end of
December, 1849, the captives were released and the next three
months were spent by Hooker in Darjeeling closely occupied in the
task of arranging his huge collections and in that of reducing, with
the aid of a number of devoted Anglo-Indian friends, the observations
made during his survey of the country.

Some of the results of Hooker’s Indian observations were pub-
lished by the Asiatic Society of Bengal while he was in India, On
his return to England in 1851, he at once resumed work on the
materials of his antarctic voyage, the second section of his great
work, again in two quarto volumes, being completed in 1855, under
the subsidiary title ‘ Flora Novae Zelandiae.’ But while engaged
on this and on the subsequent section of the same work, the openin
part of which was also issued in 1855, Hooker simultaneously took
in hand, largely in collaboration with his friend Thomson, the elabora-
tion of their Indian material. Two very fine illustrated folios
dealing with Himalayan species appeared. The first of these, dealing
with the Rhododendrons of the Siickim Himalaya, was edited from
Hooker’s notes, sketches and material by his father, and issued
between 1849 and 1851; the second, a volume of illustrations of
Himalayan plants, chiefly made on behalf of an Indian friend,
Mr. Cathcart, in the neighbourhood of Darjeeling, was edited, with
descriptions by Hooker himself, in 1855. During this period,
Hooker and Thomson collaborated in the preparation of a ‘ Flora
Indica,’ the first and only volume of which appeared in 1855; in the
previous year, Hooker had published his ‘ Himalayan Journals,’

5

one of the best books of travel ever written, in which the results of
his Indian journeys, botanical and non-botanical, are summarised. It
is sometimes forgotten that as a traveller Hooker, with his wide range
of knowledge and his almost illimitable interests, did not confine
himself to botanical observations. It is true that no botanical field-
work has been more full of interest or has proved of greater value
than that done by Hooker in Sikkim, and it is perhaps natural for
those whose studies are confined to botanical problems to look upon
this work as the chief harvest garnered by Hooker in the Eastern
Himalayas, But it is probable that the trained surveyor would
join issue with the botanist and would declare that however valuable

had to be dealt with in the same manner. The latter task had not
been completed when Thomson departed, but another smaller though
very important one was successfully accomplished. Besides the
three collections mentioned, the residuum of the Indian Her-
barium distributed by Wallich on behalf of the Honourable East
India Company was also entrusted to Kew. The distribution of
this great collection took place between 1828 and 1832 ; there was
consequently no set of its plants at Kew. In this Kew did not
stand alone, the herbarium attached to the Royal Botanic Garden,
Calcutta, at whose cost and for whose benefit the collection had to
be brought together, was in like case. By a happy chance the friends
were thus enabled to fill more or less satisfactorily a great hiatus in
the herbaria of both gardens ; a set, fairly complete, so far at least
as the plants collected by Wallich himself are concerned, was made
up and laid into the herbarium at Kew, while a similar set was
taken to Calcutta by Thomson. The early inclination towards the
study of Cryptogams found no opportunity of asserting itself
between 1851 and 1855; that towards palaeobotanical studies,
though not completely inhibited, because several interesting contri-
butions to our knowledge of fossil botany were published by Hooker
during the years 1853 to 1855, was less active than it had been before
he sailed for India in 1847.

The period during which Hooker was Assistant Director at Kew
was one of extraordinary activity. During the ten years that he

6

held this position he was throughout closely occupied with his sub-
antarctic work, the third section of which, under the subordinate

occupied in working out the results to be derived from a study o
the plants of the northern circumpolar regions. This subject, cog-
nate to much of his work connected with corresponding southern
regions, had first redeived his attention in 1856, when working out
the collections brought together during the Franklin searches ; he
returned to it in 1861 when dealing with those collected in the
M‘Clintock expedition. In the following year he dealt with the
subject in a comprehensive fashion in his‘ Outlines of the distribution
of Arctic plants,’ a paper that is one of the classics of phytogeography.
But while all this was in progress he undertook the contribution
to the series of Colonial Floras prepared under Government autho-
rity at Kew, of a ‘ Hand-book of the New Zealand Flora,’ in two
volumes, the first of which appeared in 1864.

The period while Hooker was Assistant Director was also marked
by the publication of three important papers, more restricted as to
subject, but of the highest value as contributions to our knowledge
of morphological botany. These were a study of the structure and
affinities of the Balanophoreae, published in 1856; a study of the
origin and development of the pitchers of Nepenthes, published in
1859, and a study of the genus Welwitschia, published in 1863.
The second of these studies had also an important physiological
bearing.

Another group of phytogeographical problems occupied Hooker’s
attention during this period. They had indeed been before him
almost from the commencement of his active career, and his interest
in them dates from his own visits, made on the way to the circumpolar
regions, to the Azores, Madeira, the Canaries, Cape Verde Islands,
St. Paul’s Rock, Ascension, St. Helena and South Trinidad. But the
problems were as imminently present in connection with his visits to
other islands and in connection with his studies of the vegetation of
the Galapagos Group im 1847, and of Raoul in the Kermadec

7

Group in 1856. It is ere only proper to assign to this
period the formation of the views to which sa ita was given
in a discourse on ‘ Insular Ploves? at the Norwich meeting of the
British Association in 1866, the year following its close.

During this period, Hooker continued, in conjunction with Thomson,
the floristic work based on their Indian collections. Their ‘ Flora
Indica,’ the only ‘alate of which had been issued in 1855, was indeed
definitely abandoned. But during the years 1858 to 1861 the two
friends published a series of ‘ Praecursores’ dealing with the species
of a number of important natural families of Indian plants. Hooker
also took a very considerable share between 1858 and 1864 in
the preparation of Thwaites’ enumeration of the plants of Ceylon,
and was responsible for the preparation and issue, in 1865, of the
catalogue of the specimens distributed from the herbaria of
Falconer, Griffith and Helfer.

If during this period we find no further palaeobotanical contribu-
tions, there is evidence that his interest in the flora of Africa, lit up
by his visits to the Cape Verde and other islands in 1839, further
manifested in 1847 and 1849, and again shown in 1852, 1854, 1860
and 1861 had not abated, because in 1862 and again in 1864 he dealt
critically with the important collections made by Mann in pieoseed
Po and the Cameroons; in 1865 he described some new and interes
ing African species of Aristolochia; in 1868 and 1871 he con-
tributed to the ‘Flora of Tropical Africa.’ But the most
important systematic work undertaken during the time that Hooker
was Assistant Director has still to be mentioned. He began in
collaboration with Mr. Bentham the Seaicaaetiahine of a ‘Genera
Plantarum,’ based principally on the material contained in the
pete ae at Kew. The first portion of this, one of the most

important botanical works of the nineteenth century, was issued in
1862, and the first volume, ending the Calyciflorae, was completed in
1865.

The death in that year of the illustrious Sir W. J. Hooker was
followed by the succession of his son to the post of Bitactor of the
Royal Gardens, Kew. This post Hooker occupied during the next
twenty years. The onerous administrative duties of this position
did not, however, interfere with the prosecution of the work he
already had in hand. The New Zealand flora for the Colonial
Floras series had indeed already been nearly completed, the second
and concludin volume was issued in 1867. e continued to take

one in 1883, With the santo to the Directorship came also
succession to the editorship of the ‘ Botanical Magazine’ and of the
‘Icones Plantarum,’ both of which he continued to issue after his own
retirement in 1885. His father’s death added to Hooker’s duties
also that of replacing, by his own ‘Students’ Flora’ published in 1870,
the well-known ‘ British Flora.’ He also annotated and rearra nged
the natural families of plants in the English edition of Le Maout
and Decaisne in 1873, and in 1876 he wrote one of the most difficult
to prepare but one of the most effective of his Saar the
— on * Botany’ tor the series of Science

e exact cter of Hooker’s dniion as Director did not
ae cm my oe from further botanical travel, for he was able to

8

take part with the late Mr. J. Ball and Mr. G. Maw in an
expedition to Morocco and the Atlas range in 1871, during which
the party made the first ascent by European travellers of the peak
of Jebel Tezah. An account of the ascent of the range was
published by Hooker in 1871; the botanical results were formally
dealt with by Ballin 1873. A general account of the expedition
under the title ‘A tour in Marocco and the Great Atlas,’ written
by Hooker and Ball in collaboration, was published in 1878. This
journey and its journal are not, however, the only indications that
Hooker’s interest in the botany of the Dark Continent continued
unabated, for he dealt with one of the most interesting of the
problems connected therewith in a paper on the subalpine vegeta-
tion of Kilimanjaro in 1875, and the subject of tropical African
mountain floras was again alluded to by Hooker in 1884, But in
this case the peculiar interest he took in the subject was of a general
rather than a local nature and was closely associated with the interest
still taken in the distribution of Arctic plants, which was manifested
once more in a paper published in 1874, and with his interest in the
vegetation of remote islands in the southern seas, shown in papers on
the plants of Tristan d’Acunha published in 1875 and on those of
Kerguelen published in 1879. The whole subject of Geographical
Distribution was exhaustively summarised b ooker in his
sectional address delivered at the York meeting of the British
Association in 1881,

The African journey of 1871 was not, however, the only one that
Hooker was able to make while Director of Kew. In 1877, in
peace! with his friend Dr. Asa Gray, and with Dr. Hayden

p R L

which was published in 1867. The results of Hooker’s visit to
North America ten years later were summarised by himself in
‘ Nature’ in the same year, formed the subject of an address tu the
Royal Institution in 1878, and were embodied in a contribution by
Gray and himself to the United States Survey Reports in 1882.

The heavy administrative duties which marked the period from
1865 to 1885 must not be overlooked. While Director at Kew, the
condition and arrangement of the collection of hardy trees and
shrubs were matters of special concern to Hooker, and the Pinetum
was entirely his creation. The valley near the Flagstaff, known as
the Berberis Dell, was brought into its present condition between
1869 and 1872. The Rockery or Alpine Garden was created in
1882. Numerous avenues, grassed drives and gravel paths were

9

opened out or planted during his ee ae especially in the
Arboretum, To mention only a few of these, the Thorn avenue
was planted in 1868, that of Atlas Cedars was fate in 1871, the
Holly walk in 1874, ‘the Sweet Chestnut avenue in 1880. A new
system of supplying water was established between 1866 and 1868;
the stables were removed to a more suitable site in 1867 and their
removal enabled the opening of the present Cumberland Gate.
The d vine and entrance known as the Isleworth Gate was
provided in

The range ae plant-houses known as the T-range was erected in
1868-9; the Jodrell Laboratory was added to the institution in
1876 ; a new hall, added to the Herbarium building, was completed
in 187 7; a wing was added to No. I. Museum in 1881, and the North
Gallery was completed and opened to the public in 1882.

With all the burden of these duties upon him Hooker was still
able to take his full share of the public work that falls to be per
formed by men of science. In 1866 he undertook to deliver one: of

8,

alluded to. oe 1868 he was President of the meeting of the
fs aa held at Norwich, and his opening aides mich seal

the value and functions of museums, was pre y a
anquaified advocacy of the acceptance of the by poles of his
friend Darwin as the surest means of promoting natural knowledge,
which produced a marked and lasting effect on scientific thought.
In 1874 he was chairman of the department of Zoology and Botany
in the Biological section at the meeting of the Association in
Belfast, taking as nis subject the carnivorous habits of plants and
reviewing a group of problems to which his own observations and
researches on Nepenthes, published in 1859, had drawn especial
attention. In 1881 he Dresided over the Geographical section of
the Association at its meeting in York and delivered an address on
‘Geographical Distribution’ of the greatest importance and value.

In 1873 Hooker was chosen to fill the highest post to which an
English man of science can attain—the -Presidentship of the
pss aa b ; he occupied the presidential chair during the next
five years. As our record indicates, the exacting duties which this
Salivion entails neither interfered with the performance of his
administrative work nor curtailed his activity as a botanical author.
To this activity we again turn in order to record the commencement
of what was to prove in some respects the heaviest and most sus-
tained of the tasks of his life. The beara ion of the Indian
specimens on which Hooker and Thomson had been engaged was
hardly completed when a similar Seceanity arose through the
accession of the Peninsular Indian herbarium of Dr. Wight. The
catalogue required for this collection was ready for issue and the
preliminary work completed by 1870. The preparation of a ‘ Flora
of British India’ on the lines of the Colonial Floras prepared at
Kew could at last be begun. The opening part of the first volume
was issued in 1872 and the volume completed in 1875. The second
volume was completed in 1879, the third in 1882, and the fourth in
August, 1885. Three months later Hooker retired from the
Ductoesbis of Kew, taking up his residence at the Camp, near

10

Sunningdale, where he had built a house and laid out a charming
and well-furnished garden.

If retirement, in Hooker’s case, meant release from the cares of
administration, it did not mean leisure. He continued to edit the
‘Icones Plantarum’ for four more years, until the end of 1889, and
the ‘ Botanical Magazine’ for the next 17 years, until 1902, when he
associated with himself in this task Mr. W. B. Hemsley, with whose

was published in 1895.

Meanwhile, however, Hooker had undertaken the superintendence
of another heavy task. His friend Darwin, some time before his
death, informed Hooker of his intention to devote a considerable
sum to meet the cost of some work of utility to biological science,
and to arrange that this might be completed if it were not finished

uring his own lifetime. His difficulties in connection with his own
studies led Darwin to suggest that the work should consist of an
index to the names, authorities and countries of all flowering plants;

The responsibility connected with the ‘Index Kewensis’ had
barely ended ere Sisakier arranged, as an act of justice to the
memory of Sir Joseph Banks, to edit the ‘Journal’ kept by that
naturalist during Captain Cook’s first voyage, 1768-71; this edition
was published in 1896. Just as this volume appeared an a
was made to Hooker to undertake the completion of the *‘ Handbook
to the Flora of Ceylon’ begun by Dr. Trimen, but of which only
three parts had appeared when Trimen died. Hooker responded to
the appeal, and in 1898 the fourth part, edited to some extent from
manuscript left by Trimen, was issued from the press; the fifth and
— part, which Hooker had to write himself, was published
in ;

The next two years were devoted to the preparation of a life
of his father, Sir William Jackson Hooker, the first Director.
This life appeared in December 1902, simultaneously with the

11

arrangement which relieved him of the heavier part of the work
connected with the ‘ Botanical Magazine.’ The relief which this

severed.

In seeking for a subject to occupy the leisure which had at last
arrived, Hooker selected one that sufficed to occupy the remaining
years of his life. Among the natural families of Indian plants with
which he and Thomson had dealt in their ‘ Praecursores,’ one
of the most interesting and at the same time one of the most difficult
had been the Balsamineae, their account of which was published in
1859. Wight and Beddome both subsequently gave especial
attention to the South Indian members of this group, and in 1874
Hooker himself dealt with them once more in the ‘ Flora of British
India.’ But during the 30 years which had elapsed many new

In this sketch of what Hooker was able to accomplish during the
seven decades over which his active working career extended,

_ even passing allusion been made to what was an ever-present motive
in all that Hooker did, the application to practical and commercial

papers, such as
the time

12

1886 onwards, practically the whole of his economic contributions
are to be found in the series of ‘ Kew Reports’ published by his
father between 1855 and 1865 while Hooker was Assistant
Director, and in the same series from 1865 onwards while he was
Director at Kew.

Nor has more than passing allusion been made to the fact that
in fields of study other than botanical his interest was as keen and
his contributions to knowledge were as valuable as those in the
science which he primarily served. Regarding his services to
geography, it is hardly necessary to say more than has already
been said, save to point out that these services were as great
and equally effectively rendered on the technical side by his work

extended ; another early contribution, published in 1848, deals
with the temperature of the soil in Egypt, while the Himalayan
Journals are again replete with valuable meteorological information
which had already been presented in a compact and illuminating
manner in a paper on the climate and vegetation of East Nepal and
Sikkim published in 1852.

We find, however, that at almost as early a period Hooker
developed a strong inclination for palaeobotanical study. This

13

inclination is shown in an ae paper written and published while he
was botanist on the “ Erebus he inclination, as was natural, was
at its maximum while he was attached to the Geological Survey.
It was still manifest, though less markedly so, after his return from
India. His last addition to this field of knowledge appeared in
1855; after he became Assistant Director, Hooker did not again —
actively engage in palaeobotanical study.
If from this period onwards Hooker’s work had as its material
mainly phanerogamic plants, that work was of the most varied
character. It is not difficult to trace the existence, at different
periods of his career, of certain dominant interests. Unlike not a few
distinguished travellers Hooker did not amass material and then
leave it unelaborated. He is, on the contrary, one of the few
exceptional men who have been in a Pigs to say that they had
ploughed their furrow to the end. Vast as were the collections he
had accumulated, before his life ended he “had dealt with them all.
The circumstances under which his collections had been made of
sige compelled him to deal with them on a floristic basis. The
earliest of his collections being those made during his southern
end the southern collections were attacked first. The work began
immediately on his return to England, and as we have seen, its three
geographical sections were dealt with in detail, beginning with the
Antarctic and sub-Antarctic section. But we find, from papers
published i in 1844, that both the New Zealand and Tasnianian sec- _
tions were already occupying his attention. During the years
1845 to 1847, while the dominant interest was in Antarctic plants
he paid no little attention to the Tasmanian flora, this interest
culminating in the Tasmanian ‘Spicilegium’ of 1847, the appearance
of which was coincident with the completion of the ‘ Flora Ant-
arctica’ and with his own departure for India. From 1844 till his
resumption of work in 1851, the New Zealand interest was in abey-
ance. The Antarctic work, however, lighted up a new interest which
extended its scope, and led to the simultaneous spn Tg of the
evidence afforded by isolated islands or island groups in regions
other than the Hib Antaretic, This cognate Eeiarest, which persisted
long after the Antarctic work proper was completed, is shown in
papers published in 1846 and 1847, again in 1856, 1857 and 1861,
and yet again in 1875 and 1879.
When active work on the collections made in the Southern Seas
wet resumed after the completion of his Indian journeys, it was to
e New Zealand section, hitherto left practically untouched and not
he the Tasmanian ones which had occupied him before his departure,
that his attention particularly turned. This fresh New Zealand
interest was the dominant one until 1855, when Hooker became Assis-
tant Director. But immediately the New Zealand work was over
Hooker reverted to the Tasmanian collections, which provided what
was his dominant interest until 1859. However, even during this
period, the New Zealand interest still asserted itself ; he published
papers dealing with New Zealand plants in 1857, 1859 and 1860,
and the interest again became a dominant one from 1862 till 1867,
during which period he prepared the New Zealand ‘ — k,
a new interest, complementary to, and in a manner
arising out of the sub-Antaretic work, manifested itself, "This was his

14

interest in Arctic vegetation, a subject he was to make peculiarly
his own, which is shown in floristic contributions published in 1856,
1861 and 1873.

But collateral with the strong interests arising out of his own ex-
periences in the field we find that another marked inclination ran
through his work up to 1865, when he became Director of Kew. This
was his interest in the vegetation of Tropical Africa, evidenced by
important floristic contributions to knowledge in 1847, 1849 and
1852, and again in 1860, 1862, 1864 and 1865. This interest
was further manifested in the systematic treatment of certain
genera and families in 1868 for the first volume and in 1871 for
the second volume of the ‘Flora of Tropical Africa,’ and showed
itself again in 1874, but this time in a modified form, in connection
with his studies of mountain floras, a subject cognate on the one
hand with his Antarctic and Arctic work, on the other hand with
his investigations of Insular Floras.

We find from his papers, that as early as 1847 Hooker was ready
to deal with American plants as well, but if we except his su
stantial floristic contributions to the ‘ Flora Brasilensis,’ published
in 1867, there is no evidence that a floristic interest in American
plants was ever strong. His first definite treatment of a North
American plant only dates from 1874, and its mention at all is in
connection with its distribution, not with its characters. The very
great interest which he did subsequently take in the North American
vegetation as the result of his visit to the United States in 1877
was, as we shall see, phytogeographical and not floristic.

From the time of his Indian journeys Hooker’s interest in the
Indian Flora was as intense as that which he took in the floras dealt
with in his ‘ Botany of the Antarctic voyage’ and, thanks to the
assistance of his father, a very substantial floristic contribution,

ased on his material and his field-descriptions was made as early
as 1849. Thanks largely too, to the fact that he had the collabora-
tion of his friend and fellow-traveller Thomson, much was
accomplished even while the burdens of the Tasmanian and New
Zealand floras lay heavily on him and hardly a year passed between
1854 and 1864 without some substantial contribution, either from
his own pen or with the collaboration of Thomson, to the floristic
study of the vegetation of India, Malaya and Ceylon. But while
he was, as we have seen, able to get through the heavy task of the

reliminary arrangement of his Indian material in the meantime,
the publication of Indian floristic work was in abeyance between
1864 and 1872. As a matter of fact when the New. Zealand
interest ceased to be dominant in 1867 MHooker’s floristic
interest was transferred to the British Isles, and this British
interest remained the dominant one until in 1870 the ‘ Students’
Flora’ appeared. But, this task ended, and the preliminary
sorting of the Indian material accomplished, the dominant. interest
was that which centred in the flora of India. This interest ma
be said to have remained the dominant one for the rest of Hooker's
life. Not only did it continue to be so without a break from 1872
when the first part of the Flora of British India was published till
1897 when that work was completed ; it was prolonged till 1900 in
connection with the Ceylon Handbook and was revived by the

15

necessity for the sketch of the vegetation of India issued in 1904.
Moreover, the work on the Balsamineae, which occupied his life
from 1904 till 1911, although it gradually became extended to the
whole of eastern and south eastern Asia, had its origin in a mono-
bel ee study of the Indian species of Jmpatiens.

wever, so much of Hooker’s work has, as the result of his
own indefatigable field-work, been of necessity thrown into a floristic
mould, this floristic study has been so thorough that all his writings
are mines of wealth alike to the systematist, to the morphologist
and to the student of botanical philosophy. Nor has he been
prevented by the heavy floristic duties which the circumstances of
his career imposed upon him from entering with success these
various fields of study. So far as his contributions to pure system
are concerned it is only necessary to mention his share in the pro-
- duction of the ‘Genera Plantarum’ between 1860 and 1883. His
contributions to pure morphology include his classic papers on
Balanophoreae in 1856, the ovary of Siphonodon in 1857, Nepenthes
in 1859, and Welwitschia in 1863. The Nepenthes paper is also
important on the physiological side, and its bearing in this direction
was more fully developed by Hooker in an address on the habits of
carnivorous plants in 1874,

But it is to his contributions to the field of botanical philosophy
that Hooker largely owes his place in the roll of fame. tis oristic
work, though done by the hand of a master, is after all work that,
if not done so well, might still have been done by others. But the
philosophical papers which commence with his share in the Intro-
ductory Essay to the ‘Flora Indica’ in 1855 and end with his sketch
of the vegetation of India in 1904, are those in which stand
revealed the teacher we have lost. The first Indian Essay was

the Cedars, in 1863 by is sketch of the vegetation of Syria an
Palestine, in 1866 by his discourse on Insular Floras, in 1867 by his
remarks on the struggle for existence as plants, in 1868 by that
portion of his address at Norwich which deals with the Darwinian
pate mire in 1877 and 1878 on the features of the North
American flora, in 1881 by his address on Geographical distri-
aries and in 1882 by his paper on Tropical African Mountain
Floras. It is singularly appropriate that this series of master-
pieces should end in 1904 as they begin in 1855 with an essay
on the vegetation of India, his work connected with which had
occupied his almost unbroken attention for a quarter of a century.
A feature of these philosophical contributions which arrests the
attention of the reader and compels admiration, is the style in which
they are written. To this gift of style is due the fact that the
* Himalayan Journal’ in which it is equally displayed has, without
reference to its scientific contents, heen‘described as one of the best
books of travel ever written and has also been characterised as the
best guide book ever published. As a man of letters Hooker may
be regarded as deserving a position only second to that which he
attained as a man of science.

In an appreciation contributed to * Nature’ by his devoted friend
Dr, Asa Gray, in 1877, an estimate is given of the quality of

16

Hooker’s work, The fact that of 'Hooker’s most intimate friends
and contemporaries Gray was the one who, by stress of circumstance
had been, in spite of his versatile talents and varied interests,
compelled in the same manner to devote most of his attention Be
floristic work renders this appreciation doubly valuable. Such
it is, we can only say that what was put on record then applies
equally to what has happened since. In this article, written when
ooker was in his sixtieth year, Gray expressed the hope that he
might be writing of one who was only in mid-career, a hope that
has almost been fulfilled. Nor of Hooker’s activity as an adminis-
trator need more be said than what Gray has said ; it was exercised
“in such wise as to win, along with national applause, the gratitude
of pe scientific world.”

promotion or Pein of natural Moves Many of these
societies bestowed on Hooker still further distinctions. ‘The Royal
Society submitted his name for the award of a Royal medal in 1854,
and awarded him the Copley medal—the highest honour the Society
can bestow—in 1887 and the Darwin medal in 1892. The
Linnean Society awarded him the Linnean medal in 1888, and
presented to him, in 1897, a medal struck to commemorate his own
eightieth birthday and, in 1908, one of the medals struck to com-
memorate the fiftieth anniversary of the publication of the joint
communication by Darwin and Wallace on natural selection,
Darwin’s share in which was so largely the result of Hooker’s
action. The Society of Arts awarded him their Albert medal in
1883, the Geographical Society their Founder’s medal in 1884, and
the Manchester Philosophical Society a medal in 1898. F inally, i in
1907, the Royal Swedish Academy, under circumstances already
described in this work (K.B. 1907, p. 259), conferred upon him
what he has himself termed the crowning honour of his long life—
the unique medal struck to commemorate the two-hundredth anni-
versary of the birth of Linnaeus. The cages of Oxford
conferred on him the piewintd degree of D.C.L.; he received the
honorary degree of LL.D. m the Universities of Camb bridge,
Edinburgh, Dublin and Blow. In 1869, after he was iene
of the British Association at Norwich, ha was made a C.B.,;
1877, when about to vacate the Presidentship of the Boyal Sica.
he was created a K.C.S.I..; in 1897, when the * Flora of Britis
India’ was completed, he was made a G.C.S.I.; in 1907, on his
ninetieth birthday, he received the Order of Merit. His foreign

Even in his old age Hooker felt 1 ie duty to respond
to invitations to take part in public ceremonies designed to

17

commemorate occasions of signal importance. Only the distance to
be traversed, combined with the weight of his 90 years, prevented
him from being present at Upsala in 1907 to do honour to the
memory of Linnaeus. In 1908 he not only attended the celebration
by the Linnean Society of the fiftieth anniversary of its publication
of the joint contribution by Darwin and Wallace, but addressed
the delegates and Fellows present in a speech which recounted
the part he had been able to take 50 years before. Again, in 1909
he attended—and was the central figure of the occasion—the
celebration by the University of Cambridge of the centenary of the
irth of Darwin.

he was laid to rest on Friday, December 15. The funeral sed
place from the house so long occupied by his father and himself.
A the mourners were the following members of Sir Joseph’s
family, “feprecctituevee of societies and institutions, and others :—
Lady Hooker, Miss Hooker, Mr. W. H. Hooker, Mr. C. P., Mrs.,
and Mr. E. Hooker, Mr. R. H. Hooker, Mr. R.S. Hooker, Sir W. T.
Thiselton- yet Miss Thiselton-Dyer, Mr. G. a Thiselton-Dyer,
Mrs. Whitfield, Mrs. Calverley Bewicke, Mr. R. Woodward, Mr.
R. Woodward, junr., Rev. Canon Barker, Mr. G. Barker, Mr. L.
Barnard, Mrs. Crowder, Mr. M. Malleson, Mr. J. Murray, Miss
3 Palgrave, Mrs. Paul Waterhouse, Capt. A. L. Henslow,
Miss Symonds, Mr. R. Symonds, Miss M. Smith, Sir Arthur
and Lady Riicker, Mr. T. Matkalyate Mr 1 A. Rising, Dr. Trail,
Rev. A. G. Musgrave, Mr. M. Pitkin; the pee from The Camp,
Sunningdale ; Raval Society : Sir A. G e (President), J
J. Larmor and Sir J. R. Bradford ar tacics), Lt.-Col. A. V
Alcock (Council), and Prof. Bayley Balfour, Regius Keeper
of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh ; Society of An .
quaries: Dr. C. H. Re “ President) einasat Society :
H. Scott (President), Dr. B. D. 5 a and Dr. Q. Stapf
(Secretaries) a oe Society : Prof. W. W. Watts (President)
and Pro Judd (Past-President) ; Royal Geographical
Sonat - re W. E. Darwin and Lt.-Col. H. H: Godwin-Austen ;
British Seience Guild : Sir Norman and Lady Lockyer ; Entomo-
logical Society : Prof. R. Meldola; British Medical Association :
. A. Peake; Royal Horticultural Society : Sir D. Morris ;
Pharmaceutical Society: Mr. E. H. Holmes ; Raives sity of Glas-
gow: Prof. F. O. Bower; Natural History Museum: Mr. E. G.
Baker ; West Indies: Mr. W. Fawcett ; Royal Botanic Gardens,
Kew: The Director and Assistant Director, with all the members
of the permanent staff, and with detachments representing the
constabulary and the labour departments ; Miss Baker, Mr. A. E.
PE rs. Bliss, Prof. G. S. Boulger, Mr. J. Britten, Mr. C. H.
Curtis, Prof. Sir G. H. Darwin, Hon. Mrs. H. Darwin, Dr. F.

22242 B

18

Darwin, Mr. G. C. Druce, Mr. J. R. Drummond, Miss A. Eastwood,
oe in S. and Mrs. Gamble, Mr. W. Goldring, Mr. G. Gordon,

A.C. L. Giinther, Mr. R. W. T. Giinther, Mr. F. Giinther, Mr.
Ww B. Hemsley, Mr. A. Henry, Mrs. Judd, Mrs. de Courcy Laffan
(representing Lady F ate Surgeon-Gen. Lock and Mrs. Lock,
Mr. A. H. Lyell, Capt. F. H. Lyell, Rev. J. B. and Mrs.
McClellan, Miss Mead, Prof. D. Oliver and Mrs. Oliver, Prof.
Ew: vans Mr. R. Hooper Pearson, Mrs. Prain, Mrs. D. H.
Scott, Mrs. W. Sharpe, Mr. ‘age Stapylton, Lieut.-Col. Strachey,
Mrs. and Miss Thurston, Mr. F. A. Turner, Mr. H. J. Veitch,
Prof. S. H. Vines, Dr. F. N. Willis, Dr. R. W. Wilson, Miss
Wrigley, Miss Younghusband, Mrs. Borlase, Mrs. and Miss Fitch,
Miss Garden, Mrs. Goldney, Mr. L. Huxley, Miss B. Kent, Miss
Peel, Miss M. Smith, Miss F. Smith, Mr. and Mrs. Soltau, Mrs.
Tyndall. Among those who expressed their regret at being pre-
ied by circumstances from mae present were Mr.: W. and
Mrs. Gardiner, Mr. M. Horner, Sir E. Ray Lankester and Prof,
J. W. H. Trail.

List oF WORKS BY THE LATE Sir JOSEPH HOOKER.

1837.

Se semilamellatum, Grimmia vee pase Roylei,
spp. (Hook. Ic, Pl. 1837, vol. ii. t. 194.)

1840.

Musei Indici ; or list of Mosses collected in the East Indies by

r. Wallich (by W. ne Harvey); to which are added those

collegted by Dr. Royle in the northern part — es (by
J.D. H.). (Hook. Journ. Bot. 1840, vol. ii. pp. 1

aa aa towards a Flora of Van Diemen’s fat chiefly

from the collections of Ronald Gunn, Esq., and the late

ae Lawrence. (Hook. Journ. Bot. 1840, vol. ii. pp. 399-

Bickacthetes Seg bee E. _Mathewsir, EF. latifolius, nn. spp.
(Hook. Ic. Pl. 1840, vol. iii. t. 245); Tridontium tasmannicum,
n. sp. (t. 248) ; Stackhousia flava, n. sp. (t. 269); Boronia
nana, n. sp. (t. 270); Stenopetalum Ss n. sp. (t. 276) ;
Baeckia thymifolia, B. prostrata, B » PaaS nn. spp. (t. 284) ;
Myriophyllum nen dae are n. sp. (t. 289) ; Goniocarpus ser-
cape. n. sp. (t. 290); Claytonia ree n. Ss
(t. 293); Calandrinia ae n, sp. (t. 2 ; Epilobium
Sap atu . sp. (t. 297); Baeckia seni a > sp . (t. 298)
Milligania cordifolia, n n, sp. (t. 299); Caldasia Santen n. Sp.
(t. 300).

1841.
Xanthosia dissecta, nu. sp. (Hook. Ic. Pl. 1841, vol. iv. t. 302) ;
Hydrocotyle cordifolia, un. sp. (t. 303) ; Didiscus humilis, n. sp.
(t. a ‘Cee Brownii, 0 . sp. (t. 306); Dédiseus pilosus
(t. 307) ; Leptospermum rupestre, ny spe dh oie i
micrantha (t. 309) ; Tillaea macrantha, n. sp. (t.
carpus vernicosus, 0. Sp. (t 311); Hydrocotyle sett ‘Ct 312) .

19

1842,

On the examination of some fossil wood from Macquarie Plains,
Tasmania. (Tasmanian Journ. Nat. Sci. 1842, vol. i. p. 24.)

1843.

Notes on the Botany of H.M. discovery ships “Erebus” and
“Terror,” in the Antarctic Voyage; with some account of the
Tussac Grass of the Falkland Islands. (By W. J. Hooker,
from letters of J. D. H.) (Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot, 1843,
vol, ii. pp. 247-329.) Reprint. London, 1843.

1844,
The Botany of the Antarctic Voyage of H.M. discovery ships

“Erebus” and “Terror” in the years 7 ig 1843, under the
command of Captain Sir James Clark s—

Part I. Flora antarectica. London, 1844-1847. 2 vols., xii.
+ 574 pp. 198 pl.

(Pp. 289-302 translated in Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, Bot. 1846,
vol. v. pp. 193-225, pl. 5-9.)

Part LI. Flora Novae-Zelandiae. Vol. i., Flowering Plants.
London, 1853-1855. xxxix. + 312 pp., pl. 1-70.—Vol. in,
Flowerless Plants. 1855. 378 pp. pl. 71-130. _ 4to.

Introductory Essay, pp. i—xxxix. reprinted, London, 1853.
(Analysis of the Introductory Essay, pp. ti.-xxxvi. by A. Gray
in Amer. Journ. Sci. Arts, 1854, ser. 2, vol. xvii. pp. 241-252,
334-350.

Part III. Flora Tasmaniae. Vol. i. eee: Lenco,
1855-1860. cxxvili. + 18 + 359 pp., pl.
pega peat eee and Acotyledones. 1860. 422 PP pl. iol.

clapasinotery Essay, pp. i-cxxviii. reprinted, London, 1859.
Pp. i.—xxix., ¢.-ev. reprinted 3 in Amer. Journ, Sci. Arts, 1860,
vol. xxix. pp. 1-25, 305-326; pp. i.-xxvi. translated in Oecsterr.
Bot. Zeitschr. 1861, vol. xi. pp. 65-81, 118-128, 155-167.)
Some ar of a new Elaeodendron from New Zealand. (Hook.
. Journ. Bot. 1844, vol. iii. pp. 228-230, pl. 8.

Caienaue of the names of a Collection of Plants made by Mr. Wm.
Stephenson, in New Zealand. (Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844,
vol, iii, pp. 411-418.)

Hepaticae Antarcticae ; being characters and brief descriptions of
the Hepaticae discovered in the southern circum oe te regions

during We voyage of H.M. discovery shi rebus ” and
ee ” (By J.D. se Bea os Taylor.) (Hook. Lond, Journ.
Bot. 1844, vol. iii. pp. 4 80.)

Notes on das Gidler To aly Gunnii). (Hook. Lond. Journ.
Bot. 1844, vol. iii. pp. 496-5

Musci Antarctici ; being Herssaiee with brief co wibaeal of the
new species of Mosses discovere during the vo

cumpolar cata together with those of Tasmania and
D.H, and W. agen) (Hook, Lond. Tou own

22242 B 2

20

Je, H. and T. Taylor.) (Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844,
vol. iii. pp. 556-582.)
Lichenes ang ; being characters and brief descriptions of the
ens discovered in the southern circumpolar regions,
Van Diethien’s Land, and New Zealand, —_ the voyage of
H.M. discovery ships « Erebus” and “Terr (By J.D. H.
and ae Taylor.) (Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, vol. iii.
pp. 634-658.)

Lomaria Colensez n. sp. (Hook. Ic. Pl. 1844, vol. vii. t. 628);
Myrius pedunculata, n. sp. (t. 629); Fagus ‘fusca, 0 . Sp. (tt. 630,
yr Callizene parviflora, n. sp. (t. 632) ; Loranthus Colensoi,

n. sp. (t. 633); Ranunculus macropus, n. sp. (t. 634) ; Gentiana
bellidifolia, . Sp. (t. 635); G. Grisebachii, n. sp. (t. 636); Fagus
Solandri, nu. sp. (t. 639): Veronica nivea, n. sp. (t. 640) ; 5
diffusa, 0. sp. (te 645); Fagus Menziesii, n. sp. (t. 652); F.
cliffortioides, n. sp. (t. 673); Stellaria decipiens, n. sp. (t. 680) ;
a confertifolium - 685); Cardamine corymbosa (t.
686.)

1845,
Hepaticae Antarcticae, supplementum ; or specific characters, with
ions, of some additional species of the Hepaticae
of the Antarctic regions, New Zealand, and Tasmania, together
with a few from the Atlantic Islands and New Holland. (By
J.D. H. and T. Taylor.) (Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1845,
vol. iv. pp. 79-97.)

On the Huon Pine, and on Mz hrys, a new genus of Coniferae
from Tasmania ; together with remarks upon the BE ce
distribution of that order in the Southern Hemisphere. (Hook

ond. Journ. Bot. 1845, vol. iv. pp. 137-157, pl. 6.)

Algae Aaternicady being characters and descriptions of the hitherto
unpublished species of Algae, discover ed in Lord Auckland’s
Group, Cisiipbell’s Island, Kergueien’s Land, Falkland Islands,
Cape Horn, and other circumpolar regions, during the syoyage
of H.M. discovery ships, “ Erebus” and “Terror.” (B
J. D. H. and W.H. Harvey.) (Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot.
1845, vol. iv. pp. 249-276, 293-298.)

Algae Novae Zelandiae ; being a catalogue of all the species of
Algae yet recorded as inhabiting the shores of New Zealand,
with characters and brief descriptions of the new species dis-
covered. ae the voyage of H.M. discovery ships “ Erebus ”

and “ Terror” ; and of others communicated to Sir W. Hooker

by Dr. Sinlate the Rev. W. Colenso, and M. Raoul. (By
J. D. H. and W. H. Harvey.) (Hook. a Journ. Bot.
1845, vol. iv. pp. 521-551 ; vk vil. pp. 443-4

On Fitchia, a new genus of arborescent Pesositas (Duib, Cichora-
ceae), from Elizabeth Island (lat. 26°, long. 125° W.), in the
South Pacific. (Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1845, vol. iv.
pp- 640-643, pl. 23, 24.)

21

Note on some marine animals, brought up by deep-sea dredging,
during the Antarctic Voyage of Captain Sir James C. Ros
(Ann. Nat. Hist. 1845, vol. xvi. pp. 238-239.)

Aralia polaris, (Hook, Ic. Pl. 1845, vol. viii. t. 747.)

1846,
Note on a fossil plant from the — River, South Africa. (Trans.
eol. Soc. 1846, vol. vii. p. 227.)

Description of Pleuropetalum, a new genus of Portulaceae, from the
Galapagos Islands. (Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1846, vol. v.
pp. 108-109, pl. 2

Description of a new genus of Compositae [Scleroleima], and a new
species of Plantago [P. Gunnit], from the mountains of Tas-
mania. (Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1846, vol. v. pp. 444-447,

1847,
J.C. Ross, A voyage of discovery and research in the Southern
and Antarctic Regions, during the years 1839-43, vol. i.
pp. 83-87, 144- raat 158-163 ; vol. ii. pp- 5-8, 261-277, 288—

302. London n,
Florae Tasmaniae Socio or Contributions towards a Flora
of iemen’s Land. (Hoo on ourn. Bot. 1847,

vol. vi. pp. 106-125, 265-286, 461 [bis}-479 [ bis].)

Botany of the Niger Expedition ; notes on Madeira plants. (By
W. J. Hooker and J. D. H.). (Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1847,
vol. vi. pp. 125-139.)

Description of a new species of Lysipoma, from the Andes of
Columbia. (Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1847, vol. vi. pp. 286—
287, pl. 9a.)

Algae Tasmanicae being a catalogue of the species of Algae
collected on the shores “of Tasmania, with characters of 7
new ae (By J. D. H. and W. vi ay vey.) (Hoo
Lond. Journ. Bot. 1847, vol. vi. “Op. 397-417.)

1848.

On the diatomaceous vegetation of the Antarctic Ocean. (Brit.
Assoc. Rep. 1847 [1848], pt. 2, pp. 83-85.)

On the vegetation of the Carboniferous period, as compared with
that of the present day (Mem. Geol. Survey, 1848, vol. ii.
pp. 387-430; Edinburgh New Phil. Journ. 1848, vol. xly.
pp- 362-369; vol. xlvi. pp. 73-78; pp. 398-400 reprinted in
Amer. Journ, Sci. Arts, 1849, vol. viii. pp. 131-133.)

On some peculiarities in the structure of Stzgmaria. (Mem. Geol.
Survey, 1848, vol. ii. pp. 431-4

Remarks on the structure and affinities of some Lepidostrobi.
(Mem. Geol. Survey, 1848, vol. ii. pp. 440-456.)

Observations made when following the Grand Trunk Road across
the hills of Upper vee Paras-Nath, &c. in the Soane

22

Botanical mission to India. (Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1848,
vol. vii. pp. sec 268, 297-321 ; Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. 1849,
vol. i, pp. 1-14, 41-56, 81-89, 113-120, 129-136, 161-175,
226- 233, 974-20 301- 308, 331- 336, 337-344, 361 -370; 1850,
vol. ii. pp. 11-23, 52-59, 88-91, 112-118, 145- 151, 161- 173,
213-218, 244-249,

Letters to A. von Humboldt, 1848-1849. (Translated in Berghaus,
Zeitschr, fiir Erdk. vol. ix. p, 230; Berghaus, Geogr. Jahr b.

vol. i.)

1849.

The Rhododendrons of Sikkim-Himalaya. (Edited by W. J.
Hooker.) London, 1849-1851. 14 +7 pp., 30 pl. with
descriptive text. fol.

Notes, chiefly botanical, _— during an excursion from eo
to Tonglo. (Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1849, vol. xviii. pt.
pp. 419-446 ; pian Hort, Soc. "1852, vol. vii. pp. ee
Re eprint. Calcutta, 1849.

Flora nigritiana. (By J. D. H.and G. Bentham.) (W. J. Hooker,
Niger Flora, pp. 199-577, pl. 17-50. London, 1849. 8vo.)
Enumeration of the Plants of the Galapagos Islands, with og
tions of the new species. (Proc. Linn. Soc. 1849, vol.

6-279; Trans. Linn. Soc. 1851, vol. xx. pp. 163-234.)

Extract from a letter to Professor Wheatstone [on the temperature
of the soil in Egypt, &c.}. (Brit. Assoc. Rep. 1848 [1849],
pt. 2; pp. 17-19.)

1850.
Letter from Churra Poonji, Khasiah Hills. (Gard. Chron. 1850,

p. 694, 710.)
Webb and Berthelot, Histoire Naturelle des Iles Canaries, vol. iii.
pt. 3, 1836-1850, pp. 430-432.— Balanophoreae,

1851.

A fourth excursion to the passes into Tibet by the Donkiah Lah.
(Journ. Geogr. Soc. 1851, vol. xx. pp. 49-52, with map.)

On the physical character of Sikkim-Himalaya ; a letter to A. von
ig oy 1850. (Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. 1851, vol. iu.
pp- 2 -31,) Reprint, with sketch-map.

On the vegetation of the Galapagos Archipelago, as compared with
hat of some other tropical islands and of the continent of
America. (Proc. Linn. Soc. 1849, vol. i. pp. 313-314; Trans.
Linn. Soc. 1851, vol. xx. pp. 235-262.)

Report on substances as used as Food. (Report of Juries, Class III.,
Great Exhibition, London, 1851, pp. 123-162.)

1852.
Description of a new species of Amomum, from tropical West
Africa. (Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. 1852, vol. iv. pp. 129-130,
pl. 5; Pharm. Journ. vol. xii. pp. 192-194
On the a climate and vegetation of the temperate and cold regions of
Nepal and the es Mountains. (Journ,

23

Hort. Soc. 1852, vol. vii. pp. 69-131; Journ. Agric. Soc.
ane 1854, vol. vill. pp. 35-65, 73-95.) Reprint. London,

foe “of enquiry into the best mode of detecting vegetable sub-
stances mixed with Coffee for the purposes ‘of Adulteration,
ce. (By J. Lindley and J.D.H.) London, 1852. 8 + 13 pp.,
d.

dee . grap
Luminous plants. (Gard. Chron. 1852, p. 86.)

Fagus Gunnii, n. bg (Hook. Ic. Pl. 1852, vol, ix. t. 881); Carda-
mine radicata, n. sp. (t. 882) ; Rhododendron Lowii, n. sp.
(t. 883); A. ‘GePficillatumn (t. 884) ; R, rugosum, n. sp. (t. 885) 5
R. acuminatum, n. sp. (t. 886) ; R. ericoides, n. sp. (t. 887) ;
Nepenthes villosa, n. sp. (t. 888); Phyllocladus hypophylla, n. sp.
(t. 889) ; Rhododendron buxifolium, n. sp. (t. 890) ; Vaccinium
buxifolium, n. sp. (t. 891); V. coriaceum, n. sp. (t. 892) ; Lepto-
spermum recurvum, n. sp. (t. 893) ; pate ese ciliolata, n. sp.
(t. 894); Drapetes ericoides, n. sp. (t. 895) ; Drimys piperiia,
n. sp. (t. 896); Agalmyla ae n, sp. (t. 897); Leuco-
pogon lancifolius, n. sp. (t. 898).

1853.

On the ee and organic contents of ‘the “ Ludlow Bone
Bed,” e districts of Woolhope and May Hill. With a
note on “thie seed clikee bodies found in it. (By J. D. H. and
H. E. Strickland.) (Journ. Geol. Soc. 1853, vol. ix. pp. 8-12.)

On a new genus Ei bated and some new species of Tasmanian
plants. (Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. 1853, vol. v. pp. 296-300,

-9

Nate oa the occurrence of an eatable Nostoc in the Arctic Regions
and in the mountains of Central Asia. (Phytologist, 1853,
yol. iv. pp. 856-859 ; Proc. Linn, Soc. 1855, vol. ii. pp. 166-

“Lindley, the Vegetable Kingdom, ed. 3, 1853, pp. 88-90, 94.—
anophoraceae, Mystropetalinae.

Botantoa! Expedition to Oregon; a review. (Hook. Kew Journ.
Bot., 1853, vol. v. pp. 315-317.)

1854.

Himalayan Journals ; or notes of a naturalist in ene pant Sikkim
and Nepal Himalayas, oe Khasia mountain : Oo
1854, Vol. i, xviii. a 5 col. pl, 2 maps. Vol ii.

2. eink 1855. Vol.

ol.
Minerva 7a London, 1891, 1 vol., xxxii. + af 4 pp., 13 pl.,
2 maps.—Re-issue. London, 1905. 606
Notes on the fossil plants from Reading. (J ourn. Geol Soc, 1854,
vol, x. pp. 163-166.)
On a new species of Volkmannia (V. Morrisii). (Journ, Geol. Soc.
1854, vol. x. pp. 199-202.
On - structure and affinities of ae Bone (a fossil fruit of
coal-measures). (Proc 1854-55, vol, vii.
saps 28-31; Ann. Nat. Hist. 1854, vol. xiv. pp- 209-21 2.)

24

On the functions and structure of the rostellum of Listera ee
Phil. Trans. 1854, pp. 259-264 ; translated in Ann. Sci. N
1855, ser. 4, Bot., vol. iii. pp. 85-90

On some species of Amomum, collected in n Western Tropical Africa
by Dr. Daniell, Staff Surgeon. (Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. 1854,
vol. vi. pp. 289-297.) Reprint. London, 1854.

On Maddenia and Diplarche, new genera of Himalayan plants.
By J. D. H. and T. Thomson.) (Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. 1854,
vol vi. pp. 380-384, pl. 11-12.) Reprint. London, 1854.

Rhododendron anthopogon. (Gard. Chron. 1854, p. 182.)

On the a of impregnating sehen after the removal of the
stigma, (Gard. Chron. 1854, p. 6

Lomaria nigra (Hook. Toe PI. 1854, wil x. t. 960); Lycopodium
scarivsum, var. decurrens (t. 966) ; Lomaria vulcanica (t. 969) ; »
Asplenium adiantoides, var. Richardi ti 947) y ads adiantoides,
var. minus (t. 983); A. meres var. Chiensok (t. 984);
Cyathea Cunninghami, n. sp. (t. 9

1855.
Flora indica: being a systematic account of the plants of British
India, together with observations on the structure and affinities
of their natural gine and gener By J. D. H. and T.
Thomson.) Vol. i. [all published) Xvi. + 280 + 285 pp.,

2 maps. London, 1855. 8vo.
peo of Himalayan en ghieiy co me for the
« Fs Catheart ~:~: the plates . . “ee:
Fitch. London, 1855. iv. pp. 4 24 pl. with Hesariptire text,

fol.
On the structure of certain Limestone nodules enclosed in seams of
ituminous Coal, with a AE fees of some Trigonocarpons
contained in them. (By J. D. H. and E. W. Binney.) (Phil.

Trans. 1855, pp. 149-156.

On some minute seed vessels’ (Carpolithes ovulum, Brongniart) from
the Eocene beds of Lewisham. (Journ. Geol. Soc, 1855, vol.
xi. pp. 562-565.)

On some erin: seed-vessels (Folliculites Pot aaa Bronn) from
the me Tracey Coal. (Journ. Geol. Soc. 1855, vol. xi.
pp. 566-570

On Hodgsonia, Hook. fil. et is a new and remarkable genus

of Cucurbitaceae. (Proc. Linn. Soc. 1855, vol. ii. pp. 257-259.)

On some remarkable spherical exostoses developed on the roots of
various Species of Coniferae, (Proc. Linn. Soc. 1855, vol. ii.
pp. 335*-336*.)

On Decaisnea, a remarkable new genus of the tribe Lardizabaleae,
By J. . and T. Thomson.) (Proc. Linn. Soc. 1855,
vol. ii. pp. 349-351.

On Enkyanthus himalaicus and Cassiope selaginoides, two new
species of Himalayan Ericaceae. (By J. D. H. and T.
eee (Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. 1855, vol. vii. 9 124-

Pp:

On Chortodes, a subgenus of Flagellaria, 4 the Isle of Pines

e nD (Hook. iw Journ. Bot. 1855, vol. vii. pp.
. Pp
oe of seeds, (Gard. Chron, 1855, pp. 805-806.)

265

1856.

On the structure and affinities of Palavophorese (Trans. Linn.
Soc. 1856, vol. xxii. pp. 1-68, pl. 1

On three new species of Acro viremd, from Ceylon. (Hook. Kew
Journ. Bot. 1856, vol. viii. pp. 241-243.

Geographie Borst Raisonée . . . par M. Alph, de Candolle ;
a review (Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. 1856, vol. viii. pp. 54-64,
82-88, 112-121, 151-157, 181-191, 214-219, 248- -256).
Reprint, London, 1856

1857.
On some Collections of Arctic Plants, chiefly made by Dr. Lyall,
r. Anderson, Herr Miertsching, and Mr. Rae, during the

Expeditions in search of Sir John Franklin, under Sir John
Richardson, Sir Riward Belcher, and Sir Robert M‘Clure.
(Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot., 1857, vol. i. pp 114-124.)

On botany of Raoul Island, one of the Kermadec group in
e South Pacific Ocean. (Sc ourn. Linn. Soc., Bot., 1857, vol. i.
125-129.)

On the growth and composition of the ovarium of Siphonodon

celastrineus, Griffith, especially with reference to the subject
of its placentation. (Trans. Linn. Soc. 1857, vol. xxii. pp.
133-141, pl. 26.)
peg a of two new Dilleniaceous plants from New Caledonia
ropical eee (Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. 1857, vol. ix.
‘ip. 47- 49, pl. 1

On Retotpat tium, a ‘new genus of Leguminosae from New Zealand.
(Hook. Kew Assets Bot. 1857, vol. ix. pp. 176-177, pl. 3.)

On Br te aa a new genus of Himalayan Pict ioseds, (By
J. D. d T. Thomson.) (Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. 1857,
vol. ix. pp. ee 200, pl. 5.)

On ED rede a new genus of Sapindaceae, from New Caledonia.

Kew Journ. Bot. 1857, vol. ix. pp. 200-201, pl. 6.)

On three new Indian Scrophularineae, with description of Lancea,
gen. nov. (By J. D. H.and T. Thomson.) (Hook. Kew Journ.
Bot. 1857, vel ix. pp. 243-246, pl. 7, 8.)

On a new species of Diapensia, from ‘the Eastern rior ee (Hook.
Kew Journ. Bot. 1857, vol. ix. pp. 372-373,

British North American Exploring Expedition [additional Instruc-
tions]. (Hook, Kew Journ. Bot. 1857, vol. ix. pp. 216-219.)

1858.

Enumeratio plantarum Zeylaniae : an enumeration of Ceylon plants
descriptions of the new and little-known genera and
species, pe ages on their habitats, uses, native names, &c.
Be. . K. Thwaites, assisted by J. D. H.) London,

se settee vill. + 483 pp. 8vo
Bins ee, ad Floram Indicam : patie sketches of the natural
f s of Indian plants, with remarks on their distribution,
coer and affinities. qe: : . D. H. and T. Thomson.)
Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot., vol. ii, pp. 1-29, 54-103,
463 180 pl. 2; 1860, vol. iv. ae 106-187 5 1861, vol. v. pp. 128-

81.)
Coan nobile, n. sp. (Gard, Chron. 1858, p. 240.) oS

26

1859.

On the origin and development of the pitchers of at ot ne
an account of some new Bornean plants of that genus. (Tran
Linn. Soc. 1859, vol. xxii. pp. 415-424, pl. 69-74 ; cnuialatae
in Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 4, Bot., 1859, vol. xii. pp. 222-231,

On a new genus of Balanophoreae (Dactylanthus Taylori) from
New Zealand, and two new species of Balanophora (B. Har-
landi and B. Lowii). (Trans. Linn. Soc. 1859, vol. xxii.
pp. 425-427, pl. 75.)

1860.
The monstrous Begonia frigida at Kew, in relation to Mr. Darwin’s
“ Theory atural Selection.” (Ann. Nat. Hist. 1860,
vol. v. pp. 350 “852 =)

Vaccinium rugos sp. (By-. Db. H. and T. Thomson.)
(Gard. Cheam: "1860, p- 384.)

On the species of Cordyline now in cultivation from New Zealand

and Australia. (Gard. Chron. 1860, pp. 791-792 ; translated
in Belgique Horticole 1861, vol. xi. pp. 66-70.)

1861.

On Fropiera, a new Mauritian genus of calycifloral exogens, of
doubtful affinity. (Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot., 1861, vol. v
pp. 1-2, pl. 1

On Barteria, a new genus of Passifloreae, from the ie River.
Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot., 1861, vol. v. pp. 14-15, pl. 2.)

An account of the Plants collected by Dr. Walker fa " Greenland
and Arctic America during the Expedition of Sir Francis
i R.N., in a ae “Fox.” (Journ. Linn. Soc.,
Bot., 1861, ‘vol. v. pp. 79-88.)

Colonial ioe (Nat. Hist ‘Review 1861, pp. 255-266.)

1862.
Genera Plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus
servata definita. (By G. Bentham and J. D. H.) London,

1862-1883. 3 vols, 8vo. [For the jomt and separate work
of ve Ser see Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot., 1883, vol. xx.
pp. 304-308. ]

feet of the Floras of the Malayan Archipelago and of

ropical Africa, (Trans. Linn. Soc. 1862, vol. xxiii. pp. 155-
172, pl. 20-28.

Outlines of the distribution of Arctic plants. (Trans. Linn. Soc.
1862, vol. xxiii. pp, 251-348, with map; pp. 251-276 and 281-
309 ‘reprinted in an abridged form in Admiralty Arctic
Manual, London, aes Pp. 197-238.)

On three Oaks of Pales (Trans. Linn, Soc. 1862, vol. xxiii.
pp. 381-387, pl. 36-38, ).

On —~ vegetation of Clarence Peak, Fernando Po ; with Descri

tions of ts collected by Mr. Gustav Mann on the
igher parts ae that mountain. (Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot., 1862,

the Caden af Ye
On the Cedars o Lebanon, T eria, and India. ce
Hist. Hovey, 1862, PP. -18, pl. 1 3p)

a

27
1863.

On Welwitschia, a new genus of Gnetaceae. (Trans. Linn, Soc.
1863, vol. xxiv. pp. 1-48, pl. 1-14; translated in Flora, 1863,
pp 459- 464, 473-479, 489-496, 506- 510, 513-520 ; and in

iario de Lisboa, Jun. 2, 1863.)

On a new Heliconia with the habits of a Musa, sent from New
Grenada by Dr. A. Anthoine to the Royal ai Kew.
(Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot., 1863, vol. vii. pp. 68-69.)

Note on the embryo of “Ancistrocladus. (By J. D. H. and
G. Bentha i

vol. ii., ieilten: 1863.)
Enomeition of the Mountain Flowering Plants and Ferns .
of the Camaroons Mountains, of Clarence Peak, Fernando Po,
and of the Peak of San Thomé. (Burton: Abeokuta and the
Camaroons Mountains, vol. ii. BP. 270-277. London, 1863.)
A. F, Henslow, Cotton and the want of it. London, 1863. 19 pp.,
2 pl. 16mo. (Botanical sedeipuied by J.D. HD

1864. -
Handbook of the New Zealand Flora, &c. London, 1864-67.
15* + Ixvili. + 798 pp. 8vo
On the Plants of the Tempera ate Regions of the Cameroons
Mountains and Islands in the Bight of Benin; collected by
Mr. Gustav Mann, Government Botaniat. (Journ. Linn. Soc
Bot., 1864, vol. vii. pp. 171-240, pl. 1; pp. 171- 181 translated
in Peterman, Mitteilungen, 1865, pp. 22- —26.)
On the Genus uptelea, Sieb. & Zuce. (By J. D,. H. and
T. Thomson). (Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. 1864, vol. vii.
pp. 240-243, pl. 2.)
Note on oe replacement of species in the Colonies and elsewhere.
at. Hist. Review, 1864, pp. 123-127.
Epistephium Williamsii, n. sp. (Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 1864, t. 5485.)

1865.
Curtis’s Shame Magazine, comprising the Plants of the Royal
w and of other botanical establishments ee

Gilet Britain : ; with suitable descriptions. Vols. xci.cxxx.
London, 1865-1904, Mg 7991. 8vo. (Vols, cxxix—cxxx
assisted ‘by W. B. Hem ey.)

Catalogue of the oe “Aeecibuted at the Royal Gardens,
Kew . from the Herbaria of Griffith, Falconer, and
Helfer. London, 1865, 37 pp. 8vo.

Deseri oe pet on of a new genus pio of Secipeestinew from

By J. D. H. and T. Thomson). (Journ. Linn.
Soe., Bot., 1865, vol, viii. eg 11-12, pl. 4.)

On the identity of Pinus Peuce, Griseb., of Macedonia, with the
P. excelsa of the Himalaya Mountains. (Journ, Linn. Soc.,
Bot., 18 6b. vol, vill. pp. 145-14

Discovery 0 £ Asplenium viride, m New Brunswick. wl Hist.
Review, 1865, p. 150.)

28

1866.
Reports on the progress and condition of the Royal Gardens at
Kew during the years 1865-1882. London, 1865-1884. 8vo.
eke ott of some new and remarkable species of Aristolochia from

estern Tropical Africa: Aristolochia Goldieana, A, triactina,
. Mannii. (Trans. Linn. Soc. 1866, vol. xxv. pp. 185-188,

14,

Diskus on Insular Floras, delivered before the British Association
for the Advancement of Science at Nottingham, Aug. 27, 1866.
(Gard. Chron. recs PP. 6-7, 27, 50-51, 75-76 ; Journ. Bot.
1867, vol. v. pp. 2 translated in Ann. Sci. Nat. 1866,
ser. 5, Bot., vol. vi. Fa. eT 299.) Reprint. London, 1867.

1867.

Hooker’s cone Plantarum ; or figures, with descriptive characters
nd s, of new and rare plants, selected from the Kew
Sashacter Vor. xi.-xx., pt. 1. London, 1867-1890. tt. 1001-

1925. 8vo. (Editor and part author. >
Boott, Illustrations of the genus Carex. Part iv. London, 1867.

27-233, pl. 412-600. fol. (isdited hyd eet.

Martins, a Brasiliensis, vol. xiv. pt. ii., 1867, pp. 1-76, pl. 1-22.

On the ‘sivapsls for existence amongst plants. (Popular Sci.
Review, 1867, vol. vi. pp. 131-
Begonia Veitchii, n. sp. (Gard. Chron. 1867, p. 734.)

1868.
W. H. Harvey, The genera of South African plants. Ed. 2.
London, 1868. lii. + 483 pp. (Edited by J. D. H.)
Oliver, Flora of Tropical Africa :—
Vol. i, 1868, pp. 298-303.— Impatien
Vol. in, 1871, PP. res 464, 521- 580. — Melastomaceae, Cu-
curbitaceae, Begoniae
On and ae of ssid trees. (Canadian Naturalist, 1886,
- lil, pp. 453-457.)
1869.
Presidential Address to the British Association, Norwich, 1868.
(Brit. Assoc. Rep. 1868 [1869], pp. 58-70.)
On the true Fuchsia coccinea, Aiton. (Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot.,
1869, vol. x. pp. 458-461.)

1870.
The Students’ Flora of the British Islands. London, 1870. xx
504 d.2. Ib., 1878, xx. + 539 pp. Ed. Oo. Aes ies
xxii. + 563 pp. 8vo.
Nepenthes. plage 1870, vol. iti. pp. 147-148 ; Journ. Bot. 1871,
vol, ix. pp. 49-50.)
1871.
The ascent of the Great Atlas. (Proc. Roy. Geogr. Soc
vol, xv. pp. 212-221; Brit. Assoc. oe oe Ts71 [1872], ae pe
pp- 179-180.) Reprint. London, 18

29

The Admiralty Manual of Scientific Enquiry, ed. 4, article xv.
Botany, pp. 377-384. (By W. J. Hooker, revised by J. 12, Tt.)
ik.

18
Plants of the peninsula of Sinai (determined by D. Oliver).
(E. H. Palmer’s Desert of the Exodus, London, 1871.)

1872.
The Flora of British India. (By J. D. ae assisted by various
botanists.) London, 1872-1897. vols. 8vo. Editor

throughout ; author of the following Shar

Vol. I., 1872-1875. xl. + 740 pp. 5 adisinllacen, Dilleni-
aceae, Magnoliaceae, Anonaceae, Menispermaceae, Berberideae,
Nymphaeaceae, Papaveraceae, Fumariaceae (with T. Thomson) ;
Cruciferae (with T. Anderson) ; Big Meson Resedaceae, Viol-
aceae, Bixineae, Pittosporeae (with T. Thomson); Caryophylleae
(with M. P. Edgeworth) ; Lineae, pre ea te Zygophylleae,
Geraniaceae (excl. Balsamineae) (with M. P. Edgeworth) ;
ae tre Rutaceae, Chailletiaceae, Ilicineae.

Vol. II., 1876-1880. 792 +1 pp.—Sadbiaceae, Anacardi-
aceae, Coriarieae, Moringeae, Connaraceae, Rosaceae

Vol. III., 1880-1882. 712 pp.— Rubiaceae, Compositae,
Primulaceae, Apocynaceae.

Vol. IV., 1883-1885. 780 pp.—Asclepradaceae, Scrophulari-
aceae, Orobanchaceae, Selagineae, Labiatae, Plantagineae, Nycta-
gineae, Illecebraceae, Amar ah taceae.

Vol. V., 1886-1890. 910 pp.—Chenopodiaceae, Phytolace-
aceae, Polygonaceae, Podostemonaceae, Nepenthaceae, Cytinaceae,
Aristolochiaceae, Piperaceae, Chloranthaceae, Myristiceae, Moni-
pray Laurineae, Proteaceae, Thymelaeaceae, Elaeagnaceae,
, Euphorbiaceae, Urtic-

aceae (excl. Ficus et Artocar pus), Juglandeae, Myricaceae,
Casuarineae, Cupuliferae, Salicineae, Cerato dees coe
Coniferae, Hydrocharideae, Burmanniaceae, Orchide

Vo 1890-1894. 748 pp.—Orchideae, Piscaderiivene,
Irideae, Amaryllideae, Taccaceae, Dioscoreaceae, Roxburghiaceae,
Liliaceae, Pontederiaceae, Philydraceae, Xyridaceae, Coinanelini
aceae, Flagellarieae, Juncaccae ; Palmeae (with O. Beceari) ;
Pandarede, Ty phaceae, Aroideae, Lemnaceae, Triurideae, Alis-
maceae, Naiadaceae, Eriocauleae.

Vol. VIL., 1896-1897. 842 pp.— Gramineae (with O. Stapf
and J. S. Gamble).

Kew Gardens and the National Herbarium. (Nature, 1872, vol. vii.
_ pp. 45-46, 103.)

1873.

Le Maout and Decaisne, A General System of Botany, descriptive

aud analytical ; translated by Mrs. Hooker, with additions,

appendix and synopsis of Orioss by J.D. H. London, 1873.

xil. + 1066 pp. 4to.

D Candolle, Prodromus systematis naturalis, regni vegetabilis,
vol. xvii. 1873, pp. 90-116.—Nepenthaceae, Cytina aceae.

Hololachne Shawiana, nu. sp., Apocynum Hendersonii, n. e
Deyeuxia anthoxanthoides, n. sp. (Henderson and Hum

— 313,327,339, with plates, London, 1873.)

ia°)

30

On Melianthus Trimenianus, Hk. f., and the affinities of Greyia
Sutherlandi. (Journ. Bot. 1873, vol. xi. pp. 353-358, pl. 138.)

The Pwrwe of Honeydew. (Entomologist, 1873, vol. vi. pp-
463-

Potato Disease Answers to Circular addressed to Cultivators of
Potatoes i a = counties of Ross, Inverness, Nairn and Moray.
a ol. . Grant, with remarks by Prof. Church and

J. D, H.) lente [873. 8v0.

1874.

Address to the Depart. of Bot. and Zool. of the Brit. Assoc. at
Belfast, Aug., 1874.—The carnivorous habits of plants. (Brit.
Assoc. Rep. 1874 [1875], pp. 102-116 ; Nature, 1874, vol. x.
pp- 366-372; translated in sachoe Scientif. 1874, vol. vii. pp.
481-489.) Reprint. London, i

Notes on some plants from oie Sonnd collected by Dr. Bessels.
(A. H. Markham, A aling Cruise to Baffin’s Bay and the
Gulf of Boothia, p- 296. London, 1874. Reprinted in
Admiralty Arctic Manual, 1875, p. 321.)

1875.

On the subalpine vegetation of Kilima pt ae Ki. Africa. (Journ.
Linn. Soc., Bot., 1875, vol. xiv. pp. 141-146

On Hydnora americana, R. Br. (Journ. pan Soc., Bot., 1875,

vol. xiv. pp. 182-188.)

On the discovery of Phylica arborea, Thouats, a tree of Tristan
d’Acunha, in Amsterdam Island in the S. Indian Ocean ; with
an enumeration of the oe and vascular cryptogams

of that mens “eet of St. Paul. (Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot., 1875,
vol. xiv. pp. 4 ;

Observations on some ° Indian species of Garcinia. ~ (Journ. Linn.

Soc., Bot., 1875, vol. xiv. pp. 484-486.
Presidential address to the Royal Society, Nov., 1875.—The
scientific work of the year, &c. eer oe 5. 25 pp. (Proc.
. Soe. 1875 [1876], vol, xxiv. pp. 72-94.)
Instructions in Botany. (Admiralty Pe: Manual, 1875, Instruc-
tions, pp. 62-67.)

1876.

Botany. (Macmillan & Co.’s Science Primers.) we 1. London,
Feb. 1876; reprinted Nov. 1876. Ed. 2. 1877; reprinted
1878, 1879, 1880, 1881, June 1883, Oct. 1883, May 1884,
Oct. 1884, 1885. Ed. 3. 1886; reprinted 1887, 1888, 1890,
1892, 1894, 1897, 1900, 1904, 1909. 16mo. Portuguese trans-
lation from the second English edition. (By J. A. Henriques.)
Porto e Braga, 18

Kyidences of scents elacion in central France. (Nature, 1876,

vol. xiii. Post
Presidential ies = the re Society, Nov., 18thy-The
scientific work of the yea London, 1876. 27 pp. ¢

Roy. Soe. ere Ts7 7, woh ry: pp. 339-362.)

31

1877.
Notes on the botany of the Rocky ee a — eee ds
vol. xvi. pp. 539-540; Amer. Journ. Sci. 7. vol. xiv. pp.

p-
aa Archives Sci. Phys. Nat. 1878, at Ixiii. oa 240-

Presidential address to the Royal Society, Nov. “. 1877.—The
scientific work of the year, &c. London, or 6 26 pp. (Proc.
Roy. Soc. 1877 [1878], vol. xxvi. pp. 427-4

1878.

Journal of a tour in Marocco and the Great Atlas. (By OD), Edy
and John Ball.) London, 1878. xvi. + 499 pp., 8 pl, 1 pa.
8vo. [Includes the following appendices by JR. o,

D. On some of the economic plants of pat ag PP: 386- 404 ;

E. On the Canarian Flora as compared wit e Maroccan,

pp. 404-421; F. Comparison of the Maroccan Fi foi with that

of the Mountains of Tropical Africa, pp. 421-423.]

. S. Nares, Narrative of a Voyage to the Polar Sea during

whee 76 in H.M. ships “ Alert” and “ Discovery,” vol.
appendix xiv., Botany, pp. 301-310. London, 1878. 8vo,

The distribution of the North American Flora. (Proc. Roy.
Instit. 1879, vol. viii. pp. 568-580 ; Gard. Chron. 1878, vol. x.
pp- 140-142, 216-217 ; translated in Ann. Sci. Nat. 1878,
ser. 6, Bot., vol. vi. pp. 318-339.) Reprint. London, 1879.

13 pp. 8vo.

Presidential address to the Royal Society, Nov., 1878.—The
scientific work of the year, &c. London, 1878. 28 pp. (Proc.
Roy. Soc. 1878 [1879], vol. xxviii. pp" 43-63 ; Nature, 1878,
vol. xix. pp. 109-113, 132-135.)

1879.
Observations on the botany of oe Island. (Phil. Trans.
1879, vol. clxviii. pp. 9-23, p
Epipactis "jellebarins. (Bot. Gas. 1879, “vol. iv. p- 225.)

1880.
On the Some. of a variety of cedar of Lebanon on the mountains
with letter thereupon by Sir Samuel Baker, F.R.S.
_ (Journ ene Necro Bot., 1880, vol. xvii. pp. 517-519.
W. Smith, A Dictionary of the Bible, ed. 5. London, 1880. 8vo.
( Botanical articles by J. D. H.)

1881.
ee sae to the Geogr. Sect. of the Brit. Assoc. at P diet
Sept. 1, 1881.—On geographical distribution. (Brit.

nie 1881 [1882], pp. 727-738; Nature, 1881, vol. xxiv. ee

N Ties on Sc plants. — = Markham, A Polar Reconnaissance,
App. A. London, 1

Drosera spatulata, (Gard. fo 1881, vol. xvi. p. 8

Begonia socotrana, Jasminum gracillimum, Nepenthes ‘Norshenl nn,
spp. (Gard, Chron. 1881, vol. xv. pp. 8-9; vol. xvi, p, 717.)

32

The Compass Plant. (Gard. Chron, 1881, vol. xv. p. 74. Re-
printed from Bot. Mag. t. 6534.)

1882.

The vegetation of the Rocky Mountain region and a comparison
with that of fa parts of the world. (By J. D. H. and Asa
Gray.) (Bull. U.S. Survey 1882, vol. vi. pp. 1-62.)

On Dyera, a new genus of rubber-producing plants belonging to the
natural order Apocynaceae, from the Malayan Archipelago.
(Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot., 1882, vol. xix. pp. 291-293.

On some undescribed and imperfectly known Indian Species of
Primula and Androsace. (By George Watt, revised by
J. D. H.) (Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot., 1882, vol. xx. pp. 1-18,
pl. 1-18.)

1884.

Royal Gardens, Kew. Official Guide to the Museums of Economic
Botany. No. 1. Dicotyledon and Gymnosperms. London,
1883 [1884]. 153 pp. 8vo.

Tropical African Mountain Flora. (Nature 1884, vol. xxx. p. 635.)

Notes on the Flora of Parasnath. (By C. B. Clarke, with an
introductory note by J. D. H.) (Journ. Linn, Soc., Bot., 1884,
vol, xxi. pp. 252-255.)

1885.

Royal Gardens, Kew. Official Guide to the Royal Botanic
Gardens and Arboretum. Ed. “29” [z.e. 30]. London, 1885.
184 pp. 8vo.

1886.

The manga Manual of Scientific pe ed. 5, Article xiv.

any, pp. 418-432. London,

On ne Castilloa elastica of Coreen ge some allied Rubber-
yielding Plants. (Trans, Linn. Soc., Bot., 1886, ser. 2, vol. ii.
pp. 209-215, pl. 27-28.)

The scan Larch. (Gard. Chron. 1886, vol. xxv. p. 718,

The Penilassa Silver Fir (Abies Webbiana). (Gard. Chron, 1886,
vol. xxv. p. 788, figs. 174, 175.
The aera Sa Hemlock Spruce (Tsuga brunoniana). (Gard.
Chron. 1886, vol. xxvi. p. 72.
The Sten of the e Rocky Mountain Region ; a review. (Nature,
86, vol. xxxiii. pp. 433-435.
A Sketch of the Flora of South Africa ; a review. (Nature, 1886,
vol. xxxiv. pp. 77-79.)

1887.
a Handbook of the British Flora. Editions 5-8. London,
887-1908. 8vo. (Revised by J. D. H.

On Hydrothris, a new genus of Pontederiaceae. (Ann. Bot. 1887,
vol. i. pp. 89-94, pl. 7.)

Anniversary dinner of the Sage Society, 1887. Reply to the
—— ‘ - “The Medallists.” G oucester 1887. 14 pp.
vo.

33

1888.
The | sty Horticultural Society, (Gard, Chron, 1888, oval iii,

1889,
Pachytheca, (Ann, Bot, 1889, vol, iii, pp. 135-140, pl. 8.)

1890.
Indian Orchideae. (Hook. Ic. Pl. 1890, vol. xxi. tt. 2001-2050 ;
1891, tt. 2051-2075; 1892, tt. 2076-2100; 1892, vol. xxii.
tt, 2101- 2125 ; 1893, tt. 2126-2175; 1894, tt. 2176-2200 ;
1894, vol. xxiv. tt. 2317-2322, 2334, 2
Fologtam on Robert Brown. (Proc. coe Soc. 1890, pp. 54-67.)

1892.

Juncus teat apse n. sp. (Hook, Ic. Pl-A892, volj-2<xiii;
3; J. stkkimensis, n, sp. (t. 2235).

1893,
Index a ne plantarum pais 2 alc ad annum
18 sumptibus beati C. R. Dar arwin, ductu et consilio

J. D. Hooker, “‘ohtoutt B. D. Jackson. Oxford, 1893-1895,
2 vols. 4to.
1895.
A Century of Indian Orchids. oe Bot. Gard, Caleutta, 1895,
vol. v. pt. 1, pp. 1-68, pl. 1-10
David Lyall, M.D.; an Shiga notice. (Journ. Bot, 1895,
vol, xxxili. pp. 209-211.)

1896.
Journal of the Right Hon. Sir Joseph Banks during Captain
Cook’s first voyage. (Hdited ts J. rt H.) London, 1896.

lii. + 466 pp., 2 portraits, 4 ma
Tschnochloa Faleoneri, n, gen. et sp. LOK: ‘Te. Pl. 1896, vol. xxv.
66.)

1898.

continued = Jo), Ui; fe Partiv. London, 1898. iii, + 384 pp-
Partv. 1900. 477pp.,2 maps, 8vo. Plates 76-100, 1898.
4to.

1901.
[Speech at] the opening of the new Botanical Department at the
Glasgow University. (Ann. Bot. 1901, vol. xv. pp. 551-555.)
Rey. a oe Colenso. 1811-1899 ; obituary notice, Si
Roy. Soc. Lond. 1901, pp. 191- 194 ; Proc. Roy. Soc, Lond.
1904, vol. Ixxv. pp. 57-60.)
1902.
A sketch of the life and labours of Sir William Jackson Hooker
with portrait [and bibliography]. (Ann, Bot. 1902, vol. xvi,
pp. ix-cexxi.).

29942 = C

34

1904.
The ee Gazetteer of India, ed. 3, vol. i. chap. 4, Botany,
p. 157-2 Oxford, 1907. — Advance ede. entitled “ ‘A
sketch of ‘the flora of British India.” London, 1904. 55 pp.
8vo. Introduction etc. reprinted i in Journ. Bot. 1904, vol. xli.
bp. 221- mil with portrait of author.—Reprint. Oxford, 1906.

An ee af “the British Indian species of Impatiens. (Rec. Bot.
Surv. India, 1904-1906, vol. iv. pp. 1-58, 8, and index.)

On the species of Impatiens in the Wallichian herbariun of the

innean Society. (Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot., 1904, vol. xxxvil.
pp. 22-32.)
1906.

Premature shedding of leaves of Scots pine. (Gard. Chron. 1906,

vol. xl. p. 278

amie (G75.
George Bentham ; a review. (Kew Bull. 1906, pp. 187-188.)

1908.

Les espéces du genre Impatiens dans Vherbier du Muséum de Paris.
(Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 1908, ser. 4, vol. x.
pp. 233-272, pl. 2-6.)

Asiatic species of Impatiens. (Hook. Ic. Pl. 1908, vol. xxix.
tt. 2851-2875 ; 1910, vol. xxx. tt. 2301-2325 ; 1911, tt. 2951-—
2975.) :

1909.

On some species of Impatiens from Indo-China and the elias
Peninsula. (Kew Bull. 1909, pp. 1-12.

A review of the known Philippine Islands species of Impatiens.

(Kew Bull. 1909, pp. 282-289.)
Impatiens Hawkeri. (Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 1909, t. 8247.)

1910.
New Impatiens from China. (Kew Bull. 1910, pp. 269-275.)
Indian species of Impatiens. -Generis Impatiens species indicae
~ novae et minus rite boguitas a cl, A. Meebold detectae. (Kew
Bull. 1910, pp. 291-300.)
Impatiens Hubertis, I. orthosepala, I, Winkleri, nn. spp. (Kew Bull.
76.)

1910, pp. 74-7
131t,
Lecomte, Flore générale de V'Indo-Chine, 1911, vol. i. pp. 611-
629.— Balsaminaceae.
On the Balsaminaceae of the Siate of Chitral. (Kew Bull. 1911,
pp. 209-211.)

On some species of Impatiens from the Malayan Peninsula: II.
(Kew Bull. 1911, pp. 249-250, with plate

Indian species of Inpatiens. On some Western Peninsular Indian
Balsamineae collected by Mr. A. Meebold. (Kew Bull. 1911,

an
eee

pp. 353-356.) ; — ! 2
Impatiens Herzogii. (Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 1911, t. 8396.)

35

IL—DECADES KEWENSES

PLANTARUM NovaruM IN HerBARIO Hort Reait
CONSERVATARUM.

DECADES LXIII.-LXIV.

‘A

€%°2 621. Berberis (Sinenses) Stapfiana, C. Schneider [Berberidaceac] ;
affinis B. subcaulialatae, C. Schneider, sed ab ea differt foliis mino-
ribus, fructibus ellipticis minoribusque; a B. Wilsonae, Hemsley,

et B. Fineti, C. Schneider, ramulis glaberrimis diversa.
rutex parvus, glaberrimus, ramosissimus ; rami fructiferi nigro-
purpurascentes vel nigrescentes, divaricati, plus minusve angulati ;
spinae normales, 3-fidae, graciles, acutissimae, brunnescentes, subtus
distincte sulcatae, mediae ad 1°3 em. longae, laterales vix minores.

vel paullo pruinosa, distincte papillosa, utrinque distincte anguste
reticulata, minora 7 : 2, majora ad 22: 4-5 mm. magna, in petiolum ©
brevissimum attenuata. Inflorescentiae quam folia majora breviores,
fasciculato-racemosae, 4-7-florae, leviter pruinosae. Pedicelli 3-4

longi, basi bracteis duobus late ovatis acutis 6 mm. longis

a.
Crna. Grown at Kew from a plant received from Les Barres,
Vilmorin, No. 4039; from seeds from the Arnold Arboretum,
Jamaica Plains, Mass., Wilson, 1284 (seed number); and from
Messrs. Veitch & Sons, Welson, 1560.

The above description was drawn up by Dr. Schneider from a
specimen of Vilmorin, 4039, sent to him from Kew, where it was

ance, and it looks very like B. subcaulialata, C. Schn., but this
species has somewhat larger leaves and globose fruits. B. Wilsonae,
B. aggregata and B. Fineti differ from the new one by distinctly
puberulous branches and in some other respects. B. elegans,
C. Schn., recedes by its stalked corymbs and different reticulated
leaves.

622, Decaschistia rufa, Craib [Malvaceae-Hibisceae]; D. crotoni-
foliae,Wight et Arn., affinis sed indumento ramulorum rufo foliorum
pagina inferiore longiore, bracteolis majoribus, seminibus vix glabris
recedit.

Ramuli apice dense rufo-hirsuti, dein pallidiores, minutissime
tomentelli. olia subrotundata, ovato-elliptica, elliptica vel
oblongo-elliptica, apice breviter acuminata, acuta vel subobtusa,

22242 C2

D\
q {

gyxor

36

basi rotundata, subcordata, 3-10 cm. longa, 1°5-7 em, lata, coriacea,
supra breviter molliter stellato-pubescentia, subtus densius fulvo-
pubescentia, margine dentata, crenato-serrata vel denticulata, e basi
5-nervia duobus inferioribus minus conspicuis, nervis secondariis
e costa ortis) utrinque circiter 4 supra subconspicuis subtus
prominentibus, nervis transversis supra plerumque leviter impressis
subtus prominulis ; petioli 0°5-3 cm. longi, indumento ut in ramulis ;
stipulae deciduae. Pedicelli in fructu validi, ad 2°4 cm. longi, indu-
mento ut in ramulis. Bracteolae basi plus minusve connatae,
acuminatae, subacutae, ad 1 cm. iongae et 4 mm, latae, indumento
extra ut in _ intra parcius appresse pubescentes. Calyx
infructescens 1°5 cm. longus, lobis late triangularibus acuminatis
obtusiusculis ad 1 em. longis 0°6 em. latis conspicue nervatis, extra
indumento ut in ramulis, intra superne tenuiter appresse pubescens.
Corolla circiter 6 cm. longa. Tubus staminalis circiter 2 cm.
longus, filamentis ad 2 mm. longis glabris. Capsula calycem vix
aequans, dense hirsuta; semina fusca, ad 5 mm. longa, parcissime
brunneo-pilosula.—D. erotonifolia, Masters in Fl. Brit. Ind., vol. i.
p- 332 in part, vix Wight et Arn

Inpia. Pen. Ind. Or. : eric precise locality, Herb. Rottler,
et Wall, Cat. 196 in part. ? Madras, Tiruvallur, Kumbakkam
Drug, Cleghorn in Herb, Foulkes.

623. Rubus eee ee Duthie [Rosaceae - Rubeae]; _affinis
R.triantho, Focke, sed foliorum facie inferiore pallide viridi, non
alba, floribus siiieeatiane aealore. caulium vetustiorum robustioribus

et magis curvatis differt ; etiam . inciso, Thunb. comparandus, sed
foliis ovato-lanceo latis, paniculis 3-4-floris, haud unifloris, recedit.
scandens, fate ORS glaber, calycis loborum facie
interiore excepta. Caules et ramuli primarii nigro-purpurei, glabri
et saepius glaucescentes, juniore rubri, aculeis plerumque cur-.
vatis. Folia simplicia, petiolata; lamina 3°8-7 em. longa et
2°5-5 cm. lata, ovato-lanceolata, acuminata, interdum subtrilobata,
basi cordata, rarius rotundata, subtus pallide viridia, marginibus
inaequaliter inciso-serratis, costa et nervis primariis subtus promi-
nentibus rubro coloratis sparse aculeatis. lores in paniculas laxas
3-4-floras terminales dispositi, 1°3-1‘9 mm. diametro, pedicellis
gracilibus, 1°3-2°5 cm. longis; bracteae anguste lanceolatae,
deciduae. Calyx extra glaber, nigro-purpureus, tubo hemispherico,

reflexis intus albo-sericeis. Corolla alba; petala 6-12 mm. nee
eflexa, conduplicata, marginibus undulatis. Ovarium glabrum
stylo a sim sericeo, receptaculo pubescenti. Carpella matura
glabra, putamine reticulato,

Centrat Cuina. Mountains of N.W. Hupeh, £. H. Jilson,
4,

624. Rubus Wilsonii, Duthie [Rosaceae-Rubeae]; species ex affini-
tate R. inoperti, Focke, a quo foliis 1-2-jugis et calyce extra brunneo-
purpureo rec

Frutex scandens. Caules teretiusculi, spinosissimi, brunneo-
purpurei, glaucescentes ; ramuli rahe Jrmties eubeocpurpmret,
glauci, angulis praesertim i subalati olia pinnatim

oe usque ad 15 em, longa, poate thachique aculeis ‘pancis

37

gracilibus armatis ; foliola membranacea, grosse duplicato-serrata,
supra rugosa, saturate viridia, glabra, subtus pallidiora, basi plus
minusve cordata, costa subtus sparse aculeata, ne rvis rimariis
6-8-jugis sursum paullum arcuatis; foliola iutcsalis subsessilia,
4—5 em. longa, inaequaliter ovata, acuta vel acuminata; foliolum
terminale late ovatum vel suborbiculare, supra medium interdum
leviter trilobatum, basi rotundata vel subcordata ; stipulae oblique
lanceolatae, acuminatae, glabrae. ores in fasciculos axillares et
terminales breves poulou ss dispositi ; fasciculi terminales 4—5-flori,
axillares 2-3-flori ; pedicelli 0°6-1°3 cm. longi, glabri, saepe paucis
parvis aculeis ameter ; bracteae 3- 6 mm. longae, cymbiformes,
glabrae. Calyx extra valde signees pl gee slaber, intus dense
albo-sericeus ; lobi ovati, apice cuspidati, reflexi, marginibus obtec-

lata, purpurea, marginibus erosis. Carpella Zoos Xe pilosi.
ENTRAL Cuina. Mountains of Hupeh, £. H. Wilson.

The above description ee prepared from living specim
supplied by Messrs. J. Vei & Sons, which had been rail
Ls them from seed sent to eR by Mr. Wilson from China in

1901

urd 625. Cyananthus ee Duthie [Campanulaceae-Campanu-
leae]; affinis C. unculato, C. B. Clarke, sed foliis basi cordatis,
marginibus crenatis

Herba perennis. " Caules 14-27 om. longi, sparse pilosi vel glabri,
basi prostrati et interdum ramulis sterilibus ex ax xillis inferioribus
productis. Folia sessilia, 1-1°5 longa et *8—"9 cm. lata, triangulari-
ovata, obtusa vel subacuta, supra glabra vel sparse pilosa, infra
constanter albo-pilosa, basi cordata, marginibus crenatis revolutis ;
folia ramulorum sterilium multo minora, elliptico-ovalia, subintegra,
basi rotundata, rarius obscure cordata, Flores aia 5-meri,
pedunculss 1-1°5 em. longis nigro-villosis. Calyx 1°5-2 em. longus

ere ad medium divisus, pilis nigris longis Sieedettints ; Le lanceolati,
acuti, apice saepius reflexi. Corolla coerulea, glabra, 2°5-3 cm.
longa, ad mediam divisa ; lobi apice rotundati.

HIMALAYA. Western Nepal: Nampa Gadh, circa 3350 m.,
Duthie, 5730, N. Kumaon: Kutti Yangti Valley, circa 3960 m.,
Duthie, 3114.

626. rings GV uleares) Julianae, C. Schneider, Ul. Handb.
Laubholzk., vol. ii. p. 777, Dec. 1911, sine diag. lat. [Oleaceae] ;
affinis S. pubesce it Turez. sed oliis minoribus etiam supra
puberulis brevius petiolatis, floribus minoribus, antheris paulo infra
faucem corollae tubo insertis differt.

Fruter ut videtur breviter denseque ramosus. Ramuli usque
annum secundum plus minusve pubescentes, deinde glabri, cine-
rascentes. Folia ramulorum floriferorum ovalia, me apiceque acuta
vel subacuta, supra viridia, plus minusve pu ubtus pallidiora,
eee (praesertim ad nervos) pubescentia, 2° < a 3 cm. longa et

3 ata; petioli 3-5 mm. longi, puberuli. Inflorescentiae
ate parvae, ad ‘Gem. longae, modo ramulorum pubescentes, erectae ;
pedicelli puberuli, brevissimi. Flores albo-rosei ; tubus circa 6 mm.
longus ; laciniae corollae 2-2°5 mm. longae, subacutae, explanatae ;
calyx glaber, violaceus, laciniae brevissimae, sed satis distinclae,

acutae. Antherae violaceae, in sieco nigrescentes. Fructus ignoti.

38
CentraL Cuina. Introduced by Mr. E. H..Wilso
This is a very distinct species, a member of the Ss Vulgares
subsect. (neste closely allied to S. pubescens by the dark-red—
not yellow-—an
\8>° 627. Zschokkea Paxil Stapf [A pocynaceae-Carisseae] ; affinis
4. utili, Hemsl., sed foliis majoribus, nervis magis numerosis supra
haud impressis, corollae segmentis oblongis duplo longioribus,
antheris oS iffert.
ta, glaberrima, ramulis florentibus fuscis apicem versus
leviter nase ciede Folia elliptica, basi breviter acuta, apice
breviter acuminata acumine obtusiusculo, 4°5-7 em. longa, 2°2-
3°5 cm. lata, coriacea, exsiccando supra brunnea vel rae infra
ochreo-brunnescentia, et minute nigro-punctata, costa supra leviter
canaliculata infra prominente, nervis utrinque 15-17 tenuibus
margines versus arcuatim connectis supra obscure prominulis ;
petiolus 8-9 mm. longus, latiusculus, canaliculatus. Flores albi, in
corymbos oo. breviter ‘pedune ulatos multifloros disposi ;
eon ad 4 vel 5 mm. longi; bracteae ovatae, acutae, 1-2 m
ongae ; Pedwelli ad 3 vel 4 mm. longi, praeter alares tnaceoslnty
bracteolis 1 mm. longis ovatis. Calyx 2°5 mm. altus ; segmenta
elliptico-ovata, obtusa, minute ciliolata. Corojla alba, 15 mm. longa,
tubo cylindrico ima basi et supra medium paulo ampliata, lobis
oblongis 2°5 mm. longis. Antherae subulato-lineares, tenuiter
acuminatae, fere 5 mm. longae, cruribus basalibusy 1 mm. longis.
Stylus cum stigmate 5 mm. longus, stigmatis cruribus tenuiter
subulatis fere 2 mm. longis. ructus ignotus.
Perv. Putumayo ey Stee — Rios and Sabana (about
72° W. Long., 1° S. Lat.), Fox, 31.
Vernacular name: “ Tae a
This tree, according to Mr. Fox, ang a latex which is used for
mixing with Hevea and Castilloa rubbe 2
628. Strychnos similis, 4A. W. Hill freee ne species S.
multiflorae, Benth. et S. lanatae, A. W. Hill, affinis sed ab ambabus.
antheris Seeeocdibas basi barbatis et a S. metuiers stylo basi
hirsuto di

conspicue triplinervia, 12-15 em ieee 3:5=4 cm. tae sabaptiaced ; ;
petiolus circiter 1 em. longus. Injlorescentia ers paniculata,

ériffores disponiti, pedivstie circiter 3m sea Chags 1 mm.
a segmentis ovatis obtusis siouygaatils ciliatis. Corolla

lane ; antherae tinbibesleide basi bask ian. Ovarium apeheealh ;
8 mm. diametro, hirsutum ; stylus 3°5 mm. longus, basi hirsutus.
Fructus ignotus. -
PHILIPPINE IsLANDs, — See ape : Province of Savina ;
Hinatuan (E. coast), C. V. Piper, 504
‘he specimen on which this spe
= Kew by Mr. E. D. Me rrill

n founded was sent - :

Di sa sor atte see paper 3

39

on Strychnos Ignatii, etc., was published (K. B. 1911, pp. 281-303).
This new species closely resembles S. multiflora and its allies
S. dubia and S. lanata, but differs especially in its bearded, dark
green anthers. It was collected on the E. coast of Mindanao, a
locality from which we have no previous collections.
~%)' 629, Paracaryum trinervium, Duthie [Boraginaceae-Cynoglos-
~ seae]; affinis P. himalayensi, C. B. Clarke, sed foliis conspicue
trinerviis, floribus multo majoribus et calycis lobis latioribus differt.
Herba perennis. Caulis erectus, ramosus, superne sericeo-pilous.
Folia (caulina) sessilia, 5-8 em. longa et 0°7-1°3 em. lata, lineari-lan-
ceolata, acuta, valde trinervia, dense et molliter pilosa, demum pilis
rigidis e tuberculo ortis asperrima. Racemi fructiferi elongati,
asperi, pedicellis calyce brevioribus. Calyx 3°5 mm. longus, prope
ad basim divisus, dense canescenti-pilosus, lobis ovatis obtusis vel
subacutis intus glabratis. Corolla rotata, coerulea, 6 mm. diametro,
tubo 2 mm. longo, lobis late obovatis, ad apicem rotundatis, integris,
squamis late reniformibus. Antherae inclusae, mm. longae,
oblongo-ovales. Stylus 1 mm. longus. Nueculae ovatac, 4—5 mm.
longae, marginibus dentatis, dentibus glochidiatis ; disco aculeato.
Eastern Tipet. Lhasa, circa 3650 m., Waddell. _
yoe* 630. Eritrichium densiflorum, Duthie [ Boraginaceae-Eritrichieae] ;
ex affinitate EF. Monroi, C. B. Clarke, sed habitu robustiore, ramis
suberectis, nuculis transverse rugosis dorsoque punctato-excavatis
iffert

differt.

Herba perennis, minuta, tota canescenti-pilosa vel hispida. Caules
ramosi, rigidi, 5-7 mm. longi, adpresse pilosi. Folia sessilia, saepe
basi amplexicaulia, usque ad 15 mm. longa, ovata, obovato-oblonga vel
oblanceolata, obtusa vel subacuta, utrinque adpresse pilosa, demum
crassa et setosa, setis tuberculo insidentibus. Flores numerosi, in
cymata racemosa dense compacti, pedicellis brevissimis, superioribus
ebracteatis, bractcis foliaceis. Calyx 3 mm. longus, 6-partitus,
in fructu parum auctus, lobis linearibus, extra setis rigidis indutis.
Corolla 2 mm. longa et lata, tubo calyce longiore albo vel pallide
flavo, lobis obovatis coeruleis vel albis apice rotundatis, squamis
exsertis subquadratis emarginatis. Filamenta ad mediam corollam
affixa, antheris dimidio breviora. Nwceulae ovatae, dorso punctato-
excavatae, minute hispidae, marginibus integris.

Eastern Trpet. Yan Dho Cho, Younghusband, 1551 ; Sangpo
Valley, Walton, 1550 ; Gyangtze, Walton, 1552, 1553 ; Pembu La,
Walton, 1547; Lhasa, cirea 3650 m., King’s collector, 276, 1548,
1549.

E. densijlorum was also collected by Sir Joseph Hooker in Sikkim
at elevations between 3960 and 4360 m. This is the Eritrichium
No. 13 (in part) of Hook. f. and Thoms. Kew Distrib. _ It has also
more recently been obtained by Strachey & Duthie in N. Kumaon.
E. Monroi is widely distributed along the inner ranges of the
Himalaya, and it is quite possible that further careful study of the
ample material in the Kew Herbarium may necessitate the recog-
nition of other species quite as distinct as the subject of this
notice.

oy 631. Microula pustulata, Duthie [Boraginaceae-Eritrichieac] ;
ey sub Eritrichio pustulato, C. B. Clarke in Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 164;

40

habitu ad J. sckhkimensem, Hemsl., accedit, sed statura minore,
caulibus basi procumbentibus, inflorescentia omnino dissimili, flori-
bus minoribus recedit.

Descr. emend. Herba perennis, rhizomate verticali sublignoso.
Caules numerosi, adscendentes vel prostrati, adpresse pilosi vel
saepe patule setulosi. Folia 1-4 cm. longa, elliptico-obovata

Flores minuti, i et suboppositifolii ; pedicel
calycem tutes fructiferi Bee Sretintl Calyx dense sericeo-
pilosus, 2°5 mm. lo st anthesim parum auctus, lobis 2 mm

Fathers Doaailel inclusae. Nuculae 2 mm. Linge: rhomboideo-
ovatae, tuberculatae, hispidulae, tuberculis setis minutis coronatis,
dorso supra medium foveola ovata munitae.

EasterN Tibet, Chumbi; Syampoo, King’s collector, 126
(1884).

This plant, which was originally discovered by Sir Joseph
Hooker in Sikkim at elevations between 4000 and 4500 m., is the
Eritrichium No. 14 of Hook. f. and Thoms. Kew Distrib., and the
type of E. pustulatum, C. B. Clarke in Fl. Brit. Ind. lc. Additional

nutlets are very similar to those of M. sikkimensis, having the
same characteristic tubercles tipped with minute bristles.
a60¥ 632. Microula Younghusbandii, eae [Boraginaceae-Eritrich-
ieae|; affinis MM. tibeticac, Maxim., sed omnino minor et calycis lobis
ssa is et suberectis, nuculis oni foveola lineari subapicali
receden

0 exigua, perennis, subacaulescens, tota appresse pilosa.
Rhizoma verticale, 3-6 cm. longum, crassum. ola pati! bt

vel al i, in cymata densa bracteata “dispositi ; ; bracteae (folia
floralia) floribus longiores, oblongae vel iSeries obtusae ; hi
calyce breviores. Calyx circa 2 mm. longus, prope ad_basin
divisus, extra pilosus, lobis lanceolatis acenttinttl intus glabratis.
Corolla rotata, 3 mm. diametro; tubus calyce paulo brevior, lobis
obovatis ; squamae exsertae, subreniformes. Antherae infra
squamas inclusae. Stylus inclusus. Nuculae laeves, ad dorsum
supra medium foveola lineari crasse marginata instructae.
EASTERN TIBET. a near the source of the Tista,
at about 4850 m., riage
an = Onosma longiflorum, Duthie 2 tl fe
affinis O. Hookeri, C. B.. Clarke sed floribus oe longioribus,
Sldmentia non dilatatis, nuculis tuberculatis differt.
Herba perennis, basi suffrutescens. Caules erecti vel adscendentes,
subangulati, sulcati, puberuli et setis patentibus rigidis albis induti.
Folia subcoriacea, 4-7 em. longa et 5-7 mm. lata, utrinque minute

4]:

et dense puberula, supra omnino et subtus ad costam valde setosa ;
folia inferiora oblanceolata, obtusa vel subacuta, in petiolum

basin partitus, laciniis lanceolatis acuminatis extra dense setosis
intus glabratis. Corolla coeruleo-purpurea, 3 cm. longa, sericeo-
velutina, tubuloso-infundibuliformis ad basin attenuata, lobis
brevibus rotundatis reflexis. Filamenta haud dilatata. Nuculae
triquetrae, apice abrupte acutae, non nitidae, dorso tuberculatae.

Eastern Tiset. Gyantze, Walton, 57 and 1561; Lhasa, circa
3650 m., Waddell.

UW: >> 634. Onosma Waltoni, Duthie [Boraginaceae-Lithospermeae] ; ex
affinitate O. Waddellit, ‘Duthie, sed herba robustior et magis erecta,
floribus majoribus et cymis in fructu paullo elongatis.

oi perennis, basi suffrutescens, tota setis tuberculo insidentibus

asperrima. C'aules robusti, suberecti, minute puberuli, etiam pilis
vig deflexis intermixtis. Folia sessilia, semi-amplexicaulia,
2 : em. Blonga 6-8 mm. Sone ee oe apice obtusata,

Calyx = 5-8 mm. longus, prope ad basin divisus, extra dense setosus,
intus ee laciniis lineari-lanceolatis demum accrescentibus.
Corolla coerulea, 1-3 em. longa, tubuloso-campanulata ; lobi depresse
Shee tag marginibus reflexis, apice calloso. Filamenta infra
medi connata; antherae parum exsertae. Stylus
in fructu Seria exsertus. Nuculae 3 mm. longae, obscure tuber-
a oe met
Eastern Tiser. Gyantze, Walton, 60, 1560 & 1562.
aa 635. 2s =p Duthie ge ein et affinis
we ,; Duthie, sed caulibus gracilioribus et decu bentibus,
agree xis et in fructu elongatis, filamentorum Harte iiaeats
iibera, nuculis haud nitidis differt
rba perennis. Caules decumbentes, quadrangulares, sulcati,
patule setosi. Folia 1°5-3°5 longa et 4-9 mm. lata, lineari-oblonga
vel oblanceolata, obtusa vel subacata, réesntjue ‘minute hispida, supra
etiam setis longis tuberculo insidentibus instructa. Cymata brevia,
pseudo-capitata, in fructu elongata ; bracteae inferiores foliaceae,
supremae lineares, calyce breviores. Calyx 4 mm. longus, prope ad
basin divisus ; laciniae anguste lineari-lanceolatae, extra dense
canescenti-pilosae. Corolla coerulea, campanulata, 1 cm. longa, ad
basin flavescens, lobis parvis triangulatis, apice reflexo calloso.
Filamenta 5 mm. longa, sursum ad mediam coerollam dilatata, parte
dilatata libera ; antherae longe exsertae, atro-coeruleae. Stylus post
anthesin elongatus. Nuculae 3 mm. longae, Sronis, grosse
tuberculatae, haud nitidae.

Eastern Tiset. Lhasa, circa 3650 m., Waddell; Sangpo
Valley, circa 4600 m., Walton; North of Phari, King’s “Colbieter;
(363 & 365 of Herb. “Calc.

636. Columnea (Robotaciten) Fendleri, Sprague Scorer ~
affinis C. scandenti, Linn., a qua calycis segmentis magis attenu

42

inferne utrinque longe unidentatis, corollae tubo longiore, corollae
limbo breviore recedit.

Caulis obtuse tetragonus, in sicco vix 5 mm. crassus. —
SR ear apice obtusa, basi inaequalia, obtusa, 2°5—4°5
onga, 1-1° . lata, rubro-marginata, supra appresse bictutalad
subtus grosse poe hang Shans nervi laterales utrinque 4, obliqui ;
petioli 3-5 mm. longi. Pedicelli 1-3-1°7 em. longi. Calycis segmenta
erecta, basi circiter 0°5 mm. connata, circiter 3 mm. supra basin
napa oP patule unidentata dentibus linearibus 2-2°5 mm. longis, in
toto nga, ad insertionem dentium 2 mm. lata, abhinc
ee leviter angustata, sursum sensim attenuata, trinervia,
extra conspicue, intus brevius parcius hirsuta. Corolla circiter
6°5 cm. longa ; tubus gracilis, circiter 4 cm. longus, sursum pau ulo
ampliatus ; limbus 2°3-2°5 em. longus ; lobus anticus oblongo-lanceo-
latus, 1°2 cm. lon US, 3°5 mm, latus ; lobi laterales circiter 1 cm.
galeae adnati marginibus superioribus circiter 8 mm. longis ; galeae
pars libera 1°5 cm. longa, 1*1-1'2 cm. lata, apice cuneato-rotundata,
apiculata, Vagina staminalis medio 7 mm., lateribus 6 mm. longa,
corollae tubo 3 mm, adnata ; antherae 2 mm. longae. Disci glandula
unica, 1°6 mm. longa. Ovarium ovoideum, 2°75 mm. longum,
glabrum ; stylus inferne glaber, superne pilosus.

VENEZUELA. Near Colonia Tovar, Fendler, 2031.

Hanstein in Linnaea, vol. xxxiv. p. 104, included under C. scandens,
Linn., a specimen in the Berlin herberium collected at Puerto
Cabello, Venezuela, by Karsten. According to Urban, Symbolae
Antillanae, vol. ii. p. 360, Karsten’s specimen represents a distinct
species or variety. Hanstein stated~ that the calyx segments
were more evidently toothed than in typical C. scandens, and Urban
mentions that the corolla is long-attenuate below. It is therefore
probable that Karsten’s co is rege to C. Fendleri.

637. Columnea(Eucol heimii, Spra ague| Gosneeiaaats
affinis C. gloriosae, Sprague, ‘a qua c caulibus oracili Bet, foliis pro
rata minus obliquis, calyce extra sparsius Tae loborum marginibus
remote denticulatis haud reflexis, corolla sursum minus expansa
galea angustiore, antheris brevioribus rosea.

Planta in arboribus epiphytica ramis pendulis. Ramuli graciles,
in sicco 1°2 mm. diametro 30 em. infra gee angulati, costati,
pilis patentibus pluricellularibus acutis hirsuti. Folia leviter
anisophylla, juvenilia marginibus reflexis, adalia plana, elliptico-
oblonga vel ovato-oblonga, apice acuta, basi rotundata vel subcordata,
2-5-4 cm. longa, 1°3-1°9 em. lata, exsiccando membranacea, supra
hirsuta, wu bbae nervis hirsutis ceterum parce inconspicue pilosula ; :
nervi laterales utrinque 4, leviter curvati tantum, supra Vix Visi,
subtus prominuli ; petioli i 2-4 mm. longi. Pedicelli circiter 1 cm.
longi, hirsuti. Calycis segmenta breviter late unguiculata, patentia,
ovato-oblonga, ungue incluso 1°2 em. longa, 6-6°5 mm. lata, remote
denticulata denticulis utrinque 2-3 infimis 0°8-1°3 mm. longis
superioribus minoribus, supra longe dense subtus parce hirsuta.
Corolla 6°2-6°5 cm. longa, coccinea ventre luteo, extra parciuscule
villosa ; tubus circiter 2°5 em. longus; lobus anticus oblongo-
linearis vel anguste oblongus, 2-3 cm. longus, 4—6°5 mm. latus ; lobi
laterales 2°4-2°9 cm. galeae adnati ; dere pars libera 1*3-1° 4 em.

longa, 1°9-2°2 cm. lata, subtruncata. Antherae 2-2°3 mm. penis

\

43

Disci glandula unica, e basi 1 mm. lata oblonga, 1°5 mm. longa,
superne 0°4 mm. lata, retusa. Ovarium 3 mm. longum, dense
appresse villosum villis erectis.—Columnea eeeeee aly Donnell
Smith, Enum. Pl. Guatem. vol. vi. p. 30, non

GuATEM ita: Department of ge Verapaz: "Cubilquita, 350 m.,
LTuerckheim in Donnell Smith, 764

In the description of C. glories ‘the length of the anthers was
omitted : they are 3 mm.

1.000 638. Incarvillea Wilsonii, ceaiee [Bignoniaceae]; affinis 2. Bere-
sowshii, Batalin, a qua pedicellis longioribus bracteas ietoeciehr BAN,
calyce majore, corollae limbo magno recedit.

m. alta, caule ramoso folioso, primo visu glabro, revera
nute parcissime glanduloso. Folia radicalia (vel caulina in-
fensans ?) se emp in em circiter 40 cm. longa, pinnatipartita,
rhachi anguste alata late sulcata supra minute densiuscule subtus
parce Pandvlcad-pilons, senal is suboppositis 5- ~6-jugis lanceolato-
oblongis apice acutis basi inaequilateris obtusis 5°5-8°5 cm. longis
2-3 em. latis crenato-serratis utrinque minnte parce glandulosis
petioli circiter 15 cm. longi; folia superiora similia, minora, seg-
mentis circiter 3-jugis. Racemi terminales, multiflori (fide Wilson),
et axillares vel ramulos axillares foliatos terminantes, internodiis
sub anthesi usque ad 4 cm. longis; bracteae 3-8 mm. longae ; pedicelli
circiter 1 em. longi, bracteis saepius duplo raro vix longiores, satis
glandulosi. Calyx campanulatus, beeiggeere in toto 1°5
longus, extra minute parce glandulosus ; lobi late deltoidei, cuspi-
,» 4-6 mm. longi, apice seoimasis: Corolla carmineo-rubra
tubus 4°5 cm, longus ; limbus 5-5°5 cm. diametro densiuscule minute
ee Capsula subacinaciformis, compresso-tetra-
gona, 8-10 cm. longa, 11-12 mm. lata, circiter 7 mm. crassa, in
apicem a apuete truncatum breviter acuminata, a medio deorsum
angustata, ubnngue superne plana, inferne convexa ; valvae fuscae,
sublignosae ; septum albidum, nitidulum, cicatricibus seminum
utrinque medio septi triseriatis superne et inferne uniseriatis. Semzna
lenticularia, alata, cum ala 5-5°5 mm. diametro, sine ala :
diametro, superficie altera glabra, altera dense furfuraceo-pilosa ; ;
tegmen basi et apice testae affixum, in aqua membranaceum, in
sicco tenuiter pergamentaceum. Embryo suborbicularis, 2°75 mm.
diametro ; cotyledones apice retusae, basi anguste cordatae, radicula
vix a
. Western Szechuan: Hsao Chin Ho valley; near
iois Ting, 2100-2400 m., Wilson, vee

839. pa ae Kerri ii, N. £. Brown Lemar eS. “one

4-8 mm. latam ieoutreinis. Fgeeita 25 cm. ‘apie 1 cm.
‘ erassus, olivaceo-brunneus, ocellis albido-viridibus maculatus.

44

haud unulats viridis, ocellis albido-viridibus maculata, Spadix
spatha multo brevior, stipitata ; pars feminea 1°5-2°5 cm. longa,
1°5 cm. micah cylindrica, viridis ; ovarium globosum, in " stylum
15 mm. longum contractum, stigmate punctiformi; pars mascula
1°5-2°5 cm. longa, 1°2-2°3 cm. crassa, ¢ cylindrica vel ellipsoidea,
alba ; appendix 3°8-4 cm. longa, 1°6-2°5 cm. crassa, subcylindrica
vel obtuse tr igono-ovoidea, laevis, foaecainn vel pallide luteo-viridis.
Siam. Collected in the Chiengmai District by Dr. A. F. G.
Kerr, and sent to the Trinity College Botanic Garden, Dublin,
where it flowered in ee _1910, and March, 1911, the leaf
gi ee 32 in the following
ried specimens of this species have yet been received from
Dr. Ker so that it may be a somewhat rare or very local plant. .
640, Sciaphila sic noca Hemsl, |'Triuridaceae] ; species peri-
anthii lobis inappendiculatis
erba perennis, monoica vel dioica, saprophytica, aphylla, praeter
radices pilosas glaberrima. Caules. gracillimi, erecti, 8-23 cm.
alti, simplices vel pauciramosi, ramis strictissimis, basi radices
pilosas simplices vel perraro pauciramosas 2-5 cm. longas novellas
sursum ordinatim emittentes, infra medium nudi vel squamis paucis
minutis instructi. Flores racemosi, minuti, unisexuales, saepius
dioici, raro monoici, si monoici superiores masculi ; bracteae lanceo-
latae, 2-3 mm. longae, acutissimae, persistentes ; pedicelli capillares,
0°5-2 cm. longi. Perianthium florum ¢ alte 5-lobum (an semper ?) ;
lobi ovato-lanceolati, circiter 0°75 mm. longi, obtusi, inappendiculati,
incurvi. Stamina 3, subsessilia ; antherae rima transversa dehis-
centes. Perianthium forum Q saepius 6-lobum; lobi lanceolati,
circiter 1 mm. longi, obtusi, inappendiculati, ‘demum recurvi.
Carpella numerosa ; stylus supra carpelli medium lateralis, ventralis,
filiformis, 2-3 mm. longus. Carpella matura, ut videtur, carnosa,
globoso-obconica, 1-1°25 mm. longa, laevia, monosperma. Semen -
fusiforme, 0°75-1 mm. longum, ee —— testa longi-
ee: hag striata. Embryo mihi ig
. Queensland : Bellcndon fo Hills, at about 1000 m.,

Bie Fiat
This is apparently the only member of the family hitherto
discovered in Australia. It was growing in a dense mass of fine

foreign roots, from which it was with diffenlty extricated intact.
Some of the seeds were occupied by a solitary larva.

IIIl.—A DISEASE OF SWEET PEAS, ASTERS, AND
OTHER PLANTS.*
( Thielavia basicola, Gopf.)
(With Pilate.)
G. Masser.
A disease attacking asters, sweet peas and various other
cultivated plants, more especially during the seedling stage

is. This article was printed in November, 1911, but quot to be held over to this _
number owing to lack of space in the Bulletin for last year.

45

caused by a minute parasitic fungus, Thielavia basicola, Zopf, has
become so prevalent during recent years, that in some localities
their cultivation has been practically abandoned. The receipt at

a considerable amount of diseased material in a condition
favourable for investigation, has led to the discovery of the cause
of the disease and also of measures whereby the danger can be
prevented.

MorrnHowoey, &c.

The several very dissimilar forms constituting the life-cycle of
Thielavia basicola, Gopi, has led to much complication and synonymy.
The mycelium first produced as the result of infection, permeates
the tissues and remains slender and colourless. Asa rule the host
shows decided signs of injury, or is killed outright before the
fungus commences to produce its fruit on the surface of the injured
portions. When this stage has been reached, if conditions are
favourable, branches of the mycelium grow outwards and cover the
surface of the diseased part with a plexus of mycelial branches,
which soon give origin to the first or Milowia form of fruit, which
consists of simple or branched, upright, septate branches, becoming
gradually narrowed upwards and remaining perfectly colourless,
es

and published it as Milowia nivea. Saccardo afterwards placed
Milowia as the type of a new tribe of the Hyphomycetes which he
established under the name of Milowieae. The spores or conidia
are somewhat variable in size, thin-walled, cylindrical with truncate
ends, and average 15-25 x 4—-6u.

As the Milowia stage of fruit disappears, the mycelium developed
externally on the host, becomes tinged brown, and gives origin to a
second or Yorula form of fruit. In fact the Milowia and Torula
stages may sometimes be met with on the same branch of mycelium

opaque. The cell-walls also increase considerably in thickness
during the growth of the spore. When the spores are mature they
break up into their component cells, which resemble discs of vary-
ing hickuoes and are circular or more or less obtusely polygonal in

46

outline. These detached cells or chlamydospores cannot be induced
to germinate at the moment of maturity, but do so readily after
remaining in a passive condition for some months. This phase
of the fungus is usually the only one observed, unless special watch is
kept, being rendered conspicuous by the copious production of spores,
which often form black, crust-like patches on the diseased root and
collar of the host-plant. The spores vary considerably in size, and
may be straight or curved, average size 40-65 x 12-20u at the
widest part near the apex. This stage of Thielavia was first
observed, in 1850, by Berkeley and Broome, who considered it as a
member of the genus Yorula, and described it as 7. basicola. It
was found at the base of stems of peas, and of Nemophila.
Respecting its propensities, the authors wrote as follows. “It is
either destructive of the plant on which it grows, or is developed on

ees an economic stand-

in fact the fungus appears invariably to commence life as a
saprophyte, and when conditions are favourable, as expressed by
the presence of rootlets of seedlings, it assumes a parasitic habit ;
otherwise it can pass through all the phases of its life-cycle as a
saprophyte. In fact the fungus at best is but a very imperfect
parasite, the vegetative mycelium first resulting from the germina-
tion of the spores being alone parasitic, but its action is
sufficient to cripple if not completely to kill the host. The various
orms of fruit are then produced externally on the host, which it
has previously killed. I have repeatedly observed the Torula
follow the Milowia stage, when the fungus was growing on pea
seedlings infected with diseased portions of plants killed by the
fungus, and have also observed the same sequence when a pure
culture of Milowia spores was used.
ird and highest or ascigerous form of fruit was first
described by Zopf in 1876. This author also observed the Milowia
and Yorula stages of the fungus, and connected the two with his
recently discovered ascigerous stage, to which he gave the name of
Thielavia. : perithecium is minute, subglobose, blackish,
glabrous, without a stoma or aperture, 80-120, in diameter (Fig. 7).
Asci numerous, broadly ovate, 8-spored (Fig. 8). Spores cylindrical,
with rounded ends, and often slightly curved, or approaching to lemon-
shaped, 1-celled, smooth, more or less lenticular or laterally com-
pressed, coloured, 10-12 x 5-6u (Fig. 9). This is undoubtedly
the least known stage of Thielavia, due to the fact that it is only
produced on dead, dry and more or less disintegrated portions of
the host-plant. Up to the present, it has not occurred in artificial
cultures. *
AFFINITIES.
Zopf, Winter and Saccardo consider that Thielavia, should be
placed in the Perisporiaceae, Sub. Fam. Perisporiae, next the genus
Orbicula. This I also consider to be its natural position. Fischer,

47

considers it as most closely allied to the common blue moulds
included in the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium.

The synonymy is as follows :—

Thielavia basicola, Zopf, Sitz. Bot. Ver. Prov. Brand. 18, p. 101
1876); Torula basicola, B. and Br., Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, 5,

p- 461 (1850) ; Helninthasporium Fragile, Sor., ae “ p- ong
(1876) ; Milowia nivea, Mass., Journ. Roy. Micr. Soe »p.8
(1884) ; Clasterosporium fragile, Sace., Syll. Fung, vt p. 386 i836),

DISTRIBUTION.

The fungus was first observed by Berkeley in England in 1850.
It has also been recorded from France, Germany, Italy, Russia, the
United States and Cuba. It has proved to be very destructive to
cultivated crops in Italy, Germany and the United States, and is
probably much more widely distributed in the soil than is generally
suspected.

Now that a simple and certain method for determining its
presence has been discovered we are in a position to anticipate it
and to act accordingly, as one means necessary for its arrest are
. inexpensive and effective.

n England its aiiesbation is certainly widespread ; seedling
ster and sweet peas, more espe cially, have been received at Kew

following genera: Apium; Aralia; Aster; Begonia; Beta; Blysmus ;
Cochlearia; Cyclamen; Daucus; Lathy yrus ; Lupinus; Cypripedium ;
Nemophila; Nicotiana ; Onobrychis ; Pisum ; Seorzonera ; Senecio ;
Trigonella; Viola. In some instances the injury caused by this
fungus assumes serious proportions and the tobacco crop, both in

urope and in the United States, has suffered to the greatest

CULTURES OF THE FUNGUS,

The conidia of the summer stage (Milowia) germinate freely
within twenty-four hours in water. As a rule only one germ-tube
is ae Ge from one end of the conidium. In those instances

of

other remaining’ mall and stunted, and eventually fon ng. The

conidia only retain their vitality for about ten days, and no conidium
was observed to germinate after it had been liberated for more than
a fortnight. Germination is most vigorous immediately after the
conidia are liberated, and the percentage of germination decreases
daily with the increasing age of the conidia. As compared with a
neutral medium, the presence of a slight amount -. acidity in —

-— putrient solution favours germination and the elopment

48

mycelium, whereas, on the other hand, a trace of akalinity in the
nutritive medium retards germination and subsequent growth of
the mycelium. The conidia also germinate freely on moist stable
manure, covering the surface within a week with the snow-white tufts
of the Milowia stage of the fungus, which is followed by the black
masses of conidia forming the Torula stage. he ascigerous
condition was not observed. The fact that the fungus can produce
its two conidial phases as a pure saprophyte is a point of great
importance from an economic standpoint, and suggests the impor-
tance of burning all diseased plants, lest they should by any chance
find their way to the manure heap, from whence the conidia of the
Torula stage of the fungus would eventually be returned to the
land in a condition favourable for germination. By such means the
widespread occurrence of the fungus may probably be explained.

The chlamydospores resulting from the breaking up of the Torula
form of fruit do not germinate until after a period of rest, and
serve to tide the fungus over that period when living host-plants
are not forthcoming.

Chlamydospores obtained from aster seedlings that had been
dried for a year germinated in a very dilute solution of stable
manure, at the end of four days, and another batch of
chlamydospores obtained from the same source, germinated on
sterilised stable manure, and produced the Milowia form within a
week, followed by the Torula form. Experiments prove that the
Milowia conidial form constantly reproduces itself ; this takes place
so long as climatic conditions are favourable for its development,
and the distribution of the fungus in space depends entirely on
its Milowia conidial phase.

A batch of orchids (Cypripedium) attacked by Thielavia, was
sent to Kew for investigation. ‘The basal portion of each plant was
soft and decayed, and covered on the surface with a dense, black,

n

the laboratory, the white Milowia stage of the fungus developed
within a few days, and gradually encroached on the still living
green portion of the leaves. This material, available in quantity
for the first time, enabled a series of experiments to be made on
the action of the fungus on germinating seeds and on seedlings.

49

Bursa-pastoris), were also killed by the fungus. On the other hand
germinating oats were not attacked, neither were those of another
grass, Briza maxima. our Petri dishes containing eee 2
garden soil, sterilised by steam and afterwards infected wit

Thielavia in the Milowia stage, obtained from a pure culture on
manure, were prepared. Two of these were flooded with one per
cent. of formalin in water for an hour, after which the liquid was
poured off and the soil allowed to remain for a week, when all trace
of the smell of formalin had disappeared. The soil in the two
remaining dishes was left untreated. Twelve peas were placed in
each dish. At the expiration of ten days, all the peas in the two
dishes treated with formalin were maxing vigorous growth, whereas
ir one of the dishes not treated with formalin, no growth appeared
above the surface of the soil, and in the second untreated dish four

collapsed with one exception. When peas germinate in pure sand,
mixed with the Milowia stage of the fungus attached to fragments
of manure, infection of the seedlings occurs, whereas when spores
of the Milowita stage of the fungus alone are mixed with the sand,
no infection takes place. This, along with experiments already
recorded, proves that the germinating spores of the fungus cannot
infect a host-plant directly, but only after the mycelium has existed
or some time as a saprophyte, on humus or decaying vegetable
matter.
Symptoms oF THE DrisEAsE IN SWEET PkEas,

In those instances where the land is badly infected, the majority
This occurs when

very common symptom of the disease is known to growers of sweet
peas under the name of “streak” or “stripe,” characterised by the

resence of dingy yellow streaks or stripes on the leaves and stem.
This condition is the result of what may be termed a mild attack,
the not being present in the tissues of the root and collar in
sufficient quantity to {Gill the plant outright, yet sufficiently abundant
to prevent the root from performing its function to the fullest

22242 ad

Mo. Bet. Waku.
1019

50

be more or less decayed on one side, suggesting the idea that it had
been gnawed by wireworm. In some cases small black patches of
the Torula form of fruit are present on the surface.

SYMPTOMS OF THE DISEASE IN ASTERS.

r as my experience goes, asters are always killed outright
during the seedling stage. When the plants are about three inches
high they commence to wilt, and soon fall over as in the disease
known as “ damping off.’ The roots of diseased plants are shri-
velled and blackened, and all the rootlets are dead. The fungus
appears to spread very rapidly in the soil, as whole batches of seed-
lings collapse simultaneously.

Symptoms of THE Disease IN ORCHIDS.

I have only observed the disease on cultivated species of
Cypripedium, of which abundant material was sent to Kew, and it
was stated to be present on most of the plants occupying a large
house. The roots are attacked first, then the bases of the leaves,
which gradually become brown and finally assume the condition of
a soft rot, when the whole plant falls over. Thesnow-white Milowia
fruit was produced in abundance when the decayed portions were
placed under favourable conditions for its growth. It was in all
probability the spores of this condition of the fungus that spread
the disease from one plant to another in the house, the minute spores
being dispersed by wind, syringing, &c.

PREVENTIVE MEASURES.

It is practically impossible to cure a plant that is once infected,
as the mycelium is located in the living tissues of the root, and no
substance is known that will check or kill such mycelium, without
at the same time killing or materially injuring the host-plant.
Hence the only means of checking the onslaught of the fungus is
by the adoption of preventive measures. The great majority of the
disease is obviously due to infected land. No evidence of the
presence of spores on peas or other seeds is forthcoming, and would
not be expected to occur, when it is remembered that the fungus, as a
parasite, confines itself to the root and collar of the stem. Infection
of the soil may be brought about by various means. When
a diseased crop is grown, the roots in most instances become
thoroughly decayed, and too friable to remove even if an attempt
was made to do so. It is on such decayed roots that the Torula
or resting-spore stage of the fungus grows, consequently the soil
becomes infected, and even if a crop of some kind is afterwards

the fungus flourishes and reproduces itself at a rapid rate,

51

‘Commercial formalin (= 40 per cent. aSTaRIE Paes has proved
to be the most effective fungicide for sterilising infect In
the United States, where Thielavia proves ver Sealicetsay in
causing a root-rot of tobacco seedlings, the soil of the seed-beds is
thoroughly soaked with a solution of formalin in water, in the pro-
portion of one pint of formalin to twelve gallons of water. ne
gallon of the mixture should be allowed for each square foot of
surface. After the watering is completed the soil should be covered
for two or three days with coarse sacking or canvas, to keep in the
fumes. The watering should be done after all digging has been done
and when the seed beds are in a condition ready for sowing, an
week or ten days should intervene between the soaking of the soil
and the sowing of seed, to allow = = complete escape of the
formalin fumes and the ‘dryin g of the
When green manure is dug into fad intended for seed beds it
a previously be thoroughly watepen with formalin as above.
essor Benincasa has quite recently conducted a series of ex-
velista: as to the best means of checking root-rot of tobacco in
seed-beds. Having proved that infected soil is the usual source of
injury, and that heating such soil to a temperature of 90° oes
not completely eradicate the disease, comparative tests were made
by using ordinary garden soil, pure sand, and volcanic ash or pumice
for seed-beds. The plants ace in garden soil were badly in-
fected, seed-beds of sand proved v efficient in controlling the
disease, volcanic ash gave the best pi of all, both in arresting
the disease, and in the rapid and vigorous growth of the seedlings.
This result is partly due to the absence of humus, which favours
the continuous growth of the fungus in soil ere organic
matter, and also to the physical conditions of such s
The author suggests the use of coal ashes, Hieaaie scoria, 0
naturally or artificially powdered volcanic rocks, as suitable for the
formation of seed-beds.
LITERATURE.
Aderhold, R. Arb. Biol. Abt. Land. Fortw. Kaiserl. Gesund. 4,
p. 463 (1905).
Benincasa, M. Bul. Tec. Coltiv. eg oe p. 3 (1911).
Berkeley, M. J. and Broome, C. E. Amn. Mag. Nat. Hist. 5,
p. 461 (1850).
Capelluti, Altomare, G. KR. Inst. Scafati, p. 137 (1902).
Clinton, G. P. Comm. Agr. Expr. Sta. 1907, p. 342 and 1908,
3

Massee, G. Journ. Roy. Micr. Soe. 4, p. 841 (1884).

Orton. W. A Yearbook U.S. Dept. haw 1901 and 1903.
Peglion, V. Atti Reale Acad. Lincei, 6, p. 52 (1897).

Saccardo, P. A. Syll. Fung. 1, p. 39 (1882) ; 4, p. 257 and 386

Scie i. Hedw. 15, p. 113 (1876).

Thaxter, R. Ann. Rep. Conn, Exp. Sta. p. 166 (1892).
Zopf, W. Sitz. Bot. Ver. Prov. Sraadesk 18, p. 101 (1876).
Zopf, W. Die Pilze, p. 91 (1890).

Zopf, W. Zeitschr. Pflanzenkr, 1, p. 72 (1891).

22242 D2

52

EXPLANATION OF PLATE,

Figs. 1 and 2 nat. size, the remainder highly magnified.
Fig. 1. Root of Sweet Pea injured by the fungus.
Root of Cypripedium injured by the fungus.
Conidial (Milow?a) stage.

Free conidia, some germinating.
Resting-spore ( Torula) stage.
Free resting-spores.
Perithecium of ascigerous stage.
Ascus containing eight spores.
Free ascospores.

s
Oe eee PE Oe

IV.—AFRICAN BUXEAE.

J. HuTcHINsSoN.

- Baillon, in his careful monograph of the Buxaceae, published
in 1859, regarded them as a separate order and divided the
genus Busus containing 13 species into two sections: (i.) Huburus
and (ii.) Tricera. These sections besides occupying separate
geographical areas are distinguished on account of differences in
the form of the inflorescence. In both of them the anthers are
supported by well-developed filaments and in the male flowers a
large rudimentary ovary is present. At the time of Baillon’s

monograph no species was known to occur on the African continent,
but he recorded and described one from vip Pena (B, madagas-
earica) without, however, having seen male

Miiller in 1869 (DC. Prodr. xvi. i. 13-20) Tedacied Baillon’s
arrangement, adding 5 other species.

Baillon in 1873 (Adansonia xi. 268) described B. Hildebrandiii,
and named it after the collector who found it in the mountains of
Somaliland. ue pointed out its close affinity with the other Old
World speci

Oliver in 1882 (Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1400) described and figured the
gon Notobuxus, from Natal, which differs from Buzxus in having
two additional stamens, sessile anthers, and by the absence of a
rudimentary ovary from the male flowers.

The same author four years later (l.c. t. 1518) figured and
described Buxus Macowan’, from Rael pti and at the

South Africa and the examination of male flowers, all toliseted
by Mr. —— proves that both species have the same floral
structure

Kew Bulletin, 1912.

A root disease of Sweet-peas, Asters, &S,

[To face page 52. > |

Malby&Sons.Lith,

53

Van Tieghem in 1897 (Ann. Sci. Nat. Sér. viii. v. 289), gave a
general review of the whole group, and divides Buxus into four
genera which are chiefly distinguished by differences in anatomical
structure. Buxus he restricts to the extra-African Old Wor
species; Buxanthus he establishes on Buxus Hildebrandtii, Baill,
and on a Socotran plant which he rightly age tre from that
species and names Buxanthus pedicellatus ; ne udes Bail-
on’s Mascarene species and Burus Macowan Oliv. : * Notobuzus;
Oliv. is retained a = rigs the West Indian section T'ricera is

Buzxella is considered to be a section distinct from Rebitins.
Whether Buzella heed be treated as a section or as a distinct
genus is not of great moment, but it should include Burus benguel-
lensis, Gilg, and a new species from Nyasaland described below
as B.n

The fee included under Burella differ from the remaining
species of Buxus by having sessile anthers and by the absence of
a rudimentary ovary, and further they are confined to the Southern
Hemisphere where no other Box trees occur. They constitute a
group which is practically intermediate and —_— forms a
connecting link between Buxus and Notobuxus,

Buxvs.

§ Eubuxus. Anthers supported by filaments ; rudimentary ovary
present in the male flowers.

Inflorescence sessile or subsessile ; male flowers sessile or
nearly so; sepals ovate, woolly-ciliate ; female se
shortly pointed, coriaceous, woolly-ciliate.

1 ws Hildebrandt

Inflorescence pedunculate ; male flowers shortly pedicellate ;

sepals lanceolate, shortly and sparingly ciliolate ; female
sepals truncate, submembranous, not ciliate.
2. dicellata.
§ Buxella, = nov. (genus, Van Tieghem). Anthers car. ;
rudi y ovary absent from the male flower:

Lesiee Yh osibowdaee aes or cblanceolate, rounded = or

emarginate at the apex, less than 2°5 ¢
erves distinct on the upper Bites
3. B. benguellensis.
Nerves not or scarcely visible on the upper surface.
. B. Macowani.

Leaves ovate or lanceolate, acuminate or acute, rarely

obtuse, more than 3 cm,
eaves ovate or ovate-oblong, sometimes subcordate,

acute or obtuse 5. B.m as ga
Leaves lanceolate, long and gradually acumin
6. B. nyasica,

_ 1, B. Hildebrandtii, Baill, Adansonia vol. xi. p. 268.
B. calophylla, Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xxxix. 632.

54

Buzxanthus Hildebrandtii, Van Tieghem in Ann. Sci. Nat. Sér.
VIII. v.

Tropica Arrica. MHarar: Diredana, Rosen! Somaliland :
Ahl Mountains, Maid, 800-2000 m., Hildebrandt, 1547! 891!
Golis Range, Mrs. E. Lort Phillips ! Drake-Brockman, 289 !

Mrs. Lort Phillips states that this species occurs all over the
Golis Range, attaining a considerable height in places where the
undergrowth is thick and otherwise bushy.

Pax (l.c.) was or eeney under the impression that Baillon’s type
came from Socotra

2. B. pedicellata, Piicicltecson (comb. nov.).

Buzxanthus pedicellatus, Van Niegieard in Ann. Sci. Nat. Sér. vii.
v. 320.

Buxus Hildebrandtii, snore Bot. Soc. 269, non Baill.

As Van Tieghem’s description is in note form I take the ene
opportunity of drawing one up from the complete material at

Frutex 3 m. altus; rami subteretes vel angulares, glabri wel
minute puberuli. Folia eee rotundato-obovata vel sub-
orbicularia, apice rotundata vel leviter retusa, basi attenuata vel
cuneata, 2-4 cm. longa, 0°5-2°5 cm. lata, integra, rigide coriacea,
supra subnitida, subtus pallida, utrinque glabra, nervis lateralibus
utrinque 4-6 plerumque indistinctis. Inflorescentia e cymulis 3 vel
4 constituta, cea pedunculata ; cymulae 3-5-florae, flore
terminali Q vel omnes ¢ ; pedunculi ad 7 mm. longi, angulares,
glabri; bracteae lanceolatae, subacutae, 2-3 mm. longae, inferne
breviter ciliolatae ; ; 6 pedicelli ad 2 mm. longi, angulares. Flores

. Sepala lanceolata, vel ovato-lanceolata, subacuta, 2 mm. longa,
1-1°5 mm. lata, margine membranacea, breviter ciliolata. Stamina
4; filamenta carnosa, 2°5-3 mm longa ; antherae ovatae, obtusae,
15 mm. longae. Ovarii rudimentum globosum, verrucosum,
1°25 mm. dininets®l glabrum. Flores Q. Sepala truncata, mem-
branacea, eciliata. Ovarium glabrum ; styli crassi, recurvi, circiter

Capsula 1-1-2 cm. longa, tricornuta. Semina 7 mm.
longa, nitida, brunnea.

Socotra. Balfour, 637! Schweinfurth 415! Bent ! Hunter.

Balfour states that this tree is very abundant in the island; the
wood is extremely hard.

3. B. benguellensis, Gily in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxviii. 115.

Tropica Arrica. Angola: Huilla, Antunes, A. 46! 248!

Var. hirta, Hutchinson, var. nov.; a typo ramulis et foliis subtus
breviter sare gy og rec

55

B. Macowani, Oliv, in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1518; Sim, Forest Fi.
of Gaps Colony, 321, pl. 1465, fig. 1

ue ella Macowani, Van T ieghem in Ann. Sci. Nat., Sér. vir,
v.

Sourn Arrica. East London: in primitive woods near
Kwelegha, Hutchins in Herb. Macowan, 916! in the “ Park,”
Flanagan, 1727!

5. B. ee Ce Baill. Monogr. Buxac. 65; Muell.-Arg. in
* DC. Prodr. xvi.

Buzella Andkagesdaied Van Tieghem in Ann. Sci. Nat.,
Sér. viit., v. 326,

Mapagascar. Du Petit Thouars. An example of this species
has not been seen.

6. B. nyasica, Hutchinson, sp. nov. ; species foliis lanceolatis
vel subovato-lanceolatis longe acuminatis, antheris sessilibus,
floribus ¢ ovarii rudimento nullo valde distincta.

Frutex vel arbor ; rami subteretes, leviter sulcati, glabri ; ramuli
juniores paullo complanati, glabri. Folia lanceolata vel subovato-
lanceolata, apice acuta, sensim longe acuminata, basi cuneata,
4°5-6°5 cm. longa, 1°2-2°2 cm. lata, integra, tenuiter coriacea, supra
leviter nitida, subtus opaca, utrinque glabra, nervis lateralibus
utrinque 15, e costa media sub angulo 45° es. intra
marginem arcuatis nervo marginale composita margine 2 mm. distante
utrinque conspicuis ; petioli breves vel subnulli. River: in ‘sulle
infimis plerumque ¢ et Q solummodo sed nonnunquam duo
pedicelli 2°5 mm. longi, bracteis imbricatis triangularis obtecti.
Flores $. Sepaia 4, late ovato-triangularia, dorso paullo carinata,
circiter 1 mm. longa, glabra, margine membranacea. Stamina 4;
antherae sessiles, acutae, vix 5 mm.longae, dorso 1 mm. latae.
Ovariit rudimentum nullum, Flores Q. Sepala maris. Ovarium

3°5 mm. longi, glabri. Capsula et semina non v
TropicaL Arrica. Nyasaland: Shiré Hishlands ; ; Milanji,
Scott Elliot, 8603 ! (typus i in Herb. Berol.).

NorTosuxvs.

Leaves cocay or emarginate, not acuminate ; male aes sessile or
ssile. . WN. natalensis.

Leaves seats acuminate; male flowers eieatis,:
2. NN. acuminata.
. N. natalensis, Oliv. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1400; Sim, Forest

FL of Cape Colony, 320, pl. 145, fig. 2

Sourn Arrica. Natal: Inanda, Wood, 3741 13571 Durban,
Schlechter, 2797! Tongaat, Cooper! Pond oland ; Port St. John, in
forest at West Gate, Galpin, 3471! Egossa, Sim, 2424! 2427!
wry Binks : Kentani ; Manubi forest, common shrub 4-6 ft., Pegler.

Z. N. acuminata, Hutchinson (comb. nov.).

Macropodandra acuminata, Gilg in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxviii. 114.

TropicaL AFRICA. Relat Congo; Wabadso, in forests,
Stekdenden, 2647!

56

V.—MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.

Mr. R. Giti.—We learn that Mr. R. Gill, whose appointment
as a Curator in the Agricultural Department of Southern Nigeria
was recorded in K.B. 1909, p. 315, has been appointed an Assistant
Superintendent of Agriculture in that Department.

J. S. Suarer.—John Samuel Slater was the third son of
the late Rev. Samuel Slater, D.D., Rector of Stenigot, Lincoln,
and some time Headmaster of Bishop Cotton School, Simla. He
was born in Calcutta in 1850, educated at Pocklington Grammar
School, Yorkshire, and Bishop Cotton School, Simla. He graduated
in 1870 at the Thomason Civil Engineering College, Rurki,
obtaining the Gold Medal for Mathematics. The same year he was
appointed to the Public Works Department of the Government of
India and served at Dera Ghazi Khan and other places in the
Punjab. :

In 1875 he was appointed Professor of Engineering at the Presi-
dency College, Calcutta, and when the Engineering Department. of
that College was formed into an independent residential Engineering
College at Sibpur he took a leading part in its organisation, became
one of the original members of its staff and was eventually
appointed Principal in 1891.
inaugurated a scheme of modern education for the District

was appointed Inspector of Schools of the Rajshahi Division and in
1901 officiated as head of the Educational Department of Bengal ;
in 1904 he was incapacitated by a serious illness which necessitated
his retirement from India in that year.

Slater was responsible for teaching Astronomy to the students of
the Engineering College and was always keenly interested in that
science. In 1891 while on leave he devised and patented an
armillary sphere which has proved of great value for instructional

es. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical

ociety in 1892.

: r his retirement Slater devoted himself enthusiastically to an
investigation of the pollen of plants and prepared by micro-photo-
graphy a large number of enlarged photographs of pollen grains.
In accordance with a wish which the deceased had expressed, the
whole of his specimens and photographs were presented by his
executors to the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

e married in 1873 Jessie Frances, only daughter of Surgeon-
Major John Bean, attached to the Royal Irish Fusiliers, by whom
he had a son, deceased, and a daughter who is married to Mr. B.
Heaton, the present Principal of the Sibpur Engineering College.

He died at Ealing on 7th April, 1911, aged 61. Ba

W. Don.—We learn with regret, through the Colonial Office,
of the death of Mr. William Don, Curator in the Agricult
Department of Southern Nigeria, on December 10th, 1911. Mr. Don

57

was educated and brought up in Lady Breadalbane’s Orphanage
at Kenmore, and served his Tn hiomeegte in Taymouth Gardens.
He came to Kew from Whittinghame in 1902, and in the following
year was appointed peter Curator to take charge of the new
Botanic sub-station at Tarkwa, in the western part of the Gold
Coast Colony (K.B. 1903, p. 31). Two years later he was trans-
ferred to the service of the Government of Southern Nigeria
and was placed in charge of the Botanic Gardens at Old Calabar
(K.B. 1905, p. 61). Mr. Don visited Kew in accordance with
custom during his leaves of absence from the Colony, and in the
spring of 1910 was permitted by the Secretary of State for the
Colonies to visit the Colonial Museums at Hamburg and Haarlem.
He had returned to England again on leave at the end of Septem-
ber and had intended taking a course of Entomology at the London
School of Tropical Medicine. He died very suddenly of acute
pheumonia at Paythouth Canty Aberfeldy, Perthshire, in his 33rd
year.

West Indian Agricultural Conference, 1912.—An invitation was
received at the end of October from the Commissioner of Agri-
culture, West foie. for a representative of the Royal Botanic
Gardens, Kew, to attend the West Indian Agricultural Conference
to be held at Trinidad from January 23rd—30th, 1912. With the
sanction of the President of the Board of cers and Fisheries,
this invitation has been accepted, and the Assistant Director
has been deputed to attend the conference as the representative

Visitors during 1911.—3,704,606 visitors to the Royal Botanic
Gardens have been recorded durin ring the year 1911. These figures
show an increase of 158,304 over those of the previous year and are
the largest on record. During the ten years 1901-10, 22,459,027
persons have visited the gardens giving an average of 2 245, 902.
The total number of visitors on Sundays, during 1911, was 1 517, 650
and. on weekdays 2,186,956.

The largely increased number of visitors during the past year
must be attributed mainly to the remarkable spell of brilliant
summer weather and also to the large ora’ of visitors to London
in connection with the Coronation. As in 1910, there have been
five Bank Holidays and the attendances on Easter Monday, Whit-
Monday and the August Bank Holiday were 144,084, 157,425 and
115,833 respectively. The total number of visitors for the five
holidays was 446,644, as against 424,010 in 1910.

Sunday visitors have decreased by 96,435, while the number of
visitors on week days show an increase of. 254, 739

‘The greatest attendance on any one day w as, 2 as has commonly
been found to be the case, on Whit-Monday, when there were 4,971
more visitors recorded than for the correspon nding day in the
previous year which previously held the record for a single day.

The smallest number on “ay oné day was 179 on December 20th.

58

The largest Sunday attendance was 88,005 on June 4th, and the
smallest 423. The former figures show a decrease of about 3,000
from those recorded last year.

The detailed monthly returns are given below.

ary ese wes 55,328
February #8 131,674
March 158,075
April . 288,239

ay 468,014
June 687,302
July 737,946
Magia LS ev 590,859
September... us vs 373,294
October sed ae ssw 173,250
November... at --- 63,658
December... ae eg Sg Li

3,704,606

Additions to Gardens, 1911.— Additions to the collections of plants
eultivated at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, have been made
during the year by exchanges with other gardens, private as well as
public, and by purchase from nurserymen and others. Contributions
of plants and seeds received from Botanic Gardens and other
institutions include the following :—

iti uiana. Plants brought over for the Rubber Exhibition.

Calcutta. Tubers of Arisaema ; cullections of seeds from the
Himalayas.

Darjeeling. Orchids.

Dunedin. Collections of plants and seeds.

nited States Department of Agriculture. Plants and seeds.
Exchanges were made with the hoeante Gardens of Edinburgh,
Glasnevin, Cambridge and Oxford, and with most of the European
gardens upon whom Kew is largely dependent for seeds of those
annual herbaceous plants which fail to produce seeds at Kew.

r. W. Fox gave plants and seeds collected by him in the
Amazon region. Mr. J. Gossweiler sent seeds from Angola.
Dr. M. Grabham, Madeira, presented a quantity of Orchis foliosa.
Dr. Schonland, the Albany Museum, Grahamstown, presented
Euphorbias. Lady Hanbury, Ventimiglia, sent succulents, and a
collection of seeds. Mr. J. C. Harvey, Mexico, presented plants
and seeds. Dr. Kerr, Siam, gave plants and seeds. The Imperial
Institute presented stems of Castilloa lactiflua. Lord Li Ching-
fong (late Chinese Minister in London) sent Nelumbiums
from China. Mr. C.J. Lucas, Warnham Court, sent Sobralias,
Epidendrums, and other plants. Miss M. H. Mason, Cape

59

Colony, presented a collection of seeds. The Natural History
Museum, South Kensington, gave Musas from the Canary Islands.
Prof. H. H. W. Pearson, Cape Town, presented collections of
succulents obtained by the Percy Sladen Expedition, seeds collected
in Angola by Dr. McClelland Harrison, and Freesia corms. Seeds
of Welwitschia were received from the Botanic Gardens, Groningen.
Dr. Perez, Tenerife, sent seeds of Juniperus Cedrus, Cytisus
proliferus var. Canariae, Echium Pininana and other interesting
Canary Islands plants. Several presentations were made ex~
hibitors at the Rubber Exhibition held in London in July. rs
Simpson gave a very fine specimen of Platycerium alcicorne. The
United States National Museum presented succulents. Mrs.
Mie Falmouth, gave a collection of seeds from the F alkland
8

Among the seeds and plants of interest distributed from Kew
during the year were the following :—Chinese Meconopsis (seeds),
Cuscuta sp., Chile (seeds), Cytisus proliferus var. Canariae (seeds),
Hucommia ulmoides, Pinus patula, Rhamnus Purshiana (seeds),
Quercus Ilex (seeds to British Colonies), Zizania aquatica, and new
a Rhododendrons.

o Wardian cases of plants were sent to Zanzibar, three to

Brith Kast Africa, and one to British Guiana. Surplus trees and
shrubs and herbaceous plants were presented to public institutions,
and surplus Nymphaea tubers to public gardens; collections of
plants were sent to Brussels Botanic Garden, University Cillewe,
Cork, &c., &c.

Hardy Trees and Shrubs.—As has been the case for several seasons
past, the most notable additions in this department during 1911
have oe natives of China. The exploitation of the flora of’
Central and Western China which gave to the first decade of the
teecindsotli- emuay its most marked era so far as horti-
culture is concerned, was carried on during the early part of the
year by Mr. E. H. Wilson, who orang his fourth journey to a
successful conclusion in the spring. Kew, in conjunction with
H.M. Office of Woods and Forests, was a participator in the
enterprise and received in all 381 packets of seeds as its share.
Almost every one of these was labelled only with the generic name.
Among the new species, those of Abies and Picea will probably
arouse the most general interest. They represent some of the last
new types of their kind probably the world will yield. The seeds

erminated excellently, but unfortunately Kew will not be able to
do the plants justice. Conifers as a whole are not well suited at
Kew, and, of them all, Abies and Picea are the unhappiest. Fifty-
four packets of Rhododendron were received, only one of which
(No. 4234) failed. The other genera most strongly represented
were Acer, Cotoneaster, Lonicera, Rosa, Spiraea and um.
A Berberis (No. 1284) of Mr. Wilson’s collecting during his previous
i Pe flowered, and has since been named B, Stapjtana by Dr.

chn

Some interesting seeds collected by Mr. G. Forrest on the
Lichiang mountains and presented by Mr. J. C. Williams and Mr.
Bulley were alluded to in the Kew Bulletin, 1911, p. 203. To

60

Mr. Williams Kew is also much indebted for a fine example of
Enkianthus chinensis about five feet high—one of the rarest of all
shrubs in cultivation. ;

n March Mr. Maurice L. de Vilmorin sent a most interesting
set of over forty miscellaneous trees and shrubs. Corylus thibeteca
and the interesting Alnus cremastogyne were amongst them. From
Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons 36 Rhododendrons of Wilson’s collecting
were received. A new lilac previously obtained from the same
firm flowered and has been named Syringa Julianae by Dr.
Schneider. From Miss Willmott came a nice plant of Cunning-
hamia sinensis. This remarkable conifer, is, of course, an old one
in gardens, but, as hitherto represented, it has only been a success
in a few very favourably situated places. At Kew the trees are

parts of the habitat of this tree. The Earl of Annesley sent a
ood example of the new Picea morindoides, still very rare. Mr.
linton-Baker presented a plant of Fokienia Hodginsii, a new
enus of Coniferae, also seeds of the Formosan variety of

Cupressus obtusa and of Pinus Armandi var. Mastersiana.

rom the Arnold Arboretum several consignments of seeds and
plants have been received. Amongst the latter some new Magnolias
of Wilson’s collecting are of especial importance. To a genus of
such distinction as Magnolia every addition is particularly welcome.

The development of several unnamed Chinese poplars, willows and

beeches, sent by Professor Sargent, will be watched with interest.

One of the poplars Mr. Wilson describes as even finer than P.

lasiocarpa, which is itself certainly one of the most wonderful
lants recently come out of China, Salix magnifica, with oval
eaves like those of Arbutus Menziesii in shape and colour, but with

the blade as much as 8} inches long by 5} broad, is another
remarkable small tree quite different from any other known willow.

In striking contrast with it is Salix Bockii, a dainty little shrub

with leaves } to 3 inch long, and said by Wilson to be extremely

pretty in flower. Both these have been received. ;

Of American trees Mr, F. R. S. Balfour sent seeds of Rhamnus
Purshiana and acorns of Quercus densiflora, a handsome evergreen
oak of the Pasania section, whose leaves are clothed with a tomentum
milk-white in spring, tawny later. Of this oak only two trees are
peace known in the British Isles, both in the collection at Kew.

.

re-introduction welcome. From Messrs. Fisher, Son & Sibray, of

of F. ferruginea is its habit of producing suckers like an elm, plants
on their own roots are very desirable.

ew has continued to draw on the rich collection of Canon
Ellacombe at Bitton for plants which disappear in hard winters.
Aplopa, ertcoides and Rosa Hardii, among other things, were this
year obtained from him. Mr. M. Phillips Price, of Tibberton

61

Court, Gloucester, sent unnamed seeds collected by himself in
Mongolia during a recent exploring expedition. Some uncommon
species and garden varieties of rhododendron were sent by Sir
HE. G. Loder, Bart., from his fine collection at Leonardslee.

Waterfowl.—During the past year several additions by presentation
and exchange have been made — mst collection of Waterfowl in the
Royal Botanic Gardens. The —

1 pair of Fulvous tree ais ; 1 pair of Ruddy sheldrake ;
1 pair of Bahama ducks; 1 pair of Versicolor teal, and a
Scaup duck, presented by the Hon. N. C. Rothschild ; 1 pair
of Muscovy ducks, presented by the ee Society of
London; 1 pair of Demoiselle cranes; 1 pair of Chiloe
widgeon and 1 pair of Brazilian teal, rootived in gelcliigge
from the Zoological Society of London.

The black-necked swans again went to nest but failed to hatch
any young birds, and the storks hatched out two young birds as
usual, but they were not reared owing to the old birds having been
disturbed.

The greatest success was obtained with Carolina ducks, 24 young
birds being reared. Three common sheldrake and one red-
crested Pochard were also reared, as well as numerous Tufted duck.

Official Visits—During the past sot the vote for travelling
expenses has roan utilised as follo
a rector.—For the HERES of gk at the
pee erat’ of the Museum d’ Histoire Naturelle,
The Curator.—On visits to the Royal pee Saale Show,
N one and to various horticultural establishments at

The " Assistant Curator.—To visit the Royal Botanic
Gardens, Edinburgh.

The Keeper of the “Herbarium.—For the Wie of studying
the siyg iene of Spartina in the Isle of

Mr. wn, Assistant Keeper in the Herbarium.—To study
in the hierhagtn at Berlin and Lubeck

Mr. Rolfe, Assistant in the Herbarium,—To study in the
herbaria at Florence

Cotton, Assistant in the Herbarium.—In connection
with the Survey of Clare Island, Ireland, and also towards the
investigation of the growth of Colpomenia sinuosa on the
South Coast of England.

The Keeper of the Museums.—To visit the Royal Agri-
cultural Show at Norwich; to attend the meeting of the
Museums Association at Brighton, and to visit Liverpool in
connection with the importation of tropical products

Mr. Dallimore, Assistant in Museums,—To attend the Bath
and West and Southern Counties Agricultural Show at Cardiff,
and to visit the Forest of Dean; also to attend the Glasgow
Exhibition, the Scottish Arboricultural Society’s oan
and to visit various estates in Scotland in connection with
British Forestry.

62

Museums.—During the past year eee progress has been
made in generally improving and re-labelling the permanent
collections. The work of dealing. with ths products received from
the Japan-British Exhibition was continued and completed, and in
this connection it may be recorded that 5500 fully labelled
duplicate specimens have been distributed to 50 institutions,
including the following :—Avondale Forestry School, Rathdrum,
co. Wicklow ; Municipal Museum, Warrington ; Natural History
Museum and Art Gallery, Bristol ; Museum, Botanic Gardens,
Sydney, N.S.W.; University, Aberdeen ; Royal College of Science,
Dablin ; Science and Art Museum, Dublin ; ; South Bastern Agri-
cultural College, Wye, Kent; University, Leeds; and to the
Directors of Education, Glasgow, Liverpool. Cardiff, Hesatkashewn,
Hull, London

Man fivaeatia products have been received from 137 con-
tributors and placed in position in the collections, and those of
pers 2 interest have been recorded from time to time in the

The Museum Staff has been fully occupied in determining
vegetable economic products, and in giving general information on
these matters to an increasing number of correspondents.

Collections were prepared from duplicate material, chiefly of
subjects bearing upon Forestry, for the exhibit of the Board of
Agriculture and Fisheries at the Shepherd’s Bush Exhibition, for
the Royal Scottish Exhibition, rae and for the Bath and
West and Southern Counties Show, held at Cardiff.

Individual members of the Staff attotided the above-mentioned
Exhibitions and Shows, the Royal Show at Norwich, the Meeting
of the Museums Association at Brighton, and the Annual Excursion
of the Royal Scottish Arboricultural Society to the Border
Country.

Presentations to Museums.—The following miscellaneous specimens

abe been received in addition to those previously recorded in the
tin

The Right Honourable the Earl of Plymouth, St. Fagan’s

Castle, Cardiff—Diseased branches of Ash, Larch trunk infested

Me Aphis. Larch eank injured by Honeyatekla and afterwards

Canker. Twenty-four photographs of subjects connected with

Borest

The Right Honourable the Earl of Reine Chevening, Seven-
oaks.—Section of wood of Corylus Avellan

Mr. M. P. Price, Tibberton Court, Gionesatae —Section of stem
of Saxaul (Haloxylon Ammodendron). Used by Tartars as fuel and
by Russians on the Central Asian anes to prevent sand drifting.

The BSS Honourable the Earl of Albemarle, Quidenham,
Attleborough.—Board of Black Walnut.

Messrs. — Black and Sons, Berwick-on-Tweed.—Model of
Creosoting Plant.

Dr. Tromp de Haas, Netherlands —— International Rubber
Exhibition.—Gutta Percha extracted from leaves of Dichopsis
Gutta, Rubber from Ficus elastica, :

63

United Mala amt Beg 3 Co., International Rubber igen.
—Trunk of Jelutong (Dyera costulata). Photographs of
: = ale tree and. fails of rubber extracted from “ Gutta

elutong.

Malay Development Agency, International Rubber Exhibition.—
Samples of Para Rubber and Gutta Percha.

Mr. R. Fyffe, Uganda Section, International Rubber Exhibition.

—Tapped stem of Ceara rubber — . Glaziovit) also samples
of sheet and biscuit Ceara ru Rubber from Cltandra
orientalis, —— Dawei and Tees brasiliensis. Photographs
of rubber tre

Mr. Powell, East African Protectorate Section, International
Rubber Exhibition—Rubber from Mascarenhasia elastica a
Manihot Glaziovii. rin se al fr of a Sisal Hemp (Agave rigida,
var. stsalana) Plant

Meo Aw EB. Aspinall West Indies Section, International Rubber
Exhibition.—Rubber from Castilloa elastica, Ficus elastica, Hevea
brasiliensis and Funtumia elastica, also seeds of the latter.

Mr. F. A. Stockdale, British Guiana Section, International
Rubber Exhibition.—Rubber from Sapium Jenmani, Hevea confusa,
and Hevea brasiliensis

Mr. W . Tudhope, Gold Coast Section, os Rubber
Exhibition.—Rubber and stem of Funtumia elast Rubber from
Landolphia owariensis, Ficus Vogelii, and Hoves brasiliensis.
Flowers and seeds of Manihot Glaziovii. Flowers of Manihot
dichotoma. Seeds of Hevea brasiliensis. Rubber tapping knife.
Ropes used in rota by natives. Basket used by natives for
carrying pabbet ge
Mr. W. k. Miard, alte Sussex.—Sections of trunks of
Sequoia gigantea and Pice elsa

We, Hutchinson, Dumfries. —Examples of Clogs and
Clog-soles of Alder and Birch in various stages of manufacture.

The Right Honourable Lord Strathcona, Grosvenor Square,
London.—Photographs illustrating the regeneration of Larch and
Scots Pine, also photographs of Old Scots Pine, Oak, Beech and

zarch.

Mrs. hb beci Newbury, Berks—Cones of Picea pungens and
of its variety glau

uperintendent, ‘Royal Botanic Gardens, Calcutta.—Seventeen
photographic pol aad of views of Cinchona Plantation and
ae, at Munsong, In
KE. Aspinall, Weal Indian Committee, Seething Lane,
Loekods EC. wre bear of West Indian Produce from the
Coronation Exhibiti

Mr. Charles Colitiid Rogers, Stanage Park, rae Ses
—Planks os Alder, Birch, “Willow, and Haw thorn. Cones of
Picea rub

r. W. ‘Seowase Fothringham, — Perthshire.—Two models
of Stock- and Rabbit-proof water:

The Most Honourable the saith of Graham, Brodick
Castle, Arran— Section of trunk o

Sir Hugh Shaw-Stewart, Bart., Ardgowan, Greenock.—Section
of trunk of Abies pectinata.

64

Messrs. Alex. Jack and Sons, Ltd., Maybole. aT amet of
felloes, spokes and naves of wheels of home grown timber

The Most Honourable the Marquess of Ailsa, Culzean Castle,
Ayr.—Two sections of Ash.

Mr. R. A. Murray Allan, Glenfeochan, Oban.—Transverse
section of Larch.

Mr. Thomas Strachan, Keir Estate, Dunblane.—Model of Field
gate made of Yew

Sir C. T. Dyke-Acland, Bart., Killerton, Exeter. —Plank and
transverse section of Cryptomeria japonica.

Imperial Commissioner of Agriculture, Barbados.—Photographs
of Orange (Citrus Aurantium) cael: beta towards a con-
dition similar to that in the Navel

Curator, Economic Garden, ode Calabar.—-Sample of native
Cotton Yarn dyed with Indigofera arrecta,

Senor Annibal Ferreira da Gama, St. Thomé. oy hak and leaves
of the a varieties of Cacao saltidated i in St. Thomé.

C r, Botanic Gardens, Dominica.—Fruits of ee Cacao
(Theobroma angustifolia) from a tree fruited for the first time in
Dominica.

Mr. Francis de St. Croix, Jersey.—Fruits of Fomegrenat?
ripened on a tree 16 or 17 years old growing in the open in Jersey

Canon Ellacombe, Bitton Vicarage, Bristol—Fruits of Pédie-
granate ripened in the open at Bitton.

Mr. 8. Fraser, Kingussie——Cones of Pinus Cembra.

Messrs. Turnbull and Co., Glasgow.—Niueteen samples illus-
trative of the destructive distillation of wood.

Presentation of a piece of Plate—The International Rubber
Exhibition held in London in July last was made the occasion
of an interesting presentation of a handsome silver salver to the
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, commemoration of the Fier
played by this institution in Sie: initiation of the Para rubbe
gens: in the Eastern Hemisphere.

he presentation was made by the Rubber Growers’ Association

“aes a banquet held on July 7th, 1911, and the salver was accepted

on behalf of the Royal Botanic Gardens by Sir W. T. Thiselton-
yer.

At the same time a telegram was sent by the Chairman to Sir
J. D. Hooker, during whose directorship the introduction of Hevea
brasiliensis to our Eastern possessions took place. In acknowledging
the gift, Sir W. T. Thiselton-Dyer said :—

Sir Henry Blake and gentlemen,—I think the Permanent Secre-
tary of the Colonial Office, who is present with us to-night, will
ee with me that this is rather a unique occasion in official history.

ou know that civil servants serve under the Crown, I think I
may say, without fear or expectation of fayour. When they do
their duty they are subject to a ~—* deal of critielem. o—_ are

65

very glad when their efforts meet with some success. I can honestly
say, as far as I know, that the last thing they expect to get is the
smallest credit for it. I find myself now in front of a stupendous
piece of plate which Sir John Anderson suggests I should take
away under my arm. I confess that I find the situation rather
embarrassing, but I am very much comforted when I read the
inscription because nothing is more impossible than for a servant
of the Crown to receive any substantial recognition of anything he
has done. What Kew did in this matter was nothing more than its
ordinary routine work. hat institution now lives in the third
century of its existence. As I have reminded my neighbour, the

onsul General for Germany, it was founded in the 18th ceutury
by a princess of his nation, who, to adopt the words of Mr. Gladstone,
“cast her aspirations into the future” of her adopted country
when she founded Kew. We have done many things in the past
at Kew. en I say “we,” I speak of a considerable procession
of predecessors in the 18th century. _We—that is Kew—+tried in
the same way as we engaged in the rubber enterprise to transfer the
bread fruit from the Pacific to the West Indies. The mutiny of
the Bounty grew out of that attempt, and there was a chivalrous
predecessor of Mr. Wickham in the Kew gardener, who stuck to
the captain, and died from exposure in the boat. Peace has its
victims as well as war. Well, we succeeded with regard to rubber.
T can assure you that on that 14th of June, when Mr. Wickham
arrived at Kew in a hansom cab with his precious bag of seeds, not
even the wildest imagination could have contemplated its result in
this banquet to-night. What we did was done in the most ordinary
and routine way. I was the lieutenant then. My chief, who is now
in his 95th year, and who has the vigour of youth, but is not
allowed to dine out, would have enjoyed very much to be present
here to-night ; but there is one whom I miss, who was the prime
mover in the enterprise—one to whom your cheer should go up—
Sir Clements Markham. (Applause.) He was the prime mover
also in introducing the Cinchona plant into India and giving India
the advantage of quinine. He travelled in South America, and I
think that out of quinine the idea came to him that he would round
off that part of his life’s work by giving to the East rubber as
well, When I tell you that owing to Markham the natives of
Bengal for a farthing can get 5 grains of quinine at any post office,
you will realise what he did with the help of Kew in introducing
the Cinchona tree into India. In the same humdrum way we did
the same with rubber. I saw Mr. Wickham’s seeds planted. We
knew it was touch and go, because it was likely the seeds would not
germinate. I remember well on the third day, going into the
propagating house where they were planted and seeing that by good
luck the seed was germinating. So rapidly did the plants grow—
1,900 of them—that we had to have special cases made. n
August 12th, 38 cases went out to Ceylon on a P. and O. steamer
in charge of a gardener, but I will not bore you with other details.
You yourselves are able to judge of the results and you can appre-
ciate the advantage of Kew taking up a matter of this kind. ‘The
whole expense of initiation, and the whole burden of finance from
first to last, was borne by the India Office, and the people to whom

rr E

66

the colonies in the East ought to be grateful is the Indian Govern-
ment, which, I am afraid, has reaped very little advantage. You
owe it that debt and it is a deep debt. I would also like to point
out that Kew is not merely an isolated institution in a London
suburb ; it is in communication with a network of similar institu-
tions all over the Empire, and it has the advantage of being able to
command the assistance and co-operation of all of them. It may
interest you to know that owing to advice that nothing of the kind
would grow inthe plains of Bengal, we refrained from sending these
precious Hevea plants to Calcutta, but with the consent of the Indian
Office, which was generous enough under the circumstances, we
sent them to the Ceylon Botanic Gardens. From Ceylon we were
able to supply the Straits Settlements, and so we planted the Hevea
in a climate and under physical conditions which were most suited
to them. But, as you know, at that time the East was not ready
for them ; it required imagination to see their future, but we had
scientific colleagues who watched over their growth and helped the
enterprise in the best possible way. I need not enumerate their
names, they are perpetuated on this salver, which will pass into
the custody of my successors at Kew. But I might say a wor
about my friend, Mr. Ridley, who has assiduously nurtured the
rubber industry and fostered its expansion in the Native States.
There is nothing more to add except that the thing has been a great
success, Kew has attempted many things; some have failed and
some have succeeded ; and, as far as the officials at Kew are con-
cerned, they feel that it is generous of you to make this presentation.
I am sorry my successor is not present to-night, or he wou e
endorsed what I have said. e have but done our duty. Such a
gift is no doubt highly irregular ; but what I put to my conscience
is that it is not a present to any individual—it is a present to Kew
and to the nation, and it will be preserved at Kew as a public
memorial. Kew has received many gifts from persons who are
anxious to develop its usefulness. This, perhaps, will also answer ~
that ae as it will give an encouragement for the future.
(App ause.) :

The salver, which is engraved with the Royal Arms, bears the
following inscription :—

PRESENTED
BY A NUMBER OF THOSE INTERESTED IN
THE EASTERN RUBBER INDUSTRY,

T
THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW.
TO COMMEMORATE THE INTRODUCTION OF
HEVEA BRASILIENSIS, THE PARA RUBBER,
INTO THE EASTERN HEMISPHERE,
AN ACHIEVEMENT WHICH LAID THE FOUNDATION OF A MOST
IMPORTANT INDUSTRY.
InpIa OFFICE Ciements MarkHam.
Ww Hooker, THisELTON-DYER.
CEYLON TAWAITES, TRIMEN. .
Maay PENINSULA CantLey, Murton, Low, RIDLEY.
CoLLECTORS _ WickHam, Cross. <page
3 ee Pa) ee ee
The salver has been placed on exhibition in Museum No, I, _

67
Research in Jodrell Laboratory in 1911 :—

Bancroft, K—A Pine Disease (Diplodia pinea, Kickx): (Kew
Bull., 1911, pp. 60-62

Boodle, L. A. and Dallimore, W .—Report on Motley ig! made
regarding “Beech Coccus” (Cryptococeus fagi, Baren-
sprung). (Kew Bull., 1911, pp. 332-343.

Lawson, A. A.—The Phase of the Nucleus known as Synapsis.
(Trans. Roy. Soc., Edinburgh, Vol. xlvii., part 3, pp. 591-
604, tt. 1 and 2

ee A. J—The structure of Mesoxylon ep Scott.

n. Bot., Vol. xxv., pp. 381-414, tt. 33-3

Massee, A Disease of the Lilac (Halisethosortwrt syringae,
Klebahn). (Kew Bull., 1911, pp. 81-82, with one plate.)

asses, 6 jhe use of Carbon Bisulphide, (Kew Bull., 1911,
pp. 169-170, with fig. in text.

Massee, aoa New Pain daaro hi Fungus (Phoma pigmen-
wo Mass.). (Kew Bull., 1911, pp. 325-326, with one

pitt

(Mate, “G.)—Root Tumours of Sugar-Beet. Seeks Board

.. Vol, xvii., pp. 830-831, with one plate

(Massey @}—Bii stati Canker of Apple Tree (Nummularia
cies Tul.). (Journ. Board Agric., Vol. xviii.,
pp. 3 Ce con one plate.)

[ Massee, a. - mber and Melon Disease New to Britain.
Nile Bea Ape Vol. xvii., pp. 670-671, with ene

plate.)
Takeda, H— The Japanese Species of Cerastium. (Kew Bull,
1911, pp. 100-109, with one plate
pen W. B. and Boodle, - pa ag Hybrid Heath. (Kew
, 1911, pp. 378-37
Mr. L. : Boodle studied the atl of the bark of the Beech
in relation to attacks of the Beech-Ceccus, and began an examina-
tion ofthe anatomy of the seed of some Aroids : see above.
Mr. C. O. Farquharson iwrostigaied a disease of Water-lilies.
Mr. J. Fraser, on behalf of Lord Avebury, continued the study
of pollen-grains begun in 1909.
Mr. H. B. Lacey began an anatomical and experimental
investigation of some examples of succulent leaves.
n made a further examination of Mesozy lon
Sutelipi for the sae i of his paper on this fossil plant :
abov
Prof. W. Sra studied the chloroplasts and chromoplasts in a
pet of plants.
Mr. - Worsdell continued the preparation of his morphol-
ogical wreak on Vegetable Teratolo
Prof. R. H. Yapp investigated the anatomical structure and
development of the leaves of Spiraea Ulmaria in order to complete
some researches on certain ecological problems presented by this
=

Pathology.—The public generally are beginning to realise that
the diseases from which plants suffer may in many instances be due
to insects or fungi, hence the quantity of material submitted to

68

Kew for investigation, and the number of reports issued, increases
annually, The ‘exceptionally dry season has obviously favoured the
growth and extension of many mildews. Wart disease of potatoes
shows a decided tendency to attack above-ground parts of the plant,
in addition to the tubers. The gooseberry * Cluster-cup "—Puc-
cinia Pringsheimiana, Kiebahn—has been exceptionally abundant,
especially in Scotland, where the fruit, as well as the foliage, has
been attacke

Attention has been given to the diseases attacking sweet peas,
asters, &c. e somewhat obscure disease resulting in the death
of rhododendron branches has also been investigated.

Diseased material has also been received at Kew from Queens-
land, New Zealand, Federated Malay States, Nigeria, &c.

Additions to the Herbarium during 1911—More than 19,000
os ave been received as donations or exchanges, and

ut 7,000 have been purchased. The principal collections are
envacarated below.

UROPE. Presented:—A. Jordan’s Herbarium, by Miss E.
Willmott ; Fungi, by Abate G. Bresadola; Russia, by Mr. J. F.
Duthie ; ‘ Kryptogamae Exsiccatae,” cent. xviii. and xix., by the
Vienna "Hofmuseum : Herbarium Hieraciorum Scandinaviae,” cent.
xxi. and xxiy., by Dr. H. Dahlstedt.

Purchased Rav. S. Enander, “Salices Scandinaviae,” Nos.
101-150 ; W. Transchel and J. Se rebrianikow, “ Mycotheca
Rossica,” fase. 3-5; H. Sydow, “ Mycotheca Germanica,” fase.
20-21; Dr. A. de Degen, “ Gramina Hungarica,” fase. 7.

RIENT AND Norta Asia. Presented :—Siberia, (V. L.
Komarov), through the ag Botanic Gardens, St. Petersburg ;
North-west we ee y Mr. M. P. Price; Turkestan and the
Caucasus (F. N, Mover, through the United States cae
of Agriculture.

Purchased :—Th. Strauss, Western Persia.

CHINA AND JAPAN, oe :—Shensi and Kansu, by Sir
Alex. Hosie ; Meet by J. Tutcher

Purchased :—A. K, Schindler, China ; Pére E. J. Taquet and
Dr. R. G. Mills, Core

INDIA AND ees, Presented :—Sir a S. Gough’s Herb-
arium, aby the ig Societ oh Col. R. H. L, Beddome’ 8 ete

North-West India and Sikkim, by Mr. s. R. Drummond ; Banik
y Mr. J. H. Lace; Siam, by Dr. A. F. G. Kerr; Malay
a by Mr. H. N. Ridley ; Philippine — by) Mr. E. D.

Purchased :-—A. D, E. Binios Philippine Isiands.

AUSTRALASIA, Presented :—Western Australia, by Dr. Alex.
Morrison ; New Zealand, by Mr. T. F. Cheeseman.

Purchased :—Max Koch, Western Australia ; 3 Dr. F. Vaupel,

amoa,

69.

YroprcaL Arrica. Presented:—Sierra Leone, by Mr. C.-E.
Lane-Poole ; Northern Nigeria, by Dr. J. M. Dalziel and Mr. C. C.
Yates ; Southern Nigeria, oe Mr. and Mrs. P. A. Talbot (through
the British 1] Museum), Mr. N. W. Thomas; French West Africa,
by Dr. Aug. Chevalier ; Somaliland, YoU, me ts. DE ake-
Brockman; Belgian Congo (A. Sapin), by the Brussels Botanic
Garden, and by the Rev. F. A. Rogers ; Angola, Cazengo, by Mr.
John Gossweiler ; Mozambique, by r. M. T. Dawe; orth-
west Rhodesia, by Miss A. E. Gairdner and Mrs, Macaulay, and by
Rev. F. A. Rogers ; Bulawayo and the Matoppo Hills, by Lt.-Col.

Purchased :—C. F. M. Swynnerton, Gazaland.

Sourn Arrica, Presented :—South-west Africa, Percy Sladen
Memorial Expedition, Prof. H. H. W. aoe by the Percy
aden Trustees; Transvaal, by Lt.-Col. A. F. Appleton ;
Basutoland, Dieterlen, by Prof. Ch. Flahault ; various, by Mr.

K. E. Galpin and Mr. E. P. Phillips.
Purchased :—Miss Olive Nation, Transvaal; Miss M.
ahd Swaziland ; sree: Alice Pegler, Kentani ; Sas Rudatis,
tal.

NG AMERICA. Presented :—Newfoundland, by Mrs. E. G.
Britton ; United States, by the United i National Herbarium ;
Bermuda, by the Government of Berm

Purchased :—J. Macoun, Canads ¢ ; A. A. Heller, Nevada ;
F. S. Collins, “ Phycotheca Boreali- Americana,” fase. 34-35.

Mexico. Purchased :—C. R. Orcutt.

West Inpies. Presented:—Jamaica, by Mr. W. Harris ;
Jamaica and Bahamas, by Mrs. E. G. Britton; eee West
Indies, Dr. J. Boldingh, by the Rijks eb Se Utrec

“Purch ased :~-Baron Tiirckheim, San Doming

Souta AmeEricA. Presented: Sas ae by ere We P.

‘or ; British Guiana, by Mr. F. A. Stockdale; Brazil, by
F, Theissen; Bolivia, Mr. R. 8S. Williams — Martin

Conway Expedition), by the New York Botanical Gard

-A set of more than 1200 peers oe various iooaltiie has
been presented by the Paris Herbari ri Stephani has
presented specimens of a new species of Frullania described by him
Thanks to the kindness of the Bentham Trustees a collection of
figures of fungi, including 7000 sheets, the work of Dr. M. C.
Cooke, has recently been presented to the Herbarium. Dr. se s
original collection has been installed in the Herbarium for gs
years, and the total number of sheets of the combined silosGous
amounts to 30,000. The majority are original drawings, and range
over the entire family of fungi, special attention having been
devoted to the delineation of microscopic forms. The specimens
collected by Mr. M. P. Price during his recent sti
through North-west Mongolia have been presente
The Corean ach pe ties from Pere E. J. Taquet ott
chiefly of Cyperaceae, Gramineae and Leguminosae. oN.
Ridley’ s Satlidtion ‘contains plants collected by him in Borneo

70

and various parts of the Malay he itl and includes many new
species described by him. Dr. A. F. G. Kerr continues to send
excellent specimens from Sian, Mr. T, F. Cheeseman has
presented additional specimens used in the preparation of his
* Tilustrations of the New Zealand Flora,” the drawings for which
have just been completed at Kew. Colonel Beddome’s collection
forms a valuable addition to the fern herbarium at Kew. Numerous
small collections from Tropical and South Africa have been
received in addition to those enumerated above.

During the year nearly 6000 specimens have been received on
loan in connection with the preparation of the Flora of Tropical
Africa and the Flora Capensis, or for clearing up doubtful points.

Presentations to the Library during 1911.—The Bentham Trustees
have presented a copy of William Turner’s rare little work, Zhe

wyth the commune names that Herbaries and Apotecaries use, a small
octavo of 64 leaves published in 1548. On account of the rarity
and interest of the volume, a reprint, edited by Mr. James Britten,
was published for the English Dialect Society in 1881. A copy of
De historia ne commentarit insignes Sey Sed 1549), by L.
Fuchs, i in W the fine illustrations of the folio edition of 1542
appear in a $ey much reduced form, has also been added to the
library by the Bentham Trustees and the issues for the year
of about thirty serial or periodical works, continuing sets which have
been acquire y the same means. In previous notes on present-

The late Sir J. D. Hooker, O.M., G.C.S 5 eekaes to the end
of his long and brilliant career to manifest, in every possible manner
his as oe interest in the welfare of the various departments at

or many years he gave to the library his personal copies
om several of the publications issued by the numerous learned
societies and academies of which he was a member, and these now
form long series of volumes which are indispensable Pa the efficient
working of the establishment

From the Trustees of the British Museum has been received the
second part of A mares Hy h of British Lichens, by Miss A. L. Smith.
The first part, by J. M. Viowbie, presented by the same Trustees,
se ae in 1894

e Secretary of State for India has presented The English
yeh in India, by W. Foster. The last volume of the five ee
issued covers the period from 1634 to 1636. To him also
library is indebted for a copy of the fourth edition of vol. iii. af
— Manual of Forest try.

71

Sir Frank Crisp has presented the Flora von Thiiringen und den
eee ERA ie by J. C. Zenker, D.F. oe von Schlechtendal
and ethal, the drawings by E. Schenk. The work is in
twelve Baal” ee! volumes and filaden "1439 well-executed
plates. Fleurs des champs et des bois des hates et ge murs, by H.
Correvon, has also been presented by Sir Frank

A handsome quarto volume entitled: A mae on the Pines of
Bu ees has been received from the authors, Messrs. R. T. Baker
and H. G. Smith. The “ Pines” of this work belong to the eleven
different genera of the Coniferae inhabiting Australia, the largest
of which is the genus Callitris, with 18 species. Pinus itself is not
represented in Australia. The present work forms a companion
volume to that issued in 1902 on the Eucalypts, which were dealt
with by the same authors, who kindly gave a copy to the Kew library.

Dr, Auguste Chevalier has just published under the title Sudania,
the first volume of an enumeration of the plants collected by him
in Tropical Africa, during the years 1898 to 1910. The determina-
tions are in numerical order from no. 1 to no. 12 ,000, and have
been supplied by various botanists. Only 35 copies of the work,
which has been reproduced by fhcotacky Th have been issued. A
copy has reached Kew from Dr. Chevalier, also the sixth fascicle of
his work, Les Végétaux utiles de 1 Afrique tropicale.

Die Vegetation des Untersees (Bodensee), by EK. Baumann, and
Beitrige zur vergleichenden Anatomie und zur "5 stematth der Con-
naraceen, by G. Rsnenen ae: are dissertations presented to the
library by Dr. Hans Schin

Lieut.-Col. J. J. Wood, I.M.S., has presented the manuscript,
with additional notes, of his treatise on the Plants of Chutia Nagpur,
which forms vol. ii. no. 1, of the Records of the Botanical Survey
of India; also an interleaved and copiously annotated copy of the
published work

The Index to the second edition of Iinuma Yokusai’s Somoku-
Dusets has been added to the library by Mr. T. Makino, through
the kind offices of Dr. B. Hayata. -

From the University Press, Berkeley, California, has been
received a copy of Dr. W. L. Jepson’s Silva of California, a hand-
some quarto volume including 85 plates and 3 maps. It forms
vol. ii. of the Memoirs of the University of California. A copy of
Dr. Jepson’s Flora of Western tage California, second edition,
nee: been received from the autho

much enlarged edition of the Farm Weeds of Canada, by
G. WD Clark and J. Fletcher, elaborately bound, has been presented
by the Canadian Government Exhibition Commissioner at the
Festival of Empire held at the Crystal Palace during the summer.
This work, which contains 76 coloured plates of considerable merit,
must be of great value to those for whom it is designed.

Mr. J. H. Maiden has sent parts 12 and 13 of bie. Critical Revision
of the genus Eucalyptus, and parts 2 and 3 of his Illustrations of

various Australian societies’ journals. The issues for the year of
this author’s Forest Flora of New South Wales, which now extends
to part 5 of vol. v., have been received, as were the issues of previous

72

years, from the Honourable the Secretary for Agriculture, New
South Wales. A duplicate set of parts 1 to 36 of this work have
been presented by Mr. Finlay Sanderson.

The third part of vol. ii. of Trees and Shrubs, edited by C. S.
Sargent, has been received from the publishers of the work,
Messrs. Houghton Mifflin Company. A note on this valuable
publication appeared on p. -382 of the Kew Bulletin for 1911.
Plantae Ay emer an enumeration of the woody plants collected
in Western China for the Arnold Arboretum during the years 1907,
1908, and 1910, by E. H. Wilson, is also edited by Prof. Sargent,
who has prsiented the first part issued last J uly.

A sant of Plant-names, by H. L. Gerth van Wijk, a fe
volume of 1444 pages, has reached va library from the Dutch
Society of Baio: Haarlem. In this volume the arrangement is
according to the Latin names, under which are given as far as
known the oe Ager ic biden and Dutch names. A second
volume, in whic on names in the languages mentioned
will be alphabetically wranged ad followed in each” case by the
Latin mea is in preparation.

Mr. Antony Gepp have presented a copy of their
beautifully illustrated work, The Codiaceae of the Siboga gg settee
Etudes sur la Flore des Districts des Bangala et de ? Uban
(Congo belge), by E. De Wildeman, has been received from Niavair.
Misch & Thron of Brussels ; Genes and Development of Sand
Formations on Marine Coasts, by Pehr Olsson-Seffer, from the
Board of Directors of Augustana College and Theological Seminary,
Rock Island, Illinois; Die palaeobotanische Literatur, edited by

. Jongmans, vol. ii, from the Direction, ’s Rijks He rbarium,
Leiden ; Papers and Repor ts on Cotton Cultivation Cintarnttiondl
Association of Tropical Agriculture and Colonial Development),
by W. R. Dunstan, from the author; Icones Orchidearum Austro-
Africanarum, by H. Bolus, vol. ii., from Miss L. Kensit; The
y Se Rubber Industry and Funtumia elastica, aS C, Christy ;

Orchids for everyone, by H. Curtis, from — As We Hill;
the second part of Dr. Gliick’s Biologise he u d-morphologische
Untersuchungen iiber Wasser-und Sutin retatian from Dr. O. V.
Darbishire

Mr. W. Botting Hemsley has presented Chloris rage toed
Argentina, by C. M. Hicken, a - copy of T

merican Species of Panicum, by A. S. a and eee
Chase, and El Jardin Botdnico de Buenos Aires, by: C. Thays.
A second copy of the last named work has also been received from
the author.

The Physiography of the River Nile and its Basin, by H. G. Lyons,
has been presented by the Director General of the Survey Depari-
ment, Egypt.

Treatises on Algae by M.H. Foslie, Madame Paul Lashes,
and C. J. F. auntie and other papers have been received
from their authors, amongst whom may be mentioned Dr. V. F.
Brotherus, Dr. C, C. Hosseus, Mrs. Sepa terae E Messrs.
G. Massee, F. Theissen, H.S. Thompson, and Dr. Karl Rechinger, -
the publications appearing under their names in the supplement to-

73

the Library Pe ti which will form Appendix II, of the Kew
Bulletin for 1912

The establishment { is indebted to the Director of the Department
of Agriculture, Buitenzorg, the Director of the Agricultural
Research Institute, ime Bengal, and the Secretary of Agri-
culture, Washington, for the numerous valuable publications received
from them, most of which are periodicals or serials continuing sets
in the library.

An excellent wall map of the Malay Peninsula, compiled by and
published for the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society,
Singapore, has been presented by the Society through the kind
offices of Mr. H. N. Ridley.

Botanical Magazine for January.—The plants figured are eee
(Knesebeckhia) dichroa, Sprague (t. 8412); Elliottia racemosa,

(t. 8413); Berberis Wilsonae Hemsl. (t. 8414); poo (Herschelia)
lugens, Bolus (t. 8415); Calcevlaria cana, Cav. (t. 8416).

The Begonia is an aoe plant with peculiar siteig orange-
scarlet flowers. ‘Though placed in the section Knesebechia it
ge ai a somewhat isolated position and shows striking resemblance

o B. maculata, Raddi, of the section Gaerdtia in which the two
sees of the placenta bear ovules on their site surfaces only.
B, dichroa may therefore be a hybrid between two species belonging
to different sections, but there is no direct evidence in support of
this view. The subject of the ee was obtained from Messrs.
Haage & Schmidt, Erfurt, in 1907

Elliottia racemosa is a shrub or sina! tree now confined to a very
small area in northern Georgia and South Carolina, where it is a
rare plant. The Kew plants were received from the late Mr. P.
Berckmans, in 1902, a previous attempt to introduce it in 1894,
having failed. One of the plants flowered well in July last, and its
racemes of sweet-scented waxy white flowers were quite beauti
The buds at first pendulous become erect shortly before expanding
and the flowers when open are in a more or less horizontal position.
Unfortunately all attempts to produce seed have failed.

Among the many new forms of Berberts recently introduced from
China B. Wilsonae is one of the most distinct and eS
It was found by Mr. E. H. Wilson near Tatien-lu in 1903,
was presented to Kew by Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons in ‘1907,
It is a dwarf spreading plant suitable for rock garden culture,
and at Kew the young plants tend to retain their foliage during
the winter.

Disa lugens is one of the “blue” Disas. Formerly it was con-
fused with the nearly allied D. bar. bata, Sw., but
distinguished by the metallic greenish-purple hue of its rcs In
South Africa it is found on the Cape Flats in moist sandy s
among Restiaceae at about 100 feet above sea level. The specimen
which forms the subject of the plate was received from Mr. H. J.
Elwes of Colesborne.

22242 SRS F

74

| Calceolaria was raised from seed purchased in 1910 from
r. J. D. Husbands, Limavida, Chile. It is one of the species
rene ss to that a and has been collected by Mr. Elwes as far
south as the Baiios de Chillan in Nuble at 5000-6000 feet above
sea level, and by Prof. Philippi as far north as the province of
Coquimbo. The plant bears a striking resemblance when not in
flower to a Stachys or a Gnaphalium with its white woolly leaves.
The flowers are borne in elongated lax corymbose inflorescences,
and are pale violet or rose-coloured with a scent of violets.

Rubber-yielding Plants from Peru—Mr. W. Fox, on a recent
journey in the territory between the rivers Putumayo and Caqueta,
collected five rubber-yielding plants, about which he has furnished
the following particulars :—Hevea Foxii, Huber, is by far the most

common and the best rubber-yielding species, and is the source of
the Para rubber of commerce from this region. This species bears
the vernacular name of I[turi or Iserai, but these names also eke?
to be applied to another species of Hevea, allied to H. lutea. Of
the rubber exported from this region 75 per cent. is dosed from
- Hevea Foxit, and these trees are the only ones which are properly
tapped. All the other rubber plants are cut down for the extraction
of their latex
Hevea is tapped by incisions made with a machete, and the
latex is allowed to run down the tree to the ground, where it
ulates. ‘The rubber is recovered in strips, which are taken to
a stream and washed, and it is then rolled into rabos or tails, in
which form it arrives in London. This crude method is due to the
wide area over which the trees are scattered.

Micrandra minor, Benth., bearing the vernacular names Huemega
or Wakati Ewickeri, was found fairly evenly distributed, but was
becoming scarce owing to the destructive methods of working. The
latex of this tree is mixed with that of the Hevea, and is also
used for wrapping the rabos or tails.

A species of Castilloa, probably. C. elastica, though somewhat
different from the type, was also collected, but as leafy specimens
only ; it bears the name Caucho negro or cone. It is only
found in ee near the Caqueti and Putumayo rivers. The

case with the other trees.
Another tree yielding rubber is the Minyadotana, a new species
o Zschokkea described in K.B. 1912, p. 38, under the name
Z. Foxii, Stapf. The tree is not very widely spread, and is
becoming scarce owing to the methods of working. The latex is
used for mixing with that of the Castilloa and the Hevea
Lastly, a gutta-yielding plant was found which is ; probably
Sideroxylon cyrtobotryum, Mart. This plant, which is known by the
native name Arorate, is rare and was met with only at Oriente,
near the Igara —— and the yield is therefore a negligible
quantity.

“tag
>

[All Rights Reserved.]

-. |ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW.

- BULLETIN

OF

MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.

No. 2.] (1912.

VI—NOTES ON TREES SUITABLE FOR EXPERI-
“MENTAL FORESTRY.* ITI. AMERICAN CONIFERS.

W. DaLLIMORE.

Tur Repwoop (Sequoia sempervirens, Endl.) If free growth
and rapid development were the only qualifications necessary to
make this tree a success in British forests, it might be planted
without further delay, but it remains to be proved whether the
timber will be good enough to warrant extensive plantations. The
important place occupied by the species in the lumber trade of
America, is, however, a sufficient recommendation to warrant it a
good trial here. .
~ An idea of its rapid growth in the British Isles may be gathered
from the fact that, although it was not introduced before 1846,
there are numerous trees between 70 and 110 feet in height, with
girths ranging from 8 to 14 feet. As fast growth is quite natural
_to the ‘tree, there is no reason to suppose that the timber from
forest-grown examples would, on that account, be so coarse as that
produced by ornamental specimens. Seas

Sequoia sempervirens is a native of California and is found from
the northern boundary of the State, southward to the southern
boundary of Monterey County, on the mountain slopes and on flat
lands near the rivers, where the atmosphere is moist and the
temperature fairly equable. ‘

- The United States Department of Agriculture, Forestry Section,
has published a Bulletin, No. 38, on “ The Redwood.” It is divided
into three parts, i, “ A Study of the Redwood” ; ii, “The Brown
Rot Disease of the Redwood ”; iii, “ Insect Enemies of the Red-
wood.” In this Bulletin, which is well illustrated, the redwood and
its peculiarities are dealt with very fully, and the following notes
have been extracted. The tree reaches its greatest size on the
flats where the soil is moist and the atmosphere misty. Under
such conditions it grows to a height of 350 feet with a diameter of

* The previous articles were published in K.B., 1911, p. 211 and p. 303.
(22806—6a.) Wt. 118—9, 1125. 3/12. D&S, j

76

20 feet. On the slopes its maximum height is 225 feet and its
greatest diameter 10 feet. Most of the large redwoods are from
400 to 800 years old, but the trees begin to die down and growth
falls off after the age of 500 years has been reached. The oldest
redwood recorded in the above work showed 1373 annual rings.

The chief requirement of the redwood is moisture at the roots
and the nature of the soil appears to be a matter of secondary con-
sideration. According to the Bulletin mentioned above, “ moisture
available for the roots is the first need of the redwood, as any hilly
tract of forest will show. Whenever a small gully, or bench, or
basin is so placed as to receive an uncommon amount of seepage, or
wherever a creek flows by, there the trees are sure to be largest.
Even if the soil be not rich, but merely gravel, and it contains
much moisture, the redwood will grow more abundantly there than
on richer but drier ground.”

Although the redwood may be propagated from seeds, forests
are usually replenished by means of sprouts from the old stumps
left after felling operations. These sprouts are produced very
freely and grow rapidly. Several plates in the Bulletin show how
the forest is reproduced by this means. The yield of virgin red-
woods under the most favourable conditions is given at from 125,000
to 150,00 cubic feet per acre. In less favoured places it is some-
times as low as 20,000. These figures appear to represent the
quantity of timber actually marketed.

Sequoia sempervirens is naturally a light demanding subject, but it
is said that trees which have been partly suppressed have the
faculty of recovering quickly and growing away again freely as
soon as more room and light is given. The wood and its uses are
spoken of as follows :—* Redwood possesses qualities which fit it
for many uses. In colour it shades from light cherry to dark
mahogany : its grain is usually straight, fine, and even; its weight
is light ; its consistency firm, yet soft. It is easily worked, takes a
beautiful polish, and is the most durable of the coniferous woods of
California. It resists decay so well that trees which have lain five
hundred years in the forest have been sent to the mill and sawed ©
into lumber. The wood is without resin and offers a strong resist-
ance to fire, as is indicated by the record of fires in San Francisco,
where it is much used. Insects seldom injure it, because of an acid
element its lumber contains. In sea water, however, the marine
teredo eats off redwood piling as readily as other timber. Redwood
is used for all kinds of finishing and construction lumber, for shingles,
railroad ties, electric-light poles, paving blocks, tanks, and pipe
staves. It is an excellent wood for all these purposes. As a tie its
average life, under heavy traffic, is six to eight years; as shingles
it will last as long as 40 years. The chief difficulty in working
redwood lies in the seasoning process. The tree absorbs so much
moisture that the butt logs will sink in water. Left in the sun, they
require three or four years to dry.”

solated specimens in this country often lose their tops by wind,
hence the necessity for forming pure rather than mixed plantations,
and planting in valleys rather than on exposed hill sides.

Tue Decipuous Crpress (Tazodium distichum, Rich.),—The
many fine examples of this species which are to be found in the British

77

Isles leads one to suppose that it will prove successful as a forest
tree if planted under suitable conditions. Being naturally a moisture-
loving subject, it could hardly be expected to thrive under conditions
which would suit the Scots pine for instance, but there are many
low-lying places where the water is near the surface which would
probably provide it with an ideal home. That it is able to grow
in water is shown by a tree which has been surrounded by water
for several years in the lily pond in the Arboretum at Kew, whilst
on Mr. Newdigate’s estate near Nuneaton a tree with no soil visible
about the base is to be seen growing in the middle of a large lake.
Trees perpetually surrounded by water cannot be expected to make
such satisfactory progress, however, as those which stand clear of
the water, but close enough for the roots to enter. To such trees
an occasional flooding is said to cause no inconvenience.

Sargent, “Silva of North America,” x. pp. 151-154, gives a
description of the species and its peculiarities. The wood is
soft, close, straight-grained, not strong, easily worked, and ver
durable in contact with the soil. Hough, “ Elements of Forestry,”
p- 311, mentions three grades of lumber from this tree known in the
timber trade—red, black, and white cypress, differing in the colour
of the heartwood. The red and black are most valued, as they are
less liable to split than the white. The tree has been described as
“one of the great resources of the Southern States,” its wood being
highly valued for’ general constructive purposes—railway ties,

A number of the finest trees about London are to be found at
Whitton Park, Hounslow, and Syon House, Brentford. In the
former case there are several specimens between 80 and 100 feet in
height, the largest one having a girth of 13 feet 7 inches at five
feet from the ground. The largest one at Syon is recorded in the
“ Catalogue of Syon House Trees and Shrubs,” 1910, as_being
111 feet high and 12 feet in girth. In 1849 it is said that
23 specimens existed there, all of them being more than 50 feet in
height.

here can be little doubt that the deciduous cypress is suitable
for a pure stand, while it would probably succeed with Sitka spruce
in wet but not exposed places. Its narrow fastigiate habit when
young, suggests that close planting would be necessary. .

J. R. Batterden, “ Timber,” 1908, says that the timber of
_ Taxodium distichum finds a place in’ the English market, and, in
describing its uses, remarks that it is largely used for tanks, vats,

22806. A2

78

and tubs, and that in New Orleans 90,000 fresh-water cisterns are
said to be made of the wood; its value for the purpose lies
apparently in its durability when kept continually wet.

Ture Port Orrorp Crepar, Lawson Cypress, oR MATCH-
woop ( Cupressus Lawsoniana, A. Murr.).—Several landowners are
already trying this species under forest conditions in various parts of
the country, with apparently good results, though definite proof of its
value for British woodlands is not yet forthcoming. In most places
where it has been planted for ornamental purposes, it has given.
satisfactory results, and has grown rapidly after the first few years,
therefore it is reasonable to expect that. it will prove suitable for
forest culture over a wide area and under many conditions.

Its natural range of distribution is very limited, for it is found
in a comparatively small district, lying between Ceos Bay in south-
eastern Oregon and Klamath river in north-eastern California. In
this region, where it extends 30 or 40 miles inland at a low eleva-.
tion from the coast, the climate is marked by a moderate tempera-
ture and a heavy rainfall, with a humid and foggy atmosphere and
a large proportion of cloudy days. ;

nder favourable conditions it attains a height of 200 feet with
a diameter of from 6 to 12 feet. Old trees have very thick bark,
however, and as much as 18 inches has sometimes to be deducted
from the diameter for bark.

Hough, “ American Woods,” x. No. 241, pp. 41-42, describes the
wood as follows :—“ Wood light, rather hard and strong, very close
grained, easily worked and durable in contact with the soil. Itisof a
light yellow colour with lighter sap-wood and with a pleasant resinous
fragrance. One of the most valuable timbers of N. America in
the excellence of its lumber for interior finishing, flooring, boat-

ilding, railway ties, fence posts, etc., and is used extensively in
the manufacture of matches. In the last-mentioned use its identity
is at once asserted by the characteristic fragrance of the smoke of
the burning match. Resin of the wood is a powe diuretic.
This property is so active that workmen in the sawmills, when this
lumber is being sawn, are so affected that it becomes necessary
occasionally to change to other woods.”

_ The variable character of this species under cultivation necessitates
precaution in the selection of seed-bearing trees, those o1 i
selected which are typical of the species and of vigorous and erect
habit. By collecting seeds haphazard from a collection of decorative
varieties, it is unlikely that the seedlings produced will prove
satisfactory when planted under forest conditions.

Elwes and Henry, “Trees of Great Britain and Ireland,” v.
p- 1207, say that the Lawson cypress has been tried in forest plots
at different stations in Prussia, the total area being about 30 acres,
and also at Grafrath in Bavaria. After 20 years’ experience the
wood grown in Germany is found to be as good as that of Oregon.
Heartwood is said to begin to form in the tenth year with the
characteristic fragrant odour of the timber in America. It is a
light-loving tree, and people who have tried it recommend that it
should be planted at intervals of three feet.

- Tue YevLow Cypress (Cupressus noothatensis, Lamb.).—This |
tree is so highly spoken of by American timber experts, that it

79

appears to be worth a good trial under forest conditions in this
country, especially as it gives good results as an ornamental specimen.
It is found on the western coast of N. America, from southern
Alaska to Mount Jefferson in Oregon, its best px ‘oportions being
attained about the coast region of British Columbia, in Vancouver
Island and in islands off the coast of Alaska, where it ascends to
an elevation of from 2000 to 3000 feet. Further south it reaches
an altitude of 4000 to 5000 feet in the Cascade Mountains.

Mature specimens are met with up to 100 feet in height with a
- diameter of from 5 to 6 feet. Elwes, lc. v. p. 1196, records
one on the road from Longmire Springs to Paradise Valley
on Mount Rainier, as being 108 feet high and 17 feet 10 inches
in girth above a place where it forked at 6 feet from the
ground, and 26 feet in girth below the fork. The largest tree
recorded in England measured, in 1908, 61 feet in height and
5 feet 7 inches in girth. This had been grown in the open and was
well branched and of perfect shape. Several othet examples
between 50 and 60 feet in height are aie is ese dimensions
may be considered as fairly satisfactory, Semen that the species
does not grow naturally to a very large size and that the trees in
question are probably less than 50 years old, for it is only about 60
years since it was first introduced into Europe, through the medium
of the St. Petersburg Botanic Garden, though it was discovered by
Menzies half-a-century earlier.

Writing a the wood of this tree in “ American Woods,” x.

o. 240, pp. 39-40, Hough, says :—“ It is light but creck hard
ei brittle, of exceedin ely fine, close grain, with a pleasant resinous
odour, easily worked and very durable in contact with the soil. It
"is of a clear, Bene yellowish colour, with thin, lighter coloured sap-
~ wood.” o says that for cabinet-making it has few equals and
that it is seposted to China, where it is used as a substitute for
satin-wood.

Elwes, ge p- 1197, says :—“ Though looked on as an ornamental
tree only, my experience of it on poor dry soils justifies me in
thinking that. if it could be procured at a reasonable cost, it would
be one of the most valuable trees for such soils that can be planted ;
because it is not only absolutely hardy under all conditions in every
part of the country, but will thrive where no other tree whose
timber at all approaches it in value, except perhaps the larch, will
grow to any size. Though a slow grower at first, and not likely to
attain in this country the dimensions of Zhuya plicata, it has all a

contrasts the growth of the Yellow Cypress with that of the
Corsican Pine. Six trees of the Cupressus planted in 1876 or 1877
were, at the time he wrote, 35 feet high and 2 feet in girth, uniform
in height and habit. Corsican Pines planted close by at the same
time averaged 40 feet in height.

No difficulty should be experienced in obtaining American seed
of = tree ee comparatively young Fdige in this oenny

80

bear seeds freely. The young trees form plenty of fibrous roots
and are not difficult to transplant, up to 3 or 4 years of age.
Spaced from 3 to 4 feet apart, it might be tried as a pure stand, or
it could be mixed with some light demanding subject, for it does
not mind a moderate amount of shade. It is probable that it will
succeed in the west of England, Scotland and Ireland, rather than
in the east of England on account of the more humid atmosphere
in the former places.
r of common names are applied to the tree in addition
to that of ‘Yellow Cypress; some of them are Alaska Cedar,
ellow Cedar, and Sitka Cypress. Its cones are sufficiently
distinct to enable anyone to distinguish it from Lawson’s Cypress,
for the scales are pointed, whilst those of Cupressus Lawsoniana
are plain. The botanical Gamba of the tree are to be found
in alge s Silva of N. Amer
WESTERN Tan ciiew (. arix occidentalis, Nutt.). Atten-
tion pone been directed to the virtues of this species on several
occasions during the last few years, and several importations of seeds
ave keen made with the object of establishing it under forest
conditions. The chief reason for inducing people to plant it is the
hope that it will prove immune from larch ‘canker and so form a good
substitute for common larch in those places where Larix europaea
is so liable to be crippled by disease as to make it an unprofitable
species to plant. From descriptions of the timber of L. occidentalis
and the uses to which it is put, it appears to be very similar in
ayslity to that of the European species, hence the superiority of
me kind over the other depends mainly on the constitution of the
tho species. :
The Western Tamarack occupies the basin of the Upper Colum-
bian River, and is found at a fairly high elevation—2000 to 7000
feet. Its largest dimensions are attained on the bottom lands of
northern Montana and Idaho, where it is said to attain sometimes a
height of 250 feet with a diameter of six.or eight feet. On slopes
of and on mountain sides it is much smaller, thong? it gives
satisfactory results even when growing in poor sandy so
Hough, “ American Woods,” x. No. 250, pp. 52-53, says that the
wood is heavy, hard, strong, sie athe, with few resin passages,
very durable in contact with the soil, and susceptible of a very
smooth polish. It is of a rich, orange-brown colour, with thin
brownish-white sap-wood. He describes it as one of the most
valuable of the coniferous woods of the continent, and as being used
or iture, doors, interior finishing, railway ties, ey posts, &c.
Specimens of the wood may be seen in Museum No. 3, at Kew, also
a specimen of resin which is collected and eaten by the natives.
Hough mentions this resin, and says that it-is eee resembling
dextrine in properties, and exudes in abundance.
No large trees of L. occidentalis appear to exist in this country.
AS Kew there are a number of trees, 30 to 38 feet high. These
re growing with European larch of a similar age, about 30 years,
re there is little to choose between the development of the two
species. Elwes and and Henry, * Trees . Great Br Bri sy ane jee nea “
il. pp. 395-402, say that a good seed
. two or three years. ‘The cans open an Hert the sedi

81

September, therefore it is necessary for collectors of seeds to be at
work during the first three weeks of that month. There appears to
be some difficulty in obtaining seeds through the usual channels, and
most of the importations which’ have been made were by private
enterprise. Though the trees at Kew bear cones freely, they
invariably fail to perfect their seeds.

LL, occidentalis could be tried either as a pure plantation or as a
mixture in the same way as the common larch. The latter method
of culture would probably be the more successful one. .

Tue Western Hemiock Spruce (Tsuga Mertensiana, Carr.).
This appears to be the most suitable of the several N. American
hemlock spruces for trying under forest conditions in the British
Isles for in America it grows to a larger size and produces better
timber than 7’. canadensis, Carr., the hemlock spruce of N. E.
America, and is hardier than the mountain hemlock, 7’. Pattoniana,
Engelm. of California,

_ Its distribution extends from South-eastern Alaska to San

Francisco. It is said to be most abundant in Washington.
Oregon and British Columbia; its largest proportions being
attained in the humid atmosphere of the coast region from sea
level to an altitude of 2000 feet. Where the more favourable
conditions prevail, it sometimes attains a height of 200 feet with a |
girth of 10 feet. Hough says that towards the more northeriy
parts of its habitat it grows to a larger size than any other forest
tree, and he also describes it as the largest representative of the genus.

The wood is described as “light, rather hard, tough, close-
grained, susceptible of a good polish, of a pale, yellowish-brown
colour with lighter sap-wood” (Hough, American Woods,. ix.
No. 223, pp. 50-51). It is said to be easily worked, stronger and
more durable than eastern hemlock, and to be used to a considerable —
extent for house-building and general construction purposes, though
it suffers to some extent on account of the bad reputation the eastern
species has obtained for coarseness. In addition to the timber being
valuable for lumber, it makes good pulp for paper-making, and the
bark is rich in tannin. The bark has been used by the North
American Indians for making into a coarse kind of bread. A
specimen of this bread is to be seen in Museum No. 3 at Kew, and
an account of the nutritive character of the bark may be found
in Sargent’s “ Silva of North America,” xi.

he species grows well as an ornamental specimen in many parts
of the British Isles, and it is being tried as a forest tree in a few
ate In the “ Transactions of the Royal Scottish Aboricultural
Society,” xx. 1997, pp. 101-2, there is a Report on “ Experimental
Plots at Novar,” by Clive Marriott, and 7. Mertensiana is one of
the trees dealt with. Two plots, edch one acre in extent, had been
planted, one with the hemlock spruce and larch in equal proportions,
and the other with pure hemlock spruce. In neither case had the
Tsuga done well except where a certain amount of shelter was
afforded, and the opinion expressed was, that it ought only to be
planted in those places where it can have a considerable amount of
protection. Compared with Douglas fir grown on another plot, it
was a decidedly inferior tree. The plots had been planted from
three to five years when the report was drawn up. :

82

Tur Nosie Fir or Orrcon Larca (Abies nobilis, Lindl.).—
The noble proportions assumed by this tree in its native country,
together with its decorative qualities, have led to its being planted
very widely in British gardens. Unfortunately, in many parts of
the country, more particularly in the south of England, it is attacked
by an aphis, Chermes abietis, which causes ugly warty excrescences
to appear on the branches. This pest prevents proper development an
ultimately kills the tree. Another disease is also prevalent, especially
amongst small plants. In this case the irritation set up by a minute
insect causes thick gouty swellings on the branches which check
growth, and though an affected tree may live many years, it is
always an unsightly object, and eventually dies. In Scotland these
diseases do not appear to be so common, and on many estates they
have not been found; the trees are making rapid progress and
promise to provide a good bulk of timber in a comparatively short
time.

The species is found from North Washington to a position south
of the McKenzie. River in Oregon, its largest proportions being
attained on the mountains of north-western Oregon at an altitude of
from 2000 to 5000 feet. The finest examples are from 250 to
275 feet high, with a diameter of from six to eight feet. Hough,
* American Woods,” ix. No. 225, pp. 52-54, describes the wood as
light, strong, rather hard, close-grained, of a light yellowish-brown
colour, with lighter sap-wood. It is used for the interior finish of
houses, boxes, &c. The following description of the tree from
which Hough’s wood sections were taken is given in the work men-
tioned above. “ Height 254 feet, lowest branch 176 feet from the

ground ; diameter of trunk four féet from the ground, 63 inches.
The trunk was as clear and shapely as a mast, and from it eight
logs, 16 feet long, and one 32 feet long were cut. The upper end
of the topmost log (160 feet from the ground) was 35 inches in
diameter, and just above this the material for the wood sections was
cut.” He further adds, that “the nine logs were eventually cut
into 18,142 feet of magnificent clear lumber.”

On the Ardverikie estate of Sir John Ramsden, in Inverness-
shire, Abies nobilis is the most vigorous of the several kinds of
conifers grown. It is quite free from disease, and is looked on as
ikely to become one of the most useful forest trees for the neigh-
bourhood. A large number of trees have been planted, the
majority at an altitude of 800 to 1200 feet. Many trees are from
20 to 40 feet in height. The average rate of growth of trees
growing at an elevation of 1200 feet for a period of 30 years is
said to have been 15 inches. (See account of Ardverikie estate,
Kew Bull. 1910, pp. 243-246).

Tur Great Sinver Fir (Abies grandis, Lindl). There
appears to be a disposition to plant this tree under forest conditions
in various parts of Scotland, and if freedom of growth were the
only object in view, there would appear to be good cause for its
selection. Unfortunately its timber finds less favour with American
consumers than that of several other Conifers from Western N.

America, hence the undesirability of forming plantations in places
where more profitable kinds might be grown. It is, however, worth
including in an experimental area, and the chances are that it may

_ 83

turn out to be as good as some of the other firs. Descriptions of
the species record examples up to 300 feet in height, and 4 to 6
feet in diameter, rising with straight clean, columnar trunks to
two-thirds of their Ss without a ae Hough, ix. No. 224,

. 51-52, writes of the wood as follows :—‘“ Wood very light, soft,
not strong or durable, sckeaeaeiatbed, Saaily worked and yielding a
-very smooth satiny surface. Light yellowish-brown colour, lighter

of this Se is occasionally manufactured into
lumber for interior finishing, boxes, casks, &c., but hitherto has
been little valued as compared with the Douglas spruce, giant
cedar, &c.

B Waite Fir (Abies concolor, Lindl. & Gord.) The
handsome, pyramidal outline of this tree, together with its more or
less elaucous foliage, make it popular for ornamental planting,
‘whilst its free growth and comparative freedom from disease,
suggest that it may be employed profitably for forest planting, for
although the timber is of less consequence than that of several other
trees from Western- North America, it is of sufficient value to
warrant the tree a trial.

he species is described in Sargent’s “ Silva of North America,”

xii. pp. 121-124, From that description it would appear that the
tree attains its maximum dimensions in certain aes of California
where it rises to a height of between 200 and 250 feet with a
diameter of 6 feet, but elsewhere it is rarely seen more than 125 feet
high and 3 feet in diameter. It covers a wide range of country
from Southern Oregon to Colorado and New Mexico, and is most
frequently met with in moist valleys at an elevation of from
3000 to 9000 feet.

Its timber does not appear to be exported, though it is used
rather largely in the Western States for the manufacture of butter-
tubs, boxes, packing-cases, &c., which must be made from scentless
wood, It is described by Hough as very light, soft, not strong,
coarse-grained, compact, sd of a light, a, Dae colour, with sap~
wood sera distinguishable.

riting of this tree Sargent says :—“ Growing here [Boston]
during the last 25 years always vigorously, compact in habit,
beautiful in its various shades of blue, and free from disease and
the attacks of disfiguring insects, Abies concolor is now more full of
promise as an ornament of the parks of eastern America than any
other fir tree.” These words may also be said to describe the
opinion formed of the tree in this country, but it remains to be seen
how it will succeed under forest conditions. With it may be
included the allied species A. Lowiana, A. Murr.

pes: Sitka or TIDELAND SPRUCE (Picea sitchensis, Trauty.

Mey.).—A great deal of attention has been directed to this tree
fone ie last f few years by both British and continental foresters,
for it is found to thrive under conditions which are riggers cd
for the proper development of the common spruce. in cold situa-
tions, where the land is wet, young trees are growing wall whereas
common spruce under similar conditions has proved a failure.
Here and there about the country, more spepenw: in Scotland,
welt developed specimens are to be seen, which show that it is not

in a young state that the pee is a success. On the

84

Achnacarry estate in Inverness-shire a tree was noted in 1910
which was 98 feet high and 8 feet 8 inches in girth at 5 feet above
the ground. It was possible to compare this tree with a specimen
of Douglas fir near by. The latter was apparently the same
height, but was 2 inches larger in girth. Both trees were planted

Many of the trees had formed leads from 5 to 53 feet in nogite as
the result of one season’s growth. As a contrast. to this, young
trees planted on boggy land, at an elevation of 800 to 1400 feet in
Inverness-shire formed leading shoots, the second year after plant-
ing, from 9 to 12 inches in len
Sargent, in his description x the Sitka spruce in the “ Silva,”
xii. pp. 55-58, says “no tree in the American forest grows with
greater vigour or shows stronger evidence of vitality.” He also
refers to it as “the greatest of all spruce trees,” though it does not
do well in the Eastern United States
P. sitchensis occupies an extensive range of country along the
Pacific coast, for it occurs from a northerly point in Alaska to
Mendocino county in California. It is most abundant and reaches
its largest proportions in rich, moist soil in Western Oregon and
Washington. In some places it occurs as extensive and almost pure
forests, on swampy ground about the mouths of rivers where the
influence of the tide is felt. Elsewhere it may be mixed with other
trees but either as pure or mixed forest it is common throughout
mee coastal region. Sargent gives its average height as 100 feet
a diameter of 3 or 4 feet, though he says =“ it is occasionally
niet with over 200 feet high with a trunk 15 or 16 feet in diameter,
and in its extreme north-western limits, as a iow shrub. The
timber is of very good quality and is useful for a variety of
purposes. Hough, « American oods,” vi, No. 149, pp. 54-55,
describes it as “ ‘light, soft, strong, with close, straight grain,
compact, with satiny lustre, ‘differing from other spruce wood b
its dark heart-wood.” Amongst other uses, it is employed for
general interior finishing, fencing, boat-building, general construc-
tive Lead yt cooperage, and wood pulp.
o its partiality for wet places af 7 probable that it would
prove pt satisfactory as a pure though where a mild
climate prevails a mixture of this tree em deciduous cypress might
prove a good combination.

Although the two following species are being planted to some
extent, it is very doubtful whether they will ever be of a
peahires, value in this country. .
THe Wuits Spruce (Picea alba, Link.)—In both England
and Scotland an effort is being made to introduce this yap as a
forest tree, the idea being that it will prove a success sed
situations where many kinds of se have little chance. "Tt would,
however, be wise to carry on a certain amount of planting of an
experimental character before launching out on any great expendi-
ters, in face of the fact that it has not proved to be a very satis~
ry ornamental tree in this country, and that, with a few
exceptions, the trees of Eastern North America are more stiffiaytt

85

to cultivate romp! in Britain than those from the western side
of the continent. Its great hardiness is the principal point in
its favour, but it is quite probable that more remunerative trees
can be grown quite as well, if not better, than the white spruce up
to an altitude at which a paying forest would cease in this country.
As a shelter belt for some other tree, it is doubtful whether it
would prove a general success on account of its slow growth, there-
fore there is little that can be advanced in its fav
Forbes, “ Development of British Forestry,” p. 119, however,
gives an illustration of some nice trees growing at an elevation of
1500 feet in the Pennines.
Tue Norruern Scrus Prive (Pinus Banksiana, Lamb.).—On
some estates in Scotland the cultivation of this pine under forest

will ever be of any commercial value. its best it is a scrub
pine, and little can be said in its favour ak aane that it is very Phabay,

and that it might form cover or shelter at a high elevation where
little else would grow. Even then it is probable that P. montana
var. uncinata would prove to be the better tree.

VII._THE GENUS NAUTILOCALYX.
T. A. SPRAGUE.

Living plants of three Peat tem species of Gesneri-
aceae were presented to cit in 0 by Messrs. Sander & owe

is the type and sole species of Episcia, section Nau ates | Benth.
he fil. (Gen. Plant. vol. ii. p. 1007). It differs from the

becied he eee to widen the definition of the section
Nautilocalyz ty excluding the two characters peculiar to the type
species, so as to admit Alloplectus Lynchit, Episcia hirtifiora and
their allies.

The question next arose as to whether Nautilocalyx should be
retained as a section of Episcia, transferred to Allo plectus, or
treated as a distinct genus. A preliminary iuikehtiefa tials soon
showed that Alloplectus and Episcia were ill-defined, and that until
their distinguishing characters were better understood it would be
premature to revive the genus Nawtilocalyz. On account of the
nature of the placentation (see below), it was decided to transfer

86

the section Nautilocalyx provisionally to Alloplectus ; and the three
species received from Messrs. Sander & Sons were accordingly
described under the names Alloplectus (Nautilocalyx) Forgetii, A.
pallidus and A. hirsutus (Kew Bull. 1910, p. 383; 1911, p. 346).
The result of a further investigation is now given.

The genera Episcia and Alloplectus were distinguished from each
other in Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Plant. vol. ii. 1876, p. 993, key
to the genera, by the filaments, which were stated to be free from
one another in the former, and united into a posticously split sheath
in the latter ; on p. 1006, however, they were described as more or
less connate at the base in Episcia. In the original description of
Episcia (Martius, Nov. Gen. et Sp. Pl. vol. iii. 1829, p. 39)
the filaments were stated to be subulate, and inserted at the very
base of the corolla, and they were figured as free from one another
in E. reptans (t. 217). anstein, however, in his conspectus of the

enera of (Gesneriaceae (Linnaea, vol. xxvi. 1853, pp. 206-207)
was doubtful as to whether the filaments were not united at the
base, and eleven years later he definitely described them as united
at the base among themselves and with the base of the corolla, as
in Alloplectus (Martius, Fl. Bras. vol. viii. pars 1, 1864, p. 401).
This has been confirmed by the writer.

narrower or not much broader than the tube.

Inspection of the specimens of Episcia in the Kew herbarium
suggested that that genus, as defined by Hanstein (Linnaea, vol.
_ xxxiv. p. 246), Bentham and Hooker, and Fritsch (Engl. and

Prantl, Nat. Pflanz. vol. iv. 3b, p. 166), included several discordant
elements which made it impossible to define the genus satisfactorily.

gure.

On carefully comparing the figures of Episcia reptans and
Alloplectus sparsiflorus, it was noticed that the placental lamellae
bore ovules on both surfaces in the former, and on the inner surface
only in the latter. If the presence of ovules on both surfaces of
the placental lamellae be accepted as characteristic of Episcia, the
genus can be restricted to the section Cyriodeira (Euepiscia), Benth.

Hook. f., including the following species: £. reptans, Mart.
(Nov, Gen. et Sp. vol. iii. t. 217), E. cupreata, Hanst. (Bot. Mag. _

87

t. 4312), E. Mane Hanst. (Bot. Mag. t. 5195), E. Smeg it
Hook. f. (Bot. Mag. t. 5925), E. fulgida, Hook. f. (Bot. Mag. t.
6136), and FE. Fendleriana, Kuntze.

This leaves the genera Physodeira, Hanst., Alsobia, Hanst.,
Skiophila, Hanst., Centrosolenia, Benth., Paradrymonia, Hanst.,

richodrymonia, Ocrst., and. Natitocalye, | nrg (which are
included under Episcia in the Genera Plant to be accounted
for. All these have ovules on the sitet pier re only of the
placental lamellae, as in Alloplectus, but differ from that genus in
h f the corolla and in being herbs. It will only be
necessary to take into consideration Centrosolenia and Nautilocalyx
on the present occasion : definitions of the remainder* are given b
Hanstein in Linnaea, vol. xxvi. pp. 206, 207, and Oersted,
Gesneraceae centro-americanae, p.

Centrosolenia was founded by Bentham in Hook. Lond. Journ.
Bot. vol. v. 1846, p. 362, on C. hirsuta, Benth., a creeping herb
collected in British Guiana by Robert Schomburgk. Neither the
placentation nor ihe anthers were mentioned in the original descrip-
ion. A flower-bud from the type specimen was _ therefore
examined by the writer, who found that the placental lamellae bore
ovules on the inner surface only, and that the anthers were didy-
mous, with a didymous connective. Episcia densa, C. H. Wright
(Kew Bull. 1895, p. 17; Bot. Mag. t. 7481), has similar placenta-
tion and anthers, ‘and is therefore transferred to the genus Centro-
solenia as C. densa, Sprague, comb. nov. It may be noted here that
several of the genera segregated from Episcia have ee es

nthers. Those of Nautilocalyr have a much thickened oblo
connective, bearing two parallel mussel-shaped thecae, wish
dehisce introrsely.

The genus Winitilocalys oe described in 1853 by Hanstein
(Linnaea, vol. xxvi. pp. 206, 207), according to whom the name

peared two years earlier in Linden, Cat. 1851, p.12. According to
Hooker and Hanstein, Linden gave ‘the name Nautilocalyx hastatus

to the type species, but this was rejected by Sir W. J. Hooker,

=hé described it in 1852 under the name Centrosolenia bractescens
(Bot. Mag. t. 4675). There is no evidence to show that Linden’s
Catalogue of the year 1851 contained a botanical description of the
genus or species. The first valid description of the species appears
to ee been published in 1851, as Centrosolenia bracteata, Planch.
Sethe es Serres, vol. vi. p. 322, cum ic.), and the first valid descrip-

tion of the genus seems to have been published in 1853 (Linnaea,
vol. xxvi. pp. 206, 207). The type species should accordingly bear
‘the name 1 autilocalys bracteatus
' An enumeration of the species of Nautilocalyz is appended. As
many of the best specific characters are with culty observable
in ied state, it has not seemed desirable to attempt the con-
struction of a clavis, but diagnostic characters are given under the
species as far as possible. N. bracteatus is placed at the head of the
‘list on account of its peculiar characters, and the remaining species
follow in chronological order.

* Skiophila pulchella i is to be excluded from Shiophila, Hanstein transferred
it to Tussacia in Linnaea, vol. xxxiv. p. 337.

88

Nautilocalyx, Janie, Cat.. 1851, p: 12, nomen ; Hanst. in
Linnaea, vol. x 1853, pp. 206, "207 ; ; genus hic extensum a
Centrosolenia, Benth., anitheris differt.

Calyx zygomorphus ; ; segmenta ampla, tenuia, saepius libera (in
specie unica, lV. bracteato, segmenta antica et lateralia inferne
connata) ; segmentum posticum calcare corollae basi repulsum, valde
curvatum, superne Settee cetera erecta. Corolla subinfundibu-

patulo lobis cifras Filamenta in viene postice fissam
corollae tubo adnatam connata; antherae per paria apicibus

omnino sejunctis parallelis mytiliformibus. Désc? glandula unica,

ostica (rarius etiam glandula antica). Ovarium placentis bilamel-
latis, lamellis introrsum tantum ovuliferis.—Herbae e basi ramosae,
caulibus pluribus erectis subaequalibus (in N. hirtifloro caulis
radicans). Cymae axillares, sessiles, instar fasciculorum.— Centro-
solenia, subgen. Oxircoohlanp Planchon in Flore des Serres, vol. vi.
1851, p. 322. ——— sect. Nautilocalyx, Benth. et Hook. f. Gen.
Plant. vol. ii. p. 1007. Eipiscia, sect. Centrosolenia, Benth. et Hook.
f., L.e., partim. Species sect, Skiophila, Benth. et Hook. f., Le.,
partim. Alloplectus, sect. Nautilocalyxz, Sprague in Kew ‘Bull.
1910, 384.

1. N. bracteatus, Zinden ex Planchon in FI. des Serres, vol. vi.
1851, p. 322.—Centrosolenia bracteata, Planchon, l.c., cum ic.
bractescens, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4675 (1852). Nautilocalya hastatus,
me ex Hook. lc. ; Hanst. in Linnaea, vol. xxvi. 1853, p. 207,

. 44 ee p- 181). Episeia BPitosien Hanst. le. xxxiv.
Tek 866, p. 351.

Conomera. eign of Pamplona, 1800 m., Funck et Schlim,
1714 (ex Planchon, l.c.).

NN. bracteatus sitters from the remaining species in having large
bracts and in the anticous and lateral calyx segments being connate
pend me white below, purple above. Corolla white

- N. villosus, Sprague, comb. nov.— Drymonia villosa, Kunth et
Bouché in Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1847, p. 12; Hook. Bot. Mag. t.
reer Sago] Eniscia villosa, Hanst. in Linnaea, vol. XXxxiv. 1865-

P.

VENEZUELA. Caracas ; Malcato, Gollmer (ex Hanst. 1.c.).

Villows with white hairs. Cal yx segments long-acuminate.
Corolla white; tube with purple stripes inside ; limb large, flat.
Filaments not hirsute abov ve.

3. N. Rete, 11 asi). comb. nov.— Centrosolenia seg Hook.,

of tube striped with rag inside. Filaments ‘hineote above.
by Hanstein in the genus Paradrymonia,
along with Centrosolenia glabra, oe ae Mag. t. 4552) which
has very different anthers. The writ xa glabra, Benth,

as the type (and sole apeciee) of Poruirynona,

89

4, N, hirtidérus, Sprague, comb. nov.—Episcia hirtiflora, Spruce,
ex Hanst. in Mart FL 8B Bras. vol. viii. pt. 1, p. 402 (1864) ; Bnet
in Linnaea, vol. xxxiv. 1865-1866, p. 346.

- Brazit.: Upper Amazons: Manaos, in moist forest, Spruce,
1299, 1307. .

Stem slender, rooting at the ob pig Pedicels slender, about
l-in. long. Flowers cream-coloure

N. bullatus, Sprague, ane nov.— Centrosolenia bullata,
Lemaire, Ill, Hort. vol. xvi. 1869, t. 607. Episcia tessellata, Hort,
ex Lemaire, |.

AMAZONTAN Perv. Maynas (ex Lemaire, l.c.).

Leaves bullate, upper surface dark green, lower surface purple.
Calyx segments nearly as long as the corolla-tube. Corolla pale
yellow, very hairy outside.

6. N. Lynchii, Sprague, comb. nov.—Alloplectus Lynchit (Lynchet),
Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 7271 (1892).

‘ polis unknown. The species is said to have been introduced
y Linden

Leaves dark green and nearly glabrous above, purple and puberu-
lous below, blade gradually narrowed into the short petiole. Calyx
segments much shorter than the tia oy Corolla pale yellow,
hairy outside.

7. N. Forgetii, Serene, comb, nov, —Alloplectus Forgetii, Sprague
in Kew Bull. 1910, p. 383.

eaves Collected by Forget for Messrs. Sander & Sons, St.
Alban

bees with very wavy margins, narrowly subtruncate at the
base, green above, and glabrous except on the midrib, red on
the lower surface on both sides of the midrib and lateral nerves,
pale green elsewhere, midrib sparingly villous, nerves = veins
appressed-pilose, mesophy. il 36 i petioles 2 in. long. or less,
villous Ladys segments much shorter. than the soratle tube.
Corolla pale yelllow, hairy outside.

8. N. hirsutus, = Mico? comb, nov.— Alloplectus hirsutus, Sprague
in Kew Bull. 1911, :

Stems shortly villous. Leaves with flat margins, cuneate into the
base, green on both surfaces, Eds bullate, glabrous above except
on the midrib, villous on the s below, veins pilose. Calyx
segments distinctly shorter chy “the corolla-tube, shortly villous
outside. Corolla pale yellow, hairy outside.

N. pallidus, Sprague, comb. nov.— Alloplectus pallidus, Sprague
in cea Bull. 1911, p. 346.

_ PERU. Collected by Forget for Messrs. Sander & Sons.

Whole plant pale green. Leaves with flat margins, gradually
narrowed into the ane, nearly glabrous above, minutely an
sparingly puberulous below, especially. on the nerves. Calyx
segments much shorter than the corolla-tube, neany Ah gaa nd
Corolla creamy-white, hairy outside, front part o pS. pare
ebriped inside, back part with a broad band of eis b anee

inside,

90

To sum up, the following results have been attained :—

1, Restriction of Episcia to the section Cyriodeira, Bent = &
Hook. f., which includes creeping herbs with spathulate-oblong
calyx segments, a red (rarely pale lilac) corolla with a large flat
limb, and placental lamellae bearing ovules on both surfaces. f

2. Restoration of Centrosolenia to generic rank on the grounds of
its different anthers and placentation, which were previously.
ee

-Re-eatablishien? of the genus Nautilocalyx with a. wider

e than originally proposed, so as to include various species
pusyionaly referred to the genera Episcia, Centrosolenia and Allo-
plectus,

EXCLUDED SPECIES.

Nautilocalys panamensis, Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald, p. 250, has
been transferred to the genus Achimenes by Hemsley (Biol. Centr. -
Amer., Bot., vol. il. p. ete

-VIIIL—DIAGNOSES AFRICANAE: XLVI.

*-180f. “oem Bolusii, Dimmer [Rutaceae-Diosmeae] ; ; ab affini
E. ra iimmer, foliis sessilibus anguste ovatis, calycis
peter pers acutis, stylis longioribus facile distinguenda.

Planta circiter 20 cm. alta, caule sparse ramoso, ramis ascen ndenti-
bus dense foliatis puberulis subrubidis, Folia sessilia, stricta,
subimbricata, coriacea, 5-7 mm. longa, 2 mm. lata, anguste ovata,
apice obtusa, Lee utrinque puberula, dorso vix carinata costaque
sparsim glanduloso-punctata, intra subconcava demum_ glabra,
nitidula, margine ciliolata. Bracteae ascendentes, quam folia
angustiores, et paullo longiores, flavidae, superne subviridescentes.
Calycis segmenta 1°3 mm. longa, ovata, acuta, dorso valde ay gee
intra concava, utriaque puberula, margine ciliolato. Petala 2 mm.
longa, late ovata, subacuta, basi a medio angustata. ‘Stylus
1 mm. longus, stigmate capitato.

Soutn AFRICA. Cape Colony : Bredasdorp Div. ; on hills near
Bredasdorp, 90 m., Bolus, 8473.

It_is doubtful. whether the relative length of the on is of

ific importance in this genus as flowers in the same “ ‘head ”

shove variability in this respect. The style of E. pine Sierenry

hltr., is quoted as “perbrevis,” but specimens obvious ly Cone
specific have styles slightly exceeding 1 mm. in length.

1302, Euchaetis Burchellii, Diimmer [Rutaceae-Diosmeae]; aitinis
E, ericoidi, Diimmer, sed ramulis brevioribus dense foliatis, foliis
ica decussatis minutis subtrigonis, mare staminum differt.

sabetioseies: arcuato - atentia, Caesiacbilig 1°5-2 mm.. longa,
dorso seriebus binis palin impressarum ad costae carinam
subplaniusculam pert supra praetor Cs nitidula, yore oa
culato-ciliata. Flores solitarii vel bini, saturate rosei,

nullis vel paucis foliosis — haud excedentibus. — a St

91

scariosae, late © dale truncatae, breviter apiculatae, 2,mm.
longae, dorso medio carinatae, glabrae, intra cpatalata, ciliolatae. |

SoutH AFRICA. Cee Ci Bloay : Coast Reson Mossel’ Bay
Div., sandy hills near the landing he Mossel Bay, Burchell,
6239; 6239B.

1303. Euchaetis hee Diimmer [Rutaceae-Diosmeae] ; affinis
E. abietinae, Eckl. et Zeyh., sed habitu ramosiore, ramulis junioribus
puberulis, floribus minoribus petalisque spatulatis differt.

Fruticulus ad 15 cm. altus, dichotome ramosus, ramulis foliatis
albo-puberulis circiter 3 cm. longis. Folia sessilia, opposita, haud
decussata, a gt a ericoidea, subconcaya, auguste oblonga,
obtusata, 3-4 mm. longa, 0°7-1 mm, lata, dorso convexo-carinata,
ad carinam Slaeinte impressis instructa, utrinque glabra, coriacea,
marginibus subhyalinis denticulato-ciliata. Flores singuli ve
bini, subpedicellati, ad apices ramulorum dispositi, bracteis paucis
quam calycis laciniis vix duplo bearer Calycis laciniae bay einai,
late obovatae vel oblongae, apice rotundata
longae, dorso glabrae, medio valde pecans intra puberulae, wal
demum glabra ciliolatae. Petal anguste oblonga vel subspatulata,
rotundata, submucronata, margine inferne albo-ciliata. Stamina
calyci aequilonga, antheris glandula minuta subovali flavida trans-
lucente terminatis. Stylus perbrevis.

Sours -Arrica, Without precise locality, Admiral Sir F.

ie ; :

. Euchaetis radiata, Diimmer ee 9 Ae agead ; affinis
og "inj irdttontal Schltr., sed foliis gms is pubescentibus,
floribus minoribus numerosioribusque differ

ruticzlus circiter 20 cm. altus, sate: Sparse ramoso, rami
simplicibus ascendentibus superne dense foliatis puberulis ochraceis.
Folia erecto-patentia, subcomplanata, breviter petiolata, gore
subtereti 1 mm. longo, lamina 4-12 mm. longa 1-2°5 . lata,
lineari-lanceolata, subacuminata, dorso minute pullout: costa
saepe basin versus conspicua apicem versus evanida, obscure
perforato-glandulosa, infra sparse puberula demum glabra, nitidula
margine ciliolata. Bracteae foliis similes sed paullo longiores,
’ flores valde agen: radiato-patentes, stramineae. Flores pedicel-
lati, pedicellis 1 mm. longis glabris, ad apicem aggregati vel in
axillis bractearum summorum dispositi, bracteis minoribus inter-
‘spersis, Calycis segmenta erecta, ovato-rotundata, apice cuspi-
data, dorso subcarinata, extra medio carinato-ciliolata, intra vi
concava, nisi margine ciliolato glabra. Petala quam calyx
-longiora, 3 mm. longa, ovato-lanceolata, subacuminata, basi sub-
angustata, extra glabra, intra subcarinata, medio transverse albo-
barbata, margine inferne dense albo-ciliata, apicem versus involuta.
Discus carnosulus, cupuliformis. Stamina glabra, calycis segmentis

22806 B

92

aéquilonga, filamentis planiusculis, antheris atrobrunneis glandula
parva orbiculari flavida translucente bbe ae Stylus cum ovario
1 mm. longus, glaber, stigmate subcapi

SoutnH AFRICA, nie olony : Beedasdot Div. ; on hills near
Elim, 60 m., Bolus, 8532
, 1305. rere grandis, Stapf in Kew Bull. rik Ser. ix. p. 152,
anglice [|Meliaceae]; a K. senegalensi, A Juss., foliis foliolisque
multo majoribus, tubo staminali globoso-urceolata, stigmate sessili
distineta. -

Arbor alta, reek Folia 4-juga ; rhachis petiolo 6-8 cm. longo
incluso ad 25 em. vel paulo ultra longa; foliala oblonga vel
cabarets ula saepe obliqua, breviter vel obscure Se eee
basi rotundata vel breviter cuneata, 18-24 cm. longa, 10-12 cm.
lata, papyracea viridia, margine magisminusve undulata, nervis
lateralibus utrinque 12-16; petioluli 1-1:2 em. longa. Paniculae
75-15 cm. longi, 7°5-10 cm. lati, perlaxi ; gga fireeieatin!
vel ad 3 mm. longi. Flores pentameri. Calyx 2 mm. diametro,
planus, sepalis rotundatis. Petala 4 mm. longa: Tubus staminalis
globoso - urceolatus, ore vix constrictus, circiter 4 mm. longus.
Antherae 1-1°6 mm. longae. Ovarium disco crenulato adnatum ;
stigma disciforme, crenulatum, sessile, ovula circiter 15, biseriata.
Fructus globosus, 6-6°5 cm, diametro, valvis. 6-8 mm. erassis ;
axis 3 cm. alta, latissima, vertice applanata, angulis inter se
2°5 cm, distantibus. Semina transverse late elliptica, 2 cm. alta,
3 cm. lata, ala ad latera 4 mm. lata inclusa—K. grandifolia,
Thompson, Col. Rep. Mise. No. 51, 1908, pp. 4, 6, sage

TroricaL Arrica. Upper Guinea: Sout igeria ;
West Province, Tupelle,, Thompson, 7; without op locality,
ay 17.

- N. Thompson also records the species (Col. Rep. Mise.
No. 66, 1910) from a number of localities in Gold Coast Colony,
especially i in the western part and in the north-west and south of
Ashanti, and he figures a leaf, a fruit and a ae (plate 5); but the
specimen at Kew (collected on the banks of Lake Bosumptwi),
from which the figures were drawn, hardly Weite out the identifica-
tion. It consists of a leaf 1 m. long-with 8 pairs of leaflets, and of
“some mature fruits, Nee are rather larger than those i typical |
ee. icra from 8. Nige

patelliformi crenato
insidente in flore ‘icin et hermaphrodito superne breviter
contracto, in masculo in stylum tenuem distinctum attenuato, stigmate -
- eylindrico-discoideo

Arbor alta, plabink Folia 3~4-juga ; Phas etiolo 10-12 cm.
_longo inclusé 25-30 em. longa ; foliola ovato-o onga vel oblonga
breviter et plerumque abrupte anguste acuminata, basi rotundata vel
breviter lateque cuneata, 10-18 cm. longa, 5-10 em. lata, apyracea,
viridia, margine plus minusve undulata, nervis lateralibus utrinque
9-12; petioluli vere mm. longi. Paniculae 15-22 cm. longae,
; 75-10 cm. latae, laxiusculae ; celli brevissimi. Flores pentameri.
Calyx ad 1°5-2 mm, diametro, plans sepalis rotundatis. Petala

93

4-5 mm. longa. . Tubus staninalis globoso-urceolatus, ore vix
contractus, circiter 4 mm. altus. ntherae 1-1°3 mm. longae.
Ovarium disco patelliformi crenato insidens, in flore _ sterili

Witsoe dines eum. Fructus a 6-7 cm. iametro, valvis
6-9 mm. crassis; axis 3-3°2 cm. alta, latissima, vertice obtusa,
angulis inter se 2°5 cm. distantibus. Semina transverse late
elliptica 2-2°2 cm. alta, 3-3°2 cm. lata, ala ad latera 4-5 mm. lata
ine er

picaAL ArFrRica. Upper Guinea: Southern Nigeria ;
Thales Forest Reserve, Punch, 104; Benin, Unwin, 18 ; without
precise locality, Foster, 89.

Mr, H. Thompson (Col. Rep. Misc. No. 66, pp. 72, 190)
reports K. Punchii also from the “fringing” forests (gallery woods)
of North Western Ashanti, but there are no specimens at
from this locality.

1307. Pee orm Craib et Stapf [Leguminosae-Amherstieae] ;

en. nov. a Berlinia, Sol., paniculis longiori us, floribus minoribus
sbacneidcblin receptaculo brevi, petalis inter se subaequalibus sepalis
subaequialtis vel ea paullulo superantibus recedit.

eceptaculum breve. Sepala 5. Petala 5, inter se subaequalia,
sepala paullulo superantia vel iis subaequalia, posterius quam aliis
plerumque parum “ei sessilia vel subsessilia, nunquam longe

unguiculata. Stamina 10, omnia fertilia, exserta ; antherae
oblongae, uniformes. Ovarium stipitatum, stipite receptaculo
postice adnato, ovulis circiter 6; stylus elongatus, filiformis,
stigmate parvo oar Legumen lignosum, compressum; semina
rotundata, compressa.—Arbores haud armatae. i abrupte
noha foliola tigide chartacea vel coriacea. Flores mediocres, in
panicul Piero racemis spiciformibus Sonatidiitas 9, sg

ai, cans bracteolae magnae, concavae, alabastra
obtegentes, coat ‘anthesin plus minusve persistentes.

Isoberlinia Dalzielii, Craib et Stapf, ab I. tomentosa, Craib et Stapf
(Berlinia tomentosa, Harms), foliolis basi plerumque truncatis vel
subcordato-truncatis apice emarginatis ert.

amuli fusci, minute cinereo-puberuli. oka abrupte pinnata,
ad 30 ecm. longa, petiolo ad 10°5 cm. longo ut rhachi fulvo
tomentello suffulta; foliola opposita vel subopposita, utrinque
plerumque 4, ovato-lanceolata, late ovata vel oblonga, basi
plerumque truncata, iaequalia, apice emarginata vel emarginulata,
6-15 em. longa, 4-9°5 cm. lata, supra primo pilosula, matura glabra,
subtus primo subsericea, matura molliter tomentella, subcoriacea,
nervis lateralibus utrinque 8-11 supra conspicuis subtus prominenti-
bus nervis transversis supra conspicuis subtus prominulis ; petioluli
1 em. vix attingentes, indumento ut rhachi. Panicula "30 cm.
longa, 17 cm. lata, rhachi ramulisque fulvo-tomentellis ; bracteae
datiduad, deltoideae, vix 5 mm. longae, 4 mm. latae, extra fulvo-
a intra apicem versus pilosulae ; 3 soe Vi om,

“22806

94

basi parce pubescentia. Ovarium 7 mm, altum, dense pilosum, 6-
ovulatum ; stylus 1°6 cm. longus, inferne parce pilosus,

Tropican Arrica. Upper Guinea: Northern Nigeria ;
Kontagora, Dalziel, 26. :

To this species probably also belongs Dudgeon, 8, from Zaria,
Northern Nigeria, represented in the herbarium by two leaves and a
sketch of the fruit which gives the pod as 26°5 cm. long and 1°] cm.
broad ; on the sketch it is noted that the “pod is covered with
brown-velvety pubescence.” rhe

1308. Isoberlinia Doka, Crab et Stapf [Leguminosae-Amhers-
tieae]; ab J. Daizielii, Craib et Stapf, foliolis glabris facile
distinguenda.

Arbor, inflorescentia excepta, glabra. Folia abrupte pinnata, ad
26 cm. longa, petiolo 4°5-7-5 cm. longo suffulta, rhachi petioloque
teretibus; foliola utrinque 3, ovato-elliptica, ovata. vel ovato-
lanceolata, apice rotundata vel plerumque subacuminata, obtusius-
ula, interdum parum retusa, basi subtruncata, rotundata vel late
cuneata, nonnunquam inaequalia, 8-13 cm. longa, 4°5-7 em. lata,
subcoriacea, nervis lateralibus utrinque 8-10 supra _conspicuis
subtus prominulis, nervis transversis utrinque subprominulis ;
petioluli 5-7 mm. longi. Paniculae terminales, 12-18 cm. longae
4-8 cm. latae, e racemis spiciformibus ad 10 cm. longis constitutae,
ramulis primo minute pilosulis mox glabris ; bracteae late ovatae,
acutae, ad 4 mm. longae, deciduae ; bracteolae 9 mm. longae, 6 mm.
latae, extra minute fulvo-pilosulae, intra appresse albo-pubescentes.
Receptaculum 3°5 mm. longum, 2 mm. diametro, glabrum. Sepala
7mm, longa, 1°75 mm, lata, subaequalia, glabra. Petala ad 1 cm.
longa et 3°75 mm. lata, subaequalia, glabra, breviter unguiculata.
Filamenta 1:4 cm. longa, inferne parce pilosa. Ovariwm brunneo-
pilosum, circiter 5 mm, altum, 6-ovulatum.

__ Tropican Arrica. Upper Guinea: Northern Nigeria;
Katagum, Dalziel, 364 ; Sokoto, Dalziel, 334.

To this species may be referable Dudgeon, 9, from Zaria,
Northern Nigeria, represented by two leaves and a sketch of the
fruit. From this sketch the pod is about 28°5 em. long, 7 mm.
thick and .7 cm. broad; an accompanying note says “ pod
glabrous.” |

1309. Daniellia’ caudata, Craib [Leguminosae - Amherstieae] ;
species ob folia obtuse caudatim acuminata nervosque laterales
numerosos patulos distincta.

Pedicelli 12 cm. longi. Receptaculum vix 5 mm. altum, 5

Petala majora 3, circiter 1 em. longa, 0-6-1 em. lata, minora ad 2.5
mm, longa, 15 mm. lata, acuminata, acuta. Filamenta inferne

95

pilosa. Ovarium praecipue in suturis et in stipite mollitér tomentoso-
ubescens. Legumen 6°5 cm. longum, 3°3 cm. latum, stipite 9 mm.
tongo vix glabro suffultum.
Troprcan Arrica, Upper Guinea : : Southern Nigeria ;
Central Province, peel tee 5 Unwin, 179. :

1310. Daniellia Fosteri, Crazb [Leguminosae-Amherstieae] ;

D. Punchii, Craib, cui affinis, cortice haud stramineo, foliolis
longioribus acute acuminatis recedit.

Arbor, inflorescentia excepta, glabra ; ramuli cortice viridescente
laevi subnitido obtecti. Folia 27-42 cm. longa, petiolo ad 5 cm.
longo suffulta; foliola utrinque 7-9, opposita vel subopposita,
oblonga, apice acuminata, acuta, basi inaequalia, latere altero
cuneata vel late Se ae altero rotundata, 17 cm. "uladiecie de vix

transversis supra conspicuis vel subconspicuis subtus prom Hasta
petioluli 6-8 mm. longi. Pedicelli circiter 1°3 em. longi. Brant
deciduae. _ Receptaculum circiter 4 mm. altum, 4 mm. diametro, ut

3, 0°8-1 cm. longa, 6-9 mm. a. extra vio. minusve subpilosa,
minora circiter 2 mm. longa. geiie ‘inferne pilosa. Ovarium
cum stipite dense breviter albo-pubescen

TropicaL A¥rrica. Upper Ganian Lagos ; Mamu Reserve,
Foster, 156. Southern Nigeria; Western Prcviick, Jebu Ode
Millson, 37.

1311. Deneve Punchii, Crazd [Leguminosae-Amherstieae]; a
D. | Fosteri, Craib, cortice stramineo, foliolis obtuse acuminatis

recedit.

Arbor, nisi inflorescentia, glabra; ramuli cortice stramineo nitido
vel subnitido obtecti. Folzola alterna, lateribus inaequalibus altero
oblongo altero oblongo-obovato vel subelliptico, apice acuminata,
obtusa, basi inaequalia latere oblongo cuneato vel late ae
altero late cuneato vel rotundato, 12° 5-14 om. longa, 5°5-6 cm. lata,
chartacea, nervis lateralibus utrinque circiter 9 intra Sapien
arcuatis supra conspicuis subtus prominulis, nervis transversis supra
conspicuis subtus prominulis ; petioluli circiter 5 mm.
Pedicelli circiter 1°2 cm. longi, ut in receptaculo inflorescentiaeque
ramulis dense breviter molliter peat Bracteolae
7 mm, longae, vix 4 mm. latae, deciduae. Sepala 4, 1-1'2 em
longa, 5-9 mm. lata, extra plus minusve pilosula. Petal majora
0°9-1 cm. longa, 6-8 mm. lata, plus minusve pilosula, eT 5
oblonga, acuminata, acuta, 3 mm. longa, 1 mm. lata. Filam
basi sue Ovarium cum stipite plus minusve pubescens.

Tropicat Arrica. Upper Guinea: Southern Nigeria; Lagos,
Fhatse "Forest Reserve, Pek: 1b.

1312. Daniellia similis, Crab [ Leguminosae-A mherstieae] ;
D. Ogea, Rolfe, foliolis majoribus formae diversae nervis lateenibos
numerosioribus recedit.

Arbor, inflorescentia excepta, glabra ; ramuli validiusculi,. cortice
rubro-brunneo subnitido pauci-lenticellato obtecti. Folia 23-27 cm.

96

longa, petiolo 2-5 em. longo subterete suffulta; foliola opposita,
utrinque 8, oblonga vel oblongo-lanceolata, apice acuminata, basi
inaequalia, ‘late cuneata vel rotundata, 6-10 em. longa, 1°8-3" 7 om.
lata, coriacea, nervis lateralibus utringue circiter 12 intra marginem
arcuatis supra conspicuis, margine recurvo; petioluli 5-7 mm.
longi. Pedicelli ad 1°2 cm. longi, ut in inflorescentiae ramulis
receptaculoque molliter tomentoso-pubesventes ; bracteolae deciduae.
Receptaculum 4 mm. altum, 4 mm. diametro. Sepala 4, ad 1°6 cm.
longa et 1°1 cm. lata, extra plus minusve tomentello-pubescentia.
Peiala majora 1-1"1 em. longa, 4°5-9 mm. lata, minora acuminata,
acuta, 3°5 mm. longa, 1°5 mm. lata. -Filomohth inferne pilosa.
Ovarium cum stipite Saber

TROPICAL AFRI Upper Guinea: Gold Coast; without
precise locality, Cras “Imp. Inst. 1909 ; Dudgeon, 5 (leaf only).

1313. omens Rolfe [Leguminosae-Amherstiae]; genus
novum a Danielliae, J. enn., corolla monopetala vel
petalis lateralibis et anticis rudimentariis distincta, —Daniellia,
Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant. i. 580, ex parte (non J. J. Benn.);
Harms in Engl. and Prantl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. iii. 3, 141.
Calycis tubus discifer, anguste turbinatus ; segmenta 4, sub-
aequalia, valde imbricata. Petalum normale 1, sessile, oblongum ; ;
etala lateralia et antica obsoleta vel rudimentaria. Stamina 10,
ibera, filamentis elongatis glabris; antherae oblongo-lineares,
loculis longitudinaliter dehiscentibus. Ovarium longe stipitatum,
ies basi disco arcte cincto, supra medium circiter 14-ovulatum ;
us elongatus stigmate terminali capitato. Legumen stipitatum,
Stine ue ovato-oblongum, subfalcatum, plano-compressum, cen
nits ve, ae elastice secedente te. Senven saepissim

nullum ; aveyiioiie slate: 3 radicula ny pe recta.

Paradaniellia Oliveri, Rolfe; species unica.

Arbor excelsa, Moe tober glabra. Folia alterna, abrupte
pinnata, 15-35 cm. longa; foliola 5— -8-juga, oblique ovata vel
ovato-oblonga, subobbams vel breviter et abrupte acuminata,
6-17 cm. longa, basi saepe rotundata, subtus reticulata, plus
minusve pellucido- unctata ; petioluli 0- 5-15 em. longi. Panicula
amp em. longa, 8-15 em. lata, multiflora, ramis alternis
patentibus recurvisve. Bracteolae geminatae, caducissimae, tenuiter
coriaceae. Pedicelli 1-1°3 cm. longi, apice dilatati. ie
segmenta oblonga vel elliptico-oblonga, obtusa, concava, 1-1°3 ¢
longa, extus reticulato-rugosa. Petalum oblongum vel alliptico-
oblongum, obtusum, concayum, 8-10 cm. longum. Stamina 2-3 cm.
longa. Ovarium stipitatum, lanceolato-ellipticum, compressum,
1-1'3 em. longum ; stylus gracilis, circiter 2 em. longus. Legumen
oblique ovato-oblongum vel elliptico-oblongum, compressum, cng
rostratum, 5-8 cm. longum, 3-4 em. latum. Semen late elliptico-
oblongum: vel suborbiculare, compressum, 2-2°5 cm. lon Ol
Funiculus gracilis, cireiter 2 em. longus —Daniellia aoe liv.
FL Trop. oe ii, (1871) 300, ex parte (non J. J. Benn); Oliv. in
Hook. Plant. t. 2406 ; Harms in Engl. Jahrb. xxvi. .209 ;
Volkens i in Notizbl.. Kénigl. Bot. Gart. Berlin. ow 22, pp. 89, 92,

97

fig. 45 ; Guignard in Journ. de Bot. xvi. 69; Pobequin Ess. FI.
a Fr. 55, 234, t. 65; Engl. and Drude, Veg. Erde, ix. 1, 801,
g. 674.
Tropica Arrica. Upper Guinea: Senegambis, Heudelot,
364 ; Casamance, at Koulaye Kouraye, Chevalier, 2969 ; Northern
Nigeria : ane Barter, 978; Kontagora, Dudgeon, 62; Dalziel,
Southern Nigeria : Lagos, Foster, 151; Ishan County,

Dae 102; without. precise locality, Unwin, 23. Chari penal.
Dar Banda, ‘Checakies, 6638.

psig noble sig has hitherto been confused with Daniellia thuri-
Jera, J. J. Benn., but a comparison wit ei original specimen of

in the generic character, “ Petalum 1, aah oy on (Vv. ex
Benn. petala 3-4) ” (Benth. et Hook, f., Gen. Plant. i. 580). This
was obtained from the specimens, “ Senegambia, Heudelot ; ; Niger
subsequently cited by Oliver under Danieltia
thurifera, Benn. (Oliv., Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 300). The second
ge aa was figured in 1896 as Daniellia thurifera, Benu. (Oliv.
in Hook. Ic. Plant. t. 2406). Since this period the name has been
contpletely transferred to the new plant. r. Harms in 1907

a
This, however, is the ori Haina Ditetia T Bg which the
three species given by ate Harms must be Hacurerhed: as follows :

Jahrb. xxvi. 270; D. CANS fi Rolfe (C. Soyansii, Harms, l.c.) ;
and D. Ogea, Rolfe (C. Ogea, Harms, l.c.). This leaves Daniella

thurifera, Oliv., without either a generic or specific name, hen

that of Paradaniellia Oliveri, Rolfe, now proposed. Pabeaddnielita
is a tall forest tree, characteristic of dry open savannas, and very
tsi diffused. Barter describes the flowers as white, and remarks
that the natives collect a gum-like copal from the tree. Its

economic properties have been dealt with in Kew Bull. Add.

Ser. ix. 270, by Mr. J. H. Holland. It is represented at Kew

by abundant material.

. 1314, Acacia Dalzielii, Craib [Leguminosae - Mimoseae] ; A.
amythethophyllae, Steud., peraffinis sed foliolis rigidioribus, panicula
multo majore elusque indumento parciore, corolla breviore differt,
Arbor 3-6 m. alta (ex Dalziel); rami minutissime puberuli, cortice

cinnamomeo obtecti. Folia ad 23 cm. longa, petiolo 4-5°5 cm.

longo basi glandula sessili plerumque oblonga 0°5-0°8 cm. longa
instructo suffulta, rhachi supra, nonnunquam indistincte, canalicu-
lato lateraliter angulato minutissime puberulo ; pinnae utrinque ad

98

53, 13° cm. longitudine attingentes, rhachi supra canaliculato
minutissime puberulo ; foliola utrinque ad 60, linearia, obliqua,
acutiuscula, 6-8°5 mm. longa, 1-1°5 mm. lata, distincte uninervata, :
pauperrime ciliata ;' stipulae spinescentes, 1 mm. longae, prorsus
directae.- Paniculae 26-31 em. longae, 14-15 em. latae; rami
rigidi, subdivaricati ; ramorum bracteae parvae, rigidae, deciduae ;
pedunculi plerumque 3-ni, ad 2°5 cm. longi, puberuli, medio
bracteati, bracteis subrigidis in cupulam plerumque 3-lobatam
connatis, Capitula ad 1 cm, diametro, lutea ; bracteae s athulatae,
apice rotundatae, 1 mm. altae, 0°75 mm. latae, dorso carinatae,
rigidae, ciliatae. Calyx turbinatus, 1°25 mm. altus, lobis brevibus
rotundatis ciliatis. Corolla cylindracea, 2°5 mm. alta, lobis apice
subacutis incrassatis. Stamina 4°5 mm. longa ; antherae parvae,
connectivo apice glandula stipitata instructo. egumen anguste
oblongum, subrectum, apice obtusum, basi angustatum, ad 11°65 cm.
longum, 1°7 cm. latum, stipite circiter 1 cm: longo suffultum, valvis
rigide ag extra atris tenuiter reticulatis

TropicaL Arrica. Upper Guinea: ‘Northom Nigeria ; ;
Sokoto, Dalziel, 320.

ern. Gwanno or Gabachar

a 85, from Yola, in AoWet coal) probably also belongs to this
specie

tHe Acacia Dudgeoni, Craib [Leguminosae - Mimoseae]; ab
affini A. Senegal, Willd., pinnis utrinque ad 11, foliola utrinque ad
20 gerentibus differt

Ramuli stricti, primo parce 2 eaenlaee mox puberuli vel fere
omnino glabri, cortice rubro-brunneo striato obtecti; spinae
ropes pga prorsum aféantaés” infrafohares recurvae, quam
latera parum ongiores et crassiores, 5 mm. longae, omnes
brannene, primo parcissime pepe mox fere glabrae. Folia
ad 4 cm. longa, petiolo 0-7-1°3 cm. longo ut rhachi pubescente
Sagticls parva rotundata sess paullo supra basin instructo
suffulta ; pinnae utrinque ad 11, 1°3-2°8 cm. longae; foliola
utrinque ad 20, oblongo-linearia, apice rotundata, 3 mm. longa,
1 mm. lata, plerumque pauperrime ciliata, margine parum recurvo.
Spicae axillares, solitariae, 2°6-4°5 em. longae, 1 cm. diametro.
Calyx 1°75 mm. longus, circiter ad medium lobatus, pilis sgn
erectis instructus. Corolla calycem paullo superans, Stam
circiter 4 mm.’ lon Legumen breviter stipitatum, 3-8°5 cm.
longum, 2-2°5 em. atum » glabrum, valvis reticulatis, seminibus
solitariis vel 2-3 brunneis compressis 1 em. diametro:

ROPICAL ArRica. Upper Guinea: Northern Nigeria;

= said to be common in Borgu,” Dudgeon, 58 ; Kontagora, Dalziel, 41.

1316. Corynanthe Lane-Poolei, Hutchinson [Rubiaceae - Cin-

choneae]; affinis C. Johimbe, K. Schum., foliis minoribus non

verticillatis basi vix attenuatis nervis tertiariis arctis parallelis
subtus prominentibus, calycis segmentis longioribus differt.

Arbor excelsa, cortice deciduo viridi-brunneo ; ramuli laeves,
glabri. Folia decussata, suboblique oblongo-elliptica, breviter
abrupte acuminata, basi éondaita vel rotundata, an em. longa, 5-8
cm. lata, rigide coriacea, pa ok glabra, supra paull o nitida, subtus
pallida, nervis lateralibus 9- 13 patulis s supra leviter immersis subtus
cum venis arctis parallels prominentibus ; ne 4=7 mm. longi,

99.

glabri ;stipulae mox deciduae, lanceolatae, subacutae, ad 1°5 cm.
longae, glabrae. Paniculae axillares, quam folia paullo Sai hoecs,
floribundae ; axis et rami puberuli, ores pallide flavi, demum
roseo-purpurei, breviter pedicellati, subumbellatim —— 3 pedi-
celli ad 1 mm. longi, puberuli. Receptaculum subglobosum, 1 mm
longum, puberabaio, Calycis segmenta subulata, circ <a "1 mm.
longa, se extra puberula. Corollae lobi lineares, Se
1 cm. lon abri. -Antherae vix 1 mm. longae. Ovarium bilo-
oulare 3 ; atylon brevis, bifidus, glaber. Fructus non visus

ROPICAL Arrica. Upper Guinea: Sierra Leone; York
Pass, Lane-Poole, 46 (1 June, 1911).

1317. caus (Rothmannia) sokotensis, Hutchinson [| Rubiaceae-
Gardenieae]; affinis G. succosae, Baker, sed ramis puberulis vix
poe foliis minus coriaceis venis laxis, floribus longe pedicellatis

iifert

Frutex parvus; rami teretes, circiter 3 mm. diametro, dense
puberuli vel subtomentelli, nodis plerumque 1-2 cm. distantibus.
Folia subsessilia, elliptica vel oblongo-elliptica, utrinque miei iro
basi bi um subinaequalia, rarius paullo cuneata, 5-8 cm. longa,
2-5 cm. lata, in fibers a, firme chartacea, utrinque minute puberula,
nervis dabei ebeld utrinque 10-13 supra paullo subtus valde
Osa abi Dai ae ae ae ; stipulae ovato-triangulares,
subacutae, ongae, mm. latae, plus minusve mem-
branaceae, extus i iberaiaes Fires ad apices ramulorum brevium,
solitarii, pedicellati; pedicelli 1-1:5 cm. longi, a viscide
puberuli. eceptaculum oblongo-obconicum, 2-2°5 mm. longum,
puberulum. Calycis tubus campanulatus, 3 mm. longus, tenuis,
extra leviter viscidus, fere glaber; lobi lineares, be dorso
carinati, subaequales, 7-8 mm. longi, glabri, Laer orolla alba ? ;
tubus infundibuliformis, 1:2 cm. longus, basi 1: OS ee
1 cm. diametro, utrinque minutissime beats: 3 lobi 5, suborbi-
culares, truncati, 0°5 cm. longi et lati. Antherae i nfra_ medium
affixae, lineares, 7 mm. longae, inclusae. Ovarium ob placentas
centro sese attingentes et cohaerentes spurie 2-loculare; stylus

mm. lon glaber, profunde bilobus, lobis 6 mm. longis com-
planatis. Fructus ellipsoideus, 1 cm. longus, 0°5 cm. diametro,
minute sea ; pericarplum membranaceum. Semina ;
punctulata

TROPICAL AFRICA. Upper Guinea: Northern Nigeria; Sokoto,
a low shrub on rocky hills, Dalziel, 402.

Vernacular—* Gauden duchi.”

This plant is remarkable on account of its close affinity with the
species quoted above which is found only in Madagascar. In habit

and in the structure of its flowers it is very similar, but it differs
sufficiently, in the characters given, to be entitled to specific ran

1318. Stereospermum leonense, Sprague [Bignoniacene] : 3 affine
S. acuminatissimo, K. Schum., a quo foliolis longius petiolulatis
brevius acuminatis, calycis lobis rotundatis vel obtusis inconspicue
apiculatis, corolla minus infundibuliformi limbo pro rata minore
distinguitur.

Arbor mediocris, Aamuli haud exstantes. Folia exstantia usque
ad 43 cm. longa, 6-juga, glaberrima; petioli 6-7 cm. longi, ut
rhachis atrobrunnei, - Pee canaliculati, in basin valde ampliati;

100

thacheos internodia 3-5:3 cm. longa; petioluli 3-7 mm. longi
marginibus exsiccando inflexis approximatis; foliola elliptico-
oblonga vel lanceolato - oblonga (infima interdum _ elliptica),
acutissime acuminata, basi inaequalia latere superiore rotundato
inferiore obtuso, 9-13 cm. longa, 4~5 cm. lata, supra opaca nervis
brunneis satis obviis venulis majoribus tantum obviis, circa petiolum
glandulis nonnullis magnis impressis notata, subtus vix nitidula
nervis prominentibus rete venularum densissimo conspicuo glandulis
magnis impressis hine inde i agri ; nervi laterales utrinque 7-10,
patuli, intra marginem arcuatim conjuncti. Cymae ut videtur
multiflorae. Bracteae Lindi lato-lineares, acutissimae, 2-4°5 cm.
longae. _Alabastra inconspicue apiculata. Calyx tubulosus, circiter
1:7 em. longus, basi circumscisse deciduus, glaber ; limbus patulus
vel ascendens, breviter bilobus sinibus inaequalibus 3-6 mm. longis ;
lobi late ovati, obtuse apiculati, circiter 6 mm. lati. Corolla
4°5-4°7 cm. longa, anguste campanulato-infundibuliformis ;_ tubi
pars inferior cylindrica, circiter 1 cm. longa, intus infra basin

em. longa, omnia basi plait afte ceterum ae ;
datlioradiin lobi 2°5-2°8 mm. longi. Staminodium fone 2°5 mm.
longum, sib atc Discus annularis, 1°3 mm. lon "Ovarium

force, Lane-Poole, 56.

1319. Leucadendron nervosum, Phillips et Hutchinson [Proteaceae-
Proteeae]; species foliis ellipticis vel ovato-ellipticis junioribus
dense adpresse villosis utrinque prominenter nervosis valde dis-

ctum.

Frutex circiter 2 m. altus ; ramuli longitudinaliter pay longe
pilosi. Folia elliptica vel ovato-elliptica, apice mucronata,
2°5-5 cm. longa, 1°3-2°5 cm. lata, rigide coriacea, 4 i dense
adpresse villosa, demum adpresse pubescentia, margine cartilaginea,
utrinque prominente nervosa. Inflorescentia ¢ solitaria, terminalia,
oblongo-ellipsoidea, circiter 2 cm. longa et 1°3 cm. diametro, foliis
subtendentibus inferne longe villosis. Bracteae floriferae oblongae,
obtusae, 1°75 mm. longae, paullo concavae, pilosae. Perianthii tubus

mm. longus, glaber ; segmenta spathulato-linearia, 7 mm. longa ;
limbus ohninetatin: 1:75 mm. longus, superne incurvus, extus
ad presse-pubescens. wintheras lineares, 1°75 mm. longae. Squamae
hypogynae lineares, 1 mm. ee Stylus circiter 6 mm. longus,
teres, basi pilosus ; stigma clavatum, 1 mm. longum. Flores 2 non

isi

Souru AFRica. ee Mise Caledon Div. ; mountains near
Genadendal, Burchell, 7

1320. Bridelia mollis, ne LMaphorbiecee ge
affinis B. ego Muell.-Arg., sed foliis supra dense pubescenti-
bus, sepalis Q extra Dred ghee differt,

Arbor parva, circite alta; ramuli juniores brunneo-
tomentosi, Shenae ela, Folia late elliptica vel serie

101

apice rotundata vel truncata, _—. leviter ssa hi ann basi
rotundata vel subcordata, 4-12 cm. longa, 3-9 cm. lata, coriacea,
supra breviter et dense pabonsontia, subtus ‘ase pubescentia,
nervis lateralibus utrinque 9-12 ad marginem prolongatis subtus
paullo prominentibus, nervis tertiariis arctis subtus leviter promi-
nentibus; petioli 4-5 mm. longi, dense ee ; stipulae
lanceolatae vel subulato-lanceolatae, 4-6 mm. longae, 2 mm. latae,
dense pubescentes. lores S subsessiles vel Medic pedicellati.
Sepala_ ovato-triangularia, 3 mm. longa, 2 mm. lata, extra
pubescentia, Petala late obovata, superne * paulo dentata, 2 mm.
longa, 1°5 mm. lata, glabra. Discus latus, planus, glaber. Columna
staminalis 1°5 mm. longa, parte filamentorum libera 0°75 mm. longa
apicem versus gracili; antherae glabrae. Ovarii rudimentum 1 mm.
longum, basi dilatatum, glabrum. lores Q brevissime pedicellati.
~ Sepala ovato-lanceolata, 3 mm. longa, rufo-pubescentia. Petala
oblongo-lanceolata, sepalis breviora, Discus -cupularis, lobatus,
utrinque glaber. Ovarium glabrum. Fructus 2-locularis, trans-
verse ellipsoideus vel subglobosus, circiter 8 mm. diametro.—B.
stipularis, Muell.~Arg. in DC. Prodr, vol. xv. pt. ii. p. 499, reed
( rk’s and Burke’s Magaliesberg specimens), not 0 Blum

Tropicat Arrica. Mozambique Dist.: Rhodesia ; Victoria,
Monro, 684 ; < me Portuguese East Africa: Boruma, Menyharth,

ete,

SouTH ree. Transvaal: Magaliesberg range, Burke.
Streydpoort, Rehmann, 5393. Near ee Pegler, 1063.
Warm Baths, Waterberg, Burti-Davy, 5

‘This species may be readily distingsished from the Indian and
Malayan B. stipularis, Blume, with which it was erroneously
associated by Miiller, among other characters by the absence of the
sense, ring of s0n8 eirs wit we the base of the female dis

rami patuli, “saa robustis ete ne minusve dyaaanicaie
Folia sessilia, ad ramulorum apices conferta, obovato-cuneata vel
elongato-obovata, apice rotundata vel truncata, basi attenuata,
10-27 em. longa, 5-15 em. lata, rigide coriacea, supra viridia sub-
scabrida, subtus furfuraceo-pubescentia, demum fere glabra, nervis
lateralibus utrinque 12-17 patulis indivisis subtus prominentibus,
nervis tertiariis pluribus parallelis ; stipulae filiformes, circiter 1:2
em. longae, dense pilosae. Capitula ramulorum apices versus
conferta ; pedunculi 1:2 cm. longi, profunde sulcati. Involucri
bracteae ‘oblongo-ellipticae, obtusae, circiter 1 cm. longae et 0°5 cm
latae, extra leviter pubescentes. Calyx irregulariter lobatus ; lob
apice parce pilosi. Filamenta glabra. vari rudimentum late
obconieum, superne dense pilosum. lores Q juniores non ae
Fructus, 4-locularis, subglobosus, paullo ultra 2:5 cm. diametro,
lenticellis numerosis instructus, glaber, Pyrenae dorso bisulcatae,—
U. benguelensis, Muell.-Arg, in Journ. Bot. 1864, 332, as to specimen
with sessile leaves ; Hiern; in Cat. Afr. Pl. ‘Welw: i. 963, partly,
TROPICAL Arrica. Lower Guinea : Angola ; near the River
Kutoto, Gossweiler, 3206; near Kaconda, Gossweiler, 3364 ;

102

Gimbundo, Gossweiler, 3802; Kului Gossweiler, 980; 2937;
Huilla ; between Lopollo and the River Monino, Welwitsch, 453,
partly (Sb specimen); near Lopollo, Welwitsch, 455 (Herb. Kew
non Herb. Mus. Brit.).

The confusion of this species with U. benguelensis, Muell.-Arg., was
probably caused in the first instance by Welwitsch who distributed
the two plants with the same number under the impression no
doubt that they represented male and female of one species. r.
Gossweiler, however, who has: kindly examined them with me and
who has seen and collected both in a living state, is confident that
there are two distinct species.

1322. Uapaca pilosa, Hutchinson [Euphorbiaceae-Phyllantheae] ;
species foliis sessilibus subtus longe pilosis pilis erectis mervis
tertiariis laxe ramosis valde distincta.

Fruter 1-1°5 m. altus, ramulis junioribus robustis pubescentibus
apice tomentosis. ola (juniora) sessilia, ad ramulorum apices
conferta, obovato-cuneata, apice rotundata, 13-14 cm. longa, 6-7
cm. lata, integra, tenuiter chartacea, utrinque longe pilosa pilis
erectis, nervis lateralibus utrinque 12 patulis prominentibus, nervis
tertiariis laxe ramosis supra indistinctis ; stipulae subulato-lanceo-
latae, circiter 5 mm. longae, dense tomentosae, mox deciduae. Flores
non visi. Fructus vix 4 cm. diametro, glaber, exocarpio crustaceo
circiter 2 mm. crasso. Pyrenae 2°5 cm. longae, 1°2 cm. latae.

ropical Arrica. Mozambique Dist.: Nyasaland; Stevenson
Road, Scott-Elliot, 8272.

The material described is imperfect, but the species is easily

recognised by the characters given above.

1323. Crotonogyne parvifolia, Prain [Euphorbiaceae-Crotoneae] ;

species foliis parvis a ceteris plane recedens, proxima tamen
C. lastocarpae, Prain, ob ovarium dense setosum.

103

Sg oat in Arrica. Lower Guinea: Gaboon; Ogowe, Thollon,
4; 361; 769
The fact ne this species proves to be a Crotonogyne renders it
necessary to suggest a new specific name, owing to the publication
Dr. Pax of a C. angustifolia in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xix. p. 83
(1894), which: “ditfen from the species now described in pal
much longer leaves and in having a lepidote but not setose ovar
In works in which it is necessary to treat the species now described as
C. angustifolia, Prain, it may be convenient to substitute the name
*, Soyaucit, ee for the species ee in the Flora of Tropical
Africa will stand as C. angustifolia,

_ 1824, Caperonia Buchanani, Baker ae oy
species C. palustri, St. Hil., quam maxime affinis sed foliis margine
crenatis apte ce da.

Herba annua ; caules erecti, simplices, herbacei, superne hispidi,
30 cm. alti. Folia breve petio olata, superiora oblonga vel oblanceo-
lato-oblonga, acuta ; inferiora obovata, obtusa, margine genes basi

cuneata, superiora 3°75-5 cm. longa, inferiora 2°5-3°75 ¢ m. longa,
omnia 2-2°5 cm. lata, supra viridia, subtus pallidiora, signe secus
nervos parce hispidula ; 3 nervi laterales utrinsecus 5-7; petiolus

4-6 mm. longus, hispidus; stipulae lanceolatae, 5 mm. longae,
caducae. Racemi axillares androgyni, 2-2°5 cm. longi, rhachis
pedicellisque hispida vel pubescens ; bracteae lanceolatae, parvulae,
GS Sepala 5, elliptico-oblonga, apiculata, glabra. Petala 5, valde

lata, srg sepalis majoribus breviora. Ovarium dense muriculis
acutis complanatis obsita, Capsula muriculata, 6 mm. lata; sepala
eee 4mm. longa. Semina pallide cinerea, globosa.
picAL Arrica. Mozamb. Dist.; Nyasaland; without
precise i ional Buchanan !
Nearest to C. palustris, sm Hil., a South American species which
is also widespread in Afric
1325, Mareya sci Prain Ueber aoe? ge tonceel:
ecies M. micranthae, Muell.-Arg., quam axim . nis ; differt
foliis enasartious distincte abruptius acute acum
Fruter vel arbor parva; ramuli glabri. Folia patsbia mem-
tpg, obovato-lanceolata, abruptius acute acuminata, acumine
1-15 cm. longo, margine integerrima, a triente summo versus basin
cuneatum attenuata, 12-17 cm. longa, 4-5 cm. lata, saturate viridia,
utringue glaberrima; petiolus glaber, 1°25 cm. longus; stipulae
deciduae. Spicae sat numerosae, plus minusve flexuosue 15-18 cm.
longae ; rhachis angulata, glabra ; bracteae ovatae, minutae. Flores
masculi haud visi; feminei secus rhachin dispositi, satan: ; styli
a basi liberi. Capsula subglobosa, 3-sulcata, 3-cocca ; cocci sub-
= ae pubescentes, brunnei, 4 mm. lati.
TropicaAL AFrica, Lower Guinea: French Congo; Libreville,
Klaine, 2483.
A very distinct species ; the specimens seen have female flowers
only, arranged at intervals ‘throughout the whole length of the spike ;

104

possibly therefore the species is a dioecious one. In the other species
the spikes have female flowers only towards the bases of the spikes,
with males in clusters higher up.

1326, Macaranga gabunica, Prain [Euphorbiaceae-Crotoneae| ;
species M. Klaineanae, Pierre, proxime accedens, sed foliis
majoribus ambitu triangulari-ovatis nec elliptico-oblongis, petiolis
elongatis, stipulis caducis, capsulisque multo majoribus stylis minus
lateralibus facillime distinguenda.

eccentros, Capsula 1-cocca, 1-sperma, 2-valvis, subglobosa, dense
rufo-puberula, basi styli minopere lateralis persistente coronata,
1 cm. lata. ,

Tropican Arrica. Lower Guinea: Gaboon; Libreville,

Klaine, 642; 643; 1152; 1153. French Congo: Niouneron,
Lecomte,

1327. Macaranga Klaineana, Pierre Mss. ex Prain [Euphor-
biaceae-Crotoneae]; species ut videtur M. Pynaerti, De Wild.,
affinis, differt tamen stipulis persistentibus, tomento rufo-puberulo,
bracteis flores subtendentibus quam eae sub panicularum ramulis
-majoribus.

Frutex scandens, 5-6=metralis. Ramuli graciles, rufo-puberuli,
Sparsim spinulosi; spinuli brevissimi, conici. Folia distincte
petiolata, ovata vel elliptica, longiuscule caudato-acuminata,
margine integra; basi rotundata, 4-7°5 cm. longa (acumine
0°7-1°5 em. longo incluso), 2-3 cm. lata, chartacea, supra saturate
viridia, exsiccando bruimea, glabra, subnitida, subtus pallida, secus
nervos parce rufo-pubescentia, ceterum glabra, glanduloso-punctata;
nervi primar utrmsecus 4-5, a scendentes, sub margine anastomo-

105

echinatus, incurvo-adscendens. apsula ie cocea, l-sperma, 2-
valvis, ee tee glabra stylo Jaterali subpersistente notata,

Tropican Arrica. Lower Guinea: Gaboon; Libreville,
Klaine, 239 ; 347 ; 1118; 6436.

1328. 9 ae Stee Pierreana, Prain {Euphorbiaceae-Crotoneae] ;
nis sed ramulis glabris, ote

petiolisque SER et bracteis frtebris facillime distinguenda

Frutex ramis longis pendentibus, spinis parvis armatis ; betas
glabris. Folia longe petiolata, ovata, breviter acuminata, margine
integra, basi rotundata, ibique 3-nervia supra 2-glandulosa, membra-
nacea, viridia, supra glabra, subtus crebre glanduloso-punctata,
secus nervos pilis albis longiusculis patentibus parce obsita ceterum
glabra, 8-15 cm, longa, 6-10 cm. lata; petiolus glaber 7-14 cm
longus; stipulae caducae. F lores masculi in paniculas ampliores
axillares dispositi ; rhachis glabra 15 cm. longa, rami glabri, 2°5 cm.
longi, ramuli elabri 4-5 mm. longi capitulas strobiliformes 4 mm.
longas gerentes; bracteae puberulae flores 8-10 subtendentes,
obovatae, subacut tae, margine integrae. Calyx 2-lobus, extra
puberulus, breviter pedicellatus. Stamina 2, filamentis brevissimis
vel obsoletis, antheris 4-gonis, locellis 4 approximatis, pollina
flavida. Flores feminet in Paar amplas axillares dispositi ;
rhachis glabra, 10 em. lo syed mi glabri, 1°5-2 cm. longi, pedicelli
fructigeri gracillimi, 5-6 mm. ates puberali Capsula parvula,
-2mm. mens cee eee, extra glaberrim:

Trop AFRIC Lower Guinea: “Baboon Monte de
Cristal, ” Klaine : near Libreville; Klaine, 1151.

1329. Klaineanthus, Pierre Mss. ex Prain ee a
toneae|; genus pelos Baill., proxim ime accedens se disc cO-

Flores dioci, apetali. Gf Calyx basi ide kina, 5- vel 4-lobus,
lobis valde imbricatis. Discus e glandulis extrastaminalibus fila-
mentis interioribus alternis, sepalis 1 isomeris iisque oppositis composi-
tus. Stamina 10 vel 8, 2-seriata, in rec eptaculo convexo inserta ;
exteriora segmentis: calycis alterna ; ; interiora exterioribus parum
longiora ; antherae breves, 2-locellatae, locellis pavaltelin seokee
basifixis, longitudinaliter introrsum dehiscentibus. Ovarii rudi-
mentum centrale, oblongum, filamentis ititerionTlonl aequilongum,
2-3-fidum. Q Calyx fere ad basin 5-lobus, rarissime 4-lobus,
lobis valde imbricatis. Discus cupularis, 5- vel 4-lobus, margine
denticulatus. Staminodia hypogyna intra discum_receptaculo
inserta sepalis isomera vel iis panciora vel. omnino obsoleta,

106

margine ciliatis. Diseus cupuliformis, glaber, denticulatus, 4-5-
lobus. Staminodia hypogyna subulata ad normam sepalis isomera

_radicula minima,

107

TropicaL Arrica. Upper Guinea: Cameroons; Bipinde,
Zenker, 1764; 1853; 3790; 4204,

Lower Guinea : Gaboon ; Libreville, Klaine, 277 ; 1352; 1941;
2015; 2461; 2474; 2510; 3200. Sibange, Klaine, 2576.

1330. Hamileoa, Prain [Euphorbiaceae-Crotoneae] ; genus inter
Gelonieas ob calycem maris imbricatum ponendum sed ob stylos
indivisos facillime distinguendum.

Flores dioici, eee roi Calyx globosus ; ; sepala 5, libera, valde
imbricata. Stam 18, pluriseriata ; antherae subsessiles,

pt eter lodellis parallels longitudinaliter dehiscentes. Ovarit

rudimentum 0. Q Calyx globosus, alte 6-partitus, lobis imbricatis.
Didet. atti. Ovarium 2-loculare, glabrum ; stylus crassus ;
stigmata 3, libera, crassa, indivisa. Capsula 3-cocca ; cocci su

superne et inferne pulvino incrassati. Flores racemosi ; ; racemi
axillares ; pedicelli utriusque sexus sursum distincte incrassati, fere
Si.

H. Zenkeri, Prain ; species unica.

Frutex scandens, 6-9-metralis. Folia nunc longe petiolata nune
in eodem ramo fere sessilia, ovato-oblonga, caudato-acuminata, basi
late cuneata, margine remote serrata, tenue coriacea, 10-25 cm,
longa, 4-10 cm. “lata, supra saturate viridia subnitida, subtus
pallidiora, utrinque labra : nervi laterales utrinsecus 8-10 prope
marginem anastomosantes, ‘subtus distincte elevati; petiolus basi
minopere, apice distincte pulvinatus ibique geniculatus, nunc 4—5 em.
longus, nunc ad pulvinum apicalem reductus 2-4 mm, tantum longus ;
stipulae haud visae. ores in racemos axillares distincte peduncu-
latos 6—8-floros dispositi ; racemi masculi 2-2°5 cm., feminei 4 cm.
longi, pedunculis 8 mm. Jon ngis, pedicellis versus apicem distincte
incraszatis subcarnosis, masculorum 6 mm. femineorum 12 mm
longis. Sepala 5, libera, valde imbricata, ‘ovato-oblonga, 4 aa
Stamina 18, fere seidilin § ; antherae 2-locellatae, longitudinaliter
dehiscéntes. Ovarii rudimentum 0. Q Calyx 6-partitus, segmentis
ovatis obtusis imbricatis. Déiseus urceolatus. Ovarium 3-loculare,
glabrum ; stylus crassus; stigmata 3 libera, crassa. Capsula
3-cocea, 2 cm. lata; cocci subglobosi, loculicide dehiscentes.
Semina globosa, 12 mm. lata; testa laevis, maculata, spongiosa ;
cotyledones latae, planae—Plukenetia Zenkeri, Pax in Engl, Bot.

_ Tropica Arrica. Upper Guinea: Cameroons; Bipinde,
Mimfia, Zenker, 2865; 30286; 3646; 4130.

The imbricate male ‘calyx-segments, the subsessile anthers, and to
a less extent the leaves, of Hamilcoa — the monotypic West
African genus Plagiostyles, Pierre. But P. africana (Daphni-
phyllum africanum, Muell.-Arg. in Flora xlvii. 536 [1864];
Plagiostyles Klaineana, Pierre in Bull. Soc. Linn, Par. ii. 1327
[1897]), the basis of Plagiostyles, differs very greatly in having an
oblique, 1-seeded, indehiscent fruit with a lateral style. -

Q

22806

108

IX—SOME ADDITIONS TO THE KOREAN FLORA.
S. T. Dunn.

Our knowledge of the Korean flora has recently received an
interesting addition from Dr. Ralph Mills, who has sent to Kew a
collection of some 300 dried specimens of plants collected by him
in the neighbourhood of Kangkai. Among them are represented
two new species, a new variety, and several new records for the
country. Kangkai, or Kangkyei as it is usually written on our
maps, is situated near the northern boundary of the country
in mountainous surroundings on the bank of the Tong Nai River,
the principal affluent of the Yalu upon the Korean side. Its distance
from both the east and west coasts is about 80 miles and from the
Manchurian frontier 27 miles, and the fact that this part of Korea
has scarcely been visited by botanists before adds greatly to the
interest of the collection. . Mills deseribes the mountains among
which he gathered his specimens as clothed with vegetation from
base to summit, and as bearing a markedly different flora on their
northern slopes which drain into the Yalu system from that on the
southern. The dividing ridges form indeed at this point a natural
line of demarcation between the Manchurian and Korean climates
and floras, the moist warm summer season being considerably shorter
on the north side, while snow and ice are more frequently seen there
and are more persistent. The actual divide follows the crest of the
Paik-yek San, which passes from east to west about 30 miles south
of the city, and as the much loftier range of the Paik-tou San, the
northern watershed of the Yalu basin, lies immediately to the north
of it and between it and the greater part of Manchuria, it is a
remarkable suggestion and one that will doubtless receive attention
that it and not the northern divide forms the phytogeographical
boundary between the two floras.

The following species and varieties are new to Korea :—

Euonymus alata, Thunb.

Prunus Maacki, Rupr. site

(SY Neillia Millsii, Dunn, sp. nov., N. sinensi, Oliy. affinis, calycis
tubo breviore, ovulis duobus distincta. wire
rutex cortice pallido scabro, ramis floriferis perulatis laxe hirsutis.
Folia alterna, ovata, acuta, basi truncata, 4-5 em. longa, grosse
biserrata, nonnunquam fere triloba, papyracea, glabra, nervis 4-5-
paribus ; petioli 4-5 mm. longi, pubescentes; stipulae ovatae,
4-6 mm. longae, foliaceae. Racemi vel, ob ramos paucos breves, .
paniculi terminales, sessiles, 6-10 em. longi. Flores approxima
6-8 mm. longi, 3-4 mm. lati; pedicelli 4 mm. longi, ut raches,
bracteaeque laxe pubescentes ; bracteae lineares, pedicello paullo.
longiores. Calyx campanulatus, extus glandulis pedicellatis vestitus,
intus minute puberulus, dentibus 5 tubo bis brevioribus lanceolatis.
Petala 5, ovata, alba, 3 mm. longa, fauce inserta. Stamina ibidem,
numerosa, petalis bis breviora, filamentis basi paullo dilatatis.
Ovarium uniloculare, liberum, globosum, in stylo aequilongo
angustatum, stigmate disciforme faucem paullo excedente. Ovula
2, a placenta parietali pend
Kangkai, Oct. 6th, 1909, R. Mills, 107,

109

_ A-handsome bush when in flower, growing abundantly on the
hillsides from Kangkai down the Tong Nai to its junction with the
Yalu and thence down to within a few miles of Antung in Man-
churia, The fruit is described as green with soft Brigkies appeanins
about midsummer.

Bcolopia japonica, Maz., var. parviflora, Dunn, var. nov. Flores

on

Kangkai, R. ste 216. A weed of waste cipal

Chenopodium glaucum, Linn.

Chloranthus japonicus, Sieb. et Zuce.

‘Humulus japonicus, Sieb.

Allium lineare, Linn. ;

_ Erythronium Dens-canis, Linn. Quite abundant in rich woods
on the higher hills and also in the open ground. The flowers some-

imes as much as 6 inches across. The species has not, hitherto,

been recorded from the Pe iss embraced in Hemsley’s Enumeration
Pl, China. KR. Mills,

‘Lilium ES eae:

L. elegans, Thunb.

Polygonatum verticillatum, Adi.

Tovaria japonica, Baker.

Lloydia triflora, Baker.

Arisaema japonicum, Blume.

Acorus Calamus, Linn.

Carex Millsii, Dunn, sp.nov. C. cryptostachyo, Brongn. caffinia;
foliis brevioribus, latioribus distincta.

olia basalia ange crlescea acuta, ad basin aan

imma das Ns breviores, ovatae, eee tod scapum-
que amplectentes, margine scariosae. Flores foeminei 6-9; glumae,
ovatae, 5 mm. longae, acutae, margine scariosae ; utriculus. aequi-
longus, ovalis, brevissime rostratus, glaber, | paucinervis 3 stylus
trifidus Rest
Raiciek R. Mills, 104, May 20th, 1910. In mossy ground,
among bushes on an isolated hill opposite the town.

X- MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. |

Mr. Cuartes Cummine Catper, B.Sc. of the University of of.

Aberdeen, has been spent bP Secretary in ba
Kew,

to Mr. W. W. Smith (K.B., 1907, p.- 403), Ww been.,
transferred to the post of fasieatt to the Ae ‘eae - the
Royal Botanic Ga a Edinburgh. 3

110

‘Longevity of Seeds.—An interesting instance of prolonged vitality
in the éase of the seeds of a Leguminous species is recorded in a
letter addressed to Kew by Sir William Herschel, Bart. Sir
William writes; under date 22 Jan., 1912 :—“ ALBIZZIA LOPHAN-
tHa. An interesting case of germination and flowering of A.
lophantha after the seeds had been lying dormant 68 years induces
me to write to you. The seeds were part of a packet received by
Sir John Herschel from the Cape of Good Hope in 1843 and
preserved, since his death in 1871, in his cabinet. Seven plants
have been successfully reared in 1910 and 1911, of which one,
two years old is now some ten or eleven feet high and has flowered
abundantly (not seeded) this autumn. From several letters that
have passed between Professor Vines and myself, I have gathered
much interesting information about the provenance of these seeds
and from Sir John’s correspondence it is clear that so far back as
1834-5 he was studying them in Africa. I find also now a letter
from (Sir) Joseph Hooker acknowledging (to a Mrs. L.. Wilson) the
receipt at Kew, 16 or 26 March, 1844, of what he describes as
‘interesting seeds .... gathered in Australia’ passed on to him
as from Lady Herschel. I have little doubt they formed part of
the 1843 packet.”

In the same letter Sir William was so good as to offer to send to
Kew the flowering example of A. lophantha referred to above ; at
the same time he asked whether the letter from Sir Joseph Hooker
could be verified.

n the collection of correspondence at Kew no reference has been
found to this matter, but in one of the Record Books there is the
following entry in March, 1844 :—* Received from Lady Herschel
48 papers of seeds from S.....

own hand.” That the seeds did actually come from Australia in
the first instance is almost certainly correct. But it was apparently
known at Kew that these seeds had been sent to Sir John Herschel
from South Africa, as explained in Sir William Herschel’s letter ;
the writer of the entry in our Record Book, undecided as to
whether the word “ Africa” or “ Australia” should under the |
circumstances more properly follow the “S.,” left his entry
incomplete for the moment and never subsequently had his difficulty
satisfactorily cleared Ls The main interest of the correspondence
es, however, as Sir William Herschel points out, in its affording
what appears to be an authentic record of “a flowering two-year
old plant aftér 68 years dormancy ”. of its séed pe
Sir William’s promise has ‘been fulfilled and this interesting
plant has now been added to the collection at Kew. 2

111

Botanical Magazine for February.— The plants figured are
Stanhopea peruviana, Rolfe (t. 8417); Stranvaesia undulata, Decne.
(t. 8418); Leptospermum scoparium, Forst., var. Nichollit, Turrill
(t. 8419); Olearia chathamica, T. Kirk (t. 8420) and Crassula
Barklyi, N. E. Br. (t. 8421).

Stanhopea peruviana is a handsome Orchid discovered in Peru by
Mr. Forget when collecting on behalf of Messrs. Sander & Sons,
St. Albans, most nearly allied to the Mexican species S. Wardii,
Lodd., but with smaller flowers and narrower petals and with, at the
same time, a rather different lip. The flowers are fragrant; as
in other species of the genus they last only a few days, The
subject of the plate was presented by Messrs. Sander & Sons to
the Kew collection in 1909 and flowered there for the first time in
January 1910.

Stranvaesia undulata is one of the numerous Chinese plants for
whose introduction horticulture is indebted to Mr. E,. H. Wilson

by characters that when taken individually seem to be of slight
importance. The best known of these forms are those described by
Decaisne as S. undulata and S, Davidiana. Even with large suites
of specimens it is not difficult to keep these two apart pene it
seems necessary to treat the plant termed S. Henryi by Dr. Diels
as O form of S. Davidiana. More recently, however, Dr.
Schneider has decided that it is not possible to separate the latter
from S. undulata and the plant figured certainly goes far towards
justifying this conclusion, because as regards foliage it is the
original S. undulata whereas it has the inflorescences characteristic
of S. Davidiana. The evanescent character of the petals detracts
from its value as a flowering shrub, but as one with ornamental
fruit it possesses great merit and owing to its extremely hardy nature
it bids fair to take the place of the Pyracanth in places with a co

winter climate. It is easily propagated both by cuttings and from
s

=}
—

was obtained from a plant grown at Kew under glass ; when so
treated it opens its flowers in April and remains in blossom for

112

about six weeks. The Kew experience is.that in plants under
glass the leaves are green; only in plants grown in the open does
the foliage here assume a coppery tinge.

Olearia chathamica is another striking New Zealand plant for
whose® introduction, in 1908, horticulture is again indebted to
Captain Dorrien-Smith. This ‘handsome Composite i is not, however,
met with in New Zealand proper; it is confined to the Chatham
place, a goal gronp lying further to the east, where it grows in
compact masses on the cliff edges or scattered about , among the upland
bogs, along with O. semédentata, another and it is said even more
handsome member of the ee genus. The material for ee igure
was supplied by the Rev. A. T. Boscawen, to whom it
_ given by Capt. Dorrien-Smith and in whose. garden at Litiecn
near Marazion it flowered in June, 1911. At Ludgvan it has
proved quite hardy and is readily propagated by means of cuttings.

Crassula Barklyi is a curious small species which was first
cainerae in Little. Namaqualand by the late Sir H. Barkly about

5. The plants figured were, however, some which were presented
i Kew in January, 1911, by Professor Pearson of Cape Town; they
formed part of a collection made during the Percy Sladen Expedi-
- tion, led by Professor Pearson, and were found by Mr. Pillans, one
of the party, some little distance south-west of Bakhuis.

The Plums of New York—A copy of this elaborate work,*
published by the New York Agricultural. Experiment Station, has
been presented to the Library by Mr. W..P. Hedrich, who is already
favourably known as the author of a similar volume dealing with the

merican species and varieties of Vitis, entitled “The Grapes of
New York.” The of the present volume .is taken. up with
descriptions of varieties of plums that can be grown in New York
State, with notes on their origin, history, characteristics and culti-
vation. It is of quarto size, runs to 628 pages, and is illustrated by
about one hundred finely executed, coloured portraits of the more
important stig wot fruit and the flowermg sprays of . some
American species of Prunus. The plums derived from the: Old:
World P. distettite, a are still by hae the most important in North
American gardens, especially in the longer settled States. But
numerous varieties have been and are being raised by selection and
hybridisation from the North American species. These are of
pee uliar interest and value because in many parts of the. United

8,

tate
South eet Puro can plums will not thrive. The Chinese

soe ae of New York : Bepcet of the New York Agricultural oo
pr megetinala tielaeta IL. Albany :. J.B. L em Siete Sranionn ©

[All Rights Reserved.]

ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW.

BULLETIN

OF

MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION,

No. 3.] (1912.

XI—ALCOHOL.

J. H. HoLtuanp:

The greatly extended use of alcohol in various industries has —
suggested that a review of the sources whence it is obtained might
be of some value. »

Ethyl Alcohol is the intoxicating constituent of all fermented
beverages—cider, wine, beer, &c., and when distilled forms the base
of all potable spirits, receiving different names according to the
substance from which it is distilled—brandy from grapes; whisky
from grain—barley,rye, &c.; gin—plain pith usually grain, flavoured

e

“d
with “Genevrier” (hence the name Geneva) or Juniper berries
which in

commercial scale are confined to products of a suitable nature,
which are available in convenient and sufficiently large quantities.
These consist of plants that naturally contain sugar in sufficient
proportion—fruits, sugar-cane, beetroot, &c., or starch, which may be
converted into sugar by fermentation—potatoes, various kinds of
grain, roots, &c. Lee

Methyl Alcohol, Wood Naptha, or Wood Spirit is obtained by
the dry or destructive distillation of wood, usually, to make the
business profitable, in combination with the production of charcoal,
creosote, and various acids. (See § (7) Wood, &c.)

The plants or parts of plants producing alcohol here enumerated
include the more important, those of local interest, a few that have
been suggested as possible sources, and finally the Yeast plant
which is of fundamental importance in all alcoholic fermentation,
but does not need further mention here.

The sources under consideration may be conveniently divided into
(1) Fruits, (2) Roots, Tuberous-roots, and Root-stocks ; (3) Grain ; .
(4) Stems ; (5) Leaves ; (6) Inflorescences ; (7) Wood or Woody-
‘substances; (8) Peat.

(23204—6a.) Wet. 118—9, 1125, 3/12, Disjs.

114

(1) Fruits.

Grape-vine (Vitzs vinifera, Linn., var.), cultivated in South
Europe, North Africa, South Africa, Canary Islands, Syria,
United States of America, South America, Australia, &c., for the
production of wine, the total production of which is well over
3,000,000,000 gallons annually, the share of France, the largest
producer, being well over one-third of this.’ 12,000,000 gallons
approximately are imported annually from all sources into this
country.2 There are many varieties, with white and black fruits.
The grape is perhaps the oldest and best known source of potable
alcohol—brandy, which may be distilled from any wine, but the very
best is that prepared in Cognac, in the Charente Department. of
France, chiefly from the white grapes (var. “ Folle blanche”) of
that locality. A product of high quality is being obtained in the
Piraeus, on the same principle as that employed in Cognac.’
Brandy is also produced in the United States to the extent of over
4,000,000 gallons a year. It may also be distilled from raisins—
one ton will yield an average of about 145 gallons of proof spirit,’
from currants or currant-grape (Vitis vinifera, Linn., var. corinth-
taca)—about 600 Ib. of dried currants yield 100 litres of alcohol’—
and an inferior quality is obtained from the marc of grapes and the
dregs of wine vats. Grape skins to the extent of 6,757,190 gallons
were used in Germany during 1908 for distillation purposes. From
the stalks and pips of grapes a spirit is distilled, and forms the
favourite drink of the people in Smyrna. - It is used either plain or
flavoured with the gum of the “ Mastic” tree (Pistacia Lentiscus,

; 7

The colour of “ pale brandy ” is due entirely to the oak casks in
which it is usually stored, and the rich “ brown brandy ” is coloured
with caramel or burnt sugar. Spurious brandies are merely plain
spirit, specially flavoured and coloured—usually grain-spirit sent
from England or Germany to France, for preparation and return
under cover of a good name. Some useful particulars of “ Frauds
in the Brandy ‘l'rade in France” are given in Diplomatic and
Consular Report, Misc. Series, No. 72, 1887, pp. 1-3.

Tt has been estimated that the average percentage of total
sugars calculated as dextrose in grapes is 15-0, and the approximate
yield of alcohol from a ton is from 21-22 gallons.®
_ Spirit distilled from the grape is rarely if ever used for
industrial purposes, although mention ought to be made here of the

alcohol from currants in Greece being used for heating and
highting.° |

' Blyth, “‘ Wines and Wine making at the Paris Exhib.” Journ. Roy. Hort.
Soe. xxvi. Dec. 1901, p. 428.

bl
* Annual Statement, Trade of the U. Kingdon, i. 1910, p. 233.
* See Dip. and Cons. Rep. No. 4228, Ann. 1909, p. 8.
* Perkins, Journ. Dept. Agric. S. Australia, xiii. 1909, p. 193.
‘ . 1906, p. 16.

* Monthly Cons. and Trade Rep. Washington, No. 339, Dec. 1908, p. 179.
Slate ae DOI oe ne és

, Wiley and Sawyer, Farmer's Bull. No. 429, 1911, pp. 11, 12.

* Monthly Cons. and Trade Rep. Washington, No. 317, 1907, p. 211.

“115

The following fruits, without reference to importance, vai under
certain conditions be utilised for distillation.

Apple (Pyrus Malus, Limn.,:var.), containing an average per-
eentage of 12°2 total sugars, capable of yielding about 14 oalfvini
of alcohol per ton! 632,343 nary of spirit were distilled from
apples in the United States during 1905

Pear (Pyrus communis, Linn., var. i average percentage of total
sugars, 10°0.1. This fruit and the apple are used in France where
in 1905, 2,274 hectolitres were distilled.* It is also distilled in the
Caucasus, where the production is subject to variation in propernen
to the annual vintage, the loss on which in bad years is said to
made up by this and other fruit spirits.

Peach (Prunus Persica, Benth. and Hook., var.), average per-
centage of total sugars, 7°6.!

- Cherry (Prunus Cer sale Linn,, var.), uséd in the yrbaaga ve of

“ Kirschwasser” in Germany, an important centre of the industry
being in the Black Forest ; "To0 kilos. of cherries yield tekst nF
litres of pure alcohol, or 7— 8 litres of “ Kirsch ” at 55°.°): dn190

12,684 gallons of this fruit were used for distillation purposes in
Germany. The Cherry is also distilled in the Caucasus, on the
same principle as given under Pear

Plum (Prunus domestica, a var.), 64, 368 gallons used in
Germany during 1908.°

Prune (Prunus domestica, Linn., var. Juliana).

Strawberry Tree (Arbutus Unedo, Linn. ) a small Ss tree,
native of the Mediterranean region—Southern Fran pain, &c.,
probably indigenous to Ireland. The aC ea are allt into @ wine
in Corsica, and alcohol is obtained from them in Italy, where the
spirit is sold at 40° proof,’ and in Zante.*

Banana (Musa sapientum, Linn.), contains 20-25 per cent. of
fermentable material,’ a high percentage of dextrose (13°8)' and
therefore a possible source of alcohol, but its value as a food is more
than likely to outweigh any recommendation for the production of
spirit except from waste material. It is reported that a very good
spirit has been obtained from bananas unfit for any other purpose,
in Guatemala, the yield being estimated at 8 litres from each
bunch of bananas.” “Banana Wine” is .of some importance in
the Antilles, Barbados, J amaica, Central ‘Africa, East A frica—
Kilimanjaro, Congo region, &c.

. , wiley and Sawyer, Farmer’s Bull. No. 439, 1911, pp. 11, 12.
iley, Farmers’ Bull. No. 269, 1906, p. 2
3 Monthly Cons. and aoe Rep. Wahiagton, No. 312, 1906, p. 14.
4 Kew Bull. Rhee er 4.
5 Spon’s Encyel. i. p. 2
: Monthly ena 4 and Trade Rep. Wena No. S88, 1908, p. 179.
~7 Simmonds, Was é mgr and Undevel. 8 p. 213
ating ood, Hist. Ineb. Liq. p.
x Wiley, U.S. Dept. Agric. Farmers’ Bull. Babs 268, 1906, p. 15.
-10 Journ, d’Agric. Tropicale, ix. 1909, p. 7
2% Kew Bull. 1894,!'p. 294.

23204 Az

116

Date-Palm (Phoenix dactylifera, Linn.). The fruits =< a spirit
used locally in Syria, Egypt, Nubia,’ &c. (see § (4) Ste

Carob ( Ceratonia Stliqua, Linn.). -The pods are setiiley of yielding
18°25 per cent. of spirit, and according to Gennadius,’ for t rT
purpose in Cyprus finely ground Carobs are soaked in treble the
quantity of hot water, and to the sugary liquid thus obtained when
somewhat cooled, beer yeast and a little sulphuric acid (2 per 1000)
is added. After fermentation the spirit is distilled, but aistillation
is only profitable when the price of the beans is not higher than
10 franes per 100 kilog. The residue is used as food for cattle
and ee

Cashew (Anacardium occidentale, Linn.). A spirit may be
distilled from the juicy fleshy pedicels of the fruit. The

Mozambique, Portujriese East Africa, there is an area of about
12,000 acres, where the trees grow freely and the distillation of the
spirit, subject to heavy rca by the Portuguese Government, is
an industry of some importan (See K. B. 1898, pp. 28-29.) It
does not appear that the stilton of Cashew Spirit is anywhere
more than of local importa

Prickly Pear (Upuntia spp. it natives of S. America. The fruits
of (Opuntia laevis, Coult.) native of the S. U. States of reser’
have been found to contain from 6°87 to 11°92 per cent. of su
For profitable distillation they should be conveniently Sriaisuute ( in
quantities of at least 10 tons per acre. In Malaga an average crop

of fruit from 20 sq. meters is given at 2600 fruits (13 fruits to the

kilog.), the average quantity of alcohol obtainable being 8 per cent.”
Owing to the spiny nature of the fruits both of the spiny and
spineless plants, the collection is more or less of a serious difficulty,
and in New Mexico, gathering the fruits by cacps” is sa ce ape
the industry being worked on a profitable basis.6 ‘“ Col ” isa
fermented drink made from the whole fruit in Kone as it is
sometimes distilled from it. The fermented peelings of the « una,’
for distillation is said to have proved unsatisfactory, the spirit pro-
duced had a bad effect on the natives (causing violent headaches)
and they prefer Tequila and other Maguey (Agave) products.’

Central African or Desert Date i ia aegyptiaca, Delile). The
fruits are used in Nupe, N. Nigeria, to make an into Arist Bg drink,
and an alcoholic igri is made from shesn on the Congo

' Morewood, “ Hist. of Inebr. Liquors,” pp. 51, 55.
* “The Carob Tree,” p. 12.
® meee Pharm. Journ, i vii. 1877, p. 731.
*U.S. Dept. Brock Exp. St. Rec. xxiii. 1910, p. 710 (from New Mexico St.
Rep. 1909, pp. 18-21 s
; Kew Bull, 1888, p. 172.
ourn. Roy. Hort. Soc, xxxvii. Oct., 1911, p. 237 (from “ Alcohol from
Tunas and other Sources,” Hare, Mitchell & Bjerregaard, U.S.A. Exp. St. New

. 72, 1909),
: cee Griffiths, New Mexico Coll. of Agric. Exp. St. Bull. No. 64, 1907,
a Kew Bull Add. Series ix, 1908, p. 138,

117

Pine-apple Ss pte a Schult. f.), has been found to contain
11°7 per cent. of dextrose.! In the Federated Malay States, wines
or champagnes are roporiel to have been made, but apparently
with little success.? There seems to have been no attempt made to

produce alcohol from Pines, although there must be considerable
material going to waste, that might be utilised in this way, in con-
nection with the canning industries.

Mulberry (Morus nigra, Linn.). A spirit is distilled from the
fruits in the Caucasus, the amount produced during the five years
prior to 1893, averaging 65,000 vedros (175,760 gallons). The
production is ‘subject to “cree in proportion to the annual
vintage, the loss on which is said, in bad years to be made up with
mulberry spirits.’ A spirit is hai to fe sometimes a ai from
the fruits of White Mulberry (Morus alba, Linn.) in Kashm

Jambolana (Eugenia Jumbolana, Lam.), a large eve eer Hee
grown throughout. ney Ceylon, Malaya, &c. A spirit is distilled
from the fruits in Goa

(2.) Roots, TuBERoUs-RooTS AND RooTstTocks.

Potato (Solanum tuberosum, Linn. var.). The Potato is the most
important source of industrial alcohol in Europe. The centre of
the industry is in Germany, where the production is fostered by the
State, and where it is one of the most important branches of Agri-
culture.

The varieties grown for distillation are Wait possessing
a high percentage of starch, and good cro

Considerable attention has been given ies the selection and im-
provement of suitable varieties in Germany, and those found to
best meet the requirements, are “ Professor Wohltman ”—containing
16°3 per cent. of starch, and yielding 342 bushels of tubers per

acre ; “ Iduna ”—16°4 per cent. starch, 284 bus. ; “ Topaz ”—17°3
per cent., 326 vi ; “Sas "—18°3 per cent., 399 bus.; “ Leo ”—

17 per cent., 4 2 bus.; “ Richter’s Imperator ”_15°4 per cent.,
476 bus.; “ Silesia ”_16°3 per cent., 367 bus.; and “ Professor

Maercker,” containing 14°5 per cent. starch and yielding 428 bus.
per acre.’

The area under cultivation in Germany in 1909 was 8,212,944
acres giving a total yield of 46,706,252 metric tons of potatoes,
equal to 5°68 tons per acre, 5 per cent. it is stated were diseased ;°
in 1910 the area was estimated at 8,142, 000 acres producing a
crop of 42,770,000 tons or 5*25 tons per acre.’

he average price is about 20s, per ton, and the yield of alcohol
about 25 gallons pure or 44 gallons Breet from a ton of potatoes.

+ wiley and Sawyer, U.S. Dept a Ages. Farmers’ Bull. No. mo sree p. 11.
? Ridley, Agric. Bull. Straits & Fed. Malay St. i. 1904, p. 4

46.
> Mon. Cons. and Trade Rep. Was een? No. 312, 1906, p. 1
6 Journ. Bd. of Agric. xvii. Sept. 1910, p. 502 (from Dip. tad Cons. Rep.
_ 23).

. p. 865.
8 Le. xii. May 1905, es 105-106.

118

Another estimate is 1 gallon pure alcohol from 1-26 bushels of
potatoes.’ ns is ,9g

» The advisability of developing a similar industry in this country
has been enquired into by a Committee especially appointed for
the purpose, and the conclusions arrived at were, “that in the pre-
sent agricultural conditions of this country it would not be possible
to found a profitable industry.”? In Ireland the Department of
Agriculture has come to somewhat. similar conclusions. unless the
first cost of the potatoes was less than 29s. per ton. The success
attending distillation of spirit from the potato in Germany is re-
garded as being due to favourable taxation, enabling the potato
distilleries to compete with the cereal distilleries, the payment of a

ounty on alcohol used for methylation, export, or in the. manu-
facture of goods intended for export, the heavy cost of transport
from some parts of the Empire to markets, and the consequent low
net price realised for potatoes intended for consumption, and the
use of a large proportion, when refined as a potable spirit.2 To
these considerations may be added the use of the residue after dis-
tillation as food for cattle.

Particulars of the industry as carried on in Germany, prepared

y Dr. Rose, H.M. Consul at Stuttgart are given in The Journal

of the Board of Agriculture, vol. xi. April 1904, pp. 29-31.
Potatoes are also grown in Prussia—yield 25,630,000 metric tons

in 1911 ;* in Poland, from whence 11,000,000 gallons of spirit were
exported in 1907 to Russia,® where also they are grown for purposes
of distillation, the cultivation becoming annually of greater im-
portance.°

low a percentage of sugar (4 per cent. or thereabouts) as to be
Tyeaebe for use in the sugar factories.

e value of other roots mentioned here, lies in the starch con-
tent, but that of the beet-root turns on the sugar content, of which
they may contain 13-16 per cent., capable of producing about 18 |
gallons of spirit per ton.® Voelcker in 1870 estimated the return

om an acre at 20 tons of beet-root yielding 360 gallons of proof
spirit and 4 tons of pulp; the profit on a distillery working a crop
of 500 acres being given at £9,000, or nearly double that of a sugar

' Mon. Cons. and Trade Rep. Washington, No. 312, 1906, p. 5.

* Journ. Bd. of Agric. xii. May 1905, pp. 105-106.

> 1.c. xi. March 1905, p. 733.

‘ Bd. of Trade Journ. Dec. 7th, 1911, p. 511.

* Dip. and Cons. Rep. No. 3988, Ann. 1908, p. 22.

* Bd. of Trade Journ. Jan. 12th, 1911, p. 101.

‘ Bd. of Trade Journ. Dec. 14, 1911, p. 562. The accuracy of the figures

"Pweg US Doph A 2 d Bull
y, U.S. : ic. Farmers’ Bull. No. 268, 1906, p. 30, am .

Imp: we 1907, p. 6a. so ee

119

factory working the same crop.’ A more conservative estimate of
the yield a roots per acre is 16 tons.”

Sweet Potato pea Batatas, Linn.). There are upwards of 50
varieties of this plant. The variety “ White Sealy,” out of 16 varieties
examined in Jamaica, is the best for starch content, containing
30°94 per cent., with a yield of about 7 tons of tubers per acre.
In the same set “ Fire brass” with pale red tubers, contained the
least amount—23° “4 per cent. of starch, though it ‘yielded 1] tons
of tubers per acre.’ Experiments in South Carolina go to show that
two of the best white varieties are “ Southern Queen,” yielding
416 bushels per acre, containing in all 4443 lbs. of starch, producing
473°5 gallons of alco sho l, and “ Brazilian,” yielding 450 bushels per
acre and containing 4848 Ibs. of starch, from which 462-2 gallons
of alcohol were produced.’ Wiley and Sawyer estimate that sweet

tatoes containing 25 per cent. of starch will yield approximately
38 gallons of alcohol per ton.°

Cassava (Manihot utilissima, Pohl.), the bitter Cassava, and
(Manihot palmata, var. Aipi, Muell.-Arg.), the sweet Cassava.
The roots have been found to contain 25 per cent. of starch and a
ton of roots is suggested as likely to produce about 42 gallons of
alcohol.’ The yield from dried roots has been found to be
59°8 litres per cent. on the starch content, which averages 67 per
cent. This is not an established source of alcohol, but other
conditions being favourable and remembering that the plant is
cultivated more or less all over the plead world for food and starch,
it is not unlikely that the cultivation could be extended in order to
make it valuable for the purpose under consideration. The plant is
capable of yielding from 5 tons and upwards of roots per acre.

Arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea, Linn.) The rhizomes or
root-stocks of this plant have been mentioned as a possible source of
alcohol. An acre will produce approximately 5—7 tons of rhizomes
capable of yielding a ton or more of dried starch.? The plant is a

native of Central America, Brazil, the West Indies, &c., where it is
cultivated for the starch or Arrowroot. It is easily grown and
comes to maturity in a few months,

Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus, Linn.). The fermentable matter
as laevulose and inulin in the tubers is given as from 16~18 per cent.,

? Voelcker, ‘ Beetroot ete pp. 86, 121.
* Inte stony aite ourn. xiii. 1911, p. 410.

: Volek r; Lc.

? eres Bull. Dept. Agric. Jamaica, ii. Dec. 1904,

5 U.S. Dept. Agric. Exp. St. Rec. xxi. 1909, p. 432 (from S. Carolina St, Bull.
No. 146, 6, pp

s” Bul No. 429, 1911, p. 20.
: aos 19.
5 Inter. Su ugar Journ. xi. 1909, p. 612.
z ea Bull. 1893, p. 196.

120

nd with 17 per cent. of fermentable substance a ton is estimated to
yield about 25 gallons of alcohol. The Jerusalem Artichoke 1s a
native of N. America; it has been commonly cultivated in this
country for two or three centuries as a vegetable. It is also largely
grown on the Continent for the same purpose and in Germany to
some considerable extent for the production of alcohel.

Mescal Maguey (Agave spp.). The species of Agave yielding the
“Mescal” or “Tequila” of Mexico are somewhat uncertain.
According to Rose,” they differ principally in the thinner leaves
from those Agaves that yield the “ pulque” or fermented beverage
of the Mexicans, and which have more fleshy succulent leaves.
Agave atrovirens, Karwinski, is regarded as the usual source of
pulque (q.v.).

The Agaves yielding “ Tequila” are recognised as a possible
source of industrial alcohol. The spirit is distilled from the root-
stock. ‘The distillation is of some considerable importance in Mexico,
the chief seat of the industry being the State of Jalisco. The
plants take from 7-12 years to mature, and the best liquor is
distilled from 12-year-old plants. When harvested they are stripped
of all leaves and the rootstocks are carted to the distillery. _ Six to
twelve cart loads or 48 arrobas (12001b.) produce approximately
one barrel (45 gallons) of Tequila.’

Yam (Dioscorea sativa, Linn. and D. alata, Linn.). Cultivated
throughout Tropical Africa, West Indies, &c., for food. There are
several varieties, most of which are quite capable of yielding crops
equal to the Potato and Sweet Potato, and with these two crops the
yam may be classified as of equal value for the production of alcohol.
Wiley has estimated the percentage of fermentable matter at
from 14-26.‘

Other root-crops that have been suggested as containing ferment-
able material suitable for the production of alcohol are Turnip
(Brassica campestris, Linn. var.), Carrot (Daucus Carota, Linn.),
Parsnip (Peucedanum sativum, Benth. & Hook. f., var.), and Mangold
(Beta vulgaris, Linn.; var.), but as in the case of some of the fruits
it is only under special circumstances that they could be profitably
utilised. The distillation of Mangolds it may be mentioned was
attempted in Eugland—Cirencester, &c.—about 1860, and proved a
complete failure, owing it was stated to the low percentage of sugar
in the roots—rarely more than 4°5 per cent.—and to the defective
distilling apparatus.’ .

Tehirish. The rootstocks of Tchirish (Asphodelus ramosus, Linn.
and A, albus, Willd.
have been found to yield

tter, made in Cagliari, Italy, at the
DU PASTORS MRE AED eS AO
' Wiley and Sawyer, U.S. Dept. Agric. Farmers’ Bull. No. 429, 1911, p. 18. _
“oat on Useful Pl. Mexico” Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. v. No. 4, 1899,
p. 224. ‘
* Monthly Cons. and Trade Rep. Washington, No, 328, Jan. 1908, p. 119.
* Farmers’ Bull., No. 268, 1906, p. 27.
* Voelcker, Beet-Root Distillation,” p. 40.

121

Exhibition of 1862. The Asphodel has also been used for purposes
of distillation in Algeria

The root bark of Aedite Jacquemontii, Benth., a bushy thorny
shrub of India, is also said to be used in the distillation of spirit.?

(3.) GRAIN.

Barley (Hordeum vulgare, Linn.), the egies ei souree of whisky
distilled from the malt in this country. In Germany during 1907,
172,201 metric tons were used for distillation.’ It is also used to
some extent in Russia for the purpose; the general crop for the
73 provinces in 1909, amounted te 10,148 tons.*| Wiley and Sawyer
give the starch percentage as 58°9.°. Barley malt, owing to its high
cost, is not advisable as a source of industrial alcohol, but it is a
convenient and suitable medium for converting starch of other grain
into sugar preparatory to fermentation and distillation.

‘Rye (Secale aan Linn.), largely cultivated in N. Europe. In
@dbuiiny, 1907, there were 103,352 metric tons used for distillation. :
It is an pipestant source of alcohol in ussia— dka” the
national drink being made from it ; the crop in 1909 amounted to
22,416 tons.‘ It is largely the “ erain-spirit ” " redistilled to make
gin. It is not much used in England, but appears to be of some
importance in America where for all purposes in 1910 the total
acreage was 2,155,000, yielding 32,088,000 bushels, (31,115,636
Imp. bus.)* According to Wiley and Sawyer the grain contains
53°7 per cent. of starch. It is used very largely in distilleries which
produce compressed yeast or rye-whisky, sometimes used in the
yeast. mashes of distilleries, but too expensive to be used as the
chief ingredient of the mash and rarel yields over 85 gallons of
alcohol per ton.’ Voelcker gives the yield at 16 cwts. per acre,
furnishing 95 gallons of proof spirit.°

Maize (Zea Mays, Linn., var.), is the principal source of industrial
alcohol in the United States of America, where the estimated
acreage under corn in 1905 was 94,011,369, giving a yield of
2,707,993,540 bushels or an average of about 28°8 bushels per acre.°
Maize is also used in Bilbao, Spain, for distillation.” Distillers’ Corn
(* Yellow Dent”), has been found to contain 57°9 per cent. of starch
and 2°3 per cent. of sugars. One ton (United States) of grain made
up of 1850 Ibs. of maize and 150 Ibs. of malt, is calculated to yield
100 gallons (or approx. 2°5 as per bushel) of alcohol ; the grain
contains 64 per cent. of stare

Sorghum, Guinea Corn or Dari (Sorghum vulgare, Pers.; Andropogon
Sorghum var. vulgaris, Hack). In Germany, 1907, “ dari” (and corn)

. Simmonds, ‘ ‘ Waste soon and Undevel. Substances,” p. 228.
ge ate

a peat Bont Distil me 121.
7 “ Beet-Root Distillatio
: Wy U.S. Dept. pace armers’ Bull. No. 268, 1906, p. 18.
® Dip. and Cons. 5 No. 3590, Ann. 1906, p. 13.

122

was distilled to the extent of 104,347 metric tons.’ A spirit is
distilled from the grain in Manchuria, under the name of “ Kaoliang
Whisky,” samples of which were exhibited at the J apan-British
Exhibition, London, 1910. Kaoliang seeds are used in the manu-
facture of “ Samshu.” ?

r

ercentage of alcohol. ‘“ Samshu”’ is distilled from rice, in Hong

Wong. where the spirit forms the basis of several beverages
prepared by flavouring with plums, oranges and other fruits.

The spirit possesses a peculiar pungent and disagreeable odour,
which makes it unsuitable for certain purposes, but it is less
pungent when the husk is removed before fermentation.‘ Wile
gives the percentage of fermentable matter in rice as nearly

No i

rica, e
production of alcohol,

Ragi (Eleusine coracana, Gaertn.), a grass, native of India, where
the seed is an important article of food. A fermented beverage is
prepared from the grain, and a spirit is sometimes distilled from it.

(4.) Srems.

Sugar Cane (Saccharum officinarum, Linn.). The sugar cane is
cultivated more or less throughout the tropics for sugar. It is
the source of rum, distilled chiefly from the molasses, the most
notable being that prepared in Jamaica, where the production of
rum is a leading industry.

Alcohol is also obtained from this plant in Cuba,® Salvador,
where in 1908 there were 62 distilleries’; Colombia’; Salaverry, Peru
—the spirit exported only to Bolivia®—and in Mexico. The cane
in Mexico yields 70 per cent. of juice on weight, giving from 9-10 per
cent. of alcohol, and the cost per litre of producing 96 per cent.

cohol irom sugar-cane juice averages a little more than 1
centimo (4 cent) after the cane is delivered at the mill, which
can be done for from 4-6 pesos (about 2-3 dollars) per ton.
“ Aguardiente ” made from cane-sugar is one of the chief distilled
drinks of Mexico! and in Colima, Mexico, the annual production
of spirit is given at 262,000 litres, value (1907 ) 23 cents per litre.’

' Mon, Cons, and Trade Rep. Washington, No. 339, 1908, p. 179.
? Dip. pa Cons. Rep. Ann. No. 4424, 1910, p- 11.

3 rad ,
“Le. No, 334, July 1908, p. 81.
: Le. No. 341, 1909, pp. 149-150.
Dip. and Cons. Rep. No. 3635, Ann. reg 6 34.
i 0. 332, May 1908, pp. 85-86.
Herb. v. No. 4, 1899, p. 224.
2

*

123

A small but interesting local industry exists in San J is di Talisco,
near Sucre, Bolivia, where, in 1905, 1050 ewts. of 9 0 per cent.
alcohol (including perhaps some from other cereals) were distilled
from sugar-cane in one distillery, and the out-put from various
smaller distilleries amounted to another 1000 ewt. It is claimed
that the Talisco alcohol is superior to that of German and Peru-
vian origin, which occasionally reaches that district: the tins in
which the spirit is arin sold contain 37 Ibs. net, value
wholesale (1906) 24s. per tin

Sugar Corn (Zea Mays, ben); The pi cise on to Wiley
and Sawyer,” contain from 7-15 per cent, of s ; the waste stalks
amount to about 40 per cent. of the total echt ‘of corn, and are
capable of yielding from 6-10 per cent. of alcohol or about 11 gallons
to every ton of corn. The season, however, during which these
stalks are in a fit condition for the production of alcohol is so
limited that it is DRe to question if it would pay, unless other

lost. The production of alcohol from the stems is suggested in
connection with the corn-canning industry.

Sugar Sorghum (Soryhum saccharatum, Moench, var.). Cultivated
in N. India, China, Japan and N. America. The stalks are
recommended as a likely source of alcohol. 1000 lbs. of the juice
of the variety “ Colman,” containing 14°42 per cent. of sucrose and

‘1 per cent. of reducing sugars, is calculated to yield 12} gallons
of 180° alcohol, and the Beets of alcohol from a ton of cleaned
stalks may be from 15 to 18 ga

Grass Trees or Black Boys (Xanthors hoea os Endl., and other
species). Perennial plants with thick short or rescent wo
stems an dense apical tuft. The art is opin
to Australia. The inner part of the stem has been suggested as
source of industrial alcohol, and proposals have been advanced to
utilise the trees in Victoria ’ (over 100,000 acres), Queensland® and
West Australia,’ where the plants cover large areas. The success
of such a venture would, however, be open to question in view of
the availability of other and better sources. The present value of
the stems lies in the resin or “Grass tree gum” of commerce,
which exudes naturally from the bases of the old leaves; used for
making spirit varnishes and for staining wood.

Sotol (Dasylirionteranum, Schult). “Sotol” is a spirit similar
to “mescal ” (see Agave spp.) obtained from the crown of this plant.
The Sotol plant has been found to yield 16 per cent. of laevulose.*

1 Dip. and Cons. Rep. No. seis tere 1906, p. 24.

2 Farmers’ Bull. No. 429, 1911, p. 15.

3 Le. No. 268, 1906, p. oe

‘ No, 429, 1911,

Bio £ f Trade Journ a Pees Toth, 1908, p. 377.

hk Ma 20th, 1909, p
+ Sora: ‘tok A Agric. W. Australia, 1907, p. 514.

* Wiley and Sawyer, U.S. Dept . Agric. Farmers’ Bull. No, 429, 1911, p. 11.

124

The Dasylirions are mostly natives of Mexico, where they grow in
comparatively waste dry regions.

Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera, Linn.) and Wild Date (Phoenix
sylvestris, Roxb.). | Sometimes the sap obtained from. the stems is
distilled into spirit in India, but the former plant is of greater
importance for the fruit and the latter for the production of sugar
or “ Jaggery.”

(5.) Leaves.

Utschkui (Heracleum Sphondylium, Linn.), an Umbellifer, native
of Europe and N. Asia. The petioles of the leaves have been used
in the preparation of alcoholic beverages in Russia, Poland,
Kamschatka, &c. In Russia a spirit is obtained by fermenting
and distilling an infusion of the petioles from which the outer skin

as been removed, a necessary condition, as the spirit would other-
wise be poisonous. e berries of Lonicera coerulea, Linn., 01
berries of Myrtle (Myrtus communis, Linn.), are added to the mash,
and the spirit when rectified is said to be more palatable than that
of native corn-spirit.!

Sisal Hemp or Henequen (Agave rigida, Mill. var. sisalana, Pers.).
It has recently been found possible to produce a spirit from the
waste fleshy matter of the leaf scraped off in the process of extracting
the fibre and from the juice of the leaf. The discovery is due to a
resident in Yucatan and some importance is attached to it as an

.

auxiliary to the already important fibre industry.’

(6.) INFLORESCENCES.

Palmyra or Black Run Palm (Borassus flabellifer, Linn.), native of
Tropical Africa ; cultivated in India, Burma and Ceylon. From
the unopened spathes of this palm a sap is drawn, known in India
as “toddy,” from which the spirit “arrack” is distilled. Accord-
ing to Watt the tapping does not injure the wood as in the case of
the date-palm, since it is only necessary to bruise the flower stalk
_ and to crush the young flower or fruit within, and with this object

slices of the spathe are made for several days in succession. An
earthen pot into which the sap runs is tied to the end of the stump,
and if the juice is to be drunk fresh the pot is coated with lime
inside in order to prevent fermentation. The Palmyra continues
to yield sap at the rate of three or four quarts a day for four or
five months. It begins to yield when about 15 to 20 years old and
goes on for about 50 years, but once in three years the operation
must be discontinued or the tree would die. The female tree yields
about half as much sap again as the male. The juice is richer
in sugar than most other palms; it is said that three quarts of juice
will make one pound of “jaggery.”?

eoa-nut Palm (Cocos nucifera, Linn.), widely distributed in
tropical countries near the sea. Yields a sap from the spathe, the
collection and preparation of which is done in much the same manner

' Pharm. Journ, [4], xxxiii. 1911, p. 779.
? Journ. Roy. Soe, ie Ix. 1912, p. 420,
** Watt, Comm. Prod. India,”

+ P. 1.
[aay

%

125

as that of Borassus. The sap, from which spirit is distilled, is also
known as “ toddy ” in India and “ tuba” in the Philippine Islands, i in
both of which countries the collection of the sap for the distillation
of alcohol is of some considerable importance. In the Philippines,
the average daily production of “tuba” from one palm is—
0°65 litre, and each tree is said to develop about ten ssilonebiaies
a year, each one yielding sap for about two months. Healthy trees
give from 300-400 litres of sap annually, according to age, being
considered at their best when about 40 years old.’ In India the
yield of juice is given at about 12 Madras measures (1}-2 gallons)—
seven measures in the morning and five in the evening, and the
length of time a tree continues to yield varies from six months to
a year in very oo. soil.” The average a of alcohol
Shine from the sap is 6°] per cent. by volume, but some loss is
said to occur partly Lecting fermentation and partly Autia distilla-
tion, because of the crude methods aeiaghiae

Buri Palm (Corypha elata, Roxb.), common in India, eee
Islands, &. This palm is capable of viahilislg alcohol, but as it
flowers only once during its life it is of no particular importance,
.and the yield is estimated at only about 3 per cent.*

Gomuti or Sugar Palm (Arenga saccharifera, Labill.). A tree
30-40 feet high, native of the Sunda, Molucca and Philippine
Islands ; cultivated in Malacca, Siam, Cochin ina, Java, &c.
It flowers when about 10 years old, when “ toddy ” may be drawn
the yield continuing: for approximately two years, at the rate of
about 3 quartsaday.’ “ Arrack” is distilled from the sap in Java,
the rb pan &e. This palm also dies when the fruit is ripe or
after tappin

Nipa Palm (Nipa eink Wurmb.). A low, branched palm,
stem or root-stock stout. Found in the Sunderbunds of India,
extending eastwards be the, Philippine Islands, and southwards to
Malaya, Ceylon, Australia, &c., growing gregari iously in swampy
regions. This palm is the most important source of alcohol in the
Philippines, the only country where it appears to be exploited on
a commercial scale for the purpose. The industry gathers im-
portance from the fact that the Nipa succeeds best in oie a at
where little else is likely to grow. It is tapped for “tuba
about the fifth year after planting, the method being on the same
principle as that for the Cocoa-nut Palm (Cocos nucifera) and other
palms mentioned ; the flowering or fruiting spadix is cut near the
top, a thin slice being remove each day to eet the wound

lives for a go |
suggested’ as the probable Oot The number of plants per
hectare has been estimated at about 2,000 to 2,250, giving a
il per year of 86,862 litres of sap approximately, the average

' Gibbs, Philippine Journ. nas Chem. Series, vi. June 1911, p. 154.
? Dict, Econ. Prod. India, i 50.

3 Gibbs, l.c. p. 163.

pS Prod. Indi 302.

5 Dict. Econ. Pr ndia, i. p.

. Gibbs, Piaiippine Journ. Science, Chem. Series, vi. April 1911, p. 116,

126

daily flow from each tree being 0°579 litre.’ The yield of aleohol from
the sap is given at from 4°1 to 7°5 per cent., and approximately
90,000,000 litres of sap were distilled in the Philippines (1910),
producing 9,023,323 litres of proof alcohol.’

Sago Palm (Caryota urens, Linn.), a handsome palm, common in
Tropical Asia and Malaya. A spirit is sometimes distilled from
the sap, but this as an industry is of secondary importance to that of
fibre ( Kittool ”) production. —

Mahwa (Bassia latifolia, Roxb.). A large deciduous tree of
India and Burma. In India a spirit called ‘“‘ Madhvi” is distilled
from the flowers on an extensive scale. The approximate yield is
given at six gallons per cwt. The flowers were tried in England
as far back as 1877 for distillation and the refuse for feeding cattle,
but although the report was favourable, no further progress seems
to have been made. It has been stated that flowers exported from
Bombay to France, have, after distillation, been returned to that
port in the form of “French Brandy,” * but there does not appear
to be any trade in them now, and the use for distillation is probably
confined to India, or to countries where the tree is abundant.

Pulque Maguey ( Agave atrovirens, Karw., and other species). The
Maguey Agaves are cultivated throughout the mountain region and
on the table-lands of Mexico, for the production of “ Pulque” a
fermented beverage which forms the national drink of the country.
Every house it is stated has a few plants growing near it to supply
pulque for the family.‘ Propagated by suckers or bulbils, the_
plants are ready for tapping in from 4-7 years. The flow of sap
may continue for upwards of 120 days or until the plant dies,
yielding under ordinary conditions from two quarts to a gallon of
Juice per day.° The plants are tapped by cutting out the heart or
central portion when the inflorescence is about to burst out and
would otherwise develop into flower. This juice has been recom-
mended as a source of industrial alcohol.

(7.) Woop or Woopy SuBsTaNcrs.

Methyl or Wood Alcohol may be obtained from almost any hard
wood. The species generally used for the purpose are Beech
(Fagus sylvatica, Linn.), Oak (Quercus spp.), Thorn (Crataegus
Oxyacantha, Linn.)—this in Great Britain beg regarded as one
of the best, though it is not always obtainable in sufficient quantities ;
Birch (Betula alba, Linn.), and Maple (Acer saccharinum, Wang.),
&c. The value depends largely on the quantity available, con-
venience, cheapness, and the means of disposing of the by-products
—charcoal, acetate of lime, &c. The wood may be subjected to
distillation green or seasoned. It has been found that the amount
of wood alcohol obtained from a cord of wood [8 ft. x 4 ft. x
4 ft. = 128 cubic ft.] in the two forms of apparatus—“ oven” and

1 Gibbs, Ic. p. 121.
* Le pa

. Jackson, “ Comm. Botany, 19th Century,” p. 150.
* Rose, “ Notes on Useful Pl. Mexico,” Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. v. No. 4,
1899, p. 224.

° Mon. Cons. and Trade Rep. Washington, No. 328, 1908, p. 118.

127

“retort ”"—is 8 to 10 gallons, together with 45 to 52 bushels of
charcoal, and 180 to 295 Ibs ube grey acetate of lime; and from
“kilns.” 4 to 6 gallons of spirit, the same amount of charcoal and
90 to 150 Ibs. of acetate of lim

A cord of yellow-pine wood fe been found to yield only about
3 gallons of wood-alcohol and 70 Ibs. brown acetate of lim The
Pine woods are of greater value in the production of turpen nti ne.

Hard wood distillation is an established industry in the United
States, where in 1906 it is computed 7,871,494 gallons of crude
alcohol were obtained from 1,144,896 cords of wood?; in Germany and
in Sweden it is being obtained from the waste wood, or residual
sulphite lyes in the preparation of cellulose ; on a growing scale in
Canada and Australia, and on a comparatively smaller scale in this
country. There is in the Forestry Museum at Kew a collection of
the Apes of distillation of wood, presented by Messrs. Turnbull
& lasgow, one of the few firms in the country engaged in the
Tastee on a commercial scale. These are: 1. Wood or Methyl
Alcohol ; 2. Crude Pyroligneous Acid, Wood Oil, Wood Tar,
Acetone, Acetate of Lime, Acetate of Soda, Acetate of Lead

chemical works of Mr. Sales Glen, Kilkerran, Maybole. The
subject has received some consideration in connection with the
Beechwood industry of the Chilterns. The low price, however,
offered for the waste material and the uncertainty of a large and
continuous supply has prevented the foundation of distilleries for
the purpose.’ The Government has recently (1910) sanctioned the
erection of a plant for wood distillation in the Forest of Dean,*
where the large area, approximately 24,000 acres, of eiiber at the
disposal of the Crown, will doubtless contribute largely to the
success of the undertaking, as in view of the high initial cost, it is
only under such conditions, that this industry ene succeed, whereas
the production of ethyl alcohol can, if occasion demands, ‘be more
or less secondary to general agricultural wo

Wattle Wood (Acacia mollissima, Willd.) "ha been recommended
as a source of methyl alcohol, in Natal, in conjunction with the
Wattle bark industry. The limited market for the wood after the
bark has been stripped for euTengs has suggested distillation to
dispose of it, and some investigations have been 2Ol,
Leuchars’ with ee end in view. Dr. Wirtz (London) states tad
the wood compares very favourably with other woods generally.
used in isceaiite distillation and that it comes quite up to the

!

1 Geer, U.S. Dept. Agric. Forest Service, Cire. No. 114, 1907, pp. 3, 4.
2
3 Circe. No. 121, 1907. hee “ye Agric. Forest Service, pp. 3, 5.

6 Trans . Roy. Scottish eee Soc. xxvi. Jan. 1912, p. 99..
7 Natal ‘Agric. Journ, x. 1907, pp. 1535-1539.

128

standard of birch and oak. A distillation test by Messrs. Davis

Bros. (Manchester), showed the production as :—
Value (in England).
Charcoal, 33°2 per cent. ; 6°64 ewts. per ton
of wood ... ER ue “a ies Bo0:.0-per ton

82 per cent. Acetate of Lime 9:05 per cent. ;

2°03 lbs. per ton of wood nat “a
Methyl! Alcohol, 0°81 per cent. ; 2°15 gals.
er ton of wood .., ine oak .. 0 2 6 per gal.

The tree is a native of Victoria, New South Wales and Tasmania.
Introduced to Natal. It grows freely in comparatively poor soil
and comes to maturity for the production of bark in from 5-10

ears.

Sawdust. A method of treating sawdust with gaseous sulphurous
acid to develop the sugar, afterwards fermenting and distilling in
the usual way, has recently been devised by Prof. Alex. Classen,
Technical High School, Aix-la-Chapelle.’ This invention has been
employed at St. Marcel in the Dept. of Ardeche, France,
where one metric ton (2204 pounds) of sawdust yields 100 litres or
27°47 gallons of alcohol, and 20 kilos (42 lb.) of acetic acid. The
residue or spent sawdust is: pressed into briquettes and used as fuel.
It is further stated that the wood alcohol produced by this process
can be drunk or used for any other purpose to which pure alcohol is
usually put.? A factory for the dry distillation of alcohol from
sawdust was established at Fredrikstad, Norway, in 1897, the
plant erected being capable of dealing with 10,000 tons a year.’

alas

(8.) Prat.

In both of these countries the peat-lands are very extensive.
Methyl Alcohol is largely used to denature ethyl alcohol, though
other substances such as benzol, shellac, camphor, castor oil,
turpentine, &c,, are sometimes used. e denaturing process
varies according to the prescribed regulations and the use to which
the mixture is to be put. In France a standard denaturant is
15 litres of wood alcohol, } litre of benzine, and 1 gram of malachite
green to 100 litres of potable alcohol® ; in Germany 24 litres of a
“standard denaturizer” made of 4 parts of wood alcohol, 1 part
pyridin, with the addition of oil of lavender or rosemary in the pro-
portion of 50 grams to each litre, for every 100 litres of potable

' Mon. Cons. & Tr. Rep. Washington. No. 300
* Le. No. 352, 1910, p. Be ey he OO TI, Di 8,

Dip. & Cons. Rep. No. 2013, Ann., 1899, p. 38.
: Mon. Cons. & Tr. Rep. Washington, No. Bir, 1907, p. 213.
: Dip. & Cons. Rep. No. 3567, Ann., 1906, p. 34.

Mon. Cons. & Trade Rep. Washington, No. 312, 1906, p. 11.

129

spirit! ; an alternative method is 1} litres of the “standard dena-
turant ” and 2 litres of benzol to 100 litres of ethyl alcohol, pi
for heating, lighting and various manufactures. Various methods a
allowed for denaturing, sufficient to prevent drinking, but aaitahie
for various uses in which complete denaturing as above would not
be practicable. The process in the United States is 10 gallons

wood alcohol, 4 gallon of benzine, to 100 gallons . ibe alcohol? ;
in England 10 per cent. methyl alcohol, and 3 cent. benzine,!
and in the sen tencia the formula is 97° 5 rettified spilt 2°0 wood
spirit and 0°5 pyridin

Other instances wig be quoted, but the above go to show that
the methods of denaturing are alrnost universally the same.
Alcohol is in most countries an important source of revenue,
and the Seep ume aaa staan and use are all more or
less regulated b

The chief uses to which the denatured product or “ industrial
alcohol” is put are heating, lighting, and motive power—converted
into gas or as fuel. is not unusual even now in agricultural
operations for alcohol to be spent in working machinery over the
same ground which grew the material from which it was developed,
and its value will increase in proportion to the improvements made

camphor, gelatine, lanolin, soap, raed artificial silk, various
chemical and pharmaceutical preparations, photographic paper,
plates, &c., ink, coal-tar colours, vinegar, smokeless powder,

This paper claims little more than merely to indicate the anes
from which alcohol is obtained, and though it probably does not
exhaust ail the possible sources, it covers the best known.

The following list of papers includes the more important literature
on the subject in addition to the references given in the text

Agric. News, Barbados. “The Pulque Maguey of Mexico,”
vii, 1908, p. 287.
Allan, C. é The prpeskgncseniiy ae Jamaica Rum,” in West
Indian Bull. vil. 1906, pp.
Barnes, FE, “ Alcohol se Tndostrial Purposes,” in Natal
gric. Journ, xiii. 1909, pp. 2
Barraclough, Thos... Industrial Alcohol and Fibre from Leaves
and Stems of Plants,” i . ans British Trade Journ. Oct.,
1908 ; Jan. and March, 1
Brachvogel dk % Faia? ‘Alcohol : Its Manufacture and
Uses.” = pp. 1-530 (Tropical Life Publishing Dept.,

Dumesny, P. & Noye es, J. “Wood Products: Distillates and
Extracts,” pp. 1-314, illustrated. Translated by D. Grant
(Scott, Greenwood & Son, London, 1908).

1 Le. No. 299, Aug. 1905, p. 245.
2 Mon. Cons. & Trade Rep. Washington, No. 315, 1906, p. 192,
2 ; Le. oo 313, 1906, p. 1

f Trade Journ. or 2nd, 1909, p. 420.

23204 ; B

130

Geer, W. C. “Wood Distillation,” se S. Dept. Agric. Forest
Service, Cire. No. 114, 1907, pp.

ree H. D. “Lhe Alcohol Industry of the Philippine Islands,”

n The tas Journ. of Science, Chem. Series, vi. April,
1911, pp. 99-143, pls. iviii. and June, 1911, pp. 147- 206,
Is. ix.-xx. with particulars of “Nipes .“: Coconut, oe DOr.

and * Sugar Palms.’

Have: Mitchell, & Bjerregaard. ‘“ Alcohol from Tunas and other
Sources, if Experiment St. New Mexico, Bull. No. 72, 1909.

Holmes, E. 's, fogite for Motive Power,” in cote: Agric.
Victoria. os Feb., 1911, pp. 94-96.

Hubert, P. & Dupré, om « Alcool de Manioe,” in * Le Manioc,”
pp. 186-281 (Dunod & Pinat, Paris, 1910).

Imperial Institute Bull. No. 2, 1907. “The Sources, Manu-
facture and Industrial Uses of Alcohol,” pp. 167-175.

Imperial Institute rene No. 1, 1909. “ Utilisation of Waste

Wood,” pp.73-

Journ. Soc. Arts. The Industrial Uses of Alcohol in Germany,”

_ liv. 1906, pp. 501-502; “in Germany and France,”
pp. 1121-1122.

Journ. Soc, Arts. “ Industrial Alcohol,” liii. 1905, pp. 641-643.

Kew Bull.“ Alcohol from Prickly Pears,” 1888, pp. 172-178.

mapas Lieut.-Col. * Sp 7 aoe OS Distillation of Wattle,” in

tal Agric, Journ. x. Dee., 1907, pp. 1535-1539.

“f Minutes of Evidence taken bes the Departmental Com-
mittee on Industrial Alcohol,” with Appendices (Wyman &
Sons, Ltd., London, 1905

Monthly Cons. and Trade Rep., Washington, No. 339, Dec

1908. Alcohol in CEST. 5 ee Used, P idacicon
and Distilling phi ace pp. 1

Natal Agric. Journ. x. Dec. 1907. rt Diailaae of Alcohol,”
pp. 1528-1539.

Pay, W. H. “Industrial Alcohol,” in Natal Agric. Journ. xi.
1908, pp. 577-583.

Spon’s Encyclopaedia, Div.1. “ Alcohol and pee Liquors,”
pp. 192-229 (E. & F. N. Spon, London, 1879).

Pinchot, G. “Wood used for "Distillation, » U.S. Dept. Agric.
Forest Service, Cire. No. 121, 1907, pp. 1-7.

Tyrer, Thos. “The Need of Duty Free Spirit for Industrial
Purposes,” in Journ. Soc. Arts, lii. 1904. pp. 504-637.

Voelcker, Dr. A. “ Beet-Root Distillation,” pp. 1-126 (London,

Wente, i i eT n,L. M. “ Potato Culls as a Source of
Industrial oe 2 « S. Dept. of Agric. Farmers’ Bull.

Wiley, H. W. “ Industrial Bhat: Sources and Manufacture,”
U.S. Dept. of Agric. Farmers’ Bull. No. 268, 1906,
st.

Wiley, H. W. “Industrial Cue Uses and Statistics,”
Farmers’ Bull. as ae 1906, pp. 1-29.

Wiley, H. W. & Saw H. E. “Industrial Alcohol: Sources
and Mstefaclann? ” Tabests Bull. No. 429, 1911, pp. 1-32.

131

XII—NEW ORCHIDS: DECADE 38.

subacutum, 1°4 cm. longum, 4 mm. latum ; sepala lateralia fere ad
apicem connata, limbus elliptico-oblongus, profunde concavus, apice
bicuspidatus, 1°2 cm. longus. _ Petala lineari-lanceolata, subobtusa,
4 mm. longa. Labellum oblongum, obtusum, concavum, scabridum,
basi subauriculatum, 4 mm. longum. Columna clavata, 3 mm.

onga.

S. Braziu.

Found in a clump of Laelia purpurata, Lindl., and flowered in
the collection of Sir Frederick Wigan, Bart., Clare Lawn, East
Sheen, in January, 1904. The sepals and petals are pallid, striped
with purple-red, and the rest of the flower reddish brown.

372. Dendrobium (Ceratobium) Imthurnii, Rolfe; a D. antennato,
Lindl., caule multo altiore et crassiore, foliis multo latioribus,
labello longiore et petalis brevioribus differt.

Caules aggregati, 1-1°25 m. alti, basi 2°5-3 cm. lati, supra
attenuati, pluriarticulati, foliosi. Folia eiliptico-oblonga, obtusa,
valde coriacea, 7-10 em. longa, 3°5-5 cm. lata. Racemi axillares,
prope apicem ramorum producti, circiter 35 cm. longi, suberecti,
multiflori. Bracteae late triangulari-ovatae, acutae, 2-4 mm. longae.
Pedicelli 4-5 cm. longi. Flores mediocres, albi, labelli lobis
lateralibus lilacino-lineatis. Sepalum oblongo-lanceolatum, acutura,
spiraliter semitortum, 2 cm. longum ; sepala lateralia similia, basi
obliqua, et in mentum triangulare acutum 1 cm. longum extensum,
Petala subpatentia, linearia, acuta, basi attenuata, supra paululo
dilatata et torta, 3-3°5 cm. longa. Labellum trilobum, 2°5 cm.
longum; lobi laterales oblongi, obtusi, minute crenulati; lobus
intermedius obovato-lanceolatus, acutus, minute crenulatus, 1°3 cm.
longus, circiter 6 mm. latus; lamellae per discum parallelae 3,
prope apicem dilatatae, truncatae et minute crenulatae. Columna
oblonga, 6 mm. longa.

SoLtomon Istanps. Sir Everard im Thurn. |

A very robust species, allied to D. antennatum, Lindl., to which
its flowers bear a considerable resemblance, but far more robust in
every respect. It was brought from the Solomon Islands by Sir
Everard im Thurn, K.C.M.G., late Governor of Fiji and High
Commissioner of the Western Pacific, and flowered at Kew in
August, 1911.

373. Bulbophyllum (Oxysepalae) congestum, /olfe; a B. odoratis-
simo, Lindl., floribus minoribus et sepalis multo brevioribus differt. ;
_ Rhizoma repens, subgracile ; internodia 3-5 cm.longa. Pseudobulbi

oblongi, obscure tetragoni, 2-3 cm. longi, monophylli, basi vaginis
ovatis membranaceis obtecti. Folia sessilia, oblonga, obtusa,
coriacea, 4-7 em. longa, circiter 1°5 cm. lata. Seapi axillares,
erecti, 3-6 cm. longi, vaginis ovatis acutis obtecti ; inflorescentiae
capitatae, 1°2-1-5 cm. latae, multiflorae. Bracteae \anceolatae,

3204 : B2

132

acuminatae, 5-7 mm. longae. Pedicelli 4-5 mm. longi. Flores
parvi, albiduli, labello pallide flavo. Sepala subpatentia ; posticum
ovato-oblongum, apice angustum et subobtusum, basi subconcavum,
3-3°5 mm. longum ; lateralia ovata, apice angusta vel subcaudata et
subobtusa, 4-5 cm. longa. Petala ovata, subobtusa, circiter 1 mm.
longa. Labellum recurvum, ovato-oblongum, obtusum, obtuse
bicarinatum, circiter 1 mm. longum. Colwmna lata, apice obtuse
bidentata.

Burma and 8.W. Cuitna. Kachin Hills, Mokum, and mountain
forests to south of Szemao, in the Province of Yunnan, 1220 m.
A. Henry, |2,291.

lowered in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, in September,
1910. It is markedly different from B. odoratissimum, Lindl., in
its smaller flowers, much shorter sepals, and pale yellow, not brown
lip, though in habit the two are much alike.

374. Cirrhopetalum Micholitzii, Rolfe ; a C. retusiusculv, Hook. f.,
floribus minoribus, sepalis lateralibus acutis et aureis differ

repens, lignosum; internodia brevia. Pseudobulbi

acuminatae, 5-6 mm. longae. Pedicelli 8-9 mm. longi, graciles.
Sepalum posticum oblongum, truncatum, minutissime denticulatum,
3-nervium, 3 mm. longum, purpureo-striatum et marginatum ve
purpureo-punctatum ; sepala lateralia connata, lineari-oblonga,
acuta, 2 cm. longa, aurea. /etala sepalo postico similia et
concoloria. Labellum recurvum, lineari-oblongum, obtusum,
carnosum, 2 mm. longum. Colwmna lata, 1 mm. longa ; stelidia
subulata, acuta, brevia. :

Annam. Lang Bian, 1500 m., Micholit:.

Flowered at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, and with
Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., in October, 1910, The lateral sepals

375. Polystachya repens, Rolfe; species distinctissima, minuta, a
speciebus adhuc notis rhizomate repente et caulibus brevissimis
acile distinguenda.

Rhizoma repeus, radices numerosos graciles pubescentes emittens.
Caules brevissimi, circiter 2 cm. longi, vaginis brevissimis obtecti,
apice diphylli. Folia sessilia, suborbiculazia, apice minute emar-
ginata, coriacea, 4—5 mm. longa. Scapi terminales, 4-5 mm. longi,
prope aplcem vaginis latis brevibus obtecti, uniflori. Bracteae late
ellipticae, obtusae, 1-5 mm, longae. Sepalum posticum oblongo-

eare, subacutum, recurvum, circiter 7 mm. longum; sepala
lateralia similia, paullo breviora, basi in mentum breve subsaccatum
extensa. Petala oblongo-linearia, acuta, recurva, 6 mm. longa.
Labellum integrum, ovato-lanceolatum, acutum, recurvum mm.
ongum. Columna brevissima ; pollinia 4, elliptico-cblonga, visco
parco cohaerentia,

133

Trorrcant Arrica. Uganda, Brown.

A minute and very distinct apoties which flowered in the col-
lection of Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking, in
N Drache. 1911. The creeping habit is remarkable, and apparently

arks it as a much reduced member of the group containing P.
stiperpiti Reichb. f. The sepals and se are buff yellow striped
with brown, and the lip deep red-brow

376. Chondrorhyncha Lipscombiae, “Rol olfe; affinis C. albicanti,
Saree sed foliis longioribus, floribus majoribus et labello subtrilobo

i

Herba caespitosa. Folia arcuata vel suberecta, elongato-lanceo-
lata, acuta, basi conduplicata, supra basin articulata, 8-30 cm. longa,
2-2°5 cm, lata. Scapi patentes, graciles, circiter 6—7 cm. longi,
vaginis paucis obtecti. Bracteae oblongae, obtusae, 1 cm. longae,
Sepala subpatentia, oblongo-lanceolata, acuta, subconcava, sepalum
posticum 2 cm. longum, lateralia 2°5 cm . longa. etala oblongo-
lanceolata, acuta, 2 cm. longa. Labellum concavum, fere quadratum,
subtrilobum, 2°3 cm. longum et latum, basi subsaccatum, apice
obcordato-bilobum ; lobi laterales ov ato-rhomboidei, subacuti ; crista
transversa, membranacea, apice 5-7 dentata. Columna late clavata,

PANAMA.
Flowered in the collection of Mrs. Lipscomb, Wilton Grove,
Wimbledon, in December, 1911. It was found by her son, Mr,
Lancelot Lipscomb, when helping to clear some “bush” for
rubber and cocoa planting, and was sent home with a good many
others in 1910. The flowers are white, with some light purple

veins on the lip.

377. Gongora Tracyana, Rolfe; a G. Scaphephoro, Reichb.
Warscew., floribus duplo minoribus et labelli lobis ss cachaaunh
aristatis differt.

Pseudobulbi ovoidei, angulati, 3-5 cm. Songs vaginis ampliatis
ovatis vestiti, apice diphylli. Folia elliptico-lanceolata, subacuta,
trinervia, — lucida, basi attenuata, 20-25 cm. longa,
5-6 em. lata. Seapi penduli, graciles, glabri, 35-45 cm. longi ;
racemi 35 cm. longi, laxi, multiflori. Bracteae oblongo-lanceolatae,
acutae, 8 mm. longae. Pedicelli subgraciles, 2°5-3°5 cm. longi,
horizontales, apice , seen Sepalum posticum lanceolatum, acutum,
concavum, 1°3 cm. longum, marginibus revolutis ; sepala lateralia
reflexa, oblongo-lanceolata, acuta, 1°4 cm. longa, marginibus valde
reflexis. Petala triangulari-oblongi, falcati, acuti, 2 mm. longi.
Labellum incurvum, trilobum, 9 mm. longum, basi valde concavum ;
lobi laterales basi lati, apice falcato-setiferi, setis incurvis 4 mm
longis ; lobus intermedius ovatus, conduplicatus, subobtusus, 4 mm.
longus; callus ee truncatus, compressus, 2 mm. longus.
Columna clavata, 1 cm.

ER romer.

Introduced by Mr. H. A. Tracy, Amyand Park Road, Twicken-
haa and flowered in the collection of Mr. J. 8. Bergheim, tiene
Park, .W., in March, 1911, and_ shortly afterwards wit
importer. ‘The sepals and petals are greenish-yellow eit and
blotched with brown, and the lip eased white, with a few brown
lines on the basal half.

~

134

378. Angraecum Andersonii, Rolfe; ab A. caespitoso, Rolfe ; radi-
cibus crassioribus, labelli limbo late elliptico et obtuso, et calcare
supra medium crassiusculo differt.

Caulis brevis, aphyllus, radicibus numerosis flexuosis crassius-
culis ad 60 cm. longis interdum ramosis instructus. Scapi valde
numerosi, erecti, graciles, 3-4 cm. longi, basi vaginis brevissimis
instructi, 6—10-flori. Bracteae brevissimae, obtusae vel minute
apiculatae. Pedicelli graciles, 1-1°5 cm. longi. Flores breves
subglobosi. Sepalum posticum late elliptico-oblongum, obtusum,
concavum, 3°5 mm. longum ; sepala lateralia oblique ovata, obtusa,
concava, 4 cm. longa. Petala late elliptico-oblonga, obtusa, sub-
concava, 3°5 cm. longa. Ladellum integrum, late ellipticum,
obtusum, concavum, 2°5 cm. longum. Calcar 1 cm. longum, anguste
fusiformi-oblongum, obtusum, prope apicem subconstrictum, 1 cm.
longum. Columna oblonga, 1°5 em. longa; anthera obcordata,
rostrata, rostro ascendente; pollinia subglobosa; stipes linearis ;
glandula lineari-oblonga, stipite sublongior.

TropicaL Arrica. Gold Coast, Anderson.

A curious leafless species which flowered at the Royal Botanic
Garden, Glasnevin, in December, 1911, whence it was sent for deter-
mination by Sir F.W. Moore. The flowers are semi-pellucid white,
with a broad emerald-green line on the sepals, a green centre to the
lip, and a green column,

379. Physurus validus, Rolfe; P. roseo, Lindl., omnino aftinis, sed
scapo et inflorescentia parce pilosis, bracteis et floribus non roseis
differt.

_ Folia elliptico-lanceolata, acuta, submembranacea, basi attenuata,
circiter 13 cm, longa, 3-5 em. lata. Scapus validus ; spica elongata,
densa, multiflora, circiter 15 cm. longa; rachis parce pilosa.

he differently coloured bracts
and flowers and the different habitat is probably distinct. There is
in i speci

380. Habenaria (Ceratopetala) Dawei, Rol/e; species insignis, a
: A. cirrhata, Lindl, foliis clacrm arte dissents ie opal saul
latioribus distincta,

Folia radicalia, elliptico-oblonga, subobtusa, membranacea, 15-20
em. longa, 6-8 cm. lata. Scapus validus ; racemus circiter 25 em.
ongus, circiter 10-florus. Bracteae sessiles, lanceolatae, acutae,
vel acuminatae, 4—6 cm. longae. Pedicelli 7-8 em. longi. Sepalum

135

posticum ovato-oblongum, subobtusum vel sncslsia 2 cm.
longum, sepala lateralia patentia, obliqua, semiovata, subobtusa vel
apiculata, 2 cm. longa. Petala profunde bipartita ; lobus posticus
linearis, faleatus, 2 cm. longus ; lobus anticus linearis, arcuatus vel
incurvus, circiter 6 cm. ongus, crassiusculus. abellum profunde
tripartitum ; lobi filiformes, apice incurvi; lobi laterales 2°5 cm.
longi ; lobus intermedius 3 cm. longus ; calear 12-14 cm. longum,
basi filiforme, apice crassiusculum. Anthera oblonga, 8 mm. longa.
Stigmata 2 cm, longa, apice subito dilatata et subcompressa ; rostelli
lobi ‘shah lineares, 2 cm. longi

RopicaL Arrica. Uganda: Budongo Forest; in open grass
land, Dawe, 1026.

A fine species, of which the radical leaves and the upper part of
ze scape only were sent.

XIII—THE ARUNDINARIAS OF THE HILLS OF SIKKIM.
J. S. GAMBLE. 7

In the ‘ Flora of British India,’ vol. vii, the following species of
the genus Arundinaria are mentioned as being found in the hills of
Sikkim and British Bhutan, included politically in the British
District of Darjeeling and the native State of Sikkim.

No. 5. A. polystachya, Kurz, a soft-stemmed rather large-leaved
species, collected by Kurz nant IT’. Anderson and apparently scarce.

No. 8. A. racemosa, Munro, the most common species, rarely
found in flower, except at bight elevations and then more or less
stunte

No. 9. A. Griffithiana, Munro, a species with thoy nodes, which
has apparently only once been collected, viz.: by R. Pantling at
anaes 10,000 ft. (1895) on the Bhuta

No. A. Pantlingi, Gamble, a eae species which ma
i we ie be thorny at the nodes, st collected by R. Pantling
at Rechi La, 11,000 ft. on the Bhutan border, and by Mr. G. i
oe s collector near J ongti in Sikkim

. 14. A. intermedia, Munro, a sm mall species with long-ciliate
leaf shenth and no cross-bars to the leaves, found at comparatively
low levels in the outer hills.

No. 15. A. Hookeriana, Munro, a handsome rather large species
with glaucous green or bluis culms also found in the outer hills at
comparatively low levels.

o. 17. A. aristata, Gamble, a pretty species of the section

Ra

the sate around Senchul and in various parts of Si above
7000 ft. It is sane by the absence of ase i eebanatio
veinlets to the leaves sand by the sheathing bracts of the inflorescence.

No. 26. A. suberecta, Munro, a species which has not yet been
fou ad in flower. It has very narrow leaves and was only once
collected in Sikkim, viz., by W. A. Kennedy in 1891,

130

Among these nine species there is one about which there has been
a considerable amount of doubt. It is that described by General
Munro as A. racemosa; and it undoubtedly consists, as first suggested
in the “ Bambuseae of British India ” and afterwards emphasised by
Sir D. Brandis in his ‘ Indian Trees,’ of two forms, a high-level
one 2 to 4 ft. in height and a low-level one reaching 12 to 15 ft. and -
even 30ft. This low-level form is the plant so common in the
woods around the hill station of Darjeeling, used for mat-making,
roofing material, fencing and fodder, and known to the Nepalese
collectors of fodder for horses as ‘ Maling.’ Naturally, in such
places, it is so much cut for fodder that it remains small, but at a
little distance away, as on the slopes of Mounts Tongloand Sandukpho
or the Nepal frontier, it grows in dense thickets gregariously and is
often found with oaks and rhododendrons, and in places with large
yew-trees and trees of Tsuga Brunoniana. During a residence, off
and on, of about 10 years, as a Forest Officer in Darjeeling, I
searched for the flowers constantly and never found them, and others
have done the same, as, for instance, Mr. G. A. Gammie who, in a
letter quoted at p. 10 of the “ Bambuseae of British India,” wrote
‘a plant which, although so abundant round Darjeeling as to be
almost exclusively used as fodder for ponies, has never been known
to flower there.” On the other hand, in a note by Mr. G. H. Cave
communicated to me by Mr. W. W. Smith, late Curator of the
Herbarium of the Calcutta Botanic Gardens, he says, “my own
opinion is that individual specimens of the small bamboo, A. racemosa,
common from 6000 to 10,000 ft. and not found below 5500 ft., flower
at least every third year (possibly it could be found every year), and
that the flowering plant though crippled does not necessarily die.
~The Lepcha collectors and the ‘ grass cutters’ ers confirm
this, although most of them say that the flowering plant dies.” It
seems strange that, if it is the case that it is so often in flower,
specimens of the flowers are not to found in the Herbarium at
ew, nor, I think, in that at Calcutta. The first flowering specimens
that I have seen are those which were collected in May, 1904, b
Mr. B. B. Osmaston, then Deputy Conservator of the Darjeeling
Forests, on the slopes of Mount Tonglo at 9000ft. He calls it
‘sporadic-flowering,’ and his specimens are very good and are
accompanied by leaves and leaf-sheaths which clearly are those of
the low-level form. These collections are probably ‘those referred
to by Brandis as mentioned in a Bengal Forest Report. Press of
other work agetsy my examining these specimens carefully till
quite tecently, but I have now done so and find that the flowers

that collected at Mainom by Sir J. D. Hooker (collection Hook. f. &
Th.) at 8000 ft. on Dec. 27, 1848, Vern. * Pummoon, and is in leaf

spathacea’ and ‘ A. spathiflora’ ; the culms are said to have been
12 ft. high. They have scabrous internodes, glabrous leaves with
4-5 pair of main nerves and are 12-14 em. long and 1-5 em. broad ;
the leaf sheaths with few ciliae at the mouth. Mainom is a conical

137

peak near the Teesta river, conspicuously visible from Darjeeling.
On the label it is called ‘Mainamuho,’ but Munro evidently ha

European spelling of the mountain’s name. ‘The plant is quite
distinct from A. spathiflora, Trin., of the North-western Himalaya.

The high-level form is represented in the Kew Herbarium by
some of the other specimens which Gen. Munro has quoted. They

are :

(1) that collected by T. Thomson in woods above the Islumbo
Pass in Sikkim on Oct. 13, 1857. Munro gives the altitude of the
locality as 11,000 ft. It was from stunted plants little more

(3) that collected by Sir J. D. Hooker at Yalloong, 10,000 ft. in
Kastern Nepal, Vern. ‘ Pat-hioo. It bears no flower and has
slender geniculate branchlets, pubescent leaves up to 10 cm. long
and scarcely 1 cm. broad.

These are the chief specimens quoted by Munro, and it seems
quite evident that Thomson’s Islumbo Pass flowering specimen is
the real type of Arundinaria racemosa, while at the same time’ the

has been collected several times by Mr. G. A. Gammie and
collectors deputed by the staff of the Calcutta Botanic Garden
between 1887 and 1897, on the Singalila Range (the Nepal-Sikkim
frontier range) above 10,000 ft., and in various places in Sikkim.
When Mr. G. A. Gammie first sent me foliage specimens of this
small species, I took it to be something new and gave it a manuscript
name, A. Gammieana which was the name under which I proposed
to describe it in the ‘ Bambuseae.’ I then found I was wrong in
supposing it to be distinct and that the specimens really belonged
to what Munro had described as A. racemosa. is high-level
plant has culms 60-120 em. high and scarcely 1 cm, in diameter at
base and smooth, not scabrous as in the low-level form. Both the

gregariously over considerable areas. In this manner of Fresh
i amble

of the Western Himalaya, A. Rolloana, Gamble of the ieee Hills
itford,

which is cultivated in Europe, but of the exact country of whose

138

origin, though believed to be of the Kumaon Himalaya, nothing is
nown.

A. racemosa, Munro (which form is not stated), was reported by
Mr. W. J. Bean inthe Kew Bulletin for 1907, p. 230, to have flowered
in the Temperate House at Kew in 1899, but specimens are
apparently not in the Herbarium.

I have come to the conclusion that the suspicion which I held
when writing the ‘Bambuseae, and the ‘Manual of Indian
Timbers’ and which Brandis so strongly confirmed, is well founded,
and that the two forms of A. ra
different species. he high-level form is clearly the one whose

called by Hooker A. spathacea and A. spathiflora. But it is not
A, spathiflora, Trin. ‘That is a well-known and distinct species of
the WW cola Himalaya, so that a new name has to be found, and so
I propose to call it A. Malng. The descriptions of the two
species will now have to be revised, and I have consequently drawn
up the following : |

Arundinaria racemosa, Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi. (1868) 17.

Species nana, e rhizomate subterraneo viz 5 mm. crasso culmos
graciles per intervalla proferens ; ramulis foliiferis et floriferis ad
nodos fasciculatis. Culmi erecti, 6-12 dm. longi, radicibus ad
basim supra rhizoma muniti et vix 1 cm. diametro, internodiis flavis

laminis anguste subulatis 0°5-1°5 cm. longis scabris ; ramuli teretes,
glabri, rufescentes, saepe geniculati. Folia tenuia, lineari-lanceolata,
mm ramulis gracilibus ad 30 cm. longis, apice setaceo-acuminata, basi
obtusa vel in petiolum brevem latum attenuata; 3-10 cm. longa,
5-10 mm. lata; nervi utrinque 3, minoribus circa 5-7 (5-6 per mm.)
interpositis et venulis transversis conspicuis circa 5-6 per mm. ;
juniora subtus pilis longis hirsuta, demum glabra; uno margine
laevia, altero scabra ; vaginae striatae, primum pubescentes demum
glabrae, membrana brevi terminatae, ore cornutae et ciliis paucis
longis fimbriatae ; ligula brevis, puberula. Panicula simplex,
racemosa ; ad basim et aliquando fere ad spiculas bracteis vagin-
antibus longis striatis suffulta ; rhachis glabra ; spiculae 3-6, 3-5 cm.
longae, pedicellis angulatis filiformibus 1-3 em. longis; flores in
un 4-6, distichi, alterni, addito interdum ultimo vacuo ;
rhachillae clavatae, pubescentes, 5-§ mm. longae. Glumae I. et II.
(vacuae) valde variabiles, minimae, acuminatae, 2-3°5 mm. longae,
infra florem primum saepissime 3-4 mm. distantes; gluma ILI.
(florens) ovato-acuminata, pubescens, scabride-aristata, nervis 7-9
conspicuis, 9-10 mm. longa; IV. (palea) florenti aequalis vel
brevior, apice 2-mucronata, carinis apices versus extus ciliatis,
nervis obscuris. Lodiculae 3, ovato-lanceolatae, ciliatae, basi.
nervosae, 1*5-2 mm. longae. Antherae purpureae, 5 mm. longae,
apice bifidae. Ovarium ovoideum ; stylo brevi ; stigmatibus 3
brevibus papillosis. Caryopsis oblongus, apice attenuatus, sulco
longitudinali notatus. Gamble in Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Cale. vii.

379 (in part); Brandis Ind. Trees 664 (high-level form).
Arundinaria Gammieana, Gamble MS.

139

Eastern Nepav: at Yalloong, 10,000 ft., Vern. * Pat-hioo,’
J. D. Hooker (leaves only), SIKKIM : woods above Islumbo Se
TL. Thomson, Oct. 13, 1857 (Griffith K.D. 6738, flowers) ;
Singalilah 10,000 ft., June 1887 Dr. King’s Collector eke ; a
Saburkum 10, 000 ft., March 1889, Vern. ‘Miknu’ Lepcha,
‘Mheem’? Bhutia a, G. A. Gammie’s Collector (culms and leaves) ; at
Phalut, 10,000 ft., May 1890, ~ eget Collector conor leaves and
flowers ) 3 ab Phalut 11,500 ft., May 1892, Vern. ‘ Miknu’ Lepcha,

Gammic (culms, leaves and flower s); at J “pany 12,000 ft.,
July 1897, Phul Sing for G. A. Gammie 10,344 (leaves) ; at Phalut
12,000 ft. do. do. 10,348 (flowers and leav es).

Some of the specimens above quoted are in the Herbarium at

ew, the rest of them, communicated by the Calcutta Botanic
Garden or by Mr. Gammie, in my own.

Arundinaria Maling, Gamble sp. nov.

Frutez erectus, 3-9 m. altus, e rhizomate crasso subterraneo
culmos singulos per intervalla proferens. Culmi graciles, erecti,

chartaceo-coriacea, eximie striata, extus sparsim fulvo-hispida,
marginibus ciliatis, ad 30 cm. longa et 10 cm. lata, supra attenuata,
ore 1-2 cm. lato auriculata, et ciliis longis pe patentibus
munita ; lamina subulata, 6-7 cm. longa, erecta reflexa, intus
stabee © ligula 1 em, longa, eximie fimbriata. ‘Folia chartacea,
lineari-lanceolata, apice setaceo-acuminata, basi in petiolum brevem
attenuata, utroque latere mie subtus glaucescentia ; marginibus
minutissime scabra ; 5-18 cm. longa, 0°8-2 cm, lata ; nervi utrinque
3, minoribus circa ge 9 5-6 | er mm.) Hveeaes et venulis trans-
versis conspicuis, tessellatin circa 3-4 per mm. ; vaginae hrite

cm. ee ad basim bracteis fe ag superne foliaceis
vaginantibus suffulta ; ; rhachis glabra, angulata; rami et pedivelit
filiformes, sinuati, 1-2 em. longi ; spiculae 10-20, 3°5 cm. longae ;
flores in spiculis 7-9, distichi, alterni, ultimo vacuo ; rhachillae
clavatae, curvatae, intus complanatae, pubescentes et ciliatae, 5-6
mm, longae. Glumae I. et II. (vacuae) florem inferum amplec-
tentes, ovatae, scabride setaceo-acuminatae, I. enervis 2-4 mm,
longa, II. 5-nervis 7-9 mm. longa; gluma III. (florens) etiam
ovata, et scabride setaceo-acuminata, 7-9-nervis et nervulis trans-
versalibus, 1-1'2 cm. longa; IV. (palea) apice bifida, ad carinas
ciliata, intra carinas 2—3-nervis et ner vulis paucis transversalibus, a
latera 1—2-nervis, 7-8 mm. longa. Jodiculae 3 ovatae, obtuse
acutae, ciliatae, basi nervosae, 2~2°5 mm. longae. _Antherae luteae,
5-6 mm. longae, apice bifidae. Ovarium ovoideum, stylo brevi

only) ; Lorain in Ann. R. Bot. as Cal. vii 9 re part), t. 8
figs. 1, 4, and in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vii. 379 (in part) ;
Seendis tad. om 664 (low-level form).

Sixxim: Mount Tonglo, 9000 ft, May 23 Vern.
‘Maling’ Nep., B. B. Osmaston (flowers and vay: - grat inom,

140

8000 ft., Dec. 27, 1848, Vern. ‘ Pummoon’ Lepcha, Hook. Le & EE
(leaves) ; Vern. ‘ Phyong’ Bhutia, Oct. 5 1868, Kurz ee
also at various other places in Scie sh Sikkim, G. A. Gammie,
J. 8. Gamble and others, in leaf only.

Thus, it will be seen that the se be of Sikkim species of the

comes very near to A. Pantlingi, and at one time I thought they
might be identical, but the latter species has long loose much branched
panicles, longer and narrower spikelets, glumes with more con-
spicuous awns and strongly ciliate leaf sheaths, while in A. Maling
the panicles are quite short and compact, the spikelets broad, the
glumes less awned and the leaf sheaths glabrous at the margins. I
have made an attempt to give in an analytical key a guide to ‘the
ten Sikkim species, which may perhaps be of use to botanists in
the Eastern Himalaya. I would have liked to base the key chiefly
or even wholly upon the leaves, but the difficulty is that the leaves
are so variable according to whether they are taken from upper
branches or from new shoots and so on , that mere size goes for
very little. In some species the culm sheaths afford excellent
characters, but they are not always available.
_ Leaves with conspicuous transverse veinlets.

renee branches without conspicuous broad sheathing

Dwart ‘tanta reaching scarcely 4 ft. in height ; spikelets

co asec g. 6, in a short raceme with narrow sheaths

A, racemosa,

Culms tall, reaching 12 or even | sometimes 30 ft.in height ;
spikelets many, more or less paniculat

Panicles compact, terminal, ioe: ni a6 long with

10-20 spikelets . A. Maling.

Panicles loose, terminal and “deal with many
spikelets—

Culm-nodes without spines ... gle A, Pantling?.

Culm-nodes spinous A. Griffithiana.
Inflorescence branches with conspicuous broad sheathing
bracts, each ae 3-5 spikelets with conspicuously
aristate glume 5, A. aristata.
Leaves with no or Wily “few transverse v einlets —
Inflorescence branches without sheathing bracts—
Culms tall, aa leaves rather oy ; spikelets of
only 1 flower... Ne . A. Hookeriana.
© lilnis rather small —
Leaves soft, rather large ; spikelets 4- to 6-flowered
in a tall close panicle ; leaf sheaths not ciliate
iz olystachya.
Leaves stiff, moderately large ; spikelets 3-5-flowered
in slender panicles ; leaf sheaths sary)

A. intermedia.
peer ae branches with pps Oe: ; ' spikelets 2-4-
ered ; leaves soft 9. A. Falconeri.

ssGeneeeey not hewn: leaves very narrow, linear
. A, suberecta.

‘141

XIV.—NIGERIAN FUNGI.
KE. M. WAKEFIELD.

In the following list particulars are given of an_ interesting
collection of fungi made in Northern Ni patel by Dr. J. W. Scott
Macfie, and forwarded to Kew for identification by Mr. Carleton
Rea, Hon. Sec. of the British Mycological Society. One new
species, Metraria brevipes, is described, and a very rare and beautiful

ngus, Hexagonia niam-niamensis, was also represented in the
collection.

The numbers in brackets are the field numbers given by
Dr. Macfie.

AGARICACEAE,

a reflexa, Bres. in Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. Vol. vi (1890),
pi <x

A ‘ingle specimen, having the pileus remarkably lobed at the
margin, but otherwise agreeing exactly with the type description
an ure. \

On the ground, Baro, Sept. 11,1910. (5E.)

Lentinus Zeyheri, Berk., in Hook. Lond. Journ. of Bot., vol. ii,
1843, p. 514.

L.. capronatus, Berk. lc. p. 513.

Doka to Katai, Dec. 11, 1910.

Lentinus flavidus, Mass., in Kew Bull. eee p- 163.

Possibly the same as L. Tuber-regium,

On sandy ground, Baro, Sept. 12, re 6A.)

Lenzites applanata, ai , Eipicr, p. 4

Syst. Myce. i, p. 335, L. Palisoti, Pr " Daedalea amanitoides, Pal.,
Fl. Ow. t. 25.

Ayangba, J ao 11,1911; ane nay to Kwakow, Dec.5,1910; |
Dekina, Jan. 1 , 1911; Zungeru 2,.1

ieidaialegttdie commune, /’., Sys Ss i

On logs; Wooding station, 30 miles tuoas: oe on the Baro-
Minna line, Sept. 3, 1910. (4E in part); Baro, Sept. 11, 1910.
(5F); Kogin Seratin Pawa, Dee. 8, ait Zungeru, Feb. 20, 1911.

Metraria brevipes, Wakefield, sp

Pileus e globoso expansus, fere Mike: pallide umbrinus, squamis
crassis obscurioribus ornatus, 5 cm. latus, margine radiato-striatus ;
stipes concolor, basi incrassatus, 5 cm. longus, usque ad 2 cm,
crassus, glaber, primo farctus dein fistulosus; annulus crassus, |
pendens ; ” lamellae confertae, postice angustiores, e roseo fulves-
centes, liberae vel leviter adnexae ; sporae roseae, ellipsoideae,
lateraliter apiculatae, 9-10 x 7-7°5

No volva is present on the specimens forwarded, but its existence
is inferred from the smooth, blunt base of the stem, and the appear-
ance of the scales on the pileus.

On the ground, Baro, Sept. 13, 1910. (6B.)

Panaeolus fimicola, F’r., Syst. Myc. i, p. 301.

On horse-dung, Minna, Aug. 22, 1910.

ae disseminata, Pers., Syn. p- 403. Fr. Syst. Myc. i,

Foe wood ; Minna, Sept. 23,1910. (7A); Wooding station, 22
miles from Baro, on the Baro-Minna line, Sept. 3, 1910. (4E in
part.)

5

142

POLY PORACEAE.

Polyporus Tricholoma, Mont., in Ann. sc. nat., ‘ sér., villi, 1837,
p- 365, and in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Cite, p. 411, oe a
Known from Cuba, Central and S. America, Lat Australia, but
not previously from Africa. The African specimens have the stem
ey thickened at the base, but do not appear to be specifically
distin
Bas, Sept. 24,1910. (6E.)
Polyporus Hollandii, Mass. in Kew Bull. 1901, p. 163.
Mei iene described from a single specimen sent to Kew from
ld Calabar. The specimen of which Dr. Macfie forwarded a
portion was evidently much larger, the giegerens Sarah being :—
length, 114 in., breadth, 9 in., maximum thicknes
On a stump, Zungeru, April 10, ae)
Fomes lucidus, Fr., Nov. Symb. p. 6 Syst. Myc. i, p. 353.
Both the typical form and the Boiscy Sad Sattoas which
appears to be common in Africa were received. The latter has
been sometimes referred to the American species, F. Curtisii, Berk.,
but it differs from this in having dark brown, not pale flesh.
Up stumps; Katonkarifi, Dec. 26, 1910; Zungeru, Mar. 2,
1911, &e.
Haye ligneus, Che. in Grev. vol. iis P. 119, 1884,
Ankpa to Lafia (Bassa), Jan. 8, 1910
Fomes australis, /’r., El, p. 108,
i. No locality given ; ii. ‘Ankpa, Jan. 191 |
Polystictus xanthopus, Fr., Obs. 2, p. 255.
On trees, between Evoa and Deni, Dee. 24, 1910; Lafia to

_ Ogumi (Bassa), Jan, 10, 1911.

Polystictus ee P. Henn., Pilz. Ostafr., p. 57, in Engler, Die
Pflanzenwelt Ostafr.

n trees ; Zungers, Feb. 20, 1911; Kurumculya to Kwakow,
Polystictus albo-cervinus, Berk, in Hook. Journ. 1856, p. 234,
ec. n. 5

Originally described from Brazil, but appears to be fairly common
in Africa

Ona tree, Agwacha to Oda (Bassa), Jan. 5, 1911.
ie roy eons oneeiaens, Mey., Esseq. p. 304. Boletus sanguinens,
P;
On trees, Ogus SR Dec. 30, 1910; Ankpa to Lafia
essrer Jan. 8, 1910; 20 miles from Baro, on the B.K.R. line,
Sept. 3 + IMO; aco, Sept. il, aO10, La)

Polystictus Selon Fr. in Cooke, Praec. n. 850, in Grev.
vol. xiv, p. 85.

Kogin Denatii vee Dee, 8, 1910.

143

Polystictus lanatus, F’r., Epicr. p. 490
On trees; between Doge mf ‘Wopa, Gurara river, Dec. 20,
1910.
Polystictus occidentalis, A/. in Linnaea viii, p. 4
22 miles from Baro, on the Baro-Minna ‘or oe 1910;
es in part) ; Aiya gwa or Aiyamba, Jan. 11, 1911; Piania
o Kwakow, Dec. 5, 1910
Polystictus membranous, Berk., Fung. Brit. Mus. p, 378, tab. X,
ods
Between Mama and Evua by Gurara river, Dec. 23, 1910.
Trametes Hystrix, Che. in Grevillea ix, p. 98.
Aungeru, April, 1911
Trametes cingulatus, Birk Dee
n and variable plant i in otal Australia and the East
According to Mr. C. G. Lloyd, Trametes prcta, Berk, , Polystictus
si oe seer and Polyporus Hotes Cke, are synonym
es by the wayside, Ankpa to Lafia (Bassa), Jan. 8, 1910;
se nes Bien Seratin Pawa and Doka, Nov. 30, 1910; Doka to
Katai, Dec. 1, 1910,
Trametes ochroleuca, L¢v., in Ann. sc. nat., 3 sér. v, 1846, p. 145.
The Trametes form of ig polymorphic ’Sistotrema ochroleucum,
Lév. (Lloyd, Syn. Hex., p. 31.)
Abaji Kolo (Bassa), sie 3, 1910; Ankpa to Lafia (Bassa),
Jan. 8, 1910,
Hexagonia Klotaschii, Berk., Exot. Fungi p. 383, n. 2.
Apparently a common plant in Africa, but confined to that con-
tinent. According to Lloyd (Syn. Hex. p, 7), H. Klotzschii is a
synonym of H. hirta, Pal., H. erinigera, Fr., and Trametes crassa,
Lév

On trees, Cen Dogu and Wopa (Gurara river), Dec. 20,
10

Hexagonia discopoda, Pat. et Har. in Bull. Soc. Myce. Fr. Vol. ix,
1893, p. 209. Probably the same as H. tricolor, Fr., of which no
specimen is known (Lloyd, Syn. Hex. p. 26).

Between Evua and Deni (Gurara river), Dec. 24, 1910 :
Kurumculya to Kwakow, Dec. 5, 1910.

Hexagonia niam-niamensis, P. Henn. in Engl. Jahrb, xiv, p. 348. |

This is the most interesting plant of the whole collection, It is
a beautiful Hezxayonia with large pores, quite distinct from any
other known species, and has previously been known only from a
single specimen, which is at Berlin. Dr. Macfie found two good
specimens, growing on bamboo,

Kurumculya to Kwakow, Dec. 5, 1910.

THELEPHORACEAE.
Stereum elegans, “spi f . Esseq. p. 305, Fr. Epier. p. 545.
Minna, Oct. 5, 1910. (7B.)
CLAV serene

Pterula eapillaris, Lév, in Ann. § , 3 sér., li, 1844, p. 208.

Baro, Sept. 24,1910. On grass tts an eee roll used by ‘the natives
for’ placing ander a load on the head.

Spores 11-12 x 6-7, most 12 x 7, ellipsoid, apiculate at base,

144

TREMELLACEAE.
Guepinia spathularia, /’7., Elench. ii, p. 32.
On a stump, Baro, Sept. 24, 1910. (6D.)

) SPHAERIACEAE.
Xylaria polymorpha, Grev., Flor. Edin. p. 35.

Zungeru, Mar. 2, 1911. .

Xylaria grammica, Moni. in Ann. sc. nat., 2 sér., xii, 1840,
p. 341. t.9, f. 1. oe

Aiya gwa or Aiyamba, Jan. 11, 1911.

Poronia ustorum, Pat. in Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. iii, p. 175.
_ The Nigerian specimens have spores 10-12 x 5—6p, (most 11 x 6y),
instead of 8-10x4-5n, the measurements given by Patouillard.
In all other respects, however, they agree with the description of
P, ustorum.
On grass stubble, Baro, Sept. 10, 1910.
Daldinia concentrica, Ces. et De Not., Schema Sf. it. in Comm.
Soc. Critt. It., i, p. 198.

On stumps ; Minna, Aug. 18, 1910. (3C); Wooding station, 22
miles from Baro, on the Baro-Minna line, Sept. 3, 1910. (4E in
part.) '

MyYXOMYCETES.
Stemonitis splendens, Rost., Mon. p. 195.
n wood ; 22 miles from Baro, on the Baro-Minna line, Sept. 3,

i910. (4B in part.)

XV.—CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE FLORA OF SIAM.
ADDITAMENTA.
yv's' Dasymaschalon sootepense, Craih [Anonaceae-Unoneae] ;

t Pos
Blumei, Finet et Gagnep., foliis tenuioribus longius atte
_fructuum articulis multo longioribus recedit.

Arbuscula ad 7°5 m., alta (ex Kerr); ramuli primo pilosuli, mox
glabri vel subglabri, cortice brunneo vel fusco-brunneo irregulariter
striato obtecti. olia oblanceolato-oblonga vel oblonga, apice
breviter acuminata, acuta, basi late cuneata vel subrotundata,
9-19°8 cm. longa, 2°5-6 em. lata, tenuiter chartacea, supra matura
glabra, subtus parcissime appresse setulosa, glauca, nervis lateralibus
utrinque 9-10 intra marginem arcuatis cum costa supra leviter
Impressis subtus prominentibus; petioli 1 cm. longitudinis vix
attmgentes, supra sulcati, indumento ramulorum. Flores pleramque
axillares, solitarii, pedicellis apicem versus leviter incrassatis ad
1'5 em. longis basi breviter bracteatis et paullo supra basin minute
bracteolatis suffulti, — Sepala 3, deltoidea, acuta, 3 mm. longa,

‘5 mm. lata, extra appresse ferrugineo-pubescentia. Petala ad
4 cm. longa et 1°5 cm. lata, utrinque sed intra parcius appresse
pilosula. Fructus lomentaceus, ad 6 em. longus, pedicello circiter
1 cm. longo suffultus, rugulosus, parce appresse pilosulus ; semina
sighs ae 18 cm. longa, vix 5 mm. diametro, hilo inferiore. —.

lengmal, In evergreen jungl i 50-1260 m.
Kerr: eee err TT: "er Jungle on Doi Sootep, 1050-126 ;

145

Platymitra siamensis, Craih [Anonaceae- Mitrephoreae] ; P
macrocarpa, Boerl., foliis longioribus angustioribus basi danlatis
vel subobtusis, pedicellis eee aad antheris filamentis longioribus,
bacca ovoidea, seminibus vix 2 cm. longis 1 em. crassis differt.

Arbor alta (ex Kerr), inflorescentia excepta glabra; ramuli
cortice brunneo vel fusco-brunneo lenticellato irregulariter striato
obtecti. Folia lanceolata, apice acuminata, obtusiuscula, basi
cuneata, subobtusa, 5-13 cm. longa, 1°5-2°5 em. lata, rigide
chartacea, supra nitida, subtus subnitida, nervis lateralibus utrinque
circiter 12 intra marginem arcuatis ‘supra conspicuis subtus pro-

minulis ; prt tioli Rc ahdba 5 mm. longi, supra canaliculati. Flores

crassa, circiter 3 mm. longa, 3 mm, lata, extra appresse breviter
ferrugineo-pubescentia, intra glabra, 3 interink apice valvata, basi
aperta extra breviter appresse Lad nagioct Stamina circiter 20.

diametro ; semina 8, 1°8 em. Weitiva:
Sriracha, Nawng Kai Ploi, in evergreen jungle, 90 m., Kerr, 2125.
Corti name, Hum Chang (ex Kerr).
are no open flowers in the sg een received and the
above Cane pilot of the flowers is taken from

Miliusa cuneata, Crath rdcronubehehlilldgtae|s a M. sinenst,
ee et Gagnep., foliis longioribus basi cuneatis, ovulis solitariis
recedit.

Suffruter ad 4:5 cm, altus (ex Kerr); ramuli primo fulvo-
tomentelli, mox puberuli, ad 4 mm. diametro, cortice brunneo
lenticellato. Folia oblanceolata vel late oblanceolata, apice acu-
minata, acuta vel obtusa, basi cuneata, 4-14 cm. longa, 1°5-4°4 cm.

uperrime cg ae Petala exteriora sepalis conformia, circiter
3°5 mm. longa, 0°75 mm. lata, aroma ut sepalis, interiora viridia
(ex Kerr), 1°2 em. longa, 6 lata, concava, basi parum
sacciformia, intra puberula. Stenidaa circiter 6-seriata, filamentis
brevibus. Ovaria parce pubescentia, 1°25 mm. alta, stylo 0°75 mm,
longo ; ovula solitaria, basila

Chiengma, in evergreen jangle on Doi Sootep, 900 m,, Kerr,

Syivneh prachystachys, Craib [Bixaceae-Flacourtieae] ;
sch: hg Clos, foliorum nervis paucioribus, inflorescentia reihibta
rece

23204 c

146

ovario subaequialtus.

iengmai, in evergreen jungle on Doi Sootep, 660 m., Kerr,
21.

Decaschistia siamensis, Craz) [Malvaceae-Hibisceae]; a D. croto-
nifolia, Wight et Arn., foliis tenuioribus supra scaberulis, floribus
fructibus seminibusque minoribus recedit. :

Fruticulus ad 1:2 m. altus (ex Kerr); ramuli primo densius
tomentoso-pubescentes praetereaque pilis stellatis rigidioribus longi-
oribus passim instructi. Folia late ovata, ovata vel ovato-lanceolata,
apice acuta, basi rotundata vel obtusa, interdum subcordata, 6-14 cm.
longa, 1-6°5 cm. lata, tenuiter chartacea, supra breviter, tenuiter-
stellato-pubescentia praetereaque ob pilos paucos stellatos longiores
et multo rigidiores scaberula, subtus densius, molliter tomentosi,
margine distanter, irregulariter serrata nisi parte basali integra, e
basi trinervata, nervis secondariis (e costa ortis) utrinque 4-6 supra
conspicuis subtus prominentibus nervis transversis subtus prominulis
costa subtus basin versus glandula ad 4 mm. longa instructa;
petioli 1-3 em, longi, dense tomentosi ;. stipulae e segmentis tribus
subaequilongis ad 1:2 cm. longis constituae, caducae. Flores
axillares, solitarii vel gemini, pedicellis usque ad 7 mm, longis
uffulti, Bracteolae 10, aequales, lineares, acutae, ad 8 mm. longae
et 175 mm. latae, extra tomentosae, intra subsericeae. Calyx
sub anthesin circiter 1 cm. longus, fere ad medium lobatus, lobis
late deltoideis acuminatis acutis 5 mm, latis extra hirsutis intra
superne appresse pilosulis distincte nervatis ; calyx infructescens
parum major. Corolla 4 cm. longa, sulphurea nisi basi atro-
purpurea (ex Kerr). Stamina gynoeciumque generis. Capsula

ix aequans, dense hirsuta. Semina 3°5 mm. longa,
glabra.

Sriracha, in scrub jungle near the sea, Kerr, 2105.

Helicteres Gagnepainiana, Craib [Sterculiaceae-Helictereae]; ab
H. Geofrayi, Gagnep., ramulis foliisque haud glabris, inflorescentiae
rhachi glanduloso facile distinguenda rt
_ Suffrutex sarmentosus, circiter 1 m. altus (ex Kerr); ramuli
cinereo-albidi, pilis minutis stellatis confertis din persistentibus

*

147

obtecti. Folia lanceolata, apice indistincte acuminata, mucronata,
ser — vel late cuneata, obtusiuscula, 4°5-11° 5 om. longa,

13-3 cm. lata, chartacea vel tenuiter chartacea, integra, supra
fusca, nisi costa pilis minutis stellatis tecta glabra, subtus pallida,
indumento ut ramulis, e basi trinervata, nervis secondariis (e
costa ortis) utrinque 6-7 supra subconspicuis subtus prominentibus
nervis transyersis subtus prominulis; petioli graciles, a mm.
longi, indumento ut ramulis ; stipulae 5 mm. longae, 0°75 mm, latae,
acutae. Inflorescentia brevis, axillaris, rhachi glandulis nigris
sessilibus instructo ; pedicelli 2:5 mm, lon gi; bracteae ad 4 mm.
longae. Calyx extra minute stellato-pubescens ; tubus 4 mm. longus;
lobi lanceolati, acuti, 2 mm. longi, 1 mm. lati, intra minute stellato-
pubescentes. ’Petala purpurea (ex Kerr), 8 mm. longi, 1°5 mm, lati.
Androphorium glabrum, circiter 5 mm. longum.

es Nawng Kaw, — side of a track, 30 m., yak,

Be amed in compliment to Monsieur in, to whom I am deeply
indebted for comparing this a nt a several others of Dr, Kerr's
collection with the species described by him in the Flore Generale
de I’ Indo-Chine.

Pterospermum littorale, Crab [Sterenlinene-Helicterene] a P.
grewiaefolio, Pierre, floribus majoribus distinguen .

Arbor parva (ex Kerr); ramuli primo afte vel pallide rufo-
stellato-tomentelli, mox glabri, cortice fusco reticulato-striato
obtecti. Folia ambitu leet oblonga, apice acuminata, acuta,
basi inaequalia, truncato-cordata vel latere altero rotundato vel
truncato altero late cuneato, 4°5-12 cm. longa, 2-54 cm. he

culis ascendentibus tecti. Petala 5, 6°5 cm. Wig apice 1°7 cm.
lata, basi in unguem attenuata, parum curvata, extra breviter
stellato-pubescentia, Androphorium vix 1 em. longum, glabrum.
Stamina circiter 15, in fasciculas cum staminodiis alternantes dis:
posita ; filamenta circiter 2 cm. longa, ad partem trientem in
fasciculas aa, ; staminodia 5, circiter 5 cm. longa, ae

crassata, pilis paucis minutis stellatis instructa, Stylus 5 em.
longus, “interne stellato-pubescens ; ovarium 6 mm. altum, albo-
hirs

Sriracha, by beach, Kerr, 2097.

Euonymus similis, Crazb Le seatpocenes ytastrenehs ab E. glabro,
Roxb., floribus majoribus, petalis fimbriatis

Paes circiter 7°5 m. alta (ex Kerr) ; aa glabri, primo
subquadrangulares, viridi-straminei, mox_ teretes, cortice rubro-
brunneo obtecti. Folia plerumque oblanceolata vel obovato-
oblanceolata, apice acuminata, acutiuscula vel obtusa, basi cuneata,

23204 C2

148

7-125 cm. longa, 3-6 cm. lata, coriacea, utrinque glabra, margine
revoluto superne serrata, nervis lateralibus utrinque 6-8 supra
conspicuis subtus prominulis nervis transversis utrinque plerumque
subconspicuis ; petioli ad 1 cm. longi, supra canaliculati.

~ axillares, dichotomae ; pedunculi communes ad 5°5 em. longi, glabri;
pedicelli circiter 7 mm. longi, inferne articulati. Sepala exteriora
rotundata, circiter 2 mm. diametro, interiora transverse oblonga,
3 mm. longa, 5 mm. lata, omnia ciliata. Petala 5, oblongo-cuneata,
superne fimbriata, 6 mm. longa, 5 mm. lata, glabra. ilamenta
circiter 2°5 mm. longa. Stylus obtusus, 1°5 mm. altus. Ovula 2,
superposita. Fructus vix 1 cm. altus, pallide viridis vel brunnescens.

Craib, Kew Bull. 1911, p. 29.
Chiengmai, in evergreen jungle on Doi Sootep, 720-1200 m.,

Kerr, 649, 736, 736a.

1835.
Indigofera laxiflora, Crazb [ Leguminosae-Galegeae]; ab J. subulata,
Vahl, foliolis majoribus numerosioribus, floribus fere duplo majoribus,

Fruticulus flaccidus, vix 1 m. altus (ex Kerr) ; caules primo parce
appresse brunneo-hirsuti, mox glabri, stramineo-virides nisi inferne
rubrescentes. Folia imparipinnata, ad 12 cm. longa, petiolo circiter
15 em. longo suffulta, rhachi supra canaliculato ; foliola opposita,
utringue 4-6, plerumque oblongo-obovata, apice rotundata,
mucronata, basi cuneata vel late euneata, ad 4 em. longa et 2°3 cm.
lata, terminale a lateralibus paullo ultra 1 cm. distans, membranacea
utrinque pilis medio-fixis brevibus paucis albis nisi subtus interdum
brunneis instructa, petiolulis circiter 1-5 mm. longis suffulta ; stipulae
deciduae, circiter 2 mm, longae ; stipellae ad 1 mm. longae. Racemi
axillares, ad 15 em. longi, pedunculo communi ad 5 cm. longo
suffulti. Bracteae sub anthesin deciduae, 1:5 mm. longae. Pedicelli
ad 5 mm. longi, ut rhachi pilis paucis appressis brunneis instructi.
Calyx extra parce appresse brunneo-pubescens ; tubus 1°75 mm.
longus ; lobi Janceolati, acuti, ad 1 mm, longi. Corolla purpurea

149

(ex Kerr) ; vexillum subellipticum, 8 mm. lon four, 6 mm. latum,
ungui 1 mm. longo, extra breviter appresse albo-pubescens ; alae
angustae, vexillo aequilongae ; carina alas paullo superans. Ovarium
circiter 8 mm. longum et 0°3 mm. latum, glabrum, multiovulatum.
Legumen ad 4°3 em. anaes 1'°5 mm. latum, acuminatum, suturis
incrassatum, glabrum

ees in open grassy jungle on Doi Sootep, 1500 m., Kerr
1388, 8.
Hee goes Kerrii, Drummond et Craib | Leguminosae-

Galegeae]; 7. vestitae, Vog., similis sed floribus leguminibusque
multo majoribus, necnon leguminis siddiivenito valde fortiore facile
distinguenda,

Suffruticulus caulibus circa bimetralibus erectis rigidis superne
fistulosis sub supremam inflorescentiam 2°5 mm. diametro angulatis
et leniter sulcatis pilis satis robustis ascendentibus laxe adpressis
demum fulvescentibus vestitis. olia imparipinnata, foliolo
terminali lateralibus aliquantulo majore; foliola utrinque 5-8,
oblongo-lanceolata, breviter sed distincte mucronata, usque ad
7°75 cm. longa, paullo ultra 17 mm. lata, supra olivacea, glabrata,
minute sed distincte reticulata, subtus pilis subargenteis satis longis
mollioribus adpressis dense vestita, costa necnon margine pilis mox
fulvescentibus instructa, nervis primariis circa 3 mm. inter se
distantibus leniter arcuatis, secondariis secus primarios parallelis
multo obscurioribus ; petioluli vix 2 mm. longi, basi pulvinati,
inaequaliter hirsuti. Inflorescentiae juveniles strobiliformes, circa
20 mm. longae, 10 mm. diametro, denique sub anthesin ad 10 em
longae ; bracteae anguste lanceolatae, argute cuspidatae, 5 mm.
longae, 2 mm. (ciliis Slee latae, ae lineari-subulata cirea
5 mm. longa, dorso villosissimae, ad m inem eleganter ciliatae,
interne venis paucis satis obviis et silis seubdidis nove sparse
ornatae, caducae ; flores rhachidis obscure flexiosi ad no
insidentes, pedicellis valde villosis post anthesin 6 mm. longis
suffulti. Calyx extra pilis subasperis 1 mm. longis fulvescentibus
laxe aapeanels obsitus ; tubus late lg en 4mm. diametro ;
lobi anguste deltoidei, anterior prope 5 mm., ceteri vix 3 mim. longi,
omnes circa 2 mm. basi lati, intra fusci et minute puberuli.
Vexillum ovato-cordatum, apice breviter emarginatum, basi

convexe carinatum, pilis robustis longis fulvis subadpressis vestitum
intra ommino glabratum ; alae carinam vix superantes, ei forma
similes sed apice obscurissime falcatae, venis satis conspicuis inter
se innectis .pulchre notatae, margine superiore supra unguem
manifeste gibbosae ; carina margine anteriore 10 mm. inferiore vix
9 mm. longa, apicem versus obtuse et brevissime rostrata, leniter

falcata. Legumen 10 cm. longum, 7°5 mm. latum, pilis longis
fulvescentibus mollibus prorsus directis vestitum, parte inferiore
plus minusve arcuatum, sub apicem margine anteriore in rostrum
validum 2°5 mm. longum curvatum abeunte unde exoritur stylus
subpersistens, abrupte geniculatus, inferne glaber, superne unilatera-
liter insigne barbatus.

Chiengmai, in evergreen jungle on Doi Sootep, 960 m., Kerr, 1382.

Distr. Yunnan, Szemao, 1500 m., Henry, 12715,

~

150

Tephrosia ‘Sixisseniial repentina, Drummond et Craib. | Legu-
minosae-Galegeae]; e grege 7’. tinctoriae, Pers. (sensu stricto), ab
illa necnon a JT. coccinea, Wall. , propter formam et indumentum
foholorum, a 7. Heyneana, Wall, propter multo majores flores et
legumina facile distinguenda ; a J. senticosa, Pers. (vera), cui
omnium maxime affinis, foliolis majoribus oblongo-lanceolatis vel
oblongo-obovatis nec oblongo-cuneatis apice obtusis vel acutis
nunquam retusis supra obscure nec conspicue striatis, legumine
fere duplo longiore valde pubescente aliisque notis bene dignoscitur.

Suffruticulus 30-70 cm. altus, caule circiter 2 mm. diametro
obscurius angulato irregulariter sulcato pilis subargenteis mox
fulvescentibus subadpressis munito. Folia imparipinnata, foliolo
terminali lateralibus aliquantulo majore, rhachi adpresse piloso basi
inconspicue pulvinato 3°5-7'5 cm. longo; foliola utrinque 3-5,
oblongo-lanceolata vel oblongo-obovata, apice obtusa vel acuta,
cuiusque jugi superne eradatim me as infima, 4°5 cm, longa, 7 mm.
lata, suprema ad 4°5 em. longa et vix 2 cm. lata, supra cinereo-
olivacea, ad venas_ nebulose A ctneo minute reticulata,
glabra nisi nervis lateralibus villos paucos longos candidos
sparsissime praebentibus, subtus pilis subargenteis leniter adpressis

ensius vestita, ad costam prominentem pilis longioribus sub-
patentibus ad marginem subaureis prorsus directis ornata, nervis

i ;
petiolulis pilis ascendentibus pallide aureis hirsutis suffulta.
Flores 1-4, terminales vel axillares ; bracteae sericeo-canescentes ;
bracteolae obscuriores, caducae; pedicelli (maturante eas
vix 4 mm. longi. Calycis tubus subpoculiformis, circiter 3 m
diametro, extra pilis sericeo-canescentibus laxe adpressis vestitus,
intra glaber, lobi angustissime deltoidei, anterior circa 4 n
longus, ceteri circa 2 mm. longi et 1 mm, lati, extra pilis aa
subaureis obsiti. Vexillum brunneum (ex Kerr) circiter 19 mm,
longum, medio argute sulcato-lineatum, margine integro, dorso pilis
longis. aureo-fulvis quasi velutinis denen vestitum; alae. albae
(ex Kerr), carina manifeste breviores, dimidiate oblongo-cuneatae,
obscure falcatae, supra unguem ibbosae ; ; carina alba (ex Kerr),
circiter 18 mm, longa, obtuse rostrata, inferiore margine oblique
rotundato, supra mediam. longitudinem 6°5 mm, lata. Stylus vix
geniculatus, alte arcuatus, pilis ascendentibus subaureis aeque
muni itus, . Legumen (vix maturum) 9 cm, longum, vix 6 mm, latum,
inconspicue falcatum, sub apicem margine anteriore in rostrum vix
3 mm, longum curyatim abeunte, pilis mollibus longis subadpressis
satis sordide fulvescentibus dense vestitum
s SPC iy awng Kaw, on clearing in evergreen jungle, 30 m.,
err,

The pis received are all of one year’s growth, but with
regard to the conditions of its occurrence it would ‘hardly be
justifiable to regard bee species as sae monocarpic, :

Desmodium cephalotoides, Crab [Leguminosae - Hedysareae] ;
Dz a Wall. facie similis. sed floribus magnis facile dis-

tin

Saf ufiruticales circiter 6 dm. altus (ex Kerr); caules trigoni,
faciebus sericei, angulis barbati. Folia trifoliolata, petiolo 1°5-
2°5 cm. longo. trigono indumento ut caulibus suffulta ; stipulae

151

deciduae, 50a i acutae, circiter 1 cm. longae, costatae
sicco brunneae, dorso costa pilosae vel fere glabrae, ciliatae ; foliola
Inriseohitea,: “aples acuta, basi cuneata vel subrotundata, lateralis
3°5-8 cm. longa, 1°5-2°6 em, lata, terminale a lateralibus 1-2 ¢
distans, 5-11 cm. longum, 1-5-4 em. latum, chartacea, supra costa
pilosula excepta glabra, subtus sate nervis lateralibus utrinque
ad 10 supra conspicuis subtus prominentibus, nervis transversis
tenuibus supra subconspicuis ; stipelide. ad 8 mm. longae. Inflore-
scentia axillaris, capituliformis ; bracteae vix 3 mm. longae, 1°5 mm
latae, bracteolis similes ; pedicelli 4 mm. longi, sericei ; bracteolae 2,
oblongae, acutiusculae, 4 mm. longa, 1:75 mm. latae, costatae,
dorso medio apicemque versus barbatae, ciliatae. Calycis tubus
2°5 mm. longus, extra parcissime appresse pubescens, intra gla er,
lobi 2°5-4'5 mm. longi, ad 2 mm. lati, acuti, extra subsericei, intra
pilosuli. Corolla alba (ex roth glabra, 1°3 em. longa. Ovarium
vix 3 mm. altum, suturis pubescens.

Meh Ping Rapids, Ban Raw, 3 in mixed jungle, Kerr, 2022.

Uraria sete: Sp Cratb TD ga arranaegp igmchoepiet ab U. lago-
poide, DC., cui valde affinis, foliorum nervis pagina utraque
conspicuis, Sagas epponbus angstioribus haud vel yix acumina-
tis, leguminibus s pallidis

Caules basi lignosi, ra: graciles, primo breviter pubescentes
praetereaque pilis paucis patentibus longis albis instructi, mox
puberuli. Folia simplicia, ambitu plus minusve rotundata, mucronata, —
basi leviter cordata, 1°1-3'4 cm. longa, 1°1-2°8 cm, lata, rigide
chartacea, supra pilis paucis brevibus scabridula, subtus nervis
puberula et pilis paucis longioribus deciduis instructa, ciliata, nervis
lateralibus utrinque circiter 7 cum nervis transversis supra promi-
nulis subtus prominentibus ; petioli graciles 1°3-2°7 cm. longi,
puberuli ; stipulae angustae, acutae, circiter 7 mm, longae ; stipellae

Racemi cylindrici, ad 5 cm. longi et circiter 1°5 cm,
diametro ; bracteae late lanceolatae, apice attenuatae, acutae, circiter
1 cm. longae et 3 mm. latae, ciliatae, extra puberulae praetereaque
pilis paucis longis 5 it instructae, intra glabrae, costatae ; flores
gemini, pedicellis 4 mm. longis pilis longis divaricatis paucisque
brevioribus instructis suffulti. Calyeis segmenta ad 6 mm. longa,
corollam purpuream es pilis rigidis divaricatis tecta.
Legumen pallidum, puberulum

Sriracha, creeping on teks, Sau by the sea, Kerr, 2136.

Cassia Garrettiana, Crath [ Leguminosae-Cassieae]; C. racemosae,
Mill, sensu stricto affinis, sed foliolis ovato-lanceolatis vel anguste
ovatis acuminatis acutis, racemis brevius pedunculatis in axillis
plerumque geminis, floribus majoribus recedit.

Frutex vel arbuscula (ex Kerr), ramulis puberulis cortice rubro-
brunneo striato obtectis. Folia abrupte pinnata, circiter 15 cm.
longa, petiolo communi 3°5-5 em. phat suffulta, petiolo ima basi
puberulo et ut rhachi supra canaliculato ; foliola utrinque 7, ovato-
lanceolata vel anguste ovata, apice acuminata, acuta, basi rotundata

vel late cuneata, 3°5-8 cm . longa, 2-3°6 cm. lata, rigide chartacea,
utrinque glabra, margine ‘cartaligineo, nervis lateralibus utrinque
saltem 10 intra marginemearcuatis supra conspicuis vel prominulis
subtus subconspicuis vel fere prominulis, nervis transversis uti

152

Benth., Trans. Linn. Soe. vol. xxvii. p. 549, quoad plantam Schom-
burgkianam, v/a Mill.

Sriracha in scrub jungle near sea level, Kerr, 2067 ; Battambong, —
Anhin, Schomburgh, 251. :

Siamese name, Mé San (ex Kerr).

A specimen collected by Luang Vanpruk (No. 179) at Phre,
120 m., probably also belongs here though the leaflets are much larger.

Parinarium albidum, Craib [Rosaceae-Chrysobalaneae]; a

Arbor 1 (ex
mox glabri vel fere glabri, cortice rubro-brunneo lenticellato obtecti.

concavae, deciduae, 3 mm. longae, 2 mm. latae, dorso appresse
pubescentes. Calyx extra subferrugineo-tomentellus, intra villosus ;
tubus 2 mm. longus ; lobi oblongi vel deltoidei, acuti, 1:75 mm.
longi, 1-15 mm. lati. Petala 1°5 mm. longa, vix 1 mm. lata,
ciliolata. Stamina 7, filamentis ad 1-5 mm. longis glabris. Ovarium

Chiengmai, in mixed jungle on lower slopes of Doi Sootep,
300 m., Kerr, 604; Kanburi, 7 eysmann,

si plerumque late cuneata, 5-10 em. longa, 3°3-5°8 em. lata, rigide
chartacea vel fere subcoriacea, supra nisi costa pilosula glabra,
: rvisque primariis parce pilosula, mox glabra, nervis
lateralibus utrinque 6-7 supra conspicuis subtus prominentibus,

“158

nervis transversis subtus Promina a circiter 8 mm, ais
upra parum canaliculati, pilosu pieae graciles, in paniculas
CIPDO TES, rhachi ramulisque sabtetrusuies. plod Receptaculum

1mm. altum, glabrum. Calyx pallide viridis (ex Kerr), circiter
1°25 mm. altus, fere ad medium lobatius, lobis deltoideis obtusis
pauperrime ciliatis, extra plat, intra pubescens Stamina exserta,

2010 is describod as a mains ok shrub and Bik as a tree.

Terminalia obliqua, Craib [Combretaceae-Combreteae]; 7’.
tripteroid:, ost facie similis, foliis longius petiolatis et acuminatis
distingue

Arbor tee: Kerr), ramulis primo breviter appresse pubescentibus
mox glabris cortice rubro-brunneo vel cinereo-brunneo reticulato-
striato obtectis. Folia plerumque ovato-lanceolata, apice acuminata,
acuta vel Se Saga ee basi inaequalia, cuneata, late cuneata vel
fere rotundata, 7-11°5 cm. longa, 2°6-5°5 cm. lata, subcoriacea,
utrinque glabra, nervis lateralibus utrinque 7-9 satis obliquis supra
conspicuis subtus prominulis, nervis transversis uti reticulatione
gracili subtus conspicuis ; petioli ad 1°7 cm. oe supra oe nce
vel parum canaliculati, subtus convexi, fuse ieae in panic
dispositae. Fructus oblongus, 3 cm. altus, 3-alatus, alis vix 1 em.

atis.
Sriracha, Nawng Kaw, 30 m., Kerr, 2073.
Siamese name, Kiim Chai (Kam Chai)— Kerr.

Eugenia siamensis, Craib [Myrtaceae-Myrteae]; ab £. Jee
Linn., foliis formae diversae tenuioribus nervis paucioribus recedit.

Suffrntex vel arbuscula (ex Kerr), omnino glaber ; ramuli graciles,
cortice pallide brunneo vel rubro-brunneo obtecti. Foha anguste
oblonga vel oblanceolata, apice acuminata, acutiuscula, basi cuneata,
85-13 cm. longa, 2°2-4 cm. lata, chartacea, nervis lateralibus
utrinque cirere. 8 rectis vel subrectis intra mar. ginem arcuatis —

spicuis ; putiok circiter 8 mm. longi et 15 mm. crassi, supra
canaliculati. Inflorescentia e cyma “terminali 3-flora constituta ; :
pedicelli (infra articulationem) 3-5 mm. longi. bi etag me
circiter 1°2 cm. altum, parte basali pedicellum simulante 6-
alta 2-4 mm. diametro parte suprema apice | 13° em. itauihe ro.
Sepala 4, basi breviter connata, subrotundata, 7 mm. longa, circiter
lem. lata. Petala libera, ad 1:8 cm. longa. Stamina _perplurima,
3em.longa. Stylus fere 5°5 cm. longus. Fructus plus minusve
globosus, paullo ultra 2 cm, altus, calyce styloque diu persistentibus,

Sriracha, Nawn ng aa Za t evergreen jungle, 90 m., Kerr, 2118.

Siamese name, Bang K ex Kerr).

Begonia Covert) ee Craib [Begoniaceae] ; B.
Roxburghii, DC., foliis angustioribus basi oblique speiiaty vel
cordato-truncatis eae alte cordatis recedit.

Herba pris bimetralis (ex Kerr); caules glabri vel juventute
subglabri, primo flexuosi, striati, basi ad 8 mm. diametro. Folia
alterna, tanenalaié vel oblongo-lanceolata, apice acuminata, acuta,

154

basi oblique truncata vel cordato-truncata, 13-27 cm. longa,
3-8°5 om, lata, membranacea, supra parcissime setulosa, subtus costa
nervisque setulosa, margine setoso-serrulata, e basi circiter 5-nervata,
nervis secondariis (e costa ortis) atrinque ad 7 pagina utraque sicco
prominulis, nervis transversis satis distantibus utrinque conspicuis ;
petioli 1-12 cm. longi, glabrescentes ; stipulae brunneae, lanceolatae,
acutae, 1-1°3 em. longae, 3°5 mm. latae, deciduae. Flos ¢ pedicello
ad 1'4 cm. longo ut pedicello Q bibracteato suffultus. Sepala 2,
obovato-elliptica, 1-4 cm. longa, 1°2 cm. lata. Petala 2, oblongo-
oblanceolata, circiter 1°3 cm.’ longa et 0°5 cm. lata. Stamina
perplurima, filamentis liberis, connectivo manifeste producto.
Flores Q axillares, solitarii, pedicellis 0°5-1 em. longis bracteolis
majusculis stipulis conformibus paullo supra basin instructis suffulti.
Sepala petalaque maris sed minora.—JB. sp. n., Craib, Kew Bull.
1911, p. 58.

Chiengmai, in damp shady spots by stream on Doi Sootep,
660-900 m., Kerr, 557, 1744.

Sphenodesme (Eusphenodesme) mollis, Craid {[Verbenaceae-
Symphoremeae]; ob folia subtus parce molliter pubescentia
distincta. :

Suffrutex scandens ; ramuli primo tomentelli, mox parce pilosuli ;
rami glabri, cortice brunneo-cinereo parce lenticellato obtecti.
Folia oblongo-elliptica, apice acuminata, acuta, basi late cuneata,
4-12 cm. longa, 2-8°5 cm. lata, chartacea, supra pilesula, subtus
parce molliter pubescentia sed costa brevius appresse pubescentia,
nervis lateralibus utrinqgue 5-6 supra leviter impressis subtus
prominentibus, nervis transversis supra subimpressis subtus promi-
nulis ; petioli circiter 1 cm. longi, tomentelli. Cymae capitatae,
7-florae, in paniculas terminales dispositae ; bracteae cuiusque
capituli 6, oblanceolatae vel oblanceolato-spatulatae, apiculatae,
circiter 2 cm. longae et 6 mm. latae, utrinque pilosulae, plus minusve
distincte nervatae. Calyx extra subsericeus, intra superne pilosulus ;
. tubus 3°5 mm. longus; lobi deltoidei vel late deltoidei, 1°25 mm.
longi, apice breviter bifidi. Corollae tubus 4°75 mm. longus, lobi
oblong, apice rotundati, circiter 3 mm. longi et 2°25 mm. lati, intra
basi dense villosi. Stamina paullo exserta, Ovarium pilis albidis
erectis rigidiusculis obtectum, circiter 1 mm. altum ; stylus circiter
6°5 mm. longus, apice bifidus, glaber. y

Sriracha, Nawng Kaw, in evergreen jungle, 30 m., Kerr, 2075.

Hymenopyramis siamensis, Craih [ Verbenaceae~Caryopterideae] ;
ab H. brachiata, Wall., indumento diverso, calyce fructescente
multo majore recedit.

Sufrutex petiolis arcuato-deflexis scandens ; ramuli subferrugineo-
tomentelli ;-rami latere altero brunnei, puberuli, altero subferrugineo-
tomentelli, striati, lenticellis (?) in lineas 8 regulariter dispositis
instructi. Folia plus minusve elliptica, apice acuminata, acuta, basi
late cuneata, ad 14 em. longa et 7°5 em. lata, supra parce brunneo-
pilosula, subtus molliter pubescentia, glandulosa praetereaque huc
illuc pilis rigidis erectis nigris instructa, chartacea, nervis lateralibus
utrinque 6-8 supra leviter impressis subtus prominentibus, nervis
tramsversis supra leviter impressis subtus prominulis ; petioli ad

155

2'4 cm. longi, subferrugineo-tomentelli praetereaque pilis paucis
atris instructi. Inflorescentia generis. Calyx infructescens pedicello
ad fere 2 cm. longo suffultus, ad 5*2 em. longus, basi poculiformis,
utrinque pubescens. Fructus dense ablo-hirsutus.
Sriracha, Nawng Kaw, in evergreen jungle, 30 m., Kerr, 2087.
Siamese name, Wang Sum (ex Kerr).

XVI—MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.

Mr. Jonn Lampourne, a member of the gardening staff of the
Royal Botanic Gardens, has been appointed by the Secretary of
State for the Colonies, on the recommendation of Kew, Assistant
oe of Government Plantations in the Federated Malay
States,

G. Maw.—Mr. George Maw, who was born in 1832, was a man
of very wide interests and for more than half a century a prolific
contributor to various scientific journals. He was the head of a
firm of manufacturers of artistic tiles and other kinds of pottery at
Broseley in Shropshire. At first he turned his attention to British
Botany, and in 1853 contributed to the “ Phytologist,” a paper on
the plants of the Valleys of the Taw, the Tamar and the Torridge.
He found Lilium pyrenaicum in a naturalised condition near Molton
in S. Devon. In 1860 he became a Fellow of the Linnean Society,

Mr. George Maw went on an expedition together to investigate the
flora of the Greater Atlas, the outeome of which was the well-known
book of travels published by Macmillan in 1878, to which Maw
contributed an account of the geology of the country, and also
Mr. Ball’s “ Specilegium Florae Maroccanae,’ contained in
Volume xvi of the Journal of the Linnean Society, in which a
large number of new species are described and many of them
figured. About 1875 Mr. Maw began to concentrate his attention
on the genus Crocus and travelled extensively in Greece and Asia
Minor, the head-quarters of these delightful plants, to study and
collect the species in their native localities. After many preliminary
studies, published in the ‘“ Gardeners’ Chronicle ” from 1877-81, and
in the Journal of the Linnean Society, he published his great mono-
graph on the genus Crocus in 1886 with quarto plates of all the
67 species drawn and coloured by himself. He presented to the
Royal Botanic Gardens an almost complete set of, the living plants
of the different species, and so keen was his interest that he came
to Kew and planted them with his own hands to ensure the species
being ccrrectly separated. Sir Joseph Hooker dedicated to him a

156

volume of the Botanical Magazine (30th vol. of the 3rd series), and
Mr. Wm. Robinson a volume of “ The Garden ” with a notice and
a portrait. In May, 1886, Mr. Maw left his old residence at
Broseley for Kenley in Surrey, where he has lived in retirement
and where he died on February 7th, 1912, at the age of 79.

J. GB,

Pond-weed and Copper Sulphate—A frequent application for
advice made to Kew is from correspondents whose ponds or lakes
are infested during summer by the various forms of Algae or
“weed ” found in British waters. Zveryone knows the unpleasant
nature of the scum-like and other growths that are nearly always
seen at that season on still, or nearly still, water. They not only
frequently destroy the beauty of ponds entirely for a time, but are
offensive to the nostrils as well. A good deal of this annoyance
may be avoided by the use of copper sulphate. Owing to the water
of the Lake at Kew being pumped for garden purposes (including
the watering of ferns and other low types of vegetation) it is con-
sidered inadvisable to use copper sulphate there, but it is employed
with advantage in the smaller ponds. e proportion used is 1 part
copper sulphate to anywhere from 750,000 to 1,000,000 parts of
water. It is first necessary to ascertain, approximately at least,
the cubic contents of the water to be treated. The sulphate of
copper should be obtained in a pulverised state, placed in a porous
bag, and dragged through the water until dissolved. It does not
matter how the sulphate is distributed so long as it is done
thoroughly. It may be dissolved previously and sprayed evenly
over the surface, provided no water-lilies or other aquatic phanero-
gams are in growth. It may be mentioned that a cubic foot of
water weighs about 621 Ibs.

During the last two summers a striking example of the effective
use of copper sulphate has been provided in St. James’s Park.
Previously, it had been a costly and troublesome matter to keep the
water there presentable in hot weather by employing men in boats
to remove the weed with rakes, &c. The copper sulphate treatment
was adopted, with the result, we learn, that at a much less expendi-
wen money and labour it can now be kept practically free from
weed.

: A fact of considerable interest has also been reported by the
Superintendent. The ponds are cleaned out triennially and the
surplus fish disposed of. In recent years it has been found that
. many of the fish were badly attacked by fungus, so much so that

it became doubtful whether it was advisable to transfer them to
other waters. We learn that at the last cleaning out the fish were.
se free from fungoid disease and remarkably clean and silvery.

his is of especial interest because one of the doubtful matters
about the use of copper sulphate in water was its effect on fish.
It has been found in America that certain delicate species were
affected, but usually when a considerably stronger application was
used than that mentioned above.
W. J.B.

157

Two animals were experimented upon, one an aged mare and the
other a six year old gelding. The experiments were apparently
continued longer with the horse than with the mare. No grain was
given and the amount of dried Eguisetum mixed with the hay was
gradually increased from half a pound to six pounds per day. At first
the animals seemed to prefer the Eqguisetum to the rest of the hay,
but on the fourth day the mare and on the twelfth the horse showed
an aversion to it which increased as the experiment continued till
near the end the greatest difficulty was experienced in getting the
animals to touch it. The first symptoms of poisoning appeare
early. On about the fourteenth day the animals began to show a
hesitating, staggering gait, which alternately appeared and disap-
peared throughout the course of the experiment. Other symptoms
noted were loss of muscular control, poor condition of the flesh, and
an unusual sensitiveness of the shoulder, these being accompanied

y normal or subnormal temperature and a good appetite. The
diuretic properties of the plant were shown by the constant satura-
tion of the ground with urine which was persistently alkaline. It
was found that in general the attacks of staggering coincided with
the wet cold days, at least during the first half of the experiment.
Towards the last the horse, losing control of its legs, fell many
times. It also appeared more stupid and yawned frequently, The
experiment was abandoned here owing to the refusal of the horse
to take Eguisetum either as hay or as a decoction. The vicious
nature of the animal prevented the use of the decoction as a drench.

The conclusions arrived at are two, namely, that the weed must
be present in large quantities to be dangerous to horses, but that
when taken in sufficient amount it is fatal to these animals,

Wena a:

Symplocos luzoniensis—Some confusion has arisen between two
Philippine species of Symplocos which it is desirable to clear up.
The name Symplocos montana, Vidal, proving untenable, because of
the earlier S. montana, Brongn. & Gris., a New Caledonian species,
the Philippine plant was re-named S. luzontensis, Rolfe. e
latter Brand has now referred a specimen collected in the Caraballo
Mountains, in the Province of Nueva Ecija, Vidal, 2141, which
unfortunately does not agree with the original—a plant apparently
not seen by Brand. From this specimen the technical description
and the characters in the key in Brand’s Monograph were evidently
drawn. Apparently relying upon these characters Merrill has
described a new species under the name of S. depauperata, which I
cannot distinguish from S, luzoniensis, Rolfe. The following is the

158

synonymy of the two species, and as the second is without a specific
name that of S, Vidalii is proposed :— :

8. luzoniensis, Rolfe in Brit. Journ. of Bot. 1886, p. 348.
S. montana, Vidal Revis. Pl. Vasc. Filip, p. 179 (nec Brongn. et

ris.). S. depauperata, Merrill in Philipp. Gov. Lab. Bur.
Bull. xxix. p. 45.

SLAND OF Luzon. Prov. Tayabas, Dolores, Vidal, 64 bis,
982; Mount Banahao, 1830 m., Vidal, : ) enguet,
Tonglon, Loher, 410; Atoc, Loher, 412; Benguet, Loher, 414 ;
Data, Loher, 441, Merrill, 4526; Baguio, Elmer, 5909, 6508,
Merrill, 4333, Williams, 961.

8. Vidalii, Rolfe. S. luzoniensis, Brand in Engl. Pflanzenr.
Symplocac. p. 61 (nec Rolfe). |

SLAND OF Luzon. Prov. Nueva Vizcaya, Mt. Caraballo sur,
Vidal, 2141.

The former species is readily distinguished by its smaller, more
ovate, serrate leaves, and nearly glabrous calyx tube.

As S. Brandiana, Schlechter, in Engl. Jahrb. xxxix. p. 227, is
untenable, on account of the earlier S. Brandiana, King & Gamble,
this New Caledonian species may be called S. oubatchensis, Rolfe,
from the mountain on which it was collected.

R. A. R.

Botanical Magazine for March.—The plants figured are Brunfelsia
undulata, Swartz (t. 8422); Syringa Julianae, C. K. Schneider
(t. 8423); Dombeya calantha, K. Schum. (t. 8424); Corokia
Cotoneaster, Raoul (t. 8425); Cereus Silvestrii, Speg. (t. 8426).
Brunfelsia undulata is a West Indian species and was first intro-
duced into this country from Jamaica about a century ago. It has
white or sometimes yellowish flowers, with a very long corolla-tube,
and like B, americana, Swartz, which differs in having obtuse
instead of tapering leaves, it has a cup-shaped calyx with very
short obtuse lobes. The plant which furnished the material for the
figure was obtained from Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons in 1904.
Syringa Julianae was recently described for the first time from a
plant. supplied by Messrs. Veitch from their Coombe Wood
nursery, where it had been raised from seed collected in Western
China by Mr. E. H. Wilson, and grown under the name of S.

and lilac-purple.

leaves. Its flowers are borne in large corymb-like cymes, and
superficially resemble those of the Musk Mallow. It is a native of
British Central Africa whence the first material was sent to Kew

by the late Mr. Alexander Whyte, having been collected by him
and Mr. J. M. McClounie, The plant from which the specimen

\

*

159

figured was obtained was raised at Kew from seeds received from
Mr. J. Medley Wood, Director of the Botanic Gardens at
Durban.

Corokia Cotoneaster is a familiar New Zealand shrub, and is
recorded as being in cultivation at Kew in 1876. It thrives out-of-
doors on a south wall, but is killed or injured by severe frost in the
open ground. In Canon Elacombe’s garden at Bitton, near Bristol,
there is a fine specimen growing in a sheltered corner, and from this
the figure has been prepared.

Cereus Silvestrii comes from the Argentine Republic. It is an
elegant species, having slender prostrate or ascending stems, and
bright orange-scarlet flowers which are freely produced. The
specimen figured was obtained from a plant purchased early last
year from Messrs, Haage & Schmidt of Erfurt.

Abor ExpeditionIn a letter to the Director written from Kobo
on 8th December, 1911, during the course of the Abor Expedition
under Major-General Bower, Mr. I. H. Burkill speaks of the climate
experienced as cold at nights with the Mishmi Hills which are in
sight already carrying a lot of snow. Looking eastwards from
Kobo, Daphabum seems to end the mountains, but away behind,
towards China, are more snows. Looking south-east no hills can be

3) The air-space ;
(4) Occupied by the ground vegetation of Piperaceae,
Rubiaceae, &c., small leaved and bird-distributed. _
ver all is a tangle of lianes, those which reach highest wind-
distributed like the trees ; the less lofty bird-distributed. ;
Measuring the light in the depth of this forest Mr. Burkill finds

- it to be gdo to gh of what it is on the river bank.

Funtumia Rubber.*—It is not often that a plant within little more
than a decade from its discovery is made the subject of an exhaus-
tive monograph running over 252 pages, and covering nearly all
aspects under which it presents itself to the botamist and the
practical man. But such is the case with Funtumia elastica which,

in Mr. Cuthbert Christy, has found an excellent interpreter.

* The African Rubber Industry and Funtumia elastica (“Kickxia”). By
Cuthbert Christy, M.B., C.M.

160

Although the existence of a new and important rubber tree in
West Africa became known about 1883, it was not until 15 years
later that its botanical status was made out, and then a few more
years elapsed before it was sufficiently described to allow of its safe
discrimination from very similar but valueless allies. eanwhile,
the commercial value of Funtumia rubber had become established,
planting experiments had been taken up, and new areas of spon-
taneous occurrence of the tree added to the one originally known,
demonstrating the existence of the species over a forest belt extend-
ing from Sierra Leone in the west to Uganda* in the east. At the
_ same time a considerable diminution of the rubber supply from other

African sources, and even of Fuutumia rubber, made itself felt

wrote out the book at home, but he did the work in the field
during a five years’ stay in East Africa and Uganda, and
in repeated travels in most of the West African colonies.
This, in connection with a truly scientific—that is, rational—
working plan, will make the book of lasting value to an industry —
which will for long be one of the greatest assets of the tropical
colonies. It may only be added that the book is very well written
and amply illustrated by over 100 photographs, 10 full-plate draw-
ings, @ map, and a number of instructive diagrams. ~

O. 8.

* Whilst this note was being written, news was received from Mr. B. Battis-
combe, Conservator of Forests, of the discovery of Funtumia elastica in that
portion of the Victoria Nyanza Basin which forms part o e British East —
Africa Protectorate. The tree is stated to occur there in considerable numbers
at 5000-6000 feet.

KEW BULLETIN, 1912.

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face page 761. Chaetomium and Ceratostoma.

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Malby & Sons,Lith. f

[All Rights Reserved.]

ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW.

BULLETIN

OF

MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION,

No. 4.] [1912.

XVII—ADDITIONS TO THE WILD FAUNA AND FLORA
OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW.—XIII.

G. MASSEE.
CHAETOMIUM.

The species enumerated have all, without exception, been studied
from specimens that have appeared spontaneously on old cultures,
in Petri dishes, &c., in the Jodrell Laboratory.

The members of the genus Chaetomium, owing to their fragility,
do not make good herbarium specimens, and as the species are in a
somewhat chaotic condition, advantage has been taken of the
occurrence of living material to furnish amended diagnoses of the
British species.

Chaetomium, Kunze, Myc. Heft, 1, p. 15 (1817); Zopf,
-Entwickel. d. Ascomyceten, p. 274 (1881); Sacc., Syll., 1, p. 220
(1882) ; Cooke, Hdbk. Brit. Fungi, 2, p. 652 (1871).

Perithecium superficial, varying form from subglobose to cylin-
drical, rigid, very fragile and breaking up when the spores are
mature, dark brown or blackish, mouth small, papillate, pale, sur-
rounded by a dense cluster of straight or variously curved, simple
or branched, rigid setae, collectively constituting the crown-hairs.
Asci clavate or sub-cylindrical, 8-spored, deliquescing at an early
stage. Paraphyses absent. Spores 2-seriate or rarely 1-seriate,
1-celled, laterally compressed, varying from circular to broadly
lemon-shaped in a front view, often apiculate, becoming dark
coloured, usually blackish-olive.

e presence of hairs on the perithecium, in so many genera
included in the Sphaeriaceae, reaches the maximum of development
in Chaetomium, where the crown-hairs usually form a dense tuft
much exceeding in size that of the perithecium. These hairs
present great variety of structure and forms in different species,
sometimes quite simple and straight, in others again slightly wavy
or flexuous, or coiled into a long, cylindrical spiral, all the turns
being in the same direction, or one half of the spiral turning from

(23773—6a.) Wt. 189—808, 1125, 5/12. D&S,

162

- right to left, the other half turning from left to right, with a short
straight piece between the two opposite spirals, as in some tendrils.

e wall of the ascus deliquesces at an early stage, leaving the
spores free in the perithecium, from which they are expelled at

olive, and usually quite opaque. The epispore is quite smooth
in all known species.

Zopf has given an exhaustive account of the morphology of the
various species of Chaetomium accompanied by very beautiful
illustrations in Entwickelungsgeschichte der Ascomyceten ; Chaeto-
mium, a Acta der Ksl. Leop.-Carol, Deutschen Akademie
der Naturforscher, Band xlii., no. 5.

Key To THE SPECIEs.
Crown-hairs spirally coiled throughout their length—

All the crown-hairs spirally coiled ... .» C. bostrychodes.
Straight hairs mixed with others that are spirally coiled
: - crispatum.

Crown-hairs straight or slightly wavy, circinate at the tip—
Spores 14-18n diam. ... ve fe --» C. murorum.
Spores 7-9. diam... oot .» C. arachnoides.

Crown-hairs with an interrupted spiral, turning alternately to
left and right ... wee Sie ic oi C..stinile,

Crown-hairs slightly wavy throughout their length C. Kunzeanum.
Crown-hairs straight, branched—
Perithecium elongated, sub-cylindrical .. C. comatum.
Perithecium broadly elliptical or sub-globose C. pannosum,
Chaetomium bostrychodes, Zopf, Entwickel. d. Ascomyceten, p. 81,
tab. 7, figs. 14-28 (1881); Sacc., Syll., 1, p. 224 (1883).
Perithecium narrowly elliptical, or sometimes almost cylindrical,
320-3504 high, 200-2401 broad, brown; mouth small, papillate,
almost colourless; crown-hairs rather stout, septate, slightly asperate,
closely coiled into a long, cylindrical spiral up to the end, collec-
tively forming a large, subglobose tuft ; hairs on the body of the
perithecium short, straight, sharp-pointed, blackish, at first spreading,
then pointing upwards ; rhizoids not very numerous. Ascz clavate,
50-55 x 1l-l4u. Spores irregularly 2-seriate, broadly elliptical,
laterally compressed, smooth, olive-brown, 6-7°5 x 5u. Conidia
unknown.
Hap.—On decaying plant and animal remains, dung, &c. On
blotting-paper in a Petri dish, Jodrell Laboratory, Kew.
_ Most closely allied to C. spirale, Zopf, which differs in its larger
size, and lemon-shaped, larger spores,

163

Chaetomium crispatum, Fuckel, Symb. Mycol., p. 90 (1871).
Sacc., Syll., 1, p. 224 (1882) ; Zopt, Entwickel. d. Ascomyceten,
p. 81, tab. Xs figs. 1-13 (1881),

the whole forming a dark, slits phe head ; hairs on the body of
the “piithdenats short, pointed, straight, dark-coloured. Aseci
cylindrical, averaging 100 x 10u ores 1-seriate, broadly ellip-

a compressed, olive-brown, 12-14 x 10u. Contdza unknown.
B.—On decaying potato tubers, on dung, &c. On old damp
blotihipasi paki in a Petri dish, Jodrell Laboratory, Kew.

Readily recognised by the éylindvical ascus, l-seriate spores, and
the crown-hairs being of two forms. Most closely allied to
C. spirale, — which differs in the broadly clavate ascus, and
2-seriate spore

Chaetomium murorum, Corda, Icon. Fung., 1, p. 24, fig. 2938
(1837); Sace., Syll. 1, p. 223 (1882) ; Zopt, Entwickel. d. Asco-
myceten, p. 80, tab. 6; figs. 13-20 (1881); Cooke, Hdbk. Brit.
Fungi, 2, p. 653 (1871 ).

Perithecium varying from broadly elliptical to subglobose,
pier 150-2504 high, by 150-200u broad, blackish-brown,

outh minute, paler ; crown-hairs cylindrical, dark coloured, thin,
: slightly wavy throughout their length, and with a small curl at the
tip, often asperate, the whole forming a large, rather loose tuft ;
hairs on the body of the perithecium short, pointed, dark coloured,
often vege Asci broadly clavate, shortly stalked, 80-100
x 1l-14u. Spores 2-seriate, elliptical, minutely apiculate at each
end, dark brown, laterally compressed, 14-18 x 8-9u. Conidia
unknown

Has. 2a old damp plaster, on dung, &c. On old rice paste in
a Petri dish, Jodrell Laboratory, Kew.

Distinguished <i the long, flexuous crown-hairs, with a small,
close curl at the

Chaetomium seiilade Mass. & Salm., in Ann. Bot., 16, p. 71,
pl. 4, figs. 97-103 (1902); Sace., Syll., 17, p. 600 (1905).

Perithecium small, subglobose, blackish, 2004 high by about
1804 broad ; mouth small, papillate, pale ; crown-hairs very long,
slender, wavy, often circinate at the tip, 4-54 thick, smooth, dark
coloured, collectively forming a large, widely spreading tuft ; hairs
on the body of the perithecium ” short, straight, pointed, dark
coloured. Ascus clavate, averaging 36 x 12u. Spores irregularly
2-seriate, broadly elliptical or subglobose, laterally compressed,
yellowish brown, 7-9 x 5-6u. Conidia unknown

Haxs.—On sheep’s dung, and on damp blotting-paper.

Readily distinguished by the very long, flexuous crown hairs,
which are often fasciculate at the base, and more or less circinate at
the tip.

23773 AQ

164

Chaetomium simile, Mass. § Salm., in Ann. Bot., 16, p. 71, pl. 4,
figs. 8-9 (1902); Sacc., Syll., 17, p. 600 (1905).

Perithecium subglobose, 50-75 broad, blackish-brown ; mouth
small, papillate, pale; crown-hairs brown, smooth, loosely and
interruptedly spirally twisted, some coils from left to right, others
in the opposite direction, tips often uncinate, the whole forming a
dense tuft of a dusky olive colour; hairs on the body of the
perithecium short, straight, pointed, brownish. Asei cylindrical,
80-90 x 10u. Spores obliquely 1-seriate, broadly elliptical or
subglobose, compressed, one end minutely apiculate, the other end
rounded, olive-brown, 8-10 x 7*5u. Conidia unknown.

Haxs.—On dogs’ dung.

Most nearly allied to C. crispatum, Fuckel, which differs in
having larger spores, apiculate at both ends, and in the crown-hairs
being more closely spirally coiled throughout their length, and
mixed with other hairs only slightly flexuous.

Chaetomium Kunzeanum, Zopf, Entwickel. d. Ascomyceten, p. 82,
tabs, 1-3, tab. 4, figs, 1-13 (1881).
_ Pertthecium broadly elliptical, dark brown, 300-350 high, about
250u broad ; mouth papillate, pale; crown-hairs very long, wavy,
sometimes with a curl at the tip, stout, dark brown sometimes olive
or yellowish, asperate, collectively forming a large, dense tuft ;
hairs on the body of the perithecium stout, straight, pointed, dark
coloured. Asei clavate, with a stem of variable length, averaging
100 x lly. Spores irregularly 2-seriate, broadly elliptical, laterally
compressed, minutely apiculate at both ends, 11-14 x 8-1Uy, olive-
rown. Conidia are produced on the hyphae of germinating spores,
similar to those described under C. pannosum.

N. Chaetomium chartarum, Ehrb., Sylv. Myc. Berol., p. 27
(1818); Sace., Syll., 1, p. 223 (1882). C. Fieberi, Corda, Icon.
Fung., 1, p. 24, £. 293, ¢ (1837); Sacc., Syll., 1, p. 223 (1882).
C. Fieberi, var. chlorina, Sace., Mich., 1, p. 27 (1877); Sace.,
Syll., 1, p. 233 (1882). CC. chlorinum, Grove, Journ, Bot., 50,
p. 47 (1912).

AB. On damp paper, old cord, decaying vegetable matter, &c.
On old damp blotting-paper in a Petri dish, Jodrell Laboratory,

w. Z
A very yariable species, the extreme forms of which, seen
independently, have been mistaken for distinct species, but which,
when an extensive collection is available, are found to be connected
with each other by intermediate forms.
he colour of the hairs ranges from blackish-brown, through olive
to yellow.

Chaetomium comatum, Fries, Syst. Myc. 3, p. 253 (1829); Sacc.,
PAS p- 221 (1882); Cooke, Hdbk. Brit. Fung.,.2, p. 652

broad, blackish-brown; mouth small, paler; crown-hairs elongated,
straight, stout, blackish, often asperate, with short, pointed,
spreading branches, the whole forming a dense; erect tuft ; hairs on
the body of the perithecium straight, unbranched, pointed, blackish,

165

ascending; rhizoids present. Asc? cldvate; shortly stalked 40-55
x 14-l6u. Spores irregularly 2-seriate, broadly eins emi J
compressed, smooth, brown with an olive tinge, 10-13 x

According to F uckel, Sporodum conopleoides, Sieh is the
conidial form of this species. This suggestion however turns on
the frequent contiguity of the two forms, and remains to be
corroborated or otherwise, by pure cultures.

Syn. Chaetomium elatum, Kunze, Deutschl. Schwimme, No. 184
(1837); Zopf, Entwickel. d, Ascomyceten, p. 83 (1881). C. Fieberi,
Fuckel, Symb. Myc. p. 90 (1869-70). C. lageniforme, Corda, Icon.
Fung., P. 24, tab. 7, fg. 2934 (1837). C. atrum, Tul., Sel. Fung,
Carp., 2 ep "268 (186 B20. (si tie Cooke, Grev. lyeps 126
(hep Sace. Syll., 1, p. 226 (1882

Has. Frequent on damp straw and decaying vegetable matter
of all kinds, also on dry dung. On damp blotting-paper in a Petri
dish in the Jodrell Laboratory, Kew

Distinguished by the pongatedy narrowly elliptical perithecium,
and the branched crown-hairs

Chaetomium pannosum, Walbr., Flor. Crypt. Germ., 2, p. 267
(1831); Sacc., Syll. 1, p. 221 (1882); Zopf, Entwickel. d.
Ascomyceten, p. 80, tab. 4, figs. 14—26. tab. 5, figs. 1-11 (1881).

Perithecitum relatively large, broadly elliptical, blackish-brown,
400-5004 high, 300” broad; mouth papillate, pale ; crown-hairs
stout, dark brown, asperate, angularly bent and giving off stout,
straight, pointed branches from the outer angles, the whole forming
a large dense tuft; hairs on the body of the perithecium dark
coloured, short, stout, pointed; rhizoids well developed. Ascus
clavate, with a pedicel of variable length, 90-100 x 17-21p.
Spores irregularly 2-seriate, ade apiculate at each end, com-
pressed, 10-15 x 9-10u, olive-br

According to Zopf, the spores Of this species on germination
form chains of minute globose conidia produced at the tips of short
lateral branches. These chains collapse and form a spherical head
involved in mucus, which remains attached for some time to the tip
of the branch,

Chaetomium indicum, rie Icon. Fung., 4, p. 38, fig. 104 (1840);
Sace., Syll., 1, p. 222 (1882).

This species has been met with at Kew, on damp a paper
from India, but cannot be considered as a British species

CERATOSTOMA AND Myxorricuum.
ratostoma Notarisii, Sacc., Fung. Ven. Ser. ii., p. 308. Thi
species is remarkable for the very long beak to the perithecium.
It occurred abundantly on damp plotti ting-paper, and on dam
cotton-wool, in Petri dishes in the Jodrell Laboratory.
Myxotrichum spinosum, Mass. and Salm. in Ann. Bot. xv1., p. 64,
On decaying bark, in a Petri dish, Jodrell Gaboners:

DousrFuL SPECIEs.

Chaetomium griseum, Cooke in Grev. 1, p. 175 (1873); Sace.,
Syll. 1, p. 226 (1882).

166

Subgregarious or scattered, grey or cinereous, perithecium
globose, brown, Sabuitenbrinendoue $ ; hairs long, elastic, circinate,
pellucid, faintly and very rarely septate. Asci clavate, fasciculate ;
sporidia lemon-shaped, colourless; endochrome granular, or
nucleate.

Has. On old sacking, King’s Lynn (C. B. Plowright). On
old rag and paper, Highgate (IM. C. Cooke).

The threads somewhat conta ere of Chaetomium murorum,
but are stouter, less rigid, and more transparent, the sporidia are
peek ~ ager 0004-" 0006 x < 00025- 00035 in.)="013-017 x
*006—

No ite specimen exists, and judging from the above description,
which is Cooke’s original ‘account of the fungus, the species 1s not
likely to be recognised again. Furthermore, if the spores are
delat dia the fungus cannot be a Chaetomium.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE.

Figs. 1-4 ; Chaetomium crispatum; 1, perithecium ; 2, the two
) of crown-hairs ; 3, ascus; 4, spores.

Fig. 5; Chaetomium murorum

Figs. é- 8; Chaetomium ee 6, perithecium ; 7, tip of a
crown-hair ; 8, spore

Figs. 9-10; chen vaans steele 9, perithecium; 10,
showing habit of fungus,

Figs. 11-12; Chaetomium Saat ; dl, perithecium ; 12, ascus.

Fig. 13, Chaetomium bostrychodes.

Figs. 14-18; Ceratostoma Notarisii; 14, perithecium; 15,
perithecium after the spores have been ejected from the
perithecium and held in a mass by the crown-hairs; 16,
mouth of perithecium with reduced crown-hairs ; 17, ascus ;
18, portion of crown

Figs. 19- 20; Myzxotrichum spinosum ; 19, perithecium; 20,
network covering peritheciu

Fig. 10, nat. size, the remainder pial

ee —- VISIT TO THE WEST INDIES

Fisheries, and I was doumed to attend the Conference as the
Representative of the Royal Botanic Gardens.

e passage to the West Indies was made with the other British
Delegates* m the R.M.S.P. “Arcadian,” leaving England on

A. K. Marshall, Scientific Secretary, Entomological Research
Comm ittee, "Colonial Office ; Messrs. J. W. McConnell and W. Marsland, British
Cotton Growing Association, and damn: C. Sandbach Parker and E. R. ‘Davso vson,
West India Committee.

167

of the Conference in a visit to Palmiste, the estate of Mr. Norman
Lamont, and in camping out in the “ High Woods” of Morne
L’Enfer in the southern part of Trinidad.

Owing to the forethought and kindness of the Imperial Commis-
sioner of Agriculture, President of the Conference ; the Director
of Agriculture and the local committee in Trinidad ; the Director
of the Local Department of Agriculture, Barbados, and the
Agricultural Superintendents and Curators of Botanic Stations,
and many others in the islands visited, my stay in the West
Indies was rendered particularly pleasant and profitable. My best
thanks are due to all those who spared themselves no trouble in
enabling me to utilise the short time at my disposal to the greatest
advantage. It was with much regret that, owing to the shortness
of time at my disposal, I was unable to accept a pressing invitation
to pay a visit to British Guiana.

BARBADOS,

We were met on arrival at Barbados by Dr. Watts, and later
Mr. Bovell and Sir Frederick Clarke, President of the Agricultural
Society, came to take us ashore. The day was spent under their
kindly auspices, in visiting cotton ginneries and the offices and
experimental grounds of the Local Department of Agriculture.

n the return voyage Dr. Watts conducted us over the offices of
the Imperial Department of Agriculture and afterwards through
the kindness of Mr. Collymore, took us for a motor car drive of
some forty-five miles around the southern and south-eastern end of
the island in the course of which the sugar mill at Spencers was
visited and a very interesting general idea of the island and its
extensive cultivation was obtained.

Cotton—There are two flourishing Cotton ginneries situated in
Bridgetown, one with three gins belonging to Mr. Thornton and
the other, the co-operative factory, where about a dozen gins were
working. Cotton of very good quality was being ginned at both
factories and the work was being done on similar lines in each place.
The cleaned seeds were also dealt with and after being crushed and
heated the mass was pressed to extract the oil. The resultant oil

168

various processes connected with the cotton industry are of
particular interest since there is not a particle of waste material left
over in the factory.

At the co-operative factory I had the further interest of seeing
the cotton being baled by a powerful hydraulic press and the sewing
up of the bales and the binding with steel hoops.

Under the guidance of Mr. Bovell the Experiment Station of the
Local Department of Agriculture was then visited and the various
plots of sugars, cotton, yams, &c., were examined, Among the cottons
a good variety found near a native hut was being used for selection
purposes and we were also shewn some diminutive plants as well as
some tall specimens the offspring of a self-fertilized hybrid. Large
numbers of sugar cane seedlings in the nursery were also examined. |
The gardens in and around Bridgetown were gay with Caesalpinia
pulcherrima, Bougainvillea, Hibiscus, &c., and at Mr. Bovell’s

ouse a Beaumontia was in full flower, as fine a sight as a great
white Himalayan Rhododendron. The small proportion of uncul-
tivated and uncultivable land in Barbados as well as the dense
population are the remarkable features of the island. Tilled ground
planted with sugar, cotton, maize, and Guinea grass, stretches away
on all sides, and around the native huts appear small patches of other
produce such as tanias, yams, okras, cassava and papaws.

piesa behind. This sugar which is quite dry is then bagged for
ex

internodes. In the case of a long-cultivated variety such, for
instance, as “ White Transparent,” it is often found in Barbados

can
discarded before planting as no shoots can be developed from them,

169

The damage done by cane borers to the stools and roots of the
canes was very marked in passing through the cane fields, both in the
yellow colour of the leaves and the lack of vigour of the plants in
fields badly attacked. It seems probable from specimens preserved
in the offices of the Imperial Department of Agriculture that the
beetle which is reported to be doing so much damage to sugar canes
in Mauritius occurs in Barbados and may have been carried from the
West Indies, but in Barbados apparently the damage which can be
traced to its larvae is not very appreciable.

he sea coast of Barbados on the N.E. by Bathsheba is of con-
siderable beauty and affords a striking contrast to the main mass of
the densely cultivated portion of the Island,

Tue Winpwarp IsLAnps AND DomINIGA.

On the outward journey Trinidad was reached on January 16th
in the morning. The view of Trinidad and of the Bocas Islands
with the outline of the Venezuelan mountains dimly seen through
the early morning mist has often been described and is of remarkable
beauty. The day was spent in Port of Spain where we were met
on arrival by Mr. Freeman and in the course of the day I met most
of the Officers of the Department and of the Board of Agriculture.
After being very kindly received by His Excellency the Governor,
I visited the Botanic Gardens with Dr. Watts, and later in the
afternoon embarked on the R.M.S. “ Balantia” for the Northern
Islands. Owing to the kind arrangements made by Dr. Watts I
was able to utilise the short time available in each island to the best
advantage.

GRENADA.

Grenada was reached soon after six a.m. on Wednesday,
January 17th, and Mr. Auchinleck took me across the bay in the

overnment cutter to the Botanic Garden. The situation of
_ St. George’s, with its almost circular harbour is one of the most
beautiful in the West Indies. The Botanic Garden is a charming
spot prettily laid out and contains many fine specimens of exotic
trees and palms. Here, as elsewhere, in West Indian Botanic
Gardens the visitor receives a shock to his ideas about geographical
distribution until he realises that the native vegetable products are
almost unrepresented and that the plants around him have largely
come from the Tropics of the old world. Kew no doubt is largely
answerable for this condition of affairs and though by her intro-
duction of the finest products of the Hast she has certainly added
enormously to the beauty of West Indian gardens, yet one cannot
but feel that the neglect of the native vegetation is to be regretted.

An addition to the Grenada Botanic Garden in the shape of a

ermit. Not only is the garden a charming spot both by reason of

purpose as a centre for the growing of economic plants for distri-
bution. One small tree is kept as a home for scale insects and their

170

parasitic fungus, Cephalosporium lecanit, and the leaves are
distributed over the island in order to spread the fungus which has
resulted in keeping the Lecanium scale in check.

Useful work is being done in connection with the peasant agri-
culture by giving instruction in the country and by the establishment
of small experimental plots as object lessons in different parts of the
island. In this way it is hoped, not without reason, to raise the
standard of the cultivation of the peasants’ small holdings which
are a very important feature of the conditions which prevail in
Grenada. Ten thousand, three hundred acres are in the hands of
peasant proprietors holding ten acres or less while 64,200 acres are

held in estates or holdings of over ten acres.

Str. VINCENT.

Owing to the lateness of the hour at which the steamer arrived at
St. Vincent on the outward journey and the early arrival and short
stay on the return voyage, I was unfortunately unable to get ashore
to visit the Botanic Station. The noble bay, with its forest-clad
mountains and Georgetown half hidden among the trees and palms
forms a view of great beauty from the steamer.

In St. Vincent the cotton industry is being conducted by Govern-
ment on successful lines. The Government owns the Central
Ginnery and purchases the cotton from the peasants, and the work
is largely in the hands of the Agricultural Superintendent. In’
addition to this work and the care of the Botanic Station, there is
the advisory work connected with the estates which entails a con-
siderable amount of travelling about the island.

_Here, as elsewhere, in the West Indies the multiplicity and
diversity of the work which devolves upon the agricultural super-
intendents or curators strikes the visitor with surprise which is
increased when it is seen how efficiently the various duties are
performed. ;

St. Luca.

St. Lucia was reached in the early morning and we berthed
alongside for coaling. Castries being an important coaling station,
has its beauty somewhat marred in consequence and the compara-
tively high wages which can be obtained from coaling operations
render the natives indolent in agricultural matters. Here we
were met by Dr. L. Nicholls and taken across a piece of low-lying
ground to the Botanic Station which is partly situated on a
reclaimed swamp at the end of the harbour. The situation is by no
means a good one, but the gardens have risen superior to the site
and possess several attractive features. Soon after my arrival I
was met by Mr. Moore, who took me all over the station. The
garden contains a good and interesting collection of exotic plants
and a good nursery stock of economic plants for distribution. The
nutmegs in full fruit, just bursting and exposing the crimson mace
were among some of the most beautiful objects in the garden. The
garden affords a fine spot on one side for a collection of West
Indian ferns, but the funds at the disposal of the station are
insufficient to allow of expenditure on the formation of collections
of purely botanical interest.

171

Before rejoining the steamer a visit was paid to the market where
a fair collection of native-vegetables was displayed for sale, but
owing to the time of year few fruits were being offered.

a time unfortunately prevented a visit to Union where
Mr. Brooks is in charge of the experiment station of some ten to
fifteen acres in extent. The cultivation in the island is mainly in
the hands of small peasant proprietors whom it is found difficult to
rouse to any great energy.

On the return journey we arrived at Castries after dark and in
the rain, so that no more could be seen of the island, and it was
unfortunate that the famous Pitons of St. Lucia were not visible
owing to our passing them at night both on the northward and
southward voyages.

MARTINIQUE.

We passed sufficiently close to the northern end of Martinique to
examine with the aid of glasses the condition of St. Pierre and the
slopes of Mt. Pelee which had been swept by the eruption of 1902.
The contrast between the appearance in 1903 when I landed
near St. Pierre and went all over the site of the town and the
condition of the spot in January last was very striking. The site
of the town is now covered with vegetation, some plants being of a
considerable height, and the slopes of the mountain itself are almost
equally green. The deep cafion-like gorges cut by the water
courses through the consolidated voleanic ash, however, are clearly
visible with their barren grey cliffs and there are some delta-like
patches of grey ash, probably washed down by the torrents, which
were equally barren. Already some houses have been erected on
the old site and the remains of the cathedral appeared to have been
restored.

he changes brought about by time are doubtless quite
comparable to those which have taken place on the Soufriere of
St. Vincent recently described by Sands.*

DomINICA.

At Roseau I was met by Mr. J. Jones, Curator of the Botanic

* W. Ind. Bull., vol. xii, No. 1, 1912, pp. 22-33.

172

Indian Islands. It has a remarkable air of spaciousness, for the
specimens are not crowded and a great deal of the charm of

tree of the West African Batkiea insignis, with its striking white
flowers, there was very little in the way of floral display. The
experimental plots are conveniently placed along the valley, and as
they are screened by a hedge do not interfere with the landscape
effects of the garden.

Cacao.—The Cacao-grafting experiments, which have been carried
out with such success by Mr. Jones, were of particular interest.
The trees as yet are young but I was particularly struck by their low

rowing and spreading habit in contrast to the more fastigiate
character of the bushes raised from seed. The grafted plant is
produced from a lateral branch scion and may be compared in its
growth form to a broad-based cone standing on its base, while the
seedling resembles rather a cone standing on its apex. The grafted
tree would appear to offer several advantages over the seedling,
though it is sometimes asserted that we are not yet in a position
fully to realise the value of grafting. (1) It makes it possible to have
a plantation devoted to one variety of Cacao alone. ‘This is a matter
of considerable value since uniformity in the beans brought in for
curing could be secured and a uniform product should result. At
present, owing to the mixed crop comprising beans of different
varieties, a good deal of difficulty is experienced in adjusting the
time of fermentation and regulating the drying and curing processes,
and as a consequence uniformity of the sample is often lost. (2) B
using different varieties for grafting it would be possible to arrange a
succession of plots ripening at different times and also the crop time
might be slightly lengthened. (3) The habit of growth of the
plant tends to shade the ground and so to prevent loss of water b
evaporation. It would appear as far as can be seen that the picking
of the pods would be a much easier process than it is in the case of the
higher branches of the tall trees grown from seedlings, and that
therefore injury from bad picking should be reduced to a minimum.

The question of “shade” or “ no shade” for Cacao does not appear

lines a useful variety may result. The value of mulch for Cacao
BE crops was also well demonstrated in the experimental

173

Cacao is grown up to about 1500 ft. on the sides of the valley
and the plantations contain all types of Calabash and Forastero. The
value of mulch for the health and vigour of the trees is constantly
advocated by the officers of the station, and its effect in the island is

training of bo oys which is here carried out in a very efficient
manner, ed a small number sufficient to meet the demand for
overseers, etc., on estates are taken and they receive a sound
practical and theoretical training.

Thanks to the kindness of Mr. G. A. Jones, who accompanied
me, I was able to see as much as possible of the natural vegetation
of the island by riding up to the heads of two of the beautiful
valleys near Roseau. The luxuriance of the vegetation and its
diversity are particularly striking, as well as the fact that the flora
of each valley appears to be distinct in many important features.
The tree ferns, twenty feet or more high, lend a peculiar charm to
the scene in the higher parts of the valley, and one’s pleasure was
increased on ports Utricularia montana in flower on the banks at
the top of the

A ver ead ah idea of the ee: side of the island was
obtained on the voyage to Portsmouth in the R.M.S.P. coasting
eb “ Yare,” which I made in company oe Mr. J. Jones and

H. Alford Nicholls. The steamer keeps so close in that the
does can easily be studied through field glasses and the xerophytic
vegetation of the cliffs with Furcraeas, Mamillarias and species of
Cereus as well as the components of the forest-clad hills can penly
be distinguished and species in many cases identified, Some brown
savannah-like areas are in striking contrast to the densely forested
hills and are no doubt due, as Dr. Nicholls has pointed out, to the
wanton destruction of forest and repeated burning which has led to
extensive denudation of the soil. Portsmouth at the northern end of
the island has a good harbour, which, however, is sapere to the
south-west, and will.no doubt eradually become a plac
At present it is not a healthy spot owing to sh eats lagoons and
swampy ground behind the town through which the Indian River
runs. Since the bar at the mouth of the river has been removed and
a properly arranged breakwater constructed, by the Dominica Forests
Company which is exploiting the forests, conditions have been
improved and a lowering of the water-level in the lagoons to the
extent of about a foot has resulted.

Forests—The forests on the hills near the town are now being
worked for timber and a considerable trade in lumber is in
progress. Unfortunately I was unable to visit the forests, but
according to the “Memorandum on the Crown Lands in
Dominica” presented by Mr. J. Jones to the Conference, and
from what I was told in the Island, it is otnasdensd that the Crown
has made all necessary reservations in connection with the rights

*

174

over 12,500 acres of forest land which have been recently granted
to the Dominica Forests Company. River banks and watersheds are
properly reserved and there are also large areas of the steep mountain
sides impossible for plantations, but there is no Forest Officer in the
island and we are in great measure ignorant of the trees composing the
forests. It would seem therefore to be a matter of prime importance
that the forests should be examined by a fully qualified officer and
that regulations should be laid down as to the type and number of
trees that may be cut and as to the proper age for cutting.
Reserves also should be made, it would appear, not so much on
general principles but rather in accordance with the character of
the country on the results of a botanical survey, for it must be
realised by anyone familiar with the island that its economic welfare
is largely bound up with the proper conservation of the forests.

Our knowledge of the flora of Dominica is far from perfect, and

that it may not be long before the flora and fauna of the island are
earefully studied, a task which would be arduous, owing to the
many mountains and numerous steep valleys, but would certainly
yield results of great scientific interes
Limes.—The principal industries of Dominica are the growing of
Limes and Cacao. Rubber is being planted on estates in some parts
of the island and there is a certain amount of cultivation in coffee,
sugar, vanilla and minor products. The Lime industry appears to
e in a flourishing condition and trees were very free from scale and
blight largely owing to good cultivation. The lime juice is extracted
and éoncentrated in the island before exportation. Before the limes
are carted to the factory the oil is expressed from the rind by hand,
and it is a common sight to see negro women sitting by the side of the
path with an Iquelle, a small copper vessel like a cullender, at their
side in which the lime is rubbed with the hand until all the oil is
pressed out. The oil is collected into a vessel and the limes are at

size of the fruits no doubt presents considerable difficulties. The
women are able to deal with an enormous number of limes per day.

Owing to the difficult nature of the country and the loose volcanic
rock of which much of the island consists and the heavy rainfall,
the making of roads is a difficult task, and except on the flat land
neat Roseau there are no roads for wheeled traffic. Bridle paths
leading through scenes of great beauty wind up the valleys and
connect villages and estates, but transport is in consequence difficult
and costly. Much land in the centre of the island, though suitable
for cultivation, cannot be taken up owing to the lack of proper means
of communication. —_-

Museum.—At Roseau I was very kindly received by the Adminis-
trator and was taken by him to see the recently formed Museum, the
success of which is largely owing to his great personal interest. The
Museum had only been open to inspection for about three months,

and the collections were necessarily small though very interesting in

175

character, Both in quality and arrangement they reflect the
greatest credit on Dr. Nicholls, Mr. Agar and Mr. Jones, who are
primarily responsible for the foundation of the Museum. Dr.
Nicholls has lent his collection of Carib stone implements, which is
probably unique in its size and variety, Mr. Agar has collected and
arranged a large number of entomological specimens which should
form the nucleus of an important collection, and the botanical exhibits
are due to the activities of Mr. Jones.

Such a voluntary effort as the formation of this Museum deserves
every encouragement, for there can be no doubt that as the col-
lections increase and are accurately determined the value of the
Museum to the community will be inestimable.

It was with many regrets that [ had to turn my back on Dominica,
which offers so stimulating a field to the naturalist owing to our
comparative ignorance of its fauna and flora and which in addition
possesses tropical scenery of such singular beauty.

TRINIDAD.
The Agricultural Conference.

Trinidad was reached in the early morning of January 23rd
from the Northern Islands by the R.M.S. “ Balantia,” with a
goodly company on board bound for the Conference. Kew was
well represented by the Agricultural Superintendents, Curators of
Botanic Stations, and Agricultural Instructors from the various
islands. Soon after coming to anchor off Port of Spain we were met
by the Colonial Secretary, the Hon. S. W. Knaggs, Mr. Freeman,
Assistant Director of Agriculture, and Mr. Tripp, Secretary of
the Agricultural Society, representing the local Reception Com-
mittee, and taken ashore in the Jaunch, picking up the Delegates
from British Guiana and Barbados from their respective ships on
our way.

The Conference was declared open at 1.30 in a speech of welcome
from His Excellency the Governor, Sir George R. Le Hunte,
G.C.M.G. The President then delivered his address, and was
followed by Professor Carmody, who gave an account of agricultural
progress in Trinidad and Tobago. A Reception at Government
House by His Excellency and evening lectures completed the first
day’s work.

As the Proceedings of the Conference will be published in full in
the West Indian Bulletin, I do not propose to give any detailed
account of the papers and discussions. Our time was well arranged,
and a great deal of work of a very interesting character was done
during the week that the Conference was sitting.

Early morning demonstrations from 7.30 to 8.30 at the St. Clair
experiment station formed some of the most interesting and useful
features of the Conference. Mr. Guppy demonstrated his methods
of trapping Cacao beetles by using pieces of branches of the wild
chataigne, Pachira aquatica, a tree which is very attractive to the
beetles, and he pointed out the danger of growing it near a Cacao
plantation. Then followed a demonstration by Mr. Rorer on the
spraying of Cacao, showing the value of different types of nozzle ;
suitable forms of apparatus for use on hilly plantations were also

176

the latex and smoking the rubber were also explained. This
demonstration was of particular interest in connection with a very
able lecture on Rubber Cultivation delivered by Dr. Cramer,
Director of Agriculture, Surinam, whose presence at the Conference
as representative of Surinam was highly appreciated. Dr. Cramer
drew upon his wide experience of rubber cultivation in Java and
spoke strongly against the policy of clean weeding except in very
exceptional situations. The necessity of a covering to the ground
on hillside plantations was forcibly insisted upon, as also the
necessity of liberal mulching, and there can be no doubt from what
I was able to see of Cacao plantations in Dominica and Trinidad
that the same remarks undoubtedly hold good in the case of Cacao.

The subjects for discussion at the Conference were allocated to

a few of the members of the Conference. In the course of the
discussion I was glad to have the opportunity of expressing the
very favourable opinion I had formed of the value of Mr. Jones’

177

bee: with grafted Cacao and pointed out the advantages which
ight be cing were from the adoption of this method on a large
seale, (See p.

Professor lasticn exhibited a series of beautifully executed
water-colour drawings by Miss van Nooten of the pods of the
different varieties of Cacao from trees cultivated by the
Department of Science and Agriculture, British Guiana, which are
to be presented to the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and will form
a valuable addition to the standard spe of illustrations of the
different types of Cacao in cultivatio

Some interesting Cacao pods of the Forastero type were shown
at the Agricultural Show by Mr. R. S. Reid of King’s Bay,
Tobago, and have since been presented by him to Kew. They
were obtained from plants raised from the seeds of trees over
200 years old still growing in Tobago which were probably planted
by Dutch settlers. Mr. Reid writes of the finding of the trees as
ollows :

“In 1906 I went with a native as guide up the Louis D’or River

two miles from King’s Bay, Tobago), for about three miles and
then scrambled up a tributary ravine until the ‘ Woods Cacao’ (as
the rg call it), was reached. There were about a dozen trees
in a clump, surrounded by forest trees, from 50 to 100 feet in
height and the Cacao trees appeared like huge palms with a crest
of branches at the top. Seeds had dropped and the young
seedlings were like fishing rods from 40 to 50 feet long, bare but
for a few leaves on top, A few pods were on the trees—perhaps

pods. Three of these were sent to the late Mr. I. G. Haynes,
St. Clair Avenue, and from bamboo cups he transplanted a number
of the plants in his garden and it was from these trees that the pods
on the Tobago Planters’ Association Stand_at the Exhibition, were
gathered.”

During the Conference week I visited the Government River
Estate with Professor Carmody, Dr. eg and others, and went
through the extensive Cacao plantation

Experiments are being conducted "e to the value of “ Shade”
and “No shade,” and in some cases the treatment seems rather
drastic as the Immortelles, which had been planted fairly thickly

and had formed a regular canopy over the Cacao, had all been
vonseved at once with the result that in such cases the bushes had
suffered to a considerable extent. Gradual removal of shade
does not seem to be attended with harmful results, and if lines of
these trees could be left at frequent intervals to act as wind breaks
it might be found that the rest of the shade could be dispensed with
to advantage.

On Lord Glenconner’ ‘ estate at Ortinola which I had the good
fortune to visit under the guidance of Mr. W. J. Bain, I noticea
comparatively little sine but such shade trees as were grown were
lopped freely for mulch. A free growing i rm tree without
prickles on the stem would be the most useful kin tree for the
purpose of affording partial shade as well as ‘tik r providing
mulch, The River Estate plantations are mainly on flat or gently

23773 B

178

sloping land, but at Ortinola much of the land is on steep hillsides.

he value of mulching was thoroughly appreciated both at River
Estate and Ortinola, but its importance on the latter plantation was
particularly noticeable.

The cultivation at Ortinola was very good and the general health
and fruiting of the trees was in striking contrast to those on the
adjoining estate. Mulches of all kinds, such as Heliconias, grasses,
branches of shade trees, etc., were freely used and the effect on the
soil was most noticeable. Under the mulch it was soft and friable
with the Cacao roots pushing up into it, while at the sides of the
drains it was a stiff clay. The important part played by earth-
worms in these tropic soils is very marked and their value was fully
recognised,

. Clean weeding is not practised, but on the other hand a covering
of weeds, ferns Tradescantias, etc., is encouraged especially on the
steep slopes, and such weeds are mown over from time to time.
The Cacao hulls are limed and covered over with leaves and in
course of time also serve as manure. he crop at Ortinola was a
remarkably fine one and few sights of the kind are more beautiful
than that presented by an extensive view in a Cacao plantation
where the stems and branches are thickly covered with the rich
crimson or golden-yellow pods, where the eye gets lost among the
maze of laden stems and branches stretching away beneath the
canopy of foliage.
nother question which exercises the minds of Cacao planters is
that of “chupons,’ whether one, two, several or none should be
allowed to grow. The “chupon” is a strong shoot such as we
welcome in a rose tree for instance, and may spring from below the
ground or from the main stem or from a branch, At River Estate
there are plots occupied by fairly old trees where one, two, three or
more chupons are being allowed to grow and a plot where all
chupons are removed is also kept under observation, The results
will be published in course of time, but from what could be seen at
the Government plantations, Ortinola and elsewhere, it would
appear that no hard and fast rule can be laid down on the subject
and that the condition of each individual tree must be taken into
consideration before deciding whether it may be necessary to
encourage the growth of one or more chupons and as to which
should be allowed to grow to the best advantage. In the case of an
old tree whose stem has largely lost the power of producing flower
pis it 18 obviously sound policy to encourage the vigorous
chupon” and in course of time to allow it to replace the parent
tree entirely. Similarly the “chupon” may be encouraged where it is
rg eaw to replace a broken branch or to fill up the leaf canopy

The fermentation, drying and polishing of the Cacao was also
seen at River Estate; the latter process is delightfully primitive,
being effected by the coolies and negroes who dance on the beans
with bare feet in the blazing sun on the top of the drying sheds.
A certain amount of clay is mixed with the beans before the
dancing commences and the polishing, which cannot apparently be
done by machinery, tends to preserve the beans and also enhances

their value on the market. . By some claying is prot considered

179

‘necessary, but by others its value for the preservation of the beans
is held to be all important. The polishing process takes from ten
to twenty minutes. Owing to the different varieties.of Cacao in
Trinidad both of Calabash, Forastero and Criollo, which may be
growing in the same plantation, a very mixed sample of beans may
be brought in and this adds considerably to the difficulties of
properly regulating the fermentation and may often result in
spoiling somewhat the grade of the product. lantations true to
type would be of immense benefit to the industry, but except by
grafting such an end does not appear to be possible.

Sugar—This proved to be an inexhaustible subject of discussion,
such well-worn topics as the value of seedling canes over the Bourbon
and White Transparent varieties receiving their due share of atten-
tion. The possibility of making experiments on Mendelian lines with
Sugar cane was raised by Mr. South, who presented a paper on

experiments, but nevertheless both as regards Sugar and Cotton it
would seem highly desirable that Mendelian experiments should be
started on a proper basis. An experimental station would have to
be established and equipped with duly qualified officers, who should
be allowed to pursue their investigations and researches without the
distractions of advisory and routine work and without fear of
constant interruption from members of the commercial community
eager for results.

At present, therefore, the methods of selection now in operation
must be continued though no fixity of type can be assured.
Nowhere are such experiments being conducted with greater care
than in British Guiana, and the work of the Agricultural
Department in that Colony is deserving of the highest praise.

A series of beautiful water-colour drawings by Miss van Nooten

future as a record of varietal characters.

Mr. Urich dealt with the various insect pests and pointed to the
need of co-operation between Demerara and the Islands, with
regard to investigations in connection with the encouragement of
natural enemies and the application of remedial measures, a

* Ina paper presented to the Conference Mr. Sahasrabudde put forward the
view, as the result of his investigations, that the different types of axillary buds
offered a useful character for classifying sugar cane varieties, but the hypothesis
did not appear to be sufficiently well proved though it may be found eventually
to be capable of application.

23773 B2

180

suggestion which is equally applicable to questions affecting
diseases due to Fungi, and one from which if adopted excellent
results may be anticipated in the future.

Sugar is still the dominant crop of Trinidad, Demerara and
Barbados, and there has been a very large expenditure in the
remodelling of factories and in their equipment with the latest types
of machinery, but on some estates at least it would appear that
greater attention should be given to the improvement of the actual
cultivation of the canes and to questions of crop rotation. These
most important. matters are occupying the serious attention of the
Agricultural Departments and nowhere more so than in British
Guiana, and I gathered, were beginning to receive due consideration
on some of the large estates around San Fernando in Trinidad.

When staying with Mr. Norman Lamont at Palmiste during the
week after the Conference, I paid a visit with him to the Usine

t. Madeleine, a very large factory fitted with all the latest
machinery for the manufacture of sugar. Unfortunately it was not
in working order, but under the guidance of the engineer I made a
thorough examination of the various machines and apparatus
connected with the making of the sugar and also for the distilling

of rum.

On the following day Mr. Lamont kindly took me to see
the smaller factory of Malgré Toute, near Prince’s Town, and I
was able to follow the whole process of manufacture by modern
machinery which afforded considerable contrast to the Muscovado
process seen in Barbados. ere oil fuel was being used in
addition to megass and the use of petroleum will no doubt increase
largely in the course of a few years. The megass will then tend to
become a product, for which there will be no use in the factory,
and already it is being used near Port of Spain for making a goo
tough brown paper, and it may also be found profitable to return it
to th d as manure. Though the season was later than usual
owing to the absence of rain I was fortunate in being able to se
the harvesting of the cane, the preparation of sets for replanting
and the most approved process of sugar manufacture.

The present position and possible improvements in the

ton.—
Cotton industry provided an interesting morning’s discussion,

fibre is common in West Indian Cotton and is a serious defect which
lowers its value. In selecting cottons attention should be devoted to
eliminating those with weak fibres. In the course of the discussion
it was brought out that the condition of the lint depended to some
extent on cultivation and that the proper development of the cotton
was largely a factor of nutrition. In cotton generally there is a
tendency for the lint to be collected at one end of the seed rather

181

Barbados this point received particular attention.

reat deal of careful work is being done in the attempt to
produce better and more stable varieties, and the work of Mr.
Thornton of Tobago is deserving of very high praise. It seems
possible that in course of time it may be found that West Indian
Cotton is amenable to treatment on Mendelian principles as the
work of Leake and Balls tends to prove is the case for the Indian
and Egyptian varieties. Here again there is the need for ascertain-
ing the exact botanical characters of the numerous varieties and o
establishing as soon as may be a definite collection of types for
purposes of reference. At present though much useful work has

fostered in St. Vincent, by Mr. Tempany on the Cotton industry
in the Leeward Islands, and by Mr. Robson on Cotton selection in
Montserrat. .
Rubber. Rubber formed the subject of an early morning demon-
stration at St. Clair, and also occupied the attention of the Conference
during a morning’s sitting. The delegates had the opportunity of
hearing the views of Mr. Pearson, Editor of the “ Rubber World,”
on the subject, and also of Dr. Cramer, whose evening lecture on
Rubber Cultivation, illustrated by a magnificent series of slides,
was very highly appreciated. Para, Ceara, Castilloa and Funtumia
rubbers have been planted in the Islands and in British Guiana, but
according to the general consensus of opinion Para rubber is
the only one likely to prove of commercial importance. The
Central American Castilloa, though it grows vigorously, offers
very serious difficulties in tapping, and there is great uncertainty

182

difficulty of importing seed from the East without definite knowledge
as to the character and latex-producing powers of the trees from
which they have been obtained. There is thus always a danger
that trees which yield seeds quickly may not be the best latex

roducers. Two old trees of true Hevea brasiliensis have recently

een discovered in a wild portion of the Trinidad Botanic Gardens,
and careful experiments as to the latex production of these trees and
of other undoubted Para rubber trees in the experimental plots are
being made so that before long the island will possess accurate data
as to the yield of its own trees from which a supply of seeds will be
available

Despite the somewhat low rainfall of Trinidad, which in the past

year was considerably below the average, Para rubber appears to
flourish, and I saw some promising young trees on one o
Lamont’s plantations at Palmiste. Ceara rubber and the other
Manihot rubbers find but little favour in the West Indies, and it
seems that the rubber industry generally will always be pursued
under more difficult conditions than in the East owing to the lack of
cheap labour and the difficulty of obtaining experienced tappers.

Cocoanuts.—The Cocoanut industry is rapidly rising in importance
as an object of agricultural activity in the West Indies owing to the
good prices which are being realised for nuts and copra. Flourishing

lantations exist on the windward side of Trinidad, and others are
ing established at various places around the coast. At present the
demand for nuts for planting is far in excess of the supply.

The diseases of Cocoanuts due to insects and fungi occupied the
attention of the Conference. The Bud-rot disease described by

r, d\orer is @ serious parasitic disease of bacterial origin and is pre-
valent in Trinidad, and great care is being taken to destroy all trees
affected by the disease. Mr. Urich dealt with the numerous insect

sts, the most serious being the beetles which bore into the stems.

nsects no doubt also aid in the dissemination of the Bud-rot fungus.
Manurial experiments with Cocoanuts have been started under the
control of the Board of Agriculture in Trinidad and Tobago but no
results have yet been published.

An account was also given by Messrs. Tempany & Jackson of the

183

An object of particular interest which was shown at the Confer-
ence by Professor Harrison was the first fruit of the Coco-de-mer
of the Seychelles which has ripened on the young plants in the
Botanic Gardens at Georgetown, Demerara,* raised by Mr. Waby.

Other industries to which the attention of the Congress was
directed were as follows :— ,

Limes, which are a staple industry in Dominica and are now
becoming a crop of importance in Antigua.

Sweet Potatoes—— This product formed the subject of a useful paper
by Mr. Robson in which he dealt with the attempts he has made
to classify the varieties of sweet potatoes in Montserrat. ‘The paper
was illustrated by a large number of specimens illustrating the
+ Sega characters ‘of foliage and tuber on which the classification
is based,

Mycology and Entomology. A committee was appointed consisting
of the scientific officers in the various colonies with Mr. Marshal
and myself as members under the Chairmanship of Mr. Marshall to
consider questions relating to difficulties connected with the nomen-
clature and identification of fungus and insect pests. It was sug-
gested that intercourse between the workers in the different colonies
should be fostered by correspondence and that specimens should be
exchanged in order that agreement may be reached as to their
proper scientific and popular names. Also that in the case of Fungi
specimens should be deposited at Kew and references of any
difficulties should be made to that institution. ‘The Entomological
Research Committee to be the referee for insects. It was further
suggested that facilities should be given for the scientific officers of
the various Agricultural Departments to meet informally in one or
other of the Colonies, and that if possible such meetings should take
place annually. By meetings of this kind and by the interchange
of specimens it was considered that the interests of scientific work
would be furthered and that the spirit of co-operation thus encour-
aged would lead to greater efficiency and usefulness in the Agricul-
tural Departments of the different Colonies. Moreover, such co-
operation should tend to prevent umnecessary overlapping in
mycological and entomological investigations.

An afternoon session was also devoted to the discussion of matters
relating to Agricultural Education, but as this account does not
profess to be exhaustive I must perforce refrain from dealing with
so wide a subject and also from referring to many other matters of
interest which were brought before the Conference.

ForESTRY IN TRINIDAD.

Although Forestry questions were brought to the notice of the
Conference on the last morning, I deal with the subject apart from

* See Kew Bulletin. 1910. p. 256.

184

the Conference as, besides listening to the interesting eg by

Mr. Rogers, the Forest Officer of Trinidad, he most kindly took

me to see his experimental plantation at Arima and also to spend

ie nights in the Forest Reserve of Morne L’Enfer in the southern
ills.

Mr. Rogers is working in Trinidad with only native foremen and
overseers ; but for the carrying out of plantation work and forest
conservation on an adequate scale, there is need of an enlargement
of the European staff.

On the visit to Arima we were accompanied by Mr. Waby, Head
Gardener of the Botanic Garden, Georgetown, Demerara, and muc
appreciated his wide knowledge of the flora. Here as elsewhere
in Trinidad, Cedar (Cedrela odorata, L.), Oyp (Cordia Geras-
canthus, Jacq.), Honduras Mahogany (Swietinia macrophylla, King),
and Poui (Tecoma serratifolia, Don), are the trees most extensively
planted.

Great care is being taken in the matter of seed selection, and the
seed of only those trees which show a clean, straight trunk without
tendency to forking and low branching is used for plantation work.
The young trees I saw in the plantations bore out the wisdom of
policy, as they were in all cases forming vigorous clean main
stems.

Before planting the forest is cleared of useless timber and the young
trees are placed in lines twenty feet apart. The secondary growth
is allowed to spring up between the lines, the young trees being
kept clear. This treatment encourages their proper development
and also the damage from pests and fungi is minimised. The trees
at Arima were either sown at stake or. planted frem nursery beds,
but in both cases the percentage of success was very high.

_ The visit to the forest of Morne L’Enfer was particularly
interesting and it was entirely owing to the kindness of Mr. Rogers,
who altered all his plans, that I was able to spend my last days in
the Island in the heart of the forest. My best thanks are also due
to Mr. Collignon, who was felling Cedar and Balata in the forest,
beneath whose elegant “ Ajoupa ” we had our quarters.

Our way to the forest led across the famous Pitch Lake, so well
described ingsley. A remarkable amount of vegetation
comprising Cashew bushes, ferns and herbaceous plants appears to

growing actually on the surface of the pitch, but is doubtless
rooted into soil which has collected in the cracks and fissures which
occur over the surface of the asphalt. These islands of vegetation
appear in strange contrast to the black waste of pitch. Owing to
the discovery of oil in the heart of the forest a good cart track has
en cut into the Morne L’Enfer Reserve, and we were able to
drive to Mr. Collignon’s Ajoupa in its very midst.
ag eke eke : beautifully constructed shelter roofed with the
soa we He 4 o en “* Sabal Palm. The roof had a wide span
hs racic 4 a ee hammocks beneath its protecting shelter in
th greatest comiort. To add to the enjoyment of the experience

Aigttg he full moon and the scene in the forest at dead of night

Mp ¢ beams of brilliant moonlight here and there piercing the
ense canopy overhead and lighting up the trunk of some great
palm or illuminating the depths of the forest was one not easily to

185

and graceful crowns of leaves. Other palms were abundant, such as
Attaleas loaded with Aroids, the Black Roseau (Bactris) with its
long evil spines, the Carat (Sabai), and in damp places the Timite
(Manicaria) with its seeds closely resembling those of the vegetable
ivory palm. Other beautiful objects were the Browneas in full flower
like a gleam of flame in the somewhat dim light of the forest, and
the scarlet bracts of Warscewiezia coccinea, which almost equalled
the Browneas in glory though they were far less common. g
seedling Cedars were met with occasionally in the forest, but
middle-aged trees were rare.

In the Morne L’Enfer Reserve, though a great deal of felling has
taken place, there has been no attempt made to plant up the clearings,
and the forest is rapidly becoming of less value as a source of timber.
It would not be possible, however, for fresh schemes of planting to
be undertaken without an increase in the Forestry staff. But it
would appear to be sound policy to plant up cleared areas with useful
trees such as Cedar, and so to maintain the forest as a source of
revenue to the Island.

Among other Forestry enterprises which deserve mention are the
Mahogany plantations at River Estate and elsewhere in Trinidad.
The species planted is usually Swietinia macrophylla, but there
appear to be two distinct species grown in the Island in addition
to the native small-leaved West Indian variety. One of these with
leaves intermediate in size between those of the other two species
may possibly be an undescribed form.

186

Logwood is also grown in the Island, and I saw Mr. Lamont’s
flourishing plantation near Palmiste which was a_ particularly
beautiful sight at the time of my visit as many of the trees were in

ull flower and the air was laden with their scent.

ENTERTAINMENTS AND EXCURSIONS.

The Conference by way of properly adjusting the balance between
business and pleasure, and also of giving opportunities for that social
intercourse among its widely-separated members which is one of its
most important functions, indulged in several festive entertainments
and excursions. Most of them, however, were combined with
opportunities for practical instruction and observation.

His Excellency the Governor most kindly entertained the Delegates
at a Reception at Government House and also to dinner.

The Conference dinner was held on the Saturday evening and was
honoured by His Excellency’s presence. It was a great function and
was attended by the members of the Reception Committee and others
in Port of Spain who had done so much to make our visit a success.
In the course of the speeches the thanks of the Delegates for all the
kindness shown to them in Trinidad were suitably expressed.

The excursion to the River Estate has already been mentioned
under the subject of Cacao. Arrangements were made to drive us
to the Estate and from point to point, so that as much as possible
might be seen, and on the return journey we were most kindly
entertained to tea at the Boys’ Reformatory, where we were received
by His Lordship the Bishop of Trinidad, and afterwards shown
over the Institution. The boys were all being taught useful trades
connected with agricultural pursuits and were doing good work, and
the whole of the arrangements of the Institution appeared admir-
able. On the same day other visits were paid to places of interest
near Port of Spain under equally pleasant conditions.

Professor Carmody entertained the Delegates at Government
Farm on the Saturday afternoon and an opportunity was thus
afforded of seeing the Government stock and the various experiments
in progress.

One excursion, however, was unique in character and has no
parallel in the history of these Conferences, By the invitation of
the Hon. Thomas Cochrane we were enabled to visit the Trinidad Oil
Fields at Port Fortin, Guapo, and to see something of the great
possibilities which may be realised by Trinidad as an oil producing
country. His Excellency the Governor was of the party, and we
made our journey to the south end of the Island in the R.M.S.
“ Balantia” which had been chartered by our generous host. On
coming to anchor we were landed in small boats and proceeded to
the wells partly on foot and only partly by the Company’s gaily
decorated railway trucks, owing to certain small accidents which
fortunately had no untoward results. The day was most instructive
and interesting as affording an idea of the great natural resources
of Trinidad in the way of oil; but to the botanist and lover of
things beautiful the tall derricks, often black and slimy with oil,
rising among the wreck of tropical forest, the ground in many places
covered with black petroleum, and the shanties, machine sheds and

187

railway lines suggested the very abomination of desolation standing’
in the place where it ought not.

As one walks in the forest near these oil wells, and also in the
Morne L’Enfer Reserve, dome-like masses of pitch may be met
with, and black oily matter may be seen oozing gently from small
fissures among the shales in the heart of the forest.

It is clear that Trinidad possesses a vast source of mineral wealth
in this southern region, which, provided it can be economically
worked, will prove of immense value to the Colony and to our other
West Indian possessions whose fuel at present is imported coal.

THE AGRICULTURAL SHow.

At the conclusion of the Conference interest in agricultural
affairs was maintained by the Agricultural Show held i
Spain under the auspices of the Agricultural Society, which was
opened by His Excellency the Governor. he Society generously
presented all the Delegates with free passes and invite
special private view of the show, a privilege of which they gladly
availed themselves. I can only allude here to the remarkably fine
exhibits of Cacao from Trinidad and Tobago, to the interesting
collection of Citrus fruits of all varieties shown by the Agricultural
Department, and to the numerous exhibits of native fruits and
vegetables. Mr. Caracciolo had a stall of economic plants and
showed methods of packing. There was also an exhibit of Silk-
worms, and from the flourishing condition of the caterpillars and the
excellence of the silk it would appear that there is no reason on
cultural grounds why this industry should not successfully be
established in the West Indies.

he horticultural side of the show was disappointing and a fine

plant of Coryanthes in flower was the most interesting exhibit.

Tue Botanic GARDENS.

The Botanic Gardens of Port of Spain are so well known and
their beauties have been so often described that it is not necessary
to refer to them in any detail.

The collection. of trees and shrubs contains a great number of
interesting specimens and is especially rich in plants of economic
importance. There are also many trees and shrubs of purely botanical
or horticultural interest and two trees of Amherstia and a very fine
Camoensia, which were in full flower at the time of the Conference,
deserve special mention, as do also the collections of Palms and

amboos.

The situation and natural features of the Gardens are delightful
embracing as they do both hillside and valley with much
uncultivated ground intersected by winding paths. A lack of |
spaciousness and landscape effect is noticeable in certain parts
which prevents many of the fine trees from being seen to their full
advantage. Of these defects Mr. Freeman is fully cognisant and
before long no doubt considerable improvement will be effected.

The Experiment Station at St. Clair close by, which is also
controlled. by the Department of Agriculture, is well stocked with

188

economic plants in experimental plots, and much useful work is
being done not only in the way of testing different varieties, but
also in providing plants for distribution.

In the grounds of the Station is situated the building containing
the Trinidad Herbarium, in which the late Mr. Hart took so keen
an interest; and in the upper rooms the officers of the Board of
Agriculture have their not very spacious headquarters.

CONCLUSION.

The account in the foregoing pages of Botanical and Agricultural
enterprise in some of the West Indian Islands is of necessity but an
impressionist sketch, the result of a hasty visit. Nevertheless, I
venture to think that the impression of sound and useful work
which I gained and which I have attempted to depict is a perfectly
accurate one,

In such a region as the West Indies where the problems awaiting
solution are common to all it is clear that the only sure way to

these officers is of the most varied character, and frequently of a
type of which they have had no previous experience. I found them
acting as buyers and sellers of cotton for Government, as teachers in

‘icultural schools, curators of gardens, devisers of experiments,

189

considerable satisfaction to find that they were fulfilling their
various occupations with great credit to themselves and to the no
small advantage of their respective communities. It would be
invidious to refer to special cases, but it seemed to me that the
valuable services of the Agricultural Officers were not always
properly realised by their respective Governments.

The relationship which has so long existed between Kew and the
West Indies has been a very happy one, and now that I have had
the opportunity of seeing something of the excellent work which is
being done by our men, I can only conclude by expressing the hope
that the West Indies may continue to avail themselves of the help
which Kew is always ready to render.

A. W. HILL.

XIX.—FUNGI EXOTICI : XIII.

Of the eight new Fungi here described, two are considered to be
injurious parasites, Pheangella Heveae is found on the bark of
young Hevea rubber trees in S. Nigeria; and Colletotrichum
necator, received from Mr. Ridley from Singapore, is said to cause
the fruit of pepper to become blackened and shrivelled.

the other species three have been received from Mr. F. Manson
Bailey, Brisbane, and one each from India, Trinidad, and Java.

BASIDIOMYCETES,

fuscidulas eleganter excoriatus, siccus, circa 2 cm. latus. LLamellae
liberae, postice angustatae, ex albo luteolae. Stipes subaequalis,
fistulosus, fibrillosus, pileo concolor, 4-5 cm. longus, 2 mm. crassus,
annulus tomentosus, mox evanidus, Sporae ellipsoideae, hyalinae,

x 4u.

Quran SLAND. Onmanured ground. C. T. White. The specimen
was sent by Mr. F. M. Bailey, accompanied by a coloured figure.

Galera delicatula, Wassee.

Pileus tenerrimus, € convexo expansus usque planus, margine
subrepando, cinnamomeus, primo fibrilloso-villosus, postea squamulis
concoloribus adpressis vestitus, siccus, 1-2 cm. latus. Lamellae
confertae, angustae, adnexae, e pallido cinnamomeo-fulventes, acie
albido-pruinosa. Stipes fistulosus, cylindraceus, glaber, pileo_con-
color, 4-5 em. longus, 2 mm. crassus. Sporae ellipsoideae, utrinque
obtusae, cinnamomae, 15-16 x 7p.

Inpra. District of Dacca: Experimental Farm, in grass,
Burkill, 34,928. :

Allied to Galera vinolenta, Berk., which differs in the vinous
colour of the pileus, and the much smaller spores.

190

ASCOMYCETES.

. Eutypa gigaspora, Masse

Stroma latissime salons: innatum, dein superficiale, scabrum,
extus intusque atrum. erithecia majuscula, ostiolo papillato.
Asci cylindracei, brevissime pedicellati, 200 x 12u, octospori.
Sporae oblique monostichae, elongato-ellipsoideae, rectae vel plus
minusve curvulae, hyalinae, 30-32 x 2 Se

‘ d wood, H. Cara

Allied to Eutypa erumpens, Mass., but eink by the much
larger spores.

Hypospila Eucalypti, Wakefield.

Maculae amphigenae, brunneo-rufae, circa 4 mm. diametro.
Perithecia nigra, irregulariter concentrice disposita, parenchymati
folii immersa, epidermide bullatim inflata obtecta. Asc ellipsoidei,
apice subacuto, incrassato, brevissime pedicellati, 80-85 x 25-28p,
octospori. Sporae tristichae, cylindraceae, utrinque obtusae, leniter
curvulae, guttulatae, dein 1-septatae, 45-50 x

est status conidiiferus; receptacula ut perithecia, conidia
hyalina, elliptica, 5-7 x 1-l'5u.

UEENSLAND. Darra: on leaves of sui aie C..T. White.
Received through Mr. F. M. Bailey.

Pheangella Heveae, Massee.

Ascomata erumpente -superficialia, basi crassa substipitata,
att vel seriatim prego ex urceolata patellato, coriacea,

ide ochracea, 1 mm. diametro. Asci elongato-clavati, octospori,
63 x 9-10u, pa raphysibus obvallati. Sporae distichae, oblongo-
ellipticae, uiringue coo uniseptatae, ad septa non constrictae,
hyalinae, 11-12
S. NigE ERIA. aoe bark of Hevea, Johnson.
Considered an injurious parasite on the bark of young trees.

_Devreromycerzs.

Acervuli. iainesmniennton ‘convexuli, sparsi vel aggregati,
pallidi, 0°5-1'5 mm. lati, epidermide lacerata cincti. Conidia
ellipsoidea, hyalina subinde 2-guttulata, 6-9 x 2- -3q. Basidia
filiformia, hyalina, 6—8u longa.

“gee pr ND. Sp opal Creek : on leaves of Tristania laurina,
Be Br. eceived through Mr, F ey.

‘Distinguished iss all known species by ihe small size and the ~

orm of the conidia.

Colletotrichum necator, Mas
_ Maculae minutae, rellangantoe, Acervuli laxe gregarii, orbiculares,
‘mox erumpentes, 200-250. diametro. Conidia hyalina, subcylin-
Aracea, utrinque obtusa, 20-23 x 5-7u, sterigmatibus cylindraceis
-vel_ sursum attenuatis hyalinis 40-50 x 5u suffulta, Setulae
rere ite Rises cylindraceo-attenuatae, septatae, 100-130 x 4-6u,

Saqiecne On fruit of pepper, Ridley.
Said to cause the fruit to become Sickance and shrivelled.

. Distinguished by its ehakit, and by the few. husse present inter-
mixed with the spores.

191

Excipula nigro-cincta, Massee.
_ Perithecia innato - erumpentia, cupulata, subcoriacea, glabra,
pallida, nigro-marginata, circa 300u diametro. Conidia continua,
ad wee ellipsoidea, 30-35 x 10-12n.

JAV n leaves of Hoya, F. W. Moo

Distinguished from all known species by the pallid disk, surrounded
by a black margin.

~ XX—DIAGNOSES AFRICANAE: XLVII.

1331. Argomuellera sessilifolia, Prain { Kuphorbiaceae-Crotonae];
species ab A. macrophylla, Pax, foliis glabris sessilibus basi rotun-
datis facillime distinguenda.

Fruter vel arbor parva, ramulis fusco-pubescentibus. Folia
sessilia, chartacea, oblanceolato-oblonga, obtuse acuminata apice
mucronulata, a quadrante summo versus basin angustam rotundatam
attenuata, margine minute remote denticulata, utrinque glabra,
35 em. longa, 7-5-9 em. lata; stipulae fusco-pubescentes, lanceolatae,
1-2-1°8 cm. longae. Aacemi ex axillis superioribus plures, 15-22
em. longi, rhachide gracili pubescente ; bracteae patentes, ovatae,
‘acutae; flores glomerulati, glomerulis pores masculos plures femineum
solitarium centralem includentibus. * ¢ Sepala 4 a 3, erecta,

ovato-lanceolata, 3 mm. longa. tamina plurim filamenta
glandulis interstaminalibus apice hirsutis consociata. Be Sepala 6,
rarius 5, distincte 2-seriata, interiora angustiora, ovata, acuta.
Ovarium 3-loculare, pubescens ; styli recurvi, superne intus longit-
rorsum stigmatici, basi connati. Capsula subglobosa, plus minusve
3-sulca, in coccos 2-valves a cae extra pubescens, 8 mm. lata.
Semina globosa, cinerea, maculis brunneis notata, 4 mm

TROPICAL AFRICA. fictite Guinea: Gaboon ; Ogowé,. Thollon,
41.

1332. Crotonogyne strigosa, Prain [| Euphorbiaceae-Crotoneae] ;
species C. Poggei, Pax, et C. impeditae, Prain, quam maxime affinis ;
ab illa corolla maris margine subintegra nec distincte 5-loba stamini-
busque paucioribus, ab hac glandulis extrastaminalibus discretis,
corollaeque tubo intus glabro, ab ambabus indumento strigoso

Folia Rene sparsa, breve petiolata, Paes aa obov:

oblanceolato-oblonga, apice longiuscule acuminata a a summo
gradatim deorsum angustata, ipso basi anguste rotundata vel
truncata, eglandulosa, margine integra, parce strigosa, 17-30 cm.
longa, 6-10 cm. lata, saturate viridia, utrinque secus nervos parce
strigosa ; cabs 6-10 mm. eer ense ily. che 3; stipulae

192

limbo integro vel minopere undulato. Stamina circiter’ 10,
exteriore 4, glandulis extrastaminalibus globosis glabris contiguis
sed discretis cireumcincta. Calyx feminei anguste ovoideus, extra
dense strigosus, 5 mm. longus; lobi 5, anguste lanceolati, acuti,
eglandulosi. Petala 5, alba, orbicularia, imbricata, calycis lobis
breviora. Discus urceolatus. Ovarium dense strigosum ; styli 3,
singuli 2-partiti. Capsula dense strigosa, 8 mm. longa, in coccos
2-valves dissiliens.

TrxopicaL Arrica. Lower Guinea: Southern Nigeria; Oban
- district, Talbot, 658 and 659 (Herb. Brit. Mus.).

1333. Micrococca scariosa, Prain [Euphorbiaceae-Crotoneae] ;
species nulli inter congeneres arcte affinis, bracteis rigidis bracteo-
lisque maris plurimis scariosis pedicellos articulatos involventibus
insignis, ideoque certissime saltem pro typo sectionis adhuc haud
cognitae habenda.

Frutex dioicus, 1-2-metralis, valde ramosus, ramis ramulisque
glabris, cortice brunneo lenticellato. Folia alterna, breve petiolata,
chartacea, ovato-oblonga, acuta vel breve acuminata, margine
crenato-dentata vel subintegra, basi rotundata ibique minute 2-glan-
dulosa, 7-13 cm. longa, 3-6°5 cm. lata; pallide viridia, utrinque
glabra, penninervia, nervis utrinsecus 5-6 arcuatim ascendentibus
prope marginem anastomosantibus subtus distincte elevatis ; petiolus

-8 mm. longus, glaber, subcylindricus sed supra anguste canali-
culatus ; stipulae subulatae, 5 mm. longae, glabrae, caducae. Spicae
rigidiusculae ; rhachides 5-15 cm. longae, distincte interruptae,
subtrigonae, virides, glabrae, laterales, oppositifoliae vel infra folia
secus ramos ramulosque orientes, maris fasciculatae, feminei singulae ;
bracteae lanceolatae, rigidae, inter se 2-6 mm. distantes, 2-3 mm.
longae ; bracteolae maris scariosae, obtusae, plurimae, 1 mm. longae,
feminei rigidae, lineares, binae, 1°5 mm. longae ; pedicelli articulati,
maris 2 mm. longi, dimidio infra articulationem complanato angulis
acutis sub lente ciliolatis, dimidio supra articulationem terete glabro,
feminei demum 4 mm. longi. Flores maris glomerati singillatim

5
ovata, acuta, margine sub lente ciliolata, ceterum glabra, imbricata.
Discus hypogynus e glandulis 6 (an semper 6?) oblongis contiguis

_liberis labrum ;
style 3, a basi liberi, subreflexi, ut videtur apice tantum fimbriati :
ovula in quoque loculo solitaria. Capsula (singula tantum visa)
(ence bere one septicide dissiliens,

ROPICAL AFRICA. German East Africa: Monyouni, Sacleur
1630 (Aug. 1891); Amboni forest, near Tanga, Sacleux, 1630 (1897).
e have only been able to examine the analysis of a single female
flower, and have only seen a single fruit; the latter, however,
ready shows the commencement of septicidal dehiscence without
any trace of .the loculicidal opening which probably ultimately

193

takes place. The true character of the stigma is not perfectly
clear. Except for the peculiar glomeruli of scarious bracts in the
male inflorescence, the characters of this plant are, however, clearly
those of a Micrococca, to which genus it may for the moment be
most conveniently referred. But the peculiar nature of the male
glomeruli renders it necessary to recognise it as the type of a
distinct section within that genus.

1334. Pycnocoma Thollonii, Prain [Euphorbiaceae-Crotoneae] ;
species quoad folia P. macrophyllam, Benth., simulans sed ab ea
bracteis planis nec concavis, reflexis nec adscendentibus, spathulato-
trapeziformibus manifeste differt.

minute ciliatae ceterum extra intusque glabrae ; pedicelli graciles,
puberuli, 1°25 em. longi, sub quaque bractea 1-3. Sepala maris 3,
ovato-triangularia, acuta, extra parce puberula vel glabra. Stamina
plurima ; filamenta gracilia, 1°25 cm. longa. Sepala feminei 5,
ovato-lanceolata, acuta, extra glabrescentia vel glabra, Ovarium
3-loculare, pubescens ; loculi singuli, dorso 2-cornuti; styli 3, parce
hirsuti, basi breviter connati.

TropicaL AFrRica. Lower Guinea; French Congo; Ogowé,
Thollon, 842.

1335. Tragia (Tagira) polygonoides, Prain [Huphorbiaceae-Cro-
toneae]; species 7. spathulatae, Benth., quam maxime affinis, foliis
fere glabris, calycis feminei segmentis angustioribus satis differt.

Herba ; caules elongati, graciles, volubiles, glabri. Folia dis-

Racemi laterales, graciles, densi, 6-8 mm. longi, pedunculo nudo

gracile pubescente 0°8-1°2 cm. longo suffulti, flores masculos plures

versus apicem femineosque 1-2 basales gerentes ; pedicelli sub quaque

bractea singuli, bracteisque breviores; bracteae maris ovatae,

acutae, 2-4 mm. longae, glabrae ; bracteae feminei orbiculares, acute

3-lobae, bracteolae feminei ovatae, acutae. “gd Sepala 3, ovata,
; ie : Stami

hirsutum angustata. Ovarium parcius hispidum; styli 3, minute
pubescentes, basi in columnam connati quadrante summo liberi.
Capsula ignota.

TropicaL Arrica. Upper Guinea: Ivory Coast ; Bouroukrou,
Chevalier, 16,860.

23773 C

194

Very nearly allied to 7. spathulata, Benth., with which it agrees
in having the female calyx-lobes quite entire but from which it differs
in having them much smaller and narrower and in having nearly
glabrous leaves.

1336. Tragia (Tagira) anomala, Prain [Euphorbiaceae-Cro-
toneae] ; species 7’. ambiguae, 8. Moore, proxima, a qua differt foliis
praeter nervos pilis setosis obsitos glabris stylisque more Sphaero-
stylis Tulasneanae, Baill, in massam globosam 3-suleam ovarium
primum aequantem vel paulo superantem connatis.

Herba ; caules elongati, graciles, volubiles, pilis urentibus armati.
Folia distincte petiolata, membranacea, oblonga, acuta, basi distincte
cordata sinu angustato, margine crebre crenata vel dentata, supra
secus nervos parce setosa, subtus secus nervos densius pilis urentibus
armata, ceterum glabra, 8-15 em. longa, 3-6 cm. lata; _petioli
glabri vel glabrescentes, 2-4°5 em. longi ; stipulae lineari-lanceolatae,
reflexae, 5-6 mm. longae, extra parce pubescentes. Racemi laterales,
eraciles, laxiusculi, 3-4 cm. longi, pedunculo nudo gracile minute
puberulo 1°2-2°5 cm. longo suffulti, flores masculos plures versus
apicem femineosque 1-2 basales gerentes ; pedicelli sub quaque bractea
singuli, maris 5-6 mm. longi, minute puberuli, bracteas excedentes ;
bracteae maris oblongo-subspathulatae, obtusae vel subacutae,
2-4 mm. longae, membranaceae, extra puberulae ; bracteae feminei
oblanceolatae-oblongae, acutae, margine utrinsecus 2—-3-dentatae nec
obatae ; bracteolae feminei bracteis similes nisi minores. ¢ Sepala
3, late ovata, extra parce puberula. Stamina 3; filamenta brevia ;
antherae introrsae. 9 Sepala 6, ambitu ovato-lanceolata, primum
membranacea, demum accrescentia vix tamen coriacea, 1 cm. longa,
pee utrinsecus 7—9-lobulata, lobuli laterales rhachideque dense
anati pilis longissimis ; laminula terminalis anguste ovata, fere
glabra, lobulis lateralibus paullo major. Ovarium dense adpresse
setosum; styli in massam globoso-pyriformem cavam 3-suleam
_ primum ovarium aequantem connati, apice summo stigmatico brevis-

sime liberi recurvi demum inter cavitatem columnae stylaris plus
_ Imnusve retracti. Capsula 3-cocea, parcius pilosa, 8 mm. lata
abhi subglobosi. Semina globosa, brunnea maculis albido-cinereis
notata.

TropicaL Arrica. German East Africa: Ukinga ;

in the species of this group, which is mainly West African, are
united in a slender column for one half their length or less ; those of

195

T’. ambigua, however, are connate throughout in a narrow funnel-
shaped tube with only the stigmas free. The known Tropical
African localities of 7. ambigua are as follows :—British East
Africa: Kibwezi, Kaessner, 706. German East Africa: Rosallo
Thal, Holst, 3861 ; Kerematonto, 1700 ft., Engler, 3347. Portu-
guese East Africa: Moramballa, 3500 “ft, Kirk ; Gazaland ;
Chirinda Forest, 3700-4000 ft. , Swynnerton, 446, 795. The known

P. ambigua, s. “pee the species described as 7’. anomala is
readily cieickel by its pubescence and diifors further from its
ally in having the style-column swollen into a pyriform or sub-globose
mass quite as large as the ovary when in flower. In this character
T’. anomala therefore agrees with the Madagascar plant described
by Baillon (Etud. Euphorb., 466, t. 21) as Sphaerostylis Tulasneana,
This genus had ety Some which has been doubtfully maintained by
Mueller (DC. Prodr., xv., 2, 768) and by Bentham an ooker
(Gen. Plant., iii., 327), as described by Mueller differs from T'ragia
in having a central staminal column, 2-partite stigmas and a globose
inflated style-column. As described by Baillon the stigmas are said
to be channelled but not said to be 2-partite. The description given
of the androecium both by Baillon and by Mueller is such as might
apply to that of the androecium of most of the Tragias of the group

T. anomala resembles, which have extremely short or quite
ohaslebe filaments ; Baillon’s description and figure of the style-
column and stigmas of Sphaerostylis Tulasneana accord very
closely with the conditions met with in 7. anomala. It appears
probable therefore that sphamoriyt Tulasneana may be only a
rather distinct species of gk agia

1337. Cadalvena Dalzielii, C. H. Wright [Scitamineae-Zingi-
bereae]; a C. ero Fendt, corollae tubo longiore tenui flori-
busque minosbus differt,

Rhizomg breve, érassnim, carnosum, Folia 4, rosulatim disposita,
ouphanatls’ suborbicularia, ad 10 cm. diametro, utrinque glabra,
marginibus mem branaders rubris albo-ciliatis; nervi laterales
utrinque 9-14, tenues; venae transversales numerosae, as be
matae. Flores brevissime spicati; bracteae lanceolatae, a
longae, 3 mm. latae, pubescentes. Calyx spathaceus, aig
3-dentatus, 3 cm. longus. Corolla lutea; -tubus 4 cm. longus,
tenuis ; lobi oblongi, acuminati, 3 cm, longi, 1 cm. lati. Labellum
luteum, 4 cm. latum, undulatum, infra cuneatum. Antherae 5 mm.
longae ; connectivum oblongum, obtusum, 2 cm, longum, 4 mm,
latum. Ovarium 6-costatum, pubescens, 3-loculare ; ovula plura, ;

TropicaL Arrica. Northern Nigeria: Yola Province ;
Kilba Country, Dalziel, 229. Sokoto and Kontagora Provinces,
Dalziel, 560,

ausa name “ takalmin zomo” (=hare’s slipper).

1338, Testudinaria paniculata, Dimmer [Dioscoreaceae] ; affinis
T. sylvaticae, Kunth, sed inflorescentia majore paniculato-ramosa,
eee —— rotatis tubo breviore et foliis coriaceis 10-13-

nerviis differt

23773 C2

196

Planta mascula, robusta, subsempervirens. Rhizoma epigaeun,
75 cm, i 1p Pp
natum, tesselato-lobatum, fuscum. Caulis superne volubilis, ad
basin 1°2 em, diametro, teres vel subcompressiusculus, rigidus,
laevis, glaber, viridescens, obscure lenticellatus. Folia 2°5-7 cm.
longa, 4-11°5 cm. lata, patentia, late reniformia vel breviter
deltoideo-subcordata, obsolete triloba, mucronata, 10-13-nervia
(raro 9-nervia), utrinque reticulata et nitentia, coriacea,
atroviridia, subtus pallidiora, pellucido-maculata, glabra, margine
integra, paullo subrecurvata ; petioli 1:s-3°7 cm. longi, ascendentes,
utrinque complanati, supra paullo suleati. Puniculae axillares,
multiflorae, sparse vel copiose ramosae, ramis infimis saepius

em, longis, rachi 5-12°7 em. longa angulata sparse puberula.
Flores pedicellati, odorati, subviridescentes vel pallideflavidi,

icelli mm, longis saepe florem abortivum gerentibus
uni-vel bibracteolatis ; bractevlae 0°7 mm. longae, ovatae, apice
acutae, carinatae, membranaceae. Perianthium 0°8-1 cm. diametro,
rotatum, tubo brevissimo, segmentis enerviis patulis vel subre-
curvatis subaequalibus obtusis vel apiculatis. Stamina parva, quam
perianthii segmenta breviora eorumque basibus affixa. vari
rudimentum vix conicum, obscure trituberculatum, Planta feminea
ignota,

passed by Marloth, whilst on a visit to Kew, which
suggested a re-examination of the plant, when its correct status was
ascertained. The most salient points of distinction between this

and the species with which it has hitherto been confounded lie in
the curiously flattened, not dome-shaped, woody rhizome, the
coriaceous, subevergreen 10-13-nerved leaves and the larger, short-
tubed, rotate flowers, which are moreover disposed in large, axillary
panicles.

Although the type specimen of J. paniculata came’ originally
from South Africa, it is unfortunate that no record of its introduc-
tion to Kew can be discovered nor can anything be said as to its.
geographical distribution.

1339. Seychellaria madagascariensis, C. H. Wright [Triuridaceae] ;
2 cr area Hemsl., perianthio florum ¢ 3- (raro 4-) lobato

ert.

197

plura, compresso-ovoidea, 0:74 mm. longa; stylus lateralis, filiformis,
ovario triplo longior.

Norru-East Mapagascar. Perrier de la Béthie.

Desiribed from a specimen communicated by Prof. H. Jumelle.

1340. Drake-Brockmania, Stap/ [Gramineae-Festuceae]; Ento-
Pipcomioe, Bo pe affinis, et quoad habitum spicularum ei simillima,
omnibus florigeris, rhachilla fragillima, valvis 5-nerviis,
ea haud soluto distincta.

Spiculae lateraliter paediat _compressae, mucronatae, sessiles vel
subsessiles, in paniculam saepissine capitatim contractam ispositae ;
rhachilla anfractuosa inter See fragillima, articulis distinctis.
Anthoecia circiter 7-8, summo admodum reducto excepto omnia CG.
Glumae acuminatae, infra wedtan -late membranaceo-marginatae,
caeterum arcte viridi-nervosae, inferior nervis 3-5 (rarius 1), superior
nervis 9, Valvae mucronatae, latae, albido-membranaceae, eximie
utrinque nervis 2 viridibus notatae, in carina a basi ad medium
dense ciliatae; callus 0. Paleae valvis breviores, curvatae, 2-dentatae,

a
Lodiculae 2, minutae, cuneatae. Stamina 3, ‘Ovarium glabrum ;
styli ima basi “onst capillares, longiusculae ; stigmata tenuia,
plumosa, sub apice anthoecii breviter exserta. Cary ‘Yo psts valva
paleaque inclusa et cum iis decidua, a latere subcompressa ; peri-

carpium tenue, adnatum, Embryo ad medium caryopsis attingens,
prominens, scutello ima Pics a oes libera, epiblasto distincto
obtuso.— Gramen annu a bas osum, ramis brevissimis vel

elongatis et tunc anisclatocadencadent bi et iterum ramosis, foliis
mollibus.

D. — Stapf. Species unica.

Gramen ad 12 cm. altum. Culmi teretes, elabri, laeves, internodiis
axesrtia of at vaginae inferiores laxae, basin versus latae, omnes
saltem inferne hirsutae pilis tenuibus tuberculo insidentibus ; ligulae
membranaceae, breves, truncatae, denticulatae; laminae ‘mollite er
herbaceae, lineares vel lanceolatae, a sursum attenuatae, ee
1-6 cm. longae, 1-3 mm. secu virides, multinervosae, inferne hirsutae.

magis minusve compressae. Spioules ambitu late ovatae, 6-7 mm,
longae lataeque, albidae, viridi-variegatae. Glumae subaequilongae,
lanceolatae, acuminatae, 6-7 mm. longae, praeter margines inferiores
virides, persistentes. Valvae a latere visae late oblique ovatae,
3-4 mm, longae, ad carinam et prope margines infimas molliter
—— nervis lateralibus a carina remotis. Paleae glabrae. Lodi-
culae 0°3-0°4 mm. longae. Antherae ellipticae, 0°65-0°75 mm
longae, stigmatibus lacs oat et cum iis exsertae ; filamenta
capillaria. Styli ad 1 mm. (vel ultra) longae ; stigmata ad 1°5 mm,
longa, angusta. Caz oryeps olivaceo-grisea vel humefacta brunnea,
paulo 1 mm. exceden

BriTisH Soca at ee. Bulhar, Drake-Brockman, 616, 617,
646, 647.

Jatsoni, W. W. Smith [Malvaceae-Hibisceae] |
lati, Roxb., a quo spicis floriferis multibractea
t petalis angustioribus differt
. altus, erectus vix ramosus ; caulis infra lignos
nda ab incolis adhibitus, supra fistulosus, pallid
pidis ornatus, tandem in spicam aliquando 30 ©
, diametro densissime floribus confertis et bracts
asin, Folia orbicularia, cordata, sinuata 1
vice at lobis acuta, basi profunde (ad 5 cm.) fis:
lus minusve hispida praecipue ad nervos in junio
) nervos et reticulationem productos laciniatis, 2
lata ; costae 5, prominentes, media et intermedi
nervis utrinque 3-4 munita exteriores deflex
rea 5; nervuli transversi multi prominentes, .
us crassus. Spica terminalis, multiflora ; flor
s linearibus sericeis etiam hispido-glandulo:
iffulti ; involucrum tubulosum, sericeum, 10-1
1. longo, lobis longe acuminatis inaequalibus 2 ¢
bspathaceus, coriaceus, sericeus, striatus, in lob
sus, 3-4 em. longus, basi intus pilis multis all
flava, basi tubulosa, tubo stamineo adnata ; lo
ue rotundati, acutati vel ag Gop 3-3'5 ©
Stamina in columnam 3-4 em. longam connat:
a; antherae reniformes, eas tandem la
nis granulae magnae, globosae, spinosae. Ovaria
5, breves, connati, supra ad 2-3 cm, soluti, villo
tis complanatis. Capsula ovata, dense serice
3 om, alta, 1°5 cm. Hiometeo, Semina in quoq
reniformia, villosa, 5 mm. longa ; testa coriace:
vi, 3°5 mm. longi ; oy cylindrica, 2°5 m

(AN STATES. At Taunggyi, about 1000 —

n, 2061; near Pinlaung, 1200-1500 m. on roe!

Forest, W. A. Robertson, 94.

ya multiflora, Gamble [Sterculiaceae]; a P. ba

lis longioribus, florum fasciculis axillaribus plu

noribus praecipue differt.

arbor parva, ad 3 m. alta, ramulis teretibus fus:

a nodos Niciaacsel munitis. Folia longissi
ranacea, serrata, apice longe acuminata, bi

om. longa, 3-4" “5 em. lata ; utrinque in parenchyma

a a i Ee

199

3-5 mm. longi, bracteolis 3 lanceolatis seu linearibus. Calycis
segiente oblongo-lanceolata, 4-5 mm. longa, reticulata et receptac-

ulis subcutaneis mucilagine repletis munita. * Petala late et
inaequaliter obovata, truncata, 5 mm longa, apice 4 mm. lata.
Stamina perfecta 15, cum staminodiis 5 in annulum coalita ; ; fila-
menta gracilia, inaequalia, aliquando per paria unita ; antherae ovatae,
connectivo incrassato junctae ; staminodia linearia, mucilaginea,
4-5 mm. longa. Ovarium 5-loculare, dense stellatim albo-tomen-
tosum; st las subelavatus, 4-5 mm, longus. Capsulae loculi 5,
globosi, dense stellatim albo-tomentosi, introrsum Tooulieiile dehis-
centes, 2-3 mm. diametro, pericarpio tenuiter crustaceo, Semina in
quoque loculo 2 perfecta, Sagat ; testa coriacea; albumen
copiosum ; cotyledones plicatae

SOUTHERN SHAN STATES. At Loi Ai: near Sukat Ryo
in scrub forest and old clearings, 760 m., W. A, Robertson, 65, Dec
1909.

643. Elaeocarpus Robertsoni, Gamble [Tiliaceae]; LE. petiolate,
Wall., affinis, foliis minus coriaceis, ovario villoso triloculari
(nee glabro biloculari) et gars brevissime et obtuse apiculatis
(nec aristatis) praecipue differ

Arbor ad 12 m. alta, ai griseo-brunneis, ultimis glabris.
Folia chartacea, ovata, apice obtuse acuminata, basi rotunda
margine inconspicue crenata a sabintegra ; utrinque siccitate
glabra, olivacea, supra vix lucida ; 10-12 em. longa, 4-6 cm. lata ;
nervi utrinque 8-10, pallidi, ramosi, ramis in elandulas crenaturarum
desinentes ; reticulatio conspicua ; petiolus 2°5-4 cm. longus, glaber,
supra sulcatus. Racemi axillares, giabri, pauciflori, floribus ad 15
— saepissime recurvis ; rhachis angulatus, sulcatus ; pedicelli

m Calycis lobi 5, lanceolati, 7-8 mm. longi,
covibinaat margine incurvo excepto glabri, costa intus prominente.
Petala 5, oblonga, 8-9 mm. longa, apice fimbriata, dentibus circa
_ 9 15-2 mm, longis, basi ad dimidiam partem incurva, extus sericeo-

villosa, intus etiam pilis decurvis villosa et incrassata, ad basim ob
glandulas discoideas excavata, Discus carnosulus, a 10 sub-
globosis, glabris. Stamina circa 20-24, linearia, pube
onga, antheris apice in mucronem brevem obtusum asehontitvis,
filamentis antheris dimidio brevioribus. Ovarium ovoideum, trilocu-
lare dense albo-villosum ; stylus ultra stamina paullo elongatus,
parce villosus. Drupa ignota.

SouTHERN SHAN pre, Kalaw, near water, 1310 m.,
W, A. Robertson, 149, April 19

cant 644, Lespedeza sessilifolia, Gamble [Leguminosae- Hedys rag :
species foliis sessilibus insignis, aliis notis ad ZL. eriocarpam, DC.
ecedit.

Arbuscula ramulis virgatis angulatis albo-sericeis ultimis quad-
rangulis. Folia chartacea, trifoliata, sessilia vel petiolo vix 3 mm,
longo ; foliola elliptica vel elliptico-obovata, apice mucronata, Bate
et basi rotundata, medium ad 5 cm. longum, 2°5 cm, latum petiolulo
7 mm. longo, lateralia minora petiolulis vix 2 mm. longis ; supra
sinha pallida, infra adpresse sericeo-villosa ; nervis utrinque 8-10
prope marginem arcuate junctis et reticulatione prominenter areolata :
stipulae subulatae, petiolo longiores. Racemi axillares, graciles,

ZUU

ad 8-10 em. longi ; ee albo-sericea ; bracteae subulatae, 2 mm.
longae ; pedicelli filiformes, 5 mm. longi. Calyx campanulatus,
extus sericeus, 3- —4 mm "loners fere ad basin fissus, lobis 2 superi-
oribus ad dimidiam partem junctis. Cvrolla purpurea, ad 1 cm
longa; vexillum obovatum; alae oblonyo-obovatae, stipitatae,
auriculo prope basin rotundato ; ; carina in angulum rectum curvata,
acuminata. Stamina petalis longiora, antheris minutis. Ovartum
dense sericeum, stylo longo filiformi curvato. Legumen obovatum,
apiculatum, dense sericeo-villosum, 7 mm. longum, 4 mm. latum.

SouTHERN SHAN States. On A hills at Paktu Mong,
1220 m., W. A. Robertson, 54, Dec. 1

645. Beilschmiedia Robertsoni, Gamble [Lauraceae]; quoad
inflorescentia B. Bourdilloni, Brandis, affinis sed foliis differt. Differt
etiam a B. assamica, Meisn., foliis et ramulis conspicue pubescentibus
et ovario in

Arbor elata, ad 30 m. alta, ramulis subcrassis griseis ultimis
canes aay ; alabastra florifera conspicue perulata, foliifera
parva, ovoidea, fusco-pubescentia. Folia submembranacea, alterna
vel subopposita ; elliptico-obovata vel oblanceolata, apice acuminata,
basi attenuata; supra glabra ese infra puberula, praecipue ad
costam et nervos ; 9-18 em. longa, 4 ss cm. gates 5 SOE supra he

ecg penuittre 1 mm. 2 ig 1°5 mm. lata. Ovarium idee
dense villosum, stylo glabro, stigmate recurvo. Fructus ignotus.

SouTHERN Swan Srares, = moist forest at Hlwegyi,
610 m., W. A. Robertson, 105, Jan. 1910.

646. Wilkstroemia Ridleyi, Gamble [Thymelaeaceae-Euthyme-
laeeae] ; ; species W. Candolleanae, Meisn., affinis, foliis majoribus

e aceis, inflorescentia terminali differt,

Arbuscula, ramulis gracilibus fuscis teretibus ultimis puberulis.
Folia opposita, membranacea ; lanceolata, apice obtuse acuta vel

acumina basi

pedunculis circa 5 mm. lo dicelli

i aaae cole i logs pedice Aight na pubescentibus.

ovati, Sear el 4 mm. lo rth roy re tubi faucem inserta,

4 © tatenioniieas 2-3“ mint, distantes, filamentis brevis-

pgm anthers oblongis 1:5 mm. ri cee Discus hypogynus lobis
us per paria junctis i —2 mm. longis. Ovarium

obovoideum, apice hirsutum, stylo gracili, sti stigmate magno papilloso.

201

Drupa 6-7 mm. longa, 5 mm. diametro, pericarpio carnoso rubro.
Semen drupae conforme; testa exterior crustacea, interior mem-
branacea ; cotyledones carnosi

Mazay Peniysuta, Tri ingganu: at Pulo Katan, Ridley.
Pahang: at Pekan and Kwala Brawas, Ridley, 1583 &c. (all in
Herb. Singap.).

647. Henslowia monticola, Gamble [Santalaceae-Osyrideae] ;
species H. granulatae, Hook. f. et ae affinis, differt ramulis
non pustulatis glabris, = upa par lobosa, pedicello gracili.
Affinis etiam H. buzifoliae, Blume, fobis sulcatis praecipue differt.

rutex parasiticus, ramulis laevibus angulatis nigrescentibus.
Folia coriacea, glabra, siccitate nigrescentia, cbovato-spathulata,
apice obtusa et emarginata, basi in Betis Soret: 5 mm, longum
acuminata, marginibus recurvis; 2-3 cm. longa, 1°5-2°5 em. lata;
costae 3, laterales 2 pedatim divisae ee 5 essent, exteriores 4 late
curvatae ad apicem, omnes in sulcis Gonepiowis oe nervi pauci,
breves; nervuli transversi ut reticulatio obsc Flores in
racemorum fasciculis brevissimis axillaribus vel inte tibul : racemi
pauciflori, 3-5 mm. longi; bracteae 0 vel cito deciduae, Perianthii
tubus ovarium cingens ; lobi triangulares, acuti, 0°5-1 mm. longi,
fructu persistentes. Discus concavus, 1-2 mm. boii Stigma
centrale 5-lobum. Drupa nigrescens, globosa, 3 mm. diametro,
obscure suleata; exocarpio carnoso, endocarpio rugoso angulis
multis in albumen porrectis ; cotyledones radiculae breviores,

Matay Prninsuta. Perak: camp on Ulu Batang Padang,
1500 m., Wray.

648. Henslowia Ridleyi, Gamble |Santalaceae-Osyrideae]; species
H. Lobbianae, A. DC., affinis, foliis majoribus orbiculatis, racemis
longioribus et drupa magna insigni

Frutex scandens, parasiticus (?), ramulis crassis siccitate roe
a Folia coriacea, late obovata a or ata, apice rotun

aliquando ss Sells margine paullo recurva ; 2— m. diametro ;
costae primo 3, laterales 2 pedatim in 2 divisae, vaniel ‘curvatae et
apicem versus arcuatim eases : nervi nulli ;sx rv li transversi

axillis foliorum Sanctions: ; bracteae parvae, deciduae. ‘Porian thit
tubus in ¢ brevissimus, lobis 5-6 triangularibus, 1°5 m. longis, in
¢ ovarium amplectens, lobis paullo quam in 3 brevioribus persis-
tentibus. Discus concavus, in d medio solum apiculatus, i in J stigma
lobatum cireumdans. Drupa magna, obovoidea, circa 1°3 cm. longa,
9 mm. diametro, exocarpio tenui, “endocarpio sulcato rugoso angulis
multis intus in albumen porrectis.

Matay Peninsuta. Selangor: at Sempang mines, Ridley,
15,568. Pahang: at Kluang Terbang, Barnes; at Gunong Tahan,
1500-1800 m., Wray and Robinson, 5484 (?)

649. Henslowia Wrayi, King MS. in Herb. Cale. [Santalaceae-
Osyrideae]; species H. Lobbianae A.DC., affinis, drupa ellipsoideo-
obovoidea 1 cm. longa (nec globosa) praecipue differt.

Frutex scandens, parasiticus, aliquando 12-18 m. attingens
ramulis teretibus gracilibus. Folia coriacea, glabra, siccitate

202

olivacea, elliptico-obovata vel-oblanceolata, eae Re eres
apice obtuse acuta vel aromas, basi acuta vel acuminata, mar-
ginibus recurvis ; 4-8 cm. longa, 2-5 cm. lata ; statues 3 ee ineitted?
raro ramosae ; nervi pauci, breves, inconspicui, praecipue ad latera ;
reticulatio obscura ; petiolus crassus, circa 5 mm, longus, in laminam
gradatim expansus. lores in fasciculis brevibus racemorum ex
foliorum vel foliorum delapsorum axillis; racemi graciles,
3-4-flori, 5-7 mm. longi, bracteis parvis ovatis ad rhachim et infra
flores sitis ; racemi ¢ crassiores, pauciflori pedicellis vix 1 mm. int §
Perianthii tubus in 3 brevissimus, lobis triangularibus 0-5-7 m

ae apice uncinatis; in ¢ ovarium cingens, quoad lobos sen

n 6. Discus concavus, 1 mm. latus, in ¢ minute apiculatus, in
3 cum stigmate 5-lobus. Drupa ellipsoideo-obovoidea, 1 cm. longa,
75 po lata, non sulcata, endocarpio rugoso ; albumen multilobatum.

LAY PrENiINsuLA. Perak: in hilly country, 150-300 m.,
King’s Collector, 4214, 10,834; at Sungie Larut and Relan Tujor,
Wray, 2279, 4032. Malacca, "Goodenough, 1937; Hervey.

650. Scleropyrum jee Gamble{ Santalaceae-Osyrideae]; species
S. Maingayi, Hook. £., affinis, foliis infra molliter tomentosis et
drupa dimidio minore differt.

Arbor parva, ad truncum spinis rectis acutis 1-2°5 cm. longis
SEMALS 3. BS ate crassi, etiam _ Spinosi, - ultimi molliter ferrugineo-
tomento tia et folia omnia vetustioribus
exceptis. Folia submembranacea, vAdibikn, ovata, obovata vel
oblongo-lanceolata, apice acuta vel (interdum abru pte) acuminata,
basi acuta vel rotundata et saepe inaequalia; supra pallida paullo
bullata, infra pallida, tomentosa; 10-25 cm. longa, 5-10 cm. lata ;
costa prominens, supra impressa ; nervi utrinque 6-10, irregulares,
infra prominentes, ad marginem curvati; nervuli transversi irregu-
lares ut reticulatio ; petiolus 03-1 cm. longus, supra sulcatus.
Flores S$ in spicis dense rufo-pubescentibus 7-8 cm. longis, rhachi
crasso, perianthii tubo crasso 5 mm. longo; ¢ in spicis 15-25 cm,
longis, rhachi dense pubescente, perianthii tubo cylindrico rae
tomentoso 2-3 mm. longo; lobi ovati reflexi, 2-3 mm. long
Stamina brevissima, filamentis crassis, antherarum thecis Fane.
simis. Discus 5-lobus. Ovarium pubescens, stylo crasso, stigmate
capitato lobato, lobis reflexis. Drupa pyriformis, 3-4 em. longa,
1-15 cm. diametro, exocarpio fere glabro, endocarpio osseo
rugoso ; rhachis fructifera aucta. Semen 1 cm. diametro, cotyle-
donibus tenuibus oblo

Mavay PrEntnsuta. " Singapo ore: at Selitar and other places,
Ridley, 1921, 4761, 5889; at Changs Hullett, 850.

XXII.—MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.

Portrait of the late Sir J. D. Hooker—To Mr. C. P. Hook
Dollarward House, Cirencester, Kew is deeply indebted for the gift
of a poptogeernre reproduction of a portrait of his father, the late
Sir oker, as a eee man. The original, a crayon drawing
by the late G. Richmond, R.A., was executed in November, 1855,
and is a companion picture to a similar portrait of the late Dr. T.
Thomson, the companion of Sir Joseph during the later portion of

203

portraits mark the close of this period of companionship and
collaboration. That of oie is was presented to Kew by Sir

Himalayan Journals but that portraits of the joint authors of the
Flora Indica hang side by side in the building in which their work
was done

Presentation = Chinese Drawings.—Under the will of the late
Mrs. Mary Anne Robb (Miss Boulton of Tew Park, Oxon) a very
interesting ae of twenty-three drawings in water colour of
Chinese Conifers has been received at Kew for the Museums.
These drawings were executed by a native Chinese artist who was
engaged by the celebrated patel: Robert Fortune during his last
journey at the request of Mrs. Robb as she wished to have sketches

of the new trees, found by Fortune, drawn on the spot. The artist
stipulated that he would only make pictures if allowed to put a
human figure in each.

Mrs. Robb, who was descended from Mathew Boulton, the
engineer and partner of James Watt, was possessed of great
intellectual gifts and wide interests.

mong her more intimate friends were Francis Galton and the
Hon. Charles Ellis. She took a keen interest in gardening and at
her garden called Golden Field at Liphook she indulged in the
cultivation of flowering shrubs which was one of oa hobbies,

corresponded frequently with Kew on horticultural matters.

_ The drawings are detailed in the list appended. One of them,

no. 21 representing the Maidenhair tree, Gingko biloba (Salisburia

adiantifolia) is already well known to botanists as it has been repro-
uced to seg a plate for the paper on the Maidenhair tree written

by Prof. C. Seward and published in the Annals of Botany,

vol. xiv., 00d p- 110, Pl. viii.

1. “Tsung le shu” (Hemp erie —— id 15-20
2. “* Peen pih shoo,” Thuya sp 60
3. “Sung shoo,” Pinus Cocmth ai -_ is 3, ane
4. “ Lo sung shoo,” Podocarpus sp. si ee 80
5. “Shuy pih shoo, Cephalotaxus Fortune: 30
6. “ Kin tseen sung i ee Coin pine) Taten “p 70
7. “ Water Pine,” ‘ 60
8. “ Lan pan shu,” Juniperus ee ite .-. 20-30
9. “ Nyun par shu,” cies us Sp. . “ae --. 60-70
10. Cupressus funebris 70
Ade — een sung shu ” (Golden Coin pine) Abies

empye
| ies aaa ohiae _ shu,” Juniperus er ne 20

204

13. “ Pem pah shu,” Thuya sp. be e ... 20-30
14, “ Maou chuh,” “This is the finest Bamboo in

China and is prized above all others, owing

to the clean branched stems it produces.

Young shoots eaten by the Chinese ” ee 70
15, “ Mein pah shu” (Prostrate Juniper) Juniperus

sp. vies vee wee tee vee sv 1-2
163." Tsye sung pah shu,” Thuya sp. yew -~ 10-15
17, “ Kin sung shu,” Pinus sp. Japan, only found in

gardens in China _ ... ive — bis 30
18. “ Pa be sung shu” (White barked pine) et 50
19, “* Lew san shoo” Cryptomeria japonica inne AOU
20. “ Peh shoo,” Juniperus sphaerica ce as 60
21. “ Pih kwo shu” Salisburia adiantifolia ... =
22. “ Tsye san shoo,” Cunninghamia sinensis a 50
23. “ Lo tung,” Abies jezoensis x oa :

inflorescence or “ pole” soon made its appearance and elongating
weeks

included in the list of Agaves compiled by J. Smith in his
“ Records of Kew.” Mr. N. E. Brown, who came to Kew in 1873,
says the plant was in the collection at that date and was then some
5-6 feet in diameter,

he name must be accepted with some reserve until the flowers
appear as it differs in several respects from the wild specimens and
from the original description of this species published in Hortus
Dyckensis, p. 302. C.P.R.

alace Linden—A link with the past when Kew was a

Kew P:
Royal domain disappears by the removal of this ancient specimen
of Linden or Common Lime, Tilia vulgaris, Hayne. Seow tie ona

205

mound to the left of the entrance gates to Kew Palace from the
riverside, the tree was described ‘when in its rime, as a goo
specimen os = beauty and great height. The girth of the
trunk at 4 feet from the ground was 18 feet 7 inches. The tree is
said to have pte a favourite haunt with the children of George III
when “ pursuing their youthful studies.” (A.B., 1891, p. 318.) It
is perhaps for this reason that in some books the tree is referred to
as the “ King’s Lime.” During a heavy storm on January 27,
1901, the tree suffered Mg all that remained was about 9 feet
of the trunk. (K.B., 1901, p. 86.) Being of historic interest the
portion remaining was sade, to look presentable with the aid of a
few bricks and cement. As evidence of the life left in the old tree

Nesed away on April 3 and burned.
A.O.

The Cricket-bat Willow.—A paper published in the Kew Bulletin,
1907, p. 311, dealt with the identity of the forms of Salix whose
timbers are most prized by cricket-bat makers. It was there shown
that the best of all willows for bat-making is a pyramidal-growing,
female form of the blue willow (Salix alba var. coerulea), which,

restriction of the best cricket-bat willow to nae Seiten counties
was due to its being a local variety, or perhaps hybrid, emia
by inheritance those peculiar qualities the cricket-bat maker
desires; or, whether ace qualities were ca to, and dependent on,
local conditi ions of climate or soil. is well known the East
Anglian climate is the driest and sinters in the United Kingdom,
and it was by no means certain in the opinion of several competent
observers that the timber of the cricket-bat willow would retain its
peculiar value if it were produced, say, in the warm, humid climate
of Cornwall or in the somewhat similar conditions of the west of
Scotland. Large numbers of cricket-bat willows have been planted
during the past five years and it has become important to ascertain
how far the labour and expense incurred in such districts is likely
to be recompensed,
Through the kindness of Mr. J. Arthur Campbell we are able to
give an encouraging report on some timber of cricket-bat willow
wn on his estate at Arduaine, Lochgilphead, Argyllshire.
Mr. Campbell, for experimental purposes, made a plantation —.
of about 150 trees in 1903 and 1904. One of these, plant
1904, having attained a diameter in its trank of 6 to 7 inches he east
down and sent to Mr. D. J. Carter, willow dealer of Newtown,
Waltham Cross, Herts, to ascertain its suitability and value for
bat-making. Mr. Cattor reported that it was perfectly satisfactory

206

and if of proper size for cricket-bat making (48 inches in circum-
ference would have fetched the normal price per cubic foot. This
timber, having been grown under a rainfall of about 60 inches

r annum as compared with that of Hast Anglia, which is under
25 inches, appears to afford sufficient proof that its peculiar virtues
are inherent and not necessarily dependent on its environment.

It need hardly be said that cutting down trees of the size of the
one noted above is wasteful. So much greater is the proportion of
woody tissue deposited on the trunk as the tree increases in size
that, even allowing for compound interest, a loss is incurred by
felling trees before they are 14 to 2 feet in diameter of trunk.

n the article on this willow in the Kew Bulletin of 1907, it was
suggested that its qualities were probably due to its remarkable
vigour of growth. Whether this be so or not, there is no doubt
that the timber of rapidly grown trees is better for the bat maker’s
purpose, and of greater value per cubic foot, than that of slowly
grown, comparatively stunted trees which is contrary to what
obtains with timbers in general, The best bat maker's timber is
that in which the annual rings are not less than 4 inch wide. Trees
on poor or comparatively dry ground will bring in neither so quick
nor so large a return per cubic foot of timber as those grown on ~
better, moister soil. This is a matter that should receive attention
when a site is selected; further, any attention to the welfare of
young trees will be repaid. Mr. Campbell believes that manuring
the roots will prove profitable.

W. J. B.

Dendrobium Imthurnii—In the description given of this new
_ orchid in K.B., 1912, p. 131, it was stated in error that its habitat
was the Solomon Islands. We are informed by Sir Everard im
Thurn that it was found near the Erakor Lagoon, Efate Island,
New Hebrides.

_. Botanical Magazine for April—T he plants figured are Schomburgkia
Lueddemani, Prill. (t. 8427) ; Magnolia Kobus, DC, (t. 8422) ; Agave
protuberans, Engelm. (t. 8429); Daphne retusa, Hemsl. (t 8430)
and Campanula arvatica, Lag. (t. 8431).

Schomburgkia Lueddemani is closely allied to 8. undulata, Lindl.,
but differs in the colour of the flowers and especially in the bright
aig patch on the lip. The plant is of interest since it has been
ost sight of since 1862, when it was described by M. Prilleux from
a plant in the collection of M. Liiddeman in Paris. The plant
figured was purchased for Kew from the collection of the Hon. W.

Rothschild, Tring Park, and is reported to have come from
Venezuela.

growing tree and flowers freely ; it was introduced to England about
1879 by Maries when collecting for Messrs, J. Veitch & Sons.

207

Agave protuberans differs from the true Agaves and from the
Littaeas in having the flowers solitary on simple racemes or spikes
and jn having herbaceous leaves without a terminal spine. It
belongs to the Manfredas, of which its near ally A. virginica, Linn.,
is a dig ble and which may be regarded as a sub-genus of
Agave. The leaves are covered with brownish-purple spots or
blotches. The plant inhabits the mountains near ey pans Potosi,

Mexico, at altitudes yr, nes to 8000 feet. The material for the
igre Wag bg caer R. H. Beamish, 7 ps ae near Cork
and hy J eee epee

Tho i ae esting Hans was discovered by Mr. A. E. Pratt near
bt le W. Szechuan, between 9000 and 13,000 feet in 1889.
Mr. Wilson collected it in 1903 in the same locality and from the
material sent home to Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons at Coombe Wood the
subject of “ae illustration has been derived. The pink flowers are

purchased for the Kew callwetions. from Mr. H. Correvon, Geneva

Industria] Alcohol—We are indebted to Mr. J. G. M’Intosh for
pointing out that his book on this subject was omitted from the
= peu Hc hy at the end of Mr. Holland’s article on Alcohol in

No. 3, 1912, pp. 113-130. We regret this inadvertent
‘tite and take this opportunity of giving some further references
to Works and papers which contain useful information on the subject.

Addenda to bibliography of works relating to the production of
Alcohol, XK. B., No. 3, 1912, p. 130.

Barral, James, & Co, “ Beetroot Distillation,” pp- 1-126
A. Schultze, London, 1870) ; including a “ Report on the

ubject by Dr. Augustus Voelcker, F.R.S.,” pp. 19-49.
arden, Dr. A. “ Alcoholic Fermentation,” pp- 1-128
(Longmans, Green & Co., London, 1911).

D’Hérelle, F. H., “ Utilisation des Résidus dé la Déibintion
des Agaves pour la Production de L’Alcool,” in Journ.
D’A te Tropicale, x., 1910, pp. 161-167.

Hetrick, « Denatured or Industrial Alcohol,” pp. 1-516
bee Wily & Sons, New York; Chapman & Hall, Ltd.,

ond

Hough, Ww. c ae of Mexico,” in Proc. U.S. National

useum, xxxill. 1908, pp. 577-592, figs. 1-19.

M Intosh, J. G., Industrial Alcohol: A Practica 1 Manual on
th ‘Production and Use of Alcohol for Industrial
Purposes and for Use as a Heating Agent, as an
IlJuminant and as a Source of Motive Power,” pp. 1-250
with 75 Illustrations and 25 Tables (Scott, Greenwood &
Son, London, 1907),

eh

208

Malpeaux, L., “ La Betterave de Distillerie et la Betterave
Fourragére,” pp. 1-194, figs. 1-15 (Masson & Co., Paris).

Perkins, A. J., “Report on the Amount of Spirits that may be
extracted from a Ton of Raisins,” in Journ. Agric. 8.
Australia, xiii., 1909, pp. 192-198.

Pharmaceutical Journal, xx., 1905, “ Alcohol for Industrial

urposes,” pp. 590-591 ; pp. 621-623

Voelcker, Dr. A., “On the Cultivation and Uses of Sugar-
beet in England,” in Journ. Soc. Arts, xix., 1871, pp. 307-
318, including “ Beet-root Distillation,” pp. 314-316.

Voelcker, Dr. A., “On Sugar-beets and Beet-root Distilla-
tion,” in Journ. Roy. Agric. Soe., vii., 1871, pp. 60-85.

Wright, F. B., “ A Practical Handbook on the Distillation of
Alcohol from Farm Products and the Denaturing of
Alcohol,” pp. 1-194, figs. 1-33 (Spon & Chamberlain,

New York: HE. & F. N. Spon, Ltd., London, 1906).

St. Kitts Sugar Factory.—We learn with interest from the Agricul-
tural News, vol. xi., no. 259 (March 30th), p. 99, that the new
Central Sugar Factory in St. Kitts was formally opened on
February 20th, 1912, in the presence of the Administrator of
St. Kitts, His Honour T. L. Roxburgh, C.M.G., the Imperial
Aoi of Agriculture, Dr. F. Watts, C.M.G., and many
others.

The Central Sugar Factory at Gunthorpes, Antigua, opened
in 1904, which was established largely owing to the energy and
foresight of Dr. Watts, has fully justified the expectations of its
promoters and the formation of the factory in St. Kitts is the result
of its uninterrupted career of successful operation. There seems
every reason to anticipate that the new factory will add materially
to the prosperity of the Presidency of St. Kitts-Nevis.

The following particulars are taken from Mr, Tempany’s account
in the Agricultural News :—

The factory “is situated in the Basseterre valley, about 1 mile
from the town, and its cane supply is at present derived from the

ee is of modern design, Messrs. Mirrlees, Watson & Co., Ltd., of

the factory is at present capable of producing 8000 tons of grey
crystal sugar, but provision is made for further extension to 10,000
to 12,000 tons, as its maximum output.”

As Mr. Tempany justly observes “The event must rank as one
of the first importance in the history of the Leeward Island Colony,
marking as it does a further step in the transition from old-fashion
methods of sugar manufacture to those that are modern and
economical.”

Kew Burxetiy, 1912.

Kerstingiella geocarpa.

Malby&Sons. Lith.

[R20 (89/808. 1125. 612

To fice page 209)

[All Rights Reserved.]

ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW.

BULLETIN

OF

MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION,

No. 5.] : (1912.

XXIII—A NEW GROUND BEAN.
(Kerstingiella geocarpa, Harms.)

Witau a Note on THE DIscoveRY OF VOANDZEIA
SUBTERRANEA IN THE WILD STATE,

O. STAPF.

Three years ago Professor H. Harms* described a new genus of
fare which he called Kerstingiella after its discoverer,
Dr. Kersting of Sokodé, Togoland. Apart from the strictly
botanical interest attaching to it, it was remarkable as the source of
a ground bean or nut which had been until then unnoticed, although
its cultivation in Upper Guinea as we now know extends over a
fairly large area. In 1910 Dr. A. Chevalier} recorded the same
plant from Dahomey, describing it as a new species of Voandzeia
under the name V. Pozssonii. Since then it has been in cultivation
and under observation in the Botanic Gardens at Dahlem and Jena,
and last year Professor Harmsf published a short article in which he
summarised briefly what was then known about this ground bean,
adding some valuable information concerning the conditions of its
cultivation.

Chevalier§ states that ae eer assured him of the porter
of the bean in British Ni This statement is con
by specimens of Kerstingiella soritievienated to Kew by Mr. W. R.
Elliot, who came across it as a field crop in Nupe. =
plant is undoubtedly of some economic importance and it seem
desirable to call the attention of British residents and travellers in
Nigeria to the occurrence of this ground bean in order to ascertain
its distribution in that colony and to gather further information
about its cultivation and economic uses, and also, if possible, to
discover it in the wild state in which it has not so far been
observed.

* Harms in Berichte d. oe Bot. ay vol. xxvi., a, p. 230, tab. iii.

A. = alier in Com end., vol. cli., p.
t Har 4 aa peg e eloudkaioahnee, vol. " xxviii, p. 160; reprinted in

eogenpl.- ares a
§ Chevalier in ; Doma. Rend., vol. cli., p. 1374.

(24254—6a.) Wt. 189—808. 1125. 6/12, D&S,

210

The purpose thus outlined will be best served by a translation of
Professor Harms’ summary mentioned above with a description of
the plant and some observations on its morphological and biological
peculiarities mainly quoted from the same author’s earlier paper
together with a list of vernacular names.

DISTRIBUTION.

“Two years ago I called attention to an important botanical
discovery by Dr. Kersting, who, in the northern territory of
Sokode-Basari, Togoland, came across an especially interesting new
kind of bean which matured its pods below, instead of above
ground. The well-known ground nut (Arachis hypogaea), and the

anut (Voandzeia subterranea), are similar instances. Kersting
ound that the natives of Togoland cultivated the bean, which they
ealled Kandela in three varieties distinguished by their colours. I
described this bean which is not known in the wild state, as
Kerstingiella geocarpa, the type of a new genus of Leguminosae.

lack} and mottled). An account may be found in Quinzaine Coloniale,
1910, No, 16, p. 590. evalier’s description suggested at once the
identity of the Dahomey and the Togo bean. evalier was,
on his return from Africa, good enough to send me a specimen of
his Dahomey plant whilst I supplied him with material from
Togoland and our comparisons proved that the two beans were
actually identical, or in other words that the Togo bean extended
into Dahomey and M. Chevalier has already stated (Compt. Rend.
l.c., p. 1374) that he too considers his species as identical with
Kerstingiella geocarpa. He gives an important account of its
distribution in Dahomey, quoting various vernacular names. The
species is also said to occur in British Nigeria, but up to the
prepeut I have seen no specimen from there. In Togo as well as ia
ahomey the plant is known only in the cultivated state, which
renders Kersting’s and Chevalier’s discoveries the more remark-
.

e.

“Chevalier gives analyses (lc. 1375) which show that the
nutritious value of the beans is very considerable. They are said
to equal the richest peanuts in nitrogenous matter, whilst they have
at the same time a more pleasant taste, particularly for Europeans,
recalling that of the finest varieties of beans. The yield, owing to
the smallness of the seeds (8-10 cm. by 6-7 mm.), is not large. In
Dahomey according to the French explorer, the women are for-
bidden to eat the beans.

_ * On the distribution of Kerstingiell sn tropical Africa (hy Harms
in Deutsche Kolonialzeitung, vol. m4 viii, 6), in tropi rica (by Har
t+ Or red (Chevalier Le., p. 86).

211

“ Last year (1910), thanks to the kindness of First Lieutenant
Hiring of Sokodé-Basari (Togo), the Botanic Garden at Dahlem

They germinated well and numerous plants were raised by Chief-
Inspector F, Ledien, not a few of them flowering in July and
August. A number of seeds were sent to Inspector E. Retti

prevented their maturation, The flowers are very small and
papilionaceous and spring from the creeping stem close to the
ground. The flowers of the variety with light or occasionally
black-mottled seeds are white, those of the other varieties pale
violet,

_ “Tt is desirable to follow up the distribution of this cultivation,
particularly among the natives in Togo, where it may also be found
in the wild state. Similarly Voandzeia subterranea, so generall

cultivated in Togo, has never been observed in the spontaneous
condition, It is also possible that Kerstingiella occurs in the
Hinterland of the Cameroons (Adamaua, Zola, Garua, &c.).
Chevalier states that the Hausa traders contended that it existed
in British Nigeria, and the probability that the Hausa people were
instrumental in the spreading of the cultivation is obvious. The
Hausas call it Kouarourou according to Chevalier. It is also said
to occur in Borgu. It is true, at the first glance it might be
mistaken for Voandzeia subterranea and Schweinfurth actuall

suggests that this has been the case with certain writers (Zeitschrift
d. Gesellschaft f, Erdkunde, 1910), but the expert will always
distinguish them. Habit and leaves are similar and yet distinct,
and Voandzeia, so long and so well known to us, has above all
much larger globose seeds.

“In any case, I should be very grateful for any communications
concerning Kerstingiella or Voandzeia, their cultivation and use,
and particularly if they are accompanied by flowers, fruits and seeds.
Material of this kind would enable us to establish the distribution of

Ly |

in a climate of low humidity with occasional heavy showers and a
shade temperature of 18°-34° C.”

MorPrHOLOGY AND BIOLOGY.

As there is only one specimen of Kerstingiella geocarpa in the
Kew Herbarium—and this only in the fruiting stage—the following
description and observations are mainly taken from Harms’ paper in
the Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft.

A prostrate herb. Taproot with slender branches sometimes bear-
ing nodules. Main stem creeping, 5-8 cm. long, hirsute-pubescent
or nearly glabrous, rooting from the nodes, emitting numerous short
stolons with approximate nodes and mostly bearing leaves which are
reduced to the stipules (Chevalier). Normal leaves 3-foliolate, borne
on upright, pubescent petioles, 6-12 or, according to Harms, as much
24254 A2

212

as 23 cm. long ; leaflets petiolulate, broadly ovate or obovate, more
or less rounded at the base, obtuse, 5-8 em. long, 3-5°5

As the resemblance between Kerstingiella and Voandzeia
subterranea (at least in its broad-leaved states), is considerable
and the two have actually been confused, it may be useful to
point out the following differences.

Kerstingiella geocarpa.

Flowers subsessile in the axils of
the leaves, paired or solitary
without a distinct common
peduncle.

Calyx deeply divided, with
narrow, linear, subequal seg-

ments,
Style glabrous.

- Stigma terminal, capitate.
Stipes of pistil lengthening con-
siderably after fertilisation,
Seeds oblong-ellipsoid, 6-7 mm.

by 5 mm.

Voandzeia subterranea.

Flowers usually in pairs on a
common, more or less hairy,
peduncle terminating with a
callous swelling.

Calyx with short, broad and
unequal teeth.
tyle hairy on the inner side
upwards.

Stigma lateral, below the pointed
apex of the style.

Pistil without a stipes.

Seeds globose - ellipsoid, 1-
1°5 em. by 0°9-1°05 em.

_ The mechanism by which the pods of Kerstingiella become buried
in the ground is very singular and almost unique in ae esti

When the flowers,

which seem to be cha
developed, they are close to the

smogamous, are fu

y
ound, After fertilisation the

y gr
solid base or stipes of the pistil, which in the flower is very short,

213

lengthens into a carpopodium and at the same time turns towards the
round ; then the corolla and the style are thrown off. The ovary,
still very small, is pushed out of the calyx, and by the root-like
carpopodium gradually driven into the ground, where finally the
growth and the maturation of the ovary into the seed-bearing pod
takes place.
VERNACULAR NaMEs.

- Dr. Kersting states that the bean is called “ Kandela” in the

Sokode-Basari District in Northern Togoland, whilst Chevalier
quotes the following names:—Doi and Nadou (Dahomey);
Dieguem tenguéré (Mossé), Kouarourou (Hausa), Dougoufalo
(Bambara) and Bindi (Baunnako).

The specimen collected by Mr. W. R. Elliot in Nupe bears the
name “ Pararu.”* This has been referred to Voandzeia subterranea
by Mr. J. H. Holland in “ The Useful Plants of Nigeria” (Kew
Bull. Add. Ser. ix., part ii., p. 232). Dr. Dalziel’s Kawaruru
(Holland, 1.c.) from Kontagora is evidently the same as Chevalier’s
Kouarourou, mentioned above.

II. DISCOVERY OF VOANDZEIA SUBTERRANEA IN
THE WILD STATE.

This plant, so widely cultivated in Africa and in other parts of
the tropics has up till recently been unknown in the wild state,
although everything pointed to the fact that it had its origin in
Tropical Africa. ‘The question seems now to be definitely solved by
the simultaneous discovery in August, 1909, of the wild form by
Dr. Dalziel in the bush in the Kilba country, north of Yola, and
close to the frontier of German Adamaua, and by C. Ledermann, near
Garua in German Adamaua, The specimens differ in no way from
the narrow-leaved states of the cultivated Voandzeia, excepting in
the more slender character of the stolons, peduncles and pedicels, and
the short petiolule of the terminal leaflet. In neither case, however,
were fruits collected. Kew is indebted to Dr. H. Harms for a
specimen of Ledermann’s plant and information about it.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE.

The figures have been reproduced from the Berichte d. Deutschen
Botanischen Gesellschaft, vol. xxvi. a, tab. III., by the kind
permission of the secretary and the author :—(1) The plant, with
fruits and flowers; (2) a flower; (3) a calyx, laid open;
(4) a standard; (5) one of the wings; (6) keel; (7) pistil;
(8 and 9) advanced stages of the pistil with enlarged stipes ;
(10) a pod, not quite mature, cut open; (11) seed, seen from the
hilum side ; (12) the same in side view ; (13) embryo.

All enlarged, excepting 1, 11, and 12 which are natural size.

* This is given as the Hausa name of Voandzeia by Dudgeon (The Agric. and
Forest Prod. of Brit. West Africa, p. 152), and a sample of Paruru seeds in the
Imperial Institute, collected by Dudgeon, is undoubtedly Voandzeia subterrannea

214

XXIV.—NOTES ON SOME NEW AND CRITICAL PLANTS
FROM EASTERN ASIA.

H. TaxeEpa.

During the time that I have been engaged in a study of some
Japanese plants in the Kew Herbarium, [ have noticed several
which have either required critical revision or have been left
undescribed. In this short paper only certain plants belonging to
six genera are dealt with, which for the sake of convenience are
arranged alphabetically.

ARISAEMA,

Several names have been proposed for the various forms of
Arisaema japonicum and A. serratum, Different views in classifi-
cation have also been put forward by not 4 few botanists. These
two plants have been known to us from the time, previous to

acmpfer’s visit in the year 1690; he saw the former plant and
referred to it in his book under the name of ‘ Nansoo, fc. . . .*
Thunbergt considered the same plant to be Arum Dracunculus,

comes across a specimen with a green flower (in the broadest sense),
the leaf of which has conspicuous serration on the margin, or vice
versa. After a comparison of a great many specimens obtained
from different parts of Japan, Makino came to the conclusion that
these two plants are merely forms of one and the same species.{t
He adopted the oldest name serratum, for the specific name of the
plant in question, and called the serrated-leaved form forma
Thunbergit, and the other forma Blumei.

The question seemed to have been settled then, and we followed
this view,

In the year 1906, I had an opportunity of collecting a good many
oo of these Poe in several places of Central as well as

orthern Japan. Examining those specimens, it struck me, that

* Kaempfer, Amoenit. Exotic., p- 786. (1712).
t+ Thunb. FI. Japon., p. 233 (1784).

{ Blume, in Rumphis, i, p. 106

t 7. , i, p. 106 (1835).
Thunb. in Trans. Linn. Soc., ii, p: 338 (1793).
Thunb, Ic. Pl. Japon., iv, tab. 7

«y IV
f Schott, Meletem. Bot., i, p. 17 (1832).
*° Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. phere p. 549.
Tf Makino, in Téky6 Bot. Mag., xv, pp. 128, 129 (1901).

215 :

there exist certain other characters, by which we can distinguish
two different plants. Owing to the encouragement I have received
from Mr. T. Makino, I continued my investigations and came to
the conclusion, that A. serratum and A. japonicum must be regarded
as two distinct species. Recently I was able to examine a number
of specimens preserved in the Kew Herbarium, some of which have
been referred to by the previous workers. The result of this
comparison agreed very well with that of my former study, and
seems to me not to be superfluous to publish here. The principal
points by which we can distinguish these two species are as follows :—

The central one of the pedately-arranged leaflets :
more or less long-stalke 3 ... A, japonicum
generally sessile or shortly stalked ... A. serratum
The elongate appendage of the spadix :
slender and sometimes more or less atten-
uated towards the apex and slightly
curve ess = ow ... A, japonicum
stout, clavate, more or less thickened at
pex - wee sve .. A, serratum
The tubular part of the spathe :
cylindrical, slightly recurved at the
mouth, generally longer than the
lamina Ri =r ae ... A, japonicum
infundibuliform, much recurved at th
mouth, generally equal in length to
the lamina... ie iggy .. A, serratum
The characteristics represented by the flower are well marked in
living specimens, but are rather obliterated by pressing them.
The colour of the flower and of the patches on the stem is but little
reliable, since there often occurs an intermediate condition, and also
it shows a certain degree of modification every year. The serration
on the leaf-margin does not afford a character distinguishing for
species or varieties in many species of Arisaema. As in these two
plants, Engler regards the serration as a principal character distin-
guishing A. Sazensoo from A. amurense.* In nature these plants

was ; and in general, the male plant is smaller than the female, It
appears to me, that the question of sex in this genus is determin

* Engl., Le., p. 550.

216

by the amount of nutrition which a plant obtains from soil. It
sometimes happens that a particularly well developed specimen of a
dioecious species may become monoecious, and I have observed such
a case in A. Thunbergii and in A. heterophylla. With regard to
these interesting phenomena, further observations and experiments
are very much to be desired. :

A. serratum grows in Central and South-Western Japan, while
A. japonicum is widely distributed nearly all over the country and
also even in China, Corea and in Manchuria. Where these two
species occur together, hybridisation seems to take place between
them. One sometimes comes across an intermediate form about
which it is by no means easy to decide from herbarium material.

In conclusion I may perhaps mention here the nomenclature and
also the specimens represented in the Kew Herbarium.

Arisaema japonicum— Blume, in Rumphia, i, 106 (1835). A.
amplissimum, Bl. ; Mig. Prol., p.134. A. latisectum, Bl. ; Migq., l.c.
A, japonicum var. angustifoliolata, Miq., l.c., p. 375. A. japonicum
var. latisectum, Miq., l.c. A. japonicum var. latifoliolata, Schott.
A, serratum forma Blumei, Makino, in Tékyé Bot. Mag., 1901,
p- 129, partim. A. angustatum, Fr, et Sav. Enum. Pl. Japon., ii,
pp. 3, 507.

Japan, Without definite locality, ex Herb. Lugduno-Batav.,
J, Small, 1853; Nagasaki, Maximowicz, 1863,* Oldham, n. 818 ;

mountains, Maries.
Hina. Hupeh, Henry, 5371; Tientai Mt., prov. Chekiang,
Faber, 1889. Kew, cult., type of Bot. Mag., 610-2130 m., 7916.

_ SAPAN.
Musashi, Watanabe, 1895.
There is a specimen at Kew collected by Maximowicz at

spathe is very large and deep purple in colour.
Both Arisaema japonicum and A. Tahkedai produce bulbils on the
corm, while, so far as I am aware, they are absent in A. serratum.
e, herbarium specimens do not show this point, so that,
at present, I am unable to be precise about this character.
eee er ee ee

* Makino, in Tékyd Bot. Mag., xxiv, p. 73.

217

CALAMAGROSTIS.

About a dozen species of this genus were recognised by Hackel
as natives of Japan, when he published the “ Enumeratio Graminum
Japoniae.”* In the year 1910 I addedt seven new species to the
flora of Japan, and at present po a are known to us.
So reduced C. hakonensis, Fr. t Sav , ¢. sachalinensis,

time

C. achanonen and coat pated it with a specimen collected by
Mr. Dickins, and named C. oe Although these two plants
are so alike, yet there are some marked characters by which the
two species may be easily dusGneaahal rom an examination of
several specimens, I am led to the conclusion that C. hakonensis
should be retained as a distinct species

The chief points of distinction of these two plants are as
follows :—

Calamagrostis ee Fr, Schm., Reis. Awe. Sachal,
p. 202, tab. 8, fig. :

euse iaeiipuiinas ; “folie in sicco plerumque planis, vagina
glaberrima, ligula brevi saepe in foliis superioribus brevissima ;
glumis sterilibus inaequalibus, II™ brevi, glumam fertilem aequanti
vel longiore,

Japan. Ganju, Maurie, 13,656 ; Rishiri, Faurie, 8424 ; Rebun,
Faurie, 8548. Saghalien, Fr. Schmidt.

Calamagrostis hakonensis, Fr. e¢ Sav., Enum. Pl. Japon. ii,

168,
TT nea: praecedenti valde affinis, sed ab ea follis in sicco saepius
convolutis, basi externe annulo pilorum cinctis, vagina villosula,
ligula pleiengie: producta, glumis sterilibus aequalibus, carina
scabra differt.

Japan. Ad basin Fuji, Dickins, x. 1881; Osorezan, Faurie,
4599 ; Hakodate, Mazximowicz, 1861; Otaru, Faurie, 1362, 2879,
et 3088; Mombetsu, Faurie, 1002.

When describing C. variiglumis, in my paper, I stated that
my plant differs from C. sachalinensis in certain points, This is
certainly not quite correct, since I mean C. hakonensis with
C. sachalinensis.

When describing my C. nana, I was not able to find out any
allied species, but last year I found a few specimens at Kew, which
are so similar to my plant, that I could not draw any specific dis-
tinction between them. In consequence, my plant is to be regarded
as follows :—

Calamagrostis deschampsioides, T'rin., wis Gram. Ic. et Desc.
iii, sub tab. 354. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. iv, p. 427.

bes nana, Takeda
lanta typica foliorum laminis longioribus vaginas excedentibus,
dite sterilibus moore inaequalibus, arista breviore distinguitur.

* Hackel, = Bull. Herb. Boiss., vii, 1899.
Tr ae 6 Bot. t. Mag,, xxiv, No. 277.
i Hackel, be 650.

218

JAPAN, pe peaaks T. Yamanaka, 1906'; Higashi-Koma-
gatake, H. Takeda, 1906

The type form is distributed in Kamtschatca, Behring, Baical,
and Arete Russia, while the variety is known at present only from
the Alpine region of high mountains of Central Japan.

CALTHA.

The following new form of Caltha palustris from China has been
gah in the Kew Herbarium, a description of which is given
bel

cal palustris, Z. var. sibirica, Regel, Pl. Radd. i, p.53 ; subvar.
palmata, Takeda.

Caulis adscendens vel erectiusculus, gracilis, elatus, usque 40 ¢
altus, uni- vel bifoliatus. Folia crassiuscula, radicalia etidlata,
oblongo-ovata vel ovato-orbiculata, lobis basilaribus conniventibus,
a crenato-dentata, caulina ambitu reniformia, basi pro-
unde et aperte cordata, profunde palmato-incisa vel laciniata,
lobis ar rie pauciserratis. Flores mediocres, 3-3°5 cm. diam., plus
minus longe pedunculati, bracteis ambitu cordato-ovatis, fere palma-
tilobis, laciniis angustis integris pauciserratisve. Carpella 7-10,
in stylum brevem eile a Fe eaegete bl erecta.

,HINA. Yunnan ; mountain marshes, 1980 m., rare,
W. Hancock, 164 ; Yunnan, Fr. ‘Duclouz, 3294, Delavay, 1084.

GLAUCIDIUM.

This genus, established by Siebold and Zuccarini,* was based on
anonens collected in Yezo, Japan. As these botanists had but

ew specimens with fully opened flowers, they could not give a
stifactory description of the genus, and they doubted whether the
whorl of the perianth represented the calyx, the corolla beimg
wanting, or whether the calyx was caducous, and did not remain on
the fully opened flowers. The true nature of the perianth was
precy. described by Bentham and Hookerf and by Baillon.{
There still remained an error Accs regard to the arrangement of

on the placen enta.

ow, there is only one species of this genus called G. palmatum,* .
which is found in Yezo as well as on the mountains of Central
Japan.

raceous plant known as Hylomecon japonicum, Prantl tl (syn. Chelido-
nium japonicum, Thunb. , Stylophorum japonicum, Miq., Chelidonium

* Sieb. et Zucc. Florae Japon. Fam. Nat., n. 185 (1845).
+ Benth. et Hook. Genera, Pl. i, p. 7.
oat His - des i, p. j

et Gagn. in B
I] Fiat Guan lap te tab. iv, fig. A.

219

iii S. et Z. and Hylomecon vernale, Maxim.), which is distri-
buted throughout the Far East. The only points which contradict
my supposition are that this Chinese species has (1) no radical leaf,
(2) only four sepals but no petals, and (3) biseriate ovules.
first and second points are most probably due to the imperfections
of the specimen which came into the hands of these authors, The
description and figures of the ovary given by the French authors
are puzzling, since they point to an intermediate character between
Ranunculaceae and Papaveraceae, One unmistakable character of
Papaveraceae, however, is well represented by the stamen of the
plant in question. The filament tapers towards the apex, and does
not continue to the connective, as the French authors describe and
figure. Another eine against referring the plant to Glaucidium
is the absence of a bract below the flower.

Anyone who compares the figures of Glaucidium pinnatum with
those of Hylomecon joao published either in the Botanical
Magazine, tab. 583 Maximowicz’s “ Primitae Florae
Amurensis,” tab. 3; will Rats agree with my view, even without
dissecting the flow

Another vofnarkatils species, G. paradoxum, was described by
Makino.* This species is distinguished from G. palmatum mainly
by having four carpels (two of these are said to be abortive), and by
some of the stamens being malformed and assuming a carpe -like
appearance. ‘This is certainly a peculiar, but not at all a surprising
phenomenon amongst Ranunculaceae. It is well known that the
stamens of various members of this family are often metamorphosed
into petaloid forms. It would not therefore be at all surprising
should four normal carpels occur in Glaucidium palmatum, because
this plant, which normally has two carpels slightly connate at the
base, has often only a single carpel, and sometimes may have as
many as three. As the author suggests, the specimen he examined -
is evidently a monstrous form of G. palmatum, and not a distinct
valid species.

Although this pluricarpellar malformation suggests an apparent
similarity between this genus and the North American Hydrastis,
these two genera cannot be et since the structure of the
pam is eae different in the

The of G. palmatum is easy solitary, but in a vigorous
plant inate sete tables occur two flowers borne at the summit of the
stem, and then the bract is common to the two flowers.

A species of Hydrastis was recorded from Japan, under the name
of H. jesoensis, Sieb., a very brief description of which is given by
Miguel.f Prantl,t usually a careful botanist, accepted this. species.
Huth§ entertained doubts about it, and suggested that it might be
a species of Glaucidium, though not G. palmatum. Miquel’s
description of this doubtful plant is very vague, still there one can
—— a characteristic of prtsasr ium in it, as he says, “. . . car-
pellis . . basi inter se connatis, . ” This does not occur
in Fires but does in Blouin " F have no doubt that this

* Makino, in Tokyé Bot oe Saf p. 71 (1910).

¢ Prantl, in Engl. u. Pr. Nat irl. Pflanzen-Fam., iii, 2, p. 55.
§ Huth, in Eng). Bot. Jahrb, xvi, pp. 292, 293.

220

plant is nothing but Glaucidium palmatum, a deflorous specimen of
which was mistaken by both Siebold and Miquel to be a species of
Hydrastis.

It would be very inconvenient to a student of botany should such
plants as Glaucidium pinnatum or Hydrastis jesoensis, which only
exist in herbaria or in literature, be taken as examples in a phyto-
geographical work, and erroneous conclusions be drawn theretrom.

LEUCOTHOE.

A very interesting case of the occurrence of a N. American genus
Leucothoé in Japan was first made known by A. Gray in the year
1859.* He described the plant as a new species calling it L. chlor-
antha on account of the flower colour mentioned by the collector.
He probably did not notice that there was another plant belonging
to the same family with the same name, which is sometimes referred
to a different genus as Agarista chlorantha. For this reason

L. chloranthae, DC. enumeratae. Huic a LZ. chlorantha vera
alienae, Max. Le. merito nomen ZL. Grayanae dedit, . . . 4;
because there is no evidence that Gray took our plant for the South
American plant and enumerated it as De. Candalle’s species.
erhaps Grays original paper was not at Boissieu’s disposal, and
his remark was derived from a wrong source.
_ Maximowiezt added a new species called L. T'schonoshii, which
is very closely related to the former species, but differs from it in a
few not very conspicuous points. In “Les Ericacées du Japon,”
H. de Boissieu§ enumerates two species of this genus: 1, L. T'schonos-
kui, and 2, L. Grayana, Maxim. He remarks under the former
species “a specie sequenti foliorum et collorae forma tantum, sed, ut
mihi videtur, sat distincta.” As he had a good many specimens of
the latter species, he was able to break it up into three varieties :
a, typica, (3, intermedia, and y, Wrightiana.

It seems to me that these authors lay too much stress on the form
and texture of the leaf as a ground for separating species and
varieties. But if they once visited the places where L. Grayana
grows and examined living specimens, they would assuredly change
their opinion, In fact in Japan there are only two species of this
genus: one is L. Keiskei, Miq.| and the other is L. Grayana,
Maxim. These two are endemic in J apan ; the former is distrib-
uted over Central and South Western J apan, the latter in Central
and Northern Japan.

L, Keiskei scarcely varies, while L. Grayana is very polymorphic.
As pointed out above, it is not safe to attempt to distinguish forms
by the shape and texture of the leaf. Maximowicz also separates
L. Tschonoshii from L, Grayana by the character of the corolla,
* A. Gr. Botany of J; . 399.
Maxim. in Mel. Biol, vii. B13,
t H. de Boiss. in Bull. Herb. Boiss., v, p. 911 (1897).

iss., Le.
; Miq. in Ann, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat., i, p. 32.

221

which in the former plant is ovoid-globose, while in the latter it is
globose. This character, however, depends upon the time of

species. Such a slight variation is quite insufficient ground for
distinguishing species. The last, characteristic of L. Tschonoshii
given by Maximowicz is the pubescence of the ovary, Still as
Boissieu* points out, the hairy ovary occurs also in certain forms of
LI. Grayana.

In reality the hairiness of the ovary is the important character of
u Monsen of L. Grayana, and the leaf has here no significance
whateve

The aplies diould: therefore, be arranged as follows :—

ee feat Maxim., emend. a Maximowicziana, Takeda.,

1. Gray Maxim. in Mél. Biol., viii, p. 613. Z. Grayana, a
typica, Boas in Bull. Herb, Boiss., v, p. 911,
vario glabro.

2. Tschonoskii, Takeda., L. Tschonoshii, Maxim., |.c., L. Grayana
[3 tntermedia et Wrightiana, Boiss., lc.

Ovario sivloate pubescente.

It seems to me probable that C. Wright tec several speci-
mens of this plant in the neighbourhood of Hakodate, most of which
= probably — variety a, from which this nies was described

by A. Gray a d Maximowicz. A few must be the variety (3, on
which Sccer established his var. Wrightiana.

TRIPTERYGIUM.

This very interesting genus of Celastraceae was discovered b
Wilford in Formosa in the year 1858. Sir J. D. Hooker described
the plant under the name of 7. Wilfordi.t or genl yon? later a
second species, 7’. Bullochii, was published by H.
is said to differ from 7. Wilfordi in having a 6-lobed stigma and
branchlets covered with ferruginous hairs. aximowicz, in his
paper on the lastece 2 Asiatic Celastraceae,§ regards these plants as
distinct species, and distinguishes them by the number
stigmatic lobes, and by the shape of the fruit. This classification
was adopted by Lésener,]|| although Hemsley{ states 7. Bullockii,
Hance, is the same as Hooker’s plant.

few years after the _pubiee use of JT. Wilfordi and before
T. Bullockii became known, Regel** gave a figure and a
epenution of 7. Wilfordi, which was drawn from the specimen
sent to Hooker and determined by him.

According to this decongtion; the plant has a 6-lobed stigma
and glabrous branchlets. ‘Thus, the number of the stigmatic lobes

* Boiss., le

t Hooker,3 in Benth. et Hook. page PL, i, p. 368.

+ Hance, in Journ. Bot., 1880,

§ Maxim., in Mél. Biol ‘ "xi, p- 206 (1881),

| Lésener, in Engl. u. Pr. Pflanzenfam., iii, 5, p. 213 (1892).
ey, in In is, i, p. 125 (1886).

#* Rogel, Gartenfl , 1869, p. 105 t. 612.
++ Maisuda, in Tokyo Bot. Mag., xxiv, p, 286 (1910),

222

the genus 7'ripterygium requires alteration. ‘T'wo kinds of flower
occur in this genus, as in some other members of this family: one
is hermaphrodite and the other male with unfertilized ovules. The
male flower assumes the same appearance as the hermaphrodite, -
with the difference that the stigma is imperfectly lobed, and.
incapable of receiving pollen grains. Hooker's description of the
stigma was probably based on the male flower, in which the style is
slightly shorter than in the other, clavate in shape, and the stigma
is more or less slightly 3-lobed. The diagnosis of the stigma in
this genus must therefore be emended to read “6-lobed in the
normal flower

As to whether 7. Bullockii should be regarded as a distinct.
species, or is merely a variety, or identical with 7. Wilfordi, I
entirely agree with Hemsley that these two plants are the same, and
that 7. Bullockii is not even a variety.

One important thing to be mentioned here is the difference
between the specimens of 7. Wilfordi from Formosa and those from
Japan. The former is the plant described by Hooker and also by
Hance, and the latter by Regel; it is distributed in Corea as well.

he difference was also noticed by Matsuda, but unfortunately
he used entirely wrong names. The Japanese ‘form appears very.
similar to the Formosan at first glance, but differs in characters of
indumentum, texture and crenation of the leaf, more floriferous
inflorescence, and in the shape of the fruit

new arrangement of the species agli forms of this genus is
given below.

Tripterygium Wilfordi, Hook. f. in Benth. et Hook. Gen. Pl. i,
p. 368.—Hemsl. Ind. FI. Sin. i, p. 125, excl. spec.e Corea; 7. Buil-
lockii, Hanes, = Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 259.—Maxim. in Mél. Biol.
xi, p. 206; 7. Wilfordi var. Bullockii, Matsuda, in Tékyé Bot.
Mag. xxiv, p. 286.

Folia subcoriacea, longe et vv caudato-acuminata, margine

asta
cosi, ferrugineo-hirtelli, sian, ferrugineo-tomentosis. Fructus
alis basi plerumque truncatis vel aes cordatis, apice subtruncatis
vel leviter emarginatis, margine integ

Formosa. On banks of the Rivet Saas S Wilford ; Tamsui,
Oldham, 1864 ; Kelung, C. Ford, 1884 ; Faurie, 75.

Curva. Great Black Mt. 5-7000 ft. , Hancock, "984; N.W. Yunnan,
G. Forrest, 808 ; “in collibus domiedia secus fl. ‘Liang, reg. septentr.
provinciae Hunan,” Bullock, 1878, hb. Hance, 20,692.

Var. exesum, Sprague et Takeda.

Differt a typo foliis utrinque 6-9-costatis, fructibus paulo majori-
bus, maturis purpureo-rubris, alis basi cordatis apice profunde et
aperte emarginatis.

i1NA, Yunnan: Mengze, N. Mts., 1520 m., A. Henry, 10,203.

This variety is very peculiar in the shape of the fruit, which is
deeply cut at the apex. The colour of the fruit corresponds to the
Chinese description given in Chi wu ming shi t‘u kao, vol. gr
fol. 15. This variety may perhaps be a distinct species, but owi
to the lack of Spe material, we hesitate to raise it to the rank ‘of
species,

223

Tripterygium Regelii, Sprague et Takeda, sp. nov.; 7. Wilfordi,
Regel, in Gartenfl. 1869, p. 105, tab. 612; 7. Wilfordi, Maxim. l.c.
— Matsuda, I.c.

A specie praecedente differt praesertim foliis majoribus charta-
ceis acutis vel acuminatis utrinque 6~9-costatis margine grosse
crenatis ; ramis minus verrucosis, glabris vel pilosis, ramulis glabres-
centibus vel albido-hirtellis ; inflorescentia floribunda ; fructibus
majoribus, alis basi profunde cordatis apice emarginatis margine
irregulariter sinuatis.

Japan. Kujisan (errore Kunjésan appell.), prov. Kyfshd,
Maszimowicz, 1863 ; Honddji, prov. Uzen, R. Yatabe, 1887; Mt.
Chokai, prov. Ugo, M. Komai, 1906

Corea. Seoul, Carles, 1884; “fluviam Jalu super., districtus
Samsu circa Sangsu-u,” V. Komarov, 1897.

XXV.—SAPIUM CLADOGYNE, A NEW SPECIES FROM
BRITISH GUIANA.
J. HutcHinson.

In December, 1910, a series of specimens of Sapium collected by
Mr. F. A. Stockdale, Assistant Director of Agriculture, and others
in British Guiana were communicated to Kew by Prof. J. B.
Harrison, Director of Agriculture, for comparison with the type of
S. Jenmani, Hemsl.

female branches are detected only by close examination. The
female flowers evidently attain maturity a considerable time after
the fall of the male, the axis bearing the latter soon articulating at
the base and leaving a large scar which can be plainly seen in the
young and also in the mature fruiting stages. : :

It appears to the writer that this difference in the time of
flowering of the two sexes constitutes another important character
erving to separate the species, for in S. Jenmani it is highly
probable that pollination is affected by male flowers from the same
individual, whereas in S. eladogyne this is obviously not possible,
Field notes on this point would be of interest,

224

In a communication received by the writer in October, 1911,
Mr. Stockdale states that since his paper was published in the
Journal quoted above it has come to his notice that the latex
produced by plants of the new species (8. cladogyne) is somewhat
different from that obtained from S. Jenmaniz, but that complete
analyses at not then been made. He adds the important. fact that

in the new species (S. su a the branches spread "almost
horizontally. He further states that the colour of the leaves is
arker in the latter species.

Sapium cladogyne, Hutchinson, sp. nov.; affinis S. Jenmani,
Hemsl., spicis ¢_ terminalibus post anthesin deciduis, spicis
2 suboppositis sub maris anthesi vix evolutis ad basin rhachis
maris sitis differt,

rbor 6-7 m. alta ; ramuli juniores glabri. Folia sparsa, oblonga
vel oe ee obtuse caudato-acuminata, basi plerumque
euneata, 4-12 cm. longa, 2-4°5 cm. lata, integra vel remotissime
Pistulosc-dentioulats, chartacea, crebre minuteque pellucido-
punctata, nervis primariis lateralibus utrinque 8-10 arcuatis promin-
entibus ; petioli 1-2-5 em. longi, apice glandulis lateralibus sessilibus
parvis instructi. In florescentiae bisexuales, ramulis lateralibus
brevibus terminatae. Spicae terminales, = ad 12 em.
longae, post anthesin deciduae; spicae Q 2, suboppositae, sub
maris anthesi vix evolutae, ad basin rhachis sitae. Flores
8-9 ageregati, glandulis geminatis peltatis suffulti; bracteae
semiorbiculares 3 bracteolae setulosae. Calyx bipartitus, glaber ;
segmenta suborbicularia. Stamina 2; filamenta 1 mm. longa,
crassa, glabra; antherae 0°75 mm. latae. Flores Q non Visi.
Infructescentiae geminatae, pedunculatae, 4-7 cm. longae ; rhachis
leviter flexuosa, glabra. Capsulae crustaceae, 1-loculares, 1 spermae,
subglobosae, circiter 0°7 cm. diametro, 2-valves. Semina sub-
globosa, paullo compressa, 0°35 cm. diametro, extus pulposa.
S. Jenmani, Hemsl. in Hook. Ic. Pl. sub. t. 2649, as to Jenman,
seta Pax in Engler, Pflanzenr. Euphorb.-Hippomaneae, p. 217,
ye

British Guiana. Head of Pomeroon River, Jenman, 7505!
Arriah Trib; Upper Pomeroon cdi Bechett, 8628! Fort
Tsland ; Essequibo River, Beckett, 8767! 8768! Stockdale, 8766!
Cultivated in the Botanic Gardens, Georgetonn, Foote! Bartlett,
8724! Stockdale, 8765! Greeves, 8766

j
j

XXVI—DIAGNOSES AFRICANAE, XLVIII.

1. Alsodeiopsis Chippii perce Olacaceae-Icacineae] ;
affinis A. Rowlandii, Engl., sed r. mulis jun oribus dense strigoso-
pilosis, foliis Ba te longe Rae petiolie hrovioribns inflorescentiis
paucifloris

ruler mu val Juniores graciles, dense strigoso-pilosi. Folia
oblongo-elliptica eek leviter oblongo-oblanc esata acu nts ac umin-
ata, basi inaequaliter rotundata, 7-13 em. longa, 3-5 cm. lata,

. 225

integra, membranacea, supra longe setosa, subtus pilosa, nervis
lateralibus utrinque 8-10 paullo- arcuatim ascendentibus supra
distinctis subtus prominentibus, nervis tertiariis subparallelis ; petioli
3-4 mm. longi, strigoso-pilosi. Inflorescentia brevis, pauciflora,
brevissime pedunculata, pedunculo 0°5 cm, longo piloso ; a

-7 mm. longi, graciles, leet ie Sepala subulata, 1°5 mm.
longa, extus pubescentia. Petala libera, flava, lanceolata, subobtusa,
4 mm. longa, 1°25 mm. lata, extus parce pubescentia, intus glabra.
Stamina quam petala breviora ; antherae 0°75 mm. longae. Ovarium
subcylindricum, adpresse pilosum, i in stylum glabrum gracilem petala
vix aaa attenuatum. Fructus ignoti.

Tropican Arrica. Gold Coast: Axim district; near
Boker (Atissintbo), Chipp, 46.

1342. ears giebever ns Dimmer [Leguminosae-Geni-
steae]; B. vimineae, sl, affinis sed habitu graciliore undique
glabrescens, foliolis br ahenbas a lanceolatis, racemis laxis
distat,

Herba perennis, ubique floribus exceptis glabrescens; caules annui
florentes pauci vel conferti, fere stricti, graciles, subteretes, ad 30cm.
alti, dense foliosi. lia ascendentia, trifoliolata, exstipulata ; petioli
teretiusculi, circiter 2 mm. longi ; foliola saepe conduplicata, anguste
subfalcato-lanceolata, acuta, ig ek —— aut quadruplo longiora,
dorso costata, subcoriacea. Rac 2 terminales ad 3°5 ecm. alti,
8-15 flori, floribus perbreviter pedicallatia bractea subulato-lanceolata
calycis tubum fere aequans aut eo brevior. Calyx 3°5 mm. longus,
parce sericeus mox glaber, dentibus obtuse deltoideis tubo triplo
brevioribus. Ve milli limbus fere orbiculatus, incrassatus, 4 mm.
diametro, extus parce sericeus, ungui sulcato fere aequilongus ; ; alae
graciliter unguiculatae, circiter 5 mm. longae, limbis oblique navi-
cularibus obtusis basi au uriculis ornatis ; carina alis similis nisi
lamina angustiore. Ovarium sericeum, 8-10 ovulatum, stylo arcuato
glabro ovario saltem duplo longiore.

Soutma Arrica. LEastern Region: Natal ; without precise
locality, Carel 1090.

Few of the Buchenroederas exhibit a glabrescent habit, this
species and B. pauciflora, Schlechter, nos | exceptions ; the species
under consideration exhibits an affinity to B. viminea, Presl, but the
character alluded to, the plant’s slender habit, shorter lanceolate
leaflets and more laxly flowering racemes render the species easy of
identification.

1343. Buchenroedera Macowanii, Diimmer [Leguminosae-Geni-
steae]; B. multiflora, Eckl. et Zeyh., habitu magis divaricato-ramoso,
foliolis brevioribus obovato-cuneatis, capitulis 2-3 floris, floribus
minoribus isiepeends.

hcg divaricato-ramossisimus, superne dense foliatus, ad
20 em. altus, er, argenteo demum ulvido-sericeus, ramulis ultimis
sivcites 3°5 em. longis. Folia trifoliolata ; petioli oli 1 mm. longi-
tudinis vix excedens; foliola saepissime ‘conduplicata, obvato-
cuneata, reflexo-mucronata, inter se aequilonga vel terminalia
paulo ge at be 3 mm nee utrinque creberrime sericea, mox
supra glabrescentia, coriacea ; m deciduae,
petiolos pute: superantes, falcato-subulatae, apice valde deflexae.

24254 B

226

Inflorescentia terminalis, sessilis, umbellatim 2—3-flora, floribus per-
breviter pedicellatis bracteolis subulatis parvulis munitis.

4 mm. longus, extra fulvide-hirsutulus, dentibus deltoideis tubo triente
brevioribus. Vexillum breviter unguiculatum toto 6 mm. altum,
limbo suborbiculari postice fulvo-sericeo (sicco pallide lilacino
margine albido) ; alae graciliter unguiculatae, glabrae, limbis oblongis
rotundatis basi truncatis unguibus aequilongis ; carina alis paulo
brevior, lamina naviculari 3-3°5 mm. longa, acutata basi auriculis
parvulis ornata, extra sericea. Ovarium 2 mm, longum, valde
-fulvo-hirtellum, stylo ovario duplo longiore glabro arcuato ; stigma
fere simplex

Sourn Arrica. Central Region: Somerset Div. ; on Bruintjes
Hoogte, 1500 m., Mac Owan, 1738.

1344. Buchenroedera uniflora, Diimmer [Leguminosae-Genisteae] ;
B. Macowanii, Diimmer, similis, nisi habitu magis prostrato, indu-
mento crassiore villosulo-tomentosa, floribus plerumque solitariis,
leguminibus calyces valde excedentibus.

Suffrutex adpresse prostratus, conferte divaricato-ramossisimus,
dense foliatus, primo undique praeter flores fulvido-villosulo-tomen-
tosus. Folia trifoliolata ; petioli 1 mm. longi aut longiores, foliola
petiolis duplo vel triplo longiora, saepissime conduplicata, anguste
cuneata, acutata, inter se subaequilonga, incrassata ; stipula unica
mox decidua, foliolis similis. Flores axillares, solitarii (raro bini),
breviter pedicellati. Calyx circiter 4 mm. longus, extra hirtellus,
dentibus deltoideis acutis tubo duplo brevioribus. Corolla gla-
berrima ;_ vexillum unguiculatum, spatulatum, acutum, basi fere

. truncatum, toto 5 mm. longum; alae leviter curvatae, obtusae, basi
truncatae, omnino 5-6 mm. Jongae; carina alis similis sed latior
unguibus gracilibus limbo fere aequilongis. Legumen turgido-
compressiusculum, rectum, oblongum, ad 10 mm. longum, 3 mm.
latum, hirtellum, 6-10 spermum.

SoutH Arrica. Central Region: Graaff Reinet Div.; on

the summit of Mount Koudveld, Sneeuwberg Range, 1500 m.
Bolus, 2580.
: The relatively long legume distinguishes this species from any of
its nearer allies and is eminently suggestive of Lotononis, but the
short, almost equally 5-toothed calyx emphasises its approximation
to this genus,

1345. Melolobium decorum, Dimmer [Leguminosae-Genisteae] ;
M. candicanti, Eckl. et Zeyh., peraffinis sed habitu robustiore,
foliolis majoribus, floribus plurimis majoribus, bracteis majusculis
calyces fere aequantibus recedit,

Frutex divaricato-ramossisimus, spinosus ad 40 cm. altus, primo
puberulo-viscidulus, demum glabrescens, spinis gracilibus nudis aut

_ 3-6-floris luteis ad 4 cm. longis, Folia trifoliolata; petioli ad
3 mm. longi; foliola obovato-cuneata, vix mucronulata vel rotundata,
inter se fere aequilonga vel lateralia paullo breviora ad 8 mm.
longa, 2°5 mm, lata, dorso costata, coriacea mox glabrescentia, pallide
viridescentia ; stipulae binae, arrectae, petiolos subaequantes vel
superantes dimidiatim ovatae vel ovato-lanceolatae, cordatae,
acutae, lores flavidi, pedicellis circiter 1 mm. longis; bractea
stipulis similis; bracteolae singulae aut binae, lanceolatae, acumi-
natae, foliosae, calycem fere aequantes. Calyr extus pubescens,

227

7-8 mm. longus. Corolla glabra ; vexillum unguiculatum, 10 mm.

altum, limbo fere orbiculato in unguem subaequilongum sensim

pubescens, stylo graciliter arcuato glabro.

SoutH Arrica. Central Region: (Graaff Reinet Div. ; on
the slopes of mountains near Graaff Reinet, 1140 m. Bolus, 483.

An exceedingly handsome and floriferous species, worthy of cul-
tural attention, most closely allied to M. candicans, Ecklon &
Zeyher, but distinguished by the more robust, floriferous habit,
larger leaves, flowers and bracteoles.

1346. Melolobium glanduliferum, Dimmer [Leguminosae-Genis-
teae]; species M. decumbenti, Benth., persimile, sed spinis longi-

rotundata aut acutata, inter se subaequalia, ad 5 mm. longa, vix
coriacea, pallide viridia ; stipulae binae, arrectae, semicordato-lanceo-
latae, acutae, petiolos subaequantes. lores perbreviter pedicellati,
ad spinas inferne dispositi, flavidi?; bractea stipulis similis ;
bracteola lanceolata, acuta, calycis tubum fere aequans. Calyx extra
pubescens, glandulosus, 6 m. longus. Corolla glabra; vexillum
unguiculatum, 8 mm. altum, lamina ovato-orbiculata ungui fere

FRICA. Kalahari Region: Basutoland ; without precise
locality, Cooper, 703.

A species having the xerophytic spinescent habit of M. decumbens,
Bentham, but differing in its glandulosity, relatively larger leaflets
and smaller flowers. Specimens gathered by Mr. A. Haagner at
Brandfort in the Orange River Colony (ex Herb. Conrath and
Kew, 1189) may belong here, but lack of flowers renders this
point undecisive.

1347. Melolobium macrocalyx, Dimmer | Leguminosae-Genisteae] ;
M. cernuo, Eckl. et Zeyh., affinis sed habitu magis distiche ramoso
parce folioso, indumento canescente, foliolis brevioribus, floribus
arrectis haud nutantibus, calyce corollam fere superante differt.

Fruticulus inermis, gracilis, laxe distiche ramosus, parce foliosus ad

0 cm. altus ubique corollis exceptis canescens, ramis lateralibus
adscendentibus teretibus ad 8 em. longis. Folia trifoliolata, magis
minusye arrecta ; petioli ad 2 mm. longi; foliola lineari-oblanceo-
lata, acutata, carnosula, supra canaliculata, subtus convexa, terminalia
ad 7 mm. longa, lateralia paullo aut duplo breviora; stipulae binae,
arrectae, oblique lanceolato-ovatae, acutatae, basi paullulo auriculatae,

4 mm. altae, intra glabrescentes. Spicae plurimae ad 5 cm, altae,
4—7 florae, floribus arrectis flavidis? ; bractea stipulis similis nisi
24254

228

major, calycis tubum aequans ; bracteolae ad calycis basem, binae,
lanceolatae, acutae. Calyx 6-7 mm. longus, segmentis binis
superioribus deltoideis tubo aequilongis, dentibus ternis infimis
1-1'5 mm, longis. Corolla in calyce fere inclusa, glabra ; vexillum
spatulatum, lamina concava obovata in unguem brevem attenuata ;
a unguiculatae, 6 mm. longae, limbis apicem versus angustatis
basi vix auriculatis; carina alis similis nisi latior, apice magis
rotundata, Legumen immaturum? complanatum, oblongum, rectum,
10 mm. longum, canescens, 2-spermum. M. cernuum, Benth. in
Hook. Lond. Jour. Bott. iii, 1844, 362 (in part),

Soutn Arrica. Kalahari Region: Griqualand West ; between
Klip Fontein and Knegt’s Fontein, Burchell, 2169. Bechuanaland;
pins south of Takun (between Pintado Fountain and Thermometer

ountain), Burchell, 2224.

German Souta-West Arrica. Hereroland, Okahandya,

00 m., Dinter.

Var. longifolia, Dimmer, typo similis nisi foliis longioribus.

Petioli ad 7 mm. longi; foliola saepe conduplicata, lineari-
oblonga, obtusiuscula, terminalia ad 20 mm. longa, lateralia paullo
breviora, supra glabrescentia, subtus pubescentia, margine incrassata.

Sourn Arrica. Central Region: Carnavon Div.; at Buffel’s
Bout, Burchell, 1610.

A species distantly related to M. cernuum, Eckl. and Zeyh., but
differing principally in the more robust canescent habit, the flowers,
which are appressed to the axis and the large calyces. Burchell’s
specimens were referred by Bentham to the former species, but
the characters cited, in conjunction with the more north-central
distribution of the species here described, does not support this
identification.

1348. Melolobium mixtum, Dimmer [Leguminosae-Genisteae] ;
M. glandulifero, Diimmer, affine, sed magis divaricato-ramosa,
petiolis foliola aequantibus aut superantibus, floribus minoribus,
cealycis labio inferiore superius valde superante recedit.

Sufrutex xerophyticus, divaricato-spinescenti-ramosus, prostratus
vel decumbens, undique corollis exceptis valde patentim pubescens
et stipitatim glandulosus; spinae ultimae 1-4-florae plerumque
simplices, a em. longae. Folia trifoliolata; petioli foliola
aequantes aut superantes ; foliola saepius conduplicata, oblanceolato-
cuneata vel lanceolata, acutata vel obtusa, inter se subaequilonga,
ad 6 mm. longa, 2 mm. lata, dorso prominenter costata, laete viridia ;
stipulae binae, arrectae, foliosae, semicordato-lanceolatae vel

229

SoutH AFRICA. ea Region: Queenstown Div., Cooper, 217.
Central Region: Somerset Div.; Somerset East, Zeyher, 105 ;
Bosch Berg, 1200 m. Mac Owan, 610. Albert Diy. , Cooper, 1393.
Kalahari Region: Orange River Colony ; Caledon River, Burke,
Zeyher, 391; Bloemfontein, Rehmann, 3816 ; Harrismith, Wood,
4789, Eastern Region : Transkei ; Tsomo, Baur, 475. Natal
Coldstream, Ftehmann, 6902,

consideration Fepoushdid M. eiticaatia Ecklon and Zeyher and
M. Burchellii, N. E. Brown, but the short spreading pubescense
distinguish it from the former, while the conspicuous glandulosity
and scarcely acute leaflets differentiate it from the latter species
immediately.

1349. Melolobium Pegleri, Dimmer Seti bec soe hoor agri a
M. alpino Ecklon et Zeyher, foliolis majoribus, stipulis petiolos
plerumque subaequantibus, bracteis anguste ovatis dictiaacttas:

Frutex ad 5 dm. altus, ramis subfastigiatis perpaucis ? ascenden-
itibus simplicibus graciusculis pubescenti-hispidulis foliatis. Folia —
trifoliolata ; petioli graciles, ad 5 mm. longi; foliola oblanceolato-
cuneata, mucronata aut emarginata, dorso costa prominente,
parce puberula, supra mox glabra, subcoriacea, terminalia ad

mm. longa, 4 mm. sate, nage terminalibus subaequalia
vel iis breviora ; ; stipulae binae, arrectae, semicordato-lanceo-
latae, acutae plerumque gestae fere aequantes, Racemi ter-
minales, recti, 6-14-flori, floribus perbreviter pedicellatis ; bractea

te-ovata, acuta, 2-3 mm. longa; bracteolae binae, sub-
ulatae, minutae. Calyx extus | ay a ge yan circiter 7 mm.
longus. Corolla glabra ; vexillum 8 mm. altum, lamina ovato-

orbiculari emarginata ungui fere See alengss alae 8-9 mm. longae,
limbis late oblongis rotundatis obtuse subsagittatis ; ungues 3 mm.
longi; carinae limbus anguste navicularis, rotundatus, basi sub-
sagittatus. Stylus Cpls arcuatus, glaber, ovario sericeo
brevior. Legumen oblongum, aleatum, subtorulosum, subcom-
pressiusculum, ad 2 cm. eras 3-4 spermum, viscidulo-pubescens.

outH Arrica. Eastern Region: Xalanga District; Cala,
hill-side,. 1200 m. Alice Pegler, 1739.

1350. Leucadendron Schlechteri, Philizps et Hutchinson in Dyer FI.
Cap. vol. v. sect. 1, p. 521, anglice [Proteaceae-Proteeae] ; affinis
L. Schinziano, Schlechter, " practeis 3 breviter pubescentibus vel
= © villoso-tomentosis, inflorescentiis ¢ et Q dissimilibus
differt

Rami teretes, dense appresse pubescentes ; ramuli junior
appresse albo-tomentosi. ola sy apie vel oblenseolata,
inferiora 1-2-2 cm. longa, 2°5-4 mm. lata, superiora majora, 3-5 cm.
longa, 5-6 mm. lata, omnia apice pest rigide coriacea,
utrinque dense appresse tomentosa. Inflorescentia ¢ solitaria,
terminalia, depresso-globosa, vix 1°5 cm. diametro; bracteae

230

extus villosus. Antherue lineares, 1°25 mm. longae. Stylus fili-
formis ; stigma clavatum, subacutum, 1°25 mm. longum. Inflores-
centia Q terminalis, depresso-globosa, 2-3 cm. diametro ; bracteae

obovatae, 8-10 mm. longae, 4-5 mm. latae, exteriores abrupte

longus, ovatus, subacutus, villosus. Staminodia 0°5 mm. longa,

oblonga, minute apiculata. Squamae hypegynae 1 mm. longae,

ovatae, acuminatae. Stylus 7 mm. longus, oblique insertus, fili-

formis, glaber; stigma bilobum. Ovarium 3 mm. longum,
m,

Souta Arrica. Cape Colony: Clanwilliam Div. ; Cedarberg
Range, at Ezelsbank, Schlechter, 8829, 8830.

1351. Leucadendron radiatum, Phillips et Hutchinson in Dyer FI.

ap. vol. v., sect. 1, p. 529, anglice [Proteaceae-Proteeae] ; species
inflorescentiis foliis dense appresse tomentosis numerosis patulis
circumdatis distinctum.

Suffrutex robustus, circiter 0°75 m. altus; rami patuli; ramuli
erecti, robusti, leviter sulcati, longe pilosi. Folia oblanceolata,
apice obtuse calloso-mucronata, 1°2-2 cm. longa, 3-5 mm. lata,
rigide coriacea, utrinque tenuiter pubescentia. Injlorescentia J
terminalis, subglobosa, circiter 1°3 cm. diametro, foliis appresse
tomentosis numerosis involucrata; bracteae ovato-lanceolatae,
obtusae, 1:5 mm. longae, villosae. Perianthii tubus 2 mm, longus,
villosus ; segmenta spathulato-linearia, 3 mm. longa, pubescentia ;
limbus oblongus, obtusus, 1 mm. longus, pubescens. Antherae
ineares, vix 1 mm, longae. Stylus teres, 4 mm. longus, glaber ;
stigma clavatum, subacutum, vix 1 mm. longum. Sguamae
hypogynae filiformi-lineares, 1 mm. longae. Inflorescentia Q
solitaria, terminalis, ovoidea, circiter 1°2 cm. longa et diametro ;
bracteae transverse oblongae, 2°5 mm. longae, 4°5 mm. latae, tomen-
tosae. Perianthii tubus 2°5 mm. longus, pilosus ; segmenta linearia,
1°5 mm. longa, villosa ; limbus oblongus, obtusus, hirsutus. Sqguamae
hypogynae lineares, 1 mm. longae. Ovarium ellipsoideum, 1 mm.
longum, glabrum, Infructescentia ellipsoidea, circiter 2°5 em. longa,
2 cm. diametro ; bracteae circiter 15-seriatae, transverse oblongae,
truncatae, circiter mm, longae, 1'2 cm. latae, extus appresse
pubescentes, apice fere glabrae. Fructus non visi.

SoutH Arrica. Cape Colony: Riversdale Div.; on the
summit of Kampsche Berg, Burchel/, 7110.

1352. Leucadendron coriaceum, Phillips et Hutchinson in Dyer
Fi. Cap. vol. v., sect. 1., p- 531, anglice [ Proteaceae-Proteeae] ;
affinis 1. lanigero, Buek, foliis obovatis apice rotundatis 8-14 mm.
longis glabris, inflorescentiis $ paucibracteatis differt.

Rami teretes, breviter pubescentes vel glabri. Folia oblanceo-
lata, vel spathulato-obovata, apice rotundata, obtuse mucronata,
8-14 mm. longa, 4-6°5 mm. lata, rigide vel crasse coriacea, glabra.
Inflorescentia 3 solitaria, terminalis, vix 2 cm. diametro, subde-
presso-globosa ; bracteae lanceolatae, subobtusae, 2 mm. longae,
Perianthii tubus 2°5 mm, longus, inferne glaber, superne pilosus ,

231

segmenta spathulato-linearia, 4 mm. longa, appresse ie limbu

oblongus, subacutus, 1°5 mm. longus, pubescens. Anther 5. ieates
1 mm. longae. Stylus cylindricus, 5 mm. longus, basi i longe pilosus ;
stigma ellipsoideum, subacutum, 1 mm.longum. Squ hypogynae

filiformes, 3 mm. ongae. Inflorescentia Q foliis srvacionibas cincta ;
bracteae ovatae, acuminatae, 4 mm. longae, villosae. Perianthii
segmenta spathulato-linearia, 6°5 mm. longa, superne villosa,
inferne glabra ; limbus oblongus, obtusus vel subobtusus, 1 mm,
longus, villosus. Staminodia linearia, vix 1 mm. longa. Sguamae
hypogynae lineares, longe acuminatae, 2°25 mm. longae, Ovarium
compressum, alatum, 1 mm. longum; stylus linearis, 4°25 mm,
longus, glaber, oblique insertus ; stigma obliquum,

SoutH AFRICA. oe Colony: Bredasdorp Div.; near Elands
Kloof, Mu nd, 5; near Kars ss Becea Swellendam Div. ;
mountains near Swalletidadn. (Pappe ?

1353. Leucadendron Galpinii, Phillips et Hutchinson in Dyer FI.
Cap., vol. v., p. 535, anglice [Proteaceae-Proteeae]; affinis
Ld ramosissimo, Buek, sed foliis obtusis bracteis exterioribus
tomentosis nec coloratis quam floribus brevioribus differt

Ramuli 5 graciles, Q robustiores, tenuiter pubescentes, juniores
acute angulares, demum teretes. Folia ramulorum d quam ramu-
lorum Q minora, illa 1° = 2°5 cm. longa, 2-3 mm. lata, haec 2°5-

4°5 cm. longa, 2-3°5 mm, lata, omnia lineari-oblanceolata, obtusa,
longitudinaliter striata vii rugosa, utrinque glabra, Inflorescentia
6 solitaria, terminalis, globosa, circiter 1 cm. diametro ; bracteae
lanceolatae, 1°5 mm. longae, dense villosae. Perianthit tubus
cylindricus, 2 mm. longus, pubescens ; lobi 2°5 mm. longi, pubescentes ;
limbus lanceolatus, subacutus, 1 mm. longus, pubescens. Aritherae
1:25 mm, uloNgae, lineares, Stylus 3 mm. longus, filiformis, inferne

pubesce stigma 0°5 mm. longum, ellipsoideum vel clavatum.
Sls dentangitie 6 oblongo-ellipsoidea, 2-3 cm. longa, 2-2°5 cm.
diametro; bracteae 6 mm. longae, 10 mm. ‘lates, basi villosae,
ceterae Bas EN ciliatae. Perianthii segmenta 9 mm. longa,

Ovarium 2°5 mm. longum, ellipsoideum, longe pilosum; stylus
mm. longus, paisomir cr Tis or basi parce pilosus; stigma
truncatum vel m
SouTH Apaice, Cape Colony: Riversdale Div. ; Milkwood-
eo Galpin, 4439 ; without precise locality, Thom, 69, 71, 538;
Bowie.
1354. Leucadendron Phillipsii, Hutchinson in Dyer, F1. Cap.,vol.v.,
sect. i., p. 538, anglice [Proteaceae-Proteeae] ; affinis L. adscendenti,
. Br., bracteis 3} inferne pubescentibus superne glabris differt.
Frutex usque ad 3 m, altus ; ramuli adpresse puberuli vel pubes-
centes. Folia linearia, apice subacute callosa, recta vel saepius
falcata, 3-4°5 cm. longa, 2-3 mm. lata, rigide coriacea, glabra.
Inflor2scentia 3 subglobosa, circiter 1 cm. diametro, foliis basi
angus.atis paucis involucrata. Bracteae floriferae pease obtusae,
1 mm. longae, dorso leviter carinatae, basin versus tenuiter pubes-
centes. Perianthii tubus cylindricus, 1 mm. longus, glaber; seg-
menta spathulato-linearia, 25 mm. longa, glabra; limbus anguste
oblongus, | obtusus, 1°25 mm. longus, glaber. Antherae 1 mm. wt ig
Stylus 3°5 mm. longus, gracilis, glaber ; stigma clavatum, 1°25 mm

232

lo ongum, Inflorescentia Q oblongo-ellipsoidea, circiter 1*2 cm. longa,
bracteis brevibus acuminatis ciliatis involucrata. Bracteue floriferae

minusve coloratis involucrata. Fructus compressi, alati, suborbi-
culares, leviter emarginati, 5 mm. diametro, glabri.

Sours Arrica. Caledon Div.; Houw Hoek Mountains, Zeyher,
3648, per Knysna Div.; Paarde Berg, Burchell, 5192. Union-
dale Div.; near Avontuur, Bolus, 2448. Without precise locality,
Drege, Harvey, Bowie.

Named in compliment to Mr. E. P. Phillips, M.A., of the South
Afriean Museum, Cape Town, with whom the writer collaborated
in monographing the genus Seucdlentivon £ for the Flora Capensis.
~ 1355. pron minus, Phillips et Hutchinson in Dyer, Fl. Cap.,
vol. v., sect p. 541, anylice [Proteaceae-Proteeae]; affinis
L, lanigero, Buck, sed foliis margine dense Li at ae inflores-
centiis ¢ distincte inyolucratis, bracteis Q glabris

Frutex circiter 1:25 m. altus ; rami ascendentes ; rosmnl juniores
teretes, dense villosi, foliis dense imbricatis fere occulti. Folia
subaequalia, superiora inflorescentias circumdantes demum bractei-
formia, oblo ngo-linearia vel leviter pe Menconlata, acuta vel
subacuta, 2°5-4°5 em. longa, 3-6 m
rugosa vel striata, dense ciliata, dennis pubescentia eater

-_longae, piliaine Perianthii tubus 1°5 mm. pe Se Auatorness,
glaber ; segmenta 2 mm. longa, souilitdatcPlteatias glabra ; ee
1 mm. longus, linearis, obtusus vel subobtusus, Antherae 1°5 m

_longae, lineares. tylus 3 mm. longus, filiformis, glaber ; oem
clavatum, Squamae hypogynae filiformes, 1 mm, longae. Inflores-
centia Q ob ee 2 cm. songs, lcm. diametro, Bracteae

SOUTH Arrica. Caledon Div. toh of the mountains of
ee Kloof near Genadendal, Burchell, 7676. Genadendal,
rege.

Var. glabrescens, plese et Hutchinson, l.c. 542 ; ramuli breviter
adpresse pubescentes ; folia m margine breviter pubescente excepto
glabra vel fere oie:
__Soura Arrica. Caledon Div.: Donker Hoek Mountain,
Burchell, 8006.

1356. Loranthus (Erectilobi) igneus, S ha

prague |Lorant ie

affinis L. dichroo, Engl., a quo ramulis verruculosis, foliis bas

233

rotundatis vel obtusis, toro breviore, calyce distincte lobato
recedit.

Ramuli dense er Te ~ 8 ee ramosis ferrugineis
facillime detergibilibus indut iametro 30 em. i
apicem ; internodia 1—5 em. ioraa! Folia opposita vel subopposita,
ovato-lanceolata, 6-7 cm. longa, 2°2-3°3 cm. lata, apice subacuta,
basi rotundata vel obtusa, tenuiter coriacea, glabriuscula ;_nervi
laterales utrinque 4-5, satis obliqui, procul a margine anastomo-
santes, supra prominuli, s subtus i Inconspicul ; costa supra inconspicua,
subtus prominens ; petioli 8-10 mm. longi. Flores congesti (teste
Braun). Torus calycecum campanulatus 1°4-1°5 mm. longus
dentibus exclusis, pilis ferrugineis facile wei pa ee indutus
praesertim superne. Calycis dentes triangulares, 0°25-0°5 mm. longi.
Corolla in toto 3°5 cm. longa, ignea (teste Braun), aes pilis
ferrugimeis detergibilibus parce induta; tubus circiter 13 cm.
unilateraliter fissus, ampulla basali subglobosa 3 mm. diametro ;
lobi_erecti, lanceolato-spathulati, 6°5-7 mm. longi, parte superiore
ampliata lanceolata acuta 3°5 mm. longa 0°8—0°9 mm, lata intus
strato duro basi abrupte terminato extra versus basin leviter
carinata. Filamenta i vel involuta, sursum sensim sent
4-4°5 mm. longa, basi extrorsum curvata, superne 0°5
incrassata, dente ventrali anguste Eactar acuto 0°3 mm. longo 5 -
antherae oblongo-lineares, 1-6 mm. longae, 0°3 mm. latae. Diseu
crassissimus, 0°5 mm. altus, dentibus parvis acutis. sbaee sapere
metuliformis, parte incrassata 3°5 mm longa, collo 1°7 mm. longo
stigma ovoideum vel ellipsoideum, 0°6—0°7 mm. jon

TropicaAL AFrica. German East Africa: hentia Bakery
Rondo, Braun in herb. Amani, 1169 (Herb. Berol.).

1357, Loranthus (Cupulati) pachycladus, Sprague .uoransiegees

affinis LZ. angulijloro, Engl., a quo foliis crasse coriaceis, petiolis

brevioribus, bractea bifida, toro calycecum majore recedit.

yutex dumalis, 1°5 m. diametro. Rami annotini validi, nodosi,
cinnameo-brunnei, 6-9 mm. diametro, cortice rimis irregularibus
longitudinalibus; ramuli hornotini striati, gla bri, exsiccando brunneo-
virides, internodiis 1~5 em. longis compressis 3-4 mm. latis. Folia
opposita, elliptica vel late ovata, apice rotundata vel obtusissima,
basi rotundata vel ee Seedy ramulorum obovata, e basi
plurinervia), 4°5-7 cm. longa, cm. lata, crasse coriacea, glabra,
exsiccando opaca, oe aT one costa et nervis lateralibus promi-
nentibus, subtus costa infra medium prominente nervis lateralibus
saepius inconspicuis, venulis utrinque occultis ; nervi laterales
pinnatim dispositi (in foliis inferioribus tantum palmatim ortae) ;
petioli 5-8 mm. longi, crassi. mbellae in ramis re cape asci-
‘culatae, 4—5-florae. Pedunculus crassus, 5-8 mm. longus, superne
. ampliatua, set 9 epee breviter ek a cavos pedicellorum
productus, apice et intra cavos furfuraceo-pilosus, ceterum glaber ;
_pedicelli 4-6 mm. longi, sahei- ; bractea 3-3°5 mm. longa, margine
dorsali suberecto oblongo valde concavo conspicue bifido 3-3°5 mm.
longo, margine ventrali patelliformi. Torus calycecum breviter
campanulatus, medio leviter constrictus, 3-3°5 mm. longus. Calyx
1°75-2 mm. longus, vix dentatus. Corolla (in alabastro tantum visa)

- 5 em. longa, quinquangula, parte apicali ampliata 4°5 mm. longa ;
tubus versus basin ampliatus. Filamenta 13-14 mm. longa; antherae

234 “

cuneatae, 3 mm.longae. Discus 0°7 mm.altus. Stylus collo 3 mm.
longo ; stigma peltatum, 3 mm. diametro.—L. anguliflorus, Engl. in
Engl. Jahrb., vol. xxx. 1901, p. 301, non antea.

TROPICAL AFRICA. Garman East Africa: Ussangu; Northern
Kinga Mountains, on the slopes of Mt. Tyuni, Goetze, 1003 (Herb.
Berol.). .

1358. sere oblonga, Hutchinson in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr.
vol. vi., sect. 1, p. 668, anglice [Euphorbiaceae-Phyllantheae] ;
affinis M. bptndente Pax, foliis oblongis et ovario parce setuloso
differt.

Ramuli juniores parce hirsuti, teretes. Folia oblonga, apice acute
triangulari-acuminata, basi rotundata vel subcuneata, 6°5-14 cm.
longa, 2°5-4°5 cm. lata, rigide membranacea, integra, utrinque

labra, nervis lateralibus utrinque 8-10 intra marginem anastomo-
santibus subtus prominentibus, nervis tertiariis laxis ; petioli 4-8 mm.
longi, parce ste e ; stipulae lanceolato-subulatae, semuilce 2m
longae, mox deciduae. Flores ¢ non visi. Racomi Q mobturii, i in
ramulis foliosis ‘eillisee, 9-13 com. longi; axis dense puberulus ; ;
bracteae lineares, pubescentes, 1 mm. longae ; pedicelli vix 2 mm.
longi, puberuli. Calycis lobi 3 vel 4, ovati, apice rotundati, ciliati,
parce pubescentes. Discus annularis, dense ciliatus, Ovarium
oblique ovoideum, parce setulosum vel fere glabrum; styli 3,
oer alte bifidi, glabri.
CAL Arnica, Upper Guinea: Liberia ; within 20 miles

of Peed Whyt

1359. die Vervtidied: Hutchinson in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr.
vol. vi., sect. 1, p. 67%, anglice PBaplidPitaccsetP hy flantheac}; ; eiftits
D. lacinintae, Hutchinson, sed stipulis brevioribus, sepalis 5 differt.

Arbor 17-22 m. alta ; ramuli pubescentes. Folia oblongo-elliptica
vel eres lao breviter acuminata, basi rotundata et inae-
qualia, 12-18 ¢ a “8 i 5 em, lata, tenuiter chartacea, spinuloso-

a
subulntia: Flores S non visi. Flores Q in trunco fasciculati ;
pedicelli validiusculi, 1-2-2 cm. longi, parce puberuli, demum
glabrescentes. Sepala 5, suborbicularia, coriacea, utrinque glabra,
margine minute cilio ata. Discus cupularis, dense tomentosus.
Ovarium tomentosum, stigmatibus 3 planis adpressis reniformibus
Sinem 3 mm. latis marginibus crenulatis. Fructus ovoidei, integri,
fere 4 cm. longi, endocarpio osseo vix 2 mm. crasso intus nitido.
Semin elongato-ellipsoidea, 2 em. longa, 0°8 cm. lata ; testa nitida,
crustacea, Cyclostemon verrucosus, Pierre ex Hutchinson, lic. 678,
nomen,

AL Arrica. Lower Guinea: Gaboon; in the neigh-
Séarheod ‘of Libreville, Klaine, 2382, 2482, 2589.

1360, Hasskarlia minor, Prain [Euphorbiaceae - Crotoneae] ;
species herbacea habitu Mercurialem perennem, Linn. simulans,
ie a speciebus arborescentibus adhuc notis quam maxime

sti

235

Herba — caulibus 3-5 dm. altis, teretibus superné
ramosis. ola caulina decussatim opposita, membranacea, breve
petiolata, aaa: har abrupte longiuscule caudato-acuminata, basi
angustata, margine dimidio superiore crebre minute argute serrata,
2°5-3 em. longa, 1-1°5 em. lata ; petiolus 3-4 mm. longus: stipulae
ovatae, membranaceae, deciduae ; folia ramulorum inferiora opposita
sed manifeste anisophylla, superiora alterna, Flores masculi
Spicati ; spicae versus apices ramulorum oppostifoline, densiflorae,
perbreves, 3-7 mm, longae. Calyx maris 3-partitus; lobi ovati,

valvati. Stamina 3, receptaculo affixa, filamentis obsoletis ;

antherae erectae usque ad basin in locellos 4 demum distinctos
erectos subglobosos ab apice dehiscentes divisus. Ovarii rudimen-
tum distin ctum eg nare. Flores feminei ignoti

TROPICAL AFRIC Upper Guinea : Sierra Leone; Limba,
near Bendembu, Seatt- Elliot, 5680.

Except for the presence of a distinct though very short rudimen-
tary ovary the male flowers of this species are exactly like those of
H. didymostemon, Baill., and H. oppositifolia, Pax.

1361. Tragia (Tagira) akwapimensis, Prain [Euphorbiaceae-Cro-
toneae]; species 7. Schweinfurthii, Baker, valde affinis sed foliis
apice obtusis, margine minus serratis racemisque masculis longioribus
longeque pedunculatis satis distincta.

Herba, caulibus suberectis 4°5-6 re altis, basi lignosis, valde
ramosis, parce puberulis pilisque urentibus paucioribus armatis.
Folia sessilia vel brevissime petiolata, aasendeata, firmula, lanceolata,
apice mucronulata obtusa, basi breve cuneata vel rotun data, margine
parce breviter setosa, versus apicem pauci-serrata ceterum integra,
4-5 em, longa, 8 mm. lata, utrinque secus nervos parcissime breviter
setosa ceterum glabra; petiolus 0-4 mm. longus, = setosus
pilisque urentibus obsitus; stipulae lanceolatae, 2-3 mm. longae,
‘ rigidae, reflexae, glabrae ‘vel parce setosae, Racemi ‘-bekuales,

dioici, terminales vel oppositifolti, maris 15-25 cm. longi, pedunculo

eee rhachideque parce puberulo pilisque paucis urentibus obsito
5 em, longo suffulti ; flores numerosissimi, remotiusculi ; pedicelli
provilt pilosi sub quaque bractea solitarii vel nodis 2- 3 imis casu
geminati bracteas haud excedentes; bracteae lanceolatae, 2 mm.
longae, parce pilosae. Sepala maris 3, late ovata, extra parce
breviter pilosa. Stamina 3; filamenta antheris distincte longiora.
Flores feminet nondum visi.

TropicaL Arrica, Upper Guinea: Gold Coast; Aburi,
J, Anderson, 54.

Evidently very nearly allied to 7. mi at he a Baker, from
Dar Fertit, also a dioecious species; the Gold Coast plant is,
however, readily distinguished by its obtuse, less serrate and nearly
glabrous leaves and by its much longer male racemes.

1362. Tragia (Agirta) Baro are Prain Sawn sapien
oneae] ; ; species 7. Botvinianae, Muell.-Arg., quam maxime affinis
sed foliis subpersistenter pilosis snails crebre minu i dentatis,
laciniisque calycis feminei paucioribus margine breviter laciniatis
differt

Somick ramis suberectis lignosis, dense rufo-puberulis. Folia
brevissime petiolata, membranacea, elliptica, acuta, basi late cuneata
vel rotundata, margine minute crebre denticulata, 6-10 cm. longa,

236

3-4 em. lata, utrinque adpresse cinereo-pubescentia ; petiolus
4-5 mm. longus, dense rufo-puberulus ; stipulae lanceolatae, 3 mm.
longa, rufo-puberulae. /acemi terminales et laterales oppositifolii,
6-10 em. longi, pedunculo rufo-tomentello 1-2 cm. longo suffulti,
supra flores masculos prope basin flores femineos gerentes ; flores
utriusque sexus fere sessiles sub quaque bractea singuli; bracteae
ovato-lanceolatae, acutae, dense puberulae, 1'°5-2 mm. longae.
Sepala maris 3, ovata, subacuta, extra dense pubescentia. Stamina 3,
centrum floris occupantia ; antherae sub anthesin reflexae, horizon-
tales. Sepala floris feminei saepius 3, margine breviter utrinsecus
pinnatim 6-lobulata, extra dense pubescentia. Ovarium dense
velutinum ; styli 3, basi tantum connati, reflexi. Capsula 3-cocca,
dense cinereo-pubescens ; cocci subglobosi. Semina globosa, brunnea,

ADAGASCAR. Central Madagascar, Baron, 2712.

In spite of the numerous differences between the two, this species
and the plant described by Mueller, l.c., as 7. Boiviniana evideutly
belong to the same natural section ; the stamens in appearance and
position are identical in both. Through the kindness of Professor

ngler, we have been able to examine a specimen of Hildebrandt,
n. 3179 from Nossi-bé, which is identical with Boivin n. 2177/3 from
the same locality, on which 7’. Boiviniana was based. Hildebrandt’s
specimen has ripe fruits. The capsule is 3-coccous, deeply 3-suleate,

mm, across, sparily beset with weak white bristles. ‘he seeds are
globose, pale yellow with small pale brown streaks and blotches.

1363. Tragia (Tagira) bongolana, Prain [Euphorbiaceae-Cro-
toneae]; species 7. miti, Hochst., proxima a qua differt floribus
masculis muito majoribus, pedicellis brevioribus, filamentisque
longioribus.

Herba caulibus elongatis, volubilibus, parce retrorsim hispidis.
Folia distincte petiolata, firmula, triangulari-ovata, acuta, basi
distincte cordata, margine serrata, 5-7°5 em. longa, 3°5-4 cm. lata,
secus nervos utrinque parce hispida, aculeisque perpaucis urentibus
obsita ; petiolus 2 cm. longus, retrorsim hispidus ; stipulae lanceo-
latae, reflexae, marginibus hispidae, 3 mm. longae. Racemi caulem
ramosque terminantes, 1-sexuales, dioici, ad 10 cm. usque longi,
oe o nudo retrorsim hispido 0°5—-25 cm. longo
suffulti ;

being dioecious, but differing sufficiently in the points noted above.

to be considered specifically distinct. 7. mitis, Hochst., itself also

authors been confused with 7. cordifolia, Vahl (7. cordata,

A. Rich i

is monoecious, is rather copiously armed with stinging hairs, and has

the male flowers mostly solitary to their bracts though they may be
y im pairs near the base of the raceme, whereas 7’. mitis has

237

no stinging hairs and is always dioccious, the male flowers being in
glomerules of three above, and in lax 3-flowered cymules below.
1364. Tragia (Tagira) ineisifolia, Prain [Huphorbiaceae-Cro-

toneae]; species 7. mznori, Sond., accedens sed foliis laciniatis,
racemis brevioribus, capsulisque inineribias distincta.
Herba caulibus nunc brevibus herbaceis e basi lignoso, nunc

elongatis prostratis lignosis ramos foe herbaceos simplices raro
iterum virgatim ramosos emittentibus, caules vel rami herbacei
10-20 cm. longi, virides, parce puberuli vel pubescentes, aculeisque
perpaucis albidis armati vel plane inermes. Folia sessilia vel fere
sessilia, membranacea, ambitu anguste ovata vel ovato-lanceolata,
acuta, basi cuneata, margine profunde laciniatim partita, lobis ovato-
lanceolatis utrinsecus circiter 4 nunc integris nunc I-dentatis apicem
versus spectantibus; 1-1°5 cm. longa, 0°7 cm. lata, secus nervos
supra parce subtus dense aculeis albidis brevibus setosa, pe
dentibusque marginalibus singulis setam solitariam apicalem sufful-
cientibus ; petiolus 0 vel 1 mm. longus, setosus ; stipulae arecditue
reflexae, 2 mm. longae, a lalciaee Racemi terminales, 1-15 em.
longi, pedunculis puberulis vel pubescentibus aculeatisque, 0°5-0°7
cm. longis suffulti, floribus masculis pluribus densiuscule aggregatis
femineisque basalibus 2-3 onusti; pedicelli utriusque sexus sub
uaque bractea solitarii eaque breviores; bracteae ovato-lanceolatae,
bracteolaeque ovatae acutae margine setosae ceterum glabrae ;
bracteae maris 2 mm., feminei 3 mm. longae. Sepala maris saepis-
sime 4, nonnunquam 5, raro 3, ovata, acuta, apice incrassata,
induplicato-valvata, subcarnosa, ‘glabra. Stamina 4-5, raro 3,
filamentis antheris fere duplo longioribus. Sepala feminei 6,
2-seriata, accrescentia, subcoriacea, alterna ovato-lanceolata et late
ovata, latiora utrinsecus 4—5-lobulata, angustiora 3- 4-lobulata, extra
se tosa, intus glabra, lobulis singulis setam’ singulam terminalem
gerentibus. Ovarium dense hispidum ; styli 3, fere spit ee in
columnam J ie tantum connati. Caps sula -cocca,
setosa, 0°7 cm. lata; cocci subglobosi. Semina oe Sallie
cinerea, maculis brunneis notata.
outH Arrica. Transvaal: between Koomati River Drift

and Crocodile River, Bolus, 9779 ; Koomati Poort, on hills at about
300 m. elevation, Schlechter, 11,781.

A very distinct species, which cannot be confused with any other
African one.

1365, Tragia (Tagira) insuavis, Prain [| Euphorbiaceae-Crotoneae] ;
species 7. glabrescent?, Pax, quam maxime affinis, differt tamen
foliis bracteisque multo majoribus, fructu majore, calyeisque feminei
lobis post anthesin plane pinnatim nec palmatim lo

erba caulibus e basi lignoso suberectis ie ' volubilibus,
junioribus minute puberulis inermibus. ola distincta petiolata,
membranacea, ovata vel oblonga, acuta vel breviter acuminata, basi
paullo cordata, margine grosse serrata, 5-10 cm. longa, 3-5°5 cm.
bikes utrinque secus nervos parcissime pubescentia ceterum glabra ;
petiolus 2°5-4 cm. longus, minute puberulus pilisque rigidis perpaucis
obsitus ; stipulae ovato-lanceolatae, extra puberulae, intus glabrae,
2 mm. longae. Racemi laterales oppositifolii, 2-25 em. longi,
pedunculis puberulis 5-9 mm. longis suffulti, floribus masculis
plurimis densiuscule ageregatis femineoque basali singulo onusti ;
pedicelli utriusque sexus sub quaque bractea solitarii eaque breviores ;

238

bracteae late ovatae, acutae, firmulae, marginibus pubescentes et
minute glandulosae, ceterum glabrae ; ‘: beacteclae bracteis similes
nisi minores, bracteae maris 3 mm. feminei 4 mm. longae. Sepala
maris 3, lutea, orbicularia, glabra. Stamina 3, filamentis perbrevibus.
_—" "feminei 6, 2-seriata, accrescentia sed min opere indurata,
8 mm, longa, pinnatim utrinsecus 5-6-lobulata, rhachide late oblongo-
lanceolata, lobulis triangularibus latitudinem rhachidis haud exce-
dentibus, extra rhachideque aculeis albidis parce setosis. Ovarium
parce hispidum; styli 3, dimidio inferiore in columnam connati.
apsula 3-cocca, parce setosa, 1 cm. lata ; cocci subglobosi.
ropiIcaL AFRICA: Mozambique Dist. German East Africa ;
Kilimatinde, 1065 m., von Prittwitz.

1366. Tragia (Tagira) a Prain Pi eee
toneae]; species e grege TJ’. cordifoliae, Vahl, calycis feminei seg-
mentis elongatis longissime lobulatis Bianaranyiee pro genere maxima
insignis.

Herba vel suffrutex caulibus erectis lignosis e basi lignoso ortis,
sursum valde ramosis, ramis elongatis gracilibus herbaceis deorsum
strictis sursum volubilibus, minute pubescentibus, inermibus. olia
distincte petiolata, membranacea, pallide viridia, ovato-triangularia,
acuminata, basi distincte cordata, margine distincte serrata, 5—6 cm,
longa, 2-2°5 cm. lata, supra secus nervos parce pubescen ntia et
parcissime aculeata, subtus secus nervos densiuscule aculeata ; petiolus
2-2°5 em. longus, minute pubescens, inermis ; stipulae lanceolatae,
erectae, puberulae, 3 mm. longae. Racemi ‘laterales oppositifolii,
5 cm. longi, pedunculo nudo puberulo parceque aculeato 2—2°5 cm.
longo suffulti, floribus numerosis laxis masculis supra et femineis
basalibus saepius 2 onusti; pedicelli sub quaque bractea singuli
eaque breviores ; bracteae tenue membranaceae, maris 2 mm. longae,
anguste lanceolatae, reflexae, parce pubescentes, feminei ovato-
lanceolatae, 4-5 mm. ongae, distincte utrinsecus 1-3 dentatae,
bracteolae bracteis similes nisi minores, integrae vel utrinsecus
1-2-dentatae. Sepala maris 3, oblonga, subacuta, extra puberula.
Stamina 3; filamenta perbrevia, Sepala feminei 6, 2-seriata,
oblonga, valde accrescentia nec tamen indurata, tandem 1°5 cm.
longa, pinnatim utrinsecus 4-lobulata ; lobuli adscendentes anguste
lanceolati 8 mm. longi, rhachideque pubescentes marginibusque
dense aculeolati. Ovarium fere glabrum ; styli 3, basi in columnam
brevem connati. Capsula 3-cocca, parce albido-aculeolata, valvis
tenue coriacea, 1°8 cm. lat

RoPIcaL AFRICA. Lower Guinea: German South-west

frica ; Owambo, at Otavi, Dinter, 753.

1367. Tragia (Tagira) Rogersii, Prain [ Euphorbiaceae-Crotoneae];
species 7’, Juhofuehe De Wild., habitu congruens, sed foliis inermi-
bus basi rotundatis vel subtruncatis nec subhastato-auriculatis
differt.

Caules numerosi e basi lignoso erecti, caespitosi, yix ram
20 em. alti, laxiuscule molliter pubescentes, inermes. Folia —
ascendentia, membranacea, ovato-lanceolata vel oblongo-lanceolata,
acuta, basi truncata vel rotundata, margine nisi basi integro minute
crebre serrata, 3-3°5 cm. longa, ‘lem. Jata, supra parce subtus

raesertim secus nervos densiuscule molliter pubescentes ; petiolus 0;
stipulae lineari-lanceolatae, patentes, membranaceae, 2 mm. longae,
‘margine ciliolatae, ceterum glabrae. Racemi 1-sexuales, dioici,

239

terminales vel oppositifolii, masculi saepissime 5-7 em. a
usque ad 16 em. longi, pedunculo molliter pubescente vix 1 em. lon
suffulti, flores numerosissimos versus basin in cymulas 3- iotan
inter se 1-1-5 cm. remotas, versus apicem in glomerulos 3-floros
0°5 cm. remotos dispositos gerenentes; pedicelli pubescentes
bracteis bracteolisque breviores, bracteae lineari - lanceolatae
1-5-2 mm. longae, bracteolae similes 0°5 mm. longae, margine
ae ceterum glabrae. Sepala maris ad normam 3, nonnunquam
raro 6, ovata vel Aig oie. acuta, intus parce puberula,
z

H Aratcs. Transvaal: Waterval, Rogers (Transvaal

Mas: Heth 2597
While so closely resembling in general habit and appearance the
Lukafu plant described by Professor De Wildeman, this is clearly,
from the shape of its leaves and the absence of stinging hairs,
jp t ages distinct yee T. lukafuensis and until the female flowers
known it would be rash to hazard the suggestion that
shies? are closely allied ; the probability indeed is that while
3 lukafuensis belongs to the group which includes 7. Benthami,

han

Baker, and 7. Okanyua, Pax, the species now described belongs
rather to the eroup poe includes 7. a és, Sond., and its ally
T. minor, Sond. It is to be remarke t whereas in T’ragia it is

not unusual for male Aewers to have mats four or even five
stamens, but much rarer to find more than three calyx-lobes, in

T. Rogersii the number of calyx-lobes frequently exceeds three,
but that even when there are as many as six calyx-lobes, the number
of stamens does not exceed three.

1368. Tragia (Tagira) shirensis, ae ey

species 7. Ohkanyua, Pax, proxime accedens, differt s fere sessi-
libus ‘Gai hand auricu ulato-cordatis, ~pedicattv Sikatalis Sasieeeee,
ae longioribus et calycis feminei segmentis difformibus

caulibus erectis crassiusculis e basi lignoso ortis, 30-45 em.

Osi
parceque aculeis urentibus armatis, Folia _sessilia vel brevissime

5-8 cm. Hae 6-8 mm. va supra secus nervos strigosa, subtus
secus nervos densius strigosa aculeisque urentibus obsita; petiolus
0-2 mm. longus, strigosus aculeatusque; stipulae lanceolatae,
rigidiusculae, patentes, margine setosae, 3 mm. longae. Racemi
androgyni, terminales, 2°5-8 cm. longi, pedunculo nudo strigoso
0°6—1°7 cm. longo suffulti, flores masculos plures cum 2-3 basalibus
femineis gerentes ; pedicelli filiformes parce pilosi, omnes bracteas
excedentes, masculi terni, feminei he ; bracteae lanceolatae,
membranaceae, margine setosae, 2 mm. longae. Sepala 3, ovata,
acuta, extra parce pilosa, Stamina 3; Alas antheris longiora.

Sepala 6, 2-seriata, difformia, ee parce pilosa, demum accres-

entia, coriacea, 3 exteriora ovata pinnatim utrinsecus 3-4-
itailate: lobulis brevibus ovatis acutis, 3 interiora palmatim divisa
lobo centrali erecto oblongo-lanceolato margine integro lobulis
basalibus lanceolatis reflexis patentibus. Ovariwm parce hispidum
et setosum ; styli 3, ultra medium in columnam crassiusculam parce

240

setosam connati. Capsula 3-cocea, parce setosa, 1°25 em. lata
cocci dorso obtuse angulati. Semina globosa.

TropicaL Arrica. Mozambique Dist. Nyassaland: Shire
Highlandsy, near Blantyre, Last.

1369. Plukenetia (Hedraiostylus) procumbens, Prain [Euphor-
biaceae-Crotoneae]; species a ceteris sectionis Hedrazostyli habitu
Sa foliis basi late rotundatis nec cordatis nec auriculatim
obatis petiolisque perbrevibus facillime distinguenda.

a; caules sat numerosi e basi lignoso orti, crassiusculi, sub-
complanati, procumbentes, diffuse ramosi, dense persistenter scabri-
diusculi. Folia subsessilia, firmula, subtus purpurascentia, late
ovata, acuta, basi rotundata, margine nisi basi integro sat crebre
acute serrata, 3-4°5 em. longa, 2—3 cm. lata, basi manifeste 3-nervia,
nervulis 2 marginalibus pergracilibus additis, supra saturate viridia,

a :
glaber, stigmatibus 4 oblongis cruciformiter patentibus minute

gola: Benguella ;
Amelia, 1520 m.,

370. Carex (Pseudo-cypereae) congolensis, Turrill [Cyperaceae-
Caricoideae] ; ab affini C. cognata, Kunth, utriculis brunneis, nucibus
stramineis oblongo-ellipticis differt.

Culmi robustiores, ad 4 dm. alti, apice concavi, trigoni, glabri.

at mm. longum
ore rigide et breviter bidentatum contracti. Nuzx laxe inclusa
23. mm, longa, mm. diametro, oblongo-ellipsoidea, trigona,
gree eee. cay = Stylus basi tortuosus. Stigmata

+ROPICAL AFRICA, South Central. Congo State: Katanga;
Elisabethville, Lat. 11° 37’ §., Long. 27° 24’ E,, 1150 m. Oct a1,
1911, #. A. Rogers, 10,082.

241

XXVII—TULIP WOODS AND TULIP TREES.
W. DALLIMORE.

Although the ‘plate of the same common name to several
different kinds of woods must be cee to persons engaged in

n the * ‘Diplomatic and Consular Report,” No. 4818, which deals
with the trade and commerce between France and F rench Guiana,
it is stated that the wood of Licaria guianensis, (Dicypellium
caryophyllatum), is known in England as tulipwood and in France
as rosewood. ‘This suggested that a compilation of the several
timbers and trees to which the terms tulipwood and tulip tree are
applied might be of value and the following list has been drawn u

The term tulipwood appears to be associated with at least seven
different kinds of trees. ‘I'wo of these, Harpullia pendula, Planch.,
and Physocalymma scabberrimum, Pohl, are in regular use in the
cabinet trade; the others, Atalaya hemiglauca, F. Muell.,
Dicey toe caryophyllatum, Nees., Stenocarpus sinuatus, Endl,

Owenia venosa, F. Muell., and Aphananthe philippinensis, Planch.,
are less well known

Harpullia asain: Planch.—This Sapindaceous tree is found in
the forests of New South Wales and Queensland, where it grows
from 40 to 60 feet high with a trunk 12 to 24 inches in diameter.
Its leaves are made up of from three to six, rarely more, ovate or:
- oblong leaflets, and its small flowers, borne in loose panicles, are
succeeded by winged fruits. The wood is tough, close-grained and
beautifully marked with different shades of yellow, brown n and black.
The colour, however, appears to depend to some extent on soil or
climatic conditions, for Maiden reports (Bulletin Dorrigo Forest
Reserve), that samples of wood from the Bellinger and Dorrigo
regions are less handsomely marked than others from the Richmond
River and farther north. nk specimen at Kew which
measures 164 inches in width, shows 7 inches of yellowish sapwood

and 94 inches of dark, prettily-marked heartwood. The wood is
used for ceabinet-making, Leap ithe panels for doors, &c. The same
author in “Notes on the Commercial Timbers of New South
Wales,” refers to its use ne billiard tables, and in “ Useful Native
Plants of Australia,” to its being the best wood in Australia for
lithographers’ scrapers, and suggests a probable value for eet

xamples of the wood are to be seen in Museums Nos. 1 and 3

Kew, and in the latter building, a table top partly made of this
wood gives a good idea of its value for the manufacture of high-class
a ure.

Physocalymma scaberrimum, Poh/.—The genus Physocalymma
belongs a the Natural Order Lythraceae and is closely allied to the

24254 Cc

242

genus Lagerstroemia. P. scaberrimum possesses the peculiarity so
prevalent amongst the species of Lagerstroemia of being a highly
ornamental flowering tree. It oceurs in Brazil as a small deciduous
tree 20 to 30 feet high with a trunk 18 inches in diameter. The
ovate or broadly oval leaves are 3 to 4 inches long and 2 to 2} inches
wide, but in the variety angustifolium they are rather longer and
narrower. Flowering occurs a few weeks before the young leaves
expand, the red flowers appearing in large panicles from the ends of
the branches.

- The wood, as represented in Museum No. 1, at Kew, is heavy,
close-grained, and red and yellowish-brown in colour when newly
cut, the markings being of a curiously streaky character. There is,
apparently, a strong disposition for the colour to fade, for the outer
parts of old sections are various shades of brown. It takes a good
polish and is used for cabinet work and for small fancy articles.

Descriptions of P. scaberrimum are given by Martius in the

* Flora Brasiliensis,” xiii, pt. 2, p. 343, and by Pohl in “ Plants
of Brazil,” i, pp. 100-101, tt. 82-83.
Atalaya hemiglauca, F. Muell— The wood of this Australian tree
is known as western whitewood or western tulipwood, but it does
not appear to be of much commercial importance. It is one of the
Sapindaceae and occurs as a tall shrub or small tree in various parts
of N. Australia, Queensland, and New South Wales. It is of
interest owing to the diverse character of the leaves, which are
sometimes pinnate and composed of an irregular number of linear
leaflets, varying in length from 2 to 3 to 7 to 8 inches, sometimes
simple and deeply lobed, or almost entire and up to 10 inches long,
but it is not considered to be of much decorative value, for the
flowers are small and the maple-like fruits have no- special
attractions.

Examples of the wood are not included in the Kew collection,
but Maiden, “ Forest Flora of New South Wales,” ii, pp. 122-124,
describes it as having light red sapwood and heartwood marked
with dark red, or nearly black, patches or streaks. In other places
the wood is described as yellowish with reddish marks. It is said
to be close-grained, decaying easily, and though used to some
extent for cabinet-work and turnery, to be of little value.

useful pale-coloured gum, differing very little from purest gum
Arabic, exudes from the tree, which Maiden, “ Forest Flora of
New South Wales,” ii, p. 123, says would be an important article of
commerce if obtainable in quantity.

Atalaya hemiglauca is planted as a shade tree, but its greatest
economic importance lies in the fact of its leaves providing an
important food for cattle and sheep in times of drought. From
this it is sometimes called the “cattle bush.”

are contained on one sheet and the museum material is limited to a

nf

243
sample of bark. From what can be learnt of the tree it is plentiful

in the Guianas and in Brazil, where it attains a height of 50 or 60
feet, with a trunk 3 feet or more in diameter with reddish, cor-

bark are ae Owing to its scented wood it has been given
the common name of *“bois de rose.” It has also been called
** Cayenne Sassafras.’

A. strong clove-like scent is present in the bark and for this
reason it is known as “ clove-bark” and “ Brazilian clove-bark.”
The taste of the bark strongly resembles that of cloves, and
powerful tonic properties are attributed to it. An essential oil,
known as “ clove-bark oil,” which bears a strong resemblance. in all
its aes to “ clove-oil, ” is obtained from the bark by aqueous
distillation. It is used in peer &c. (see Spon’s “ Enc ze
paedia of the Industrial Arts,” p. 1420; “The Volatile Oils,”
E. Gildemeister and Fr. Hotta (1900) p os " Oabsabeaphie’
by J. Ch. Sawer (1892), p. 231, and (1894), p

Very little appears to have been written out the wood, and its

it as tulipwood which has been found is the one referred to in the
“ Diplomatic and Consular Report ” previously mentioned.
the appended extract, the timber and oil of

ench Gui
* Rosewood — — [ Dicypellium caryophyllatun,
known in England as tulipwood.

Since 1902 care romaiis has mentioned an increase in this
export. The year 1910 shows an export of 1262 tons, valued at
94,628 fr., against 2018 fr. in 1908 and 19,875 fr. in 1909, thus
showing an increase of 74,753 fr. on 1909. The entire export was
to Grasse (Alpes Maritimes), France. The wood is sold at 100 and
150 fr. per ton (locally).

“Essence of Rosewood.—Besides the export of wood, seven
factories are now established for the extraction of the essence,
which is shipped to France in carboys. The average product of
one ton of wood is 22 Ibs. of essence, the price in France being
about 10s.

“* The total export of this essence was :—

Francs.

ee ak ih oy 7,470 186,750

yee eT 312,400

CTE pee ee ie 551,650
Inerease in 1910. os sc foee00

Owenia venosa, F. Muell. _This is an Australian tree, growin
30 to 40 feet high with a trunk 12 to 18 inches in diameter, A eee

244

to Meliaceae. The wood, as shown in Museum No. 1 at Kew, is
reddish in colour, hard and close-grained. It is said to be easy to
work, and to be useful for furniture and for wheelwrights’ work.
A reference to it as tulipwood will be found in Maiden’s “ Useful
Native Plants of Australia,” p. 581.

Aphananthe philippinensis, Planch.—A description of this tree
occurs in the “ Forest Flora of New South Wales,” ii, pp. 71-73,
and reference to it as tulipwood is made in “ Useful Native Plants
of Australia,” p. 376. It is one of the Urticaceae, and forms a
medium-sized tree with small, elm-like leaves ; it attains a height of
50 to 70 feet with a trunk up to 4 feet in diameter, and is met with
in the Island of Luzon, New South Wales, and Queensland. The
wood, as represented in Museum No. 1 at Kew, is yellowish in
colour, close-grained, and rather prettily marked. Maiden reports
it as being used for turnery, linings, and ceilings, but to be in bad
repute for durability.

Stenocarpus sinuatus, End/.— In Museum No. 1 at Kew a specimen
of the wood of this Proteaceous tree is shown under the common
name of tulipwood, the name of tulip tree occurring in “ Useful
Native Plants of Australia,” p. 600. The wood is described as
nicely marked, close-grained, hard, durable, and admitting of a good
polish. It is used for staves, veneers, and cabinet work. The tree
grows 60 to 70 feet high, with a trunk 2 feet in diameter.

e name of Tulip Tree is given to at least four different kinds
of trees, one belonging to Magnoliaceae, and the other three to
Malvaceae.

Liriodendron Tulipifera, }.—This well-known Magnoliaceous tree,
to which reference was made in the Kew Bulletin, No. 5, 1911,
p. 214, is the most familiar tulip tree in temperate regions. It is a
native of the United States, and its timber holds an important place
amongst commercial woods. Instead of being called tulipwood,
however, it is known under a variety of names, such as white poplar,
yellow poplar, whitewood, canary whitewood, basswood, &c.

Lagunaria Patersoni, D. Don.—In the “Forest Flora of New

ability to withstand a salty air and a humid climate. For this
reason it is chosen for street planting in some coastal towns in
Australia.

_ Thespesia populnea, Sol—This is a small Malvaceous tree found
in Tropical Asia and Africa. W. A. Talbot describes it under the
common name of tulip tree in the “ Forest Flora of Bombay,” i,
(1909), and it is referred to under the same name by Brandis,
“Indian Trees,” p.75. It forms a small, decorative tree, and bears
evergreen, ovate leaves up to 7 inches long and 4 inches across, and
large, showy, yellow and purple flowers. The wood is fairly strong
and heavy, fine-grained, with light-coloured soft sapwood and hard,

245

red heartwood. It is used for gun-stocks, wheel-spokes, boat-
timber, carts, and furniture. The bark yields a good fibre, and
the capsules a yellow dye like gamboge. Both bark and wood
contain tannin. A further description of the wood may be obtained
from Gamble’s “ Manual of Indian Timbers,” p. 88.

Hibiscus elatus, Sw.—This is known by the two common names
of “blue mahoe” and “tulip tree.” Stone, “Timbers of Com-
merce,” p. 9, describes the wood as having a faint, aromatic or
peppery scent, giving rise to sneezing when worked. [1 is used for
gun-stocks, carriage poles, ships’ knees, and fishing rods on account
of its flexible character, and is compared to European ash, but is
said to be more durable and longer in the fibre than that timber.

XXVIII—MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.

EpuarD StTRASBURGER.—The news of the sudden death from
heart failure of Professor Eduard Strasburger, in the night of the
19th of May, will have come with a great shock to all his friends
and admirers. Nothing was known at Kew of any ailment havin
overtaken him, and when he paid his last visit to the Royal Botanic

ardens a very few years ago he seemed still to be in his usual

confined to that language. At that time, and on other occasions,
he was an enthusiastic visitor and admirer of the Royal Botanic
Gardens and their treasures which his keen eye was quick to
discover. He was never tired to point out the precious oppor-
tunities which await there the botanist who will avail himself of the
hospitality of the establishment. He himself had not the time to

H
usual breadth of thought and universal culture. No one has
written more beautifully about the glories of the Riviera; and
fascinating and stimulating as he appears to us in the “ Rambles on
the Riviera” so he was also in conversation, charming, many-sided
and refined.

246

Strasburger was born in Warschau in 1844. He studied in Bonn
and under Hickel in Jena, was appointed Professor of Botany and
Director of the Botanic Garden at Jena in 1869, and went to Bonn
in 1881, where, in the old Castle of Popplesdorf, he founded those
laboratories which soon became a centre of active histological and
cytological research. He was awarded the great Gold Medal of the

innean Society in 1905, and in 1908 was one of the seven recipients
of the Darwin-Wallace Medal, bestowed by the same Society on
the occasion of the Darwin-Wallace celebration, the others being
Wallace, Hooker, Hiickel, Weissman, Galton and Ray Lankester.

Two Interesting Euphorbias.—The accompanying Plate illustrates
two fine specimens of Luphorbia Caput-medusae, Linn., and E. mul-
ticeps, Berger, which have recently been presented to the Royal
Botanic Gardens, Kew.

The plant of Euphorbia Caput-medusae, Linn., was collected on
the slopes of Lion’s Head Mountain, near Cape Town, by Mr.
Eustace Pillans, and sent to Kew in December last. The specimen
is 18 inches in diameter and consists of a globose main body about
6 inches in diameter, covered, except at the very centre, with
numerous crowded cylindric branches ; these in different individuals,
vary from 2 to 15 inches long and 3 to 1 inch thick, and are
covered with obliquely conical tubercles. The flowers are clustered
at the tips of the branches and are about 4 inch in diameter, with
: pennant green and white glands and 5 incurved ‘reddish
ty)

lobes.

According to Mr. Alwin Berger this plant is not uncommon on
the Continent, but no plant of it has been cultivated at Kew nor in
any collection I happen to have seen during the past 39 years.
beautiful photograph of it growing wild is reproduced by Dr. Mar-
loth in Wissensch. Ergebn. Deutsch. Tiefsee-Exped. vol. 2, pt. 3,
t. 9, but the figure here given is the first and only one that has
appeared in an English book giving a correct representation of the
entire plant.

Very few plants have been more misunderstood than this, for

There is no specimen preserved in the Linnean Herbarium to prove
which was Linnaeus’ type, but, as he appears to have seen it
growing in Clifford’s garden, the cultivated plant would most pro-
bably be one found growing near Cape Town. The species here
figured is the only one which grows around Cape Town to which
the name and description could apply, and as it is recognised there
as being FE. Caput-medusae, it will be accepted as such for the Flora
Capensis. Berger in his “Sukkulente Euphorbien,” p. 110, |
taken the same view of this species, whilst almost all oul authors
have mistaken other species for it or confused others with it. _

_ Euphorbia multiceps, Berger, is one of the most remarkable species
in the genus, being quite unlike any other Euphorbia or indeed any

«

‘ace page IAG.

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ee ad
oe tS

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Cheats
;

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ew Bulletin

Kew Bulletin, 1912.

EUPnuORBIA MULTICEPs.
To face page 247.]

247

other known succulent plant. In rough comparison it may be likened
to a green pine-apple with a number of spikes irregularly protruding
from it. In structure it consists of a stout conical fleshy axis
densely covered from the base nearly to the apex with short cylindric
horizontally spreading branches, forming a conical mass varying
from 3 inches to 2 feet in height and 3 to 10 inches in diameter at
the base, according to age. From between the branches of younger
plants, and from the tips of them also in old plants, arise the stout
spine-like processes seen in the figure, which are really barren
peduncles. Flowers have not been seen.

Although so different from £. Caput-medusae in appearance,
£. multiceps is only a modification of the same type of structure.
In the former the main axis does not elongate so fast as its branches,
which therefore becomes 2-3 times as long as the main axis is high
and spread out on all sides, forming a convex cushion-like mass.
Whilst in the latter the main axis elongates much faster than its
branches, which are always many times shorter than it, thus forming
a conical mass.

E. multiceps is a native of South Africa, where it grows in the
Karoo region around Matjesfontein and in little Namaqualand.

The plant represented in the photograph was received from Prof.
H. H. W. Pearson in March, 1911, and was collected by him
during the Percy Sladen Expedition in Namaqualand.

N.E. B.

Presentations to Museums.—T he following miscellaneous specimens
have been received in addition to those previously recorded in the
etin :—
Lochiel, Achnacarry, Inverness,—Transverse sections of wood
of Larch and ,
Messrs. Dring and Fage, Stamford Street, London, 8.E.—A
collection of scientific Instruments used in Forestry.
Mr. James Whitton, Superintendent of Parks, Glasgow.—
Sections of wood of Abies concolor, A, Nordmanniana,
A, nobilis, Picea sitchensis, Betula alba, and Ulmus
campestris,
Mr. W. W. Courtenay, Richmond, Surrey.—Section of stem
of Prunus domestica, infested with Stereum purpureum.
Mr. M. T. Dawe, Mozambique.—Sliced tubers of Wild Yam
Dioscorea sp.).
Mr. V. F. Leese, Parkend, Gloucester.—Sections of Larch

and Oak.
Messrs. Wigglesworth & Co., Fenchurch Street, London,
E.C.—Sample of Sisal Hemp (Agave rigida, var. sisalana),

from British East Africa.
Mr. H. R. A. Mallock, F.R.S., London, S.W.—Photographs
of Branching Date Palms from Tenerife.
Mr. F. A. Stockdale, Botanic Gardens, Demerara.—Photo-_
< aphs of Coco de Mer (Lodoicea sechellarum).
_ Mr. R. G. Noteutt, Woodbridge.—Section of trunk and a plank
of Corsican Pine (Pinus Laricio).
Mr. Stuart R. Cope, Westminster.—Seeds of Manihot hepta-
phyla, .

248

raser River Indians, British Columbia.

Mr. Leonard Cockayne, Christchurch, New Zealand.— Portion
of plant of Helichrysum coralloides, found growing on dry
rock at an altitude of 1500 m. on Shingly Range, A watere,
Marlborough, New Zealand.

Messrs. Cockarill Bros., Richmond.—Dart-board made of Elm.

r. Rex W. Brent, Forestry Department, Gold Coast.—.A
collection of fruits, seeds, &c., from the Gold Coast.
Jo-M.

Botanical Magazine for May.—The plants figured are Davidia
involucrata, Baill., var. Vilmoriniana, Hemsl. (t. 8432); Iris
chrysographes, Dykes (t. 8433); Sazifraga lingulata, Bellardi
(t. 8434); Hypocalymma robustum, Lindl, (t. 8435) and Calceolaria
Forgetii, Skan (t. 8436),

first introduced into Europe in 1897, when Pére Farges sent seeds
to Messrs. Vilmorin of Paris. The solitary plant raised from
these seeds flowered for the first time in the collection of Mr. M. L.
de Vilmorin at Les Barres, Loiret, in 1906, and it was from this

Coombe Wood nursery and one flowered there, for the first time in
England, in May 1911, The variety figured, regarded by Mr. L.
A. Dode as a distinct species, merely differs from the type by the
absence of the white tomentum on the underside of the leaves.

Iris chrysographes was originally described last year from a
specimen which flowered in Mr. W. R. Dykes’ garden at Godalm-

a sheltered position out-of-doors, and from one of these, namely the
garden of the late Mr, Gumbleton at Belgrove, Queenstown, the

249

flowers from C. Forgetii?. This is a free-flowering plant for the
greenhouse or a sunny border. At Kewit has not proved hardy.

Botanical Magazine for June-—The plants figured are Brachychiton
acerifolius, F. Muell (t. 8437); Rupicola sprengelioides, Maiden

grain. The flowers, which are produced in large lax axillary
panicles, are pendulous, bright pink, and very attractive. The
species was first introduced into England in 1824, and a plant

obtained from a plant, now about 40 feet high, which was presented
to the collection by Messrs. James Veitch & Sons in 1862. This
flowered for the first time in June, 1910.

Rupicola sprengelioides, an Epacrid, was discovered in the Blue
Mountains of New South Wales, by Messrs. J. H. Maiden and
W. Forsyth, in 1898, and the specimen figured was procured from a
plant raised from seeds sent to Kew by Mr. Maiden in 1906. It is
a small shrub with densely leafy branches, linear-lanceolate leaves,
and axillary solitary milky-white flowers about } inch long.

Izora lutea is supposed to be of garden origin. Under the name
of Irora coccinea var. lutea it originally reached Kew about twenty
years ago from the Royal Botanic Garden, Peradeniya, Ceylon.
From the well-known Jzora coccinea it is easily distinguished by its
laxer inflorescence, pale yellow flowers, and by its larger ovate-
rhomboid corolla-lobes. Like several others of the genus, J. lutea
is a valuable warm-house flowering plant.

The Lycium is described as the most effective species in cultiva-
tion. It is a native of the Southern United States and Northern
Mexico, the form figured, which has been grown in the open at

of Labiatae comprising four species, natives of Central Asia,
North-western India and Western Tibet. P. atriplicifolia is found
in the mountains of Afghanistan and extends through the Western
Himalaya to Western Tibet. It is a shrub, 3 to 6 feet high, with a
paniculate inflorescence of rather small blue flowers. e plant
which furnished the material figured was obtained from Messrs.
Bees, Ltd., in 1906.
24254

D

250

December 31st, 1910, has been received recently.
30 pages of letterpress and 12 of illustrations, and deals with the
general management and work of the Department, making special
reference to plantations formed for the supply of railway sleepers.

The chief items discussed are.—Extension and Constitution of
State Forests ; Forest Settlements and Demarcations ; Management
of State Forests ; Indigenous and Exotic Trees, with remarks on
their interplanting ; Exploitation and Administration.

e fusion of the four large provinces, Cape, Transvaal, Orange

Free State, and Natal, occurred during the year. This made it

discussed with the Rhodes Scholarships Trustees, whereby as the
demand arises, a Rhodes Scholar, before proceeding to Oxford,
may obtain a Government nomination which will entitle him to an

ee trees in Natal and to the turning of sand dunes into forest
and with the aid of town refuse in the neighbourhoods of Port
Elizabeth and Cape Town if

. . Ds

Forest Flora of Bombay.* Mr. W. A. Talbot, until recently
Conservator of Forests, to whose enthusiasm we owe much of our
knowledge of the Flora of N. Kanara, has just completed his

* Forest Flora of Bombay Presidenc d Sina ae HT.
Conservator of Forests. 2 es Sy 4to, pp. 508 and orm W. A. Talbot, F.L.S

251

Forest Flora of the Bombay Presidency and Sind—a work which,
as the author explains, is to be regarded as a more complete
edition of his Trees, Shrubs and Woody Climbers of the Bombay
Presidency. |

prove very valuable to Forestry officers since it embodies the

From the systematic botanists’ point of view on the other hand

2/

the work is of somewhat less value. In the main the author has
followed the recently completed flora for the same district by the
late Dr. Cooke. One cannot,- however, but come to the conclusion
that such a handsome work would have been greatly improved had
the author elected to follow the same course as the writers of the
chief floras of India and elaborate his notes by work in a herbarium
where authentic material could be consulted. As an example of
the type of mistake which might then have been avoided Chone-
morpha macrophylla may be cited. The Bombay plant is referred
to this species—and here the author is but following earlier
authorities —but the probability seems to be that the Bombay plant
is distinct from both the Sikkim and the Sylhet one and that there
are other imperfectly known species of the same genus in Burma.
And again from the systematists’ point of view it is to be regretted
that no specimens are quoted under the species.

It must of course be borne in mind that Mr. Talbot was catering
not for the systematic botanist but for the forestry officer. Still it
is a matter of regret that Mr. Talbot has not been able to meet
Pa ar a of both classes in a book conceived on so large a

scale.

‘Both volumes are copiously illustrated, and although the type of
illustration chosen may leave much to be desired the plates will no
doubt afford the amateur some help in identification. Indices to
the Native and English names as well as to the scientific names
accompany each volume.

The work throughout is well printed and might with advantage
be taken as a model by several of the other Government Printing
establishments in India. Ww. G. C.

Introduction of Citrus by means of bud-wood.—In the Report of the
Botanic Station, Dominica, for the year 1910-1911, recently pub-
lished, an account is given on p. 3 of the work which is being done
in the introduction of new varieties of Citrus into the Island.

It has been found by experience that budded plants of Citrus
varieties fail to do well when introduced owing apparently to the
fact that the stocks on which they have been budded are unsuitable
to the local conditions.

The Curator of the Dominica Station has, therefore, been making
experiments in budding Citrus on the local sour orange as a stock
with conspicuous success.

252

Bud-wood of the Bahama grape fruit was obtained from the
Nassau Botanic Station. The carefully-packed shoots, though they
were over six weeks in transit, were successfully worked on the sour
orange stocks in Dominica and 26 per cent. of the buds inserted grew.

Bud-wood has also been imported from Florida and Palestine.

The result is of considerable importance, as it used to be thought
impossible to send bud-wood over long distances, and in order to
introduce a new species or variety it was always considered necessary
to obtain plants from Europe or America.

e Dominica experiments have proved that the introduction of
plants has frequently led to failure, but that by means of bud-wood
varieties may be introduced, and are now flourishing, which
formerly had always been a failure. Further, that it is easier and
cheaper to import bud-wood of standard varieties than to introduce
budded plants.

It is of course essential that the nurseries should contain a good
supply of healthy local stock on which to work the buds immediately
after their arrival.

Shade and Mulch for Cacao.—In Kew Bulletin, No. 4, 1912,
p- 177, reference was made to the cultivation of Cacao on Lord
Glenconner’s Ortinola Estate, Trinidad, and to the good effects of
the liberal mulching there practised.

Numerous trees were being used experimentally for the combined
purposes of giving partial shade and yielding material for mulch
such as Erythinas, Albizzias, Pithecolubium saman and Gliricidia
maculata, One tree which appeared to be particularly useful
proves to be Cassia grandis, Linn. f., from specimens sent to Kew
by Mr. W. Bain.

This tree can easily be climbed owing to its smooth stem, and
yields a plentiful supply of leafy branches for use as mulch.

r. Bain, in his letter accompanying the specimens, writes on
12th May: “We have had an almost continual spell of dry
weather since you left Trinidad [Feb. 6, 1912], and have had only
about 21 inches of rain during the past eight months ; we often get
this rainfall in six or eight weeks. This weather is having a
disastrous effect on the cocoa estates generally throughout the
ish e have lost lots of the young fruit on the estate from
want of sufficient moisture, but the pruning and mulching system
here helps the trees to resist the effects of dry weather. S. ar we

erie got few dead trees compared to some plantations in the
istrict.”

[All Rights Reserved.]

ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW.

BULLETIN

OF

MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION,

No. 6.] (1912,

XXIX.—FUNGI EXOTICI, XIV.
G. Masser.

The following new species of indian Fungi have been sent to
Kew by Mr. Burkill from Calcutta. The specimens were very well
“preserved, and were accompanied by coloured drawings by Mrs.
Burkill and notes so that it has been possible to draw up descrip-
tions under particularly favourable conditions.

AGARICACEAE.

Lepiota mimica, Massee. Pileus carnosulus, campanulato-expansus,
_umbone valde prominente praeditus, longitudinaliter sericeo-fibril-
losus, margine fimbriatus, siccus, albido-caesius, versus umbonem
brunneus, 3-5 cm. latus. Stipes subcavus, sursum attenuatus,
fibrillosus, glabrescens, pallido-fuscescens, 5-6 cm. longus ; annulus
-albidus. Lamellae confertae, approximatae, latae, ex albido fusces-
centes. Sporae ellipsoideae, albidae, 8 x 5 yu.

Inpra. Calcutta: Maidan. On decaying mown grass,
E. M. Burkill, 31.

n many respects closely resembling Lepiota mastoidea, Fries.
Distinguished by its smaller size and crowded gills, which are only
just free from the stem.

” Lepiota punicea, Massee. Pileus carnosulus, campanulato-expansus,

puniceo-lutescens, flocculoso-squamosus, o squamoso-hirtus,
1°5-2 cm. latus. Stipes aequalis, fibrilloso-floccosus, pileo concolor,
3-4. cm. longus, circa 2 mm. Crassus ; annulus mox evanidus.
‘Lamellae confertae, postice rotundato-liberae, ex alhko luteolae.
Sporae subglobosae, oblique apiculatae, 5 x 4 m. een

Inp1a. Calcutta: Secretary’s Walk, £. M. Burkill, 23. oe

Allied to Lepiota cinnabarina, Alb. and Schw., differing in its
“smaller size, deciduous ring and subglobose spores. _ :

‘ Lepiota flavophylla, Massee. Pileus e convexo planus, sericeus,
‘albidus, squamulis compressis brunneis variegatis, 2 cm. latus. Stipes

(24677—6a.) Wt. 189808, 1125. 7/12. D&S.

254

_sursum attenuatus, sericeus, albidus, 1°5-2 cm. longus; annulus
membranaceus, persistens, albidus. Lamellae angustae, confertae,
ac ela acie fimbriata. Sporae ellipsoideae, hyalinae, 5 x 3 pw.
aleutta: Secretary’s Walk, EL. M. Burkill, 15.
Allied to Lepiota citriophylla, Berk. and Broome, from which it is
distinguished by its smaller size, paler yellow gills, and smaller

Lepiota sericea, Massee. inter primo campanulatus, dein hemi-
spherico-expansus, 4-6 cm s, umbone prominulo levissimo ornatus,
margine inflexo fibrilloso, loka Foallias ochraceus, squamulas minutas
gerens. Stipes teres, aequa is, pileo concolor, levissimus, 4-5 cm.,
ad tertiam superiorem annulo concolore. Lamellae confertae, a
stipite remotae, candidae. Sporae oe ae hyalinae, 9 x 4°5—5y.

Inp Icutta: Indian Museum Compound; in plant pot
and amongst grass, &. M. Burkill, 50, 32.

The colour of the cap is somewhat variable, sometimes with a
tinge of brown, more especially at the disc. The stem becomes
‘reddish-brown when dry, as also does the persistent ring. Allied to
LL excoriata, Fries.

Clitocyhe yon, Massee. Pileus carnosulus, e convexo expansu

depressus vel subumbonatus, radiato-rugulosus, pallide bam ent
depallens, " : cm. lata, Eig solidus, aequalis, pallidus, fibrillosus,
Saepe, incurvus, 1 cm. longus. Lamellae confertae, plus minusve

Panetaitek, sordidae. Sporae oblique ellipsoideae, hyalinae, 4 x 3.

NDIA. Calcutta: Hectptaty’ s Walk; about ants nests under a
wall, E. M. Burkill, 10. Allied to Clitocybe parilis, Fries.

Tricholoma giganteum, Massee. ileus carnosus, e convexo ex-
pansus, glaber, margine incurvo, flocculoso, glauco-caesius, aetate
canescens, 30-35 cm. latus. Stipes solidus, fibrilloso-striatus, sursum
incrassatus, pileo concolor, 15-18 em. longus, 6 em. crassus.
Lamellae confertae, postice sinuato-emarginatae, ventricosae, strami-
neae. Sporae oblique ellipsoideae, hyalinae, 7 x 5 yu.

Inpia. Shamnagai; near Calcutta, Z. M. Burkill, 4

If the specimens and figures represent the normal nacuiben .
the fungus, it will rank amongst the largest of ayarics, and is
very interesting addition to the mycological flora of “India. Allied
to Tricholoma colossus,

Volvaria castanea, Massee. Pileus carnosulus, a explanato-
el v

expansus, margine subincurvus, centro no ix depressulus,
glaberrimus, laete castaneus, 4-6 cm. latus Stipes subcavus,
aequalis, glaber, brunneo-tinctus, s, volva ampla

c if

bo lobata. Lamellae postice attenuato-liberae, ventri-

met confertae, retin incarnatae. Spurae subglobosae, leves,
rnato-tinctae, 7—8

ABEL. Calcutta : Seoretary s Walk; under the north side of a
wall, E. M. Burkill, 3

eadily disti inguished amongst known species by the bright

chestnut-coloured pileus. Allied to Volvaria media, rhe

Volvaria delicatula, Massee. Pileus membranaceus, siccus, e conico-

campanulato explanatus, interdum subumbonatus, fibroso-sericeus,

primitus incarnato-tinctus dein decoloratus, 1—-1°5 cm. latus. Stipes

aequalis, filiformi, fibrillosus, pallidus, 1-1°5 cm. longus; volva

255

libera, limbo lobato vel fimbriata, pallida. Lamellae liberae, con-
fertae, ex albo incarnatae. Sporae subglobosae, roseo-tinctae,

3 yu.
Inpia. Calcutta: Secretary’s Walk; under a wall. FA M.

, very beautiful ae species, resembling Volvaria temperata,
in size and general appearance, differing in the fibrously
aly. coloured cap, foacints limb of the volva and smaller sub-
globose spores.
_ Annularia Burkillae, Massee. Pileus carnosus, convexo-expla-
natus, subinde subdepressus, glaberrimus, levissimus, albidus,
opacus, margine rectus, saepe fissus, rarius minutissime striatus,
8-12 cm. latus. Stipes re rectus, teres, 7-10 x 1°5 cm. albus,
primus pruinosus, dein glabratus, annulus parte tertia supera
stipitis adnatus, angustus, albidus. Lamellae confertiusculae, latae,
postice liberae, allide incarnatae vel salmoneae. Sporae sub-
globosae, incarnato-tinctae, 7-8 x 5-6 pm. :

Inpra. Calcutta: Maidan; at the roots of trees, L. M. Bur-
hill, 6. :

The genus Annularia, founded by Schulzer von Miiggenberg in
1866, is remarkable for the size and elegance of the species included.
It is morphologically, the exact counterpart of Lepiota, in the
Leucosporeae, and is characterised by having free, flesh-coloured or
salmon-coloured gills, and a fixed ring or annulus. A. Burkillae is
most nearly allied to A. insignis, Cke. & Mass., which differs in the
scaly cap and ring, and smaller spores.

Stropharia aurivella, Massee. Pileus carnosus, e convexo ex-

nsus, floccosus, aureus, centro squamosus, miniatus, 3—4 cm. latus.
Stipes fistulosus, cylindricus, fibrillosus, supra annulum politus, pileo
concolor, 4 cm. longus. Lamellae confertae, adnatae, ventricosae,
nigro-violaceae, acie fimbriata. Sporae ellipsoideae, purpureo-
tinctae, 6 x :

Inpra. Calcutta : Maidan ; among grass, E. M. Burkill, 33.

A very beautiful fungus, well marked by the floccose, golden-
yellow cap ornamented with vermilion scales at the cen Allied
to Stropharia aureo-fulva, Berk., also an eae species, which
differs in the acutely umbonate pileus and erect ring.
j=Agaricus squalidus, Massee. Pileus carnosus, e convexo ex-
panso-subumbonatus, siccus, fibrilloso-squamulosus, margine fibril-
loso persistente, pallide brunneus, centro obscuriore, 5-6 cm. latus.
Stipes solidus, aequalis, leniter flexuosus, 5-6 cm. longus, fibrillosus,
pileo concolor ; Fearn s membranaceo-tomentosus, persistens. La-
mellae confert angustae, brunneae dein nigricantes. Sporae
oblique allipsoidene, siesta; 7x4u

Inpia. Calcutta: Secretary’s Walk, E. M. Burkill, 11.

Allied to Agaricus silvaticus, Fr., which differs in the hollow
stem and larger spores.

24677 A 2

256

_XXX—MARINE ALGAE FROM NORTH OF NEW
ZEALAND AND THE KERMADECS.
A. D. Corton.

“The marine algae of New Zealand are better known than those
of any other country in the southern hemisphere. Many collections
ee been brought or sent to Europe, and during recent years Mr.

R, M. Laing, together with other workers, has done much in dis-
covering the rarer and less conspicuous species. His revised list of

ew Zealand algae (1899-1901) has proved most useful, and is
generally regarded as a fairly complete list of the algal flora.
Whilst this is true with regard to well-worked centres, it appears
that in other parts, especially in the North Island, there is still
ample scope for the marine botanist.

Amongst collections of marine algae received at Kew during the
last few w years were two forwarded by Miss Edith M. Smith from
Little Barrier Island. These not only supplied species which were
entirely unrepresented in British Herbaria, but contained represen-
eke of important genera, which hitherto were not known to

in New Zealand. Though only a few miles south of the Bay
aE lalate, the algae of which have been investigated by several
botanists, the Little Barrier district is evidently well worth ex-
ploring. Miss Smith also collected at North Cape, and other spots in
the North Island, but all the species forwarded from these localities
were poniained in the Little Barrier collection. A gathering
from ermadecs however deserves special mention, as, previous
to Si coal recently published by Mr. and Mrs. Gepp, nothing was
ie of the a ee of these islands. The group lies some 700 miles

St iaris in the Kermadecs is interesting, as though ceils repre-
sented in Australia the genus is not known in New Zealan
The two subjoined lists contain the names of the species ‘*criiaed

from Little Barrier Island and the Kermadec group respectively.
Common and generally distributed plants suchas Ulva Lactuca
Enteromorpha spp. etc. are not included, neither are those which could
only be named generically, —With- Australian distribution,

when no special area or colony is indicated the plant may be ——
as widely spread.

257
LittLe Barrier Isianp,

se geile ag tre Kiitz., Spec. Alg., p. 415; Harv. i in Hook.
FI. Nov. Zel. i 262.

A vay Ant, species ee in sandy soil.

Distr. North Island, New Zealand.

Caulerpa sad eaten) Ag., Spec. Me i, p. 443 ; Harv. 1 in n Hook.
Fl. Nov. Zel. i 0.

Dir, eatin: New Zealand.

Sargassum Sinclairii, Hook. et Harv. in Lond. Journ. Bot. iv,
p- 522; Harv. in Hook. Fl. Nov. Zel. ii, p. 211.

The common representative of the genus in Bh Zealand. Most
of the other species recorded by Harvey (FI. v. Zel.) are now
excluded or referred to other genera, wet indeed in his revised
list retaining only S. verruculosum, Ag. (= S. Raoulii and S. adeno-
phylinm, Fl. Nov. Zel.

- Distr. New Zealand, won reo Islands, Kermadecs ? Md ate in
Herb. Brit. Mus.)

Carpophyllum Phyllanthus, Hook, et Harv. in | Lond. Journ. Bot.
iv, p. 525; Harv, in Hook. Fl. Nov. Zel. ii, p. 212.

Distr. New Zealand, oe Islands, Kermadecs.

C. maschalocarpum, Hook. et Harv. in Lond. Journ. Bot. iv;
p- 526; Harv. in Hook. Fl. Nov. Zel. ii, p. 212

Distr. New Zealand, Kermadecs

C. plumosum, J. Ag., De Alg. Nay. Zel., p. 11. Pi acres plu-
mosum, Rich., Harv. in Hook. Fl. Nov. Zel. li; p. 212.

Lain (Le.) points out that he has not seen specimens of this
species from ae South Island, and that it appears to be a distinctly
northern for

Distr. No orth Island N. Z., Chatham Islands, Kermadecs.

Cystophora Eevlos rf Aq., as Alg. 1, p. 242; Harv. in Hook.
Fl. Nov. Zel. ii, p

istr. pies 'N ew Zealand.

C. bg tas i Vad Spec. Alg. i, p. 243; Harv. in Hook. Fl.
Nov. Zel. i

Distr. ieee New Zealand.

Xiphophora chondrophylla, Mont., Prodr., p. 12; Harv. in Hook,
Fl. Nov. Zel. fe p- 215. Fucodium chondrophyllum, J. Ag., Laing
Rev. List, p. 6

Ge epp re emarks that “The main point of difference from

X. Billardierii consists in the entire absence of the long strap-
shaped laciniae, all the branches of the thallus sind tig in short
"dichotomous forks which form the itl dane (Phycol. Memoires
r0@

mens from ‘Coo k’s Straits in the Kew Herbarium are Geis
referable to that species. - Laing moreover believes that X. Billar-
dierii is common in New Zealand, and that X. chondrophylium is
probably only a variety. (See Laing in Chilton, Subantarctic
Islands of New Zealand, ii, p. 500.)

-

258

Distr. Southern Australia, New Zealand, Chatham and Auck-
land Islands.
Splachnidium Aree Ai Syn. Alg., p. xxxvi; Harv. in
Hook. Fl. Nov. Zel. ui,

A most interesting tte on the biology of this plant is given by
Laing in Trans, N.Z. Instit. vol. xxv, 8.

Distr. Australia, Cape of Good Hope, New Zealand (E. Indies ?
teste J. Agardh).

Gymnosorus nigrescens, J. Ag., Anal. Alg. cont. i, p. 12.

New to New Zealand. The specimen is very common in many
parts of Australia and has lately been recorded from the Kermadecs
(Gepp Lc.). It is curious that such a conspicuous and distinct plant
should not have been previously detected, but it is probably con-

fined to the northern parts of the North Island.

Distr. N.and 8. Australia, Kermadecs.

Tonaria Turneriana, J. 4y., Om Chatham-darnes Alger, p. ie
Z. interrupta, Ag., Harv. in Hook. Fl. Nov. Zel. i ii, p. 218, n
alior.

Distr. N.and 8. Australia, New Zealand.

Taonia australiaca, J. dg., Anal. Alg. cont. i, p. 3

his species which is an addition to the New Zealand flora is
comparatively rare. J. Agardh described the plant from Port
Phillip Heads, Victoria, and Mr. and Mrs. Gepp record it from the
ermadec islands. A specimen from the same islands exists in the
Kew Herbarium, collected during the visit of = M.S. “ Herald”
in 1854, and labelled Zonaria lobata.

Distr. Victoria, Kermadeces.

Glossophora Harveyi, J. dg., Till. Alg, Syst. ii, p. 3. Dictyota
Te Ag., Harv. in Hook. FI. Nov. Zel. li, p. 219, non alior.

Distr. New Zealand, Chatham Islands.
Perithalia capillaris, J. dg., Till. Alg. Syst. vi,
arently a northern species, being previously only known from
Thames and Great Barrier Island. Miss Smith’s collections contain

specimens from North Cape, at ee and Little Barrier.
Dis madecs.

tr. North Island N.Z.,

Stypocaulon os pt Kite, , Spec. Alg., p. 467. seeeiere
paniculata, Suhr, Harv. in Hook. FL. Nov. Zel. li, p. 221.

Distr. Australia, New Zealand. .

Stypocaulon funiculare, Kitz., Spec. Alg., p. 467. Sphacelaria
funicularis, Mont., Harv. in Hook. FL. Nov. Fel. li, p. 221.

Distr. New Zealand, Cape Horn, S. Chile, Tristan d’Acunha,
S. Australia ?

Liagora Harveyana, Zeh, MS.

The eg sent from Little Barrier are et same as those col-
lected by Harvey in Victoria, and sent out by him as ZL. viscida, in
his “ Australian Algae” (354 B.) Dr. R. Piles and Herr Zeh
of Berlin have a been working on the genus, and have examined

material in the Herbarium of the British Museum. Herr

_ the
Zeh decided thas na present species is distinct from L. viscida of

420d

Bang see labelled Harvey’s specimen Z. Harveyana, Zeh, ms

Dr. informs me that the publication has been delayed
but that the description of the new species will sing shortly.

This tropical and warm-temperate genus is new to New Zealand,

bat it pause 6 be plentiful in certain parts of the North Island.

. Shakespear, who forwarded the first batch of Miss Smith’s

ace. yemarks in a letter that he has since found Liagora in

it,
structural details, which will doubtless be fully dealt with by
eh

Distr. Victoria, Tasmania, North Island N.Z.

Scinaia ogee Bivona in L’Iride, 1822; Harv. in Hook. FI.
Nov. Zel. ii, p. 245.

Known in New Zealand from the North Island only.

Distr. pheiae i and tropical seas.

Galaxaur

it is well established in the North Island. It is probably an
undescribed species, but, for the reasons stated by Mr. and Mrs.
Gepp, it appears most satisfactory to leave it for the present
un-name

Gelidium caulacantheum, J. Ag., Epic., p. 548. (G. corneum, var.
subulifolium, Harv. in Hook. Fl. Nov. Za. ii, p. 243 ?)
Distr. New Zealan

Pterocladia lucida, J. Ag. . Spec. Alg. ii, p. 483; Harv. in Hook,
Fl. Noy. Zel. ii, p. 244,

Distr. Australia, New Zealand.

Gigartina divaricata, Hook. et Harv. in Flor, Antart., p. 75,
G. Sit Lamour., Harv. in Hook, FI, Noy. Zel. ii, p. 251,
arti
Z Distr. Australia, New Zealand.

G. alveata, J. Ar fe Spec. Alg. ii, p. 271; Harv. in Hook. FI.
Nov. Zel. ii, p. 2

This curious aiid very distinct species appears to be somewhat
rare and confined to the North Island. Banks’ specimens are in
the Kew Herbarium, and also Cu unningham’ sand Hooker’s. The
two latter, together with Berggren’s, were collected in the Bay of
Islands.

Distr. North Island N.Z.

Gymnogongrus nodiferus, J. Ag., Epic., p. 210. G. furcellatus,
J. Ag., Harv. in Hook. Fl. Nov. Zel. ii, p. 250, partim.

Distr. New Zealand.

Melanthalia abscissa, Hook. et Harv. in Lond. Journ. Bot. iv,
p. 548; Harv. in Hook. Fl. Nov. Zel. ii, p. 242.

Distr. New Galan

Plocamium costatum, Hook. et Harv. in Lond. Journ. Bot. vi,
p. 404; Harv. in Hook. Fl. Nov. Zel. ii, p. 246.

Distr. Australia, New Zealand.

260

P. brachiocarpum, Kiitz., Spec. Alg., p. 885. PP. coccineum,
Lyngb., Harv. in Hook. Fl. Nov. Zel. ii, p. 245, non Lyngb.
Distinguished from P. abnorme, which it closely resembles, by
the long-stalked, flabellately branched sporophylls, which spring |
m the sides of the branches.
Distr. New Zealand, Chatham Islands, Kermadecs.

warmer part l.c.) states that Berggren’s specimen from
the Bay of Islands is the only known record iss Smith sent
three specimens—two fro Barrier, and. one from the

Kermadecs. The plant is very apt to be confused with Phacelo-
carpus Labillardeiri, and it is quite possible that New Zealand
collectors have mistaken it for that alga.

Distr. Australia, New Zealand, Kermadecs.

Asparagopsis armata, Harv. in 'Trans. Irish Acad. xxii, p. 544.
A, Delilet, Harv. in Hook. Fl. Nov. Zel. ii, p. 233 (non Mont.).

istr, Australia, New Zealand, Chatham Islands.

Laurencia distichophylla, J. Ag., Spec. Alg. ii, p. 762; Harv. in

Hook. Fl. Nov. Zel. ii, p. 234.

It is probable that. New Zealand, and not South Africa, was
the original locality for this species . Ag., Le, p.
plant is frequent in the North Island, several gatherings from various
parts existing in the Kew Herbarium. Miss Smith’s material was ©
copious, and in fine condition. :

Distr. New Zealand. | :

L. virgata, J. Ag., Spec. Alg., ii, p. 752; Harv. in Hook. FI.
Nov. Zel. ii, p. 234.

varies greatly in different species, and it is clear that systematists
must in future give more attention to the nature of this structure.

261.

- Cladhymenia ofa els Hook. et Haro. in Lond. J ourn. Bot.
iv, p. 540; Harv. in Hook.-Fl. Nov. Zel. ii, p. 235.

Distr. ‘New Zealand, Chatham Islands. ,

Aphanocladia delicatula, Falkenb. in Engler and Prantl, Pihiesae
familien, T. i, Abt. 2, p. 444. Rytiphlaea delicatula, Harv. in Hook.
Fl. Nov. Ziel. ii, p. 224. .

See note in Kew Bulletin, 1909, p. 2

Distr. New Zealand, New South Wales (teste Reinbold)..

Euzoniella ovalifolia, Falkenb., Rhodomelaceen, p. 369. ——
ovalifolia, Harv. in Hook. FI. Nov. Zel. li, p. 226, tab. 112

A few fragments were found attached to Chashepiriai, corym=,
soap A rare plant, one gathering only being cited in Laing’s

"Distr. New Zealand, Chatham Islands.

BE. incisa, Falkenb., l.c., p. 369. Polyzonia Harveyana, Dene.,
Harv. in Hook. Fl. Nov. Zel. ii, ‘:p. 227.

Falkenberg (l.c.\ diatiaguiiied EE. Harveyana (= P. incisa, var.
Harveyana, J. Ag.) from the present plant, on the ground that the
lowermost pinnules of et short shoot were branched.. This
characteristic is lacking in the Kew specimens, and it appears to me
questionable whether Falkenberg’s material was not exceptional,
and that the two are not forms of one species, as was formerly
supposed.

Distr. Australia and New Zealand.

K. adiantiformis, Falkenb., l.c., p. 369. i onia adiantiformis,
Dene., Harv. in Hook, Fl. Nov. Zel. i; p- 2

A few fronds of this rare species were and upon Gigartina
divaricata.

Distr. New Zealand.

- Dipterosiphonia dendritica, ie le., p. 324. eee
dendritica, Ag., Harv. in Hook. L Nov. Zel: ii, p..223

Distr. Australia and New ealand

Vidalia Colensoi, J. Ag., Spec. Alg. ii, p 1127. Epineuron
Colensot, Harv. in Hook. Fl. Nov. Zel. ii, p. 2

Apparently common in the North Island, several localities being
given by Laing. In a dried state, unless carefully examined, it is
liable to be confused with Phacelocarpus.

Distr... North Island N.Z.

Euptilota formosissima, Kiitz., Spec. Alg., p. 671. Ptilota formo-
sissima, Mont., Harv. in Hook. k. Fl. Nov. Zel. li, p. 257.

Distr. Australia, New Zealand.

Ballia callitricha, Mont., Wed Péle Sud., p. 94; Harv. in

ook. Fl. Nov. Zel. ti

‘Appabentle iaiiliek this nor the following crate have been
previously recorded north of Lyall Bay in Cook’s

_ Distr. Southern Australia, New Zealnnd, Chatham ks

B. scoparia, Harv., Phyc. Aus tral., . 168.. Callithamnion
oe Harv. in Hook. FI. Nov. Zel. i, a 259. ji
note abov

Distr. Sonthebn Australia, Cape Horn, Falkland Islands, New
Zealand.

262

Ceramium clavulatum, a in Kunth. Syn. aequin. 1, p 2.
Centroceras clavulatum, Mont., Harv. in Hook. Fl. Nov ae il,
wmode

Distr, Tropical and warm-temperate seas.

Microcladia Novae-Zelandiae, J. Ag., Anal. Algol. cont. iv, p. 35.

Common south of Lyttleton (teste Laing). New Zealand speci-
mens of this ugieh “te — to be found in British herbaria.

istr. New

Nemastoma eS Harv., F). Tasm., p. 327, t. 1954.

New to New Zealand. The structure of Nemastoma is so distinct
that there is no difficulty in ascertaining the generic position of the

specimens. As far as can be seen, they differ in no way from
N. Feredeyae, which is not uncommon in Victoria and Tasmania.
Di. Vide supra.

N. laciniata, J. dg., Hpic., p. 1
€ specimen agrees well Sith Beesils description of NV. lac-
iniata, but the plant is not represented in British herbaria, and it
appears to be of rare occurrence.
istr. New Zealand.
Cheilosporium wel coors De Toni, Syll. Alg. iv, p. 1826.
Amphiroa corymbosa, Dene., Harv. in Hook. FI. Nov. Zel. 11, p. 237.
Distr. Australia, New Zealand.
C. elegans, Avesch. in J. Ag, Spec. ae ii, p. 546. Amphiroa
elegans, Harv. in Hook. Fl. Nov. Lek. eo. Sar,
‘Distr. New Zealand, Kermadecs. ;
Corallina Cuvieri, Lamour., Pol. fléx., p. 286. Jania Cuvieri,
eg in Hook. Fl. Nov. Zel. il, p. 237.
Distr. Australia, New Zealand.
Jania micrarthrodia, Lamour., Pol. fléx., p. 271; Harv. in Hook.
Fl. Nov. Zel. ii, p. 237.
Distr. Australia and New Zealand.

KERMADEC ISLANDS.

The following twelve species were collected by Miss Smith during
her stay in the islands ; ; most were also found by Mr. Oliver, but
several are additions (see Gepp, 1. C.). im species collected in the
islands during the visit of H.M.S. “ Herald” in 1854 and by the
“ Challenger” Expedition in 1874, have been observed in the Kew
Herbarium, and two of these, not having been found by Miss Smith,
are recorded in the list.

Cladophora fusca, Martens, Preuss. Exped., p. 22, tab. 3, fig. 1.

The specimens agree exactly with those received by Mr. and
Mrs. Gepp. The plant was also found durin ing the “ Herald” visit,
and thus, though rare and little known, is apparently common in the
Kermadec ¢ roup.

Distr. Propical Pacific.

Carpophyllum maschalocarpum, Hook. et Harv. Vide supra.

C. Phyllanthus, Hook. et Harv. Vide supra.

263 i

C. elongatum, A. et H. S. Gepp, in Journ, Bot., xlix, 1911, p. 20.

See note on the synonomy of this species in the paper fie A.
** Challenger ” specimen collected 30 miles off Raoul Island exists in
the Kew Herbarium. The plant was not found by Miss Smith, |

Zonaria nigrescens, J. Ag.

The plant was also collected by Oliver. See note above.

Taonia australiaca, J. Ag.

Another rare and little. known species. It was found in Little
Barrier Island by Miss Smith, and in the Kermadec group both by
Oliver and by the “ Herald” botanists. See note above.

Haliseris Pohypedeorte't Cotton, sp. nov

22. podioide fron ibus venosis, ab H. Plagiogramma
sinubus Front acutis recedit.

rons 15-18 cm. alta, basi eximie stuposa et plerumque stipite
longo ramoso suffulta, sensim in segmenta dichotoma sinubus acutis
abiens. Segmenta 5-8 mm. lata, linearia, venosa, apice attenuata
margine integerrima. Venae distinctae, cire mm. istantes, a
costa ad marginem oblique excurientes, Tetrasporangia in soros
elongatos collecta. Oogonia ignota.

Bitendes Islands. E. M. Smith, 1908.

The present species resembles in outward form specimens of
H. polypodioides in which the segments are narrow and the axils
decidedly acute. In structure, however, it is quite distinct, being
closely allied to the West Indian H. Pla togramma, and it is not
without some hesitation that the plant is described as new. Its
larger and apparently more robust fronds, together with its acute
axils, furnish distinguishing macroscopic features : and coupled with
these, the veins are found to be decidedly thicker, and more regularly
developed than in H. Plagiogramma,. In all the Kew specimens of
the West Indian plant, there is moreover a tendency for the veins to
be incompletely joined to the main nerve, a peculiarit which is not
found in the Kermadec specimens. These differences appear to be
of sufficient importance to. warrant its being regarded as a distinct
species, specially since there is no certain record of H. Plagio-
gramma occurring outside the West Indian region, and the north of
S. America

The only other species to ‘whieh the plant could be referred is
H. australis, Sond., but though the structure is similar, that species
(judging from the ’ description) i is very much larger, resembling in
habit H. serrata. A few doubtful records occur, ‘which suggest the
possibility that the present plant has been collected in Australia,
but it certainly does not spree with any species that have been
described from that continen

Perithalia capillaris, J. ae:

Galaxaura sp. Z :

This plant is precisely the same as that referred to by Mr. and
meet Gepp (see note above). It was also found by the “ Herald”

854.

” Pertti capillacea, Born. et Thur., Notes Algol., p. 57, tab. 20.
e specimens appear to agree with the European P. capillacea,
but cystocarps are lacking, hence there is a certain amount of

doubt. : nie Ao was also found by the “ Herald” and by Oliver
(see Gepp.
re Ethie. ee penny general.

Cordylecladia s.p.

An interesting specimen, apparently belonging to this genus, was
forwarded. The structure is. cellular, and the swollen apices of the
branches contain cruciate tetraspores. "The faci are 2-3 inches
high, rather slender, and but slightly branched. With the excep-
tion of Grunow’s record of C. argue Harv., from Fiji (which
is doubtful) the genus has not been recorded from the
Zealand region. oe eee uae is hardly sufficient for
descriptive } purpos

Plocamium bridhictar pan: Kitz. Vide supra.

Delisea pulchra, Mont. Vide supra.

' Corallina Cuvieri, Lamour. Vide gin

XXXI CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE FLORA OF SIAM.
ADDITAMENTA, II.

Hebonga siamensis, Radlk. [Simarubaceae]; affinis H. molli,
Radlk., a qua differt foliolis minoribus inaequilateris subfalcatis
acuminatis.

Arbor magna, ramis 1*5 cm. crassis apice conico pilis rufis sep-
tatis tomentello conferte folia pinnata paniculasque axillares geren-
tibus. Holia 7—9-juga, foliolo terminali parvo deciduo (vel interdum
abortivo ?), ad 36 cm. longa, petiolo circiter 8 cm. longo sg ms ;
foliola opposita vel subalterna, ovato-lanceolata, subfaleata,
aequilatera (latere inferiore latiore vix longiore), apice in acumen
lineare obtusum protracta, intermedia majora cum petiolulis 5 mm.
longis ad 10 cm. longa, 3:5 em. lata, superiora inferioraque
decrescentim minora, subcoriaceo-chartacea, nervis venisque supra
impressis insignia, supra praeter nervos puberulos glabra, sca
subtus pilis subflavidis molliuscule puberula et papillis nodiformibu
ornata, inde opaca, cano-viridula. Foie pauciramosae, 14-16
cm. longae, ramis 8 cm. longis. Reliqua generis (cf. Radlk.,
Philipp. Journ. Sc., vi. 1911, p. 365) attamen ductibus. resini-
, hs. quidem, vix vero foliolorum nervos medianos ingre-

ent

rira a, Nawng Kaw, 30 m., Kerr, 2076 (¢ )—“a large tree in
Seeipiies jung le.

Allophylus. eustachys, Radlk. “porate wig ; in con-
spectu Allophylorum fear Radlk. (in Sit ungsber. K. bayer.
Ac., xxxviii. 1908, 209) post A. canal Blume (p. 231)
inserenda, a quo differt omnium acu hirsutie.

Arbor 7°5 m. alta (ex Kerr); rami téretes, 4mm. crassi, ut et petioli,
petioluli thyrsique pilis patulis subfusce hirsuti, cortice pallido
lenticelloso-punctato. Folia 3-foliolata, 17-28 cm. longa, petiolo
robusto teretiusculo supra sulco apice tantum manifesto “exarato
17-28 cm. longo adjecto ; foliola rhombeo-lanceolata, acuminata,
intermedia’ basi cuneata, lateralia basi valde inaequilatera in petio-
lulos contracta, intermedia cum petiolulo 1°5 cm. Janse 12-18 em.

265

longa, 4-6 em: lata, lateralia paullo minora, petiolulis 5-6 ‘mm.
longis, subrepande mucronulato-denticulata,; membranacea, nervis
utrinqgue 10-13 sat approximatis procurvis subtus prominulis in
mucronulos pilosos excurrentibus, saturate viridia, opaca, supra cat

revioribus praesertim ad nervos obviis hirtella, subtus pilis longi-
oribus undique crebris subhirsuta margineque ciliata, epidermide

valde mucigera.» Thyrsi axillares, solitarii, simplices, robustiores,
stricti, ad 20 cm. longi, rhachi striata hirsuta a a basi cincinnos
glomeruliformes sessiles crebros gerente; alabastra 1:5 mm. dia-
metro ; flores mediocres, breviter pedicellati. aie glabriuscula.
Petala cochleariformia, uigui longo J tuegeruinid lac biloba
villosa. Discus, stamina, germen puberula, Fructus juvenilis cocci
globosi, pilis. longiusculis Taxe adspersi ; fructus maturus non visus.

Chiengmai, Ban Pong, in mixed jungle by a stream, 330 m.,
Kerr, 1944,

eae siamensis, Radlk. [Sapindacnte Pan Re eas ob fructum
ignotu ubia, si revera hujus generis . tomentoso, Kurz
eS Dittelasma), a quo inter alia differt pra tomento denso
flavescente-albido induto.

Arbor ramis teretinsculis sulcatis 3-4 mm. crassis ee
oe cortice nigro-fusco. Folia me pinnata, 3-4-ju

saa henteg cum sree olulis 3-5 mm. longis 10-18 cm. ed 4-7
em. lata, integerrima, membranaceo-chartacea, nervis lateralibus
utringue 10-12 sat approximatis oblique erectis venisque reticulatis
supra vix subtus sat prominentibus, supra praeter nervos glabrius-
cula, e livescenti-viridi in subfuscum vergentia, nitidula, subtus
molliter pubescentia, pallidiora, opaca, glandulis microscopicis cla-
vatis sat subadpressis (nec ut in reliquis. Sapindi speciebus

inanibus conflata, paginae inferioris ouatiar re insigni, Pani-
cula terminalis, 13-18 em. longa, pauciramosa, rhacheos apice
ramisque thyrsoideis dense cymulas (polychasia vel dichasia in
cincinnos abeuntia) subsessiles gerentibus, bracteis bracteolisque
subulatis pubescentibus. Flores unisexuales, 5 mm, ongi et. lati,
oblique symmetrici, ¢ breviter, © longius pedicellati, pedicellis
3-6 mm. longis basi articulatis. Sepala 4, be oblonga, varied
dense albide Aca op ciliata, intus su gla a. Petala 4 (infim
sede: inter sepalum 3, et 5 vacua) sub disci aie inserta, ee
spatulata, lamina ovato-oblonga obtusiuscula.concava dorso puberula
intus glabra in unguem lamina paullo breviorem dorso margineque
villosum attenuata, supra unguem squamulis 2 deflexis —~ villoso-
‘barbatis dorso minutim cristatis. aucta. iscus (in. floris parte .
-superiore ante sepalum 4) eitasctaliay inter petalorum. insertiones in
Jobulos tumens, glaber. Stamina 8, intra discum cirea pistillum vel
pistilh: dota inserta, filiformia, floris. 3’ exserta, floris Q bre-
ee ermen V1X superantia, sterilia, praeter apicem: villosula,
‘antheris baker ovatis subapiculatis dorso supra basin, emarginatam

266

affixis introrsis glabris. Germen (floris ¢ rudimentarium) ad disci
marginem inferiorem ante sepalum 3 et 5 insertum, trigono-ovatum,
3-sulcatum, 3-loculare, dense albide tomentosum, in stylum germen
aequantem subulato-filiformem sursum curvatum pubescentem apice
incrassato-stigmatosum terminatum ; gemmulae in loculis solitariae,
prope basin axeos tuberculo insidentes, estes sod ae campylo-
cee ted keee extrorsum infera. Fructus non
56-260 m., Luang Vanpruk, 119, 191.
Da: name, Ma fueng pa (ex Luang Vanpruhk).
Mischocarpus grandis, Aadlk., comb. nov. edicellia grandis,
Pierre, Fl. For. Cochin., t. 324 A.
Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, 900 m., Kerr, 1823.
Murtonia, Craib, gen. nov., qatar Hedysareas et Phaseoleas ponen-
dum ; ad illas fructu, ad has habitu serereg
Calycis lobi duo posteriores in unum emarginulatum connati,
lateralibus infimoque subaequales. eatin amplum, subrotun-
datum, basi cuneatum; alae oblongae, basi a wera: unguiculatae ;
carina obtusa, easeeatcelatns Stamen vexillare iberum, ceteris
connatis. Ovarium lineare, multi-ovulatum, stylo glabro, stigmate
parvo terminali capitat o. Legumen exsertum, articulatum, seminibus
ages’ 7-9, stipitatum vel ob semina infima abortiva longe stipi-
m.— Suffrutex scandens, partibus fere omnibus (floribus = staea
pili " albidis brevibus uncinatis rigidiusculis instructus. li
paripinnata, stipulis conspicuis rigidis ; ; foliola opposita, Bnnisicrvia,
stipellata. Inflorescentia axillaris, ample simpliciter paniculata.
pecies unica,
Murtonia Kerrii, Cratd, sp. n
Suffrutex deiedene + ; tamal: + o pilis uncinatis albidis brevibus
rigidiusculis instructi, mox stig vel fere glabri, virides, interdum
brunneo-maculati, teretes. Folia imparipinnata, petiolo 3-7 cm
longo pilis iis ramuloram similibus instructo suffulta ; stipulae
ovatae, apice acuminatae, pungentes, basi auriculatae, circiter
1°7 cm. longae et 9 mm. latae, saepissime reflexae, virides, striatae,
dorso_ breviter hirsutulae ; ; foliola 5, terminali a laterali bus 1°5-2°5

ongo inferne indistincte sa oa a angulis praecipue pili uncinatis
albidis instructo suffalta ; ; flores solitarii vel gemini; bracteae
lanceolatae vel ovato-lanceolatae, acutae, 2°5 mm. longae, 0°75 mm.
latae, rigidiusculae, cane ciliatae ; pedicelli teretes, 1°5 mm.
longi. Calyx 3°5 mm. longus ; lobi inter se longitudine subaequales,
posteriores in unum late deltoideum emarginulatum connati, laterales

267—

infimusque anguste deltoidei, acuti. Vexillum subrotundatum,

mm. diametro, basi cuneatum ; alae oblongae, basi obtuse sagit-
tatae, 7°5 mm. longae, ungui eracili 15 mm. longo suffultae, medio
carinae adhaerentes ; carina obtusa, 7 mm. longa, ungui 2 mm. longo
suffulta. Stamen vexillare liberum. Ovarium multi-ovulatum,
lineare, 7 mm. longum; stylus circiter 2 mm. longus, stigmate
capitato terminali. egumen ge oi ad 4:5 cm. ongum,

Cultivated ae Chiengmai from seed collected at Lakon Lumpang,
in mixed jungle, 360 m., Kerr, 1534,—“ standard white, keel and |
wings purple.

sre - Craib, comb. noy. A. siamica, Craib, Kew
Bull. 1, p. 47. Pahudia eg lbclideea Kurz, For. FI. Burma,
i. p. 413.

Chiengmai, by oe on Doi Sootep, 330 m., Kerr, 1068 ; Siam,
Teysmann ; ? Korat, Witt,

Distr. Gees urma :; Shan Hills, Abdul Huk, 134.

Siamese name, Mai Makha Yai (ex Wit mie

eee dehiscente, a S. suberifolio, Hook rn., floribus

fructibusque minoribus, ab ambobus indumento rains recedit.
Arbor parva vel mediocris (ex Kerr); ramuli graciles, primo

stellato-tomentelli, mox glabri, cortice rubro-brunneo vel pallide

lanceolata apice acuminata, acuta, basi cuneata vel late cuneata,
rarissime cuneato-rotundata, 7-15 cm. longa, 3°6-5°7 em. lata, rigide
chartacea, supra glabra, subtus nisi nervis parce stellato pubescentibus
dense breviter tomentella, nervis lateralibus utrinque circiter
9 obliquis intra marginem anastomosantibus supra conspicuis subtus
prominentibus, petiolis 1-12 cm. longis indumento ut foliorum
pagina inferiore suffulta. nflorescentia e paniculis duobus racemi-
formibus axillaribus superpositis superiore ad 5 cm. longa inferiore
dimidio breviore constituta ; rhachis breviter stellato-tomentella ;
bracteae fugaces ; bracteolae deciduae, vix 2 mm. longae ; pedicelli
circiter 4 mm. longi, indumento ut calyce dorillagus extra et foliorum ©
pagina inferiore. Calyx truncatus, 3°5 mm. altus, intra superne
tenuiter sericeus. Corollae albae (ex Kerr), tubus 2 mm. longus,
lobi late lineares, 9 mm. longi, 1°75 mm. lati, intra superne subsericei,
inferne parcissime adpresse albo-pubescentes. Filamenta 2°5 mm,
longa, breviter albo-pilosa ; antherae 3°5 mm. longae. Ovarium
circiter 2 mm. altum, adpresse albo-pubescens ; stylus 1:2 cm.
longus, glaber. Fructus om 1 cm. altus, pericarpio extra cinereo-
tomentello corrugato 0°5 mm. crasso in valvas tres regulariter
dehiscente.—S. Benzoin, Giaibs Kew Bull. 1911, p. 409, non
Dryan

Chiengmai, in evergreen jungle on Doi Sootep, nt ois m.,
Kerr, 669; in evergreen jungle, 600-1200 m., Kerr, 6690.

Lao name, Kiim Yan (ex Kerr).

Strobilanthes Kerrii, Craib [Acanthaceae-Ruelieae] ;
dente, C. B. Clarke, foliis brevius obtuse acuminatis cata
vel obsolete crenato-serratis recedit.

268

Suffrutexr circiter 9 dm. altus; caules crispatim pubescentes,
demum puberuli. Folia ovato-lanceolata vel elliptica, maequilatera,
apice acuminata, obtusa, basi latere altero rotundato altero cuneato,
conspicue inaequalia, majora 5°5-16 cm. longa, 2°5-8°3
minora saepe decidua, ad 4°5 em. longa, chartacea, supra lineolata,
‘costa nervisque adpresse crispatim pubescentia, subtus pallidiora,
molliter pubescentia, ‘saver pat vel obsolete crenato-serrata,
nervis lateralibus utrinque ad 7 supra conspicuis subtus prominulis,
nervis transversis satis listantibus iene utraque conspicuis ; ; petioli
foliorum majorum ad fere 2 cm. longi, minorum circiter 5-7 mm.
longi, crispatim pubescentes. er icae capituliformes, axillares,
longius pedunculatae ; bracteae ovatae vel oblongae, 0°5—1-1 cm.
longae, 3°5-4°5 mm. latae, extra et apicem versus intra hirsutae ;
Jracteolae lineari-oblanceolatae, acutiusculae, 7 mm. longae, 1°5 mm.
datae. Sepala 5, subaequalia, uscemenrnconia. obtusiuscula,
‘circiter 1 cm. longa et 1°75 mm. lata superne dense subferrugineo-
glanduloso-pilosa. Corolla pane te (ex Kerr), 4°7 cm. lace, parte
basali at circiter 1°7 cm. longa et 1°5 mm. ane parte
expansa em, diametro, “lobia oblongis. Stamina 4. Ovarium
2 mm. ius apice glandulosum ; stylus inferne an glanduloso-
pubescens

Phre, He Kamin, by streams, 300 m., Kerr, 988.

Strobilanthes (Buteraea) rubro-glandulosus, Crazb [ Acanthaceae-
Ruellieae]; a S. acuminato, Wall., foliis ovatis vel ovato-lanceolatis
crasse irregulariter crenatis recedit.

uffruter sarm ane a ; caules obese rnbro-glandutost, minute

‘anticum e segmentis duobus fere e nal theo epee So isalty
*10°5 mm. longis circiter 2 mm. latis ciliolatis constitutum, posticum
*3-lobatum, 9 mm. longum. Corolla purpurea (ex Kerr), 3 cm. ne
~Capsula vix 1 em. longa ; ; semina orbicularia, compressa, 1°25 mm
‘diametro, pilis hygroscopicis vestita.
ween Lakon and Phre, hear Ban Meh Tah, by streams,
300 m. » Kerr, 995, °°
Justicia chlorantha, Craz) [Acanthaceae-J usticieae]; ab affini
J. flaccida, Kurz, petiolis aud a atis, inflorescentia spiciformi
plerumque simplice facile distinguenda.
Caules circiter 6 dm, alti basi. lign nosi, primo unilateraliter
-pubescentes, mox glabri, subvirides, s tints. Folia late ovata, ovato-
oblonga vel ovato-lanceolata, REE, peniniet obtusiuscula, basi

269

io oa pedungalns communis circiter 4 longus, ut rhachis
unilateraliter crispatim pubescens ; “wie el Teaesianiic parvae.
Calyx 2 mm. longus, lobis 5 acutis ciliolatis. .Corolla viridis (ex
Kerr), 55 mm. longa; labium posticum erectum, emarginatum,
anticum 3-lobatum. Stamina subinclusa. Capsula oblonga, PR
1 cm. longa, inferne in stipitem contracta, parce hha cens. Sem
depresso-globosa, circiter 2 mm. diametro, verruc

Meh Ping Rapids, Ban Kaw, in mixed jungle, ans 2023.

Justicia decumbens, Craib [Acanthaceae-J usticieae]; ab J. flac-
cida, Kurz, petiolis haud vel vix alatis facile distinguenda.

aules decumbentes, nodis inferioribus radicantes, primo bifaci-

aliter pubescentes, mox glabri. ola elliptica vel ovato-lanceolata,
apice Sngramlec obtusa, basi attenuata, 6-18 cm. longa, 2-6°5 cm.

lata, membranacea, utrinque fere glabra, supra lineolata, subtus
pallidiora, nervis lateralibus utrinque circiter 8 supra conspicuis
subtus prominulis, nervis transversis utrinque conspicuis, petiolis

gis supra canaliculatis parce pubescentibus suffulta.
Panicula Pie ei J. flaccidae similis ; bracteae bracteolaeque
parvae. Calyx 2 mm. longus, lobis lineari-lanceolatis acutis ciliolatis.
Corolla alba nisi labio antico purpureo-picto (ex Kerr), 1°5 cm.
longa; labium posticum erectum, anticum breviter 3-lobatum.
Stamina 2, subinclus
Chiengmai, Doi Kum, by stream, 330 m., Kerr, 1658.
Amorphophallus corrugatus, V. £. Brown [ Aroideae-Pythonieae] ;
afinis A. Kerriiz, N. E. Brown, sed ovariis atropurpureis, stylis
sy sara appendice valde corrugata facile distinguitur
Herba tuberosa, perennis. Folium ignotum. Pedunculus 25-55
cm. longus, ad 1 em. crassus, sordide viridis et albido-variegatus et
Gabe oe Spatha erecta, 7-15 cm. longa, 3-7 cm. lata,

reste

24677

270

XXXII—DIAGNOSES AFRICANAE, XLIX.

1361. Amphithalea Bodkinii, Dimmer [Leguminosae-Genisteae] ;
ab A. densa, Ecklon et Zeyher, foliis brevioribus valde latioribus vix
_acutis, floribus fere duplo minoribus distinguitur.
_ Frutex decumbens? undique corollis exceptis dense argenteo-
sericeus, caulibus ad 35 cm. longis teretibus basi 4 mm. crassis ;
-ramuli laterales contebti, brevissimi vel ad 5 cm. longi, dense foliosi.
Folia imbricata, late ovata vel elliptica, brevissime cuspidata =
fusco-mucronata, basi rotundata vel paullulo angustata, 6-9 m
longa, 5-8 mm. lata, valde coriacea, dorso costa prominente id
nervis lateralibus obsoletis. Flores singuli in axillis foliorum
‘superiorum dispositi et ea excedentes, brevissime pedicellati, sicco
rosei ; bracteae subulatae, tubo triplo aut quadruplo breviores. Calyx
extra "pubescens, 5 mm. longus, lobis anguste triangularibus tubo vix
aequalibus. Corolla glabra ; vexillum unguiculatum, 8-9 mm. longum,
4 mm. latum, lamina late obovata emarginata basi auriculata, ungue

latae, 8-9 mm. longae, 2 mm. latae, limbis suboblongis rotundatis
subauriculatis ; carinae lamina anguste falcato-oblonga, rotundata,
auriculata; ungues 2 mm. longi. Pistillum villosulum, apicem
versus glabrum, stigmate truncato.

ouTH AFRICA. Coast Region : Paarl Div.; on the mountains
about French Hoek, 960 m., Bodkin in Herb. Bolus, 8622.

1362. Coelidium amphithalovides, Dimmer [Legumino sae-Genis-
teae]; C. muraltioidi, Bentham, affine sed foliis arrectis brevioribus
haud tortuosis dorso ate carinatis , Spicis longioribus magis cylindricis
facile distinguendum

Fruticulus ad 40 em. n, altus, habitu Amphithaleae ericaefoliae, Ecklon
et Zeyher, sed laxiuscule ramosus et minus foliosus; rami graciliter
arcuati, angulati, juventute foliis obtecti, albo-villosuli. Folia ar-
recta, subimbricata, ericoidea, lanceolata, obtusa, 3 mm. vix exceden-
* tia, dorso fere carinata, mox ‘elabra lucidaque, intra concava, dense
pubescentia. Spicae terminales, cylindricae, 1-2°5 cm. longae, flori-
bus purpureis bracteas foliaceas ovatas valde excedentibus. Calyx
extra pubescens, 5-6 mm. longus, dentibus deltoideis tubo duplo
brevioribus. Corolla glabra ; vexillum breviter unguiculatum,
5-6 mm. longum, lamina fere quadrata ; alae graciliter unguiculatae,
6—6°5 mm. longae, laminis oblongis rotundatis basi truncatis, carina
alis simili sed auriculata. Stylus rectus, filiformis, glaber, stigmate
rs badl truncato.

Soutn Arrica. Central Region: Ceres Div.; on stony slopes
at Gyanes Pass, 840 m. » Bolus, 7346 and 1040.

A rem arkably distinct species with the aspect of Amphithalea

ericaefolia, Ecklon and Zeyher.

1363. Beyer euchaetioides, Diimmer rh Serwetgmadi ero"
C. Bowiet, Bentham, affine sed foliis brevioribus carnosulis sub-
cecnstibies obtusis haud panpadiiebiee calycibus Lialseantiibind dis-
tinctum.

Fruticulus ericoideus ; rami angulati, primo pubescentes, mox
glabri castaneique ; ramuli florentes iehceles brevissimi vel ad 3 cm.
longi, foliis obtecti. Folia saepe subimbricata, a

271

longa, mox praeter sulcam glabra. Flores epiinrige pedicellati, soli-
tari vel in capitula terminalia 2-6-flora congesti; bracteae

parvulae, pubescentes. Calyx extra pubescens, lobis triangularibus
obtusis tubum aequantibus. Corolla gia i vexillum cuneatum,

rotundatum, 8 mm. altum, 4°5 mm. latum; alae graciliter ungui-
culatae, 6- 7 om. ats limbis faboblotgis rotundatis basi trun-
catis ; carina alis similis, auriculis ornata. Ovarium ean as

ea olceaiaay stylo recto glabro longiusculo ; stigma simple

uTH ArFrRica. Coast Region: Clansillians Div. ; on
Gaanthes Range near Clanwilliam, Bodkin in Herb. Bolus, 8966.
_ The specific name implies the loos resemblance this species bears
to Rae, ericoides, Diimmer.

Argyrolobium aciculare, Dimmer [ Leguminosae-Genisteae] ;

A, pine Kceklon et Zeyher, affinis sed glabrior et floribus duplo
minoribus.

Radix tuberosa (fide Bolus); caules annui, florentes stricti aut
subflexuosi, interdum simplices, gracillimi, laxe foliati, teretes,
ad 15 cm. alti. Folia ascendentia, trifoliolata ; petioli teretiusculi,
ad 7 mm. longi; foliola fesrae Cociepitee ria, pungentia, supra pro-

minae, e

Inflorescentia axillaris vel ee uniflora vel saepius umbel-
latim 3-5-flora, pedunculis nudis ad 1°3 cm. longis ; bracteae bracteo-
laeque arrectae, subulatae, 2°5-3 mm. longae. Calyx cum pedicello
circiter 1 cm. longus, argenteo-sericeus. Vexillum late sub-
cuneatum, rotundatum, inferne margine involutum, 8 mm. longum,
5 mm — postice superne subsericeum ; ; unguis fere obsoletus ;

paullulo brevior et magis curvata, Sean Ovarium ad suturam ven- —
tralem et apicem versus pacers stylo valde arcuato glabro ovario
duplo breviore, stigmate subeapitato,

SourH Arrica. Coast Rezion Caledon mat As - the slopes
of a mountain at Houw Hoek, 300-690 m., Bolus,

1365. Argyrolobium Muddii, L/iimmer Hoeganh Be ids el];
a A. transvaalensi, Schinz, foliolis ellipticis, floribus majusculis
distinguitur.

Horta lignosa, ad 40 cm. alta, parce ramosa, ramis subfastigiatis
laxe foliatis teretiusculis fusco-sericeis. Folia trifoliolata ; petioli
2-4 mm. longi ; foliola internodiis aequilonga vel duplo breviora,
5 Jorge apiculata aut obtusa, supra mox fere glabra, subtus fusco-

sericea et costa prominula, subcoriacea, inter se aequilonga m7
terminalia caeteris paullo longiora, circiter 2°5 cm. longa, 0°8-1-2 ¢
lata ; stipulae binae, arrectae, subulatae, petiolos fere aocfbeatiok
Racemi terminales, pauci, recti, 5—7-flori, pedunculis inferne fere nudis
ad 9 cm. longis; bracteae subulatae, pedicellos fere aequantes aut
iis breviores ; bracteolae nullae vel minutissimae. Flores aurantiaci
(fide Mudd), pedicellis ad 8 mm. longis et cum calycibus fulvo-
sericeis. Calycis labium inferius circiter 1 cm. longum. Corolla
labra ; Drea brevissime unguiculatum, lamina ampla reflexa
fere orbiculari 1°3-1°5 cm. diametro ; alae oblique late-oblongae,

24677 B2

272

rotundatae, 1 cm. longae, 5-6 mm. latae ; ungues brevissim1 ;
carina navicularis, obtusa, basi auriculata, 6 mm. longa, 5 mm. lata.
Ovarium hirsutulum, stylo arcuato ovarium fere aequante.
. Soutra Arrica. Kalahari Region: Transvaal; summit of
Mount MacMac, Mudd.
1366. Argyrolobium natalense, Diimmer [ Leguminosae-Genisteae] ;
A. longifolio, Walpers, peraffine, sed glabrescens et racemis gracili-
ori

Frutex gracilis, circiter metralis, laxe distiche ramosus, in sicco
nigrescens, ramis lateralibus ascendentibus teretibus _ sulcatis
superne laxe foliatis mox glabris. Folia trifoliolata ; petioli circiter

ongi ; foliola saepissime conduplicata, lineari-lanceolata, acu-
minata aut acutata, terminalia ad 4°5 cm. longa, 4—5 mm. lata, later-
alia caeteris paullo breviora, fere glabra, subcoriacea ; stipulae soli-
tariae, subulatae, 2 mm, vix excedentes, deciduae. Racemi terminales,
plurimi, ascendentes, interdum secundi, graciliter 5-12-flori, floribus
patentibus brevissime pedicellatis flavidis ; bracteae subulatae, pedi-
cellos aequantes ; bracteolae subulatae, ad 2 mm. longae. Calyx
extra subsericeus, mox glaber, 5-7 mm. longus. Vezxillum 8-9 mm.
longum, 7-8 mm. latum, rotundatum, emarginatum, a medio in unguem
sensim angustatum, postice circa costam fulvido-sericeum ; alae
brevissime unguiculatae, 8 mm. longae, fere glabrae, limbis subob-
longis rotundatis basin versus paullulo angustatis auriculatis ; carinae
lamina navicularis, acutata, 6 mm. longa, 3 mm. lata, glabra ; ungues

ongi. gumen lineari-oblongum, fere rectum, complanatum,
5-6 em. longum, 3 mm. latum, subsericeum, 12—15-spermum, semini-
bus brunneis.

Souta Arrica. Eastern Region: Natal; Itafamasi, Inanda,
Wood, 861.

A species with the facies of A. longifolia, Walpers, but easily
distinguished by its glabrescent character and more slender racemes.

specimen collected by Wood (3847) near Northdene agrees with
A, longifolia, Walpers.

1367. Argyrolobium nigrescens, Diimmer [Leguminosae-Genis-
teae]; A. tuberoso, Ecklon et Zeyher, remote affinis, sed foliolis
brevioribus, floribus oppositifoliis solitariis recedit.

Herba rhizomate lignescente perennans, sicco nigrescens, caulibus
annuis florentibus decumbentibus aut strictis gracilibus parce foliatis
12 cm, vix excedentibus sericeis inferne nudis. Folia erecta, trifolio-

8 mm, longus, extra villosulus. Vezillum brevissime unguiculatum,
lamina orbiculari a em. diametro dorso superne subsericea ;
alae suboblongae, rotundatae, vix auriculatae, in toto 8 mm. longae,
3 mm. latae ; ungues perbreves ; carinae lamina oblique navicularis,
obtusa, basi truncata, 6 mm. longa, 3-4 mm. lata, glabra ; ungues
2mm. longi. Ovarium ad suturam ventralem et apicem versus
hirsutulum, stylo erecto glabro, stigmate capitato. —

273

SoutH Arrica. Kalahari Region: Ono River Colony ;
Harrismith, Sankey, 56. Basutoland, Cooper, 2179. Eastern
Region: Natal ; Yuu Reenen’s Pass, 1500-1800 m. Wood, 4517.

1368. Argyrolobium podalyrioides, Dimmer [Leguminosae-Genis-
teae]; A. collino, Ecklon et Zeyher, peraftinis, sed foliolis multo
latioribus fere truncatis, floribus majusculis distincta.

Planta perennis, undique corollis exceptis valde argenteo-sericea ;

caules annul, pra “ay simplices, lignescentes, graciliusculi, parce
foliosi, ad 30 cm Folia erecta, trifoliolata, saepe internodiis

reviora; petioli ea ai vel ad 8 mm. longi ; foliola late cuneata,

sie arrectae aut patentes, deltoideae, minutissimae. Fees ger
oppositifolii, brevissime pedicellati vel in umbellas terminales
2-3-floras aggregati, bracteis subulatis. Calyx extra argenteo-
sericeus, circiter 1 em. longus. Vexillum brevissime ungui-
culatum, late cuneatum, rotundatum, 1°3 cm. longum, 1°2-1°3 em.
latum, canes sericeum ; alae oblongae, rotundatae, meer
1 cm. longae, 4 mm. latae, sebrees ; ages 1°5 mm. longi; carina
navicularis, obtusa, 8-9 mm. longa, 4—-4°5 mm. lata, basi cintathe
glabra. Ovarium sericeum, stylo aronaid glabro.

Soutu Arrica. Coast Region: Albany Div. ; on grassy hills
near Grahamstown, 600 m. MacOwan, 481. Bothas Berg; 660 m.
Mac Owan, 481. Grahamstown, Tyson,

1369. Argyrolobium rarum, Déiimmer [{Leguminosae-Genisteae] ;
A. Harveiano, Oliver, affine, sed asia petiolis longioribus, foliolis
brevioribus anguste ellipticis differt.

Herba annua? erecta, inferne ramosa, circiter 11 cm. alta, ramis
graciliusculis simplicibus ascendentibus parce fulvido-sericeis. Folia
ascendentia, trifoliolata, internodiis breviora aut longiora ; petio tioli
08-12 em. longi, supra canaliculati ; foliola anguste elliptica, utrinque
angustata, acuta, supra mox glabra, subtus parce sericea, costa fere
obsoleta, vix coriacea, terminalia ad 1°7 cm. longa, 2 mm. lata,
lateralia paullo breviora ; ; stipulae binae, arrectae, subulatae, Sern
duplo aut quadruplo breviores. lores singuli vel bini, oppositi
folii, flavidi, pedicellis ad 8 mm. longis, iiotels _porsaers pedicellis
duplo brevioribus. Calyx extra ean ee: ad 7 mm. longus, laciniis
lanceolatis acuminatis. Corolla abra ; eeiliein brevissime
unguiculatum, in toto 1 cm. altum, lamina late | Nuun one acutata
inferne rotundata; alarum ungues graciles, 3 mm. longi; limbi
naviculares, obtusi, basi truncati, 6 mm. longi, 3 mm. lati; carina
alis similis sed minor angustiorque, auriculis parvulis ornata.
Ovarium suturis sericeis, stylo valde arcuato glabro ovarii longi-
tudinem excedente, stigmate horizontaliter subcapitato.

SoutH ArFrrica. Coast nore Albany Div. ; Grahamstown,
Hell Poort, MacOwan, 940 (or 946 ?).

1370. Argyrolobium Sankeyi, Dimmer [ Leguminosae-Genisteae] ;
ab A, stipulaceo, Ecklon et Zeyher, foliolis ellipticis haud sericeo-
nitidis, ae parvulis distinguitur.

Planta perennis, e basi lignescente ramosa, ramis florentibus
ascendentibus dense foliosis ad 15 em. altis valde villosulis, Folia

274

rectae, oblongae, rotundatae, truncatae aut obtusae, 1 cm. longae,
4 mm. latae. front bseri ik I I

Sou Arrica, Kalahari Region: Orange River Colony ;

Harrismith, Sankey, 43.

1371. Argyrolobium Woodii, Diimmer [ Leguminosae-Genisteae | ;
facie A. nigrescentis, Diimmer, sed caulibus altioribus, stipulis
majusculis, inflorescentiis racemose 3-floris, floribus purpureis.

Caules florentes annui, fere stricti, simplices, ad 30 cm, alti, villo-
suli, Folia erecta, trifoliolata, internodiis saepe duplo longiora ;
foliola saepissime conduplicata, lineari-lanceolata, acuminata, termin-
alia, ad 4 cm, longa, 3 mm. lata, caeteris longiora, utrinque sericeo-
villosula, dorso costata, coriacea ; petioli circiter 5 mm. longi, villosuli ;
stipulae geminatae, arrectae, lanceolatae, cuspidato-acuminatae, ad
2 cm. longae. Racemi terminales, solitaril, 3-flori ; pedunculi
3 em. longi, villosuli. Flores breviter pedicellati, purpurei (fide
Wood), bracteis subulatis villosulis ad 6 mm. longis. Calyx extra
villosulus, circiter 1 cm. longus, laciniis superioribus lanceolatis
cuspidato-acuminatis. Vezillum brevissime unguiculatum, limbo
reniformi-orbiculari 1 em. lato postice ad costam et superne
sericeo ; alae anguste longitudinaliter obovatae, basin versus angus-
tatae et auriculis ornatae, 9 mm, longae, glabrae ; ungues vix 1 mm.
longi; carina brevissime unguiculata, tota 7 mm. longa, apicem
versus ampliata, 3°5-4 mm. lata et pilos paucos gerens, basin versus
abrupte attenuata, vix auriculata. Stylus fere geniculatus, glaber,
ovario hirsuto brevior, stigmate oblique subcapitato.

Sout Arrica. Eastern Region: Natal; Liddesdale, 1200-
1500 m., Wood, 3937.

1372. Indigofera setosa, N. E. Brown [Leguminosae-Indigo-
ferae]; affinis J, heterotrichae, DC., sed foliis mucronatis, racemis
brevioribus et floribus paucioribus facile distinguitur.

Herba 30-60 em. alta. Caules erecti, ramosi, basi lignosi, dense
setulosi ; setulae patulae, subflaccidae, apice minute glanduliferae.
Folia 1-2 em. longa, brevissime petiolata, imparipinnata ; foliola
opposita, 2~3-juga, 0°4-1-2 em. longa, 1°5-4°5 mm. lata, oblonga,
utrinque acuta vel obtusa, apice mucronata, utrinque pilis adpressis
medio affixis parce pubescentia, rhachi in costa infra et interdum
marginibus plus minusve setulosa. Stipulae subulatae, 1°5-6 mm.
longae. Racemi axillares, pedunculati, 3-6-flori; pedunculi 1-2°5
em. longi, setulosi; partes floriferae 4-6 mm. longae. Bracteae

275

subulatae. sien brevissimi, subglabri. ph Aapindinye 5-lobus,
setulosus ; tubus vix 1 mm. longus; lobi 3 . longi, subulati.
Corolla 4 mm. hbia 4 vexillum ca gD breviter ungui-
culatum, dorso pilis adpressis medio affixis minute pubescens ; alae
oblique subspathulato-obovatae, obtusae, glabrae ; carina acuta,
apice parce puberula, Legumen lineare, roar minutissimis medio
affixis adpresse puberulum et plus minus setulo

pe re Arrica. Natal; on a grassy hill i Umhloti, Wood,

This ape is also allied to that which in the Flora Capensis,
vol. ii, p. 196, is described under the name TI. seticulosa, Harv.
which I take a opportunity of pointing out should be altogether
erased from the South African Flora. For J. seticulosa was founded
upon a specimen collected by Armstrong and doubtfully localised
as being from the Cape of Good Hope. But I find it is identical
ais I. viscosa, Lam., an Australian species, under which J, seticu-
losa, Harv, must’ rank as a synonym, the type specimen being
identical with Armstrong’s No. 385, collected at Port Essington,
and doubtless belongs to that gathering.

1373. Crassula densa, WV. H. Brown [Crassulaceae]; species dis-
pees affinitate dubia.
succulenta, 4-6 cm. alta, dense ramosa. Folia ad apicem
ramorum acne rta, 6-8 mm. longa, 4-8 mm. lata, 3-7 mm. crassa,
basi connata, esheets vel alliptiso-wubttiggoti obtusa vel
subacuta, supra leviter convexa, subtus valde convexa et subcarinata,
viridia, tuberculis minutissime pruinato-
papillosi is. Pedunculus terminalis, 3m. longus, gracilis, minutissime
pruinoso-puberulus, bractearum minutarum paribus duobus ae
instructus. Flores sessiles, parvi, in cymam capituliformem 1 c
diametro congesti. Calyx 2 2 mm. longus, puberulus ; lobi 1°5 mm.
longi, subulato-lanceolati, acuti. Corolla 2°5 mm. longa, gamopetala,
infra medium 5-loba, alba ; lobi 1°8 mm. longi, oblongi, apice obtusi,

polline luteo. Sguamae hypogynae late obcuneatae, truncatae vel
GInBTE MBAS; luteae. Carpets amino subduplo breitiors; pallide

SoutH AFRICA. Collected during the Percy ae ee
tion to the Orange River in 1910 by Prof. Pearson, No.

Described from a living plant ae flowered at Kew, Dosti
6th, 1911.. When dried the largest leaves shrink to the dimensions
of about 5mm. long and 2°5 mm. broad, and become elliptic, elliptic-
obovate or suborbicular.

1374. Crassula inamoena, N. EF. Brown [Crassulaceae]; affinis
C. paniculatae, Dietr., sed foliis angustioribus subdistichis basi
supra carinatis et eciliatis facile distinguitur.

Herba succulenta, subacaulis, caespitoso-ramosa. Folia radicalia
6-8, opposita, oblique subdistiche rosulata, conferta, recurvato-
patula, carnosa, subflaccida, 4—8 (in cultura usque ad 10) cm. longa,
1-1°5 em. lata, 5-8 mm. crassa, late linearia vel subattenuata, obtusa
vel acuta, supra infra medium plana leviter medio-carinata, supra
medium leviter convexa, subtus valde convexa, glabra, haud ciliata,
impresso-punctata, viridia, subnitida. Pedunculus 15-18 em. longus,

276

medio bractearum pare instructus, glaber. Bracteae folia reducta
simulantes, 1°5-1°8 cm. longae, suberectae, basi connatae. lores
sessiles, in capitula vel cymas capituliformes 1°2-1°5 cm. diametro
dense conferti ; couias: inferiora pedunculata, superiora sessilia
vel subsessilia. Sepala 2 mm. longa, oblonga, obtusa, dorso valde
convexa, glabra, Pia, atrovirentia. Petala conniventi-erecta,
3 mm. longa, 1‘6-1°7 mm. lata, basi connata, obovata, obtusa, dorso
pone apicem apiculo conico obtuso crasse-carnoso instructa, glabra,
. alba. Stamina inclusa, glabra; filamenta alba; antherae luteae.
Glandulae hypogynae subquadrangulares, truncatae, aurantiacae.
Carpella in stylum brevissimum attenuata ; stigma magnum, viride.

Soutm Arrica. Collected during the Percy Sladen be eae
tion to the Orange River in 1910 by Prof. Pearson, No. 548

Described from a living plant which flowered at Kew in on
1912,

1375. Cotyledon procurva, VN. E. Brown [Crassulaceae]; affinis
C. triflorae, Haw., sed foliis longe cuneatis multo angustioribus et
floribus procurvis facile distinguitnr, »

Herba nana, succulenta, perennis, glabra. Folia alterna, laxa,
adscendentia, 3-5 em. longa, apice 1°5—2°2 cm. lata, 7-8 mm. crassa,
anguste cuneata, apice subtruncata et deinde in petiolum ‘teretem
5-15 mm. longum cuneato-attenuata, laevia, epunctata, olivaceo-
viridia vel sie dee aay glauca, Pedunculus terminalis, 2-3 cm.
longus, 2 mm. crassus, simplex, inferne nudus, snperne laxe spicatus,
sordide purpureus, glaucus. Flores alterni, solitarii vel bini vel terni,
subsessiles, minutissime bracteati. Calyx 2°5 mm. longus, minute et
acute 5-dentatus, viridis, glaucus. Corolla procurva, in gemma

1

iets ; tubus cm, longus, cylindricus, sordide purpureus ;
bi 4—4°5 mm, longi, patentes vel recurvi, lanceolati, acuti, pallide
eee

Soutn Arrica, Locality and collector unknown. Described

from a ee plant which flowered at Kew, August 30th, 1911.

1376. Callitriche compressa, NV. EF. Brown [Haloragaceae] ; affinis
C. deflecae, A, Br., sed caulibus ancipitibus et carinis fructus non
productis differt. |

Herba aquatica, submersa, glabra. Caulis valde compressus,
anceps. Folia uniformia, 4-10 mm. longa, 1-2 mm. lata, obovato-
spathulata, obtusa. Fructus minutus, 0°70-0°75 mm. mg et latus,
subquadrato-orbicularis, angulis subacute carinatis, sulco dorsali

acuto. Stzgmata quam fructus duplo breviora, deflexa, persistentia.

Sourn Arrica. Natal; in a stagnant pool at Umbilo, Miss
Franks in Herb, Wood, 11943.

1377. Eugenia pusilla, NV. E. Brown [Myrtaceae-Myrteae] ;
affinis E. albanensi, Sond., ei habitu simillima, sed foliis anguste
lineari-lanceolatis facile distinguitur.

erba perennis, 10-15 em. alta. Caules annui, fasciculati, pens
graciles, 0°6—-0°7 mm. crassi, glabri. Folia opposita vel alterna
eniercota vel leviter patula, brevissime petiolata, 2-3°5 cm . longa,

mm. lata, anguste lineari-lanceolata, acuta, basi attenuata, uni-
nervia, pellucido-punctata, marginibus revolutis, glabra. Flores
solitarii, ex axillis foliorum inferiorum enati, omnino elabri. Pedi-
celli 1-2 cm. longi, graciles, apice bibracteati. Bracteae 2 mm.

a7

longae, lineares, recurvae. Sepala 4, 2 mm. longa, latissime ——
acuta, Petala delapsa. Stamina 3°5 mm. longa, incurva. Ovarium
breviter obconicum
TH AFRICA. Transvaal: near Amsterdam, in Ermelo
District, Forbes
‘This species, “although closely allied to £. albanensis, Sond.,
so different from a Eugenia in general appearance, that until ‘i

378. Mesembryanthemum Pearsonii, NV. F. Brown [Ficoideae-
Mesembryeae]; affinis M. testiculari, Ait., sed foliis multo majoribus,
calyce supra folia exserto, floribus minoribus bicoloribus differt

Herba succulenta, 4—5 cm. alta. Folia 2, basi connata, nasoeile
denti-patula, 3°54 cm. longa, 4°5 em. lata, “5 em. crassa, supra
subplana marginibus acutis, dorso convexa, subgibbosa, leviter
carinata, apice leviter apes laevia, glabra, alba nec glauca.
Flores soliterii, inter folia terminales. Peduneuli validi, compressi,
exserti, 2°5 cm. longi, pee merely Bracteae inferiores foliis
arcte contiguae, 1°5 cm, longae, 8 mm eG,
superiores minores, subacute trigonae, obtusae, lneves , glabrae, albae.
Calyx 1°3 cm. diametro, 6-lobus, glaber ; lobi 3-4
lati, latissime ovati, obtusi. Corolla 3-3°2 cm. reales petala
3—4-seriata, exter: 1°3 cm. longa, linearia, obtusa, purpurea,
interiora gradatim breviora, sordide lutea, rubro-vittata. Stamina
numerosissima, patula, in annulum dense conferta ; filamenta albida;
jegiiene pallide luteae. Styli nulli; stigma sessile, discoideum,

iametro, subcrenatum vel obscure lobatum.

Been TH AFRICA. Probably a native of Little Namaqualand,
collected during the Perey oon arn Nene to the Orange River
in 1910 by Prof. Pearson, No. 5

M. testiculare, Ait., on a large scale, and differs from all others of
which I have examined flowers in having a large discoid sessile
stigma. The flowers expand at night or early morning, and are
closed or partly closed during the day, and in colour are somewhat
peculiar, the outer series of petals being mauve-purple, whilst 2-3 of

e inner series are of a somewhat dull bir i more or less streaked
with purple.

1379. Sphenoclea Dalzielii, NV. £. Brown Bs aamrpa | 3; Species
a S. zeylanica, Gaertn., spicis minoribus subglobosis vel breviter
oblongis nec conicis et corolla quam lobis calycis duplo longiore
differ

Herba 0°3 m. alta, glabra, caule debili curvato vel flexuoso pauce
ramoso. ' Folia alterna, patentia, subsessilia, 2-2°6 cm. longa,
6-11 mm. lata, oblonga vel obovato-oblonga, apice rotundata, basi
cuneata. Spicae saepe foliis oppositae, 5-15 mm. longae, 5-7 mm
crassae, subglobosae vel oblongae, obtusae, nec conicae, pedunculatae,
10-25-florae. Pedunculi 0°4—1'1 em. longi. Sepala 15 mm. longa
et lata, suborbiculata, integra. Covell sepalis duplo longior,
campanulata, 5-loba ; tubus 1°75-2 mm. longus ; lobi 1 mm.

278

geet ovall, 2 pesca Stamina inclusa; filamenta 0°4 mm.
longa ; anthe ‘4 mm. longae, 0°5 mm. latae. Ovarium apice
depressum ; ails brevissimus ; stigma simplex.

Norrwern Nigeria. Katagum district, Dalziel, 201.

During the 120 years that have elapsed since Gaertner established
this remarkable genus, which more resembles a Phytolacca than one
of the Campanulaceae, no second species has hitherto been added
to it. The discovery of S. Dalzielii is therefore of more than
ordinary interest. It differs from S. zeylanica, Gaertn., by its more
flaccid stem, which seems to be of quite a different texture, much
smaller and not conically pointed flower-spikes, a corolla twice as
long as the calyx-lobes, stamens with filaments as long as (not
shorter than) the anthers, and the latter broader than long, and
much smaller than those of S. zeylanica

1380. Baissea breviloba, Stapf Vi 2 ee ee affinis
B. subsessili, Stapf ( Oncinoti subsessili, K. Schum.), sed indumento
tenuiore, foliis praeter t costas glabris
tenuioribus minute bracteatis, floribus 4 mm. haud excedentibus
brevius lobatis distincta.

Frutex scandens, ramis gracilibus rufo-pubescentibus vel villosulis
Folia oblonga, breviter acuminata, acumine apiculato, basi sub-

truncato-rotundata, circiter 5 mm. longa, 1°5-z cm. lata, subcoriacea,

in costa et in nervorum axillis pilosa, caeterum glabra, nervis
secundariis utringue 4-5 infra prominentibus tenuibus, _venis
transversis inconspicuis ; petioli vix 2mm. longi, pubescentes. Cymae
in paniculas laxas subdivaricatas terminales et axillares foliis bre-
viores dispositae, minute rufo-pubescentes ; bracteae See ging
acutae, infimae 2 mm., caeterae 1 mm. longae ; pedicelli
longi, Calyx minute pubescens, 1°5 mm. longus ; sepala Sate pen
subacuta. Corolla late campanulata, 4 mm. longa, extra minute
rufo-tomentella ; tubus intus supra staminum insertionem callis ob-
tusis in annulum transversum confluentibus instructus, supra eam
glaber, infra fasciculis piloram argenteis ornatus ; lobi e basi ovata
lanceolati, acuti, tubo aequilongi vel eo paululo breviores. Antherae
2 mm. longae. pees in vertice a ae arena ; stylus clavatus ;
stigma apice bi

TROPICAL eat Southern Nigeria. Ikpe, ote ils

In Thiselton-Dyer’s Flora of Tropical Africa, vol. vi. p. 613,
I stated that K. Schumann’s Oncinotis subsessilis, which at ‘the time
was not represented at Kew, would probably have to be referred to
Baissea, Specimens received since have confirmed that view, and they
suggest its insertion and that of the present species after B. ango-
lensis in the arrangement adopted in the Flora of Tropical Africa. »

1381. Farquharia, Stapf [| Apocynaceae-Echitideae}; genus novum
habitu Isonemati , R. Br., simile, sed ob corollae lobos symmetricos et
staminaad tubum medium i a et in eo tota inclusa plane distinctum,

ructu seminibusque adhuc ignotis in tribu difficile disponendum.

. Calyx parvus ; ee es 5, subaequalia, imbricata, obtusa ; glandulae
intracalyculares 1-2, minutae. Corolla hypocr aterimorpha ; tubus
eylindricus, supra medium paulo ampliatus, ore vix constrictus,
nudus ; lobi oblongi, obtusi, in alabastro dextrorsum obtegentes et
leviter. torti. Stamina sub medio tubo inserta, inclusa ; antherae in

279

conum conniventes, lineares, breviter acuminatae, acutae, ob appen-
dices loculis aequilongos inferne liberos sagittatae, inter crura antice
pulvino albo-pilosulo instructae ; amenta brevissima, in tubo
eee Cala: parte decurrente intus valde prominente. Dis-

0. Carpella libera, densissime ferrugineo-tomentosa et pilis
intriati cohaerentia ; ; stylus filiformis; stigma infra apiculum

sguletbinieam ovula numerosa, in placenta intus prominente pluri-
seriata. Fructus et si ignota.—Fruter scandens (?). Folia op-
posita, subcoriacea, tenuiter nervosa; glandulae oe parvae,
Flores in paniculam brevem corymbiformem disposi

F. elliptica, Stapf; species unica.

t raeter inflorescentiam et novellas tenuissime ferru-
gineo-furluraceo-pubescente glaberrima. Rami teretes, juniores
crassiusculi medulla ampla. Folia paribus 3-4°5 cm. distantibus,
elliptica vel rarius oblongo-elliptica, abrupte breviter obtu-
siuscule acuminata, yee rotundata vel brevissime attenuata,
7-10 cm. longa, 4-6 . lata, chartacea vel subcoricea, nervis
lateralibus utrinque iene 4 patulis tenuissimis infra marginem
arcuatim connexis saepe inconspicuis ; petiolus 3-5 mm. longus,
supra profunde canaliculatus. Jnflorescentiae rami primarii 2°5 cm.,
secundarii 0°5—1 cm., tertiarii circiter 2 mm. longi, cymas 3-1-floras
gerentes ; pedicelli 3 mm. longi; bracteae perlate ovatae, vix 1 mm.
longae. Calyx vix 2 mm. - Tongus, densissime tenuissime nee 5
puberulus; sepala ovata. Corolla in alabastro maturo 2°5 cm.
longa, extra praeter basin glabram Peer papillosa, intra in limbo
papillosa Same glabra ; tubus 16-17 mm. longus, supra m medium
4-5 w atus ; i 9-10 mm. longi, ae mm. lati. Antherae cum
ET et 5 mm. oe Stylus circiter 9 mm. Prieta minute
verruculosus.

TropicaL Arrica. anes Nigeria: Benin District ; Mo-
gumu, J. H. J. Farquhar

1389. Omphalogonus Caw FE. Brown [Asclepiadaceae-Peri-
ploceae] ; affinis O. calophyllo, Baill., sed foliis brevioribus apice
obtnseribae vel subtruncate rotundatis, cymis minoribus et lobis
exterioribus coronae obtusissime gibbosis differt.

coohte eae glaber. pes ee — glabra; petioli
2-3 ¢ ongi; laminae 6-10 ongae, 5-8 cm. latae, elliptico-
Senha ‘vel elliptico-oblongae, “ae Sheabatiins vul subtruncato-
rotundatae, breviter cuspidatae, basi cordatae vel subcordatae,
siccatae subtus glaucae, venis nigris percursae. Cymae axillares,
pedunculatae, 4—6 cm. diametro, glabrae. Pedunculi 1*5-1°7 cm. longi.
Bracteae parvae, squamiformes. Pedicelli 3-5 mm. longi. Sepala
3 mm. longa, subrotunda, obtusissima. Corolla 2°5 cm. diametro,
rotata, ad = 5-loba, extra glabra, intra papillato-puberula,
atro-purpurea ?; discus patelliformis ; lobi 9 mm. longi, 8 mm. lati,
elliptico-oblongi, apice rotundati. Coronae lobi 5, antheris oppositi,
bilobulati, lobulis antepositis; lobulus interior erectus mm.
longus, subcuneato-oblongus, apice emarginatus, antice canaliculatus ;
lobulus posticus radiatus, corollae adnatus, valde compressus, vl
in gibbum obtuse rotundatum 0°5 mm, longum elevatus. Anther
pilis longis hirsutae.

280

TropicaL Arrica. Southern Nigeria: without locality, VN. W.
Thomas, 1011.

When working out the Asclepiads for the Flora of Tropical Africa
I had not seen a specimen of this genus, but afterwards specimens of
O. calophyllus, Baill. were received at Kew, when I fo a that
Baillon’s description of the corona is erroneous, as this genus has
not a double corona. The corona consists of 5 lobes ine the
anthers, but each lobe has a basal much compressed process radiating
from it and adnate to the corolla-tube or disk and forming 5 parti-
tions, which divide the tube into 5 pocket-like cavities. In O. calo-
phyllus the apex of these partitions rises into an acute subulate
point ; in O. nigritanus it forms a rounded compressed hump. The
inner part of the coronal-lobe is erect, cuneate-oblong, notched at
the apex and channelled down the face in both species. The flowers
of both dry black.

1383. Car oe corrugata, WV. £. Brown [Asclepiadaceae-
Biavelisne] : species floribus solitariis concentrice corrugatis ab
omnibus Gatiistlexinia,

Caules vel rami primarii superne multiramosi, capes ramuli
siccati 2°5-8 cm. longi, 3-6 mm. crassi, conferti, 3—4-angulati ;
anguli dentibus parvis late deltoideis apice minutissime tomentellis
instructi. Flores solitarii, terminales et infra apicem ramorum
dispositi. Pedicelli 1-2 (fructu 4-8) mm. longi, glabri. Sepala
1-3-2 mm. longa, ovato-lanceolata, acuta vel acuminata, glabra.
Corolla 1°9-2"1 cm. diametro, extra laevis, intra in tubo et disco
concentrice corrugata et in lobis tuberculata, glabra, brunneo-pur-
purea(?); tubus ig erm rae 4 mm. longus; lobi patentissimi, 6—7
mm. longi, 7 mm. lati, deltoideo-ovati, acuti, marginibus recurvis.
Corona exterior 10-dentata ; dentes per paria antheris oppositi, erecti,
0°5 mm. longi, subulati, pilis paucis instructi. Coronae interioris
lobi 0°75 mm. one subulato-lineares, obtusi, antheras aequantes et iis
arcte incumbent

TROPICAL ASRICL. cease Somaliland: without precise
locality, Drake Brockman, 477, 4

1384. Caralluma Dalzielii, — Brown [ Asclepiadaceae-
Stapelieae]; affinis C. adscendenti, R. Er. sed duplo minor et corollae
lobis longe ciliatis differt

Herba succulenta, 15-28 om. alta, e basi ramosa; rami erecti,
tetragoni, basi 8 mm. crassi, deinde usque ad apicem gradatim
attenuati, glabri, angulis dentatis; dentes in folia rudimentaria
subulata 3-4 mm. longa transeuntes. Flores fasciculati, penduli ;
fasciculi axillares, 2—3-flori, secus partem superiorem ramorum laxe
dispositi. Pedicelli 2-3 mm, longi, ee. glabri. Sepala 2 mm.
wha subulata, acuta, glabra, Corolla 1 cm. diametro, 5 loba; tubus

1°5 ongus, cupularis, glaber; lobi patuli, 4°5-5 mm. longi,
1°5 mm. lati, lanceolati, subulato-acuminati, replicati, extra glabri,
intra pilis tenuissimis sparse pubescentes et pilis longis fusiformibus
atropurpureis supra medium dense ciliati, basi albidi (vel lute-
scentes ?) purpureo-maculati, superne atropurpurei. Coronae lobi
exteriores 1-1°3 mm. longi, erecti, profunde bipartiti, segmentis
subparallelis subulatis, fusco-purpurei, glabri ; lobi interiores 0°6 mm,
longi, antheris incumbentes, deltoideo-oblongi, obtusi, glabri, fusco-
purpurei.

281

TropicaL Arrica. Northern Nigeria: Katagum District
Dalziel, 317; on rocky hills at Sokoto, sometimes planted near
houses, native name “ Karan Masallachi,”” Dalziel, 367.

Described from dried specimens and fresh material preserved in
formalin. The fine and scanty pubescence on the inner face of the

corolla-lobes is quite invisible on dried flowers that aa been boiled
for dissection, until all moisture has evaporated from the surface.
The long hairs fringing the lobes are also very nail detached, and
in the specimens examined were mostly only to be found in unopened
buds.

1385. Thorncroftia, V. E. Brown [Labiatae-Ocimoideae] ; genus

vum affinis Orthosiphoni, Benth., sed eile peg labio inferiore a
basi tripartito et stigmate profunde bifido diffe

Calyx campanulatus, bilabiatus, fructifer ‘Holes’ labium ~
superius ovatum, acutum, in tubum decurrens ; labium inferius sub-
aequaliter 4-dentatum, dentibus anguste deltoideis acutis. Corolla
bilabiata ; tubus longe exsertus, ein cylindricus ; labium superius
cuneato-oblon ngum, apice emarginatum; labium inferius a_ basi
tripartitum, segmentis lateralibus Ti cart lashantatie subacutis, seg-
mento medio concavo obtuso. Stamina 4, didynamia, declinata, ad
os tubi corollae inserta, libera, exserta ; antherae confluentes
uniloculares. Discus parvus, antice in elandulam tumens. Stylus
apice we are bifidus. Nuculae subellipscideae, apice leviter
corrugatae.—Herba bipedalis. Folia opposita, parvula, petiolata.
Flores oppositi, pedicellati, in racemos paniculatim dispositi.

T. longiflora, NV. H. Brown ; species unica

Herba perennis, bipedalis, esas ubique puberula. Folia breviter
petiolata, subcrassa , 0°5-2°5 cm. longa, 1°5-10 mm. lata, elliptico-
lanceolata, obtusa, basi aes. ‘integra vel paucidentata. Hacemz
3-6 cm. longi, in paniculam terminalem 12-15 em. longam dispositi.
Pedlicelli 3-4 mm. longi. Calyx 4 mm.,demum 6 mm, longus. Corolla
carnea ; tubus 3°5-3'8 em. longus, rectus, anguste cylindricus, fauce
haud ampliata ; ; labium superius 1 cm. longum, 7 mm. latum,
cuneato-oblongum, apice emarginatum ; labium inferius a basi tripar-
titum, segmentis lateralibus 6 mm, longis 15 mm. latis lineari-
lanceolatis subobtusis, segmento medio 6-7 mm. longo explanato
3°5-4 mm. lato elliptico-oblongo obtuso. Stamina 7-9 mm. longa,
Stylus aon bifidus, lobis linearibus subobtusis. Nucleae sub-
ellipsoideae, apice leviter impresso-rugulosae.

South Arrica. Transvaal: among rocks near Barberton,
1220 m., Thorncroft, 795.

In gen neral appearance this plant much resembles Syncolostemon
densiflorus, Benth., and when out of flower might possibly be

mistaken for it, but the corolla, instead of having only 2 entire or
slightly lobed lips, i is distinctly 4-lobed, one lobe forming the upper
lip and three lobes forming the lower lip, so that it cannot be
generically associated with either Syncolostemon or Orthosiphon.
The tube of the corolla is unusually long.

282

Ramuli leviter sulcati, awe Folia pala vel oblanceolata,
Agee subacuta; basi angustata et trinervia, 2°5-4 cm. longa,

Perianthii tubus 8 mm. longus, superne villosus ; segmenta 6 mm.
longa, glabra ; Galak lineari-oblongus, 4 mm. longus, glaber.
Antherae lineares, 3 mm. longae. Stylus 1*1 cm. longus ; ob ae
2 mm. longum. Infructescentia subglobosa, vix 2°5 cm. diametro
bracteae 5-seriatae, inferne fulvo-villosae, superne g elabrae. F lets
transverse ellipsoidei, 4 mm. longi, 1 cm. lati, glabri

uw Arrica. Cape Colony: Clanwilliam Div.;.near Honig
Malay. ait on Koude Berg, Drége, aa. Worcester Div.; Hex
River Valley, Wolley-Dod, 4042.

1387. Mimetes integra, Hutchinson in Dyer FI. Cap. vol. v.
sect. i, p. 647, anglice [Proteaceae-Proteeae]; affinis M. argenteue,
Knight, sed foliis argenteo-tomentosis, involucri eats exterioribus
tenuiter pubescentibus, floribus pro rata minus exsertis. .

Rami dense villosi. Folia Eee vel elliptico-lanceolata, apice

integra, subacute callosa, basi leviter angustata, 5-5°5 cm. longa,
circiter 2 cm. lata, dense sabe argenteo-tomentosa ; 3 nervis
lateralibus ascendentibus distinctis. Inflorescentia quam folia multo
breviora, 4-4°5 cm. longa. Capitula versus apices ramulorum ag-
gregata, 7-8-flora ; involucri bracteae exteriores ovatae, obtusae,
6-8 mm. longae, 5 mm. latae, intermediae oblongae, apice rotundatae,
circiter 1*2 cm. longae et 6 mm. latae, extra tenuiter adpresse pube-
aug intus glabrae, ste interiores (circiter 8) 1°2-1- 4 cm
longae, lineares, extus dense villosae, intus glabrae. Receptaculum
leunitcr setosum. Perianthii tubus brevissimus ; segmenta 2°
longa, filiformia, tenuiter subadpresse pubescentia ; limbus 7-8 mm.
longus, linearis, acutus, extus breviter pubescens et tenuiter longe
pilosus, oe 5 mm. longae. Squamae hypogynae subulato-fili-
ormes, 2 mm. longae. Ovarium anguste ovoideum, 1 mm. longum,
breviter fubisiosns stylus 2°5 mm. longus, filiformis, glaber; stigma
lineare, obtusum, 6 mm. longum, M. Massoni, Meisn. in DC.
Prodr. vol. xiv. p. 264, mien non R. Br.

Soutn Arrica. Caledon Div.; banks of the Zondereinde
River, near Appels Kraal or aslhbuavie: mountains, Zeyher, 3688,

1388. Micrococea lancifolia, Prain [ Euphorbiaceae-Crotoneae] ; ;
species M, capensi, Prain, quam maxime affinis, differt foliis angus-
tioribus secus nervos utrinque pubescentibus, ramulis crassioribus
rhachibus petiolisque pubescentibus bracteisque majoribu

Frutex dioicus erectus, ramulis crassiusculis dense pubeecentibus.
Folia petiolata, membr ranacea, lanceolata, acute acuminata, b

tomosantibus, subtus parum nervo mediano ‘levatis, juniora purpur-
ascentia, utrinque secus nervos dense pubescentia ceterum glabra.

283

Racemi axillares ; masculi ignoti; feminei 8-10 em. longi, rhachis
parce pubescens triente imo nudo excepto dissite florifera ; bracteae
ovato-lanceolatae, bracteolaeque lanceolatae pubescentes ; pedicelli
dense pubescentes, 4 mm. longi, bracteis duplo Icngiores. Calyx
feminei 3-partitus ; lobi ovati, acuti, 3 mm. longi. Syuamae hypo-
gynae petaloideae, lanceolatae, 2mm. longae. Ovarium 3-loculare,
ense adpresse hirsutum ; styli 3, 2 mm. longi, basi connatae, fim-
briato-laciniatae, reflexae. Capsul a 3-cocca, 1 cm. lata; cocci
2-valves, purpurascentes parce hcp: crustacei, simul loculicide
septicideque dehiscentes, Semina globosa, vix matura.
MADAGASCAR. x orth Madagascar, Baron, 6310.

1389. Asparagus zuluensis, NV. 7. Brown [Liliaceae-Asparageae] ;
affinis A. retrofracto, Linn., sed ramis rectioribus, foliis squamiformi-
bus brunneis (nec albis), ladies brevioribus et antheris plus quam
duplo brevioribus

Suffrutex scandens, glaber. Caules vetustiores brunneo-cinerei ;
rami et ramuli solitarii vel 2-8 verticillati, horizontaliter patuli,
recti, graciles, ramis 8-16 cm. longis, ramulis 1°5-5 cm. longis.
Folia squamiformia 3-4 mm. longa, ovata, acutissima, profunde

- concava, fusco-brunnea. Cladodia numerossissima, tenuissima, verti-

cillata, incurvata, 1°2-1°4 cm. longa, 0°3 mm. crassa, filiformia,
acuta. Flores in axillia cladodiorum solitarii. Pedicelli 6- 7mm . longi,
infra medium articulati, parte persistente 2mm. longa. Perianthium
2°5-3 mm. longum; segmenta oblonga, obtusa. Stamina inclusa ;
filamenta anguste linearia; antherae perparvae, vix 0°5 mm. longae
et latae, suborbi¢ulares. Ovarium breviter stipitatum, trigono-
glohoso-obovatum, subgranulato-rugosum ; stylus 0°75 mm. longus,
apice trifidus, inferne leviter incrassatus.

Soutw Arrica. Zululand, from a plant collected by Mr. J.
eee and cultivated in Durban Botanic Garden, Natal, Wood,

1390. Stylochiton Rogersii, NV. LE. Bites [Aroideae-Stylochi-
toneae]; affinis S. lobato, N. E. Brown, sed foliis angustioribus,
spathae tubo multo longiore et spadice incluso differt.

Herba perennis, tuberosa. Folia 4-5, radicalia, glabra ; petioli
7-10 em. longi, ad medium vaginati, variegati; laminae anguste
sagittato-hastatae ; lobum anticum 10-15 cm. re em 1*1-1°8 cm,
latum, lineare, acutum ; lobi postici 2°5-4°5 cm. longi, 4-8 m
lati, lineares, obtusi. Spatha e 1-2, axillares, sietiolos subaequantes,
pedunculatae; tubus 5°5 cm. longus, 1:3 cm. latus ; limbus obliquus,
acutus, 2°5 cm. longus, extra viridis, intra albidus? Spadiz inclusus,
5°3 cm. longus. Flores feminei 7, monocyclicae, liberae ; perian-
thium totum adnatum, obliquum. lores masculi dense conferti ;
perianthium compressum, 4-dentatum ; stamina libera ; filamenta
brevissime clavata, crassa.

Portugurse East Arrica. Near Villa Machado, Rogers,

284

XXXIII—SOME GARDENS AND PARKS IN 8S. EUROPE.
W. J. Bran.

Four years ago at the desire of the Director I visited a number
of gardens and -parks in Central Europe, and some notes on that
journey appeared in the Kew Bulletin for 1908, p. 387. During
April of the present year I was directed to make a journey with
similar objects in Italy and Dalmatia. On this the following notes

re based :—

La Morro.a.

As an only slightly lengthened journey was involved it appeared
desirable to reach Italy by way of the French Riviera, and thus
was enabled to devote four days to visiting the famous gardens at
Hyéres, Villa Thuret and Eilen Roc (at Antibes), Monte Carlo
and La Mortola. <A fortnight or three weeks might very profitably
be spent on the seaboard between Marseilles and Genoa, but if there
were only time to visit a single garden that garden should be La Mor-
tola. There are of course finer individual specimens of certain
plants to be found in other gardens, but nowhere is there such
wealth and variety and such general excellence as at La Mortola.

and beauty. It would be too long a task to do more than speak in
general terms of the collection. To one whose experience has been
confined to northern gardens almost every step at La Mortola
reveals some striking or unfamiliar plant, perhaps one he has hitherto
only known as a weakling in a pot growing in all its natural luxu-
riance, many altogether new and unfamiliar to him.

Mention of a few of the plants in flower on April 4th will give
some idea of the diversity of the collection here: Aloe Hanburyana
with crowds of brilliant red spikes, 4. plicatilis, coral red, A. Mar-
lothii, rich crimson and orange, A. rubro-violacea ; Dimorphotheca
aurantiaca, Echium fastuosum, Gnidia carinata (yellow), Grevillea
vestita (white), G. Thelemanniana (scarlet); Mesembryanthemum
edule, M. atroviolaceum (with lustrous purplish-violet flowers),
Sutherlandia frutescens, Calodendron capense, Fuchsia arborescens,
Leptosyne gigantea (yellow, and very showy on walls), Berckheya
grandiflora (a shrubby composite, with bright yellow heads 3 to
4 inches across), Wigandia caracasana(knownin England as a plant for
sub-tropical bedding, here asmall tree carrying noble panicles of purple

285

flowers), Tecoma australis (pale yellow), Jasminum primulinum,
Pilocarpus appre be (with slender racemes of lurid purple flowers,
see Bot. Mag. t. 7235), Odontospermum sericeum (yellow flowers and
silky grey foliage), Lochroma lanceolata, Pittosporum phillyraeoides
(with elegant pendulous branchlets clothed with blossom) ; Sophora
secundiflora (a bushy evergreen 10 ft. high with Wistaria-like
thyrses of dark blue and white flowers, attikingly handsome),
Dosliguens erebra (with rugged cork-like bark), Leptospermum laevi-
gatum ; Cytisus filipes 10 ft. high, a cascade of milk-white flowers.
Succulent plants thrive remarkably well and there is a very
extensive collection of them. Among Agaves, the vividly ne Spann

long covered with a white membranous sheath. Of ordinary flower-
ing things like roses it is not necessary to write, bar they made a
beautiful display, and here I first saw the glorious masses of the
various Banksian roses in bloom which give to Italian gardens at
this season their greatest charm

HYERES.

The a coHmBHyRaee Garden at Hyéres is a branch of the estab-
lishment at Paris. The most imposing trees in the garden are
Eucalyptus ae which, both here and at Villa Thuret, over-
shadow all native trees. It was here I first saw in quantity Pitto-
sporum Tobira, a Japanese rae. It is the most conspicuous
evergreen in this garden and bore large crops of Papi aged scented
flowers, open and in bu n the gardens of and even Dal-
matia this Pittosporum is planted i in great Me os being only less

abundant than Luonymus japonicus an nd much more pleasing. It is
always effective either as a picturesque isolated bush (I saw them
25 ft. high on the Isle of Lacroma), 1 in masses, or as a hedge. It
promises to fill the same place in these countries as Rhododendron
ponticum or Cherry laurel does at home, and is perhaps in danger of
being equally overplanted. At Hyéres, Melaleuca thymifolia % is 25 ft.
high, its slender pendulous branches extremely elegant, Cereus monst-
rosa is 10 ft. high, and deserving of mention are two fine pyramidal
examples of Juniperus drupacea (male and female), “ne a group of
five magnificent Washingtonia robusta, perhaps 50
eres is noted for the abundance of palms, peri Phoeniz
canariensis, in its streets. They meet the eye at every turn and
many of them are now of great size, with rugged picturesque trunks.
I believe the town is proud of them. A rainy morning, such as the
one when I was there, is certainly not the best time to appreciate
avenues of Phoenix, but it a peared to me that the sullen grey tints
of these innumerable palms give a sombre, almost funereal, aspect
to the town

Vituta Tuuret, Cap pv’ ANTIBES.

On a hill outside the little town of Antibes is the famous garden
of Villa Thuret, containing an extensive collection of exotic trees
sa

and shrubs founded chiefly by the late Charles Naudin. It i
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490

picturesque garden of quite informal design richly stocked (too
richly, indeed, to secure the best landscape effects) with plants from
Australia, New Zealand, Chile, Japan and 8. Europe. The conifers
are very good, and it was interesting to see well-grown trees of such
species as Tetraclinis articulata (40 ft.), Podocarpus macrophyllus,
an elegant slender tree 45 ft. high, Cupressus lusitanica (perhaps
80 ft.) and Tazodium distichum with pendulous branchlets. Arau-
caria excelsa grows to a good size on this coast but seems to be
thinly furnished and damaged by wind. I saw no tree anything
like so well furnished and graceful as the one in the Temperate
House at Kew. A. Bidwilli, on the other hand, 40 ft. high, is im
woe condition. Cycas revoluta is common in the open air in

. France and Italy, but other cycads are rarely seen. Here at

Among palms other than common Phoenix, Trachycarpus, etc.,
the most striking are fine examples of Erythraea armata (or Brahea
Roezhi as it is usually named here), its curving fronds being of an
intense glaucous hue. Eucalypti of various sorts thrive exceedingly,
some with trunks perfectly smooth others with the bark hanging
loose in large strips or flakes. Here, as at Hyéres, it is the Eu-
calypti that stand up above all other trees and first catch the eye
as one approaches the garden.

It is scarcely hardy at Kew.

There is much of interest horticulturally on the Cap d’ Antibes ;
a great trade is done in early roses for cut flower, and one grower
makes a speciality of Gerberas, his stock, I believe, having originated
from the varieties raised by Mr Irwin Lynch at the Cambridge
Botanic Garden. No one should miss the wonderful gardens of
Hilen Roe which are open on Tuesdays on payment of one franc.
They stand upon, and partially cover, rocky cliffs washed at the
base by the Mediterranean, and through and about them walks lead
one to most enchanting views of coast, mountain and sea. The
gardens themselves, owned by Mr. Wylie, are perfectly kept and
well stocked with choice plants. The entrance fees, now amountin
to several hundreds of pounds per annum, are devoted to charitable
purposes, A similar arrangement obtains at La Mortola.

MILAN.

Visitors to Milan who are interested in park planting should pay
a visit to the Giardino Pubblici. It is not often one sees a public
park so admirably planted. The ground is undulating but not hilly,
and the well-planned walks lead the pedestrian to a succession of

287

beautiful vistas and tree groups. I do not know the date of the
foundation of the park; many of the trees must be 100 or more
years old, but may have existed on the site previously. The
designer appreciated the higher landscape value in gardens of
grouped trees and shrubs as compared with a mixture of individuals,
and the provision of spacious lawns helps to the appreciation of
their beauties. The Judas-tree was really splendid here. A group
of about twenty Taxodium distichum approaching 100 ft. in height
planted near the lake have developed conspicuous “knees.”
group of magnificent fastigiate oaks made a bold and striking
picture, and Magnolia grandiflora planted in a mass was 50 ft..high.
reat hollow rectangle of horse chestnuts in flower made an
effective display. Cedars and especially the deodar are excep-
tionally vigorous, but some other conifers like common spruce are
asa) oes fe
poor and should be removed. Aegle sepiaria has occasionally been
suggested as a hedge plant in England. There is one in this park
about 100 yds. long, not so efficient a barrier as I should have
imagined. Probably the persistent clipping prevents the full
development of formidable spines, and its restriction to 3 or 4 ft.
in height may curb its energies too much. roup of Musa Basjoo
(or japonica) here, as in other places, looked very forlorn with
stems bare or carrying but one or two battered leaves, leading one
to wonder (as with some bamboos at home) whether their beauty
at one part of the year sufficiently compensates for their depressing

possessing. A
Between the Castello and the Arco della Pace is the extensive

PALLANZA.

There is much that is interesting to be seen by the lover of
gardens and especially of trees and shrubs in and about Pallanza.
There is the well-known nursery of the Brothers Rovelli and many
well kept gardens belonging to private houses and hotels, and,
within an hour’s row on Lake Maggiore, are the famous gardens 0
Isola Bella and Isola Madre. The vegetation generally is luxuriant
and presents rich and varied tints that give a pleasant change from
the grey olive-clad country farther south. gay

Messrs. Rovelli’s nursery occupies an elevated promontory jutting
out into Lake Maggiore, charming views of which on both sides are
obtained from the summit. On the other hand, to the view of
travellers along the road which follows the margin of the lake, the
nursery presents a remarkable variety and wealth of vegetation.

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288

The grounds are of especial interest for the large specimens of trees
ain contain that are scarcely hardy in the British Isles or only in
the south-west. exican pines, there are Pinus pseudo-patula
with picturesquely rugged bark, P. Wincesteriana and P. Russelliana
(forms of the very variable P. Montezumae), P. Llaveana an
P. patula (the last 35 ft. high, a striking mass of drooping foliage
of a pale glaucous hue) all trees of unusual size in Europe. P. cana-
riensis is 35 ft. high but en suffers from cold. The most
interesting conifer in the nursery is a superb example of Keteleeria
(Abies) Fortunei, quite unrivalled in Europe. I ; is about 85 ft.
high and its erect shapely trunk is about 2 ft. 9 in. in diameter,
furnished to the base with branches. The ground aber was strewn

with old cones. Not far from it is a grand specimen of golden
larch (Pseudolarix Fortunei) between 90 and 100 ft. high and 9 ft.
in girth near the base. This tree is, of course, quite hardy in
England ; what makes the Pallanza tree so interesting besides its
noble dimensions is its fertility. Mr. W. B. Hemsley, in writing of
this species in the Botanical Magazine, t. 8176, observes that the
only perfect seeds he had been able to find were some that Fortune
collected 50 years before, now preserved in spirit at Kew. But
beneath the branches of Messrs. Rovelli's tree are hundreds of
Mn seedling trees that have sprouted from its fallen seeds.

hey vary from 1 to 6 years old and from a few inches to 2 or 3 ft.
in height.

The New Zealand Podocarpus Totara is 30-ft. high; P. chilina

25 ft. A female Araucaria Were is 60 to 70 ft. high with a
slender trunk 15 inches in diameter. There are also a good Abies
religiosa, a Mexican fir only arse in a few places in the mildest
parts of the British Isles, a splendid A. bracteata—so rarely seen in
fine condition, and Cunninghamia sinensis, of which the same has to
be said. Pinus australis, the true pitch pine, is 50 ft. high.

Other plants besides conifers that were noted are too numerous
to mention, but a few deserve special notice :—Aegle sepiaria is
12 ft. high and as much through and bears fruit freely ; its ally,
the little Citrus Japonica, was covered with its brightly coloured
yellow fruits about the size of large marbles. Eugenia apiculata is
30 ft. high ; Illicium religiosum prettily in flower ; Camellia
Sasanqua alba 18 ft. high and only a eves less wide, a dense bush ;
the variety rosea nearly as large; Olea fragrans 25 ft. high and
over 30 ft. through ; and there are large bushes of the tea plant.
Rhododendron Sesterianum, one of the hybrids between A. ciliatum
and R. Edgeworthii, 6 ft. high and laden with blossom, made an
exquisite picture.

Isota BELLA AND Isota Mapre.

In order to visit these two islands conveniently it is best to take
a rowing boat from Pallanza or Baveno ; the regular steamers that
ply on Lake Maggiore call at Isola Bella but not at Isola Madre,
which for its vegetation is decidedly the more interesting.

Isola Bella is the most noted of the a of Borromean Islands

and is one of the beauty spots of N. Italy. Originally a rocky
islet, it was converted into its present fertile state about 1671 ied

289

perate House at Kew and clear of leaves for 25 ft. up. After
_ having traversed the Riviera, Magnolia grandiflora has become so

familiar that one almost ceases to remark it, but here at Isola Madre
it 13 so fine that one’s admiration is perforce renewed. mass of
Beschorneria yuccoides with its tall arching panicles of scarlet flowers
gave a charming combination of grace and bright colour. n
Elaeagnus—always called E. reflexus in the S. of Europe—which
. from the shining brown undersurface of the leaves must be a form
of EF. glabra or perhaps a hybrid between it and EL. pungens, is
. occasionally seen in English gardens as a low spreading evergreen

8 In S. France and Italy it becomes a climber; at
Mortola it had reached the top of a pine 40 ft. high; in some places
it is used as a thick, clipped hedge trained on iron fencing. Here at
Isola Madre it serves admirably for forming arbors. It appears to
have some value as a sea-side plant. At the Chateau of Miramar
near Trieste I saw masses of it luxuriating on cliffs within a few
yards of the Adriatic.

Cupressus cashmeriana.—The most interesting and remarkable
tree on Isola Madre is the Cashmere cypress. The history of this
species is somewhat obscure and its native country—most probably
N.W. India—is not certainly known. It may even be a form of

Banksian Roses.—The most fascinating of all plants in this part
of the world in April and May is the Banksian rose. Altogether

290

there seem to be five forms of it: single white (in two forms, large
and small), single yellow, double white and double yellow. Of these
the double yellow would appear to be the most popular. One sees
it grown in various ways, such as on and over walls, on arches, on
pergolas, and on trees, but its beauty never palls, for associated with
the colour beauty of its blossoms are the rich verdancy of its leaves
and the unsurpassed grace of its long slender branches. At Isola
Madre it has reached the top of a common bay tree and now drapes
it almost to the base, at the time I saw it a slender pyramid of
glorious yellow 40 ft. high.

Deodar succeeds admirably wherever I saw it in Italy, and
at Isola Madre it was magnificent. Of other trees hardy in
Britain I noted Libocedrus decurrens with a trunk over 3 ft. through
and, as I noticed elsewhere, not columnar in shape as it usually is
with us, but pyramidal and more spreading, Tazxodium distichum,
_ Liquidambar styraciflua 70 ft. high, Aegle sepiaria a tree 15 ft. high,
Abies Pinsapo and Lawson cypress. n the other hand the
difference between this and the average climate of Great Britain is
shown by the existence of such plants luxuriating out-of-doors as
_ the following: Acacia dealbata A. Baileyana, A. melanorylon, A.
_ longifolia, A. pravissima, Hakea saligna (in bloom), Podocarpus
_ Lotara, Rhododendron arboreum 30 ft. high with a trunk 18 inches
in diameter, Fatsia papyrifera, Casuarina equisitifolia, Agaves, Dasy-
lirions and Opuntias. Erica arborea here fully justifies its specific
name. .

Amorphophallus Titanum, which first flowered at Kew in 1889 (see Bot.

_ an interesting selection of palms in the open air, two of which by
his kindness we were enabled to illustrate. ‘The more remarkable
one, Nannorhops Ritchieana, Wendland,* a very rare palm from

a
ought to be hardy in the mild south-west counties of Britain. The

___* Nannorhops Ritchieana, H. Wendland in Bot. Zeitung 1879, p. 148;
_ Aitchison in J ourn. Linn. Soc. xix., 140, t. 26. A gregarious tufted low-growing

glabrous palm, with prostrate branching robust rhizomes or stems. Leaves
cuneately flabellate, rigid, plicate, split into curved 2-fid segments : petiole short.
Spadix interfoliar much branch

t vary trigonou sh ilar.
Drupe small, globose or oblong, 1-seeded, style basilar. ee, erect, ven- .
trally hollowed ; hilum small, albumen equable ; embryo dorsal or sub-basilar.

eceari and Hook. f, in Flora of British India, Vol. vi., p. 429.
A native of Sindh, the Western Punjab, Afghanistan.

Kew Bulletin, 1912.

24677

[To face page 20.

NANNORHOPS RITCHIEANA.

Kew Bulletin, 1912.

TRACHYCARPUS TAKIL.

To face page 291.)

291

other palm of which an illustration is given is Trachycarpus Takil,
Beccari,* also from N. India, It is a close ally of the hardy 7. ex-
celsa, but easily recognisable by its different port and by the closer,
neater fibring of the trunk
A visit was made to the School of Horticulture at Cascine on th

outskirts of Florence. An interesting branch of activity here is
the hybridisation and improvement of Anthuriums, especially of the
red-spathed section. A group showing some of the best results
secured a first prize at the recent International Show at Chelsea.
Another interesting culture is that of Camellias in the decomposed
wood of Castanea sativa, This material, regarded here as a sub-
stitute for peat, is the brown, fungus-killed wood one sees in hollow

trees, and Camellias, which will not grow in the ordinary soil,

pinetum is maintained containing many admirable specimens, among
them Monterey Cypress (C. macrocarpa), girthing 11 ft. 4 in., and
a large specimen of the fastigiate Cephalotaxus pedunculata, the
lower part of which had reverted to the ordinary spreading type.
As street trees in this part of Florence I noted Celtis australis with
its clean trunk like a beech, and Melia Azedarach, still retaining
much fruit.

BosBoLtt GARDENS, FLORENCE.

These gardens are deserving of a visit because they represent the
typical gardens of Italy. They are attached to the Royal Palace
of Tuscany, but since the unification of Italy under the House of
Savoy, neither the Palace nor the Gardens have been much used by

which stand the dark spires of Cypress.
show many features of peculiar interest, added to which is the charm
which age and associations alone can give. e are accustomed to
regard Versailles as the first, as well as the grandest, exposition of
its peculiar type. But that the ideas which gave it birth existed a
century previously is shown by these Boboli Gardens at Florence,

2-4-nis, pedicello brevissimo suffultis ; ramulis floriferis inconspicue papilloso-
puberulis vel glabrescentibus; fructibus transverse reniformibus profunde
umbilicatis, stigmate prope apicem excentrice et fere laterali, endocarpio tenui.

eccari in Webbia, i., p. 52.

This palm, allied to 7. excelsa and T. Martiana, is found in N.E. Kumaon
where, according to Duthie (Gardeners’ Chronicle, 1886, i., p. 457), the natives
call it “‘ Thakil,” from which “the mountain called ey Thakil to the south of

na.

Phithauragarh is named.” Duthie, however, regarded it as T. Martia

292

founded as they were in the middle of the 16th century. There is
the same predilection for straight lines, tall clipped hedges, broad
gravel walks and statuary. But there is one thing that gives the
Italian Gardens a very distinctive character, which is the prevalence
of the spire-like, fastigiate form of Cupressus sempervirens. Here
there is a splendid avenue of them over 300 years old, some of the
trunks being over 6 ft. in girth. The Holm oak is much used to
form hedges and in its natural shape; in one place it is made to
form the low arches of a long pleached alley. At the lower side
of the garden there is a pleasing old-time arrangement of formal
box-edged beds and statuary surrounded by water.

NaPLEs.

The most important public place for tree study in Naples is the
Villa Nationale, a park and promenade stretching along near the
sea at the west end of the town for two-thirds of a mile. It was
originally laid out in 1780, and there are in places some finely grown
trees. is was the most southerly point I reached, and the lati-
. tude was indicated by the character of the trees and shrubs grown,
which were of a more subtropical character than I had seen either
at Florence or Rome. Among palms, Sabal Blackburniana was in
robust health; a group of 14 examples of Washingtonia robusta with
their uniform circular stems suggest the columns of a Greek temple ;
besides the common Phoenix canariensis there is a fine specimen of
the date palm 50 ft. high. Strelitzia augusta was in flower; Gre-
villea robusta was 50 ft. and Casuarina equisetifolia 20 to 30 ft.
carried enormous crops of persistent cone-like fruits, 14 to 24 inches
long. An Erythrina, probably E. Caffra, 30 ft. high, had a trunk
.2 ft. in diameter. Agave potatorum was in flower, as was also Acacia
longifolia 30 ft. high. The branches of Cercis Siliquastrum were
simply cylindrical masses of blossom. The value of Holm oak as a
sea-side shelter tree (apparent enough in some of our south coast
resorts) was very evident here. Of three rows of trees, those on
the outside are within 20 yards of the sea, much battered and tilted
over from windward ; the middle row shows the same influences to
a less degree, whilst those of the third row are ractically normal
in growth and shape. With so many interesting trees available for
the purpose, the use of common Robinia Pseudacacia as an avenue
tree in this climate can scarcely be regarded as an inspiration, the
trees (in full flower on April 12th) have a thin meagre aspect.

mong the plants used for bedding are Cinerarias and Clivia
miniata,

La Froriprana, NapLes.

Through the kindness of Sir Schomberg K. McDonnell I obtained
an introduction to the garden at La Floridiana. The villa was
uilt by one of the Bourbon Kings of Naples—a white house

most beautiful and admirably managed in Naples. From its elevated
site glorious views are to be had of the sea with the islands of Capri
and Ischia in the distance, of Vesuvius, and the coast line of the

\

293

bay to Sorrento. In this garden I had the good fortune to see the
finest examples of stone pine (Pinus Pinea) I had found. This tree
is, of course, one of the characteristic trees of Italy made familiar
to us in innumerable drawings and pebungs, but rarely, so far as
I could judge, is it so fine as here, where several of its towering
columnar trunks, crowned with a dark pecans mass of branches
and foliage, show to perfection against the sky. A notable tree
growing near the house is a Carob (Ceratonia Siliqua) with a trunk
3 to 4 ft. in thickness. Of rarer trees is a se good example of

pale grey, almost eae like foliage, are very striking. ere is
also an admirable tree of Araucaria Bidwillii. Many of the plants
noted elsewhere are, of course, growing here also, such as Pitto-
sporum Tobira, Chamaerops humilis, fine masses of Camellia and
Juniperus drupacea, always in great perfection. A hedge of blood-
red Rosa indica I was too early to see, but in a few weeks later it
must make a wonderful display. The grounds cover some 20 acres
but are so admirably disposed that they seem much larger. There
is no formality, and the grounds are traversed by winding walks,
canopied in many places by the branches of Holm oa eppo
pine and other trees. In many places an exquisite green carpet of
thick moss covers these shaded walks—as good to walk upon as the
richest Persian carpet

BOLOGNA AND PAapbUA,.

Both these cities possess small botanic gardens of ancient founda-
HOR 5 that of Padua is said to be the oldest in Europe, dating back

o 1545. At Bologna the most remarkable tree in the garden is
‘Lijtanoibar orientalis, which we only know in England by a few
specimens under 20 ft. high. The tree at Bologna is Sprig J
90 to 100 ft. high, and its trunk at the base is over 5 f
beep ney slightly buttressed. It dominates the garden. There re

also admirable examples of Taxodium distichum, Celtis occi-

dentalie 60 to 70 ft. high, Gymnocladus canadensis 50 ft., Klaeagnus
orientalis 40 ft., Koelreuteria paniculata nearly as high, Paulownia
imperialis 50 ft., Pistacia Terebinthus 30 ft., and Vitex Agnus-castus
a rugged, picturesque, small tree 12 ft. in “height and width. The
fine development of all these ate indicates that they exist under a
more eager sun than ours. Yet we have our compensations. Aucuba
japonica, for instance, leads an pepyy career in a pot under glass,
and the numerous ericaceous and other = that give warmth
to our gardens in winter are not to be see

A still larger selection of fine trees is to be seen at Padua,
indeed I know of no spot so small in extent that contains such a
variety of finely developed individuals. The greatest diameter of
the garden does not exceed 250 yards, in places it is about 100
yards across, and a considerable part is given up to arrangements of
herbaceous plants and to glass houses. Many of the trees, accord-
ing to their labels, were planted in 1760, but one Oriental plane
‘dates from 1680. Its trunk is 29 ft. round a at the base, but through
internal decay is now a shell merely. mong American trees
_Liriodendron Tulipifera is 90 ft. high ; beck walnut has a trunk

294

smooth trunks. This tree must be one of the great features in
Italian gardens when in bloom later in the season. Magnolia con-
spicua is 40 ft. high ; Cephalotarus pedunculata 30 ft. ; and Hibiscus
syriacus only a few feet less in height. These are but a few of the
more noteworthy trees (there are for instance admirable examples
of Ginkgo and deciduous cypress) but they serve to show that this
charming old garden at Padua is well worth inspection. I think it
is a mistake in the management to allow so many trunks to be
covered with ivy. It is not that it does harm, that I believe only
happens when the ivy reaches the leafy part of the tree, but where
so unusual a number of trunks of exotic trees are to be seen in
characteristic beauty as at Padua, it is a pity to let them be hidden

TNS

The herbaceous garden is circular and surrounded by an ancient
wall entered by two fine gateways. The plants themselves are
arranged in a series of square compartments usually about. 3 ft.
across formed by stone edging, one plant or clump in each plot. In
-April the stone was much more in evidence than the plants.

ABBAZIA (IsTRIA).

This little town is situated on the E. coast of Istria at the. N. end
of the bay of Quarnero and may be reached in 45 minutes by

through and 5 ft. high: an extensive group of Beschorneria was

} editerranean resorts. The management appears to be alive to
the desirability of increasing the attractiveness of the gardens for
numerous small plants of new subtropical species had apparently

.

been recently obtained. Ophiopogon japonicum is used more or less

"295

Toe DauMaTIAN Coast.

Starting from Trieste on one of the various steamers by which
one may go as far south as Cattaro, rounding the peninsula of Istria
-and touching at various coast towns and islands on the Adriatic, I

had an opportunity of seeing the gardens at Trieste, Spalato,
Ragusa, Cattaro, Abbazia and Fiume, and occasionally of seeing
_the native vegetation as well.

On the whole the ornamental gardening of this part of Austria-
Hungary cannot be compared with that of the French and Italian
Riviera or that of Lake Maggiore, in the use of exotic trees and
shrubs. There is, however, enough to show that, given the will
and the means, the best gardens of the Mediterranean region might
be rivalled. It is, of course, chiefly a matter of money and skill.
At present comparatively few English people visit it, but efforts are, I
believe, to be made by the stéamship companies and others to bring
the beauties of this coast into greater prominence. In association
with these efforts it would pay the local authorities of the more
important towns to engage men trained in the Riviera to superintend
the public gardens and to introduce the plants which add so much

to natural attractions, even on the N. Mediterranean littoral.
' As showing the nature of the climate at Ragusa, for instance,
there may be mentioned a group of Washingtonia robusta 40 to 50 ft.
high, fine Oleanders, Pittosporum Tobira, Eucalyptus globulus, the
‘variegated Yucca aloifolia, Opuntias, Cycas revoluta, and the Loquat
‘fruiting freely. An interesting feature of the streets are old trees
of white mulberry with rugged trunks 2 ft. 6 in. in diameter. On
the cliffs about the town Agave americana appears to be naturalised :
its tall flower-stems, in various stages of development or decay,
standing out against the sky, form one of the most lasting mental
pictures the visitor carries away from Ragusa.

On the hills behind the town the landscape was enlivened with
the flowers of a shrubby broom-like plant—Calycotome infesta, a
close ally of Cytisus and Genista, bearing its yellow, pea-shaped

‘blossoms in great profusion. This shrub (too tender for our gardens)
is, as its specific name suggests, regarded as a pest more than any-
thing else in Dalmatia, its long, stiff, sharp spines impeding in many
places the progress of man and beast.

- At Gravosa (the port of Ragusa) one saw the Oriental plane in
something like its native splendour. Not far from the quay is an
immense tree with a trunk 6 ft. in diameter near the base, and clear

-of branches for 20 ft. up.

Close to Ragusa and within half an hour’s row is the Isle of
Lacroma, worth visiting for the sake of the rich native vegetation

that covers it and for the old gardens attached to the monastery of
San Marco—a 12th century foundation. The native plants make a
dense thicket all over the island, scarcely penetrable in many places.

296

.Most in evidence were Myrtle, Pistacia Lentiscus, Erica arborea,
Viburnum, Tinus, Juniperus drupacea, Phillyrea media, Andrachne
_Unedo, Cistuses, Lonicera Etrusca forming tangled masses, Spartiwm
junceum, etc. Taller trees were chiefly Quercus Ilex, Cupressus
sempervirens, Laurus nobilis, and the Aleppo Pine (Pinus halepensis).
The gardens round the monastery (once fitted up as a chateau.
and occupied by the: late Crown Prince of Austria) are now neg-
lected, but interesting for their old world air and for the untrammelled
grace and luxuriance of growth which only neglected gardens show.
‘On the abandoned terraces at the outskirts the native vegetation is
‘rapidly resuming its sway. The still cared for parts of the garden
‘consist chiefly of walled in enclosures, over the walls of which
‘yellow and white Banksian roses clamber in unrestrained profusion.
_ The plants growing in the borders were in keeping with the place :
-old oleanders and olives, Chamaerops humilis, hedges of rosemary
and box, peonies, oranges, very old carobs (Ceratonia Siliqua), and
such like. touch of modernity is given by an excellent specimen
of Acacia cultriformis, and the WN. Asiatic flora was represented by
numerous plants of Pittosporum Tobira, some 25 ft. high, and by
-beautiful specimens of Spiraea cantoniensis fl. pl., whose long arching
sprays were wreathed with pure white flowers.

A Day In MONTENEGRO.

tween the stones grow primulas, hepaticas, violas and other

ines. In sheltered hollows far from the road woods of pine
trees—probably some form of P. Laricio—are to be seen.

Most interesting of all are the small patches of cultivated ground
the Montenegrins have managed to obtain by clearing off the stones.
These patches are usually in hollows into which a scanty humus has
settled, and many of them are only 4 or 6 yards across—strange
little oases in a wilderness of stone. Judging by the old haulm,
potatoes appear to be a chief crop. I should imagine the country

etween the Austrian frontier and the outskirts of Cettinje to be
about as difficult to wrest a livelihood from as any in Europe. Onl
here and there does a meagre tree or patch of scrub relieve the
vast rugged expanse of rock. The poverty of the country is

297

indicated by the thatched hovels in which the people live, floored
ith mud and often shared by fowls and animals. But the people

At ps feats which stands on a “lis at soniething’ Ge over 2000 ft.”
surrounded by mountains, the land becomes more fertile. The
vegetation was about as far advanced as it was in England a month
previously ; ; that is to say, the buds of most things were only just
bursting, others had not stirred from their winter rest. The chie

SPALATO.

Returning northwards to Spalato I found a rather interesting
variety of trees planted in the streets: white mulberry with its
rugged trunks, the heads being pruned back annually. (leditschia
caspica, Broussonetia papyrifera quite abundant as a shapely small
tree on the road to Salona and laden with twisted catkins, Celtis
australis, always distinguishable by its neat rounded neads and
clean smooth trunks, and a few Melia Azedarach. The climate a
Spalato is probably not so favourable as that of Ragusa, but n
effort is made to beautify the place with the many delichtful plan
that might be used. The presence of vineyards, fine loquats heavily
in fruit, Cupressus sempervirens and enormous bay-laurels show that
a very large selection of trees and shrubs is available for use, but
the Stadt Park is largely filled with Norway maple, lime, plane and
Acer Negundo amongst deciduous things and among evergreens by
the eternal Luonymus japonicus (very mildewy), Biota orientalis, the
commonest and usually the only member of the Thuya group on this
coast, and Aleppo pine very luxuriant and forming large plumose
masses. Of more interest were Cephalotarus pedunculata 20 ft.
high and Ligustrum lucidum 35 ft. high and quite a tree. On the

road to Salona Christ’s Thorn (Paliurus Guaealay, is used as a
fed,

XXXIV.—COTTON.

The improvement of cotton by means of hybridisation has long
been the subject of numerous and careful experiments on the part of
the officers in charge of Botanic and Agricultural Stations in India,
Egypt and our Colonies. The subject, however, is attended with
difficulties of a very serious character which are mainly due to
uncertainty as to the types used for hybridisation, In most cases
pure races can only be detected or dig cmnuee: after years of laborious
work owing to the extent to w promiscuous hybridisation has
taken place, either by acci idenit or design, during long years of
cultivation. Another difficulty almost equally serious is that con-
nected with the supply of seeds from the Experimental Stations.

298

A good hybrid cotton may be raised as a first cross, and from the
seed distributed an excellent yield may be obtained. In those
countries where the ginning of the cotton is entirely in the hands of
the Government Departments concerned it is possible to arrange
that only good seed shall be issued from year to year in return for
the cotton sent in to the ginnery, and the deterioration in the
quality of the cotton, which is liable to occur with the continuous
cultivation of the offspring of hybrid plants, can thus be avoided.
Where, however, ginning is not centralised and the peasant pro-
prietor runs his own hand gin, or where the ginning is done by local
communities as obtains in India, N. Nigeria and elsewhere, the
difficulties in the way of attempting to improve the races of cotton
under cultivation may be well nigh insuperable. This side of the
problem is not the one which concerns us here at the present
moment ; the object of this note being to draw attention to a very
important series of experiments in cotton hybridisation on proper
scientific lines which is being carried. out by Mr. H. M. Leake,
Economic Botanist at the Agricultural College, Cawnpore, India.
A detailed account of these experiments has been published in the
“Journal of Genetics,” vol. i., p. 205 (Cambridge University
_ Press), but the following abstract account of Mr. Leake’s work is
taken from the “ Annual Report of the Board of Scientific Advice
for India” for the year 1910-11.

“ Several papers on this [the cotton] crop have appeared during the
year of which the most important are those of Leake relating to
the work on cotton breeding at the Cawnpore Experiment Station.
The cotton investigations in progress at this centre are concerned with
the production and the subsequent introduction into general cultivation
of an improved type suitable for the western cotton growing tracts
of the United Provinces. The papers published during the past

results likely to be obtained from these investigations chiefly
concern the Province concerned, nevertheless both the methods
adopted in the investigation and the ideas underlying the work are

much more general application and will be studied by all con-
cerned with the improvement of cotton in India.

recent Allahabad Exhibition and reprinted in the Agricultural

the first place the red flowered late Nurma cotton with long staple
has been crossed with the short stapled silky form of Bani found in

299

the United Provinces. In this cross the long staple and red flower.
of Nurma have been combined with the early flowering and silki-.
ness of fibre of the Banz. In the second case, the long staple and
red flower of Numa have been united to the high lint percentage
and earliness of white flowered Desi cotton. The reports on the
fibre of the new forms are very encouraging, and in one case the
sample was valued at Rs. 50 a candy more than fine Cawnpore

farm is being started near Aligarh from which it is hoped to
produce enough seed to sow one thousand three hundred acres in
one year producing five hundred bales (of four hundred pounds) of
otton. The cultivators growing the one thousand three hundred
acres of cotton will each year receive a fresh supply of seed from
the central farm while their crop will be separately ginned and the
seed distributed to a second series of cultivators controlling twenty
thousand acres of land under cotton. In this way it is hoped a
series of waves of cotton seed emanating from the seed farm will
be started which will in a short period establish the crop on a firm

asis.
“The student of plant breeding will find a detailed account of
the Cawnpore cotton experiments in the Journal of Genetics (vol. i.,
p- 205), while an abstract has appeared in the Proceedings of the
Royal Society, The inheritance of several of the characters of
cotton have been worked out in detail and especially the colour of the

have been observed, two of which are of great interest. The

-*One of the chief difficulties in the production of a new and
improved type of cotton and in the maintenance of the seed supply
arises from the fact that cottons readily cross-fertilize in India as
in other countries. During the preliminary breeding and selection
operations it is necessary to protect the flowers from foreign pollen,

300

and to work entirely with self-fertilized seed. This circunistance
adds greatly to the labour involved in the work, and also entails as
a preliminary the isolation of pure lines fide the mass of splitting
forms (which make up the bulk of the cotton crop of India) before
crossing can be begun. Further, an improved type will have to
grow separately, and every care taken to keep the seed supply pure
and to prevent any Ea realy taking place as a result of vicinism.
These aspects of the subject have been dealt with at Cawnpore
and the results incorporated in an interesting paper in the Memoirs
of the Agricultural Department of India (Botanical Series). During
the progress of this work it was observed, both in the pure types
and in the crosses, that some of the cultures carried on from year
to year by means = self-fertilized seed exhibited varying degrees
of sterility. These matters, however, were not for various reasons
thoroughly Notkiod out, but it is hoped ‘that opportunity will be found
to investigate them more fully in the future. As regards the method
by which crossing takes place between different types of cotton,
the authors consider that most of the crossing takes place between
neighbouring plants, and that a distance of ten feet between the
various plots is sufficient to greatly reduce, if not to prevent, it
altogether. If these observations are found to apply to other
cotton-growing tracts in India, one of the difficulties in endivbainivg
a pure seed supply for distribution to cultivators will have been
removed, It is now generally recognised that the degenera-
<— which results when improved conditions are introduced into

new country is largely a result of vicinism. The exotics, in
the first place, are often a mixture of types which cross among each
other, while further degeneration results from crossing and admix-
ture with local sorts. It is more than probable that the want of
success in introducing foreign cottons into India in the past has
been mainly due to natural cross-fertilization. It is possible, there-
fore, that if the work of introduction is properly carried on in the
future considerable success might easily be obtained in this direc-
tion,”

Attention may also here be called to the “ Papers and Reports on
Cotton Cultivation ” presented to ar poeta ene Congress of
Tropical Agriculture, Brussels, May, 19

XXXV.—MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.

Colonial Appointments.— We learn that Mr. S. Stmpson has been
appointed ype of Agriculture, Uganda, in succession to Mr.
P. H. Lams, who has been appointed Director of Agriculture,
Northern Recs,

also learn that Mr. F, Evans, Curator, Royal Botanic
Gardens, Trinidad (K.B., 1903, p. 31), has been appointed Assistant:
Superintendent in the Agricultural Department, Southern Nigeria.

Harry Dopp.—lIt is with great regret that we have to record’
the news of the death of Mr. H. Dodd, in India, on se 3rd,
conveyed to us through the India Office.

abnd aawf oF, |

fa
G

‘OO

EUrHORBIA MELOFORMIS.

ECHINOCGACTUS

ORNATUS,

‘SIGL ‘MenayIngG nay

Kew Bulletin, 1912.

Crcas MICHOLITZII.

To face page 301.)

* 301

In February, 1911, Mr. Dodd was appointed a probationer gar-
dener in India ; and, after spending some time at the Royal Botanic
Garden, Calcutta, was transferred to Delhi, where he died of enteric
fever on July 3rd.

Euphorbia meloformis, Ait.—This is one of the most remarkable
e

Echinocactus ornatus from Mexico, that a non-botanist would pro-
bably never suppose that they belonged to two totally different
Natural Orders.

There are two species in cultivation under the name of EF. melo-
formis, but the specimen here figured is the true plant of Aiton,
and was originally introduced into this country by Masson in 1774.
It is a native of the region extending from the districts of Uitenhage
and Port Elizabeth to that of Albany, in South Africa. The

Cycas Micholitzii—The history of this remarkable Cycad has
been given in Kew Bulletin, 1910, p. 163, and in the Bot. Mag.,
t. 8242, where the male plant is the subject of an excellent figure.
A considerable number of plants of this species were imported b
Messrs. Sander, but with the exception of the female plant depicted
on the right side of the accompanying illustration, all have so far
proved to be male. This plant first coned in the winter of 1910,
and has continued to do so annually since. The male plant matures
its cones somewhat earlier than does the female plant. An effort
to obtain seeds was made in 1910; pollen was saved and the ovules
were dusted periodically. A number of ovules swelled up to over
an inch in diameter and were allowed to mature, but on examination

24677 : D

302

leaves, the longest of which are about six inches, and some two to
three inches broad, and bearing from one to four deep green ovules ;
these are now about one-third of an inch in diameter, and occasion-
ally swell up to about an inch, changing to dull yellow when
mature. The scale leaves are comparatively few in number, two to
three inches in length, reddish-brown in colour, and, unlike those of
the majority of Cyads, are completely deciduous. The stem is
naked except in the upper few inches, dull pinkish-red in colour,
tapering from below upwards, and more or less gouty.
: Cc. P. R.

A. marmorata appears to be most closely allied to A. Willdingii,
Tod. ‘The flowers are small and bright yellow, so that it cannot be
placed in Baker’s group Americanae.

The form of Erica ciliaris, which is the subject of the plate, is
one which is found in Portugal, where also the more commonly
known form—native in Dorset, Cornwall and Galway—is also found
This form was first noticed by Mr. G. Ward in Portugal in 1872.
It has a more compact habit of growth, and its flowers are not
secund as in /, ciliaris proper. It was re-introduced in 1882 by
Mr. Backhouse as ZH. Maweana. The plant thrives at Kew, and
makes a bright display of colour from July to October.

_ Sturax Wilsonii is a compact shrub most nearly related to S.
japonicum, but about half the size of that plant in all its parts. The
plant figured was raised from seeds presented to Kew by the
Arnold Arboretum and collected by Mr. Wilson in China in 1908.
The shrub flowered when only seventeen months old, and it is as, yet
uncertain whether it is quite hardy at Kew.

The Cotyledon is a remarkably handsome species, a native of
Mexico, for the plant of which we are indebted to the authorities
of the Natural History Museum at Washington. C. subrigida was

303

Pseuderanthemum lilacinum, a native of Selangor, was received
at Kew in®1909 from Mr. H. N.. Ridley under the sy Eranthemum
Leijsmanii. The plant is, no doubt, closely related to E. Tetjsmanii,
described by Clark in the materials for a Flora of the Malayan
Peninsula (P. Teijsmanii, Stapf.), but it differs especially in being
an erect shrub some three feet in height. It is a very suitable
subject for a Tropical House.

Flora Capensis.—The issue of the concluding part of the first
section of Vol. V. of this work, edited by Sir W. T. Thiselton-
yer, has now to be recorded. The section includes 747 pages,
and has appeared in four parts, the dates of publication of which
have been as follows :—
Part I., pp. 1-224, was published June, 1901.
Part II., pp. 225-448, was published May, 1910.
Part IIIL., pp. 449-640, was published January, 1912.
Part IV., pp. 664-end, was published June, 1912.

The orders dealt with are the remaining Bicarpellatae—
Acanthaceae—Plantagineae and Monochlamydeae—N yctagineae
—Proteaceae.

The Editor’s Preface, in which the history of the production of
this important volume has been given in detail, is reproduced

wi—

* On’ the completion of Volume VII. the preparation of
Volume IV. was taken up. Professor Francis Gurarie and
Dr. Botus undertook in South Africa the elaboration of Ericacee.
Meanwhile, with the aid of contributors whom I was able to enlist
at home, a commencement was made with the present volume, and
the first part was published as long ago as 1901. Unhappily the
death of Professor GUTHRIE in 1899 and the failing health of
Dr. Boxus left their contribution unfinished, and it had to be
continued and completed at Kew. It became impracticable to
make any further progress with Volume V. till the two sections of
the preceding one had been disposed of.

“Tn a vast undertaking like the present, the progress of which
is necessarily protracted, it is the inevitable but melancholy task of
the Editor to record the loss from time to time of those whose
generous assistance and co-operation have made its ultimate
accomplishment possible. That it should be so must be his justifi-
cation for the somewhat erratic mode of publication which he has
felt obliged to adopt. Particular orders have been as far as possible
entrusted to those who had made them a special stady.
waited to invoke their aid in following a continnous sequence, that
aid would in at least two cases have been unavailable and with
difficulty replaced.

“CHarRLes Baron CiarKke, M.A., F.R.S., died 25th August,
1906; he elaborated Commelinacee (1897), Cyperacee (1898), and
Acanthacee (1891) in the present volume. (Obituary’ notice and
bibliography, Kew Bulletin, 1906, pp. 271-281.) MaxWELL
Tytpen Masters, M.D., F.R.S., died 30th May, 1907; he

304

worked out Restiacee for the Flora in 1897. (Obituary notice and
bibliography, Kew Bulletin, 1907, pp. 325-334.) Dr. THEopoRE

ooKkg, C.1L.E., F.L.S., on the completion in 1908 of his Bombay
Flora on which he had been engaged for ten years, volunteered
his aid for the Flora Capensis. He rendered great service by
filling up many gaps in the present section undisposed of at the
moment. I had hoped to receive from him more extended contribu-
tions, but while occupied on Amarantacee he was seized with illness
which terminated fatally on 5th November, 1910. (Obituary notice,
Kew Bulletin, 1910, pp. 350-352.) The death of Harry Bo.us,
D.Se., F.L.S., in England on 25th May, 1911 (obituary notice,
Kew Bulletin, 1911, pp. 275-277), is something more than the loss
of a contributor of specialized accomplishments. In his knowledge
of the South African flora it may be said with confidence that Dr.
Bouus had no living rival. I cannot do better than quote a few
words from Professor PEarson’s penetrating appreciation of his
work and character (Kew Bulletin, 1911, pp. 319-322) :—‘ By
common consent Dr. BoLus occupied a unique and honoured place
amongst botanical workers in South Africa. His death removes
one of the most strikiug figures from the ranks of her scientific
men, and leaves a vacancy which no man can fill. In the annals of
South African Botany his name and his record will be written in
large characters.’ Dr. BoLus took more than a keen interest in
the progress of this work. As has been acknowledged in previous
prefaces, Kew has received from him a continuous stream of
fresh and novel material. Nor can it be doubted that his position
and af aS in South Africa weighed with the Legislature of

to it his herbarium and library and a considerable portion of his
fortune.

“ From Volume IV. onwards the area comprised in the Flora has
been extended to the Tropic. In many cf the regions so included
material is sfnty or wholly wanting. It is therefore with no small
satisfaction that I am able to record that the Percy SLADEN
Memorial Expedition (assisted by a grant from the Royal Society
of London) worked between Ceres Road in Cape Colony and
Liideritzbucht in Great N amaqualand in the summer of 1908-9,

‘and a second expedition under the same auspices, between Eende-
kuil in Cape Colony and Sendling’s (or Bethany) Drift in the
range River in the summer of 1910-11. The summer flora of the

he The Natal Government has made no contiibdtion to the work
since 1907. On the other hand, that of the Transvaal has given

more substantial one, which it is hoped will provide sufficiently for
the completion of the work.

305

“In the present section I have been again fortunate in securing
the aid of contributors who, in many cases, were able to bring to
bear the advantage of previous study on the groups they under-
took. Amongst these are Mr. C. B. CLarxkn, F.R.S., who worked
out Acanthacee, and Mr. R. A. Rouirg, A.L.S., Selaginee. I
have had the further advantage of the continued co-operation of
South African botanists. Professor Pearson has contributed
Verbenacee, and I am indebted to the Trustees of the South African
Museum for granting leave of absence to Mr. E. P. Paiures,
one of their staff, to come to Kew to work out Proteacee, an order
with which he had obtained a first-hand acquaintance in the field.
The expiration of Mr. Puituips’s leave left his task in some
respects incomplete, and I am indebted to Dr. Srapr, F.R.S.
Keeper of the Herbarium, and to Mr. Joun Hutcuinson, Assistant
for Tropical Africa, for supplementing what was needed to Mr.
PHILLIPs’s work. The laborious task of elaborating Labiate was
undertaken simultaneously by Messrs. Brown and SKAN, and by

r. COOKE,

“I continue to be indebted for invaluable aid to Mr. C. H.
Wrient, A.L.S., and to Mr. N. E. Brown, A.L.S., Assistant

Keepers of the Herbarium, the former in reading the proofs and |

in other ways, the latter for working out the localities and dis-
tribution.

“For the limits of the regions under which the localities are
cited in which the species have been found to occur, reference may
be made to the Preface to Volume VI.

“ Besides the maps already cited in the Prefaces to Volumes VI.
and VII., the following have also been used :—

‘* Map of the Colony of the Cape of Good Hope and neighbouring
territories, Compiled from the best available information. By

OHN TEeMPLER Horne, Surveyor-General, 1895.

‘ Stanford’s new Map of the Orange Free State and the southern
part of the South African Republic, etc., 1899.

“Carte du Théatre de la Guerre Sud-Africaine. Par le Colonel
CAMAILLE FavrE, 1902

“'T'o many of the South African correspondents of Kew enume-
rated in previously published volumes I have again to tender my
acknowledgments for the contribution of specimens in aid of the
work to the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens.

“| must further record my obligations to some new contributors,
and to those whose kind assistance in various ways has been of the
greatest value in the preparation of this section of Volume V.

‘Prof. G. Brcx, Ritter von Mannagetta und Lerchenau,
University of Prague. Loan of Proteaceae, _

“Harry Boxvs, Esq., D.Sc., F.L.S., contributed many speci-
mens, and lent portions of his Herbarium.

“J. Burrr Davy, Esq., F.L.S. Plants from the Transvaal.

“ Prof. H. H. Dixon, F.R.S., Trinity College, Dublin. Loan
of the Labiate in Harvey’s Herbarium,

. Dimmer, Esq. Plants from Namaqualand and Cape
Division. :

© Prof, J. ErcuxLer, Curator of the Botanic Department, K.
Naturalienkabinet at Stuttgart. Loan of Protacee.

306

“ Geheimrath Dr. A. Eneumr, Director of the chant Garden
and Museum, Dahlem. Loan of Selaginee and Protea

Sere Cae LAHAULT, Director of the Institute "oF Botany,
University Se Montpellier. Pree of Basutoland Plants.

wees ALPIN, Esq., F.L.S8., Queenstown, Cape Colony. Large
collections of South African plants and loan of portions of his
private Herbarium.

“Dr. H. O, JuE Director of the Botanic Garden, Upsala.
Loan of portions of athens re’s Herbarium

“ Prof. C. A. M. Linpman, Curator of the Botanic Department
of the oats History Museum, Stockholm. Loan of Proteacee.

“Dr. J. Mu Specimens from the Riversdale District.

“Dr. L. PiérinevueEy, Director of the South African Museum,
Cape Town. Various duplicates and loan of specimens from the
South African Museum.

on P. Puiuiires, Esq., M.A. Pail ceson of Proteacee and
others.

“Mrs. R. Porr (formerly Miss R. LEENDERTZ). Plants from
Transvaal.

“Prof. Hans Scntnz, Director of the University Botanic
Garden and Museum, Ziir - Large collections of South African
plants and loan of specim

r. S. SCHONLAND, Ciieatos of the Albany Museum, Grahams-
fone. Gonitsibuaiiie and loan of specimens of Proteacee and
others,

“Prof. E. WARMING, late Director of the Botanic Garden,
Cope teens ai a agin

tie L.S., Director of the Botanic
Garden, Duchan. Slactive of Natal plants and loan of speci-

“ it. as wa Neen SRE Keeper of the Botanic Department
of oe Hofmuseum, Vien Loan of Labiate and Proteacee.

“I must allow ale more re personally to ore my indebtedness
to Lieut.-Colonel Pratiy, C.M.G., C.LE., F.R.S., Director of the
Royal Botanic Gardens, for kind and unfailing assistance in man ny
ways, without which the task of editing a work of this kind at

a distance from the resources of Kew could hardly be accom-
ishe

“It has been the practice, at any rate in the more recent works
that have emanated from Kew, to conform tu the classification and
sequence of orders adopted in BenrnHam and Hooker’s Genera
Plantarum. This work was not available to Professor HaRvEY
when he commenced the Flora Capensis, and he appears to have
based himself on the Prodromus of AucusTin PyRramus DE

Genera Plantarum has been followed. There is in consequence
an inconsistency between the earlier and latter portions of the work
in regard to the delimitation of the sub-classes adopted, which,
although of little practical importance, inasmuch as it scarcely
affects the sequence of the orders, it is desirable to clear u ow
this arises will be apparent from the statement with which rofessor
HARVEY commences the preface to his third volume: ‘This .

contains the orders of CaLycrrior# with a monopetalous corolla

307

and an inferior ovary. The fourth volume will, it

hoped, include the Heaths (Ericee) and all the Monopetale with

superior ovaries, z.c., the COROLLIFLOR# proper. BENTHAM
and Hooker in the Genera Plantarum have adopted the sub-class

GAMOPETAL&Z from Endlicher, who had established it in 1836

to include all orders with a monopetalous corolla, is arrange-

ment has been followed in the present work from Volume
onwards, The removal of monopetalous orders from Calyciflore
does not, however, affect the sequence in which they are dealt with.

But in order to make the classification consistent throughout, it is

necessary in the first place to substitute the following new definitions

is sub-classes 1-3 for those given by Professor Harvey in Vol.

XX Xl.’

3 Sub-class I.—Twanamirtorm. Ord. I.-XLI. (Vol: Ty
pp. 1-449). Calyx and ashi Jeet eO present. Petals
separate, inserted, as are or he stamens, on the receptacle
(i.e., hypogynous). Ovary free.

“ Sub-class 1,—Cax a a Ord. XLII.-LXX. (Vol. I

pp. 450-528; Vol. IL., pp. 1-572). Calyx and Corolla

hat erally) present. Petals separate. Stamens inserted on

he calyx (perigynous) or on the ovary (epig pe Pied free

or more or less adnate to the calyx-tube. Balano-

phoree (Vol. IL., p. 572), and Lexi. Tarenthacea
(Vol. IL., p. 574) are,transferred to MonocHLAM

“ Sub-class 111.—GamorrtaLs®. Ord. LUX XIII. "CVL (Vols. 1 3
IV., and V.. sect. 1, pp. 1-392). Calyx and Corolla both
ahaicse Petals united in a gamopetalous corolla, Stamens
inserted upon the corolla. Ovary free or more or less adnate
to the calyx-tube.

“In the second place, t he ‘Sequence of Orders’ in Vol. IIL,
p- ix., must be remodelled as below; the definitions of the orders
themselves are unaffected.

“ Sub-class II.—Gamorrtata, Ord, LX XIIL-LXXVIL.
“ Series _—Inrer®. Ord. LX XIIIL-LXXVII. Ovary inferior.
* mappa Stamens epipetalous. Ovary 2-0o-c elled,

cell 1
ei LXXIIL. RUBIACEE (page 1).
5 Vonons® ii ASTERALES. Stamenepipetalous. Ovary 1-celled,

vuled,
on LXXIV, VALERIANEA (page 39).
“LXXV. DIPSACEZ (page 4
“LXXVI. COMPOSIT & (page 4.
“ Conorr iii—_CAMPANALES. Stamens usually epigynous and free
from the corolla.

“LXVIL CAMPANULACEZ (page 530).”
Wircomss, 6th May, 1912.

Makruss or Zimbiti._-This interesting tree, described in this work
for the first time in December, 1908 (K.B., 1908, p. 439), as
Androstachys Johnsonii, was almost simultaneously adgecibed and
figured by Mr. T. R. Sim (Forest Flora and Forest Resources ot
Portuguese East Africa, p. 66, t. 614), in January, 1909, A fuller
account of the tree was published in June, 1909 (K.B., 1909,

308

p. 201), without it being possible to refer to Mr. Sim’s account, a
copy of which, through the courtesy of the author and his publishers,
was presented to the Library at Kew on 12th August, 1909.

More recently we have been indebted to the courtesy of Mr. ‘J.
Burtt Davy for the communication of specimens of the same species
from the Lebombo Mountains, whence also came those dealt with
by Mr. Sim. In describing and figuring the tree, which he was
compelled to do without either flowers or fruits, Mr. Sim, depend-
ing upon the character of the stipules, placed the species in the
natural family Rhizophoreae, and referred it doubtfully to the genus
Weihea as W.? subpeltata. By Mr. Burtt Davy it was in the field
referred correctly to Androstachys Johnsonii, Prain. Mr. Sim had
specimens sent from Mozambique in connection with an application
by the Railway Department as to its utilisation for sleepers ;
he collected it himself in dense pure thickets in kloofs on the
Lebombo Mountains, where its timber is well known. Mr. Burtt
Davy’s specimens are also from kloofs of the Eastern Lebombo
Mountains, where “ the tree is gregarious, forming dense thickets.”
Mr. Sim states that he was informed by English, Dutch, Kaffir and
Swazi alike, “that bees nesting in this tree made poisonous honey.”
He found the trees always with fine clean straight stems, but was
informed that very large specimens are usually hollow. Mr. Burtt
Davy speaks of the timber as apparently practically indestructible.

The vernacular names given by Mr. Sim are :—(1) “ Umbitzan,”
in the Tronga language spoken at and near Lourenco Marques ; of
this name the word “ Zimbiti,” sent by Mr. W. H. Johnson from
Beira, seems a variant. (2) “ Mocurusse,” in the Swahili language,
the name originally communicated by Mr. Consul O’Neill from
Mosembe as “ Makruss” in 1883; and (3) “ Bekungu,” in the
Swazi language as used on the Lebombo Range. In a letter dated
17th April, 1912, forwarding his Lebombo specimens, Mr. Burtt
Davy uses the name “um Koobookooboo”; but in a subsequent
letter dated 10th June, 1912, the same correspondent uses the
modified form “ Ubu-Koonkoo,” which more clearly approaches the
form from the same general locality employed by Mr. Sim. -

Federated Malay States.—An interesting guide to the Federated
Malay States, edited by Mr. C. W. Harrison, of the Malay Civil
Service, has recently been published by the Malay States Informa-
tion Agency. The book is well illustrated, both by colour repro-
ductions and photographs, and contains an excellent map.

mong other items the Malay Peninsula from north to south
is described, especially in relation to the railway line from Penang
to. Singapore. There are also useful notes for travellers, con-
taining accounts of the various peoples of the peninsula and their
habits, customs, etc., and much practical information on all subjects
likely to be needed by the visitor.
_ Big game shooting occupies another chapter, and there is a very
interesting account of the museums at Taiping and Kuala Lumpur,
i ich the collections are referred to in some detail.

A list of Rest Houses, Tables of Distances, and other useful
ae concludes the volume, which is supplied with a good
index.

[Crown Copyright Reserved.]

ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW.

BULLETIN

OF

MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.

No. 7.1 (1912,

XXXVI—ELEPHANT GRASS,
A New Fopprer Prant.
. (Pennisetum purpureum, Schum.)
O. STaPr,

In the “ Rhodesian Agricultural Journal” for June, 1910 (vol. vii.,
p. 1398), a new fodder grass was described as Zinyamunga or
Napier’s fodder. It was referred to Pennisetum, and compared
especially with P, spicatum (P. typhoideum), the well known pearl
millet, Last autumn specimens of the grass were received at Kew,
and later a chemical analysis of the stalks and leaves was sent by
Mr. H. Godfrey Mundy, Agriculturist and Botanist of the
Department of Agriculture, Salisbury, Rhodesia,
_ The grass was easily identified as Pennisetum purpureum, Schum,
‘(P. Benthamii, Steud.), a species of very wide range in Tropical
Africa ; but, common as it is, very little is known about its life
history and uses, and even its limits as a species and its differentiation
into varieties is not settled. It will therefore be useful to gather in
a brief account all that is at present ascertainable about the grass.

Definition of the Species —A tall perennial grass with a ereeping

(25633—6a.) We, 189-808, 1125, 912. D&S,

310

airy above, particularly towards the base which sometimes

one usually very much longer (1°2-2 or exceptionally to 4 cm.
long), scabrid, one or several of the innermost and longest
sparingly plumose towards the base, rarely all naked, often dark
yellow, brownish or purplish towards the tips or blackish-purple
from the base. Spikelets sessile or if in fascicles of 2-4, the lateral
pedicelled, all lanceolate, more or less acuminate, 5-7 mm. long,
glabrous, straw-coloured or tinged with brown or purple towards
the tips of the florets, rarely blackish-purple all over, ¢ or, if
fascicled, the lateral 3, rarely neuter or all ¢. Lower glume sup-
pressed or quite rudimentary, upper ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acute,
0°5-1 (rarely to 2) mm. long, subhyaline, l-nerved or nerveless.
Lower floret 3 or more often barren; valve lanceolate, acute or
acuminate, half as long to almost as long as the upper floret, more
or less distinctly 3-nerved, rarely 1- or 5-, or even 7-nerved ;
es linear-lanceolate, 2-nerved, shorter than the valve or in the

nerves m ess prominent towards the tips ; ea narrow,
linear-lanceolate, slightly shorter than the valve, tips minutely
2 - toot odicules 0. Anthers 25-3 mm. long, tips very

311

south-east. But perfectly glabrous nodes—glabrous from the
ee ae es gr

are two or more spikelets in a fascicle, the tendency is towards a
reduction of the sexual organs in the outer spikelets, so that their
upper floret becomes male and the lower neuter or, in extreme cases,
both are neuter, This reduction may or may not be accompanied
by a slight increase in length and nervation of the valve of the
lower floret and sometimes also of the upper glume. Those fluctua-
tions are generally found within the same inflorescence, the lower

Considering the instability of all these characters it is clear that
the discrimination of subordinate groups other than sports or
mutations within P, purpureum in so far as it is based on them
must result in the production of artificial divisions and can serve no
useful purpose, I refrain therefore from subdividing the species or
taking up Hackel’s varieties sambesiense, nudum and ternatum,” an
even doubt whether Leeke’s species P. flavicomum, P. pruinosum
and P, pallescenst can be maintained, as all the distinctive characters
which he adduces seem to come within the limits of fluctuation just
described. Unfortunately Leeke omitted to quote the specimens
on which he bases his species, nor does he give any indication of
their habitats except in the most general terms, as Hast Africa or
Togo ; but so far as they go, the species cited occur entirely within
the area of P. purpureum.

* In Schinz, Plantae Menyharthyanae in Denkschr. Ak. Wiss. Wien,
1. Ixxviii, p. 400.
vy Leeke, Abstamm. u. Heimat. d. Negethirse, pp. 45-47.

25633 A 2

312

As to the name P. purpureum, this was given by Schumacher to
a planit collected by Thonning on the Gold Coast in the latter part
of the 18th century. A specimen from the same collector and

there being already a P. macrostachyum by Brongniart, was renamed

- Distribution. The area of P. purpureum lies between 10° N. Lat.
and 20° 8S. Lat. The northern limit runs from Sierra Leone through
the great equatorial forest belt to the Cameroons and the basin of
the Ubangi, then to the Nile (at 3° N. Lat.), Lake Victoria and
German East Africa, where it reaches the coast in about 5° S. La
In the south ihe area is bounded by a line extending from Loanda in
about 9° S, Lat. through Angola to Katanga and then across the
Middle Zambesi to Eastern Rhodesia, whence in about 20° S. Lat.
it strikes eastwards as far as Beira. Within this immense area it
occurs mainly along watercourses and in marshy depressions, but
also enters the bush and forest where open spaces afford sufficient
light. Under favourable conditions it forms extensive reed jungles,
as for instance in the delta of the Zambesi and along the Shire.
Even in forests it is locally “only too common,” as Welwitsch
puts it, In the interior of Sierra Leone it ascends nearly to
900 m., and near its southern limit in the Melsetter district of
Rhodesia to 1800 m., whilst in the Cameroons it is said to reach
even the upper limit of woods, It is in rich marshland where it
attains to a height of 7 m. and even more, whilst on drier soil, as in
the savannas of Hast Africa, its culms are hardly more than 2m,
high, It also appears occasionally on abandoned cultivated land
and has, in a few cases, been observed in a state of cultivation,**
Vernacular names.

_ Vernae' It is not surprising that a grass of so wide a
distribution and striki

ng appearance should have special names in

In Peters, Reise nach Mossamb. vol. vi (1864), p. 552.
K. Schumann in Engl., Pflanzenw. Ost Afrne. C. (1895) 105,
** Kaiser, Acc. to Just’s Jahresber. 1898, yol.i,p,561,

313
many of the native dialects of Africa. aie following is a list,
compiled from publications and saa wie
Togo: Ada; ‘ Elephanten grass’ of panes aslo:

Southern Nigeria: Esun funfun (Dodd); Esun (Millen) ; Esu:
pupu (MacGrego e }

osongo, Libwakenike (De Giorgi). Territory of Rusisi Kivu:
Matete eh ee Ss De Wildeman); Baraka: Mabingobingo
).

: Mariango, Marianga, Marianko (Welwitsch, Buchner
Penge), Mditings (Welwitsch), Malenge-lenge, Malanga (quoted
by Leeke).
Usand, Madi: Maweengo-weengo (Grant),
Usambara : Mbuhu, N ae (Holst).
Rhodesia, Gutu: Zinyamunga (2 & marabagunda,* dumba-
munga (Napier), miraba ihe (Mundy).

Uses. Of the stems of the grass Grantt reports :—* The tall
fences surrounding the residences of the Waganda King and people
are of this useful reed ; the interiors of all Waganda houses are
walled into compartments by it. A strip from it is so sharp that it’
is used for cutting up meat, 6 also cutting into fragments the
victims of the King of Ugand

The first mention of P. purpureum as a fodder grass is in Schinz,
Plantae oe (1905), where the grass is stated to be
good fodder for cattle. The note refers to an observation by
Menyharth, a Has arian missionary who from 1889 = Sie “4
about 1894 collected in the neighbourhood of Boruma, n
the Zambesi in the Eastern part of North-west Rhodedia.” ‘A remark
to the same effect, “ Species bovibus
by Leeke§ (1907) rests on the authority of Herr Deistel, Govern-
' ment Gardener in the Cameroons, and Pilger in Engler, "Pflanzen-
welt Afrika | (1908) describes it as one of the best fodder see

* M’ramba munga in the report, reproduced on p. 315
+ Quoted by gin, in Bot. Speke & Grant Exped. in Trans. Linn. S0.,
vol.
° tn Bebiac. = Wiss. Wien, vol. Ixxviii, p. 400.
. u. Heimat. d. Nege rhirse, ee 48,
In Teele. Phanstawelt Africas, vol. ii, p. 145.
| ia Feet Agric Journ. vol. vii, p. t
**® See Rendle in Journ. Linn. Soc. vol. xl, p. 231,

314

it grows in the Melsetter district, about 80 miles south-west of
Gutu. Col. Napier has experimented with it, and a short account
of his experiences, including a chemical analysis of the grass by the
Chemist of the Rhodesian Agricultural Department, was published
in the Rhodesian Agricultural Journal for 1909-1910, from which
the following paragraphs are taken :—

(p. 1398.) “ Like Pearl Millet it is reported to be an extremely
good drought resister. (p. 1399.) Col. Napier and Mr. Kenny
both state that it remains green on dry land Jate into the autumn
and withstands frost to a remarkable degree. Col. Napier has
tested it under most severe conditions and is firmly convinced of its
economic value. He has now several acres planted on vlei ground
on the Central Estates, and is hopeful that in spite of frost it will
afford green feed late into the winter. Both cattle and horses eat
it readily.*

“ Like sugar cane the plant may be propagated either by sub-
division of the roots or from cuttings or slips. It roots freely and
is reported to grow rapidly after each cutting, thereby enhancing
its value as a soiling crop. It seems probable therefore that in
Napier’s fodder we have found a hardy perennial plant of con-
seerelie value for winter feed and suitable for planting on light

ry soil.

“Chemical Analysis—The Agricultural Chemist of this Depart-
ment has made the following analysis of a mature stalk of Napier’s
fodder which arrived at the laboratories in a partially dried con-
dition, showing that it is comparable in feeding value to maize
stalk roughage :—

Per cent.
Wher... oo “i ee aaa ps. 66°33
Ether extract ... < os oS a 0°84
Protein .. is a 38 oes ey 10

(Total nitrogen converted to equivalent in protein.)

_ Carbohydrates ... os rp Ws cas a6 1°16
Bie 15°66
3°71
100°00

Ether extract with chlorophyll removed therefrom ... 0°57
True protein... see Gia i cot ove

Since then another analysis was made from material grown on
the Botanical Experiment Station,f Salisbury ; and this together
with an analysis of sugar cane from the same station is reproduced
below, with the permission of the Agricultural Department, Salis-
bury, Rhodesia.

* Col. Napier has formed so high an opinion of this crop that it is certain!
worth a trial in other parts of Southern Bodies, and cats his Aedecnteaeed
this Department is able to offer a limited number of roots £ o.r. Gwelo, under
the usual terms of co-operative experiments.

+ Communicated to Kew in December, 1911.

315

“ Composition of Sugar Cane Fodder (Saccharum officinarum) and
invamunga M’ramba munga or Napier’s fodder
Setaria sp. or Pennisetum ig ? B crusot on the Botanical
Experiment Station, Salisbury

Particulars of Planting, &e.

Sample for Analysis.
Length of | Length of
Time Planted. | Collected. Stalk Leaf
in Feet. | in Feet.
Sugar cane Jan., 1910...) July, 1911... 2 4
Zinyamunga March, 1910...) ,, ’ 8 2
The fodder had not been cut since planting.
Analysis.
Sugar Cane Zinyamunga
Fodder. Fodder.
Per cent. Per cent.
Water . “ 73°63 61°81
Ether extra ct . “ 0°
Protein Grats X6 625) owe “ ie 44 2:92
ace a i cas re 17°73 17°29
Re e én ie ee 5‘32 14:77
. . . 1:83 2

“The amount of juice expressed from Piped stalks by passage
between the steel rollers of an ordinary flattening mill used for rolling
out metals was in each case as follows :—

Sugar Cane Zinyamunga
ets: Stalks. Stalks.
Per cent. Per cent.
Juice expressed... ei ese ve 56°6 213

Sf
fortunately supplemented by Dr. F’. Zeller,* of Victo
who considers the rotting grass as well as its ash a . eeey vaashis
manure ; and this may actually be the meaning of the statement of

* Tropenpfl., vol. xv. (1911), p. 357.

’

316

the Gutu natives that they plant it “ to make the other crops grow.”
According to him 100 kilogr. of dried grass with a water content of
10 per cent. contain— ;
1°3 kilogr. N corresponding to 6°5 kilogr. sulphate of ammonia.
$08 KO _ » 40 ,, chloride of potassium.
O08: 5 PU, i , 1°94, superphosphate.

OS ge: Dl

The best method of propagating the grass is probably by dividing
the clumps or from cuttings. No mature seeds have come to hand
so far. Searching the ample material of P. purpureum at Kew I
came across one grain only, and this was not quite mature. Whether
this means that the grass actually seeds rarely, or whether it may
be that the grains escaped the collectors owing to the extreme
readiness with which the spikelets with their involucres detach
themselves, I am unable to say. ; "

XXXVII—ACCESSION OF TROPICAL AFRICAN
PLANTS FROM 1907-1912.

the
last 54 years (from January Ist, 1907, to July 1st, 1912), haa been
drawn up by the Assistant for Africa.

The total number of specimens in these collections, excluding
duplicates, is 22,286, of which 16,434 were presented and 5852
purchased. This is an increase of 7659 compared. with the number
received during the previous seven years (cf. K.B. 1907, p. 237).
About 18,000 were received for determination, and each collection,
except in a few cases, was dealt with on arrival, More than three-
fourths of the specimens received have been named and mounted
and have been incorporated or are ready for incorporation in the
general herbarium.

Comparatively little has been published on these collections.
Those oo which belong to the families published in the parts
of the Flora of Tropical Africa issued during the same period
have as usual been recorded in that work. Many new species which
have been worked out have been described in various numbers of
the Kew Bulletin, and the following papers have been published
in the same wor = rees of the North-eastern Transvaal, by
C. E. Legat (K.B. 1910, pp. 49-55); Notes on the Botanical
Resources of Yola Province, Northern Nigeria, by Dr. J. M.
Dalziel (K.B. 1910, pp. 133-142). The latter paper contains
descriptions of three new species. ;

Allen, C. BE. F.: Rhodesia, 242 i
Cath te WA rey specimens (unnamed), partly collected

Anderson, J.: Gold Coast, 58 specimens (unnamed), |
Appleton, Lt.-Col. A. F.: Rhodesia and Portuguese East Africa,
65 specimens, mostly Gramineae and Cyperaceae (unnamed).

Barraud, Miss: British East Africa and Pemba Island, 30 specimens
(unnamed), :

317

Battiscombe, E. : British East Africa ; Tana River and other locali-
ties, 304 tempos (unnamed); some communicated by Mr.
D. E. Hutchins.

Bolus, Mrs. F., see KOLBE. ~

Brand, E.: British East Africa, 17 specimens fucken

Breat, R. W.: Gold Coast, 12 specimens (unnamed).

Broun, A. F., and Mrs.: Eastern Sudan, 468 specimens (partly
named).

Brown, E.: Uganda, 27 specimens (unnamed).

Burtt-Davy,.J.: see Lecat.

gee ook Dr. A.: Upper Guinea (chiefly itt territory) and
ongo, about 1600 specimens (partly named),

Chipp, T. - : Gold Coast, 130 specimens tdlingtuistie

aie N. ea) British East Africa (mostly), about 70 specimens

Colville, i 0.: Nyasaland and North-east Rhodesia, 16 specimens
ter-colour drawings (unnamed); British Hast Africa ;
yamine Mts., 20 specimens (unname ed).
wea aorh Set H. E. 8., C.M.G.: Somaliland, 1 specimen of Cor-
dea

Craster, aK Wh: Rhodesia ; Salisbury, 80 Gramineae (onmtarned):

Dalziel, Dr. J. = — thern Nigeria, various provinces, 1017 spe-
cimens (unnamed) ; transmitted by the Government of Northern
Nigeria paar the Imperial Institute

Davy, E. W.: Nyasaland, specimens and sens of eA ible fale
communicated by the Editor of the Gardeners’ Chroni

Dawe, M.T.: Uganda, 100 specimens (unnamed) ; fee: East
Africa and Siah-anat Rhodesia, 222 specimens (unnam d

Dennett, R. E.: Lagos, 24 specimens (unnamed) ; Southern Sagetis,
50. specimens (unnamed),

De Wildeman, Dr. E.: fragments of Loranthaceae, etc.; see also

Dodd, H.: Lagos, 31 specimens (unnamed) ; communicated foe C.
Me Leod, “Assistant Conservator of Forests, 8. Nigeri
hee os) ame, Dr. R. E.: British Somaliland, 492 specimens (un-
; Southern Abyssinia, 276 specimens (unnamed) ;
scpieatnicatel by the Colonial Office
Dudgeon, G. C.: Gold Coast, 21 specimens; Northern Nigeria, 20
specimens ; Southern Nigeria, 6 specimens (unnamed); com-
municated by Prof, W. R. Dunstan on behalf of the Imperial
Institute.
Elliott, C. F.: British East Africa, 2 specimens (unnamed). _
Elliott, W. R.: Northern Nigeria, 79 specimens (unnamed).
Engler, Prof. A., numerous duplicates of plants belonging to various
8.

Evans, A. E.: Gold Coast, 25 specimens (unnamed).

318
Evans, M.8.: British East Africa and Uganda, 44 specimens (un-
named),

Farquhar, J. H. J.: Southern Nigeria, 59 specimens (unnamed).
Foster, E. W.: Lagos and Southern Nigeria, 255 specimens (un-
named),

Fyffe, R.: Uganda, 274 specimens (unnamed).

Gairdner, Miss A. E.: North-west Rhodesia; Shesheke District,
bont 300 specimens (partly determined at Kew by Miss
Gairdner).

Galpin, E. E.: British East Africa, 29 specimens (unnamed).

Gibbs, Miss L. S8.: Southern Rhodesia, 32 specimens (named).

Gilg, Dr. E.: see TessMAN, ZENKER.

Gossweiler, J.: Angola, 2644 specimens (unnamed).

Hehe: E.; British Hast Africa, 76 specimens (unnamed), cee

the Roosevelt Expedition to East Africa ; communicated
by G. 8. Miller on behalf of the Smithsonian Instit Hite

Houard, Dr. C.: Sudan, 18 specimens of gell-beaving plants (un-
named) ; ; returned to collector after determination

Howells, W.: Uganda, 2 specimens (unnamed).

Hutchins, D. E.: British East Africa, 87 specimens (unnamed) ;
see also BATTISCOMBE,

Johnson, W. H.: Port promote East Africa and Eastern Rhodesia,
285 specimens (unnamed),

eee Sir i H.: Liberia, 16 specimens and some dried fruits
unn .

Kassner, T.: Belgian —: and East Africa, 442 specimens (mostly
unnamed), purcha

Kolbe, Rev. F.C. : Bodin 22 specimens (unnamed); communicated
by Mrs. F. Bolus

Lamborn, Dr.: Near Lagos, 36 specimens (unnamed) ; communicated
by Prof, E. B. Poulto

Lane-Poole, C, E.: Sierra Lee 114 specimens (unnamed).

Last, J. T.: Zanzibar Island, 363 specimens (unnamed),

- BE: Northern Transvaal; Zoutpansberg, 74 specimens

(unnamed), with 5 ne ra eer 2 maps and collector’s notes ;
communicated b Burtt-Davy.

Lugard, Col. E. J.: Rothe: Nigeria, 22 specimens (unnamed).

recs a Northern Rhodesia ; near Mumbwa, 390 specimens

Maitland, T. D.: Southern Nigeria; Old Calabar, 14 specimens
(unnamed),

McLeod, N. C.: see Dopp.

Miles, A. C.: Ashanti, 16 specimens (unnamed).

Miller, G.8.: see HeLLer.

Mundy, G.: Rhodesia, 1 specimen of Schrebera mazoensis.

319
Newland, Capt. A. E.: British East Africa ; Mt. Elgon, 6 specimens
(unnamed).

Nobbs, Dr. E. A.: see ALLEN,
Northey, Miss M.: British East Africa, book of coloured drawings
of plants for determination ; returned to Miss Northe ey.
Parsons, Dr. A. C.: mostly Northern Ni igetine 201 specimens (un-
named), and a few water colour drawings.
er Prof. H. H. W.: South ee and Great Namaqualand,
specimens (unnamed); collected on the Percy Sladen
Memorial Expedition in South-west Africa, 1908-1909.
Poulton, Prof. E. B.: see LAMBORN.
Powell, H.: British East Africa, 178 specimens (unnamed).
Purves, J, M.: Nyasaland, 36 specimens (unnamed),
Rogers, Rev. F. A.: Rhodesia and a few from Belgian Congo, 2143
specimens (unnamed), purchased ; partly communicated by Dr.
S. Schonland.

Routledge, W. 8.: British East Africa, 229 specimens (unnamed).
Rudatis, H.: Cameroons, 58 specimens (unnamed); communicated
by Dr. H. Schinz.

Sapin, A.: Belgian Congo, 33 specimens (named) ; communicated by
r. E. De Wildeman.

Scheffler, G.: British East Africa, 299 specimens (mostly named),
purchased

Schlechter, Dr. R.: Upper Guinea, 373 specimens (named), pur-
chased.

Schinz, Dr. H.: Somaliland, 2 grasses ; see also RuDATIs.

Schonland, Dr. 8.: see Rogers.

Shaw, B. B.: Northern Nigeria, 109 specimens (eines

Smythe, C. W.: Sierra Leone, 202 specimens (partly — asian
communicated by the Colonial Office ; see also Unw

Stocks, J.: Portuguese East Africa, about 250 specimens (un-
named),

Stordy, “ J.: Southern Abyssinia, 27 specimens, mostly grasses
(unnamed
San ene C. F. M.: Portuguese East Africa (Gazaland) and
South-east Rhodesia, 882 specimens (named), purchased.
Talbot, P. A. and Mrs.: mostly Southern Nigeria, 1024 speci-
ens (unnamed); 520 specimens (named), communicated
through Dr. A. B. Rendle.
— G.: Spanish Guinea, 713 specimens es pur-
ased ; ce through the agency of Dr. EH. Gilg.
Phonss N. W.: Southern Nigeria, about 1400 specimens (un-
amed

peiasak, H.N.: Southern Nigeria, 16 specimens; Gold Coast,
81 specimens (unnamed).
Thonner, F.: Belgian Congo, 35 specimens (named).

320
Tremearne, Capt. A. J. N.: Northern Nigeria, 30 specimens (un-
named).

Unwin, A. H.: Southern Nigeria, 144 specimens; Sierra Leone
(collected with C. W. Smythe), 38 specimens (unnamed).

Ussher, C. B.: Uganda; Mabira Forest, 100 specimens (unnamed).

Wellman, Dr. F. G.: Angola, 63 specimens (unnamed).

Williams, J. L.: Southern Nigeria; Calabar, 56 specimens (un-

~ named).

Yates, 0. C.: Northern Nigeria, 76 specimens (unnamed).
Zenker, G.: Cameroons, 1000 specimens (mostly named), purchased ;

received through the agency of Dr. E. Gilg.

XXXVIII.—VISIT OF THE ROYAL SCOTTISH ARBORI-
CULTURAL SOCIETY TO DEESIDE.

W. DALLIMORE.

By permission of the Director I was enabled to take part in the
annual excursion of the Royal Scottish Arboricultural Society
which took place this year on Deeside and lasted from June 24th
to June 29th. The estates visited included Balmoral, Ballogie,
Finzean, Crathes and Durris.

Leaving Aberdeen in motor cars on the afternoon of June 24th,
the valley of the Dee was traversed to Braemar, thus enabling
members to form a general idea of the wide extent of forest
existing throughout the region, for from the time Aberdeen is left
until Braemar, 60 miles distant, is reached, a great deal of land on
either side of the valley is well wooded. Much importance is
attached to this region, for it contains some of the best timber
grown in the British Isles. There is a considerable amount of land
worth planting ; the railway runs for 40 miles along the valley and
there is a good outlet for timber in Aberdeen.

The planted area contains woods of all ages, from those newly
planted, to others which have passed into the hands of the timber
merchant, and a large percentage appears to be well managed.
The heaviest stands of timber exist between Banchory and Dinnet,
but above Ballater there is also a large amount of good timber.

Natural disadvantages to successful forestry, such as wet ground
and scarcity of soil, occur on some estates and the usual injuries due
to game and vermin are noticeable. With regard to the latter the

hares and black game from young plantations, and with the whole-
sale destruction of rabbits and squirrels. Moreover, if woods are
to be replenished by natural regeneration, deer must not be admitted
even when the trees are mature. A visit to Ballochbuie forest
illustrates this, for where the forest is open to deer scarcely a young
tree is to be seen, but in fenced areas a dense crop of vigorous
young trees covers the ground,

321

The results of various methods of thinning adopted o on different
estates are very noticeable, the mature crops in some places being
much denser than in others whilst there is little to choose between
the cubical contents of average trees. There is no doubt that one
all-round system of thinning would be impracticable as conditions
vary so frilly in even a small area, yet one has to admit that less
thinning in many cases would be advisable.

Fewer new plantations are being formed than one would have
expected, considering the quantity of waste ground available and
the fact of the region having proved itself to be peculiarly adapted
for the growth of trees. Though difficult to form anything like an
accurate opinion from a hu tried visit, it would appear that no
greater area of land is being planted than that which is being

Here and there plantations are noticed in unsuitable places such
as on very high and exposed land, and in such cases the trees are
usually poor and stunted. At present there is plenty of land lying
idle at fairly low elevations and moderately well sheltered. Unti
such land is planted up there appears, therefore, to be little reason
for undertaking phe hazardous experiment of planting the less
favourable position

Taking the aesads visited as a fair sample of those existing
throughout Deeside, however, they impress one favourably, an
were the woods in every district of the country in as good order,
forestry in the British Isles would be in _— condition,

however, been found in the past by young foresters, in obtaining
experience in anything except practical work. To meet this want
the authorities of Aberdeen University and the North of Scotland
College of Agriculture have instituted courses of lectures on the
theotetioal and scientific sides of forestry for men who have had
practical trainin

A course of instruction which has proved to be very it pone’
extends from October to March. This is purely academical a
includes lectures, ‘oa work and occasional excursions -
woods in the vicinity for demonstration purposes.

Last winter 24 students, 11 of whom were young foresters in the
North of Scotland, attended the course, the ages of the men being
between 18 and 22. The fees for the course amount to three
guineas and the cost of board and lodging to each student is about
15 shillings a week. The expense is sometimes horne by the
student and sometimes by his employer, or the cost may be divided.

here is also an opportunity for men to obtain County Council
Bursaries valued at from £10 to £15 each.

A four weeks’ course of instruction for foresters who cannot leave
their employment for a longer period has also been arranged.
fee is charged for this course and students are given the free use of
microscopes and any other instruments they may require. Men of

all ages between 17 and 60 enter as students, and in many cases
their Euid-al pocket expenses are paid by their employers,

322

As in the other course, daily lectures are given by Mr. Dawson,
the principal forestry official, and all laboratory and demonstration
work is supervised by him or by his assistants.

Situated as Aberdeen is, close to one of the best wooded areas in
the country, the university and college officials are peculiarly well
placed for dealing with the scientific training of practical foresters,
for it is but a short journey from the lecture room to the forest; in
fact a tram ride of a few minutes, in any one of three directions, is
all that is necessary, whilst a journey of half an hour by train opens
up a still wider area. In addition to these facilities an experi-
mental plot is about to be established by the Agricultural College
and the University. :

On Tuesday and Wednesday, June 25th and 26th, the King’s
woods on the Balmoral Estate were visited. These cover an area
of 10,000 acres or about one fourth of the estate. The principal
points inspected were Ballochbuie Forest, Garmaddie Wood, Inver-
gelder and Craiggowan, Balmoral Grounds and Abergeldie.

Ballochbuie Forest is one of the few remaining old natural forests
of Scotland, and it is to be preserved as far as possible in its

age of the older trees as nearly 300 years, but the greater

absence of young trees ; a few up to two years of age were noticed, -
but nothing older. This is wiietstid for by the oroainicg of deer,
shoe areas which have been fenced natural regeneration is taking
The stand of timber is not very heavy over a considerable portion
of the forest, the trees having been over-thinned in the h
quality of the wood is, however, good ; and, considering altitude
and poor soil, the general crop may be said to compare favourably

with many Scots pine wood hi i
sondikions. ae P s which are growing under better

St.

323

Much of the soil is light and gravelly, overlying granite.
exposed places there is but a thin layer, but a fair depth occurs in
sheltered places between rocks,

ver the greater part of the forest there is a considerable under-
growth of Juniperus communis, Genista anglica, Calluna vulgaris,
Erica cinerea, E. Tetralix, Vaccinium Myrtillus, V. Vitis-cdaea,
Empetrum nigrum, Lomaria Spicant, and various orchids, of which
Orchis maculata and Habenaria odoratissima were most plentiful.
Near the summit of Craig Daiyn, 1780 feet, Arctostaphylos Uva-
ursé occurs among dwarf pines, junipers, and heat er, and about the
ig points Listera cordata was found beneath the heather,
om the summit of Craig Daiyn a glorious view of the forest
and hills and valleys of the surrounding country is obtained, and on
an exposed point a cairn has been erected, which contains a stone
bearing the following inscription : ueen Victoria entered into
possession of the Ballochbuie, Ba May, 1876, ‘The bonniest
plaid in Scotland,’” The last sentence is said to have reference to
a local tradition that Ballochbicie Forest was at one time sold by a
McGregor to a Farquharson of Invercauld for a tartan plaid,

Garmaddie Wood.—The trees in this wood number about 250 to
the acre, and average about 15 cubic feet of timber each, Other
Scots pine woods contain larger trees, and there are larch woods of
good quality on the estate. With regard to larch, Mr. Michie is
of the opinion that more satisfactory crops of timber can be raised
from Tyrolese seed than from séed ripened in Scotland, Japanese
larch is not grown,

A plantation of Douglas fir planted in 1886 at an elevation of
1020 to over 1100 feet has made good progress. The taller trees
are 45 to 50 feet high. Im the vicinity of this wood a group of
trees of Pinus Cembra planted 24 years ago ranged from 20 to
25 feet in height, P. monticola growing near by being about 5 feet
higher

mas present all the timber cut is used for estate purposes,

The gardens contain numerous well-developed conifers, which were
planted about the year 1860, Some of the best are Pseudotsuga
Douglasii, 70 feet high by 7 feet 4 inches in girth ; Abies Lowiana,
45 to 50 feet high ; A. magnijica, 50 feet by 4 feet 5 inches 3 and
A, grandis, 6() feet by 5 feet 9 inches, All the girths were taken
at 5 feet above the ground,

A number of good silver firs are to be seen at ‘aie med ; the
best one girths 12 feet at 5 feet high, They are growing at an
elevation of 800 to 900 feet, and natural regeneration takes place,

The Invercauld woods and gardens belonging to Mr, Farquharson

young larch, almost every tree having lost its leader ehrough the
ravages of these birds,

324

On Thursday, June 27th, Ballogie and Finzean estates were
visited. These are situated in Kincardineshire, about 10 to 15 miles
west of Banchory, in what is said to be one of the heaviest timbered
districts in Scotland.

Ballogie, the property of Mr. W. E. Nicol, includes about 3000
acres of forest, which is in all stages of development from newly
made plantations to woods ready for cutting. One section is now
being clear-cut, and two sawmills are at work converting the timber
into posts, rails, boards for building purposes, staves for fish
barrels, &c. For the latter purpose there is a good demand in
Aberdeen and the neighbourhood. The Scots pine occupy the
major portion of the woods, but there is also a good deal of larch.

The custom prevails on this estate of leaving woods unthinned
until the thinnings are of scaffold pole size, which may be 30 years
from the time of planting. A wood of Scots pine extending over
200 acres, which had been planted about 27 years, now numbers
about 2500 trees to the acre, and although no systematic thinning
has been done, the number of suppressed trees is not very con-
siderable, although in the past small ones have died and fallen.
So far as can be seen, the trees generally are making satisfactory
height and girth growth. The ground had previously carried
Scots pine and larch. This had been cut in blocks of 50 acres,
When replanted, trouble was caused by pine weevils, but this was
overcome to some extent in the later plantings by thoroughly
loosening the surface soil before réplanting. The cost of planting
was about £2 15s. an acre. An older wood composed of pine and
larch carries 200 trees to the acre, the cubical contents averaging
about 4000 feet. The trees are about 90 years old. In this wood
the little ground orchid Goodyera repens was pleutiful. ;

In the gardens surrounding Ballogie House numbers of very fine
Scots pine and larch were seen. Of the former species, the largest

upwards. Amongst specimen conifers the following were notable :—
Abies nobilis, 77 feet high, girth 6 feet 11 inches; 4. Nordmanniana,
height 79 feet, girth 9 feet ; A. Lowiana, 74 feet by 5 feet 10 inches;
Pseudotsuga Douglasii, 107 feet by 9 feet 5 inches ; another of the
Same species, 97 feet by 10 feet; Picea sitchensis, 86 feet by
11 feet 9 inches ; Libocedrus decurrens, 30 feet. In another part
of the estate, Ballnacraig, two walnut trees, each about 55 feet
high, girth 9 feet 1 inch and 9 feet 6 inches respéctively, the former
at 5 feet, the latter at 3 feet above the ground. These are growing
at an elevation of 600 feet and ripen fruits occasionally. An ash
hd a by girths 15 feet 8 inches and measures 16 feet to the first

_ Finzean—Dr. Farquharson’s woods at Finzean contain probably
the heaviest stands of timber seen during the tour. A wood of
natural-grown larch 200 acres in extent, known as Easter Clune
Plantation, contains a fine lot of trees about 40 years old. About
the lower parts the cubical contents are about 1800 feet to the acre,
the crop being somewhat lighter about the higher points.

325

Approaching Finzean House the road is bordered on either side
by plantations of Scots pine. The trees are remarkable alike for
height, clean trunks and girth. They are said to average 250 trees
to the acre, and the cubical contents are said to be upwards of
8000 feet to the acre. There was, however, no opportunity of
checking these figures. The trees are known locally as “Dr. Far-
quharson’s Walking-sticks.” In a mixed wood behind the house a

Mertensiana and Juglans regia were also seen.
riday, June 28th, a visit was paid to the sawmills of

Messrs. A. and G. Paterson, of Banchory, where large quantities
of wood from the forests are dealt with. The two great woods of
the district, pine and larch, were most in evidence, but Douglas
fir and other kinds were also seen. The manner in which timber is
injured by squirrels was very noticeable in some of the timber which
had been cut up. In some cases the damage is so serious that large
sections of trees have to be discarded. Messrs. Paterson have very
kindly presented planks of Douglas fir, larch, Abies nobilis, &c., for
the Forestry Museum at Kew.

Crathes, the estate of Sir Thomas Burnett, Bart., was also visited.
Woods of a similar character to those already seen were passe

é wo
plantations of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), growing at elevations

34 years old and are planted on bog land. At the time of planting,
drains were opened eight or nine yards apart which still carry off a
considerable amount of water. The first plantation visited covers
about 83 acres. It was originally planted with a mixture of trees,
chiefly Douglas fir and Sitka spruce. In the drier places the firs
are the larger, but in most places the spruces have suppressed all
other trees. The wood has not been thinned, but the trees do not
appear to have suffered on that account. The other wood is entirely
Sitka spruce. I was informed that Professor Mayr, of Munich,
considered these the two best plantations of Sitka spruce in Europe.
From their condition they go far to justify the extensive plantations
of this tree which are being made in some quarters on wet exposed land.
The gardens at Durris are extremely interesting, for they are
attractively situated, and contain a good collection of trees, shrubs
and other plants. Many of the trees are very well developed, an
numerous conifers, ranging in height from 70 to 100 feet, retain
their branches to the ground. Abies grandis, A. Lowiana, A.
Pinsapo, Thuya plicata and Pseudotsuga Douglasii were prominent.
A spevimen of the latter, 72 years old, measured 106 feet in height

25633 B

326

and 12 feet in girth at 5 feet from the ground. Its estimated timber
contents are 300 cubic feet.

A large nursery, devoted chiefly to the raising of young forest
trees, contained a good collection of young ornamental trees and
shrubs also. Amongst the latter was a fine specimen of the Tas-
manian Athrotazis laxifolia about 12 feet high, which had stood
uninjured for eight years, although on one occasion the temperature
fell to zero.

XXXIX.—A NEW BUCHU FROM SOUTH AFRICA.
(Barosma Peglerae).
R. A. Dimmer.

The terms Buchu, Bukku, or Bucco are loosely applied by natives
of the Cape Colony to various members of the genera Agathosma,
Diosma and Barosma of the Natural Order Rutaceae, which, owing
to the oleaginous and mucilaginous properties contained within their
leaves, constitute a domestic medicine of no little repute.

By infusing the leaves in vinegar, brandy or ‘dop,’ their thera-
peutic properties are freed and the subsequent “ Buchu Vinegar”
or “ Buchu Brandy” is then used for sundry internal complaints,
although as MacOwan! remarks, “in these cases its chief value
perhaps is the excuse and cover it affords for the occasional dose
of alcohol.” Be that as it may, their value as embrocations in
sprains, contusions, &c., is held in high esteem, nor have their
importance in alleviating rheumatic troubles been questioned.

The standard Buchus, however, comprise only three species of
Barosma, namely, B. serratifolia, Willd., B. crenulata, Hook., an

B. betulina, Bartl. and Wendl. f., known in the trade as “ Longs,”

tively, though in recent years the leaves of the latter have been
preferred and constitute now the “ Folia Buchu,” or “ Folia Bucco ”

sy herheaae materially stimulated the industry of Buchu collecting,
and with a view to furthering this stimulus, Mr. N. S. Pillans? has

og ce by the Government, relating to the subject ; the

Meee go wake upon the history of the industry, mode of

calles ng crying, quoting also statistics which indicate the
i" y mcrease in export and prices realised.

8 considerable confusion has hitherto prevailed regarding the

n of the species and attempts at adultera~

have been figured and will appear with

descriptions in a sub :
the Union of South Africa, t issue of the Agricultural Journal of

pecimens of a Buchu communicated t
" : o Kew during the year
1907, Se by Miss Alice Pegler on grassy slopes at the Qolora
gric. Journ., Cape of Good H i ieee
Renae 1 ope, vi, 146 (1893).
Agric. Journ., Cape of Good Hope, xxxvii., 252 (lat0).

327

Mouth, Kentani, in the Eastern Regions of Cape Colony, appear
to be new to science, and in order to direct attention to this species,
may be worth exploiting, this preliminary note wit
diagnosis of the new species has been prepared.
Barosma Peglerae, Diimmer,* habitu B. lanceolatae, Sond: (sensu
lato) similis, sed foliis latioribus ellipticis subtus fere epunctatis.
Planta perennis e basi lignosa ramosa, caulibus lignescentibus
ascendentibus gracilibus ad 18 cm. altis simplicibus vel pauciramosis

vel subopposita, subimbricata vel patula, brevissime Lage ata,
oblongo-elliptica, apice one -fisndals notata, 1-1°5 cm. longa,

ata, eee mox ‘ela bra,
Sane eileetity subco a, laevia,
costa vix prominente, sans sere

lares, solitarii, gemini tee nive, aaa
culis filiformibus puberulis mox glabris
05-1 cm. longis bracteis perenne:

minutis munitis. alyx gla
se ae segmentis late deltotdei
obtusis m gis apicem versus

on
olanduliferis denticulatis. Petala
elliptico-oblonga, sight hae longa,
2-5 mm. lata, in siccoalbida. Stamina
glaberrima, _petalis sanpedidnge vel
longiora, antheris

i: Brsneli with — oe staminodia lanceolata, sub-
2. Leaf. 3. Flow mm. longa, glandula obsoleta

apicali natalie margine oie "Peatillem glabrum, interdum aborti-
vum, stylo carnosulo seine fere vem el a = truncato,

A perennial pant de developing annual leafy and flo peutic shoots from a woody
y wood

z nd m
sparingly Mew cs nearly terete, chestnut brown, leafless, glabrous, and wit
prominent leafscars or aborted leaf-bu i ‘towards the bate; de den cay leafy and
minntely downy towards the apex. Leaves alternately disposed or subopposite,

imbricate or sapere very shortly petiolate, oblong-elliptic with an obtuse
Piandstinipesl apex, 2 to over } in. long, §—4 in. broad, leathery, glabrous, shiny,
hi ; shi b ce minent midrib

m a ‘
paler below with a few scattered inconspicuous glands, the margin slightly
thickened cil rec’ ge almost entire and impressedly glandular. Flowers lilac,
racemosely dispo owards the ends of the shoots, axillary, so gee in pairs
or threes, the aia filiform, pubeecioaa or glabrous, j-} in. subtended
by minute ea a Calyie 5- - e glabrous, with br radi deltoid si

and- agi towards their apices

Petal elliptic hls. obtuse, 3 i To . Stamens Sntstety wire,
equalling the petals i in lengt th o bane the anthers terminated by a smal] gland ;
= i s (infertile stamens) lanceolate, ae @, a5 ca furnished with

bsolete api 1 gland, ciliolate istil gla , occasion — mt style

25633 B 2

328

Sour Arrica. Eastern Region: Kentani; Qolora Mouth,

dependent on the oil-extractive, but is intimately associated with
their mucilaginous contents.
|

XL.—DIAGNOSES AFRICANAE, L.

1391. Adenandra Schlechteri, Diimmer [Rutaceae-Diosmeae] ; ab
A, brachyphylla, Schlechtendal, caulibus simplicibus, foliis majoribus
obtusis subtus eglandulosis, floribus minoribus, pedicellis calycibusque
albo-hirsutulis distat.

Caules simplices, fere stricti, graciles, lignescentes, inferne brunei,
teretes, apicem versus citrini, angulati, puberuli, ad 5 dm. longi,
foliis obtecti. Folia imbricata, brevissime complanato-petiolata,
anguste elliptica vel obovato-elliptica, obtusa, 5-8 mm. longa,

-4 mm. lata, coriacea, laete viridia, utrinque glabra, margine
incrassata paulo recurva glandulisque impressis inconspicuis ornata.
Umbella 8-10-flora, pedicellis albo-hirsutulis ad 8 mm. longis.
Calyx 5-partitus, circiter 5 mm. longus, extra albo-hirsutulus, intra

majusculis parce pilosis et glandula stipitata terminatis ; staminodia
staminibus fere duplo longiora, capitata, filamentis patenter pilosis.
Stylus brevissimus, discum vix excedens ; stigma truncatum.
Sours Arrica. Coast Region: Bredasdorp Div.; Koude
Rivier, 120 m. Schlechter, 10,467.

complanato-petiolata, linearia, obtusa, 5-8 mm. longa, 0°7-1 mm,
ata, carnosula, supra convexa, subtus sulcata, marginibus incrassatis
revolutis valde impresso-punctatis. Flores axillares, interdum
solitarii vel in umbellas terminales 2-5-floras dispositi, pedicellis ad
6 mm. longis bracteolatis suffulti. Calyx 5-partitus, extra puberulus,
intus glaber, segmentis ovato-oblongis obtusis marginibus involutis
ciliolatis glandulis ornatis. Petala patentia, anguste obovato-

bionga, 2 mm. longa, alba, roseo-tincta, glandula glabra aut
pilifera fusca terminata, margine inferne ciliolata. Stamina glabra,
petala aequantia ; staminodia anguste elliptica, acuta, pubescentia,

329

staminibus triplo vel quadruplo breviora. vais glaber, stamina
vix superans, apice obtuso. Carpella longa, glabra,
atrocastanea, muricato-glandulosa.

Sourn Arrica. Coast Region: Riversdale Div.; dry hills
near Spiegel River, Dec. 1814. Burchell, 7205.

A species with the facies of Barosma microcarpa, Sonder, but
the umbellate disposition of the flowers suggests its approximation
to the closely allied and scarcely separable genus Agathosma.

1393. Kalanchoe Ellacombei, V. /. Brown [Crassulaceae]; affinis
K. platysepalae, Welw., sed planta hirsutior sepalis acuminatis et
corolla Sterne aero

annua vel biennis, erecta, 3°5-5 dm. alta. Caulis 3-6 mm.
craasiit “infaine glaber, superne pilis glandulosis patulis conspicue
pubescens; rami oppositi, erecti, subparalleli, racemis —bifidis
parallelis 5-10 cm. longis multifloris terminati, ee ae
centes. Folia opposita, sessilia, 3-9 cm. longa, 0°7-3 cm, lata,
anguste oblonga vel oBinsigo hance obtusa vel subacuta, integra,
inferiora glabra, superiora utrinque glanduloso-puberula. lores
alterni. Bracteae 3 mm. longae, lineares, acutae, deciduae, Pedicelli
3 mm. longi, glanduloso-pubescentes. Calyx 7-8 mm. longus,

4-lobus, plindaloto-pabarulus, viridis ; lobi 5-6 mm. longi, 2°5 mm.

lati, ovato-lanceolati, acuminati. Corolla 4-loba, aurantiaca, extra
glanduloso-puberula ; tubus 1 cm. longus; lobi 5 mm. longi,
3°5—4 mm. lati, elliptici, obtusi, subulato-apiculati. Stamina inclusa.
pe saara hypogynae 2°5 mm. lon oa ineares, submembranaceae.

TropicaL Arrica. Rhodes and by the River
Z aes & miles above Victoria Fa alls, Ellacom

1394. Begonia (Fusibegonia) seme Sprague aes affinis
B. Mannii, Hook. £., a qua foliis minoribus minus aeinns floribus
minoribus, fests solitariis, iia longioribus rece

Caulis her cet circiter 3 dm. longus, teres, sinditar 4 mm.
diametro, pilis stellatis brunneo-pubescens ; internodia 2-4 cm.
longa. Folia ovate acute acuminata, apice recurva, basi leviter
inaequaliter cordata, 10-11 cm. longa, 5 cm. lata, supra subopaca,
glabra, laevia, subtus pilis stellatis brunneo-pubescentia, nervo
medio prominente ; nervi laterales utrinque circiter 4, satis obliqui ;
petioli plus minus rubri, 1 1-5-3°5 em. longi; stipulae lanceolatae, acute
acuminatae, 1°7-2 cm. longae, extra stellato-pubesce entes. Perianthit
segmenta saturate rosea, Cymae J ter bifurcatae ; pedunculus
communis 1°2 cm, longus; pedunculi proprii florum 1 mm. longi ;
pedicelli 7-8 mm. longi. Perianthii segmenta exteriora 2, elliptico-
oblonga, 1°1 cm. longa, 5°5 mm. lata; segmenta interiora 2;
oblanceolato-oblonga, 1°05 em. longa, 2°7 mm. lata, subacuta.
Androphorum in toto vix 2 mm. longum, rubrum, parte inferiore
stipitiformi 1 mm. longa. Antherae 15, inferiores sessiles, 3

lo
0°25 mm. ultra loculos producto. Flores Q solitarii ; pedicellus
3°5-4 mm. longus. Perianthii segmenta exteriora 2, elliptico-
oblonga, 13 mm. longa, 8 mm. lata, extra parce stellato-pilosa ;
segmenta ifteriora oblanceolata, 1°2 cm
Ovarium 1°3-1°5 em. longum, dense stellato-pubescens, 3-loculare

330

vel 4-loculare, placentis 2 pro loculo ; styli 3 vel 4, basi 0°5 mm,
connati, 2°6-3 mm. longi, aurantiaci (5°5 mm. longi stigmatibus
inclusis) ; stigmata 3-3°5 mm. longa, rubra.

oPIcCAL Arrica. Congo State. Described from a living
plant received from the Botanic Garden, Brussels.

1395. Vernonia crataegifolia, Hutchinson [Compositaec-V ernonieae |;
affinis V. corymbosae, Less., sed foliis sessilibus vel subsessilibus
subtus tenuiter arachnoideo-pubescentibus differt.

Planta 1°25-1°6 m. alta, raulticaulis; caules subteretes, arach-
noideo-tomentosi, plerumque dense foliati. Folia alterna vel sub-
alterna, sessilia vel subsessilia, elliptica, obovato-oblanceolata vel
(in ramulis sterilibus) suborbicularia, basi cuneata, 2-5-9 cm. longa,
1-5-7 em. lata, membranacea vel tenuiter rigide chartacea, utrinque
tenuiter arachnoideo-pubescentia vel fere glabra, subtus glandulis
flavis dense instructa, grosse repando-dentata vel subpinnatifida,
dentibus plus minusye triangularibus acute mucronatis, nervis later-
alibus utrinque 5-6 rectis vel leviter arcuatis infra prominentibus
intra marginem conspicue ramosis, Corymbi usque ad 15 cm.
expansi, foliosi. Capitula 4-5-flora, anguste obovoidea vel sub-
cylindrica, circiter 6 mm. diametro, 6-8 mm. longa. Jnvolucri
bracteae 4-seriatae, ellipticae vel oblongo-ellipticae, apice rotun-
datae, extra apicem versus pubescentes. Pappi setae numerosae,
interiores corollae tubo paulo longiores, exteriores multo breviores,
omnes minute barbellatae. Corolla lilacina (Pegler) vel purpurea
(Tyson); tubus 5 mm, longus, medio 0°5 mm. diametro, minute
glandulosus ; lobi lanceolato-lineares, subobtusi, 3 mm. longi, vix
0°75 mm. lati, glabri. Antherae 2°5 mm. longae. Stylus 6 mm.
ongus, ramis 2 mm, longis. Achaenia 2 mm. longa, pilosa, dense

landulosa.— Vernonia mespilifolia, E. Meyer in Drége, Zwei Pf.

ocumente, 152, 228, non Lessing.

Soutm Arnica. Eastern Region: Transkei Div, ; Kentani
district, in valleys (April), Pegler, 999. Pondoland ; between St.
Johns River and Umsikaba River, 305-610 m. (May), Drege, a
and 6, East Griqualand; Shawbury (May), Baur, 219; near
ete (March), Tyson, 1188, 1242. Natal; Tugela River,
Colenso, Rehmann, 7184; and without precise locality, Gerrard,
711; Cooper, 2579. Kalahari Region: Transvaal ; Kaap Valley,
Barberton (April), Galpin, 1350.

This species is most closely allied to V. corymbosa, Less., and
vz mespilifolia, Less., and it has even been associated with the latter
in the Drégean herbarium. From both, however, it may readily be
distinguished by its sessile or subsessile, coarsely toothed leaves, and
from the former more especially by the loose indumentum on their
lower surfaces.
woe ex bene Hutchinson | Ebenaceae] ; affinis M. natalens:,

%9 us leviter emar i i icellatis i is
9-3-floris dispositis differt, ginatis, floribus pedicelilatis in cymis

lente emarginata, basi subcuneata, 1-5-2-5 cm. longa, 0°7-1°5 cm.
a chartacea, glabra, utrinque subnitida, juniores breviter ciliata,
tinete reticulata ; petioli 2 mm. longi, rugulosi, pubescentes.

331

Cymae 3 axillares, 2-3-florae ; ci pone circiter 2 mm. longi,

breviter pubescentes ; pedicelli 1-1-5 mm. longi, glabri vel parce
beruli, apice articulati, aie campanulatus, truncatus, basi
leviter constrictus, 2°5-3 mm. longus, vix 3 mm, diametro, utrinque

glaber, parce ciliolatus. Corolla _triloba ; ; tubus campanulato-
obconicus, 2°5 mm. longus ; lobi ovato-oblongi, submucronati, circiter
mm. longi et lati, margine incurva, extra appresse pilosi, intra
glabri. Stamina civciter "16, basi corollae. tubo adnata ; filamenta
distincta, yix 0°5 mm. longa s antherae 1°75 mm. longae, breviter

ae. Flores Q non v
TROPICAL AFRICA. 1 PE pe Kast Africa: Goruro, in

forests ‘J an.), Dawe, 524,
1397. Utricularia ae Stapf |Lentibulariaceae]; affinis

sed lis val

U. sa ae Oliv sepalis inciso-serratis valde insignis.
gracilis, ride annua, Rhizoidea. foliaque ignota.
Seana filiform 10-12 cm. altus, simplex vel parce ramosus. /ores

valde dissiti, poe bracteae subulato-lanceolatae, ad 1 mm. longae ;
bracteolae iis simillimae ; pedicelli brevissimi vel ad 1 mm. longi.

epala ambitu rotundato-ovata, inciso-serrata, dentibus utrinque
3 acutis, 1°5-1°75 mm. longa, flavida. Corellia 7-8 mm. longa,
violaceo-purpurea, palato aureo ; labium superum late ovatum, emar-

ginatum, 3 mm. longum ; labium inferum vix 4 m m. longum, sub-
— palato bi-gibboso| laevi; calcar gracile, sista descendens,
vix lem, longum. Antherae vix 1 mm. longae, J istillum oblique

Becatictnds stylo brevi, shigiaatis labiis ae minute papillosis,
inferiore pre rata amplo. Capsula seminaque ignota.

TropicaL Arrica. N. W. Rhodesia: Kashite River, Rogers,
8632.

1398. Graphtophyllum glandulosum, Twurriil [ Acanthaceae-Acan-
thoideae]; ab affini G. picto, Griff., foliis distincte acuminatis, corollae
tubo et calyce glanduloso, staminibus dorso pubescentibus recedit,

Caulis erectus, quadrangularis, parce pubescens vel glaber. nag
Se ADD ce apice acuminata, basi cuneata, usque ad 20 cm.

6 cm. lata, infra minute puberula, supra ris
pe itr margine integra, nervis lateralibus utrinque
circiter 10 in pagina utraque distinctis, petiolis 2 cm. longis suffulta.
Flores in paniculam terminalem dispositi; bracteae lineares, 2: mm.
longae, minute puberulae ; bracteolae minutae. Calyx quinquepartitus,
segmentis linearibus acutis 3 mm. longis ee glandulosis, Corollae
tubus inferne cylindricus, superne ampliatus, 2 cm. longus, extra
glandulosus ; labium posticum breviter bilobatum, 9 mm, longum,

m. latum, anticum tripartitum, segmentis 1 cm. longis 3 mm.
latis. Stamina 2, filamentis exsertis, 1°5 mm. longis leviter
pubescentibus; antherarum loculi 2, aequales, mutici, dorso
pubescentes ; pollinis granula breviter ellipsoidea, 50 p» longa,
iametro. Discus 1 mm. altus. Ovarium 2 mm. altum,

1 mm. diametro, es loculis 2-ovulatis ; stylus 2°5 em. longus,
leviter a

TRoPIcAaL AFRIca. Southern Nigeria: Oban District, Mr. and
Mrs. P. a Talbot ; Cross River, Ifunkpa-Atakom, J. H. Holland,
216. Cameroons: Joha nn-Albrechtshihe, forest region, Staudt, 455.

1399. Blepharis Evansii, Twurrill [ Acanthaceae-Acanthoideae] ; ;
B. madanensi, S. Moore, affinis, sed floribus minoribus differt.

332

Rami teretes, albo-pubescentes. Folia lineari-lanceolata, sessilia,
spinuloso-acuminata, 4-5 cm. longa, 6-8 mm. lata, subcoriacea,
utrinque albo-pubescentia, marginibus spinosa. Inflorescentia ter-
minalis vel lateralis, congesta, multiflora, albo-pubescens ; bracteae
steriles lineari-lanceolatae, spinuloso-acuminatae, 1'2 cm. longae,
4 mm. latae, pubescentes, fere integrae, fertiles bracteolaeque lineares,
spinuloso-acuminatae, 2 cm. longae, 4 mm. latae, albo-pubescentes,
marginibus spinulosae. Calycis lobi 4; anticus oblongo-lanceolatus,
apice bilobaius, quinquedentato-spinulosus, 1*°7 cm. longus, 6 mm.
latus, pubescens; posticus oblongo-lanceolatus, apice tridentatus,
2:2 cm. longus, 6 mm. latus, pubescens ; laterales lineares, apice
spinuloso-acuminati, 1°7 cm. longi, 2 ati, pubescentes.
Corollae tubus 1 cm. longus, glaber ; limbus trilobatus, lobo inter-
medio minore, 1°7 em. longus, 1 cm. latus, pubescens, caeruleus.
Stamina 4, filamentis 5 mm, longis glabris ; antherae 5 mm. longae,
staminum anticorum lobis fertilibus quam sterilibus tertia parte
longioribus ; pollinis granula longe ellipsoidea, circiter 40 pu longa,
25 zdiametro. Ovarium 3 mm. altum, 1°5 mm. diametro, glabrum ;
stylus 1-3 em. longus, glaber, breviter aequaliterque bifidus.

Tropica, Arrica. British East Africa: Guasa Nyiro;
“among quartz,’ Lion Camp, Maurice S. Evans, 754

1400. Cleistanthus gahonensis, Hutchinson [Huphorbiaceae-
Phyllantheae] ; affinis C. bipindensi, Pax, sed floribus subsessilibus,
discis minoribus et tenuioribus, staminibus numerosioribus, antheris
majoribus subsessilibus differt.

Arbor 6-10 m. alta ; rami breviter pubescentes ; ramuli juniores
patuli, angulares, pubescentes vel demum fere glabri. Folia oblonga
vel oblongo-elliptica, subacute caudato-acuminata, acumine circiter

2 cm. longo, basi rotundata, 5°5-11 em. lon a, 3-5 cm. lata,
chartacea vel tenuiter coriacea, saepe supra glauca, subtus pallide
viridia, utrinque glabra et opaca, nervis lateralibus utrinque 4-6
arcuatis, nervis tertiariis gracilibus subparallelis crebris distinctis ;
petioli circiter 4 mm. longi, transverse rugosi, breviter pubescentes ;
stipula non visae. Flores monoici, axillares, 3-4-fasciculati,
Q solitarii, ceteri S, omnes subsessiles. Flores 3 : Sepala ovato-
lanceolata, subobtusa, 5 mm. longa, 2 mm. lata, extra dense rufo-
tomentella, intra glabra. ste oblanceolata, subacuta, 1°5 mm.
‘ ascus parvus, carnosus, pubescens.
Stamina 7-10 ; filamenta bec Viatisia: antheraé 2°5 ae longae,
glabrae. Ovarii rudimentum dense rufo-villosum. Flores Q :

us,
multifidi. Ca

dense rufo-villosa et cris : oe.
ee u 2 :
nitidula. pe pubescentia. Semina 7 mm longa,

Troricat AFrica. Gaboon: ne; ibrevi
Klaine; 8499, S438. aboon: neighbourhood of Libreville,

he species is remarkably similar to C. bipindensis, Pax, from
which it = scarcely be separated except by dissection and com-
‘parison of the flowers. It differs in its subsessile flowers, smaller

and thinner male and female disk
: $
larger, subsessile anthers, <E™ gicapeot ni comet asp =

333

1401. sti fare aframensis, Hutchinson in Dyer, FI. bp; Afr.,
vol. vi., sect. i, p. 682, anglice [ Euphorbiaceae-Phyllantheae] ; ;
D. leonensi, Pax, facie similis sed staminibus numerosioribus differt.

Arbor circiter 14 m, alta; ramuli leviter sulcati, glabri. Folia
elliptica vel oblongo-elliptica, brevissime et paulo abrupte acuminata,
basi cuneata et leviter inaequalia, 5-10 cm. longa, 2°5-4°5 em. lata,
-rigide chartacea, utrinque glabra et opaca vel nitidula, nervis
lateralibus utrinque circiter 7 intra marginem anastomosantibus
utrinque distinctis subtus leviter elevatis ; 3 petioli 3-4 mm. longi,
leviter rugosi, glabri; stipulae parvae, coriaceae, caducae. Flores

axillares, in ramulis junioribus fasciculati ; pedicelli 3-4 mm.
longi, glabri. Sepala 4, obovata vel oblongo-obovata, obtusa, 2°5
mm. longa, 1°5 mm. lata, apice pubescentia, membranacea, Stamina 8 ;
filamenta gracilia, ¢ glabra ; antherae parvae, glabrae. Discus mag-
nus, cupularis, glaber, margine irregulariter dentatus. Flores Q
non visi

TROPICAL AFRICA, ae Guinea: Gold Coast; Afram —
Plains, W. H. Johnson, 714

1402. Drypetes Paxii, Hicichinsine in Dyer FI. Trop. Afr., ae vi.
sect. i, p. 681, anglice [Kuphorbiaceae-Phyllantheae] ;

D. bipindensi, Hutchinson (Cyclostemon bipindensis, Pax), asl
stipulis multo minoribus staminibus 4 facile distinguenda.

Ramuli _graciles, sulcati, minute puberuli. Folia oblonga vel
oblongo-elliptica, caudato-acuminata, basi subcuneata et leviter
inaequalia, 7°5-11°5 cm. longa, 4-4° B em: lata, tenuiter chartacea
vel submembranacea, integra, utrinque glabra, supra nitida, nervis
lateralibus utrinque 10-11, pergracilibus patulis intra marginem
anastomosantibus, venis et venulis leviter prominentibus ; petioli
graciles, 4-6 mm. longi, densiuscule puberuli; stipulae deciduae,
parvae. lores ¢ axillares, in ramulis foliosis fasciculati ; pedicelli

oblongo-ellipsoideae, 0°35 mm. longae. Discus cupularis, tenuis,
dentatus, intra pubescens, extra elaber. Flores Q non visi.

TroricaL Arrica, Upper Guinea: Cameroons; Bipinde,
Zenker, 3788.

1403. Drypetes pe Hutehinson in Dyer, FI. Trop.,
vol. vi. sect. i, p. 679, anglice He thotblelodais Pie lanthood!’ affinis
D. glomeratae, Hutchin ae (Cyclostemon glomeratus, Muell. Arg.),
sed floribus pedicellatis, sepalis extra glabris differt.

Arbor; ramuli teretes, cortice cinereo glabro obtecti. Folia
magna, oblongo-elliptica, breviter acuminata, basi cuneata vel sub-
obtusa, 30-35 cm. longa, 9-13 cm, lata, coriacea, utrinque glabra
et nitida, nervis lateralibus utrinque 8-9 patulis vel ascendentibus

rope marginem anastomosantibus supra leviter insculptis subtus

prominentibus, venis laxis subtus leviter elevatis ; petioli crassi,

13. cm. longi, glabri; stipulae subpersistentes, lanceolatae,

obtusae, 0°8-1°2 cm. longae, crassae, interdum fere subteretes,
8

334

mm. longae. Discus patelliformis, crassus, undulatus, glaber.
Flores Q pauci, apices ramulorum versus dispositi ; pedicelli robusti,
fructiferi demum circiter 1°3 cm. longi, glabri. Discus crassus,
annularis, glaber. Ovarium ellipsoideum, plabeain styli breves ;
stigma SS integrum. Fructus ellipsoidei, circiter 1°3 cm,
longi, 1 cm. diametro. ‘Semina matura non visa

TRoprcaL PLeRIO A. Upper Guinea: Cameroons ; Bipinde,
Zenker, 3194, 3527, 3721. Ilendi, Ledermann, $54.

1404. Tragia (Tagira) affinis, Muell. Arg. MSS. in Herb. Holm.
[Euphorbiaceae-Crotoneae |; species 7”. rupestri, Sond., quam maxime
affinis sed foliis minoribus glabratis basi haud 3-lobis capsulisque
minoribus apte distinguenda.

Herba, caules alongs, graciles, prostrati ue volubiles ramos ;
rami puberuli parce pilis urentibus ar stig lia breve petiolata,
membranacea, triangulari-ovata, acuta, ba Sie cordata sinu
latiore, margine crebre dentata, utrinque as urentibus perpaucis
secus nervos obsita ceterum glabra, 2-3 cm. longa, 1-15 cm. lata ;

m,

acemi terminales oppositi foliique, graciles, densi, 3-5 cm. longi,
pedunculo nudo gracile puberulo et parce pilis urentibus obsito
1 cm. longo suffulti, flores masculos versus apicem plurimos femin-
eosque 1-2 basales gerentes ; pedicelli sub quaque epee singuli,
maris 1-2 mm. longi, glabri, bracteis breviores; bracteae maris
lanceolatae, 2 mm. longae, margine minute ciliolatae ; ; Swale
minei ovatae acute margine econ bracteolae lanceolatae.

3 Sepala 3, svatk, acuta, glabra. Stamina 3, filamenta antheris
subaequilonga ie incurva. Q Sepala exile nls 3, nonnunquam
ambitu suborbicularia, membranacea, demum accrescentia vix.
tamen coriacea 6 mm, onga, margine palmatim utrinsecus 4-5-

UTH Arnica, sg ad Region : Transvaal ; _ Vaal River,

$
fa the. conclusion arrived at by Sonder was not unnatural.
ut in addition to the material collected by Zeyher and Burke

335

Sond. One of them he has named 7. rupestris, y, minor, and has
cited it under this name in the pa ee Another, evidently part
of the same gathering, Mueller has written up as T'ragia(Tagira)
affinis, Muell. Arg. This latter name has never been taken up, and
we are therefore fortunately able to conserve it in connection with
a plant which, now that there is ample material of 7’. rupestris,

ond, at our command, is seen to be distinct from Sonder’s type
of that specie

1405, Tragia (Tagira) collina, Prain Es dante as
species 7. incisifoliae, Prain, habitu congruens sed foliis minus
incisis, calyce femineo 3-partito, coccis darn parum angulatis differt.

Herba caulibus brevibus herbaceis e basi lignoso simplicibus vel
parce ramosis, 10-15 em, altis, parce vel distincte pubescentibus,
aculeisque paucis armatis Folia fere sessilia, membranacea,
oblonga, obtusa, basi late cuneata vel truncata, margine basi integra,
secus latera parce dentata dentibus nonnunquam obsoletis, apie
yrosse 3—5-dentata, 0°8-1°2 cm. longa, 6-8 mm. lata, utrinque secu
nervos parce hirsuta aculeataque ; petiolus 1-2 mm. longus, hiteutus
aculeatusque ; stipulae patentes lanceolatae, hirsutae, 3 mm. longae.
Racemi oppositifolii subterminales 2°5-5 cm. longi, pedunculis dense
pubescentibus 0°5-1 em. — suffulti, floribus masculis pian
femineisque basalibus 1-3 onusti; pedicelli utriusque sex
quaque bractea solitari sans breviores ; ; bracteae bracteolaequ
lanceolatae, integrae, subglabrae, bracteae maris 3 mm. longae,
feminei 4 mm. longae. ‘epala maris 3, ovata, apiculata, extra
puberula. Stamina 3, erecta, filamentis basi incrassatis antheris
longioribus. Sepala fe _ 3, accrescentia, subcoriacea, subor-
bicularia, utrinsecus pinnatim 5-—6-lobulata, extra pubescens intus
glabra ; lobuli lanceolati, rhachidis diametro aequilongi. Ovarium
dense setosum; styli 3, inferne in columnam glabram connati,
dimidio superiore liberi, recurvi. Capsula 3-cocca, parce setosa,
8 mm. — ; cocci dorso parum angulati. Semina globosa.

Soutn Arrica. Natal: near echoes 1370 m. -Sahlachter, 3381;
near Pictore; 915-1220 m., Wood, 888

very distinct species, with the habit of 7. incisifolia but with
different leaves. As regards its flowers and fruits it most nearly
approaches 7. angustifolia, Benth. and 7. Kiérhkiana, Muell. Arg.
The flowers are stated - Mr. Medley Wood to be p ink,

1406. Tragia (Agirta) cocculifolia, Prain { Euphorbiaceae-
Crotoneae]; species 7’. imerinicae, Prain, proxima sed foluis a hada
densius pias haud aculeatis racemis que 1-sexualibus pte
distinguen

Fruter ramis suberectis lignosis strictis vel subvolubilibus, dense
pubescentibus, ramulis brevibus pilis retrorsis dense pubescentibus.
Folia breve petiolata, membranacea, late oblonga vel ovata vel
suborbicularia, obtusa vel acuta, basi parum aie margine

336
integra vel subundulata, 4-6 cm. longa, 2-4'5 em. lata, utrinque

densius strigosa nec tamen aculeata; petiolus patenter pubescens,

majorem subtendens, Sepala maris saepius 3, nonnunquam 4,
snborbicularia, obtusa, extra strigosa. Stamina 3, raro 4, centrum
floris occupantia ; antherae sub anthesin reflexae, horizontales.
Flos femineus haud visus.

Mapagascar. Central Madagascar, Baron, 1748, 3951.

Very similar to 7. imerinica, but the leaves are less prom-
inently reticulate, densely strigose but not at all aculeate, do
not become so firmly papery when full grown, and are of larger size.
Almost at the base of the racemes, in place of some distance above
the base, ‘occur large bracts (reduced leaves) exactly like the female
bracts of J’. imerinica, These leafy bracts, however, in place of
subtending a glomerulus of female flowers as in J. ¢merinica,
subtend solitary male flowers with longer pedicels and of larger
size than the male flowers in the glomerules which occupy the
remainder of the raceme.

1407. Tragia (Agirta) imerinica, Prain [ Euphorbiaceae-Crotoneae];
species 7’. Bowvinianae, Muell.-Arg., affinis sed foliis minoribus
et bracteis flores femineos subtendentibus latissimis foliaceis suborb-
icularibus vel subreniformibus differt.

Frutex ramis suberectis lignosis parce pubescentibus vel glabris,
ramulis parce puberulis strictis vel raro volubilibus. Folia breve
petiolata, membranacea demum papyracea, triangulari-ovata, acuta
vel obtusa, mucronulata, basi parum cordata vel truncata, margine
distanter minutissime glanduloso-denticulata, 2°5-3 cm. lon

dentes. Sepala maris saepius 3, nonnunquam 4, suborbicularia,
b . Stamina 3, raro 4, centrum
occupantia ; antherae sub anthesin reflexae, horizontales. Sepala
floris feminei 6, lanceolata, acuta, extra pubescentia, sub anthesin
ovario absque stylo aequilonga: Ovarium dense velutinum ; styli
. dimidio inferiore in columnam connati. Capsula juvenilis tantum
. ra,
Mapvaeascar. Central Madagascar. B 872. North-West
Madagascar, Baron, 4989. ce = ae : a8

337

A very distinct species. The leaves in texture closely resemble
i of 7. (Agirta) Hagen, Muell. Arg., but are much smaller,
have a different outlin and relatively longer petioles. T.

rps but the female calyx-segments are much smaller than in

. Boiviniana, The most striking differential character is, ees
to be nfet with in the bracts subtending the female flowers which in
T. Boiviniana are like the male bracts but in 7. tmerinica are like
much reduce Ss.

1408, Tragia eis Sonderi, Prain [Kuphorbiaceae-Crotonae] ;
sissies quoad folia magis 7. Dinteri, Pax, accedens, differt tamen
racemis masculis multo longioribus, bracteis siggoriien, caulibus
volubilibus.

Herba caulibus e basi ligroso suberectis demum volubilibus,
metralibus, parce ramosis, parce pubescentibus et plus minusve pilis
urentibus armatis. Folia longe petiolata, i triangulari-
ovata, acuta, basi cordata, margine grosse dentata vel duplicato-
dentata, 4—7°5 em. longa, 2°5-6°5 em. lata, ateinque parce pubescen-
tia et secus nervos plus minusve setosa ; petiolus mmute puberulus
et parce setosus, 2°5—-6 cm. longus ; stipulae pepe tose reflexae,

pedunculisque 1-1°5 cm. nese suffulti ; flores inferiores in cymulas
3-floras aggregati, superiores subquaque bractea solitarii sed
pedicellis basi iterumque medio 2-bracteolatis ; bracteae lineari-
lanceolatae, reflexae, 3 mm. ae Sepala maris 3, lutea, ovata
apiculata, glabr a, Stamina 3 ; filamenta spothesil longiora antherae
ee eee Flores fine fructusque adhue ignoti

Sou Transvaal: Macalisberg, Zeyhes ; Burke.
Svasiland “High Veld at Dalriach ; near ’Mbabane, 1350 m., Bolus,

at very distinct species with leaves like those of the German
South-West African 7, Dinteri, Pax, but with different habit and
different male flowers. The original specimens were too imperfect
for description, yet, imperfect as ‘they were, they made it clear to
Dr. Sonder that they represented a 2 ea of T'ragia quite distinct
from any of the ones described by him

1409, Leidesia firmula, Prain Sg neater Crotoneae] ; species
ab alteris hujus generis caulibus ramisque ulis nee succulentis,
foliisque lanceolatis haud puncticulatis facile distingu ida:

Ha erecia, basi lignosa, intricatim ramosa, comam 15 cm, altam

diametro efficiens. Folia breve petiolata, membranacea,
ovato-lanceolata vel lanceolata, acuta, basi anguste cuneata, mar-

4-6 mm. lata, nisi margine ubique apres petiolus 2°5-3 mm,
longus, glaber ; stipulae lanceolatae, glabrae, 1mm. longae, Racemi
androgyni, superne florum masculorum glomerulos aie ad basin
florum femineorum glomerulum pauciflorum singulum gerentes ;

stat masculae ovatae, acutae, bracteolae sheets a Stes. omnes
margine et extra parce ciliatae 3 ; pedicelli maris calyce longiores,
Regie: capsula parum breviores, omnes articulati, Calyx maris

338

alte 3-partitus ; lobi ovati, acuti, extra parce ciliati. Stamina 3-4.
Capsula 2-dyma ; cocci extra hispiduli, 2 mm. longi ; stigmata per-
sistentia vel subpersistentia, simplicia, papillosa.

Soutm Arrica. German South-West Africa: Great Namaqua-
land; Gamokab, Schinz,898; Karukab, Schinz, 899 ; Groot Fontein,
Dinter, 700. 3

1410. Adenocline stricta, Prain [ Euphorbiaceae-Crotoneae]; species
A. ovalifoliae, Turcz., quam maxime affinis sed caulibus rigidis
internodiis abbreviatis foliisque sessilibus cum stipulis foliaceis
basi confluentibus facillime distinguenda.

Herba dioica ; caules erecti, basi lignosi superne stricte virgatim
ramosi, 20-22 cm. alti, internodi 0°8-1'2 cm. longi. Folia alterna,
sessilia, firme membranacea, oblonga vel oblongo-lanceolata, acuta,
basi lata ibique stipulis confluentia, margi out ta, 0°8-1°2 cm
longa, 5-6 mm, lata; stipulae foliaceae foliis ipsis parum minores
5-8 mm, longae, 4-5 mm. latae. Flores masculi nondum visi; feminei
solitares, oppositifolii, pedicellati, pedicellis abrupte reflexis. Calyx
a segmenta lanceolata, margine serrata, reflexa.
Ovarium glabrum, Capsula 3 mm. lata, 3-dyma, laevis.

outH Arrica. Coast Region: Bredasdorp Div.; Riet
Fontein Poort, near Elim, 30-60 m., Bolus, 8603 ; Schlechter, 9694.

XLI—HOLLOW TREES.
W. J. Bran.

There is no doubt that hollow places in the trunks and limbs of
trees formed by decay are better filled up. If the cavity be a large
one the appearance of the trunk is theréby improved, and if it be
small and properly treated decay is often arrested and new bark
encouraged to grow over the filled up cavity. It prevents the
entrance and accumulation of moisture, and thereby removes one of
the chief predisposing conditions of decay.

The majority of such decayed hollows have their origin in snags
left by branches broken off that have rotted back into the trunk

accident, should always be sawn off close to the trunk, and the sawn
surface should then be coated over with ordinary coal tar. If a
snag or stump is left the bark cannot grow over it; damp, fungoid
parasites and decay sooner or/later follow and gradually find their
their way towards and eventually into the trunk. Such is the
most frequent beginning of cavities\in the limbs and trunks of
trees. The coating of tar renewed every two or three years, makes
the wound watertight and fungus-proof ; ‘its object being to serve as

temporary bark until a new natural covering is formed. It is
certain that the life of many trees, historically famous or otherwise
notable, might be much prolonged if a close watch against the
intrusion of decay into the trunks and main branches was maintained.

With regard to hollows that have already formed the following
treatment is recommended :—First clean out all the decayed
material, especially the soft brown crumbling wood and the soppy

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mass frequently found at the bottom. Sound dead wood that has
become dry and hard does not matter. Then wash the surface of
the wood that is left exposed with a strong solution of carbolic

be surfaced with cement. In the case of black trunks lampblack
may be mixed with the outer layer of cement or it may be dusted
over thickly with soot whilst wet. An intelligent workmen may be
able also to imitate the characteristic corrugations or markings of
the trunk,

These, however, are mere refinements. The chief points are, the
keeping out of moisture and the provision of a surface over which

e new bark may grow. a tree is in a state of vigorous
growth, as many hollow trees are, the bark will in time close over
the “ stopping.” But unless some surface is provided on which the
new wood can set itself it forms the thickened rolls seen in the
beech tree of the picture. In very hollow trees open on one side a
curious spiral growth of wood is sometimes seen in place of these
thickened rolls which is due to the new wood continually being
deposited on its own inner surface. A remarkable example of this
curious growth is exhibited in No. [V. Museum at Kew, presented
by Lord Iveagh. It is a section of elm trunk that was so hollow as
to be merely a shell a few inches thick. On one side of the trunk
was a longitudinal slit. The tree appears to have a good growth and
to have made vigorous efforts to close up the opening, but having no
surface on which to deposit the new wood and bark and thus bridge
over the gap between the two lips, it eventually formed by its con-
tinual growth on the inner side two remarkable spirals suggesting
a pair of scrolls.

XLIIL—DECADES KEWENSES.
PLanTaARuM Novarum IN Herpsario Hort Reait.

DECAS LXVI.

“2% 651, Mahonia confusa, Sprague [Berberidaceae]; affinis M. For-
tunei, Fedde, a qua rhachi supra jugum supremum foliolorum
producta, foliolis latioribus numerosioribus differt.

Planta circiter 1:2 m. alta, Caulis nitidulus, superne in sicco
: oli

ee

340

6-10 om. longa, 1°5-2 cm. lata, basi trinervia ; foliola infima stipulis
quam maxime approximata, circiter 3°5 cm. longa ; stipulae patentes,
anguste subulatae, 0°8-1'5 em. longae. Racemi 4-7, circiter 9 cm.
longi; bracteae cymbiformes, leviter deflexae, 3°5 mm. longae ;
pedicelli circiter 2 mm. longi. Sepala exteriora circiter 2 mm,
longa, media et interiora circiter 4:5 mm. longa, medio 5-7-nervia.
Petala obovata, trinervia, 3°5 mm. longa. Stamina 2°5 mm, longa;
filamenta 1°5 mm. longa, edentula. Ovula 2, collateralia, Bacca
caerulescenti-nigra, disperma, in sicco 7-8 mm. longa. Semina
compresso-pyriformia, circiter 7 mm, longa. Mahonia Fortune,
Fedde in Engl. Jahrb. vol. xxxi. p. 130, quoad Henry 3117, non
Berberis Fortunei, Lindl.

Cuina. Hupeh: Ichang, Henry, 3117, 33514. Western
Hupeh, Wilson, 2680. Szechuan: Mt. Omi, Wilson, 3143.

Mahonia Fortunei, Fedde, has leaves with 3-6 pairs of
narrow leaflets, the terminal leaflet being inserted between the
uppermost pair. Mahonia confusa has 6-9 pairs of leaflets, and the
terminal leaflet is separated from the uppermost pair by an inter-
node of the rhachis. It is singular that the two species should have
been confused, since the insertion of the terminal leaflet has been
used in the key to the species given by Fedde in Engl. Jahrb. vol.
XXxi, p. 79,

652. Crotalaria (Calycinae) Meeholdii, Dunn [Leguminosae-
Genisteae]; affinis C. capitatae, Benth., foliis oblongis basi
rotundatis nec oblanceolatis basi cuneatis differt.

Herba perennis, 1:2 m. alta, rhizomate lignoso. Caules pauci,
apice ramis brevibus florigeris muniti, inferne sub anthesi nudi,
molliter (praesertim supra) hirsuti. Folia anguste oblongo-linearia,
apice basique acuta vel obtusa, apiculata, 4-6 cm. longa, brevissime
petiolata, margine paullo revoluta, integra, chartacea, supra praeter
costam glabra, subtus et in margine pilis longis sparsis vestita ;
stipulae lineares, deciduae. Inflorescentia 50 cm. longa, 6-8 cm
lata. Racemi densi, 3-4 cm. longi, in ramis 8-10 cm. longis basi
paucifoliatis, | Flores subsessiles, bracteolis linearibus. Calyx
bilabiatus, extus dense et longe villosus, 1°3 cm. longus, lobis lineari-
lanceolatis acutis tubo bis longioribus. Corolla caerulea, calyce vix
longior ; vexilli lamina rotundata, basi squamis 2 deflexis instructa,
apice extus parce sericea, ungue basi linea arcuata albo-toumentosa
ornato ; alae oblongae, transverse rugosae ; petala carinae margine
antica albo-tomentosa. Ovarium sessile, glabrum. Legumen calyci
aequilongum.

Inpia. Assam: Naga Hills; Shibong, 900 m., Meebold, 7548.

653. Begonia (Hydristyles) Cuninghamei, Sprague [Begoniaceae] ;
affinis B. Bridgesii, A. DC., a qua foliis majoribus longius
petiolatis distinguitur.

Herba 5 . alta, radice fibroso.. Caulis fere e basi ramosus,
erectus, teres, laevis, glaber, inferne circiter 8 mm. diametro sordide
rubellus, superne viridulus ; internodia 6-9 cm. longa. Folia
oblique elliptico-ovata, sat abrupte acute acuminata, apice sub-
recurva, basi inaequaliter cordata, juniora utrinque praesertim supra
nitida, supra impresso-punctata, adulta 12-16 cm. longa, 6°5-9°5 em.
lata, basi palmatim 10-1l-nervia, margine leviter recurvo setuloso-
serrulato, serrulis aliis apicem folii aliis basin folii spectantibus,

341

supra concava, opaca, fin nervis leviter impressis saree ait
subtus convexa nervis mesophylloque contiguo necnon venulis plus
minus sanguineis, ceterum pallide viridia, subtiliter albido-punetata;
petioli 3-7 cm. longi, nitiduli, leviter rubelli; stipulae oblongae,
2-3 em. longae, apice rotundatae, apiculatae, | basi truncatae postice
lus minus cuspidatae, juventute postice circa caulem connatae,
antice liberae, arcte imbricatae, ici eae pallide virides,
nonnunquam leviter sanguineo - tinctae. Cymae unisexuales ;
pedunculus 8-12 cm. longus, glaber, eaballns bracteae late
Pr circiter 7 mm. longae, inconspicue ciliatae ‘vel denticulatae,
mem aceae, caducae. lores albi vel plus minus roseo-tincti.
ance = ter bifurcatae, deinde monochasiales. Perianthii segmenta
2, late ovata, basi subcordata, apice rotundata, circiter 1 cm,
diametro. Stamina circiter 60, toro brevi insidentia; filamenta
inaequalia, 1-2 mm. longa ; antherae obovato-oblongae, 1-1'3 mm.
ongae, connectivo maximo apice rotundato loculos 0°2-0'4 mm.
superante, loculis lateralibus 0°7—-0°8 mm. longis. Cymae Q ter vel
ifurcatae, deinde monochasiales. Perianthit segmenta 5,
elliptiod-oblings vel ovato-elliptica, exteriora circiter 1:1 cm. longa,
7°5 mom. lata, interiora minora, intimum saepe minimum. Osarium
triloculare, trialatum, alis 2 subae equalibus cum ovarii lobis elliptico-
oblongis, ala tertia majore cum ovarii lobo oblique ovata 1°3—-1°7 cm
longa ; placentae bipartitae, utrinque ovuliferae ; styli 3 ima basi
connati, 1 mm. ee basin bifidae vel trifidae, cruribus circiter 1 mm.
supra basin in ramos stigmaticos spirales minusve inaequales
bifidis, fasciis papillarai ‘basi extra continuis
S. America. Bolivia: on the slopes f the Andes, 14° 30’ S.,
540 m. alt. Described from a living plant raised from seeds
-received in 1911 from Mr. H. Clinton Baker of Bayfordbury,
Hertford, The seeds were collected by Mr. Z. Cuninghame.
9359 654, Gentiana minuta, N. £. Brown [Gentianacene-Swertieae] ;
affinis G. infelici, Clarke, sed multo minor, floribus plus quam
duplo brevioribus, corolla 5-loba.
Herba perennis, 1 em. alta. Rami radiato-decumbentes, 1-2 cm.
— glabri. Folia sessilia, omnia caulina, patula, 2-3 mm. longa,
1°5 mm. lata, lanceolata vel ovato-lanceolata, subobtusa, glabra.
Flores ig mirc ‘terminales, sessiles, 4:5 mm. longi. Calyx 5-lobus,
laber ; tubus 2 mm, longus, 2°5 mm. diametro, campanulatus ; lobi
recurvi, 1-1°3 mm. longi et lati, ovati, acuti. Corolla a
atients 5-loba, glabra, fauce squamis coronata ; tubus 3 mm.
longus ; lobi 1°5 mm, longi et lati, suborbiculati, apice rotundati ;
squamae 1 mm. longae, lanceolatae, ‘acutae.
Inp1a. Himalaya: at Tunkra Pass, August, Hooker fil. and
n.

This is one of the smallest Pas. of the genus, and was found
mixed in moss with a species o

655. Polygonum (Cephalophilon) acse Dunn [F olzeonacennls ;
ab omnibus ceteris hujus sectionis foliis palmatis Beige

Herba elata, robusta, caule terete striato icles petiolis
venisque foliorum supra et subtus ut ee Com florum
tomento sparso stellato et pilis strigosis vestito, Folia praeter
suprema palmata, circumscriptione rotundata, cordata, dimidio vel

25633 C

342

altius in lobos 5-7 incisa, ad 25 cm. longa, papyracea, lobis ovatis
acuminatis basi contractis, sinubus rotundatis ; ; petioli foliis
aequilongi vel longiores ; ocreae ovatae, Sean laxae, eciliatae.
Racemi capituliformes, globulares, 0°8—1 em. longi, in ramis longis
gracilibus paniculi terminalis instructi. Flores congesti, sub bractea
quaque terni, 2-3 mm. longi, bracteolis 4 suffulti ; bracteae flores
excedentes, lineares, basi paullo expansi, decurrentes sed non
tubulares; bracteolae ovatae, practer cilias in mar s
glabrae, floribus breviores. Pocianthiin 5-lobum, lobe Laie
tubo aie breviorsbns. Stamina ve in tubo ansorta. Ovarium

revior.
Inp am: Rte Barak, 1200-1500 m. Meebold,
5730 ; Shisiehat Meebold, 4790

656. Helicia Kingiana, Prain Pviaacead] ; — Hf, robustae,
Wall., proxima, differt foliis margine integris squamis hypogynis in
eupulam margine dentatam connatis, perianthioque crassiore

Arbor 15-20-metralis, caule 3-4-5 dm. crasso, ramis ‘patalig;
ramulis crassis laevibus, fusco-cinereis vel fere atris summis
distincte angulatis; glaberrima. Folia sessilia vel subsessilia,
coriacea, obovata vel lliptico-obovata, apice rotundata vel breve
obtuse vel retuse acuminata, versus basin cuneatim attenuata,
margine integra, 15-25 cm. longa, 6 11 cm. lata, supra pallide
viridia, siccitate saturate olivacea, subtus siccitate purpurec-
brunnea, utrinque opaca ; costa crassa utrinque elevata, nervi
laterales utrinsecus 10-12 imis fere a basi obliquis, ceteris arcuatim
ascendentibus, venae transversae prominulae irregulariter areolatae.
Racemi eerie rigidi, sub quoque folio = e nodis defoliatis
singuli, ad 3 ongi; peduncuii crassi 4-5 mm. longi pedicellos |
binos 4°5-6 mm. B bepes gerentes ; bracteae fiisestaajae minutae,
erectae, caducae. Peranthium in alabastro 3°5-4 cm. longum,
crassum, apice angulatum ; ‘hg eam eraser in cupulam margine
minute ——— 1-15 mm, longam connatae. Stamina filamentis

a utrinque leviter attenuatus, unolateraliter obtuse

riatus, 3-4 cm. longus, 2-3 em. latus, seclen laevi 2 mm.
$80. en drupa conforme, See membranacea

LAY PEentnsuta. Perak: Near Eee 250-300 m., King’s

Man
Collector 3714, 3881, 3617. Ge
besnass a unong Batu Pateh, 1200 m., Wray,

657. Helicia rufescens, Prain [Proteaceae]; species _nulli
manifeste similis, ab H. velutina, rain, quacum = racemis —
pubescentibus congruit petiolis racemisque multo longioribus differt,

Arbor 18- ~24-metralis, caule 6 dm, crasso, ramis sata, ramulis
crassis fusco-cinereis summis rufo-tomentosis. Folia distincte
petiolata, sub-coriacea, obovata vel late oblanceolata, apice
» Margine integra, 15-30 em. longa, 6-11
supra saturate viridia, siccitate saturate olivacea, juvenilia
hervis costaque rufo-pubescentia mox glabra, subtus rubro-

aqu
brunnescentia juvenilia dense rufo-pubescentia, utrinque opaca ;

343

costa utrinque elevata ; nervi laterales utrinsecus 16-20, inferiores
Pe peralieli rectinseuli, eb neti in ds minusve serge.

9 mm. longos ee reeiens bracteae a ovatae, minutae.
Perianthium in alabastro 1-12 cm, longum, lobi sub anthesin
spiraliter torti, intus glabri; squamae hypogynae liberae, obtusae,
glabrae. Stamina filamentis gracilibus 1 mm. aes connectivo
obtuso apiculato, antheris linearibus 2°5-3 mm. lon Ovarium

pate =! 2-3 mm. crasso, Semen drupa conforme, testa mem-
ranacea

Matay Peyinsuna. Perak: Larut and Thaiping, 150-450 m.,
King’s Collector, 4213, 4939, 5096, 8604. Waterfall Hill and Tapai,
Wray, 2083, 30

658. Helicia velutina, Prain [Proteaceae]; species nullo adhuc
descripto apte comparanda; ab H. rufescenti, Prain, quacum
racemis pubescentibus congruit petiolis racemisque manifeste
brevioribus differt

Arbor 15- 90-metralis caule 2°5-3°3 dm. crasso, ramulis crassis
cinereis, striatis, summis minute cinereo-puberulis, Folia breve
petiolata, chartacea, late oblanceolata, apice subabrupte acuminata,
asi cuneata subdecurrentia, margine integra parum recurva,
10-20 em. longa, 4-7 cm. lata, supra Taete viridia, siccitate olivacea,
subtus plumbea nisi costa. parce pubescente glabra, utrinque
nitidula ; 3; costa utrinque prominula ; nervi laterales utrinsecus 14-16

pra impressi, subtus elevati recti, paralléles intra marginem
anastomosantes ; venae irregulariter areolatae ; petiolus 1-1*5 cm,
longus, basi pulvinatus. Aacem? saepius e nodis annotinis singuli

bracteae lineares, 7-8 mm. longae ; bracteolae lineares, 4-5 mm
longae. Perianthium in alabastro breve crasseque clavatum, 5 mm,
longum, intus glabrum; squamae hypogynae liberae, minutae,
truncatae, glabrae. Stamina filamentis obsoletis, connectivo breve
apiculato, antheris oblongis. Ovartum em rum, ovoideum ; stylus

Maptay Peninsuta. Perak: Larut ; " Gunong Bubu, 600-
750 m., King’s Collector, 7316.

659, Philodendron Broadwayi, N. EF. Brown [ Aroideae-Philoden-

ayi,
aera aflinis P, Schotti, C. Koch (P. pecker Schott, nee C,
och), sed internodiis o ngioribus et foliis triplo vel quadruplo

Folorwn petioli 7-15 ¢ agers sane “a usque ad apicem late
vaginati ; laminae 8- 30 ¢ a es 5*5-12°5 em. latae, og te

_rotundatae, utrinque glabr ae ; - nervi primarii utrinque 6-9,

25633 oo

s

344

patentes, leviter curvati. Pedunculi solitarii, 3-4 cm. longi.
Spatha inaperta (immatura?) 7 cm. longa, basi leviter ellipsoideo-
inflata et 1-5 cm. crassa, glabra.

West Inpres. Island of Tobago; climbing upen a shrub in
a cool shaded place at Englishman’s Bay, April 15, 1912. W. £.
Broadway, 3880.

As the names Philodendron Schottii, ©. Koch, and P. lingulatum,
©. Koch, appear to-have been overlooked by Engler and other
authors, and are not included in the Index Kewensis, it may not be
out of place to record their establishment here.

P. lingulatum, C. Koch, was published in “ Appendix Gen. et Sp. .
quae in Hort. Bot. Berol. coluntur,” 1855, p. 2, which may have been
issued at the end of 1855 or early in 1856. The species was founded
upon Arum lingulatum, Linn., as to the diagnosis of Linnaeus and
Plumier’s figure (t. 37), which he quotes, but not as to the other
references given by Linnaeus, and is unmistakably described by
C. Koch. The same plant was described by Schott in 1856 as
P. dispar.

appears to have considered that his P. lingulatum had the prior
claim to recognition, since in Ender, “ Index Aroidearum,” pp. 61
an

see before that of Schott, it a pears to me that his namé dhaald
retained by preference, the Lise being the synonomy of
the two species :—

Pp. leer dase C. Koch, in Appendix Gen. et Sp. Nov. quae in Hort.

= erol coluntur, 1855, p. 2. P. dispar, Schott, Synop.

, roid., p. 79 (1856), and Prod. Aroid., p. 233. Arum lingula-

um, Linn., Sp. Pl. ed. 2, p. 1371. Arum scandens, maximum,
Store flavescente, Plumier, Pl. Amer., vol. i, p. 26, t. 37.

P, Schottii, C. Koch, in Ender, Index Aroid., pp. 63 and 61 (1864).

£. lingulatum, Schott, Synop. Aroid., p. 77, and Prodr. Aroid.,

p. 225. Phyllitidi scandenti affinis minor (et major) graminifolia,
§c., Sloane, Voy. Jamaica, vol. i, p. 75, t. 27, figs. 2-3.

345

660, Xanthosoma cordifolium, NV. E. Brown Ps Bape. 28 gest aser erg
affinis X, sagittaefolio, Schott, sed foliis obtusissime rotun
cordatis et spadice organis neutris clavatis carente longe differt,

Herba perennis. Foliorum petioli 4°5-6°5 dm. longi, ad apicem
vaginato-canaliculati, virides, eink cnisiae marginati ; lamina
deflexa, 4°5-6 dm. longa, 3°5-4 dm. lata, cordato-ovata, acuta,
lobisbasalibus staumnsiong rotundatis, a undulatis,
supra viridis, subtus pallidior; venae primariae _utrinque
8-10, costae basales in sinu_breviter Jem datoia pluri-ramosae.
Pedunculus 20-25 cm. longus, 1 cm. crassus, viridis. Spathae
tubus 6-6°5 cm. longus, ellipsoideus, viridis, purpureo-marginatus ;
lamina 15-17 cm. longa, 7 em. lata, oblonga, acuminata, basi sub-
reflexa, superne adscendens, concava, pallide flavescens, purpureo-
marginata. Spadix 15-16 cm. longus, parte feminea 2°5-3 cm. longa
cylindrica ‘pallide viridi, parte neutra 4-4°5 cm, longa, cylindrica

RITISH ei Described from a living plant sent from
British Guiana in 1898 to the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, where
it flowered in July of 1900 and 1901.

Xanthosoma pilosum, C. Koch, and x Holtonianum, Schott. These
two species properly belong to, the genus Caladium, and have been
so transferred in the Botanical Magazine, under t. 8402, where, how-
ever, the name Holtonianum has (by a Gael error) been spelt
a ae They should in future be know —

Caladium pilosum, NV. £. Brown (Nenthosoma: ea C. Koch).
- Caladium Holtonianum, NV. /. Brown (Xanthosoma Holtonianum,

yee tt).

XLITI—THE FULLER'S TEASEL.
(Dipsacus Fullonum, 1.)
W. Davirmore.

Early in the present year a communication was received at Kew
from Mr. George E. North, of Messrs. Wm. North and Sons,
teasel merchants, Gelderd Road, Leeds, respecting the increasing
difficulty of obtaining a regular supply of teasels of English
growth, read asking whether it would be practicable to cultivate
the plant under glass, or whether a better cultural method could
be suggested than the one now practised, whereby it might be pos-
sible to grow the plant as a paying crop with more certainty than
at present, and so check the serious falling off in the production of
teasel heads which has occurred during late yea

Subsequently I was instructed by the Diroctor: to cies Mr. North
for the purpose of discussing the past and present positions of the
teasel business, with a view to formulating suggestions on the lines
indicated above, and the results of that interview and of a
enquiries made elsewhere are embodied in the following notes.

Teasels of commerce are the dry flower heads of Dipsacus
Fullonum, L., gathered about the time when the seeds are fully

346

grown. The plant is a well-known biennial which is widely dis-
tributed in Europe, and is included in the British Flora. During
the first year of its life a tuft of bright green leaves, which may
be anywhere between 6 and 15 inches long, is formed, and the fol-
lowing year a central stem rises to a height of from 3 to 6 feet.
This branches freely, and each division is terminated with a flower
head. The flowers, which open during July and August, are regu-
larly interspersed with strong, wiry, curved bracts, which, when dry,
have considerable elasticity. e uniform developnrent of these
ot and their subsequent ripening decides the value of the

8.

A great deal of difference is noticeable in the size of the heads
borne by individual plants. The central one which terminates the
main axis is always the largest, and is sometimes called a “king
teasel,” e next in size are found at the ends of the principal
branches and are called “queens ;” whilst minor branches bear
smaller heads, which are distinguished as “‘ princes” or ‘‘ buttons.”

finish to cloth depends entirely on the regularity and evenness of
the teasel hooks, it will be seen at once that damage through bad
ripening, or other causes, adversely affects the monetary value of
the crop. An idea of the nicety with which the heads have to be
arranged for different classes of work may be gathered from the
fact that Messrs. North sort them into 70 different sizes before dis-
tributing them to their customers. }

Although several countries include the teasel amongst their
agricultural crops, it is usually regarded as a minor one, and the
areas under cultivation are restricted, therefore a shortage in any
one country results in an all-round rise in price. France has,
perhaps, the largest acreage, and French-grown heads have a higher
reputation than those grown in other countries, In addition to
oe and France, teasels are grown in Germany and the United

tates.

According to Syme, “British Botany,” ed. 3, vol. iv, p. 248,
the culture and use of the teasel was introduced to England by
foreign artisans about the reign of Richard I., and the plant has
been grown regularly since the days of Edward III. ‘The crop,
however, has ‘always been looked upon as a precarious one, and

earliest days until the cloth-manufacturing centres were moved to
the Yorkshire coalfield. About that time teasel-growers moved
northwards also, and teasel-growing in Yorkshire has been carried
on more or less successfully to the present day ; a sequence of bad

347

is done by spade labour.

An early account of teasel-growing in the British Isles is given
in Johnson’s edition of “ Gerard’s Herball or Generall Historie of
Plantes,” published in 1633. Two varieties are referred to, “tame”
and “wild,” the former corresponding with the Fuller’s teasel of
the present day.

In 1640 John Parkinson, in his “Theatrum Botanicum,” refers
to three kinds of teasels, “ garden or manured,” “ wild,” and “ cut-
leaved.” _ According to present day nomenclature these may be

“ The first is onely manured and sowen in gardens or fields for the
clothmakers use, by raysing the wooll of cloth with the crooked
prickles of the heads, make it fit for their sheeres to cut it smooth
and thereby leave a fine nappe thereon pleasing to all.”

Philip Miller, in the first edition of his “ Gardeners’ Dictionary,”
published in 1731, recommends that teasels should be grown alone.
The practice had evidently been followed of growing a thin crop
of corn with the plants for the first year, such as is done in
some places at the present time. He gives the yield as 150 staves
to the acre and the price as 1s. a stave.

The Rev. Wm. Hanbury, in vol. ii, p. 126, of his Complete Body
of Gardening,” published in 1771, describes three kinds of teasels,
“fullers,” “jagged-leaved,” and “small-leaved,” and gives the
method of cultivation adopted for the first-named. The salient
points are as follows: Seeds were to be sown broadcast at the
rate of one to one and a half pecks to the acre in March. When
the young plants were large enough to be seen well, they were
to be thinned out to from 12 to 18 inches apart each way, and the
ground between hoed over. Several subsequent cleanings, and
thinning if necessary, were recommended, and the heads were to be
cut during the second August of the plant’s life. A good crop tied
in bundles was at that time worth 8/. an acre.

A good account of teasel-growing in England is given by Johnson
and Sowerby in “ Useful Plants of Great Britain,” pp. 139-140.
Teasel cultivation in France is dealt with in the “Journal of the
Royal Society of Arts” for December 15th, 1911, pp. 128-129;
and a good account of teasel culture in the United States may
be found in “ Bailey’s Cyclopedia of American Agriculture,” vol. u,
pp. 636-638,

The cultural methods adopted by Mr. North are as follows :—

Land is hired from farmers for the cultivation of one crop at the
rate of 61. per acre per year. Ground which will produce good
wheat is considered most suitable for teasels, and, when possible,
a crop of wheat is followed by teasels ; the ground being well wor
but not manured. Seeds are drilled into the ground in March of
one year for the succeeding year’s crop. In June the ground is

348

weeded, and any vacancies which may occur in the lines made up.
In July the ground is again weeded and the plants are thinned
out. In October a further cleaning of the ground and loosening of
the surface soil takes place. Nothing more is done until March,
when the ground is again loosened. At this time the plants are
finally thinned, the stronger ones being left about three feet
apart each way. Those taken out are used to fill up any gaps
caused by death through damp or frost during winter. In Maya
final cleaning is given, and during the next two months a strict watch
is kept in view of a possible attack by caterpillars. The harvest
takes place during August and September. When the time

and tied up into staves or bundles ready for sale. A bundle of
heads varies considerably in price, the poorer ones being as low as
35s. and the best ones as high as 24/. Some factories use about
three bundles a month, and Mr. North estimates the annual value of
the heads used in this country at about 15,0001.

or comparison with the method of cultivation adopted in England
the following extracts bearing upon the cultivation in France and
the United States are taken from the above-mentioned articles. In

nz grown to a small extent in Clackamas County, Oregon. The
cost of growing is there given as twopence a pound for dried heads

349

and the selling price as fourpence a pound. In America it is usual
to sow the seeds in drills 3 to 3% feet apart with a thin crop of corn,
The corn is gathered and the straw left standing to afford some
protection from snow during winter. The plants are eventually
thinned to eight or ten inches apart in the rows and harvesting
takes place in a similar manner to that adopted in England. The
average crop is 100,000 heads to the acre (about the same as in
England), and the price in New York State is from 90 cents to one
dollar a thousand, although it may drop to 50 cents or rise to two
dollars, One thousand heads are said to weigh ten pounds.
Regarding teasel culture in England there appear to be two-
critical periods. One is during winter when many plants are killed
y inclement weather and the ‘other is during the harvest when a
period of wet weather may partially or wholly ruin the crop, On
account of this Mr. North suggests indoor cultivation. In support
of his suggestion he has grown a few plants indoors and produced
heads which other papers: pronpunnes to be equal in quality to the
best French heads. On the other hand his experiment was not on a
sufficiently large scale iy ie able to form an opinion as to the
financial result. In the absence of experience one would be

for the gross average income from an acre of teasels is said to

about £70, and this after the ground has been occupied for
18 months, ‘including two summers. An acre of glass built in the
cheapest possible way would mean a considerable outlay ; the soil
would require to bé renewed frequently, or additional expense
would have to be incurred by pales portable houses ; wear and
tear would be a heavy item; the plants would need more cultural
attention than when grown outside a there would be a greater
risk of injury by insect pests. The method of culture might,
however, prove suaseesse) but one would recommend caution and

scheme were underta

There appears good r reason to suppose that better results might
be obtained by moving the cultural area from Yorkshire and the
western counties to Essex and Hertfordshire and perhaps Norfolk
and Suffolk. These counties have a drier winter and usually a
sunnier summer and autumn, whilst there is plenty of suitable
ground, It also seems that experiments might be conducted
with a view to obtaining a race which would stand the winter well,
for plants full of vigour in spring might be expected to mature
earlier than those which had suffered in winter and by advancing
the harvest by one or two weeks the crop might sometimes be saved.
Experiments ought also to be made with a view to saving the ground
for one summer. By sowing seeds thinly on a small area of ground,
a crop of corn could be taken from the rest and the teasels planted
out in autumn. What saving could be effected by this et or
whether there would be any etic can, of course, only be deter-
mined by experiments. Efforts have been made to breed teasels
yielding heads of particular sizes but without any definite results,
and Mr, North finds from his experience that the best plan is to
select seeds from well grown heads, then all the sizes can be obtained
from the crop.

350

Should any farmer wish to experiment with the cultivation of
teasels in the eastern counties, Mr. North has expressed his
willingness to supply the necessary seed free of cost.

ollowmg Return, showing the value of teasels imported
into the United Kingdom from France, Germany, and the United
States during the years 1910 and 1911, has been supplied by the
Statistical Office of the Custom House, London.

Country whence consigned. Year 1910. Year 1911.
£ £
France are aes nes ive 4,987 8,681
Germany nee ee ey nm 110 295
United States... ... se ves 1,326 349

Briefly, the conclusions arrived at may be summarised as follows :—

According to the present outlook a steady demand for teasel heads
is likely to continue, although it is doubtful whether there is much
room for expansion in the world’s production.

The cultivation of the teasel ought not to be allowed to drop in
England, and experiments should be made with a view to finding
the most suitable localities, the most economical method of culture,
and a strain of plants which will winter well.

armers in the most suitable districts should be encouraged to
undertake teasel-growing on a small scale, but it would be unwise
for anyone to make it the sole, or even the principal crop, for
although a well-gathered harvest of heads may be expected to
result in good prices, so much depends on the weather at harvest
time, that the crop must always be looked upon as risky.

Glass-house culture is worth a trial but it is probable that it
will be found to be too expensive to be generally adopted.

XLIV.—MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.

Mr. Frank Birkinsuaw, a member of the gardening staff of
the Royal Botanic Gardens, has been appointed by the Secretary
of State for the Colonies, on the recommendation of Kew, Assistant
Agricultural Superintendent in St. Vincent, West Indies.

W.R. GuitroyLe.—We regret to notice the death, on J une 26th
last, of Mr. W. R. Guilfoyle, for many years Director of the
Melbourne Botanic Garden, Australia.

e was born in Chelsea, but went out to Australia early in life,
and his first botanical appointment of importance was as botanist to
Challenger, during her cruise among the South Sea Islands,

In 1873 Mr. Guilfoyle succeeded the late Baron Ferdinand von
Mueller as Director of the Melbourne Gardens, and it has been
owing s skill in landscape gardening that the gardens have
attained their present beautiful condition.

351

Landscape gardening was his oneal: métier, and appears to
have been an inherited faculty from his father, who laid out man y
important gardens in England and in Sydney.

During the thir en years of his Directorship, which he resigned
in September, 1909, the changes in the garden were profound ;
lawns have splined aphbes formerly wilderness, vistas have
- been opened up which have given a great air of spaciousness to the
grounds, and swamps have been transformed into lakes. . In addition
to his purely garden work the plant collections were enlarged to
14,000 species, and a special collection of Australian Acacias and
Eucalypts was formed.

he garden, to which he was devoted and which owes so much to
his skill and foresight, forms a lasting memorial to his work.

Guide to the Royal Botanic Gardens.—The “ Official Guide ” to the
Royal Botanic Gardens has long been out of print, and to meet
the need of some publication dealing with the ogtledtiots of living
plants a new guide entitled a “ Popular Official Guide” has been
prepared and recently published.

The guide consists of 104 pages of text with map and index.
The map and key plan is taken from the latest survey and indicates
the position of the more important collections. Wherever reference
is made in the text to particular plants its approximate position on
the map is indicated and can easily be found by means of the
squares into which the map is divi

The guide is divided into sections, Means of approach to the
gardens and the general arrangement of the plants occupy the
opening paragraphs, which are followed by a short Historic Notice
of about twelve pages, in which the gradual development of the
gardens is trace

The collections are then described in some detail under the
headings “ Botanic Gardens,” comprising the portions of the grounds

i eu nd “ Arbor

and cross references to similar plants in other parts of the gardens
are gi ven.

he glass houses are described in order of their numbers. In the
portion devoted to the museums only the more important products
of economic interest are mentioned, and as a rule only those of such
plants as may be found among the collections of living plants. For
fuller details the guides to the different museums should be
consulted.

The Arboretum is described under four headings for the con-
venience of visitors. The first portion lies between the Kew Road
and the Holly Walk, which contains especially the collection of
Leguminosae and Rosaceae, ‘The Pinetu um, where the collection of
Conifers is to be found, the Lake, and finally the ne aga of the
Arboretum tying bétween the Sion Vista and the Tham

Here are to be found the Oaks, Elms, Poplars, Birches, &e., as
well as the Desiloo Garden, Azalea Garden and Rhododendron
Dell.

352

Botanical Magazine for August.—The plants figured are Hydrangea
Sargentiana, Rehder (t. 8447); Aloe Steudneri, Schweinf. (t. 8448) ;
Muehlenbechia complera, Meisn. (t. 8449); Pyenostachys Dawer,
N. E. Brown (t. 8450); and Agave disceptata, J. R. Drumm.
(t, 8451).

The Hydrangea is one of the many new Chinese plants discovered
by Mr. E. H. Wilson and sent by him to the Arnold Arboretum.
This species.is characterised by the conspicuous covering of bristly
hairs present on its stems and petioles and is thereby easily
distinguished from its nearest ally, //. Rosthornii, Diels. Though a
native of Western Hupeh, at elevations of from 5,000 to 6,000 feet,
several young plants at Kew, which were raised from seed presented
by the Director of the Arnold Arboretum, were killed during the
winter of 1909-10,

Alve Steudneri is a particularly handsome species, with a dense
rosette of leaves about 2 feet Jong, slightly branched peduncles
3 feet high, and pendulous flowers about 2 inches long, deep red,
rose-pink, and dark yellow. It is a native of Eritrea and Abys-

sinia, and was first introduced into European gardens by Prof.

Pycnostachys Dawei is a handsome winter-flowering Labiate from

ganda, whence seeds were sent to Kew in 1905 by Mr. M. T. Dawe.
Plants raised from these seeds flowered in January, 1906. It
has now been figured from a specimen received for identification
in December, 1911, from Dr. A. R. Wallace. The deep blue
flowers, arranged in dense heads, are liable to injury at Kew from

ogs.

The Agave was presented to Kew in 1593 by the late Mr, W. B.
Kellock, It was received under the name of A. Leopoldi, Hort.,
and was believed by Mr. Kellock to be a hybrid between A. filifera,
Salmdyck, and A. princeps, Hort. The plant has now flowered,
and proves to be a valid species most closely allied to the group
which includes d. geminiflora, Scannag., and A. angustissima,
ngelm.

Botanical Magazine for September.—The plants figured are
Dendrobium Imthurnii, Rolfe (t. 8452); Columnea glabra, Oerst.
(t. 8453); Berberis verruculosa, Hemsl. & E. H. Wils. (t, 8454) ;
a ee lava, Gilg (t. 8455); and Primula Wattii, King (t. 8456).

endrobium is a distinct new species which was discovered

e
in the island of Efate, one of the New Hebrides, by Sir Everard

353

m who predicted to Kew the plant from which the
material for the e figure was obtained. It is remarkable in its
pseudobulbs, which are sometimes over four feet high. Its

flowers are of medium size, white, with lilac marks on the lateral
lobes of the labellum.

T andsome Columnea is a native of Costa Rica, where it
appears to be one of the commonest species of the genus, and is
found at elevations of from 5000 to 6000 feet. It is a true
epiphyte, and has elliptic-oblong leaves 1-14 in. long, and scarlet
hirsute corollas which when fully expanded are about 3 in. long.

re was prepared from a plant acquired from Mr. Lemoine
of Nancy in 1907.

Berberis verruculosa is a Chinese deal discovered on the
mountains around Tatien-lu in Western Szechuan by Mr. E. H.
Wilson when collecting for Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, who
presented to the Kew collection the plant from which the specimen
figured was procured. It appears to be very hardy, and forms a
dense dwarf bush with stiffly arched branches and dark lustrous
foliage. Its flowers are yellow and are rather large for a Berberis,
and its oblong-ellipsoid berries are purplish-blue, about 4 in. long,
The specific name has reference to the densely verruculose
branches.

Chironia laxa is a pretty species of which a plant flowered last
year in the Cambridge Botanic Gardens, where it had been raised
from seed sent from “Tembuland, Cape Col ony, by Canon Mason.
The material for the figure was received from Mr. Lynch. This
species resembles in folinee’s the well-known C. linoides, Linn., but
the pale magenta corollas have ovate-lanceolate subacuminate
lobes.

Primula Wattii, a Sikkim species, belongs to the section
Soldanelloideae which includes P. Reidii wi, Duthie, P. soldanelloides,
Watt, and P. uniflora, Klatt. It has a scape about 4 in. high,
bearing a dense head of violet flowers with a white mealy eye,
and is distinguished from its allies by the bronze tint of its buds,
the very wide calyx with feasilecl; toothed lobes, the rather
pale white mealy hs of the corolla, and the minute pistil. The

ing was made from a plant lent to Kew for the purpose by
ena R. Gill & Son, Falmouth.

Spices.*—In the Introduction to this recently published work
Mr. Ridley very rightly observes “that the greater part of the
spices that have been valued by man are derived from the Asiatic
Tropics,” and it would also be "aifficult to find a work of fiction or
travel bearing upon the Hast that does not contain some reference
to the subject. Mr. Ridley, from his long connection with the
Eastern Tropics, writes with authority,.and has produced a work
of great value—not alone to the planter, but to those whose business
lies on the commercial side of the question.

# “ Spices,” by Henry N. Ridley, F.R.S , F.L.S., Director of Botanic Gardens,
Straits Settlements. Macmillan & Co., 1912,

354

The historical notes are full of interest, and each subject is fully
dealt with. Such matters as soils, cultivation, diseases, insecticides,
fungicides, collection of the product and its preparation for com-
merce, being included.

e work runs into some 250 pages, and is well printed, but some
of the illustrations are unworthy of inclusion. ere is one
omission, namely, that of the Caraway (Carum Carvi), which is
largely produced in some European countries, and is most certainly
an important spice ; also, it is not conclusive that Corianders are
not still produced in this country on a commercial scale.

J. M.H.

Sisal in Papua.— The following remarks from a sisal expert in
Queensland, reporting on a visit to a plantation in Papua, have
been sent to Kew by a correspondent :—

. 3 . . .
—— (L’ Agriculture pratique des pays chauds), Nos. 101-107,
though no statement to the effect that the articles have appeared
before is made in the brochure itself. ‘The full title of the work is

The work is intended for the . it j in Vi
planter who, it is thought, in view
of the fact that so much of the literature a the genus is deattered

355

through numerous sabbbicmsioc, will find in it a volume easily
accessible ; and as the author has spent ten years in cultivating and

establishing Eucalyptus plantations, his remarks as to the species
which flourished or. otherwise, and the eh! details which

supplied as the outcome of his own experience, should make his
work of value to all who are interested in the planting of Eucalypts.
Whether or not Mr. de Noter i is aware of the Seige bulletins

P
English-speaking people they specially appeal, for in them they
have in their own language-a valuable record of facts relating to
the Eucalyptus, mainly as grown in the United States, which shon

species and the sites and climates best Taaetal for them, remains to
one.

Many allusions to the amelioration of the hygienic conditions of
diskriats where the Hucalyptus has been planted are made by Mr.
de Noter, and in this direction, we are inclined to think, he claims
far too much for it, and in his enthusiasm overlooks some well-

appears to have been done in Algeria in improving the climate of
localities where malaria was often encountered, but whether the

habitable an Malt to In ete res he s ever is
unknown. It certainly should be if the sega oi is performing
the functions claimed for it by some writers. t Professor Liver-

sidge, formerly of the Ovens of Sydney, an drawn attention
to the fact that for many years fevers have prevailed with great
intensity in the Eucalyptus forests of their native land. With refer-
ence to the question of planting Hwcalyptus in order to improve.
the hygienic conditions of certain localities, the article which
appeared in the Kew Bulletin, 1903, pp. 1-10, should be con-
gener

, apart from this, the genus Eucalyptus is in many ways emi-
ae important. For timber, tanning material, and oil, it becomes
more and more valuable. Quite recently (see ature, ce
p- 584), Mr. R. T. Baker, Curator of the Technological ‘Mus
Sydney, who, in collaboration with Mr. H. G. Smith, vrablislaedl i in
1902 an admirable account of the genus, dealing especially with its
essential oils, informed Sir William Thiselton-Dyer that phellandrene
oils—the term applied by chemists to oils which have been discarded
owing to the adoption in Australia of the British Pharmacopoeia
standard, which requires that all eucalyptus-oil offered for sale
should contain not less than 50 per cent. of eucalyptol—for a time

356

regarded as almost useless, are now in great demand in mining
operations. These phellandrene oils, which certain gum trees

percentage of concentrates when employed on the “tailings ” con-
taining particles of minerals which in the past it has not been
possible to extract profitably and satisfactorily. This discovery
will, no doubt, add still greater importance to the genus as a source
of oils.

We append the titles of the publications on Eucalyptus which, in
addition to Mr. de Noter’s work, are especially valuable to those
who are interested in cultivating it on a commercial scale :—

1. McClatchie, A.J. Eucalypts cultivated in the United States.

SS. Dept. Agric. Bureau of Forestry. Bulletin 35.)

Washington (Government Printing Office), 1902. 106
pages and 91 plates. It includes a useful bibliography.

2. Zon, R. & Briscoe, J. M. Eucalypts in Florida, (U.S. Dept.
Agric. Forest Service. Bulletin 87.) Washington, 1911.
47 pages and 5 plates.

3. Ingham, N. D. Hucalyptus m California. (Agric. Exper.
Station, Berkeley, California. Bulletin196.) Sacramento,
1908. 114 pages and 69 figures.

4, Kinney, Abbot. Eucalypius. Los Angeles, California
(Baumgardt & Co.), 1895. 298+vi. pages and 29 plates.

8. A. 5.

St. Vincent Agricultural Department.— We learn that the proposal
brought forward by the Administration for the reorganisation of
the Agricultural Department in St. Vincent has been passed by the
Legislative Council.

Committee of the Ginnery. (3) The system under which the
Agricultural School is conducted is to be altered so as to bring it
into line with that which obtains in Dominica and St. Lucia.

Other changes concerning the Grammar School, Girls Secondary
School, &c., are to ied out in consequence of the alteratio
with regard to the Agricultural School, which should result in
greater efficiency in the educational system of the Colony.

J

Rew Bulletin, 1912.]

i ae

oF
rae te

A 4
07. |

To face page 3:

26431

[Crown Copyright Reserved]

ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW.

BULLETIN

OF

MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION,

No. 8.] (1912.

XLV.—FUNGI EXOTICI: XV.
(With PLATE.)

G. MASSEE.

Of the five new Fungi described, three have been received goed
the Gold Coast, West Africa, and two from Mal aya. All ar
parasitic, but Isaria Pattersonti may be considered a beneficial
parasite, since it attacks injurious sine gee The other species
are injurious parasites on economic plan

ree eae

Pleurotus Colae, Massee (figs. 11-14).

Pileus tenuissimus, primo rsupinnins dein Jateraliter pore
sessilis, tenuiter membranaceus, candidus, puberulus
diametro. amellae paucae (7-12), distantes, tenues, acie sakeinte
concolores, apicem versus venoso-connexae. Sporae subglobosae,
hyalinae, 7-8 : a nu. Basidia clavulata, hyalina, 28-34 x 6-7 p.

GoLp Coa Aburi, on young fruits of Cola acuminata,
Schott. & Endl, W. H. Patterson.

Gregarious on the ay Fe Quite a minute fungus, most nearly
allied to Pleurotus chioneus,

ASCOMYCETES.
Dothidella Pterocarpi, Massee (figs. 5, 6, 9, 10).

e sparsae, orbiculares vat ditformes, determinatae,
arescenti-fuscae, zona obscura cinctae. Stromata in centro
macularum laxe aggregata, matrici innata, ccuedila, atra, nitentia,
subcarbonacea. Ast subcylindracei, apice incrassato-rotun ati,

i modice attenuati, pedicellati, octospori. Sporae oblique
monostichae, ellipsoideae, hyalinae, 1-septatae, 15-18 x
Matayra. Kuala Lumpur, on living leaves of the Anan tree
—Pterocarpus indicus, Willd., C. K. Bancroft.
This fungus closely pee to typical species of Phyllachora in
= eam characters, but differs in having hyaline, 1-septate
The stromata are blackish-brown and ‘polished, resembling
sini drops of pitch sprinkled on brownish patches on oy leaves.
The stromata are situated on the upper surface of the le

(26431—6a.) Wt, 189—808, 1125, 10/12, D&S,

358

The Angsana tree, the host-plant, is grown as an avenue tree
in several towns in the Malay Peninsula. As allied fungi cause
early defoliation, the extension of the parasite should be che¢ked,
which could be accomplished by collecting and burning the fallen,
diseased leaves. If spraying be practicable, half strength Bordeaux
mixture should be applied when the foliage is young, independent

f the appearance of the disease, in those districts where it has
previously existed,
DEUTEROMYCETES.

Diplodia Arecae, Massee (figs. 1-4).

Stromata tuberculoso-subhemisphaerica, 3-4 mm. diametro,
erumpentia ac subsuperficialia, aterrima ; perithecia densiuscule
gregaria, atra, irreeulariter dehiscentia, contextu parenchymatico
pellucido fuligineo. Sporulae ellipsoideae, utrinque obtusatae,
rectac, l-septatae, hyalinae, dein atrofuseac, 28-35 x 15-17 pu.

Goup Coast, Aburi; parasitic on the seed of Areca Catechu, L.,
A, I, Adams,

The nuts, on arrival at Kew, appeared to be perfectly sound and
free from disease, and were placed in a glass jar for exhibition
purposes. After a period of some weeks, black pustules bursting
through the testa were observed on some of the nuts, and in course
of time, almost every nut became more or less thickly covered with
prominent, black warts. In healthy seeds the endosperm is white,
bnt in those that are infected it is converted into a blackish spongy
mass. The endosperm is thoroughly permeated by the dark-coloured
mycelium before the fruit of the fungus bursts through the testa.
The appearance of the seed suggests that infection takes place at a
very early stage of its development, probably through the stigma.

Technically D. Arecae is very close to D. cacacicola, P. Hemn.,
as originally described, but at the present time so many apparently

ifferent forms have been aggregated under the name D. cacaoicolu,
that D. Arecae may possibly be included amongst such, and if so, it is
very important that the fungus on Areca should be diligently sought
out and destroyed by burning, otherwise there is the probability of
its passing on to other host-plants of economic importance, as the
species of Diplodia are not so restricted in their choice of a host as
are some parasitic species of fungi

Isaria Pattersonii, Masse (figs. 15-17).

Stroma effusum, crustaceo-tomentellum, matricem totam externe
atque interne ambiens, cinereum, ubique ramulos erectos multifidos
emittens ; ramuli ex hyphis filiformibus densissime constipatis apice
plus vel minus liberis efformati, Conidia in hypharum apicibus
acrogena, numerosissima, globosa, hyalina, 2 u diametro.

GoLtp Co arasitic on a “scale insect "—Nuzura
viridula, L., W. H. Patterson

‘rom analogy, this fungus must be considered as the conidial
condition of .a species of Cordyceps.

359

The scale insect is a giant of its kind, series about 1 cm, in
length by 17 mm. in breadth.
te aap obovatum, Mas
culae sparsae, orbiculares vel difformes, determinatae, fuscae.
Soak hypophylli, in maculis laxe sparsi, olivacei, ex hyphis
gracilibus rectis vel curvulis parce septatis compositi, 35-45 x
4— —6u. Conidia is utrinque obtusata, 1-3-septata, olivacea,
Spy pons laevi don
ALAYA, ae Enum, on living leaves of Pterocarpus indicus,
Willd., C. K. Bane
This fungus eee on brown spots on the under surface of the
leaf on which Dothidella Pterocarpi occurred on the upper surface,
and may possibly prove to be a conidial condition of that species.

EXPLANATION OF FIGURES.

. 1. Diplodia Arecae, fungus on Areca nut ; nat. s
» 2. Section of Areca nut, permeated shranshon: :# the dark

3 < 8128.
4, Spee es ats fungus, showing various stages of develop-

Pati r Dethtate Pitocrrsn, on leaf of Pterocarpus indicus ; nat.

on of same ; slightly ma

: Helnsuthisporteh obovatum, on ries vel of Pterocarpus ; mag.

. 9 Section of leaf of Pterocarpus, showing Dothidella on the
upper and Helminthosporium on the under surface.

» 10. Asecus of Dothidella; mag

» ll. Pleurotus fiat on the Cola fruit ; nat. size.

w tee tT holds tia

,, 13. Basidia and ae Ee a A Sate ; mag.

5, 14. Section of P. Colae

= 15, t80rid iat sonit, pataaftie on Nuzura viridula ; mag.

, 16. Portion of 7. Pattersonii ; mag.

ae ef Slee of 1. Pattersonii ; mag.

XLVI—DIAGNOSES AFRICANAE: LI.

1411. Macphersonia acutifoliola, 7/ems/. Neotel hare
inter species mihi cognitas gracilitate oliolis apice aculeatis
facile recognoscenda : e M. gracili, O. Hoffm, racemis folia vix

t.

- Frutex novellis pilosulis, ramis florigeris rectis rigidis. Folia,
videtur, cum floribus in apicibus ramorum conferta, paricbipinesta
rhachibus petiolisque pilosulis gracillimis; pinnae 4-5-jugae,
oppositae vel subalternae, “a Ree inaequales, Facies
breviores, longiores, usque ad 10 cm. longae ; foliola 5-20-juga,
conferta, subsessilia, tenuia, outta ciliolata, ceterum glabra, supra
nitida, oblique oblongo-lanceolata, 0°5-1°5 em. longa, aculeato-
apiculata, venis tenuissimis crebris inconspicuis. Flores polygami,
masculi tantum visi, 2-3 mm. diametro, dense simpliciterque
‘racemosi, pedicellis 2-3 mm, longis : ; racemi axillares, 5-10 cm.

26431 A 2

360

Nortn Mapaaascar. Without exact locality, Rev. R. Barron,
6226.

.

obtusa, supra nitida, venis crebris inconspicuis. Flores perparvi
densissime cymosi, distincte pedicellati, pubescentes ; cymae race-

onga,
bd

0

1-1'5 mm, lata. Petala 5, minutissima, fimbriata. Stamina bene

evoluta non visa. Ovarivm hirsutum. Fructus ignotus.
Mapacascar. Without locality, Pervillé.

1413. Landolphia (Jasminochyla) Rogersii, Stap/ [ A pocynaceae-
Plumerioideae]; affinis Z. Buchananii, Stapf, sed partibus juniori-
bus parce pilosulis, foliis lanceolatis, pedicellis ad 5 mm. longis,
corollae tubo quam lobi longiore vel iis vix aequilongo, staminibus
infra medium insertis distincta.

Frutex scandens ; rami juniores graciles, pilis brevibus patulis

paueiflori, cu

cl m pedunculo 1 cm. longo parce pilosuli;. bracteae
oblongo-lanceolatae vel nee :

superiores ovatae, ad 2 mm. longae;_pedicelli

obtusi, ad 7 mm. longi. Stamina infra medium inserta. Ovarium
ovoideum, glabrum ; stylus cum stigmate subcylindrico vix 2 mm.
longus. Fructus ignotus,

Tropica. Arrica. Belgian Congo: Elisabethville ; Lat. 11°
37’ S., Long. 27° 24’ E., Rev. F. A. Rove

__ 1414, Lepidagathis Rogersii, = T'urrill [ Acanthaceae-Acantho-
ideae]; L. anobryae, Nees., affinis, sed foliis brevioribus facile
distinguenda,

361

Caules erecti, teretes, glabri. Folia sessilia, oblonga, apice acuta,
circiter 3 cm, longa, usque ad 2°5 mm. lata, trinervia. Inflorescentiue
congestae, ex ima_ basi éaulinra nascentes; bracteae ovato-
lanceolatae, apice acuminatae, 1°5 cm, longae, 6 mm. latae, steriles
extra plusminusve glabrae, ‘fertiles pubescentes, longe ciliatae ;
bracteolae lanceolatae, acuminatae, 1°5 cm. longae, 3 mm. latae,
pubescentes, longe ciliatae, Sepala 5, ad basin libera, acuminata,
pubescentia, ciliata ; posticum lanceolatum, 18 em. longum, 4 mm.
latum ; antica lanceolata, 1°5 cm. longa, 2°5 mm. lata; lateralia
linearia, 14 cm. longa, 1°5 mm. lata. Corollae tubus partes
8 mm. ‘longus, 1°5 mm. diametro, intra ad faucem sub stamin
insertione annulo pilorum ornatus ; limbus bilabiatus, extra pthc.
cens ; labium anticum trilobatum, 7 mm. longum, 1 cm. latum ;
labium posticum 6 mm. longum, 5 mm. latum, emarginatum. Stamina
4 ad corollae faucem inserta ; filamenta 4 mm. longa, basi ciliata ;
antherae omnes biloculares ; pos granula ellipsoidea, 40 « longa,
30 « lata. Déseus cupulifo 1 mm. altus, ovarium cingens.
Ovarium ovoideum, 2°5 mm, mae m, 15 mm. diametro, glabrum,
loculis uniovulatis ; stylus 9 mm. longus, inferne longe pilosus.

TROPICAL AFRICA. Belgian Congo: Sakania, Rev. F. A.
Rogers, 10,032.

1415. Lepidagathis acicularis, Twrrili [Acanthaceae-~Acantho-

eae|; a a omnibus africanis adhuc_ descriptis foliis
ameularibie differ

Caules tenues, ‘orate, glabri. Folia acicularia, apice acuta,
sessilia, circiter 5 . longa, 0°5 mm. lata, subcoriacea, glabra.
Inflorescentiae soaieting: axillares vel basilares; bracteae lanceo-
latae, acuminatae, 1*7 cm. longae, 2°5 mm. latae, dorso fere glabrae,
longe ciliatae; bracteolae bracteis similes. Sepala 5, asin
libera, acuminata, dorso pubescentia, longe ciliata; posticum
lanceolatum 1°7 cm. longum, 3 mm. latum; antica lanceolata, 17
em. longa, 2°5 mm. lata; lateralia linearia, 1°5 cm. longa, 1 mm.
ata. Corollae ee inferne cylindricus, iP ampliatus, 1 cm.
longus, basi 2°5 . diametro, apice 5 mm. diametro, intus ad
faucem sub staminum insertione annulo slopes ornatus, extra
glaber ; limbus | bilabiatus, extra minute pubescens ; labium anticum
trilobatum, 6 mm. longum, 9 mm. latum, intra pilosum; labium
posticum emarginatum, 5 mm. longum, 4 mm. latum. Stamina 4,
ad faucem sae’ filamenta 4 mm. longa, glabra ; antherae omnes
biloculares ; pollinis granula ellipsoidea, 40 longa, a6 mM ee
Discus cupuliformis, 0°5 mm, altus, ovarium cingens. — Ovari
late ovoideum, 1°5 mm. altum, 1°25 mm. diametro, lotalis uniovu-
latis ; stylus 1 cm. longus, minute glandulosus.

Tropica, Arrica. Northern Nigeria: Lokoja; on top of
Mt. Patti, Dalziel, 139.

1416. eae abyssinica, T'wrrill Gerla eh fenton 7
ideae | ; T.. sericeae, Burkill, valde affinis, foliis oblongis,
corollis ago, foliis bracteolisque rigide pubescentibus 3 differt rt.
Caules erecti, teretes, dense pubescentes. Folia oblonga vel
oblongo-cliptica, apice obtusa, basi rotundata, usque ad 3 em. longa,
1 cm, lata, subcoriacea, pagina utraque rigide adpresse eager
marginibus integra, trinervia, petiolis usque ad 2

362

suffulta. Flores axillares, solitarii, pedicellis usque ad 5 mm.
longis suffulti; bracteolae ovatae, apice - 0 tusae, 1°5 cm. “ona
1 em. latae, extra rigide pubescentes, intra glabrae. Calyx ye
fidus, 2°5 mm. altus, extra minute glandulosus. Corollae_ tubus
cylindricus, superne ampliatus, inferne constrictus, 16 cm. longus,
basi 3. mm. diametro, apice 6 mm. diametro, extra glaber, ee
pilosus ; limbus aequaliter 5-lobatus, lobis 1 cm. longis 9 mm. latis,
apice truncato-retusis, glaber. Stamina 4, filamentis | minute
pendedbsis, antheris inferne barbatis ; duo antica filamentis 6 mm,
longis, antherarum loculo utroque calearato ; duo postica filamentis
4 mm. longis, antherarum loculis superioribus solum calcaratis ;
pollinis granula sphaeroidea, 75 « diametro. Discus 0°5 mm. altus,
integer, ovarium cingens. Ovarium sub-sphaeroideum, 2 mm. altum,
2mm. diametro, glabrum, 4-ovulatum ; stylus 9 mm. longus, glaber ;
stigma bilobatum, lobo postico 2 mm. longo, lobo antico | mm.
longo. Capsula 17 cm. longa, rostro 8 mm. longo, pubescens.
Semina 4, complanata, laevia.

Troricat Arrica. Abyssinia: between Dalbo and Kambata,
April 1910, N. C. Cockburn. th

1417, Thunbergia lancifolia, Anders., in Journ. Linn. Soc. vol. vu.
(1864), p. 19, var. rhodesica, Turvill, var. nov., a planta typica
foliis ellipticis usque ad 3°5 cm. longis 1°7 em, latis, caulibus foltisque
moliter pubescentibus, bracteolis dense et minute glandulosis dis-
tinguenda, : ;

TROPICAL AFRICA. Rhodesia ; between Broken Hill zincmine,
and Bwana M’cuba copper mine, Oct. 1906, C. FE. F. Allen, 298320 ;
Broken Hill, Sept. 1909, Rev. F. A. Rogers, 8540.

1418. Thunbergia Rogersii, §Z'urrill { A canthaceae-Thunberg-
ioideae]; T. angolensi, S, Moore, aftinis, caulibus patentim pubes-
centibus, foliis bracteolisque dense pubescentibus non tomentosis,
bracteolis minoribus differt.

vel elliptico-ovatae, usque ad 2°5 cm. longae, 1:2 cm. latae, extra

Corollae tubus reetus, Superne oblique ampliatus, extra nfinute
glandulosus, intra inferne minute et dense glandulosus, superne
glaber ; limbus glaber, 5-lobatus, lobis rotundatis posticis 8 mm.
longis cm. latis antico lateralibusque uam postici minoribus.

instructis, filamentis inter se aequalibus, 1 cm. longi
pollinis granula sphaeroidea, 70 4 diametro. Discus crassus, 1°5 mm.
altus. Ovarium 2+5 mm. altum, 2°5 mm. diametro, glabrum ;
stylus (cum stigmate) 2 em, longus, superne glandulosus ; stigma
infundibuliforme, barbatum, glandulosumn.

« TroricaL Arrica, Belgian Congo: Elisabethville ; Lat. 11°
rN Long. 27° 24’ E., 1476 m., fev, F. A. Rogers, 10,150,

> nie . =

¢

363

1419. Dalechampia Kirkii, Prain [ Bphorbiacene-Cr otoneae
E

species D. volubili, KE. Mey., quam maxime affinis foliis shinee
saepe 5-lobis stigmatibus dilatatis facillima distinguenda.
Suffrutex caulibus gracilibus volubilibus metralibus parce pubes-

centibus. Folia breve petiolata, firma, profunde 3-partita lobis later-
alibus iterum inaequaliter 2-fidis raro integris ; lobi lanceolati, acuti,
margine argute serrati; lamina basi co ordata, 2°5-4 om. longa,
4—5 em. lata, utrinque nitidula subtus prominenter reticulata, secus
nervos minute pubescens ; petiolus parce pubescens 8 mm. longus ;
stipulae lanceolatae, patentes, glabrae, 3 mm. longae. Flores
capitati ; capitula pedunculo parce pubescente 2°5-5 cm. longo
suffulta ; bracteae involucrantes lutescentes demum virides, 1°8 em
longae, 2°5 em. atae, basi alte cordatae, 3-fidae, lobi ovati, abiiti,
serrati; bracteae maris integrae ; ; calyx maris extra minute puber-
ulus, lobi ovati, acuti ; calycis feminei segmenta lineari-lanceolata,»
utrinsecus dense pinnatim ldeidtlata lacinulae graciles, glandu-
losae, scabridae ; ovariam puberulum ; stylus columnaris, cylindricus,
apice ipso dilatatus, Capsula 3-cocea, pubescens, 8 mm. latus ;
cocci subglobosi. Semina globosa

SourH Arrica. Transvaal: Koomati Poort, Kirk, 60.

420. Drimia ae desig ie C. H. Wright eS

D. macranthae, Baker, affinis, ovarii loculis biovulatis diff

Bulbus ellipticus, 13 em. longus, 6 cm, diametro, velttigifs “Abrosis
foliorum vestitus. olia 12-14 rosulatim disposita, 45 cm. longa,
2 em. lata, lineari-acuminata, glabra, dense tenuiterque venoaa, linea
media pallida 2 om. lata instructa. Pedunculus 60 cm. longus, 1 em
diametro, cylindricus, glaber ; panicula 105 cm. dlta ; ramus
infimus patens, 70 cm. longus; bracteae 12 em. longae, e basi
triangulari 8 mm. lata subulatae ; ; bracteolae ovatae, 4 mm. longae ;
pedicelli subpatentes, 14 mm. longi, tenues, rigidi. Porianthii
segmenta 2 cm. longa, 5 mm. lata, oblanceolata, obtusa, patentia,
alba, nerviis 3 pints instructa, Stamina perianthii segmentis
aequilonga; antherae 4 mm. longae, rubro-brunnae. Ovariun.
trilobatum, 6 mm. seri loculis biovulatis ; stylus brevis.

Native country unknown, probably South Africa ; pene from
a plant Sani Mash ca in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Glasne

Sir F Moore writes “ The ee tatemese!:a are much
branched, over 6 ft. high. The flowers commence to open about
4 or 50 ‘clock in the afternoon, and in the evening the inflorescence
is covered with beautiful white stars. 3 ant was received at
Glasnevin several years ago as “ Leucojum nary: with which it is
totally unconnected.

XLVII.—ADINOBOTRYS OR WHITFORDIODENDRON.
S. T. Dunn.

When publishing the Indo-malayan genus Adinobotrys (K.B.,
1911, p. 193), the writer unfortunately failed to appreciate that the
Philippine genus Whitfordia or Whitfordiodendron, as it was after-
wards called (Whitfordia being pre-occupied by a fungus), published

364

becomes detached from its filament as the growing Bea ene its
way through the mass of slightly cohering anthers. I

explanations and apologies to Mr. Elmer for the oversight, the
riter has now the pleasure of adding five more species to the

’

MS. (this combination has not been published before), W. erianthum, -
W. Silipes, W. Nieuwenhuisii, W. myrianthum, W. atropurpureum.
The following is the Latin diagnosis of Mr. Elmer’s species.

Adinobotrys scandens, Dunn (comb. nov.); affinis A. myriantho,
Dunn, sed floribus bis longioribus, et ovario uni-ovulato differt.

Frutex scandens. Folia 2-juga, 20-30 cm. longa; foliola
superiora lateralia oblonga, acuta vel acuminata, basi cuneata,
1 .

bracteis oblatis caducis. Calyx campanulatus, 5 mm. longus, lobis
4 tubo aequilongis, superiore bidentato, lateralibus acutis, inferiore

7 © . . . .

1"7 -1'8 cm. longum. Alae oblongae, basi antice semisagittatae.

Carina similis. Stamen vexillare a caeteris liberum, saepe vexilli

ungue plicato amplexum, Ovarinm utrinque angustatum, medio
ion ;

uni-ovulatum, sericeum. Leyumen maturum ignotum

_Puitippine Isuanps. Is. of Sibuyan: Capiz Province ;
Magallanes (Mt. Giting-giting), Elmer, 12,259.

365

XLVIII.—THE GENUS CORCHOROPSIS.
H. Taxepa.

This small genus, established on a single Japanese species, has
been referred to Tiliaceae since the time of its publication.*
When gehts Paradombeya, a new genus of Sterculiaceae, Stapf,
however, pointed outt that his genus had a close relationship to
Corchoropsis and Pentapetes. It has therefore been stbgeetod to
me that it would be interesting to determine to what Natural Order
the genus Corchoropsis should be referred.

_ The original description and figures given by Siebold and
Zuccarini are excellent on the whole except for the stamens. The
stamens are, Se, 15 in oe very slightly united at the

In external appearance Uorekers opsis is very similar to Corchorus,
as was noticed by Siebold and Zuccarini. The structure of the
flower is, however, totally different from that tiliaceous genus in
having a definite number of stamens and staminodes as well as in
the nature of the petals, nor does it possess a ae affinity to any
other genus of Tiliaceae. I am consequently led to the conclusion
that the genus in question is to be transferred to Sr seeaglinaae tribe
Dombeyeae.

The genus is only known from the Far East, and includes, at
pee two species. The synonymy and distribution are as
follow

Cocaine tomentosa, Makino in Toky6 Bot. Mag. xvii. (1903),
p. 11.—Corchorus tomentosus, Thunb. Fl. Japon. p. 228, excel.
syn. eget aie crenata, Sie et Zuce.in Abh. Akad. Miinch. ili.,
p. 738, tab. iv., 1; Mig. P Fl. Japon. p. 206; Fr. et Sav
Enum. Pl. Japon. i, p- 66; F ibe et Hemsl. Index Fi, Sinensis,
i, p. 94.

Japan, China, and Manchuria.

Corchoropsis psilocarpa, Harms et Lésen. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb.
xxxiv., Beibl. 75, p. 51 tet abe Fl. Mansh. iii., p. 24;
Nakai FI. Koreana, i. p. 105, tab

Corea, China, and Manchuti”

* Sieb. et Zuce. in Abh, Akad. Miinch. iii, p. 737, tab. iv, 1. (1843).
+ Stapf in Hook. Icon. PI. ser. 4, viii, 1905, sub tab, 2743.

7

Pe ot |
}
Ld

366

XLIX.—A CONTRIBUTION TO THE FLORA OF HAINAN
(CHINA).

S. T. Dunn.

The flora of Hainan is as yet very imperfectly known and the
few botanical collections that have been made there were almost
entirely from the low lying regions in the north of the Island.

nd Sampson* paid a short visit to Kiung-chou-fu in 1866
but collected only near that city, which is a few miles from the
northern coast. In 1868 Sir Rutherford Alcock, then British
Minister at Pekin, sent Swinhoe to investigate the commercial
possibilities of the island and that energetic naturalist in the course
of his enquiries penetrated as far into the interior as Ling-mun
where the Li tribes come down from their southern fastnesses to

Chinese collectors were also sent from Hongkong by Ford while
Superintendent of the Botanical and Forestry Department in that
Colony and the writer, his successor there, made many efforts to
obtain collections from the interior and especially from the sacred
Ng-shi-shan or five-finger mountain which lies rather to the south
of the centre.

The island of Hainan is about two-thirds the size of Ireland and

0

infested with land leeches of a specially attentive kind. These
obstacles would not however deter the Chinese collectors who have
been sent. They have been prevented from reaching the central dis-
tricts by their fear of the wild Li people who resent any intrusion by
the Chinese into their country. B.C. Henry succeeded in reaching
the neighbourhood of Ng-shi-shan but was unable to ascend it.
In 1908 the Japanese collector Katsumata was engaged by the
writer with the special object of collecting plants on Ng-shi-shan
for the Hongkong Herbarium and the plants deseribed or men-
tioned below are chiefly from his collection.

He escribed the mountain as densely clothed with forest nearly
to the summit, where it rises into (probably five) bare and rugged
peaks, The few other travellers who have been fortunate enough
to see it on one of the rare occasions when it was not partly hidden
by clouds corroborate this description.

Saad sub floribus arcta, reliqua distantia, omnia subsessilia,
elliptica, apice acuta, basi cuneata, 7-12 em. longa, papyracea,

* Bretschneider, History of European Botanical Discoveries in China, 635.

367

intus fauce Siecentelic Kee 4, infra faucem inserta, corollam
aullo excedentia. Ovarium biloculare, miltiovulatutn ; ; stylus
filiformis, apice breviter 2-ramosus, /r uctus ovoideus, crustaceus ;
semina minuta, numerosa, angulata
Ng-shi-shan, June, 1909. collected by Katsumata, Honghong
Hlerb., 664
cet with H, uncinella, Hook. et Arn., but distinet in the
cuneate base of the leaves and in the suppression of the upper
internode whereby a whorl-like arraheenent of four large leaves
subtends the inflorescence as in
\2h\ Hedyotis cryptantha, Dunn, sp. nov. Herba perennis, procum-
_ bens, 30-40 cm, alta, praeter flores glabra; caulis inter folia
angulata, robusta. ola = caernlescentia, anthesi ex nodis
paucis summis magna, erecta, approximata, flores obtegentia, ceteris
ob bases tantum persistentes internodia brevia inferiora ape

elliptica, utrinque angustata, nginaarees basi dilatata, 20-30 cm.
longa, papyracea, venis marginem approximantibus 62 =p ;
stipulae magnae, margines foliorum basi dilatatas jungentes, in

lobum 1-2 cm. longum anguste triangularem dentatum expands
Flores in elomerulos 2 2.5 em. longos axillares collecti, albi, 2 em.
longi, subseasiles ; ; bracteolae lineari-lanceolatae. Ca aly 15 em.
longus, lobis 4 linearibus take, 6—8-plo longioribus. . Corolla

tubulosa, intus fauce tomentella, 1:7-1°8 cm. longa, lobis angustis
tubo 6-plo brevioribus patentibus. Antherae in tubo infra
tomentum inserta et eo sessiles. Ovarinm o

multi-ovulatum ; stylus 5 bud corollae sequilonpas, sate Pgs ges
ovulis, membranacea, indehiscens ; semina minuta, angula
On level oe ground near Hong-ta village, June 7th, 1893,
Hongkong Herb.,
Though differing | in no way generically from L/edyotzs this curious
species is rather divergent in habit from any of that genus previously
nown from the region, having its clusters of white flowers almost
hidden among the large leaves.
Tora OB ithe alge Craib
Alr from Yunnan, Cochin China, and Siam.
an useetis satel Dunn sp. nov. Arbor parva vel frutex ;
aulis = adpresse —— mox arar Folia gg retin bor oe

7 mm. ‘longi. Calyx 6
linearibus “tubo birovikee apice libero bis emcee Corolla tubu-
losa, extus sericea, intus infra faucem tomentosa, calyci ee: mag

368

lobis 4 ovatis patulis tubo 4-plo longioribus. Stamina in tomento
faucis inserta ex tubo paullo exserta. Ovarium ovatum; stylus
tubo corollae equilongus, bifidus.

Neg-shi-shan, June, 1909, collected by Katsumata, Hongkong
Flerb., 6643. wee

Nearest to the Burmese Z. Kurzii, Hook. f., from which it is
distinguishable by its nearly glabrous leaves.

qi Ardisia pachyphylla, Dunn, sp. nov.. Arbor omnino glabra. Folka

oblanceolata, apice acuta, basi in petiolum attenuata, 8-9 cm. longa,
coriacea, venis obscuris; petioli 0°8-1'2 cm. longi. Flores um-
bellati vel breviter racemosi in ramis inflorescentiae compactae
terminalis 12 em, latae ; pedicelli 6-8 mm. longi. Calyx 5-fidus,
1-1°5 mm. longus, lobis ovatis glandulosis. Corolla eglandulosa,
rotata, 0°9-1°0 cm. lata, fere ad faucem 5-fida, lobis ovatis aestiva-
tione contortis. Stamina fauce inserta, antheris 3 mm. longis
apiculatis filamento 6-plo longioribus. Ovarium globosum, stylo
ante anthesin incluso, ovulis paucis biseriatis.

Ng-shi-shan, June, 1909, collected by Katsumata, Honghony
Herb., 6680.

Allied to the North Indian A. neriifolia, Wall., but distinguished
by its umbellate or nearly umbellate flowers.

Ervatamia pallida, Pierre ex Spire, Le Caoutchoue, 141.

The Hainan form has a glandular corolla and less caudate leaves.
The species is rather widely dispersed in and about the same latitude
in French Cochin China, It is said to yield a good caoutchouc
(Spire, lic. 180),

Callicarpa brevipes, Hance in Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 5, v. 233.

-shi-shan, June, 1909, collected by Katswnata.

Only known previously from the neighbourhood of Swatow and
Hongkong, on the coast of Kwangtung.

L.—MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.

Me. I. H. Burxini, M.A., Reporter on Economic Products to
the Government of India, and Curator of the Industrial Section of
the India Museum, Caleutta (K. B. 1899, p. 50; 1900, p. 16), has
been appointed *e the Secretary of State for the Colonies Director
of the Botanic Gardens, Singapore, in succession to Mr. H. N.
Ridley, M.A., C.M.G., F.R.S., retired.

Mr. Greorce Henry Eapy and Mr. Ernest WILLIAM
Morse, formerly members of the gardening staff of the Royal
Botanic Gardens, have been appointed by the Secretary of State
for the Colonies, on the recommendation of Kew, Curators in the

Agricultural Department of the Gold Coast.

369

Morpgcar Cusitt Cooxr.—We record with regret the death
of Mr. M. C. Cooke, for twelve years in charge of the Cryptogamic
department of the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens

ooke was born at Horning, in Norfolk. At the age of nine, i
went to reside with an uncle at Ilford, and commenced the study of
botany, being, as a child, first interested in flowering plants. His
attention was soon attracted to fungi, at first from an edible stand-
point, but soon, as Cooke himself often sate, the fungi exercised
such a spell over his entire existence, that his interest in these plants
ceased only when he peacefully passed away at his residence in
Kentish Town on August 19th, a few days after his 87th birthday.
Being dependent on his own resources from an early age, Cooke
was, In turn, an assistant in a drapery establishment, teacher in a
National eaal and a lawyer’s clerk. He after wards obtained a

more congenial appointment as assistant in the India Museum.
On the abolitiod of this institution, Cooke spent some time at the
South Kensington Museum, in the Mycological Department, and
afterwards came to the Herbarium at the Ro oyal Botanic Gardens,
Kew, where he was also placed in charge of the mycological section.
Cooke remained at Kew from 1880 to 1892, when he retired on

nsion. During this time Cooke incorporated his own er oaCHIOK
containing 46,000 specimens, with the existing collection at Kew as

well as the collection of fungi presented to Kew by the Rev. M. J.
Backelsy. Cooke’s figures of oS mostly coloured, and numbering
25,000 plates, are also at

His first important tres was the “ Handbook of British vp cade
in two volumes, published in 1871, followed by “ Mycographia,” o
coloured ficures of fungi from all parts of the world, 113 ate
“Handbook of Australian Fungi,” and “ Illustrations of British

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3
°
au
se
z
ep)
3
4
=
a)
5
By

journal devoted to a peoente teed
ronounced feature of Cooke was his willingness to assist
anyone interested in mycology ; Secor I may say that during
an intimate aoquaiitanes. for over 30 years, I invariably received
of

statement will, I am sure, “Es endorsed by many ayoblogista in
various parts of the world.

G. M.

Bota nical Magazine for October.—The plants figured are Chamae-
dorea eres H. Wendl. (t. 8457); Ceropegia Thorncroftii,
N. E. Bro t. 8458); Osmanthus Delavayi, Franch. (t. 8459) ;
en Shawitons, Benth. (t. 8460); and Furcrea elegans, Tod.

t.

: The ‘Cnc is an elegant species which se — in = eae
tion at Kew in the Aroid House for some 40

flowers of both sexes were produced and yielded oatatiel for on

370

illustration. C. glaucifolia has a slender stem with a graceful head
of foliage. Its exact habitat is somewhat uncertain but it is
probably in Guatemala. it was first described by Wendland im
1854 from a solitary plant in the Brussels Botanic Garden.

Ceropegia Thorncroftii was discovered near Barberton in the
Transvaal by Mr. G. Thorncroft, by whom also it was introduced
to Kuropean collections. From plants sent by him to the Cam-
bridge Botanic Garden the material for the illustration was
furmshed in August, 1911, Its nearest ally is C. crispata, from
which it differs in the much smaller flowers and the gibbous projection
at the middle of the keel on the inner side of the lobes.

The late Abbé Delavay discovered the Osmanthus, which forms
the subject of the next plate, in the mountains of Lankong in

‘uman, at about 9500 feet. The seed was originally sent to Mr.
M, L. de Vilmorin. The plant figured, which was purchased from
Messrs. Lemoine and flowered in March of this year, is one of
the most pleasing of new evergreen shrubs. It resembles O. swavis,
King, from Sikkim and Manipur, which, however, may be dis-
tinguished by its larger, more acute leaves, and its somewhat
smaller lateral as well as terminal flowers.

Elsholtzia Stauntoni is probably the most useful of the 36 known
species from the horticultural point of view. This species appears
to be limited to the Province of Chihli, North China, and was
introduced to cultivation by Mr. J. G. Jack, of the Arnold

Hanbury’s garden at La Mortola, Ventimiglia, we are
again indebted for material of the fine Furcraca, which, though long
cultivated at Kew, has not yet flowered in the Succulent House.

e plant is a native of Mexico and is allied both to F.
flavoviridis, Hook., figured at t. 5163 of the Botanical Magazine
an

tinguished from all the other more or less stemless forms by the
leaves which are nearly eight feet long.

Protium australasicum.—This tree was described in 1892 by Mr.
F. M. Bailey, Colonial Botanist, Queensland, under the name
Bursera australasica (Queensl. Dept. Agric., Bull. No. 18, p. 8
and the description was reproduced in-his Queensland Flora, p. 223
(1899). Additional particulars regarding the flowers were given by

ailey in Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensl., vol. xi., p. 14 (1895).
According to the classification of the Genera Plantarum, which
was followed in the Queensland Flora, B. australasica comes under
the genus Bursera,

In Engler’s monograph of the Burseraceae (DC. Monogr, Phan.
vol. iv., 1883, pp. 1-169), however, this genus was divided into
Bursera (proper) and Protium, Burm. ; and the segregation of these
two genera has been accepted by botanists generally. is

.

371

Using the key to the genera of arden gren by Engler in
Engl. and Prantl, Nat. Pflanz., fe ill. 4, p. 234, Bursera austra-
lasica comes under division A.a. tals LP ps pine indehiscent.
The next subdivision is as follows :

a. Drupe with 5-1 separate or contiguous but not united pyrenes.

3. Drupe with a 3-1-celled endoc

Now, B. australasica has a cathe endocarp composed of four
extremely hard pyrenes which are united by rather softer tissue so

hat they may be forced asunder by a kite. It is, therefore, a
little doubtful in which subdivision it should come. The only
genera, however, with which its floral characters are consistent,
are Protium in subdivision a, and C

ecies is now transferred to the genus Protium as P. austra-
lasicum, Sprague (comb, noy.).

oy AD.

Presentations to Museums.—T he following miscellaneous specimens

have been received in addition to those previously recorded in the
ulletin :—

Major iaire Bridge, Kingston-on-Thames.—Malformed

bra of Do uglas Fir from East Kootenay, British

Col nee

The Venti. H. H. Douglas Hamilton, Newmarket.— Fruit of
Colocynth ( Citr ullus Coloc ynthis) from a tomb at Thebes.

Mr. M. D. Reece, Gold Coast.—Fasciated branch of Para
Rubber Tree (Hevea brasiliensis).

Mr. W. Lock, Upwell, Norfolk.—Specimens ot Tobacco grown
in Norfolk.

Mr. J. D. Watson, M.LC.E., Tyburn, on —Two
photographs of Bacteria beds at Minworth.

Mr. J. Medley Wood, Durban, Natal. SMettibi of wood of
Chrysophyllum viridifolium.

Mr. H. A. Tempany, B.Sc., Antigua. ad sini of Cotton
Stainers and sample of Seed Cott

Mr. J. R. Drummond, Kew Gaadant: — Specimens of wood
and bark of Boswellia serrata,

Mr. R. B. Rogers, Launceston, Cornwall.—Photographs of
Cupressus Lawsoniana injured by squirrels and rabbits.
a of Agr iculture, Southern Nigeria.—Fruits of

uma sosbeus Daniellii.

photographs illustrative of pee on the Estate.
Messrs. Thomas Wright & Son, Steam Mills, Chesham. A.
emedaat a various articles made from home-grown and

fore

Messrs. Gale & Polden, Amen Corner, London, E.C.—Series’
of Photographs taken in the Royal Botanic Gardens,
Kew,

372

Mr. J. M. Whistler, Upper Blackwood, Western Australia.—
Photographs of Grass-gum trees (Xanthorrhoea spp.).

Messrs. A. & G. Paterson, Ltd., Banchory.—Planks of
Douglas Fir, Larch, and Abies nobilis.

Mr. F. Du Cane Godman, London, 8.W.—Section of wood of
the old tree of Dracaena Draco of Teneriffe. :

Rev. Canon Ellacombe, Bitton Vicarage, Bristol.—A collection
of photographs of trees, &c.

Earl of Yarborough, Brocklesby Park, Lincolnshire.— Fifteen
sections of burrs from home-grown trees.

Lt.-Col. J. J. Wood, Richmond, Surrey—Painting of Flam-
boyant (Poinciana regia).

Mrs. Ward, Cambridge.—Portrait of the late Prof. Harry
Marshall Ward, F.R.S.

Mr. H. J. Elwes, F.R.S., Colesborne, Gloucestershire.—
Sections of Tree Fern stems, wood of Diospyros Melan-
oxylon, and basket made of leaves of Alpinia nutans by
the Aborigines, Formosa. .

Miss Wright, Kayhough, Kew Gardens.— W ood and herbarium
specimen of Atlanthus glandulosa.

Messrs. W. T. Elmore & Son, Ltd., London, E.C.—Examples
of Willow basket-work.

Lt.-Col. Ratton, Blackheath—A collection of drawings of
fruit and fruit trees of the Malay States made by the late
Surgeon ~- Major Ratton of the Madras Arm’
drawings include Durian (Durio Zibethinus), Betel Nut
(Areca Catechu), Jack Fruit (Artecarpus integrifolia),
Bread Fruit (Artocarpus incisa).

doM. H

Forest Economic Products of India.*—This book, the outcome of
a recommendation by the Committee of the Franco-British Exhibi-
tion of 1908, gives information regarding the various forest products
of India, It is not a complete guide to all such products, but only
to the more valuable and important.

A few reproductions of photographs of the commoner species and
a map showing the general distribution of forests are added.

* Commercial Guide to the Forest E . Fadia by
RB. 8. Pearson, F.L.S = conomie Products o a,

ide
. Economist at the Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun.

[Crown Copyright Reserved.]

ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS. KEW.

BULLETIN

OF

MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.

No. 9.) (1912.

LI—NEW SOURCES OF PAPER.
(Hedychium coronarium, Koen., and allies.)
(With Plates.)

Karly in the present year Messrs, Clayton Beadle and Stevens,
of London, drew the attention of Kew to the value of Hedychium
coronarium as a source of material for paper-makin

This plant, a member of the Natural Order Zing iberaceae, is a
native of India, being distributed from the Himalayas to Ceylon an
a te ascending to 4000 ft. in the Khasia Hills and 6000 ft. in
Ceylon. It is also recorded from Central America, the West
rp Oo New Zealand, Mauritius and West Africa (Corisco Bay).
Many years ago it appears to have been introduced into Brazil and
it has run wild in many of the States, being especially abundant

at Morrettes in = hbo of Palais, where it has covered a large
tract of swampy ¢

The plant in its aitavalised condition in Brazil is shown. on
rats I. When the introduction to Brazil took place is uncertain.
There is a specimen at Kew collected by Dr. Glaziou in 1869 and
the presence of the plant in Brazil is Seoorded by Martius* and

ee n.f These authors mention that the plant is known by
the native names “ Lagrimo de Moga” and “Escaldamaio.” <Accord-
ing to some Portuguese documents quoted by Messrs. Clayton
Beadle and Stevens the plant is sometimes known in Brazil as
wild Jasmin .

The peniin “Hedychium, of which a good etre by Baker is
to be found in Hooker’s Flora of British India, vol. vi., p. 225, i
characterised by the horizontal tuberous rootstock, which bears the
erect elongated leafy stems. The leaves are distichous, oblong or
lanceolate, with long clasping sheaths. The inflorescence forms a
terminal spike.

* Martius, Ee Bras. roe
+ K. Schuma Pflanze reich "haan ieley pp. 44 and 56. See also
Usteri, Flora der + Dinbagany aie Stadt Sao Paulo (1911), pp. 169, 170,

(26866—6a.) Wt. 189-806, 1125, 12/12. D&S.

374

H. coronarium is best distinguished from other species of the
genus by the following characters :—Inflorescence ellipsoid or ovoid ;
3-5-flowered bracts which are densely imbricate in 5-8-spirals.
Staminodia oblong-lanceolate, white. Labellum widely obcordate,
white with yellow sometimes near the base. Filament’ white.

At Kew the plant thrives under tropical swamp conditions in
House No. 15 and is an object of beauty throughout the summer
and autumn with its spikes of fragrant white flowers. The
photograph reproduced on Plate II. is taken from one of the Kew
plants, and the numerous, closely-arranged leafy stems springing
from the creeping rhizomes can be well seen. At Kew the stems
attain a height of about 3-4 fect. In Brazil the plant is described
as growing spontaneously and thickly and completely covering the
land. The stems are said to reach a height of 1-14 metres when
growing thickly and to be about 2-4 cm. in thickness. On the
margins of streams, however, the stems grow as high as 2 metres.
After cutting down the stems it is found that some 4-5 months
must elapse before a full growth of fresh stems is made.

In order to make certain of the identity of the Brazilian
plant whose paper-making qualities had been tested, application for
specimens was made to H.M. Consul at Sao Paulo for specimens of
the plant. Thanks to the kind services of the Acting Consul and
H.M. Vice-Consul at Curityba, a specimen of the plant known in
that region as Hedychium coronarium has been received at Kew.
This proved to be Hedychium coronarium, as did also the specimens
sent to Kew by Messrs. Clayton Beadle and Stevens from Parana.

The value of the plant for paper-making was brought to our
notice in a request for fresh material for the purpose of experi-
mental investigation, Messrs. Beadle and Stevens had already
satisfied themselves as to the good qualities of Hedychium fibre
from the dried material they had received from Brazil, and were
naturally anxious to test it in the green fresh condition. The
paper-making qualities of the fresh material supplied from Kew
were found to be identical with those of the dried stems, and the

plant appears likely to be a very valuable source of material for
the paper-maker.

In a letter to Kew, Messrs. Clayton Beadle and Stevens write:—

“Papers produced from this fibre have even greater tensile
‘strength than the strongest manila papers produced. e

strongest manila papers have a strength of 6000 or 7000 metres
‘breaking length.’ This paper has from 9000 to 10,000. Its
elasticity and folding qualities are exceptional. Moreover, it can
be made to bear ink and possess parchment qualities without any
se or other special treatment.

“The reason of this we find to be due to the presence of the cells
associated with the fibre, which are of a semi-gelatinous nature,
when chemically treated, and dry into the interstices of the paper
and produce natural parchment.”

Messrs. Clayton Beadle and Stevens recently presented a paper
to the Eighth International Congress of Applied Chemistry* on

* The paper-making qualities of Hedychium coronarium re ted fro!

oie Fe gee presen mm
Original Contributio i hth Internatio: ae F

1 xiii , pp: 80-45, ns, Ang a nal Congress of Applied Chemistry, |

Kew Bulletin, 1912.

I.—HEpYCHIUM CoRONARIUM IN BRAZIL.

26866 [To face page 374.

Kew Bulletin, 1912.

Il.—Hepycnium Coronarium at Kew.

To face page 375 ]

375

the paper-making qualities of Hedychium coronarium and the
following extracts are taken from a copy of the paper sent to Kew
by the courtesy of the authors. . ;
A chemical analysis of dried specimens as, received was made
with the following results :—
= Whole stem as gathered.
B. Whole stem after passing through crushing-rollers,

B

Moisture ... ‘a ene kes Lge aad 12:2°/.
van : sae sie 4°5 4°8
ellulose ... tee ie vie 43°0 48°0
Extracted by chemical treatment 42°8 36°0

Cellulose air dry on air dry allow-
ing for losses... ove es

410°, 44:09,

“We discovered that the pith cells, which can be retained or not,
according to requirements, possess very peculiar qualities, If taken
alone, the unbleached cells i

which the cells are retained, as will be seen, gives higher ‘ breaking
lencths’ than any manila paper that we have so far had the
opportunity of examining. The oval cells, therefore, ‘ parch-
mentize,’ strengthen and size the sheet.

“The pulp, after boiling in soda and beating, if examined under
the microscope in the presence of chloriodide of zinc shows :—

(a) Oval cells stained blue.

(6) Long wide fibres something like chemical wood, stained blue.

(c) Numerous shorter and solid-looking fibres, stained ellow.

(d) Small epidermal cells attached to one another, stained
yellow.” oe

The length of fibres is given in a table which is not reproduced
here. The means of the results of measurements under the
microscope of numerous fibres are as follows :—

“1, Hedychium fibres, unbleached, not beaten, 2°61 mm,

“2, Hedychium bleached, not beaten, 2°56 mm.

26866 A2

376

“3, Hedychium cells washed through 70-mesh wire, measured
lengthwise, 0°138 mm,

“4, Hedychium cells washed through 70-mesh wire, measured
crosswise, 0°U83 mm.

“5, Best strong thick manila cable paper, 2°835 mm.

“6, Ditto, thin, 2°89 mm.”

“It will be observed that the mean size of the cells, taking the mean
of the two directions [mean of 3 and 4], is 0°11 mm., or less than 1/20 of
the length of the fibres which measure 2°58. It can be understood,
therefore, that such small particles as the oval cells will pass through
a 70-mesh sieve of the washing drum, the holes of which would be
about 0°2 mm., but the same sieve would of course retain the fibres
proper. It will be observed also that the mean length of the fibres
of the longest and strongest manila papers, which is about 2°85 mm.,
is only slightly in excess of that of the Hedychium fibre, but, as will
hereafter be seen, the Hedychium, on account ot the peculiar nature
of the fibres and the cells, is capable of producing a stronger and in
many respects more serviceable paper. Moreover, the smallness of
the Hedychium cells in comparison with the fibres enables the cells
to fill the interstices between the fibres. Moreover, these cells,
being of a flocculent, sticky and glutinous nature, act as a natural
sizing material, e mechanically separated ard weighed the cells
and fibres with the following results :—

“The actual amount of fibre proper and cells in Hedychium
unbleached paper, the cells of which have been entirely retained,
we find to be as follows :—

Cells see vA 17°3%
Fibre... ‘<3 way 82°7

“ When the pulp is completely bleached so as to produce a white
paper, the proportion by weight of cells and fibres in the finished
paper is as follows :—

Celle 2... tee 147
yo ie ree <a 86

most greasy feeling pulp, however, the water drains from the
machine wire with great rapidity. We have seen the pulp on the

salah fast running on the paper machine, in spite of the greasy

nae For the purpose of making a comparison of papers producible

f ons the H. coronarium with papers with which it is likely to come
mto competition, we carried out a number of tests as to strength,

377

breaking strain, elongation, bursting strain and greaseproof qualities.
fee are contained in Table B [not reproduced].
“We draw attention to this fibre as we vee it may become of

or unbleached. The fact that the paper in its natural mee,
without the addition of any materials whatever, can be made to
bee Ne la and self-sizing qualities is a point of commercial
import

Read. is Beadle and Stevens also inform us that they
have dressed some of the fibre from the green stem, and the tensile
strength tests indicate that it is almost exactly similar i MY poe
to the best pure manila binder-twine. Samples both of the paper
and the fibre have been presented to Kew and have been ieee in
the Museum

Owing to the very remarkable paper-making qualities of
Hedychium and the ease with which the plant spreads under
favourable conditions in the tropics, it seems likely that it may be
in considerable demand in the near futur

AMOMUM AND ALPINIA.

As Hedychium has proved to be so valuable a plant for paper-
making, stems of Amomum hemisphericum and Alpinia nutans have
also been submitted to Messrs. Clayton Beadle and Stevens for
examination as to their ag aera i qualities.

In the accompanying report they mention that in neither case do
these plants yield papers ma the self-sizing qualities to be

chium and under certain conditions also with
manila scat bagasse, and also with banana fibre. The Report is
as follows

“These plante were passed through sugar-crushing rollers for the

to red to the condition of tow
code. were then boiled under pressure, — with 20 per cent. of

pr ressure and the Alpinia nutans for 6 es at 50 lbs. They w
afterwards bleached, and the yield of unbleached and bleached ahve
expressed on the original green weight of stem as received, as
follows :—

On green stem as received, Amomum, Alpinia.
Yield—unbleached se 7447 5°93 7
bleached is 6°36 4°95

“Tf expressed upon the dry weight of stem the figures are as

follows :—
On dry stem. Amomum, —Alpinia.

Yield—unbleached See 58°27 50°0 %
bleached ae 49°6 415

378

he average length of unbeaten fibres as contained in each of
the pulps taken as an average of 10 measurements was measured
with the following results :—
Amomum. Alpinia.
Length of fibre ... Le 254mm. 2°21 mm.

“From a superficial examination of the pulps in each case we
think it possible that the Amomum hemisphericum could be made to
produce a strong brown paper with a long tear, It is also capable
of being bleached white. Very much the same remarks may be
said to apply to the Alpinia nutans.”

From Messrs. Clayton Beadle and Stevens’ report it would
appear that Amomum and Alpinia, though considerably inferior to
Hedychium, might nevertheless be quite useful sources of material
for the paper-maker. Amomum hemisphericum is a native of Java.
Alpinia nutans is recorded from Hong Kong, Formosa, Cochin
China, the Eastern Himalaya and the Malay Peninsula. It is also
known from the West Indies, Guatemala, Venezuela, Surinam and
Brazil, but like Hedychium it has probably been introduced into the

estern Hemisphere.

Amomum and Alpinia belong to the Natural Order
Zingiberaceae. Their habit of growth is quite similar to that of
Hedychium, and it seems probable that Alipinia would form dense
thickets in swampy country. The stems of Amomum reach a height
of as much as 16 feet, and those of Alpinia are stated to attain to
8 to 10 feet in height.

LIT.—AKANIACEAE: A NEW FAMILY OF SAPINDALES,

O. STAPF.

of the suborder Sapindeae without any further observation.
Bentham in Flora Australiensis, vol. i. p. 471 (1863) followed
Hooker, adding that Akania was “allied to Harpullia but very
different in the calyx and disk.” This remark was probably
occasioned by F. y. Mueller’s suggestion that the plant which he
had then just described as Cupania Iucens (Fragm. Phyt. Austr.
vol. iti. p. 44; 1862) may be a Harpullia. Baillon, in his Histoire des
Plantes, vol. y. (1874) also has Akania in Sapindaceae “as the type
of a small isolated subseries” and as a “ perigynous Sapindacea ”
(p. 357 ), but as a doubtful member of the Order (p. 412). He had,
however, not then seen the plant. When a few years later he
received flowering material from the botanic garden at Hamma,
Algeria, he pointed out that its relationship was with Xanthoceras

ee whieh in his opinion connected the Sapindaceae with the Staphy-

e. This met halfway F. vy. Mueller’s view, expressed in 1875,
the 76th fascicle of his Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae,

379

(vol. ix, p. 90), that Akania was referable to the “ Staphyleae” in
spite of its alternate leaves and the absence of stipules. In 1890
Radlkofer discussed at some length the relationship of Akania in his
ney os “epee der Sapindaceen” in Sitzungsber. d. k. Bayersch.
Ak. Band xx. p. 127-138, and pronounced for Staphy-
ass ‘it girs this admission that the genus represented an
anomalous type of that order, the b sae y is being in the alternate
estipulate leaves, the perigyny of the flowers, the diplostemony of
the androecium, the sentation! © epitropous ovules and certain
anatomical characters. Solereder in Berichte der Deutschen
Botanischen Gesellschaft, Band x. (1892), p. 551, came to the same
conclusion and established a tribe Abanieas: of Staphyleaceae which
apart from Akania also included Huertea and Tapiscia, Hi
argument rests mainly on anatomical and seed characters; but even
so the new tribe cannot be considered as sufficiently ti
In fact, Pax in his monograph of the Staphyleaceae in Engler
Prantl’s Natiirliche Pflanzenfamilien (Teil iti. Abt. 5. p. 259 ; 1893),
while accepting Tapiscta and Huertea as the representatives of a
distinct tribe (Tapiscioideae) of Staphyleaceae, felt obliged to reject
Akania not only from that tribe but from the family, relying on the
alternate arrangement of ne leaves, the absence of stipules and
especially the diplostemony of the androecium, the number of
ovules in each cell and their pendulous, epitropous orientation.

Excluded by Radikofer from Sapindaceae and by Pax from
Staphyleaceae, Akania remaine . “incertae sedis” and was
enumerated and described uch by Harms in Nachtrige
gum ii.iv. Teil of the Natiirliche “PRanzentamilien (1897), p. 331.
Solereder in his Systematische Anatomie der Dicotyledonen (1898),
pp. 275, 276 (Engl. transl. 1908, pp. 242, 243), adheres to his view
expressed i in 1892, but without adducing new reasons or discussing
the views put forward by Pax. Since then no further contribution
on the subject has appeared. I myself examined the dried material
at Kew some years ago without arriving at any result except the
negative one that Akania agreed neither with Sapindaceae nor with
Staphyleaceae.

The fact that in the present year a specimen of Akania Hillit
flowered in the Temperate House at Kew and that the plant was
selected for figuring in the Botanical Magazine induced me to take
the matter up once more in order to see whether a place in the
system could not be found for this stray genus.

The descriptions which we possess of the structure of Akania are
neither in an exact agreement nor are they quite correc

The original description by J. D. Hooker is erroneous in two
points of importance, namely as to the character of the aestivation
of the corolla and the number of the stamens. Hooker described the
pee as imbricate, and this statement is repeated in on,

istoire des Plantes (vol. v. p.412) and in the Natiirliche Pflanzen-
familien (Nachtriige, p. 331). Baillon, however, in 1878 pointed out
(in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, i. p. 224), that he found the corolla
contorted in all the flowers he pains of the specimen which he
received from Hamma, and this is also my experience from
herbarium specimens as well as from the fresh material at Kew.

n

380

The number of stamens, varies from 8 to 9, but is usually 8, and I
never observed 5 or 10. The gaps in the androecium are always in
the inner whorl, but their positions are not constant.

The contorted aestivation adds to the characters which tend to
exclude Akania from the Sapindaceae as well as from the Staphy-
leaceae. But if neither Sapindaceae nor Staphyleaceae are available
to receive Akania, where is it to be placed? No other family has
been suggested, and yet it is abundantly clear that the affinity lies
with the Sapindales, Benth. and Hook. f. or Sapindales-Sapindineae,
Engl., in which subseries it occupies an isolated position, comparable
to that of the small families of the Hippocastanaceae and Aceraceae,
although more detached than either. This means, to express the
condition taxonomically, that Akania represents a distinct family
in the subseries of the Sapindineae, the appropriate name for which
would be Akaniaceae and its diagnosis as follows :—

Akaniaceae, Stanf (fam. nov.); ex affinitate Sapindinearum, a
caeteris familiis subseriei distincta petalorum aestivatione contorta,

Petala 5, aequalia, dextrorsum vel sinistrorsum contorta, in
receptaculi margine inserta. Discus nullus. Stamina fere semper
8 (raro 9), quorum 5 externa episepala in medio receptaculo, caetera
vero circa ovarii basin inserta; filamenta elongata, filiformia ;
antherae oblongae, basifixae, basi breviter bilobae. Ovarium
integrum, 3-loculare ; stylus simplex, rectus, filiformis ; stigma
minute 3-lobum. Ovula in quoque loculo 2, superposita, anatropa,
pendula, raphe adaxiali, micropyle supera, integumentis 2. Fructus
capsularis, loculicide valvis 3 coriaceo-lignosis dehiscens. Semina
exarillata, globoso-ovoidea, testa crustacea ; endospermum carnosum,
amplum, cotyledonibus accumbens. Embryo amplus, rectus ;
cotyledones transversae, crassae, subplanae ; radicula superior,
brevissima, recta.

Arbores. Folia alterna, exstipulata, imparipinnata, coriacea.
Inflorescentiae paniculatae.

LUI.—DECADES KEWENSES

PuantTarum Novarum in Herpario Hortr Reet
CoNSERVATARUM.,

DECADES LXVII.—LXIX.

WSL Pe Delphinium Purdomii, Craih { Ranunculaceae-Helleboreae ];

a D. trichophora, Franchet, cui affinis, petalorum lateralium lobis
mm. longis 1 mm. latis recedit.

Bracteae lanceolatae, acutae, 2°7 cm. longae, 6 mm. latae, supra

fere glabrae, infra sparse villosae, longe ciliatae, 8 mm. infra apicem

ente solitario latere utroque instructae ; bracteolae 2, 5 mm. inter

se distantes, parte superiore pedicelli affixae, oblongo-lanceolatae,

integrae, 1-4 cm, longae, 4 mm. latae, indumento ut bracteae ;

381

pedicelli erecti, rachidi adpressi, infimi 14 cm., intermedii 6°5 cm.
consis pilis albis divergentibus instructi. Sepalum posticum late

lipticu m, acuminatum, 2°3 cm. longum, 2 cm. latum, intra glabrum,
Ba pilis longiusculis instructum; calear rectum, 2 cm. longum,
validiusculum ; sepala lateralia 18 om. longa, 1°2 cm. lata, indu-

1°25 mm. lata. Ovaria 3, villosa ; nee glaber, apice bi
CHina. Kansu: Minohu; 2400 m., Purdom, 142, maim Ase
eitch.

662. Tetracera Havilandii, Aid/.{ Dilleniaceae]; species 7’. ee 2,
Martelli, affinis, haud sericea autem atque foliis diversa,a 7. Radula,
Martelli, differt sepalis aequalibus marginibus exceptis labels:

Frutex scandens. Folia obovata, apice rotundata vel emargi-
nata, basi cuneata, in petiolum decurrentia, coriacea, 12 cm. longa,
7 cm, lata, scabrida, costa superne depressa hirta, capillis appressis ;

etioli breves, complanati, marginibus ai Paniculae parvae, ramis

pilis stellatim patentibus munitis. Sepala sub fructu subaequalia,
ovata, glabra, scabra, sci che ciliatis. Carpella 3, ovata,
apiculata, nitida, 3 em.

Sarawak. Kuching, Out 8, 1892, Haviland, in Herb. oe

663. Tetracera scabricaulis, ‘et [Dilleniaceae]; speci
Radula, Martelli, proxima, sed caule insigniter scabrido, “foliis
oblongis Mare basibus vtanidatdes ramis paniculae pilis siallaiie
munitis rt

Pale’ scandens, caule validulo tne) primo scabrido, pilis
brevibus rigidis mox pilis delapsis pustuloso-scabrido. lia oblonga,
obtusa, basi rotundata, apice, obtusa, 10 cm. longa, 4 cm. lata,
marginibus inter aa nervorum sinuatis, coriacea, superne atque

inferne scabra, nervis 7 -jugis subtus elevatis, costa superne depressa,
hirta (folia saverilia superne hirta, pilis dissitis rigidis pallidis) ;
petioli scabridi, complanati, atri, 5-6 mm. longi. aniculae

10-14 cm. longae, basi ad medium nudae, ramis paucis brevibus
scabridis hirtis, rachi pilis brevibus stellatis munito. Flores
copiosi. Bracteae oblongae, obtusae, 5 mm. longae, pedicellos
superantes, extus hirtae, marginibus dense ciliatis, Sepala exteriora
ovata, orbicularia, rotundata, interiora magis oblonga, sericeo-
jocks ne marginibus ciliatis, subtus in centro sericea, 5 mm. longa,

mm. lata. Petala tenuia, glabra, paullo longiora. Stamina
ES fucbaiay apicibus sub-obtriangularibus, saepe inaequilateralibus.
Styli et carpella 3
British Norts Borneo. Sandakan, Creagh.

664. Talauma Beccarii, Aid/. [Magnoliaceae]; species 7. Can-
dollei, 3\., affinis, foliis glabris, nervis numerosioribus petalisque
longioribus et latioribus differt.

Frutex vamis pallidis, alabastris et apicibus ramorum hirtis ‘Sgr
avis. Folia oblanceolata, cuspidata, 18 cm. longa, 5 cm. lata
glabra, coriacea, nervis 14-jugis, intra marginem ceca reticu-
lationibus in utroque latere conspicuis ; petioli 2 cm. longi, ad basim

382

subito incrassati. Petala lata, oblonga, obtusa, apice rotundata,
m. lata. Stamina linearia, acuminata, acuta,

15 em. longa, Syncarpium acuminatum, supra apices staminum
serecio-lanuginosum, 3 cm. longum, 1 em. latum, apicibus carpel-
lorum glabris obtusis.

Sarawak. Beccari, 3959.

Very distinct from what I take to be the true 7. Candollei, Bl.,
in the narrower leaves more plainly reticulated, and the pétals
longer, and broader in proportion to their length.

65. Uvaria cauliflora, Ridl. [Anonaceae]; species sine dubio U.
purpureae, Bl., affinis, differt toto coelo inflorescentia, quae paniculata
est atque e caule lignoso exorta, foliis fere glabris et versus
apicem latioribus versus basin attenuatis, calyce in flore expanso
irregulariter disrupto.

Frutex scandens, partibus juvenilibus ferrugineo-tomentosis.
Folia tenuiter coriacea, obovata, oblanceolata aut elliptica, apice
saepe abrupte cuspidata, versus apicem latiora, ad basim obtusam
attenuata, 13-24 cm. longa, 5-9 cm. lata, cuspide 1 cm. longo,
nervis 13-jugis tenuibus, costa decidue ferrugineo-tomentosa, aliter
glabra ; petioli crassi, transversim rugosi, 5'mm. longi. Flores
racemosi aut paniculati, ramis paniculae 5-12 cm. longis validis,
rufo-tomentosis ; bracteae persistentes, lanceolatae, obtusae, rigidae,
rufo-tomentosae, 5-7 mm. longae. Alabastra ovoidea, 2 cm. longa,
pedicellis bibracteatis 2-5 ecm. longis. Calyx ovoideus rufo-
tomentosus aut farinosus, irregulariter disruptus. Petala oblongo-
ovata, extus farinosa, intus glabra, 7 mm. longa, 5 mm. lata.
Stamina lineari-oblonga, 2 mm. longa, appendice complanato quad-
rangulari, Torus hemisphaericus. Carpella plura, truncata, stig-
matibus brevibus. Ovula 6-9 in loculo.

SARAWAK. Tegora, Haviland, 417; foot of Bembang,
Haviland, 409 ; Beecari, 1120.

The leaves of Beccari’s specimen are smaller, more coriaceous
and elliptic, but it resembles otherwise Dr. Haviland’s fine series.

666. Uvaria lanuginosa, Ridl. [Anonaceae]; ab U. parviflora,
Hook, f. et Thoms., foliis et ramis tomento aurantiaco-rufo tectis
distincta,

Caules, folia, flores tomento aurantiaco rufo undique tecti.
Folia elliptica, cuspidata, versus basin rotundatam attenuata, 14 em.

i
longa, 5 em. lata, nervis 7-8-jugis intra marginem arcuatis ;
petioli 1-2 i : .

Stamina breviuscula,
pauca, hirta. Ovula in seriebus 2, circiter 16.

667. Artabotrys Havilandii, Rid/. [Anonaceae]; species A.

polygyno, Mig. et A. hamato, Bl., affinis, floribus in unco com-

tomentoso majusculo, ramis pluribus brevibus ; petalis
ceolatis hirtis, carpellis ovoideis breviter rostratis distincta.

383

Frutez scandens, ramis brunneis_ vel nigris longitudinaliter |
rugosis, partibus juvenilibus hirtis. Folia coriacea, adulta glabra,
elliptica, acuminata, basi cuneata, in pet tiolum decurrentia,
2 cm. longa, 4 cm. lata vel minora, nervis 7-jugis in utroque
latere elevatis gracilibus irregulariter anastomosantibus ; petioli
1 cm, longi vel breviores. lores in uncis validis complanatis
(juvenilibus rufo-tomentosis) in ramis pluribus brevibus; bracteae
m.

hirta, 1-5 em. longa, 5 mm. lata; interiora angustiors, Stamina
pauca, appendicibus mae rotundatis albescentibus. Carpella
circiter 10, juvenilia clavata, rugosa, matura ovoidea, ad basim
angustata, apicibus frei pecs 2 cm. longa, 1 cm. lata.

Sarawsak. Kuching, Havilund, 1629, 3340; Beecari, 381,
786, 713, 554.

668. Artabotrys hirtipes, Azd/. |Anonaceae]; species A. ham

1, affinis, aie i bracteis sepalisque pilis rufis tectis folie
coriaceis glabris di

Frutex ramis ras vill brevibus rigidis tectis. Folia coriacea,
glabra, elliptica, ree meres (cuspide 1 em. longo), basi paullo
attenuata, 10 cm. longa, 3-5 em. lata, nervorum 9-jugis ad apices
arcuatis retedhitioniivns conspicuis, petiolis 6 mm. longis. Flores
magni; pedicelli pilis rufis tecti, 1 em. longi; bracteae ovatae,
acuminatae, pilis longis rufis tectae. Sepala ovata, lanceolata,
acuminata, 5 mm. longa, pilis rufis tecta. Petala externa lanceolata,
obtusa, carinata, tomentosa, basibus paullo dilatata, supra excava-
tionem haud angustata, 2°5 cm. longa, 1 cm. lata ubi latissima ;
petala interiora angustiora et breviora. Stamina pauca, glabra,
appendicibus majoribus. Carpella subcuneiformia, apicibus latis
complanata, 2 em. lata, tomentosa.

SaRAWAK. Rejang Kapit, Haviland, 2326; Kuching, Havi-
land, 2106, in frui

The Kuching eo has more coriaceous leaves, 15 cm. “org and
6 cm. across and stouter pedicels than the other specimen

669. Polyalthia coriacea, Rid/. [Anonaceae]; arbor P. congregatae,

ing, affinis, sed foliis distincte ae aie rigidioribus floribus
minoribus breviter racemosis in trunco sitis

Arbor parva. Folia coriacea, glabra, cote pipe latere et
nervis subtus hirtis exceptis, elliptica, obtusa v el oblonga, breviter
acuminata, 21-42 cm. longa, 10-16 cm. lata, ae late rotundata,
nervis paribus 20 superne depressis subtus elevatis parallelis,
nervulis transversis parallelis, petioli validi, 1 em. longi dense
irti. lores caulini in racemum brevem dispositi; pedunculus
validulus, hirtus, 1 em. longus vel minor ; bracteae ovatae, omnes
rufo-hirtae pedicelli 2-3 cm. longi. Sepala iia ora acuta vel
acuminata, extus tomentosa, 6 mm.—2 cm. longa. Petala flava vel
lactea, oblonga, obtusa, 4 cm. longa, lem.lata. Torus ir
hirtus. Pistilla hirta. Carpella. matura SENSE Ole breviter rostrata
pedicellata, velutinosa, 4 em. longa, 2 em.

Sarawak. Mt. Buan, Limestone. pO, 2002; Bidi,
C. J. Brsks, 1057.

384

Brooks’ plant differs from Haviland’s in its much larger leaves
shortly acuminate at the tip, and larger distinctly acuminate sepals,
but I have little doubt that they both belong to the same species.

670. Polyalthia erianthia, ARid/. [Anonaceae]; species affinis
P. oblongae, King, floribus multo majoribus dense sericeo-lanuginosis,
foliis ellipticis acuminatis majoribus subtus pubescentibus, nervorum
paribus 9-10, nervulis parallelis differt.

Arbor, partibus juvenilibus lanuginoso-hirtis flavescentibus. Folia
elliptica, acuminata, basi angustata, 20-30 cm. longa, 8-10 cm.
lata, tenuiter coriacea, superne glabra, subtus minute pubescentia,
nervis tenuibus superne inconspicuis subtus elevatis 9-10-jugis,
nervulis parallelis, reticulationibus tenuibus ; petioli crassi, pubes-
centes, | em. longi. Flores singuli, axillares, omnino velutino-
lanuginosi (staminibus exceptis), pedicellis crassis 7 mm. longis
suffulti; braecteae ovatae. Sepala ovata, obtusa, 7 mm. longa.
Petala externa ovata, lanceolata, obtusa, 2 cm. longa, 1 cm. lata ;
interna minora, angustiora. Stamina copiosa, appendicibus rotundatis.
Carpella hirta. ;

SaRAWAK, Five miles from Kuching, Haviland, 410.

671. Disepalum grandiflorum, Rid/.{ Anonaceae]; frutex D.anomalo,
Hoo . £., affinis, floribus majoribus petalis longicribus, internodio
inter calycem et corollam distincto differt.

Frutex ramis pallidis. Folia elliptica, cuspidata vel ovata,
basibus angustatis cuneata, 8-13 cm. 5-5°2 cm. lata, tenuia,
glabra, nervis gracillimis 8-jugis; petioli 5 mm. longi. Fores
singuli, foliis summis oppositi ; pedicelli ebracteati, graciles, 3 cm.
longi. Sepala 2, ovata, obtusa, deflexa, 1 cm. longa, 8 mm. lata.
Corolla 2 mm. supra calycem inserta; petala rufo-hirta, basi in
cupulam connata, 2 cm. longa, 1 cm. lata; lobi 7 mm. longi.
Stamina copiosa, appendicibus orbicularibus convexis.

Sarawak. Baram, Hose, 142 ; Marudi, Hose, 214.

672. Unona jambosifolia, Rid/. [Anonaceae|; frutex U. Wray
Hemsl., affinis, oliis magnis ellipticis basi cordatis subpeltatis
fere sessilibus, nervis 10-jugis procul a marginibus arcuatim
anastomosantibus, floribus binis, petalis crassiusculis subaequalibus
ovato-lanceolatis, ovulis in ovario 1-4, seminibus 1-4 pro carpello.

ru Folia subcoriacea, glabra, subtus pallida vel rufescentia,
lanceolata vel elliptica, acuminata, basi rotundata vel cordata,
subpeltata, 17 cm. longa, 5-7 cm. lata, nervis superne depressis
10-jugis 5 mm. a folii margine regulariter arcuatim anastomosanti-
bus ;_ petioli 2-4 mm. longi, crassi, hirti. Flores bini, in parte
inferiore rami positi; pedicelli pubescentes, 1 cm. longi. Sepala
semi-orbicularia, crassa, pubescentia, pilis rufis ciliata. Petala
subaequalia, ovata, lanceolata, oblonga, 1 cm. longa, 6 mm. lata,
crassiuscula, pilis rufescentibus marginalibus exceptis glabra.
— plurima, appendicibus latis complanatis angulatis. Pistzlla

longa, 7 mm. lata, hirta, breviter rostrata, stipitibus 7 mm. longis.
Semina 1—4, eS
Britisn Norra Borneo. Batu Putik, Creagh; Kudat, Fraser.
673. Unona conchyliata, Ridi. [Anonaceae]; frutex U. Wrayi,
Hemsl., affinis, petalis brevioribus et minoribus, obtusis, interioribus
latioribus costatis, floribus in ligno vetusto singulis differt.

385

Frutex, cortice pallido. Folia elliptica, cuspidata, basi rotundata,
10-18 cm. longa, 4~-5 em. lata coriacea, glabra, nervis 9-jugis,
nervis secundariis fere aeque conspicuis, “Sh peach ri in pagina
utraque elevatis ; petioli aa transversim rugos mm. longi.
Flores in ligno vetusto singuli ; pedicelli 1 em. fons sub fructu
incrassati. Sepala ovata, sate ‘vel obtusa, 1 mm. longa. Petala
lanceolata, obtusa, 2°5 cm. longa, 6 mm. lata, pubescentia ; interiora
latiora, costis elevatis e basi ad 4 longitudinis currentibus. Stamina

revia, 5-seriata, appendicibus angulatis complanatis pallidis. Styli
hirti. Ovula circiter 11 (ex Haviland). Carpella matura 4,
reg vel oblonga, 1°5 cm. longa, 1 em. lata, stipitibus 6 mm.

eRe Kuching, Haviland, 1779.

* Petals at first pale then claret colour.”

674, Goniothalamus parallelovenius, Aidl. [Anonaceae]; species
G. uvarioidi, King, ut videtur affinis, foliis magnis oblongis iis
G. Curtisit, King, similibus, floribus quam in G. uvarioide multo
majoribus, petalis interioribus longioribus.

Folia magna, oblonga, basin versus paullo angustata, apice
cuspidata, obtusa, basi rotundata, tenuia, coriacea, glabra, uervis
36-jagis parallelis subtus conspicue elevatis intra marginem
arcuatis, costa convexa. lores magni ; aaa cage 2°5 cm.
longi. i coriacea, triangularia, obtusa, 6 cm. longa, basi
5 m etala exteriora ot a " anguste lanceolata,
pei obtusa, 6°5 em. longa, | em. lata, basi dilatata 5 mm.
longa, minute farinoso-hirta ; petala interiora late lanceolata, basi
angustata, obtusa, 4 cm. longa, 1°2 cm. lata. Stamina angustata,
linearia, 3 mm. longa, appendicibus angustis conicis erectis scabris.

ARAWAK. JBeccari, 3772.

I have only seen a single flower and leaf of this species, but it
seems very distinct from any other.

675, Mitrephora rufescens, Hzdi. [Anonaceae] ; arbor parva rufo-

reniformi, nec ut in Jf. longipetala lineari-lanceolato et pollice
sadist longiore
arva, “circiter 5 m. alta, ramis petiolis nervis et partibus

javeniibne rufo-hirtis. olia elliptica ad lanceolata, acuminata,
basi rotundata vel breviter cuneata, 16-20 cm. longa, 5-8 cm.
lata, tenuiter coriacea, superne in statu adulto glabra ; petioli
5-8 mm. longi. lores in racemos rufo-hirtos perbreves dispositi ;
singulatim aperti; bracteae ovatae, persistentes. Sepala ovata,
acuta, rufo-hirta. Petala exteriora ovata, acuta, 1 em. longa,
5 mm. lata, extus sericea, intus glabra; interiora ungue lineari,
apice dilatato reniformi, extus pubescentia, limbo intus sericeo.
Stamina copiosa, glabra, appendicibus semiglobosis rotundatis.

Sarawak. Beccari, 1616; Matang, Haviland, 1035 ; Bau, on
limestone, Haviland, 2249.

SumaTRA. Sungei Buluk Padang, Beccari, 916, 968.

676. Oxymitra linderifolia, Rid/. [Anonaceae] ; frutex glaber, O.
glaucae, Hook. f. et Thoms., affinis, foliis coriaceis, nervis pauciori-
bus, petalis latioribus differt,

386

Frutex glaber. Folia coriacea, superne brevia, subtus glauca,
ontice, spneidatay acuta, basi rotundata aut breviter cuneata,
15-18 cm. longa, 6-8 cm. lata nervis_ 6jugis subtus elevatis,
costa convexa superne depressa; petioli 1*1 cm. longi. lores
singuli, in pedicellis extra-axillaribus 1 cm, longis; bractea mediana,
brevis, lanceolata. Sepala pugioniformia, basi lata, apice angustata,
4 mm. longa, VPetala exteriora lanceolata, linearia, pubescentia,
9 mm. longa, 3)mm. lata; petala interiora conum angustum formantia,
5 mm. longa. Torus minimus, hirtus. Pistilla conica, hirta.
Ovula 1-2, superposita. Yarpella matura globosa, 5 mm. longa,
oe aequilongis.

wak. Kuching, Haviland, 3333 ; Haviland and Hose, 3335.

The tee specimens, which are in fruit, have smaller leaves but

sai to Cte to the same species as the flowering ones.
Melodorum fagifolium, Adi. [Anonaceae]; species M.

seoscriie, King, affinis, foliis haud tomentosis sed furfuraceis,
paniculis brevibus, staminibus paucis, appendicibus rotundatis haud
rostratis differt.

rutexc scandens, glabrescens, ramis rufo-furfuraceis. Folia
ovata vel elliptica aut oblonga, apice cuspidata, basi rotundata
superne parce furfuracea, subtus magis furfuracea, pallida, 7-10 cm.
longa, 4-5 cm. lata, nervis 9-jugis superne inconspicuis subtus
prominulis haud arcuatis; petioli atri, rufo-furfuracei, 1°5 cm.
longi. Paniculae breves, subterminales, laxae, 7 cm. longae,
furturaceae ; bracteae parvae, 1 mm. longae, lanceolatae, ovatae ;
pedicelli 7 mm. longi. Alabastra longe conica, triquetra, obtusa,
acuminata, Sepala ovata, 2 mm. longa, Petala exteriora lanceolata,
extus rufo-furfuracea, 1 em. longa; petala interiora breviora,
lanceolata, glabra. Stamzna in veraiiiia 4, appendicibus rotundatis
planis haud rostratis convexis glabris. Pistilla pauca, hirta,

Sarawak. Entagut River, Hose, 397.

678. Melodorum paniculatum, di. [Anonaceae]; species M.
litseaefolio, King, proxima, floribus majoribus, tomento partium
juvenilium costae foliorum (subtus) et inflorescentiae rufo, staminibus
paucis oblongis, appendicibus subtriangularibus rostratis distincta.

Frutex, partibus juvenilibus ferrugineo-tomentosis. Folia elliptica,
acuminata, pe rotundata, coriacea, superne glabra costa media
excepta, su btus rufo-tomentosa, 9-11 cm. longa, 2°5—5 em. lata,
-nervis 11-12-jugis subtus prominulis ; petioli validi 5 mm. longi.
Inflorescentia terminalis, paniculata, 9-14 cm. longa, ramis 5 cm.
longis, omnino rufo-tomentosa ; bracteae lanceolatae, acutae, 1 mm
saan pedicelli 1 em. longi. Alabastra ovoidea. Sepala ovata:

subaequilonga, crassa, carinata, apice fugaciter hirta. Stamina
oblonga, pauca, appendicibus subtriangularibus rostratis lucidis
“rubies Carpella pauciora, pilis rufis longis tecta, apice

Sarawak. Kuching, Haviland, 1845.

a kg Becriox rigidum, Ridi. [Anonaceae]; scandens, foliis
vibus nec cee calyce integro nec lobato gamo-
bus insignis

pile; “diese singulis axillari

387

Frutex scandens, ramis nigris. Folia coriacea, eee cuspidata,
supra

pedicelli rufo-furfuracei, 6 mm. longi. Calyx cupuliformis, integer,
aud lobatus. Petala exteriora lanceolata, obtusa, basi latiora,

superne attenuata, rufo-tomentosa, 1°5 cm. longa < ad basim 4 mm.

lata; petala interiora multo breviora. Carpella matura cylindrica,

obtusa, paullo ad basim angustata, 3 cm. longa, 2 cm. lata, tenuiter

rufo-brunneo-velutinosa. Semina 7 atro-brunnea, lucida.
SaRAwaAk. Kuching, Haviland, 421 ; Beccari, 393.

- Melodorum longipetalum, Aidi. [Anonaceae]; species, M.
Mljenit, Hook. £., proxima, sed folia multo coriacea et laevia
petala elongata, lineari-lanceolata, longiora.

Frutex ramis gracilibns, juvenilibus rufo-tomentosis. Folia lan

ceolata, acuminata, acuta, basi rotundata, supra glabra (siccn
grisea), subtus elancescenta, glaberrima costa rufo-tomentosa
exepta, nervis ra gina oe —— nog conspicuis in

Flores sins, axillares; pedicelli 2 cm. 9 ae aut breviores ;
bracteae parvae, lineares. Sepala lanceolata, acuminata, 3 mm.
longa. Petala exteriora lineari-lanceolata, acuminata, extus tenuiter
rufo-tomentosa, intus glabra, 2°5 cm. longa, 4 cm. lata; petala in-
teriora duplo breviora, linearia, acuminata, glabra. Carpella i in toro
cylindrico pilis sericeis flavis tecto.

Sarawak. Kuching, Haviland, 2102.

“ Flowers sweet-scented.”

681. Melodorum ovalifolium, idl. [Anonaceae]; frutex scandens,
foliis parvis 5 cm. longis ovatis peltatis basi elandulis 2 instructis
coriaceis glabris, floribus singulis extra-axillaribus, Ste: is longis
angustis, staminum appendicibus wit pes quasi rostratis

Frutex scandens, ramis tomentos Folia parva, Gvistd
elliptica, breviter acuminata, ohiaaa, basi lata, peltata, Aendatie
elevatis 2 basalibus, 5 cm. longa, 2°5 cm. lata coriacea, superne

tectis ; peticli pubescentes, 4 mm. longi. lores singuli, foliis
oppositi; pedicelli tenues, hirti, 2°5 cm. longi; bracteae minutae.
Sepala ovata, obtusa, rufo-hirta, 2mm. longa. /Petala exteriora
2°5 cm. longa, basi 4 mm. lata, superne su babrupte angustata,
linearia, obtusa, rufo-hirta ; petala interiora brevissima, lanceolata,
glabra, acuminata, 5 mm. longa. Stamina appendicibus | prolongatis
medio depressis.

Sarawak. Kuching, Haviland, 3141, 3151.

This I think is certainly a Melodorum, att in many points it
resembles Xylopia, for the specimens s that it is clearly a
climber. The peltate leaves with two basal suit are very goat

682. Xylopia congesta, Rid. [Anonaceae]; species X. Scortechinii,
King, affinis, sed foliis floribusque minoribus, floribus sti in
massis parvis in ligno vetusto, petalis exterioribus et interioribus

subsimilibus, differt,

388

Frutex giabrescens. Folia lanceolata, breviter acuminata, basi
breviter angustata, 8-9 em. longa, 3°5 cm. lata, tenuiter coriacea,

scentes. Se ae 1 mm. longa, rain pubescentia. Petala
exteriora e basi latiore linearia, 3 cm. longa, 1 mm. lata; petala
interiora similia, vix pubescentia. Stamina copiosa, appendicibus
oS Smpatone acces. medio depressis. Pistilla plura,

54.

Wak. Becca
iy “opie cariifolia, Ridl. | Anonaceae] ; arbor foliis ellipticis
vel obovatis crasse coriaceis nitidis glabris, floribus paucis in massis

ex Ge-nsillaribes, earpellis maturis cylindricis elongatis eis X.
ferrugineae, Baill., similibus.

Arbor ramis iealidis, are elliptica, apice obtusa, vel obovata,
basi angustata, 11-13 em. longa, 4-5 cm. lata, valde coriacea,
nitida, glabra, nervis in cheese pagina inconspicuis 7-8-jugis
intra marginem anastomosantibus, nervulis ypetancest fere aequali-
bus: petioli validi, 5 mm. longi. Flores pauci, extra-axillares,
2-3-ni ; pedicelli 1 cm. longi. Sepala ovale acuta, glabra, 2 mm
longa. Petala lanceolata, acuta, sericea. Carpella matura cylin-
drica, basi angustata, 6 cm. longa, 7 mm. lata, stipitibus 1°5 cm.
ongis.

Sarawak. Kuching, Haviland and Hose, 3337; Hose, 1906;
Beecari, 2652, 3335.

The flowers in all the specimens are very young.

684. Xylopia ae Ridl. [Anonaceae]; arbor magna, X.
ferrugineae, Baill., affinis foliis rigide coriaceis, sepalis connatis
lobis brevibus, ‘sepallte maturis obovoideis distincta,

Arbor magna, alabastris cupreo-hirtis. Folia rigide coriacea,
lanceolata, utrinque attenuata, apice subacuta, 6-7 cm. longa,
2-3 em. lata, glabra nisi costa pilis adpressis tecta, supra fusca,
abt Feith siaabenoeln (in sicco) ; petioli canaliculati, 0°5-1 cm.

ongi, lamina ad basin decurrente. Flores plurimi, in axillis racemosi,
3-4 in nodo ; pedunculi adpresse hirti, 1 em. longi ; bracteae ovatae.
Sepala connata, lobis ovatis acuminatis adpresse hirtis 3 mm.
longis. Petala exteriora linearia, acuminata, basi rotundata, adpresse
hirta, 1°6 em. longa; petala interiora angustiora, linearia, subaequi-
onga. Stamina longiuscula, linearia, appendicibus parvis conicis.
Pistilla rafo-hirta, stylo longo glabro. Carpella (vix matura)
obovoidea, apice rotundata, basi angustata, 2 em. longa, 7 mm. lata.

eee WAK. Kuching, Haviland and Hose, 3352 ; Haviland,

. Petals yellow ; ovules numerous.”

685. Xylopia pulchella, Rid/. [Anonaceae] ; species X. rubellae,
Pierre, planta cochin-chinensi, affinis foliis parvis rotundatis,
sepalis connatis, petalis inert aha angustis, staminum appen-
dicibus parvis conicis distincta

Arbor (vel frutex) glabra. Folia ovata, obtusa, rotundata vel
paullo angustata, 4-5 em. longa, 3-3°5 em. lata, laevia (in sicco
grisea, subtus rufo-brunnea), nervis utrinque 6-7, in pagina utraque
meonspicuis ; petioli 5 mm, longi. Flores singuli, extra-axillares ;

.

389

pedicelli 5 mm. longi. Calyx gamosepalus, glaber, 2 mm. longus,
dentibus 3 brevibus. Petala exteriora lanceolata, basi dilatata,
1+2 em. longa, flava, pubescentia ; petala interiora multo angustiora,
linearia, fere aequilonga, basibus rubris. Stamina plurima, gracilia,
appendicibus conicis sai re (ut in X, obtusifolia). Styli
longi ; ei e Havi

Sarawak. Kuching, Haviland, 2101.

686. Diss lanceola, Aidl. [Anonaceae]; species X. caudutae,
King, valde affinis, floribus multo majoribus, petalis multo longi-
oribus, foliis saepe multo majoribus distincta,

Arbor ramis gracilibus. Folia lanceolata vel elliptica, acuminata,
obtusa, basi rotundata, 1*5-5 em. longa, 2 cm. lata, subtus sericeo-
pubescentia, costa pagina utraque pilis adpressis tecta, nervis valde
inconspicuis ; petioli 2 mm. longi. Flores singuli vel bini; pedicelli
brevissimi. Calyx gamosepalus, 2 mm. longus, lobis brevibus.
Petala exteriora anguste linearia, basi latiora, 6 mm. longa, 1 mm.
lata, minute adpresse hirta. _ Stamina linearia, appendicibus minutis.
Pistilla Beinn sericeo-hirsu

Ss Beccart, 1908, 3368.

687. eR pauciflora, ee [Anonaceae]; species M. umbel-
latae, Bece affinis, sed alis brevioribus, floribus paucis
racemosis, foligs rigide coriaceis lanceolatis acuminatis, fructu
olivaeformi differt.

Folia lanceolata, longe acuminata, basi cuneata, 11-14 cm. longa,
3°5-4 cm. lata, coriacea, subtus pallida, nervis 6-jugis intra
marginem arcuatim sage eeaaacgp aie costa prominente, reticula-
tionibus laxis pagina utraque conspicuis; petioli 5 mm. longi.
Flores pauci, racemosi ; ek 1 cm. vel minus longi, extra-
axillares ; pedicelli 5 mm. longi, coerulei (ex Haviland). Sepala

m.

quadrata, truncata, apice plana. lum
maturum 1, eylindricum, obtusum, olivae ongum,
2 om. latum glaucum (ex Haviland). Spned "al woldous, 2°5 cm.
longum

SARAWAK. Kuching, Haviland, 1952.

688. Mezzettiopsis, wince [Anonaceae]; genus novum Mezzettiae,
Bece., affine, forma staminum, petalis exterioribus brevibus latis
rotundatis Sietinntaleg

Arbor habitu Mezzettiae, Bece. Folia tenuiter coriacea, oblonga,
breviter petiolata. Flores copiosi, parvi, ex axillis foliorum pani-
culati hirti. Sepala parva, ovata, libera. Petala exteriora brevia,

apice au a acutis. Pistilla 6 vel plura, curva, eae brevi.
Ovulum 1, basa
Mezzettiopsis OS Ridl. ; species unica,

Arbor ramulorum cortice nigro. Folia elliptica, breviter obtuse
cuspidata, basi angustata, 12 cm. longa, 4 cm. lata, nervis utrinque 6
subtus elevatis intra marginem anastomosantibus, omnino glabra ;
petioli 3 mm. longi. Flores parvi in paniculas breves hirtas 2 em.
longas dispositi ; bracteae ovatae, hirtae, 1 mm, longae. Sepala

26866 B

390

minima, ovata, hirta. Petala exteriora brevia, late rotundata, ovata,
hirta; petala interiora linearia, obtusa, 5 mm. longa, crassa, sub-
carnosa, hirta, basibus excavatis androecium tegentibus. Stamina
circiter 20, elliptica, apice cuspidata, 2-locularia. Carpella 6 vel
plura, stamina vix superantia, stylis brevibus obtusis. Ovulum 1,
basale.

British NortH Borneo. Tinkayo, Creagh.

This plant seems certainly allied to Mezzettia of which it has
much the habit. The stamens have, however, the form of those of
Alphonsea, It differs from every genus known to me in the short,
broad, rounded outer petals whiich are much shorter than the inner
ones, in the form of the stamens and in the numerous pistils with
solitary basal ovules.

689. Dalbergia maymyensis, Craid [Leguminosae-Dalbergieae] ;
ab affini D. assamica, Benth., stipulis linearibus, foliolis paucioribus,
paniculis minoribus, racheos pedunculi ramulorumque juvenilium
indumento rufo-tomentoso facile distinguenda.

Arbor mediocris (ex Lace) ; ramuli primo rufo-tomentosi, mox
glabri, cortice fusco obtecti. Folia cum floribus coetanea, ad 12 cm
longa, 3-10-foliolata, petiolo ad 2 em. longo suffulta, petiolo rachi
petiolulisque primo rufo-tomentosis mox breviter crispatim albido-
pubescentibus 3 stipulae lineares, 2 mm. longae, 0°75 mm. latae, cito
deciduae ; foliola alterna, ovato-elliptica vel elliptico-oblonga, apice
parum retusa, basi terminalia cuneata, lateralia parum inaequalia,
cuneata vel rotundata, ad 4°3 em. longa, 2°1 cm. lata, rigida, juventute
utrinque adpresse pubescentia, mox utrinque tenuiter pilosa, nervis
Jateralibus utrinque 6-8 cum nervis transversis pagina superiore
prominentibus inferiore conspicuis, petiolulis ad 4 mm. longis suffulta.
Paniculae axillares, ad 3°5 cm. diametro, pedunculo communi 3-4
cm. longo ut ramuli rufo-tomentoso suffultae ; bracteae bracteolaeque
deciduae ; pedicelli 2 mm. longitudine vix attingentes. Calycis
tubus 2 mm. longus ; lobus infimus lanceolatus, acutiusculus, 2°5 mm.
longus, 1°25 mm. latus ; lobi laterales oblongi, obtusi, circiter 1°5 mm.
longi et lati ; lobi infimi basi connati, circiter 2 mm. longi et lati.
Vezillum reflexum, orbiculatum, circiter 6 mm. diametro ; alae 6 mm.
longae, 3°5 mm. latae, basi breviter auriculatae ; carina circiter 3°75
mm. longa et 2°75 mm. lata ; petalorum omnium ungues circiter 1°5
mm. longi. Stamina isodiadelphia. Ovarium 4 mm, altum, 4-
ovulatum, stipite 1°5 mm. longo suffultum, suturis pubescens ; stylus
cylindricus 1:5 mm, longus, stigmate parvo capitato. Legumen
samaroideum, plerumque late ligulatum, apice acutum, basi in
stapitem attenuatum, ad 7 cm. longum et fere 1°5 em. latum, glabrum,
tenuiter reticulatum nisi umbone distincte reticulatum, 1- vel 2-
boa satire stipite ad 8 mm. lengo suffultum. \

NdO-Cuina. Upper Burma: Maymyo Plateau, 1050 m., Lace
3113, 4134, 5793, 5848; Mu Rives Sanley. ees

690. Sedum Woodwardii, N.E.Brown [Crassulaceac] ; affinis S.
Aizoo, Linn, sed foliis obovatis obliquis obtuse dentatis et cymis
majoribus laxioribusque differt.

Herba perennis, ubique glabra. Caules circa 30 cm. alti, simplices,

mm. crassi, leviter pluri-angulati, virides. Folia alterna, laxa,
3°5-6 em. longa, 2-3 cm, lata, oblique cuneato-obovata, obtusa,

391

superne irregulariter et obtuse dentata, inferne longe cuneato-
angustata, tenuiter carnosa, viridia. ma 7-9 cm. diametro,
subplana, 2-5-ramosa ; rami dichotomi, sublaxi, bracteati, virides.
Bracteae interiores magnae, foliiformes, ceterae multo minores 0°8-2°5
cm. longae, 3-10 mm. latae, oblique cuneato-oblanceolatae, acutae
vel obtusae, integrae. Flores 5-10 mm. sejuncti, sessiles, 1°3 cm.
diametro, Sepala 4-5 mm. longa, lineari-subulata, obtusa, carnosa,
viridia. Petala 5, stellatim radiata, mm. longa, 2 mm. lata,
lanceolata, acuta, lutea. Stamina 10, erecta, lutea. COarpella arcte
contigua, erecta, pallide lutea.
origin of this plant is not known with certainty. It was sent
to Kew for name on Sept. 24, 1912, by Mr. Robert Woodward,
Junior, of Arley Castle, with the statement that it had appeared in
ed with some seedlings of a species of Sambucus, of which the
seeds were collected in the Rocky Mountains, near Glacier, on
Sept. 3, and sown on Noy. 11, 1911, germinating in May, 1912.
As the Sedum is stated to have a rather woody root-stock with
many short shoots, it seems scarcely credible that it is only of four
months’ growth from seed. There is just a possibility, however, that
it may be a stray seedling from a bed about 3 yards away, where
seedlings of Wilson’s 1910-1911 Chinese collection are growing.
This latter assumption seems more probable, because there is no
species nearly allied to it known from North America, whilst its
nearest ally (S Azzoon, L.), is a native of Northern Asia. Sedum
Woodwardii, however, is not represented among Wilson’s dried
plants at Kew.

LIV.—THE SOURCE OF SIAM BENZOIN.
(Styrax benzoides, Craib).

The lack of information as to the source of Siam benzoin has

-assistance to trace the origin of the product Dr. Kerr was
communicated with on the subject. We are much indebted to
Dr. Kerr for his kind reply to our enquiry from which we have
extracted the following interesting information.

The Styrax tree which grows on Doi Sootep and which is fairly
common at 600-1200 m. altitude in evergreen jungle, particularly
in that type of forest where Quercus Junghuhnit predominates an
where the soil consists of a stiff red clay overlain by a thick layer
of humus, was, from flowering material only, believed to be
S. Benzoin (Kew Bull. 1911, p. 409). The receipt of fruiting
specimens showed, however, that it was not S. Benzoin but a new
species closely allied to S. suberifolius and since described as
S. benzoides (Kew Bull. 1912, p. 267). S. benzoides, on Doi Sootep,
grows rapidly and attains a height of 12-15 m. and a girth of about
9 dm. but most of the trees are smaller though in other parts
larger trees are reported. Several Kamus, natives of the Luang
Prabang region from which most of the gum comes, have, without
a leading question, identified the Doi Sootep tree as ton kum yan,
kum yan being the Lao and Siamese name for gum benzoin. It

392

must be admitted that small specific differences might not be noted by
the natives though they are often acute observers of such points
particularly where economic plants are concerned.

Kerr’s belicf that this tree is the source of the Siamese gum

majority of cases the cuts were very old and on most trees no gum
at all was observed but on a few there was a small incrustation of
gum along the cuts. The largest piece of gum obtained weighed
about 25 grammes and was found ina hole made by some wood-
borer. It was a homogeneous, transparent, pale amber piece with
the characteristic odour of Siam benzoin,

e principal method of collecting the gum is by making
V-shaped incisions through the bark. The gum runs slowly into
bamboo joints placed at the bottom of the V and is not
collected until a few weeks after the incision is made. This
is generally done during the hot season. Gum is also frequently
found in holes made by wood-borers and sometimes on or in the
ground at the foot of the trunk. The quality of the gum is
the same by whatever method it is collected. Whether any parti-
cular tree will yield gum or not can only be ascertained by tapping
as only the larger trees and not even all of them yield gum.

one of the gum obtained near Chiengmai is exported, but
nearly all of it is used locally, mixed with pig’s fat, as an
application for the hair. Most of the gum which reaches
hiengmai is brought there by the Kamus during the cold season
from the Luang Prabang region to the East of the Mé Kong.
native merchant buys it and ships it to Bangkok. This merchant
estimates his yearly purchases at 5 sens (approximately 10 cwt.),
but for the last two years the quantity has been less because, he
says, it no longer pays the Kamus to collect it and bring it down.
Although the merchant had heard that the tree grew on Doi Sootep
he had never bought gum from any district but Luang Prabang.
_ Gum benzoin is also brought to Korat in Lower Siam but no
information as to its source is available.

LV.—MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.

Mr. F. A. SrockpaLe.—We learn that Mr. F. A. Stockdale,
Assistant Director of the Department of Science and Agriculture
and Government Botanist, British Guiana, has been appointed
Director of Agriculture, Mauritius.

Mr. Water Victor Nortu, a member of the gardening
staff of the Royal Botanic Gardens, has been appointed by the
Secretary of State for India in Council, on the recommendation of

ew, @ probationer gardener for service in India.

393

Dr. M. C. Cooxr.—In consequence of the announcement in the
Journal of Botany for September, 1912, p. 296, which we read
* with deep regret, of the death of our former colleague, Dr. M. C.
Cooke, a notice of his life and scientific work appeared in the last
number of the Kew Bulletin. It gives us much pleasure to learn
from Dr, Cooke himself that he is in excellent health.

Joun Davirs Enys.—We notice with regret the PT oe,
of the death of Mr. J. D, Enys of Enys, Penryn, Cor l, an
old and valued correspondent of Kew. Mr. Enys, who was ae in
October, 1837, was the pig tb of a family which has been
seated at Enys since the time of Edward I. He resided for many
ee in New Zealand, whee he was a magistrate from 1865 to

1891, and no doubt to his long connection with oi Colony must
be attributed his interest in the New Zealand Flor

A brief account of the garden at Enys was given in Kew Bulletin,
1893, p. 357, and note is made of some of the interesting New
Zealand plants cultivated there. Among them were plants of
Fagus Solandri (not F. Cunninghamensis as stated in Kew “Bulletin
which Mr. Enys brought back to Cornwall aga New

other interesting introductions may be mentioned Fan
Cliffortioides, a species growing at an altitude cy ahout 2500 feet
between Christchurch and Hokitika, plants of which were sent to
Kew by Mr. Enys in 1888. One of his first gifts to Kew was the
very fine specimen of the New aa sheep plant Raoulia
abner ag gon in Museum No. IL, which he sent over to
England in 1

Among a Se he is renowned for the introduction and
successful culture of the Chatham Island Forget-me-not, Myosz-
tidium nobile. In a letter to Kew in 1894 he wrote that the leaves
of his plants at gre were nearly 18 inches across, of a vivid green,
and nearly 3 fee

Another tie ai Kew lay in the fact that he was a cousin of
Miss Marianne North.

He died on November 7th at Leeds, where he had gone to
undergo an operation.

Propagation of Rhamnus Purshiana (Cascara Sagrada). —In an
article on Cascara Sagrada which appea ate in the Kew Bulletin,
1908, p. 429, the question of the tree proving a remunerative
culture in parts of the British Isles was Resting With a view to
having the tree tested in quantity two separate consignments of
seeds were obtained from North America and distributed amongst a
number of gardens in various parts of Great Britain and Ireland.
Unfortunately, the greater part failed to germinate. As the few
trees already in cultivation do not bear seed in great "eu it
was desirable to find out if the tree could be increased by cuttings.
A considerable quantity — been put in at various seasons, from
the soft cuttings of young wood in June, to autumn cuttings in
gentle heat and leafless earings in cold frames in early winter.

394

e autumn and winter cuttings have hitherto been complete
failures and the greatest success has been secured with those made
of younger wood. In June some cuttings made of the new shoots -
were put in mild bottom heat in a close frame ; they were three or
four inches long with a “heel” of older wood at the base, and
50 per cent. took root. In early July, when the wood had, of
course, become firmer, a second batch of similar cuttings was put in
under the same conditions ; of these about 85 per cent. took root.
From present experience, therefore, it would seem that July is the
best month to take cuttings. Vegetation in the earlier part of the

may expect to get an almost perfect “strike ” of July cuttings.
w. J. B.

Botanical Magazine for November.—The plants figured are
Eriopsis Helenae, Kriinzl, (t. 8462); Mesembryanthemum Pearsonii,
N. E. Brown (t. 8463) ; Cornus controversa, Hemsl. (t. 8464) ; Iris
caroliniana, S. Wats. (t. 8465) and Corokia virgata, Turrill
(t. 8466).

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time in 1909 ; the plant having been presented by Messrs. Sander
m 1894. The description was drawn up by Krinzlin from a
specimen which flowered at St. Albans in 1897. The flower scapes,
some 60 cm. long, with their numerous yellowish-brown flowers are
very striking.

Mesembryanthemum Pearsonii is one of this remarkable group of
South African plants with a single pair of leaves and shows consider-
able resemblance to M. testiculare and M. Bolusii. The leaves,

owever, are much larger than those of the former species and from
the latter it differs particularly in having no style but a large
sessile discoid stigma. The plant which forms the subject of the
illustration was collected during the Percy Sladen Expedition to
the Orange River and sent by Prof. H. H. W. Pearson to Kew in
1911 where it flowered shortly afterwards.
he Cornus is one of the most elegant of small deciduous trees in
cultivation. he leaves are alternate, though this is not very
clearly shown in the figure, i
rom all other species except
figured was obtained from M

C. brachypoda has been dealt with under C. macrophylla, Wall.
eee © C. controversa is a native of the Himalaya and Eastern

395
Iris caroliniana is an_ interesting ue from Virginia and

Ws Ac pct in North
— hs was ee by the late Mr. S. Watson from a

in cultivation at Kew for some ten years previous]; y.
_ The Corokia figured at t. 8466. has been in cultivation at Kew

the species illustrated,

Opuntias in the Canary Islands.— Whilst soiling: some months i
the Canary Islands I took the opportunity to study the various
Ha of Opuntia growing there, and noticed the following species

n Grand Canary and Teneriffe :—

1. Opuntia brasiliensis, Haw. In a garden at Orotava, Teneriffe.
Lowe records this in his “ Flora of Maderia,” as having
been introduced into that island, but he does not state if it
had become wild or not, in his time.

2. Caustic ficusindice, Webb and other writers, but not the

e O. Ficus-indica = O. Tuna of some writers. This
se Webb called Opuntia Ficus-indica, in his “ Histoire
at. des Iles Canaries,” iii., 1840, p. 308, stating that it

has two varieties :—
a. spinosa, with yellowish-white spines.
p. inermis aut parce spinosa, unarmed or nearly so.
It is also the plant which was i et paar gms by
Bourgeau under his No. 1239, the e of Cactus
tcus-indica, and is called O. Cea saien by "Pitard and
Proust—“ Les Iles Canaries,” 1909, p. 197. It is certainly
not the O. Ficus-indica of the coast regions o
Mediterranean, nor the true Cactus Ficus-indica, L.

It appears to have been the plant used principally for the
rescneiags industry, and is still extensively cultivated at
Arucas, in Grand Canary, for this purpose. Where grown
for eur and feeding the Cochineal insect it rarely seems
to flower and fruit, but elsewhere—on abandoned cochineal
plantations—its rich orange flowers, turning to pink as they
fade, are abundantly produced and the fruit is eaten in
considerable quantity.

~ The thorns of this Opuntia are short and white, generally
two or three together, but in old plants often single,
almost entirely absent.

396

3. Opuntia Dillenti, Haw. Very common close to the sea in
Grand Canary, and used for hedges in Teneriffe. This is
the O. Tuna of Webb and of Bourgeau No. 263, and also
of Pitard and Proust.

The spines of this plant are used in the cochineal
industry to pin on the rags that protect the insect. —

4, Opuntia monacantha, Haw. Only found by me once in Grand
Canary—probably in what had been a garden.

5. Opuntia robusta, Wendl. Cultivated, I believe, formerly for
Cochineal, now allowed to grow in a wild state in Teneriffe
for its fruit, which according to Schumann “ Gesamt-
beschreibung des Kakteen,” p. 742, is considered in Mexico
one of the best to eat.

6. Opuntia tomentosa, Salm-Dyck. In Teneriffe, but not very
plenti n some plants [ found Cochineal doing well.

7. Opuntia sp., from Grand Canary—a plant with rather long

ark thorns, a specimen of which is now in cultivation in
the Royal Botanic Gardens, Calcutta, as No. 33,924. It
has not yet been identified.

8. Opuntia sp. Another species with straight spines from

eneriffe. A specimen of which is now in cultivation at
the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
M. BurRKILL.

Marram Grass for Paper-making—Among other plants suggested
as suitable for the Paper-maker which have recently been examined
in this connection is the common Marram Grass of our coasts,
Ammophila arenaria, Link.

This grass, as is well known, is grown on the sand hills around our
shores and acts as a very valuable sand-binder. It now appears that it
possesses quite useful qualities as a source of material for paper-
making. Messrs. Clayton Beadle and Stevens have kindly
examined a consignment of Marram Grass sent through Kew from
the Norfolk sand hills. They inform us that the grass was boiled
under pressure, without passing through crushing rollers, and then
bleached. The figures for the yield of unbleached and bleached
fibres, expressed on the original green weight of stem as received and
on the dry weight, are as follows :—

ii. Green Stem. Dry Stem.
nbleached .... coe 17°F per cent. 31° ent.
Bleached ves ins SI : 260 ee

The average length of unbeaten fibres contained in the pulp
taken on an average of ten measurements was found to be 0°65 mm.

Marram Grass is found to produce a soft pulp with a short tear
which more nearly resembles in general feel and external appearance
the pulp produced from Esparto or chemical aspen wood pulp.

The ptimary function of Marram Grass is of course as a sand-
binder, but it is possible that should it be deemed of sufficient
Importance as a paper-making material its cultivation could be
extended over considerable tracts of sandy country bordering the
coast In various parts of the British Isles.

[Crown Copyright Reserved.]

ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW.

BULLETIN

OF

MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.

No. 10.] (1912.

LVI—CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE FLORA OF SIAM.

Il. List or Stamese PLANTs, witH Descriptions oF NEW
SPECIES—continued.*
W. C. Grats.

The present contribution, dealing with the Monocotyledones and
Gymnosperms with the exception of the Family Orchidaceae, which
is reserved for a separate paper, is continued on exactly the same
lines as the earlier papers dealing with the Dicotyledones.

Just before the publication of the first contribution—the
Polypetalae — there aeppended in Bot. Centralbl., Beihefte
XXvil. 2, pp. 455- 507, a paper by C. C. Hosseus entitled “ Beitriige
zur Flora Siams,” and before the publication of the second con-
tribution—the Gamopetalae. and Incompletae—there appeared in the
same publication (vol. xxviii. 2, pp. 357-457) a paper entitled “ Die
botanischen Ergebnisse meiner [xpedition nach Siam” by the
same author. In the following enumeration these papers are cited
briefly Hosseus i. and Hosseus i il., respectively.

MONOCOTYLEDONES.
HYDROCHARIDACEAE,
Enhydrias angustipetala, Ridley a oe Sica Yi i 2
Lagarosiphon Roxburghii, F.B.1., v. p. 659, in par
Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, in swamp, 330 m., Ker ; 1626d.
Distr. Malay Peninsula, es Japan.

Ottelia alismoides, Pers.—!'.B.I., 2.
Chiengmai, in marsh at foot of bo: i Sootep, 300 m., Kerr, 654.
Distr. Trop. Asia and Australia

BURMANNIACEAE,
Rese: disticha, Linn.—F.B.1., v. p. 664; Fl. Indo-Chine,
_ Chiengma, Doi Sootep, in open marshy ground, 660 m., Kerr,
take S.E. Asia to Australia.
* Continued from K.B., 1911, p. 474. See also K.B., 1912, pp. 144 and 264,
(27089—6a,) Wt, 189—808, 1125, 12/12. D&S,

398

_Burmannia Wallichii, Hook. f., F.B.L, v. p. 666 ; F I. icilo- Chine,

E Chisirn, Doi Sootep, on mossy bank in evergreen jungle by a
stream, 540 m., Kerr, 926.
Distr: Burma, Hong-Kong.

ScITAMINEAE.

Globba Clarkei, Baker, F.B.L., vi. p. 201; K. Schum., Engler
Pflanzenr., Zingib., P- 134,
Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, in evergreen jungle, 900-1500 m., Kerr,
1370, 13702.
Distr, Sikkim, Khasia,
Globba Kerrii, Crazb, sp. n., ob staminodia majuscula distincta,
Herba erecta, 43-82 cm. alta. Folia lanceolata, apice acuminata,
acuta, basi in petiolum brevissimum attenuata, 12-22 cm. longa, a
2 cm. lata, utrinque glabra ; vaginae infimae circiter 6, parum
rubrescentes, sub- es supremae paroe breviter pubescentes,
omnes ciliatae ; ligula circiter 2 mm. lon Panicula erecta, ad
9 cm. longa, ramis inter se patie didéanti bas mox patulis infimis
ad 3 cm, longis glabris; bracteae bracteolaeque deciduae ; bulbilli
yari. Calyx 5 mm. longus, lobis deltoideis 1°5 mm. longis ciliatis.
Corollae tubus 1°3 cm. longus, extra puberulus, lobi ad 7 mm. longi.
Staminodia tatoralie subelliptica, 1°7 em. longa, 8 mm, lata, corollae
lobos insigniter excellentia; labellum 1:2 cm. longum, pilobatum,
lobis oblongis obtusis 5 mm. longis 1°5 mm. latis ; anthera 2°25 mm.
longa, ala ‘inaequaliter bilobata 2-5 mm. longa ‘ubrinque instructa.
Ovarium ad 4mm.
See Doi Sootep, in open grassy jungle, 900-1200 m.,
Kerr, 8.
ae Nisbetiana, Craib, sp. n., G. pauciflorae, King ex Baker,
ie similis sed indumento crassiore distinguenda.
Caules 7-15 om. alti. Folia ovato-lanceolata, acuminata vel
ee eee acuminata, acuta, basi late cuneata, 2-4°5 cm. longa,
"8—1°6 cm. lata, breviter petiolata, supra pilis longis rigidis hie
illic Suatiiot subtus tenuiter pilosa, ciliata ; vaginae infimae ad 4,
irsutae, ciliatae ; ligula vix 1 mm. longa, pilosa. Inflore-
scentia pauciflora, erecta : bracteae oblongae, “Acaminstae, 6 mm
longae, 3 mm. latae. Cal yx 2°5 mm. longus, lobis brevibus acutis.
Corollae tubus 1°6 cm. longus, extra puberulus, lobi ad 5 mm. longi.
Staminodia lateralia elliptica, circiter 8 mm. longa et 5 mm. lata ; ;
labellum 8 mm, ongum, bilobum, lobis parum “lobatis ; ; anthera
2 mm, longa, ala inaequaliter biloba (lobo infero supero parum
al e) ad 2°5 mm, longa 1:25 mm. lata utrinque ornata. Ovarium
“5 mm. altum
Cheng e Sootep, in evergreen jungle, 900-1200 m.; Kerr,

399

Globha platystachya, Baker, F.B.L., p. 2063... C eiate
dingres Pflanzenr., Zingib., p. 144; FI. Thilo Chine, vi. p. 3
iehabontt River (ex Pl. ‘Indo- Chine).
Dis S. 1

aici Benes Craib, sp. u., G. cernuae, Baker, affinis sed
foliorum pagina inferiore glabra et ut vaginis purpurascente,
panicula erecta distinguenda.

Herba ad 37 cm. alta, vaginis praesertim supremis foliorumque
pagina inferiore purpureis. olia Svar espeieerie vel lanceolata,
apice acuminata, acuta, basi cuneata, 6—-11°3 cm. longa, 1*1—-3°2 cm.
lata, brevissime ‘petiolata, utrinque Sica wave infimae ad 6,
parce breviter pubescentes, conspicue ciliatae ; ; pha pat
superne strigosa, strigoso-ciliata. Panicula 4-5 cm lon recta ;
bracteae infimae virides, jameeolitae val a eautindoleee. nee
ad 1°8 cm. longae, bulbilliferae ; ; bulbilli ovoidei, obtuse acuminati,
verrucosi, 3 mm. longi, Calyx 3 mm. longus, breviter 3-lobatus.
Corollae luteae (ex Kerr) tubus 1°7 cm. tiie, lobi ad 5 mm. longi.

taminodia lateralia oblongo-lanceolata, 5 mm. longa, 1°5 mm, tate: ;
labellum 6 mm. longum ; anthera 2 mm, longa, alis duobus oblongo-
lanceolatis supremis ad 3 mm. longis et 1 mm. latis infimis paullulo
minoribus utringne ornata. Ovarium vix 2 mm. altum, parum
verrucosum

hiengmai, Doi lea in evergreen jungle, 1050 m., Kerr, 1316.

Globba reflexa, Craib, sp. G. versicolore, Sith, foliis
angustioribus Ep abe, Canals nutante, bracteis sub anthesin
reflexis recedi

Caulis 40-56 cm. altus. Folia oupcieee mere apice acuta,

basi obtusa, 6°5-20 cm. longa, 0°7-1'4 cm. lata, sessilia, ‘supra fere
glabra, subtus pilosa, chartacea ; vaginae sie saltem 5, ciliatae ;
igula brevis, longe ciliata apicemque ersus sa, Panicula

a
lanceolatae, persistentes, reflexae, ad 1°5 cm. longae et 3 mm. latae ;
bulbilli deficientes. Calyx 4:5 mm. longus, ‘breviter 3-lobatus.

Staminodia lateralia 1°2 cm. longa; labellum 8 mm. longum,
bilobatum, lobis anguste oblongis obtusiusculis ; anthera 2°5 mm,
longa, latere utroque alis duobus acutis 2°5 mm. longis supremis
1 mm. sco infimis 6°5 mm, latis ornata. Ovarium verruculosum,
2mm

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, 600-900 m., Kerr, 616, 1202.

Globba Schomburgkii, Hook. f —_ Williams: Bull. Herb. Boiss., iv
(1904) p. 361, 2 part; K. Schum., Engler Pflanzenr., Zingib.,
p. 153°; FI: Indo-Chine, v1. Poon: Hosseus, i ii, p. 374,

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, in mixed and deciduous jungles,
330-450 m., Kerr, 1298 ; Kampeng, 50 m., Hosseus, 33; Bangkok,
Schomburgh, 306 ; Petcliabouri, Pier rye, 4

Distr. Camb

The Anhin plant (Sshondagh 255) referred by Williams, Le., to
this species has been described as a distinct species under the n name
G. colpicola, K. Schum

Globba xantholeuca, Cap ib, sp. n., G. panicoidi, Miq., aftinis sed
foliis haud glabris facile aot cinta.

27089 A 2

400
a

Caules 30-58 em. alti. Folia anguste lanceolata, apice attenuata,
acuta, basi late cuneata, 9°5-15 cm. longa, ad 1:7 cm. lata,
brevissime petiolata, supra pilis longis rigidis basi tuberculatis hic
illic instructa, subtus pilis similibus nisi tenuioribus numerosioribus ;
vaginae infimae circiter 5, conspicue ciliatae ; ligula ad 2°5 mm.
longa, ciliata. Panicula erecta, ad 6 em. longa, pedunculo ad 6 cm.
longo suffulta, glabra ; rami patuli, inter se remoti, infimi ad 3 cm.
longi, pauciflori; bracteae bracteolaeque cito deciduae ; bulbilli rari,
ambitu oblongi, acuminati, ad 1°5 em. longi, glabri. Calyx vix 5 mm.
longus, glaber ; lobi lanceolati, acuti vel subacuti, vix 2 mm, longi.
Corollae albae (ex Kerr) tubus 1°2 cm. longus, lobi 3°5-4 mm. longi.
Siaminodia \ateralia 4 mm. longa; labellum luteum (ex Kerr),
emarginatum ; anthera 1°5 mm. longa, latere utroque ala lineari-
lanceolata acuta 3°5 mm. longa 0°75 mm. lata instructa.

Meh Ping, Kampeng, in mixed jungle, Kerr, 2031.

Globba Yeatsiana, Craib, sp. n., a G. versicolore, Smith, foliis
subtus glabris recedit.

Caules circiter unimetrales. Folia lanceolata vel late lanceolata,
apice acuminata, acutissima, basi late cuneata, ad 28 cm. longa
et 4 cm. lata, petiolo ad 7 mm. longo suffulta, utrinque glabra ;
vaginae infimae circiter 5, stramineae, ciliolatae ; ligula 2-2°5 mm.
longa, ciliolata. Panicula plerumque cernua, ad 13 cm. longa;
rami divaricati, satis distantes, ad 6 cm. longi, pauciflori, glabri ;
bracteae deciduae, oblongo - lanceolatae, acutiusculae, dorso
carinatae, 5 mm. longae, 1°75 mm. latae. Calyx 5 mm. longus,
3-lobatus, Corollae luteae (ex Kerr) tubus 17 cm. longus, extra
puberulus, lobi ad 7 mm. longi. Staminodia lateralia linearia,
1-4 cm. longa, vix 2 mm. lata; labellum 1:2 em. longum, bilobum,
lobis oblongis apice rotundatis ; anthera 2 mm. longitudinis paululo
excedens, ala subaequaliter bilobata 2°5 mm. longa 1°5 mm. lata lobis
acutis utrinque instructa. Ovarium 4 mm. altum.

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, in evergreen jungle, 960 m., Kerr, 1214.

Gagnepainia Godefroyi, K. Schum., Engler Pflanzenr., Zingib.,
p. 130; Fl. Indo-Chine, vi. p. 43.

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, generally in shady spots near a stream,
720 m., Kerr, 615.

Distr. Laos (ex Fl. Indo- Chine).

T am indebted to Mons. Gagnepain for the identification of this

from the copious notes supplied by Mons. Gagnepain the appen-
dages of the lip are very variable. There are 5 glands or appendages
to the labellum all subject to variation in length and sometimes
some of them are almost completely wanting as must have been the
case with the flower serving for the figure in Engler Pflanzenr.,
lc., fig. 18e where the two lower ones are not represented at all.

Kaempferia elegans, Wall.?—¥F.B.1., vi. p- 222; K. Schum.,
Engler Pflanzenr., Zingib., p. 82.

uengmai, Doi Sootep, in mixed jungle, 330 m., Kerr, 1911.

Distr. Burma.

Kaempferia Galanga, Linn. —¥.B.1., vi. p. 219; K. Schum,
Engler Pflanzenr., Zingib., p- 77; FI. Indo-Chine, vi., p. 49.

401
Bere: Ping, Muang Hawt, in deciduous jungle, 240 m., Kerr,

Tee S.E. Asia.
Lao name, Wan "Ten Din Yen (ex Kerr).
Kaempferia pandurata, Roxb.—F.B.L., vi. p. 220; ae Schum.,

hiengmai, Doi Sootep, in mixed jungle, 330 m., Ker ry “1341.

Distr. S.E. Asia—often cultivated

Kaempferia rotunda, Linn. ae vi. “p. 2223 KO Schum,
Engler ae Zingiber., pe ois FL Tada Vi. pO STS
Hosseus, ii. p. 3

iengmal, ben common in deciduous and open jungles on Doi
Sootep, 300-1350 m., Kerr, 637; Doi Sootep, 700-1300 m.,
Hosseus, 437.

Distr, §.E, Asia—often cultivated.

Stahlianthus macrochlamys, Craih, comb. nov. Kaempferia
macrochlamys, Baker, ee vi. p. 223; K. Schum., Engler
Pflanzenr. , Zingib.,

Chiengmai, es Soot in ve, as 900 m., Kerr, 1807.

Distr. Tena

To Stahiianthus 4a belong K. joclanieta, King ex Baker and
probably K. Andersoni, Baker.

Pe dg longiflora, Wall.— ¥.B.L., His p. 217, in part;

K. Schum., Engler Pflanzenr., Zingib., p. 9

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, in evergreen eek 750 m., Kerr, 1379.

Distr. Himalaya, Parasnath, Assam, Burma.

Gastrochilus parvula, Wall. ex aot F.B.L, vi. p. 218;
_K. Schum., Engler Pflanzenr., Zingib., p. 9

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, in damp ase jungle, 900-1200 m.,
Kerr, 737.

Distr. Upper Burma.

Hedychium ellipticum, Ham. ex rice BI vi. p. 228;
K. Schum., Engler PrTRee cit. Aingiber., p. 4

Chiengmai, Boi Sootep, on rocks in open jungle, 900-1350 m.,
Kerr, 788, 2658

Distr. Hininlaya, Khasia.

Hedychii elliptici, Ham, ex Smith, var. vel sp. no Differt
habitu aaa spicis Stanteistie longioribus, Horiba paulo
majori

"aes Doi Sootep, 1650 m., Kerr, 1304.

Hedychii Gardneriani, Wall., var.? Differt spicis densioribus,
bracteis majoribus floribusque albis.

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, 1650 m., Kerr, 1305.

Curcuma (Exantha) ecomata, Craib, sp. n., ob inflorescentiam
densam comamque deficientem distincta.

Folia oblongo-elliptica, apice breviter acuminata, acuta, basi in
petiolum attenuata, ad 39 cm. longa et 13 em. lata, supra glabra
vel costa tantum parcissime setulosa, subtus tenuiter hirsutula ;
petioli ad 20 em. longi; vaginae aphyllae saltem 4, superiore

cm. longa. Pedunenlus ad 7 cm, longus, basi squamis duobus
pedunculo paululo longioribus instructus ; bracteae inter se plus

402

mipusve connatae, sicco stramineae vel brunneae, interdum apicem
versus rubrescentes, apice rotundatae, ad 3 cm. longae et 2°7 cm.
latae, marginatae, glabrae. Calyx hyalinus, circiter 1 cm. longus.
Corollae tubus vix 3 cm. longus, superne ampliatus, pilis deflexis
extra instructus ; lobi lanceolati vel Sblondislanonclat, acuti, inter
se subaequales, ad 15 mm. longi et 4°5 m ati. Staminodia
purpurea (ex Kerr), subrhomboides, acuta, 1S mm. longa, 7 mm.
lata; labellum subrotundatum, basi angustatum, 1°2 cm. diametro,
purpureum nisi medio luteum (ex Kerr); filamentum latum,
Sor 5 mm. ean anthera 8 mm, longa, caleare circiter 2 mm.
lon

Chien ngmai, Doi Sootep, 660 m., Kerr, 1155 (leaf-specimens
collected three weeks after siete: specimens),

Curcuma longa, Linn.—F.B.I., p. 214; K. et Engler
Pflanzenr., Zingiber., p. 108 ; -) 1 Suds. Chine 3

Probably native in E. India or Indo-China—cultivated in the
tropics.

Lao name, Kamin Pah (ex Kerr).

Cureuma parviflora, Wall. ee vi. p. 215; Williams, Bull.
Herb. Boiss., iv. (1904) p. 232; K. Schum. Eng ler Pflanzenr.,
Zingib., p. 102 ;* Fl. Indo-Chine, vi. “e 61; eae ii, p. 3738

hiengmai, Doi Sootep, in deciduous jungle, 300-720 m., Kerr,
7195 Wang Djao, 100 m., Hosseus, 56.

Distr. B ma, [Laos, ex Fl. Indo-Chine, Siamese Malay
Peninsula, ex William s].

Curcuma zedoaria; Roscoe, forma, Hosseus, ii. p. 374.

Wang Djao, 140 m. (ex Hosseus).

Curcuma sp. aff. C. sessili, Gage.
ce = io vias ‘jungle on lower slopes of Doi Sootep,

According to Dr. Kerr the whole inflorescence is eaten by the
natives,

Lao name, Dawk Aaow (ex Kerr).

Amomum siamense, Craib, sp. n., ab A. Robertsonii, Craib, foliis
glabris distinguenda.

aules ad 2°7 m, alti (ex Kerr), ee pane ultra 2 cm. pees
superne tantum foliati. Folia
apice acuminata, acuta, basi in

subtus glaucescentia, Ailes 7 cm, a suffulta ; - Tiga omnes
mancae, saltem 3

n

longi. Corollae albae (ex Kerr) tubus 2 em. lon ngus ; lobi sting:
oblanceolati, acuti, ad 17 mm. longi et 6°5 mm. lati. Staminodia
lateralia parva, dentiformia ; labellum album, luteo-maculatum

403

ae aad in evergreen jungle on Doi Sootep, 1200-1650 m.,
Kerr, 5
pee (Cryptanthium) Bradleyanum, Cruzb, sp. ab affini
Z. barbato, Wall., foliis latioribus subtus ‘alles foe angustiori-
bus pense
Herba 58-63 cm. alta. Folia lanceolata vel oblongo-lanceolata,
apice acuminata, acuta, basi attenuata, plerumque circiter 40 cm
longa et 6°5 cm. lata, fere sessilia, supra glabra, subtus villosa ;
ligula bifida, 3 em. longitudinis vix attingens, “ad 5 mm. lata, viridis,
parce pubescens; vaginae infimae 2-3, ut superiores substrigosae.
Inflorescentia e spicis 4 per paria lateraliter disposita superpositis
constituta ; pedunculus spicae inferioris 2-4 cm. longus, superioris
multo brevior, squamis imbricatis tectus ; Pima circiter 3-3°5
lone bracteae dorso substrigosae, infimae 3 cm. longae ; bracte-
olae 23 mm. longae, 3 mm. latae. Calyx hyalinus, 9 mm. longus.
Corollae albae (ex Kerr) tubus 3°7 cm, longus ; lobi oblongo- vel
lineari-lanceolati, acuti, circiter 2°3 cm. longi, 3-7 mm. lati.
Se lateralia lobos laterales labelli simulantia ; labellum
18 cm. longum, 1°3 cm, latum ; nee circiter 1 cm. longa,
connectivi appendicula paulo longio
beng ae rather GAP So iiinks jungle on Doi Sootep,
300 m., Kerr
Zingiber pes Kerrii, Crath, a n., ab affini Z. officinali,
oscoe, inflorescentia multo robustiore rece
Herba unimetralis vel paulo altior. ‘oli ifneari-laienaee apice
eradatim a geste acuta, basi in petiolum brevissimum strigosum
attenuata, ad 3 . longa et 2 cm. lata, chartacea vel interdum
rigide se iat glabra ligula ad 3 mm, longa, plerumque
2 mm. longa, superne strigosa ; vaginae pilis perpaucis instructae ;
vaginae infimae 5- 6, basales brunneae, ceterae virides. Pedunculus
8-1l em. longus, squamis 6-8 superne gradatim majoribus extra
_tenuiter pilosis instructus ; spica fusiformis, ad 10 em. longa, 3-3°5 _
em. lata ; bracteae ad 3°3 cm. longae et a 2 cm, latae, apice obtusae
vel subrotundatae, superne rubro-brunneae, margine scariosae,
uniflorae ; bracteolae late lanceolatae, acutiusculae, a c
longae, vix 1 cm. latae, extra apice basique praecipue parce pube-
scentes. Calyx hya alinus, brunneo-striatus, 7 mm. longus, inferne
sepa ae pgs circiter 3 cm. longus; lobi param 1 inaequales,
ongi, 4 mm. lati. Staminodia oblonga, ad 9 m
et 3 mm. te brunneo-lineata ; labellum suborbiculare, basi attenu-
atum, 1-1 cm. longum, 1 em. latum ; anthera 7 mm. nee connectivi
appendiculae aequilonga. Ovarium 2°5 mm. altum
iengmai, in era eroen and. open jungle on Doi Sootep,
900-1200 m., Kerr, 1

Zingiber Parishii, cai f- He B. I., vi. p. 248; K. Schum.,
apie Pflanzenr. , Zingib.,

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, i in evergreen jungle, 660 m., Kerr, 1314.

Distr. Burm

Zingiber (rypanthion Smilesianum, Crazb, sp. n., ab affini
Z. rubente, Roxb., statura minore, foliis angustioribus distinguenda.
Herba 20-40 cm. alta. Folia lineari-lanceolata vel lanceolata,
apice longe acuminata, acuta, basi in petiolum ad 5 mm. longum

.

404

attenuata, 9-20 em. longa, 1°5-3°2 cm. lata, supra glabra, subtus
tenuiter parce pilosa ; ligula oblonga, circiter 2 mm. lon nga, bifida ;
vaginae infimae 4-5, ut superiores tenuiter parce pilosae. Spicae
fusiformes vel ovoideae, 3-4 em. longae, pedunculo brevi validius-
culo subhorizontali vel ad 7 cm. longo tenuiore ascendente pauci-
squamato suffultae ; bracteae oblongae vel late lanceolatae, ex-
a ad 2°5 cm. longae, dorso tenuiter hos pilosae ; bracteolae

3°5 cm. longae, 3 mm. latae. Calyx 1:3 em. longus, ima basi
daeiens fulvido-pubescens. Corollae tubus circiter 3 cm. longus ;
lobi lanceolati vel late lanceolati, acutissimi, ad 3 cm. longi et 6 mm,
lati. Staminodia lobos laterales oblongos vix 1 em, longos 1°5 m
latos labelli 2 eneila ; labellum ellipticum (apice retusum 2)
circiter 2 em. longum et 1°2 cm. latum; anthera 1:2 cm. longa,
connectivi se udinilien. aequans. Ovarium 3°5 mm. altum, dense
adpresse fulvido-hirsutum

hiengmai, Doi Sootep, on edge of evergreen jungle, 1200 m.,
Kerr, 1311 and in evergreen jungle, 1200-1500 m., me 1311 a

Zingiber Zerumbet, Roscoe ex Smith—¥.B.1., vi. p. 247 K.

aes Engler Pilanséiie., Zingiber., p. 172 ; FL ‘indo-Chino, vi.

epbapihi Doi Sootep, in mixed jungle, ged m., Kerr, 1299.

Distr, Tropical Asia—often cultivate

Costus speciosus, Smith, var. Se estoyhy lus, Baker, ¥.B.1., vi.

» 250, &y = spe tosus, var. sericea, K. Schum., Engler Pflanzenr.,
Zingib., p- 3
. hie Doi Sootep, in damp places near streams, 300-900 m.,
err,

Doe (of var.) Burma, Malaya.

Alpinia bracteata, Roxb.—f¥.B.1., vi. p. 255; Coll. et Hemsl.,
Journ. Linn. Soc., xxviii. p. 136 : K. oe Engler Pflanzenr.,
Zingiber., p. 336 ; FI. Indo-Chine, vi. p. 9

Chiengmai, in thick, damp, ae een satple on Doi pore: 900-
1500 m., Kerr, 559 ; Doi Sootep, 1500 m., Hosseus, 508

Distr. E. India, Indo-China,

Alpinia es, K. Schum.—K. Schum., Engler Pflanzenr.,
Zingiber., p. 336 ; Williams, Bull. Herb. Boiss., iv. (1904) p. 231

Sriracha, Nawng Kaw, 30 m., Kerr, 2069 ; Koh Chang, Schmidt,

Siamese nate, =n Lao < Kerr).

Fl. Indo-Chine, vi. p.

Alpinia sp. aff. A. nutanti, Roscoe
Se mt Sootep, 1050 m., Kerr
roba y nearly allied also t A. platych
bens: Metis aeons ee oO ? atyc via K. Schum, this plant
=e dichotomus, Gagnep.—Fl. Indo-Chine, vi.
P obs Clinogyne ote Salish. —F’.B.I., vi. p. 258. Donax
it astrum, K., Engler Pflanzenr., eed p- 33;
ams, Bull. Here Bilas, iv. (1904) p. 361, viz Lour |

405

Chiengmai, 300 m., cultivated, used for basket work, Kerr, 1857 ;
2 Schomburgh 130, Zimmermann, 46,

Distr. §. E. Asia.

Lao name, Dawk Yéng (ex Kerr).

Donax arundastrum, Hosseus, ii, p. 374, rad also Be this Lise

Phrynium capitatum, V7lld.—¥.B.L, 258, K.
Schum., Engler Pflanzenr., Marant., p. 53; ” Willimis; Bull. Te rb.
Boiss., iv. (1904) p- 361.

iengmai, ae Sootep, on marshy ground in evergreen jungle,
660 m., Kerr, 1

Distr. fot, ‘China, Indo-China, Malay Archipelago.

Halopegia brachystachys, Cra‘b, sp. n., ab H. macrostachya, K.

chum., bracteis multo minoribus facile distinguenda.

Herba circiter semimetralis. Folia oblonga vel late a
apice abrupte acuminata, acuta, basi rotundata vel cun
rotundata, 12-21 em. longa, 5°5—-9 cm. ee supra glabra, meee
parcissime pubescentia, petiolo ad 13 cm. longo parte suprema
incrassata ad 13 cm. longa suffulta, vaginis strigosis et strigoso-
ciliatis. Inflorescentia in vaginis inclusa, floribus (omnibus in-
feliciter mancis) albis (ex Kerr) tantum exsertis ; bracteae lanceo-
latae, acutae, 4:5 cm. longae, 7 mm. latae, utrinque glabrae ;
flores gemini, breviter pedunculati, altero pedicello alato 5 mm
longo altero pedicello brevi haud alato suffulto. Sepala duo lanceo-
lata, acuta, ad 4 mm. longa, dorso parce pubescentia, tertium
minutum. Ovarium basi apiceque sir ica Caryopsis cylindrica,
8 mm. longa, 3°5 mm. diametro, monosperm

Meh Ping, Kampeng, in mixed jungle, Kae

To this species probably also belongs the aie collected in
Rangoon by Scott which is included under Phrynium spicatum
the Flora of British India and under Stachyphrynium spicatum by
K. Schumann in his monograph of the Marantaceae in Engler’s
Pflanzenreich. The writer has not seen the ster collected at
Pahombuk by Hosseus and referred by him (ii. p. 374) to
Stackyphryntvin spicatum.

IRIDACEAE,

Iris Collettii, ts J. 1. nepalensis, forma depauperata, Coll. et

emsl., Journ, Linn. Soc., xxviii. p. 136.

Chiengmai, Dot ‘Sootep, in deciduous jungle, 480-750 m.,
Kerr, 656.

Distr. Upper Burma, Yunn

Part of this collection is ied | in having the leaves quite small
at the flowering stage, — part—also in the flowering stage—
has leaves up to 48 cm.

AMARYLLIDACEAE.
Hypoxis aurea, Lour.—F.B.1., i, p. 277; Coll. et Hemsl., Journ.
Linn. Soe., xxviii. p. 136 ; Willisma, Bull. Herb. Boiss., iv. (1904)
» 230

Chiengmai, vee Ce OCSDs among grass in open jungle, 1200-
1500 m., Kerr
Distr. S.E. ven

406

Curculigo gracilis, Wall. —F.B.1., vi. p. 278.
Scene, Doi Sootep, in evergreen jungle, 900 m., Kerr, 1812.
E. Himalaya.

fis latifolia, Dryand.—F.B.1., vi. p. 280; Hosseus, 11.
373.

“Koh Yai (ex Hosseus).
Distr. India, Burma, Malaya.
Cureuligo orchioides, Gaertn.— F .B.L,
iengmai, in mixed jungle at Eee. vat: Doi Sootep, 330 m.,

Distr. §. China to Australia.

Curculigo recurvata, Dryand.—F.B.1., vi. p, 279

ema, Doi Sootep, in evergreen jungle by streams, 660 m.,
Kerr, 11

De 8. China to Australia.

Curculigo s

Chiengmai, in mixed jungle, 6 eS m, sae 1873.

Crinum Wattii, Baker—F.B.L, vi. p. 2

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, in aren ae 300-900 m., Kerr, 1844.

Distr. Manipur, Upper Burma.

TACCACEAE.
ant Garrettii, Craib, sp. n., a T. laevi, Roxh., involucro multo
e segmentis 4 quorum duobus aliis multo majoribus
cone recedit.

Folia anguste cee apice aaa acuta, basi rotundata,
ad 45 cm. longa a chartacea, glabra, nervis
lateralibus primariis ee 12 yi et costa prominentibus

a conspicuis subprominulis, petivlo ad 45 em. longo suffulta. _
Peduneulus 66 cm. longus, eho bracteae glabrae,
majores 7 cm. longae et 8 cm. latae, minores 7 em. longae, 3°5 cin.
latae ; bracteae filiformes, ad 20°5 em. longae. Pedicellz 3-3°5 cm
longi, glabri. Receptaculum 7 mm, altum, subalatum. Pertanthit
tubus circiter 6 mm. longus ; lobi exteriores oblongi, apice rotundati,
al 11 mm. longi et 8 mm. lati; interiores exterioribus paulo
majore

oi Thue Range of the Pah Ngeam, 1230 m., in wet jungle
among rotting wood, ‘ase elt, 45,

Tacca laevis, Rox).—F. B.L., vi. p. 288.

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, i A evergreen jungle by a stream, 690

900 m., Kerr, 1168, 1168a—*“ fruit lying on ground, ie poe
fallen leaves

Distr. S.E. Asia.
DioscoREACEAE.*
Dioscorea alata, Linn.

Chiengmai, 300 m., in serub jungle, Kerr, 1528a; Doi Sootep,
330 m., in serub jungle, Kerr, 1528b.

* The specimens of Dioscorea have been wey named for me e by Mr I. H.
Burkill whe, with Sir D. Prain, is at present engaged on a monograph of the
enus. Owing to the involved synonymy pm to published works have

407

Distr. India, or Burma, Yunnan, Polynesia, Mascerene Is.,
West Tropical Africa.

Dioscorea birmanica, Prain ct Burkill.

ee ee in scrub jungle at foot of Doi Sootep, 330 m., Kerr,
132

Distr Burma.

Dioscorea brevipetiolata, Prain et Burkill.
Sriracha, Nawng Kaw, edge of railway track, 30 m., Kerr, 2047.

Dioscorea bulbifera, Linn.
iengmai, in scrub jungle, 300 m., Kerr, 1529b; near Muang
enh 225 m., Kerr, 2206 ; Phre, 156-240 m., Luang Vanpruk,
127.

Dist Through India except the driest parts, Ceylon and
eastwards to Tahiti reaching Japan northwards and entering
Australia southwards. Probably on an introduction in other
parts of the world (e.g., Africa acd W. Indies).

Lao name, Koii (ex Kerr).

Dioscorea daemona, Rozd., var. mollissima, Prain et Burkill.
Shiengmai, in mixed jungle at foot of Doi Sootep, 300 m., Kerr,

Distr. Thr rough India except the dry cee of the N ee West,
Ceylon and eastwards through southern Malaya to New
Guinea ; var. mollissima in the Malay region oa

Dioscorea decipiens, (Zook. f.

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, in mixed jungle, 360 m., Kerr, 14+

Distr. urma, just entering Southern China and reaching
Cochinchina.

Dioscorea glabra, Roxb.

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, in scrub jungle, 330 m., Kerr,

Distr. From Orissa and Bengal eastwards to the Malay. tobi,

Dioscorea kamoonensis, Ath.

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, in open jungle, 1560 m., Kerr, 1374,

Distr. Along the Himalaya to South-W estern China and thence
southwards in a few ranges.

Dioscorea Kerrii, Prain et Burkill.

Chiengmai, Kerr, 1404

Dioscorea membranacea, Pierre

ce ae Doi Sootep, in mixed Jjunghe, 360 m., Kerr, 1245 ;
Meh Hia, 330 m., in mixed jungle, Kerr, 1951

Distr. “Chin Hills, Cochinchina.

Dioscorea pentaphylla, Linn.

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, 900 m., Kerr, 1383, 1383a.

Distr. India, ce ta the Punjab, Ceylon a eastwards to Tahiti
entering Southern Chin

Dioscorea pentaphylla, Coe var. near var. Jacquemontii.

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, in mixed jungle, 360 m., Kerr, 1450.

This variety is confined to Western India. ia, 1450 cannot be
proved to be the same with the root and abundance of ¢ flowers.

408

Dioscorea pentaphylla, Linn., var. malaica.

Chiengmai, in scrub jungle, 300 m., Kerr, 2251 ; Doi Sootep, in
mixed jungle, 330 m., Kerr, 2251a.

Distr. (of var.). Malaya and perhaps in the Pacific.

Rox BURGHIACEAE.

longa, circiter 1 cm. lata. Stamina 4; filamenta brevia, basi
breviter connata; antherae (appendice inclusa) 21 mm. longae.
Ovarii rudimentum parvum. i. Q (vel d 2). Perianthiium masculi
sed minus, Stamina 4, (fertilia?). Ovarium 4 mm. altum, stylo
obtuso vix distincto, ovulis pluribus erectis.

Near Phre, Me Ta, perennial with trailing shoots, roots numerous
thick and fleshy, in dry bamboo jungle, 240 m., Kerr, 2351.

Stemona Burkillii, Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng., Ixxiii. p. 43,
ex descr,

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, in evergreen jungle, 420 m., Kerr, 1403,
in mixed jungle, 570 m., Kerr, 1403a.

Distr. Upper Burma (ex Prain),

As. Soc. Beng., Ixxiii. p. 42.
Phre, Rawng Kwang, in deciduous jungle, 180 m., Kerr, 2365.
rma.

Stemona Kerrii, Crazh, sp
minoribus haud glabris facile

<
"2
ct

ae

hervis transversis densis parallelis utrinque conspicuis, nervi
nervulisque pagina superiore pilis albis parcissime instructa, inferiore
puloso-pubescentia, sicco viridia; petioli 0°7-3 em. longi, supra
canaliculati, indumento ut caules. Inflorescentia axillaris, 1-3-flora,
petiolos subaequans, floribus polygamo-dioicis. Fl. S. Perianthit
segmenta 4, lineari-lanceolata vel late lanceolata, acuta, 9 mm. longa,
2°25-3°25 mm. lata, extra pilis paucis rigidis erectis instructa, intra
glabra. Filamenta brevissima, ima basi connata, ovarii rudimentum
minutum cingentia ; antherae sicco subvirides, 2°25 mm. longae ;
connectivi appendicula sicco rubra, inaequaliter trialata, alis

409

lateralibus 6 mm. longis utraque 0°75 mm. lata = paulo supra
alae mediae apicem ee albido circiter 1 mm. longo ornatis
ala media 1°75 mm. lon Fl. 3. Perianthium fismtaijie maris
nisi tere longiora. "Pistillum “glabrum, 2°5 mm. altum, ovulis
2 erec

Chie acpi, wes ae 720-900 m., erect or scandent on low
herbage, Kerr, 7

LILIACEAE.

Smilax Hemsleyana, Crazh, sp. n., a S. lanceaefolia, Roxb., foliis
late ellipticis vel ovato-ellipticis distinguen nda.

Ramuli straminei, striati vel minute striati, glabri, acaleis spar-
sissime instruct. Folia elliptica, late elliptica “vel ovato-elliptica,
oo breviter pei basi truncato- vel rotundato-cuneata,

nervis cum See pagina utraque prominulis, petiolo 1*5-2 ¢
longo suffulta; vaginae petiolis 5-7 mm. adnatae. Pubincubes

(ubi esse parum angustata, 4°5 mm, onga, 2 *25 mm, oe interiora

m a.
Fructus globosus, sicco a bstremiinede 7-8 mm. diametr

Chiengmai, Doi yee climbing over bushes in ovenuréah jungle
by stream, 660 m., Kerr, 596.

Collett, 653 rateteed to by Coll. and Hemsl., Journ. Linn, Soc.,
XXviil. p. 137 under S. lanceaefolia, probably also belongs to this
species,

Smilax lanceaefolia, nee —F.B.I., vi. p. 308; Coll. et Hemsl.,
Journ. Linn. Soc., xxvii i. p. 137 ; i2eoot ii. p. 3

Chiengmai, Doi Sootap. i in evergreen jungle, 1050- 1350 m., Kerr,
522 ; Doi Intanon, 1300 m., Hosseus

Distr. Sikkim, Assam, Burma, China.

Smilax macrophylla, Roxb.—F.B.L, vi. p. 310 ; Hosseus, ii. p. 373.

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, in —_ reise. 330 m., Kerr, 1847.

Distr. India, Burma, Ass

Smilax peguana, A. DC. ae B. L., vi. p. 303

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, in evergreen jungle, 1050-1350 m.,

Smilax prolifera, Rorb.—F.B.L., vi. p. 312.
Chieng Kim, 390 m., Kerr, 2465.
Lao name, Mai dao (ex Kerr),

Smilax sp.
Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, 300-750 m., Kerr, 632.

Smilax sp., Hosseus, 11. p. 373.
Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, 1675 m. (ex Hosseus).

Asparagus acerosus, Rorb.—F’.B.1., vi. p. 317.

410

Chiengmai, cultivated, 300 m., Kerr, 2626—“ said to have been
brought from the jungle.”
istr. Bengal, Assam, Burma (N. Australia ?).
Asparagus racemosus, /7il/d.—F'.B.1., vi. p. 316 ; Williams, Bull.
Herb. Boiss., iv. (1904) p.-230.
Sriracha, on rocks by beach, Kerr, 2096.
Distr. Trop. Asia, Australia and Africa.
Asparagus racemosus, Willd., var. subacerosa, Baker—F.B L., vi.
1

«alt.
Chiengmai, 300 m., in scrub jungle, Kerr, 1961.
Disir, Sikkim.
Asparagus sp., Hosseus, ii. p. 373.
Doi Intanon, 1100 m. (ex Hosseus).
Disporopsis longifolia, Crazb, sp. n., a speciebus adhuc descriptis
foliis multo longioribus facile distinguenda.
erba glabra, Polygonati speciebus facie persimilis ; rhizoma
repens, circiter 1 cm. diametro ; caules solitarii vel bini, 33-107 cm.
alti. Folia lanceolata vel late lanceolata, apice longe acuminata,
acuta, basi cuneata vel rotundato-cuneata, 12-30 cm. longa, 2°6-
5°2 em. lata, nervis primariis 3-5 pagina utraque prominulis,
secondariis conspicuis, petiolo brevi validiusculo suffulta, lores in
fasciculas -floras axillares dispositi; pedicelli ad 1°5 em. longi,
sulcati vel subalati. Perianthit albi (ex Kerr) tubus subglobosus,
3-4 mm. altus, lobi exteriores elliptico-lanceolati, acutiusculi, 7 mm.
longi, 4°56 mm. lati, interiores exterioribus paulo breviores latio-
resque, apice rotundato-truncati vel fere truncati. Corona 1°75 mm.
alta, paulo ultra medium lobata, lobis apice emarginatis. Stamina
ad apices coronae loborum affixa, filamentis brevissimis ; antherae
dorsifixae, basi saccatim productae, 3 mm. longae. Pistillum
corona occlusum; ovarium 3 mm. altum, stylo vix 2 mm. longo.
Chiengmai, in evergreen jungle on Doi Sootep, 960 m., Kerr,
687a ; in evergreen jungle, 900 m., Kerr,
Distr. S.W. China: Szemao, 1350-1800 m., Henry, 12,225,
12,225b, 12,225c¢ ; Lungchow, Morse, 603.
The description has been drawn up from Kerr 687a which is the

plant they are solitary. Again the structure of the corona is
markedly different. In the original plant the lobes alternate with
the stamens whereas here the stamens are situated at the apex of
the lobes.

Ophiopogon brevipes, Craid, sp. n., ob racemum_ breviusculum
validum subcernuum foliaque longinscula angusta distincta.

Rhizoma repens, radices longiusculas satis crassas emittens.
Folia rigidiuscula, sub anthesin cireiter 20 em. longa et 4 mm. lata,
deinde in fructu ad fere 40 em. longa et 7 mm. lata, petiolo circiter
4 cm. longo suffulta, pagina utraque glabra, inferiore nervis

411

prominulis, pallidiora, minute serrulata. Racemi sub aathesin
3°7 em. longi, pedunculo crassiusculo circiter 5 em. longo suleato
superne bracteis 4 sterilibus paleaceis instructo suffulti; bracteae
normales persistentes, infimae ovato-lanceolatae, acutae, em,
longae, supremae gradatim minores, 2-3-florae ; pedicelli recurvi,
5 mm. longi, circiter medium articulati. Perianthii albi (ex Kerr)
enta exteriora lineari-oblonga, vix 7 mm. longa et 2 mm. lata,
iahctioen late peeecata, exterioribus paululo latiora. Filamenta
brevia, complanata; antherae vix 3 mm. longae, connectivo
producto. Stylus eabdiGialin, glaber, per ianthio aequialtus.
Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, 660 m., Kerr, 1197, 1197a, 1840, 2609.

Ophiopogon gracilipes, Craib, sp. n., oe a lobos reflexos,
facie Peliosanthis speciebus similis distinc
Folia oblongo-oblanceolata, utrinque mete a, 12-21 em. longa,
5-3 cm. lata, chartacea, glabra, nervis primariis circiter 5 supra
sseoritnata bt subtus conspicuis vel prominulis, petiolis ad 15 cm.
longis suffulta. Racemi laxiflori, circiter 8 cm. longi, pedunculo
communi 3°5-8°5 cm. longo elabro suleato bracteis pluribus
sterilibus bracteis floriferis " oinaili bas superne gradatim minoribus
instructo suffulti ; oo floriferae ovato-lanceolatae, plerumque
arcuatae, ad 7 longae, albidae; pedicelli rigidi, decurvi,
circiter 6 mm. longi. apicem versus articulati, glabri; bracteola
ovato-lanceolata, scutay superne falcata, bractea conspicue minor,
Perianthis albi ‘(ex K err) segmenta exteriora lanceolata, acuta,
4 mm. longa, 1°5 mm. lata, interiora paululo longiora latioraque,
apice subrotundata. Filamenta brevia , ima bisi connata ; antherae
eiciter 2°5 mm. longae, Ovarium superum, in stylum gradatim
fastigatum; ovula in loculo quoque gemma, erecta, collateralia.
Chien gmai, Doi Sootep, in evergreen jungle, 660 m., Kerr, 1087.
Ophiopogon Maleolmsonii, Royle er Hook. f., F.B.L., vi. p. 269.
Chiengmai, ae Sootep, by a stream, 720 m., Kerr, 1198.
Distr. Burm

Dracaena sp.
Phre, 120-180 m., Luang 5g: 152.
Chlorophytum intermedium, Crazh a C. orchidastro, Lindl.,

foliis multo angustioribus, a C. seitbieto. Wall, floribus minoribus,
pedicellis brevioribus recedit.

Herba 0'5—-1 m, alta; radices satis crassae, elongatae. Folia ad
58 cm. (petiolo incluso) longa et 2°2 cm ata, apice acuta, basi in
petiolum vix distinctum attenuata, petiolo basi expanso pedunculum
amplectente, nervis primariis ee utraque prominulis. Racemi
solitarii, vel simplices vel inferne tantum furcati, peduneulo
communi folia saepissime subae equante superne bractea sterili
lanceolata vel lineari-lanceolata acuta 1°5-6°5 em. longa instrucio ;
bracteze normales lanceolatae vel ovato-lanceolatae, | acutae, 0°4
1 em. longae ; pedicelli 7 mm. longi. Pertanthii albi (ex Kort)
segmenta lineari-lanceolata, obtusiuscula, inter se subaequalia,
circiter 8 mm. longa, 1°5 mm. lata. Filamenta 4 mm. longa, quam
antherae basi bilobae paulo breviora. Ovarium 1°5 mm. altum,
loculis 4-ovulatis ; stylus 8 mm. longus.

hiengmai, in deciduous jungle on Doi Sootep, 450-750 m., Kerr,

A

412

Chlorophytum simplex, Crazd, sp. n., racemis laxis simplicibus
folia lata plerumque paululo excedentibus, floribus majusculis
distinguenda.

Herba 18-34 cm. alta, glabra; radices satis crassae, anguste
fusiformes, ad 16 cm. longae, cireiter 4 mm. diametro. Folia
plerumque oblongo-lanceolata, apice subacuminata, acuta, basi in
petiolum plus minusve distinctum contracta, 14— 30 em. (petiolo
ineluso) es 2°5-4 cm. 1. lata, ervis primariis subtus Pec accansis

15 em. longi, Saas communi racemo neal suffulti ;
bracteae 1-3 infimae plerumque ee anguste lanceolatae, acutae,
15 em. longae ; bracteae fertiles plerumque 3-florae ; pedice i sub
anthesin circiter 3 mm. ongi, fructescentes paululo incrassati
alabastra ambitu plus minusve oblongo - ovata,

usa. Perianthii segmenta alba (ex Kerr), inter se subaequalia,
fiehria vel lineari-oblonga, apice obtusiuscula, vix 1 cm. longa,
2mm. lata. Filamenta circiter 4 mm. longa, ut antherae, superne
praecipue, minute papillosa ; antherae 6 mm. longae, basi bilobae.
Ovarium 1°5 mm, altum, trigonum ; hate 9 mm. longus ; loculi
4-ovulati. Fructus 5 mm, altus, 7 mm. lat

uang Hawt, in deciduous jungle, 210 m., Re. 2204.

Anthericum sp., Hosseus, ii. p. 373.
Wang Djao, 150 m. (ex Hosseus).

Dianella ensifolia, Redouté—¥'.B.1., vi. p. 347... D. sp., Hosseus,
ty, 373

" Shiongmai, Doi Sootep, 750-1400 m., Kerr, 1319, Hosseus, 456.

Distr. Tropical Asia and Australia, oo

Urginea indica, Kunth—¥.B.L., vi. p.

iengmai, Doi Sootep, in Sosbee ian 330-450 m., Kerr,
1754, 1754a, 1754b.

Distr, India, Burma.

Lilium nepalense, D. ors B.L, vi. p. 350 ; Coll. et Hemsl.,
Journ. Linn, Soc., xxviii. p. 13

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, in a grassy Jungle along tops
ra 1260-1560 m., Kerr, 734. Also flowered in Hort. Tri

.» Dublin in August this year.

orate. Himalaya, Upper Burma.

Iphigenia indica, Kunth—F.B.L., vi. p. 357.

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, among grass in an open spot, 600 m.,

err, 752,

Distr, India to Australia.

Disporum calearatum, Don—F.B.I., vi. p. 359; Coll. et Hemsl.,
Journ, Linn, Soc., xxviii. p. 139. D. latipetalum, Coll. et Hemsl.,
l.o-p: 139.

hiengmai, Doi Sootep, among grass in open jungle on ae
1350-1500 m., Kerr, 672 and in ‘deciduous jungle, 720-900
Kerr, 693.
Distr, Himalaya, Assam, Burma, Yunnan.

Disporum pullum, Salisb.—F.B.1., vi. p- 360,

413
ie Doi Sootep, in evergreen junigie, 1500-1650 m.,
, 617.

Distr. Himalaya to China, Assam, Malay Archipelago.

Paris polyphylla, Smith—¥.B.1., vi. p. 362; Coll. et Hemsl.
Journ. Linn. Soc., xxviii. p. 139.

"Chienga, Doi Sootep, i in open grassy jungle, 1380 m,, Aerr,

pe see Himalaya to China.

PONTEDERIACEAE.
Monochoria hastata, Solms—Williams, Bull. Herb. Boiss.,— iv.
re 229 ; Hosseus, i. p. 471. ‘MM. Ae Presl.—F.B.L.,

Vi. ps 8

China moat, 200 m., Kerr, 1361—“ eaten as vegetable.”

Dist S.E. Asi

ete name, Puk ape (ex Kerr).

Monochoria vaginalis, /’7esl—F.B.I., vi. p. 363; bases i, =p.
471 et i. p.

Doi Tntanon, 1095 m., taste 58; Wang Djao, 100 m. and
Doi Sootep, 1050 m, (ex "Hoss

Distr. S.E, Asia, iiecpieak “Abies

Garrett’s a is referable rather to the variety plantaginea,
Solms-Laubae

XYRIDACEAE.

Xyris pauciflora, Willd. —F.B.I., vi. p. 365; Williams, Bull.
Herb. Boiss., iv. (1904) p. 228 ; Hosseus, i. p. 468 et ii. p. 371.

Ban Meh Kah, above Meh Ping Rapids, in open marshy eround,
195 m., Kerr, 913; Wang Djao, Lindhard, 20, Hosseus, 118.

Distr. S.E, Asia to Australia.

Xyris pauciflora, Wilid.,

Doi Intanon, 2150-2 2170 m m., anal 69.

Xyris schoenoides, Mari.—¥.B.1., vi. p. 365.

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, in open grassy jungle, 1350-1500 m.,
Kerr, 1503.

Distr, India, Khasia.

COMMELINACEAE.

Pollia Aclisia, Hassk.—F.B.I., vi. p. 367.

ee Doi Sootep, in erbeect jungle by stream, 1260 m.,
Kerr, 1288.

Dis. Himalaya, Assam, Burma, cigs Tonkin, Java,

Pollia thyrsiflora, Hassk.—F.B.1., vi. p. 367 ; Hosseus, i. p. 468,

Klong Sarlakpet (ex Bot. Tidsskr, XXVi. p.

Distr. §, Andamans, Borneo, Celebes, Philippines.

Commelina benghalensis, Linn.—F.B.L, vi. p. 370.

Chiengmai, 300 m., Kerr, 1344—“ a garden weed.”

Distr. Trop. Asia and Africa.

Commelina nudiflora, Linn.—F.B.I., vi. p. 369; Coll. et Hemsl.,
Journ, Linn, Soc., xxvii. p. 139.

27089 B

414

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, by open streams, 330 m., Kerr, 1251.

Distr. Tropics and subtropics.

Commelina obliqua, Ham.—F.B.L, vi. p. 372 ; Hosseus, i. p. 469
et ii. p. 372. ;

Chiengmai, in open grassy jungle on Doi Sootep, 900-1200 m.,
Kerr, 1292; Wang Djao, Koh Yai, 110 m., Hosseus, 93.

Distr. Tropical Asia.

Part of Kerr 1292 is referable to /. viscida, Clarke.

Commelina salicifolia, ovd.—F.B.I., vi. p. 370 ; Hosseus, i. p. 469.

Bangkok (ex Hosseus).

Distr. India, Assam.

Commelina spp. : :

Chiengmai, on mud bank of Meh Ping, 300 m., Kerr, 850 ; Doi
Sootep, in evergreen jungle, 1050-1500 m., Kerr, 1289.

Aneilema bracteatum, O. Kze. A. nudiflorum, var. bracteatum,
C. B. Clarke—Williams, Bull. Herb. Boiss., iv. (1904) p. 229;
Hosseus, i. p. 470.

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, in mixed jungle, 330 m., Kerr, 1458 ;
Bangkok, Schomburgh, 329.

Distr. Annam (ex O. Kze.).

Aneilema clandestinum, Ridley.

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, edge of stream in evergreen jungle,
660 m., Kerr, 1615 b.

Distr. Perak.

Aneilema discretum, Craib, sp. n., ab A. divergente, C. B. Clarke,
inflorescentiae ramulis alternis nunquam oppositis nec verticillatis,
ab A. scapiflorae, var. latifolia, N. E. Brown, habitu robusto,
peduneculo communi haud aphyllo recedit.

Folia 15-30 em, longa, circiter 2°5 cm. lata, apice acuta, inferne
sensim angustata, dein in vaginam ampliata, supra marginem undu-
latum cartilagineum secus lineis paucis pilorum ornata, praeterea
glabra, subtus subglabra, chartacea, nervis primariis paucis pagina

uperiore prominulis inferiore vix conspicuis, Pedunculi a foliis
discreti, decumbentes, saepe nodis inferioribus radicantes, ad 80 em
longi, pilis ascendentibus hirsutuli, sicco canaliculati, ima basi
vaginis duobus dein foliis 6 supremis ad vaginam meram reductis
instructi; folia infima limbo circiter 10 cm. longo foliis normalibus
simili basi in vaginam pedunculum laxe includentem eunte ; vaginae
supremae circiter 1 cm. longae. Panicula circiter 7 cm. longa et
1°5 em. diametro, staminibus exceptis glabra ; rami secundi, infimi
ad 1°5 em. longi; bracteae ad ramorum bases brunneae, basi rachin
cingentes, ad 3 mm. longae; bracteae normales similes sed minores ;
flores albi, vespere expansi (ex Kerr). Sepala 7 mm. longa, apice

: ag divergens, C. B. Clarke—¥.B.1., vi. p. 376; Hosseus,
1. p. . @

415

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, i in eng jungle, 420 m., Kerr, 1315; Doi
Saket (ex Hosseus).
Distr. Himalaya, Khasia, 8. China.

Aneilema esculentum, Wall.—F.B.1., vi. p.377 ; Hosseus, i. p. 469
et ii. p. 371.

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, 350-1200 m, (ex Hosseus).

Distr. 8. India, Ceylon

Aneilema giganteum, 7. Br. —F.B.L., vi. p. 379; Coll. et Hemsl.,
Journ. Linn. Soc., xxviii. p. —s Hosseus, i i, p. 469 et ii. p. 371.

Wang Djao, 100 m., Hoss

Distr. Trop. Asia, N. Tene Africa.

Aneilema herbaceum, Wall.—Hosseus, i. p. 469 et ii. p. 372.
Doi Saket (ex Hosseus),

Aneilema Loureirii, Hance—F.B.1., vi. p. 375; Williams, Bull,
Herb. Boiss., iv. (1904) p. 228 ; Hossens, i = a 470 et ii. p- 372,

rae, Doi Sootep, 660 m., Kerr, 1177.

Distr. S. China, Burma.

Aneilema es Br.—F.B.L, vi. p. 378.
hiengmai, among asture grass, 300 m. , Kerr, 849; Doi Sootep,
on damp rocks by stream, 720 m., Kerr, 14
S. E. Asia

Aneilema soatercinns Kunth—F¥.B.L, vi. p. 382.
Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, 1650 m., in evergreen jungles. 7 1508.
Distr. Nepaul to Khasia, Yunnan, Philippines, S. I

Ss scapiflorum, MG jes BL; vi. p. 375: oa et Heel,
Journ. Linn. Soc., xxviii. p. 140.

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, 330-660 m., Kerr, 1786—* flowers blue,
opening in morning o

Distr. India, Tamnih, Philippines.

Aneilema siamense, Crazd, sp. A. Thomsoni, C. B. Clarke,
facie similis sed nodis -aditantibiia, foliis haud scabris, ovario sub-
globoso distinguenda,

Caules juventute parce hirsutuli, mox glabri, nodis basalibus
radicantes. Folia elliptica, anguste elliptica vel oblanceolata, tne
acuminata, acuta, basi in petiolum attenuata, ‘Sie
3°5-4°8 cm. lata, utrinque glabra, chartacea, nervis primariis supra
subconspicuis vel fere obscuris subtus prominulis, petiolo 1—2°5
longo inferne subtus parce hirsutulo suffulta ; vaginae circiter 2 cm.

hirsutuli; rami infimi subverticillati et alterni, supremi alterni,
erecto-patentes, 2 cm. longitudinis vix attingentes; bracteae ad
ramorum bases sub anthesin arcte reflexae, lanceolatae, acutiusculae,
ad 1-2 cm. longae et 2°5 mm. latae. Sepala elliptico-obovata, 3°5 mm
longa, 3 mm. lata. Petala alba (ex Kerr), sepalis subaequalia.
Filamenta_petalis eubsoquilonge, glabra. Ovarium subglobosum,
vix 1°5 mm. altum, stylo 6°5 mm. lon
Sriracha, Nawng Kaw, in evergreen jungle, 30 m., Kerr, 2064.

Aneilema sinicum, Lindl.—F:B.L., vi. p. 379.
27089 B2

416

mes Doi Sootep, in open jungle, 750-1500 m., Kerr, 702
“ flowers open after mid-da
Ginn: S. E. Asia, Trop. Africa,
Aneilema spiratum, R. Br.—F.B.L, vi. p. 377 ; Williams, Bull.
Herb. Boiss., v. (1905) p. 960 ; Hosseus, i i, p. 470 et ii i. p. 372.
Wang Djao, near oe ’ Lindhard, 75.
Distr. . BE. Asi
Cyanotis axillaris, B et S.—F.B.I., vi. p. 388; Williams, Bull.
Herb. Boiss., iv. (1904) p. 229 ; Hosseus, i. p. 470 et ii, p. 372.
Chiengmai, by edge of paddy fields, 300 m., Kerr, 801; Wang
Djao, aaa 17la.
Dist ndia and China to Australia,
ak barbata, on—F.B.L,, vi. p. 385 ; Coll. et Hemsl., Journ.
Linn. Soc., xxviii. 40.
Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, on rocks by stream, 600 m., Kerr, 1429.
Distr. Himalaya, Assam, — China, Malay Peninsula.
Cyanotis capitata, C. B. Clar
_ Chiengmai, a Sootep, we on damp rocks by a stream,
720 m., Kerr, 1416.
Distr. Cochinchina, Philippines, Java, New Guinea.
Cyanotis cristata, A. ct S—F.B.L, vi. p.385; Williams, Bull.
Herb. Boiss., iv. (1904) p. 229; Hosseus, i. p. 470 et ii. p. 372.
spchuensinas 300 m., Kerr, 1441, “a garden weed”; Doi Sootep,
m., in we jungle, Kerr, 756 ; bank of Mch Ping, near
Rahe eng, 120 Kerr, 504; Wang "Djao, aga 72; near
Tapotsah, Lenihan, 28 ; Cape Liant, gees
rop. Asia, Afri rica, Mascerene Is,
Of the — quoted probably ke 1441, comes nearest to
typical C. cristat
M peaneegy stills Hak C. barbata, Don, f. nobilis, C. B. Clarke—
v1, p. 386.
Chiengmai, Doi peels prostrate among rocks in open jungle,
1350-1500 m., Kerr, 7
Distr. Khasia, Chinn
a ee scandens, Lour.—F.B.I., vi. p. 390 ; Hosseus, i. p. 471 et
il, p. 372,
Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, by stream, 690 m., Kerr, 1493;
Pitsanulek, Nakontai, 300 m., Kerr, 722.
Distr. SE. Asia, Australia
Streptolirion volubile, oF Saeae B.L,, vi. p, 389,
oi Intanon, 2070 m., Garrett, 78.

Distr, Himalaya, Assam, Burma, China.
PALMEAR,*
Wallichia caryotoides, Rozd.—F .B.1., vi. p. 419.

ee He Doi Sootep, in evergreen jungle by stream, 900 m.,
Kerr, 1513

* For the identifications of the specimens of this family whe ¥ writer is indebted
to Dr. QO, Beccari, whose researches in this group are well kno

417

Distr. iol. Assam, Burma,

Lao name, Keuang (ex ’ Kerr).

Didymosperma caudata, Wendl. et Drude—Beccari, Webbia, iii.
p- 201 et Bull. Mus. Na t. d@’Hist. Nat., 1911, p. 155.

Sriracha, Nawng Kaw, 30 m., in evergeen : jungle, Kerr, 2077.

Frequent throughout Tndo-China A: Beccari).

Siamese name, Mai tan (ex »:

Licuala spinosa, Wurmb.—F.B. L, vi. p. 431; ae Webbia,
ii. p. 240 et Bull. Mus. Nat. d’'Hist. Nat., 1911, p.

Sriracha, Nawng Kaw, in damp evergreen nae 30 m., Kerr,

Distr. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Malaya.

Siamese name, K’Paw (ex Kerr).

Calamus ete Beccari, sp. u., Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc.,
xi. suppL.,

Cane bei Sort climbing on trees in evergreen jungle,
960 m., Kerr, 1618b.

Lao: name, Wai (ex Kerr).

Calamus viminalis, W7l/d., var. Sencgae Bee pacts i, Ua: Vi.
p- 444 et Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc., xi. p. 2

Sriracha, in scrub and evergreen jungle, 15 m. Kors, 2115.

Distr. India, Indo-China, Malay Peninsula

Plectocomia khasyana, Griff—l]’.B.1., vi. p. 478.

egg Doi Sootep, in deuse evergreen jungle, 1260 m.,
Kerr, 1817

istr, Khasia,

PANDANACEAE.

Pandanus (Acrostigma) distans, Crai), sp. n. ab affini P. Pierre’,
Martelli, syncarpiis eee spicatis distantibus haud ad pedunculi
apicem confertis rece

frutex humilis, iho 5-8 em, tantum longo (ex Kerr). Folia
190-215 cm. longa, ad 2°3 cm. lata, dorso medio marginibusque
aculeata. Synearpia duo, apiece. circiter 6 cm. distantia, ellipsoidea
vel ellipsoideo-globosa, 5 cm. lata, 6 cm. ee drupae 17 mm.
longae, 5 mm. diametro, stylo acuto 8 mm.

Beatie Phre and Nan, Hue Me Sa Kaen 3 in evergreen jungle,
420 m., Kerr, 2386.

Pandanus furcatus, Hosts —F.B.L, vi. p. 484; Warburg, Engler
Pflanzenr., Pandan., p. 7

Chie ong mai, Doi eae in evergreen jungle by stream, 900 m.,
Kerr, 1830.

Distr. Himalaya, Burma, Assam, Chittagong.

Pandanus (Acrostigma) similis, Craib, sp. n., a P. ovato, Kurz,
foliis multo longioribus latioribusque recedit.

Suffrutex circiter 30 cm. altus (ex Kerr). Folia paulo ultra 1 m.
longa, 1°5-1°8 cm. lata, margine spinulosa, costa dorso inferne in
rigidiusculis settle circiter 1°5 mm. longis inter se 1°3-1°5 ¢
distantibus superne spinulis prorsus directis instructa Scaitaronue
supra spinulis prorsus directis in lineas duas dispositis additis.
Syncarpium solitarium, vix maturum, late ellipsoideum, circiter

418

2-5 em. diametro, pedunculo triquetro circiter 10 cm. longo

suffultum ; drupae siccae apice subtruncatae, 9 mm. altae, apice

5 mm. diametro, laeves, stylo spinoso 5 mm, longo terminatae. —
Sriracha, Nawng Kaw, in evergreen jungle, 30 m., Kerr, 2068.

ARACEAE.

Arisaema album, NV. £. Brown—F.B.L., vi. p. 498.

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, on humus in evergreen jungle by a
stream, 750 m., Kerr, 640.

Distr. Khasia. :

A closely allied species was collected by Murton (No. 115) in
S. Siam which has a broader spathe suddenly contracted at the top
and not gradually as in 4. album and the tip of the spathe much
shorter.

Arisaema consanguineum, Schoti—F.B.[., vi. p. 505.

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, in evergreen jungle, 1200-1500 m.,
Kerr, 1874, in part.

Distr. Himalaya to China, Assam.

Arisaema hypoglaucum, Craib, sp. n., ab affini A. erubescente,
Schott, foliorum segmentis Jongis subtus glaucis distinguenda.

Herba dioica, 45-70 cm. alta, tubere depresso-globoso. lia
solitaria, radiatisecta, petiolo 25-30 cm. longo suffulta ; segmenta 7,
lanceolata, apice caudato-acuminata, basi cuneata, 23-35 em. longa,
45-7 em. lata, subsessilia, glabra, subtus glauca, nervis lateralibus

Arisaema Kerrii, Craib, sp. n., ab affini A. fraterno, Schott, spatha
appendice longa gracili instructa recedit.
Herba dioica, circiter 40 cm, alta. Folia solitaria, radiatisecta,

long: 18, 3°3 cm, latus, cauda gracili ad fere 15 cm. longa ornatus.
Spadicis pars antherifera 1°5 em. longa, 2 mm. diametro; appendix
Ssuperne arcuata, summo apice 4 mm. diametro, imo basi 1°5-2 mm.
crassa.

Chiengmai, in evergreen jungle on Doi Sootep, 1200 m.
Kerr, 620. : 8 Jung : Pp, ’

Arisaema sootepense, Craib, sp. n., ab affini A. Prazeri, Hook. f.,
foliorum segmentis angustioribus longioribus tenuioribus recedit.

erba dioica, 40-55 em. alta, tuberosa, tubere depresso-globoso

2 em. alto 2°4 em. lato. Folia solitaria, trisecta, petiolo 11-19 cm.

longo suffulta; segmenta oyato-lanceolata vel anguste elliptica,

419

apice acuminata, acuta, basi cuneata vel latere altero rotundato-
cuneata, altero rotundata, lateralia inaequilatera, 10°5-15 cm. longa,
em. lata, subsessilia, glabra, nervis lateralibus cum nervo
intramarginali supra es subtus prominulis, nervulis subtus
e pars tubulosa circiter 3°5 cm. longa, 1 cm
diametro, limbus apice acutus, ad 7°5 cm. longus et 3 cm. latus.
Spadix breviter stipitata ; pars ‘antherifera 1-5 em, longa ; appendix
ad 27 em. longa, apice filiformis, gracilis, pendula,
Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, 660 m., Kerr, 1199.
Typhonium trilobatum, Sc hott—F¥ .B.1., vi. p. 509 ; Williams, Bull.
Herb. Boiss., iv. (1904) p. 227 ; Hosseus, i i. p. 467,
Chiengmai, 300 m., Kerr, 1859—* a garden weed”; Bangkok,
Schomburgh, 334
Distr. India, Burma, Malaya, Tonkin, Philippines.
ae ee corrugatus, NV. #. Brown, Kew Bull. 1912,

Ching, Doi Sootep, 1500 m., Kerr, 1105; cult. Hort. Trin.
Coll., Dublin

Anintphagellas Kerrii, NV. £. Brown, Kew Bull. 1912, p. 43.

Cult. Hort. Trin. Coll., Dublin, whence it was sent by Dr. Kerr
from Chiengmai.

Amorphophallus ora mise Craib, sp. n., ab affini A. variadili,

lume, radice elongata, foliorum segmentis majoribus distinguenda.

A tr

solitaria, petiolo 36-80 cm. longo viridi rubro-brunneo-maculato
uffulta ; lamina trisecta, segmentis simplicibus bisectis
pinnatisectis vel furcatis et pinnatisectis ; segmenta ultima inferiora
obovata, apice acuminata, acuta, basi cuneata, circiter 8 cm. longa
et 4 cm. lata, terminalia oblongo-elliptica, apice acuminata, acuta,
basi Jnaequilatera, decurrentia, ad 24 cm. longa et 9 cm. lata, supra
glabra, viridia, subtus nervis minute papilloso-puberula, pallidiora,
nervis lateralibus utrinque numerosis rectis vel subrectis cum nervo
pasate supra conspicuis subtus subprominulis, chartaceo-
mbranacea Pedunculus 52-87 em. longus, rubro-brunneo-
oostlnkis (ex Kerr). Spatha erecta, 13°5-18 em. longa, 5 cm. lata,
acuta, basi convoluta. Spadizx sessilis; pars feminea 2-3°5 em.
longa, 0°6-1'2 cm. crassa, stigmate sessili; pars antherifera
4°5-6 cm. longa, 1—1°6 cm. crassa ; agin - 19 cm. longa, 7 mm.
diametro, basi fimbriis paucis interdum o
Chiengmai, i in mixed jungle at foot of Doi Sootep, 330 m., Kerr,
1220, 1220a,
To this species Pepe also belongs Kerr, 1140 from the same
locality at 660 m, elevat
Remusatia vivipara, Schott_—F. B.£., vis p. 521.
Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, on — sxil re 660 m., Kerr, 1438.
Distr. India, Khasia, Bur
Gonatanthus sarmentosus, Khig BL vi. p. 522; Hosseus,
i. p. 467 et 1. p. 371.
Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, on trees in ae oor jungle, 1500~
1680 m., Kerr, 1487, meee 254.
Distr. Himalaya, Khas
Kerr’s plant has leaves more after those of G, ornatus, Schott,

490

Acorus Calamus, Linn.—F.B.1., vi. p. 555: Hosseus, i. p. 467 et
ii. p. 371; Engler, Hagler ieee Arac.—Pothoid., p. 3 309.
Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, on stones in stream in evergreen jungle,
00 m., Kerr, 25
Distr. Europe, Asia, America—often naturalised.
- Colocasia Antiquorum, Schott—F.B.L., vi. p. 523.
Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, 720 m., Kerr, 742.
Commonly cultivated in the tropics et subtropics.
Hapaline Benthamiana, Schott— F.B.1., vi. p. 521.
Chiengmai, ‘eine Sootep, 720 m., Keer, 614,
Distr. Burm
Aglaonema se tant Schott—F.B.1., vi. p. 529.
ee, Doi Sootep, in evergreen jungle, 900 m., Kerr, 1160,
in part.
Distr, Assam, Chittagong, Arracan.
Aglaonema ee Schott. A, Schottianum, Hook. f., F.B.I.,

vi, p. 529, i
ane De Doi Sootep, in evergreen jungle, 900 m., Aerr, 1160,

een Burma, Malay Peninsula.

The writer cannot follow Williams and Hosseus in regarding
A, malaccense, Schott and A. Schottianum, Miq. as synonymous.

Aglaonema sp., an A. tenuipes, Engler ?

Sriracha, Nawng Kaw, in evergreen jungle, 30 m., Kerr, 2

Differs from Engler’s description in the slightly smaller leaves
and the longer peduncle, but Kerr’s specimens are in fruit, whereas
those described by Engler were in flower.

Homalomena aromatica, Schott—F.B.L., vi. p. 532.

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, in marshy ground, 660 m., Kerr, 1864.

Distr. ssam.
Rhaphidophora glauca, Schott, var. khasiana, Hook. - S - L, vi.
p. 547; Engler, Engler Pflanzenr., Arac.-Monsteroid., p. 4

Duar ane Doi Sootep, i in evergreen jungle, 200 m., c 1813.

Disir.
Pothos © theartii, Schott—F.B.1., vi. p. 552; Engler, Engler
Pflanzenr., aoe .—Pothoid., p. 27.
C iengmai, Doi Pcoten, on trees in thick evergreen jungle,
1200-165 0 m., Kerr, 1872.

Distr. Himalaya, Assam, Burma, Yunnan.

Pothos scandens, Linn., forma angustior, Engler—Engler, Engler
Pflanzenr., Arac.~Pothoid. spe 26.

Sriracha, N awng Kai Ploi, common on trees in evergreen jungle,

m., Kerr, 2

Distr; (of form). Malaya, (Assam, ex Engler.)

Siamese name, T” — (ex Kerr).

ALISMACEAE.
BSagittaria hy aoe —- B.L, vi. p. 561.

Chiengmai, in moat, 300 m., Kerr, 1223.
Distr, Europe, Asia, N, “Ameri rica

421

ERIOCAULACEAE,

Eriocaulon ee ees Mart.—F¥.B.I., vi. p. 582; Ruhland,
Engler Pflan , Eriocaul., p.

Ciiésiomnat, “Dei ‘oe "by edge of stream and in swamp,
330-420 m., Kerr, 1635, 1932.

Distr. India, Burma, Khas

Hosseus ii. p. 372-3 also fesonda a form of EH. truncatum from
Wang Djao and a species of Eriocaulon from Doi Sootep.

CYPERACEAE.*

Kyllinga brevifolia, Rotth—F.B.1., vi. p. 588; C. B. Clarke,

Il. Cyp., t. i
Chcengiss, in short grass, 300 m., Kerr, 857 ; Doi Sootep, in
50.

open marsh, 660 m., Kerr, 26
Distr. Warm regions of both hemispheres, except the Mediter-

Kyllinga per poe —F.B.L, vi. p. 588; C. B. Clarke,
UL -Cyp., <t: Hosseus, i. p. 459. Cyperus monocephalus,
F. Muell. Williams, Bull. Herb. a iv. — ) p. 224.

Chiengmai, in short grass, 300 m., Kerr, 856

Distr. India, China, Indo-China, Malera: Australia, Africa.

Pycreus globosus, patie P. capillaris, Nees—F.B.L., vi. p. 591.

hiengmai, Doi Sootep, in marshy ground, 340 m., ’ Kerr, 1916.

Distr. Asia and Afrion,

Pycreus nitens, Nees—F.B.I., vi. p. 591; Hosseus, i. p. 370 et ii.

. 458.

ang eee Mee m., Hosseus, 104; Chiengmai, in pastures,
300 m., Ker
Distr. Wiss regions of the Old World.
Pycreus unioloides, Makino, Por oe: Tokyo, xvii. p.49. Pycreus
gees Nees—F.B.I., vi ; C. B. Clarke, ii. Cyp., t. iv.
engmai, pate Sootep, in rare ground, deciduous jungle,
400 m., Kerr, 1901.
Distr. Tropics.
Juncellus pygmaeus, C. B. Clarke, F. a I., vi. p. 596.
Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, in marsh, 3 Om, Kerr, 1860.
istr. Warm regions of Asia, Ntvicn and Australia.

v haaelael ele ei Steud.—¥ .B.L., vi. p. 610 ; C. B. Clarke, Ill.

yp., t. x
Chien puritad, Doi ane, in swamp, 340 m., Kerr, 1925.
Distr. India, Malay

har iea ie balotad: Vahl—F. B.L, vi. p. 597; C. B. Clarke, Ill.
yp., t. v

Chisngniat moat, 300 m., Kerr, 1958.

Distr. India, China, Indo-China, Malaya, Australia.

Cyperus diffusus, Vahi—F.B.L., vi. p. 603 ; Hosseus, i. p. 458,
ee Doi Sootep, in mixed jungle, 340 m., Kerr, 1908.
Distr. Warm regions of both hemispheres.

* Cyperaceae, by W. B. Turrill.

422

Cyperus distans, Linn. —F.B.1., vi. p. 607.
paename Doi Sootep, beside stream, 340 m., Kerr, 1937.
: Warm regions of both hemispheres.

<a eleusinoides, Auwnth—F.B.L., vi.

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, by stream in deciduous jungle, 400 m.,
Kerr, 1180; edge of stream, 338 m., in clumps, Kerr, 1923 ;
open marshy ground, 660 m., Kerr, 2640.

Distr. Asia, Africa, Australia,

Cyperus Haspan, Linn. —F.B.L, vi. p. 600 ; Williams, Bull. Herb.
Boiss., iv. (1904) p. 224 ; Hosseus, i. p. 458 ‘et ii. p- 370. }

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, in marshy ground, eng jungle, 500 m.,
Kerr, 1

ce. Wasa regions of both hemispheres.

_Oyperus Iria, Linn.—F.B.L., vi. p. 606; C. B. Clarke, Il. CYP.»
OCbicapinai, coming up on recently deposited silt, 300 m. hate

Distr. Old World,
Lao name, Yak dank ding (ex Kerr).
Cyperus leucocephalus, Retz. oS 02,
hiengmai, Doi Sootep, degiduona oe 340 m. , Kerr, 1849.
Instr. Tropics.
Cyperus pilosus, Vah/—}'.B.L., vi. p. 609.
Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, in swamps, 340 m., Kerr, 1930.
Distr. Tie, Asia, Africa, Australia

Cyperus Log aes Willd.—F.B.L., vi. p. 600; C. B. Clarke,
Ill. Cyp., t. x. ; Hosseus, i. p. 459 et ii. 'p. 370.

Cliche ae 350 m. (ex Hosseus).

Distr. India, Indo-China, Malaya.

Cyperus radiatus, Vah/—F.B.I., vi. p. 617.

iengmai, in swampy seers 310 m., Kerr, 1921.

Distr. Asia, Africa, America

Cyperus rotundus, Linn.—F BL, vi. p. 614; Hosseus, i. p. 459
et li. p. 370.

hiengmai, in rice fields, 300 m., Kerr, 1540b, abundant in

pastures, 300 m. » Kerr, 2628 ; Wang Djao, Haass, 133a.

Distr. Warm regions of both oe

Lao name, ya m’niu mu (ex Kerr).

Cyperus prescreine Poiret.

* Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, marshy ground, 330 m., Kerr, 2239a—
a single small specimen mixed with arate schoenoides, Vahl.

Distr, China, Malaya, Africa, Australia

Cyperus Zollingeri, Steud.—F.B.1., vi. p- 613; C. B. Clarke, Ill.
Crp. t. Xviii.

Chie engmai, Doi Sootep, in mixed jungle, 340 m., Kerr, 1900.
Distr, Trop. Asia, Africa, and Australia
Mariscus Clarkei, Turvill, Sp. n., affinis ue Sieberiano, Nees,

foliis longis flaccidis, carinis sectione transverso rotundatis, Sele
laxioribus differt.

423

Rhizoma breve. Culmi erecti, usque ad 5 dem. alti, 1 mm.
diametro, leves, basi noduloso-incrassati Folia ese apice
acuminata, usque ad 3 dem. a et 2°5 mm. lata, carinis sectione
transverso rotundatis, glabra. ? Hagler escentia e radiis quinque con-
stituta, spiculis laxius dispositis; bracteae foliis similes, usque ad
2°7 dem iculae 3 mm. longae; gluma prima (infima)
longitudine praecipue variabilis, Te inferiorum setacea, apice
acuta vel acuminata, usque ad 1 cm. longa, spicularum superiorum
apice acuta, 1°5 mm. longa, 0°5 mm. lata; gluma secunda apice
obtusa, 2 mm. longa, ‘0°75 mm. lata; gluma tertia nucigera, apice
acuta, 3°5 mm. longa, 1 mm. lata, carina sectione transverso obtusa, alis
haud striatis ; rhachilla supra ’olumam nuciteram ad 3°5 mm. pro-
ducta, uninervia, alis 2. Stamina 3, filamentis 4 mm. longis.
Stylus (cum ramis) 5 mm. ore ramis tribus 4 mm. longis. Nuz
2°25 mm. longa, 0°5 mm. diamet

Inpo-Cuina. Assam : Shillong, 1500 m. C. B. Clarke,
43,573a, per Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, in deciduous jungle,
900 m., Kerr, 2637.

tele cyperinus, Vahi—F.B.I., vi. p. 621; C. B. Clarke,
Ill. Cyp., t. xxii.

Chivngmal Doi Sootep, by area 340 m., Kerr, 1928.

Distr. Trop. Asia, Polynesi

Mariscus rtd pares vi. p. 620; C. B. Clarke,

YD.,. &-=

Srimeha By’ by « sea shore, Kerr, 2043.

Distr. India, Malaya, Africa,

Mariscus microcephalus, Presl—F.B.L.. vi. p. 624. Cyperus
dilutus, Vahl—Williams, Bull. Herb. Boiss., i iv. (1904) p. 224.

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, marshy ground, 340 m., Kerr, 1915.

Distr, India, China, Indo-China, Malaya, Mauritius.

se ives paniceus, Vahl, var. Roxburghiana, C. B. Clarke, F.B.L.,

vi.
Chicnirant Doi Sootep, oo jungle, 340 m., Kerr, 1850.
Distr, India, Indo-Chin
Eleocharis equisetina, Preal —F.B.L, vi. p. 626.
Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, in marshy ground, id m., Kerr, 2621.
Distr. Ceylon, Malay Peninsula, Polynesi
i variegata, Kunth, var. laxiflora, C. B. Clarke, F.B.1.,
vi.

Citenpuiat, Doi Sootep, growing in —— 338 m., Kerr, 1931.
Distr. India, China, Malaya, Polynesi

Fimbristylis aestivalis, Vahi—F.B.1., vi. p. 637; C. B. Clarke,
ll. Cyp., t. xli.; Hosseus, i. p. os et ii. p. 370.

Chieng Dao, 350 m. (ex Hosseus).

Distr. India, China, lndodShina, Malaya, Australia.

erage yi" tas Br., var. cinnamometorum, C. B. Clarke,
F.B.I :

Chien ‘Doi Sootep, small tufts, deciduous jungle, 450-540 m.,
Kerr, 127

Distr. Ceylon, Indo-China, China,

424

Fimbristylis dichotoma, VahI—F.B.I., vi. p. 635; Hosseus, i. p.
461 et i.

ewe Dao, 350 m. (ex Hosseus).

Warm regions of the Old W orld.

Saale diphylla, Vahi—F.B.1., vi. p. 636; C. B, Clarke,
Ill. Cyp., t. xlii. ; Williams, Bull. Herb. eee iv. 0d) p. 224;
Hosseus, i. p. 461 et ii. p. 370

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, marshy ground in eng jungle, 480 m.,
Kerr, 1896; by = in deciduous jungle, 390 m., Kerr, 1181;

in open marsh, 6 m., Kerr, 2649 ; marshy ground, 330 m., err,
2239b (mixed ti Fimbristylis schoenoides, i Kerr, 2239).
Distr. arm regions of both hemispher

‘he four specimens quoted above, all tallest by Dr. Kerr on
Doi Sootep, illustrate remarkably well the polymorphic nature of
this species. No. 1181 is a tall plant growing to a height of
10 dem., with long ee and slightly hairy leaves and glabrous
inflorescence. 896 is a medium-sized plant with shorter
obtuse broad (3 mm. broad) leaves. No. 2239b is a very small
and slender plant, about 12 em. high, with very narrow leaves
(0°5 mm. broad), No. 2649 is a tall tka growing to a height of

9 dem., with the stem and inflorescence distinctly hairy and the
fave (blades and sheaths) densely white pubescent. This last
plant is evidently Fimbristylis tomentosa, Vahl which C. B. Clarke
considered only a form of F. diphylia, Vahl. All the above plants
have the characteristic longitudinally-ribbed nut of F. diphylla.

Fimbristylis Eragrostis, Hance, Journ. Linn. Soc., xiii. p. 132.
Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, in one jungle, 300-600 m., Kerr, 825.
Distr. China, Indo-Chin

ore fuscoides, C. S. Clarke, Kew Bull, Add. Series,
1. p. 2

Ax
©

se i near T'apotsah, Wang Djao forest, Lindhard.

Distr. Indo-China, Borneo

Fimbristylis penne uray BI, vi. p. 644; Coll: et
ae Journ. Linn. Soc., — p. 140.

engmail, in rice , fields, 30 300 m, ; Kew 1539

Disn India, Ceylon, China, Indo-China, ] — Polynesia.

Fimbristylis miliacea, Vah/—F.B.1., vi. p. 644 ; Williams, Bull.
Herb. Boiss., iv. (1904) p. 225.

Chiengmai, in rice fields, 300 m., Kerr, 1538b.

Distr. All warm regions.

nied ees rpaeey ae Hassk.—¥.B.1., vi. p. 649; Coll. et

emsl., Journ. Soc., xxviii. p. 141.
Chiengmai, i in oe Jungle, 300 m., Kerr, 1906.
Distr.” All warm ns.

Fimbristylis wit Vahl—F BL, vi.
Chi fengmal, Doi Sootep, in open anie panel 330 m.,. Kerr,

Distr. India, China, Malaya, Australia.

_ Fimbristylis schoenoides, Vahi—¥'.B.L., vi. p. 634.

~ Chiengmai, Doi i Sootep, marshy ground; 330 m. , Kerr, 2239.
Distr. India, China, Indo-China, Malaya, N. Australia.

425

Kerr’s specimens have all single terminal spikelets. In no case
is there the np Stee = of a second spikelet, or even of a
prolongation of the ste
Fimbristylis sericea, R. Br. _F, B.L., vi. p. 641 ; Hosseus, i. p. 462.
long Prao (ex Hosseus).
Distr. India, China, J apan, Indo-China, Malaya, Australia.
Fimbristylis straminea, Zurrill, Kew Bull., 1911, p, 192.
Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, in eng jungle, 550-600 m. , Kerr, 832.
Fimbristylis tetragona, R. Br—F.B.L., vi. p. 631; C. B. Clarke,

Phicgwaras, 1 rice fields, 300 m. 5 Kerr, 1 4b.
Distr. India, China, Indo-China, Rhee scares
Fimbristylis sorttapits, Turrill, Kew Bull., 1911, p. 348.
Chiengmai, et Sootep, growing singly, deciduous jungle,
330-540 m., Kerr, 1271.
Fimbristylis faeries: C. B, Clarke, Journ. Linn. Soc., xxxvi.
247.

" Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, in deciduous jungle, 450-600 m., Kerr,
1193.

Distr, Yunnan, Indo-China. ao

Bulbostylis barbata, Awnth—F.B.L., vi. p. 651; Hosseus, i. p. 462
et li. p. 369

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, 360 m., in deciduous jungle, Kerr, 1349
and in a ‘clearing, 330 m., Kerr, 1920.

Distr. Warm regions "of both hemispheres.

age tae Linn, fil.-¥.B.1., vi. p. 659; C, B. Clarke, Tl.
Cyp., t

Ctienama Doi Sootep, in swamp, 330 m., Kare, 1918.

tstr. India, Indo-China, Malaya.

rae? mucronatus, Linn.—F.B.I., vi. p. 657.

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, in marshy ie 660 m., Kerr, 1143.

Distr. Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia

age | — Linn. —¥.B.1., vi. p. 663 ; C. B. Clarke, IIl,

hiengenat Doi Sootep, eng jung, 360 m., Kerr, 2244,
Distr. India, China, Trop. Afri
sacha Pansat Rotth.—F, BLL, vi. p. 666 ; C. B. Clarke, Ill.

Be ana Doi Sootep, by stream in oe jungle, 390 m.,
Kerr, 1179 and in swamp, 330 m., Kerr, 19

Distr. Warm regions of both paaihiees

Lipocarpha argentea, Br.—T’.[3.1., vi. p. 667; C. B. Clarke, II.
Cyp., t. lx. ; Hosseus, i. p. 457 et ii. p. 370.

Chicnpha Doi Sootep, marshy ground, 660-700 m., Kerr, 1178,
Hosseus, 481.

Distr. Tropics and sub-tropics of Old World.

Ascolepis sp. n. Scirpus squarrosus, var, siamensis, C, B. Clarke
apud Hosseus, i. p. 460 ; Hosseus ii. p. 371.

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, in _— ann by bared 540 m.,
Kerr, 2261 ; Wang Djao, Paidai, 01,

426

Rynchospora longisetis, R. Br—F.B.L, vi. p. 669; C. B. Clarke,
lll. Cyp., t. lxv.; Hosseus, i. p. 463 et il. p. 371.

Chiengmai, rice fields, 300 m., Kerr, 1595b; Wang Djao;
Hosseus, 132 ; Raheng, Lindhard.

Distr. Indo-China, N. Australia.

Rynchospora Wallichiana, Kunth—F.B.I., vi. p. 668; C. B. Clarke,

‘ bg te SRLYs

ehivignial Doi Sootep, in deciduous jungle, 510 m., Kerr, 1219a ;

open marsh, 660 m., Kerr, 2648.

Distr. Tropical Asia, Australia, and Africa. —

A specimen from Doi Sootep, in eng jungle, 450 m., Kerr, 1219
is almost certainly a very young example of this species.

Scleria elata, Thwaites—-¥.B.I., vi. p. 690.

Chiengmai, Doi: Sootep, in mixed and evergreen jungles, 600-
900 m., Kerr, 1691.

Distr, India, Ceylon, China, Indo-China, Malaya.

The nuts of Kerr, 1691 have more prominent beaks than those of
the type but otherwise the plants are similar.

A specimen collected on Doi Sootep, growing in tufts, deciduous
jungle, 330-540 m., Kerr, 1269 is probably a young example of this
species.

Scleria Kerrii, Turrzl/, Kew Bull., 1910, p. 384.

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, in eng jungle, 300-450 m., Kerr, 1239.

Scleria pergracilis, Aunth—F.B.L, vi. p. 685; C. B. Clarke, Ll.

yp. t. Cxxi. : .

Chiengmai, Doi -Sootep, eng jungle, not tufted, 360-540 m.,
Kerr, 1428 ; growing in open marsh, 660 m., Kerr, 2647.

Distr. India, Indo-China, Trop. Africa.

oy baccans, Nees—I*.B.I., vi. p. 722; Hosseus, i. p. 463 et il.

p- 370.
Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, 1680 m. (ex Hosseus).
Distr. India, China, Indo-China, Malaya.
Carex speciosa, Kunth—F.B.L., vi. p. 729.
Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, in open ground, 330 m., Kerr, 1929.
Distr. India, Indo-China, Malaya.

Carex condensata, Nees—F.B.J., vi. p. 716; Franchet, Nouv.
as

Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Par., Sér, iii. eal. vik p- 25

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, in open grassy jungle, 1560 m., Kerr,
1306; Doi Intanon, North Peak, 2205 m., Garrett, 81, rising from
large matted rhizomes.

Distr. India, Indo-China.

A specimen of tufted growth, collected in a young state on Doi
Sootep, 330-540 m., in deciduous jungle, Kerr, 1268, belongs to
Clarke’s section Asiaticae and is probably either this species or
C. cruciata, Wahl.

owes plebeia, C. B. Clarke, F.B.L., vi. p. 718

Distr” Chota Nooo deciduous jungle, 450 m., Kerr, 1977.

427

Carex plesiocephala, Turri/l, Kew Bull., 1910, p. 385.
Chiengmai, in mixed jungle at foot of Doi Sootep, 330 m, eo

Distr. Upper ot
arex sp. nov.? C. [Dietrichiae, Boeck] juvenilis, Hosseus, i.

23.
3 3

Hosseus attributes the authorship of this species to C, B. Clarke
but so far as the writer can ascertain no suc species has ever been
published. Nor is the writer aware of a section of the genus

earing the name Dietrichiae.

The mistake probably arose from a misinterpretation of C. B.
Clarke’s determmation of the plant. Considering the immature
state of the specimen oe Hosseus, 723 in Herb. Kew the writer
concludes that what C. B. Clarke in all probability meant was
Carex sp., statu juvenili affinis C. Dietrichiae, Boeck.

GRAMINEAE.”

Paspalum en ra ——F.B.L., vii. p. 10; Williams,
Bull. Herb. Boiss., iv. (1904) p. 2
wee Doi eee in deciduous jungle, 300-540 m., Kerr,

Dae Tropics of Old World.

Eriochloa annulata, Kunth—Coll. et Hemsl., Journ. ae Soc.,
Xxvill. p. 141. £#. polystachya, H.B.K. ae B.L, vil.

Chiengmai, 300 m., by roadside, Kerr, 1

Distr. Throughout India and moss hot care

Panicum colonum, Zinn.—F.B.L., p- ; Coll. et_Hemsl.,
Journ. Linn. Soc., xxviii. p. 142 ; Williams, Bull Herb. Boiss., iv.
(1904) p. 222.

Chiengmai, banks of Meh Ping, 300 m., Kerr, 1

Distr, Throughout plains of India and most warm nee

Panicum Crus-galli, Linn.—F.B.1., vii. p. 30; Coll. et Hemsl.,
Journ. Linn. Soc., xxviii. p. 142

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, in swamp, 330 m., Kerr, 1919.

Distr. All warm countries.

Panicum distachyum, Linn.—F.B.I., vii. p. 37.

Chiengmai, among tall herbage, 300 n m., Kerr, 1922,

Distr. Trop. Asia, Australia.

Panicum flavidum, Retz.—F. * I., vii. p. 28; Coll. et Hemsl.,
Journ. Linn. Soc., xxviii. p. 1

Chiengmai, Doi Soot tep, in mid jungle, 330 m., Kerr, 1242.

Distr. Trop. Asia and Afric

Panicum indicum, Linn.—F. BL, Vii. p. 41; Williams, Bull.
Herb. Boiss., iv. (1904) p. 222.

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, in open grassy jungle, 1500 m., Kerr,
1509; Raheng, Wang Djao, Lindhard, 20.

Distr. Trop. Asia, Australia,

* Gramineae, except Bambuseae, by O. Stapf,

428

Panicum interruptum, Willd.—-F.B.1., vii. p. 40; Williams, Bull.
‘Herb. Boiss., iv. (1904) p, 222.

Chiengmai, in moat, F300 m., Kerr, 1960; Doi Sootep, on
marshy ground, 330 m., Kerr, 2663.

Distr. India, Malaya, Africa:

Panicum Kurzii, Hook. f., F.B.1., vii. p. 38.

-Chiengmai, Doi Paued in mixed ruials; 360 m., Kerr, 1243.

Distr. Bengal, Behar

Panicum myosuroides, Br. ra B.L., vii. p. 42; Williams, Bull.
Herb. Boiss., v. (1905) p.

Chiengmai, 300 m., on Sabie rice-fields, Kerr, 2249;
Raheng, Lindhard,

iG str. India, China to Australia, Trop. Africa.

Panicum patens, Linn.—F.B.L, vii. p. 57. P. radicans, Retz.
Coll. et Hemsl., Journ. Linn. Soc., xxviii. p. 142 ; Williams, Bull.
Herb. Boiss., iv. (1904) p. 222.

Chiengmai, under bamboos, 300 m., Kerr, Ae Wang Djao,
Long Ison, Lindhard, 35 ; Bangkok, Schomburgh, 1

Distr. India, Khasia, ‘Burma, Malay and Pacific Ts

Panicum paludosum, Roxb, P. proliferum, F.B.I., vii. p. 50.

Chiengmai, on mudbank of Meh Ping, 300 m. , Kerr, 858.

Distr, India to South China and the Malay Archipelago.

As to P, proliferum of Lamarck and most American authors see
Hitchcock and Chase, The N a American species of Panicum
(Contrib, U.S. Nat. Herb., xv. p. 50).

Panicum grea, Lamk.—F¥.B.1., vii. p. 33; Coll. et Hemsl.,
Journ, Linn. Soc., xxviii, p. 142. P. ere L.— Hitchcock and
Chase, Conteh, U.S. Nat. Herb., xv. p. 3

Chiengmai, on waste ground, 300 m., Ker r, 1963.

Distr, Tropics.

Panicum repens, Linn.—F.B.L., Coll. et Hemsl.,
Journ. Linn, = XXviil, p. 141; "Willams, ‘Bull. Herb. Boiss.,
iv. (1904) p.

thi

eee in sata: 300 m., Kerr, 1905; Bangkok, Schomburgh,

Distr. 8. Europe, Asia, Africa, America.
Digitaria fibrosa, Stap/, comb, nov. Panicum jibrosum, Hackel.
naps Doi Sootep, in deciduous jungle, 300-600 m., Ker,
aap te Canton, Hong =

taria pertenuis, Bue

Digi
Chiengmai, in partial thie, 300 m., Kerr, 847,
Distr. Malay Archipelago,

Axonopus cimicinus, Beauy.—F.B.1.,
oe Meh Hia, in mixed cae a aki, 330 m., Kerr,

Da India, Burma, China, Malaya.
— Oplismenus Burmannii, Beauy.—F.B.1.

») Vil. p. 68.
Chiengmai, in more or less shady eae 300 m., Kerr, 846.
Distr. Tropies,

429 .

Oplismenus compositus, Beauv.—F.B.1., vii. p, 66; Williams,
Bull. Herb. Boiss., iv. (1904) p. 222 ; Hosseus, i i Dp. 369,
Bis ane Doi Sootep, in evergreen jungle, 660-1020 m.,. Kerr,
; Doi Sootep, 800-900 m., Hosseus,
pees General in the tropics.
Setaria glauca, Beauv.—F.B. dy vii. p. 78; Coll, et Hemsl.,
ourn, Linn. Soce., xxviii. p. 142
hiengmai, in pastures, 300 m. pets 861 ; Doi Sootep, in mixed
and deciduous jungle, 330 m. , Kerr, 12
Distr, Tropics and eh may regions,
Polytoca bracteata, Br.—F’.B.I., vii. p. 101; Coll. et Hemsl.,
Journ, Linn. Soc., xxviii. p. 14
Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, 540- 600 m., Serb, 1437, 2219, 2226.
Distr. Sikkim, Assam, Burma, mikin
Polytoca Wallishianss Benth—F¥. 3 He : vil. p.» 101; Coll. et
emsl., Journ. Linn. Soc., xxviii.
Near Kampeng Pet, edge of pee: on banks of Meh Ping,
105 m., Kerr, 2
Distr. ees
Oryza granulata, Nees—F'.B,L., vii. p. 9
Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, in mized he 330 m., Kerr, 1241,
Distr. India, Assam,
Leersia hexandra, Sv. _F. B. x vil. p. 94.
Chiengmai, Doi ‘Sootep, i in rise Relde 330 m., Kerr, 1537b.
Distr, Tropics and subtropics. '
Arundinella nepalensis, Z'rin. A. brasiliensis, Hook. f., F.B.L.,
vii. p.
Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, in mixed jungle by stream, 540 m.,
Kerr, 2
Die” india. Burma, Assam, nee Australia,
famndinels setosa, Zrin.—F.B.L., p- 70; Coll. et Hemsl.,
Linn. Soc., xxviii. p. 143 ; Willians, Bull, Herb. Boiss.,
v. "¢ 1905) p-
Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, in eng jungle, 300-600 m., Kerr, 824 ;
Raheng, Lindha
Distr. ina China, Tonkin, Philippines.
Thysanolaena Agrostis, Nese D.L;, Vis p. 61.
Chiengmai, Dei Sootep, 1650 m., Kerr, 1640.
Distr. India, Burma, Penang to New (Zuinea.
Perotis latifolia, Ait.—F'.B.I., vii. p. 98 ; Coll. et Hemsl., Journ.
Linn. Soc., xxviii. p. 144
Chiengmai, Doi Bootep in deciduous jungle, 360 m., Kerr, 1352;
Cape Liant, Murton, 3
Distr. ‘Tropics of ola World.
Imperata arundinacea, Cyr.—F’.B.1., vii. p. 106 ; Coll. et Hemsl.,
Journ. Linn. Soc., xxviii, p. 144; Kerr, Kew Bull, 1911, p. 6.
es ors Doi Sootep, on old clearings, 750 m., Rar: 1097 ;
Doi Sootep, 1670 m., Hosseus, 502.
Distr. Ba warm countries of the Old World.
This grass is eut down yearly by the natives and used for
Sore, (ex Kerr, l.c.),

27089 ; Cc

et

i 430

ocean copae tes esa re vii. p. 119.

Raheng, 120 m., Kerr, 9

Distr. India, China, Matis Peninsula.

Saccharum fuscum, Rorb.—F.B.1., vii. p.

ear Kampeng Pet, 105 m., along on “3158 (S. spontaneum)

Kerr, 2159; Raheny, 120 m., Kerr, 901 (growing with No. 900,
S. ar undinaceum).

Distr. India, Assam, Burma.

Saccharum spontaneum, Linn. San BL vip. 1183 Coll. et
Hemsl., Journ. Linn. Soc., xxviii. p. 144.

ear Kampeng Pet, forming extensive growths on banks of

lower Meh Ping with other grasses, 105 m., Kerr, 2

Distr. Warm regions of the old wor

Lao name, Pong (ex Kerr).

Pollinia wae al Trin.—F¥.B.L., vii. p. 109.

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, in eng jungle, 540 m., Kerr, 1559 b.

Distr, India, Assam, Burma, China, Malaya, Australia.

Pollinia Cumingii, Nees—F.B.I., vil. p. 114

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, in open -sorub jungle 330 m., Kerr, 2240.

Distr. S.E. Asia, Malaya, Aust

Pollinia speciosa, Hack.—F.B.I1., vii. p. 113

Cheng, Doi Sootep, in open grassy jungle, 1350-1500 m.,
Kerr, 1510
Distr. Khasia and Naga Hills, China.

Pogonatherum saccharoideum, Beauv.—l’.B.1., p- 141; Coll.
et Hemsl., Journ. Linn. Svc., xxviii. p. 144 ; pod ii. p. 369.
a Chiengmai, Doi Sootep,. 300-900 m., Rex. 950, Hosseus, 291,

Distr. India, Assam, Burma, China, Laas

Apocopis Wightii, Nees ex Steud. —F.B.1., vii.

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, in eng jungle, 540 m., B corel 2229, 823.

Distr. Fis to China and Tonkin.

Arthraxon microphyllus, Hochst—F.B.L., vii. p. 147.

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, on old wall, 860 m m. oes 869.

Distr. India, Tonkin, Trop. Afsen.

Rottboellia compressa, Linn. f—F.B.1., vii. p. 153.

Chiengmai, 300 m., Kerr, 2005 ; Doi ee marshy ground by
stream, 300 m. ek 1934.

istr. ost warm countries. .

Ophiurus corymbosus, Gaertn.—F. vi ig .¥n. dp... 160. Coll. et

emsl., Journ, Linn. Soc., xxviii. p. 145.

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, i in mixed jungle, 660 m., Kerr, 1601 b.

Distr. India, Khasia, Tonkin, Australia.

Manisuris granularis, Linn. f. = Es I., vi. .p..169 ;, Coll... et
Hemsl., Journ. Linn. Soc., xxviii. p

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, i in eng ate 360 m., Kerr, 2213.

Distr. Most tropical countries.

Eremochloa leersioides, Hack.—F.B,I., vii. p. 140.

Chiengmai, po Sootep, on sandy ground in deciduous jungle,
330 m., Kerr,

str’, Hise China, Tonkin.

431

Ischaemum angustifolium, Hack. ait B.L., vii. p. 129; Coll. et
emsl., Journ, Linn. Soc., xxviii. p. 145
Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, i in deciduous ‘(eng) jungle, 800-540 m.,
Kerr, 1
Distr. Aina, India, China, Philippines.

Ischaemum aristatum, Linn.—F’.B.1., vii. p. 126.

are age Doi Sootep, by streams in deciduous jungle, 450 m.,
Kerr, 1

Distr. ene Assam, Burma, China, Tonkin, Malaya.

aaa aristatum, Linn., subsp. imberbe, Hack,—Hosseus, ii.

Ferien, Doi Sootep, 1050 m. (ex Hosseus).
Distr. India, Khasia, Philippines.

Ischaemum laxum, AR. Br.—F.B.1., vii. p. 136; Coll. et Hemsl.,
Journ, Linn, Soc., xxviii. p. 145.

Chiengmai, Doi Soo otep, in eng jungle, 540 m., Kerr, 2255.

ee: India to Australia in the S.E. and the Cape Verd Is. in
the V

Andropogon brevifolius, Sw.—F.B.I., vii. p. 165.
Chiengmai, a Sootep, in eng jungle, 300-450 m., Kerr, 896.
Distr. Tro

Andropogon oars Linn.—F.B.L., vii. p.
Chiengmai, in uncultivated rice fields, 300 m. “Karr, 2614.
Distr. India, Burma, China, Mauritius, New Caledonia.

Andropogon Le er Sw.—F.B.L, vii. p. 167.
Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, in eng jungle, 360 m., Kerr, 2243.
Distr. India, Indo-China, China, “Trop. Africa and re

Andropogon micranthus, Kunth, var. spicigerus, Hac
Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, in deciduous jungle, 900 m., Seis: 1982,
Distr, (of var.). China, Australia, New Caledonia

ei ye Pseudograya, Steud. A. hirtiflorus, Hook. hig Bhs. 1,
vii, p. 167.
ye Doi Sootep, in eng jungle, 540 m., Kerr, 2227.

S. China to Khasia Hills, Singapore, "Ceylon.

soc halepense, Steud. Andropogon halepensis, Brot.—F.B.1.,
vil, p. 182.
Meh Pin ng, Pak Bawng, covering low-lying areas by banks of
_ Gis Kerr, 2006 ; near Kampeng Pet, 105 m., Kerr, 2156.
Distr. Most warm countries,
ig name, Ya Pong (ex Kerr). |
hrysopogon acicalatus, Z'rin. Andropogon aciculatus, Retz.—

F, B. I., vii. p. 188.

Chiengmai, i in pastures, 300 m., Kerr, 842.

Distr, Trop. Asia to Aust ralia

Chrysopogon monticola, 7’rin. Andropogon monticola, Schult., var.
monticola, proper, Hook. f., 1., vii. p. 193.

Kau Phra Dang, 300 m., Hosseus, 160.

Distr. India, Afghanistan, S. Africa.

27089 C2

432

Vetiveria zizanioides, Stapf. Andropogon squarrosus, Linn. i.—

B.L, vii. p. 186.

Meh Ping, Doi Noi, 300 m, sees 2007.

Distr. Trop. Africa and Asi

agen tr contortus, teas as Schult. Andropogon contortus,

nn.— Coll. et Hemsl., Journ. Linn. So

XXvVill. p. 146 ; Williams, Ball Herb. Boiss., iv. (1904) p. 221,

Cage "Doi Sootep, in small tufts in mixed jungle, 330 m.,
Kerr, 126

Distr. Tropics.

Heteropogon Sg: Staph: comb. nov. Andr opogon triticeus,
B. Br.—F.B.L,, vii. p. 200

Chiengmai, Dot Sootep, i in eng jungle, 300-600 m., Kerr, 833.

Distr. India, Burma, Malaya, Australia.

Themeda gigantea, [ack., subsp. arundinacea, Hacks een ta
gigantea, Cav., subsp. aesieariion, Hook. f., F.B.1., vii. p, 217.

Chiengmai, ‘Kerr, 1 1439.

Distr. Trop. Asia to Australia.

Themeda gigantea, Hack., subsp. villosa, Hack. Anthistiria gigan-
tea, Cav., subsp. villosa, Hook. £,, #.B.1, vi..p..217.

iengmai, by stream on Doi Sootep, 540 ik Kerr, 2252.

Distr. Assam, Malaya.

Apluda varia, Hack.—F.B.1., vii.

Near Kampeng Pet, Meh Ping acai: 105 m., Kerr, 2155.

Distr, Trop. Asia to Australia.

Aristida Cumingiana, Trin. et Rupr. ree B.I., vii. p. pais Coll. et
Hemsl., Journ. Linn. Soc., xxviii. p. 147 ; Hossens, i ii.

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, on pasture g eround, 330 m., Bor, 1593 b.

Distr. Trop. Africa and Asia.

Sporobolus diander, Beauy.—F.B.1., vii. p. 247.

Chiengmai, in pastures, aes » Kerr, 8

Distr. Trop. Asia and Aus

Sporobolus pulchellus, Br. a 3. L vil. p. 252.

Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, in deciduous jungle, 360 m., mith 1351.

Distr, Behar, Chota Nagpur, Upper Burma, Australia

Sporobolus tremulus, Awnth—¥.B.1., vii. p. 250.

Chiengmai, on dry mud, 300 m. , Kerr, 1695.

Distr. India, Indo-China.

Cynodon dactylon, Pers.—F.B.I., vii. p- 288; Coll. et Hemsl.,
Journ. Linn. Soc., xxviii. p. 147. ;

Chiengmai, 300 m., Kerr, 845, 944.

Distr. Most warm countries.

Lao name, Ya pet (ex Kerr).

Chloris delicatula, C. B. Clarke ex Hook. f., F.B.1., vii. p. 290.

Chiengmai, = Sootep, common on stoney ground i in eng jungle,
360 m., Kerr,

Diy. Choi Nagpur, “ge
Dactylocteniu aegyptiacum, Willd. Eleusine aeqyptiaca, Desf.—

F, se “ vii. p. 2955 Coll. et Hemsl., Journ. Linn. Soc., xxviii.
p. 1

OC.,

Chisngmai 300 m., in pastures, Kerr, 859,
Distr. Tropics and se tropics

433

Eleusine indica, Gaertn.—F.B.1., vii. p. 293; Coll. et Hemsl.,

ourn. Linn. Soc., xxviii. p. 148 ; Wika, Bull. Herb. Boiss. is IVs
(1904) p. 223.

Chiengmai, 300 m., usually i 2 — shade, Kerr, 848.

Disir. Tropics of Old Wor

Leptochloa chinensis, ine ey Es, p. 299.

hiengmai, 300 m., Kerr, 1955—a seated weed.
Distr. Trop. Asia to Australia

Triraphis eee Hook. f. Neyraudia madagascariensis,
Hook. f., F.B.I., vii. p. 305.

Chiengmai, Boi Sootep, forming thickets 3-4°5 m. high on
clearings, Kerr, 1639.

Distr. Trop. Asia, Africa, Madagascar.

Eragrostis amabilis, Wight et Arn. ex Nees—¥.B.L., vii. p. 317 ;
Williams, Bull. He rb, Boiss., v. (1905) p. 960.

Chisaomai-d in pastures, 300 m., Kerr, 860 ; Doi Sootep, on road,
660-1020 m., Kerr, 866 ; Raheng, Lindhard

Distr. Trop. Asia.

Eragrostis gangetica, Roxb. E. elegantula, ¥.B.L., vii. i. p. 318.

iengmai, Doi Sootep, on pasture grounds see in rice fields,
2623.

istr. Trop. Asia and Africa.
Eragrostis plumosa, Zink.—Coll. et Hemsl., Journ. Linn. Soc.,
xxvill. p. 149. E. tenella, Roem. et Sch., var. plumosa, Stapf,
F.B.L, vii. p. 316.
a In pastures, 300 m., Kerr, 844.
Distr. Trop. Asia and Afri

Centotheca lappacea, Desv. ae B. I., vii. p. 332; Williams, Bull.
erb, Boiss., iv. (1904) p. 223.

Chieaiy emai, Doi Sette: 3 in evergreen jungle, 660-1020 m., Kerr,

Distr. Trop. Asia and Africa, Polynesia.

Bambusa arundinacea,* Retz—F.B.1., vii. p. For. FI.
eae ii. p. 554; Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale., vii.
p- 51, t. 48.

Lekoa: in scrub jungle, 300 m., Kerr, 1011 ; Phre, Me K’Mi, in
scrub jungle, 180 m., Kerr, 2356 ; Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, 300 m.,
Hosseus, 444 ?
istr. India, Assam, Burma.
Lao name, Mai Pai (ex Kerr).

Bambusa Tulda, Rord.—F.B.1., vii. p. 387; For. FI. gre ii.
ee 558; Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale., vil. p. 30, t. 29;

osseus, li. p. 368.

Muang Prow, Ban Long Kaut, by streams, 600 m., Kerr, 1029 ;
Doi Chieng Dao, 1200-1500 m., Hosseus , 408.

Distr. Bengal, Assam, Burma.

ae eee siamensis, Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc.,
vii. p. 59, t. 51 ; F.B.L, vii. p. 397.

* For the identifications of the Bambuseae I am indebted to Mr. J. 8. Gamble.

434

‘Near Lakon, forming the greater part of some dry jungles,
300 m., Kerr, 973 ; Siam, Kurz.

Distr. Upper Burma.

Lao name, Mai Hooak (ex Kerr).

Oxytenanthera albociliata, Munro—F. is - . p. 401; Gamble,
Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc., vii. p. Ope hs chien albo-

woe aah in eng jungle, 390 m., Kerr,
Distr.

Lao name, "Mai Pahng, Mai Bong Pah (ex Kerr).

Oxytenanthera Hosseusii, Pilger—Hosseus, ii. p. 369.
Nakontai (ex Hosseus).

hon agent Brandisii, Kurz—F.B.1., vii. p. 404; For. Fl.
Burma, ii. p. 560; Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard, Cale. 5 Vil.
p. 8l, t. 71.
Chiengmai, 300 m., cultivated, Kerr, 891.
Distr. Burma.
Lao name, Mai Sang Yen (ex Kerr).

Sagan membranaceus, Munro—F.B.L., 404; For.
Fl]. Burma, ii. p. 560; Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. “lard: Cale., vii.

81, ‘71.
“ fcwaat Lakon and Phre, near Ban Meh Tah, on sides of
limestone ravines, 300 m., Kerr, 9

Distr. Burma

Lao name, Mai Sang (ex Kerr),

Dendrocalamus nudus, Pilger—Hosseus, ii. p. 369.
Chiengmai, 300 m., Hosseus, 290a.

GYMNOSPERMAE.
CYCADACEAR.

Cycas immersa, Cratb, sp. n., a C. pectinata, Gritf., et C. stamenst,
Migq., quibus affinis, costa foliolorum supra immersa haud prominente
rec edit.

Truncus erectus, ad 90 cm. altus (ex Kerr). Folia circiter 70 cm.
sone petiolo circiter 19 em. longo superne lateraliter spinoso

uffulta ; rachis subtus inferne conspicue carinata, apicem versus
sonvaxe plus minusve glabrescens, supra plus minusve distincte
carinata; foliola utringue numerosa, lineari-lanceolata, parum
falcata, apice pungentia, ad 15 cm. longa, 7 mm. lata, rigida, supra
glabra, subtus minute parce brunneo-pubescentia, costa supra
immersa subtus valde prominente. Carpophylla ambitu obovata
6°5-10°5 cm. longa, ad 5 em, lata, tota, ovulis exceptis, hirsuto-

instructa, parte superiore laminam acuminatam one

ambitu oblongi, ad 21 cm, longi et 8 em. diametro, pedunculo com-
muni 5 cm, longo basi nudo superne squamis obtecto suffulti ;

435

Squamae circiter 25 mm. longae, ad 18 mm. latae, supra apice
excepto glabrae, subtus furfuraceo-tomentellae ; ; acumen rigidum,
sursum directum, circiter 12 mm. lon

Between cane and Phre, near Pang Pooey, i in deciduous jungle,
420 m., Kerr,

Lao name, Ms Prou Tou (ex Kerr).

Cycas siamensis, Mig.—F.B.1., v. p. 657; For. FI. Burma, ii.

. 503; Hosseus, ii. p. 367.

Ban Meh Weng, 300 m. (ex Hosseus).

Distr. Bur

GNETACEAE.
Gnetum scandens, Ror).—F.B.I.,

Chiengmai, by a stream, foot of Dott aba: 300 m., Kerr, 602.
Distr. India, Assam, Malaya.

CONIFERAE.

Cephalotaxus Fortunei, Hook. pense li, p. 368.

Doi Intanon, 1300-1650 m. (ex Hosseus).

Pinus khasya, Royle—¥.B.1., v. p. 652; Coll. et Hemsl., Journ.
Linn. Soc., xxviii. p. 129 ; Hosséus, 8 m

Chiengmai, on open ridges on Doi Sootep, 900-1600 m., Kerr,
962, Hosseus, 318.

Dut. Burma, Assam, Bengal.

Lao name, Mai Kia (ex Kerr).

Pinus Merkusii, Jungh.—F.B.L., v. p. 652; Coll. et Hemsl.,
Journ. Linn. Soc., xxviii. p. 129

Near Chiengrai, Hue San, common in eng jungle, 450-480 m.,
Kerr, 250

Distr. ‘Burma, Cochinchina, Sumatra, Philippines.

Lao name, Mai Kia (ex Kerr).

LVII—“WHITE-HEADS” OR “TAKE-ALL” OF WHEAT
AND OATS

( Ophiobolus graminis, Sacc.)
G. Masszer.

This serious disease presents itself under two very different
aspects, depending to a very great extent on the period at which
plants are attac and on wea tae conditions favouring
respectively the host Giant or the fungu
the condition known as “ White-heads,” the plants usually
attain their full growth and the ears are of normal size, but the
grain either remains a yee or is very much shrivelled and
useless. The ears and straw of such diseased plants present a
bleached Sppesinies, suggesting at a distance premature ripening,
but on examination the entire plant proves to be dry and dead, and
two or three inches at the base of the straw presents a blackened
appearance, as if it had been charred, If this blackened portion

436

of the straw be examined with a pocket-lens, numerous minute,
black, wart-like bodies will be seen, more especially on the inner
side of: the sheaths encircling the base of the stem. These are the
fruits of the fungus causing the disease. This phase of the disease
often occurs in more or less definite patches in the field, which show
conspicuously at a distance owing to their whitish or bleached
appearance, while the healthy part of the crop is still green.

In the condition known as “ Take-all,” the plants are attacked
seriously at an early stage of growth and become yellow, and often
die before the stem is formed, or at all events before the ear escapes

from its sheath. § in the case of “ White-heads” the disease

of such stunted plants may be found. If carefully examined the base
of the plant will be found to present a somewhat blackened nance.

dense formation of root-hairs. In many instances a second lot of
roots may be formed higher up on the stem of diseased plants, but
these in turn are attacked by the fungus, and the plant ultimately
succumbs, ‘ White-heads ” and “ Take-all” were at one time con-

Infection experiments have proved that this fungus is the direct
cause of the disease.

he disease is probably far more prevalent in this country than is
generally suspected. Material sent to Kew from time to time, for
examination, while highly suggestive of this disease, is invariably
cut off at some distance from the ground, consequently that portion
of the plant that would afford actual proof of the nature of the
disease-is absent, and a request for a secend batch including the
root, is but rarely responded to. The fungus was first observed in
England by Worthington G. Smith in 1884,* and named “Straw
blight.” It is stated that the loss occasioned ranges from one-half
to one-fiftieth of the crop. The disease is also well known in

The spores of the fungus are liberated during the winter or early
spring, and remain in the soil until the required amount of moisture
and temperature induces germination. According to Mangin,f the
Spores on germination either directly give origin to a number 0
colourless, minute, sickle-shaped, secondary spores, or a slender
germ-tube is first formed, which bears a cluster of the secondary
Spores at its tip. From these secondary spores on germination a
very delicate germ-tube arises, which enters the wheat plant

* Diseases of Field and Garden Crops, p. 6 :
p. 69. s
tT Compt. Rend., 127, p. 286 ; Bull. Soc. Myc, France, 15, p. 210.

437

tion was arrested. After the ae has entered the root it
gradually extends for three or four inches up the stem, and
also passes into the sheaths surrounding the base of the stem. In
addition to permeating the tissues, the mycelium also develops ¢ on

Explanation of the figures.
Fig. 1.—The mts geen of the fungus at the —— of oat plants. Nat. size.
» 2—Fungu eaf-sheath. Slig htly mag
e 2. Pesan, or fruit of the fungus. ies
» 4.—Ascus with = res escaping. Mag
» Spore. Mag
27089 C3

438

the surface of the stem, and on the inner surface of the sheaths,
where it assumes a dark brown colour, and forms a somewhat thick
felt that can be scraped off. The minute black fruits may be found
nestling in this felt of mycelium; they also occur on the root.
ccording to McAlpine,* wheat is the only cereal attacked by this
fungus in Australia ; “the oat grows well in Take-all patches, and
is not attacked by the fungus, hence it is recommended for starving
it out.” This statement, however, does not hold good for this
country, as specimens of oat plants attacked by Ophiobolus graminis
were sent to Kew from Corwen, N. Wales, for determination
during the present season. The diseased oats showed the “ White-
head” phase, with silvery, empty glumes, and the base of the stem
and root with a copious development of blackish, superficial myce-
lium. The fruit of the fungus was present, setting aside all doubt
as to the identity of the parasite. The crop in this instance was
seriously affected, the diseased plants occurring in scattered
es. A field of wheat near Shere, in Surrey, was also badly
attacked by the ‘ White-heads” condition of this disease.

conditions for growth, in a hanging-drop, slender colourless threads
f the dark coloured

plants, both oats and wheat, were yellow and drooping, and an
examination revealed the presence of the characteristic dark-

rome ar and at the end of four days germ-tubes were
observed piercing the cell-wall of the root-hairs, and entering into

without fail, From what has been

439

1 per cent. of phosphate of ammonia are respectively capable of
arresting the growth of the mycelium of the fungus, hence the
choice of the particular fungicide resolves itself into questions as
to the relative cost of each of the three substances, and also as to
which of the three would be most suitable in addition as a fertiliser
for a cereal crop. Superphosphate of lime has been definitely
proved at Kew to arrest the growth of the fungus and this material
can therefore be recommended, the quantity required being 14 cwt.
per acre. It is important that the dressing should be applied at a
time when its activity as a fungicide should be present when the
crop is young, as it is during this period that it is most liable to
infection. Sulphate of iron has proved effective in Australia, in
checking the ravages of “ Take-all,” 1 cwt. per acre being applied.
e earlier varieties of wheat are said to be most susceptible

of the grain. In both instances, the absence of blackness at the
base of the stem, will clearly indicate that Ophiobolus is not the
cause of injury.

$ no proper description of Ophiobolus appears in any British
mycological work, the following diagnosis should enable the fungus
to be recognised :— . ,

Ophiobolus graminis, Sacc. Perithecia scattered, blackish, large,
subglobose, with a straight or more or less curved neck, 400-500 pu
in diameter. Asci narrowly cylindric-clavate, 8-spored, 90-125 x
12-13 py. Spores rod-shaped, almost colourless, 70-100 x 3 yn,
3—5-7-septate.

LVIiI.—_MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.

Str Jospeh Hooxer.—Since the publication in A.B. 1912,
pp. 18-34, of the List of Works by the late Sir Joseph Hooker, the
following additions have been noted :—

1849,
Letter to A. von Humboldt, July 25, 1849. (Hook. Kew
Journ. Bot. 1849, vol. i. pp. 337-344.)
1853.
Note on the Fossil Plants from the Shetlands. (Journ. Geol. Soc.
1853, vol. ix. pp. 49-50.)
1858,
Robert Brown ; an obituary notice. (Gard, Chron. 1858, pp. 493-4,
701, 732-3.) [Vide Proc. Linn. Soc. 1887-8, p. 54, footnote. ]

440

1862.

Acanthonema strigosum, n. gen, et sp., Berberidopsis corallina, n. gen.
et sp., Ritchiea polypetala, n. sp. (Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 1862, tt.
5339, 5343, 5344.

Darwin’s Fertilisation of Orchids ; a review. (Gard. Chron. 1862,
pp. 789-790, 863, 910.) [Vide Life and letters of Charles

arwin, vol. iii. p. 273.]

1863.

ee, limbata, 0. sp., Cypripedium Hooker ae - 8.5 Cinchona
sai alts, Nephelaphyllum scapigerum, n. sp., Bowenia spectabilis,
n. gen. et sp. (Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 1863, tt. 5357, 5362, 5364,

5390, 5398.)

1865.
Moraines of the Tees Valley. (Reader, July 15, 1865, p. 71.)

1866.
The Miscellaneous Botanical Works of Robert Brown; a review.
(Gard. Chron. 1866, p. 414.)
1874.
Presidential address to the Royal Society, Pash -, 1874. (Proc.
Roy. Soc. 1874 [1875], vol. xxiii. pp. 50-73.)
1885.

List of the Plants ——- by Mr. Thomson, F.R.G.S., on the

ountains of Eastern Equatorial Africa Gre D. Oliver) ; ; with

Observations on nue Distribution (by J. D. H.), (Journ.
Linn. Soc., Bot. 1885, vol. xxi. pp. 392-396 -

1890.
Charles James Fox Bunbury ; an arenes notice. (Proc. Roy.
Soc. 1889 [1890], vol. xlvi. pp. xiii. ue
Asa Gray ; an obituary notice. (lc. pp. x iil.)
J as ae _an obituary notice. (Proce. tae, go 1890, vol. xlvii.

X.)
Miles eae Berkeley ; an obituary notice. (l.c. pp. ix—xii.)

1906.
Mrs. Lyell, Life of Sir C. J. F. Bunbury. 1906. (Introductory
note by J. D. H.)
1909.

Impatiens @’Indo-Chine. (Lecomte, Notulae Systematicae, vol. i.
pp. 10-14.)

441

Botanical Magazine for December.—The plants figured are Pinus
Jlexilis, James (t. 8467); Primula Juliae, Kusnezow (t. 8468) ;
Akania Hillii, Hook. f. (t. 8469) ; Lissochilus Andersoni, Rolfe
(t. 8470) ; and Rosa omeiensis, Rolfe (t. 8470

e volume for the year, with which this number of the
Botanical Magazine concludes, is dedicated to Mr. John Medley
Wood, A.L.S., Director of the Botanic Gardens, Durban, Natal.

Pinus flexilis is a very rare tree in British collections. Beyond
the trees at Kew, one of which furnished material for the plate, the
only other good specimens are the two trees at Terling Place, Essex.
The species is a native of Colorado, where it was discovered near
the base of Pike’s Peak in 1820. It was introduced to,cultivation in

1861 by Dr. Parry. It isa five-needle pine and may be distinguished
from all such in cultivation by the entire margins of the leaves, the
deciduous leaf sheaths, and the glabrous young shoots. P. albicaulis
is its nearest ally, but in this species the young shoots are reddish
and pubescent.

The pretty little Transcaucasian Primula, when seen in leaf only
is more like a Je t than a Primula. e flowers are borne
singly as in P. acaulis. The plant was introduced by Prof.
Kusnezow, Dizccior: of the Botanic Gardens, Dorpat, and it was
from a plant sent by him to Kew that the material for the plate was
obtained.

Akania Hillii is a striking plant from Australia, and is of more
particular interest since it is a representive of a monotypic genus of
a very isolated character. It has been referred to a Natural Order
of its own in A.B. 1912, pp. 378-9. The plant from which the
illustration was prepared was received at Kew in 1872 from
Mr en, at Ghent, under the name of Lomatia Bidwillii.
During the 40 years it ‘has been at Kew it has shown no signs of
flowering, but in February last it developed its beautiful white
inflorescences from the hard woody stem. It is planted out in the
open border of the Mexican end of the Temperate House, where
it is now a graceful tree some twenty feet high.

About one hundred species of Lissochilus have been described
from Africa, ZL. Andersoni the subject of the plate is a native of
the swamps of the Gold Coast, and has been collected at Aburi, by
Mr. J. Anderson, and on the Afram plain, by Mr. W. H. Johnson.
The plate was prepared from a plant per ig from Mr. Anderson
in 1908, which flowered at Kew in April, 1911. It is most nearly
allied to L. Millsoni, Rolfe, and to L. purpuratus, Lindl., figured at
t. 7921 of the Magazine. The petals and sepals are pale ——
green, and the lip 1 is white with 5-7 pale purple warted r

Rosa omeiensis from Western China may be aeer i as oe
Eastern representative of the pnignetis R. sericea. It diffe
from that species, however, by its more numerous and selativel)
narrower leaflets, its usually much aaullee flowers, and in the
thickened yellow fruiting pedicels.

It was first found by the Rev. E. Faber on Mount Omei,
Szechuan, at about 8000 feet, and later Mr. A. Henry Seog it
as forming thickets 6-10 feet nigh, both on Mount Omei and on
the Fang Mountains in Hupeh. For its ilfediuctean: we are
indebted to Messrs. J. Veitch and Sons through their collector

442

Mr. E. H. Wilson. The plant flowered and fruited with
Messrs. Veitch in 1908, and provided the material from which the
plate has been prepared.

Agriculture in St. Lucia—The Report on the Agricultural
Department, St. Lucia, for 1911-12, which has recently reached us,
contains evidence of considerable agricultural activity and progress
in the Island. The Botanic Station has now been in existence for
twenty-five years. Efforts for the improvement of the Station are
being continued, but owing to its unfavourable situation, progress is
necessarily difficult and slow.

It is of interest to notice that Fagraea zeylanica, sent from Kew
in 1905, flowered and fruited in June, 1911. It has developed into
a tree of shrubby habit and is considered to be a desirable garden
plant.

Sugar, Cacao, and Limes are the main cultural products, ani
interest in the latter appears to be steadily increasing.

he system of training for the Agricultural Pupils has been
re-organised and they are now to be trained at the Botanic Station.
The arrangements in St. Lucia will apparently be on lines similar
to those which are being carried out with success in Dominica.

British Violets.*—Mrs. Gregory’s book is the outcome of more
than a quarter of a century’s study of the British violets in the
field, the herbarium, and under cultivation. Twelve species of
true violet are recognised for Britain, as compared with eight in
Babington’s Manual, ed. 9, the additional ones being Viola calcarea,
Gregory, V. epipsila, Ledeb., V. lactea, Smith and V. montana,
Linn. The arrangement of the species follows that of Borbis in
the third edition of Koch’s Synopsis in its general lines. Special
attention has been paid to the varieties and forms, of which no
fewer than 46 are recognised, in addition to hybrids and supposed

ybrids,

The value of the work would have been enhanced for those
possessing only a superficial knowledge of the genus by the addition
of a key to the species, but its absence is compensated for to some
extent by the italicising of the more important characters in the
descriptions.

_The book is a noteworthy contribution to the literature of a
difficult genus, and will be indispensable to those attempting to
acquire a critical knowledge of the British forms.

T. A. 8.

* British Violets, a monograph, by M i i i
; ‘ ‘ h, by Mrs. E. 8. Gregory, with an introduction
by G. Claridge Druce. Cambridge. W. Helfer & Sons, Lid. 1912. 8vo.
pp. 23 and 108, pl. 4, numerous full-page and smaller text figs. 68. net.

443

INDEX.

A.
— Angiolina Park, 294.
es concolor, 83.
~ dis, 8
— nobilis, 82.

r expedition, 159.
Acacia Dalzi elii, "Crab, 97.
D on ib,

geonl, Crai
Adenandra Schlecht teri, Ditmmer, 328.
Adetutlirie stricta, Prain, 338.
ser) ess or Whikteoliodendeon:

candens, —_ 364.

Afr

Afzelia cyloneage ‘Cra b, 267.
Agaricus squalidus, Massee, 255.
Agathosma Burehellii, Diimmer, 328.
Agave atrovir 04.

— dimiiplaix 2
— marmorata, 302
P rans, 2
Agriculture in St orig 442

e, Stapf, fam , 378.
‘AThiiitia jophali tha: lombjoxity of seeds,

Alcohol, ates 113, 207.

Algae, , from north of New
aiarsthce 2 ihe eta 256.

permanaann custacys, es 264.

Alloplectus For,

Alsodeiopsis. Chippii, Hutchinson, 224.
mmophila arenaria as a paper-
material, 396.

hemis eae asa paper-

— siamense 4
ee corrugatus, N. £.

Brown, 269.
a Kerri, N. E. Bro n, 43.

Pore rorhizus, Cre ib; 4

phithalea Bodkinii , Ditmmer, 270.
Andrsin ot ati ohnsonii , 307.
eilema dise i, Oratbs 414,

— cnet Cra
uu

kill, I. H.,
Calder, ©. C., 109.
Eady, G. H., 368.

Appointments—cont.
Evans, F., 300
Gill, R., 56.
Lamb, P. H., 360.
Lambourne, J., 155.

— podalyrioides, inners 273.
— rarum, Diimmer, 27

— Sanke J perncasath oo

— W odii, Diimmer,

Arisaema Rania “Craib, 418.
— Kerrii, Craib, 4

sai rt Maling, Gamble, 139,
— racem 138.
Arudiciensay of the hills of Sikkim,
Asparagus zuluensis, N. E. Brown,
Asters, a disease of —_ plate), 44.
Atalaya hemiglauca, 2

B.

Baissea breviloba, Stapf, 278.

Ballochbuie Fores t, 322.

Ballogie, 324

Barbados, 1 167.
osma Peglerae, Diimmer (with

ize. :
Begonia (Casparya) Acetosella, Craib,
_ a Cuninghamei,

a ¥ Suares ery
— (Rasibegouia) parva, Sprague, 329.
Beilschmiedia R obertsoni, nog 300.
Benzoin, Siam, the source o:

beris (Sinenses) Stapfians, Cc

HR
y

Fran ink, 350.
Blepharis Evansii, Turrill, 331.
ois de
Bologna Botanic Garden, 293.
Bombay, forest flora of, 250,

444

Books :—

African Rubber si ns and Fun-
Garis elastica

Botanical Magazi e, 73. 111, 158, 206,
248, 249, ~ 353, 369, 394, 441.

British Violets, 442.

Bncalyptas, 364.

Federated Malay States, guide to,

Flora Capensis, 303.
Forest economic sede of India,
372.

flora of Bombay, 250.
Guide to Royal Botanic Gardens,

w, 351.
Ploms of New York, 112.
4 oe

Magazine, 73, 111, 158, 206,
28, 319, 302, 352, 369, 394, 441.
rachye iton acerifoliu 8, 249,
Brideli ia a Hutchinson, 100.

ritish Violets,’ 442.

Brunfelsia pon iy 158.
— glabrescens, Diimmer,

i, Diimmer, 225.
— ss eegdlona: Diltunse, 226.
from’ S. Africa (with

gs.

Balbophyllam # Nn ap conges-
tum, ~~

Barkill,

Patan fungi, 253.
Bursera australasica, 370.
A 52.

Buxeae, African,

Buxus benguellensis, 53
— Hildebrandtii, 53

— Macowani

— madagascarica, 53.

_ a Hatéhians n, 53.

— pedicellata, Daliisncn, 53.

C.

Cacao in the West Indies, 172, 176.
—, shade and og for
Cadalvena Dalzielii, C. H. . Wright, 195.
Caladium a Sete 345.
Gitamprostis Sac var.
nana, Takeda, 217.
notes on Japanese s 217.
Calteolaria cant, 78 —

Calta palustris, var. sibirica, subvar.
palmata, Takeda, 218. st

Campanula arvatica, 206
Caperonia Buchanani, ge 103.
luma_ corrnga E. Brown,

Caralluma Dalzielii, N. H. Brown, 280.
arex a ial congolensis,
Tur

— Millsii, si) Sh

Cascara Sagra

Cassia Ga: weattins "Graib, 151.

Cayenne sassafras, 25.

Cedar, Port Orfo rd,

amity Notaristi (with fig.), 165.

Cereus Silvestrii, 158.

Ceropegia Thorncroftii, 369.

( cence, British species of (with

plate). 161.
Chamaedorea glaucifolia, 369.
inese conifers, drawings of, 203.

— drawings presented to Museum, 203.
Chironia laxa, 352.
Chlor phy oan intermedium, Craib, -
ye
mplex, Cra

ib, 412.
Gidcwihynichs ’ Lipscombiae, Rolfe,

33.
Christy, C., ‘ Funtumia Rubber,’ 159.
Cirrhopetalum Micholitzii, Rolfe, 132.
Citrus, introduction by means of bud-
Cleistanthus gabonensis, Hutchinson,
Clitocybe pumila, Massee, 254.
Cocoanuts in the West t Indies, 182.
— amphithaleoides, Diimmer,
270.

euchaetioides, Diimmer
Colleto race necator, Mass 190.
Columnea (Hucolu mnea) Fendlcei,
Sprague, 41
— glabra,
—(Eucolumnea) Tuerckheimii,
Sprague
Conifers,

é, 42.
‘Americ can, suitable for ex-
__ perimental forestr ry, 75.

Chinese, me of, 203.

Godks, M. om

Copper ehiphate fae pond-weed, 156.
oo
pened ersa, 394.
Corokin seer measter, 158.
Congntathe Tau Bola, Hutchinson,

Goce: 297.

— in the West Indies, 167, 180.

Cotyledon procurva, JV. ee Brown, 276.
— subrigida, 302.

per Barklyi, 111.

rathes, 325.
Cricket bat willo
Crotalaria (Galycicne) Mesboldi Dunn,
Crotonogyne parvifolia, Prain, 102.
191.

strigosa, Prain,
Cupressus cashmeriana, 289.

445

Cupressus Lawsoniana, 78.
Curcuma (Exantha) " Woulikelas Craib,

401.

i pecom tora cordifolius, Duthie, 37.
immersa, Craib, 434,

— Micholitzii (vit plate), 301,

Cypress, ar is

—, Lawso

Cyp pe, a disease of (with plate),

D.

Dalbergia San ey tie ted
Dalechampia Kirkii,
Dalmatian coast, ga xeden pied "305.
Daniellia caudata, Craib, 94.

ib, 95.

ootepense, Craib, 144.
Davidia rans i 2s var. Vilmoriniana,

248...
Decades Kewenses, 35, a 339, 380.
wae vee Sr Cra b, 35.
mensis,

Dessida, visit of Royal Scottish Abori-

cultural Society, 320.
Delphinium Purdorail Craib, 380.
Dendrot ium ei Imthurnii,

Rolfe, 1381, 206, 35

Noter r, RB, Riou s, 354,

Desmodium el rae ’Craib, 150.
Diagnoses africanae, 90, 191, 224, 270,

328, 359.
Dicypellium caryophyllatum, 242.
Diplodia Arecae, Massee (with figs.),

Asters (with pla ate), she
Co Hetotrichia i :
Cypripedium (with pl ate), 48.

Hevea brasiliensis, back disease of,

Milowia nivea (with plate), 45.
Ophiobolus graminis (with figs.),
435.

Pepper, 190.

Pheangella Heveae, 190.

Sweet Peas gs th plate), 44

“Pake-all’ of wheat and oats (with

figs.), 435.
Thie lavia basicola (with plate), 44.
Torula basinotk (with plate), 44.
‘ White-heads’ of whisk and oats
(with figs.
Disepalum grandiflorum. R idl., 384.
Disporopsis longifolia, Craib, 410.
bb Harry,
ombeya calantha, 158.

Dominica, 171.
— aio in, 173.
—'Mus Paap

Don
Dothideila "Pesbeaerpl, Massee (with

figs.), 357.
Drake-Brockmania, Stapf, gen. nov.,
V7.

Bi a sedis

Drimia oligosperma, C. 77 Wright, 363,

Drypetes aframensiy Hutchinson, 333.

nson,

a similis, Hutches. 333.

— verrucosa, Hnichinson, 234.

Dunn, 8. T., Adi nobileyn or Whit-
fordiodendron, 363.

: tribution to flora of
Hainan, 366.

Durris, 325.

E.

Eady, G. H., 368.
Hchinocactus ornatus (with fig.), 301.

Elaeocarpus Robertsoni, Gamble, 199.
Ele achat haat 08.
Elliottia r

Elsholtzia Bichion, 369.

Ente ere nk in the West Indies, 183.
Enys, e 3.

Equisetum | arvense, horse poisoning by,

1
Erica ciliaris, we

Eriopsis Helenae, 394.

Eritrichiu se ee Sh Duthie, 39.
Eu sents 3

Euchaetis Bolusii, Diimmer, 90.

— Burchellii, Dinsiee, ti
— ericoides, een ir,
radiata,
— Limes N. zB Brown, 276.
iamensis, Craib, 1
Buonyms similis, Gra 147.
ootepensis,
Seca Caput- cthedlines (with plate),

— meloformis (with fig.), 301.

— multiceps (with plate), 246.
Eutypa gigaspora, Massee, 190.
Evans, F., 300.

Excipula nigro-cincta, Massee, 191.

F.

Farquharia, Stap/, (srg nov., 278.
— elliptica, Stapf, 27
Federated Malay suk, guide to, 308.
Finzean, 324.
Flora Capen, 303.
—, res of Bom mbay, 250.
of Hainan, contribution to, 366.

446

“any of Siam, contributions to, 144,
4, 397.
Florence, ah Gardens, 291.
, gard s, 290.
‘Forest ponies products of India,’

— flora of Bomba , 250.
Forestry, experimental, trees suitable

— in South Afri
Fungi exotici, 189, 258, (with plate)
357.

— from N, Nigeria, 141.
Funtumia Rubber, 159.
Furcraea elegans, 369.

G.

Galera delicatula, Pierre 189.
Gamble, J. 8., undinarias of the

] ag” i
Garden Poke parks of S. Europe, 284.
Gatniadiis Wood, 323.

Gentiana minuta, 'N. E. Brown, 341,
Gill, B., 56.

Glaucidium, notes on Japanese species,

Globba Kerrii, Craib, 398.
na, Craib, "398.
— = purpurascens, Craib, 399,
reflexa, Craib, 399.
— xantho. el Crait, 399,
— Yeatsiana, Cra
Gloeosporium Tristaxiine, Massee, 190.
Gongora Tracyana, Rolfe, 133.
Goniothalamus parallelovenius, Ridi.,

eS
om

Graphtophyllum glandulosum, Turrill,

ome elephant, 309.
Gregory, Mrs., ° British Violets,’ 442.
Grenada, 169.

Ground bean, new (with plate), 209.
Guilfoyle, W. R., 350.

H.

Habe Ceratopetal i
Rolfe Ay petala) Dawei,
ainan, Pie of, contribution to, 366.

Haliseris Ke rmadecens ecensis, Cotton, 263.

Halopegia brachystachys, Cra ib, 405.
Hamilco if ie 10

a, Prain, gen. n
— Zenkeri, Prain 10 :
Harpullia pendula, 241.

Hedrich, W. P.,
York; 112,
Hedychium coronariu
making material (with plates), 3 373.
Hedyotis cryptantha, Dunn,
— paridifolia, Dunn, 366.
Helicia Kingiana, Prain, 342.
— rufescens, Prain 342.
— velutina, n, 343.
Heltotares * Oagoupaiiiaha, Craib, 146.
Helminthosporium obovatum, Massee

‘Plums of New

ern, 81.
Henslowia monticola, Gamble, 201.
— Ridleyi, Gamble, 2 201
— Wrayi, King é
Herschel, Sir W., longevity of seeds,

Heteropogon triticeus, Stapf, 432.
Hevea Foxii, 74.
Hibiscus clin,

ts

W. W. Sm h, 198.
Hollow ane vith went 338.
Hooker, Sir Joseph Dalton (with
plate), 1, 439.
—,—-—-—, portrait presented to

Kew , 202.
Howes: poisoning by Equisetum arvense,
157.

Hydrangea Sargentiana, 352.

Hyeres Acclimat mene Garden mn, 285.

Hymenopyramis siam Bare, 154.
ypocalymma, AGbuetimn,

Hypospila Eucalypti, Wakefield, 190.

I.

Incarvillea Wilsonii, Sprague,
— ‘: pti ee Aan guide
c products, 372.
Indigofera veiflora, Crib 148,
— setosa, NV. E. Brown, 274.

ie iad

Inver mand Woods, 323,

Tris ssotale ana, 394.

— chrysographes, 248,

Isaria Pattersonii, Massee (with figs.),

Isoberlinia, Craib et Stapf, gen. nov.
— Dalzielii, oe et Stapf, 93.

ean Craib et Sta nf, 94.
Vile Bs Bella, 988.
— Madre. 2
Txora lutea, 249.
A ist

Jodrell Laboratory, research in, 67
Justicia chlorantha, Craib,
— decumbens, Craib, 269.

447

K.
ees Ellacombei, NV. FE. Brown,
B29.

Kermadecs, marine algae from, 256.
Kerstingiella geocarpa (with plate),
mi

ixdens, additions to, 58.
Guide to the Royal Botanic Gardens,
351

Riau accession of Tropical
African plants, 316.
_—, additions to, 68.
Jodrell La gio research in, 67,
Kew Palace linden
Libis catalogue, svarjbleiell to,
Appen
—, presontations to, 70.
Museums, 62.
ss pwreniner teat to, 62, 203, 247, 371.
Official visits of st aff, 61.
Pathology,
Plate presented by Rubber Growers’

LO
Le

rfowl, 61.
ild Fauna and wha additions to
(with plate), 161.
ag ea Staph, 92.
apf, 9

lainenntins “Dia erre ex be 105.

— gaboniae , Pierre ex ex Pra n, 106.
Pn Flora, some adaianay to, 108.

L.

Lagunaria Patersoni, 244.
Lamb, P. H., 300.

Lambourne, J. 7 ioe

La Moritola,

Landolphia a asminochyla) ‘Rogersii,

— acicularis, Turr ill, 361.
— Rogersii, Tur Site Tig

Tisbadte ai sites Mas e, 189.
— flavoy hylla, Masser, 253.
ao

— punicea, rin 253.

— sericea, Massee, 254.

Le epiospermun ‘scoparium, var.
Nich

L sapien ‘beteilifolis, Gamble, 199.
Leucadendron coriaceum, Phillips et
Hutchinson, 2

— Galpinii, Phillips et Hutchinson,
231.

27089

Leucadendron minus, Phillips et
Hutchinson,

— glabrescens, Phillips et
Pidshdiaan © 232.

age ae Phillips et Hutchinson,
— Phillipsii, Hutchinson, 231.

— a latum, Phillips et
Hutchine nm, 281.

— radiatum, Phillips et Hutchinson

— Sehlochtor, Phillips et Hutchinson,

Leucothoe fae Maximowicziana,

es in Domin: nica, 1
Liriodendron n Tuliifers, 244,
Lisso st us Foy ae ri tte

Longevi
totanthie (Trocalobi) 4 igneus, Sprague,

— (Cupulati) pachycladus, Sprague,
Lycium pallidum, 249.

M.

Maba Dawei, rag on, 330.
Macaranga gabunica, Prain, 104,

— Klaineana, Pier ex Prain, 104.

— Pierreana, Pra
raph Se sctifola Hemsl., 359.

antha, Hemsl., 360.
Macsobotrya oe onga ” Hutchinson: 234.
Magnolia
Mahonia Per erie 339.
Makruss, oe
Mareya acuminata, Prain, 103.
Mariscus Clarkei, Turrill "422.
a paper-making

w, G., 155.
Msiodecwen fagifolium, Ridi., 386.
— longipetalum, Ridl., 387.
— ovalifolium, idl. 387.
— paniculatum, Ridl., 386.
— rigidum, i idl., 386
Melolobium ose
— glandulife

his
a bre Wakefield, 141.
Monnettia ssatsdilioen, Ridl., 389.
Mezzettiopsis, Ridl., gen. nov., 389.
— Creaghii, Ridl., 389.
Micrandra mino r, 74.

448

pagers sometign Prain, 282.

Pra
Mieroals postulat, Duthie, 39.
— You andii, Duthie, 40.
0 Public, 286.
pt

Milowia nivea (with phate), Ad.

Mimetes integr os Hutchinson, 282.

Misce 8, 56, Att 155, 202,
2, 43

Tse,

Muehlenbeckia complexa, 352.

Murtonia, cet gen. nov., 266,

— Kerrii, Cra

Mycology in the West Indies, 183.

by, algae spinosum (with fig.),
65

Ne.
Nannorhops Ritchieana (with plate),

Naples, La Floridiana, 292.
, Villa Nationale, 292.
Nautilocalys » 85.
s, 88.

— orchids,

— land, saviie algae from, 256.
Nigerian fungi, 141.

North, W. V., 392.

Notobuxus acuminata, Hutchinson, 55.
— natalensis, 55.

0.

Oats, MMe dsrragee or ‘ Take-all’

Dod

Don, 5G.

Enys, J. D., 393.
Guilfoyle, W. R., 350.
Hooker, Be D. 1,489.

Olearia chathamica, 111.
ogonus cose Need.
totes 279. oo

Mina

Onosma longiflorum, tay 40.

— Waddellii, Duthie

— Waltoni, ‘Duthie, hi.
Ophiobolus graminis — figs. )» 435.
pas re tee Bs

cilipes, Craib,

Opuntia} in the Canary Tslands, 395.
Orchids, n
Osm ner Ha Belavayi 369.
Owenia ven 243.
Oxymitra linderifolia, Ridl., 385.

BP:

Padua Botanic Garden, 293.
Pallanza, Rovelli Brothers’ autsery,
87.

Pandanns (Acrostigma) distans, Craib,

Hae similis, Craib, 4
Paper, new sources of (with plates),
373,
Papua, Sisal i in, 354.
Paracaryum trin ervium, Pe, 39.
Parndaniellin, vig gen. nov., 96.
Oliv ri, Ro Ufe, 9

ara mabey Stiegl: Gamble, 198.

Pusnecane one eg?

sii oe garden of

Pea R. ‘ Forest Economic
Products of India Note,

= natn 344,

— Schot

werk nl berrimum, 241.
Physurus valida Rolfe, 134.
Picea a ~ 84.

— sitchensis, 83.
Pine, iostlienn serub, 85.
Pinus Banksiana, 85.
— flexilis, 441.
tymitr itr: sap neon “gee ge
Pleurothallis repens, Rolfe, 1
— urotus Colae, Massee ‘with figs.),
Plukenetia FE Sesge ore Sen pro-
n, 240.
Plan sins ot Now So rk, 112.
Polyalthia coriacea, Ridl., 383.
— erianthia, Ridl., 384.
Polygonum’ (Cephalophilon) palmat-

Polyporus Hollandii, 1 2.
olystachya repens. Ro ife, 132.
Pond-weed and deieper sulphate, 156.
Primula J — , 441,

| — Wattii

449

Protium ae oe ot ague, 370.
Pseuderanthemum lilacin , 302.
Pterospermum Batra Cravb, 147,
Pycnocoma Thollonii, Prain, 193.
Pycnostachys Dawei, 352.

R.

Redwood, 75.
eect Purshiana, propagation of,

Ridley, H. N., ‘ Spices,’ 353.
Robb, Mrs. , bequest of Chinese draw-

ngs, 2
Rosa omeiensis, 441,
Roses, Banksian, in S. Europe, 289.
Rosewood, 243.

43.
ttish Arboricultaral Society,
ees.

Rubus conduplicatus, Duthie, 36,
-— Wilsonii, rete 36.
ee sa Funtum a, 159.
rs’ AnsstatiGn, presentation

of pata to Kew,

— in the West Indies, 181.
Rubber-yielding plants from Peru, 74.
Rupicola sprengelioides, 249.

S.
St. ae sugar factory, 208.
St. Lue
sitialtcli in, 442.
St. ‘Vincent, 170.
agricultural department, 356.
coerulea, 25.

Salix , var.

Sapindus ? siamensis, Ra hey

Sapium cladogyne, Hutchinson, 223.
Saxifraga lingulata, 248.
Schomburgkia Lueddemani, 206.
Sciaphila australasica, Hi al.,
Scleropyrum Ridleyi, Gamble, 202.
Scolopia parviflora,

japonica, var.
eal

Sedum Woodwardii, N. E. Brown, 390.

Seeds available ‘for distribution,
= n
Seq sempervire 8s, 75.
Seyshelara Dada ieioscianats Cy -as
right, 196.

iam sl the source of, 391.
— Flora of, contributions to, 144, 264,

Sideroxylon cyrtobotryum, 74.
Sikkim, Arundinarias of, 135.
Sim son 8 0.

Smilax Hemsleyana, ( Se 409.
Smith, Miss E. M., marine algae fro
New Fala and the Kermadecs, O56.
~ W., 109.

South Africa, aoe a ae 250.
Spalato, garden n

papticee Dalziel wae nm, 21.
me ( ree bina cealie

3.
—, Western ‘Hemlock, 81.
ae ’ white,
Staffs of departments,

Craib,

botanical

Appendix IV.

Stahlianthus macrochlamys,
401.

Stanhopea peruviana, 111.

Stemona aphylla, Craib, 408.

— vk

Strasburger, Eduard, 2
igs cee Kerrii, Ora 267.
—_ a ea) rubro - glandulosus,

5 ok

Sirophntia aurivella, Massee, 255.
rychnos similis, A. W. Hill, 38.

Stvlochiton Hogebad 1 Noe. Br own, 283.

Styrax a done C raib, 267, 391.

— Wils
Sugar tsitany, St. Kitt ga
— in the West Tndies, 168, 1

| Sweet Peas, a disease of Cit ‘plate),
44,

Symplocos luzoniensis, 157.
— Vidalii, Rolfe, 158.

Syringa '(Vulgares) Julianas, C.
Schneider, 37, 158.

Z 'y

Tacca hte Craib, 406.

‘Take-all’ of wheat and oats (with
figs.) 435.
aked notes on some new and
critical plate from Eastern Asia,

214,

—, the genus perchoropas 365.
‘Volavstis Beccarii,
Talbot, W. A. ete flora of Bombay,

Tamarack, Weste rn, 80.

Tephrosia (Brissonia Kerrii, Drum-
mond et Craib, 1
— (—) re pentina, Dr ummond et Craib,

Terminalia 0 ae, O aib, 152.

— tripteroides, Craib, 152,
Testudinaria ele Diimmer, 195.
Tetracera Havilandii, Ridl., 381.

— scabricaulis, Ridl., 381.

450

Thespesia popul
Thielavia fasnotn'¢ Cuith plate), 44,

Thorncroftia, NV. E. Brown, gen. nov.,

— longiflora, N. E. Brown, 281.

Thunbergia abyssinica, Turvill l, 361

_ lancifolia, var. rhodesiaca, Turvill,
362.

— neces Turvill, 362.
Timbe
Bois ane rose, 243.
Cayenne Sassafras, 243.
Cedar, Port Orford, 78.
Cypress, deciduous, "16.
—, Lawson, 78
i

ood, 78.

Pine, northern serub, 85.
“ester 75.
Rose ood, 2 243.
Barane Sitka, 83.
=, Tideland, 83.
_, Baten Hemlock, 81.
Tam arack, babes ra 80.

Tulip w 1.
Torula badioaks (with plate), 44
Trachycarpus Takil (with plate), 291.
Tragia (Tagira) affinis, Muell.

MS., 334.

— (—) akwapimensis, Prain, 235.
— (—) ano ihaia, Prain, 94

_ (Tagira) i inci: isifolia, Pri, 237.
— (—) insuavis, Prain, 237.
— (—) physocarpa, Prain, 238.

37.
Trees suitable for experimental

. restry,
ore giganteum, Massee, 254.

, 187,
rip notes on Japanese
Roget 8, 221,
oo elii, Sprague . Peles ppc 223.
— Wilfordi 1, var. eXesum, ’ Spragu
i et Takeda, 222.
ropical African plant accession of,
1907-1912, 316. i ee:

U.

Uapaca Gossweileri, Hutchinson, 101.
— pilosa a, Hutchinson, |

Utricularia odontosepala, Stapf, 331.
Uvaria cauliflora, 382.
— lanuginosa, Ridl.,

Vv...

Vernonia eter ha Hutchinson, 330.
Villa Thure
on tees Subisranes, discovery in
wild s east 13.
Volvaria castanea, Massee, 254.
SS alcatel, Massee, 254.

W.
West Indian agricultural conference,
57, 175.

— Indies, a visit to, 166.
‘White-heads’ of wheat and oats
(with ier, ), 435.
Whitfordiodendron or Adinoboirys,
363.

— scandens, 364.

Wilsstruainia Rislleyi, nog 200.
ild Fauna and Flor: of see 8 addi-
tious to (with plate), 16 1.

Willow, cricket- bat, 205.

a.
Xanthosoma cordifolium, NV. EL. Brown,
345

Sage aan 345.
— pilosu
Silonte dungiata, Ridl., 387.
— coriifolia, Ridl., 388.
— chee ee Ridl., 388.
— lanceola, Ridl. , 389.
— pulche ila , Ridl., 388.
Xylosma brachystachys, Craib, 145.

Z.
Zimbiti, 307.
Zingiber _(Ceyptanthiam) Bradley-
anum, Craib,

— (Lamp som Kerrii, Craib, 403.
(Czyptanthivm) Smilesianum,
Zech

okkea Foxii, Stapf, 38, 74.

pantie

ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW.

BULLETIN

OF

MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION,

APPENDIX I.—1912.

LIST OF SEEDS OF HARDY HERBACEOUS PLANTS
AND OF TREES AND SHRUBS.

The following is a select list of seeds of Hardy Herbaceous

available only for ot with Botanic Gardens, as well as
with regular correspondents of Kew. No applicati

from ae colonial pomadiaidns, can be entertained after the
end of February.

HERBACEOUS PLANTS.

Acaena adscendens. Aconitum—cont.
glauca. uncinatum.
macrostemon. volubile.
microphylla. ; | vulparia.
Novae-Zealandiae.

: sericea. -| Actaea spicata. |
: ar, rubra.

Acanthus longifolius.
Perringii. ; Adenophora stylosa,

oe srt Adlumia cirrhosa. —
ia.
grandiflora. Adonis aestivalis.
macrophylla autumnalis
pe Aethionema cappadocicum.
Aconitum Kusnezoffi. iberideum.
moldavicum pulchellum.
saxatile.

orientale,
(21775—6a,) Wt, 118—9, 1125, IL/11. D&S. A

Agrimonia odorata.
repens.

Agropyron pungens.
villosum.

Agrostis et
el
Sapaicne.

Aira caryophyllea.

Allium azureum.

karataviense.
margaritaceum.
narcissiflorum.
neapolitanum.
odorum.
Ostrowskianum.
radoxum.
pulchellum.

roseum,
Schuberti.
Tubergeni.

Alstroemeria aurantiaca.

haemantha

Althaea armeniaca.

cannabina.
ficifolia.
kurdica.

Alyssum oo
incanu
Sdahtenn
spin
Amarantus caudatus.
Dusaii

hypochondriacns.
polygamus,
retroflexnus,
speciosus,
Amellus annuus,
Amethystea caerulea.
Ammi Visnaga,
Ammobium alatum.
Amphicome arguta,

saxatile var. citrinum.,
osum,

| Anacyclus officinarum.

. Anchusa Barrelieri.

italica.

| Andryala integrifolia.

Anemone > ge
balden
decapetala.

multifida.
Pulsatilla,
rivularis.

sylvestris.

Angelica dahurica.

| Anthericum Liliago.

_ Antirrhinum Asarina.
hispanicum.

Orontium.

Apera interrupta.
Spica- Venti.

Aplopappus croceus.

Aquilegia alpina.
Bertolonii.
canadensis.
chrysantha,
Einseliana.
flabellata.
glandulosa,

— var. bicolor.

olympica

Arabis alpina.

Aralia cachemirica.
racemosa.

Arctium nemorosum.

Arctotis stoechadifolia,

Arenaria aretioides.
cephalotes.
graminifolia.
grandiflora.
Ledebouriana.
pinifolia.
sojanensis,

Argemone grandiflora,
hispida,

Armeria chilensis,
majellensis.
plantaginea.

Arnica amplexicaulis.
Cha ant ssonis.

folio
fangifolia.

montana.
sachalinensis,

Artemisia coerulescens.
pan

parviflora.
scoparia.

Asperula azurea.
ciliata.
galioides, ’

Asphodeline Iutea.

Asphodelus albus.

Aster alpinus.

aldensis.
Sm gy
folia

erv
macrophglis

eubeaeralens,
Thomso

Astilbe stdactet

simplicifolia.
hunbergii.

Astragalus alopecuroides.
alpinus.

boeticus. .
chinensis.
chlorostachys,
danicus.
Echinus.
igidus
Giveipty lick

pentagloitis.
xiphocarpus.

Astrantia Biebersteinii.

helleborifolia.
21775

Astrocarpus Clusii.
Athamanta Matthioli.
Atriplex littoralis.
rosea.
sibirica,
Atropa Belladonna.

pera Pinardi.
tauricola var. alba.

| Baeria coronaria.

Baptisia australis.

leucantha.
fet arcuata.

media.
snide
stricta.

Basella rubra.
Beckmannia erucaeformis.
Bellium bellidioides.
Berkheya Adlami.

Beta Bourgaei.
trigyna.

Bidens leucantha.
Biscutella auriculata.
ciliata,
Patines
Blumenbachia insignis.
muralis.
Boeconia cordata.
icrocarpa,
Bongardia Rauwolfii.

Brachycome iberidifolia,

Brachypodium caespitosum.
| japonicum,

pinnatum.
sylvaticum.,

| Brassica alba.

campestris.
Cheiranthos,
Erucastrum,

Brassica—con t.
rugosa.
Tourneforti.

Brevoortia Ida-Maia.

Briza geniculata.

maxima.
minor.

Brodiaea congesta.
grandiflora,
lactea.

laxa.
ee

Bromus “Re
breviarista

ri.
Richardsoni.

- secalinus.
squarrosus.
Tacna.

rinii,
unioloides.
Bulbine annua.
Bulbinella Hookeri.

Bunias orientalis.

Buphthalmum salicifolium.

Bupleurum longifolium.
stellatum.
Calamagrostis eonfinis.
—_— pilosiuscula,
iosa
imnbellas
Calceolaria hyssopifolia, |
mexicana.

polyrrhiza,

| Callirhoé pedata.

_ Callistephus hortensis.

- Calochortus albus.

pulchellus,

| Caltha elata.

Calystegia sepium var, dahurica.

Camassia Cusickii.
esculenta.

Fraseri.
Leichtlinii.
montana.
Camelina sativa.
Campanula alliariaefolia,
Allionii.
oot siermem
bonon
Biers. . Zs
lanata.
latifolia.
longistyla.
macrostyla. _
michauxioides.
phyctidocalyx.
primulaefolia.
netata,

thyrsoides.
velutina.
Waldsteiniana. .

Capsella grandiflora.
Heegeri.

Carbenia benedicta.
Carduus cernuus.
Kerneri. *

| tenuiflorus.

| Grex arctata.

*

| tomentosa,

| Carthamus flavescens;

lanatus. ;

| leucocaulos,
| tinctorius,

Carum copticum.
Catananche odetalean
Cedronella triphylla.
Celmisia holosericea.
petiolata.
Celsia orientalis.
Cenia turbinata

Centaurea amara.
b onica,
a.

Centranthus macrosiphon.
Sibthorpii.

Cephalaria alpina. -
tatarica. .
Cerastium Biebersteinii.

perfoliatum.
tomentosum.

Chaerophyllum aromaticum.
nodos

Charieis heterophylla. i
Chelone ores
obliqua

ee Bonue-Henrioue.
foetidum

Chloris barbata.
elegans.
Chlorogalum pomeridianum.

Chorispora tenella, _

Chrysanthemum carinatum.
ci nerariaefolium

sum.

| Chrysopogon: Gryllus. :
nutans. -- -

Cicer arietinum.

Cimicifuga americana.

Cladanthus proliferus,
Cladium Mariscus.
Clarkia elegans.
pulchella.
virgata,
Clematis Douglasii.
Clypeola Jouthlaspi..
Cnicus arachnoideus.
syriacus.
Cochlearia danica.
officinalis.
saxatilis.

Codonopsis lanceolata.
) '

Coix Lachryma-Jobi.

Collinsia bartsiaefolia.
bicolor. —
verna.

Collomia coccinéa. ~
gilioides
grandiflora.

Conringia orientalis:

Convolvulus farinosus.
libanoticus.
tricolor.
undulatus.

Coreopsis auriculata.

ndi.
tinctoria. ,

Coriandrum sativum,

Corispermum nitidum.

Coronilla gic

ele

egan
aeritalen,

Corydalis capnoides.
cheilanthifolia.
thalictrifolia.

Crambe orientalis.

Crepis plattarioides.
grandiflora.

ru
sibirica.

Crithmum maritimum.

Crocus alatavicus.
asturicus.

Crucianella aegyptiaca.
Cynodon Dactylon.
of deere cheirifolium.
monian
Wallichii,
Cynosurus echinatus.

Dactylis altaica.
Aschersoniana.

Dahlia coronata,
gracilis.
Merckii.
variabilis,

Datura inermis,
Tatula.

Delphinium Brunonianum.
cardinale.

cashmirianum,
ucasicum,

grandi
hybridum,
kianum.

Delphinium—coni.
syne ;
tree
speci
— var. Staion
sulphureum
trolliifolium.

Demazeria loliacea.
Deschampsia caespitosa.

Desmodium canadense.
canescens

Deyeuxia Langsdoriii.
Dianthus arboreus.
arenarius.

caesius.

capitatus.

carthusianorum.
ae
| delio
| oe,
| giganteus,
hirtus.
leptopetalus.
neglectus. ~

traeus.

sylvestris.
ener.
Waldsteinii.

Dictamnus albus,

| Digitalis ambigua.

Dimorphotheca aurantiaca.
hybri
pluvialis,
Dipcadi serotinum,
Diplachne fusca.

ee asper.

plumosus,

Disporum lanuginosum.
Dodecatheon Meadia.

Dorycnium herbaceum.
rectum.

Downingia elegans.

Draba alpina.
altaica. .
Athoa.

cuspidata.
fladnizensis.
grandiflora.
incana.

wii.
nivalis.
rigida.

Dracocephalum austriacum.
heterophyllum,

eciosa.
Dulichium spathaceum.
Keballium Elaterium.
Eccremocarpus scaber,
Kchinacea purpurea.
Kchinaria capitata.
Kchinocystis lobata.

Echinodorus ranunculoides.

Echinops Ritro.
Echium plantagineum.
Eleusine indica.
Elsholizia cristata.
Elymus virginicus.
Emilia flammea.
Encelia calva.

Kpilobium Dodonaei.
latifolium

Epipactis palustris.

7

|

_ Eragrostis abyssinica.

Erigeron alpinus.
Coulteri.

canus.
philadelphicus.
Erinus alpinus.

Erodium amanum
cheilanthifolium,

moschatum.
Eruca sativa.
Eryngium agavefolium.
alpinum,
Bourgati.
B43
vesiculosum.
Zabelii.
Erysimum Perofskianum.
rupestre,

Erythraea ramosissima.

Erythronium revolutum.

Eschscholzia caespitosa.
californi ca.
Douglasii

Eucharidium concinnum.

Eupatorium ageratoides.
purpureum,

Kuphorbia Characias.

heterophylla.
portlandica,

| : .
| Fedia Cornucopiae.

| Felicia tenella.

Ferula syriaca.
tingitana.

Festuca gigantea.
Poa.
rigida.
uniglumis,
vaginata.
Fragaria “ygeronas
indic
Francoa appendiculata,
Frasera speciosa.
Galactites tomentosa.
Galega orientalis.
patula. —
Galeopsis Ladanum.
Tetrahit. .
Galium thymifolium.

Castridinm a

Gazania pyemaea..

Gentiana asclepiadea, 2
Warcotesiess

Walujewi.

Geranium albiflorum.
dressi. :

rivulare.
sessiliflorum,

Gerbera Anandria.
nivea.

Geum mines
elatu

Heldreicht,

aves x -tivades

' Gilia achilleaefolia.

squarroga.
tricolor.

Gillenia stipulacea.

Glaucium corniculatum.
flavum

Globularia vulgaris.
Glyceria distans.
Grammanthes gentianoides.
Gratiola officinalis.
Grindelia integrifolia.
Gypsophila acutifolia.
elegans,
fastigiata.
muralis.
paniculata.
prostrata.
viscosa.

Hastingsia alba.
Hebenstretia tenuifolia.
Suet mae
esculen
ave senaes
Semenovii.
Helenium Bigelovii.
Bolanderi

Helianthemum salicifolium.
Tuberaria.

Helianthus cucumerifolius.
Helichrysum bracteatum.
Helipterum corymbosum. _

- Hemizonia pungens.

Heracleum gummiferum.
Lehmannianum.

m
Wallichii.
Hesperis matronalis.
Heuchera Drummondi.
foliosa, ‘
Wheeleri.
Hibiscus Trionum.
Hieracium alpinum. ©
amplexicaule.
Bornmiilleri.
pannosum.
villosum. ~
Hilaria rigida.
Hordeum bulbosum,
jubatum. --—-.
maritimum.

Horminum pyrenaicum.

Hunnemannia fumariaefolia.

Hymenophysa pubescens.
Hyoscyamus albus.
Hyoseris niger.

scabra.
Hypecoum procumbens.

acer tye oe
chine

crenulatum.
ragile
hirsutum,
olympicum.
Hypochaeris glabra,
maculata.
Iberis Amara.
Lagascana
Tenoreana.
umbellata.
impatiens Noli-tangerre..
Incarvillea on
grandiflor

— var. breeipaks

-~ ——

Inula barbata.

squarrosa.

| Iris filifolia.
juncea.

Hookeri.
tectorum.
tingitana.

Isatis Boissierina.
glauca.

Jasione humilis.
perenne.

_ Juncus alpinus.

amissonis.
squarrosus.

Jurinea ambigua.
Kitaibelia vitifolia.
Kochia scoparia.
Koeleria albescens.
alpicola,
phleoides.
splendens.
Lactuca Bourgaei.
hastata.
Lagascea mollis.
Lagurus ovatus.
ag nesaag canescens.
ibe
Royleana,
Lamarckia aurea.
Laserpitium Siler.
Lathyrus angulatus.

articulatus.

inaritimus.

Lathyrus—cont.
montanus.

Ochrus.
rotundifolius.

variegatus.
venosus.

Lavatera cachemiriana.
trimestris.

alba.

Layia elegans.
glandulosa.

Leonurus Cardiaca.
sibiricus.
tataricus.

Lepidium Smithii,

Leptosyne Douglasii.
maritima.

Leuzea conifera.

Ligusticum alatum.
discolor

scoticum.

Lilium Bloomerianum.

columbianum
Parryi
parvum.
pyrenaicum.
sutchuenense.
Limnanthes alba.
Douglasii.
Linaria anticaria.
sparinoides
sr

marocca
multipuneiata.

viscida.
Linum angustifolium,
0s

ne :
usitatissimum.

10

|
|

Lippia nodiflora.

_ Lobelia Seed
y philiti

Lonas inodora.
Lotus Sceippooalslen.
qui
crtaiclobus.

Lunaria biennis.
rediviva.

Lupinus arboreus.
Barkeri.
econcinnus.
Douglasii.

pilosus,
pubescens.

Luzula albida.
multiflorus.
nivea.

Lychnis alpina.
chalcedonica.
coronaria.
fulgens.
Haageana.
Preslii.

Lycurus phleoides.

Lysimachia be
clethroides
decurrens.
dubia.
punctata.

Madia dissitiflora.
elegans.
sativa.

Malcolmia africana.
bicolor,
chi

flexuosa.

Malope trifida.

Malva Duriaei.
‘oxyloba.

parviflora.

Malvastrum limense.

Matthiola sinuata var. glabra
albiflora.

spageun vnerk aomeains
cambri

heteropha
racemosa.

Medicago Echinus
Helix.
hispida.
littoralis.
Murex.
orbicularis.
scutellata.
turbinata.

Melanthium virginicum.
Melica altissima.
ciliata.
Mimulus cardinalis.
Lewisii.
Mirabilis divaricata.
pa.
Wrightiana.

Molinia coerulea.

Molopospermum cicutarium.

Monarda didyma.
fistulosa.
Monolepis trifida.
Moscharia pinnatifida.
Muhlenbergia mexicana.
Muscari armeniacum.
atlanticum.
compactum.
paradoxum.
parviflorum.
Myagrum perfoliatum.
Myosurus minimus.

Myriactis Gmelini.

ll

Nardus stricta.
Nemesia strumosa.
versicolor.
Nepeta caesarea.
coerulescens.
discolor
macrantha.
nuda.
Sibthorpii.
Nicandra physaloideg.

Nicotiana affinis.

Nigella aa
damascen.
idepenica.
Ochthodium aegyptiacum.
Oenanthe silaifolia.

Oenothera mexicana.
pumila,

riloba.
Omphalodes linifolia,
Ononis alopecuroides.
stain ~Dabeed oe
brac

Ornithogalum arcuatum.
narbonense.

Oryzopsis miliacea.
Ourisia macrophylla,
Oxyria digyna,
Oxytropis lapponica.

ochroleuca,
sulphurea,

Paeonia Bakeri.
ra var. alba
— var. Pallasii.
microcarpa.
aradoxa.
tenuifolia.
Wittmaniana.
Palaua dissecta,

Panicum capillare.
proliferum.

Papaver alpinum.

somniferum. .
Parnassia asarifolia., -

palustris.
Parrya Menziesii.
Paspalum elegans.
Peltaria alliacea.
Pennisetum macrourum.

Ruppelii.
Pentstemon barbatus.

nulatus,

confertus.

iffusus.
gentianoides.

virgatus.

Phacelia congesta...
malvaefoli

tanacetifolia.
viscida. eer Sis

* 1

12

|

Phalaris brachystachys.
bulboga.
minor.
paradoxa.

Phleum arenarium.
asperum.
Boehmeri.

Phlomis cashmiriana.
tuberosa.

umbrosa,
iscosa.

- Phlox glaberrima.

Phuopsis stylosa.
Physalis Alkekengi.
unyardi.

Francheti.
ixiocarpa.
Physochlaina orientalis.
Physostegia virginiana.
Phyteuma canescens.
Michelii.
orbiculare.
Scheuchzeri.
serratum.
spicatum.
Phytolacca acinosa.
bogotensis.
icosandra. —
Picradenia Earlei.
Plagius Allionii.
Plantago Candollei.
Coronopus.
gopus.
maritima.
xima.
ovata.
Psyllium.
tibetica.
Platycodon glaucum.

naifiorum,
— var. Mariesii.

Plectranthus glaucocalyx. -

Plumbago micrantha,
Poa abyssinica.
violacea.
Podolepis gracilis.
Podophyllum Emodi.
peltatum.
Polemonium flavum.
mexicanum.
pauciflorum.
Polycalymna Stuartii.
Polycarpon tetraphyllum.

Polygonum affine.

rude,
viviparum.
Weyrichii.

Poly pogon littoralis.
Portulaca grandiflora,

Potentilla arguta.
argyrophylla.
e

pennsy!vanica.
recta.
rivale.
rupestris. .
semilaciniata.
tanacetifolia.
beri.
tridentata.
Pratia angulata,
begonifolia,

13

Prenanthes purpurea.
Preslia cervina.

Primula capitata.
denticulata.

pulverulenta.
rosea.
verticillata.
deter ‘ome:
stachya.
piysoden:
Ramondia pyrenaica.
— var, alba.
Ranunculus aconitifolius.
Chius. -

lanuginosus.
Thora.

Reseda virgata.
Rhagadiolus edulis.
Rheum acuminatum.
Collinianum.
inopinatum.
Webbianum,
Rodgersia aesculifolia.
pinnata, _
podophylla.
Roemeria hybrida.

Romulea speciosa.

Rudbeckia tren breast er
cali ri
spec
shbhoaniniolls

Rumex maximus.
orientalis.
salicifolius.
sanguineus,
vesicarius.

Salvia Aethiopis.
argentea

carduacea,
cinea,

Salvia—coné.
Columbariae.

patens.
Schiedeana.
ee
Soulie
tiliaefolia.
verticillata.

virga
viridis.
Sambucus Ebulus
— var. latifolins.

Saponaria Vaccaria.

Saussurea albescens.
i é

hypoleuca.

salicifolia.

Saxifraga ambigua.

pale

sponhemica.
tellimoides.
tenella.

Seabiosa australis.
caucasica
dalmatica
graminifolia,

14

Secabiosa—cont
songarica
vestina.

Schizanthus Grahami.
pinnatus,

Scilla autumnalis.
cilicica.

Scolymus hispanicus.
a
Scopolia lurida.
sinensis.
| Scorpiurus vermiculata.
| Serophularia alata.
Scorodonia
- Scutellaria alpina.
altissima.
indica var, japonica.
lateriflora
Gatentalis.
Tourneforti.
Secale cereale.
| Securigera Coranilla.

Sedum alsinoides.

oppositifolium.
roseum

Selinum serbicum.
tenuifolium
vaginatum.

Senecio abrotanifolium.
adonidifolium.
alpinum.
campestris.
Clivorum,

Doria

Doronicum.
elegans.

| Kubaeus.
Ledebouri.
Ligularia,

Senecio—cont,
nemorensis.
stenocephalus.
turkestanicus.
Veitchii.
Wilsoniana.

Serratula Gmelinii.
tinctoria.

Seseli osseum.,

Sesleria argentea.

Setaria glauca.
italica,
vulpiseta.

Sidalcea candida.
mal vaeflora.
neo-mexicana.

Siderites scordioides.

Siegesbeckia orientalis.

Silene alpestris.

a.

asterias.
chloraefolia.
ciliata.

tatarica,

15

Silene—conté,
tenuis.
verecunda.
wolgensis.
Zawadskii.

Silphium mecca nic ls
integrifoliu
iabeerline,
trifoliatum, ©

Silybum Marianum.

gee Mehta
strictis
ophi ia.

Sisyrinchium angustifolium,
californicum.
chilense,

’ iridifolium.
pedunculatum.
striatum.

Sorghum saccharatum.

Specularia falcata.
hybrida.

ntagonia

pe ia.
perfoliata.
Speculum.

Sporobolus cryptandrus,
Wrightii.

Stachys Alopecuros.
annua.
citrina.
graeca.
grandiflora.
longifolia,

Statice bellidifolia.
Gmelinii.

speciosa.
Suwarowii.

Steironema ciliatum.

Stipa Calamagrostis.
Lessingiana.

splendens.

Swertia longifolia,
perennis,

16

Symphyandra Hofmanni. Trifolium—coné.
Wanneri. physod
pratense
Symphytum asperrimum. rubens.
scabrum
Synthyris reniformis. stellatum.
striatum.

Tellima grandiflora.

Trigonella caerulea.

Tetragonia crystallina. corniculata.
expansa.

eretica.
Foenum-graecum.
Teucrium Arduini. ovalis.
canadense. polycerata.
hyreanicum. radiata.
Scorodonia.
Trillium grandiflorum.

Thalictrum angustifolium

uilegi Triticum amyleum.

calabricum

dioicum. ; iati

Fendleri. bioreto rong

maximum i =

ea sinensis.

orientale. Troximon grandiflorum.
Thapsia garganica. | 'Tulipa Batalini.

: dasystemon.

Thermopsis fabacea. | linifolia.

rbombifolia. _ | Sprengeri.

Thlaspi perfoliatum. | Tunica Saxifraga.
Thymus odoratissimus. Urespermum Dalechampii.

Tofieldia calyculata. - | Drainia pulchra
Polmi ee
olmiea Menziesii. Urtica eS

Tolpis coronopifolia. r. balearica.
Tragopogon major. ee Anricula
orientalis,
dents
Tragus racemosus. Dioscoridis.
echinata.
Trautvetteria palmata. Scored oy

Tricholepis macropoda.

| Veratrum nigrum.
Tricyrtis latifolia. |

| Verbascum Chaixii.

Trifolium alpestre. leiocarpum
elegans. longifolium

|

|
. %
incarnatum. olympicum
Johnstoni. = rubiginosum,

Verbena bonariensis.,
ino}

urticaefolia.
venosa.
canescens.
Verbesina encelioides. lute
helianthoides.. narbonensis.
Jrobus.
Veronica austriaca. pisiformis.
ts: ifolia. ica.
gentianoides. sylvatica.
au unijuga.
grandis.
lonattel -Vincetoxicum fuscatum.
monticola. as
orchidea.
saxatilis. Viola cornuta.
spicata. lutea.
— Var, hybrida, Munbyana,
virginica. pinnata.
Vesicaria reticulata,
utriculata,. Zygadenus elegans,

21775 B

TREES

AND

SHRUBS.

Those marked with an asterisk were not grown at Kew.

Acanthopanax ~ Mri
*ricinifoliu
sessilifio

tic:

Acer cireinatum,
nikoense.

Ailanthus glandulosa.

Alnus barbata.

sitchensis.
tenuifolia.
viridis,
Aralia chinensis.
*Arbutus Unedo.
Berberis acuminata.
ngulosa.
aristata.
concinna.
dictyophylla.
Hookeri.

yunnanense,
Betula Ermani.
fontinalis.
fruticosa
glandulosa,
es

papyrifera,
populifolia,

{

"Beare 9 oe
bos

glo
Sai bile
— var. Veitchianus.

—— arborescens.
r. Redowskii.
Wkatiace:

Carmichaelia australis.

Carya porcina.

Ceanothus integerrimus.
velutinus.

Celastrus articulatus.
flagellaris.
scandens.

Celtis occidentalis.

Cephalotaxus drupacea.

Cercis Siliquastrum.

Cercocarpus parvifolius,

oct anaeee

rifolius.
sant et
Cladrastis amurensis.

Clematis: aethusifolia,

19

Clerodendron trichotomum. | Cyt lend
a rgans
Colutea arborescens. coparius var. Andreanus.
bullata. sone lifelins,
istria. ao ‘
media. Daboécia polifolia.

Daphne Mezereum.
Cornus macrophylla.
Deutzia crenata,

Cot is. . rr
: err ieee Sieboldiana.
eta | ee i
buxifolia. sigs
frigida seu es Henryi.
nch Simonii
horizontalis
So cpg Knkianthus campanulatus.
in

awaits fon) var. glacialis. | Prica stricta,
Nu aan eg ia

pan 3

rotundifolia, Escallonia pterocladon.

imo : oe

Chine. 2045, Forrest. emai

aga ia. planipes
*Crataegus Arnoldiana. Exochorda Alberti.

atrorubens. :

Carrierei. Garrya elliptica.

coccinea. -

Sag a Gaultheria Shallon.

Crus-Galli.

Dippeliana. | Genista aethnensis.

durobrivensis. germani

mexicana. radiata:

‘ennaectiot eae

tomentosa. ——

Halesia hispida,

*Cryptomeria japonica. tetrapteré

Cupressus obtusa.
thurifera. polifol

thyoides. Hippophaé rhamnoides,

Cydonia Maulei. Hydrangea ata
olar

‘ ee Sracriaioes
| Ee eti

|

|

— pri tite.
r. incarnatus.
biflor orus. Hace pista Androsaemum,
capitatus.

nigricans. Buekleid

Hypericum—cont.
densifloru
latum.
hircinum.
Hookerianum.
ulum.
— var. Henryi.

Ilex Sieboldii.
verticillata.

Indigofera Gerardiana.

Jasminum fruticosa.
humile.

Juglans nigra.

Kalmia cuneata.

Kolreuteria paniculata.

Leycesteria formosa.

*Ligustrum sp. China.
Forrest.

Lonicera alpigena.
belgica.

coeruleseens.

kil.
segreziensis.
translucens.
Xylosteum.
Lupinus arboreus.

Lycium Grevilleanum.
pallidum.

Lyonia ligustrina.
*Maclura aurantiaca.
Menziesia globularis,
Myricaria germanica,
Neillia amurensis.
itata.
opulifolia,

Nesaea salicifolia.

Olearia Haastii.

5984,

20

' Ononis fruticosa.

Paliurus australis.
Pernettya mucronata.
Petteria ramentacea.
Phellodendron japonicum.
Philadelphus californicus.

Lewisii.
tomentosa.

Picea Engelmannii.
Pieris formosa.
*Pinus contorta.
monticola.
uke.

*ponderosa.
*Strobus.

Platanus orientalis,
Potentilla fruticosa.

Pranus acida var. sempertiorens.
Cuthbertii.
*Sargentii.

Ptelea Bald winii.
trifoliata.
Pyrus americana.
crataegifolia.

ie
ioen
Wisiewulaiyane.
prunifolia.

ingo.
rotundifolia.
sam bucifolia.
Schiedeckeri.

sikkimensis.

Rhamunus cathartica.
divaricatum.

Erythroxylon.
Frangula.

Rhododendron caucasicum,.
ferrugineum, |

Rhodotypus kerrioides.

Ribes cruentum.,
ivaricatum.
idum.
seneny
stein
romeo ete
Warscewiczii.
Robinia Kelseyi.
*Rosa laxa.
rubrifolia.
sericea,

Rubus diversifolius.

xanthocarpus.
Ruta graveolens.

Sambucus glauca.
racemosa.

Securinega fluggeoides.

Skimmia japonica.
Sophora viciifolia.
Spartium junceum,
Spiraea Aitchisoni.
arcuata,

bracteata.

Spiraea—cont.
canescens.
discolor.
stellipila.

Staphylea colchica.
Coulombieri.
pinnata

Stephanandra Tanakae.

Styrax japonicum.

Symphoricarpus mollis.
racemosus.

Syringa Emodi.

Taxus cuspidata.

Thuya orientalis.

Vaccinium candicans.

padifolium.
simulatum.,

Viburnum cotinifolium.
dentatum.
Lentago
Opulus.
Sie,
ido om
Want,

Vitis amurensis.

orientalis,
cle eser te
Zanthoxylum Bungei.

Zenobia speciosa.
7

LON
PRINTED FOR HIS es 2 tg ERY OFFICE,
By DARLING & SON, Lrp., 34-40, Bacon Srrezzt, E.

1911.

ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW.

BULLETIN

OF

MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION,

APPENDIX II—1912.

NOTE.

In the preface to the Catalogue of the Library of the Royal Botanic
Gardens, which was issued as Volume III. of the Additional Series
of the Kew Bulletin, it was stated that annual lists of future
additions would be published in the Bulletin. ;

The present instalment contains the additions made to the Library
by gift or purchase during the year 1911, with the exception
of such current periodicals and annuals as continue sets already

catalogued.

Like the Catalogue, the List is printed on one side of the page
to allow of its being cut up. It is probable that many persons
and institutions will make the Kew Catalogue the basis of their
own, and will use the lists of additions to supply printed slips for

fresh titles.

(24152—6a,) Wt. 189—8U8. 1125, 5/12. D&S. A

24

CATALOGUE OF THE LIBRARY.

Additions received or incorporated during 1911.

§ 1.—GENERAL.

: Aba Hanifa Ahmed ibn D&’id ad-Dinawari. See Silberberg, B.
910.

‘ Aiken, W. H. Catalogue of the Ferns and Flowering Plants of.

Cincinnati, Ohio, and vicinity. (Bull. Lloyd Libr. Bot. Ser. n. 1.
Lloyd Library.

Antwerp. Jardin botanique. Catalogue de la Bibliothéque. [Title
also in Flemish.] Antwerpen, (1911). 8vo.

Director.

Arechavaleta, José. Las Gramineas Wo eae (An. Mus. Nac
Montevid. i.) Montevideo, 1894-97. la. 8vo

Arldt, Theodor. Die Entwickelung der Rintineante und ihrer
Le bewelt : ein Beitrag zur vergleichenden Erdgeschichte. Leipzig,

1907. 8vo.

Arnold, a — Flora of Sussex, or a list of the Flower-
ing Plants a . . with localities of the less common
species. Noe ation om ed. 2]. London, 1907. 8vo.

[Arvet-Touvet, Casimir, & Gaston Gautier.] Hieraciotheca Gallica
et Hispanica. Table des espéces, variétés et synonymes du genre
Hieracium. Fasc. I-XX. Narbonne, 1910. fol

Authors.

Ascherson, Paul Friedrich August, See Schliemann, H. 1880. § 2.

Ascherson, P. F. A. Die aus dem mittlern Nordafrika, dem Gebiete
der Rohifs'schen Expedition nach Kufra bekannt gewordenen
Pflanzen. See Rohlfs,@. Kufra. 1881. § 2.

Ascherson, P. F. A., & Graebner, Paul. Flora des nordostdeutschen
Flachlandes (ausser Ostpreussen), (ASCHERSON’S Flora der Provinz
Brandenburg. Zweite Auflage.) Berlin, 1898-99. 8vo.

Asmai (al). Kitab al nabat wa al shajar. [7.e. Book of the herb
and the tree. ] Pe annotations in Arabic by August HAFFNER,
Vienna, 1910. 8vo

Sir C. J. Lyall.

Auld, Helen P. See Gibson, R. J. Harvey, &H.P. A. 1900.

Azambuja, Graciano A. de. A exposicgdo de Uvas e a Viticultura oe
Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. (Gazeta do Commercio.) Port
Alegre, 1911. 8vo,

Author.
24152 A2

25

Bailey, Charles. Address on the native and alien Plants of
rio rae — the-Sea. (Proc. Manch. Field Club, i.) Manchester,
Author.
Baker, Hugh Potter. Die Pririen in Zentralnordamerika und ihr
Wert fiir Forstkultur. Diss. Mitnchen, 1911. 8vo.
Author.
Baker, Richard Thomas, & Henry G. Smith. A research on the
—— A Australia. (New South Wales, Technical Education Series,
16.) Sydney, 1910. 4to.
Authors,
Banks, Right Hon. Joseph, Bart. Life. See Smith, B. 1911.

Barnes, Charles Reid. See Coulter, J. M., C. R. B., & H.C. Cowles.
191

Baumann, Eugen. Die Vegetation des Untersees(Bodensee). Eine
floristisch-kritieche und biologische Studie. Diss. Stuttgart, 1911. 8vo
- Schi

Baur, Erwin. Sa ypensle in die experimentelle Vererbungslehre.
Berlin, 1911.

Bay, J. Christian. See Flora oder Allgemeine botanische Zeitung.
Gesamt-Register. 1910. §3.

Beauverd, Gustave. Sur la distribution géographique des genres
Leontopodium Cass. et Cicerbita Wallr. emend. Beauv. (Bull.
Murith. fase. 36.) Sion, 1911. 8vo

Author.

Becker, Wilhelm. Violae Europaeae. Systematische Bearbeitung
der Violen Europas und seiner benachbarten Gebiete. (Beih. Bot.
Centralbl. xxvi. Abt. 2, as “ Violenstudien.”) Dresden, 1910. 8vo.

Belli, Saverio. See Gibelli, Guiseppe, & 8. B. 1889.

Bellon, Joseph. Expériences culturales sur quelques Solanum
tubériféres. (Bull. Soc. Hort. et Bot. Bouches-du-Rhone, 1910.)

Marseille, 1911. 8vo.
Author.

Berthold, Gottfried. Die Bangiaceen des Golfes von Neapel und der
angrenzende n Meeres-Abschnitte. Eine Monographie. (Fauna und
Flora des Golfes von N eapel. Monogr. viii.) ee ig he 8vo.

Bevis, J. F., & Henry John — British Plints: their stags
and es London, 1911. 8vo
ock, J. Vorschlage zur Bekampfung schadlicher und giftiger
Saleaeler, Bonn, 1911, 8vo.
Author.

Bolton, James. Biography. See Crossland, C. 1910.

Bolus, Harry. Icones Orchidearum austro-africanarum extra-
tropicarum, Vol.ii. London, 1911. 8vo.
Miss L. Kensit.

Bonnier, Gaston, & Georges de Layens. Flore oe de la France
et de la Suisse. Nouvelle édition. Paris, [1908?]. 8vo

26

Bornmueller, Joseph. Uber eine shee pi Gewm-Art der nord-
persischen Flora und kritische ae rkungen tiber die Sektionen
sugges (Orthurus) und Oligocarpa iinet atta. (Mitt. Thiir.
Bot. Ver., N. F. Heft 21.) rWeimary, (1906). 8vo

Author,

* lan earieoeg J. Bemerkungen iiber das Vorkommen von Senecio
aticus x viscosus. (Mitt. Thiir. Bot. Ver., N. F. Heft 21.)
rWeimar}, (1906). 8vo.
Author.

Bornmueller, J. Kurze Bemerkung iiber die eS
der nordafrikanischen Flora. (Mitt. Thiir. Bot. Ver., N. F. Heft 22.)
[Weimar], (1907). 8vo
Author,

Bornmueller, J. Novitiae a ie? orientalis. Series 2, 3, and 5
(Mitt. Thiir. Bot. Ver..N. F. Hefte 21, 22, and 27.) Weimar',
(1907-10). 8vo.

Author.

Bornmueller, J. Florula latins. (Mitt. Thiir. Bot. Ver., N. F.
Heft 24.) [Weimar], (1908). 8vo
Author.

ener ros J. Revision einiger syrischer Asiragalus-Arten der
horus. a Thir. Bot. Ver., N. F. Heft 28.)

Weimar} (911). 8vo
Author.

Botanical Pocket-Book. See Forster, T. F. 1840.
Boy de la Tour, Maurice. See Rousseau, J.J. 1911.
Bradley Bibliography. See Rehder, A.
Briquet, John. Pie Sis os de la Flore Corse. i. Genéve, Bale,
Lyon, 1910. 8vo.
British Garden, The. See Murray, Lady Charlotte. 1799.

Britton, gem Lord, & Shafer, John Adolph. North American
Trees, being descriptions and illustrations of the Trees growing
independently of cultivation in North America, north of Mexico and
the West Indies. (American Nature Series.) New York, 1908. 8vo.

Brooke, Gilbert E. Glycine Soja. (Malaya Med. Journ, ix.)
Singapore, 1911. 8vo.
H. N. Ridley.

Brooks, Frederick Tom. See Evans, A.H. 1911.

Brotherus, Victor Ferdinand. Musci. (Wissenschaftl. Ergebn. der
Deutschen Zentral-Afrika-Exped., 1907-1908, unter Fiihrung Adolf
Friedrichs, Herzogs zu Mecklenburg, Bd. ii.) Leipzig, tei a tin

Brotherus, V. F, Allionielia, eine neue Beis svelte aus
Ecuador. (Ofversigt Finska Vet.-Soc. Férh. liii.) [Helsingfors,
1910.] 8vo.

Author.

a

27

Bruce, Sir Charles. The true temper of Empire [with reference to
the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]. (Victoria Inst. Trans.) (London
1911.) 8vo.

Author.

runner, Carl. Beitrige zur vergleichenden Anatomie der
asia (Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst. xxvi.) Hamburg, 1909.
vO.

H. Solereder.
Buenos Aires. El Jardin Botanico. See Thays,C, 1910.

_ Buettner, Richard. Einige Ergebnisse meiner Reise in Westafrika

n den Jahren 1884-1886, insbesondere des Landmarsches von San
Sales dor tiber den Quango nach dem > eee (Mitt. Afrik.
Ges. in Deutschl. v. Heft 3.) [Berlin, 1889.] 8vo

Buitenzorg. Inst. Bot. 1905. See Costa e Andrade, A. da. 1909.

Bunyard, George. pple and Pears. (Present-Day Gardening.)
London, [s.a.]. 8vo

Burgeff, Hans. Die Anzucht tropischer Orchideen aus Samen.
Jena, 1911. 8vo.

Caels, Theodor Peter. De Belgii Plantis qualitate quadam
hominibus caeterisve animalibus nociva seu venenata praeditis.
Dissertatio. Bruxellis, 1774. Ato.

Campbell, Douglas Houghton. The Eusporangiatae. The
parative morphology of the Ophioglossaceae and Marattingeci
(Carnegie Inst. Washington, Publ. 140.) Washington, D.C., 1911.
4to.

Cannon, William Austin. The topography of the Chlorophyll
Apparatus in Desert Plants. ss rnegie Inst. Washington, Publ. 98.)
oe D.C., 1908. 8vo

Cannon, W. A. rat as in oe rx illustrated = the Tri-
cho Sree as species and hybrids of Juglans, Oenothera, Papaver
and Solanum. (Camegic Inst. Wansectin, Publ. 117.) ” Washing-
ton, D.C., 1909.

Cannon, W. A. The root habits of Desert Plants. giuaeere Inst.
Washingt. Publ. 181.) Washington, D.C.,1911. 8vo.

Cannon, W. A. See MacDougal, Daniel Trembly, & W. A.C. 1910.
Ceylon. Botanical Gardens. See Lipsky, V.J. 1911.
Chase, Agnes. See Hitchcock, A.8.,& A.C. 1910.

kgs Auguste. Les Végétaux utiles de l’Afrique ey ae
francai Fasc. 6. Les Kolatiers & les Noix de Kola, par A. C. et
Em. PanEor Paris, 1911. 8vo.
A. Chevalier.
Chevalier, A. Sudania. Enumeération des Plantes récoltées en
Afrique tropicale par Aug. CHEVALIER. Tomei. (no, 1 a no. 12,000).
Paris, 1911) Ato.
A. Chevalier.

28

Chodat, Robert, & Emile mary Apereu de la ag aoe
botanique du Paraguay. (9me Congr. Internat. de Géogr. Com
Rendu des Travaux, ii.) Ganave, 1910. 8vo

Authors.

Christy, Cuthbert. The African Rubber Industry and Funtumia

elastica (“ Kickxia”’). London, 1911. 8vo.
J. Bale, Sons & Danielsson, Ltd,

Clark, George H., & James Fletcher. Farm Weeds of Canada.
With illustrations Dy Norman CRIDDLE. Ed. 2. Revised and
enlarged by G. H. C. (Dep. Agric. Canada). Ottawa, 1909. la. 8vo.

Canadian Government Exhibition Commissioner.

Clement, Ernest W. The Japanese floral calender. Chicago,
1911. 8vo.

Coast Erosion and satinloee Royal Commission. See Great
Britain and Ireland. 1907-1

Cockayne, Leonard. New Zealand Plants and their story.
Wellington, 1910. 8vo.
Minister of Education, New Zealand.
Cockayne, L. List of rie from the Franz Josef Glacier to the
coast-line. (Geogr. Rep. on the Franz Josef Glacier. N. Z. Geol.
Surv., 1910.) (Wellington, 1910.) 4to.
Author.
Cocks, Reginald 8. Leguminosae of Louisiana. See Louisiana. §3.

Conard, Henry Shoemaker. The structure and life-history of the
hay-scented Fern [Dennstaedtia punctilobula, Moore]. (Carnegie
Inst. Washington, Publ. 94.) Washington, D.C., 1908. 8vo.

Connold, Edward T. Plant Galls of Great Britain. London, 1909.
i

Cook, T & Others. Carnations and Pinks. (Present-Day
Gardening). grins [s.a.]. 8vo.

Cordemoy, — Jacob de. Les Plantes a Gommes et Résines.
Paris, 1911.

Correvon, Henry. Fleurs des Champs et des Bois des Haies et
des Murs. Genéve, 1911. 8vo.
Sir Frank Crisp.

Costa e Andrade, Alfredo da. Relatorio official sobre o Instituto
Botanico de Buitenzorg, Agosto, 1905. (Revista Agron.) Lisboa,
1909. 8vo.

Ministro da Marinha e Ultramar, Lisbon.

Costantin, Julien, & H. Poisson. Sur le “ Tsitsiry ” de Madagascar.
(Comptes rendus Assoc. frang. Av. Se., 1907.) Paris, (1908). Sv

Coulter, John Merle. New Manual of Botany of the Central saw
Mountains. Revised by Aven NELSON. New York, etc., 1909. 8vo.

Coulter, J, M., Charles Reid Barnes, & Henry Chandler Cowles. A
textbook of Botany for _— and universities. Vols.i. & ii. New
York, etc., 1910-11.

29
Cowles, Henry Chandler. See Coulter, J. M., C. R. Barnes, & H.C. C.
1910-11.
Crawley, Vicary Gibbs. See Davy, J. Burtt-,& V.G.C. 1910.

Crossland, Charles. An eighteenth century naturalist: Jam
BOLTON, Halifax. (Halifax Guardian. Reprinted with slight altar:
tions.) Halifax, 1910. 8vo.

G. E. Massee.
Curtis, Charles H. Orchids for everyone. London & New York,
910. Ato.
A. W. Hill.

Cuthbertson, William. Pansies, ans and Violets. (Present-
Day Gardeni ing). London, [s.a.]. Svo

Darlington, Hayward Radcliffe. Roses. (Present-Day Gardening.)
London, (1911). 8vo.

Davy, Joseph Burtt-, & Vicary Gibbs Crawley. The families, genera
and species of Pteridophyta of the Transvaal. (8. African Journ.
Sc., 1910.) Cape Town, 1910. 8vo.

J. Burti-Davy.

Dean, Alexander. Root and Stem Vegetables. (Present-Day
Gardening). London, [s.a.].

Delabarre, E. B. (Flora of tateadod) See Grenfell, W. T., & others.
1909. §2.

Delacroix, Georges, & André Maublanc. Maladies des Plantes
cultivées dans les pays chauds. Paris, 1911. 8vo.

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Dr. Eduard VOGEL in Central-Afrika. . Nebst einem Lebensabriss
des Reisenden. Nach den Orgmeiquelien ‘pearbeitet von H. WAGNER.
Leipzig, 1860. 8vo

Wagner, Hermann. See Vogel, Eduard. 1860.

§ 3.—PERIODICALS.
Including the Publications of Societies.

Agricultural Journal of the Union of South Africa. Vol.i. n.1—.
Pretoria, 1911+. 8vo. n this are merged The Transvaal Agri-
cultural Journal, The Natal Agricultural Journal,and The Agricultural
Journal of the Cape of Good Hope. ]

49

Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University. Bulletin of Popular
Information, n. 1+. Jamaica Plain, Mass.,1911+. 8vo

yrector.
Berlin. Botanischer Verein der Provinz Brandenburg. Katalog
oO eee othek . zusammengestellt von C. SCHUSTER. Dahlem,
Secretary.

Botanical Journal. The official organ of the pag Botanic Society
of London. Vol.i. n.1l-. London, 1910>. 4to
Secretary.
Botanikai Kozlemények. See pene Kézlemények.

Buitenzorg. Departement van Landbouw. Nijverheid en Handel.
Mededeelingen over Rubber, n. 1. Ere 1911. ;
Director.

_ Bulletin agricole du Congo bale; publié par la Direction genicsle
de Agriculture. Vol.i-ii. n.1l>. Bruxelles,1910-l1l>. 8vo

Flora oder igi botanische Zeitung. Herausgeber: K.
GOEBEL. Gesamt-Register fiir die Bande 26-100, éarbeitet von
J. Christian BAY. Jena, 1910. 8vo

Forestry. See Journal of resssie¥ and Estates Management.

Geneva. Société botanique de Genéve. Bulletin, publié sous la
direction de L. VIRET. 2me série, vols.i-iii.>. Genéve, 1909-1l>
8vo.

Great Britain and Ireland. Board of Agriculture [and Fisheries ].
Journal. General Index to vols. xi—xvii. (1904-11). London,
[1911]. 8vo.

Secretary.

Great Britain and Ireland. Board of Agriculture and Fisheries.
at nos 1-100. London, 1904. 8vo.—Ed.9. Ib.,1911. 8vo.

101-200. Ed.2. Ib.,1911. 8vo.
Secretary.

Hawaii. Territory of Hawaii. Board of Agriculture and Forestry
es of the Board of Commissioners, [1909-10]. Honolulu, 1911.
8vo

Division of Forestry. Bulletin, n. 1.
Honoltite, 1911. 8vo. 7o.-—~Botatiical Bulletin, n.1. Ib.,1911. 8vo
Board of Dinralieioners.
Hedwigia. General-Register fiir die Bande 1 bis 50
zusammengestellt von G. LINDAU. Dresden, (1911). 8vo
Indian Forester. Index to vols. i—xxx. (1875-1904), by. EZ. P.
STEBBING. Calcutta, 1908. 8vo.
Iowa. Agricultural Experiment Station. Agronomy Section.
Research Bulletinl. Ames, 1911. 8vo.
Director,
Ireland. Department of Agriculture and Technical Instruc-
tion for Ireland. Journal, vols. ii- 1901-
1911 >. 8vo. —Leaflets, selected set from n. 14-91. Dublin, 1904-09.
8vo.
Journal of the Agri-Horticultural Society of Western India. See
Poona.

50

Journal of Forestry and Estates Management. Vols. i-vi. May,
1877-Apr il, 1883. London, 1878-83. 8vo. Continuedas: Forestry.
A Magazine for the Country. Vols. vii-ix. May, 1883-Oct. 1884,
Ib., (1883-84). 8vo. ee as: Forestry. A Journal of Forest
and Estate Managem Vols. x.-xi. Nov. 1884-April, 1886.
wna & London, (1885-86) rom [Vols. vi-ix. were edited

.G. HEA

Journal of Genetics. Edited oe W. Bateson & R. C.. PUNNETT,
Cambridge, 1910-11 >. 8vo.

Journal of the South-Eastern Kerssaitalis College. See Wye.

Rog ie Physikalisch-dkonomische Gesellschaft zu Kénigs-
erg. Schriften, li. Heft 2. Kénigsberg in Pr., 1910. 8vo.

Leyden. ’s Rijks Herbarium. Mededeelingen, 1910. Leiden,
1911. 8vo.
Director.

Lloyd Library of paw: ete. Bibliographical Contributions from
the Lloyd Library. No.1 -. Cincinnati, 1911 +. 8
Lloyd Inbrary.

Lloyd Library of Botany, etc. Bulletin. Botany Series, n. 1>.
Cincinnati, 1911 -. 8vo.
Lloyd Library.

London. Royal Society of London. (International) Catalogue
of Scientific Literature. International Conferences, [1]-3, 1896,
1898, 1900. Reports of the oF Tak London, [s.a.]. 8vo.—
International Conventions, 1-2, 1905, 1910. Reports — pro-
ceedings. London, [s.a.]. 8vo.—Schedules. Song 9

Director, R.B. @., Kew.

Louisiana. L.State Museum. Natural History Survey. Bulletin,
nyt. — of Louisiana, by R. S. Cocks. New Orleans,
vo

1910.
Board of Curators.

Moss Exchange Club. Census catalogue of eis Hepatics, com-
piled by S. M. MacvicaR. York, 1905. 8vo

Mozambique. Mocambique. iia a Agricultura Boletim,
n. 1-4 +. Lourenco Marques, 1910 >.

New Zealand. pA taemsen of xis Journal, vol. iii, >
Wellington, 1910-11 +. 8vo
Editor.

2. Kozlemények, continued as Botanikai Kézlemények.
A Kir. Magyar Természettudomanyi Tarsulat Névénytani Szakosz-
talydnak folydirata. i-x. >. Budapest, 1902-ll>. 8vo

Philippine Journal of Science. Vol.i. Manila, 1906. 8vo.—Vol. i
Supplement. Ib., 1906. 8vo — Chemical and Geological Sciences
and the Industries. Vol. vi. Ib., 1911 +. 8vo.—C. Bota
Vols. ii—vi. +. Ib., 1907-11 >. " 8yo.

Director, Bureau of Science, Manila.

pre gapcarag Lb Official organ of the American Phytopathological
ociety, Vol. i. >. Ithaca, N.Y.,1911 >. 8vo.

51

Pomona Bee — of Economic Botany. Vol. i.>. Clare-
mont, Calif, 1911 la. 8vo
Editor.

Poona. Meck 100f Society of Western India. Journal,
re 1904—March, 1907. Poona, 1904-07. 8vo.—Bulletins, n. 1-6.
904-08.

Transvaal. Museum and Zoological Gardens. Annual reports,
1906-07—1907-08. Pretoria, 1908-9. fol.

nidad. Department of coset ashe Circulars, 5, 6, 11, 12.
[Portot -Spain, 1910-11.] 8vo
Director.
Trinidad (and Tobago). Board of Agriculture. Circulars, 1-6.
Port-of-Spain, 1911. 8vo.
Director, Dep. Agric., Trinidad.
Upsala. Regia Societas Scientiarum Upsaliensis. (Kungl. Veten-
skaps Societeten i Upsala.) Tvéhundraérsminne. Upsala, 1910. 4to
R. Soc. Sci., Upsala.

Vienna. Gartenbau - Gesellschaft in Wien. Bibliothekskatalog,
verfasst von ES VOLLBRACHT. Wien, 1911. 8vo.
Secretary.
Wer ist’s? Biographien nebst ee apemon. etc. Herausg. von
H. A. L. DEGENER. Ed. 5. Leipzig, 1911. 8vo
Wye, Kent. South - Kastern Agricultural ‘link. Journal,
n. 9, 10, 18-18. London & Ashford, 1900-09. 8vo.

§ 4.—MANUSCRIPTS.

Transvaal. Correspondence relating to cultural products, plant
cligeaien etc., with some printed matter, 1879-1911. fol.

Wood, Julius John. Plants of Chutia Nagpur including Jaspur and
Sirguja. (Rec. Bot. Surv. India, ii.) Calcutta, 1902. 8vo. [Inter-
leaved and annotated, and title changed to—" Plants of Chutia
acu including its tributary states and Santalia.”

Author.
Index to eae of Chutia Nagpur and to Herbarium

Wood, J. J.
J.J. W{oop]. 3 vols
Author.

24152

ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW.

BU LGETIN

OF

MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION,

APPENDIX III.—1912.

NEW GARDEN PLANTS OF THE YEAR 1911.

mber of garden plants annually described in botanical

and horHiouttanal pabligations: both English and foreign, is now so

considerable that it has been thought desirable to publish a com-
e

all the
These lists are indispensable to the maintenance of a correct
nomenclature, especially in the smaller botanical establishments in
correspondence with Kew, which are, as a rule, only scantily pro-
vided with tigatinces! periodicals. Such a list will also affo
information respecting new plants under eae ralien a this —
ment, many of which will be distributed ape the regu

=
o
pl
i)
far)
O
=)
ey
les)
4
=)
°F
°
foo
a
©
4 Pu
)
ae
oO
ba)
—
@
=]
oe
—
=)
m
oe
Bs
=)
5B
©
co]
—
o
4.
2
s. &
°o
-

Other plants included in the list may have been in gardens
several years, but either were not described or their names had not
been authenticated until recently.

n addition to species and well-marked varieties, —— whether
introduced or of garden origin, have been included where they have
been described with formal botanical names. Mere pesrsonie forms
of well-known garden plants are omitted, for obvious reasor

In every case the plant is cited under its published or i although
some of the names are doubtfully correct. Where, however
correction has appeared desirable, this is made.

The name of the person in whose collision the plant was first
noticed or described is given where known

An asterisk is prefixed to all those plants of which examples
are in cultivation at Kew

The publications from which this list is ee with the
chigoviatnns used to indicate a are as follows :—B. K.—Vaupel,
Bliihende Kakteen. B. M.—Botanical Maakaits 'B. P,—Bollettino

(24566—6a.) Wt, 189—808, 1125, HE D &&§&. A

del R. Orto Botanico di Palermo
ultura.

Societa Toscana do
torium specierum
G. Gardeners’ Ghrenicte:

Magazine. Jard,—Le Jardin.

Gardens, Kew. « D,. G.
gischen Gesellschaft.
M.

from the Royal Botanic Garden, sr etnies
Orchis.—Orchis. Beilage zur Gartenflo
Wils.

40

B. T. O—Bullettino della R.
Fedde, Repert.—Fedde, Reper-
ili Gard.—The Garden.
.—Gardeners’

de la Société Nationale d’Horticulture de France

. —Miéllers Deutsche Girtner-Zeitung.
. K.—Monatsschrift fiir Kakiéen Furide: AEB.

G. Hdinb.—Notes
O. R.—Orchid Review.
O. W.—The Orchid World.

Pl. Wils.—Plantae are calited by C. S. Sargent.

Revue Horticole. R.H.B.—
T.& S.—
ie Ser Catalogue

f H.~Half- aay.

alee er sag eens. age D. G.

orm
wit tt pendulous pe F Giat von
Zamoy: Moloczki, ” Volhynien,

Abies stehensis Brnanti i Cari
1911, 25, f. 26.) 4H. utiful
vari with semi-erect eubemn and
See - silvery leaves, (Bruant,
Poitiers.) [ Picea sitchensis, Carr.,

var. ]

“ore irnaisaleen= (2. A. B.1911,

ea a= £,19.) Legu-

between A,

pda ntl Lia pe a pycnantha,
inter, Bordighera.)

a Hanburyana. . f. ae 1911.
220, 1911,

CB. T. O. 1911, 83,

ot bee
120, f. 13.) G en brid raised from
seed. oi a plant of A,

Seo % Gir By Mazsann,

Acaci a Siebertiana

rs 2
eel in havi wa ost lozenge-
f
Winter, ad o dete leaves, (L,
Acal

ypha. (R. H.
_ 66-68 ; M. G, Z.1911, 589-591,
"bi 8 The ff. 1-6,

6.)
pin oy ied fe

1911, 175-177, ff,

ribune Spare

Jt.—Foot or Fee
in.—Inches.

R. H—
e de l’Horticulture Belge. Sirgen
renee] Trees and Shab

Spdath Cat.—L. Spaith, General

Veitch, N. H. P.—

5. ag

Seaderiana, A, Hamiltoniana, A, Go d-

eupelia and ernert
(H. A. A. Baailunck , Mehlem-on-Rhein ;
Gebriider Teupel, Quedlinburg, Ger-
many.)

<o caudatum var, multiserratum.

; G, 1911, 244.) Sapin
H. Tree 30-50 ft. high, Leaves 3-5 in
across, 7-lo ; lobes sharply doubly
serrate. Flo in erect narrow
panicles. Ce 1 China. .
Arboretum, Boston, U.S.A.; A.
Hesse, Weener, Hanover.)

slightly lobed, long-acuminate, un-
dulate Graf von Schwerin,
Wandisdh-Wilmensdiort, Germany.)

ee bn ee Ene
24.)

nsely
saat pricy saat
Juditten, Germany.)
Aninets Moorei. (2. a t. 8392.)
Orchidaceae,

. A new species
od trot A, Eeubyana ana by the

densely spotted flowers, which have
en So tee broader lateral lobes to the

culvared, h brown spots,
America, aaaee B. G.)

Sepeyils ga gk <<. MM. t. 8407.)
robust ——

glabrous "herb. ride 37 ft, high
ves thick, leathery, the radical ones
Twig stated ovate, twice pinnatisect,

Campbell. fae: (T. A. Dorrien
)

Sie Ee (@. C.1911

waste
‘ it aes not grow so high, and th
leaflets of inn eaves are

about 2 ft. high.
Chatham Islands. (Ginane vin B, G.)

Adenia venenata. (2. 7. O. 1911,
289.) Passiflorac Pere:

tubular, Pellewinks - white. - lobed.
Arabia; Tropical Africa,” pA te
B. G.) ‘odecea. |

Adioda. (G. €.1911,1. 177.) Orchid-
aceae. G, Adioda“ St. Fuscien ” is

between
Noetzliana, (CH. Graire, Amiens

— "cage: cope Sf C. 191i

32.) Ore “A dark

reno owns prot aor the d . Savage-

anum class.’ ountry not stated.
(¥, Sander & Sons.)

Aaiies anne (AF a 1911, oi
ul plan ving W
iva ay the are "of e spur
yellowish. A re-introduction, Timor,
(Stuart Low & =?

Agapanthus inapertus. = F-0.
ve 187.) Lili Easily
tinguished from = undetat v by

ron the funnel sha

purple anthers with pale keener
pollen. See oy 1, Soe. vase Geneve,
2me série, ii, » ae rans-

Easte
yaal, (Ww. Barbe, Pierriére, ia
24566

41

Br ala g Stee B, 1911,
meraceae. about

+f ra high aaa base.
Stems erect, ici. shortly. villous.
Leaves oblanceola se em 6 in. long,

2 in, across. eru, (F. Sander &
; Kew.)

Berk peontin ders aot § Fs _ 1911,
346,
e base,

creamy-white, with purple blotches
and lines inside the tube; tube in-
a the rps ton ; limb 1} in.

eru. (F. Sander & Sons;

*Alnus oe Bee Cat, 1911-
uliferae. H. A

broadly —— See Sargent, Silva,
xiv. 61, t. 727. North - western
America, CL. Spaith, Berlin)

eee ae muricata rosea.
a B, 1911, 29, om Compositae.
: ichieanched ann

if 13-2 ft.
high Peduncles long. Flower-h
2-24 in, across, brig: ree

idt, Erfurt.) [= Volutareila

& Schmid
muricata, Benth. & Hook. f. var. ]

Ampelopsis gaarvere (3.20.
1911, 247, f. 24.) Ampelidaceae, G,
climbing perennial. Leaves hers
baceous, digi ae 5-foliolate or ae

times 3 foliola te; segments obovate-
lanceolate , acuminate or
caudate, up to 6 in, long and 2} in
gularly incised-serrate ;

m

Vitis ;
(Florence B, G.)

*Amygdalus bucharica. Ai ~
1911-12, n. 148, 79.)
small tree with slender oe cabling
branches. Leaves small, elliptie to
lanceolate, grey-green. Flowers not
described. Turkestan, (L. Spith,
Berlin.)
A2

7g ha hybridum pita
nu

A, Andre
other species or “hybrid, remarkable
for their large ostly brightly-
coloured spathes. Shor t senpaon
f 19 varieties are supplie (Rk.
pend di Pomologia e Orticoltura,
Florence.)

Anthurium werealtnse. (7. H.
1911, 658.) Apparently an ally of
A, And kable in havi

and
apex. Andes of Cole bia. yainres
& Lanthoine, Watermael, Belgium.)

Ariocarpus eee (ae K. 1911,
. 170.) Cactaceae. ually con-

at. Herb. xiii. 308, t. 63.

Arisaema comsanguineni var var. gi-
ganteum. (4. T. 0.1911, 297, £. 21.)
Araceae. G. from the t;

in being, larger in all its i Petiole

Arisaema Sr (Rk. HH. 1911,
alls ht 196- 199.) G, A new species

Western China. (M. L. de Vilmorin.
Tes Fran) e Vilmorin,

*Aristoloc’ kewensis. (G. 0.

1911, 11, 1 30, sap Dh) Aristolochia-
garden hybrid bet

: at trilobata and A, ae (Kew.)

“Artemisia sacrorum viridis.
(2. H. 1911, 556, f. 218; RB
i911, 365, f) Compositac. SA

foliage, and very numerous wish-
: “ee fl : atte beads pri rl in

autumn, China, 6,

Erfurt.) (F, C. Heinemann

Asparagus Hatcheri.
ax. 1b M. G. Z. ate ar hale :
aceae, Apparently of A

42

premaree pacer in growth than the

ith less delicate lateral
Sahat eng sla are borne more regu
larly.

M. 1911, 379.) “Filices
ae a init ‘from A. bulbiferum. It
is more compact in growt an the
type. (H. B. May & Sons.)

Aster tataricus var. Petersianus.
(Gf. 1911, 218, t. 1591.) Compositae.

S narrower type,
stiffly hairy beneath, entire or slightly
toothed and ciliate wit i irs
Flower-heads wi pale blue ee
florets and yellow diins Horta. “China
(Berlin-Dahlem B, G.

ee Eeckhautei. (2. H. B. 1911,
Eri

icaceae. arden
Hert Pa ta A, linear ifolia and a
form o ica. e@ ee

L.
St. Denis- Waster, Belgium.) [RA
dodendro m. |

cgreng med rhs Soe (G. ¢. 1911,
xlix. 306, suppl.. ill.) Apocynaceae.
An everg

with large opposite leaves and w
fra; grant shallow eel -shapel flowers
about 4 in, across. in-China

< Ds, Sturtevant, Los caeeien Cali.
icckie ed

Begonia Balmisiana var. mitelli-
folia Cs.” Tori, 49, £, 18.
RayUitasene G. Rootstock ‘tuberous.

leaves very small, sessile; ” petiole

ong,
with a cluster of very small bulbils at
the base of each, owers pale rose,

ruits unequally winged.
Sxtea, ” (Montpellier B. Gy

oe —_ — a
, 191

China, (J. Veitch & Sons.

“Berberis —— <= B.1911,
ae 13.) 248 A

senate ss hey Sat . Young stems
densely coyered with
warty exerescences. Leaves densely

arranged in fascicles, eat em

golden-yellow, solitary or in
owered = icles, Fruit black, with
a blue . Western China, (J.
Veitch & fies 8.)

beers aoe i ma (Veitch,
uliferae

Cup H.
= debitiaa: no 2 0: , with
ovate acuminate leaves resembling
those of a Pyrus, Central and Western

hina. (J. Veitch & Sons,
Bidens , Ba ah) hybrida.

(Rk. H, B.1911, 29, £.) Compositae.

arden hybrid bet

airveanguinea (D ahlia Zimapani) and

ee lia Merckii. (Haage & Schmidt,
t.)

a melas (O.R. 1911,
Orchid

cultivation oe Gat
O’Brien.)

em F Foxil.
herb,

= B. 1911,
A

ube -. long; lobes
oblong - obovate, about 2
w.)

in. long.
Peru. (Kew :

Bougainvillea aurantiaca. Sce
yana

B. Lindle
a cee sa & Vi =

» 80.) ctaginaceae.

e hai nuns etn "with
strong ee : ves obovate-
rounded, acu ry hairy, slightly
und a argin. Bracts
rather large, elliptic, Ae apie acumi-
nate, cinnabar-colo This, of
which 2. po ae 5 ae is given
as asynonym, is said to be allied to
B. pomacea, a Brazilian hs ini rip
ments oe: is

e, but the o

erred to as a garden
ct 3 the plant is
not b stated. (Palerm G.)
merge Perce mesa — he
Ore A garde
hybrid betw: Saige
and Cattleya a ES a
(ikarloswortis & Co.)

2
s

43

ge rapt! amabilis. See B.-¢.
Vilmor

ares - wart ae ig hae apt
65.)

hybrid Psat ee tba 5 “Fragrae
and Cattleya maxima. (CO.
Brunoy, France.)

Brasso - cattleya oe
CG. 0.21911, his. R,
1911, 95 ‘ sitio hybrid
between Cattleya Motsing and #.-c.
Leeman = “M mann ’’],
(C. bP Brunoy, France.) ([Syn.
Be G. ©. 1911, xlix. 146

R.

is:
Laliwet Ya Vilmoriniana ;
75.)

pis eR EK Canari. (J. H. F.
1911, 452.) Orchidaceae.
id between Brassavola
and Laelia xanthin (6.
Béranek, Paris

Brunsdonna Sanderae alba. (4. ¢.

wi
Belladonna,
[=Amaryllis Parkeri Pathe: J

*Buddleia ee Pay G 1911,
xlix, 201, 8 840 1)
Tica ands ace aes ah = ‘8 4 high,
with densely grey-pubescent b branches,
Leaves ng-lanceolate li

oblon: inear-

te, t ok ie 4-1 in.

b densely grey-pubescent be-
neath ; petiole 23 lin. long. Flowers
in terminal crowded panicle-
a8 inflorescen 3-12 in. long.

pba ae
tral China. (J.
rnold Arboretum, Boston, U.S.A.)
ee ae ree poate
(Kh. H. 17.)
oe ag ~ 5 rele

large, ca violet, with a yellow eye.
CY. Lemo: ine & Son, Nan ancy.)

eopeyae um __ chrysocephalum

Mies , wer 60, ff. 31-39.) Orchid
A dwarf plant resembling

B. an ustifolium in habit. Pseudo-
bulbs Ath Pp 4 2 i
long, I-leaved. Leaves elliptic-ligu-
= —s in. long. uncl
~12 in. Flowers yellow,

Pineville at the tips of the se
ments, larger than in B. angustifolinm.

Probably So uth-ea stern Asi

M be

Hujempoct,
Essen, Germany.)

Tg,

sr Sole Bong seston (4.C.
1.) S. Pseudobulbs
ee

&
not of Li

= A wore

Des A an Oech Pseadobulbs
ong,

Setepyln Slap pe
col. t.)

slender, about 8 i
bro nSlarescetibe nega vet
flowers formin: or
uarters of a ci Flowers whitish
yellow, y yellow and brown-red. Late
lanceolate, about 1 om
joa, Petals ‘and lip very small.
Java; Borneo, (Breslau B, G.)

*Caladium eres aaa (B.

spat: the 5-6 in, long; tube
lade white inside,
eru. (F.

groenish-white outside,
Sander & Son w.)

3; Kew.
Calanthe me rege ae

1° 350, £. is age
Geehidaaika. = fa A

MS Cc. 1911,

een risié
rubro-oculata gigantea, (Mrs. N. C
ookson.)

(4G.

*Campanula lth Ae
1911, 1, 220, f. 104.)
ee dw:

of

g those of

the ivy. cot ena, rounded,

toothed. owers y on each

— rather ont 3 ieaxlike, purplish-
is closely allied to

t. Aoratiana bat the Plan is not so

Northern Spain, (Kew.) C. arvatica,
Lag. ] (0

Campanula longistyla va parvi-
flora. (R. H, 1911, 543, - te
col. t.) Dia Flowers sligh slightly antic

& Le Claes, Paris.) macnn SAD en

*Carpinus polyneura. (x. 2.
327, ad Copa Sie at

ete ee
tly cordate

44

Sr Juliettae. CZ. H. i911, 537.)
garden hybrid between - *

i the base, 1-23 in. long, 3-
ae toothe 2d, flat, scarcely plicate,
glabrescent above, ins downy on the
principal beneath. Central
China, (Kew

eee dg jana sibmae N. HL. P.
9.) A de-

sidia ws Leaves
5 lobed glabrous, deep ok Flowers
pale le estern China. (J.
Veitch, & Sons.)

Catasetum Cliftonii. (@. C. 1911
1, Be 911, 593.) Orchid.

L 83; 9

52.

y "Flobed

wers eenish
Lip slightly fmbrite,
or Lawrence ; Sir J. Col

be ar oar Colmaniae. (G4. @. 1911
18.) A fine yellow flower

‘ait be a oe — with deep

” (SirJ.C

—— a
crimson,

ig scurra. (0. R. 1911, 36.)
to C. Wi

nearly allied C. Wars-
Sasa and possibly a white variety
tha cies. It has a h

ction. Demerara.
F. B. Lipscomb.)

erent ee (0. a 1911, 48.)

garden hybrid
bees ree “C. or and C. amabilis.
(C. Alwyn Harrison.)

ecm — (G4. CG, 1911, xlix
GA den hybrid between
L diaiaid atta & — 0. Gaskelliana
alba, (R. G. Thwa

Cattleya ee co R.1911, 368.)
hy between 7

pe Br C. Schilleriana. cw. W
Butler,

eee Sagres (@. ©. 1911,
282.) den be

hybrid between

labi Frederickiae
c Empress tli "(Hassall &
Co.)

Mapbleys Holdenii. Ag. R. 1911, os)
rete en h tween se
1 a

fsaraite alba Be bsg C. Warner
C. J Holden.)

Sete alba a C.
CF, Lambean, Brussels.)

.

Guttleys lythamensis. (4. ¢. 1
A garden hybrid be alee!
i "Kotor Fae and a Gaskelliana.
(S. Larki

igs micans. ra ¢,1911, 1 aD
gar arden

+r

War. Sa a a Wavrin ‘erm

(Ff, Sander & Sons.)

on rer — hen
; Gt

e
(Sir Trevor goed te

Cattleya agmed rhaigd bo iO C.

1911, “an 376.) G. Flowers pure

whi a slight pink skate on the
lip, and oy otosilont shape. (Tracy’s
Nursery.)

ea Trianae brunoyensis.

ne form, violet- airy at the Inse,
valiw in the throat, (C, Maro
Brunoy, France.)

ere: nage — (4. C.
A richly-
colored ed variety, Petals flushed with

CH. S. Goodson.)

Gating versicolor. (0. W. ii. it)
G. hydrid between
es tinting nd CMa, Co tander &

ebb? vivicans. (G4. C. See
A garden hybrid heen
C PSE and ©. Fa bia, (¥, Sande
Sons.)

Be hee hypoglaucus. Shee
1911, 9.) Celastraceae
- athens species, ae the young
covered with a
Leaves jarge, cer pilicgtoeh above,
Central China.

glaucou
O. Veitch & Sons.)

*Celmisia Brownii. (Gard. ai),
274 5 — aa 1911, 610.) Composita
G. the largest-gro growing species
Leaves. petiolate, eso i 10-16 in.
jones = mentose eam

Voalind? (Kew.)

eoarage wren - MW. 1911,
10.)

l-growing species
ee cetitesbbete to linear- oblong,

AB

— —,

1-5 in. long, }-1 in. tio witha buff*

coloured tomentum ower-
heads about — across, New
Zealand. (Kew.)

as pep es te ae 1911,
: 911, 610.) G. A
ries dice hantecind species with long
lanceolate leaves, which are deep green
above a aes ilky beneath. Pe-
¢ 18 in. lon Flower-
og pore white, witha yellow
disc. New Zealand, (Kew.)
*Celmisia Mackaui. (@. M. 1911,
610, as C. Mackayi. . _ Leaves
note ee
long, 2~4 in, broad
“sf both surfaces. Fiower-heads about
in. across, with long white ray-
Hee New Zealand. (Kew.)

a Saeraye (Gard. 1911,
M. 1911, 610.)

1, 6 G. Robust
in tebe eaves narrow, almost
ae, ig lo slender
purplish Flower - heads

white, wih 9 Oiler wile New Zealand.
(Kew.)

fron eg eee (@. M.1911,
610.) wing hand-

ceolate oblong - te or
spathulate-lanceolate, 8-13 in. long,
covered beneath with tish down.
Flower-heads ut n, across.
New Zealand. (Kew
*Celmisia viscosa. (G. M.1911, at0)
Ga. A lan ca pictog like
- Primula Ss bit. sho a
Ww; ved, viscid. Piswer.

eads about | in. across, with short
ray-florets. New Zealand. (Kew.)

vont Biondi. Sey ae G. 2M, tt)

, long-
talked. "Cai tral China, (C, Sprenger,
Napiee 8.)

(mM. D. G. 1911,
As all densely gp tree,
with slender branches. Leaves oblong-

pune mostly so
China. (C. Sprenger, Naples.

Cereus eat var. melana-
canthus. (2. K.t. 127.) Cactaceae.
G. Distinguished a a variety by its

large shining black spines. Argentina.
Berlin-Dahlem B. G.)

Cl. K, 1911, 91,

Cereus Damazioi.
102.) G. Dwarf, articulate-branched,

a a

ee Joints oe or elliptic,
small, Ribs 8-11,suberenate. Areoles
rather crowded, , tomentose

colate,

inner narrowly lanc
razil, (Berlin- Dahlen B.G

Brazil, ., ete.)
Wesoperis Barklyi x Rendallii.
(@..G, 1911, 1. 382.) Asclepiadaceae.
8.4 garden hybrid. (W. EH. Ledger.)

€6202 191), k
, SS garden
- Sandersonii and C,
— rnburg, Ger-

deg ge Rothii.
K, 191

hamaecyparis Lawsoniana know-

es eet (M. D. G. 1911, 172.)
Hi: compact-growing

Sa with fern - like cres

drooping branches, den Seder &

Son, Boskoop, Holland.)

gen — vars, (R. H. 1911,
567-668.) 6: phulariaceae. H. The
follow
Sar Fee

are described :-~
a gloriosa, multi-
flora » purpurea an
Guigun, Orleans)
barbatus, Nutt., vars, ]

vf

moneda,
[ Pentstemon

(Jard. 191 oe ae itae, ?
This is 5 cine to be a cross between a
Ch hirysanthemum with single flowers
= C. cr bowen allasianum. It has greenish-
white flowers, (Cayeux & oy Clere,

i .

ee multiflorum.
, 344.) Co

hopetalum candatum. =
nes 318.) Orchidaceae, S, A dwarf
specie s with ovoid pseudobulbs borne
about an inch a on a creeping
rhizome, Leaves ovate, Scapes
scarcely: more thar 1 in. —_— Flowers
whitish, arranged in
: lateral meals ‘tail- -like,
0 the scapes. North-
Khasia Hills,

i fyreenesonns.

long, yellowish- seh “hg eae rose.
North-west Amer (T.. Smith
ry)

feta Bd oreghen var, tS
ot 67.) Ranunculac
ae ralane for the plant ‘included
in ee list of 1907 as C. 0 nder

a. M., t.

*Clematis ood eine
8395 H Allied , montana,

rs, WIC

e Vilmorin, Les Barres,
w.)

France ; Kew

1911,
It is

annie caret (G. M.
92.)

ves
en varieties, and

ual
pehcparpls flowers 4 in, across.

*Clematis Jouiniana. acer Cat.
1911-12, n. — 87. garden
hybrid between C0. ine liana ae C.
Vitalba. (Ch. “Spith, Berlin.)

warren a (G. C1
12.) An ornamental al species
wth

pals spreading, 1
late, acuminate. South Africa, ean
bri ridge B. G.)

Clitoria albiflora. (2. P. vii. 97;
Fedde, Repert. i 51.); 2
min ae. 8. dwarf climbing he
Leaves rather :

yell e and mar
by a marin yet “age in the middle

, twice as

the calyx.
atin Romaiilend.. ; CPaaekins B, G.)

grey-tomentose beneath.
biter ‘much-branched, Flower-
scarlet spine-

in, long, with

tipped proba Ags bracts.
scarcely exse
Mexico.

abla
ted, Filaments carm
(Dats tadt B. G.)

t> be a
ee hybrid Sere C. Noetzli
and C. resea, Peru. (Tracy’s Nursery.)

ag fob (0. R. 1911, 144.)
uppos

st burfordiense. (G.
1911, G. M. 1911, nS
Or vr mete me A garden hybrid

between C. asperata aan: “0. pandurata.

(Sir Trevor Lawrence.)

Conlogyae vee bth ge

a: Orchis
1911, 58, ff. 17-22

dobulbs

the Brie

Sumatra. (Glasnevin B, G.)

Colchicum Agrees var. flayum.
CG. G. 1911 Liliacea

provisi aes 2 plant differ-
ing fro Parkinsonii in
primrose - yellow flowers with rosy-
purple rkings towards the base of

the segments, Syria, (A. Perry.)

Soa aaa as @, 1911,
97.) Stems

rounded. Stape
wages 2 tt. high, Se numerous,
scattered irre r whorls, about

marg
3-lobed, white, ‘slightly Tiago’, “Java.
(Sir J. Col. man.)

Soren nce _— —_ — M.t. gre!
ies and
eahape ‘ais: ies = insedueed: An
ea a herb. Stems pros-
ndent. Leavesovate or ovate-
i-ld in, long, 4} in. broad,
8

very
pets lip ‘undivided,
oblong, spending Costa Rica. (Kew.)

we a Baldaccii. @. Hae sow 180;
Fedde, Repert. ix. 347.) Tiliacea: S.

a paren nial, woody at t the ae Eaiver
petiolate, linear-elliptic in. lon

2-24 lin, broad, s olan ride sides.
ensely ‘whitish - tomentose beneath,

47

Flowers solitary, axillary, min
Italian Somaliland. (Palermo B. @ “3

roan erty os bo (Spiith Cat.
1911-12, n, 148, 88.) Cornaceae, H.

green. Probably Hast Asia.
ce Spath, Berlin.)

are Pig age eo iy C.
A bus

creamy white, } in. across 0 ,in
numerous flat terminal clusters io

in. across ina. (Hon. Vicary
Gibbs.)

Coryanthes Balfouriana. (0.

Peru. (F. Sander &

Cotoneaster ignava. (Spiith fool
1 9

911-12, n. 148, Ro

Allied . nigra, Growths asm,
then nodding. cg ng 1

dull green above, grey - gree

reen.

Flowers edidiah- white, in
nodding clusters. Fruits purple- :
violet, as large as a pea. Turkestan.
CL. Spath, Berlin.)

Cotoneaster tee es =. D.
ISti Vis) By A deci paves
ub. Leaves ovate, ar reen

is
ered, Oaities! China, (C,
Sprenger, Naples

*Crassula globosa. (XK. B. 1911, 356.)
Crassulaceae. pmo in having
subglobose leaves, resembling small
ha rice d on uric side, arranged

about three oak on each Salar
Fiow ers vere sm white, in small
crowded heads, cae Colony, (Kew,)

Stic tal aes Uc at 1911, 357.)
ed to lobosa,

very small, sessile, in crowde
Cape Colony, (Kew.)

Bt er eae ee
(Gard, 1911, 310, . ; 1, 268,
b) : Be osaceae. H, x wratt Dy brid

tdi Crataegus Ox seca and >

ermanica, produc a
aimerent branch of the same tree from

whic - rdari was obtain It
was e years ag ant
er the n

rept of Metz und me
£ C.-m, ‘Monsieur Jules d’Asnigres.”

es byes hal atrocarpa.
1911-12, n, 148, 90.
ear. C. ‘Shlain.
with short thorns, villous branchlets,
leaves and inflorescences, an ck
fruits with green flesh, Country not
stated. (L. Spith, Berlin.)

etree Cat.
Rosaceae. H.

oe Maximowiczii. Uigath
lat, 1911-12, n. 148, 91.) H.
- C. chlorosarca in aie ae
hairy leaves and inflorescences, and
Loony fruits with green flesh vie are
ter in ripening. Manchu L.
Spath, Berlin.)

a Tropeae, (2. P. vii. 174 ;
é, Repert, ix ten Leguminosae.
ostrate annual.

linear, en’
20-flo erored es Mathes
small, ye > Wit
yellow sandnsd.
(Palermo B. G.)
bear megs (@. 0.1911,
O89, T°28.) ulaceae. H.
This is the correct wae ee the plant
included in the list of as C0,
lintfolius.

sem pe gee (@. C.1911
222.) Orchid-
Si ra ak “hybrid et Nee
rneo-Lowianum and C, +
Gis G. L, Holford.)
spore pues (G4. 6.
1911, xlix. 14.) en hybrid
betwee: Soaivedirk hy insigne
Aeedert, (J. Gurney Fowler.)
Cymbidium Gottianum. (4. ¢.1911,
Bene 180, f. 81; @, M, 1911, 222.)
garden hybri id between (.
cram and 0, oot ee (F. Sander &

Cymbidium foe hie gl (eo.
1911, hi bonsai f. — A garden

hybrid Lniiamem and
C. aes c. h & Sons.)
feya fg ot a. O. 1911, xlix.
eM 1911, 188 f.]

- Cymbidium Lawrenceanum. See C.
Pauwelsii.

Cymbidium Pauwelsii. (@, ¢. 1911
xlix, 108) @. x gates hybrid

48

Cymbidium Veitchii.
leyense.

“ont. Curtisii

es

between C. insigne and C. Lowianum
concolor h, Pauwels & Co., Meirel-
bebe Ghent) {Syn. C, Lawrenceanum ;
G. M. 1911, 169.]

See C. lang-

Cypripedium Beyrodtianum.

hidaceae. 5.
=i Cote hybrid.

orded. Siam, (O. Beyrodt, Marien-
felde, Berlin.)

x vexil-
rium
garden hybrid. (A,
Sons.) ( Dapbiopeditum|
Cy

mig

.

ayer oer (G.C.

arden hybrid
C year and =
in wacbek Harefield oe variety. (Th
Pauw: & Co., irelbeke, Ghe nt.)
[ Paphsopediluor "

oe ee (4. €.

C. grittlelonense.) S.
A garden aybed between (, Stevensii
urtisii, (Lady Audley Neeld.)
{ Paphinpediterm. J

a Héchbergianum.
(1. — 256, f.) A garden
h bei between CO. Mastersianum and
_ slaucaphyllun (Frankfort Palm

Garde en.) [Paphiopedilum.]

——
lianum.
distinct pa
greenish-yellow, suffused ida reddish-
brown on the basal half, white at the
apex. (Lager & Hurrell, Summit, NJ.
U.S.A.) [ Paphiopedi ium. J

insigne Hurrel-
8.

insigne lLagerae.
Dorsal sepal red-

¢
of the blotch, mar
white, ‘Paget & Hurrell.) { Paphio-
pedilum

a

Sige luteum. (G, @. 191

5: O R, 1911, 221.) i
8-12 high,

Stem erect, 8 2. in,

covered with a ad curly brown
pubescence. or 6 each
stem, subsessile, ovate, 2 . long,

kg
ll

vai

a iy een Eh

a slight y re P

AE in. Boy BAER. in, broad, Cen
Western China, (Arno

stam Boston, USA:

Cypripedium mancunium. (4. C.
1915, 1. 408 8S. <A garden hybrid
betw = Me ‘itarvisianun superbum and
Cd. - Cromble-
ee Sey eee J

fdt snap sg Pomme (G. OL 1911,

402, tg sebecte ween
; jatar —_ Couk
“Corona.” (RK, L. ees [ Paphio-

pedilum.]

88 ——— (G0.
“ice ry A garden hybrid

pee
[ Paphionedilum J

Cypripedium Sete See Pa-
phiopedilum Sladdeni

Py peApedine SC aia (B. MM. t.

207.) H. This has

been in oat for several years,

=e ed with C. oe ae

ae and C. nbergii. hi

latter name it i a included in the list
of 1908, Japan

Datura alba var. africana. (B. P.

calyx, an ry being
glabrous oe Ttalian Scnidifiand,
PPaiatm B, G.)

“Deinanthe caerulea. (2. Mt. >
: new speci
neluded in the list of 19 1903

is deeply conical in the super
ntral China. (H. J. Elwes.)

crane h Tee (@. €.1911

“roa gh wi
i va ; Sumatr
Lawrence.

Den Sea pgs a
A9t1, xlix

to
(Sir Trevor

(G. C.

mes 7 long, with 8 = 2
fragrant white? flowers speckled w

purple on the Sepals Gotals
6-8 lin. long. Lip with a very short
apiculate lobe. S ailey,

ensl. Flora, 1527, Queensland.
ce.)

Queens
(Sir Trevor Lawrence

49

Dendrobium Faulhaberianum.
(Orehis, 1911, 58, 9.) Allied
Sie sero P aaves

iit An tire aor nad # in, lon ip
shortly clawed, with the blade con-
porate Po uadrate at the d
slightly 3-lobed above the middle, } in.

ong. ainan. Goldschmidt,
Essen, Germany.

se hg 2 bait ae (0. R.1911,
39.) introduction from

ja Morn 0 be the the
rel po ta ted D, aurantiacum,
Rehb. f. in @. C. 1887, ii. 98.

ee eck pong (G. €.1911,

8S. A garden Bap d be-

ae 9. Wiganiae and D, Thwaitesiae.
(R. G, Thwaites.)

yet deed See (G4. C.
1911, x i

ood.” (Mrs, N, Cookso

sa pe sae Col-
ma Gy SaRY; 1 Patek
yaaa form. (W. R. Lee.)

Deadrabiam moane haces. 4G. 6. a Jail,

r nearly orbicular, with a distinct
apiculus, LOGE not stated, (F.
Sander & Sons.)

Dendrobium undulatum Broom-
field me ae. R.1911, =e 8. Flowers
pa nish - yellow and rather
eg ahaa in the type. Northern

ustralia, (Sir Trevor Lawrence.)

Deutzia crenata Corer (R. H.
4011, HF, 8. Hy A
garden Soa foe Sawn D . erenata

— aad gueine (R.
1911, 118.) Ag a hye ‘a
tween “D. satis aia ea brid of D
Lemoinei, (V. Lem iat Sein, Meany

Deutzia discolor excellens. (R. H.
1911, 118. H. A garden hybrid
be’ D., discolor Edens and

een,
D. Vilmorinae, CY, Lemoine & Son,
Nancy.)

Bayiais Pg abe (CM. D. &, 1911,
f the finest Deutzias.
Senses tanioee la i e, 23-32 in. long,
rather thick, whitish beneath. Flowers
similar to those of D. discolor var.
purpurascens, in — loose and broad
pan Seb: Western China. ak.
Arbore Bote &
Hesse, Wack: Hantwer:)

181.) iviineas.

is hybrid tater Cattleya

Mendelii and Diacrium bicornutum.
(Ff. Sander & Sons.)

tel deo leeks Ce ey
290,
a Ke

*Dissotis plumosa. (4. M. 1911, 644.)

Tr atcat “Africa, (Kew.

Dombeya Coria. nies H, 1911, 84,
col. t.) Sterculia G. tall
tree. Leaves cordate’ ve pic tt
n.
unequally toot or eventtate
glabrous chang sash beneath,
. ne -lik os mo as
long as Tadvel Flow
across, fi saubider pedicels, as cone
Madagascar. (Paris B. G.)

Dracaena a _Warneckii.
(4, C. 1911, 1. 17, f. 15; GM. a
516, 523, 1)
about 1 ft.

Tro ical Africa, “(Berl - Dahlem
B.G.; J. Veitch & comey

Echeveria sgn nme! tay G. 7.1911,
: y

75, £, 9.) Chiefl
of’ ne Sites rather
lax, few-leaved ves

sage aguas with a ——

tint. Flow orked, bearin
14-16 fetenage whens are righ redish
above and paler Mexi

stadt B.

roadly
Ho Saks rounded or truncate at the
apex, apiculate, igang in oe
Siren taslae iow "SD
ye _ outside. "yale rrtchow
Mexi . (Darmstadt B. G.)

Echin eeeeee Girkeanus. (i. xX.
191), 132, £) or
scarcely iy in. high, at first simple,

Tw: ingly proliferous. Ribs
9, with chin-like glaucous tube
8 , all radial, unequal, 24-6 lin.

90

in. long and almost 13 i
Bolivia, (HE. Heese, Gr. -Lichterfelde,
Berlin.)

KEchinocactus horizonthalonius var.

and the middle one very m at-
tened. Mexico. (R. Gr preaatior, Perle-
berg, Germany.)

ep etn! Sah (i. K.1911
19.) “peel Breen essed:

about 3 in. long. Spines about
very unequal, 5-10 lin. long. Flo wers
yellowish-white, 12 in, long, } in.
across, var _famished with small
green finely c scales. Mexico.
(EF. De Laet, Contich, Belgium.)

Echinopsis Eyriesii ~ eee.
Ct. G.

red fi :
Sai Ems katter, Magdeburg, Ger-
any.)

ane i var. wh ge
tiniensis. (J. K. 1911, 188

G.

Tita pnishad fr om the by e
dark grey-green colour of the
one vba is elongated-globose

or Senet CY:
fetid nearly always 7. Argentina.

a ae if 2
1911, 78.) rchidaceae.
scrialk Nybai id Segen Epidend
nemorale and Cattleya Wa pasanesis
(Gigas). (Sir Trevor Lawrence.)

a oe (G. C.

1911, xlix, 8 08.) G. A garden hybrid
ttleya Mendelii and Hpiden-

“ai mee iacum. (2. Wolter,

Meds ats Germany.)

ee a = Bes, *
40.) Close ely

chiefly in the our of the flowers.
Se an light salmon colour,
with greenish tips to - forme

-yellow, with
distinotly velvety. Colombia: (Mansell
& Hatcher.)

Olgae alba. _(@. @. 1911,

Eremurus
1. 87; G. M. 1911, 556.) nae ee

me ee Setoniialba. See E. Olgae
alba.

Eria lanata.

= Z pee A, C. 1911
mall
Erica a -
Ericac

*Euptelea

Bf a Ped age

(4, D. G,1911, 423.) H. Branches pen
dulous eae at first golden, after-
wards golden-green, :
, Oudenbosch, Holland.
os ie goose (a ¢ 1901,
66, 253, ff. 32-33, tae Or,
TT 328.) iferae The

Fagus sylvatica aureo-pendula,

51

(King’s Acre
Seats)

Nurseries,

(6. C. isit, liz. 142.)

rchidaceae species

with spikes of piel wen flowers

hairy on the outside. i ima-

ya. (Mansell & Hatcher.) [In

ook, f. rit. Ind. ¥. 801, this

plant is tr a variety of L. flava,
in

er lip
the midlobe car with "thickened
nerves on the dise, |

, 1. 95.)
species bearing

itis fiowars vith. eee and yellow

lip. India, (Sir Trevor Lawrence.

Li. And
ni

a
Cornwall.
CP. ie Williams, )

Davidiana. (Veith,
Not. P1911.) Trochodendraceae

n
Flowers insignificant, Wentacn China,
(J. Veitch & Sons.)

ES BA9ii330,)

Cup mall] decidu uous
sree't oe bah, silky natcy ¢ on the branch-
Leaves oval, sigs or so) jometimes

Se
of
5
ao
°.

pe ‘of a new genus which is ceed
allied bee Libocedrus an
Tree g 40
glabro Foliage
¢ "branchlet-aystems, -bear
branch tripinnately aiviaed, the
in one plane, Leaves
in 4 ranks, resembling those of Libo-
cedrus macrolepis in general appear-

E

mce. Cones similar in shape to those
of Cupressus Lawsoniana, but larger,
Seeds very unequally and laterally
2-winged. Fokien, China, (H. Clinton-
Baker.) [Syn. Cupressus Hodginsii,
Dunn. | ‘

“Fraxinus nie bane (Veitch,
N. H. P.191 eg: ©

C onto China. "Oo. Veitch & Sons.)
(Spath Cat.
form of

*Fraxinus gg armen
7.)
(L.

gm 12, n. 148 H.
F, Bungeana vith small leaves,
Spiith, Berlin.)

*Fraxinus Spaethiana. (Spith Cat.
1911- Ww, 148,39 H. <A new

_ Country not known ; possibl

Freesia hace oe crebaotee cs o.
911,

as eas
nii, por “thei eir Latta
F.

Obtain aon ce ota aaa

F, Leichttin and

vatiction, wit rmstrongii,

(Bruggemann, Villefranche-sur-Mer,
ce.)

as oer ae G aU = a

react a an nd. oR aeuee rah
W. Kershaw, Wahroonga, New
Can Wales.)

pee gee wes. Fiat
H.

YF feasips = wae
Stila, bilan 76 yellow jong
(M, Herb, Naples.)

*Fritillaria Zahni. (Jard. 1911, 365.)
H. ers campanulate, rather ‘lar
brown tessellated with green inside,
streaked with yellow outside. Greece.

(M. Herb, Naples.)

yellow

Ginkgo biloba var. i as H.
1911, 83, f. 24.) erae, A
iety "distin ig
b leaves, Smid slightly lobed in
the middle, hat undulate
the margin. near Metz, Ger-
many.)
Ore biloba var. a
. H. 1911, 82, f. 23.) H. Leaves
and more ‘elongat than those

of "the typical form, m
in the cpr heey more or less laci-
B.G.)

niate, (Pari

ongars Tracyana.. (G. C. 1911, xlix.
idee 180, 235 ; K. B. "1912,

133.) “Oichi
spon tbe

ry small, Lip

peer Le rgg vengumies (G4. 0.
M, 1911;

‘ DS ro oreo, "G. Ditte rs from

_ the type by its denser greree and
more atone 1 foliage. (R. B. Leech.)

*Haberlea Fesdinapai - spoherai
CG. 0. 1911, xlix. 338 ay
sig ‘Gesneraceae i
to H, rhodopensis in habit of grow
el tubular, violet-rose outside,
lavender Oe the mouth, white in the
throat.

Bulgaria. (G, Reuthe.)
Helianthus ap oa pur-
R aks. (@. @. 1911, xlix, 201.)
aes H. Described as a new

. race of hybrid sunflowers, with ray-
florets brary ing: in colour from se
pink to deep purple, straight and flat

. ot twisted and pointed. (M. Herb,

Naples.)

ee Pinion var. ee
Fedde, Repert

ers from

shorter peduncles,

smaller pe corolla, much eeavter

yx, an ule. Italian
Somaliland, (Palermo a

Benicia or alist

M,
6. ye ir’ 271.) Orchi
Resembles = Driohlebiriitans:
orescence

(@. G 191
1911, ot, P?
8

in

introduction ;
Si onTEyCHi nia ten See G. C.
Tees 611. (Charlesworth & Co.

hp eee eee Ps D, @, 1911,
H. Shrub,

$8). ft ravi long-stalked,
oblong, “6 in . long, peesacs uminate,
alm: ost plabriiia Hea flowers
t, in. eae vin blue

fertile flowers in the mid é, sur-
rounded by whi in.

across. :
Arboretum, Boston, U.S.A. ;
Hesse, Weener, er.)

“Impatiens Herzogii. (2. a. t. 8396.
Geraniaceae. 8. Gary“ meatiae to ?

52

Hawkeri, but easily
through being quite gla
having vermilion-co eee instead of

ark red flowers. are 14-21 in.
across. Now Guinea, tGiaecvin B. “G. 3
Kew.)

distinguished
abrous, and in

ee cana Stcingg
ybri

balieoaay
i. platypetala and I, Herzogii. w.)

(Kew

ey lutea. <3 = A : oe
ny Bignoniac H.? Her
L

Corolla-tube
ote: a canckse limb 2 i
pale yel South-west
(Bees, tia)

n. across,
China,

—— a (B. - 0. =
lyulaceae,

nulate, orange-
red, Italian
Somaliland, (Palermo B, G.)

ate hoot La Sp — é. one,
62.) daceae A

a4. Rhizome slender. Stem
15-18 in. long, simple, with 1 or 2
reduced leaves, inear, 15~
18 in, long, 4
flowered ; valv een, 2-3 in. long.
Flowers very k -purple
with golden lines, very velvety ; outer
segments ve: ge, 3 in. long, with
an obo narrowly
oblanceolate. Western China. (Miss
Willmott ; W. R. Dykes.)

— = — (@. @. 1911, 1. 352.)
a

from J, ‘flavese ens, to

which it it nae referred, in bit,

and its spathes instead of being wholly
searious tirely

ca
and of a curious mem
Leaves bright ise ibheet. em sec a

glaucous bloom, ew ones
obtuse and with a conspicuous white
edge. Ste ore in,

Iris tingitana Sergei (R. H.

1911, 188.) Bis 7 ete
e

nts suffused re al with

pale blue, and the inner deep violet-
blue ; elas bright yellow. (Rivoire
& Son, Lyons.)

er eb ea alba. (G. G. 1911, 1.

few at veins o e same colour.
y kes.)

CW. R. D

J so pena dpe rrene ae of 2 esr

Waterloo, Kasi, U.S.A.

*Kennedya Beckxiana. (2. M.

climbing _ perennial

he bas
South-western Australia.

Laelia Canari. (R. H. 1911, 483.)
Orchidaceae, G. A garden hybrid
between L. Dig tt Soba and L. zanthina,
(C. Béranek, Pari

Laelia mee (0. R. avi 2. ) ie:
re Erp By brid betw:
and Z, "tae & se
ha iesnn France.)

— — (G. G. 1911, 1. mi

den hybri twee ae Fe

Grandia en eaves and ZL. majalis. (Dr.
Hodgkinson.)

ee erie oF Sener (0. W.
A garden

hybrid hocwraae: Sane bicolor =
L.-c. callistoglossa. (F. Sander
Sons.)

Laelio-cattleya see (G. C.
1911, xlix. 376; 223.) G.
shea garden nyérid” aon Laelia

innabrosa and

- (Liverpool Orchid } Nursery Co 3

Laelio-cattleya Davidsoniae. (4. C.
1911, 1, 282.) G. A garden hybrid
igs etween

0.
labiata. é. H. Davidson.

-cattleya Denganii. (4. ¢.
er ate a ry eon, 900) =,@.

53

, A garden hyheig be pores: L-c, Cappei
. and Cattley (F. Welles- -
y.)

Laelio - wera ds Se ee
1911, 45.)
rid between ditto sapale gee

?
Iraslia lobata, (J. Ginot, St. Etienne,
e.)

“oun, 306) te en i H.

d be-
n Laelia calls ‘aa Cattleya
pteridine ima. Lambeau, Brassels.)

ap iene he obit erty iP Bhan
n hy-
brid’ La Fig oS purpura and
L.-c. Pallas. (i. Welles

a, Bac bal bog chet ee

191;

4 Wei i 23.3 om aA oe io hybeid’
(Sir serge Lawrence.)

lacie aes eer (@, ¢. 1911,

462. A garden hybrid between

i. -¢, Volta " ad asi Lrianae,
(Tracy's Nursery.)

ae Harrisoniae. (0. a
348.) A garden hybrid be-

ives Tovlias ‘vanthina and Cattleya
Loddigesii. (C. Alwyn Harrison.)

era Tig Le geyser (4. C.
A garden hybrid
eens Zackie Dithiana and Cattleya
aurea, (Stuart Low 3

“oui tor), a! got (7. 2,

een Lac rn and TCattiege
Hardyana, (¥. lambeau, Brussels.)

LBaNi = peice ee ag iae.
. 333 ; ¢ 1911,

411, 3, ee a hybrid
between L.-c. Pallas and ia Jase
satoks. “E. Wellesley.)

©. R.
hybrid

acho L. purpurata es 7, -c, Can-

hamiana, (C. ¥, Karthaus, Potsdam,

Berlin.)

ac pavers ee
55.)

regs cattleya | "ga ig ree
. F. 1911, 258.)

nee rey Steppestediana,
(0. li. 63. A garden i
lade Cattle oy Luddemannia
L.-c. Andromeda, (Cte. J, de Bini:
tinne, St, Denis, Ghent t.)

Laelio-cattleya TES Gs A garden
(4G.

hybrid
Cnttleya ghee. (i. 9. Clark.)

Laelio-cattleya Vilmoriniana. See
Brasso-cattleya Vilmoriniana.

— Petersiana. (2. mM.
89.) :

ig : :

elliptic, 3-44in. long, 1}-2i road,
leathery, finally glabrous, Panicle
pedunculate, bearing nume sessile
flowers in clusters at tips of its
branchlets. pone Pete “ager ;
tube slen 4 i b

long; lim
5-lobed ; lobes ghiotie'o or car Tala
§-3 in. long. East Africa, (Kew

— arenpbytla. a M.+.8404,)

LL. Le choad

in ene Remar ‘aves longer calyx-

teeth, and orange-yellow eae than

scarlet Soe South Africa, (Cam-
bridge B, G.)

“Yoram, yt ene multi-
orum. (G. @. 1911, 1. 237, f. 109.)

Ol H, ven ree-flowering
variety. "a. A, Bowles.)

— ne ema (Veitch,
N. H. P, ec 9.) Hamamelid daceae.

I, rit e with handsome
deep green 8-lo) eaves. It is the
Feng T oof Sachas a — use its

wood for or mak

China
Japan ; Vormcsn G. Vale & Bonk}

Lavine vourouwisns. oa H. B
28.) S. A new pa eat

ak vos, nes nbling thaws of

Latania “ ~ nica, Country not
ta (J. De Cock,)

*Lonicera eh (B. M. t. 8375
ayaa liac Closel alli :

on aes eto mid, i lim!

b. Leaver oblong - tanseoliie
in. Sar br

Peduncles 2-flowe wz 3-3 in. Sem
the axils of the up ost leaves.
Corolla 2-lipped, cream-yellow, pink
and orange-yellow ; t bo in.
long, glabrous Pip de ; lip

*Lonicera —— a 1911, 1
_ 102, 312; M. 1912, 819.) "He
vergr oak £6 i i
very neat habit ;
13 oF in iaeas as hoes pedis at ire,
- obtuse, su te at the
base, shining and dark green above,

54

very — bi oe Flowers in pairs,
small, m-White, fragrant. Fr

2 eZ

0
iv. var. yunnanensis, Rehder.
ieee ergy ceontdagiie = - 1911,
> i. G. ose or
cylindric - ec ee very reeranies

long, yellowish-carmine. wo _
are recognised : i. bre weeieea with t
spines only }- -1 lin. long, and f. ing
spina , with cen he spines 4 lin, lon

Mexico tadt Se,
Graessner, Parledérey, Germany.)
Mammillaria Seideliana. CM.

6
1911, . Stem globose or
shortly cylindric, about 3 in. high, at

ng, 2 in. across, Mexico.
Seidel” Magdeburg.)

Maxillaria A ad PUL ett
1911, 105, f.13.) Orchidaceae, S. A
very free - ce 8 es Leaf-

blade oblong, 10 in. long, 33 in. broad,

rker een above, pale
argin, with a pale transparent
midrib ; petiole 7 in. long. lowers
ng, 3 d, pper-

Country not
(Heidelberg B. G.)

we stuetyne tn oss x grandis.
CG. 2, £14.) Papaveraceae.
Say ious np Eek. (R. H. Beamish.)

goer a < .
1941, -1.

nya mA nore ae M, oes oe

M. major, (La Mortola, Ventimiglia,
Ttaly.)

oe pia Mes A, %
57.) Sabi

deeply 2- > lobed. Stamens

i eae or 2-lobed, 2-3 lin.
Western China. (J. Veitch &
Sina)

“Peseabrysnthomnm a cempay

(K. B&B, 1911, 357.) Ficoideae.
Differs f m in oe
equal thicker and tish leaves,
shortly pedunculate flowers, Pees
5-lobe Petals in 2 or 3 rows,
inear, 3-3 in. long, pale rose, Little
Namaqualand, (Kew.)

oculatum.

rs ae bass se
(K 13.) new species
: geist sae differing in

etals in many loose rows, the cutee
5 lin. long, linear, South Africa.
(Kew.)

antiga Boeke Tony
ba (Kk. 1, 82.) A new
near a ‘abit es, ak easily
Tececcuhed by its Jarger leaves and
flowe and by the yellow petals
having in the middle on both sides a
red line. Leaves crowded in a rosette,
trigonous-oblong, 1-2 i om long. Flowers
ser or in pairs, 1} in. across,
Pe numerous, rm "2 rows. South
Africa Kew.)

one Here (R, H. 1911, 264;

220.) Coshidanih 8.

Miltonia vey bat tar C
191], 1. 282.) rs very fine
Lip ’ white with @ : patate blo toh.
(Mansell & ‘hashes, )

— picta.

sarees
; GM. 1911,
a

white front. Porn odie & Co.)

Montanoa Wercklei. (4. ¢. 394,
. 122.) Compositae.

M. grandifora

ft, to: bran
Leaves or unequally pinnate
or trifoliate, 8-1U in, long and br
more or less cordate at the base, softly

pubescent ; leaflets not more
1} in. long, usually much smaller ;
petioles 6-7 in. long. Flower- heads

in broad c os (La
Mortola, Ventimiglia, Italy.)
24566

‘Nymphaea —— rosea.

55

Narcissus cyclamineus < minimus.
(GC. 1911, xlix. 158.) Amarylli-
daceae. A garden hybrid, (E. A.
Bowles.)

a Sa ogee se (4. 6.
1911, 55.) Fili 8. A
new poner oe diteincdon. (E. 7
Batchelor & Sons.)

acca oes meer au a vom

ok med © exaltat
ir Marshaiii, with very finely divided
fronds which resemble a layer of moss,
. B. May & Sons.)

Nerine arg (G. ©. 1911, 1. ats
Gard. 1911, 486, f.) Ami arylli

Flowers 2} in. gee wi urv
segments. South Africa, (R. Veitch
& Son = N. Bowdenii pallida.)

greenish- grey, with fine reddish lines.
Lip white, with sie dots and blotches.

Cameroons. (Baron M Fiirsten-
berg, Hugenpoet, Mintard, Germany.)
Rymphnee Listeri. (G. ¢. 1911,

G. mM, 1a 911; 4.) Nymphae-

“ my . Al nzibariensis.
Flowers deep beh ee aged
blue stamens.

country not stated. nCtacl of Wa Warwick)

cent and
Pleat flower, fay im 91 hes across,
and of a lovely pale sliadts of helio-
trope.” (Earl of Warwick.)

aa hag oe at eae (@. €.1911,
44.)

Nymphaea pomatyivanes. (a. @
es pale blue

a gar en
hybrid between JN. ¢ d N,
zanzibariensis, t tanic
Garden of the Univers rsity of Penn-

ok eg where it first flowered in
1901

(G4. C.
1911, 1. 244.) Flowers clear pink,

with a co ly centre. (L. de Roths-
d.)

Odontioda ther (GG. 1911,
xlix 1911, 154, f. 19.)

Ohakilasens. ‘ee A garden hybrid
B

between O, Vuylstekeae and Cochlioda
_Noetzliana, (W. Bolton.)
Giontoia wloryl. (@. C. 1911, xlix.
141, den hybrid between
Aid aes an ontoglos-
sum Andersonianum. (H. 8. Goodson.)

— <psr (9. W. i. 83; O. R.

garden hybrid
Howtstiake ant
(F. Sand

rl Cvehiio ha
: glossum tripudians.
& Sons.)
gga a @. é. 1911,
rden nee
between ‘Baontgtanim’ po
hlioda

“(Mansell & Hatcher.)

Alex-
‘Noeteliana.

ee ae a ee (6.6.
1911, xlix, 301 140; @.

di
Odontoglossum triump
wshay.)

Odontocidium Fowlerianum. (4. ¢.
1911, 1. 343 ; G, MW. 1911, 878 f.; O. RB.
1911, » 353.) Ore hid - gar rd
hybrid between Odontoglossum cirr-
hosum and On so Forbesti, (J. G.
pokes

ontoglossum aeelansoese. 2. z.
Ont PAS Orchi
hybrid between 0. ta Riwardie iat 0.
onti, (R. Ashworth.)

toglossum Eee
G@. ©. 1911, xlix. 142.)
cre between

cor

Odontoglossum cri
eee —_ 0 Lgrinines
ure

Pp’ ite, bearin large
- distri tributed claret - col
qiheboe, (J. & A. A. McBea: tes oured
Odontoglossum Godmanii.
Got.
1911, xlix. 46; G. M. 1911, aS &.
A A garden hybrid between 0. Edwardii
) O. Rolfeae. (F. Du Cane God-
Odontoglossum Halseyanum um. (4.0,

H
1911, xlix. 46; Gard, me 65, f,
A garden hybrid of un Se

resembles a "fine ly bl tober
nely blo’
form of 0, eri

Sewier.) ispum. (J. Gurne

Odontoglossum Harwoodii.
1911, xlix. 78, 98, f. 51; 0.
;£.)°G: i

ihe C.
- 4911,

0. Wiganianum an
auriferum. (Charlesworth & Co.)

Sg oo eee Ye —
52.) den hybrid
mia 0. Pugics aia ‘aad O. Har fond
anum, (Mansell & Hatcher.)

es ee Mariae. (4. €.1911,

G@. M. 1911, 106.) G. A
between 0. Uroskinneri
(Charlesworth

poet ybrid
and 0. Paaiianaarthtt
& Co.)

Odontoglossum ramos- naptabebbeis

CGC. F917, ce 269. A garden
hybrid between O. ramosissimwm and
0. Rdwardii. “(Sit Trevor Lawrence.)

*Odontoglossum ges is
(4. C. ans xlix:.46, 163, f. 733202,
‘ 122, f.) 6. arden hybrid oe

ween 0. rryanum and
auiaivin. (de B. Crawshay.)

Odontoglossum Rossianae
(CG. C, 1911, xlix. 269.)
Flowers cream- yellow, spotted with
chocolate-red, (H. Graire, Amiens.)

AAT swietenicolor.
206,

6. Vu uylstekei. (Sir Trevor Lawrence.)

a tee gah viet. fine |
28.) arden — be-
ween 0, Bae See a
Veeyietohek CW. Thompson.)

*Oenothera ag Soles (G4. C. Jol xlix.
418, f. 190.) Onagraceae. H. Clo sely
ati to =, tarenaaifalta,
leaves are almost entire,

California. (M. Prichard ; Kew

Olearia angustifolia. (@. 0. 1911,
xlix, 52.) Compositae. H. H. A

stout shrub or small tree, white-to-
-mentose on the branches, underside of
leaves, and pedu e,

spiny on i)
14-2 in. across; ray-florets white ;
disc florets = le N
(Glasnevin

*Olearia ecg Se (4. °C.
1911, xlix. 52.) elanoeot i)

small tree. aaa elipti-tan
or oblong-lanceolate,

var. .

quite entire, green above, = with
a fawn-coloured tomentum eath ;
petiole rather : Tlowercheads
small, white, large erect clusters.
New Zea land. (Glasnevin B. G.)
*Olearia FacUnOse. (G,> G--391,
. 52, . H. A stout shrub or

corymbose mass
Zealand. (Glasnevin B. G.)
bea ee Sr @. 1911, xlix.
53.) t shrub or small
tree. ine elliptic ovat or orbi-
cular-ovate, 4-6 clothed

ab:
dso, 14-1} in. across, dark Pras.
stout terminal ra s 4-8 in
awe Zealand, (Capt. Doetlan-Beaitie:
Glasnevin B. G.)

57

“Oncoba, tag war 4
xlix,

= Cc. 1911,
sgh & suppl. ill. ;
. & Shra

: ternate,
shortly stalked, elliptie-oblong or ob-
long, 24-44 in. long, 14-2} in. broad,

8. Ps yg

(Cc. Shea, 0.. 8

esustsiiga ei; G. “tall, ak 226, 285;

. M. 1911, 277, 301, f. (as O.

var. Routle “ages i]

Be eve — Felask K. 1911, “4
bout 3 ft. hig

Moston Sa on
or spreading, 0
10-12 in. lon

Nat. Herb, xiii, 309, t. 55.
(Haage & Schmidt, Erfurt,

*Olearia odorata. ce. as ae, aoe - Senee granite te (K. B ;
53.) Hor He Leaves

Zealand, (Sir J. Ross.)

Riese eae ta AG 7A = ape
53.)
ee igwer heads, — time ars bait

narrow, 2-3 in. long.
fe Seated. (Glasnevin B. G.)

seed virgata. (G4. C. 1911, ~

D
opposite or in opposi
Flower-heads small,
New Zealand. (Glasnevin B. G.)

Oncidium concolor var. ry A.
(O. R. 1911, 1) ra G,
Differs from the = ha
upper part of the nd
the margin of the iain red. (Tracy’s

um Janssenii. (0. R. 1911,
310, "316,) G. A garden 1 foeey be-

een QO. tigrinum and O. Forbesii,
(Charlesworth & Co.)

ayes Mulleri. (G4. €.1911, =
333; @. M.1911, 413.) G. Allie

ov:
peop with a cream-yellow ae
Peru. (F. Sander & Sons.)

ta,
vate-orbicular, 3-1 in.
(Kew.)
Osmanthus armatus. Bes Bi
1. 113, f, 54.) Oleaceae.
shrub or small
oblong-lanceolate, 3-6 in. long or more,

3-1} in. broad, coarsely toothed ; teeth
tria , with very slender spiny
ti ves smaller an
prickly; petiole j-jin. long. Flow

- nt, 3 in, across, i

axillary fascicles produced in autumn.
Central China. (J. Veitch & Sons.)

Paphiopeds!um preoretureat 2. i.
gerdon ‘nybe Sam sca Pe glance

bellatulun (Cc. »
Siadden, Lite) ae Ae 'ypripedinn

po, Be (SEL I

Paulownia nation nae? (M. D. G.

_ 242.) Ser

with seem brown-woolly
ith of the

China, (C, Sprenger, Naples.)

*

*Pentstemon arizonicus. CL. G. Z.

1911, 301, £.) e
Adensely tufted plant, with glandul
ry stems about 10in, high. Radical

pear long-petiolate, elliptic, Sood
ssil

; nate

Fiewers aatiinciaiy, sees reddi
. violet, paler on the underside, bearded
and white -striped an the lower lip
inside, Arizona. (Darmstadt B. G.)

sh-

Philadelphus gape var,
rascens. (I. A G. de
245.) Saxifragaceae

guished by its purple alias gov
calyx. Western China, ae

Home Woe Boston, U.S.A

eener, Hanover 7

PhiadolphusSch a to J rt
27.)

tinguished rom the te by the sates
a the = ag and —— at
more hairy.

Cor
N sakes Chine, (Arnold ivontean,
Boston, U.S.A.)

(B. M. t.
nels ea
allied to P. arctitldaie and P,

termedia, but oe from both
oy late, not urn- shaped,

holly ‘white corolla, and in
having the goes more than twice
ge itece Sage pn mall anthers. North
(Ke

re —
05.) Ericaceae.

_ America

Picea alba x a (M. D. G.
a 823.) Coni H. (Herr
n Grass, Klanin, one

Picea orientalis atrovirens.
(M. D. @.1911,172.) H. Distinguished
H. den

by its dark green leaves
Ouden & Son, Boskoop, Holland. 5,
*Pinguicula Rosei. (¢. c a, xlix.

82, 292, f, 12) Lentibulariacea
This di

wers. ch ar

— or almost blue, and are

1} in, across. Mexico, Ww

Pinus Cembra columnaris.
1911, 474.) Coniferae.

with erect branch: (i. H aoe
ranches, 11
Moorende, Bremen.) cs Tag.

Pings edulis albo -

variegata.
M. D. G. 1911, 438.) H. A form in
Se gic 1 sg.ore misod wei
green o am ‘oa

mes,
Wendisch- Wilmersdorf, German
sare te
xxxvi. f;

f von Hokwperin,
rmany.)

(J. R. ff. 8,
pegaes Sa ea between Bravoa
eniniflora sng se esataine form of

(RH.

58

Polianthes tuberosa, (Bliss, Orping-
ton.)

Polypodium i (J. aH
1911, poe Filic
crested for tP. oavekih: cw. A
Manda, South Sania N.J., U.S.A.)

t 7 las
enn ae vue long-acuminate, serrate
Gentil China. (C. Sprenger, Naples.)

—o =

Werth, AN: A, 2

Thos ae ‘ne secies with a

general resembance to P. Ethers
but easily eee ichoo by its

white flo An evergreen s iy ei

£ Cc. 1911,
igll, 4, f.)

luding pe
3 in. ioe ng, 8 iry 0
Flowe ers asually solitary,
3-14 in. across. ntral China, (J.
Veitch & Sons.)

*Primula Beesiana. (G4. C. zou, |
Primulace

red. ti, 2-3 ft.
high, densely covered on the upper
Ww = lowers in

who 2, slightly drugeent.

e, 24-5 lin. long. Corctia-limb
shout 4 i in, across. South-west. China.
(Bees, Ltd.)

Satie es rita ie ee G aol

Vara. ar P, Tits iongonill but -
has more orb bicular leaves, thinner

long. Flo in an umbel, ol
urple. Calyx gradually tapering
the t canals SS West

Chi (Miss Will

oe. act (@. M. 1911,
683.) A garden hybrid -of which
= ania is not recorded has
n flowers with a purplish-
or aan oie: "(R. Lindsay.)
Primula Maximowiczii. (B. M
earest allied to P. tan:

. Leaves all
narrowly elliptic or. oblong:
13-6 in. am A . in. cna et
Seape stout, 8-12 in. es

orl or several whorls of flowers.
Coes tube 3-2 in. long
across, with oblong pelionted lo
Northern China, (J. Veitch & Sons.)

Primula Watsoni. @. B. G. Edinb.
¥. 63, t. 61.) H.

renate except at base.
Flowers sessile, 3-23

estern China. (Edin-

ee ge coseee ig e C. 1911, xlix,
H,

yellow eye; tube
ed in. across; lo
Hi BS res Gill & Bon’
itd ieteornte B detag es (B. M.t
A distinct new
P. linearis in habit.
4 ft. hig

Smith ; Kew

—s ere wes Foca sa
(mM. , 423.) Rosa
Leav ‘ wh ye ica vatectek & Soa

(J. Valckenier-Suringar, Wageningen,
Holland.)

CB. MM. t. 8360 ;

“Prunus micreeerDe
11, 205.) hrub, often

when ripe. Persia, &c.

eo rufa. CK. .B.. 1911; 831.)
H, A deciduous tree, 15-20 ft. high ;

59

|
|
|
|
|
|

young branchlets ate with a dense
rust-coloured — pubesce Leaves
narrowly elliptic or oblong-lanceolate,

ers pink, } in,

across, produ ingly or in pairs on

e previous year’s growth. Nepal
and Sikkim. (Kew.)
*Prunus -abioagrtig . va aee.
(Fedde, Repert. ix 122.)
the pla t n in nll ae
Pseudocerasus *‘ James H. Veitch.” It
differs from typical rrulata in
having very sharply serrate sepals with
about 5 to 9 row teeth each side,
26-36 purple-rose petals, and markedly

cronate anthers. (J. Veitch &
Sons.

iver = m . la : cense.
x.

m malac-

cense, C, B, larke. Malay Peninsula.
(Kew.)

hd ag ae CF. H.1910,9; 1911,
bg garden hybrid
oe ie Den e “nd . argyred,
(De erg Jette-St. Pierre, Belgium.)
Pteris - 2 eee
G

(f. H. 1911, 499,
y a form of
Tr

r - over - Heem

Pyronia. (@. @, 1911, xlix. a 285.)
Rosaceae. H. [_Pyron « John
—— ” or P. Sedenii is the name given

hybri rgamotte
Esp eren Pear he Portugal
Quince,] (J. Veitch & Sons.)

Pyrus Syncs (at. . G. 1911,
242. i, ee with a
rot ae slender aie "Bisedblas

Leaves

in m al China,
Spenger, Naples
Ranunculus a Reenter atrococ-

cineus. — rd. 1911, anun-
culaceae Flowers se on long

peduncles, intense scarlet-red. Pales-
tine. (M. Herb, Naples.)

*Rhododendron ambiguum. (2. Mv.
t. 8400.) Ericaceae. H.

so the petiole. Corym
ally 5-7-flo wered, “Corolla tecadis
n-
n the
estern ‘China.
a. Veitch & Sons.

es ——
tamer CB.
lant a ‘been nn

pen 8403,
This ne ae the
name of F, wig (ered a but it differ:

var,

from the tru ichii, Sieb. “
Zuce. in evag olla, 10
or 11 stamens and a lled ovary.

almost campanulate, about
across. Japan. (Kew.)

*Rhododendron Loderi. ce . 1911,
1, 31, suppl. ill.) 4H. arden
hybrid between R Griehian and
R. Fortunei, (Sir E. G, Loder

Seoeeeeedse = (4. C1911

17.) - suerte, only
aboat 6 se igh a habit r
7 intricatum
Fhoters es t 4 in

Western China, o. Veitch & & one “S

bey ee
G. C. 1911, xlix. 338, 342, f. 157.)
‘' spe ea section, Sai
a& somew

and coarse habit.
— ovate-lanceolate, about 2 in,

long an in. broad, firm in texture
and lastin: 2 seasons oa ston
or of Chinewe origin; ; Galabeaed
Japan. (R. C. Noteutt.)

“Rhododendron rae enense.
911,

(B. Mt. 8862; Veiteh, W. H. P.1
4.) H. Allied to R.'7

See cable: within,
Ve Veitch & Sons.)

“Rosa onset re ose Sie M. “a. 978.)
a a Se gprrasiiin
— beurag rman gnc

eens amabilis.

Sam
carpa. (Sargen
Caprifo. eons

pans — (B. P. ix.

haped coral-red fruits about
on which last in good pepe Pe re
along time. Turkestan. (Kew.)

(Hf. Do -a, Bas!
osaceae. H. Shrub,
com 6 ft. high, with slightly prickly

sually 9, ovate, ar : — “ie
doubly serrate. Flowers solitary, ter-
minal, more than 13 in. across. Fruits
red, large, — our Weste

(Arn ton,
=H, A. ie Weener, Hanover.)

“Rubus clemens. - D, G.1911 >
H. Shrub with armed archin
asicuge 9-20 ft. sae

Leaves ae
mately a in. across, pale green
and batty. be eath. pelcstae = i
rose, forming tee
panicles. Fruits

ts black. Seah China
(Arnold Arboretum ; H. A. Hes

—— macilentus. (4. D. @. 1911,

rub, 24-5 ft. high.

Fruits orange. Him
estern China. (Arnold Avhoretumn : ;
H. A. Hesse.)

Saccolabium sarcochi lows. os
30,

en 2 ty side iouen the lip.
Philip (K. W. John, pe ect
ox Eine.

“ive Se (RK. H, B. 1911, a)
jiatae. Leave

H. A biennial.
tened rosette, 16~18 in. long, 0-
oad, deeply cut, clothed with
ite tomentum.

e branch arrang'
as to form - sphere. Flowers large,
Minor. (Haage & Schmidt,

bucus canadensis s chloro-
q. & S. ii. 188.)

a A fo

green fruits.

Ne
(Arnold Arboretum, Boston,

; 2B. 1911,
Haemodoraceae 8 *S ok a
allied to Sanse

208,
289.)
species

stemless, Leaves 2-ranked, erect-
spreading, santa fos, terete beneath,
deeply channelled, above. Seca

with many sete
s ing- pone ss branches, Flow
small, subfasciculate ; segm ments pes
obtuse, recurved, Italian Somaliland.
(Palermo B.G.) [Sanseveria.]

Sarcochilus Ceciliae. nies R. eae
hidaceae. A wart

bo
or
i]
©

beari
land. (Sir J. Colman 5

“Barcococea a (KB. = 329.)
Euphorbiac H, An evergreen
t. high, of neat tufted

(J. Veitch & Sons.)

Saussurea iby ews a8 ¢ Ae 19
a B. M. : te S as et 4
ip age ft.
high, with. aboas 2-5 leafy ae which
erect, rigi
Leaves es oblong-linear, the longest about

iry beneath; upper leaves ovate-
lanceolate, gradually s sinadines passing

into blus eee or purplis ish bracts.
ower- , over 1 in,
a broad. orets deep

long, about 2
purplish - black Central China. (J.
Veitch & Sons ; "G@lasnevin B. G.)

te Aizoon baldensis. (4. C.
251.) Saxifragaceae,

ou
across and Lyoung prt bright crimson
in co Leaves short, Bg
markedly dentate, ere
a aon Baldo, North gins
CR. Part or

Berees beetles (@. C. 1911,

141 Gard. 1911,

a £) ee hybrid between

8. Burseriana major and 8, apiculata.
CE. H. Jenkins.)

eee eas ore ca. C1
238, hyb rid
pete 8. ee a s. Blcabtha,
ge

hitherto known as Savi
Godseff.” (Bees, Ltd.)

’
it

Smee ig Haagii. (@. C. 1911, a
343.) A garden hybrid betwee

61

S. sancta and 8, Ferdinandi-Coburgi.
(F. Sundermann, Lindau, Bavaria.)

Saxifraga kestoniensis. @. C. 1911,
xlix. 74,107.) H. Supposed to be a
Papas derived from 8, Bikes seriana,
(G. Reuthe.)

he aaah laevis. (@. C. 1911, xlix,
Habit spreading hike that

of 8. aizoides ly
elliptic-ovate, in loose roset ms
about 2 in. high, tinged with crimson
on the lower part, bearing 4-6 rather

small rich yellow flowers. Caucasus
(Kew.)

*Saxifraga —s — ——-
K.

spathulate, like those of the variety
it tscana, bu tbroader. = 5. australis,

taly and Sicily. (Miss
wy iat

darertigde Je pusgens (G. C.
43.) A garden hybrid

8. Hectalian and 8.
. Sundermann, ch

paics

perifolia.
Bavaria.)
*Saxifraga Sundermannii. pi be
1911, xlix. 228, #101.) H.

more nearly alli to t latter.
(#. Sundermann, idnins, Bavaria.)

Seitm on oe ~ £. eae
f. 14.

: m
branched panicle. Mexico. (Darm-
tadt B. G.)

rg ie aabe if rod = a

an ym Toss,
Caucasus, "(Bagel & ireesicing, St.
Petersbur B.) [Syn. S. Regelii, Hort.,
not of Kunt ze. |

Lyi Heritieri.
333, .) Composit

(4, ¢. 1911, 1.
G. Ra rely
more hah 1 ft. high, with a straight

stem Sorminated Bat a — ee
Leavy

Listiaais is proposed, This is belived
to be a hybrid between S. Heritieri
and S. populifolius.) Teneriffe.
(Sutton & Sons.)

Senecio “yg pone (G. @, 1911,

1. 82. ‘ species resembling
S. Petasitis my ‘habit. Shrub about
igh, wi

panicle. Flower Shisas = ge arial
we, to brown ; florets all tubul.
Mex (La Mo rtola, Ventimiglia,

“Senecio saxifragoides. (2. m
8394.) H. or A

posausag sted’ vores 4 in. — across,
co:

rym ranged. New Zealand.
(Kew
—— gran Sagpeeee mee
sett. 59, 16.)
milar | Pe ss ie re habit, te
ite leaves are broader and thicker
wers e rose, with an e-
yellow blotch on the lip. Sepals
4 in. long. etals

*Solandra 2 Hate (4. . 1911,
xlix. 383, f. 178; a 1911, 345.)
Solanaceae. G. species ‘whi ch
has been confused with S. grandiflora,
A shrub, with lustrous green smooth
leaves similar in shape to those of
S. grandi usuall

uae ome he
be greenish, 3 in. long. Mexico,
peel oro B. G.)

Sophro-cattleya Wellesle 4.0.
911, ra 0. R. snort aS

Orchidaceae. G. A garden hybrid
between Cattleya labiata and Sophro-
nitis grandifora. (R. G. Th wilted; ;
J. Cypher & Sons.)

Sorbus pee rene. cole Cat.
1911-12, n. 148, 127.) Rosac
Apparently a brid between re

and S, (Simon ae ots

Ptice, Plantiaves, Metz.)

—. cine — = 1911, 358.)
rap ea Ss. s erect, 3-6in

8 in. across, dark purple ; lobes ovate,
acute. Little Wesai ealand. (Kew.)

ae aan — armeria mauri-
tage eu 383.) Plum-

rose-coloured flowers. (Vilm
Andrieux & Co, Paris.)
want ca Dim hthees “io. M,
erect
eck es 8 fa high : “Loaves lanceolate
oblong, beeg! seg ame e base, 2
2? in. long, 14i a. broad, ‘ply do able
Flo

serrate. “ats l-sexual, short
pedicelled, the male with 2 free ein
segments a 2-20 stamens, and th

3-winged ovary. New Guinea.
nevin B, G.)

=F epee ha —- oe on
17.)

long, 3-3 in. qui

Flowers sessile, saitanp? in the seas ‘of

ye subulate bracts, forming 6-12-
terminal spikes, Corolla

mie 34 lin. long. Fruit ovoid, mt bo

long, dark blue. Cen

(Arnold Arboretum, Boston, U. s A.)

lia grandifolia lutescens. ae ..
ne 1911, 424.) Tiliaceae. H.
t pale golden-yellow, besa
light nt yellow-green. (E. Grone-Brauk-
Scheda, W: ickede, Germany.)

— atropurpurea. (JB. mM. t.

— C. 1911, 1. 334.) Scrophu-
ery distinct s

n 8
serrate. Flowers usually solitary on
peduncles at the ends of the

w, Corolla dark

with 4 rounded. DP Malay - Pen-
insula,. (Kew.)
po yao (2. = 1911, L
2; , 937.) hidaceai
G. A pation. hybrid bet ma T. sau oats
- and ZT, fragrans. (Charlesworth & Uo.)

Ulmus = — oe D. 4
1911
oe ae it Gare Solpured a ‘beautiful

form typica red are yellowish. (F,
Graf von Schwerin, We ndisch-Wil-
mersdorf, Germaey;
dt hr (G. C. 1911, 1. 408, ff.
5-1 new name app plied

high,
eee — usually about 2 in.
long and 1 road. It has
recorded as baths Elm aS sativa

var. Lockii, Druce.) [In . 1912,
i 199, 216, U. Plotit is ie rred to
U. sativa, Mill.]

Urbinia Purpusi. cw. g. Z, 1911, 76,
ff. 12-13.) Crassulacea: 3 -

Inflorescence rather
ong, Flowers few, campanulate,
yellow-red, saciisi at the tips. Mexico.
(Darmstadt t B. G.)

anda Amesiana albens. (G4. C.
= 1, 462.) Orchidaceae. 8. Flowers
y white. (Stuart Low

Vanda coerulea var. Wrigleyi
O 6 Ss.

(00. Wrig

Vanda Slmbaltions alba. (G4. ¢.
1911, wt. G. M. 1911, 819.) G.
ery with a yellow base to

the sg CMansell & Hatcher.)

ee filifolia, (4. ¢. We, xlix,
250.) Scrophu lariaceae. H.
ful little plant with narrow Gave and
small china-blue flowers, Russia, (8.
Arnott

Veronica Bh ie
391; 801, f.) H.H.
garden ingrid rot which the parentage

24566

(4. C. 1911, 1.
A

-is-not recorded, : It is a shrubby aan
large shining green leaves
spikes of rich blue dawere,. ck, Veitch

& Son.) . .

Viburnum be pal aaah ere oy

tum, Boston, U.S.A.; H. A. Hesse,
Weener, Hanover,

Viburnum brevipes. (2. oot 113.)
H, _Nearest allied to Vid
(Arnold Arboretum, Boston,

Viburnum foetidum var. rectan-
g

lum. (wm. G. 1911, 245;
Sargent, T. § Si ) H. Shrub
5-13 ft. high, with long pendulous
branches, Leaves elliptic to oblong,

Corymbs nearly sessile. Fruits
red. "Central ie. (Arnold Arbor-
; H. A. Hesse.)

‘Viburnum Davidii. (@. ¢. 1911,
x. 817; Gard, 1911, ig H. An
8 ies.

prion st ves ovate, 4-6
in, long, n, broad, toothed,
glossy, vs trae 3- ed. Flowers
small, whi corymbs. Fruits

small, oval, re is Western and Central
China, GJ. Veitch & Sons.)

bbe aeel ie hupehense. (Sargent, 7.
= 116; “gee tes 1911-12, n.
i to

having its leaves pubescent on both
sides. Central China, (L. Spath,
Berlin.)

Viburnum Wilsonit. ara goes L. §
ii. 115; Af. D. G. 1911, 245.) H.
pont mem branous, ovate, ——
minate, 13-3] in. long, 1-1} in broad.
toothed, more or less hairy ; pec
5-73 lin. long: Mgrs Corymbs ter-
mina ave in. across, covered
with & yellowish velvety pubescence.
Flowers less than } in, across, Central

4}

China. (Arnold Arboretum; H. A.
Hesse.)

"20 Violaoae, alba. (R. H. 1911,

very erect
(Cayeux & het Clerc, Paris.)

age eee vars. (MH. D. G.
~~ H.

e two

varieties be uecattel below, descriptions
are given of several varieties or forms
of W. chinensis, some of which are

tinct species or
names. The variety albiflora ap

to be the same as the Anta mae and
monstrosa the same as flore ple

Wistaria chinensis aucubaefolia.

(MDs GEAG1i,. 239 Leay
rath ow, unequally blotched
with a beautiful pale yellow. Flowers
blue. Chi (C. Sprenger,
Naple

Wistaria chinensis Demekerii.
(mM. G. 1911, 239.) H. A very
free-flo ety, i

ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW.

BULLETIN

OF

MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION,

APPENDIX IV.—1912.

LIST of STAFFS of the ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS,
Kew, and of Botanical Departments, Establishments
and Officers at Home, and in India and the Colonies,
in Correspondence with Kew.

* Trained at Kew. + Recommended by Kew.

Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.—

Director - - - - - ag ee Sir ee Prain,
S., C.M.G.,C.I.E., M.A.,

NE a FF. R. 8., F.L.S.

Assistant Director - i - Arthur Le Hill, M.A., F.L.8.

Assistant (Office) - : - *John Aik
- . - oWilliata Nicholls Winn.

” ”?

Keeper of Herbariumand Library Otto Stapf, Ph.D., F.R.S.,
F.L.S.

Assistant Keeper Pioneers - George Massee, F.L.S.
anerogams)- Charles Henry Wright, A.LS.

cd 4 Metin) - Nicholas Edward Brown,
ALL

” ”
A.LS.
(Herbarium) - - *Robert Allen Rolfe, A.L.S.
- - *Sidney Alfred Skan
- - Tho ag Archibald Sprague,

- Avae Disbrowe Cotton,
F.L.S.

- Jessie Jane Clark, B.Sc.
” * - - Elsie peace Wekstels F.LS.
wy for Tropical Africa - *John Hutc

for India - - - William Saat ‘Craib, M.A.

ge Keeper (Jodrell Labora- Leonard Alfred Boodle, F.L.S.

(27229-—6a.) Wt, 189—808, 1125, 11/12, D&S&. A

66

Royal ee some Gardens, Kew—continued.
Keeper of Museums - John Masters Hillier
Apeisinit opeuntel aes

Preparer — - George Badderly
Curator of the Gardens” - - William Watson, A.1L.8.
Assistant Curator - - - *William J. Bean.
Foreme
ooo cae abased . - *Walter Irving.
Arboret - *Arthur Osborn.
Eocuniioas and Ornamen tal *John Coutts.
Department.
Tropical Department = - - *Charles P. Raffill.
Temperate House - - - *William Taylor.
Storekeeper - = - - *George Dear.

Aberdeen.— University ae Garden : —
Profes oo. H.Trail, Mas
S., F.L.S.

als
Cambridge.-——-University Botanical ——o —
Professor - = - SAG M.A.,
“a F.L. Ss.
a es University | g p = oss, D.Sc.

Curator, ne
Museum. H. H. Thomas, B.A.
Curator of Garden - *Richard Irwin Lynch,
. M.A., A.L.S.

Dublin.—Royal Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin :—

Keeper - - - Sir aegis W.
gs M.A., F.L.S.
Assistant - - m1) oe

Trinity senses. peianie ieaamicks™ —
Pro ee: * eo Dixon, Sc.D.,
F.R.S.

Edinburgh.—Royal Botanic Garden :—
Regius Keeper - - I. B. Balfour, M.A.,
M.D., LL.D. Se.D,
RS. ae Bake 8.
Assistant to Regius W. W. Smith, M.A.

eeper,
Assistant (Museum) - H. F, Tagg, F.L.S.

’ (Herbarium) *J. F. ae
Head Gardener - - *R. L. Harrow.
Assistant Gardener - Henry Hastings.

Glasgow.—Botanic Gardens :—
University Professor- F. O. Bower, M.A.,

Sc.D., F.R.S., F.L.S.
Curator =s - - James Whitton.
Oxford.—University Botanie Garden :—-
Professor - - SydneyH.Vines,M.A.
Se.D., F.R.S., F. LS.

Curator .- . - *William Baker

67

AFRICA.

British East Africa Protectorate.—
Nairobi - ee of Agri- Hon. A.C. Macdonald.
oe
Aaa - *Henry Powell.
Gonserwite of Forests K. Battiscombe.
Cape Colony.—
Cape Town - Professor of Botany, H. H. W. Pearson,
South rican M.A., Se.D., F.L.S.

ollege.
Curator, Bolus Herba- Mrs. F. Bolus.

rium.
Conservator of Forests J. 8. Lister, I.S.0.
Gardens and Public Parks :—
Superintendent - - *G. H. Ridley.
Grahamstows Bese se! Museum :-
ae Rees of S. Sch6nland, Ph.D.,
Herbariu F.L. 8.

sae and able sep tee
Cura EK, J. Alexander.

Port Elizabeth - ee - - John T. Butters.
King Williams- Curator - . - George Lockie.
Graaff-Reinet - i. - - - *C. J. Howlett.
Uitenhage . és - - - H. Fairey.
Egy pt.—
Cairo.—Department ot Agriculture :—
Director-General - Gerald C. Dudgeon,
Botanist <= 2602 SW, Lawrance Balls,

“s - - £5.00 2. Bolland, B.A.
Assistant Botanist - F.S.H
Director of Hortieul- *T. W. eek
ture. :
Assistant Director - pont
Alexandria.—Horticultural Society :—
Secretary - = oD, ish,

Gold Coast.—Botanic and Agricultural Department :—
Director of Agricul- W.S. D. Tudhopv,

ure.
eee Spear *Alfred E. aie
Cura *A.C. Mile

-” G, Scautlons
2 - M.D. Reece.

se.
N.C. "McLwod.
A2

” Ba a
Conservator of Forests
27229

N as gente —— =

ector - - John Medley Wood,
A.L.S.

Curator - - - *James Wylie.

Northern Nigeria.—Agricultural Department :—

irector of Agricul- P. H. Lamb.
ture.

Nyasaland Protectorate.—
2 as and Forestry Department :—
Zomba - Director of Agricul- J.5S. J. McCall.
Rnicnltaris - *H. W. Davy.
Chief cad. Officer - ey, M. Purves.
Orange River — —Department of Agriculture :—

Botanist - E. J. MacMillan.
Chief of Fawary. K. A, Carlson.
Division.
Rhode

“geomet eke: atone gets i—

Cura W. E. Dowsett.
Salisbury.—Department of Agriculture :—
Director - - EK

- E. A. Nobbs, Ph.D.,
B.Se.

a and H.G. Mundy, F.L.S.
nist.

Sierra Leone.—Agricultural Department :—
Di

—

— of Agricul- W. Hopkins.
tur
Soudan.—
Khartoum - Director of Woods
and Forests.
Superintendent of *F.S., Sillitoe
Palace Gardens.
Jebelin -

- Superintendent of *T. Cartwright
ri aaa Plan-
Southern Nigeria.—Agricultural Department :

— of Agricul- *W. H. Johnsen L.S.
tur

Assistant Director

- §. V. Henders
Mycologist- - C. QO. Ferg uhiatedn:
Superintendent * R. Nicol.

culture.
“i *F, Kvans.
Assistant Superinten- *R, Gill.
dent
” 35 A. J. Findlay.
‘9 urr.
” - — Owen.
Curator - - - *T, D. Maitland.
4 - - - "A
Conservator of Forests — -

. B. Ca
- H,N. Thompson,

69

Transvaal.—Department of Agriculture :—

Pretoria - - Botanist - - - J. Burit Davy, F.L.S.
Mycologist - - TI. B. Pole Evans, B.Sc.,
F.L.S.
Conservator of Forests - C.E. Legat.
Uganda.—

Entebbe—Agricultural Department :—
Director of Agricul- §. Simpson.

Botanist wo a ee, Si,
Assistant *J. D. Snowden.
Botanical, Forestry and Scientific Department: —
Ags tant *Robert Fyffe.
Zanzibar - - Director of Agricul- F.C. McClellan, F.L.S.
ture.
AUSTRALIA.
New aes Wales.—Botanic Gardens :—
Sydney - - Director ae Lefdors J. H. Maiden, F.L.S.
ment Botanist.
Baperinict ion - George Harwood.
Botanical Assistant - E. Betche
University Professor of Botany - A. A. Lawson, B.Sc.,
Ph.D., F.L.S.
Technological Museum :—
Curator - - - R. T. Baker, F.L.S.
Chief Forest Officer - - - R.D. Hay.
Queensland.—
Brisbane - - Colonial Botanist - F. M. Bailey, C.M.G.,
F.L.S.

Botanic Gardens :—
- J. F. Bailey.
Acclimatisation Society’s sg Garde ns :—
S aryand Manager W. Soutter.

verseer - - - James Mitchell.
Forest Department :—
Director - N. W. Jolly, B.Sc.
Cairns.—Kamerunga State Nursery: —
anager - - Howard Newport.
Overseer - - C. E. Wood.
iecbhueetun - Superintendent - - R. Simmons.

South Australia.—
Adelaide. ar Professor of T. G. B. Osborn, M.Sc.
Botan

Botanic | Gardens : ee
Dir sf :

- Maurice Holtze, Ph.D.,
Port Darwin - Curator - - * Nicholas Holtze.
Woods and Poccas
Conservator - - Walter Gill, F.L.S.

Tasmania.—
Hobart - - Government Botanist Leonard Rodway
Chief Forests Officer- J.C. Penny.
Botanic Gardens
cer-in- chatee - Robert Hall.

Victoria.—Botanic Gardens :—
Melbourne - Curator - - - J. Cronin.
National Herbarium :—
Government Botanist A. J. Ewart, D.Sc.,
and University Pro- PhD, F li
fessor of Botany,
Conservator of Forests - - - H.R. Mackay.

BERMUDA.
Botanic Station :— _
Superintendent . - . - iinet

BRITISH HONDURAS.

Botanic Station :—

Curator - - - - - - Eugene Campbell.
CANADA.
Ottawa - - Director of Govern-
ment Experi- J. H, Grisdale.
mental F: 8.
Dominion Horticul-
turist and Curator “ W. T. Macoun.
of Botanic Garden.
- Dominion Botanist - r Giiss
Assistant - - Weiaathial B.Se.

” * = - 4 Fyles, B.A.

71

CEYLON.
Peradeniya.—Royal Botanic Gardens :—
Director of Agriculture - . - NS Lyne, F.L.S.
canbe ndent - a “A
Government Myce - 42 Petch, BA. B.Se.

ologist
Superintendent, “Experiment Station .
Curator - *Hugh F. F. Macmillan,

Superintendent of School Gardens - C. Drieberg, B.A.

Hakgala - - Curator - - = *J, Jc NOOK.
Heneratgoda - Conductor - - D.F. de S.Gunaratna.
Maha-iluppalama.—Experiment Station :—

Superintendent - - ©. Harbord.

Nuwara Eliya- Conductor woe, Young.
Conservator of Forests - - - - TT. J. Campbell.

CYPRUS. ;
Principal Forest Officer - - A.K. Bovill.
Director of eo eto - - —
Assistant Director - - W. Bevan.

FALKLAND ISLANDS.

Government House Garden :—

Head Gardener - - - - - *A. W. Benton.

FIJI.

Superintendent of Agriculture- - _ Charles H. Knowles.

Botanic Station :—

Curator - - - ~ - - *Daniel Yeoward.
HONG KONG.
Botanic and Forestry Department :—
Superintendent ete - *W. J. Tutcher, F.LS.

Assistant Superintendent - - - *H. Green.

72
MALTA.
Argotti Botanic Garden :—
Director - - - - . - Francesco Debono,
M.D.

MAURITIUS.
Pamplemousses. een ie eee eS
Director - - F. A. Stockdale B.A.,
LS.

ial aay os Forests = ws sages ee —

Paul —
Assistant Director - - - P. de Sornay.
a Assis . - - §. E, Pougnet.
- - - - - F. Bijoux.
Reduit - - Overseer - - - W.A, Kennedy.
Forest Officer - - - - - F, Gleadow.

NEW ZEALAND.
Wellington. he 2 ae of Fee nak —

iologist T. W. Kirk.
State Forest Pe etusnk —
Chief Forester =o - HenryJohn Matthews.

Colonial Botanic Garden :—
ead Gardener - - as

Dunedin - - Superintendent - - *D. Tannock.
Napier - - = - - W. Barton.
Invercargill - Head Gardener - -
Auckland - Ranger - - - William Goldie,
Christchurch - Head Gardener- - *Ambrose Taylor.
Botanic Station :— SEYCHELLES.

Curator - :

- + «= P.R. Dupont, F.LS.

STRAITS SETTLEMENTS.
Straits Settlements.—Botanic Gardens :—
Singapore - Director - . - fl. H. Burkill, M.A.,

Assistant Superinten- *R. Derry.
dent.

” w “IW. Andergon.

73
Federated aiegsee sn laid Department :—
- A. M. Burn-Murdoch.

Kuala Lumpur. eae eo is
Director of Agricul- tL. Lewton-Brain,
e. B.A., F.L.S.

nee
Mycologist - = $O.K; Bancroft, B.A.
Agriculturist = - TF. G. Spring.
Assistant Mycologist- TH. Bateson.

re . A. Sharples.
Economic Botanist - N. W. Barrett, B.A.
Perak (‘Taiping).—Government Gardens and Plantations :—
Superintendent - - *W. L. Wood.

‘Selangor and Negri Sembilan.—
Assistant Superinten- *J. Lambourne.
dent.

WEST INDIES.
Imperial Department of Agriculture :—
Barbados - - Commissioner - - Francis Watts, C.M.G.,
D F.I C., F.C.S.
Scientific Assistant - A. H. Kirby, B. A.
Mycologist and Agri- TF. W. South, B.A.
cultural Lecturer.

Antigua.—Government Chemist and H.A. a B.Se.,
Superintendent of Agri- F.LC., F.C.8
culture, Leeward Islands.

Botanic Station :—
Curator - . - *T, Jackson.
Agricultural Assistant. C. A. Gomes.
8. V. Athill.

” ”
Barbados.—Department of Agriculture.
Superintendent - John R. Bovell, 1.8.0.,
F.L.S., F.C.S.

Assistant Superinten- W. Nowell.
dent.

Dominica.—Botanic Station :—
Curator - - *Joseph Jones.
Assistant Curator - G. A. Jones.
Grenada.—Botanic Garden :—
Agricultural Super- G.G. Auchinleck, B.Sc.
intendent.
Agricultural Instructor G. F. Branch.

Montserrat.—Botanic Station :—
Curator - - - *W. Robson.

74

St. Kitts-N evis. —Botanic Station :—
renee Super-
enden

Act a oe
Instructor, Nevis.

St. Lucia.—Botanic Station :—
Agricultural
intenden
Assistant Superinten-
dent.

Super-

Vincent.—Botanic Station :—
Agricultural Superin-
tendent.

St.
Assistant Superinten-
dent.

Virgin Islands.—
Agricultural Instruc-
tor.

F. R. Shepherd.

W. I. Howell.

*John Chisnall Moore.

*A. J. Brooks.

*W. N. Sands.

*F, Birkinshaw.

*W. C. Fishlock.

Bahamas.—Botanic Station :—
Curator

W. M. Cunningham.

British Guiana.—Department of Science and Agriculture :—

Georgetown -

Assistant Director and
—— ernment Botan-

sce Officer -

Head Gardener -

Assistant Gardener -

Agricultural Superin-
ent.

Jamaica.—Department - las —
Direc - -

Travelling Instructor
”
ope Gardensand Superintendent
Experiment
Station, Hild,
]
Castleton Gar-
dens.

King’s House Ss ee
Garden.

”

H

Director - - -

Prof. J. B. Harrison,
C.M.G.,M.A.,F.LC.,
F.C.S.

—_—_—_——

C. W. Anderson, I.8.0.
jJohn F. Waby, F.L.S.
F. Greeves.
*Robert Ward.

Hon. H. H. Cousins,

A., F.C.S,
*William aaa ick.
Jam

- a ake ee F.L.S.

*William J. Thompson.

75

Tobagio.—Botanic Station :—
Curator - - - - - *W. E. Broadway.

Trinidad.—Department of Agriculture :—
Director - - - Prof. P. Carmody,
F.I.C., F.C.S.
Assistant Director ee W. G. Reskaiah’ B.Sce.,
oh overnment Bota F.L.S.

Cuta oye Botanic —
Garden

Mycologist - - - J.B. Rorer, M.A.
Forest Officer - - - C.S. Rogers.
INDIA.
Botanical Survey of India :—
Director - . - - - Major A. T. Gage, 1.M.S.,
M.A. 6B, Beg

Economic Botani
Curator, fadtbtcial Section, Indian D. Hooper, F.L.S.
useum.
Assistant for Phanerogamic Botany S. C. Banerji, M.A.,
B.Se.

M.S. Ramaswami, B.A.

Departments of Agriculture, Botanical Officers attached
to :—

Imperial Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa,
Bengal :—

Mycologist - - ~ - TE. J. Butler, M.B., F.L.S,
Economic Botanist = - - A. Howard, M.A., F.L.S.
Supernumerary Botanist’ - ——

Bengal Agricultural Department, Calcutta :—
Economie Botanist - - KE. J. Woodhouse, B.A.,
F.L.S.
Bombay Agricultural College, Poona :—
Economic Botanist - - TW. Burns, B.Sc.
Central Provinces Agricultural Department,
Nagpur :—

Economic Botanist - - tR. J. D. Graham, M.A.,
B.Sc.

76

Departments of Agriculture, Botanical Officers attached
to—continued,

Madras Agricultural Department :—

Government Botanist - t0. A. Barber, M.A., Sc.D.,
F.L.S.
Mycologist - - - - {W. McRae, M.A., B.Sc.
Punjab Agricultural Department, Lyallpur :—
Economic Botanist - - TD. Milne, B.Sc.
Agricultural College, Cawnpur, United Pro-
vinces :—
Economic Botarist - - TH. M. Leake, M.A,,
F.LS.
Eastern Bengal and Assam Agricultural Depart-
ment :—
Economic Botanist - - P.G. Hector, B.Sc.
BENGAL.
Calcutta.—Royal Botanic Garden, Sibpur :—
Superintendent = - - - - Major A. T. Gage, I.M.S.,
aA. MB. B.Sc
F.LS.
Curator of peties - - - tC. C. Calder, B.Se
Wasted = Ga . - - *G. T. Lane.
- - - - - A, G. Laurence.
Prop tener - ¢ : - - *W. V. North.
ah in Caleutta :-— :
Assistant Curator - - - - *J. T. Johnson.
ewes - - - §. N. Bose.
PapieHoriontinral Society of dade —
ry - - F. Abbot
Picidiendoni - - Se pees
Darjeeling.—Lloyd Botanic Garden :—
Superintendent = - - . eee ALY oa 1.M. ee
M.A M.B C.,
F.LS.
Curator - - - - - - *G. H. Cave.

Cinchona Department.— : -
Superintendent of Cinchona Culti- Major A. T. Gage, I.M.S.,
ation .

Mungpoo Plantation :—
Manager - - - : - *P. T. Russell.
Overseer - - - - W. Cousins.
Munsong Plantation :—
Manager - - - - - *H. F. Green.
Assistant Manager - - - - *H, Thomas.

-

Overseer - “ — G. Holl.

77

BOMBAY.
Bombay City. iss Garden :—
Superintendent

Ghorpuri.—Botanic Garden :—
Superintendent

-

C. D. Mahaluxmivala.

re s - - P, G. Kanetkar.
Poona.—Government Gardens :—
Superintendent - . - - *K. Little.

CENTRAL PROVINCES.
Nagpur.—Public Gardens :—

Superintendent - - - - *J. BE. Leslie,
MADRAS.
Madras City. Ce Society :—
Hon. Secretar - - PF. Fyson, B.A., F.L.S.
Superintendent

- H. E. Houghton, F, LS.
Ootacamund.—Government Gardens and Parks :—

Curator - *F, H. Butcher.
Cinchona Department.—

Director of Cinchona Plantations - W. M. Standen.

oe - Dodabetta Planta- H. V. Ryan

Serine Nedivattam and &, Collins.
Hooker Plantations.

PUNJAB.
Delhi.—Historic and other Gardens :—
Superintendent - - - *R. B. Locke.
Lahore.—Government Gardens :—
Superintendent - - - *A, Hardie.
Agri-Horticultural flea 3 —_
Superintendent - - - - *W. R. Mustoe.

Simla.—Vice-regal Estate Gardens :—
Superintendent - *Ernest Long.

78

NORTH-WEST FRONTIER PROVINCE.
Agri-Horticulturist - - - W.R. Brown.

UNITED PROVINCES OF AGRA AND OUDH.
Agra.—Taj and other Gardens ;—

Superintendent - - - - *A, E. P. Griessen.
Allahabad.—Government Gardens :—

Superintendent - - - *W. Head.
Cawnpur.—Memorial and other Gardens :—

Superintendent - - - - *R. Badgery.
Kumaon.—Government Gardens :—

Superintendent - : - - *Norman Gill, F.L.S.
Lucknow.—Horticultural Gardens :—

Sh aaone mags . - - - *H. J. Davies.

Probat - - a - *H, EK. Mawer.
Saharanpur.—Government Botanic Gardens :—

Superintendent - - - - *A. C. Hartless.
Dehra Dun.—Imperial Forest Research Institute :—

Imperial Forest Botanist - - R.S. Hole, F.L.S.

EASTERN BENGAL AND ASSAM.
Dacca (Ramna).—Arboricultural Ex- *R. L. Proudlock.
pert.

NATIVE STATES.
Mysore (Bangalore) :—

Keonomic Botanist - - - *G. H. Krumbiegel.
Baroda :—
Superintendent - - - - *B. Cavanagh.

Travancore (Trivandrum) :—
Director SN ee oe Major F. W. Dawson.
Udaipur :—
Superintendent - - - - TT. H. Storey.