OSCE UAI SPEC HES ON e RR IEEE SA hu 


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MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 


ADDITIONAL SERIES V. 


THE WILD FAUNA AND FLORA. 


OF THE 


ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW. 


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ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW, ~é 


BULLETIN 


OF 


MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION, 


ADDITIONAL SERIES V. 


THE WILD FAUNA AND FLORA 


OF THE 


ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW. 


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Maagovue: BOTANICAL 
Geecen tresaat 


PREFACE. 


“Kew, as it exists to-day, was formed by the fusion of two 
distinct properties or domains, both Royal, but with entirely 
different histories. They correspond roughly to the west and 
east halves of the present gardens. The western half was known 
as Richmond Gardens. 'The eastern half corresponds in great 
part to the grounds of Kew House, and to this the name of Kew 
Gardens was originally confined. The two properties were 
separated by Love Lane, the ancient bridle road between Rich- 
mond and Brentford Ferry." (Kew Bulletin, 1891, p. 281.) 


Richmond Lodge or House had been granted in 1707 by Queen 
Anne to the Duke of Ormonde. It was purchased from his 
family by George II. when Prince of Wales. It was a favourite 
residence of Queen Caroline, and was ultimately pulled down by 
George III. about 1771. 


Kew House had been the residence of Lord Capel of Tewkes- 
bury, a brother of the Earl of Essex. It was leased by Frederick, 
Prinee of Wales, and was the home of his widow, the Princess 
Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, till her death. In 1759 she commenced 
the scientific history of Kew by establishing a Botanic or, as it was 
then called, a Physie Garden. George III. acquired the property, 
and in 1803 pulled down Kew House also. He obtained two Acts 
of Parliament empowering him to close Love Lane, but this was 
apparently not finally accomplished till 1802. . 


The area of the Gardens as they at present exist is something 
under half a square mile. While the western half shows for the 
most part little evidence of the soil having been ever disturbed by 
cultivation, beyond being thickly planted with trees, this is not 
the case with the eastern half, much of which has at one time or 
another apparently been brought under the plough. 


1000 Wt 25163 2/06 D&S 29 13757 


iv 


In 1873 a member of the Kew staff (Curator from 1886 to 
1901), Mr. George Nicholson, F.L.S., compiled a list of the native 
(and a few naturalised) plants occurring spontaneously at Kew. 
This was published in the Journal of Botany for 1875. Mr. R. I. 
Lynch, Curator of the Botanie Garden, Cambridge, also formerly a 
member of the Kew staff, materially contributed to its complete- 
ness from his own observations, and the late Lord de Tabley, 
better known to botanists as the Hon. John Leicester Warren, 
was keenly interested in it. 


In the Kew Bulletin for 1897 (pp. 115-167) a first attempt was 
made to catalogue the Mycologic Flora by Mr. G. Massee, F.L.S., 
a Principal Assistant in the Herbarium. The following passage is 
quoted from the prefatory note :— 


*Of the Royal Gardens themselves some 100 acres is little 
disturbed by any kind of cultivation, and it has certainly remained 
80 for at least a century and a half. Some portions may never 
possibly have been subjected to cultivation at all. It is not sur- 
prising therefore that in the background of horticultural treatment 
there still subsists a wild fauna and flora of no inconsiderable 
dimensions. This, as opportunity offers, it is proposed to work 
out and catalogue from time to time.” 


The Moss Flora was contributed to the Bulletin for 1899 
(pp. 7-17) by Mr. E. S. Salmon, F.L.8. 


Meanwhile Mr. Nicholson had steadily devoted his leisure hours 
to the comprehensive scheme contemplated in 1897. He enlisted 
the assistance of a number of scientific friends, specialists in 
various groups, to whom he communicated his enthusiasm for the 
work and without whose efficient help it would, even in a tentative 
form, have been impossible of achievement. 


I looked forward to this in Mr. Nicholson's hands with much 
interest and satisfaction. Unhappily, the breakdown of his health 
and his consequent retirement from the post of Curator in 1901 
compelled him to abandon a labour to which he no longer felt 
equal. Asthere was no immediate chance of anyone carrying it 
on with Mr. Nicholson's energy, I decided to publish the material 
he had accumulated as at any rate a starting point for further 
research. I placed the papers in the hands of Mr. Pearson, M.A., 
F.L.S., who in the same year had been appointed an Assistant. 


v 


He succeeded in preparing them for, and partially seeing them 
through the.press when he in turn was obliged to abandon the 
task owing to his leaving for Cape Colony in 1903 to take up his 
duties as Professor of Botany in the South African College. 
Failing other assistance, I found it impossible to carry it to 
completion till I had myself been relieved of administrative 
duties. 


It appears to me that it is of considerable interest to show what 
a vast number of forms of life of the most varied kind may exist 
together on what is relatively a microscopic speck of the earth’s 
surface. This would be in the present case even more striking if 
the enumeration were more complete than it can pretend to be. 
Some groups have not been worked at all; this is the case with 
the Diptera, and of the Hemiptera only the Coccide have been 
catalogued. Others, it is obvious, have been only touched super- 
ficially. The publication of what has been done may encourage 
working naturalists to correct errors and to accomplish, as perhaps 
has never been done yet, a complete census of every form of life 
oceurring spontaneously in a small but well-defined area. 


I am glad to take the opportunity of acknowledging gratefully 
the assistance which has been given to those who have suc- 
cessively had a hand in the work by a very large number of 
individual workers in various branches of zoology and botany. 
Some of the most important are enumerated in the following 
“Table of Contents.” I see from the mass of correspondence 
which has accumulated that there are a host of others, many 
personally unknown to me, who have cheerfully rendered the 
assistance which has been demanded of them on special points. 
I find it impracticable to specify them all individually, and can 
only beg them collectively to accept my appreciation of their aid. 


W. T. THISELTON-DYER. 


Kew, February, 1906. 


vi 


The abbreviations used are as follows : 

A. Arboretum. This includes the whole of what was formerly 
termed “ pleasure grounds." 

B. Botanic garden. This division was formerly separated from 
the arboretum by a wire fence, which ran near Unicorn 
Gate, by north end of Pagoda vista, along eastern side of ash 
collection to Palace lawn. 

P. Palace and herbarium grounds. 

Q. Queen's Cottage grounds. 

R. Rock-garden. 

Strip. This is the piece of ground between the wall and the 
Thames, extending from end of herbarium grounds to the 
end of Queen's Cottage grounds. 


CONTENTS. 


I.—FAUNA. 


Mammalia. By A. H. Punnett, M.A. (See also p. 221)... 


Aves. By W.H. Hudson .. a 
Reptilia. By A. Günther, 1 Ph.D., F.R.S, ds 
Amphibia. By A. Günther, Ph.D., F.R.S. 
Pisces. By A. Günther, Ph.D, F.R.S.... — .. 
Mollusca. By H. H. Brindley .. 
Entomostraca. By D. J. Booka. F.R.M.S. 
Myriapoda. By R. I. Pocock, F.Z.S. .. 
Orthoptera. By W. J. Lucas, F.LS. .. 
Neuroptera. By W. J. Lucas, F.L.S. ... 
Coleoptera. By H. H. W. Pearson, F.L.S. 
And D. Sharp, M.B., F.R.S. 
Formicide. By Lt.-Col. C. T. Bingham 
Coccide. By R. Newstead, A.L.S. 
Lepidoptera. By R. South, F.E.S. 
Galls. By Prof. J. W. H. Trail, F.R.S. 
Oak-Galls. By R. A. Rolfe, A.L.S. 


Araneidea. By Rev. O. Pickard- Cambridge, I F.R.S. 


Acarina. By A. D. Michael, F.L.S. 5 
Hydrachnidm. By Chas. D. Soar, F.R.M.S. ... 
Scorpionidæ. By R. I. Pocock, F.L.S. vd 
Annelida. By F. E. Beddard, F.R.S. . 
Hirudinea. By Prof. Lankester, F.R.S. 
Rotifera. By Chas. F. Rousselet, F.R.M.S. 
Porifera. By R. T. Günther, F.L.S. ... 
Protozoa. By F. E. Fritsch, D.Sc., F.L.S. 


II.—FLORA. 

Phanerogame. By G. Nicholson, F.L.S. 
Filices. By G. Nicholson, F.L.S. 
Muscines. By E. S. Salmon, F.LS. ... 

epatiem. By Chas. H. Wright, A.L.S. 
Lichenes. By O. V. Darbishire, M.A. . 
Fungi. By G. Massee, F.L.S. (See also p. 225) 
Myxogastres. By G. Massee, F.L.S. 
Algm. By .E. Fritsch, D.Sc., F.LS. ... 


APPENDIX. 


Additional Coleoptera. By D. Sharp, M.B., F.R.S. 


221 


Ner 
ARIES 


THE WILD FAUNA AND FLORA 


OF THE 


ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW. 


L—FAUNA. 


1. MAMMALIA. 


INSECTIVORA. 
Erinaceus europaeus, L. ‘“ Hedge-hog.” Not uncommon in Q. 
and elsewhere in the grounds. 


Talpa europaea, Z. ‘Common Mole.” Formerly abundant 
in Q. 


CARNIVORA. 
Canis vulpes, L. “Fox.” About 25 years ago a pair of foxes 
ook up their abode in Q. and remained there for some time, 
Ultimately one was — and the other left the neighbourhood, 
In 1900 a male fox escaped from confinement in HMM and 
remained at large in the gardens for two or three day 


Mustela erminea, L. “Stoat” or “Ermine.” Not uncommon 
Q. 
M. vulgaris, Erzleben. “Weasel.” Not uncommon in A. and Q. 


RODENTIA. 

Lepus — dei “Common Hare." Two were shot 
about 25 years ago, one in P., the other in A. In 1899 a third was 
picked up : duh -M had ion been killed by eating twigs of 
Coronilla Emer 

L. cuniculus, L. “ Rabbit.” In spite of every effort to exter- 
minate it, this animal still maintains a footing in A. and Q. 

1000 Wt 25163 503 D&S 29 13757 ; A 


2 
Sciurus vulgaris, L. “Squirrel.” Common in A. and Q. 


Mus sylvaticus, L. “ Wood-mouse." Abundant in rogkery and 
elsewhere. Crocus corms form a favourite food. . 


M. musculus, L. “Common Mouse." 
M. decumanus, Pallas. * Brown Rat.” 
Microtus agrestis, Lataste. “ Common Field Vole.” 


M. = agn Lataste. “ Bank Vole.” Less common than the 
precedin 


M. M E Schrank. * Water Vole." Near the lake and 
along the Ha-Ha. : 


CHEIROPTERA. 


——— e pipistrellus, Schreber. Common Bat” or “ Pipis- 
e.” Common in roofs of buildings. 


V. noctula, Schreber. In hollew trees in A. 


2. AVES. 
HE! W. H. Hudson. 


very species n, including birds on passage travelling at a 

dins désgbla height from the "earth and not very well identified. 

he species here named are those only which inhabit or are 

regular visitants to the gardens, together with such rarities as 
o 


re are some facts about the wild bird life of Kew besides 
ion contained in the notes which are worth recording here. 
One is the extraordinary abundance of the carrion crow at this 
point. This crow is, generally speaking, the most perseeuted 
sti in the kingdom, but = the neighbourhood of ree 


is little molested and pao increased in recent years. 
he gardens at any koir of the day and all the year round his 
8 oa of care” may be heard from the tall eer and EN 


3 


heavy black form seen as he slowly wings his way from tree to 
tree, But he is most abundant in the winter, when he is more 
than at Ue seasons a river-side bird. 

One evening during the spell ne ev cold in February, 1902, 
I stood foran hour in the Queen's Cottage Grounds watching a 
mixed gathering of birds on the piris edge of the river between 
the Gardensand Syon Park. Besides small birds, mostly blackbirds 
and song-thrushes, there were in the crowd twenty-one black- 


[n ed crow, moor Most of the crows were 
very busy just before sunset searching in the mud for something 
e n the shallow water, prodding the mud an 


out half-buried old rags and weeds and turning them 
over. It wasastrange bird-gathering to see at a spot so near to 
London, but the thirty-two crows er in ae Ea: were not 
all the birds of that species at the spot. Other S caring fra from 
the trees among which I stood, and a little dien up stre: 
could see a second gathering SOHADOMe sed of about cT 
common crows and one hooded crow. 

It may be mentioned that the heron and carrion crow are the 
two ro wild birds that survive as breeding species in the home 
counties. The herons which -— close by in Richmond Park 
are constant visitors to Kew 

Another interesting point to be ed relates to mp local habits 
and movements of the Kew birds. Thus, the green woodpecker 

is fav aati haunt in the tall trees to the right “of the Queen’s 

Cottage, where his drumming and “loud laugh” may be heard 
throughout the summer. There, too, the jays are seen and their 


woodlan e d o 
Of the summer migrants the tree-pipit, lesser whitethroat, and 
sedge warbler return year after year to the same tree, bush, an 

cluster of reeds. Even so common and universal a species as the 
chaffinch has the habit of uniting in small parties and flocks at 
one spot, a little to the west of the temperate house. This house 
itself has now become the home of a number of birds—robins, 


hedge 

an ddr life. The most interesting species in this connexion is 
the pied wagtail. Several pairs breed annually in the gardens, 
but in winter the local birds are joined by a iria of others 


congregate in September, the number v varying in di fferen 
from about 75 to about 150, and they roost — at ebd spot 
until Spring w ne in March reaks up the company. 


into their green safe shelter. Probably but for this ideal tiny 
roosting-place most of these birds would migrate in winter, 


It remains to speak of one other fact, perhaps the most ae di 
esting of all—the large proportion of songsters among the speci 


13757 A2 


t 


` that are residents i in, or regular summer visitants to, the Gardens. 
These include our three common thru shes; the nightingale, hedge- 
es o 


to the lover = rere gives to Kew Gardens its principal charm. 


wished it to be kept, in its present state, as a fragment of unspoilt 
wildness, and the favourite haunt and breoding-place of all the 
most attractive species of birds which inhabit Kew 


PASSERES. 
Turdus viscivorus, Z. “ Missel-Thrush." Resident throughout 
the year; not so common as throstle and blackbird. 
T. musicus, L. “ Throstle or Song-Thrush. " Common through- 
out the year. Frequently breeds in pages and Winter 
A oeni Aai use of ventilators for exit and en e. 


T. pilaris, L. ‘“ Fieldfare.” A winter visitor. In some seasons 
a considerable number have been seen feeding on fruits of 
Crataegus, 


T. merula, p “ Blackbird.” Abundant oo the year. 
Several years ago an albino male was noted: it mated and the 


was very shy and kept out of sight as much as possible ; its young 
were more or less marked with white. The Seas has also bred 
in bushes in conservatory and Winter Garden 

Pratincola rubicola, Z. * Stonechat.” 

Ruticilla phoenicurus, L. “Redstart.” This is a regular visitor 

and may be seen in A. and Q.—where it bree ds. 

Erithacus rubecula, “Robin.” Very common Bailds 
sometimes in plant houses on the stages close to the paths. 


Daulias luscinia, ZL. “ Nightingale.” From about middle of 
oe p dot in P. and Q.—where nests have been 


via cinerea, Bechstein. * Whitethroat." Common in A, P. Q: 
The ‘young of the cuckoo have been observed in nests of this 


5 


S. curruca, L. “Lesser Whitethroat." The nests of this species 
have xis Des ently seen in brambles, &c., in Q., not so common 
as the last-named. 


S. atricapilla, L. “ Blackcap.” More frequent in Q. than in any 
of the other divisions. 


8. a Bechstein. “Garden Warbler.” As common as the 
blackea 


Melizophilus undatus, Boddaert. “ Dartford Warbler.” Twenty 
five years ago this species used to breed amongst dense rom 
bushes in A. Has not been aene now for many years 


Regulus cristatus, K. L. Koch. *“ Golden-crested Wren or Gold- 
crest.” The pretty pendent nest of this species is generally found 
the lower nch 


in yew trees at on nded from bra of 
: m d 2 e of little more than 6 the ground in one 
st frequented parts of lapi gardens, Was vicine cd never 


Phylloscopus rufus, Bechstein. “ Chiffchaff." DN the 
first of the summer songsters heard in the gardens. Comm 


P. trochi ilus, L. “ Willow-Wren.” This gei Ah "i the 
chiffchaff and is the commonest warbler in the garde 


P. sibilatrix, Bechstein. “ Wood-Wren." A pair came annually 
until 1899 to the oak and beech wood near Temperate House, 
where the song of the male was heard all day long in summer. 


Acrocephalus streperus, Vieillot. ‘“‘Reed-Warbler.” By the lake 
d along river bank. Heard by Mr. W. H. Hudson in 1900. 


Acrocephalus phragmitis, Bechstein. “Sedge-W Not 
uncommon by the lake and river, also along the river —— Ti of 0. 


Aceietor modul L. “Hedge-Sparrow.” Common. This 
has bred in wet. 'azaleas in conservatory, making use of the 
ventilators for exit and entrance. Young cuckoos have been 
found in the nests of this bird. 


Acredula rosea, L. “Long-tailed Titmouse.” This is best seen 
in winter when flocks of eight or ten may be observed carefully 
searching the iar of larches and other trees for the insects on 
which they feed. A.Q. A flock of 10 birds seen Nov. 20, 1901. 


Parus major, L. “Great Titmouse.” Not infrequent in A. 
and Q . 


P. britannicus, L. * Coal-Titmouse." uen numerous than the 
blue and great titmouse, but not uncommo 


P. palustris, L. “ Marsh-Titmouse." Seen occasionally. 


P. coeruleus, L. “Blue Titmouse.” The commonest of the tits 
at Kew. 


6 


Sitta caesia, Wolf. “Nuthatch.” This breeds in Q., and in 
search of food visits every portion of the gardens. It has bred in 
a hollow tree in the garden of Dr. A. Günther, and ased to visit 
daily another garden near the Kew Gardens railway station where 
nuts and other food were placed for it. 


Troglodytes parvulus, K. L. Koch. “Wren.” Not uncommon. 
A pair build annually and often bring off two broods in the 
southern wall-like boundary of that part of the rockery dedicated 
to the cultivation of marsh plan 


Motacilla Aie Taea * Pied Wagtail.” A constant 
resident. Not Nests have been built—and young 
brought ofi ibn: gum rm plants in the vases of the 
kinie between the Palm House and the pond No other species 
of wagtail has been noted at Kew 


Anthus trivialis, L. “ boh S 5n nun visitant, may be 
heard in two or three places every sum 


Lanius collurio, L. “Red-backed Shrike.” A few years ago a 
pair of this species nested and bred near the Palace not far from 
a hive of bees and destroyed large numbers of the insects 


Muscicapa grisola, L. “Spotted Flycatcher.” A pair or two 
in each of the divisions. 
Hirundo rustica, L. “Swallow.” Nests of this species have 


been built against the rafters of cart-sheds, &c., and also in the 
large coke-shed in the shaft-yard. 


P ttes urbica, L. * ez " This has nested against buildings 
n the Gardens out of doo 


Certhia er me D > A. A constant resident, 
not uncomm 


. Carduelis elegans, Stephens. “Goldfinch.” Frequently seen 
in Q., rarely noticed away from that division. 


Chrysometris spinus, L. “Siskin.” In winter small flocks of 
this pretty little bird may sometimes be seen feeding on the alder 
trees by the sides of lake, and also along the river bank. 

Ligurinus Chloris, Z. “Greenfinch.” Not uncommon. 
constant resident. It is difficult sometimes to kee green 
finch away from various cruciferous plants in the herbaceous 
collection—it is oin fond of the seeds of radish and those 
of most of the Brass 


Coccothraustes vulgaris, Pallas. “Hawfinch.” A very shy bird 
and consequently not often seen. On two occasions 


within the 
last reed years dead ones have been picked up in the Arboretum, 
eac 


in winter. A pair seen in garden of Keeper of. 
ac winter 1900-1. 


domesticus, Z. “House-Sparrow.” The commonest 
bird at Kew and the most destructive one. It seems impossible 


7 
by destroying nests, &c., to appreciably lessen its numbers. For 


the yellow crocus being goror much more attacked than the 
blue or white ones. Anemone “aien uit an 4e colours - — 
badly suffered from the Setya s of the A specimen was 
seen Nov. 29th, 1901, with half the bk í egik white ERRE 


Fringilla coelebs, L. “ Chaffinch.” Very common, but curiously 
local in the gardens. The remarks under greenfinch are equally 
applicable to this species. 


F. montifringilla, Z. * Brambling." In some winters large 
numbers of this bird have been observed feeding on the beech- 
mast in A. and Q. 


Linota cannabina, L. “Linnet.” This ^ne bred in Q. and has 
been recently noted there by Dr. A. Günth 


Pyrrhula europaea, Vieillot. **Bullfinch." A constant resident. 
A few pairs are always present within our limits 


Emberiza citrinella, Z. * Yellowhammer." This has not been 
observed nesting within our limits; not unfrequent on some of 
the commons in the neighbourhoo 


 Sturnus vulgaris, L. “Starling.” Common, breeding regularly 
in holes of trees and in roofs of buildings. 


Se us glandarius, L. “Jay.” Twenty-five "pem ago the jay 
s M mon at ok and the magpie quite comm No sees 
Ue is the case—the jay breeds regularly and may be heard 
d seen almost at any time. E March 17th, 1897, i denen a 
flock of eight near Bamboo Gard 


Pica rustica, Scopoli. * et Formerly common, breeding 
annually 25 years ago in wood. Now rarely seen; one noted 
August, 1897. 


Corvus monedula, L. “Jackdaw.” Until within a few years ago 
several pairs used to breed in large old elms on the “strip” near 
Brentford Ferry Gate. The damage inflicted on the dod by storms 
destroyed these breeding places, but the birds continue to build 

nests and rear their young in holes in tree trunks in Q. 


C. corone, L. “Carrion Crow." A rather common bird and 
troublesome on account of the i it commits on the eggs and 
young of the prosmontel waterfowl. Breeds in tops of tall elms 
and other trees in A., P., and Q. (ade in | spite of the fact that every 
se rt is mes to duds its numbe 


ix, L.: “Hooded Crow." zn winter visitor, feeding on 


de mile left by the tide, and associating with the carrion 
crow. 


C. frugilegus, L. “Rook.” A regular visitor, does not breed 
within our limits. 


Alauda arvensis, Z. “Skylark.” This probably remains 
throughout the year in Syon Park and other open places near 
Kew. It is not uncommon 


PICARIAE. 


Cypselus , L. “Swift.” So far as known this does not 
breed within our limits, but it may be seen any summer day flying 
in the garden 


Ca V EA europaeus, L Gey Nightjar.” During t the summer 
months, the * curious reeling, spinning, or whirring song” may be 
heard i in or about the Queen’s Cottage grounds after sunset. 


Dendrocopus minor, L. “Lesser Spotted Woodpecker.. Ta 
resident in the Queen's Cottage Grounds where oud s 
chirping notes may be heard all the year alii the "bird pel 
is exceedingly difficult to see. 


Gecinus viridis, L. “Green Woodpecker.” This breeds regularly 
: e between Azalea Garden and Rhododendron Valley, as well 
n Q. 


ple torquilla, Z. “Wryneck.” This species breeds in the 
gardens and has also bred in Dr. Giinther’s garden in Lichfield 
Road, — the Victoria Gate and Kew Gardens Railway 
Statio 


Alcedo ispida, L. “Kingfisher.” One specimen caught in 
Museum No. l. Sept. 1898. A frequent visitor to ornamental 
water near Museum 1. Not unfrequent round lake 


Cueulus ca L. “Cuckoo.” Young cuckoos have been 
noted in nate of 1 hedge sparrow, whitethroat, throstle and black- 
ird. 


STRIGES. 
Strix flammea, L. “ Barn-Owl" Generally at home in Q. 
where they breed in old trees; their casts are very frequently 
found under old ivy clad trees in various parts of the grounds. 


Syrnium aluco, L. “Tawny Owl.” In Queen's Cottage Grounds. 


ACCIPITRES. 
Accipiter nisus, L. “Sparrow-Hawk.” Quite a frequent visitor. 
Tinnunculus cenchris, L. “Kestrel.” A casual visitor. 
Pandion haliaetus, L. “Osprey.” Seen by Dr. A. Günther in 


Oct. 1899. A few days later reported in “Standard” as having 
been seen in Richmond Park. 


HERODIONES. 
Ardea cinerea, L. “Heron.” een does not breed within our 
dee but I have seen about a at one time on trees in Q. and 


n Old Deer Park. A common "nitor to the lake. 


ANSERES. 


Anas boseas, L. “Mallard.” Wild visitors have frequently 
settled and bred on islands in lake and also in 


COLUMBAE. 


Columba palumbus, L. * Wood-Pigeon." Breeds — in 
all the divisions. Of late years has become exceedingly tame. In 
winter flocks of many hundreds come to feed on the acorns and 
beech mast in A. and Q. 


C. œnas, L. *Stock-Dove." This breeds in A. near pumping 
station meh also in Q. 


urtur communis, Selby. “Turtle-Dove.” An unfailing summer 
visitor to the Queen’s Cottage Grounds where its monotonous low 
creoning note may be heard every day from oh to August. 


Phasianus colchicus, Z. “Pheasant.” Breeds in Q. ek or 
eight fully grown birds have frequently been seen Er one tim 


Perdix cinerea, Latham. “Partridge.” One or two broods are 
seen annually—generally in Q. 


FULICARIAE. 


Rallus aquaticus, L. “ Water-Rail.” On Feb. 21st, 1897, one 
flew t the € of —À L, and killed itself by dashing 
against the glass door of one of the cases—this bird was in all 
oe bability being Saar at the time by a ha wk. 


Crex pratensis, Bechstein. “ Corncrake.” The call of this bird 
may be heard almost any spring day in the meadows of Syon 
House—opposite the Queen’s Cottage Grounds. Much more rarely 
it has been heard in Q. (May 1901) 


Gallinula chloropus, L. **Moorhen." A considerable number 

of broods are hatched annually both in pond and lake. The old 

moorhens kill many of the young of some of the rarer species of 
ucks which venture amongst the reeds near their nests. 


Fulica atra, L. “Coot.” Not an uncommon visitor to the lake. 
Not a permanent resident like the moorhen 


LIMICOLAE. 


Tringoides hypoleucus, L. “ Veron oe aedi Now and then met 
. with along banks of river within our limits. , 

Seolopax rusticula, L. “Woodcock.” A specimen of this bird 
was caught in Q. 12 years ago. 


10 


GAVIAE. 


Sterna fluviatilis, Naumann. “Common Tern.” A tern which 
is believed to be this species is not n d seen along the 
Thames within our limits. 

e argentatus, J. F. Gmelin. “Herring-Gull.” Of late 

ars large numbers of this an come regularly up the Thames 

d i many settle on a lake and pond. Indeed some of these 
wild creatures are tamer than many E eid pinioned ones which 
have been placed on VR pieces of wa 

Larus canus, L. “Common Gull.” iis is abundant too along 
the Thames and many settle on the pond near Museum I., where 
they feed with the other water-fowl. 

Larus ridibundus, L. * Black-headed Gull.” The most abundant 
species along the Thames. A frequent visitor to the lake and 
pond. In its winter bee it is almost impossible to tell this 
species from the common gu 


PYGOPODES. 


Colymbus glacialis, L. “ Great Northern Diver." Thirty years 
ago one of these birds was shot on the lake. ' 

Trachybaptes fluviatilis, Tunstall. “ Little Grebe.” This breeds 
regularly amongst rushes, &c., along the margin of the lake. 

Fratercula arctica, L. “Puffin.” In February, 1891, a bird of 
the previous year was caught on the side of the Thames by 
Brentford Ferry Gate; this specimen had probably followed the 
fortunes of the gulls which now regularly come up the Thames 
in considerable numbers 


3. REPTILIA. 
LACERTILIA. 
Lacerta vivipara. Common lizard. 


OPHIDIA. 


Tropidonatus natrix, L. “The Common Snake." The las 
imen seen—one nearly two feet in length—was killed enn a 
workman many years ago. 


4, AMPHIBIA. 
URODELA. 
SALAMANDROIDEA. 
Triton taeniatus, Schneider. 


T. cristatus, Laur. Both this and the preceding are common 
in and near water in several places within our limits, 


il 


ANURA. 
ARCIFERA, 
Bufo vulgaris, Laur. “The Common Toad. " 


Hyla rubra, Daud. Introduced in a Wardian case from Dominica, 
July, 1898. 


Hylodes martinicensis, Tschudi. The following account of this 
species was published in “ Nature,” October 31st, 1895, p. 643 :— 


“A short time ago Mr. W. Watson, the Assistant Curator of 
Kew Gardens, informed me that he had noticed for several years, 
in some of the hot-houses, specimens of a sma frog, which, 


the spe 
s ago I had ‘the pleasure of receiving three specimens in 
pa condition. 


* The D is Ap ylodes Lene Arse a small arboreal species, 
distributed and s on in many West Indian Islands 
(Martinique, Porto Ric , St. Vincent, Do ominica, Barbados, &c., 


it fest ee n years ago, that he lost sight of it for some time, 
but that it denies about four or five years ago. Taking is 
consideration the few facts with which we are acquainted as t 
the reproduction of this frog, it — a probable that sev e 
specimens of both sexes were, on more than one occasion acci- 
dentally introduced in Wardian aim 


«* However that may be, it is evident that the frogs have freely 
propagated since their introduction. At present they are most 
numerous in the propagating houses, in which the temperature 
ranges between 80 degrees and 100 degrees sinking in winter at 


by the sound, I had soon the Sim sure of seeing one of them 
clinging to the side of a glass cage 


* There is nothing extraordinary in the accidental importation 
of individuals of a tropical species of frog into Europe, but it is 
an interesting experience that the Ape should have permanently 
established itself. This is owing, in the first place, to the favour- 
able conditions under which it found itself placed, and, secondly, 
to the peculiar mode of its propagation 


* Hylodes MEN and probably the majority of its 
congeners, does not spawn in water, but deposits aipa = to 30 
ova on leaves in cdita places. After a fortnight the y 
are hatched in a perfect form, having passed t thro edic: the meta- 
morphosis within the egg, thus escaping the vicissitudes an 
danger to which they woah have been exposed du um the 


12 


“This instance of the acclimatisation in Kew Gardens of the 
‘Coqui’ (as the frog is called in Porto Rico) is unique in 
"onbres life at present. I trust that the little guest may long 

rish where it has found such a congenial home, and where © 
it oliy aids in the destruction of plant-eating "insects and 
woodlice, of which I found great numbers in the stomach of a 
specimen. . —Albert Günther. 


FIRMISTERNA. 
Rana temporaria, L. *' The Common Frog." Not abundant. 


Polypedates quadrilineatus, Wiegm. Introduced with living 
plants from Singapore, 1899. Dr. A. Günther writes concerning 
this :—‘ A common species of tree-frog widely dispersed through- 
out the East Indian Archipelago and Malayan Peninsula. I have 
never previously seen it alive. 


5. PISCES. 


Cottus gobio, L. * Miller's Thumb.” 

Gastrosteus aculeatus, L. “ Three-spined Stickleback.” 

G. pungitius, L. *Nine-spined Stickleback,” 

Leuciscus rutilus, L. “ Roach.” 

L. phoxinus, L. “ Minnow.” 

Tinca tinca, L. var. * Golden Tench.” 

Alturnus alburnus, L. “Bleak.” 

Esox lucius, L. ‘ Pike.” 

Salmo fario, L. “Trout.” 

Anguilla anguilla, L. * Eel." A specimen taken from the Palm 
M € in the summer of 1902 weighed 6lbs. 20z. and was 


With the exception of the aea and trout, the above species are 
all immigrants from the Tham 


6. MOLLUSCA. 
GASTEROPODA. 
Milax Sowerbyi, Fér. 
Agriolimax agrestis, L. “Field Slug.” 
Limax. maximus, L. “ Big grey Slug.” 
Vitrina pellucida, Müll. 


Vitrea lucida, Drap. 

V. cellaria, Müll. 

V. alliaria, Miller. 

Arion ater, L. “ Black Slug." 
A. hortensis, Fér. 
Pyramidula rotundata, Müll. 
Testacella scutulum Sby. 
T. haliotidea, Drap. 
Vallonia pulchella, Müll. 
var. costata, Müll. 
Hygromia hispida, L. 


H. rufescens, Pennant. 

Helicella cantiana, Montagu. 

H. itala, L. 

H. virgata, Da Costa. 

H. caperata, Montagu. 

Helicigona arbustorum, Z. 

Helix hortensis, Müll. * Garden Snail.” 
H. nemoralis, L. “ Wood Snail.” 

H. aspersa, Müll. * Common Snail.” 


Stenogyra PUET Miller. Palm House, March, 1898. A West 
Indian specie 


Cochlicopa lubrica, Müll. 
Pupa cylindracea, Da Costa. 


Subulina octona, Chemn. Common in the propagating pits 


where it was first seen in 1884. A widely distributed tropical 
species. 
Limnaea stagnalis, L. 


L. auricularia, L. 

L. pereger, Müll. 

L. palustris, Müll. 

Physa fontinalis, L. 

P. acuta, Drap. Introduced from Tropical America. 
Planorbis corneus, L. 

P. umbilicus, Müll. 


P. carinatus, Müll. 

P. vortex, L. 

P. contortus, Z. 

P. albus, L. 

Segmentina nitida, Müll. 
Neritina fluviatilis, 7. 
Bithynia tentaculata, L. 
Vivipara contecta, Millet. 


LAMELLIBRANCHIATA. 
Dreissensia polymorpha, Pallas. 
Anodonta cygnea, L. “ Freshwater Mussel.” 
Sphaerium corneum, L. 
S. lacustre, Müll. 


7. ARTHROPODA. 
CRUSTACEA. 
ENTOMOSTRACA. 

By D. J. Scourfield, F.R.M.S. 


The following list of the Entomostraca living in Kew Gardens 
is the result of the examination of a series of collections made at 
the end of December, 1901, and in January, May, August and 
October, 1902. It comprises distributed among 
the orders as follows :—Cladocera 21, Branchiura 1, Ostracoda 12, 


nly i 
gardens is extraordinarily rich for such a limited area. But the 
list also contains a few species of more than ordinary Dese 
The chief of these is, perhaps, the blind Harpacticid Belisari 
viguiert, found in the — collected at the bases of the Sissi in 
Bromeliaceous plants, and in the pitchers of the Pitcher plants. 
Another noteworthy species i Pionocypris tur, gida, which no 
doubt been introduced, probably from Australasia. It is the ed 
example of an exo! otic tomes dune found in 
Canthocamptus bidens is a species not previously found in this 
Pleuroxus ad 


iry serrulatus and Pleuro. 
although found elsewhere before being taken at Kew, have not 
hi been definitely recorded as British. Other rare or little 


known tonoa are Ilyocryptus agilis, Alonella exigua, Potamo- 
cypris , Eurytemora lacinulata, E. affinis, and ig ipu 
bistriatus. Mt of value could be done in regard to any of 


15 


the numerous problems awaiting solution in connection with 
these animals, but the appearance of males and ephippial females 
of the Cladocera were duly noted and have been referred to under 

the different species. It would be a very interesting piece of 


t 
tanks in the gardens, such as the tank near the Jodrell Laboratory, 
the Victoria regia tank,. &c. Such an investigation would 
undoubtedly throw light on many obscure points relating to the 
bionomics of these creatures. 


PHYLLOPODA. 


: Cladocera.* 
Sida, Straus. 


8. erystallina, O.F.M. Only seen from the lake. Specimens 
fairly abundant i in October. 


Diaphanosoma, Fischer. 


D. brac achyurum, Liévin. A few specimens only seen (in August) 
from the pond in front of Museum No. 1. 


Daphnia, O.F. M. 


D. pulex, De Geer. "Tank near Jodrell Laborato ory. Apparently 
present tiroughout the year, but in very varying abundance. 


ce , 
abundant 31st May, much scarcer 23rd August, and only a 
5b : 


ephippial females in December and August. The males were of 
the typical pulex type with one long trailing process from back of 
abdomen 


D. longispina, O.F.M. Two or three specimens (one with 
ephippium) of a form almost exactly similar to that miya by 
oma on Table XIV., Figure 2 of the Clad. Suec., were 

aine ea from ed lake on 3rd Janua ary. The species has not 
in met with aga 


D. hyalina, Leydig. A small form, about j^ without shell spine, 
only found in the pond in front of Museum No. I. ; 
each collection iret DEI to August, but had apparently 
disappeared in Octob 


Scapholeberis, Schoedler. 


S. mucronata, O.F M. Pond in front of Museum No. I., and 
the lake. All the specimens seen were of the cornuta type. 
They occurred pretty abundantly in the lake in Octoher, several 

carrying ephippia. 


* W. Lilljeborg's “Cladocera Sueciae,” Upsala, 1900. has in the main re 
followed for the nomenclature of this order. 


Simocephalus, Schoedler. 


8. vetulus, "n F.M. A common em recorded from the lake, 
pond in front of Museum No. water-ily pond, tank near 
Jodrell pe aat ea and the enis diteh (south of Isleworth 
| Ferry A aste Ephippial females were observed in May and 
Augus 


8. exspinosus, Koch, ? De Geer. Victoria regia tank, tank in 
Winter Garden, and the riverside ditch (both north and "south of 
Isleworth Ferry Gate). Not such a common species as the fore 
going, but it occurred in considerable numbers in the Victoria 
regia tank in October 


S. serrulatus, Koch. Seen only in the lake.  Ephippial 
females obtained in October. This is decidedly a rare British 
: in : 


e Since taken the species in Anglesey and at Richmond Park. 


he Royal 
Microscopical Society and Quekett Microscopical Club, and m 
noticed in the lists of exhibits. 


Ceriodaphnia, Dana. 
C. reticulata, Jurine. The lake. Only noticed in October. 


C. pulchella, Sars. Pond in front of Museum No. I. August. 
This is the form I have hitherto recorded as C. quadrangula 
(O.F.M.), but ita appears from Lilljeborg's monograph that it is 
really Sars's C. pulchella, while on the other hand the species I 
have recorded as C. pulchella should be C. quadrangula. The 

two foris it sod hardly be said are extremely closely allied. 


Bosmina, Baird. 

B. € O.F.M. Occurs pretty constantly in the pond in 
front of Museum No. I. Also seen from the lake. Usually the 
Specimens were gm typical longirostris, but in the pond m 


p 
3lst May were approaching the cornuta type, and o 
23rd pei all were of this varie mo 


Ilyoeryptus, Sars. 


u 
Quekett Micro. Club, ser. 2, vk 5, pp. 429 y Since then I 
have found it three times in the open, namely, in Rollesby and 
A ee Visage 1898, and in the Basingstoke Canal near 
Weybridge, 1 
Eurycercus, Baird. : 
.. EK. lamellatus O.F.M. The lake and the water-lily pond. 


17 


Acroperus, Baird. 
A. harpae, Baird. The lake, pond in front of Museum No. I., 
water-lily pond, and the riverside ditch. 
Alona, Baird (= Lynceus, Lillj.). 
A. affinis, Leydig. Pond in front of Museum No. I. 
A. guttata, Sars. The lake. 
sie Sars. The lake and pond in front of Museum 
o 
Graptoleberis, Sars. 
G. testudinaria, r The lake, water-lily pond, and tank 
near Jodrell Labora 
Alonella, Sars. 
E exigua, Lill eng Water-lily pond. Although 4. exigua 
as recorded as British by Norman and Brady in 1867, it is just 
souls that they "ga not =a have this species but only the 
commoner A. ezcisa, and as n e else seems to have recorded it 
— T. Scott definitely states that all the forms referred to by him 
exigua were actually A. excisa), the e sent may the 
first definite record of the species in this country. 


A. rostrata, Koch. Pond in front of Museum No. I. 


cepe Baird. 
laevis, Si sia z FM in front of Museum No. I., and tank near 
J — Laborato 
x ecd ore Riverside ditch (north of Isleworth 
Ferry Gate). 
P. uncinatus, Baird. Pond in front of Museum No. I. 
neus, Jurine. The lake and the riverside ditch. Although 


iters on our native Entomostraca, so far as I am aware 
under P. trigonellus. 
Chydorus, Leach. 

C. globosus, Baird. Pond in front of Museum No. I., and the 
riverside ditch (south of Isleworth Ferry Gate). A male 7 was seen 
in January from the first-named locality. 

C. sphaericus, O.F.M. Found in nearly every locality examined, 
including the cups formed by the leaves of Bromeliaceous plants. 
Ephippial females were seen at end of May in one of the in 
the winter garden 


BRANCHIURA. 
Argulus, O.F.M. 
oliaceus, Linn. This well-known fish parasite was found 
in the lake by Mr. C. F. Rousselet. 
13757 B 


18 


OSTRACODA.* 
Cypria, Zenker. . 


C. ophthalmica, Jurine. The lake, ie in front of Museum 
No. L, and tank near Jodrell Laboratory 


Cyelocypris, Brady and Norman. 
C. serena, Koch. Riverside ditch. 
Oypris, OFM — — 


C. incongruens, Ramdohr. Only seen from one of the corner 
„tanks in the water-lily house. 


C. obliqua, Brady. Victoria Bay tank, and one or ar of the 
corner tanks in the water-lily hou 


Herpetocypris, Brady and Norman. 


H. reptans, Baird. Riverside ditch (south of Isleworth Ferry 
Gate). 


 Pionocypris, Brady and Norman. 


P vidua, O.F.M. The lake, one of the corner tanks in water- 
lily house, tank near Jodrell Laboratory, and the riverside ditch. 
P. turgida, Sars. Victoriaregia tank,and Azolla tank in water- 
lily house. This species, described as 0% ypridopsis turgida by 
*G. O. Sars in 1894, has only been found hitherto in New Zealand 
and Australia. It is the only unequivocal case of an exotic Ento- 
.mostracon known to be living in Kew Gardens. 
Potamocypris, Brady. 


P.fulva, Brady. This rather rare British species was seen on 
one occasion only in the lake. 


Notodromas, Lilljeborg. 
aas a O.F.M. Riverside ditch (south of Isleworth Ferry 
te). 


Ilyocypris, Brady and Norman. 
iL. biplieata, Koch (= I. bradii, Sars). Tank near Jodrell 
Laboratory. 


: Candona, Baird. 


p esa Koch. Riverside ditch (south of Isleworth Ferry 
ate 


C. fabaeformis, Fischer. Corner tanks in water lily house. 


Norman's * “Monograph of the Marine and Freshwater 


water Ostracoda 
LED W. Europe," 1889 and 1896, has been followed as fara 


19 


COPEPODA.* 
Diaptomus, Westwood. 


D. gracilis, Sars. The lake,and pond in front of Museum No. I. 
Eurytemora, Giesbrecht. 
E. lacinulata, Fischer. The lake; only seen on one occasion, 


E. affinis. » Poppe. Riverside ditch (north of Isleworth Ferry 
Gate). This Species is only found as a rule in brackish water or 
in water having occasional connection with brackish water. | Its 
occurrence in the riverside ditch is COM OR iro bits due to mo 
occasional influx of Thames water 


Cyclops, O.F. M. 4^ 


C. strenuus, Fischer. The lake, pond in front of Museum No. I 
one of the corner tanks in water-lily bouse, and tank near Jodrell 
Laboratory. The form occurring in the pond just referred to was 
always of the vicinus type. 


C. leuckarti, Claus. Seen only in the lake. 


C. oithonoides, Sars. Victoria regia tank, piel and one or 
two of the corner tanks in the water-lily hous 


C. viridis, Jurine. The gigas form occurred in the lake, aiia- 
lily pond, tank near Jodrell Laboratory, and the riverside ditch. 

he brevicornis form was found in the lake, pond in front of 
Museum No. I., and in the central tank in the water-lily house. 


C. bieolor, Sas. Water-lily pond and riverside diteh (south of 
Isleworth Ferry Gate). 


scus, Jurine. Tank near Jodrell Laboratory and Pheer c 
dite besar of Isleworth Ferry Gate). 


C. albidus, Jurine. A common species occurring in the majority 
of the collections made. 


C. bistriatus, Koch (= C. distinctus, Richard). Riverside ditch 
(south of Isleworth Ferry Gate). This is the peculiar form, a 
, deem hybrid Neo C. Sees and C. albidus, first recorded 
as Britis “The Entomostraca of Epping Forest”-— 
hoes Nascar 1898, p. 325). 


^ C. serrulatus, Fischer. A common species found in most of the 

collections s except those from soo indoor warm water tanks. So 
as wa rved, only the varius and macruroides lr ao of 

Liljeborst borat the trinet benig much the commoner. 


C. prasinus, Jurine. The tank near the Jodrell Laboratory i is 
the only eos where this rather rare species has been seen. 


* 0. Schmeil’s * Deutschlands freilebende. Süsswasser-Copepoden ed ,1892-1897, 
followed as far as posible for this Order. 
+ “Synopsis specierum ..... . ee r; Oyolopia" "E s 


13757 ds En 


Canthocamptus. 
C. staphylinus, Jurine. The lake and the water-lily pond. 


C. minutus, Claws. Only obtained from the lake; on one 
occasion by washing damp moss from near the water's edge. 


C. trispinosus, Brady. Tank near Jodrell Laboratory and the 
riverside ditch. 


jointed instead of two. This is certainly a difference of some 
importance, according to the accepted ideas as to the value of the 
structure of the feet for specific determination, but it seems impos- 
sible to place this single character against all the others. This is 
a new record for the British fauna. 
Nitocra, Boeck. 

N. hibernica, Brady. Pond in front of Museum No. I. 


Belisarius, Maupas. 


account of the structure does not agree with what I find in my 
specimens. A possible explanation of these differences in a single 
character may be that both Mrázek and Hartwig had examples in 
different stages of development, neither being quite adult. 


MALACOSTRACA. 
Asellus aquaticus, L. Lake. 
Oniscus asellus, L. “ Woodlouse.” 


21 


Trichoniscus roseus. Rockery. 
Armadillo vulgaris, 7. 
Porcellio scaber, Latr. 


Philoscia muscorum, Scop. 


ANTENNATA. 
By R. I. Pocock, F.Z.S. 
MYRIAPODA. 
CHILOPODA (Centipedes). 


Lithobius forficatus, = ex all the divisions. “Common every- 
where throughout Eur 


Cryptops hortensis, Leach. , Herbaceous ground “Common 
throughout temperate Europe. 


C. anomolans, Newp. Among grass roots close to wall of Old 
Palace, December, 1898. Also in frame ground, Herbaceous 
department. “ This species belongs typically to the fauna of the 
Mediterranean area and has hitherto not been met with elsewhere 
= Great Britain, nor so far north as London in any country of 

urope. 


wer cR morsicans, L. Introduced amongst living plants 
from Ind 


S. subspinipes, Leach. Introduced from the Tropics. 


Geophilus flavus, De Geer (G. longicornis, Leach). ** Common 
throughout Europe." 


G. electricus, Z. “A European ial but not common in 
England.” 


G. sp. In rotten wood at south end of He rbaceous ground, 
* Apparently not identifiable with any British species.” 


Mecistocephalus punctifrons, Newp. “Imported probably from 
India.” 
Stigmatogaster subterraneus, Leach. Amongst old ere end 
of Herbaceous ground. “A common British species 
DIPLOPODA (Millipedes). 


Polydesmus complanatus, L. Common in cool plant houses and 
elsewhere. 


Brachydesmus superus, e. * Common in the south of 
England and in central Euro 


22 
Orthomorpha coarctata, Sauss. Arboretum. 


0. gracilis, Koch. “This species and the nA are world 
wide in their distribution owing to artifical importation 


0. Kelaarti, Humb. Imported amongst living plants from 
Ceylon. : 


Iulus teutonieus, Poc. Rockery, Herbaceous ground, &c. 
* Common in the south of England and Western Europe." 


I. punctatus, Leach. Herbaceous ground. “A common European 
Species." m = 

Blaniulus guttulatus, Bose. — in all the divisions. A 
common European species. 

Typhloiulus sp.? Amongst rotten scone south end of Herba- 
ceous ground; ; 


Shins Goési, Porat. “Distributed all over the world by 
human Yi : 


inocricus  monilicornis, Porat. Importe ed from Barbados 
amongst living plants. “Known also from Demerara, Hayti and 
Bermuda.' 


R. Vincenti, Poc. Introduced in October, 1900, amongst living 
mre eum r^ Vincent, West Indies, * First record of the Species 
in Brita 


Sevri = ? In stoves. . Probably imported from the 
Oriental region 
INSECTA. 
ORTHOPTERA. 
By W. J. Lucas, B.A., F.E.S. 


Of about thirty-nine species of the Order M oes that ie 
be looked upon as British—i.c., that breed in this country—se 
only have so i been recorded from Kew, and some o ee 


wigs—Anisolabis annulipes, Lucas; Labia n 
Forficula auricularia, Linn.; and four Cockroaches—Ph yllo- 
drumia germanica, Linn. ; Blatta orientalis, Linn. ; B. ameri- 


cand, Linn. ; and B. australasiae, Fabr. On the other hand, from 


be considered British, have been found, generally in packages 
arewa Levis from abroad. Such introductions are of course 
to xpec 


Of British species not yet found, search during a season or two 
would no doubt bring to light most of the foliseing as denizens 
of Kew :—Apterygida arachidis, Yers. (in houses); Ectobia 
lapponica, Poem ; Stenobothrus lineatus, Panz.; S. viridulus,’ 
JS. bicolor, Charp.; S. parallelus, Zeii.; Gomphocerus 

tesi rtc mr ; Tettiz bipunctatus, Linn. ; IO bd pune-; 
yeraz Bosc. (on bushes); Meconema varium, Fabr. (on oak, 


3 4 


l. Blatta nd vile nat. size. 4. Chelisoches morio. d (x 3). 
2. Blatta americana, Z., nat, size. 5. gramen: annulipes, Luc. 9 (x 3). 
Be odus morio, Sm 9 (x 8). . Anisolabis annulipes, antenna, 


13757 


23 

lime, &c.) ; ` Gryllus domesticus, Linn, (in houses) ; and Gryllo- 
aig gryllotalpa, Linn. Less likely, but still possible, are :— 
Forficula lesnei, Finot ; Apterygida albipennis, Meg. ( (on flowers) ; 
Ectobia livida, Fabr. ; Stenobothrus rufipes, Zett.; S. elegans, 

harp. ; Gomphocerus rufus, Linn.; Locus usta viridissima, Linn. ; 
Thamnotrizon cinereus, Linn.; Platycleis grisea, Fabr. ; P. bra- 
chyptera, Lipi s and Gryllus campestris, Linn. Details of 
records follow 

1. Anisolabis ammalia, Lucas. Two specimens from Ootan 

adras Presi 


em.—One specimen which came to Kew in su 
Mauritius, August, 1894.—An geo ature female found in a case 
received from Penang about 26th October, 1898. One Indian’ 


that from Pen s immature, a y are named therefore 
with a little diffidence, t sponga there i z practically no doubt about 
their identity. In the species has been found in two or 

e places, but an ps live o ai o ors. It is a somewhat 


aryen insect. The female was figured in the “ Entomologist,” 
vol. xxx., p. 125. (Fig. 5,x3; fig. 5a, antenna 


2. — minor, Linn. Three specimens, two male and on 
female, m pani soil heap in Arboretum Pits, 14th April, 1897. 
It is a pre mmon British species, which readily takes to the 


wing, m is dius cin found around. manure-heaps 

3. Forficula auricularia, Linn. The common earwig, only too 
abundant everywhere. It is by nature an animal feeder. Does 
it do as much damage as is supposed ? 

4. Chelisoches morio, Fabr. 'Two, a male and a female, arrived 
in sugar-cane from Mauritius in August, 1894. "This species had 

not previously been e ien Britain. They were Sd in 
the “ pre tede "yol. , pl. teps <49- (Fig. 3,9 x3; 
fig. 4, 4 x3.) 

5. Phyllodromia germanica, Linn. An immature specimen (no 
doubt this spocie) from Ootacamund, on rite plants, April, 
189 his species is now established in Britain 


6. Ischnoptera sp. A single specimen fo iid i in a Wardian 
= roe from Mr. J. McClounie, of the Scientific Depart-. 
t, Zomba, British Central Africa. The genus isa large one 
aid: the s epe are not clearly de 


7. Blatta orientalis, Linn. Three female specimens from 
Mee quer 1897. No other specimens s have been sent me at any 
me, so I — the species is not established in the gardens. 


8. Blatta , Lin large specimen found in the. 
tropical propagsting - pits, April, 1897.—One mature and three 
immature specimens found alive in a case received 18th October, 
1898, from the Belgian Congo State. Four fine specimens found 
in a case of plants from Singapore, June, 1899, and two mature 
specimens in a package from Burma, March, 1900. This species, 

ich has established itself at the Toe Gardens in Regent's 
Pak, and elsewhere, does not seem to have done so at Kew. (Fig. 2) 


24 


9. Blatta australasiae, Fabr. Unlike the last, this immigrant 
cockroach is well established in the gardens, and, being apparently 
not so much of a scavenger as most cockroaches, does much 
damage to the plants. Apart aes trant Loy on the Spot, a 

umber v i ca from —A 


ma 
um soni ficare from Demerara, about April, 1897.—One 
mature from pit 17A about April, 1897. Was this an intro- 
ed specimen ?—One mature and two immature — 
18th October, 1898, in a ios from the Belgian Congo State.—Àn 
immature Maps probably of this species, oni in a 
ardian case from Calcutta, April, 1901. (Fig. 1.) 


10. imei cinerea, Oliv. Four large specimens—brown in 
colour, their tegmina sprinkled with white dots—found 18th 
October, 1898, in a case from the Belgian Congo State 


11. Naupheta circumvagans, Burm. One received in a Wardian 
case from Calcutta, April, 1901. Colour resembles that of the 
preceding species. 

12. Leucophaea surinamensis, Linn. Two specimens, one mature 
and one e taken in the tropical propagating pits, April, 
1897.—An immature specimen found in cocoa-nut t fibre in one of 
= eraat houses.—An immature specimen received April, €— 

a Wardian case from Dalers. Immature specimens canno 
ail be identified with absolute certainty, but there appears x 
be no doubt in these cases. The conditions under which these 
neris) were found make it possible that they may have been bred : 
at 


13. Copiophora brevirostris, Stal. A full-grown specimen found 
on the underside of the leaf of an aroid. The plant had no name, 
but was recognised as ‘408/93 Curtis, Malaya.’ It is a large 
brilliant green grasshopper, with ovipositor of inordinate tengi. 
Mr. Burr tells me that in the typical brevirostris the last tarsa 
joint is black ; but the specimen probably belongs to the sra 
named. Its home may be the northern part of South America, 
probably Columbia. 

14. Gryllacris sp. A specimen found on Nepenthes in propa- 
gating pits, 6th October, 1897. Being immature the species 

ins undetermined. 

15. Home@ogryllus reticulatus, Fabr. A female vet on 1°th 
October, 1898, in a case from the Belgian Congo State. The 
species varies considerably in wing-length, and colour He breadth 
of elytra. 

16. Gryllodes sp. One received in a Wardian case from Valentia 
Ape a Both sexes are necessary to determine the speci 


z have : fia Mr. Malcolm Burr for assisting me with the 
identification of some of the specimens 


25 


NEUROPTERA. 
By W. J. Lucas, B.A.. F.E.S. 
in Britain we have between 360 and 370 members of the 
heterogeneous group of insects that are usually put together as 
constituting the natural order Newrvptera—a group of insects 
containing a number of divisions which must ultimately be 
separated into several independent natural orders. Some hundred 
pochi of these insects we might expect at Kew, but so far the list 
—eight species—is a meagre one indeed. They are :—Five gem 
flies—ZEschna cyanea, Müll; Æ. grandis, E ; Pyrrhos 
nymphula, Sulz.; Ischnura elegans, Lind. 4 ; Agrion Rodas aud 
um 9 (?); A. puella, Linn.; Enallagma cyathigerum, Charp ; 
one scorpion fly—Panorpa germanica, Linn. 9, taken in 
Queen 8 Cottage Grounds, 10th June, 1902. 
COLEOPTERA. 
By H. H. W. Pearson, M.A., F.L.S. 
ADEPHAGA. 
Carabus violaceus, 7L. 
Notiophilus biguttatus, F. 
Leistus fulvibarbis, Dej. 
Clivina fossor, L. 
Harpalus aeneus, F. 
Pterostichus madidus, F. 
Amara communis, Panz. 
Dytiscus marginalis, L. 
STAPHYLINIDAE. 
Tachyporus hypnorum, F. 
Leistotrophus nebulosus, Pertz. 
Ocyphus compressus, Marsh. Queen's Cottage Grounds. 
Philonthus discoideus, Grav. 
Xantholinus fulgidus, F. a Pits. 
X. punctulatus, Payk. 
X. longiventris, Heer. 
Baptolinus alternans, Grav. 
Othius fulvipennis, F. Queen's Cottage Grounds. 
Platystephus arenarius, Fourc. 
Oxytelus sculptus, Grav. 
Trogophloeus Crichsoni, Sharp. 
Lathrimaeum unicolor, Steph. 


Phloeobium sp. The specimen was found among seeds received 
from Matabeleland and appears to be a new species. 


z 


; CLAVICORNIA. 

-Choleva. Watsoni, Spence. Queen's dien Grounds.. 

Coccinella decempunctata, L. “ Ladybird.” 

C. undecimpunctata, L. “ Ladybird.” 

Chilocorus bipustulatus, L. 

sp. Found among dried specimens of Chinese 

aen ‘Speci of this genus are destructive to dried herbarium 
specim 


re tomentosus, F. On hawthorn. 


LAMELLICORNIA. 
Lucanus cervus, L.. “ Stag beetle." 
Geotrupes stercorarius, L. 
Rhizotrogus solstitialis, Z. “ Small Cockchafer.” 
Melolontha vulgaris, F. ** Large Cockchafer.” 


SERRICORNIA. 
Agriotes sputator, L. “ Wire-worm." 
Telephorus lividus, 7. 
Cis Boleti, Scop. 

LONGICORNIA. 
Prionus coriarius, L. i ; 


Diaxenes dendrobii, Grah. Found in 1898 in bulbs of Tali 
albida imported from Mexico by Messrs. Sander in 1896.—(See 
McDougall in Gard. Chron., 1897, p. 48.) 


PHYTOPHAGA. | 
Phaedon cochleariae, F. 
Podagrica fuscipes, L. On mallows. 
Cassida viridis, F. 

HETEROMERA. 
Scaphidema metallicum, F. Queen’s Cottage TE E 
Tenebrio guineense, Imhoff. Imported from Sierra Leone. 
Helops striatus, Fourc. Queen’s Cottage Grounds. | 
.Rhinosimus planirostris, F: i 
Anaspis maculata, Fourc. On hawthorn. 


2T 


RHYNCHOPHORA. 
" Araeocerus fasciculatus, De Geer. With a dried plant from 
Szemao. Ado said to attack coffee and cacao. (See Lucas in 
Ann. Soc. Ent. France," 1861, 399.) 
Rhynchites aequatus, L. On hawthorn. 
Phyllobius pyri, L. On hawthorn. 
P. maculicornis, Germ. On hawthorn. 


Sitones lineatus, L, “ Pea-weevil.” 


Xyleborus morigerus, Blandford. “Dendrobium beetle.” (See 
Gard. Chron. [3], xxiv. (1898), p. 388, fig. 112.) 


HYMENOPTERA. 
FORMICIDAE. (Ants.) 
By Lt.-Col. C. T. Bingham. 
Ants as a class greatly affect plants, either for food or shelter. 


Many species are truly ar rampe making their nests among the 
leaves of trees or in hollow the trunk or branches. Others 


2S 
B 
© 
=] 
üS 
AE 
E 
®© 
$ 
o 
et 
m 
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Hh 
T 
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B 
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e 
c 
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25 
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EE 
& N 


veg and 
carnivores. wander more or less over trees and plants in "their 
search for food. It is not therefore voile that numerous 
species have been transported from their natural habitat with 
living plants and are to be found in the plant houses and conser- 


inent myrmecologist, has published one such list of ants as an 


to 
useum, Hambu g (© Mittheilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen 
Museum,” xviii., 1901, pp. 78-82). 
om time to time lately a and ants have been forwarded for 
erem to the Natural His ry Museum, South Kensington, 
ist o 


appended. The number so far has been small, but all the sub-, 
— of the "Formicidae, with the exception of the Dorylinae, 
represented. 


Ponerinz, 
-Diacamma v vagans, Smith, Tourn: Linn, Soc. Pil: iv. (mox: 
suppl., p. 103. * Received jn Ward's case from J 


1895." Found in various paris of Ee Burma, and Ceylon, 
ranging into. the Malayan subregion. — faa round Calcutta 
Identified by Mr. W. F. Kirby. 


28 


Myrmecina, 
gg hene agisce, Nyl., Acta, Soc. Sc. Fennic., ii. € p. 929 
9 $, pl. 18, figs. 5 a nd 30. “In little piece of rotten wood in 
iud 8 Qutage, May, 1902." Distributed through Europe, pats 
of Asia, and North America. A common British specie 

Monomorium pharaonis, Linn., Syst. Pie Ed. 10th, i., m i ges 
“Taken from flowers of Cereus sent from greenho 
Herbarium.” A ubiquitous —— spread ud d uM ^ 

well as the temperate regions of the globe. 


geet ren scutellaris, Oliv., me mae: Ins. vi., 1791, 
p. 197 Com 


ong virgin cork." ut urope 
Specimens Wee were remarkably fine sre host 
Triglypho thrix — hue striatideus, Eméry, Ann. Mus. Civ 
Gen. — (1889), p “In propagating pits." Widespread. 
Recorded from Tun, rci Leone, Ceylon, and Burma 


n * Found in pseudobulbs of orchids from Trinidad 
(propagating pits).” These ants were sent to the museum in May, 
1897, and were — to be “driver ants!" The true driver 
ant occurs in Africa, is carnivorous, and belongs to the Doryline. 
From the fact that in the letter from Dr. Günther to Mr. Nicholson 
the ants were said to strip ar of their leaves, I suspect the 
species sent was really an 


Dolichoderine. 


Dolichoderus sp. “Taken from flowers of Cereus sent from 
greenhouse No. V. to Herbarium.” The specimens were Paper Mr 
in fragments, and it was impossible to make out the spec 


Technomyrmex albipes, Smith, Journ. Linn. Soc., vi. 5 861), 
p.38. “Palm house.” Found in the Indo-Malayan region, but 
introduced into many parts of the world. 


Camponotine. 

Lasius niger, st. brunneus, Latr., Ess. Hist. Fourmis France, 
1798, p. 41. “On young dead sparrow n ear Herbarium.” Dis- 
tributed through Europe, northern Asia, and North America. A 
common British species. 


L. niger, st. oe Först., Hym. Stud., i., 1850, pp. 36 and 71. 
* From two colonies in grass. Herbarium grounds." Distributed 
through Europe, DURUM and central Asia, and North America. 
À common British species. 


L. flavus, Fabr., Spec. Ins., i., 1781, p. 491. “ Among grass 
roots at foot of wall of House No. E Distributed through p^ 
northern Asia, and North hain A common British species 

Prenolepis nitens, Mayr, Verh. zool. bot. ver. Wien, ii. a852), 
p. 144. “Tropical fern house.” Europe to Eastern Asia. 
rare and introduced in gland. 

P. longicornis, Latr 5 Ae Nat. Fourmis, 1802, p. 113. 
* Propagating pits.” ariety with antenne somewhat shorter 


29 


than in typical specimens. Introduced into many parts of the 
world. Common all over Indi d Has been recorded from London, 
Exeter, Hastings, and Cambridg 


HEMIPTERA. 
COCCIDAE. (Scale-insects.) 
By R. Newstead, A.L.S., &c. 


The following Epor of 24 genera and 45 species 
represents about one half of all the species which have been 
found within the British Isles, and far surpasses any other record 
for an equal area. 

Of the 45 recorded eund 11 may be considered gu) peek 
and the remaining found under glass, are exotics, and 
been introduced on im ported plants. Of the latter, 14 have ot 
been found elsewhere in the British Isles ; and deri nia kewensis, 
Newst., a Ripersia filicicola, Newst., have not, so far as is at 
present known, been met with in any other r part of "s world. 

It is importan nt to note that four of the introduced species, 


parisitic fungi, and in the three latter by careful attention and the 
application of insecticides. On the other hand several destructive 
species are apparently on the increase and difficult to check by 
means of insecticides or by ordinary fumigation methods. 

The work of collecting v coccids has been carried on chiefly 
by Mr. Nicholson, F.L.S., who has discovered several interesting 


, Ch 
kindness of the dh ag visited "the Royal. Gardens and made 
several collections of the Coccide. The results of their researches 
will be found in the volumes of the Entomologist's Monthly 
Magazine. Mr. J. W. Douglas has also dealt with several important 
Species in the same publication. 


Explanation of the signs used :— 
* Species found living under glass. 
t Species not known to occur elsewhere in the British Isles. 
i Species not known to occur outside the British Isles. 
$ Indigenous species. 


Diaspine. 
Aspidiotus, Bouché. 
*tA. ficus, Riley. (All stages.) On Garcinia Cambogia ; 
Lonchocarpus Barteri, Benth. ; Eugenia malaccensis ; E. poly- 
EA and Plumeria incarnata. This species is one of the 


30 


largest and most destructive members of the genus, but does not 
appear to increase very rapidly k Kew, HOPE several broods 
are apparently produced in a yea 


*t A. personatus, Comstock. Bx only.) On Tillandsia spp. 
The minute thimble-shaped puparium of this species readily 
distinguished it from any of its allies. It is a neotropical species, 
and is very common in the West Indies. 


A. perseae, Comst. (Females only.) On Anthurium sp. First 
xd from Kew 1889; but has not since been met with 
in any part of the British Isles. 


TA cag pea Comst. (Females only.) Previously recorded in 
error by Newstead as a cy done (Ent. Mo. Mag., 1897, p. 74). 
Occurred in. Bees bers e huge dead. leaf-stalks of the 
magnificent and are eerte epechnon of Arenga saccharifera 
from the Malay Archipelago. 


= $A. britannicus, Newstead. (Females and en ies On 
— Hi <= oe sum ; Ilex Aqu cose var. kew and on ivy 
d box abundant t, and und € edly on utl increase, and 

; mes in Pug Een a destructive a 


*A. hederae. (Females and male CUM A general feeder. 
Previously recorded under the names A. nerii, Bouché, and 
A. ales, Boisduval. A widely distributed and injurious epoetós. 


*A. cyanophylli, Signoret. shea only.) Found in small 
numbers on Miconia magnifica 


*A. dictyospermi, var. arecae, Newst. (Females only.) Sparingly 
in the Palm House on young palms. 


Gymnaspis, Newst. 
. *[G. aechmeae, Newst. (All ^ pH = T Larga male.) On 
ea aio dope This species trikin Astron 


second stage female. Its ‘city other known habitat is Rio de 
Janeiro, where it has recently been found on cultivated plants. 
It was common at Kew when first entier in 1898. 

Fiorinia, Targioni-Tozzetti. 


*1F. kewensis, News, (Females mist mes puparia.) numer 
n How ea for steri in the Temperate House. Discovered by 
Mr. G. Nic cholson in pm h, 1898. The species is Paseo for 
the dense white felted covering of the puparium. 
Parlatoria, Targ. Tozz. 


*P. pergandii var. Crotonis, Douglas. (Females and male 
p) Very common on various members of the croton 
family 


Diaspis, Costa. 


a Boisduvalii, Sign. (All stages but perfect male:) On Cocos 
neoffiana, — eliconia goeree. Nannorrhops Titchieana, 


E 


echmea mexicana, Pitcairnia br omeliaefolia, P. latifolia, P. alta, 
Bactris acanthocarpa, and. Euterpe speciosa, pernicious species, 
found almost everywhere on cutüvdod plants, and is often very 
destructive to young pot palms 


t§D. earueli. (Females and male puparia.) Infesting and 
o he 


rom se 
cuttings is hot known. It is from variety horizontalis—an old 
collection plant, and is probably from cuttings.” (Nicholson, in 
lit., March, 1898. 


D. calyptroides, Costa. Common in the succulent house. 
Aulacaspis (Diaspis), Cockerell. 


SA. rose, Bouché. (Females and male puparia). Abundant on 
Rosa spp. in the open air. This is the common “ scurfy-scale” of 
the rose, both cultivated and wild. 


TA. p ny Targ. Tozz. (Females and male puparia.) Hab 
‘on Prunus Pseudo-cerasus freshly imported from Japan. About 


It is a pest in many parts of the world, and is very destructive to 
the mulberry in Southern Europe. . 


Poliaspis, Maskell. 


*tP. cycadis, Comst. (Female and male puparia.) Very 
Bue on Cycas revoluta, C. media, C. celebica, Zamia 
"mur icta, and Z Loddigesii 


| Chionaspis, Signoret. 


$C. salicis, Linn. (Females and male paparié,) Common o 
pn (Fraxinus excelsior) and on Syringa vulgaris. Tt isa ahl 
r, but is most commonly met with on ash, willow and alder 
pon hon a). 


*C. aspidistrae, Sign. (Females and male puparia.) On Cocos 
plumosa, Heliconia metallica, Polypodium aureum, and Cordyline 
australis. In this country the species is decidedly partial to 
“ferns. 


*łC. biclavis, Comst. (Females usd On Anona muricata. 
First recorded by Mr. A. C. F. Morgan, F.L.S. (Ent. Mo. Mag. 
s.s. vol. iii., p. 15), and not since met with. This Sle has the 
remarkable power of burrowing under the bark of its food plants, 
or under the epidermal layer of hairs, woolly filaments or 
.seales, &c., completely casein: itself and its puparium. 
 Mytilaspis, Sign. 
8M. , Bouché. (Females only. Common on Rites 
sanguineum, ` R. prostratum, Ceanothus papillosus, Cornus ay 
var. Spaethii, C. sanguinea, Eleagnus ai gentea, 
laris, Salix sp. (Hybrid alpine willow). - This is the species known 
to horticulturists as the “‘ Mussel Scale.” It is a very general E 
.but is partial to ne cultivated apple and cotoneaster. The fei 
are for the most part parthen ogenetic ; the males having been 


32 


discovered but twice since the time of Linneus, although ione 
attention er been given to the species by students in various part 
of the w 


"TN. EEEN Bouché. (Females only.) First recorded 
from HA on Cymbidium pendulum, by Mr. Douglas (Ent. Mo, 
Mag., vol. xxiv., p. 21. Not since met with in the British Isles. 


Pinnaspis, Cockerell. 


*P. buxi, Bouché. (Females only.) Recorded also as P. pandani 
and Mytilaspis buxi, which are synonyms. Occurs abundant b 
on Licuala grandis, Daemonorops lewisianus and Chrysalido- 
carpus lutescens. A form having a white puparium, which agrees 
with Cockerell's var. albus, occurred in great numbers on the 
last-named plant 


Ischnaspis, OMM 


*I. filiformis, Doug. (Females and male puparia. Common on 
Diospyrus discolor. Remarkable for the long narrow form of the 
puparia, which look like little bits of black thread. 


Lecaniinae. 
Lecanium, J/liger. 


*L. hesperidum, Linn. (Females only.) On Rondeletia amoena, 
Meryta Denhamii, Mangifera indica, Schinus terebinthifolia, 
Nephrodium villosum, Bertolonia Pe Lucuma multiflora, Dal- 
bergia lanceolaria, and in the open air on Hedera sp., &c. This 
is a widely distributed iue common scandal pest. 


*L. longulum, Doug!. (Females only.) Sparingly on leaves of 
Heliconia metallica, Rheedia sp.,and on Averrhoa Carambola and 
— blandum 


MA Neitner. eal only.) On Heliconia metallica 
und Tins 


*L. zone Newst. (Females only.) Swarming on Caryota 
and other pene and freely also on Eugenia malaccensis, Dios- 
pyros sp., Cinnamonum sp., Coccoloba sp., and Philodendron sp. 
This flat black "ihisiihe Species is very conspicuous on the white 
undersides of the leaves of certain palms 


*L. hemisphaerieum, Targ. Tozz. (Females only.) On Coffea 
liberica, C. arabica, Stangeria schizodon, Eranthemum cinna- 
barinum, E. albiflorum, Clerodendron speciosum, Bowenia 
mee car test edulis, Nepenthes rafflesiana, Eugenia 

is ron argenteum, Alsophila pruinata, 
Chr yeophytium visits Citrus Aurantium, uerit. quadri- 
faria, J. Gendarussa, Jacobinia ghiesbreghtiana, Cassipourea 
edid and many ferns 

§L. persiem var. - Corpli, Z Linn. ee only.) On Ribes 
sanguineum, Rp prostratum, Wistaria sp., Cytisus scoparius, Coto- 

neaster spp. and Spiraea ras dt erat "hi s species is generally 
known as the “ gooseberry scale" in this country, 


33 


§Lecanium capre, Linn. (Females only.) On Ulmus cam 
pestris. 

*L. olew, Bernard. (Females and male puparia.) On Spathelia 
simpler, Miconia magnifica, Aralia elegantissima, El 
orientale, Carissa spinarum, goce Sp., Ley 3. Mo ma- 
bacca, Cephaelis Ipecacuanha, Anthu mag m, and 
Ca TER spinosa. The brown form, L. “feat of Curtis, | is also 
commo 
PORA Targ. Tozz. 

$P. vitis, Linn. On Salix sp. (Females only.) 

*P. floccifera, Westwood. (Females amia On Anguloa Clowesii, 
Lycaste Skinneri, and Plumeria rubra 
Vinsonia, Signoret. i 

*V. stellifera, Westwood. (Females only.) On Tovomita 
amazonica. A few imperfect females only of this beautiful 
species. 
Physokermes, Targ. Tozz. 

§ P. abietis, Geoffroy. (Females only.) On spruce fir (Picea 
excelsa). This interesting and poc protective form is not 
known to attack any other kind of plan 


Dactylopiinae. 
Asterolecanium, Targ. Tozz. 

*tA. bambusae, Boisduv (Females only.) Abundant on 
Bambusa lyar and Ma species of bamboo in the palm house, 
Ripersia, Signoret. 

*tR. fllicicola, Newst. (All stages but the perfect male.) On 
Trichomanes spicatum. Discovered by Mr. Nicholson in Feb- 
ruary, 1897. Easily distinguished by the beautifully iridescent 
filaments forming the outside of the ovisaes of the female and 
the puparia of the male. 

Dactylopius, Costa. 

D. citri, Boisduval. Ud = LE ) The most injurious of all 
the “ mealy bugs" and almost omnivorous. Mr. Nicholson also 
obtained it out of doors e Ho 

*D. longispinus, Targ. Tozz. (Females only.) On Stangeria 

izodon, Flacourtia sepiaria, various ms and coffee leaves. 
It is less common than the preceding speci 
Cryptococcus, Dougl. 

C. fagi, Barensprung. eS pe only.) This is the beech 
coccus which is sometimes so destructive in the British Isles. 
Apterococcus, Newst. 

fraxini, Newst. (Females and male puparia.) Confined 
exclusively to the ash (Fraxinus excelsior). 

13757 o 


Coccus, Linn. 


|. *fC. tomentosus, Lam. (In all stages.) On Opuntia fulgida. 
This insect was recorded (Ent. Mo. Mag., 1897, p. 76) as new to 
_ Britain. But there is a record in Yo HN at the eou ce 
Magazine of its yo at Kew ear 1827, he 
spineless cochineal fig. (Cactus EI. It is apparently 
one of the three b cg of cochineal used in commerce 


Gymnococcus, Dougl. 


*1G. agavium, Dougl. (Females only.) Recorded for the first 
time and described as new by Mr. Douglas, Ent. Mo. Mag., 1888, 
p. 150. 


Ortheziinae. 
Orthezia, Bosc. 


*0. insignis, Dougl. (All stages.) Chiefly on Stove Acanthads, 
It is a beautiful species, but very hard to destroy. (See also Kew 
Bull., 1895, p. 162.) 


Monophlebinae. 
Icerya, Sign. 
*tI. Hgyptiacum, oe (Females only.) The plant on 


which the insects were imported was, fortunately, argo ed, and 
no trace of this peban species has since been see 


LEPIDOPTERA. 
By R. South, F.E.S. 


The accompanying list e one hundred and fifty species of moths 
and butterflies observed in the gardens can only be regarded as. 
provisional. The Lets upon which it is based were forüished 
to the authorities at Kew by several observers and at various dates 
during the — six or seven years. So far there does not appear 

to ha n any serious attempt made in the direction of ascer- 
endis the lepidopterous fauna of the area. "There is little doubt 
that if all the methods adopted by the practical entomologist in 

is field work were brought into action the results during even à 
single season would considerably increase the present total. 


Among these devices is “ sugaring,” which is. much i in Ms s 


t t 
thrust into the seductive mixture. The revellers may then be 
easil in boxes, or, if not otherwise "En their names 


2 35 
noted on the spot. A few erporiments in “sugaring” were essayed 
during the autumn of 1902, b t the weather was so ungenial that 
very few moths were o 


Artificial light has a great attraction for many moths, and 
illuminated traps are used by some entomologists with grand 
rome iud it might be arranged for some such contrivance 

o be up in one of the glades of the gardens, or somewhere in 
ihe vicinity of the lake. 


Obviously, the practice in the gardens is to destroy at once all 
I 


Y 
Lepidoptera. A very large number of species belonging to this 
order feed only at night, and these Set then be readily found by 
simpy ae shrubs and low growing plants by the aid of a 
lante 


Seeing how frequently insects of foreign origin are brought into 
England, even among consignments s of garden produce, it might 
be expected that various exotic Bo of Lepidoptera would put 
in an appearance at Kew. The only record of this nature appears 
to be that of a specimen of Erebus odora, L., a member of the 
a aiy Erebidae. This moth, which measures some six 

es in expanse, is a native of Jamaica ; it was found 
in the Ew pit in ine gardens i in 1899. 

In addition to the species enumerated in the list seven others 
have been recorded, but these have not been seen by the compiler 
pr it seems desirable to await further evidence of their ox IM ORO 

n the gardens before including them in na list. They may, 
eevee. be mentioned here and are as follow 

Leucophasia sinapis, L. (2 specimens in poor condition and 
1 ae June, 1896.) 


ia palemon, Pall. (5 specimens, all seen same day, 
95.) 


Pelosia muscerda, Hufn. (3 specimens found at dark on quince 
tree, 1902.) 
Apamea connexa, Bork. (1 specimen in poor condition, 1899.) 
Agrotis pyrophila, Fb. (1 specimen, marked “ Kew,” no date.) 
 Acontia luctuosa, Esp. (1 specimen, marked “ Kew," no date.) 


Catocala sponsa, L. (Fairly common, attracted by light, 1900.) 


PIERIDAE. 
Pieris brassice, L. “ Large White.” ` 
P. rape, L. * Small White." a 
13757 Ee DO 


36 
Pieris napi, L. “ Green-veined White.” 
Euchloé cardamines, L. “ Orange Tip.” 
Gonepteryx rhamni, L. “ Brimstone.” 


NYMPHALIDAE. 
Argynnis euphrosyne, L. “ Pearl-bordered Fritillary.” 
A. paphia, L. “Silver-washed Fritillary." 
Vanessa polychloros, L. “ Large Tortoise-shell." 
V. urtiem, Z. “Small Tortoise-shell." 
V. io, L. “Peacock.” 
V. atalanta, L. “ Red Admiral." 
V. cardui, L. * Painted Lady.” 


SATYRIDAE. 
Pararge egeria, L. * Speckled Wood." 
P. megaera, L. “The Wall." 
Epinephele ianira, L. ** Meadow Brown." 
E.tithonus, L. * Large Heath." 
Aphantopus hyperanthus, L. ‘“ The Ringlet.” 
Coenonympha pamphilus, L. “Small Heath." 


LYCAENIDAE, 
Zephyrus quercus, L. ‘ Purple Hairstreak.” 
Callophrys rubi, L. “ Green Hairstreak." 
Chrysophanus phloeas, L. “Small Copper." 
Lycaena icarus, Rott. “Common Blue." 
Cyaniris argiolus, Z. * Azure Blue.” 


ERYCINIDAE. 
Nemeobius lueina, Z. “Duke of Burgundy.” 


HESPERIIDAE, 
Hesperia malve, L. * Grizzled Skipper." 
Augiades sylvanus, Esp. “Large Skipper.” 


: SPHINGIDAE. 
Sphinx ligustri, L. “ Privet Hawk." 
Smerinthus ocellatus, L, ** Eyed Hawk." 
S. populi, Z. * Poplar Hawk. 
Dilina tiliae, L. * Lime Hawk." 


31 


ZYGAENIDAE. 
Zygaena filipendulae, L. *Six-spotted Burnet.” 


CYMBIDAE. 
Hylophila prasinana, L. “ Green Silver Lines.’ 


NOLIDAE. 
Nola cucullatella, Z. “ Short Cloaked.” 


EUCHELIIDAE. 
Callimorpha dominula, L. “Scarlet Tiger." 


ARCTIIDAE. 
Arctia caia, L. “Tiger Moth.” 
A. villica, L. “Cream Spot Tiger.” 
Spilosoma lubricipeda, Esp. ‘ Buff Ermine.’ 
S. menthastri, Esp. * White Ermine.” 


HEPIALIDAE. 
Hepialus humuli, Z. “Ghost Swift.” 
H. lupulinus, L. “Common Swift.” 


COSSIDAE. 
Zeuzera pyrina, L. “Leopard Moth.” 


LYMANTRIIDAE. 
Euproctis chrysorrhea, L. “Brown Tail.” 
Stilpnotia salicis, Fues. “Satin Moth.” 
Dasychira pudibunda, L. ‘ Pale Tussock." 
Orgyia antiqua, L. “ Common Vapourer." 


LASIOCAMPIDAE, 
Eriogaster lanestris. L. ‘Small Eggar.” 
Lasiocampa quercus, L. “Oak Eggar.” 
Cosmotriche potatoria, L. “The Drinker.” ` 
DREPANIDAE, 
Drepana binaria, Hufn. “Oak Hook-tip ” 
Cilix glaucata, Scop. “Chinese Character” 


38 
NOTODONTIDAE. 
Dicranura vinula, L. “Puss Moth.” 


Pygaera eurtula, L. “ Chocolate-tip." 
Phalera bucephala, L. * Buff-tip." 


CYMATOPHORIDAE. 


Polyploca flavicornis, L. “ Yellow-horned." 


NOCTUIDAE. 
Bryophila perla, Fab. “ Marbled Beauty.” 
Acronycta tridens, Schiff. “ Dark Dagger." 
A. psi, L. * The Dagger." l 
A. megacephala, Fab. “Poplar Grey.” 
Diloba caeruleocephala, L. “ Figure-of-eight Moth.” ` 
Leucania conigera, Fab. * Brown-line Bright-eye." - 
L. comma, L. “Shoulder-striped Wainscot.” 
L. impura, Hübn. “Smoky Wainscot.” 
L. pallens, L. “Common Wainscot.” 
Calamia phragmitidis, Hübn. ‘“ Fen Wainscot.” 
Gortyna ochracea, Hübn. _“ Frosted Orange." 
Hydraecia nictitans, Bork. * Ear Moth.” 
H. micacea, Esp. “ Rory Rustic." 
Axylia putris, Z. “The Flame." 
Xylophasia lithoxylea, Fal. * Light Arches.” 
X. monoglypha, Hufn. * Dark Arches." 
Dipterygia scabriuscula, L. “ Bird's Wing." 
Epineuronia popularis, Fab. “ Feathered Gothic.” 
Mamestra brassicae, L. “Cabbage Moth.” 
M. persicariae, L. * The Dot.” 
M. didyma, Esp. - “The. Common Rustic." 
Miana strigilis, Clerck. “ Marbled Minor." 
Grammesia trigrammica, Hufn. "'Treble-bar." 
Caradrina quadripunctata, Fab. * Pale mottled Willow." 
Agrotis suffusa, Hiibn. “Dark Sword-grass.” | 


49 


Agrotis exclamationis, L. “Heart and Dart." 

A. corticca, Hiibn. “ Heart and Club." 

A. nigricans, L. “Garden Dart.” 

Noctua angur, Fab. “ Double Dart.” 

N. plecta, L. “Flame Shoulder." 

N. c.-nigrum, L. “ Setaceous Hebrew Character." 

N. festiva, Hübn. “ Ingrailed Clay.” 

N. umbrosa, Hiibn. *“ Six-striped Rustic.” 

N. xanthographa, Fab. “ Square-spot Rustic.” 

Triphaena comes, Hübn. “ Lesser yellow Underwing." 

T. pronuba, L. “ Large yellow Underwing." 

Naenia typica, L. '* The Gothic." 

Pachnobia rubricosa, Fab. * Red Chestnut.” 

Taeniocampa gothica, L. “ Hebrew Character.” 

T. stabilis, View. ** Common Quaker." 

Orthosia suspecta, Hiibn. ‘‘ The Suspected.” 

Anchocelis litura, L. ** Brown-spotted Pinion.” 

Cerastis vaccinii, L. “ The Chestnut.” 

Xanthia citrago, L. “ Orange Sallow.” 

X flavago, Fab. “The Sallow.” 

Calymnia trapezina, L. “ Dun-bar.” 

Hecatera serena, Fab. “ Broad-barred White.” 

Agriopis aprilina, L. “ Marveil du Jour.” 

Euplexia lucipara. L. “Small Angle Shades.” 

Phlogophora meticulosa, L. ‘‘ Angle Shades." 

Aplecta nebulosa, Hufn. “Grey Arches.” 

Cucullia umbratica, L. * The Shark.” 

Plusia chrysitis, L. “ Burnished Brass.” 

P. gamma, L. “Silvery Moth.” 

Catocala nupta. L. “Red Underwing." 
GEOMETRIDAE. 

Uropteryx sambucaria, L. “ Swallow-tail Moth.” 

Rumia luteolata, L. “Brimstone Moth.” 

Metrocampa margaritaria, L. “ Light Emerald, 


4U 
Crocallis elinguaria, Z. ‘Scalloped Oak." 
Biston hirtaria, L. * Brindled Beauty.” 
Hemerophila abruptaria, Thnb. * Waved Umber.” 
Geometra papilionaria, L. “Large Emerald." 
Hemithea strigata, Müll. * Common Emerald." 
Acidalia aversata, L. * Riband Wave." 
Bapta temerata, Hiibn. “The Clouded Silver." 
Bupalus piniaria, L. * The Bordered White." 
Abraxas grossulariata, L. “The Magpie.” 
Larentia didymata, L. **'Twin-spot Carpet." 
Melanthia bicolorata, Hufn. * Blue-bordered Carpet.” 
Melanippe sociata, Bork. * Common Carpet." 
M. montanata, Bork. *Silver-ground Carpet.” 
Camptogramma bilineata, L. ‘The Yellow Shell." 
Cidaria testata, L. ‘The Chevron." 
Eubolia limitata, Scop. ‘Small Mallow.” 
Tanagra atrata, L. “The Chimney Sweeper. ' 


PYRALIDAE. 
Pyralis farinalis, L. “The Meal Moth.” 
Hypsopygia costalis, Fab. “The Gold Fringe.” 
Eurrhypara urticata, L. “Small Magpie.” 
Scopula olivalis, Schiff. 
Pionea forficalis, L. “Garden Pebble.” 
. Crambus pratellus, L. * Dark Inlaid Veneer." 
C. inquinatellus, Schiff. *'The Barred Veneer." 
C. geniculeus, Haw. * Elbow-striped Veneer." 
C. culmellus, L. “Small Straw-coloured Veneer.” 


PTEROPHORIDAE. 
Alucita pentadactyla, L. “The White Plume Moth.” 


TORTRICIDAE. 
Tortrix xylosteana, L. “Forked Red-bar." 
T. sorbiana, Hübn. “The Hazel Tortrix.” 
T. ribeana, Hübn. ‘Common Oblique-bar.” 
T. viridana, Z. “The Green Tortrix.” 


41 
Penthina variegana, Hiibn. 
Hedya ocellana, Fab. 
Aspis udmanniana, L. “The Udmannian." 


TINEIDAE. 
Blabophanes rusticella, Hübn. 


YPONOMEUTIDAE. 
Yponomeuta cognatellus, Hiibn. 
Y. evonymellus, L. * Full spotted Ermine.” 


ELACHISTIDAE. 
Elachista argentella, Clerck. 


GALLS. 


The puncture of plant-tissues by insects, mites, and other small 
animals, the deposition therein of ova, and the subsequent develop- 
ment of the animals, induce hypertrophies of various kinds which 
are — as “galls.” An account of the galls observed in the 
gardens, and the names of the insects responsible for them, 
VERAS finds iis adul position here. 


GENERAL. 
By Prof. J. W. H. Trail, F.R.S. 


The few galls enumerated below must represent only a small 
rt of the forms that occur in or near the gardens, but they are 
those seen by myself in passing through at various times. Most 
of them were found in the Queen's Cottage Grounds one forenoon 
in July, 1899. No doubt many others would reward careful and 
systematic work throughout the year; yet the trees, irn bas and 
herbs cultivated in the gardens appear to be remarkably free from 
galls. Those mentioned here were found inire Wscldevely on 
the wild flora. For convenience of reference they are arranged 
d the hod iiia after the method usually followed. 
Hypericum quadratum. Terminal leafbud swollen, its two outer 
leaves touching edge to edge and slightly hypertrophied and 
keeled near their bases, often reddish. Caused by a midge, 
Perrisia serotina (Winn.). 
Tilia. On the species of this genus galls are frequent. 
scences, on midribs of bracts, à ‘peduncles or 
pou. with a smooth surface, yellowish green or i. Each contains 


or more cavities tenanted by larve of a mis Contarinia 
Mia, Kffr. 


42 


- (b. Margin of leaf is slightly thickened but not discoloured, 
and forms a narrow tube here and there towards base. Usually 
the galls are short, but sometimes a number are united so as to 
extend an inch or more along the margin. In the tubes live gall- 
mites, Eriophyes tetratrichus, Nal 


(c-). Upper surface of leaf bears reddish — galls like small 
nails in form fix "s o it by one end. The e hollow, and open 
by a small hole s se lower surface. s sd live gall-mites, 
Eriophyes Tiliae TPorenst, ). 


ith 
ii reddish prominent galls, each hollow, opening by a hole on 
the lower surface, among hairs. In each live sella e, Eriophyes 
macrorhynchus, Nal. 


Trifolium repens, L. Pinnz remain folded, but become thickened, 
inflated, and TE reddened. Caused by a gall-midge, Perrisia 
T'rifolii (E. L 


uliginosus, Schkuhr. Budgalls formed of an atrophied 
bud surrounded by stipules and stunted leaves, all somewhat 
thic keak caused by a midge (? Posin loticola, Rübs. 


Rubus. A Spats showed on leaves and shoots patches of a 
pale grey-green colour owing to the growth of hairs, caused by 
a gall-mite, Zr. aches gibbosus, Nal 


Rosa spp. 


(a.) On leaves smooth globular thin galls, up to 5 mm. in dia- 
meter, den red on one side, caused by a gallfly, Rhodites Eglan- 
teriae, 


Biases carition. each in a hard overing. n aa lives a larva o 
Rhodites Rosae (L.). This i is Ms * Bedeguar " gall. 


Malus, L. Leaves hypertrophied, and bulged upwards i 
places or mend rolled backwards, reddened, caused probably by 
Aphis Mali, Fabr. 


Crataegus Oxyacantha, 7 


(a.) Terminal buds abort, their leaves and stipules being 
wded in a rosette and covered with green or dull-red warts 

(i rus hairs, caused by a gall- midge; Perrisia Crataegi 
in 


= G). Leaves affected much on Pyrus Malus, cmd. by an 
pm 


O erri of lobe of leaf rolled bakki tu to a narrow tube 
rown hairs, among which live mites Brip gonio- 
thorax, Nal. 


; 43 
. Galium véruni, L. 


(a.) Soft fleshy smooth rounded gall of stem near a node (much 
like (a) on Tilia’ caused by a gall-midge, Perrisia Galii (H. Low.). 


(b.) areri rolled into narrow tubes by a mite, Eriophyes Galii, 
(Karpe 


Sambueus nigra, Leaf margins rolled upwards to form 
slender tubes by a mice Epitrimerus trilobus, Nal. 


Achillea Millefolium, Z. On the stem, often close to the surface 
of the ground or just below it, or in the axils of leaves, or on the 
leafstalks or leafblades, or among the Bowen in the heads, occur 
subcylindric galls about as large as a grain of barley, of firm 
fleshy texture, shining, at first green but becoming very dark, and 
bursting open at the summit with several recurved lobes. 
galls are the work of a midge, Hormomyia Millefolii, H. Loew, 
which is now referred to the section Rhopalomyia. Often common. 


Hieracium Pilosella, L. MEM of leaves swollen into spindle- 
shaped thickenings of sma lls 
s ? d Oan a deste cell, the work of a gallfly (Awlaz) or of 
On e example found. 
ge ely meer cells m the swelling. Among them live 
minute "yita (T'ylenchus sp.), which form the galls. 


Veronica Chamaedrys, L. Whitish, or ne often pale reddish- 
green, masses at the ends of vegetative shoots consist of the 
terminal leaves thickly. covered on the báck with whitish hairs, 


yellow larvae of a midge, Perrisia Veronicae (Vallot). Not 
seldom the leaves are caused to produce a very similar hai 
covering by action of wall-mites, Eriophyes anceps, Nal. Som 
times both animals attack the same shoots. When alone the mites 
cause a more diffuse hairy coat than do the midges. 


Nepeta Glechoma, Benth. Upper surface of leaf has on it a 
number of small hairy galls shaped like rifle-bullets, each 
opening by a narrow hole on lower surface of leaf; they fall off 
at end of autumn, each leaving a hole in leaf ; caused by a midge, 
Oligotrophus buvaaPcis (Bremi). 


Ulmus sp. 
(a.) Leaf bears on upper surface flask-shaped, thin-walled pale 
green or reddish galls, 10 mm. or more in height, attached by a 


narrow neck, through which "the inner cavity opens on lower 
surface of leaf ; caused by Tetraneura Ulmi, De Geer. 
(b.) Leaf hypertrophied, yellowish green, irregularly rolled 
kwards and rough, one side only, or almost the ds leaf 
galled ; caused by Schizoneura Ulmi, L. 


Urtica dioica, L. On the bases of the leaves, and also on young 
stems and inflorescences, occur roundish fleshy pale-green galls, 
about the size of a small pea frequently, which open greed on 
the upper surface. They are Doreen by a gall-midge, P 
Urticae, (Perris). 


H 


Juglans regia, L. Patches in the leaf, bounded by veins, 
become DU ee epi. bulged upwards, with a depression on the 
lower surface lined with brown hairs, — which live gall- 
mites, Hriophyes jraiesitus; var. erineus, 


Betula alba, Z. On the various forms of this species the leaf- 
blades are sometimes studded with numerous small hard bodies, 
prominent especially on the upper surface. In transverse section 
they are seen to inclose a set cavity that opens on the lower 
surface of the leaf by a nar tube. In the cavity, among hairs, 
live the tiny mites that angie iia gall, by name Hriophyes Betulae, 
Nal. The warts have received the name of Cephaloneon betulinum, 
Bremi. 


Alnus "pre Medic. Gall-mites produce on leaves at least 
two kinds of ga 


(a.) Small red or otherwise yar MM ben rounded er oval 
prominences, about 2 or 3 mm. in diameter; each is a pouch 
opening on lower surface by a disc hole ro closed by "hairs. 
This form is Cephaloneon pustulatum, Bremi, and is produced by 
Eriophyes laevis, Nal. 


(4.) On lower surface—rarely also ôn upper—occur patches of 
closely set hairs (Erineum alneum, Pers.) unicellular, with 
isa: thickened heads. The hairs, at first white, soon 

me rusty brown. Among them live the mites, Eriophyes 
items d sus, Fockeu 


Quercus. Mr. saei s list of galls observed in Kew Gardens on 
the species of Quercus includes the few galls of the Cynipide or 
Gall-flies that I lieve noticed there, I shall therefore refer only 
to mae ones produced on leaves by acca and those of a gall- 


Q. pedunculata, Ehrh. 


(a.) A lobe is folded backwards and becomes thickened and 
discoloured with yellowish spots. Below it lie larvæ of a midge, 
Mucrodiplosis dryobia (F. Löw w). 


(^.) A narrow portion in the sinus, or on one side of a lobe, 
becomes folded upwards and slightly discoloured and thickened. 
Below it lie larve of a midge, Macrodiplosis volvens, Kffr. 


(c. Lower surface cuc hairy along the veins, due to 
mites,— Eriophyes quercinus, Can 


Fagus sylvatica, L. 


(a.) On upper surface of leaves rise usually several galls of the 
form of a rifle-bullet, up to 3 mm. in height and covered with 
short hairs. They fall off, leaving a round thickened ring in the 
(Has end are the work of a gall-midge, Oligotrophus annulipes 

(b.) Leaves near tip of twig remain small, become SRiokened 
and deeply folded yc the veins, and are covered with hai 
which change from grey to pale brown. AMD ong these live gall. 

mites, probably Eriophyes stenaspis, Nal. 


45 


Salix alba, L., and other ete Oval galls ex cipi 
projecting on bo th su rfaces, especially below, up t m. in 
length, green or red, fleshy. Produced by a saw- ‘fly, Annais 
gallicola, Steph. 


S. aurita, L., and other species of the section Capreae bear galls. 


a) Terminal buds remain abortive with leaves short and 
crowded into a rosette or resembling the scales of a cone. Amon 
the leaves lives the larvæ of a gall-midge, Rhabdophaga rosaria 
(H. WE ). 


In leaves, usually near the midrib or large veins, oN almost 
, An es 


ve, ver ns 
lives one larva of a idee. "Oligotr ophis [^ tels (Winn 


S. viminalis, L. Margin of leaf rolled backwards, thickened, 
and yullowid prost or red in colour, the length varying with the 
degree of union of galls. Produced by à pet Perrisia 
marginem-torquens, (Winn.). 


Populus alba. L. A few twigs showed spindle-shaped swellings 
in which was an irregular cavity in the pith. These galls may 
have been the work of a beetie, Saperda populnea, L. 


P. E L. pee (of the genus Pemphigus) produce imam 
forms of galls on all the varieties of this y put all stages 
preria of the insects being found in them 


(a.) Galls similar in form and structure to ee on P. alba. 


(5.) On young twigs and on bases of petioles are oval often 
decurved galls up to 15 mm. long, narrowed towards the tip, where 
each ends in an opening surrounded usually by a wrinkled 
margin. They are formed by Pemphigus bursarius, 


(c.) Leaf-blade folded backward to inclose a space aper ch. i: 
enlarged by the blade becoming irregularly DM 
somewhat fleshy, often yellowed or reddened. In the space live 
numerous examples of Pemphigus affinis, Kalt. 

(d.) Leaf-blade much hypertrophied near the base forming 
a large hollow which opens by a slit along the midrib ^s the lower 
surface. Caused by Pemphigus marsupialis, Courche 


Taxus baccata, L. Terminal buds remain ers the leaves over- 
lapping so as to resemble the scales of a e e, but not changing 
much in colour. In the centre of the gall is qe larva of the gall- 
maker, a midge named Perrisia Taxi, (Inchbald). 


. Picea excelsa, Link. Galls at tips of twigs quuni pine- 
apples about 15 to 20 mm. long, the terminal bud remaining short 
with crowded needles, ea vem becomes broad and fleshy u ‘its base 
and partly united with one another, inclosing between them 
cavities inhabited by Chermes strobilobius, Kalt., aggr ; but the life- 
history must be studied to determine whether it is C. strobi ilobius, 
alt., segr., or C. lapponicus, Cholod. Other species related to 
excelsa, also show a few galls of the same appearance, 


16 


P. orientalis, Carr. Twig scarcely bent or thickened, bearing 
along one side needles enlarzed a5 their bases but not joined to 
one another. Between then live numerons examples of Chermes 
orientalis, Dreyfu 


P. sitchensis, Trautv. and Mey. Galls somewhat similar to those 
on P. ex :elsa, only differing in being a deeper green, occur on this i 
species; they may be the work of Chermes Abietis, L. 


OAK-GALLS. 
By R. A. Rolfe, A.L.S. 


Some years ago I paid considerable attention to the Oak-galls 
occurring in the Quercetum at sem, particularly with respect to 
their beer range (see Entomologist, 1881, pp. 54-58, and 
1883, 29-32). Attention was called to the subject by the 
Stelle of the common currant-gall on an evergreen oak of 
doubtful origin, but which is now agreed to be a hybrid between 
Q. pedunculata, Willd. and Q. Tlex, L. The occurrence 
Quercus 


numerous species of from various parts of the world 
n ximity, Heim naturally furnish an oppor- 
tunity for the spread of certain galls, if such species formed a 


ity for the s ed 
suitable food-plant for the gall-making insect, and although 
I succeeded in finding galls on six European and one Japanese 
podies of cus, I never found a gall of:the common 
oak on Ta an American species or on the European 
Q. Cerris, L., the “ mossy-cupped ” oak, even when the branches 
interlaced, peni shows the existence of some barrier to their 
ersal. 


as well as two vernal forms, making five in 

It will be observed that several galls are ahai — ~~ 
following list which theoretically ought to occu ur, the 
sponding seasonal form having been found, but it should be added 
that it was not found possible to make an extended search at 

n seasons, and in recent years, and it is highly probable that 
several others will yet be added to the list. During 1902 I again 
paid some attention to the vernal forms, but without making any 
addition to the list ; the season seems to have been unfavourable, 
ai bor E hic are usually common were only met with in 
i 


Quercus s Willd. Probably no species of plant is so 
subject Pd attacks of gall-making insects as the common 


fruits; and their variation ir. size, appearance, and istos 


47 


structure, is as great as e diversity of situation. Nearly a 


of the plant, are seasonal variations, it will be convenient to 
arrange the following notes according to the different organs of 
the plant on which the galls occur. 


Root galls.—On the smaller roots, during autumn and winter, 
ls w 


is probable that the root galls are common too, though it is only 
on ane oocasions that an opportunity of searching for them 
occur 


Bud Folie. —At the apex of terminal or lateral twigs, in early 
summer, occurs the multicellular gall known as the * 
or * King Charles' apple, ich i 
Biorhiza aptera, Bosc., mentioned in me. rond paragraph. 
The galls are large, often over an inch a spongy and soft 
when fresh, often reddish or yellowish in qu with a harder 
central portion, consisting is any chambers aggregated together, 
each containing a single lar 

The Artichoke-gall iis: E name from its dece ceri ns 
small globe artichoke, the gall — enclosed within 
enlarged apee or Jeat-scales, j 2 tol — long. It teas: curs in 
autumn, and is y Andricus gemmae. ‘The spring form of 
the gall, which is i bility. and occurs on the catkins,-has not been 
— at Kew 

Terminal bu di or young shoots "ree the central cavity 
roe ey above with a thin membrane, and containing an egg- 
shaped inner gall, which is attached to the lotto of the cavity. 

e gall occurs sparingly in June, and is made by Andricus 
inflator, Hartig. 

Terminal or lateral buds transformed into globular galls, about 
1j to 2 lines broad, yellow or red in colour, and projecting from dry 
Error He gall occurs in autumn, and is the autumn form 

of Andricus inflator, irr described above, formerly known as 
Aphilothriz globuli, artig. 
Terminal buds or young shoots, or sometimes the leaves, 
ransformed into a swollen, somewhat twisted body, containing a 
Hides aped inner gall, or occasionally two or dut It occurs 
0 in May : ne, mad ndri 


Andricus collaris, Hartig, has not been observed at Kew. It 
occurs on the buds, and is oval, 1 to e lines long, pale nene or 
red brown with a darker nipple-like ti 

Terminal buds transformed into stalked galls, three to six t lines 
long, with the slender stalk nearly as long as. gall. Occurs 


48 


from June to August, somewhat rarely, and is made by nario 
callidoma, Giraud. "The spring form of the gall, formerly know 
as Andricus cirrhatus, Adler, which occurs in cottony groups dm 
the catkins, has not been observed at Kew 
Terminal buds transformed into oval green galls, 25 to 3 lines 
long, pate spotted with white. It occurs in May and June, and 
hl. : 


is ma My t albotihictaás: Sel 
Terminal buds transformed into brown, AOSE obtuse 
galls, bemi l to i lines long, made by Andricus autumnalis, 
i xamples are preserved in the Kew Medi ich 


artig. wh 

were collected at Kew, in the autumn of 1876, by the m 
Miss merod. The spring form of the gall, formerly 
known as Andricus ramuli, L., which occurs in crowded cottony 
masses on the catkins in June, has not been observed 


ommon marble gall, which takes its name from its 
Mam URA to a marble in shape and size, is generally common 
in autumn, and persists on the branches. The galls are trans- 
formed terminal or lateral buds, and are made by the insect 
known as Cynips Kollari, Hartig. 


Leaf galls. On the veins, situated between two brown scales 
occur ngn oval smooth and brittle galls, about a line long, pale 
green o r yellow, with isl red spots. It occurs commonly i 
autumn, and is made by Andricus ostreus, Giraud. It is believed 
that the bud gall known as Spathegaster s pie c is the spring 
form of this gall, but it has not been observed at Kew. 


The gall of Andricus curvator, Hartig, mentioned above as 
ese on the buds or young shoots, also occurs on the petioles 
and nerves of the leaf. 

On the midrib or principal veins, occur large globular thick- 
walled galls, 4 to 6 li ines in diameter, which are soft and fleshy 
when fresh, nd ellowi sh-green or red on one side. It is made 
by Dryophanta folii, L . (D. scutellaris), and is fairly common in 
autumn. The spring form , Which occurs on buds, and is much 
smaller, velvety, and purple in colour, has not been observed at 
Kew 


On the midrib and principal veins, occur small naked and 
shining galls, 2 to 2 lines in diameter and d ee depressed, 
pale yellow and more or Jess red on one sid hey made by 


about 2 lines long, broadened above, yellowish green or reddish, 
dotted with white, has not been observed at Kew. 


Nearly allied to the two preceding, is a gall 24 to 41 lines in 
diameter, pale yellow or banded or suffused with red m pu EUNDI 
side; the skin is rough with small protuberances. 
autumn and is not rare. It is made by Dryophanta palio IER 
Harti The spring form, which is aplong, l line pev. gresnish 
and covered with white hairs, has not been observed a 


The silk-button gall occurs gregariously on the under surface 
of the leaf, between the — It takes its name from the shape, 
being circular, thick, and depressed in the centre, and covered 


49 


with appressed silky brown hairs. It is made by Neuroterus 
numismatis, Oliv., and is usually abundant. The spring form of 
the l, which is about twice as large, and sunk in the leaf 
Scarcely projecting on either Surface, and green, has not been 
observed at Kew. 

The common spangle gall occurs gregariously on the under 
surface of the leaves, between the veins, in autumn. It is flat, 
with a swollen depressed-conical centre, 1jto? lines in diameter, 


size of a red currant, soft and juicy, and green more or less 
suffused or streaked with red where exposed to the sun. The 

f is usually common, but not nearly so abundant as 
the autumn form. 


nd ; 
lighter in colour. It is usually very local, but gregarious where 
found. The maker is known as Neuroterus laeviusculus, Schenck. 
The spring form of the gall, which is ovoid, smooth, } to 1 line long, 
and greenish yellow in colour, has not been observed at Kew. 
The smooth spangle gall is similar to the preceding in size, and 
a i me are no hairs 


ig, and mmonly á is 
usually less gregarious than the three preceding. The spring 
form of the gall, which is pea-shaped, 2 lines in diameter, and 
bears a number of soft white hairs, has not been observed at Kew. 


Catkin galls. The currant gall occurs most characteristically 
on the catkins, and it has derived its name from its ize an 
colour, and from the cireumstance that frequently several occur 
on the same catkin, and thus resemble small bunches of currants. 
In other respects it agrees with the same gall as found on the 
leaves. It is common in spring, and is made by Neuroterus 
baccarum, L., its autumn form being the common spangle gall. 

On the catkins also occur small oblong galls, about a line long, 
and somewhat, but not densely hairy. They oceur in June an 
are rather rare. The maker is believed to be Andricus amenti, 
Giraud. 


The currant gall, produced by Newroterus baccarum, L., and 


its autumn form, the common spangle gall, are both common, an 
show precisely the same features as on Q. pedunculata. ; 


13757 D 


50 


The silk-button gall, produced by Neuroterus pumiemetis 
Oliv., is alas common on the undersides of the leaves in autumn 


The small globular gall on the nerves of the leaf, produced " 
Andricus ostreus, Giraud, is occasionally found, but is not 
common. 

a-shaped galls, produced by Dryophanta jerang Hartig, 
are Sindano found on the under surfaces of the 

The marble gall, peach 2 Ar ira Kollari, inis is almost 
as common as on Q. p 

Lastly, the common igi gall, the summer form of the 
gall produced by Biorhiza aptera, Bosc., is occasionally foun 
The autumn and winter form, which occurs on the roots, has not 
been searched for. 


Quercus lanuginosa, Thuill., more commonly known by its later 
name of Q. pubescens, Willd., is nearly allied to the preceding, but 
differs in having the leaves hairy beneath. Itisa native of ATUM 
and Western Asia. Four galls have been found on it at Kew 


The currant e produced by Neuroterus baccarum, = and 
its autumn form, the common spangle gall, may generally be 
found in their lide season 

EM 1 partis gall, SESE by Cynips Kollari, Hartig, is fairly 
co 


ee vul the well-known oak-apple gall, the summer gall of 
— aptera, Bosc., is often common. The autumn and 
winter form, which occurs on the roots, has not been searched 
for. 


Quercus Toza, Bosc. A native of South-western Europe, having 
the leaves very pubescent beneath, in which respect it much 
ci 


Both the currant gall, produced by Newroterus RS L., 
and its autumnal form, the common spangle gall, are commo 
met with, 


The marble gall, produced by Cynips Kollari, Hartig, is also 
abundant, Trgi ciently so in the case of some young trees to injure 
the bra 


Suse RE. Kit. (Q. Farnetto, — es South European 
species, allied to Q. sessiliflora and Q. lanug 


"P 


common spangle gall, made by Nard terus a n L 
utumn, 


Th 
occurs commonly on the undersides of the leaves during a 
but I have not seen the spring form, the currant gall. 


Quercus lusitanica, Lam. A widely-diffused South European 
oak, from PENR to Asia Minor. Four galls have been 
found on it at Kew 


The currant gall, produced by Neuroterus baccarum, L., occurs 


rarely, but the autumnal form, the common spangle gall, is often 
quite common. 


51 


The smooth spangle gall, produced by pases fe sh sip a 
Hartig, is occasionally found, but seldom in quan 


The small globular galls of Dryophanta dvs, jen are also 
sometimes found on the undersides of the leav 


Quercus infectoria, Oliv. This oak ranges from South-East 
Europe to Persia, and produces the well-known galls of commerce, 
Five different galls occur on it at Kew, as follow 


The currant om produced by Newroterus M L., and 
its autumnal form, the common mae worth gall, are both found, 
ga the ntdicon are not often numero 


silk-button gall, produced by Neu tapis —95 
Oliv., ia occasionally found on the leaves of this o 

The s ll gall made by An: eng ostreus, "erae on the midrib 
of the mm is found, but not commonly. 

On the leaves are also found ae of the spring form of 


the gall made by Andricus collaris, Hartig, formerly known as 
A. curvator, Hart artig. 


Quercus dentata, Thwnb. A Japanese oak, having large hairy 
lobed ri much resembling those of Q. pedunculata i in shape 
and tex 

The common spangle gall, made by Neuroterus baccarum, on 
the undersides of the leaves was observed a few years ago. 


reus Turneri, Willd. A hybrid between Quercus pedun- 
dilati, Willd., and Q. Ilex, Linn. (the ahaa er rote | inter- 


mediate between them in almost arti The oak 
formerly identified PY me with Q. diauduk ee bins: proves to 
be a form of the same, and not the Japanese species supposed. 


Seven different kinds of galls occur upon it, all being common to 
it and to the parent, Q. Verve 


of the species, the common spangle gall, on this oak, and it may 
be that the hard epidermis of the PA as it approaches maturity 
protects it from puncture by the ins 

The silk-button galls of Neur Sues oe A Oliv., are some- 
times abundant on this oak, though a small number only come to 
maturity, and even one are generally smaller than when they 
occur on Q. pedunc. 

The artichoke - gout ced by Andricus penu is occasion- 
ally found on the terminal buds of this oak. 

. On the young leaves are found examples of the spring form of 
the gall of Andricus collaris, Hartig, which was formerly known 

x. curvator, Hartig. 

A single example of the cherry gall, "guai by Dryophanta 
longiventris, Hartig, was Marce on a leaf some years ago. The 
smaller leaf-gall, produce by races divisa, Hartig, occurs 
sparingly on this oak. 

13757 D2 


52 


Lastly, the "pis gall, produced by Cynips Kollari, Hartig, is 
often abundant. Many of them are dwarfed, — —Á 
a pea in size, w often have an elongated or acuminate point. At 
first these were thought to be dwarfed Lu SECTIO bar. tha true 
maker was afterwards bred from them 


Quercus Cerris, L. The mosey-eupped oak, a native of South 
and Eastern Europe and Asia Min The only gall which I have 
found 


ound to be dwarfed, protruding Apes little beyond the cup, 
and if these are examined the conten e found to be replaced 
by several small galls, each a eui a ak of the insect. 
Aneren ee, Loud. The Lucombe oak, a hybrid between 
iS, and Q. Auben, Linn., th e cork oak. The 


204, 206 ; xiv.. 57; and x 

It may be interesting to its the botanical range of the galls 
which affect more than one species of oak, which are as follows :— 

Biortiza aptera, Bosc., occurs on Q. pedunculata, Q. sessiliflora, 
and Q. lanuginosa. 

Andricus gemmae occurs on Q. pedunculata and Q. Turneri. 

A. een Sai occurs on Q. pedunculata, Q. infectoria, 

and Q. Tur 

ostreus, Giraud, occurs on Q. pedunculata, Q. eios, 

ia Q. infectoria : 


Dryophanta PR Hartig, oceurs on Q. pedunculata, Q. sessili- 
Jlora, and Q. lusitanica. 


D. longiventris, Hartig, occurs on Q. pedunculata and Q. 
Turneri. 


Neuroterus numismatis, Oliv., sone on Q. pedunculata, Q. 
sessiliflora, Q. infectoria and Q. "Turn 


N. baccarum, L., occurs on Q. pedunculata, Q. sessili iflora, Q. 
lanuginosa, Q. ' Toza, 9. conforta, Q. lusitanica, Q. infectoria, Q. 
dentata, and Q. Turn 


N. fumipennis, Hartig, occurs on Q. pedunculata and Q. lusi- 
tanica. 

Cynips Kollari, Hartig, iu on Q. —— Q. sessiliflora, 
Q. lanuginosa, Q. Toza, and Q. Tur 

Callirhytis (Andricus) glandium, Giraud, occurs on Q. Cerris 
and Q. /ucombeana. 


It may be interesting to add that on these different termes of 
oak each kind of gall retained its own distinctive character 


53 


Two or ay TO worthy of special mention came 
out during my observations. The first was the absence of the 


excessively hard as der penance maturity, somewhat resembling 

those of the Q. Ilex parent, the insect may find a difficulty in 

depositing its eggs. "The suggestion is only made in default of a 

better one, and may not have much foundation in fact, for the 
1 of N. numismatis was abundant. 


he second point of interest is that on Quercus pedunculata va 
granbyana the common spangle gall is invariably of a rigen 
blackish purple colour. It is true that a trace of similar colour 


foliage. The gall was also found on the yellow-leaved variety 
concordia, but [sse no difference of colour was observed. 


The third curious point relates to the acorn galls, produced by 
Callirhytis (Andricus) n um. These galls are abundant in 
certain years, and aitempts have been MCA to breed the insects. 
but always without success. The curious thing is that the larve 
remain apparently healthy for several years in succession, but 
refuse to assume the perfect state. E have repeated the experi- 
ment with the same result. Mayr and Miss Ormerod have 
noticed the fact, and Mr. E. A. Fitch sol jocibd some in 1878 
which were still living in 1881. Yet the gall appears annually, 


ARACHNIDA. 
ARANEIDEA (Spiders). 
By Rev. O. Pickard-Cambridge, M.A., F.R.S. 


Considering ni limited area of Kew Gardens, the followin 
list of 134 species of spiders found in it seems a very fair result 
of the efforts E ted to this branch of Natural History by 
Mr. Nicholson. I feel very little doubt, however, that 
many more species would rewa a collector who could 


ge p 
I may mention that there is a small fir plantation and rough 
heather enclosure of no more than two and a half acres in extent 
in my own district, where two of my sons, then small lads of 10 


54 


and 12 years old, collected in one season, 150 species, A 
considerable proportion of these were among the “ Micros.” The 
late Mr, Tuffen West, when illustrating Mr. Blackwall’s work on 
spiders, for the Ray Society, came to stay for a time with me, in 
order to make as many drawings as possible from living examples. 
In one of our collecting rambles, we came across a pateh of moss 
and short heather, about four feet square, from which we bottled 
in the course of a couple of hours 40 species, several of them new 
to science. Of the Kew spiders, the larger number are of 


sprinkling of rarities, and local forms. Two only appear to be 
bicolor) may possibly be an importe 


rdens may take up the running where Mr. Nicholson has now 
been obliged to drop it? I shall always be most glad to receive 
and work out whatever may be met with.—0O. P.-Cambridge, 
October 23rd, 1902. 
DYSDERIDAE, 


Dysdera Cambridgii, horell. A. In outhouse—a local species. 
Only once collected. 


D. erocota, C. L. Koch. B. In orchid-house, also in Cactus- 
ouse. P. Amongst grass roots at foot of wall of Old Palace. 


Harpactes Hombergii, Scop. B. In curator's office. Q. Amongst 
grass in hedge bank facing Old Deer Park. 


Segestria senoculata, L. Q. Under bark of trees, April, 1897. 
Oonops pulcher, Templet. Q. Collected twice, November, 1897, 
November, 1899. 
DRASSIDAE. s 
Drassus lapidosus, Walck. August, 1898, and J une, 1899. 


D. macer, T'hor.-Cambr. An adult male in residence of Keeper 
of Herbarium, June, 1899. 


D. eupreus, Blackw. P. Under bark of old plane, February, 
1898. Also near Herbarium, amongst bushes, 1900. 


D. Blackwallii, Thorell. Almost exclusively a house spider. 


Prosthesima nigrita, Fabr. A. Amongst low bushes, adult 
female, June, 1899. A rather rare British Spider. 

P. Latreillii, C. L. Koch. Only found once, in house No. xviii., 
January, 1900. 


Micaria pulicaria, Sundeval. - Only collected once, July, 1898, 
on ground in herbaceous department. 


55 


Clubiona terrestris, Westr. ee grass roots and moss in 
all the divisions. A common species 

C. lutescens, Westy. In bushes in herbarium ground, adult 
males, April, 1899. In a 1899, a specimen taken in residence 
of keeper of herbarium 

C. neglecta, Cambr. Once collected, herbaceous department, on 
the ground, April, 1899. This species has been found in other 
parts of e pr itisa rare spider ; itis met with in Germany 
as well as in Fra 


C. holosericea, ET An abundant British spider in swampy 
situations among rushes, &c. 


C. pallidula, C/erck. P. Under bark of old planes, chestnuts, &c., 
in winter—amongst bushes in summer. B. Rockery. Common. 


C. diversa, Si gael A. Once collected amongst juniper bushes, 
October, 1898. A rare species 

C. compta, C. L. Koch. A. B. P. Amongst orte and other low- 
growing shrubs—a rather common Kew spider 


C. corticalis, Walck. A.Q. Common. Under bark of trees in 
winter, amongst grass and low bushes at other times. 


Zora maculata, Blackw. October, 1898. Abundant; in Britain, 
among débris of old hedges. 


Agroeca inopina, Cambr. A. Amongst short grass round pes: 
Q. Along sunny hed; ge-bank, facing Old Deer Park. This ies 
has previously been taken in two widely-separated lonsties, in 
Dorsetshire, and in South Wales, near Glamorgan. 


DICTYNIDAE. 


Duty arundinacea, L. Amongst low bushes in all the 
divisions. A very abundant British spider. 


ncinata, Westr. asa low bushes throughout the whole 
of ihe area; common 


D. pusilla, Westr. A. Only collected once, June, 1899, amongst 
low juniper bushes. A rare spider. 

D. aene C. L. Koch. Once collected, September, 1899, in 
Pagoda V 

D. viridissima, Walck. An adult male, ones 1898, amongst 
juniper bushes; an adult female under k of horse-chestnut, 
near Grand Entrance, December, 1901. The dy hithe rted 
occurrence of this peniee in England was about twenty years ago 
on Box Hill, Surre 


Lethia humilis, B/ackw. Twice found—Q. April, 1899, amongst " 


low bushes; A. June, 1899. A very abundant spider in the 
South of England. 


56 


Amaurobius ferox, Walck. Collected twice amongst decaying 
stumps south end of herbaceous ground, March and April, 1897, 
and twice in Q., February, 1899. 


A. similis, Blackw. One of the commonest Kew spiders. In 
greenhouses, cartsheds, under stones and bark of trees. 


A. fenestralis, Stroem. Temperate House and Temperate House 
pits, April, 1897. Not noted elsewhere in Kew. Chiefly a 
northern form. 


AGELENIDAE. 


Tegenaria parietina, Fourcro y. Old buildings, well of pumping 
station, &c. Probably the spider which has been inaccuratel 
stated to be peculiar to pe Ai Petal under the name of “ The 

ardinal." <A tradition is said to exist that this — terrified 
Cardinal Wolsey, and hence obiai ned its trivial na The ex- 
tent of the outstretched legs has exceeded four ei in Kew 
Specimens.* 


atrica, C. L. Koch. A common Kew spider. Apung in 
hollow RA outbuildings, cellars, &c., also in green-house 


T. cose Scop. This is one of the commonest sitet 
of Eur 


T: ack C. L. Koch. Q. Collected twice amongst old 
stumps. April,1897. (Thisis the T. campestris of Cambridge in 
* Spiders of Dorset,” &c.) 


THERIDIIDAE, 
Theridion vittatum, C. L. Koch. (pulchellum, Blackw. & Cambr.) 
Only once co lected, amongst low bushes in rockery, June, 


1898, but abundant in the South of England r. 


T. denticulatum, Walck. Much less abundant than T. pictum, 
but occurring under similar conditions. E Sr three times 
in 1898-9, twice in rockery, once in arbore 


T. simile, C. L. sings A. Amongst juniper, gorse, and other 
bushes, fairly common. A beautifully-coloured variety (adult 
peut found in eva collection, May, 1898. 


T. varians, Hahn. In all ds eene ue amongst low bushes, &c., 
now and iun in plant-hous 

T. tinctum, Wale. jme amongst low bushes or on the lower 
branches of taller trees—has been recorded from all the divisions. 

T. pictum, A. zb T local spider, amongst low bushes in 
rockery and arbore 


T. bimacul ,; d A colmo Kew spider, generally found 
amongst herbage or low bushes. 


An example in m: collection bes an expanse of nearly five and a half 
Enos —O.P.C. d n 


57 


T. pallens, Blackw. A minute ume, — in each division 
in bushes and amongst grass; forms etty little white egg- 
cocoon underneath the leaves of laurels d other shrubs. 


Pholcomma gibbum, Westr. Once found in Herbarium grounds, 
27th pios 1889, and generally a local and rather rare little 
spider. 


Melos —— Cambr., Proc. veta Natural History and 
Antiquarian Field Club, xx. 1899, i. f. 3. An immature male 
amongst oa in the hedgerow rend oid Deer Park , April, 1898. 
Although not adult, I had little hesitation in founding (i. c.) a new 
genus on this little spider. It is allied to Huryopis in some 
respects, but the Jarge and very convex sternum, the form of the 
clypeus and armature of the legs, TTE distinguish it. It 
may possibly be an imported speci 


Phyllonethis lineata, Clerck. An abundant Kew species. 
Var. redimitum, Clerck. In upper nursery, July 22nd, 1897. 


Steatoda bipunctata, Z. A common  house-spider, on 
windows, &c. 


vede guttata, Wider. P. Q. Amongst grass and old 
lea 

stil thoracica, Hahn. Q. Amongst grass and old 
leaves ; adult male, April, 1898. 


Tapinopa longidens, Wider. Found but once, amongst bushes 
near Old Palace, June 24th, 1898. 


Stemonyphantes lineata, L. In each of the divisions, amongst 
herbage and on low bushes 


Linyphia insignis, Blackw. Found only once (an adult female), 
October, 1898, in open spot in Q. 


L. montana, Clerck. Q. Amongst grass and old leaves. 

L. triangularis, Clerck. Q. Amongst grass. 

L. peltata, Wider. B. Q. Amongst low bushes, dead leaves, &c. 

5 pusilla, Sundeval. In rockery, also along strip by towing- 
path. 


. L. hortensis, Sundeval. Q. Found once, April, 1898. 


L. clathrata, Sundeval. A fairly abundant species amongst 
herbage 


Labulla thoracica, Wider. P. Has been found several times. 


Leptyphantes minutus, Blackw. Amongst grass and old leaves 
in each of the divisions. 


L. leprosus, Oh’. Q. Under bark of old stumps and in rotten 
wood, June, 1897. Only once found. | 


58 

L. Blackwallii, Ku/cz. Only once found, in herbarium grounds, 
May, 1899. 

L. cristatus, Menge. Q. Amongst rotten leaves; only once 
found, December, 1897. A rather local British spider. 

L. flavipes, Blackw. Q. Amongst rotten wood, June, 1897. 

L. tenuis, Blackw. One of the commonest of the Kew spiders, 
amongst grass, leaves, &c. 

L. nebulosus, Swndeval. Found once in Q. 29th April, 1899. 


Bathyphantes circumspectus, Blackw. Q. Amongst bushes, 
November, 1898. B. Under dwarf conifers in rockery, December, 
1898. 


B. dorsalis, Wider. An abundant species in all the divisions. 


Tmeticus rufus, Wider. A. Q. Under bark and on old stumps, 
collected three times. 


T. abnormis, Blackw. Q. Collected only once, July, 1899. 


T. bicolor, Blackw. A. Amongst grass roots at foot of pagoda, 
November, 1898, near filter-beds, December, 1898. 


M. viaria, Black. Among low bushes in all the divisions. 
The usual habitat is among dead leaves and débris of all kinds. 


M. rurestris, C. L. Koch. Common in all the divisions. One of 
the most abundant aeronautic Spiders. 

Sintula oblivia, Cambr. A. Amongst juniper bushes. October, 
1898. Only once collected. rare spider. 


Maso Sundevallii, Westr. A. Q. Amongst gorse and other low. 
growing shrubs. 

Gongylidium graminicolum, Blackw. A. P. Q. On gorse and 
low bushes. Collected three times. : 


59 
M mn Sundeval. P. Amongst low bushes. Once collected, 
ay, 


G. fuscum, Blackw. B. On bushes in rockery and amongst 
hidtinedoiing plants. Collected once only, December, 1898. 


G. dentatum, Wider. Q. On bushes, November, 1898. B. 
Amongst dead leaves of Asphodel, December, 1898. 


Tiso vagans, Blackw. Q. Only collected once, April, 1899. 
Erigone atra, Blackw. In all the divisions. 
E. dentipalpis, Wider. A common Kew spider. 


Neriene rubens, B/ackw. P. Twice taken on gorse bush behind 
house No. I., August, 1899. 


Dicyphus bituberculatus, Wider. Once taken in rockery, 
December, 1898. 


Lophocarenum parallelum, Wider. Twice taken amongst low 
conifers in rockery, November, 1898 ; August, 1899. 


Pocadicnemis pumilus, Blackw. A. P. Amongst low bushes. 
Three times collected in 1898-9. 


Walckenaera acuminata, Blackw. A. B. P. Q. Has been 
collected some -— times during the last four years, 
amongst dead leaves, 


Wideria antica, Blackw. Amongst dwarf plants in rockery, 
December 1898. Only twice collected. 


Diplocephalus eristatus, Blackw. A.B. Twice collected in 1898 
amongst grass and low shrubs 


Nesticus cellulanus, Clerck. September, 1898. 


MIMETIDAE. 
Ero thoracica, Wider. P. Has been collected several times. 


EPEIRIDAE. 

Pachygnatha Degeeri, S l. A common Kew spider, 
abundant both in bushes and amongst herbage. 

P. Clerckii, Sundeval. Q. Only found once, amongst moss and 
dead leaves, October, 1898. 

P. Listeri, Sundeval. Q. Only found once, along hedge-bank 
facing Old Deer Park, April, 1898. 

Tetragnatha Solandrii, Scop. An abundant British spider. 

T. obtusa, C. L. Koch. A. Amongst low juniper, gorse d 
poe bushes—adults of both sexes collected June, 1898. A rar 
and local spider. 


60 


T. nigrita, Lendl. Found on various occasions. 
Meta d rere Clerck. An abundant species. 


M. Merianae, Scop. - This has only once been collected within 
our limits, April, 1899 


Cyclosa conica, Menge. B. Q. This species was captured twice 
in November, 1898, on tall-growing herbaceous plants. 


Zilla x-notata, Clerck. An abundant species. 
Z. atrica, C. L. Koch. Found once only, July 1898, in Q. 


Epeira gibbosa, Walck. Collected once amongst bushes in 
rockery, June, 1898. 


E. diademata, Blackw. An abundant Kew spider. This species 
is the sone usually alluded to under the name of the “ garden 
spider. 


E. cucurbitina, Clerck. A Mein: species in shrubberies and 
amongst tall herbaceous plant 


triguttata, Fabr. A. Amongst grass near winter garden, 
amongst low shrubs. Only twice collected. 


E. umbratica, Clerck. An abundant spider; found chiefly 
under old bark on trees and posts, &c. 


E. scolopetaria, Clerck. Lower nursery, on the ground, April, 
897. A local species, but often very abundant where it occurs. 


cornuta, Clerck. B. Amongst dwarf bushes in rockery, 
June, 1899. "A, In small shrubs, May, 1898. 


E. patagiata, Clerck. A. Amongst gorse and broom bushes, 
August, 1899. Only once taken. A rare and local species. 


THOMISIDAE. 
Misumena vatia, Clerck. Q. On broom bush. Once taken. 


Diaea dorsata, Fabr. Q. On bushes, November, 1898. Only 
once collected. 


Xysticus cristatus, beers A very common species, amongst 
herbage, low shrubs, 


Oxyptila atomaria, Panz. Q. On sunny bank of hedgerow 
facing Old Deer Park. Only once found, April, 1898. 


Philodromus aureolus, Clerck. An abundant spider, affecting 
low herbaceous plants, bushes, &c. 


PISAURIDAE. 


Pisaura mirabilis, Clerck.. . P. Q. Amongst tall grass, dwarf 
bushes, &c. 


61 


LYCOSIDAE. 


Pirata piraticus, Clerck. A. Only twice taken, April and 
October, 1898. 


Trochosa ruricola, De Geer. Only once collected, on the ground 
in herbaceous department, July, 1898. 


T. terricola, diei A. Nursery. Q. Amongst leaves, &c. A 
rather common spec 

T. picta, Hahn. ¢ adult. A remarkably small and distinctly 
marked example. This is a local species and is chiefly found on 
sandy shores and heaths—proba bably introduced into Kew with 
peat or heather. Nursery, March, 1897. 


Tarentula pulverulenta, Cler Q. Sunny hedgebank facing 
Old Deer Park. A. Short grass Piani base of Pagoda. 


Lycosa amentata, Clerck. A common species in all the divisions 
—likes long grass and Dit plae 


L. annulata, Thorell.. A. In open apor in wood. A local 
spider, but often abundant where it occ 


L. nigriceps, Thorell. Q. In open spots in wood. 


. proxima, C. L. Koch. A. This species was collected whilst 
running on the des ground in the lower nursery. 


L. pullata, Clerck. A. Q. Amongst grass, in open places in 
wood, &c. 
L. lugubris, Walck. Q. Amongst dead leaves in wood; 
common. 
SALTICIDAE. 


Epiblemum scenicum, Clerck. Wherever there are sunny walls 
or fences within our limits this species may be found during 
bright sunshine. 


E. cingulatum, Panz. This has only been twice iiit on 
wooden palings near vuindim abad: 1898. 

€ vic C. L. Koch. Only once has this species 
been met with in Kew—in May, 1899, amongst herbage close to 
the Que 8 Cottage. 


Euophrys frontalis, Walck. A. On pren, amongst low bushes 
in and near Juniper collection. P. Grassy slope. 


Attus pubescens, Fabr. Wall of herbaceous ground, wall and 
of seed-shed, aiba 


62 


Exotic Species. 
Found under conditions and circumstances that show almost 
éoibtuBvóly that they have been imported from abroad 
THERAPHOSIDAE. 
= Cyclosternum elegans, Sim. Amongst living plants from 
Trinidad. Adult female. 
DYSDERIDAE. 


Oonops sp. ? Perhaps new. An adult male amongst living 
plants imported from Ceylon 


SOYTODIDAE. 
Seytodes sp. ? An immature female amongst living plants from 
Fiji. : 

- Sp. ? An immature female amongst living plants from 
Penang. 
DRASSIDAE. 

Prosthesmia sp.? An immature female in Wardian case from 

Penang. 
DICTYNIDAE. 


Gen.? sp.? 9 Allied to un obius, perhaps Badumna, 
Thor. In Wardian case from Sydne 


PHOLCIDAE. 
Pholcus caudatus, Desf. In propagating pits. Almost certainly 
imported. 


'THERIDIIDAE. 


Theridion tepidariorum, C. L. Koch. Abundant in greenhouses 
and other glass houses; has become so far naturalized that it is 
end "aprile to be a British spider, and is usually placed in 

itish lists. 


Theridion ? "Three species, doubtful, in Wardian cases 
from Ceylon 


T. luteipes, Cambr. In Wardian cases from Ceylon, and 
probably from Singapore. 


THOMISIDAE (Subfam. : Heteropodinae). 
Heteropoda regia, Fabr. In jpeg. pits. An t 
cosmopolitan exotie spider: one like ely to be imported in 


63 


SALTICIDAE. 


Hasarius oa Sav. Frequent in plant houses and occa- 
sionally out of doors. Almost cosmopolitan, and is found in 
similar ataakai in many parts of England. 

H. Paykullii, Aud. Amongst living plants from Singapore. 

H. Nicholsonii, Cambr. Abundant in plant houses, where it 

l 


particularly affects the folded leaves of Bromeliaceæ. In al 
probability introduced with Bromeliads from Brazil. 


PHALANGIDEA (Harvestmen). 


According to the * Monograph of the British Phalangidea or 
Harvestmen," by the Rev. O. Pickard-Cambridge, M.A., F. i > 
there are nine genera and 24 ica in Britain. t Kew 

have discovered up to the t 12 species veles ive 
genera. All have been detormnmel pe Mr. Pickard-Cambridge. 


Liobunum rotundum, Laír. Common amongst grass in the open, 
also in woods. 


L. Blackwallii, Meade. Only collected once (1898), in Palace 
grounds. 


Phalangium Opilio, L 


P. parietinum, Degeer. Only seen once, July, 1899, near Old 
Palace. 


P. saxatile, C. L. Koch. Q. Once collected, July, 1899. 


Platybunus corniger. Herm. Common amongst herbage and 
low bushes in all the divisions. 


P. triangularis, Herbst. Amongst grass and ieaves in Q. 


Oligolophus morio, Fabr. Amongst grass, low bushes, and herbage 
in Q. 


0. agrestis, Meade. Common in all the divisions. 
O. ephippiatus, C. L. Koch. Collected only once in Kew, July, 
1899. 


O. spinosus, Bosc. One specimen was seen running over a 
visitor's coat in the Curator's office, in September, 1898. Another 
taken in Arboretum. A local and rare species. 


Nemastoma lugubre, O. F. Müller. ‘An — species 
amongst grass, MOSS, and dead leaves in Q. 


64 


ACARINA. 
TROMBIDIIDAE (Harvest-mites). 
Actineda sp. i 

TARSONEMIDAE. 


Tarsonymus floricolus, Canestrini & Fanzago. On leaves of 
Ceropegia Woodii (see Kew Bull., 1895, 285-6). 


T. Kirchneri, Kramer (= T. buxi, Canestrini & Rerleate): On 
leaves of Begonia, Cyclamen, ác. 


GAMASIDAE. 
Gamasus coleoptratorum, L, Parasitic on the dung beetle. 
Holotaspis montivagus, Berlesc. Parasitic on the dung beetle. 
Laelaps sp. Parasitic on the dung beetle. 
Lejus sp. Parasitic on Rhizoglyphus echinopus and Histiostoma 
rostroserratum. 
HYDRACHNIDAE (Water-mites). 
By Chas. D. Soar, F.R.M.S. 
Several collections have been made during the present vear in 


the waters of Kew Gardens for Hydrachnidae, but although a large 
number of specimens were taken, they represent only a small 
si. 15 : fr 


considerably to the present small list. As most if not all of the 
Hydrachnids nd the larval stage as parasites for about a year, 
it is more than probable that the list will be largely extended. 


Hygrobatinae. 
Atax crassipes, Mill. Free swimming in lake near Palm House. 


A. intermedius, Koenike. Parasitic in fresh-water mussel, 
common in large lake. This Hydrachnid can be found in all 
stages in the mussel. 


Piona conglobatus, Koch. Found in large lake and lily pond. 
P. rufa, Koch. Large lake. 

Limnesia histrionica, Hermann. Common in large lake. 

L. koenikei, Piersig. Lily-pond and large lake. 

L. undulata, Müll. Lily pond. 


65 
i Ls versicolor, Müll. Common in large lake and lily 
pond. ^ 


Arrhenurus crassicaudatus, Kram. Large lake. 


Hydryphantinae. 
Diplodontus despiciens, Müll. Large lake, common. 


Eulainae. 
Eulais descreta, Koenike. Large lake. 


Hydrachninae. 
Hydrachna seutata, Piersig. Large lake. 


ORIBATIDAE. (Beetle-Mites.) 
Tegeocranus latus, Koch. Abundant on dead wood in autumn. 
T. dentatus, Michael. Abundant on dead wood in autumn. 
Damaeus geniculatus, (C. L. Koch, er Linn.) 
Hoploderma dasypus, Dugés. 


TYROGLYPHIDAE. 


Histiostoma rostro-serratum, Mégnin. An extremely abundant 
species very widely distributed ; it usually follows decay and is 
not a cause of it. Found swarming on decaying bulbs of Lilium 
Hansoni. 


Rhizoglyphus echinopus, Fumouse and Robin. On fern 
fronds, &c. 
SCORPIONIDAE. 
PSEUDO-SCORPIONES. 
Obisium muscorum. 


Menon Meuse dim Found inside the flower of Asarum 

ockery, June, 1900. This species has hitherto 

beni E Known on ir from one or two localities in the South of 
Europe. 


C. Rayi. 
SCORPIONES. 


Euscorpio carpathicus, Koch. A common South European and 
Algerian form. 


13757 E 


66 


8. ANNELIDA. 
OLIGOCHAETA. 


The soils of Wardian cases furnish very favourable media for 
the transport of earthworms. It is therefore, not surprising that 


from Reges brought to Kew w in this MAAROF: For the identi- 
fication of the species | of this group we are indebted to Mr. F. E. 


ee bahamensis, Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch., 196. Native 
of the Baham 


*Trichodrilus roseus, Bedd. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1897. 

Tubifex sp. 

Branchiura sowerbii, Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch., 271. Habitat 
unknown, 

Enchytraeus — Michaelsen. Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch., 
340. Native of Germany (Elbe shore). Found in bulbs of 
Fritillaria Meleagris 

Fridericia hegemon, Michaelsen. Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch., 348. 
- Native of Germany. Found in bulbs of Fritillaria e. 
New to Britain. 

*Perichaeta sinensis, Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch., 410. Native of 
China. Also found in a forcing house in the Berlin Botanic 
Gardens 

“P, din ri, Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch., 411. Native of Trinidad, 
Jamaica, and Lagos 

*P. Morrisi, Bodd. Monogr. Oligoch., 411. Native of Penang. 

= Sener: Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch., 419. Native of 


"T. ——À Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch. 415. Native of 
Barbado 

"P. vem e Bedd.  Monogr. Oligoch., 415. Native of 
Mauritiu 

P. sumatrana, Horst. Bedd. sean Oligoch., 422. Native of 
Sumatra, Hong Kong and Barbados 

P. posthuma. Vaillant. Bedd. Monogr. ui" 424, Native 
of Celebes, Philippines, India and the Baham 

Typhaeus -oe Bedd. Introduced from the Calcutta 
Botanic Garden 


*Microdrilus saliens, Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch., 506. Native of 
Java and Penang. 


67 

*Gordiodrilus tenuis, Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch., 507. Native of 
West Tropical Africa. 

*G. robustus, Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch, 508. Native of Lagos. 

*G. elegans, Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch., 508. Native of Lagos. 

*G. ditheca, Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch., 509. Native of Lagos. 

*G. dominicensis, Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch., 509. Native of 
Dominica. 

——— lacuum, Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch., 515. Native 
os. 


Tronua crassa, Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch., 570. Native of 
agos 


i a ogy durbanensis, Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch., 589. Native 
of Dur 


Eudrilus eugeniae, Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch., 604. Apparently 
introduced into many parts of the world. Found in the soil of a 
Wardian case from British Guiana. 


*Hyperiodrilus africanus, Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch., 618. Native 
f W i 


*Heliodrilus lagosensis, Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch., 619. Native 
of Lagos. 
Sparganophilus sp. 
*Trichochaeta hesperidum, Bedd. Monogr. Dgoeb« 647. Native 
of Jamaica and Trinidad. Introduced from Jam 
*T. barbadensis, Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch., 647. Native of 
Barbados 
*Ilyogenia africana, Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch., 650. Native of 
Durban. 
ontoscolex corethrurus, Horst. Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch., 658. 
Widely distributed in the tropics of both hemispheres. 
Allolobophora emer A. Monogr. Oligoch., 701. Native 
of Central and Western Eur 
A. foetida, Eisen. Bedd. ied Oligoch., 702. 
A. chlorotica, Vejdovsky. € Monogr. Oligoch., 703. Native 
of Europe, the Azores and Orien 


A. constricta, Rosa. Bedd. E Oligoch., 711. An Italian 
frre. apparently not previously recorded in Br itain. Found in 
rotten wood in Queen's Cottage grounds. 

Lumbricus rubellus, Hoffmeister. Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch., 722. 
Widely di tis ributed in north temperate regions, in Nicobar and 
in New Zealand. 

L. ipe Dugés. Bedd. Monogr. Oligoch. 724. Widely 
distributed in the north temperate zone. 

13757 E2 


68 


HIRUDINEA. 
Hirudo medicinalis, Z. 
Glossiphonia sexoculata. Water-lily pond. 


9. PLATYHELMINTHES. 


TURBELLARIA. 


Bipalium Kewense. “Occasionally met with in hot-houses all 
over the world.” Shipley and Macbride, * kae y, 1901, . 579. 


Polycelis nigra. In the laboratory tank. 


10. ROTIFERA. 
By Charles F. Rousselet, F.R.M.S. 


The 120 species enumerated in the following list were phisined 
on Mc pte occasions during the years 1897— 1902 from the orna- 
mental waters of Kew mentioned below, and denoted in the list 
by the figures 1-5. 


1l. 
weeds of various kinds, and inhabited on the "surface by orna- 
mental water-fowl. At times pomi ahs Lasers Floscules, 
were plentiful, also some free such as S4 ynchaeta. 
tremula, S. oblonga and Phone dali vibes At other times 
the water was found remarkably clear and free from rambaia] 
ife. 


2. The pond, between museum No. 1. and the palm house, is 
inhabited by numerous aquatic birds, but totally free from wa ater- 
weeds such as are la: abundant in the la ke. This was often found 
to eontain vast numbers of Asplanchna priodonta, Bi E dac 
pala, Synchaeta pectinata, S. oblonga, Rotifer vulgaris, and m 
other species, The rich bacterial and infusorial “ae and fatina 
which apparently owe their existence to the excrement of the 
water-fowl, provide food material for the Rotifera 


3. The water-lily pond, near the extreme west end of the lake 
is a small shallow piece of water which has yielded rich 
gatherings occasionally. 


The tank near the laboratory, devoted to the meege 2: 
eere ege plants has been found very rich i n spec 
on one occasion, on cu 8th, 1897, I Ae 
10 diffe out species of Rotifers from 


69 


. The Victoria Regia tank has not yielded many Rotifers, but 
twice I found there the rather rare C. ephalesinho limnias. The 
water is kept at a temperature of about 85° F 


new species have so far been discovered, nor have I 
found any Rotifer of extreme rarity, aa males of Euchlanis 
oropha a and x triquetra were obtained in No. 4 tank for the first 

: rally ipiking thé rotatorial fauna of the Gardens is 
fairly Pas: of that usually found round London 


The spring and the — particularly October, seem to be 


the times when there is the greatest abundance and variety in 
v nie ipfe (s M doctis a species becomes very prolifie in the 
mer months. 


The Rotifera form a class of animals fairly cosmopolitan in 
their range, the same species, with very few exce ipu being 
found all « over the world, when thoroughly searched fo 


, 


d 
se’s Monograph: The Rotifera or Wheel- 
Animaleules (London, 1886-89). Those to which references are 
ad e been discovered since the publication of this standard 


RHIZOTA. 
Floscularia ornata, Ehrenbg. 1 and 4. 
F. ambigua, Hudson. J and 4. 
F. cornuta, Dobie. 1. 
F. edentata, Collins. 1. 
F, regalis, Hudson. 1. 
F. annulata, Hood ; Science Gossip, 1888, p. 8. 1. 
Stephanoceros Eichhornii, Ehrenbg. 4. 
Melicerta ringens, Schrank. 4. 
M. tubicolaria, Ehrenbg. 1. 
Limnias ceratophylli, Schrank. 2 and 5. 


L. annulatus, Weber, var. granulosus, Weber, Faune Rotato- 
rienne du Bassin du Chaan; 1898, p. 292. 4and 5. 


Cephalosiphon limnias Ehrenbg. 5. 

Oecistes crystallinus, EArenbg. 1, 2, and 5. 

O. intermedius, Davis. 4. 

Lacinularia socialis, Hhvenbg. In the riverside ditch. 


Conochilus unicornis, Rousselet ; Journ. Quekett Mier. Club, iv. 
1892, p. 367. 


70 


BDELLOIDA. 
Philodina megalotrocha, Ehrenbg. 1. 
Rotifer megaceros, Gosse. 4. 
R. vulgaris, Schrank. 1 and 4. 
R. neptunius, Hhrenby. 1. 
R. macrurus, Schrank. 2 and 3. 


PLOIMA. 
IL-LORICATA. 
Asplanchna priodonta, 4 & 9. Gosse. Frequent in 1 and 2. 
A. Brightwelli, Gosse. 2. 
A. intermedia, Hudson. 3. 
Synchaeta pectinata, Ehrenbg. 1, 2, 3, 4. 
S. tremula, Hhrenbg. 1, 3, 4. 
S. oblonga, Ehrenbg.; Journ. Roy. Mier. Soc. 1902, p. 284. 1,3,4. 
8. stylata, Wierzjewsky ; Rotatoria Galicyi, 1892, p. 62. 1. 
Ascomorpha helvetica, Perty (Sacculus viridis, Gosse). 2, 3, 4. 
A. (Hertwigia) volvocina, Plate. Parasitic in Volvor globator. 3. 
Triarthra longiseta, Hhrenbg. 1, 2 and 3. 
T. breviseta, Gosse. 1. 
T. mystacina, Ehrenbg. 1. 
verdes platyptera, Ehrenbg. Frequently occurring in 1, 2, 3 
and 4, 


P. aptera, Hood ; Journ. Quekett Micr. Club, v. 1893, p. 281. 1. 
Rhinops vitrea, Hudson. 1. 

Notops hyptopus, EArenbg. 3 and 4. 
Copeus cerberus, Gosse. 3. 
Taphroeampa annulosa, Gosse. 4. 
Notommata torulosa, Dujardin. 1. 
N. cyrtopus, Gosse. 1. 

N. ansata, Ehrenbg. 4. 

N. tripus, Ehrenbg. 4. 

Proales decipiens, Hhrenbg. 4. 

P, petromyzon, Ehrenbg. 1. 

P. felis, Ehrenbg. 1. 


11 


Furcularia forficula, Ehrenbg. 1 and 4. 

F. longiseta, Ehrenbg. 4. 

Eosphora aurita, Ehrenbg. 1. 

Diglena biraphis, Gosse. 1 and 4. 

D. forcipata, Hhrenbg. 4. 

D. catellina, Ehrenbg. 1 and 4. 

D. ferox, Western ; Journ. Quekett Mier. Club, v. 1893, p. 155. 1. 


LORICATA. 
Mastigocerca bicornis, Ehrenbg. Frequent in 3 and 4. 
M. elongata, Gosse. 3 and 4. 
M. rattus, Ehrenbg. land 4. 
M. stylata, Gosse. 1 and 3. 
M. carinata, Ehrenbg. 3. 


Rattulus bieornis, Western ; Journ. Quekett Micr. Club, v. 1893, 
p. .L 


p 


$ 


Coelopus brachiurus, Gosse. Frequent in 4. 

C. porcellus, Gosse. Frequent in 1 and 4. 

C. tenuior, Gosse. 4. 

Dinocharis tetractis, Hhrenbg. 4. 

D. pocillum, Ehrenbg. Frequent in 1, 3 and 4. 
Scaridium longicandum, Ehrenbg. 3 and 4. 
Stephanops lamellaris, Hhren?g. 1 and 4. 
Salpina mucronata, Ehrenbg. 1. 

S. spinigera, Ehrenbg. 4. 

S. macracantha, Gosse. 4. 

S. brevispina, Ehrenbg. 1. 

Diaschiza gibba, Ehrenbg.; Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc. 1903, p. 6. 
2 and 4. 


D. caeca, Gosse. . 

D. globata, Gosse; Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc. lc. 4. 

D. Hoodii, Gosse ; Journ. Rcy. Micr. Soc. le s 

D. exigua, Gosse ; Journ. Roy. Mier. Soc. lc. land 2. 

D. lacinulata, Müller; Journ. Roy. Mier. Soc. l.c. 1,2,3 and 4. 
D. gracilis, Ehrenbg. ; Journ. Roy. Mier. Soc. le. 4 

D. sterea, Gosse. land 4. 


12 

Diaschiza ventripes, Nuttall ; Journ. Quekett Micr. Club, viii. 
1901, p.25. 4. 

Euchlanis oropha, 4 & 9, Gosse. 1, 2, 3 and 4. 

E. hyalina, Hudson. 3 and 4. 

E. deflexa, 4 & 9, Gosse. land 4. 

E. triquetra, 4 & 9, Ehrenbg. 4. 

Cathypna rusticula, Gosse. 1,3 and 4. 

C. luna, Hhrenbg. 1 and 4. 

Distyla flexilis, Gosse. 1. 

D. spinifera, Western; Journ. Quekett Mier. Club, v. 1894, 
p.427. 1. 


Monostyla cornuta, Ehrenbg. 4. 

M. arcuata, Bryce; Science Gossip, 1891, p. 204. 1. 
M. lunaris, Zhrenbg. 1. 

M. quadridentata, Ehrenbg. 1. 

Colurus leptus, Gosse. land 4. 

C. caudatus, Ehrenbg. A. 

Metopidia lepadella, Ehrenóg. 1, 2 and 4. 

M. solidus, Gosse. 2 and 4. 

M. acuminata, EArenbg. 1 and 3. 

M. oxysternon, Gosse. 1. 

Pterodina patina, ERrenbg. land 4. 

Pompholyx sulcata, Hudson. 2. 

Brachionus Bakeri, Hhrenbg. 1, 2 and 4. 

B. urceolaris, Ehrenbg. 4. 

B. quadratus, Rousselet. 2 and 4. 

B. angularis, Gosse. Frequent in 1 and 2. 

B. pala, Ehrenbg. 1, 2,3 and 4. 

B. rubens, Ehrenbg. 1. 

B. dorcas, Gosse. 3. 

Noteus quadricornis, EArenbg. 4. 

Anuraea aculeata, Hhrenbg. Frequent in 1 and 2. 
A. aculeata, var. brevispina, Gosse. Frequent in 3 and 4. 
A. curvicornis, Ehrenbg. 4. 

A. cochlearis, Gosse. Frequent in 1, 2 and 4. 


13 


Anuraea cochlearis, var. stipitata, EArenbg. 4. 
A. hypelasma, Gosse. 1, 3 and 4. 

A. serrulata, Ehrenbg. 4. 

A. tecta, Gosse. 2. 

Notholca acuminata, Mhrenby. 4. 

N. scapha, Gosse. Frequent in 1 and,2. 
N.labis, Gosse. 1. 

N. heptodon, Perty. 1. 

Pedalion mirum, Hudson. 3. 


11. PORIFERA. 
DEMOSPONGIAE. 
Ephydatia fluviatilis. 
Spongilla fluviatilis. On Dreissensia shells in lake. 
8. lacustris. Lake. 


12. PROTOZOA. 
CORTICATA. 
Vorticella mic.ostoma. Lake. 


Paramoecium caudatum. Lake. 


IL—FLORA. 


L PHANEROGAMS AND VASCULAR CRYPTOGAMS. 
By G. Nicholson, F.L.S. 


The following list of the flowering plants and higher cryptogams 
is founded on the one published in the “ Journal of Botany,” for 
January, 1875. Since that time a number of species has been 
added to the wild flora,and segregates have been duly determined. 
Some plants, such as Lysimachia Pilars, Typha angusti otia, 
Phragmites communis, &c., have all the appearance of being truly 
wild at Kew, but are not in reality natives of the district, having 


be noted at any season, but these are not included in the 
flora. A very interesting feature connected with the d flora of 


74 


Kew is the small proportion of naturalized eno cp pat 
when the character of oe locality is taken into accou No 

alien has spread—and at the same time, held its ovii in com- 
petition with native pins He Clay ylonia perfoliata, Impatiens 
parviflora, Erigeron canadense, Galinsoga parviflora and Elodea 
canadensis 


Owing to continual alterations, and to the higher cultivation 
b now obtains—in comparison with that of a score or more 
ears ago—-numbers of eges sine in certain localities were 
Suaint then, are now rare or have perhaps disappeared 


ground furnishing many species. Localities, therefore, of many 
interesting plants have been perforce destroyed. 


The Rubi have been determined by the Rev. W. Moyle Rogers 
G. Bak 


and Mr. J. er. Some of the most common of the Surrey 
brambles do not occur within = limits. The roses are named 
in accordance with Mr. Baker onograph, and the seme 


have been seen and the names sections by its author 
Ranunculus fluitans, Lamb. Lake and ha-ha. 
R. circinatus, Sibth. Ha-ha. 
R. sceleratus, L. A. By lake. 
R. acris, L. Common. 
R. repens, L. Common. 
R. bulbosus, L. Common. 
R. Ficaria, L. Plentiful in shady places. 
Caltha palustris, L. Common along ha-ha, &c. 
Eranthis hyemalis, Salisb. In turf in palace grounds, &c. 
Nymphaea alba, L. In ha-ha bordering Q. Elsewhere planted. 
Nuphar lutea, Sm. In ha-ha bordering Q. Elsewhere planted. 
Papaver Rhæas, L. Here and there, not common. 
Chelidonium majus, L. B. P. Abundant in latter division. 
Var. laciniatum. B. P. Here and there with type. 
Fumaria officinalis, Z. Common in all the divisions. 
Nasturtium officinale, R. Br. Strip. Here and there along ha-ha. 


N. sylvestre, R. Br. A. Abundant near edge of lake. Strip. 
Here and there. : 


N. palustre, DC. A. About lake. Not so common as the last- 
named. 


15 


E Nasturtium amphibium, R. Br. A. Here and there about lake. 
trip. 


Barbarea vulgaris, R. Br. A. About lake, Strip. Common. 

B. stricta, Andrz. A. Near lake. Strip. Not uncommon. 

Cardamine hirsuta, Z. Moist shady places in all the divisions. 

C. flexuosa, With. A. Most frequent near lake. 

C. pratensis, Z. Common in all the divisions. 

Var. dentata, Reichb. (C. dentata, Schultz). P. Abundant 

in low ground between palace and herbarinm. 

C.amara, L. By ha-ha, abundant. 

C. impatiens, L. A. An apetalous form grows abundantly under 
trees by the wall skirting Kew Road, opposite flagsta 

Sisymbrium Thalianum, J. Gay. Common as weed in shrub- 
beries, &c. 

S. officinale, Scop. Common in all the divisions. 

S. Alliaria, Scop. A. Ice house mound. P.Q. Here and there. 

Erysimum cheiranthoides, L. A common weed in beds.and 
edges of shrubberies. Strip. Common on towing pat 

Brassica Rapa, L. Q. Strip. Many plants in both divisions. 

Diplotaxis muralis, DC. Strip. On, and by the side of, the 
towing path. 

Erophila bo ae DC. Extremely common on walks, in 
flower-beds, 

Camelina sativa, Craniz. A. Here and there in cultivated 
groun 

Capsella Bursa-Pastoris, Medic. Everywhere. 

Senebiera didyma, Pers. Everywhere. A troublesome weed. 

Lepidium ruderale, L. A. Here and there on dry ground, by 
walks, etc. 

L. Smithii, Hook. A. Frequent all about lake, also in turf, near 
winter garden. 

Thlaspi arvense, L. A. Here and there in cultivated ground. 

Teesdalia nudicaulis, R. Br. A. On and near wall of ha-ha 
facing river. 

Reseda Luteola, L. A. Formerly plentiful on all the ground 
bordering pc 
R.lutea, L. A. Here and there in waste places. 


16 
Viola odorata, L. P. Plentiful cs trees near grouped 
Ferry, also between palace and herbari 


V. canina, 7. A. Here and there in turf near pagoda, also on 
slopes near lake. 


V.trieolor, L. B. A flower-bed weed. 


V. arvensis, Murr. B. This occurs here and there with the 
former. : 


Polygala vulgaris, L. A. Here and there in turf on both sides 
of * Syon Vista." 


Dianthus deltoides, L. A. In turf of n vista, but does not 
flower on account of its being constantly mown down. In Larch 
collection does flower. Slopes of temperate Jide. 


Silene eh Wibel. A casual weed. Frequent about lake 
and elsewher 


Var. puberula, Hook. f. A. In wood near pumping station. 


Lychnis Flos-cuculi, Z. B. Near Temple of Æolus. P. Near 
palaee. Strip. By side of ha-ha. 


L. diurna, Sibth. Q. Common in the woods. 


L. vespertina, Sibth. Here and there in shrubberies and plan- 
tations. 


L. Githago, Lam. Here and there as weed in plantations and 
flower-beds. 


Cerastium glomeratum, Thuill. Abundant in dry places in all 
the divisions. 


C. triviale, Link. Common in beds and shrubberies, also in turf. 


C. arvense, L. A. em dry places. In quantity on top of wall 
of hin Bite river 


Stellaria tna Scop. Strip, near Isleworth gate. 


media, With. avery wem in beds, &e. Also in turf when- 
ever it becomes rather bar 


Arenari Ó Paria L. A. On ground at top of wall of ha-ha 
facing riv 


A. UE L. Inall the woods. 
A. serpyllifolia, L. Everywhere. 
Var. leptoclados, Heichb. Here and there. 
Sagina apetala, L. Everywhere. | 
S. eiliata, Fries. A. Here and there as a weed on walks. 


S. procumbens, L. Everywhere. Not unfrequent in dry places 
turf. 


77 


Spergula arvensis, Z. Two forms of this species occur 
S. arvensis, concn n and S. sativa, Bænningh. The latter is the 
more abundan 


Spergularia ss J. and C. Presl. Everywhere. Walks and 
amongst turf in the T places. 


Montia fontana, L. A. In the turf i era temperate house; in 
turf and in beds at end of * Syon Vist 


under perfoliata, Dunn. Not uncommon. A troublesome 
wee 


Hypericum re aw L. A. Common on wall facing river. 
P. Frequent in t 


H. humifusum, L. Not uncommon in turf in dry places. 
Malva sylvestris, Z. Abundant. 


M. peels. L. B. Here and there on most of the lawns. 
A. Now and then near the lake. 


Malva Worm i, P. A. About lake: also on the wood side 
of ** Syon Vis 


Geranium pyrenaicum, L. P. Strip. Common. 
G. molle, L. Everywhere, both in beds and turf. 
G. pusillum, Z. A. A few plants here and there about lake. 


G. dissectum, Z. A. A few plants Q. Een the whole 
length of the hedge- -row facing Old Deer Par 


G. robertianum, L. The rarest species of geranium in the Kew 
flora. A. Merlin's Cave (now-destroyed), old ruined arch. 


Erodium cicutarium, L'Hérit. B. In the lawn between No. 5 
and museum No. 2. A. On the turf slopes near temperate house. 


Oxalis Acetosella, L. Same localities as Geranium rober- 
tianum 


0. corniculata, L. A common flower-bed weed. 

0. dene L. Here and there in shrubberies with last-named 
specie 

Impatiens parviflora, D. C. A troublesome weed. 


Ulex europeus, L. Before the lake was made its site was 
covered with this and Cytisus scoparius. 


Cytisus viec Link. Along border of wood, etc. 


Ononis arvensis, Auct. Strip. Two e by side of towing- 
path sebagai Brentford and Isleworth gat 


Medicago sativa, Z. Strip. In turf near Brentford Ferry. 
M. lupulina, L. Common. 
M. maculata, Sibth. Common waro within Kew limits. 


T8 
ilotus us alba, Desr. A. A couple of large plants in the hollow 
between unicorn gate and flagstaff. 
Trifolium subterraneum, L. Very frequent. 
T. arvense, L. P. Common in dry gravelly spots. 
T. pratense, L. Everywhere. 


T. mediu — A. Near temperate house. In wood near 
pumping statio 


T. striatum, Z. On wall of ha-ha. Amongst turf in dry spots. 
T. hybridum, L. A. Near juniper collection. Q. 
T. repens, Z. A common component of the turf every where. 


T. procumbens, L. A. Abundant in the dry gravelly soil near 
pagoda, and elsewhere. 


T. dubium, Sibth. — diffused, common as a weed in 
flower-beds and on wa 


T. filiforme, L. On most of the lawns. 
Lotus corniculatus, L. Abundant in all the divisions. 


L. uliginosus, Schkuhr. A. Common round edge of lake, 
amongst Juncus, 


Ornithopus perpusillus, L. Everywhere. The turf behind King 
William's temple and near winter garden was almost entirely 
composed of this plant in 1873-4 


Vicia hirsuta, S. F. Gray. Common both in open turf and as a 
weed in beds and shrubberies. 


V. Craeca, L. A. P. Q. Much less . common than the preceding. 
V. angustifolia, Roth. A. P. Q. Abundant. 
Var. Bobartii, Koch. Sparingly, with the type. 

Lathyrus pratensis, L. P. Q. Strip. Uncommon. 

Spiræa Ulmaria, Z. Common by ha-ha ; elsewhere planted. 

Rubus Ideus, L. A few clumps in Queen's Cottage grounds. 

R. PERS Weihe & Nees. Q. *Form with exceptionally 
broad = le and cikel y- toothed leaves.” ` Rev. W. Moyle 

ogers 

R. PEOR Bab. Q. Here and there. 

R. pulcherrimus, Neum. Q. Abundant. . 

R. rusticanus, E. Merc. Strip. Here and there by soei 

R. macrophyllus, Weihe & Nees. Q. Abundant. 


R. mucronatus, Blor. Q. Not uncommon along borders of 
Tesne 


19 
Rubus echinatus, Lindl. Q. * May perhaps be a shade form of 
this species, but if so, very much off type." Rev. W. Moyle Rogers. 
R. rudis, Weihe & Nees. Q. In es places, not uncommon. 


R. podophyllus, P. J. Muell. Q. [Or form between it and 
R. oigocladus, P. J. Muell. & Lev. ` Rev. W. Moyle Rogers 


R. foliosus, Weihe & Nees. Q. Common in shade. 


` R. rosaceus, Weihe & aos var. hystrix, Moyle Rogers. Q. Very 
common in shady plac 


R. cesius, L. Strip. On side of towing-path. 


Geum urbanum, Z. B. A flower-bed weed. A. Here and there 
in shrubberies. Strip. By towing-path. 


Potentilla procumbens, Sibth. Common, except in division B. 


. reptans, L. Everywhere. Frequent in the open turf, par 
ticularly about wood and lake. 


P. anserina, Z. B. A weed in shrubberies. Strip. Common. 
P. Fragariastrum, ZArh. Common in turf near palace. 
P. argentea, L. Pagoda vista, near temperate house. Strip. 


Alchemilla arvensis, Scop. P. A. B. Common where turf is poor. 
Strip. Abundant on towing-path. 

Agrimonia Eupatoria, L. Uncommon. A few plants in each 
division. 

Poterium Sanguisorba, L. Strip. A few uid tufts in the turf 
midway between Brentford and Isleworth Gate 

Rosa canina, L. In the Queen's Cottage cr ida the following 
forms occur in a wild state. 

R. lutetiana, Leman. 


R. obtusifolia, Desv. 
R. kosinsciana, Bess. 
R. esesia, Sm. 


ee ed —À L. On old wall near Herbarium. A. On 
wall of ha-h 


S. granulata, L. So common as to Ee "uh in flower, quite a 
colour to the whole river length of the 


Sedum acre, L. On the wall and in the turf near it, the whole 
length of the river boundary. Strip. Here and there alo ong 
towing-path. 


«iM oc carum spieatum, L. A.Lake. Strip. Common the whole 
n of 


80 


Callitriche verna, L. Strip. Frequent in the ha-ha. 
Lythrum Salicaria, L. Strip. Common along the ha-ha. 
Peplis Portula, L. A. Frequent along edge of lake. 
Epilobium angustifolium, L. Q. Elsewhere planted. 

E. hirsutum, L. A. About lake. Strip. Very common. 


E. parviflorum, Schreb. A. Here and there. Abundant years 
ago on site now occupied by bamboo garden 


E. montanum, L. Common dme 

E. tetragonum, L. Common as weed in shrubberies, &c. 

E. obscurum, Schreb. Here and there with last-named species. 

(Enothera biennis, L. This formerly occured in waste-places in 
arboretum. 


Circea lutetiana, L. A. Formerly in wood about “ Merlin's 
Cave 


Bryonia dioica, L. A few plants near the Queen's Cottage. 
Hydrocotyle vulgaris, L. A. Round edges of lake. 
Apium nodiflorum, Reichb. Strip. Abundant near river. 
Agopodium Podagraria, L. In all the divisions. 
Pimpinella Saxifraga, L. Strip. Plentiful in turf bordering 
towing-pat 
Conopodium denudatum, Koch. A. Common in the woods. 


Chærophyllum temulum, L. A few plants in Queen's Cottage 
grounds. 


Anthriscus sylvestris, Hoffm. Abundant in all the divisions. 
anthe crocata, L. A. Round lake. Strip. Abundant the 

whole length of the river boundary. 

Jthusa Cynapium, L. A flower-bed weed. Everywhere in 
eultivated groun 

Angelica sylvestris, L. Strip. Rather frequent. 

Heracleum Sphondylium, L. Fairly common in all divisions 
except B. 

Daucus Carota, L. A. A few plants on the north and south 
slopes near lake. 

Caucalis Anthriseus, Huds. Strip. Plentiful along towing-path. 
Here and there in Queen's Cottage grounds, &c. 

Hedera Helix, L. Frequent. An undoubted member of the 
Kew flora 


LJ 


81 


Galium verum, L. Common in the dry open turf. 
G. Cruciata, Scop. Strip. A large patch on towing-path on 
the Richmond side of Isleworih Gate. 
G. palustre, L. Strip. A few plants of the typical form occur 
here and there by ha-ha. 
G.saxatile, L. Very common in the turf almost everywhere. 
G. Mollugo, L. P. Several plants along top of wall by Brentford 
gate. Q. Here and there on portion nearest ri iver. 
G. Aparine, Z. P. & Q. Not uncommon in open shrubberies. 
Sherardia arvensis, L. Here and saii on most of the lawns. 
A. Common about lake and elsewher 
Valeriana officinalis, Z., var. sambucifolia, H. C. Wats. Common 
in the t type form not noted as seen within our present 
limits 
Centranthus ruber, DC. P. On wall between Brentford Gate 
and entrance to Kew Palace. 
Valorisnejla olitoria, Pollich. P. Wall facing river. Strip. Near 
towing-path 
LÉ ins Loisel. Here and there with the last, but not so 
comm 
S" sylvestris, L. Strip. By towing-path near Isleworth 
Gat 


Erigeron haies, L. A. B. P. Q. A common weed in 
shrubberies, 

Bellis perennis, L. Everywhere. 

Pulicaria dysenterica, G«erin. Strip. Frequent along ha-ha. 

Passien sylvaticum, Z. A. Frequent in turf in Birch 
collectio 

inosum, L. Inallthe divisions. Plentiful both on waste 

and cultivated ground. 

Filago germanica, Z. A weed in shrubberies and bare gravelly 
spots. 

F. minima, Fries. Common in all the very dry plae 
some ee where turf gets badly worn, a plentiful crop ot this 
species appear 

Bidens cernua, ZL. A. Common about lake, Strip. 

B. oh lags L. Growing with the last-named, but more 
abun 

Ga ae Pred date: Cav. A troublesome weed in well-culti- 
vated grou 


13757 F 


82 


Anthemis arvensis, L. A. A few plants about lake. 


A. nobilis, Z. B. Common as a component of the turf in various 
lawns. 

Achillea Millefolium, L. Everywhere. A common factor of the 

en turf. 


Matriearia Chamomilla, L. A common weed. 


*M. discoidea, DC. Not uncommon in some localities within 
our area. 


M.inodora, L. A weed in flower borders and shrubberies. 


Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum, L. Very common in the turf ; 
common also in cultivated ground. 


C. Parthenium, Pers. A weed in flower beds and shrubberies. 


Tanacetum vulgare, L. Strip. Here and there near ha-ha and 
river. 


pastum vulgaris, L. Strip. By towing-path. Q. Here and 
ther 


Petasi es yanis L. Strip. Very common on the river side of 
towing-pat 


Tussilago Farfara, L. A. About lake and near pumping station. 
Senecio vulgaris, L. Common. 


S. sylvaticus, L. More abundant about lake and along borders 
of woods than the preceding. 


S. Jacobaea, L. A. P. Q. Here and there in open places and less 
end parts of woods. Strip. Much less frequent than S. aqua- 


S. aquaticus, Huds. A. Here and there near lake. Strip. 
Common. 


Arctium majus, ` chkuhr. P. A. A few plants in wood near 
hollow walk. Stri 


A. minus, E Q. Common. Strip. Common by towing- 

th. 

ripe nigra, L. In all the divisions. Most common in P. 
and Q. 


C. Jacea, L. A few plants near lake and in Queen's Cottage 
firounds. 


C. Seabiosa, L. P. Here and there. Strip. A few plants. 


* This plant, apparently a native e Dim Asia and Port eet America, was 
collected on the bank of the Thames hit y Dr. Thomson, and is now common 
in some localities within our area. Tt is widely distributed weed in temperate 

mates. history of its distribution "and í extraordinary oon sik has 
received altogether no less than ten — generic names—is given by 
A. Braun in the Botanische Zeitung for 1852, p. 649. 


83 


— nutans, L. P. In young plantations facing river. 
Strip. 


C. crispus, L. P. A. Here and there borders of wood. Q. 


Cn — MN Hoffm. Not common. A few plants in 
each div 


C. palustris, Hoffm. Here and there along borders of shrub- 
beries in Queen' s Cottage Grounds. 


C. m Hoffm. Q. Common in the turf of the open vista 
nearest riv 


Cichorium Intybus, L. Strip. A few plants along the gravelly 
sides of towing-path. 


Lapsana communis, L. B. A flower-bed weed. P. A. Q. Here 
and there in shrubberies. 


Crepis virens, Z. One of the most common of Kew composites. 
C. taraxacifolia, Thwil/. Q. In the open vista near river. 


"rue im Pilosella, L. Common on every dry slope within 
our lim 


H. medius Fries. P. A few plants. A. A large plot in 
wood near pumping station. 


Var. retirer rr F.J. Hanb. P. A. With the type. B. As 
a weed in rock 


IMS hae L. Everywhere. A very troublesome 


Leontodon oh L. Common, particularly in drier parts of 
ginion P. and Q . 


L.hispidus, L. A. In turf near south end of temperate house. Q. 
L. autumnalis, L. P. and Q. Sparingly. 

Taraxacum officinale, Weber. Common, everywhere. 

Lactuca muralis, E. Mey. B. On hardy fernery wall, &c. 


Sonchus arvensis, L. A., B. and P. Here and there in shrub- 
beries. A few plants grow out of wall facing river. 


S. oleraceus, L. Fairly common everywhere, though not so 
frequent as S. asper. 


S. asper, Hoffm. Here and there on every piece of dug ground. 


bin ja dr pratensis, L., var. minor, Billot. Q. and Strip; not 
uncommon. 
Jasione montana, L. A. Common in turf and shrubberies from 
temperate house to pagoda. In 1873 albino form noted. 
Campanula rotundifolia, L. A. Not uncommon in turf near Ash 
collections and elsewhere. 
13757 : F2 


84 
Campanula rapunculoides, L. P. Here and there in turf. 
C. glomerata, L. P. In hay grass near palace. 


Calluna vulgaris, Salisb. A. Here and there in open places. 
. Common in the open turf near Queen's Cottage. 


Primula vulgaris, Huds. A few plants in turf in herbarium 
grounds. 


P. veris, Z. In company with the last, but more common. 


Lysimachia vulgaris, E This has been planted wherever 
it occurs within our limit 


L. Nummularia, L. aid in damp spots in herbarium and 
palace grounds. Strip. Near Isleworth Gat 


Anagallis aioe = B. On soil heaps and in flower-beds. 
A. Common about lak 


Erythraea TENE Pers. A. Two or three plants near lake, 
1873-4. P. About a score plants. 


Symphytum officinale, L. Strip. Not uncommon. 
Lycopsis arvensis, L. Here and there on waste ground. 


Myosotis srg aa With. Here and there by lake. Strip. 
Rather frequent by ha-ha. 


M. arvensis, Hoffm. A. B. P. Common in bare places in turf 
about lake, also in beds 


M. collina, Har: REB On wall of ha-ha near river. In turf 
n dry gravelly p 


M. versicolor, Reichb. "d company with last-named ; also 
abundant in dry places near pagoda, where the smaller-flowered 
egi form, M. balbisiana, Jord., was first recognized as a British 
plan 


Convolvulus arvensis, L. A. Common on slopes and elsewhere 
about temperate house. 


Calystegia sepium, R. Br. Here and there as a weed in shrub- 
beries. 


Cuscuta Epithymum, Murr. B. On ivy behind palm house. In 
1873 in flower borders, on Afin Be Mesembryanthemum, 
Gladiolus, Pentstemon, &c. 


Solanum Dulcamara, L. Q. ean in shrubberies and wood 
A very pubescent form occurs on Str 


: S. nigrum, Z. Abundant. Often appears where turf has become 
are. 


Plantago major, L. Common in all the divisions. 
P. media, L. Almost as common as the last in many places. 
P. lanceolata, L, Everywhere. 


85 
Plantago Coronopus, L. Common in every dry place. Strip. 
Very abundant on the m of ridge by the side of towing-path. 


Verbascum Thapsus P. Near Brentford Ferry Gate. A. 
Here and there on D a of wood. 


V. nigrum, Z. P.and Q. Abundant, A. Along border of wood. 
Linaria Cymbalaria, Mill. Very common on walls and in dry places. 
L. b Mill. Here and there as a weed in shrubberies. 


L. r, Desf. Here and there as a weed in shrubberies and 
edsa ders. 


Scrophularia nodosa, Z. Strip. Common along ha-ha and by 
river. 


$8 Balbisii, Hornem. Strip. Here and there by river and ha-ha. 


B vernalis, L. B. Frequent on ice-house mound. Destroyed 
dA owing to alterations. 


Hp purpurea, L. A. Q. In woods and along shrubbery 
border 


Veronica agrestis, L. Common in all the divisions. 


. polita, Fries. Flower-beds and borders of shrubberies in 
company with V. Buxbaumii, but not so common as that species. 


V. Bux aumii Tenore. The commonest species in the Kew 
flora. (V. persica, Poir.) 


V. hederaefolia, L. Common in shrubberies. 

V. arvensis, L. Common in all the divisions. 

V. serpyllifolia, L. Frequent on every piece of lawn. 
V. officinalis, 5. Fairly common every where. 

V. Chamaedrys, L. A. Q. Not unfrequent. 

V. Anagallis, L. Strip. By ha-ha and river. 


Euphrasia officinalis, Z. ~ A few plants in turf near Isleworth 
ate. Not noted since 1873 


Lathraea Squamaria, L. B. In Rhododendron bed on mound 
ear Cumberland Walk, and elsewhere. Introduced from Dorking 
about 1834. (See Jour. Bot., 1872, 173.) 


Verbena officinalis, L. P. Q. and Strip. Here and there. 


Mentha oa L. Strip. A large patch or two near Brent- 
ford Ferry Gat 


M. hirsuta, L. Abundant round lake and along Strip. 
“a te europaeus, L. Abundant about pond, lake, and along 
Bip 


asi s Chamaedrys, Fries. Common in every dry piece of turf 
within the limits of our flora. Strip. Frequent on wall facing river. 


~ 


86 


Nepeta Cataria, L. A. A few plants near temperate house. 
N. Glechoma, Benth. Common under trees and in shrubberies. 
Prunella vulgaris, L. Here and there in turf in all the divisions. 


Scutellaria galericulata, L. Strip. Plentiful by ha-ha near Isle- 
worth Gate. 


Stachys sylvatica, L. A. Here and there in wood. Q. Not 
uncommon. 

8. palustris, L. Strip. A few plants by ha-ha near Isleworth 
Gate. 


Lamium purpureum, Z. Common in all the divisions. 


L. amplexicaule, L. Strip. In turf by towing-path near Brent- 
ford Ferry. 


L. album, L. Strip. Very frequent. Less common in other 
divisions. 

——— Modes = var. fetida, Koch. Strip. By towing-path. 
Q. Not n. 

Teucrium eer L. A. About “ruined arch." Here and 
there in wood. 

Ajuga reptans, L. Here and there on most of the lawns. 


Chenopodium AEN L. Not uncommon as a weed in 
cultivated grou 


C. album, Z. Common everywhere. 

C. murale, L. A. Here and there in dry places. 

Atriplex erecta, Huds. Here and there in all the divisions. 
A. Smithii, Syme. In company with the next-named. 


A. deltoidea, Bab. Common on rubbish heaps and in bare 
places. 


Polygonum amphibium, L. Strip. In ha-ha. 
P. lapathifolium, L. Fairly common in all the divisions. 


P. maculatum, Trimen & Dyer. Here and there with the 
preceding. 


P. Persicaria, L. Common every where. 


P. Hydropiper, L. A. Here ae - along edge of lake. Strip. 
Very abundant by ha-ha and ri 


P. minus, Huds. A. Common about lake, &e. 
P. aviculare, L. Common in bare places everywhere. 
P. Convolvulus, L. Here and there in all the divisions. 


Rumex obtusifolius, L. Here and there in shrubberies and 
along border of wood whole length of Syon Vista 


87 


Rumex pulcher, L. P. Here and there in dry places. 
R. crispus, L. Borders of shrubberies, &c. 
R. sanguineus, L. Here and there in dry places. 
- p Murr. A. Very common about lake and near 
rive 


R. gota, Huds. A. Here and there round lake. Strip. 
Not uncom 


R. Acetosa, Z. fairly common in each division. 

R. acetosella, Z. Very common everywhere. 

Viscum album, Z. This occurs at present on poplar aud lime 
in P. and A. 
Euphorbia Helioscopia, L. Here and there in cultivated ground. 
E. Peplus, L. Very common every where. 
Mercurialis perennis, Z. A. Here and there in wood. 
M. annua, L. Common as weed in cultivated ground. 
Urtiea urens, L. Frequent wherever the soil gets turned. 
U. dioica, Z. Common in the woods. 
Parietaria officinalis, L. Old walls. Strip. Side of towing-path. 
Salix triandra, L. Strip. Common by towing-path and river. 


undulata, Ehrh. Strip. The prevailing willow of the 
Thames banks Within our limits. 


8. fragilis, L. Strip. Not uncommon by towing-path and river. 


[There are several other species by ha-ha, but all of them have 
been planted quite recently. | 


Ceratophyllum demersum, L. A. Lake. note, Plentiful in 
ha-ha, nearly its whole boundary length of garden 


Hydrocharis Morsus-Ranae, L. Strip. In ha-ha nearly the whole 
length of Queen's Cottage Grounds. 


Elodea canadensis, Michz. Abundant in every piece of water 
within our limits, except the pond, near Pa lm House—about 

years ago, however, this particular sheet of water was choked 
up with Elodea. 


Epipactis latifolia, AZ. Until within the last year or so this 
species throve under a large beech tree near Victoria Gate ; the 
death of the tree and iis ere M removal have resulted in the 
destruction of the Epipacti 


Orchis Morio, L. A. B. Q. A plant or two in each of the 
: amos named. 


Iris Pseudacorus, L. Lake and ha-ha. 


88 
Tamus communis, L. A. Afew plants near Pagoda. Q. Several 
plants. 
Allium vineale, L. Strip. Common in turf by towing-path. 
A. roseum, L. Abundant in turf near Old Palace. 
Scilla nutans, Sim. A. P. Q. Very abundant in all the woods. 


Ornithogalum panes a L. Strip. By edo: of towing-path 
near Isleworth Gate. P. Near Palace in hay gra 


O. nutans, L. P. In quantity in hay grass near Old Palace. 


Juncus effusus, L. A. Lake. Stunted forms of this and 
J. glaucus are not uncommon in some parts of the woods. 


J. conglomeratus, L. A. Common about lake. 
J. glaucus, Ehrh. A. Common about lake. 


J. squarrosus, L. About a score plants in wood between temper- 
aie house and pumping station. 


J. lamprocarpus, Ehrh. A. Plentiful round lake. 
J. bufonius, Z. A. Abundant about lake. 


Luzula maxima, DC. Here and there in Queen’s Cottage 
Grounds. 


L. Jtem. DC. Fairly common in every piece of turf. 


[L. nivea, Desv. A considerable number of plants in Queen's 
Cottige "rounds 8. | 


Sparganium ramosum, Huds. Strip. Really wild about ha-ha ; 
planted elsewhere. 


Typha latifolia, Z. A. Lake. Strip. Side of ha-ha. 


(T. angustifolia, L. This has been planted wherever it occurs 
in our flora. ] 


maculatum, L. B. Ice-house mound. A. Under poet 

along wall between Unicorn Gate and North Gallery. Q. Her 
and there 

Acorus Aah L. Plentiful about lake, pond, and ha-ha. 

Lemna minor, L. Common in lake and ha-ha. 

L. gibba, Z. SUE with the preceding and the following 
species, but uncomm 
L. polyrhiza, L. Lake and ha-ha, abundant. 
Alisma Plantago, L. Common about lake and near ha-ha. 
Butomus umbellatus, L. Strip. Common along edge of ha-ha. 
Potamogeton crispus, L. Lake and ha-ha. 
P.densus, L. Strip Common in ha-ha. 
P. pusillus, L. A. Lake, water-lily pond. 


89 


Heleocharis palustris, L. Very common about lake and along 
-h 
_Scirpus lacustris, L. Strip. Large masses on banks of mud by 
river. 


S. carinatus, Sim. Strip. Side of river opposite Palace Grounds. 

S. triqueter, 4. Strip. nt of river opposite Palace Grounds ; 
also south of Brentford Fer 

Carex muricata, L. B. P. A Here and there in dry places. 

C. ^ L. A. Here and there by lake. Strip. Not 
uncomm 

C. L. Strip. By ha-ha and along towing-path near 
Biew Chie 
leporina, Z L. A. Near lake. Q. Not unfrequent. Strip. By 


C. -— L. Strip. This and C. paludosa are rather rare within 
our lim 

C. hirta, L. Strip. Common. Q. Abundant along a strip of 
about 50 pies broad from d of ha-ha. 

C. paludosa, Good. Strip. Here and there by ha-ha. 

C. riparia, Curtis. Common, nearly all pieces of water. 

Phalaris arundinacea, L. A. Near lake. Strip. Abundant along 
ha-ha 

Anthoxanthum odoratum, L. Common in all the divisions. 

Alopecurus agrestis, L. Here and there in cultivated ground. 

A. pratensis, L. Common. In some places forming the principal 
factor in the turf. 

Milium effusum, Z. Q. Plentiful in wood skirting pinetum. 

Phleum pratense, L. Generally distributed over the whole of 
the open turf. 

Agrostis vulgaris, With. Abundant in all divisions. 

Agrostis alba, Z. A. About lake and on borders of plantations. 

Apera Spica-venti, Beauv. B. A weed in cultivated ground. 

Aira caryophyllea, Z. Plentiful in dry spots—along hedge- 
rows, &c. 

A. praeéox, L. In every dry place both in turf and elsewhere. 

Deschampsia flexuosa, Trin. A. Q. oe shade more than the 
following species. Common under tre 


D. caespitosa, Beauv. A. Q. and Strip. Very onina about 
lake and on the borders ‘of plantations nearest it ; also n 


Holcus lanatus, L. Plentiful in all the divisions. 


90 


Holcus mollis, L. Common both in turf and shrubberies. 


Trisetum — due Beauv. Common in every € of turf 
within our limit 


Avena pratensis, L. A. Frequent in turf from flagstaff to 
pagoda. P. Not uncommon. Q. In turf on side bordering river. 


A. pubescens, L. Same distribution as last, but much com- 
oner. 


Arrhenatherum avenaceum, Beawv. Everywhere forms a large 
proportion of the rougher turf. A troublesome weed in dug 


Triodia decumbens, Beauv. Common on both sides of Syon 
Vista towards river. Very common in turf between Unicorn Gate 
and Pagoda Vista 


Cynosurus cristatus, Z. Common everywhere. Forms a fair 
share of most of the turf. 
Koeleria cristata, Pers. Very frequent in open turf. 


Molinia cerulea, — A. Here and there by lake; also in 
wood near pumping s 


Dactylis glomerata, L. Very generally diffused over the whole 
of the ground included within the limits of the flora. 


Briza media, L. P. Frequent in turf near palace. A. Common 
at northern part of Ash collection. Q. Here and there 


Poa annua, L. A large proportion of nearly every piece of turf 
is made up of this pla nt. 


P. pratensis, L. Common in all the divisions. 


P. compressa, L. A. Here and there on dry slopes near winter 
garden and in dry spots in wood. P. On wall of herbarium and 
palace grounds. 


P. trivialis, L. Not so frequent as P. pratensis. 
P. nemoralis, L. Abundant under trees € all the divisions, in 
some places forming nearly the whole of the turf. 


P. sylvatica, Chair. A. and Q. In s x parts of woods the 
long dark green leaves and dense tussocks of this grass render it 
very conspicuous. It seems to stand drought much better than 
many of our British grasses. (P. sudetica, Hoenke.) 


Glyceria aquatica, Sm. Strip. Abundant by ha-ha. 
G. fluitans, R. Br. Lake and Strip. Common. 


Festuca ia L. A. Here and there. Strip. By towing-path. 
Q. Sparingly 
F. pratensis, Huds. Same distribution as last. 
F. gigantea, Vi/l. Strip. Uncommon. Q. Here and there. 


91 

Festuca ovina, L. In dry gravelly spots this is the principal 

factor in the t 
Var. tenuifolia, Reichb. Very common. 

F. duriuseula, Z. Common. 

F. sciuroides, Roth. A. In dry bedsand turf near Isleworth Gate. 
Jere id erectus, Huds. P. In hay-grass. Strip and Q. Not 

B. sterilis, L. Common. 

B. commutatus, Schrad. P. Hay-grass near palace. 

B. mollis, Z. Everywhere. 

Eden. irati, Beauv. A. In turf by the river. 
Strip. Freque 

Lolium perenne, L. Very common. 

L. italicum, A. Braun. In all the divisions. 

Agropyrum repens, Beawv. 
in some spots in arboretum, & 


Nardus stricta, L. A. Both sides of EIN. Vista: near south 
end of holly collection. Q. Here and there 


The principal ingredient in the turf 


Hordeum murinum, L. Strip. Abundant. P. About palace. 


Pteris aquilina, Z. A. Here and there in wood. Q. Common. 
Nephrodium Filix-mas, Rich., var. affine, Hook. A. Here and 
there in wood near pumping station. Q. Common 


N. spinulosum, Desv. Common in Queen’s Cottage Grounds. 


Ophioglossum vulgatum, L. A. In open place in wood near 
Azalea garden. 

Equisetum arvense, L. Here and there in shrubberies. 
frequen 

E. limosum, L., var. fluviatile, Rabenh. A. Lake. 


Not 


2, MUSCINEAE (Mosses). 
By E. S. Salmon, F.L.S. 


One hundred and nine species of mosses and seven varieties 
have been collected in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. With a 
few exceptions, these were all observed during tha period 1897-98. 
The strip of ground beens the gardens the Thames 
been added so as to the area the same as that worked by 
Mr. George Micholsch num ‘his “ Wild Flora of Kew Gardens." 


92 


To anyone unaequainted with the wild parts of Kew Gardens it 


re ra 
interesting aquatic mosses, and, without doubt, all these are quite 
wild. 


w common species are absent from the list, while, on the 
other hand, several rare species occur in it. 


Amb : de gium. Kochii, known only from one or two counties in 
ingland, occurs ae Kew in a | few a by the Thames, together 
ith A. "variun , Fissidens crassipes : Physcomitrium pyriforme, 

Labo pol pae Cine lidotus Jendinadoides, &c. 


= other interesting species, Mniwm cuspidatum, M. stellar 
Donii, Tortula intermedia, Trichostomum tortuosum, 
Easels ypta streplocar “pa, Barbula lur -— and Neckera crispa have 
been noticed only in or about the rockery ; and, for reasons 
mentioned above, their origin must unn doubtful. 


On the other hand, the following species (amongst others) are 
certainly wild :—P olytr ichum formosum, Plagiothecium borreri- 
anum, Pleuridium axillare, P. subu ulatum, P. alternifolium, 
Funaria fascicularis, Pottin a Tortula marginata, 
Fissidens pusillus, F. exilis, F. ina "us, F. viridulug, Lepto- 
bryum pyriforme, Acaulon ah aay and V var. mediterraneun 


androgynum, Dicranum Bonjeani, Thamnium alopecur 
Eurhynchium piliferum, and E. megapolitanum. 


I have to thank Mr. George Massee for a list, seem panied by 
specimens, of 20 Kew mosses, collected hy him in previous years. 
Five of them, which I have not been able to refind, x wot bei 
in the list on his authority. In most cases the habitats of these 
species have become changed through improvements, and the 
species are very probably now lost. 


George Nicholson I am greatly indebted, not only for 
fusitshing me with a list of about 40 mosses already recorded for 
Kew Gardens, but also for showing me the a em for 
many of these, and for helping me to search for ne es, 


The nomenclature re abe is that of Dixon’s “ Students’ 
Handbook of British Mosse 


I have placed Nnm of the more interesting species in the 
Kew Herbarium. 


* 


93 


Catharinea undulata, Web. et Mohr. Common, and fruiting 
freely in all the drier places, as in the Rockery, where it forms 
luxuriant patches 


Polytrichum aloides, Hedw. In several places along the 
boundary ditch by the Old Deer b between the Lion Gate 
and Queen's Cottage ; fruit no 


P. piliferum, Schreb. Not uncommon in dry places ; abundant 
along the boundary ditch with the last species ; sandy banks 
near the lake, &c.; occasionally fruiting. 


P. juniperinum, Wil/d. Abundant in dry places throughout the 
Gardens ; frequently fruiting. 


P. formosum, Hedw. Fairly common in sandy pm in the 
open, and also under trees; fruiting in the Arboretu 


A curious Polytrichum, uaria in some characters between 
P. formosum and. P. graci icks, occurs in a few places along the 
boundary ditch by the Old Deer Park. In this form the leaf-base, 


ra 

broad. Occasionally, also, the pi ant shows a further approach 
towards gracile, as some of the leaves have rather a wide limb in 
the upper part of the leaf, piel féoqnently the lamell are only 
about 40 in number 


Both Mr. W. E. Nicholson and Mr. Dixon at first referred the 
plant t ars gracile, Dicks, relying especially on the short wide 
basal sroclante 1 have since heard from Mr. Dixon, however, 
that Mr. Bagnall, to whom specimens of the Kew plant were 
submitted, thinks that it should be referred to A w moun, and 
that Mr. Dixon himself is now inclined to agree with & 
that it is nearer that species than P. gracile, slilioagli still thinking 
that there isan approach to the form of areolation of the lat 
Only barren plants of this form, which is certainly native, due éd 
far been found. 


Pleuridium axillare, Lindb. (c. fr). In the Bamboo Garden and 
near the Pumping Station. Occurs nuc in pots in the 
Glass-houses, where the leaf-cells become very lax 


P. subulatum, Rabenh. (c. fr). Not uncommon on sandy 
ground ; about the hr ke and on the islands; Bamboo Garden ; 
Tulip Tree viel LE. 


P. alternifolium, Rabenh. (c.fr.). A. Bare places near the lake; 
Rose Garden, on earth adhering to stumps. 

Ceratodon yore. Brid. Abundant and common in fruit 
throughout th 

Dicranella heteromalla, bens: Abundant and fruiting in all 
the drier places, 


94 


Dieranella cervieulata, Schmp. (c. fr). Kew Gardens (un- 
localised, Massee, 1897). 

D. Schimp. d thrown up from a ditch, near 
Po Mes ‘Station, 3 in fruit (Massee, 1897). 


Dicranum Bonjeani, De Not. Q. Abundant in = place, 
arren; A. Pinetum; B. mall form, growing ban 
with a very different habit from the type, is efie to 
this species by Mr. Dixon with the following note :—* I think 
your Dicranum must be Bonjeani from the general ‘tone’ and 
areolation and thin nerve without ash at the back, as well 
as the undulation, which is indeed ve y faint e leaves being 80 
short), but is distinguishable on most st leaves, 1 think, or many, at 

least. It isa very short-leaved for 


D. scoparium, Hedw. Common in dry places under trees, 
Pres grass, &c. ; barren. 


Fissidens exilis, Hedw. (c. fr.). A. On the third island (from 
eulvert end) in the lake; Q. In an open space. 


F. armed eaae (c. fr). Q. On a loose stone; boundary 
diteh near t ver; A. On stones embedded in the bank near 
the Lion Gate nd of the boundary ditch. 


Var. Lylei, Wils. Some of the pan from the first locality 
given above have leaves which, by being unbordered, except o 
the vaginant-laminz, must be referred to ‘this variety. 


F. pusillus, Wils. (c. fr.) On brick steps; R. On stones. 
Abundant on the sandstone RIA, in the Temperate House 


F. ineurvus, Starke (c. fr.). Q. Side of the boundary ditch. 


F. bryoides, Hedw. Very common; fruiting both in wet places, 
such as the banks of the lake, and on dry sandy banks. 


F. crassipes, Wils. (c. fr.). By the riverside, on wood; often 
submerged at high tide; B. On mortar, wall of tank in Herbaceous 
arg krysa aedi one x the most interesting of the Kew 

oc fair quantity i 
perag “The thick P "adis distinguishes this species in the 
field. 

F. taxifolius, Hedw. Not uncommon in damp eh ; about 
the lake ; river-side ; Palace Grounds; not found in frui 


Gr oped IER Sm. (c. fr). R. On stones; P. On the wall 
by ther 


Acaulon muticum, C. Müll. (e. fr.). On third island (from 
culvert end) i in the in on e ‘clay ; ; and (A. mediterraneum, 
Braith w.). Sandy ground near the west end of the lake; 


P. Sandy uae (Nicholson), 


Ido not think that the plant described by Braithwaite under 
the name of “ Acaulon mediterraneu.n, Limpr.,” in the British 


95 
Moss cj tbe i, p. 201, deserves to rank higher than a variety of A. 
muticum 


On a sandy bank near Bexhill, Sussex, I have collected an 
Acaulon, in which the long inner bract is completely wrapped 
round the fruit, and the plants are tall, and sometimes slightly 
curved,—in fa ct, agreeing well with A. mediterraneum as described 
in the British Moss Flora, (loc. cit.) Dr. Braithwaite agreed 
with me in referring the plant to that species. Of the Kew w speci- 
mens of Acawulon, those ies the damp ground of the: islandi in the 


other localities, presenting exactly intermediate characters, that 
am strongly of opinion that “A. mediterraneum” is not specifi- 
cally distinct from A. muticum, but is to be regarded as a variety 


It may also be pointed out that Dr. Braithwaite’s description of 
«A » , 1 


bove, j 
nor the apiculate capsule. A. mediterraneum, as described by 
Limpricht, seems altogether nearer to A. muticum. var minus, 
than to the pla = sae and figured by Dr. Braithwaite as 
Limpricht’s speci 


sieges re cuspidatum, Fem (c. fr.. Frequent in bare places 
among the grass ; on paths, &c. 


Var. schreberianum, Brid. A. Bare places among the gorse, 
west end of the lake. 


Pottia truncatula, Lindb.(c.fr.). Notcommon. P. Nurseries, &c. 
P. intermedia, Fürnr. (c. fr.). A. North side of lake, 1901. 

P. lanceolata, C. Müll. (c. fr.). A. North side of lake, 1901. 
Tortula ambigua, Angst. (c. fr.). R. (Massee, 1897). 


T. marginata, Spruce (c. fr.). R. Abundant on stones. P. Brick 
steps. Certainly indigenous. ; 

T. US Hedw. (c. fr.). Abundant everywhere, on walls and 
stone 


Var. aestiva, Brid. Fernery, one or two tufis of a well-marked 
state of this varie 


T. intermedia, Berk. R. Several tufts, here and there, on the 
stones, barren; also in fruit (Massee, 1897). 


Barbula rubella, Mitt. (c. fr.). R. Common. 


96 
Barbula fallax, Hedw. Not uncommon; riverside and gardens 
occasionally fruiting. 
B. hornschuchiana, Schultz. A. Among the grass, near the lake, 
barren. : 
voluta, Brid. R. In several places, barren; also in fruit 
(Mano 1897). 


B. unguiculata, Hedw. Common throughout the gardens, rarely 
fruiting. 


B. lurida, Lindb. R. Sparingly, and barren. 
B. vinealis, Brid. R. In several places, barren. 


Weisia squarrosa, C. Müll. (c. fr). On mud thrown up from a 
ditch, near pumping station, in fruit (Massee, 1897). 


W. viridula, Hedw. (c. fr.). Q. Common along the boundary 
ditch. 


Trichostomum tortuosum, Dixon. R. Very sparingly and 
barren, on stones. 


Cinclidotus — P. Beauv. Not uncommon by the 
river, fruiting occasionally 


Encalypta streptocarpa, Hedw. R. On stones, barren. 


gipeqacm anomalum, Hedw., var. saxatile, Milde (e. fr.). 
R. A few tufts; on a wall, by the river-side. 


0. affine, Schrad. (c. fr.). By the river-side, very sparingly, on 
a stone wall, 


0. diaphanum, Schrad. (c. fr.). Wall, by the river, sparingly. 


Ephemerum serratum, Hampe e fr). On a bank near the south 
end of the lake. - 


Physcomitrium pyriforme, Brid. Patches of fruiting plants here 
and there by the river-side. 


Funaria fascicularis, Schimp. P. A few fruiting plants, on a 
sandy bank, wit artramia pomiformis, certai inly native. 
A. Mr. Nicholson and Mr. E. M. Holmes have gathered it 
near the flagstaff, but it has now disappeared from this locality. 


F. hygrometrica, “tive (c. fr.). Abundant everywhere—in the 
driest places, as on cinders, as well as by the river-side, where 
it is often subme mL. 


Aulacomnium androgynum, Schwaeg. ` re state ; 
on elder tree. A. On a tree near the flagstaff 


Bartramia pomiformis, Hedw. Q. Quite wild; boundary ditch, 
P, In both places with a few capsules, 


97 


Leptobryum pyriforme, Wils. R. Not uncommon; fruiting on 
stones. P. On ground, among grass. Occurs commonly in pots 
in the glass-houses, forcing- -pits, &c. 


Webera nutans, Hedw. (c. fr). Common. Q. On stumps 
A. Bamboo garden, &c. 


W. carnea, Schimp. Barren. Bamboo garden ; river-sido. 

Bryum inclinatum, Bland. R. In fruit. A. Rose garden. 

B. pallens, Sw. R. On a wet bank; a dark-green form with 
numerous protonematoid branches. 


Mr. Dixon reported on it: “I believe your B? yum is a form of 
B. pallens. It has the peculiar areolation of that which is some- 
what hard to define, decurrent leaves, &c. The var. perdi 
is something like it, but not quite the s same. The tips of the 
branches show a little of the irit vinous red of lilna. 
The gemmiform threads I should take to be an abnormai out- 
growth such as one finds in mosses pokeri in unusually damp 
situations.” 


i ee Schwaeg. By the river-side. A. Near 
rose garden. 


B. caespiticium, Linn. (c. is Not uncommon. R., &c. 
B. intermedium, Brid. (c. fr.). Q. In an open spot. 


B. os Linn. R. Abundant, fruiting. Q. Boundary 
ditch, & 
B. donianum, Grev. R. One tuft, with a few capsules, 


B. erythrocarpum, sae Not uncommon, often among 
grass. Bamboo garden, 


B. atropurpureum, Web. et Mohr. (c. fr.). A. On stumps near 
lake. 


B. argenteum, Linn. On paths, roofs, stones, &c. ; oecasionally 
fruitin 


Var. ihe Bruch et Schimp. Commoner than the type 
in the area; occurring in dry places, especially on walls 
the sun. Al itho i 


ibes 
nerve a8 very s ort. In the Kew plant, as mentioned above, as 
well as an all other iimis of the var. lanatum that I have 
e nerve is distinctly excurrent, and I believe that this 
structure is sponsae of the variety. 


13757 G 


98 


Mnium affine, Bland. Amongst grass. P. 


M. cuspidatum, Hedw. (non Neck.). R. tise Uh producing 
a few capsules; originally found by Mr. G. Nicholso 


M. rostratum, Schrad. Not uncommon in dry places among the 
grass; fruiting in the Queen's Cottage Grounds (Massee, 1897). - 


M. undulatum, Linn. Q.,P. Sparingly. 

M. hornum, ZLinn.(c.fr.). Common; very fine in Q., P., &c. 

M. stellare, Reichb. In one place in the Rockery. 

Fontinalis antipyretica, Linn. In the moat by the river. 

Neckera crispa, Hedw. R. Very sparingly, and starved. 

Porotrichum alopecurum, Mitt. Q.; also occurs in the Winter 

arden. 

Leskea phat a Ehrh. By the river-side; frequent on wood ; 
occasionally on the stone wall; often fruiting. Probably the same 
station as that indicated in De Crespigny’s “New London Flora," 
p. 90 (1877). 


Thuidium tamariscinum, Bruch a esie P. ; Q. ; A. fine and 
plentiful, on banks near the bamboo garden 


T. recognitum, Lindb. Among grass, P. (Massee, 1898.) 


Pleuropus sericeus, Dixon. bes ores on stones and walls. 
R., river-side, &c. ; not noticed i in fruit 


Brachythecium albicans, Bruch et Schimp. Bank by the North 
Gallery ; among grass about the lake; river-side, between the 
west boundary and Isleworth Gate. 


B. rutabulum, Bruch et Schimp. Common and fruiting freely. 


B. velutinum, Bruch et Schimp. (c. fr.) Rather common ; 
islands in the lake; Q., boundary ditch; P., &c. Plants from 
‘the Palace grounds have long setz, an drawn out stems, and 
agree with the var. prelongum of the ones. iss aie which 
cannot, however, be considered more than a for 


: B. = Bruch et Schimp. Fernery (fruiting); R.; wall 
yn 


B. purum, Dizon. Common among the grass, &c. 


Mee piliferum, Bruch et Schimp. P., in one place ; 
nati 


E. cra ssinervium, B. & S. The Rev. H. P. Reader informs m 
that he has in his herbarium an example of this species labelled 
* Kew Gardens, 1878 (Geo. Nicholson) " 


99 


Eur Hinh prelongum, Bruch et Schimp, Abundant every- 
where ; occasionally fruiting. Also occurs fruiting in some of the 
Houses, e.g., Winter Garden. 


E. Swartzii, Hobkirk. Ontheground,river-side ; P.; Q., boundary 
ditch; also a very pretty form ; more closely branched than usual, 
on stones near the Cumberland Gate ; Winter Garden. 


E. pumilum, e P. ; also occurs plentifully c on stones in 
the Winter Garde 


E. tenellum, Milde. R. Barren. Fruiting on Tree-Fern stems 
in the Winter Garden. These plants have quite smooth setæ, so 
that they cannot be referred to the var. scabrellum, Dixon, which 
is the usual p found on tree trunks, stumps, iwigs, &c. 
Mr. W. E. Nicholson informs me, pi iue that he has met with 
the type ASA a on rania in Susse 


E rusciforme, Milde. Abundant, and fruiting freely, by the 
river. 

E. murale, Milde. Not uncommon on stones. R., &c., fruiting 
freely. 


E. Mec Milde. Abundant in fruit. P.; wall by the . 
river; R., 


E. megapolitanum, Milde. P. Among the grass, on sand, fruit- 
ing. Certainly native. Mr. W. E. Nicholson tells me that the 
Kew plant agrees well with examples collected by him on sandy 

nks in West Sussex 


Plagiothecium borrerianum, Spruce. Frequent, often forming 
large patches on sandy banks, as about the bamboo garden 


P. denticulatum, ^i uch et Schimp. Frequent, R., P. &c. 
Occasionally fruitin 


P. sylvaticum, Bruch et Schimp (c. fr.). Q., P. Sparingly. 
Amblystegium serpens, Bruch et Schimp, (c. fr). Abundant 


every where. 
A. varium, Lindb. In a few places by the river. . 
A. filicinum, De Not. R. Common ; on wall by river-side. 


A. Kochii, Bruch et Schimp. In one or two spots by the river. 
This is one of the rarest = of the genus. It is unquestion- 
ably native in its Kew station 


Hypnum riparium, Linn. (c.fr.). About "the lake, on the islands; 
all along the river-side. 


H. elodes, Spruce. On an old stump, near the Cumberland Gate 
in fruit (Massee, 1897). A very interesting record. Unfortunately 


13757 G 2 


100 


the species cannot be refound, and it is probable that it has 
disappeared from the original locality through the formation of 
a rockery. 


Hypnum stellatum, Schreb. R. Very sparingly. 
H. eupressiforme, Linn. Abundant. 


Var. resupinatum, Schimp. R. Boundary ditch. P., &e. not - 
uncommon. 


Var. filiforme, Brid. On trees. Q., A. 
H. molluscum, Hedw. R. In a few places. 


H. —— Linn. Here and there by the river-side. 
curious form, growing on wood more or less submerged at high 
tide, is thus femoris on by Mr. Dixon: “1 take your moss to be 
acurious form of H. palustre; a single-nerv ved form, but nerve 
sometimes very feeble. The leaf-apex is characteristic, and on some 
of the stems the leaves have the secund position usual in the 
species.” 


H. cuspidatum, Linn. P.; R.; among the grass in many places. 


H. eth Willd. Abundant in the pinetum, near the Water- 
Lily 


zJHyloeenium SERTO. Bruch et Schimp. Very common 
g the grass under tre 


The following species have occurred in the glass-houses 
only :— 

Physcomitrium eurystomum, Sendí.(c.fr.) On earth, in a pot, 
No. 2 House (Nicholson). 


Aulacomnium palustre,- Schwaeg. Common in several of the 
Houses, especially the Filmy-Fern House, in the m 


an rmination of the gemm:e is given. e peo are 
sometimes quite leafless, just as in A. androgyn 


Fissidens Nicholsonii, Salmon, Annals of Botany, xiii., 123, 
pl. vii., ff. 81-91 (1899). 

Mr. Nicholson dicuveren this Fissidens growing in one of the 
Houses, on a Tre n stem, brought from Jamaica. It proved 
on examination k us a new species allied to F. Ravenelii, Sulliv. 


Hypopterygium viridulum, Mitt. Trunks of Tree-Ferns, Winter 
Garden. 


' Rhizogonium peraatum, Hook f. et Wils. Common in the 
Filmy-Fern House. . 


TE pay mcum pennatum, Brid. At the base of Tree-Fern stems, 


101 


3. HEPATICAE. (Liverworts.} 
MARCHANTIALES. 
MARCHANTIACEAE. . 

Reboulia, Nees. 

R. hemisphaerica, Raddi. On stones. Rockery. 
Lunularia, Mich. 

L. vulgaris, Mich. On damp soil. Common. 
Dumortiera, Reinw. 

D. hirsuta, Reinw. On soil. Fern houses. 
Marchantia. Linn. 


M. polymorpha, Linn. On damp soil. Common. 


JIUNGERMANNIALES. 
ANAKROGYN Æ. 

Metzgeria, Raddi. 

M. furcata, Nees. On stones. Merlin’s cave. 
Monoclea, Hook. 

M. Fosteri, Hook. Ondamp soil. Filmy fern house. 
Pellia, Raddi. 

P. epiphylla, Nees. On damp soil. Rockery. 


AKROGYN E. 

Lophozia, Dwmort. 

L. quinquedentata, Dumort. Amongst filmy ferns in fern pit. 
Plagiochila, Nees & Mont. 

P. distinctifolia, Lindenb. In filmy fern house. 
Lophocolea, Nees. 

L. bidentata, Dumort. On moist soil. Common. 
Saccogyna, Dumort. 

S. viticulosa, Dumort. Amongst filmy ferns in fern pit. 
Cephalozia, Dumort. 

C. divarieata, Spruce. On stones Fern house. 


102 
Bazzania, S. F. Gray. 
B. anisostoma, Steph. On fern stem. Fern house. 
Lejeunia, Gott. & Lindenb. 
L. serpyllifolia, Libert. On stones. Rockery. 
Frullania, Raddi. 


F. Tamarisci, Mees. Amongst filmy ferns in fern pit. 


4. LICHENES. (Lichens.) 
By O. V. Darbishire, M.A.- 

The lichens found in the Gardens are very few in number, not 
only of individuals but also species. They are, furthermore, as a 
rule very poorly developed, a condition of things very generally 
prevailing near and in towns 

Of the species mentioned in the following list, Lepra ibe 
alone appears to be in a flourishing PIRE in the Garden To 
it is due the green colour comm only se n the bark of older 
trees and on wood palings. It is an DAE Tre consisting 
of masses of green algae enveloped by a thin coat of fungal hyphae, 
but never producing any fruit. Lecanora crenulata seems to be 
fairly well distributed on limestone rocks and building stones, 
otherwise the specimens are mostly dwarfed and scanty. 

Most of the species where no locality is given were found in 
the rock garden, but nearly every bit of limestone bears small 
apothecia of Lecanora crenula 
Cladonia chlorophaea, FIL, 

C. cornucopioidea, Ng/. 

C. fimbriata, (L.) Fr. 


C. furcata, ede) Fr, Wood palings on the river-side path 
towards Richmon 


C. pyxidata, (L.) Fr. 
Lecanora crenulata, Dicks. 
L. Hageni, (Ach.) Kbr, 
L. varia, (Hhrh.) Ach. Oak palings near stable yard. 
Parmelia saxatilis, (L.) Fr. 


103 


Placodium Murorum, Ni. 


Pannaria pezizoides, Weber. On bare ground ; formerly common 
on slope of bank facing Palace Grounds. 


Peltigera canina, (L.) Scher. 
Collema limosum, Ac. 

Lepra viridis, Scher. 

Leproloma lanuginosum, (Ach.) Ngt. 


5. FUNGI. 
By G. Massee, F I.S. 


The following enumeration of 378 genera and 1,742 species 


rare and interesting species, any other record for an equal ar 


This is only sicca Re would x expected, when the enn 
flux from 


along with ‘soil, or frequently on the trunks of tree-ferns, either 
in the form of spores, or in an undeveloped condition, 


It is worthy of note that the Polyporeae and Thelephor 
abundant in tropical regions, are absent from the list as fitroddood 
specie 


As illustrative of the exotic element may be mentioned Hiatula 
an 


emitting a pale green light. It is figured by Cooke lusir. Brit 
Fung., pl. 688). Tiamis purpurata, Cke. & Mass., a very 
beautiful fungus, was established (Grev., xviii., 73) from specimens 
growing on the trunk of a omne heH in one of the fern-houses, and 
has since been received from aui ed Zealand, its undoubted — 
Aserüe rubra, La Bill, the m beautiful of the many quai 
forms belonging to the stetur à native of qud od 
also occurred in a stove, some time previous to the year ar 1867 ; the 
specimens are at present in the herbarium. e genus Chitonia, 
E only four known species, is represented by C. rubriceps, 
Cke. ass. (Grev., xv., 91), found on soil ir the aroid house 
but ion gh a typical member of a exotic genus, no clue as to 
its native habitat has yet been obtain 


Coming to microscopic forms, we a that the list contains a 
still greater per-centage of introduced species, t.e., species new to 


104 


concerned, and of these above 30 were first established from 
Kew material by Dr. Cooke, who paid special attention to this 
genus. 

Not a single example, however, of a parasitic fungus, that has 
proved to be destructive to plants, has been introduced to Europe 
through Kew 


The indigenous species of fungi belonging to the Agaricineae— 
probably due a great extent to the absence of cattle in the 

unds—are us ‘than would be oren, with tke following 
notable exceptions. In the genus Russula 53 species have been 
observed during the last TR years, out of a total of 61 British 
Species e large size and Ane E of most species 
belonging to this.genus render them very conspicuous objects in 
the arboretum during e summer n early autumn. 
genus containing species of sufficient size and brilliancy of 
i gei je attract eaa ue attention is Boletus, which numbers 
28 8 

"v Apes good collection of specimens of Sugh along with 
models and drawings, are exhibited in No. 2 M 

A word of thanks is due to the members ri the » dede staff, 
interested in mycology, for the discovery of numerous species, 
eee but for their zeal, would not have appeared in the present 
lis 


c host-plant, or matrix, on which each fungus occurred, has 
been given, and also the locality for the larger species that are 
likely to occur again. Finally, notes have been added, E 
the edible and poisonous species of the Agaricines, also t 
parasitic species that are known to be destructive to plants. 

Species known to be introduced are distinguished by an 
asterisk. 

The species of Myxogastres occurring at Kew are given in an 
Appendix at the end. 


BASIDIOMYCETES. 
HY MENOMYCETES. 


AGARICINEAE. 

Amanita, Fries. 

A. virosa, Fries. Among grass. Poisonous. A. 

A. Mappa, Batsch. Under beeches. Poisonous. A. 

A. phalloides, Fries. A dangerous species. It has been proved 

that a large percentage of the accidents caused by fungus poison- 

ing, both in this country and on the Continent, pers poen caused 
by this species. A figure is exhibited in No. 2 Muse 


105 


Amanita muscaria, L. A large, showy fungus, the cap when 
expanded often as large as a dinner-plate, brilliant crimson with 
white spots. Very poisonous. ‘ 


. rubescens, Pers. Edible, flavour mild; the flesh of cap and 
stem turns red when broken. Care must be ‘taken not to confound 
this species with Amanita pantherina, which is poisonous. À., 


A. pantherina, DC. Under trees. Poisonous. The flesh remains 
perfectly white when broken. £ 


A. spissa, Fries. Under beeches. A. 
A. nitida, Fries. Under beeches. Poisonous, A. 
Amanitopsis, Karsten. 


A. vaginata, Karsten. Edible, me ber delicate. Colour of 
cap variable, grey, buff, orange, or whit 4Q 


A. strangulata, Fries. Among grass under trees. Q. 
xi Fries. 
L. procera, Scop. Edible. Popularly known as the parasol 
mushro oom, on k: count of its shape. Sometimes very large, a 


specimen from the Aboretum had a stem 16 inches long and 
pileus 11 inches ulta Aa Ma 


L. — Vitt. Edible; similar in flavour and appearance 
to L. procera. Q. 


Var. puellaris, Fries. A. 

L. excoriata, Schaeff. Edible. B. 

L. leucothites, Vitt. Edible. B. 

L.gracilenta, Kromb. Under beeches. A. 

L. mastoidea, Fries. Among grass. A. 

L. Friesii o Lasch. Under trees. Q. 

L. acutesquamosa, Wein. Under yews. Q. 

L. Badhami, Berk. & Broome. Under Sequoia sempervirens.. A. 

L. emplastra, Cke. & Mass. Under Cedrus Libani. This 
paer was founded on —— in the gardens and is 


- described A td xviii. 51) gure is given in Jllustr. Brit. 
Fungi, pl. 1164. 


L. ees Bull. A. 

L. cristata, Fries. A. 

L. cepaestipes, Sow. On soil in conservatory. 
Var. cretaceus, Bull. In a stove. 


106 


Lepiota Hee Berk. & eo. On soil in Palm house. A 
very elegant fungus, g -— f Ceylon, established by Berke- 
ley & Broome Go È nn. Sis Bot. xi. 500) ; figured in Cooke’s 
Illustr. Brit. Fungi, pl. 1179 

L. carcharia, Pers. Under Pinus sylvestris. A. 

L. granulosa, Batsch. Under Pinus sylvestris. A. 

L. martialis, Oke. & Mass. On palm stem in Palm house. 

L. ianthina, Cke. On soil in a stove. 

L. felina, Pers. On the ground. A. 

L. naucina, Fries. On naked soil. A. 

L.illinita, Fries. On the ground under ferns. Q. 

L. Georginae, W. G. Sm. Among dead leaves. This very 
peculiar species is pure white, but esci blood red when 

touched. Q. 

Armillaria, Fries. 


llea, Vahi. On the ground, round roots of trees. <A 


another tree, which is attacked in turn. Edible, but lacking 
flavour. A., B.. Q. : 


A. Citri, /nzeng. On stump. B. 

A. denigrata, Fries. Under cedars. A. 
Hiatula, Fries. 

H. Wynniae, Berk. & Broome. In a stove. An introduced 
species of Australian origin. In Queensland it is said to be 
luminous, emitting a pale greenish light at night. 

Tricholoma, Fries. 
T portentosum, Fries. Under trees. A. 


T.. gambosum, Fries. Among grass. One of the few large 
agarics appearing in spring. A. 


T. flavo-brunneum, Fries. Under trees. Q. 

T. albo-brunneum, Pers. Under trees. A. 

T. rutilans, Schaeff. On stumps. B. 

T. imbricatum, Fries. Under trees. À. 

T. terreum, Fries. Under trees. Q. 
` T. saponaceum, Fries. On the ground. Smell strong, like soap. 
A. and B. > 


107 


Tricholoma "erba Bull. On the ground. Smell strong, 
very unpleasant. A., 


. T. ionides, Bull. Among grass. A. 
T. carneum, Bull. Among grass. A. 
T. album, Schaeff. Among grass under trees. A., Q. 
T. duracinum, Cke. Under beeches. First observed at Kew. 


Described, Grev., xii, 41; figured, lustr. Brit. Fung. 
pl. ee A. 


T. persona tum, Fries. Among grass. Edible. pin; of the els 
species cmd in addition to the common mushroom, may 80 
imes be seen offered for sale under the name of. e Blewits or 
* Blue- a A. B. 


T. tigrinum, Schaef. Under conifers. A. 
T. patulum, Fr. Among grass. Q. 


nudum, Fries. Among grass. Edible; preferred by some 
people to T. personatum, which it much resemble es. A, 


Var. major, Che. A. 
T. melaleucum, Fries. Onthe naked ground. A., B. 
Var. porphyroleucum, Fries. B. 

T. ‘brevipes, Bull. On the ground. A. 

T. humile, Fries. On heaps of dead leaves. A. 

T. sordidum, Fries. On heaps of dead leaves. A. 

T. Pes-caprae, Schaeff. On the ground under beeches. A. 

T. tigrinum, Schaeff. Under pines. A. 

T. circumtectum, Che. & Mass. Under beeches. First found 
in the gardens in 1886, and afterwards in abundance in Yorkshire. 
(Che. Habk., ed. ii. 382 ; Illustr. Brit. Fung. pl. 1182.) 

T. saevum, Mod A very fine fungus, somewhat resembling 


which it differs in absence of violet tinge in 
gilis, and short, Hoat squamulose stem. Among grass, under 
À. 


T. tenuiceps, Oke. & Mass. Under trees. (Cke. Hdbk. ed. ii. 398; 
Illustr. Brit. Fung. pl. 1166.) A. 


T. Russula, Schaeff. Among grass. A. 

T. subpulverulentum, Fries. Among grass. A. 

T. cuneifolium, Fries. Under trees. P. 

T. grammopodium, Fries. Among short grass. A. Q. 


108 
Clitocybe, Fries. 
C. nebularis, Batsch. Under trees among leaves. Edible 
large fleshy fungus having an excellent flavour, fairly äburidint, 
and not easily mistaken for any other species when once 
understood. Q. 

C. clavipes, Fries: Under trees. A. 

C. odorus, Fries. On the ground. A., Q. 

C. cerussatus, Fries. Under trees. A. 

C. phyllophilus, #7ies. Among dead leaves. A., Q. 

C. pithyophilus, Fries. Among dead leaves. A. 

C. tornatus, Fries. Under trees. Q. 

C. candicans, Fries, Among leaves. A., P. 

C. fumosus, Pers. Among grass by paths. A. 

C. infundibuliformis, Schaeff. Among grass. Q. 

C. inversus, Scop. Under cedars. P. 

C. flaceidus, Fries. Under irees. P. 

C. Tuba, Fries. Among grass. Q. 

C. maximus, Fries. On the ground among grass. A very fine 
and noble fungus, more or less funnel-shaped. The largest Speci- 
men found measured 10 inches across the pileus. Q. 

C. dealbatus, Fries. Among dead leaves. Q. 

C. gilvus, Fries. Under cedars. A. 


C. lobatus, Sow. Under cedars. Pileus rich orange-brown, 
margin deeply lobed. A. 


C. cyathiformis, Fries. Under trees. A., B. 
C. pruinosus, Fries. Among grass. A. 
C. brumalis, Fries. Under trees. Q. 
C. metachrous, Fries. Under trees. A., Q. 
C. fragrans, Sow. Among grass. A., P. 
C. suaveolens, Fries. Among grass. Smell strong, spicy. A. 
C. ditopus, Fries. Among dead leaves. A., Q. 
Laccaria, Berk. & Broome. 
L. laccata, Berk. & Broome. Among grass under trees, A. 


109 


Laccaria bella, Berk. & Br. Among dead leaves Q. 
Collybia, Fries. 

C. radicata, Fries. Among grass. A., B. 

C. platyphylla, Fries. On the ground under trees. 


C. — Fries. On the ground. A rare fungus, probably 
ofte d over for O. fusipes, from which it differs in the 
ON rugulose pileus and scattered habit of growth. 


C. fusipes, Bull. Among grass in open places. Edible. A. 

C. maculata, Alb. & Schw. Among grass. A. 

C. prolixa, Fries. On the ground near stumps. Q. 

C. distorta, Fries. On heaps of dead leaves. A. 

C. butyracea, Bull. On the ground under trees. A., Q. 

C. stipitaria, Fries. On twigs lying on the ground. B. 

C. eonfluens, Pers. On the md ae tufted; tough, and 
resembling a "Marasmius in habit 

C conigena, Pers. On fallen cones of Pinus s glvestr E^ 

C. cirrhata, Schum. On the ground among grass and moss. 

z 


C. tuberosa, Bull. On up Russula nigricans. Springing 
from a small sclerotium. A., 


C. xylophila, Fries. On a decayed, fallen trunk, Q. 


C. vertiruga, Cooke. On rotten twigs. A very Proter gpecies, 
edel by the wrinkled pileus and velvety stem Q. 


C. hariolorum, Bull. Among dead beech leaves lying on the 
und. A. 


C. xanthopoda, Fries. On the ground. A. 

C. nitellina, Fries. On the ground. A. 

C. esculenta, Jacq. On the ground under trees. A. 

C. tenacella, Pers. Under pines. A. 

C. dryophila, Bull. On the ground under trees. A., Q. 

C. aquosa, Bull. Among grass under trees. A. 

C. ocellata, Fries. Among grass. A. 

C. muscigena, Schum. On the ground among moss and grass. Q. 
C. rancida, Fries. On stumps. Smell strong, rancid. A. 
C. ambusta, Fries. On burnt ground. A. 

C. protratta, Fries. Among leaves lying on the ground. A. 


110 


Collybia nummularia, Bull, Among dead leaves. A. 
C. atrata, Fries. On burnt ground. Q. 

Mycena, Fries. 
M. pelianthina, Fries. Among leaves under trees. . A. 
M. pura, Pers. On the ground under trees. A. Q. 


M. pseudopura, Cooke. On the ground under trees. Resémbling 
M. pura in general a aiarar and habit, but somewhat smaller 
and having much larger spores. Q. 


M. rubromarginata, Fries. On the ground. Q. 

M. olivaceo-marginata, Massee. Among short grass, growing in 
troops. Distinguished by the honey-coloured pileus and stem and 
the dark olive edge of the gills. (Cooke’s Hdbk. Ed. II. p. 369 ; 
Cooke's Illustr. pl. 959A.) 

M. lineata, Bull. Among grass. A. 

M. luteo-alba, Bull. Among short grass. A. 

M. rugosa, Fries. On stumps. A. 

M. galericulata, Scop. On stumps. A., Q. 

Var. calopus, Fries. On stumps. A. 

M. polygramma, Bull. On stumps. A. B. 

M. dissiliens, Fries. Among grass and on a stump. A, 

M. atro-cyanea, Batsch. Among grass under trees. Q 


M. pullata, Berk. & Cooke. Among grass. Smell unpleasant. 
A quaint looking fungus, having the pileus and stem almost black 
and the gills snow-white 


M. elegans, Pers. Among grass. Q. 

M. alcalina, Fries. On the ground and on stumps and twigs. Q. 

M. ammoniaca, Fries. Among grass. A. 

M. metata, Fries. Among short grass. A. 

M. vitrea, Fries. Among grass. A, 

M. stannea, Fries. Among short grass. Q. 

M. debile, Fries. Among moss. Q. 

M. vitilis, Fries. Among grass. A. 

M. tenella, Fries. Among short grass. A., P. 

M. acicula, Schaeff. On leaves and small twigs lying on the 
ground. B. 


M. sanguinolenta, Alb. & Schw. Among dead leaves, A. 
M. galopoda, Pers. On the ground among leaves. A., Q. 


111 


Mycena leucogala, Cke. On a stump. A peculiar little fungus of 
a dark purple brown colour; when the stem is broken a white 
milky-looking fluid exudes in drops. (Grev. xi. 4l; Illustr. Brit. 
Fung. pl. 653.) A. 


M. haematopoda, Fries. On dead branches. The stem contains 
a blood-red fluid which flows out when wounded. Q. 


M. cruenta, Fries. On the ground. The stem contains a dark 
red liquid, 


M. crocata, Fries. On the ground. The stem contains a large 
quantity of saffron-red juice. Q. 


M. epipterygia, Scop. Among leaves and on branches lying on 
the ground. A.,Q. 


M. pelliculosa, Fries. Among grass. A. 
M. vulgare, Pers. On twigs and on leaves on the ground. A. 


M. consimile, Cke. Among leaves. (Grev.xix. 41; Illustr. Brit. 
Fung. pl. 1186.) Q. 


M. citrinella, Pers. Among dead leaves. A. 
M. rorida, Fries. Among leaves and moss and on twigs. A. 
M. clavicularis, Fries. On fallen twigs. Q. 


M. filopes, Fries. On the ground. Stem very slender, attached 
to dead leaves, &c., by a long, downy root. A., Q. 


M. saccharifera, Berk. & Broome. On dead bramble stems. Q: 
M. tenerrima, Berk. On twigs and herbaceous stems. B. 


M. ii ieena Aeth On fallen twigs. A very delicate little 
white fungus not more than 1-2 lines broad. Base of stem 
expanded into a rud circular disc. 


M. discopoda, Pers. On branches, &c. A. 

M. corticola, Schum. On bark of trees. A. 

M. hiemale, Osbeck. On bark of trees. A. 
Omphalia, Fries. 

O. hydrogramma, Fries. Among leaves under trees. A. 

0. maura, Fries. Among short grass. A. 

0. Postii, Fries. On sphagnum in the forcing pits. 

0. sphagnicola, Berk. On sphagnum in the pits. 

0. striaepileus, Fr. Among grass. Q. 

O. oniscus, Fries. On tħe ground. Q. 

0. pyxidata, Bull. On banks. A. 

O. rustica, Pers, On banks. A. 


112 


Capian hepatica, Batsch. On the ground among moss, 
&c. P. 


0. muralis, Sow. On dry banks. A. 
0. infumata, Berk. & Broome. Among grass and moss. A. 


O. pseudoandrosacea, Bull. Among grass on lawn. Occurring 
in troops after prolonged rain. A. 


O. umbellifera, L. On banks. A. 
O. retosta, Fries. Dry places on the ground. P. 
O. griseo-pallida, Desm. Among dry grass. A., P. 
0. stellata, Fries. Rotten wood. Q. 
O. camptophylla, Berk. On rotten twigs. Q. 
0. grisea, Fries. On the ground. A. Q. 
O. Campanella, Batsch. Among moss and short grass. A. 
0. Fibula, Bull. Among short grass. P. 
Var. Swartzii, Fries Among grass. A. 


O. directa, Berk. & Broome. On dead leaves. EY 
minute, the 'pileus rarely exceeding half a line in diameter. Q. 


O. bullula, Brig. On dead twigs. Q. 

Pleurotus, Fries. ~ 

P. corticatus, Fries. On trunks. A. 

P. ulmarius, Bull. On elm trunks. A., P. 

P. dryinus, Pers. On ed trunk. The largest specimen measured 
11 inches across the pileus. Q. 

P. tessulatus, Bull. Ona ee Q. 

_ P. circinnatus, Fries. On wood. Q. 

P. ostreatus, Jacg. On fallen trunks. Many people are pre- 
judiced against fu peA growing on wood or stumps, considering 
that all such are poisonous. This is true of some species ; never- 
theless Pleurotus aena, the “ priis fungus," so called on 
etie of its cap r esembling an oyster shell in shape, always 
grows on wood, yet it is universally acknowledged as one of the 
best and este! of edible fungi. Q 

Var. euosmus, Fries. On trunks. A. 
Var. columbinus, Bres. On stumps. Q. 

P. salignus, Fries. On willow trunks by the lake, A. 

P. sapidus, Kalchbr. Onelm trunks. Edible. Remarkable for 
the branched stem, several caps or re springing at different 
points from a common thickened stem 


P.limpidus, Fries. On rotten wood lying on the ground. A. 


* 


113 


Pleurotus tremulus, Schaeff. On rotten wood. A. 

P. acerinus, Fries. On fallen trunks. Q. 

P. acerosus, Fries. On gravel paths and on lawns. A. 

. mitis, Pers. On fallen branches of various coniferous trees. A. 
algidus, Fries. On wood. 

septicus, Fries. On twigs and decaying Polyporus. 
applicatus, Batsch. On rotten wood. A. 

. hypnophilus, Pers. On moss. A., P., Q. 


om o'U Cu (v 


P. chioneus, Pers. On rotten wood. A. 
Hygrophorus, Fries. 

H. eburneus, Bull. Among grass under trees. Q. 

H. aureus, Arrh. Among grass. A. 

H. hypothejus, Fries. Among grass. A. 

H. cerasinus, Berk & Broome. Among grass. A. 

H. livido-albus, Berk & Broome. Among grass. A. 


H. mesotephrus, Berk & Broome. On the ground under 
beeches. Q. 


H. olivaceo-albus, Fries. On the ground. Q. 
H. limacinus, Fries. On the ground. Q. 
H. pratensis, Pers. Among grass in open places. Edible. A. 
H. virgineus, Wulf. Open grassy places. Edible. A. 
Var. roseipes, Mass. Among grass. A. 
H. niveus, Scop. Among short grass. Edible. A. 


H. , Sow. Among short grass. A pure white fungus, 
Serie sie cap covered with a thick glutinous mass. Smell very 
strong and unpleasant, resembling that of the larva of the Goat 
moth—Cossus Omm iper rda Q 


H. fornicatus, Fries. Among grass. Q. 
H. distans, Berk. Among grass. Q. 
H. Clarkii, Berk. & Broome. Among grass. A. 
H. irrigatus, Pers. Among grass. A. 
H. ceraceus, Wulf. Among grass. A. 
H. coccineus, Schaeff. Open places among grass and moss. Q. 
H. metapodius, Fries. Among grass. A, 
13757 H 


114 


ores éalyptraeformis, Berk. Among grass in open 
places. 
Pe niveus, Cke, Among grass. A. 
H. chlorophanus, Fries. Grassy places. A., P. 
H. psittacinus, Schaef. Among short grass. A very pretty 
fungus, having a blending of yellow, green, and orange in the cap, 
hence the iéoifto name. A. 


H. nitratus, Pers. iius grass. Very fragile. Smell very 
strong, nitrous. A. - ; 


H. Taeg Fries. Among short grass. Q. 

H. puniceus, Fries. Among grass under trees. A. 

H. obrusseus, Fries. Short grass in open places. A. 

H. conicus, Scop. Among grass in open places. A showy fungus, 
having a conical cap of a bright yellow colour hie a scarlet tip ; 
every part becoming black when bruised or when 

H. miniatus, Fries. Among short grass. A small, very fragile 
fungus, entirely deep clear crimson, becoming almost white when 

old. A. 


— Fries. 


gy scal 
xudes a quantity of aede iE fluid when broken. In some 
species 8 this fluid is white, like milk, in others yellow or red. In 
e species the liquid is insipid, in Paru as the present, very 
No and causing a tingling of the tongue. 


L. turpis, Fries. On the ground under trees, A., P. 

L. controversus, Pers. Under trees. A. 

L.insulsus, Fries. Among grass. Milk white, very acrid, A, 

L. hysginus, Fries. Among grass. Q. 

L. trivialis, Fries. On the ground, Q. 

L. pubescens, Schrad. Grassy places, A, 

L. blennius, Fries. On the ground under trees, A., P 

L. pyrogalus, Bull. On the ground under trees. A.,Q 

L. quietus, Fries. Under trees, Q. 

L. flexuosus, Fries. | On the ground. Milk white, very acrid. Q. 

L. aurantiacus, Fries, Among grass. A. 

L. rufus, Scop. Under pines. A. 

ciosmus, Fries. 
A, 


L. gly Under trees, Smell strong, resembling 
spirit of wine, 


115 


Lactarius volemus, Fries. On the ground under trees. A large 
fungus, cap and stem deep rusty orange poo Milk white, 
abundant, sweet. Edible. 


L. serifluus, DC. Under trees. A., Q. ue 
L. subduleis, Bull. Among grass under trees. A., Q. 


M dio Under trees. Smell strong, pleasant, 
resembling Melilot 


L. cimiearius, Batsch. Smell heavy and very woah said 
to resemble the smell of bugs, hence the specific na 


Russula, Fries. 
R. nigricans, Bull. Among grass. A.Q. 
R. albo-nigra, Kromb. Among grass. A. 
R. adusta, Fries. Among grass. A., Q. 
R. densifolia, Gillet. Under beeches. A. 
R. mustelina, Fries. Under beeches. A. 
R. olivascens, Fries. Under oaks. A. 
R. furcata, Fries. Under trees. A.; Q. 
Var. pictipes, Cke. Under trees. A. 
Var. ochroviridis, Cke. Under trees. A. 
R. rosacea, Fries. Grassy places. A. 
R. maculata, Quélet. On naked ground under trees. A. 
R. sardonia, Fries. Among grass. A. 
R. purpurea, Fries. Under beeches. A. 
R. lactea, Pers. Under beeches. A. 
Var. incarnata, Quélet. Under beeches. A. 
R. virescens, Schaeff. Among grass. A. 
R. cutefracta, Cke. Under pines. A. 
R. rubra, Fries. Among grass under trees. A., Q. 
Var. sapida, Quélet. Under beeches. A. 
R. Linnaei, Fries. Under beeches, A. 
R. xerampelina, Schaeff. Among grass under trees, A., Q. 
R. olivacea, Schueff. Under beeches. A. 
R. serotina, Quélet.. Shady places among grass, A. 


R. , Fri Among grass under trees, This fungus is 
edible, an and ue flavour very good, but as there are so many 
8 species in the genus, it requires knowledge to be certain 

that: Yon. are dealing with the right species. A. 


13757 H2 


116 


Russula lilacea, Quélet. Under various trees. A 
R. amoena, Quélet. Under trees. | Cap very bright but pale 
purple. A. 
R. cyanoxantha, Schaeff. Grassy places. A. 
R. heterophylla, Fries. Among grass under oaks. A. 
R. galochroa, Bull. Under beeches. A. 
R. consobrina, Fries. Among grass ‘under trees. A. 
Var. intermedia, Cke. Under beeches. A. 
Var. sororia, Fries. Under beeches. A. 


R. foetens, Pers. Under trees. Smell strong and very 
unpleasant. A., Q. 


R. subfoetens, W. G. Smith. Under beeches. A. 


R. fellea, Fries. — trees. Entirely pale straw colour, taste 
very bitter. Poisonou 


R. expallens, Gillet. Under trees among grass. A. 

R. elegans, Bres. Among grass under beeches. A. 

R. emetica, Fries. Among grass. A very beautiful a cap 
varying from pale rose-colour to deep crimson, remainder snow- 
white. Very poisonous, nevertheless it appears to be a avoalc 
food plant for slugs and snails, it being often difficult to find a 
A specimen out of scores that has not been more or less 
eaten. A. 

Var. Clusii, Fries. Among grass. A. 
Var. fallax, Schaeff. Among grass. A. 

R. fingibilis, Britz. Among grass under oaks. <A. 

R. pectinata, Bull. On the ground under trees. A. 

R. ochracea, Fries. Under trees. A. 

R. granulosa, Cke. Under trees. A., Q. 

R. aeruginea, Fries. Among grass. A. 

R. citrina, Gillet. Grassy and shady places. A. 

R. fragilis, Fries. Among grass. A. 

Var. niveus, Pers. Under trees among grass and leaves. A. 

R. punctata, Gillet. Among grass. A. 

Var. leucopus, Cke. Among grass. A. 

R. veternosa, Fries. Among grass under trees. A. 

R. integra, L. Among grass under oaks and beeches. A, 

R. decolorans, Fries, Among grass. A. 


117 


Russula Barlae, Quélet. Under beeches. A. 
Var. euprea, Kromb. Under beeches. A. 
R. nitida, Pers. Among short grass under trees. A., Q 
R. alutacea, Fries. Under trees. A. 
R. armeniaca, Che. Under pines. A. 
R. puellaris, Fries. Among short grass. A. 
Var. intensior, Che. Among grass. P. 
Var. roseipes, Secr. Under beeches among grass. A. 
R. ochroleuca, Pers. Among grass under beeches. A. 
R. chamaeleontina, Fries. On naked ground under beeches. A. 
R. lutea, Huds. Among short grass in shady places. A., Q. 
R. nauseosa, Pers. Among short grass. A. 
R. vitellina, Pers. Under trees. A. 
Cantharellus, Fries. 


C. cibarius, Fries. Under beeches. A thick, fleshy fungus of a 
uniform pale, dull orange aon and an agreeable smell, resem- 
bling that of apricots. Generally acknowledged throughout 
Bemi as one of the best among edible fungi, if properly pre- 
pared. A. 


C. aurantiacus, Fries. Among short grass in damp places. 
Somewhat resembli ing E cibarius in colour and general appear- 
ance, but a slenderer plant. Poisonous. A., Q. 

C. carbonarius, Alb. & Schw. Burnt ground. Q. 

C. tubaeformis, Fries. On the ground. Q. 

C. cinereus, Fries. Among grass under beeches. A. 

C. infundibuliformis, Fries. Among grass. A. 

C. muscigenus, Bull. On mosses (Hypnum). A. 

C. lobatus, Fries. On mosses. A. 

Nyctalis, Fries. 

N. asterophora, Fries. On dead fungi (Russula nigricans). Q. 
Marasmius, Fries. 

M. urens, Fries. Among grass. A. 


M. peronatus, Bolton. Among grass. A very common fungus 
under trees; the stem is shaggy with yellowish down. 
very pu ngent ; poisonous. A., Q. 


M. oreades, Fries. Amon ng grass - Pipe places. Popularly 
known as the “ Champignon ” ; grows in open pastures and often 
forms “fairy rings." Esteemed as an pers of food, or rather as 
a seasoning in France and Ttaly. A., P.; Q. 


118 


Marasmius prasiosmus, Fries. Among dead leaves under trees. Q. 

M. erythropus, Pers. On stumps. Closely resembling Collybia 
acervata in general appearance. Differing in the gills not being 
crowded together. A., Q. 

M. archyropus, Fries. Among leaves. A. 

M. ramealis, Bull. On dead bramble stems. Q. 


M. alliaceus, di groe dead rade: Smell strong, resem- 
bling garlic. 


M. foetidus, Fries. On dead egisti lying on the ground. 
Smell = strong and unpleasant. Q. 


M. graminum, Berk A small Ee growing on leaves and 
culms of dai gra A. 


M. Rotula, Si = dead twigs lying on the ground. A., Q. 
M. androsaceus, L. On dead branches. A. 

M. insititius, Fries. On dead twigs. A., P. 

M. Hudsoni, Pers. On dead holly leaves. A. 

M. epiphyllus, Fries. On dead leaves. A., Q. 

M. actinophorus, Berk. & Broome. On dead fallen twigs. A. 


M. saccharinus, Batsch. On dead twigs and leaves lying on the 
ground. A. 


Lentinus, Fries. 
L. tigrinus, Fries. On dead wood. A. 
L. lepideus, Fries. On dead wood. A., Q. 


L. cochleatus, Fries. On stumps. Has a very agreeable, spicy 
smell, and is edible. Q. 


L. Dunalii, Fries. On dead trunk. Q. 
Panus, Fries. 

P. stypticus, Fries. On dead logs. A. 

i conchatus, Fries. Ona PES trunk. Q. 

P. torulosus, Fries. On a stump. A very fine fungus when 
in the full Sar of growth, "Bali: clothed with a beautiful purple 
velvety pi Q. 

Lenzites, Fries. 

L. betulina, Z. Onstumps. A. 

L. abietina, Fries. On fir rails. Q. 

L. flaccida, Fries. On beech trunk. Q. 

L. sepiaria, Fries. On pine wood. Q. 


119 


Hiatula, Fries. 


*H. Wynniae, Berk. & Broome. On soil in a stove. Phospho- 
rescent in the dark, emitting a pale greenish light. A native of 
Ceylon. (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1879, p. 206 ; Illustr. Brit. Fung. 
pl. 688.) 

Volvaria, Fries. 


- V. bombycina, Schaeff. On living elm trees. A very beautiful 
fungus, sometimes growing to a large size. A specimen of this 
ungus growing on a living elm in the grounds weighed 23 pounds; 
diameter of cap when expanded, 14 inches; stem, 8 inches long 
by 2 inches thick ; gills, 14 inches broad. A figure along with 
the specimen is in the herbarium. A. 


V. gloiocephala, Fries. On the ground. Poisonous. A. 

V. temperata, Berk. & Broome. On soil in a hot-house. 

V. speciosa, Fries. On the ground. Poisonous. A. 
Pluteus, Fries, 

P. cervinus, Schaeff. On stumps and logs. A. 

P. nanus, Pers. On stumps and on the ground. A., Q. 

P. umbrosus, Pers. On fallen trunk. Q. 

P. leoninus, Schaeff. On stump. A. 

P. chrysophaeus, Schaef}. On fallen branch. Q. 
Entoloma, Fries. 

E. sinuatum, Fries. On the ground under trees. Poisonous. Q. 

E. jubatum, Fries. On the ground among grass. Q. 

E. sericellum, Fries. On the ground among grass. Q. 

E. clypeatum, Z. On the ground under trees. A., P. 

E. speculum, Fries. Among short grass. A., Q. 

E. tortipes, Massee. Among grass. A. 

E. rhodopolium, Fries. On the ground. A. 

E. costatum, Fries. On the ground among grass. A 

E. sericeum, Buli. In grass places. A. 

E. nidorosum, Fries. On the ground under trees. A., Q. 

E. porphyrophaeum, Fries. Among grass. Q. 

E. sinuatum, Fries. On the ground under trees. Poisonous. Q. 
Leptonia, Fries. : 

L.lampropoda, Fries. Among short grass. A. 

L.anatina, Lasch. Among short grass. A. 


120 


Leptonia serrulata, Pers. Among grass. A. P. 


L. chalybea, Pers. On stumps. A very beautiful little fungus 
of a deep blue colour. Q. 


L. chloropolia, Fries. Among short grass. A. 

L. incana, Fries. Among grass. ` AÀ. 

L. nefrens, Fries. Growing among grass in damp places. Q. 
Nolanea, Fries. 

N. pascua, Pers. Among short grass. A., P. 

N. mammosa, Fries. Among grass. A. 


N. nigripes, Trog. On the ground in damp place by the lake. 
Smell very strong and unpleasant, resembling stinking fish. A. 


N. verecunda, Fries. Among grass. Q. 


Eccilia, Fries. 
E. Acus, W. G. Smith. First found amongst germinating coffee 
seeds in cocoanut fibre, Kew Gardens. It has since been collected 


in the North of England on pine leaves. 

E. rhodocylix, Lasch. On the ground. A. 

E. atropuncta, Pers. On the ground under brambles. Q. 
Clitopilus, Fries. 


C. prunulus, Scop. Under trees. Smell pleasant, resembling 
oatmeal. Edible. A. 


C. cancrinus, Fries. On the ground. A. 

C. carneo-albus, Wither. Among grass. A. 

C. mundulus, Lasch. On the ground among fallen leaves. Q. 

C. cretatus, Berk. & Broome. On the ground. A. 

C. straminipes, Massee. On the ground. Q. 
Claudopus, W. G. Smith. 

C. variabilis, Pers, On twigs. A. 

C. depluens, Baís;h. On wood. A., Q. 

C. byssisedus, Pers. On wood. A., Q. 
Pholiota, Fries. 

P. togularis, Bull.. On the ground. A. 

P. dura, Bolton. On the ground. Q. 

P. praecox, Pers. Among grass. A., P. 

P. erebia, Fries. On the ground. A., P. 


121 


Pholiota ombrophila, Fries. On the ground under trees. Q. 
P. sphaleromorpha, Bull. Among dead leaves. A. 

P. molliscoria, Che. & Muss. Among short grass. A. 

P. radicosa, Bull. On the ground near trunks. Q. 

P. Aegerita, Fries. On trunks. Q. 

P. squarrosa, Müll. On stumps. A. 

P. spectabilis, Fries. On trunks. Q. 


P. adiposa, Fries. On trunks. A very beautiful fungus having 

the cap deep golden yellow and ornamented with darker scales 

arranged concentrically. Growing in clusters on trunks of living 
trees, which it eventually kills. 


P. mutabilis, Schaef. On logs. A. 

P. marginata, Batsch. On fallen pine leaves. A. 

P. unicolor, Schum. On fallen branches. Q. 
Inocybe, Fries. 


L pyriodora, Pers. On the ground = trees. Smell resembles 
that of ripe pears, hence the specific na A., Q. 


I. incarnata, Bres. Among grass under trees. Q. 


I. calamistrata, Fries. On the ground under pines. Remark- 
able for the strong smell and in having the base of the stem dark 
blue. A. 


I. dulcamara, Alb. & Schw. Under pines. A. 

I. scaber, Müll. On the ground. A. 

I. fasciata, Cke. & Mass. A species remarkable in the genus 
Inoc rm for growing in diitise tufts. (Grev. xvii. 52 ; Illustr. “Br at. 
Fungi, pl. 1173.) A. 

I. Bongardii, Weinm. Among short grass. A. 

I. echinata, Roth. On soil in the temperate house. 

I. scaber, Fries. On the ground. Q. 


I. fasciata, Cke. & Mass. Among grass. Remarkable in the 
present genus for its ezespitose or tufted habit of growth. A. 


I. rimosa, Bull. Onthe ground. Q. 

I. asterospora, Quélet. On the ground under trees. Superficially 
closely resembling Q. rimosa, Bull. Differing more especially in 
the globose, warted spores. A. 

I. destricta, Fries. Under trees. Smell very unpleasant. Q. 

I. Trinii, Weinm. Among short grass. Smell very pleasant, 
resembling clove-pinks. A. 


122 


Inocybe perbrevis, Weinm. Among short grass. A. 


I. scabella, Fries. On the ground under trees. Varying in 
colour from pure white to a beautiful pale lilac. A., 


I. geophylla, Sow. On the ground under trees. A form with a 
pale bluish-grey pileus is not uncommon; sometimes white. A., P. 


I. subrimosa, Massee. Among grass. Q. 
I. trechispora, Berk. Under ferns and brambles. Q. 
Hebeloma, Fries. 


H. fastibile, Fries. On the ground under trees. Smell strong 
and unpleasant ; poisonous. ‘ 


H. firmum, Fries. On the ground under Pinus sylvestris. A. 


testaceum, Batsch. Under trees. . Smell quite strong, 
resembling radishes Q. 


H. elatum, Fries. Under pines. Smell resembling radishes. A. 
H. claviceps, Fries. On the ground. A. 

H. mesophaeum, Fries. Under fir trees. A. 

H. sinapizans, Fries. On the ground near stumps. A., Q. 


H. nauseosum, Cooke. Under trees. Smell very, pungent and 
wishin Q. 


H. crustuliniforme, Bull. On the ground. Smell strong and 
unpleasant; poisonous. A. 


H. longicaudum, Pers. Under trees. Q. 
H. petiginosum, Fries. On the ground under beeches. A. 
Flammula, Fries. 


*F. purpurata, Che. & Mass. On tree-fern stems; in the fern- 
house. e. xviii. 133 Illustr. Brit. Fungi, pl. 964.) 


F. gymnopodia, Bull. On the ground. A. 

F. lenta, Pers. On the ground under trees. Q. 
F. spumosa, Fries. On buried wood. A. 

F. carbonaria, Fries. On burnt ground. A. 

F. flavida, Schaef. On wood. A., Q., P. 

F. mixta, Fries. Under pines. A. 

F. gummosa, Lasch. Onan old stump. Q. 

F. apicrea, Fries. On fallen trunk. Q. 

F. ochrochlora, Fries. On fallen trunk. Q. 


123 

Flammula inopoda, Fries. On rotten trunks. "This fungus will 
probably prove to bea species of Hypholoma. A. 

F.sapinea, Fries. Under pines. A. 
Naucoria, Fries. 

.N. hamadrya, Fries. Among grass. A. 

N. cidaris, Fries. On the ground in damp places.’ A. 

N. innocua, Lasch. On damp ground. Q. 

N. pusiola, Fries. Among moss. Q. 

N. cerodes, Fries. Among grass. A. 

N. melinoides, Fries. Among short grass. A., Q. 

N. imer. Sa: Cke. Among grass. me nee meer d = species 

near 


that time. It hasalso been collected in Yorkshire. (Grev. xiii. 60; 
Illustr. Brit. Fungi, pl. 478.) 


pediades, Fries. Among short grass. A., P. 
tabacina, D.C. On naked ground. A. 
temulenta, Fries. Among moss and grass. A. 


n 


badipes, Fries. On the ground. A. 
hydrophila, Massee. Damp ground. Q. 
semiorbieularis, Bull. Among short grass. A. 
latissima, Cooke. Among grass. Q. 

siparia, Fries. On dead twigs. Q. 

conspersa, Pers. On the ground. Q. 


aou ou ou ou mu uu 


carpophila, Fries. On dead beech mast. A. 


z 


. graminicola, Nees. On dead grass stems. Q. 
Galera, Fries. | 
G. tenera, Schaeff. Among grass. A., Q. 
G. siliginea, Fries. On the ground under ferns, &c. Q. 
G. rubiginosa, Pers. On the ground among moss. 
G. Hypnorum, Batsch. Among grass, common every where, 
Var. Bryorum, Pers. Among moss and grass. A. 
G. miniophila, Lasch. Among moss. Q. 
G. ravida, Fries. On chips. Q. : 
G. spartea, Fries. Among moss. Q. 


Tubaria, Fries. 
T. furfuracea, Pers. On twigs and chips. A. 
T. crobula, Fries. On fallen branches. A. 
: T. paludosa, Fries. Among moss, &c., edge of lake. A. 
T. muscorum, Pers. Among moss or a tree trunk. Q. 
T. inquilina, Fries. On fragments of rotten wood lying on the 
ground. Q. 
Crepidotus, Fries. 
C. mollis, Schaeff. On decaying trunks. Q. 


C. epibryus, Fries. Growing on living plants of Hypnum 
purum. 


C. Rubi, Berk. On dead bramble stems. Q. 
C. epigaeus, Pers. On the ground. A. 
Emus Fries. 
. rubriceps, Cke. & Mass. aa soil in the aroid house. A 
very "remarkable fungus, the first European representative of the 


genus. In all probability imported with soil or plants from the 
southern halt lephe re. (Grev. xv. 57; Illusir. Brit. Fungi, 
967.) 


Bolbitius, Fries. 
B. tener, Berk. Among grass. A. 
B. grandiusculus, Cke. d Mass. Among grass. A. 
B. vitellinus, Fries. On dung. Kew Green. 
B. flavidus, Bolton. On horse-dung. A. 
B.titubans, Fries. Among short grass. Q. 
B. tener, Berk. Among grass. Q. 
Cortinarius, Fries. 
C. saturninus, Fries. Among grass under trees. Q. 
C. isabellinus, Fries. Under pines. A. 
C. scandens, Fries. Under pines. P. 
C. decipiens, Fries. Under trees. Q. 
C. acutus, Fries. Under trees. Q. 
C. evernius, Fries. Under pines. P. 
A large and robust fungus, readily known 


. armillatus, Fries 
2 the presence of three or four eae, zones of a vermilion colour 
ircling the stem. Under Q. 


125 


Cortinarius iliopodius, Fries. Under trees. Q. 

C. glaucopus, Fries. On the ground under trees, Q. 

C. coerulescens, Fries. Under trees. A. 

C. purpurascens, Fries. Among grass under trees. Q. 

C. mucifluus, Fries. Under trees. A. 

C. ochroleucus, Schaeff. Among grass. The abundant 
species of this large genus, riga is but sparsely eee in 
the grounds. A. 

C. cinnamomeus, Fries. Under trees. Q. 

. torvus, Fries. Among grass under trees. There is some 
difference of opinio n d beanie ae European countries as to this 
species ; but specimen wer mitted t 
ed "that Wk, vindi repadientad his idea of the species. Q. 
C. testaceus, Cooke. On the ground. Q. 
C. hinnuleus, Fries. Under trees. A. 


C. leucopus, Bull. Among grass. A small form of this species 
having the pileus about 1°5 cm. across is not uncommon. A. 

C. castaneus, Fries. On the ground. í a specimen, so far 
as I am aware, has only been collected. 


Paxillus, Fries. 
F. peura Cke. & Mass. On the ground among grass. 
(Grev. xvi. 46 ; Illustr. Brit. p pl. 874.) Q. 


P. panaeolus, Fries. On the ground. Q. 
P. lividus, Cooke. Under trees. Q. 


P. involutus, Batsch. On the ground; common everywhere. 
Edible 


P. leptopus, Fries. On rotten wood. Q. 
Agaricus, L 


A. iiid s, L. Among grass. This is cone considered as 
the most delicious of all edible fungi, and is generally spoken of 
as the meadow mushroom. Although supposed to be the only 
species sold, it is in reality rare in the market as a cultivated 
Species. A. 

A. augustus, Fries. Naked soil. This beautiful species occurred 
in abundance one season. It is —— and the flavour much 
superior to that of the common mushroom 


A. arvensis, Schaeff. Among grass. It is to be found every 
season under elm trees. Edible, and by a considered age or 
to the mushroom. Popularly known as the horse mushroo E 


A. silvaticus, Schaeff. On the ground. Q. 


126 


Agaricus haemorrhoidarius, Schulzer. On the ground. Q.. 
A. comptulus, Fries. Among grass. A. 
A. sagatus, Fries. Under trees. A. 
A. russiophyllus, Fries. Among grass. A. 
Stropharia, Fries. 


S. Coronilla, Bull. Among grass. A neat little fungus, super- 
ficially closely resembling apanan comptulus, but distinguished 
by the gills being attached to the stem. Poisonous. A., P. 


S. squamosa, Fries. On heaps of leaves and decaying vegetable 
matter in damp places. 


8. thrausta, Kalchb. On decaying vegetable matter, and on the 
ground in damp places. A., Q. 


S. inuncta, Fries. Among grass. P. 
. ventricosa, Massee. On the ground in clusters. A. 


. catarium, Pers. On the ground. Q. 


8 
S 
S. melasperma, Bull. | Among grass. Q. 

S. merdaria, Fries. On dung. A. 

B. stercoraria, Fries. On dung. A., P. 

S. aeruginosa, Curtis. Among grass. Common. Poisonous. 

S. semiglobata, Batsch. On dung. Poisonous. A., P. 
Hypholoma, Fries. 

H. sublateritium, Fries. On stumps. Poisonous. A., Q. 

Var. squamosum, Cke. On stumps. A. 
H. epixanthum, Fries. On stumps. Q. 


H. fasciculare, Hudson. On and around stumps. Common. 
Poisonous. 


Var. eleodes, Fries. On stumps. A. 
H. dispersum, Fries. On the ground. Q. 
H. velutinum, Pers. On the ground near decaying wood. A., Q. 
H. pyrotrichum, Holms. On the ground. A. 
H. candolleanum, Fries. On stumps and buried wood. A., B., Q. 
H. appendiculatum, Bull. On rotten wood. Common. 
H. catarium, Fries. On the ground. A. 
. H. eapnoides, Fries. On the ground near stumps. Q. 
H. hydrophilum, Bull. On the ground A. 


127 


Psilocybe, Fries. : Ad 
P. semilanceata, Fries. Among short grass. Common. Poisonous. 


Var. coerulescens, Cke. Among grass. Differs from the 
typieal form only in being blue or greenish at the base of the 
Stem. A. Ri 


P. ericaea, Pers. Among grass in low damp places. P. 
P. physalodes, Bull. On manured ground, P. 
P. atro-rufa, Fries. On soil in the temperate house. 
P. cernua, Müll. On the ground among heaps of dead leaves. Q. 
P. spadicea, Schaeff. On the naked ground. A. 
P. foenisecii, Pers. Among grass. Common. 
Psathyra, Fries. 
P. eorrugis, Pers. On naked soil. A. Among grass. Q. 
Var. vinosus, Corda. Melon yard. 


P. semivestita, Berk. & Broome. Among grass. It is only 
during the young state that the pileus is covered with white, 
floccose down ; when fully developed it is usually quite naked. A. 


P.elata, Massee. A very beautiful fungus, with a bell-shaped, 
rich brown pileus and a silvery-white stem six to seven inches long. 
Growing in dense clusters. On the ground. - Q. 


P. neglecta, Massee. Onthe ground. A. 
Panaeolus, Fries. | 

P. egregius, Mass. Among grass. A. 

P.fimiputris, Bull. Omdung. A. P. 

P. retirugis, Batsch.. On dung. A. 

P. campanulatus, L. Among grass. Common. 

P. papilionaceus, Bull. Among grass. Common. 

P. leucophanes, Berk. & Broome. Among grass. A. 

P. phalenarum, Fries. On horse dung. A. 
` P. fimicola, Fries. On manured ground. P. 
Anellaria, Karsten. 

A. separata, Karsten. On dung. A. P. 

A. fimiputris, Karsten. On dung. Common. 
Psathyrella, Fries. : 

P. gracilis, Fries. On naked ground under hedges &c, A, 

P. subatrata, Fries. On the ground. A. 


128 


. Psathyrella hiascens, Fries. On the ground under trees. A. 
P. atomata, Fries. On the ground under hedges, &c. 


P. disseminata, Fries. On decaying trunks and stumps. A., Q. 


Coprinus, ries. 
C. comatus, Fries. On rich soil and on heaps of deceyed leaves 
ime 


A very elegant fungus when well developed, some 
attaining a height of 14 inches. 


edible fungi. A figure of this species is exhibited in No. 2 
museum, A., 


C. sterquilinus, Fries. On dung and rich soil, A., P. 


C. atramentarius, Fries. 


On the ground near decaying wood. 
Common. 


Edible, but not equal in flavour to Coprinus comatus. 


C. soboliferus, Fries. On the ground. Probably only a variety - 
of C. atramentarius. Edible. P. 


C. fimetarius, Fries. On manure heaps, &c. Common. 


C. niveus, Fries. On dung. Common. 
C. micaceus, Fries. On the ground near stumps, post 


(8) 
rowing in dense clusters; the pileus when young is they 
dusted with glittering particles resembling fragments of m 


C. fuscescens, Fries. On the ground. A 


Var. rimoso-squamosus, Cooke. On the ground at the base 
of a stump. A. 


C. congregatus, Bull. On soil in the temperate house. 
C. deliquescens, Bull. On trunks, heaps of decaying leaves, &c. 
Common. 
C. tardus, Karsten. On the ground near buried wood. A. 


C. tuberosus, Quélet. On dung. An interesting little species, 


springing from a small black sclerotium. e sclerotia were 
found b a Nicholson ; the sporophores appeared a week 
after the sclerotia were pl d: is the first 
British record 


t 
from French specimens (Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xxiv. 289, pl 
IND. B. 


C. Hendersoni, Berk. On soil in hot-beds. 
C. Lagopus, Fries. On rich soil. A., P. 
C. pellucidus, Karsten. On soil in a propagating pit. 


C. radiatus, Fries. On dung. Common, A very minute and 
delicate fungus lasting only a few hours; only about 2 lines 
across, 


P 


Common. ` 


129 


Coprinus stercorarius, Fries. On dung,rich soil, &c. Common. 
C. ephemerus, Fries. On manure heaps, &c. Common. 
C. velox, Godey. On horse-dung. 


C. Gibbsii, Mass. & Crossl. Cultivated in the herbarium on 
horse-dung received from Yorkshire. This species is the smallest 
Agaric known, being only about 4,,th of an inch across. 


POLYPOREAE. 
Boletus, Dill. 
B.luteus, L. Under pines. A. 
B. elegans, Schum. Under pines. A. 
B. flavus, With. On the ground under trees, A. 


B. chrysenteron, Fries. On the ground. The most abundant 
species in the grounds. "Very handsome, with its olive cap and 
bright lemon-yellow under-surface. Poisonous. 


B. subtomentosus, Z. On the ground. Common. 


B. cruentus, Vent. On the ground under beeches. Smell strong; 
ised. A 


flesh changing to red when cut or bruised. - 
B. impolitus, Fries. Under trees. A. 


Var. nanus, Massee. A small form, only about 1 in. across, 
also differs from the typical form in having the opening of 
the tubes sinuous. 


B. fulvidus, Fries. Under trees. A. 


B. castaneus, Bull. Under trees. A rare fungus, readily re- 
cognised by the minutely velvety pale chestnut-coloured pileus 
and stem. A. 


B. spadiceus, Schaeff. Under trees. A. 
B. radicans, Pers. Under trees. A. 


B. duriusculus, Schulzer. On the ground. The flesh turns 
copper-coloured when cut or bruised. A. 


B. radicans, Pers. Among grass under trees, A. 
B. badius, L. Among grass. A., Q. 

B. bovinus, Z. Under pines. A. 

B. granulatus, L. Under trees. Edible. A. 

B. tenuipes, Cke. Under beeches. A. 


B. regius, Kromb. Among grass. A very beautiful fungus with 
a bun-shaped rose-coloured cap or pileus four to six inches across. A. 
B.fragrans, Vitt. Remarkable amongst species of Boletus for 
growing in dense clusters. Edible. 
13767 I 


130 


Boletus eim bentes On the ground under trees. A common 
Species in the unds, readily known by the dark olive-green 
pileus, and the loo -re Mudar-gurfao and stout stem. "The p 
yellow flesh instantly changes to a deep indigo-blue colour aban 

roken.. Poisonous. A., Q. 


B. edulis, Bull. On the ground. The cap or pileus resembles a 
penny bun i in shape, size, and colour. Edible. Q. 


B. purpureus, Fries. Under trees. A. 

B. vaccinus, Fries. Under beech trees. A. 

B. rubinus, W. G. Smith. Under beeches. A. 
B. viscidus, L. Under trees. Q. 

B. laricinus, Berk. Under pines. A. 

B. scaber, Fries. Among grass. Edible. A., Q. 


B. caespitosus, Mass. Am g grass under trees. Growing in 
dense clusters. (Brit. Dasma: P dem i, 29L) A. 


Fistulina, Bull. 


F. Hepatica, Fries. On living trunks of old oak trees. When 
well grown forming large flaps weighing llb. to 2 lbs. each. 
Texture fibrous and resembling raw beef when cut in slices, hence 
the popular name beefsteak fungus. Edible. ; B. 

Polyporus, Micheli. 
P. rufescens, Fries. On stumps. Q. 


P. squamosus, Fries. On living trunks of various trees. Com- 
mon. An elegant fungus, but a destructive parasi site. 


P. melanopus, Fries. On buried wood. A. 
P. pieipes, Fries. On willow trunks. A., Q. 
P. varius, Fries On fallen trunks and stumps. A., P. 
P. elegans, Fries. On birch trunk. Q. 
Var. nummularius, Fries. On fallen trunks. Q. 


P. giganteus, Fries. At the base of trunks. The large over- 
lapping pilei often form patches two to Bode feet across. A. 

P. sulphureus, Fries. On living trunks of various trees. Com. 
mon. Distinguished by the bright sulphur colour of ever 
and the very disagreeable smell. A destructive parasite to tron, - 


P.salignus, Fries. On willow trunks, which are destroyed by 
it. A. 

£e Sagem 3 Fries. Parasitic on oak trunks, usually growing 
near the base. A. 


P. hispidus, Fries. On living trunks of various trees. A very 
— parasite. A., Q. 


131 
Polyporus cuticularis, Fries. On beech trunk. A parasitic 
species. A. 
P. mollis, Fries. On dead pine wood. Q. 


P. rutilans, Fries. On dead elm branches. Smell pleasant, 
readin Dita cirinsedt Q. 


P. Destructor, Fries. On worked wood, which it destroys. 
P. betulinus, Fries.. Parasitic on birch trunks. Q. 

P. fumosus, Fries. On stumps. Q. 

P. adustus, Fries. On trunks, stumps, &c. Common. 

P. chioneus, Fries. On pine trunks. A. 

P. caesius, Fries. On decayed pine trunk. Q. 


P. armeniacus, Berk. On stumps and dead wood. Pure white 
when growing, changing toa bright cinnamon colour when dry. 


P. fragilis, Fries. On rotten pine wood. Soft, white, spotted 
with brown when bruised. Q 


Fomes, Fries. 
ucidus, Fries. On decaying trunks. Reddish-chestnut 


colour; the pileus gives out a viscid secretion which soon hardens, 
when it presents the appearance of having been varnished. A. 


F. ulmarius, Fries. On old elm trunks. A. 
F. connatus, Fries. On old trunks. Q. 


F. roseus, Fries. On anold post. Dingy rose colour both outside 
and inside. a 


F. igniarius, Fries. On living beech trunk. Différs from P, 
Jomentarius, |». in the very hard flesh and — Mati A 
destructive parasite, sacking many kinds of trees. 


F. fomentarius, Fri On living trunks of various saa which 
it eventually kills if nee removed. The substance of this fungus 


exhibited in No. 2 Sepe As P. 

F. nigricans, Fries, On living birch trunk. A parasitic 
Species. Q. 

F. salicinus, Fries. On willow trunks. A. 

F. ius Fries. On old ash trunks, A. 


F. a us, Fries. Base of trunks, stumps, &c. A very destruc- 
tive fare especially to Conifers. Q. 


F. applanatus, Fries. On dead trunks. Q. 
F. conchatus, Fries. On willow trunks. A. 


F. ferruginosus, Mass. On dead trunks, posts, &e. A., Q. 
13757 12 


132 
Polystictus, Fries. 
P. perennis, Fries. On the ground, under beeches. A. 
P. versicolor, Fries, On dead trunks, stumps, &c. Common. 
P. hirsutus, Fries. On trunks, posts, &c. Common, 
P. velutinus, Fries. On trunks and stumps. Common. 
P. abietinus, Fries. On decaying fir tree. A. 
P.radiatus, Fries. On dead branches. Q. 
Poria, Pers. 
P. vapoaria, Fries. On fallen branches. Common. Usually a 
npe but sometimes becoming parasitic, and destroying 
P. Medulla-panis, Fries. On rotten wood. Q. 
P. blepharistoma, Berk. & Broome. On dead wood. A., P. 
P. sanguinolenta, Alb. & Schw. On dead wood. A. 
P. vulgaris, Fries. On dead branches. Q. 
P. hibernica, Berk. & Broome. On pine boards in a greenhouse. 
P. farinella, Fries. On dead branches of beech, A. 
P. viridans, Berk. On rotten wood. A. 
P. terrestris, Fries. On naked ground. Q. 
Trametes, Fries. 
T. gibbosa, Fries. Onstumps. Q. 
T. serpens, Fries. On fallen bark. Q. 


T. suaveolens, Fries. On trunk. Smell pleasant, resembling 
niseed. Q. 


Daedalea, Pers. 

D. quercina, Pers. On oak stumps. A 

D. unicolor, Fries. On posts. Q. 

D. latissima, Fries. On dead wood. Q. 

Merulius, Hall. 

M. lacrymans, bees On old boards. Popularly eae 
“dry-rot.”’ Very rare in woods, but too well know n for the 
places. Fine specimens of this fungus are exhibited in No. 
museum. 

M. Corium, Fries. On dead branches. Q. 


133 


Merulius tremellosus, Schrad. On dead wood. P. 
M. serpens, Tode. On rotten pine board. A. 

M. molluscus, Fries. On dead wood. Q. 

M. aurantiacus, Klotzsch. On a stump. Q. 


HYDNEAE. 
Hydnum, Z. 

H. Weinmanni, Fries. On rotten poplar. Q. 
alutaceum, Fries. On rotten wood. A. 
viride, Fries. On rotten wood. A. 
niveum, Pers. On dead wood. A., Q. 
farinaceum, Pers. On rotten pine boards. A. 
molluscum, Fries. On dead wood. Q. 


E pm opm pom om 


melleum, Berk. & Broome. On worked wood. A. 
udum, Fries. On fallen branches. Q. 


m 


Caldesiella, Saccardo. 
C. ferruginosa, Saccardo. On dead wood. A. 


Irpex, Fries. 

I. fusco-violaceus, Fries. On pine trunks. This fungus is said 
to become parasitic on pines. It is doubtful as to whether this 
species is more than a form of Polystictus abietinus with torn 
pores. A. 

I. obliquus, Fries. On stumps. Q. 

Radulum, Fries. 

R. quercinum, Fries. On dead oak branches. A. 

R. pendulum, Fries. On birch trunk. Q. 

R. orbiculare, Fries. On dead bark of various trees. A, 
Phlebia, Fries. 

P. vaga, Fries. On dead wood. Q. 

P. radiata, Fries. On dead wood. Q. 

P. merismoides, Fries. On dead wood. Q. 

P. contorta, Fries. On fallen trunk. Q. 

Grandinia, Fries. 
G. granulosa, Fries. On fallen branches. A. 
G. crustosa, Fries. On dead wood. A. 


134 
Odontia, Pers. 
O. fimbriata, Pers. On fallen branches. Q. 
Kneiffia, Fries. 
K. setigera, Fries. Or fallen branches. A. 


THELEPHOREAE. 
Solenia, Hoffmann. 


S. fasciculata, Pers. On dead wood. B. 


Cyphella, Fries. 
C. capula, Fries. On dead bramble stem. Q. 
C. albo-violacea, Karsten. On dead bark. B. 


C. villosa, Karsten. On rotten twigs. A. 

C. muscigena, Fries. On living Hypnwm. A. 

C. lacera, Fries. On fallen twigs. Q. 

Craterellus, Fries. 

C. cornucopioides, Pers. On the ground. A quaint-looking 
fungus, resembling a black funnel with a wavy margin. Edible, 
and with an excellent flavour. Q. 

Stereum, Pers. 
S. spadiceum, Fries. On dead branches. Common. 
S. rugosum, Fries. On dead branches. Common, 


S. sanguinolentum, Fries. On decaying pine .plank. The 
hymenium becomes blood-red when scratched or bruised. A. 


S. purpureum, Pers. On dead trunks or branches. Common. 


S. ochroleucum, Fries. On dead bark, especially of Aesculus 
Hippocastanum. A, 


S. hirsutum, Fries. On dead sage branches, &c. Common. 
Is sometimes a destrui vo parasite on trees. 


8. undulatum, Massee. On the ground. Q. 

S.frustulosum, Fries. On dead bark. Q. 

S. acerinum, Fries. On bark. Q. 
Corticium, — 


C. comedens, Fries. On branches. Common. a under 
the bark, which is een thrown off. A parasite. 


395 


Corticium coeruleum, Fries. On old posts. Of a beautiful clear 
blue colour, and with a silky sheen when well developed. One of 
the few British fungi — are phosphorescent, emitting a pale 
bluish light in the dark. 


*C. flaveolum, Mass. On trunk of a Sada in the temperate 
house. Probably an introduced speci 


C. sanguineum, Fries. On fallen branches. Q. 

C. polygonium, Fries. On decaying bark. Q. 

C. molle, Fries. On pine bark. A. 

C. roseolum, Mass. On old worked wood. A. 

C. lacunosum, Berk. & Broome. On dead wood. A, 
C. Sambuci, Fries. On bark of Sambucus nigra. Q: 
C. arachnoideum, Berk. On dead wood branches, &c. A., Q. 
C. confluens, Fries. On bark of Fagus sylvatica. A. 
C. lacteum, Fries. On wood. A. 

C. Lycii, Cke. On Lycium. P. 

C. populinum, Fries. On poplar bark. A. 

C. violaceo-lividum, Fries. On dead wood. Q. 

C. radiosum, Fries. On rotten wood. Q. 


C. lactescens, Berk. On oak trunk. A peculiar species forming 
broadly effused whitish patches. A sas o of white latex escapes 
when the flesh of the fungus is cut or bruis Q 


C. scutellare, Berk. & Curt. On wood. Q. 

C. porosum, Berk. & Curt. On wood. Q. 
Hymenochaete, Lév. 

H. rubiginosa, Lév. On decorticated wood. A. 

H. leonina, Berk. & Curt. On dead wood. A. 

H. corrugata, Lév. On dead wood. A. - 

H. tabacina, Lév. On fallen trunk. Surface very minutely 
velvety, varying in colour from rusty-bay to deep purple-brown or 
mulberry colour, Q. 

Peniophora, Che. 

P. quercina, Cke. On oak branches. A. 

P. gigantea, Mass. On pine bark. A. 

P. pezizoides, Mass. On dead branches of Aesculus Hippocas- 
tanum. A. j ; ; ; 

P. pubera, Massee. On dead bark. Q. 


136 


Peniophora rosea, Mass. On wood. A. 

P. incarnata, Mass. On wood and bark. A., P. 
P. ochracea, Mass. Inside dead bark. Q. 

P. cinerea, Che. On bark and wood. Common. 
P. velutina, Oke. On wood. A. Q. 

P. phyllophila, Mass. On dead leaves. A. 


. terrestris, Mass. Running over branches, leaves, and the 
naked ground. A. 


Soppittiella, Mass. 
S. cristata, Mass. On the ground, incrusting leaves, moss, &c. Q. 


S. sebacea, Mass. Running over various substances lying on the 
und. A. 


Thelephora, Ehrh. 
T. caryophyllea, Pers. On the ground. A. 
T. biennis, Fries. On the ground. A. 
T. terrestris, Zhrh. On the ground under pines. A. 
T. laciniata, Pers. On the ground under pines. A. 
Coniophora, DC. 
C. olivacea, Mass. On dead pine trunk. Q. 
C. arida, Karsten. On dead pine wood. Q. 
C. sulphurea, Mass. Running over heaps of dead leaves. A. 
C. ochracea, Mass. On the inside of elm bark. Q. 
C. pulverulenta, Mass. On dead wood. Q. 
C. membranacea, DC. On damp wall of a potting shed. 
C. incrustans, Mass. Running over heaps of dead leaves. Q. 
C. puteana, Mass. On dead bark. A. 
Aldridgea, Massee. 
A. gelatinosa, On a heap of dead leaves. Forming a 


broadly eitused, paed a purple-brown layer, which 
shrinks very much during drying. A. 


CLAVARIEAE. 
Clavaria, Vaillant. 
C. muscoides, Z. Among grass. A. 
C. fastigiata, L. Among grass. A. 


187 

Clavaria kewensis, Mass. On stump. Smell pleasant, resembling 
that of aniseed. B 

C. coralloides, Z. On the ground under trees. Q. 

C. cinerea, Bull. On the ground. A. 

C. cristata, Holmsk. Under trees. Edible. Q. 

C. rugosa, Bull. Under trees. P., Q. 

C. fusiformis, Sow. Under trees. Q. 

C. inaequalis, #7. Dan. Among grass. A. 

C. argillacea, Fries. Among grass. A. 


C. vermicularis, oe Among grass. Edible, taste resembling 
that of cheese-straws. A. 


C. flaccida, Fries. On the ground among moss, &c. Superficially 
much resembling C. abietina, Schum., differing however in the 
smaller — and in not changing to a dull green colour when 
bruised. 

C. fragilis, Holmsk. Among grass. A.Q. 

C. uncialis, Grev. On dead stems of various Umbellifers. Q. 
Typhula, Pers. 

T. erythropus, Fries.. On dead herbaceous stems. Q. 

T. pusilla, Schröt. On dead poplar leaves. A. 

T. gracilis, Berk. On dead leaves. Q. 

T. phacorrhiza, Fries. On dead herbaceous stems. B. 
Pistillaria, Fries. 

P. micans, Fries. On dead thistle stems. Q. 

P. culmigena, Fries. On dead grass. Q. 

P. furcata, W. G. Sm. On soil in the temperate house. 

P. quisquilaris, Fries. On dead herbaceous stems. Q. 

DACRYOMYCETEAE. 
Dacryomyces, Nees. 

D. deliquescens, Duby. On pine rails, &c. Common, 

D. stillatus, Nees. On dead, damp wood. Common. 

D. chrysocomus, Fries. On soft decayed pine wood.. A. 

D. succineus, Fries. On fallen pine leaves. A, 

D. torta, Massee. On fallen decorticated oak branches. A. 


138 
Dacryopsis, Massee. 


D. nuda, Massee. On pine stump. A. 
Ditiola, Fries. 

D. radicata, Fries. On rotten wood A. 
Calocera, Fries. 

C. viscosa, Fries. On oak wood. A., Q. 

C. stricta, Fries. On wood. ‘Q. 

C. striata, Fries. On trunks. A. 


TREMELLINEAE. 

Tremella, Dill. 

T. lutescens, Pers. On a stump. A. 

T. mesenterica, Retz. On dead branches. Common. 

T. frondosa, Fries. On fallen trunk. Q. 

T. Tubercularia, Berk. On fallen oak branches. A. 

T. intumescens, Eng. Bot. On dead beech trunk. Q. 

T. epigaea, Berk. & Broome. On naked ground in damp 
places. Q. 
Naematelia, Fries. 

N. encephala, Fries. On a pine rail. Q. 

N. nucleata, Fries. On rotten branches. 
Exidia, Fries. 

E. glandulosa, Fries. On dead oak branches. A pec 


culiar 
emen black, gelatinous fungus, popularly known as “ witches’ 
butter.” A, 


E. albida, Brefeld. On dead branches. Q. 
Ulocolla, Bref. 

U. saecharina, Bref. On dead pine wood. A. 

U. foliacea, Bref. On stumps. Q. 


AURICULARIEAE. 
Auricularia, Bull. 
A. mesenterica, Fries. On dead trunks. Common. 
A. lobata. Sommerf. On trunk. A. 
Hirneola, Fries. - 
H. Vis cte crc: On dead branches of Sambucus 
nigra. Q. 


139 
GASTROMYCETES. 
PHALLOIDEAE. 
Aseróe, La Bill. 

*A. rubra, La Bill. On soil in a stove. A "r — 
fungus, resembling a stalked sea-anemone. The 8 pure 
white and the spreading rays bright crimson. As is sone in the 
m rs O 


mmersed in mucus, which has a sweet taste and a very disagree- 

bio smell. Numerous flies are attracted by the smell, and readily 
eat the mucus, and by this means the spores are dispersed. A 
introduced species; a native of Queensland. (Kew Bull. 1897, 
PI. 2, f. 1.) 
Phallus, Micheli. 

P. impudieus, L. On the ground. Readily detected by the 
smell, which is very offensive and observable at a distance. A.,Q. 
Mutinus, Fries. 


M. caninus, Fries. On the ground. Smell only slight. A., Q. 


LYCOPERDEAE. 
Lycoperdon, T'ournefort. 
L. echinatum, Pers. On the ground. A. 
L. atropurpureum, Vitt. Under trees. Q. 
L. saccatum, Vahl. Among grass under trees. Common. 
L. excipuliforme, Scop. On the ground. Q. 
L. perlatum, Pers. On the ground under brambles and ferns. Q. 
L. gemmatum, Batsch. Among grass under trees. Common. 
L. pyriforme, Scheff. On rotten wood. Common. 
L. coelatum, Bull. Among me As P. 
Pe Bovista, L. Among grass. e largest British puff-ball, 
metimes reaching a diner of E inches. Edible, having a 
s delicate flavour. 
Bovista, Dill. 
B. plumbea, Berk. Among grass. Common. 
B. nigrescens, Viti, Among grass. Common. 
B. pusilla, Mass. Among grass. A. 
B. ovalispora, Che. & Mass. Among grass. A. 


.140 


Geaster, Micheli. 
G. hygrometricus, Pers. On the ground. A. 
G. fornicatus, Fries. On the ground. Q. 


SCLERODERMEAE. 
Scleroderma, Pers. 

S. vulgare, Fries. On the ground under trees. Common. 

S. verrucosum, Pers. On the ground. Common. 

S. Bovista, Fries. On the ground. A. Q. 

S. Geaster, Fries. On the ground. The species of Scleroderma 
are often mistaken for truffles, but are Srs distinct, and are not 
edible. The Tuberacee or truffle famil ily are absent from the 
grounds. A. Q. 

Quéletia, Fries. 
*Q. mirabilis, Fries. On the ground under trees. For an 


account of th me of this interesting fungus, see 
Grevillea, xxii, (1893), 42. A. 


NIDULARIEAE. 
Cyathus, Haller. 
C. striatus, Hoffm. On twigs and wood on the ground. 
ommon. This species, algne with the next,are popularly awi 
as the ** birds'-nest fungu 
C. vernieosus, DC. On the ground. Common. 
Crucibulum, Tul. 
C. vulgare, Tul. On wood and twigs. A. 
Nidularia, Zul. 
N. pisiformis. Zul. On wood. A. 
Sphaerobolus, Tode. 
S. stellatus, Tode. On damp d ina — house. A minute 
but very beautiful fungus, at first ball-shaped, then splitting 
bove into several teeth, and "iius to some distance a little 
yellow ball containing the spore 
Thelebolus, 7'ode. 


T. terrestris, Alb. & Schw. On heaps of dead leaves. A. 


141 


ASCOMYCETES. 
GYMNOASCEAE. 
Endomyces, Van Tiegh. 
E. coprophilus. Mass & Salm. On horse-dung. 
Arachinotus, Schroet. 
A. ruber, Schroet. On dog’s dung. 
A. candidus, Schroet. On an old deserted bee’s nest. 
Gymnoascus, Baran. 
G. Reessii, Baran. On dung of rabbit. 
G. setosus, Kidam. On an old bee's nest. 
. Myxotrichum, Kunze. 
M. uncinatum, Kunze. On rabbit-dung, 


M. chartarum, Kunze. On rats dung. A very beautiful object 
under a low power of the microscope. The minute spherical 
i interw: 


rane ich ra u 
E spines, sacks one curled at the tip like a shepherd’s crook. 


PYRENOMYCETES. 
ERYSIPHEAE. 

All the nt belonging to this family are parasites, and i 
some instances very destructive to cultivated crops. They pue 
under the form ‘of ` delicate white film on living leaves 
Podosphaera, Kunze. 


P. Oxyacanthae, De Bary. On living leaves of Crataegus. 
Common 


Var. tridactyla, arsa On living leaves of various species 
of Prunus. Comm : 
Sphaerotheca, Lév. 

S. pann Lév. On leaves, young shvots, flowers, and fruit of 
eii rati roses. A dangerous enemy to roses, causing the foliage 
to drop prematurely. 

S. humuli, Burr. On meadow-sweet, wild hop, agrimony, 
willow-herb, Poterium sitchense 


Var. fuliginea, Salm. On dandelion, 


142 


Phyllactinia, Lév. 

P. corylea, Karst. On Betula alba and Cornus sanguinea. 
Uncinula, Lév. 

U. clandestina, Schroet. The claim of this species to be con- 
sidered as British rests on the authority of Cooke, who records 
it (Kew Bulletin, 1897, p. 138) ^ growing 2 m —Ulmus cam- 
pestris—in the Royal Gai dens, Kew; Ic however, find 
specimens from this locality in n this hart 8 peces at Kew 
(Salm. Mon., p. 98). 

U. adunea, Lév. On leaves of Populus nigra. 

U. spiralis, Berk. & Cooke. On living vine leaves. 

U. Prunastri, Sacc. On leaves of Prunus spinosa. 

U. Aceris, Sacc. On living leaves of Acer Pseudoplatanus. 

U. Prunastri, Saccardo. On leaves of Prunus spinosa. 
Mierosphaera, Lév. 

M. Dubyi, Lév. On living leaves of Lonicera Caprifolium. 

M. Berberidis, Lév. On living leaves of Berberis vulgaris. 


M. penicillata, Lév. On living leaves of Lonicera sempervirens 
and Betula alba. 
Erysiphe, Hedwig. 

E. cichoracearum, DC. On Aster grandiflorus, Centaurea 
nigrescens, Cousinia uncinata. Also very abundant in conidial 
condition on living leaves of various cucurbitaceous plants. en 
abundantly developed the leaves present the appearance of having 

received a coat of whitewash. 


E. polygoni, DC. On leaves of Ranunculus, Delphinium, and 
Polygonum aviculare. 


E. graminis, DC. On living leaves of Hordewm vulgare. 


PERISPORIEAE. 
were Mass. & Salm. 


143 


Eurotium, Link. 
E. Herbariorum, Link. On decaying plants. Common. 
E. lateritium, Mont. On bep decaying plants. ` 


E. insigne, Winter. On dung of horse and dog. A very beau- 
tiful fungus having excoptionaly large, globose, coloured, and 
densely spinulose spores. The mould formerly known as Glio- 


cladium penicillioides, cS has been proved to be the conidial 
condition of this fungus. Ascospores of the Eurotium were sown 
on ar peur films of cork floating on a decoction of dung. These 
germinated freely and at the end of five days produced typical 
Soop bores of the Gliocladium. After 11 days the same 
mycelium bore perithecia of the Hurotiwm. 


E. mierosporum, Mass. & Salm. On dung of guinea-pig. An 
exceedingly minute al 2 gee The globose perithecia are of a 
delicate sage green colour 
Anixiopsis, Hansen. 

A. stercoracia, Hansen. On owl-castings. Cultivated on rabbit- 
dung, beer-wort, cooked rice, &c. 

Magnusia, Sacc. 

M. nitida, Sace. On rabbit-dung. 

M. Bartlettii, Mass. & Salm. On dung of guinea-pig. 
Arachnomyces, Mass. & Salm. 


A. nitidus, Mass. & Salm. On leaves and stems of decaying 
plants. The perithecia are perfectly globose, black, and shining, 
and are furnished with long slender blackish Aper deos that are 
wavy and more or less spirally coiled at the ti 


A. iiw ws Mass. & Salm. On dead grass forming the nest 
of some wild bee. Differs from the previous species in the yetaw 

colour of the perithecium. 
Perisporium, Fries. 

P. vulgare, Corda. On rotting sacking. 
Anixia, Fries. 

A. spadicea, Fckl. .On horse-dung.. 

A. perichaenoides, Sacc. On decaying plant stem. 


: CAPNODIEAE. 
Capnodium, Mont. 
C. Salicin Mont. On living branches and leaves of Salix 
viminalis and S. Caprea. 
C. Tiliae, Saccardo. On inde leaves of Tilia cordata. 
Antennaria, Link. 
A. laevigata, Corda. On bark of Betula alba. 


144 


HYPOCREAE. 
Claviceps, Zul. 
C. purpurea, Tul. Parasitic in the ovary of Lolium perenne and 
other grasses. The black, hornlike stroma of the fungus is known 
by the name of Ergot, and is used medicinally. 
Cordyceps, Fries. 
C. militaris, Link. On the larva of some insect. A. 


P ophioglossoides, Link. Parasitic on the subterranean fungus 
Elaphomyces granulatus. Q. 


Epichloe, Fries. 


typhina, Pers. Parasitic on the living stems of Holcus 
‘anatus and H. mollis. 


Hypocrea, Fries. 

H. rufa, Pers. On dead wood. 

H. alutacea, Fries. On dead leaf heap. 
Sphaeroderma, Feckt. 

S. fimbriatum, Rost. On dung of guinea-pig. 

S. Hulseboschii, Oudem. On rabbit-dung. 
Polystigma, Pers. 

P. rubrum, Pers, On living leaves of various species of Prunus, 
TAN Fries, 

nabarina, Tode. On dead branches. A true and very 

destrublive parasite, attacking trees and shrubs, the branches of 

which become thickly st a with coral-coloured tubercles one 
to two lines in diam: 

N. inaurata, Berk. & Broome. On dead wood. A. 

N. Ralfsii, Berk. & Broome. On dead bark. 


N. aurea, Berk. & Broome. On the hymenium of an old dead 
specimen of Polystictus versicolor, Fr. 


N. Aquifolii, Fries. On dead holly bark. A., B, 

N. Lamyi, Desm. On dead wood. 

N. ornata, Mass. & Salm. On horse-dung. 

N. mammoidea, Plow. On dead hawthorn. 

N. Ribis, Tode. On re branches of Rihes aureum. Parasitic 


. on various species of Ri 


145 


Calonectria, Sacc. 
C. Bloxami, Sacc. On dead wood. 
Hypomyces, Fries. 


H. chrysospermus, Tul. On various species of Boletus and 
Agaricus. 


H. rosellus, Alb. & Schw. On Corticium, Stereum, and Poria. 
H. lateritius, Fries. On Poria vaporaria, 
Lasionectria, Saccardo. 
L. rousselliana, Mont. On dead wood. 
Gibberella, Saccardo. ' 
G. cyanogena, Desm. On bark of Sambucus nigra. 
Acrospermum, Tode, 
A. compresssum, Tode. On dead herbaceous stems. 
XYLARIEAE. 
Xylaria, Hill. 
X. polymorpha, Grev. On decaying logs. 
X. digitata, Fries. On dead wood. 
X. vaporaria, Berk. In soil in frames. 
X. carpophila, Fries. On fallen beech mast. 
X. Hypoxylon, Fries. On dead wood. 
Nummularia, Tul. 
N. Bulliardi, Tul. On dead wood. 
N. lutea, Nits. On dead boxwood. 
Hypoxylon, Fries. 
H. coccineum, Bull. On dead hazel. 
H. fuscum, Pers. On dead wood. 
H. udum, Fries. On rotten branches. | 
DOTHIDEAE. 
Phyllachora, Fuckel. 
P. Ulmi, Duv. On living leaves of Ulmus. 
P. Trifolii, Pers. On living leaves of Trifolium medium. 
P. Graminis, Pers. On living leaves of various grasses. 
Rhopographus, Nitzke. 
R. filicinus Fries, On living fronds of Pteris aquilina. 
13757 


146 


cops hares Fries. 
rinum, Pers. On living leaves of Acer campestre and A. 
Pastas The large black blotches so common ca- 


more leaves are caused by this fungus, w which does considerable 
injury, causing the leaves to fall early in ai Longo consequently 
the wood is not properly matured, and the of accumulated 
food insufficient for the following year's cce, The fungus 
remains on the fallen leaves during the winter, and matures its 
fruit in the spring when the young sycamore leave s are inoculated. 
The disease can be arrested if the diseased leaves are collected 
and burned soon after they fall. 


R. punctatum, Fries. On living leaves of Acer Pseudoplatanus. 
R. salicinum, Fries. On living leaves of Saliz Caprea and S. 
viminalis. 
STIGMATEAE. 
Stigmatea, Fries. 
S. robertiana, Fries. On living leaves of Geranium robertianum. 
S. Hgopodii, Fries. On living leaves of Aegopodium. 


DIATRYPEAE. 
Diatrype, Fries. 
D. Brassicae, Cke. On dead cabbage stalks. 
D. verruciformis, Ehr. On dead branches of Fagus sylvatica. 
D. quercina, Fries. On dead branches of Quercus. 
D. Stigma, Hoffm. On dead wood. 


VALSEAE. 
Valsa, Fries. 
V. leucostoma, Pers. On branches of Prunus. 
V. stellulata, Fries. On branches of Ulmus campestris. 
V. Ailanthi, Saccardo. On bark of Ailanthus glandulosa. 
V. ceratophora, Tu/. On branches of Ulmus montana. 
V. dissepta, Fries. On branches of Ulmus campestris. 
V. Betulae, Tul. On bark of Betula alba. 
V. Hippocastani, Cke. On branches of Aesculus Hippocastanum. 
V. taleola, Fries. On bark of Quercus. 
V. oncostoma, Duby. On twigs of Robinia Pseudacacia 
V. robergeana, Desm, On dead fallen branches, 


147 


Valsa syngenesia, F'ries. On branches of Sambucus nigra. 

V. platanoides, Pers. On branches of Acer Pseudoplatanus. 

V. nivea, Fries. On dead branches of Crataegus. 

V. prunastri, Fries. On branches of Cotoneaster bacillaris. 
Melanconis, Tul. 

M. stilbostoma, Fries. On bark of Betula alba. 
Pseudovalsa, De Not. 

P. umbonata, Tul. On dead wood. 

P. hapalocystis, Berk. & Broome. On dead twigs of Platanus 
acerifolia. 


Fenestella, Tul. 
F. Salicis, Rehm. On branches of Salix. 


EUTYPAE. 
Eutypa, Tul. 
E. Acharii, Zui. On dead wood. 
E. aspera, Nifschke. On wood. 
E. spinosa, Pers. On blackthorn. 
E. lata, Pers. On trunks. 
E. flavo-virens, Tul. On hard wood. 
Diaporthe, Nitschke. 
D. pulla, Nitschke. On wood. 
D. inearcerata, Berk. & Broome. On branches of Rosa canina. 
D. resecans, Niíschke. On branches of Syringa vulgaris. 
D. rostellata, Fries. On stems of Rubus fruticosus. 
` D. Phillyreae, Oke. On branches of Phillyrea. 
D. circumscripta, Otth. On dry branches. 
*D. Ryckholtii, West. On trunk and branches of Symphori. 
carpus racemo. 


D. Epilobii, Cke. On stem of Epilobium montanum. 
D. Lirella, M. & N. On stem of Spiraea Ulmaria. 
Nitschkia, Otth. 


cupularis, Pers. On dry branches of Tilia vulgaris and 
Robinia Pseudacacia, 


1375T K 2 


148 
CUCURBITA RIEA E. 
Cucurbitaria, Gray. 
C. Berberidis, Pers. On branches of Berberis vulgaris. 
C. Aspegrenii, Ces. On rotten wood. 


C. ong Pers. On branches of Laburnum vulgare and L. 
alpinur 


Diatrypella, Sacc. 
D. Rhois, E//is. On branches of Rhus glabra. 


BYSSOSPHAERIEAE. 

Byssosphaeria, Che. ; 

B. innumera, Berk. & Broome. On dead wood. 

B. Aquila, Frizs. On dead wood. 
Lasiosphaeria, Saccardo. 

L. sulphurella, Saccardo. On fallen branches. 

L. ovina, Pers. On dead wood. 
Venturia, Not. 

V. Alchemillae, Grev. Parasitic on living leaves of Alchemilla 
vulgaris. 


Chaetomium, Kunze. 

C. elatum, Kunze. On damp straw. 

C. pannosum, K/2z. On old sacking. 

C. arachnoides, Mass. & Salm. On damp paper. 

C. simile, Mass. & Salm. On dogs’ dung. 

C. bostrychoides, Zopf. On mouse dung. 
Rosellinia, Fries, 

R. pulveracea, Fckl. On dead twigs. Q. 
Chaetosphaeria, Fries. 

C. innumera, Tul. On dead wood. Q. 
Psilosphaeria, Saccardo. 

P. pulviscula, Currey. On dead wood. 

P. spermoides, Fries. On dead wood. 

P. pustula, Currey. On dead wood, 


149 


Trichosphaeria, Sacc. 
T. pilosa, Fckl. On dead branches. 
Melanomma, Saccardo. 


M. Pulvis-pyrius, Saccardo. On rotten wood, stumps, &c. The 

peine are very minute, and densely crowded, often covering 

ace of many square — and resembling grains of gun- 
mese hence the specific name 


SORDARIEAE. 

Sordaria, Sacc. 

8. fimicola, Roberge. On horse dung. 
anserina, Winter. On goose dung. 
minima, Sacc. On rabbit dung. 
hirta, Winter. On horse dung. 
. Setosa, Winter. On rabbit dung. : 
eurvieolla, Winter. On dung of rabbit and mouse. 
neglecta, Hansen. On horse dung. 
Winteri, Karst. On horse dung. 
platyspora, Plowr. On horse dung. 
minuta, Fcki. On rabbit dung. 


decipiens, Winter. On rabbit dung. This species is inter- 
esting on account of the variation in number of spores occurring 
in an ascus. Asci from the same specimen have occurred con- 
taining four and eight spores each, respectively. 


m m (à CO tà tà (n (à fo 


ae 


CRYPTOSPHAERIEAE. 
Cryptosphaeria, Grev. 
C. millepunctata, Grev. On dead branches. 


Physalospora, Saccardo. 
P. rosicola, Fckl. On branches of cultivated roses. 
Endophlaea, Fries. 


E. salicella, Fries. On branches of Salix vitellina, S. alba, and 
S. Caprea 

E. sphingiophora, Oudem. On branches of Cornus alba. 
Leptosphaeria, Saccardo. 

L. vagabunda, Saccardo. On branches of Hypericum n 
and Kerria japonica. 


Metasphaeria, Saccardo. 

M. complanata, Tode. On dead herbaceous stems. 
Raphidospora, Saccardo. 

R. rubella, Pers. On various kinds of dead herbaceous stems. 
The presence of the minute parasite is indicated by a red stain on 
the mat 

R. acuminata, Sow. On dead herbaceous stems. 

Heptameria, Saccardo. 

H. arundinacea, Sow. On culms of Arwndo Donaz. 

H. Doliolum, Pers. On dead herbaceous stems. 

H. acuta, Mont. On dead herbaceous stems of various plants. 

H. Typharum, Desm. On leaves of Typha angustifolia. 

H. Rusci, Wallr. On branches and phyllodes of Ruscus. 
Pleospora, Saccardo. 

P. Bardanae, Ns/. On dead stems of Arctium. 

P. Meliloti, Rad. On dead stems of Melilotus officinalis. 

P. denotata, Cie. & Ellis. On dead herbaceous stems. 

P. Asparagi, Succ. On dead stems of Asparagus officinalis. 


P. Herbarum, Pers. On decaying stems of most herbaceous 
Dicotyledons. 


Laestadia, Saccardo. 

L. veneta, Sacc. & Speg. On fallen leaves of Platanus acerifolia. 

L. Rhodorae, Cke. On dead herbaceous stems. 

L. Iridis, Cke. On dead leaves of Iris Pseudacorus. 

L. echinophila, Sacc. On involucres of sweet chestnut. 
Sphaerella, Pers. 

8. hedericola, Desm. On dead ivy leaves. 

S. maculaeformis, Pers. On fallen leaves of Castanea sativa. 


S. Brassicicola, Ces. On dead leaves and fruit of Brassica 
oleracea. 


8. isariophora, Desm. On leaves of Stellaria nemorum and S. 


151 


DISCOMYCETES. 


HELVELLEAE. 
Morchella, Dill. 


M. crassipes, Pers. Among grass under trees. A very fine 
species, sometimes reaching a height of 10 to 14 inches. Edible. 
First detected at Kew by Lady Thiselton-Dyer. A., P. 

M. esculenta, Pers. Among grassin spring. Edible. A. 

M. conica, Pers. Among grass in spring. Edible. A. 


M. smithiana, Che. Among grass. A very large showy fungus 
appearing in the spring. Edi ble. A. 


Mitrophora, Lév. 
M. Gigas, Lév. Among grass in the spring. A., Q. 


M. semilibera, Lév. On naked soil under a hedge. In the 
spring. A. 


Helvella, Fries. 


H. crispa, Fries. Among grass under trees in spring. Edible. 
A Q. 


H. lacunosa, 4fz. Among grass appearing in spring. A. 

H. elastica, Bull. Among grass in spring. A. Q. 
Mitrula, Fries. 

M. phalloides, Chev. On masses of floating dead leaves in the 
lake. 


M. cucullata, Fries. On decaying pine leaves. A. 

M. olivacea, Saccardo. Among short grass. A. 
Leotia, Hill. 

L.lubrica, Pers. Under trees. Q. 

L.acieularis, Pers. On decaying stumps. A. 
Vibrissea, Fries. 

V. Guernisaci, Crouan. On decayed willow twigs floating in 
the lake. 
Geoglossum, Pers. 

G. glutinosum, Pers. Among grass. A. 

G. glabrum, Pers. Among grass. A. 

G. hirsutum, Pers. Among grass. Aa P. 


152 


PEZIZEAE. 
Acetabula, Fckl. 


A. vulgaris, Fckl. On the ground. A very beautiful ay of 
a brownish colour, resembling a carved font in miniature. A. 


Otidea, Pers. 

O. onotica, Fck?. On the ground under trees. A. 

O. leueulenta, Massee. On soil of plant-pot. 

rantia, Mass. On the ground. A large, showy fungus, 

acai and usually much waved and crisped, of a clear, deep 
orange colour, ie Ww. ere 

0. luteo-nitens, Massee. On the ground. 
Peziza, Dill. 


P. saniosa, Schrad. On the ground. A quantity of violet liquid 
escapes when the plant is wounded. A. 


P. vesiculosa, Bull. On manure heaps, rich soil, &c. Common. 

P. ampliata, Pers. On dead bark. Q. ; 

P. ochracea, Boud. On the ground under beeches. A. 

P. badia, Pers. Onthe ground. A. 

P. bufonia, Pers. On a rubbish heap. Q. 

Geopyxis, Pers. 

G. carbonaria, Saccardo. On burnt ground. A. 

G. coccinea, Mass. On fallen branches. This fungus appears to 
be somewhat rare in the south of England; in the north it is 
a very common species, and is collected and sold along with moss 
for decorative purposes. It appears during the winter and early 
spring. Q. 

G. cupularis, Saccardo. Damp ground. Q. 

Humaria, Fries. 

H. Chateri, W. G. Smith. On naked ground by the sides " 
paths, &c. On one occasion this species was so abundan 
path in the arboretum that it showed as a red streak at a dón- 
siderable distance away. 

H. rutilans, Saccardo. On the ground. AF, 

H. pilifera, Saccardo. On soil ina plant-pot. 

H. carbonigena, Saccardo. On burnt ground. A. 

H. hepatica, Sacc. On the ground among grass. 


153 


Humaria omphalodes, Mass. On burnt ground. A. 
H. melaloma, Mass. On burnt ground. P. 
H. Nicholsonii, Massee. On heaps of dead leaves. A very fine 
large, bright yellow species, named after its discoverer, G. Nichol- 
EGS. 


H. violacea, Sacc. On soil. A very fine cluster of this fungus 
was growing on cinders that kad only been taken out of the 
furnace in the "winter garden two days before. 


H. macrocystis, Saccardo. On burnt ground. P. 

H. granulata, Saccardo. On dung. Common. 
Barlaea, Saccardo. 

B. Constellatio, Saccardo. On the ground. A. 

B. Crouani, Mass. On the ground among moss. A. 
Curreyella, Mass. 

C. trachycarpa, Mass. On burnt ground. A. 
Sepultaria, Ce. 

S. sumneriana, Mass. On the ground under pines. A. 
Neottiella, Ce. 

N. Polytrichi, Muss. On the ground among moss. A. 

N. corallina, Mass. On the ground among moss. A., Q. 
Dasyscypha, Fries. 


D. virginea, Fcki. On rotten twigs and herbaceous stems in 
damp places. Common. 


D. nivea, Mass. On damp fallen twigs. A., P. 
D. bicolor, Fckl. On dead oak twigs. A. 
D. subtilissima, Cooke. On larch twigs. Q. 


D. ill timin, Saccardo. On dead fronds of Nephrodium 
Filiz AnD 


D. hyalina, Mass. Inside fallen bark, on chips, &c. Common. 

D.leucophaea, Mass. On stems of dead herbaceous plants. B. 

D. melaxantha, Mass. On fallen branches of beech. Q. 

D. calycina, Fckl. On living larch twigs. A very destructive 
pnra to the larch when grown in damp localities in lowland 

D. corticalis, Mass. On dead bark, Q. 

D. fuscescens, Rehm. On dead straw. A. 


154 


Dasyscypha acuum, Sacc. On scales of pine cones. 

D. puberula, Massee. On dry oak leaves. 

D. vitriola, Massee. On dry raspberry stems. 

D. clandestina, Fekl. On dead wood. A. 

D. dematiicola, Mass. On dead rose stems. A. 

Lachnea, Fries. 

L. stercorea, Gillet. On dung. Common. 

L. crucipila, Phil. On damp ground. P. 

L. scutellata, Gillet. On stumps, also on naked ground. A., Q. 

L. hemispherica, Gillet. On the ground under trees. A. 

L. erinacea, Saccardo. On rotten wood. A. 

Erinella, Quel. 

E. apala, Berk. On grass culms. 
Tapesia, Pers. 

T. fusca, Fckl. On dead bark. Q. 

T. aurata, Mass. On dead wood. A. 

T. sanguinea, Fckl. On pine wood. A. 

Chlorosplenium, Fries. 

C. aeruginosum, De Not. On branches of ash and oak. The 
wood on which this fungus grows is stained a deep verdigris-green 
colour, and was at one time used for the manufacture of fancy 
articles known as “Tunbridge ware." A., Q. 


C. discoideum, Mass. On an old trunk of Robinia Pseudacacia. 
The wood on which the fungus grows is stained green. A. 


Sclerotinia, Fckl. 

S. tuberosa, Fckl. Parasitic on the rhizome of Anemone 
nemorosa. A estructive parasite when it finds its way into a bed 
of anemon B. 

8. iliius Fckl. On dead leaves of sweet chestnut. 

S. Galanthi, Rehm. See Kew Bull., 1897, p.172. B. 

8. Sclerotiorum, Mass. On cabbage stalks. P. 

Ciboria, Fckl. 
C. pseudo-tuberosa, Saccardo. On fallen, decaying acorns. A. 
C. echinophila, Sacc. Inside fallen husks of horse-chestnut. Q. 


155 


Cyathicula, De Not. 


C. coronata, De Not. On various kinds of dead or decaying 
herbaceous stems. 


Helotium, Fries. 
H. claro-flavum, Berk. On damp, decaying branches. Q. 
H. ee Berk. & Broome. On branches of Laburnum 

vulgare. A. 

H. uals Fries. On beech trunks. A. 

H. citrinum, Fries. On stumps. A., B. 

H. Virgultorum, Karsten. On dead branches. Common. 

H. cyathoideum, Karsten. On dead herbaceous stems. B. 


H — M Fries. On dead and damp herbaceous stems. 
Common. 


H. mre Ellis. On petioles and veins of fallen oak 
leaves. 


H. scutula, Karst. On dead bramble stem. 

H. punctiforme, Phil. On dead oak leaves. 

H. ochraceum, Grev. On dead leaves. 

H. serotinum, Karst. On dead raspberry stems. 

H. trabinellum, Karst. On a rotten plank. 

H. phyllophilum, Fries. On dead beech leaves. 

H. immutabile, Fckl. On dead branches. 

H. lacteum, Massee. On rabbit dung. 

H. conigenum, Fries. On scales of fallen cones. A. 
Belonidium, Mont. & Dur. 

B. pruinosum, Mass. On dead wood and bark ; also on Diatrype 
Stigma. Q. 
Mollisia, Fries. 

M. atrata, e On dead stems of various herbaceous 
plants. Comm 
M. fusca, Mass. On dead wood. A. 
M. cinerea, Karsten. On dead wood. Common. 
M. melaleuca, Saccardo. On chips. A. 
M. pineti, Phil. On rotten cone scales. 
M. stictella, Sacc. On worked wood. 


156 


Mollisia atro-cinerea, Phil. On chips. Q. 
. M. viridi-flavescens, Rehm. On dead twigs. Q. 
Pseudopeziza, Fckl. 
P. petiolaris, Wass. On dead petioles of Acer Pseudoplatanus. P. 


P. Ranunculi, Saccardo. On dying leaves of Ranunculus 
acris. A. 


ASCOBOLEAE. 
Thelebolus, Tode. 


T. stereoreus, Tode. On rabbit dung, very abundant. An account 
of the development and position in a systematic arrangement of 
this peculiar species is given in Ann. Bot. xv. 313, in : la 
entitled “ Researches on Coprophilous Fungi,” by G. 'Massee and 
E. S. Salmon. Notes on numerous species, silber. collected 1 in the 
grounds at Kew, or grown in the prse n dung received 
from various parts of the world, are also given 


Ascobolus, Pers. 
A. asininus, Mass. On asses’ dung. P. 
A. marginatus, Mass. On asses’ dung. P. 
A. furfuraceus, Pers. On horse dung. A., P. 
A. "NIDNAUN Pers. On goose dung. A. 


A. 8, Berk. On goose dung. A rare species in the South 
of Eosland although very common in the North on rabbit dung. 


A. perplexans, Mass. & Salm. On horse dung. 
Saccobolus, Boud. 
S. violascens, Boud. On rabbit dung. Q. 
S. quadrisporus, Mass. & Salm. On goose dung. 
S. Kerverni, Boud. On rabbit dung. 
S. neglectus, Boud. On rabbit dung. 
Ascophanus, Boud. 
A. microsporus, Phil. On rabbit dung. Q. 
A. carneus, Boud. Onan old shoe. A. 
A. equinus, Mass. On horse dung. A. Q. 
A. ochraceus, Boud. On goose dung. 
Ryparobius, Boud. 
R. sexdecimsporus, Saccardo. On horse dung. A. 
R. argenteus, Berk. & Broome. On rabbit dung: Q. 
R. ascophanoides, Sacc. On rabbit dung. 


157 


BULGARIEAE. 
Bulgaria, Fries. 


B. polymorpha, Wetts. On beech trunks. Said to be a true 
parasite. A, 


Ombrophila, Fries. 
O. brunnea, Phil. On dead herbaceous stem. 
O. rudis, Phil. On an old stump. 
Orbilia, Fries. 
O. inflatula, Karsten. On rotten, damp wood. A. 
O. luteo-rubella, Karst. On dead branch. 
Calloria, Fries. | 
C. fusarioides, Fries. On dead nettle stems. Common. 
Coryne, T'ulasne. 
C. urnalis, Saccardo. On decayed stamp.  A., B. 


C. sarcoides, Tul. On rotten wood. Conidial and ascigerous 
stages common. 


DERMATEA E. 
Cenangium, Fries. 
C. furfuraceum, De Not. On alder branches. Q. 
Scleroderris, Fries. 
S. Rubi, Mass. On dead bramble stems. Q. 
Cenangella, Sacc. ` 
C. radulicola, Rehm. On alder roots. 


PATELLARIEAE. 

Patinella, Saccardo. 

P. macrospora, Mass. On rotten wood. A. 
Patellaria, Wahl. 

P. clavispora, Berk. & Broome. On ash branches. A. 

`P. atrata, Fries. On rotten floorcloth. A. 
Heterosphaeria, Grev. 

H. Patella, Grev, On dead herbaeeous stems. Q. 


158 


STICTEAE. 
Stictis, Pers. 


S. radiata, Pers. On hard, decorticated wood. Common. 
Propolis, Fries. 

P. rhodoleuca, Fries. On scales of cones of Pinus sylvestris. A. 

PHACIDIEAE. 

Coccophacidium, Rehm. 

C. Pini, Rehm. On bark of Pinus sylvestris. A. 
Schizothyrium, Desm. 

S. aquilinum, Rehm. On dead fronds of Pteris aquilina. 
Phacidium, Fries. 

P. multivalve, Kze. & Schm. On dead holly leaves. A. 

P. terreste, Phil. On rotten leaves on the ground. A. 
Trochila, Fries. 

T. Craterium, Fries. On dead ivy leaves. D. 
Colpoma, Wallr. | 

C. quercinum, Wallr. On oak branches. A. 
Xylographa, Fries. 

X. parallela, Fries. On old wood. Q. 

HYSTERIACEA E. 

Hysterium, Tode. 

H. pulicare, Pers. On fallen oak bark. A. 
Hysterographium, Corda. 

H. Fraxini De Not. On fallen ash branches. A. 
Glonium, Mühl. 

G. amplum, Duby. On dead bramble stems. Q. 
Hypoderma, DC. 

H. Virgultorum, DC. On dead bramble stems, Q. 

H. conigenum, Cke. On fallen cones of Pinus sylvestris. A. 
Lophodermium, Chev. 

L. hysterioides, Saccardo. On dead hawthorn leaves. A. 

L. pinastri, Chev. On pine leaves. 
Dichaena, Fries, 

D. quercina, Fries, On living oak branches, A, 


159 


PHYCOMYCETES 
PILOBOLEAE, 
Pilobolus, Tode. 
P. crystallinus, Tode. On dung. 
P. Kleinii, Van Tiegh. On dung. 
P. exiguus, Bain. On goose dung. 
P. roridus, Pers. On dung. 
P. Oedipus, Mont. On dung. 


MUCORINI. 
Pilaira, Van Tieghem. 
P. anomala, Schrét. On dung. 
Mucor, Micheli. 
M. Mucedo, Z. On various decaying organic substances. 
M. lateritius, Cke. & Mass. On rotting potatoes. 
M. amethystinus, Berk. On decaying bulbs. 
M. pruinosus, Berk. & Broome. On soil in a plant pot. 
M. hyalinus, Cke. On leaves of Buxus sempervirens, 
M. racemosus, Fries. On pigeons' dung. 
Phycomyces, Kunze. 
%P, nitens, Kunze. On fat, also on decaying seeds of Magnolia. 
Spinellus, Van Tiegh. 
S. fusiger, Van Tiegh. On decaying Agarics, 
Sporodinia, Link. 
S. Aspergillus, Schrot. On decaying fungi. 
ce we Aer: Corda. 


nigricans, Van Tiegh. Once occurred abundantly on dead 
woodlice (Oniscus) collected in a heap under bark. 


Thamnidium, Link. 

T. elegans, Link. On decaying vegetable matter. 
Rhizopus, Er. 

R nigricans, Ehr. On, decaying fruit, 


160 


Rhizopus necans, Mass. Parasitic on bulbs of Lilium auratum, 
received from Japan. ln 1896 and 1897 large consignments of 
bulbs from Japan were completely destroyed by this fungus. For 
an account of its life-history see the Kew Bulletin, 1897, p. 87. 


Piptocephalis, Van Tiegh. 

P. freseniana, De Boug. On dung. 
Circinella, Van Tiegh. 

C. umbellata, Van Tiegh. On cats’ dung. 
Helicostylum, Van Tiegh. 

H. piriforme, Bain. On mouse dung. 


SYNCEPHALIDEAE. 
Syncephalis, Van Tiegh. 
S. fasciculata, Van Tiegh. On wet and decaying vegetable 
matter. 


PERONOSPOREAE. 
Cystopus, Lév. 


C. candidus, Lév. On Capsella Bursa-pastoris, Cheiranthus 
Cheiri , Erysimum perofskianum, and Pringlea antiscorbutica. It 
has been found impossible to keep the last named plant in 
cultivation, owing to the attacks of this parasite,  . 


C. Tragopogonis, Schrét. Parastic on Tragopogon pratensis and 
Ipomoea. 


Phytophthora, De Bary. 


P. infestans, De Bary. Parastic on — pa p of the 
potato (Solanum tuberosum). This fung s the cause of 
the destructive scourge popularly called * polio idipians = heh 
unfortunately it is not the only fungous disease to which the 
potato is ta abject 


 Plasmopara, Schrat. 


P. pygmaea, Schrét. Parasitic on leaves = various Ranun- 
culaceous plants, Anemone, Aconitum, Isopyru 


P. nivea, Schröt. Parastic on leaves of species of Aegopodium 
and Conium. 


Bremia, Regel. 
B. Lactucae, Regel. Parasitic on leaves of Centaurea and 
ieracium. This fungus is often very destructive to garden 
lettuce, appearing on the Mrd) as a very delicate white film, 


161 


Peronospora, Corda. 


P. Myosotidis, De Bary. On living leaves of Myosotis- palustris 
and Symphytum tuberosum 


E Viciae, De Bary. On E leaves of various Leguminous 
plants. 


P. Ficariae, Tul. On living leaves of Ranunculus Ficaria. 


P. arborescens, De Bary. On living leaves of Papaver Argemone, 
PF. Wo iem also on various garden forms of poppy. 


e De Bary. On living leaves of Viola canina. and 
y. sylvestris 


P. trifolioram, De Bary. On rm leaves of T'rifolium minor, 
T. medium, and on Lotus corniculatu 


P. grisea, De Bary. On living leaves of Veronica Chamaedrys. 
P. Lamii, De Bary. On living leaves of Lamium rubrum. 

P. effusa, Rabenh. On Chenopodium album. 

P. sordida, Berk. On living leaves of Verbascum Thapsus. 


P. sparsa, Berk. On living leaves of cultivated roses. 


SAPROLEGNIEAE. 

Leptomitus, Agardh. 

L. lacteus, Agardh. Attached to aquatic plants. 
Saprolegnia, Nees. 

S. ferox, Nees. On dead flies in water. 

8. elongata, Mass. On decaying trunk of tree-fern in water. 
(Mass. Brit. Fungi, 211, figs. 47-49.) 
Pythium, Pringsheim. : 

P. de-baryanum, Hesse. Parasitic and saprophytic on various 
“ plants. A destructive parasite to seedling plants, causing what is 
termed ** damping off." 

P. Cystosiphon, Lindst. In living fronds of Wolffia Michelii. 
Dityuchus, Leiig. 

D. monosporus, Leitg. On decaying hyacinth bulbs. 
Diplanes, Leitg. 

D. saprolegnioides, Leitg. On insects in water. 
Achlya, Nees. 

A. polyandra, Hildebr. On insects in water. gue 

13757 L 


162 


ENTOMOPHTHOREAE. 
Empusa, Cohn. 


E. Muscae, Cohn. On dead house flies. 
Entomophthora, Fresenius. 
E. Aphidis, Hoffm. On aphides. 


; CHYTRIDEAE. 

Synchytrium, De Bary & Woronin. 

S. Mercurialis, Fckl. On living leaves of Mercurialis perennis. 

S. Anemones, Woronin. On living leaves of Anemone nemorosa. 
Rhizidium, A. Braun. 

R. Westii, Mass. Parasitie on Spirogyra nitida. 
Olpidium, ScArót. 

0. Lemnae, Schröt. On the epidermal cells of Lemna minor. 


PROTOMYCETEAE. 
Protomyces, Unger. 
P. Menianthis, De Bary. On living leaves of Potentilla 
Comarum. 


P. purpureo-tingens, Mass. On leaves of seedling sunflowers. 
(Mass. Brit. Fungi, 164, figs. 72, 73.) 


HYPODERMII. 
UREDINEAE. 
Uromyces, Link. 
U. Fabae, Cke. On Vicia Faba. 
U. Orobi, Wint. On Lathyrus macrorrhizus. 
U. Polygoni, Wint. On Polygonum aviculare. 
U. Trifolii, Wint. On Trifolium repens. 
U. Geranii, Wint. On Geranium pratense. 
U. Valerianae, Wint. On Valeriana officinalis. 
*U. Colchiei, Mass. On Colchicum speciosum. A destructive 
parasite that appeared once in the grounds, attacking every plant 
f the species named ; and although C. autumnale grew on one 
side of the bed of diseased plants, and C. byzantinum on the 


other, neither of the last named was-attacked. (Grev. xxi., 6, pl. 
182, figs. 16-18.) 


163 

Uromyces Poae, d JR" on Ranunculus Ficaria ; 
teleutospores on Poa a 

U. Pisi, Wint. i ont and uredospores on Pisu 
sativum ; 'aecidiospores not seen, although species of TPüphorbta 
are not wa ing. 

U. Alliorum, Cie. Teleutospores on Allium. 

U. Ficariae, Wint. On Ranunculus Ficaria. 

U. Scillarum, Wint. On Scilla bifolia. 

U. Erythronii, DC. On Lilium candidum. 
Puccinia, Persoon. 

P. Galii, Wint. On Galium verum. 
FRP. Calthae, Link. On Caltha palustris. 

P. Gentianae, Wint. On Gentiana acaulis. 

P. Silenes, Schrét. On Silene inflata. 

P. Lapsanae, Schulz. On Lapsana communis. 

P. variabilis, Grev. On Taraxacum officinale. 

P. Violae, Wint. On Viola canina. 

P. albescens, Grev. On Adora Moschatellina. 

P. Menthae, Pers. On Origanum vulgare. 

P. Vineae, Berk. On Vinca mar 


search has failed to reveal the presence of the aecidiospore stage. 
This is probably the most destructive fungus known, doing injury 
to the extent of many milli = of pounds sterling every year to 
the wheat crop in Europe alo 


P. coronata, oo e on Holcus mollis. Aecidio- 
spore stage not observed. 


E S svi Teleutospores on Carex remota.  Aecidio- 
spore not s 


P. suaveolens, Wint. On Cnicus arvensis. 
P. bullata, Schrét. On Silaus pratensis. 
P. argentata, Wint. On Impatiens fuiva. 
P. Hydrocotyles, Plow. On Hydrocotyle vulgaris. 
P. Campanulae, Carm. On Campanula Rapunculus. 
P. Aegopodii, Wint. On Aegopodium Podagraria. 
P. Thalictri, Cheval. On Thalictrum flavum. ` 
13757 L2 


(164 
. Puccinia Veronicae, Schrét. On Veronica montana. 
P. Malvacearum, Mont. On Malva moschata and Althaea rosea. 
P. Circeae, Pers. On Circaea lutetiana. | 
P. Buxi, DC. On Buxus- sempervirens. 
Triphragmium, Link. 
T. Ulmariae, Wint. On Spiraea Ulmaria. 
Phragmidium, Link. 
P. Tormentillae, Fckl. On Potentilla Fragariastrum. 
P. violaceum, Schultz. On Rubus fruticosus. 
P. Rubi, Schröt. On Rubus fruticosus. 


P. subcorticatum, Schrét. On Rosa canina, also on cultivated 
roses. ; 


Endophyllum, Lév. 
E. Sempervivi, Lév. On Sempervivum Tectorum. 
Gymnosporangium, Castagne. 
G. Sabinae, Wint. 'releutospores on Juniperus Sabina. 
Melampsora, Casíagne. 
M. Lini, Wint. On Linum catharticum. 
M. farinosa, Schrét. On Salix Caprea. 
M. populina, Lév. On Populus balsamifera. 
M. betulina, Desm. On Betula alba. 
Coleosporium, Lév. 
E Senecionis, Wint. Uredospores on Senecio vulgaris. 
C. Sonchi, Schrét. On Sonchus oleraceus. 
C. Campanulae, Wint. On Campanula Trachelium. 
C. Euphrasiae, Wint. On Euphrasia officinalis." 
Chrysomyxa, Unger. 
C. Pyrolae, Schrót, On Pyrola. 
Cronartium, Fries. 
C. flaccidum, Alb. & Schw. On Paeonia. 


165 
USTILAGINEAE. 

Ustilago, Pers. 

U. longissima, Wint. On Glyceria aquatica. 

U. hypodytes, Fries. On Agropyron repens. 

U. Caricis, Wint. On Carex panicea. 

U. olivacea, Tul. On Carex riparia. 

U. Scabiosae, Wint. In the anthers of Scabiosa arvensis. 
' *U. Vaillantii, Tul. In the anthers of Chinodora Luciliae. 

U. bromivora, Fisch. de Waldh. In ovary of Bromus mollis. Q. 

U. segetum, Dittm. In ovary of Arrhenatherum elatius. A. 
Sphacelotheca, De Bary. 

S. Hydropiperis, De Bary. In the ovary of Polygonum Hydro- 
piper. 


Urocystis, Rab. 

U. Colchici, Tul. On Colchicum autumnale. 

U. Gladioli, W. G. Smith. On Gladiolus. 

U. Anemones, Schröt. On Ranunculus repens. 

U. Violae, Berk. & Broome. On Viola odorata and V. canina. 
Tilletia, Tulasne. 

T. striiformis, Magnus. On living leaves of Holcus mollis. Q. 
Entyloma, De Bary. 

E. Ranunculi, Wint. On Ranunculus Ficaria. 
Tuburcinia, Fries. 

T. Scabies, Berk. On potato tubers. Causing the disease known 
as “ scab.” 


Doassansia, Cornu. 
D. Sagittariae, Schröt. On Sagittaria sagittifolia. 
. Thecaphora, Fing. 
T. hyalina, Fing. On Calystegia sepium. 
Graphiola, Poitier. 
G. Phoenicis, Moug. On leaves of Phoeniz dactylifera. 


166 


SPHZEROPSIDEAE. 
SPHAZERIOIDEAE. 


The majority of species included in the present family occur on 
leaves or vache stems, some as parasites, others as saprophytes. 
All are very min and the great majority require the use of a 
pocket-lens for mue delectat 


Phoma, Fries. 

P. Coluteae, Saccardo. On branches of Colutea arborescens. 

P. Coronillae, West. On Coronilla Emerus and Baccharis halimi- 
olia. 


*P. Sophorae, Saccardo. On Sophora japonica. 

P. Amorphae, Saccardo. On Amorpha fruticosa. 

P. Herminierae, Oke. On Herminiera elaphroxylon. 
P. rudis, Saccardo. On Laburnum. 

*P. Ryckholtii, Saccardo. On Symphoricarpus. 

P. Xylostei, Che. & Mass. On Lonicera. 

P. viventis, Cke. On living twigs of Lonicera. 

P. Beckhausii, Cke. On Viburnum Lantana. 

*P. Weigeliae, Speg. On Diervilla rosea. 
.P. Sambucella, Saccardo. On Sambucus nigra. 

P. Landegheimiae, Saccardo. On Philadelphus. 

*P. Philadelphi, Cke. On Philadelphus. 

P. foveolaris, Fries. On Huonymus. 

P. Celastriniae, Cke. On Euonymus americanus. 
P. berberina, Saccardo. On Berberis vulgaris. 

P, Prunorum, Cke. On Prunus Laurocerasus. 

P. Pruni-lusitanicae, Che. On Prunus lusitanica. 
P. libertiana, Sacc. & Roum. On Lariz europaeus. 
*P. Sorbariae, Cke. On Spiraea japonica and Neillia opulifolia. 
*P. Opulifoliae, Che. On Neillia opulifolia. | 
P. Mali, Schulzer & Sacc. On apple twigs. 

P. ambigua, Saccardo. On pear twigs. 

P. Amelanchieris, Cke. On Amelanchier. 

P. pusilla, Schulzer & Sacc. On Rosa canina. 

P. incarcerata, Saccardo. On Rosa canina. 


167 


Phoma Viniferae, Che. On Vitis vinifera. 

P. diplodioides, Saccardo. On Aesculus Hippocastanum. 
P. scobina, Oke. On Fraxinus excelsior. 

*P. Forsythiae, Che. On Forsythia. 

*P. aromatica, Cke. On Calycanthus occidentalis. 
P. domestica, Saccardo. On Jasminum officinale. 
P. Jasmini, Che. On Jasminum officinale. 

P. depressa, Lév. On Syringa vulgaris. 

P. Laurella, Saccardo. On Laurus nobilis. 

P. Rhododendri, Cke. On Rhododendron. 

P. Corni, Fckl. On Cornus suecica. 

*P. Barbari, Cke. On Lycium chinense. 

P. viridarii, Saccardo, On Magnolia. 

P. stictica, Berk. & Broome. On Buzus sempervirens. 
P. cistina, Cke. On Cistus laurifolius. 

P. robergeana, Saccardo. On Staphylea pinnata. 
*P. Staphyleae, Cke. On Staphylea pinnata. 

P. Ophites, Saccardo. On Hibiscus syriacus. 

*P. Exul, Saccardo. On Maclura aurantiaca. 
*P. Loti, Cke. On Diospyros Lotus. 

*P. Tecomae, Saccardo. On Tecoma radicans. 

P. Radicantis, Cke. On Tecoma radicans. 

P. platanoides, Che. On Acer Pseudoplatanus. 
P. Lebiseyi, Saccardo. On Negundo aceroides. 

P. velata, Saccardo. On Tilia vulgaris, &c. 

P. Paulowniae, Thum. On Paulownia imperialis. 
P. Tamaricella, Saccardo. On Tamariz. 

P. Tamarisci, Mont. On Tamarix anglica. 

P. Eleagnella, Cke. On Elaeagnus. 

P. papalocystis, Saccardo. On Platanus. 

P. moricola, Saccardo. On Morus nigra. 

*P. crassipes, Che. On Broussonetia papyrifera, 
*P. cinerascens, Saccardo. On Ficus Carica. 

P. juglandina, Saccardo. On Juglans regia. 


168 
Phoma Quercella, Sacc. & Roum. On Quercus coccinea. 
P. salicina, West. On Salix viminalis. 
P. ligustrina, Saccardo. On Ligustrum. 
P. oppilata, Fries. On Betula alba. 
*P. Celtidis, Cke. On Celtis occidentalis. 
leucostigma, Lév. On leaves of Hedera and Buxus. 
pustulata, Saccardo. On branches of Acer palmatum. 
collabens, Cke. On living leaves of Prunus lusitanica. 
glandicola, Lév. On fallen acorns. 
strobiligena, Desm. On cone scales of Pinus excelsa. 
Rhodorae, Cke. On Rhododendron leaves. 
dispersus, Cie. On leaves of Platanus. 
Aueubae, West. On leaves of Aucuba japonica. 
Mahoniae, Thum. On leaves of Berberis Aquifolium. 
vulgaris, Saccardo. On leaves of Clematis Vitalba. 
Lingam, Tode. On stem of Brassica oleracea. 
Alcearum, Cke. On leaves of Althaea rosea. 
Malvacearum, West. On Malva moschata. 
Arctii, Lasch. On Arctium Lappa. 
Dipsaci, Cke. On Dipsacus sylvestris. 
Achilleae, Saccardo. On Achillea Millefolium. 
Dahliae, Berk. On Dahlia. 
rubella, (ke. On stems of various Umbelliferous plants. 
. Duleamarae, Saccardo. On Solanum Dulcamara. 
Tatulae, Che. On Datura Stramonium. 
P. Polemonii, Cke. On Polemonium coeruleum. 
P. Labiatarum, Che. On Marrubium. 
P. Spiraea, Desm. On Spiraea Ulmaria. 


P. Herbarum, West. On Digitalis, Malva, Aristolochia Sipho, 
and Menispermum. 


P. Polygonorum, Che. On Polygonum cuspidatum. 


P. Onagracearum, Che. On Epilobium angustifolium and O 
thera biennis. I. — sieut 


P. oleracea, Sardo. On Erysimum Alliaria and Sisymbrium 
austriacum. : eo 


uU "vu wu A a A a a a a ee ww 


4 


169 


Phoma sarmenticia, Saccardo. On Menispermum canadense. 
P. Calystegiae, Cke. On Calystegia sepium. 

P. durandiana, Sacc. & Roum. On Rumez. 

P. Lysimachiae, Che. On Lysimachia vulgaris. 

P. glandicola, Desm. On fallen acorns. 


P. Morphae, Saccardo. On stems and capsules of Papaver somni- 
erum. 


*P. Chamaeropsis, Cke. On palm petioles. 

acori, Cke. On Acorus Calamus. 

Rusci, Saccardo. On stems and phyllodes of Ruscus. 
nebulosa, Fries. On stems of Gentiana thibetica. 
Typharum, Fckl. On Typha angustifolia. 

pulla, Saccardo. On Hedera Helix. 

notha, Berk. On Platanus. 


Tees SS 


"d 


. planiuseula, Saccardo. On Robinia Pseudacacia and Ulmus 
campestris 


P. Solidaginis, Che. On Solidago. 

P. Samarorum, Desm. On fruit of Frarinus excelsior. 
Coniothyrium, Corda. 

C. cassiaecolum, Cke. On stems of Cassia marylandica. 

C. Aucubae, Sacc. On dead branches of Aucuba japonica. 


*C. concentricum, Desin. On living leaves of dag An injurious 
parasite, forming large dead blotches on the leave 


Rhabdospora, Mont. 

R. Muggenbergii, Saccardo. On branches of Vitis vinifera. 
Diplodia, Desm. 

*D. atrata, Desm. On Negundo aceroides. 

D. Genistarum, Cke. On Genista aetnensis. 

D. Amorphae, Wallr. - On Amorpha fruticosa. 

D. cistina, Cke. On Cistus laurifolius. 

D. Roumegueri, Saccardo. On Prunus Laurocerasus. 

D. Lonicerae, Fckl. On Lonicera Caprifolium. 

D. sambucina, Saccardo. On Sambucus nigra. 

D. Lantanae, Fckl. On Viburnum Lantana. 

*D. Paulowniae, Cke. On Paulownia imperialis. — 


170 


Diplodia Ligustri, West. On Ligustrum vulgare. 

D. laurina, Saccardo. On Laurus nobilis. 

D. Elaeagni, Pass. On Elaeagnus angustifolius. 

D. Celtidis, Roum. On Celtis occidentalis. 

D. Mori, West. On Morus alba. 

D. microsporella, Saccardo. On Ligustrum ovalifolium. 
D. inconspicua, Cke. On leaves of Buxus sempervirens. 


D. Magnoliae, West. On twigs and leaves of Magnolia grandi- 
Jliora. 


D. Sarmentorum, prese On Menispermum canadense. 

D. Aesculi, Lév. On horse chestnut branches. 
Diplodina, Saccardo. 

D. Salieis, West. On Salix babylonica. 

D. deformis, Karsten. On Sambucus nigra. 
Hendersonia, Berk. 

H. vagans, Fekl. On Fraxinus. 

H. Lonicerae, Fries. On Lonicera. 

H. Tiliae, Lév. On Tilia parvifolia 
` H. sarmentorum, West. On vine twigs. 

H. ambiens, Cke. On Acer dasycarpum. 
Camarasporium, Schultz. 

C. Berberidis, Cke. On twigs of Berberis vulgaris. 

C. Limoniae, Cke. On Citrus trifoliata. 

C. cistinum, Cke. On Cistus laurifolius. 

C. Quercus, Saccardo. On Quercus coccinea. 

C. Mori, Saccardo. On Morus alba. 
Cytispora, Fries. 

C. microspora, Corda. On Amelanchier. 

C. atra, Bon. On Morus alba. 

C. carbonacea, Fries. On Celtis occidentalis. 

C. Schweinitzii, Saccardo. On Salix fragilis. 

C. Salicis, Rabh. On Saliz vitellina. 

C. intermedia, Saccardo. On Quercus. 

C. Platani, Fckl. . On Platanus. 


171 


Cytispora flavovirens, Saccardo. On Acer. 

C. ambiens, Saccardo. On Fraxinus and Betula. 

C. Euonymi, Cke. On Huonymus americanus. 

*C. annulata, Hilis & Everh. On Negundo branches. 

C. Staphyleae, Che. On Staphylea pinnata and S. trifoliata. 

C. Jasmini, Cke. On Jasminum officinale. 

*C. Palmarum, Che. On petioles of palm leaves. 
Phyllosticta, Pers. 

P. Paviae, Desm. On Aesculus parviflora. 

P. sanguinea, Desm. On Cotoneaster frigida. 

P. Euonymi, Saccardo. On Euonymus europaeus. 

P. tinea, Saccardo. On Viburnum Tinus. 

P. Syringae, West. On Syringa vulgaris. 

P. Phillyreae, Saccardo. On Phillyrea. 

P. Rhododendri, West. On Rhododendron. 

P. Arbuti, Desm. On Arbutus Unedo. 

P. Garryae, Cke. 4 Hark. On Garrya elliptica. 

P. ilicicola, Fries. On holly leaves. 

P. Magnoliae, var. Cookei, Saccardo. On Magnolia grandiflora. 

P. Mahoniae, Sacc. & Speg. On Berberis Aquifolium. 

*P. asiatica, Cke. On Berberis asiatica. 

P. Paulowniae, Saccardo. On Paulownia imperialis. 

P. sidaecola, Cke. On Napaea dioica. 

P. Brassieae, Currey. On Brassica. 

P. Epimedii, Saccardo. On Epimedium alpinum. 

P. Impatientis, Kirch. On Impatiens parviflora. 

P. destructiva, Desm. On Malva sylvestris. 

P. Dulcamarae, Saccardo. On Solanum Dulcamara. 

P. Plantaginis, Saccardo. On Plantago major. 

P. Aizoon, Che. On Sedum Aizoon. 

*P. Podophylli, Curt. On Podophyllum peltatum. 

P. hydrophila, Speg. On Nymphaea alba. 

P. ruscicola, Desm. On Ruscus aculeatus. 


172 


Asteroma, DC. 

A. Solidaginis, Cke. On Solidago elliptica. 

A. delicatulum, Desm. On Colutea arborescens. 
Septoria, Fries. 

S. cornicola, Desm. On Cornus. 

S. Ligustri, Desm. On Ligustrum. 

S. Chelidonii, Desm. On Chelidonium majus. 

S. Lycopi, Pass. On Lycopus europaeus. 

S. Doronici, Pass. On Doronicum Pardalianches. 

S. Centaureae, Rowm. On Centaurea nigra. 

S. Aristolochiae, Saccardo. On Aristolochia Clematitis 
Leptostroma, Fries. 

L. filicinum, Fries. On Pteris aquilina. 
enm Saccardo. 


D. Desmazierii, Berk. & Broome. On living branches of Tilia 
vulgaris and 7. platyphyllos. The most destructive tree parasite 


"wiahbooriood of Kew have been completely killed by this 
para 


Gloeosporium, Mont. 

G. Aquilegiae, Thum. On Aquilegia. 

G. Berberidis, Cke. On Berberis asiatica. 

nervisequum, Saccardo. On living leaves of Platanus orien- 

talis and P. acerifolia. A very destructive parasite, causing the 
leaves to fall prematurely. 
Cryptosporium, Kunze. 

C. Hippocastani, Cke. On Aesculus Hippocastanum. 
Libertella, Desm. 

L. Rosae, Desm. On bark of Betula alba. 

L. taleola, Sacc. On twigs. Q. 

L. pallida, Fckl. On branches of Populus nigra. 
Melanconium, Link. 

M. sphaeroideum, Link. On Alnus incana. 

M. elevatum, Corda. Ontwigs. Q. 

M. bicolor, Nees. On bark of Betula and Quercus. 


173 


Vermieularia, Fries. 
, V. uncinata, Berk. & Curt. On Desmodium twigs. 

V. epixyla, Fries. On dead branches. 
Cheirospora, Fries. 

C. hedericola, Saccardo. On Hedera Helix. 
Coryneum, Nees. 

C. cistinum, Che. . On Cistus laurifolius. 

C. umbonatum, Nees. On Ulmus and Quercus. 

C. notarisianum, Saccardo. On Betula papyrifera. 
Naemospora, Pers. 

N. microspora, Desm. On bark of Portugal laurel. 
Pestalozzia, De Not. 


P. Guepini, Desm. Parasitic on living leaves of cultivated 
Lae of Camellia, causing unsightly greyish-white blotches to 
appear 


Steganosporium, Corda. 
S. cellulosum, Corda. On bark of Tilia cordata. 


HYPHOMYCETES. 
MUCEDINEAE. 
Chromosporium, Corda. 
C. viride, Corda, On dead oak leaves. 
Oospora, Wallr. 
O. fasciculata, Sacc. & Vogl. On Epilobum montanum. 
O. inaequalis, Cke. & Mass. On bamboo culms. 
O. abortifaciens, Sacc. & Vogl. On twigs of Crataegus. 
O. candidula, Sacc. On dead wood. 
Fusidium, Link. 
F. griseum, Link. On dead oak leaves. 


Polyscytalum, Aiess. 
P. fecundissimum, Riess. On dead leaves. 


174 
peas Pers. 


M. fructigena, Pers. A very ‘destructive parasite to apples, 
Which under its ‘influence become spotted and unsaleable. 


M. pruinosa, Che. & Mass. On fading leaves of Caladium. 
Cylindrium, Bon. i 

C. Cordae, Saccardo. On dead oak leaves. 

C. flavo-virens, Bon. On dead leaves of oak and beech. 

C. elongatum, Corda. On dead beech leaves. 
Oidium, Link. 

O. farinosum, Cke. On leaves and young twigs of Pyrus Malus. 


An injurious fungus, causing the leaves to fall prematurely, con- 
sequently the fruit does not ripen properly. 


0. er Che. & Mass. On living leaves of Rivea hypocra- 
teriform 


0. monilioides, Link. On living leaves of Holcus lanatus. 
0. leucoconium, Desm. On living leaves of cultivated roses. 
0. Chrysanthemi, Rab. On living leaves of cultivated varieties 
of Chrysanthemum. 
0. pactolinum, Cie. On living leaves of Jasminum. 
CEPHALOSPORIEAE. 
Botryosporium, Corda. 
B. pulchrum, Corda. Overrunning stored Dahlia tubers. 
Oedocephalum, Preuss. 
0. Preusii, Saccardo. On dead leaves of Heuchera. 
O. sulphureum, Che. 4 Mass. On decaying rope. 
0. glomerulatum, Sacc. Ona heap of manure. 
Rhopalomyces, Corda. 
R. elegans, Corda. On decaying vegetable matter. 
Trichoderma, Pers. 


T. viride, Pers. On decaying wood, moss, &c. This is considered 
to be the conidial condition of Hypocre ea rufa, 


ASPERGILLEAE, 
Aspergillus, Micheli. 
A. glaucus, Link. On all kinds of damp or decaying plants. 
A. candidus, Link. On decaying plarits, fungi, &c. 


175 
Penicillium, Zink. : 
P. glaucum, Link. On decaying plants, 
P. candidum, Link. On decaying plants. 
Hyphoderma, Fries. 
H. roseum, Fries. On rotten wood. 
Rhinotrichum, Corda. 
R. repens, Preuss. On rotten wood. 
R. niveum, Cke. & Mass. On old wood. 
R. Bloxami, Berk. & Broome. On dead wood. 
R. Thwaitesii, Berk. & Broome. On dead bramble stem. 
Sporotrichum, Link. 
S. laxum, Nees. On rotten wood. 
Sterigmatocystis, Van Tiegh. 
S. nigra, Van Tiegh. On decaying melons. 
8. candida, Sacc. On tobacco that had become damp and 
y 


3. sulphureum, Grev. On dead bark. 
S. chlorinum, Link. On fallen oak leaves. 
Monosporium, Bon. ; 
M. coprophilum, Cke. & Mass. On dung. 
Botrytis, Micheli. 
B. corolligena, Cke. & Mass. On fading corolla of Calceolaria. 
B. argillacea, Cke. On wood. 
B. Croci, Cke. & Mass. On dead leaves of Crocus. 
B. fascicularis, Corda. On dead pericarps of Aesculus Hippo- 
castanum. 


B. fulva, Link. On rotten leaves. 
B. tricephala, Sacc. On dead leaves. 
B. cinerea, Pers. On decaying vegetable matter. 


B. vulgaris, Fries. On dead and also on living plants. Me 
species of Botrytis are not very clearly understood ; 
known to be the conidial forms of "pes es of ` Peziza. At all 
events certain kinds of Botrytis are very destructive parasites, 
more especially to bulbous Monocotyledons, lilies, tulips, snow- 
drops, &c., being destroyed in a wholesale manner, and as sclerotia 


176 


are formed, many of which remain in the soil, it is impossible to 
grow these plants in succession, if the disease has once gained a 
footing. : 

Botrytis cana, Kze. & Schm. On decaying plants. 

B. vera, Fries. On dead herbaceous plants. 
Ovularia, Saccardo. 

O. lyehnicola, Mass. On living leaves of Lychnis dioica. 

O. Berberidis, Cke. On living leaves of Berberis asiatica. 

O. Filipendulae, Cke. On living leaves of Spiraea Filipendula. 

O. Syringae, Berk. On living leaves of Syringa vulgaris. 
Sepedonium, Link. 

S. chrysospermum, Fries. On various decaying fungi. Said to 
be the conidial form of Hypomyces chrysospermus, Tul. 


VERTICILLIEA E. 
Verticillium, Nees. 


V. candelabrum, Bon. On rotten wood. 
V. compactiusculum, Saccardo. On decaying plants. 
V. ampelinum, Cke & Mass. On living stem of Vitis. 
V. lateritium, Berk. On decaying herbaceous stems. 
V. candidum, Peck. On fallen pine leaves. 
V. buxi, Ancrsw. On dead box leaves. 
V. rufum, Rabenh. On decaying beet. 
Acrostalagmus, Corda. 
A. cinnabarinus, Corda. On decaying plants. 
Trichothecium, Link. 
T. roseum, Link. On dead bark, decaying fruit, &e. 
T. candidum, Wallr. On dead bark. 
Cephalothecium, Corda. 
C. curtum, Corda. On dead pine leaves. 


Arthrobotrys, Corda. 
A. rosea, Mass. On rotten wood. 
Mycogone, Link. 


M. rosea, Link. On decaying agarics. 
M. cervina, Ditm. On decaying Peziza. 


177 
Ramularia, Fck/. 
R. lactea, Fckl. On living leaves of Viola odorata. 
R. Hellebori, Fckl. On Helleborus foetidus. 
R. variabilis, Fckl. On living leaves of Verbascum Thapsus. 
Helicomyces, Link. 
H. tubulosus, Riess. On rotten wood. 
Dactylium, Nees. 
D. dendroides, Fries. On a decaying Agaric. 
Mucrosporium, Preuss. 
M. sphaerocephalum, Sacc. On dead bark. 
m Sacc. 
SÉ rer Che. & Mass. On decayed leaves of Oncidiwm 
macranthum 


CONIOSPOREAE. 
Coniosporium, Link. 
2 C. Arundinis, Saccardo. On Arundo Donaz. 
vU olivaceum, Link. On wood. 


TORULEAE. 
Torula, Pers. 


T. monilioides, Corda. On rotten wood. 

T. pulveracea, Corda. On rotten wood. 

T. Herbarum, Zink. On dead herbaceous stems. 

T. gyrosa, Che. 4 Mass. On rotten pine wood. 

T. antennata, Pers. On rotien wood. 
 T.ovalispora, Berk. On rotten wood. 

T. Graminis, Corda. On dead grass leaves. 


T. asperula, Saccardo. On damp paper. 


ECHINOBOTRYEAE. 
Echinobotryum, Corda. 
E. atrum, Corda. On rotten wood. 
13757 


H8 . 


PERICONTIEA E. 
Stachybotrys, Corda. 
S. atra, Corda. On damp paper. 
S. lobulata, Berk. On damp paper. 
S. asperula, Mass. On damp packing paper. 


S. minima, Ce, On damp paper. 


 ARTHRINEAE. 
Arthrinum, Kunze. 
A. caricicolum, Kunze. On dead leaves of Carez. 
Goniosporium, Link. 


G. puccinioides, Link. On dead leaves of grass. 


TRICHOSPORIEAE. 
Trichosporium, Fries. 
T. umbrinum, Saccardo. On rotten bark. 
T. fuscum, Saccardo. On pine bark. 
T. inoseulans, Sacc. On dead wood. 
Zygodesmus, Corda 


Z. fuscus, Corda. On rotten wood. 


MONOTOSPOREAE. 

Monotospora, Fries. 

M. sphaerocephala, Berk. d Broome. On decaying vegetation. 

M. repens, Mass. On dead plants. 

M. pumila, Mass. Parasitic on Graphium flexuosum. 

M. asperospora, Cke. & Mass. On dead branches of Clematis. 
Hadrotrichum, Fck/. 

H. arundinaceum, Uke. & Mass. On dead Arundo conspicua, 
Acremoniella, Saccardo. 

A, fusca, Saccardo. On rotten wood. 


179 


HAPLOGRAPHEAE, 
Haplographium, Saccardo. 
H. Chartarum, Saccardo. On wet paper. 
Dematium, Pers. 
D. hispidulum, Fries. On dead leaves of Arundo Donaz. 
D. vinosum, Mass. On damp gummed paper. 
D. effusum, Sacc. On damp paper. 


MYXOTRICHEAE. 
Bolacotricha, Berk. & Broome. 
B. grisea, Berk. & Broome. On decaying sacking. 


Myxotrichum, Kwnze. 
M. Chartarum, Kunze. On damp paper. 


BISPOREAE. 
Bispora, Corda. 
B. monilioides, Corda. 


STACHYLIDIEA E. 
Gonytrichum, Nees. 
G. eaesium, Nees. On dead bramble stem, 
Stachylidium, Link. 
S. extorre, Sacc. On dead bramble stem. 


CLADOSPORIEAE. 
Polythrincium, Kunze. 
P. Trifolii, Kunze. On living leaves of Trifolium medtum. 


Cladosporium, Link. 

C. epiphyllum, Mart. On dead leaves of various trees. 

C. sphaerosporum, Penzig. On leaves of Citrus. 

C. Herbarum, Link. On decaying herbaceous plants, fungi, &o. 

C. nodulosum, Corda. On rotten wood. 

C. fasciculare, Fries. On stems of Lilium awratum. 

C. Orchidearum, Cke. & Mass. On leaves of many species of 
cultivated orchids. 


13757 M2 


180 
CLASTEROSPORIEAE. 
Olasterosporium, Schw. 
C. fasciculare, Saccardo. On dead wood. 
C. capsuliferum, Sacc. On Catalpa bignonioides. 


C. Fungorum, Saccardo. On the hymenium of living Corticium 
molle. - 


HELMINTHOSPORIEAE. 
Helminthosporium, Link. 
H. velutinum, Link. On rotten wood. 


H. exasperatum, Berk. Broome. On fading leaves of Dianthus 
deltoides and other caryophyllaceous plants. 


H. macrocarpum, Grev. On dead wood. 
. H. fusiforme, Corda. On wood. 
H. apiculatum, Corda. On wood. 
H. sphaerosporum, Penz. Parasitic on leaves of Clerodendron. 
H. Smithii, Berk. & Broome. On dead holly. 
H. densum, Sacc. & Roum. On dead branch of Morus alba. 
Brachysporium, Saccardo. 
B. stemphylioides, Corda. On dead wood. 
B. apicale, Berk. & Broome. On dead branches. 
B. obovatum, Berk.' On rotten wood. 
B. ellipticum, Berk. & Broome. On rotten wood. 
B. solani, Mont. On fading leaves of Soldanella. 
Cercospora, Fresenius. 
C. Calthae, Cke. On fading leaves of Caltha palustris. 
C. moricola, Cke. On leaves of Morus rubra. 
C. concentrica, Che. On leaves of Yucca Jilamentosa and 
Y. gloriosa. 
Heterosporium, Klotzsch. 
H. echinulatum, Cke. On living leaves of species of Convallaria, 


Scilla, and Smilax. _ When abundantly developed, this species 
proves to be an injurious parasite, destroying the foliage. 


H. variabile, Cooke. On Primula Auricula. 
H. Laricis, Cke. & Mass. On larch leaves. 


H. minutulum, 


m Cke. & Mass. On living leaves of Chamaerops 
humilis, NE — 


181 
Heterosporium Typharum, Che. & Mass. On living leaves of | 
Typha angustifolia. 


m Che. & Mass. On old specimens of Polyporus 
squamosus, Boletus felleus, and Kwussw'a nigricans. 


Tetraploa, Berk. & Broome. 
T. aristata, Berk. and Broome. On dead grass. 


MACRONEMEAE. 
Stemphylium, Wallr. 
S. asperosporum, Cke. & Mass. On damp paper. 
Macrosporium, Fries. 
| M. commune, Rabh. On decaying plants. 
M. Sarcinula, Berk. On decaying Paeonia albiflora. 
M. nobile, Vize. On decaying leaves of Dianthus, 


M. Tomato, Cooke. On living leaves and fruit of Lycopersicum 
esoulentum 


M. Alliorum, Cke. & Mass. On fading leaves cf Allium. 
Convallariae, Fries. On fading leaves of Polygonatum 

eaten 
Fumago, Pers. 

F. ns, Pers. Forming sooty patches on leaves of Ulmus 
campestris. 

HELICOSPOREAE. 

Helicosporium, Vees. 

H. viride, Saccardo. On decaying birch wood. 


STILBEAE. 
Stilbum, Tode. 
S. tomentosum, Schr. Parasitic on T'richia varia. 
S. vulgare, Tode. On rotten wood. 
S. erythrocephalum, Ditm. On rabbit dung. 
= vaporarium, Berk. & Broome. On wood. 
S. fimetarium, Berk. & Broome. On rabbit dung. 
S. turbinatum, Tode. On rotten wood. 
S: citrinellum, Cie. & Mass. On fading leaves of Lycopodinm. 


182 


Isaria, Pers. 

I. eitrina, Pers. On decaying Polyporus. 

I. farinosa, Pers. Ona buried chrysalis. 

I. sulfurea, Fied/. On birds’ dung. 
Atractium, Link. 

A. flammeum, Berk. On willow bark. 
Sporocybe, Fries. 

8. atra, Saccardo. On dry leaves of Holcus mollis. 
Graphium, Corda. 


G. minum, Oke. d Mass. On dead leaves of Cortaderia. 
aegentea. 


G. Passerini, Saccardo. On dead stems of Cortaderia 
argentea. 


G. subulatum, Saccardo. On bark. 
G. anomalum, Sacc. On decaying leaves. 
G. penicillioides, Corda. On rotten wood. 
G. flexuosum, Saccardo. On bark. 
Stysanus, Corda. 
S. Stemonites, Corda. 
Arthrobotryum, Cesati. 


A. atrum, Berk. & Broome. On fallen branches. 


TUBERCULARIEAE. 
Tubercularia, Tode. 
T. vulgaris, Tode. On dead branches. 


T. versicolor, Saccardo. On dead branches of Buaus semper- 
virens, which were probably killed by the fungus. 


T. subpedicellata, Schw. On dead branches of Syringa. 
T. Ligustri, Cke. On dying branches of Ligustrum ovalifolium. 
T. Euonymi, Roum. On branches of Euonymus europaeus. 


T. expallens. Fries. On dead branches of Aesculus Hippo- 
castanum. 


T. Aesculi, Opiz. On branches of Aesculus Hippocastanum. 
T. Sambuci, Corda. On branches of Sambucus nigra. 


T. confluens; Pers. On branches of Acanthopanaz spinosum. 


183 


Tubereularia Herbarum, Fries. On Rhus glabra, var. laciniata. 
T. sarmentorum, Fries. On twigs of Catalpa bignonioides. 
Illosporium, Mat. 
I. Curreyi, Sacc. On dead leaves. 
Aegerita, Pers. 
A. candida, Pers. On damp elder bark. 
Volutella, 7'ode. 
V. ciliata, Fries. On decaying Crocus corms. 
V. Hyacinthorum, Berk. On decaying hyacinth bulbs. 
V. setosa, Berk. On dead stems of Lilium candidum. 
V. roseola, Cooke. On dead beech branches, 
V. melaloma, Berk. & Broome. On dead iris leaves. 
Bactridium, Kunze. 
B. flavum, Kunze. On rotten wood. 
Fusarium, Link. 
F. pyrochroum, Saccardo. On dead branches. 
F. viticola, Thum. On branches of Vitis inconstans. 
F. diffusum, Carm. On dead thistle stems. 
F. roseum, Link. On decaying vegetable matter. 
F. inseptatum, Schwz. On Daphne Genkwa. 
F. heterosporum, Nees. On the inflorescence of Hoicus mollis. 
F. bulbigenum, Che. & Mass. On bulbs of Narcissus. 
Pionnotes, Fries. 
P. baisolettiana, Corda. On adventitious roots of cherry laurel. 
Epicoccum, Link. 
E. vulgare, Corda. On decaying herbaceous stems. 


E. granulatum, Penzig. On Sorghum cernuum and m rpus Erio- 
phorum. 


E. — Desm. On leaves of Phragmites and Scirpus 
Eriophorun 


E. Herbarum, Corda. On dead leaves of Typha angustifolia. 
E. purpurascens, Ehrh. On decaying stems of Cortaderia 
rgentea. 


184 
Myrothecium, Tode. 
M. roridum, Tode. On decaying vegetable matter. 
M. inundatum, Tode. On decaying Boletus luridus. 
Exosporium, Link. 
E. Tiliae, Link. On bark of Tilia vulgaris. 


APPENDIX. 


MYXOGASTRES. 

A very beautiful group of — remarkable alike for 
beauty of form, brilliancy of coloration, and their remarkable life- 
history. Most of the species are minute, and are not uncommon 
on rotten wood, moss, &c. There is a difference of opinion as to 
the affinities of this group, which by some authorities is considered 
as related to Fungi, whereas others place it in the Animal 
Kingdom. Coloured figures, along with — aS of all the 
British „Species, are contained in * A Mo h of the Myxo 
gastres.’ wenty-five genera and fifty ien have been collected 
= the grounds, just about half the number known to occur in 

ritain. 


TUBULINEAE. 
Tubulina, Pers. 


T. cylindrica, Rost. On dead wood. 

T. effusa, Mass. On rotten wood. 
Enteridium, Rost. 

E. olivaceum, Rost. On stumps. 


CRIBRARIAE. 
Cribraria, Pers. 
C. intricata, Schrad. On rotten wood. 
C. argillacea, Pers. On wood. 
C. aurantiaca, Schrad. On fallen branches. 
Dictydium, Schrad, 
D. cernuum, Nees. On rotten wood. 


185 


STEMONITEAE.. 

Stemonitis, Gled. 

S. fusca, Rost. On rotten wood. 

S. typhina, Mass. On rotten wood. 

8. friesiana, De Bary. On dead leaves, 
Brefeldia, Rost. 

B. maxima, Rost. On fallen trunks, 
Reticularia, Bull. 

R. Lycoperdon, Rost. On wood and bark. 


LAMPRODERMEAE. 
Lamproderma, Rost. 
L. violaceum, Rost. On living Hypnum. 
L. irideum, Mass. On dead leaves. 


L. arcyrioides, Host. On rotten wood. 


ARCYRIEAE. 

Perichaena, Fries. 

P. corticalis, Rost. 
Lycogala, Micheli. 

L. epidendrum, Rost. On fallen trunks. 
Prototrichia, Rost. 

P. cuprea, Mass. 

P. flagellifera, Rost. On dead wood. 
Arcyria, Hill. 

A. punicea, Rost. On rotten wood. 

A. incarnata, Rost. On dead bark. 

A. nutans, Rost. On rotten wood. 

A. cinerea, Mass. On dead wood. 


TRICHEAE. 
Oligonema, Rost. 
O. nitens, Rost. On dead bark. 


186 


Trichia, Haller. 
T. fragilis, Rost. On dead wood. 
T. varia, Rost. On dead moss. 
T. abrupta, Cke. On dead wood. 
T. scabra, Rost. On dead wood. 


T. fallax, Rost. On rotten wood. 


DIDYMEAE. 
Chondrioderma, Rost. 
C. floriforme, Rost. On mosses. 
C. difforme, Rost. On dead hawthorn leaves. 
Didymium, Schrad. 
D. farinaceum, Schrad. On living moss. 
D. squamulosum, Fries. On dead leaves. 
D. microcarpon, Rost. On dead leaves. 
D. Clavus, Rost. On dead twigs. 
D. Serpula, Fries. On dead oak leaves. 
Lepidoderma, De Bary. 
L. tigrinum, Rost. On rotten wood. 
Spumaria, Pers. 
8. alba, DC. On living grass. 
Diachaea, Fries. 
D. leucopoda, Rost. On dead leaves. 


PHYSAREAE, 

Craterium, Trent. 

C. confusum, Mass. On dead grass. 
` C. aureum, Rost. On dead bark. 
Physarum, Pers. 

P. leucopus, Rost. On dead wood. 

P. leucophæum, Fries. On dead twigs and moss. 

P. cinereum, Rost. On dead twigs. 

F. contextum, Rost, On bark and moss. 


187 


P. cerebrinum, Mass. On wood and soil in a pot containing 
palm seeds from Java. Probably an introduced species. (Monogr. 
Myx., p. 306, fig. 275.) 

P. sinuosum, Rost, On rotten wood. 

Badhamia, Berk. 

B. macrocarpa, Rost. On dead bark, 

B. punicea, Rost. On twigs. 

B. varia, Mass. On wood. 

B. nitens, Berk. On rotten wood. 

Tilmadoche, Rost. 

T. nutans, Rost. On rotten wood. 
Leocarpus, Rost. 

L. fragilis, Rost. 

Fuligo, Rost. 
F. varians, Rost, On heap of dead leaves. 


DICTYOSTELIAE. 
Dictyostelium, Brefeld. 
D. mucorioides, Brefeld. On dung. 


6. ALGAE. 
By F. E. Fritsch, D.Sc., Ph.D, ELS. 


re 

man's *Les Algues de la Flore de Buitenzorg," 

published in 1900, which, although in reality taking into con- 
sideration the entire algal flora of Java, gives a comprehensive 
account of the Algae found more especially in the gardens at 
Buitenzorg. Such a flora i not road to differ edi greatly from 


found in ub iro 


The algal flora of the gardens at Kew, however, must necessarily 
be influenced by factors which do not affect the flora of m 
immediate surroundings; in the greenhouses, for instance 
ditions prevail, which are often sg a: favour the developtient 
of an entirely different flora. A l number of the form 
occurring in the hothouses are ; tu. only there, where suitable 
conditions as regards temperature and moisture are provided for 


188 


them. This hothouse flora, which does not differ greatly in 
character throughout Europe, has been examined casually by a 


hich have as yet not been observed elsewhere, are included. 
Observations of this kind having been extended over many years, 
it is not surprising that very few new forms have been met with 
at Kew. 


If compared with that of any other local British algal flora the 
following list will immediately be found to present one very 
striking character. is is the relative abundance of the blue- 
green forms (Cyanophyceae). The composition of the flora may 
be mentioned at once, so as to illustrate this feature :— 


p Gen. Spec. 
_ Hhodophyceae si wis aa = m» i 1 
$ ———— Ee ae ea ae re 5 10 
E 
$| Stephanokontae ... e e se in 1 6 
D 
E URN Eo us TU 46 78 
Akontae (Conjugatae) pA es oes A 14 52 
Cyanophyceae 2 c se e Jie 29 72 
Bacillariales ... iut a aes zm ce 28 67 
Flagellatae ... xem X a em Ps 6 8 
Total .-. svi ee EN 130 294 


RE EL ak Se a | 1 


I y phy titute nearly 25 per cent. 
of the entire flora, whereas in other algal floras the percentage is 
generally much less. We shall see immediately how this is to be 
accounted for. 


The algal flora of Kew Gardens may be said to be composed of 
three elements, although possibly the two latter should be included 
under one heading. They may be described as :— 

(i. The greenhouse-flora, consisting for the chief part of blue- 
green Algae. It is to the presence of this element that their 


kon It is possible that some of the Cyanophyceae found in the hothouses are 


189 


covered with Cyanophyceae, either in the form of olive, green, 
or brownish gelatinous clumps, or as incrustations of the most 
varied shades of blue and black, whilst the practical absence of 
Chlorophyceae is very notic eable. In the Aroid house (No. 1), 
which is also subjected toa moist heat, the north wall especially, 

t 


ms 
are interspersed. One or other of the species of Lyngbya usually 
forms a laminose coating all over the sides of the tanks. 


(ii.) The Thames-/flora, consisting of the Algae in the artificial 


greenhouses Piona Regia tank, the’ ‘an ks of the Vir 
house) show the same constituents, and I have scarcely observed 


nd een 
been dee with plants from Brazi 


The Thames-flora consists of a denm number of inc ME Algae 
and of numerous os (unicellular or few-celled) species, 
amongst which the genera Scenedesmus and Padiastrum are 
particularly common. The Platon of all the TES T Kew in 
its composition absolutely resembles that of the Tham 


(iii.) The terrestrial flora, made up of the tege growing o 
damp ground BM ena Nostoc) and rocks ( Nostoc, Gloeocapsa, &c. 5 

and those growing on trees, &c. (Plewrococeus, Chlorococcum), in 
the open a ie 


The greenhouse flora is dM MS apad developed all the 
year round, whereas the flora outside show; its maximum develop- 


ble 
Desmids and other aie oor are very rare befor e Apri although 
some of the unicellular Protococeoideae are he ere to »* found all 
the year round. 


* 0290 


In the aquatic tank near the Jodrell laboratory (briefly styled 
laboratory-tank in the subjoined list) a regular sequence of algal 
forms was observed, as will be seen from the following table :— 


E 8 
DTE ] : ?gd S T : E E 
sataj als ksa] a]? 
Simisdj«|mnie|s|-4]|- 
Characium Sieboldi .. «s - — "E — + 
Chlamydomonas pulviseulus .. | — -— — =- + + + + 
Chaetophora endiviaefolia "ope + +? — = = — A as 
Draparnaldia plumosa  .. AU Enid tes = = T T = T = 
Mesocarpus pleurocarpus .. -|- — + + — —- mes A 
Spirogyra crassa n ve a Eid m - + x n + > + E 
» condensata cae ee — — B T + — cu 
ns longata  .. ee T Puncta ES as Sm i + + + -— 
Closterium acerosum fe ee ee e + a Ae + + 
Sphaeroplea annulina a — — — + $ us e ET 
Cladophora fracta —|—|—-1|-1|- + $ X 4 
Ulothrix radicans -|-| -|— + sine na ow T ne 
Sciadium arbuscula -|/—-—-};—-J]—-|f- dcos desc aa 
Tetrasporalubriea .. nf A ~| — — -— — = 53 "m im 
The first Iuteresting form which appeared was Chaetophora 
endiviaefolia, which utterly sene after the & ak was cleaned 
out in April. A few weeks after this Draparnaldia plumosa and 
Sphaeroplea nnm the latter of which had been abundant at 
the same spot in former years, put in an BPDosraines, to be to a 


great extent superseded by two species of Spirogyra in the next 
month; finally, in July, Fetraspora lubrica appeared and has 
again vanished. 


Undoubtedly this great change in the vegetation of the tank 
in suecessive months is partly due to the ma ies Algae, which 
collects every few weeks, being removed, room being thus 
furnished for the abad of other species. "HG connection with 
this the sudden appearance of Chantransia pygmaea in the 
middle t tank of the trai house, a fortnight after it had been 

eaned out, may be mentioned. owever, other Algae show a 
priodi develbpment without any such agency coming into 
play. Thus Oscillaria nigra first appeared in the water-lily pond 

July ; in September it was far the most important constituent 


an qui 
cd in earlier parts of the pee is the most abundant Alga here. 


Much has already been written on the periodicity of certain 
plankton organisms (Clathrocystis, Anabaena flos aquae, &c.), 
but as far as I am aware too little attention in this respect has 
been paid d those inhabiting the deeper regions of the water. 


191 


It is interesting in this connection alone to compare the winter 
with the summer flora. Species of the hardy genera of Algae 
(Cladophora, Rhizoclonium, Oedogonium, Ulothrix) are gps 


to be found just only in winter a 
such considerable quantity ; but the more delicate species on ly 
put in an app en the temperature and, wha obably 


more important, the amount of light* has increased. Much can be 
said on this subject, but I must here confine myself to the state- 
ments made 


The plankton of the artificial waters at Kew is, as has already 
been mentioned, in its general character almost the same as that o 
the Thames, and for this reason I have included species found in 
ihe plankton of the river at Kew in my list. In quantity of 
individuals, however, the difference is very striking ; whereas the 


8 pia 

the waters at Kew the green j rre (especi wn f Vilocinet Pedia- 
strum, and Scenedesmus) play a very important part and consider- 
wu exceed the Diatomaceae in number. This striking difference 

n the quantitative development of the plankton in rivers and 
mien has already been pointed out by Zacharias and others. On 
the whole, d the plankton of the artificial waters at Kew 
is rather poo 

If the ce of the flora, as tabulated on page 188, be once 
more referred to, it will be noticed that the number of species of 
Desmids fou is i 


represented. Of the large genus Stawrastrum only six species, 
uastrum only one species was found, whilst Micrasterias, 
Desmidium, &c., are quite a t 


The entire absence of Peridineae is worthy of note. 
* * > * Ld 


The Algae in the subjoined list were for the most part collected 
by me from the beginning of December, 1901, to October, 1902. 
Ag the collecting was carried out in different parts of the gardens 
almost daily, not many of the forms present this year will have 
escaped me. A preliminary list of Algae, collect d by Mr. C. H. 
Wright, A.L.S., and Mr. G. Massee, F.L.S., s placed in my 
hands at the commencement of this hreig; many of these 
have been found again this year, but some twenty I quote on 
their authority. These species have been marked with an asterisk. 


Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, 1897, p. 511, mentions 
a number of Algae he had found at Kew, which have also been 
adopted in the present list. 

A few words on the system of classification adopted may be 
added. For many years the old system of classifying Algae has 
been felt to be inadequate, and in recent years an attempt has 


* Cp. Zacharias, Uber die Ursache der der Verschiedenheit des Winterplanktons in 
grossen u. kleinen Seen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, Bd. xxii., 1889, pp, 26 and 27, 


192 


been made to establish a new classification, based on the nature 
of the product of assimilation and on the structure of the zoos- 
pores. This system, as at present extant, is mainly due to the 
efforts of Bohlin*, who has published several interesting papers 
-on this subject during the last few years. Quite recently Black- 
man and Tansleyf have commenced to publish a “ Revision of 
the Classification of the Green Algae," based on Bohlin's gystem 
-with a few slight x dapes Some of these I have also adopted 
in my list; in other cases I have followed Bohlin’s views. 
Although far from Pus perfect, the present system expresses 

much more clearly than the old one di eu current ideas on the 
phylogenetic relationships of the green Alga 


For the Cyanophyceae I have mainly followed 2 classifi- 
cation in Cooke, British Freshwater Algae. The oms are 
arranged according to Rabenhorst, Flora Algarum rendi 
Vol. 1. 


Full descriptions and figures of the new forms found will be 
given in one of the next numbers of Annals o pene in which 
one or two doubiful forms will also be discusse 


Finally I have to thank Prof. Dr. Chodat, of Geneva, for his 
kind assistance in the de termination of certain plankton forms, 


minations, and it is a great pleasure to me to acknowledge and 
thank him for v extreme kindness.—Jodrell Laboratory, Kew, 
October 18th, 1902 


I. RHODOPHYCEAE. 
BATRACHOSPERMEAE. 


Chantransia, Fries, 1825. 


C. pygmaea, Kiitz. Phyc. Gen. 285. Formed large numbers of 
small round tufts on the stone sides of the middle tank of the 
water-lily house (No. 15) during March, 1902. This species 

appea some few weeks after the tank had been cleaned out, 
numerous dark red patches interrupting the stratum of Lyngbya, 


o er er of 
been found to take its place, although some species of this genus 
have been asserted to be only stages in the development of 
Batrachospermum, &c 


T Cp. berie Utkast till de gröna algernas och arkegoniaternas fylogeni, 

+ € ie es €: oi bees Prof. Tansley very kindly sent me an 
outline of that Reed f the re which had not »- appeared in ish for 
which I desire to express my y best rrr iy 


193 


II. HETEROKONTAE. 
Series I. Vaucheriales. 
VAUCHERIACEAE. 
Vaucheria, DC., 1805. 
V. Dillwynni, Ag. Syst., 173. On damp ground near the water- 
lily pond, April, 1 1902. 
V. sessilis (Vawch.), DC. Flor. Fr.,1I.,63. On rocks below and 
— water in the temperate house pool, March, 1902 ; in the side 
anks of the water-lily house, April, 2;in a glass vessel with 
deat in the Herb. Dptmt., June, 1902. Sexual organs were 
sent in every case (cp. also Bennett in Journ. Roy. Micr. 
Bar 1897, 511). 
V. geminata ( Vauch.), DC. loc. cit.,62. In the side tanks of the 
disol house, fruiting in April, 902. 
Var. racemosa, Walz. Lake, April, 1902. The curious 
sexual branches "were well develo ped. 
hamata ( V. iain ), Lyngb. Hydroph., T1, t. xx., fig. c. On soil 
in Se pot (Massee !). 
*V. terrestris, Lyngb. loc. cit, TT. On soil in plant pot 
(Massee !). 
t fabserosporm Nordst. Bot. Notis. 1878, 177, t. 2. Thames 
at Kew (cp. Cooke in Journ. Quekett Micr. Club, ser. 2, vol. 2, 
p. 219 ! 
Series IT. Confervales. | 
1. BOTRYDIACEAE. 
Botrydium, Wallr., 1815. 
*B. granulatum, L. “On mud on shore of lake, common iring 


3? 


some seasons. Men !) 


2. CONFERVACEAE. 
Conferva ( Linn.), Link, 1820. 

C. bombycina, Ay. Syst., 83. Formed a compact green layer on 
outside ledge of weit tebe house, 1902. The cells of this species 
were generally filled with granules s of oil; no starch was present 

(ep. Wille in Nat. Pfl. I, 2, p. 85 
Seiadium, Braun, 1855. 

S. arbuscula, Braun Alg. Unicell., 106, t. 4. On Cladophora in 
laboratory tank, Aeri DOR. 1902 (isolat ed). 

Ophiocytium, Näg., 1849. 

*0. cochleare Save ), Braun loc. cit., 54. Lake (Massee !). 
O. circinatum, Wolle, was observed in the higher reaches of the 
Thames, and a close sect would probably also diselose it in the 
river at Kew. 

13757 rie N 


194 


III. STEPHANOKONTA E. 


OEDOGONIACEA E. 
Oedogonium, Link, 1820. 


0. Vaucherii (Le Clerc), Braun Chytr., 381, t. 2, f. 13. In the 
temperate house pools; with oogonia in À pril, 1902 ; disappeared 
in May, 1902. 


0. capillare (Linn.), Kütz. Phyc. Gen. 225, t. 12, f. 1-10. 
Growing on Nitella syncarpa, contained in a glass ves sel in one 
of the pits, April, 1902. This species is cnrious in that the apical 
cell of each filament is provided with a tip, which is formed 
before or at the same time as the root on the developing zoospore. 
During the summer months this species has been slowly dying ; 
it is now practically colourless, the cells being crowded with 
starch granules (cp. Annals of Botany, vol. xvi., 1902, 481). 


0. caleareum, Cleve in Wittr. Disp. Oedo 0g -, 135. In the warm 
tanks of the water-lily house, with oogonia, April, 1902 ; also in 
Victoria Regia tank (ep. Cooke, Brit. Freshw. Algae, 165). This 


ecie 
earbonate of lime, giving its cells a rugged, black, granular 
appearance. M e qum 1902. 


O. cardiacum (Hass.), Wittr. loc. cit, 135. Growing on th 
leaves of Vallisneria rans: in the middle tank of the water-lily 
house, 1902. Only oogonia and oospores were observed. 


0. stagnale, Kiitz. Spec. Alg., 368. Tank in Herb. Dptmt., 
June-September, 1902. Antheridia and young oospores observed. 
As far as I am aware this species has not yet been found in this 
country. 


. Sp. With a water-moss from the river Severn in a glass 
vessel in the Herb. Dptmt., 1902. This species has remained sterile 
ever since I first observed it in April. Diam. of filaments = 4-5y ; 
cells about 4—5 times as long. 


IV. CONJUGATAE (AKONTAE). 


1. MESOCARPACEAE. 
Mesocarpus, Hass., 1845. 
Hass. Freshw. Algae, 166. Together with 


M. parvulus, 
Ulothriz in tank of one of the pits, A il 1902. Z t 
observed. pits, April, 1202. Zygospores no 


M. pleurocarpus, De Bary Conj., 81, t. ii. fig. 14. Formiug 
large yellowish-green floating masses in the lake, Apzil-Bepiember, 
1902 ; laboratery tank, 1902.  Zygospores not observed. 


195 


2. ZYGNEMACEAE. 


Mougeotia, De Bary, 1858. 


*M. glyptosperma, De cnp Conj., 18, t. 8, fig. 20-25. Tancality 
and date uncertain (Wright !). 
Sirogonium, Kiitz., 1843. 

S. sticticum, Kütz. Phyc. gen., 278. Common at the north end 
of the lake in the early part of the year, 1902. Zygospores not 
observed. 

Spirogyra, Link., 1820. 

S. crassa, — loc. cit., 280, t. 14. fig. iv. Laboratory tank, 
all the year round; ioter bingiad with Zygnema pectinatum in 
water-lily dodi, June, 1902; moat, July, 1902. Zygospores not 
observed. This is the only species of Spirogyra to be found in 
the gardens during the winter months ; the others only appear in 
March and April. A well-developed iieath is frequently to be 
found surrounding the filaments. 

S. nitida (Dillw.), Link, Handbk., iii., 262. Laboratory tank 
(Massee !); amongs her Pascenueads inn in a tank in the 
Herb. Dptmt., with zygospores, June, 190 

S. a (Vauch.), Cleve. Monogr. Zygn., 22, t. 5, fig. 8 to 13. 
Middle tank of water-lily house, June, 1902. "A very variable 
d . 


Var. * = Cooke. Lake, June, 1902. Zygospores not 
observe 

Var. b. decimina, Cooke. Temperate house pools, inter- 
mingled with other Algae, June, 1902. Zygospores not 

observed. 

Var. c. rivularis, Cooke. Victoria regia tank ; with zygo- 
spores, pem. 902. 

S. condensata ( Vauch.), Ktz. Tab. Phyc. v., t. 22, fig. iii. Laboratory 
tank, July, 1902 ; moat, July, 1902. Zygospores not observed. 

S. longata (Vauch.), Ktz. Phyc. germ., 222. Laboratory tank, 
June, 1902, with aygosror es. The varieties communis and turpis, 
oe were both pre 

S. insignis (Hass.), Ktz. Spec. Alg., 438, n. 12. Moat, May, 
1902 ; with zygospores. 

S. Weberi, Ktz. Phyc. Gen., 279, n. 4, t. 14, fig. 3. On the stone- 
bird of the fountain in the pond, J une, 1902. Zygospores not 
observed. 

Form. a. inaequalis, Cooke. Laboratory tank, August, 1902. 

Form. b. subventricosum, Cooke. Gro n lea 
Biri s»iralis in middle tank of deiude hu "05, 
June, 1902. With zygospores. 


13757 


N2 


196 


S. tenuissima (Hass.), Ktz. Spec. Alg., 437. Temperate house 
pools; interminglel with Sp. porticalis, July, 1902. Zygospores 
not observed. 


Zygnema, Kiitz., 1843. 
Z. pectinatum, Ag Syst., 78, n. 8. Moat, May, 1902; water- 
lily pond, June, 1902. Zygospores not observed. 
*Z. stellinum ee ) Ag. Syst., 77, n. 4. Locality and date 
unknown (Wrigh 
3. DESMIDIACEAE, 
Gonatozygon, De Bary, 1856. 


G. Brebissonii, De Bary Conj., 11, t. 4, f. 26, 27. Lake, July, 
1902 (isolated). 
Docidium, Br¢b., 1846. 
*D. clava Kütz. in Ralfs Desm. (1848), 156, t. 26, 7. 
ep. "fedis in soceri ‘of Royal Microscop. Society, 1891, S Té (x 
pe Nitzsch, 1817. 


unula (Miller), Ehrb. Abh., 1830. Laboratory tank, July, 
is (Wright i plankton of pond, April, 1892 (Chodat !) ; dios 
May, 1902 hi). 


Es acerosum, Erb. Symb. Phys. Phyt., t. ii., f. 9. Plankton of 
pond and Thames, 1902; laboratory tank, May, 1902 ; temperate 
house pools, July, 1902. 


(m 


C. Ehrenbergii, Meneg. Syn. Desm., 232. Isolated amongst other 
Algae in side tanks of water-lily house ( (15), April, 1902 ; temperate 
house pools, June, 1902 ; streamlet in rockery, September, 1902, 


Var. rubro-striolatum, nov. var. Frond elongated; dorsal 
surface strongly convex, ventral slightly concave with am 
or less conspicuous central i nflation ; considerably attenuated 
towardsthe eee ends. Large granules irregularly dar om 
E. 


in considerable number in each half of the cell. 
reddish, analy distinctly striolate, striae pps 
aem distinguisha e from one another; a conspicuous central 


potire dari nt. Zygo ospore not observed. Breadth des 
1005; length about 500 p. Temperate house pools, amongst 
Ulo Aoi, July, 1902; streamlet in rockery, Boptatbor, 1902. 


C. moniliferum, Erb. Inf., 91, t. 5, 4 16. Plankton of Thames, 
August-September, 1902 ; moat, July, 1 902. 


C. Jenneri, Ralfs Desm., 107, t. 28, f. 6. Lake, June, 1902. 


*C. Leibleinii, Kiitz. Syn. Diat., 596. cp. Dennett in Journal of 
Royal Microscopical Society, 1897, 511 (!). 


C. bass. Ehr. Infus., 92, t. 5, f. 17. Lake, May, 1902. 


tum, Corda Alm. eS 9, f. 61--63. Lake, July 
1897. 7 Wright D. 


197 


C. juncidum, Ralfs Desm., 172, t. 29, f. 6. Isolated amongst 
other Algae in side-tanks of "water- lily house, April, 1902. 


C. lineatum, Hhrb. Abh. Berl. Akad., 1833, 238. Temperate 
house pools, May, 1902. 

*C. Ralfsii, Bréb. in Ralfs Desm., 174, t. 30, f. 2. Laboratory 
tank, August, 1897 (Wright !). 

. cornu, Hhrb. Abh. Berl. Akad., 1830, 62. Victoria Regiu tauk, 
June, 1902. 

C. linea, Perty kleins. Lebens., 206, t. 10, f. 20. Isolated amongst 
other Algae in side tanks of water- lily house, April, 1902. 

*Q. eboracense, Turner in Trans. Leeds Nat. Club, i., t. 1, f. 16 
Laboratory tank, August, 1897 (Wright D). 

C. acuminatum, Az. Phyc. germ., 130, n. 4. Amongst Nitella 
syncarpa in a glass vessel in the Herb. Dou. February, 1902. 
Penium, Bréb., 1848 

P. elosterioides, Ralfs Desm., 152, t. 34, f. 4. Plankton of lake, 
April, 1902 (Chodat !); laboratory tank, J uly, 1897 (Wright !). 
Mesotaenium, Väg., 1849. 


M. chlamydosporum, De Bary, Conj, 75, t. 7, f. D. Amongst 
Diatoms and Oscillariae, sharing to bricicvork in pit, March- 
Jul 02 

Euastrum, Erb., 1831. 


E. venustum, Bréb. Liste, 124, t. 1, f. 9. Lake, May-September, 
1902. 


Cosmarium, Corda, 1835. 

C. granatum, Bréb. in Ralfs Desm., 96, t. 32, f. 6: oe 
tank, May, 1902 ; tank in private grounds, May, 1902 

C. quega- AA taa AR Lund. Desm. Suec., 41, t. 2, f. 18. 
Amongst other Algae the rocks in the pools of hs E Br 
house, March, 1902. 

C. go anim Wittr. Sotv. Alg., 60, t. 4, f. 14. Temperate 
house pools, May, 1902 ; lake, June, 1902. 

C. crenatum, UR Ann. Nat. Hist., xiv., t. 2, f. 6. Lake, April- 
September, 1902. 

C. manedbor a ) Meneg. Syn. Desm., 219. Tank in 
private grounds, 1902 ; side tanks of water- lily house (15), 
June, 1902 ; aee of Thames, August-September, 1902. 

C. botrytis, Meneg. Syn. Desm., 220. Amongst Cladophora fract 
in temperate house pools, December, 1901 (mihi); etn 
tank, July, 1897 (Wright !). 

*C. Bro , Thw. in Ralfs Desm.,. 103, t. 16, PB LILET 
Biboriory qw August, 1897 (Wright 1). 


198 
iam quinarium, Lund. Desm. Suec., 28, t. 2, f. 14. Lake, July, 
902. 


C. isthmochondrium, Nordst. Norges Desm.,12, f. 9. Lake, May- 
August, 1902. 


C. moniliforme (T'urp.), Ralfs Desm., 107, t. 17, f. 6. Side tanks 
of water-lily house, June, 1902. 


C. parvulum, Bréb. Liste Desm., 133, t. 1, f. 18. In considerable 
quantity amongst other Algae on outside walls of water-lily house. 
March, 1902. 

Calocylindrus, De Bary, 1858. 

. C. Thwaitesii (Ralfs), Cooke Brit. Desm., 126, t. 44, f. 5. Side 
tanks of water-lily house (15), June, 1902. 
Staurastrum, Meyen., 1829. 

8. striolatum, (Nàg.), Pritch. Infus., 140. Lake, August-Sep- 
tember, 1902. 
oS. punctulatum, Bréb. in Ralfs Desm., 133, t. 22, f. 1. Amongst 
Zygnema in laboratory tank (Massee !). 

*8. alternans, Bréb. in Ralfs Desn., 132, t. 21, f. T. Laboratory 
tank, July, 1897 (Wright !). 

areuatum, Nordsi. Norges Desm., 36, f. 18. Laboratory tank, 
J ne 1897 (Wright !) ; Lake, September, 1902 (mihi). 

S. polymorphum, Bréb. in Ralfs Desm., 135, 6 2, fi 93 4:24, f. 6. 

Lake, July, 1902 


S. paradoxum, Meyen. Nov. Act. Leop., xiv., 43, f. 38. 
Amongst Cladophora in ‘pond, September, 1902. idiom um p. 


V. CHLOROPHYCEAE (ISOKONTAE). 


Series 1. Siphoneae. 


i SPHAEROPLEACEAE. 
Sphaeroplea, Ag., 1824. 


S. annulina, (Roth.), Ag. Syst. . 76. “Occurred very abundantly 
in the tank near the laboratory in 1890, when the surface of the 
water was covered with an orange seum " (Massee!). I found it 
in May of this year, the tank having been cleaned out a few o3 
before (cp. Massee, Journ. Linn. Soc., Vol. xxvii, 1889, 458). 
The red oospores were first met no and soon after well-developed 
vegetative filaments were abundant. They were still present the 
following Mp but irre disappeared since then without pro- 
ducing an sexual o (ep. also Bennett in Journ. Roy 
Mieroscop. em 1897, BIL) 


199 


2. CLADOPHORACEAE. 
Pithophora, Wittr., 1877. 

*P. Kewensis, Wittr. Mon., 52. “In tank, water-lily house, Kew 
Gardens, August. "This singular plant is thought by Wittrock to 
have been an importation from oo It has not nói Seen in 
its original locality for two or three years.” (cp. Cooke, Brit. 
Freshw. Algae, 147.) I have not observed this dens during 
this summer. 

Cladophora, Kiitz., 1843. 


C. fracta, (Dillw.), Kütz. Sp. Alg., 410. Temperate house pools, 
“Bta 1901 ; laboratory tank, June, 1902 ; moat, July, 1902. 
Var. gossypina, Kitz. On the sides of a tank in house No. 8, 
September, 1902. The filaments were prese unbranched. 
This variety is new to the British Isles 

.C. erispata, (Roth.), Kiitz. Tab. Phyc., iv., t. 40, f. 1. Forming 
dull green floating masses in the lake, April, 1902 ; moat, July, 
1902; in a tank in the Herb. Dptmt., all the year round, 1902. 

C. glomerata, (Linn.), Kiitz: Tab. Phyc., iv. Frozen in the ice 
of the water- -lily pond, December, 1901. 

C. flavescens, Ag. Syst., 112. Water-lily pond, April, 1902. 

C. canalicularis, (Roth.), Kütz. Sp. Alg., 409. Side tanks of 
iteeHly house and tank in one of the pits, April, 1902; tem- 
perate house pools, May. 1902. 

Rhizoclonium, Kütz., 1843. 

R. hieroglyphicum, (4g), Kütz. Sp. Alg., 385, n. 12. Common 

rires the gardens; forming a darkish-green web on the sides 

a tank (above the tera of the Hie in one of the pits, February, 

; temperate house pools, July, 1902; streamlet in rockery, 
September, 1902 ; also abundant in the moat, April, 


Series 2. Ulothricheles. 
1. COLEOCHAETACEA E. 
Coleochaete, Bréb., 1844. 


C. scutata; Bréb. Ann. Sci. Nat., 1844, 29, t. 2. On leaves of 
Fontinalis in moat, May, 1902; on "water-plants i in the lake, June, 
1902. (ep. also Bennett, in Journ. Roy. Microscop. Soc., 1897, 
911.) 


2. CHAETOPHORACEA E. 
Aphanochaete, A. Brawn, 1851. 


A. repens, Braun Rejuv., 184. On Cladophora and Meso 
in lake, 1902 ; do: fi ae a flavescens, Ag., in — " PAE, 
A pril, 190 2; ae y, 1902; on iedipben erispata, tank, 
Herb. Dptmt., poets 1902. E 


200 
Endoderma, Lagerh., 1883. 

p. (jadinianum, Huber ?). Growing between the lamellae 
of the membrane of a Cladophora, attached to the stone-work of 
the fountain in the pond, August, 1902. It seems possible that 
this is merely a stage in the development of a Stigeoclonium. 
Young plants of this genus with a creeping basal portion, whose 
large cells very much resembled those of the Endode a, were 
common in the same locality, and belonged to Stig. nanum 
(Dillw.), Ktz. (cp. Fritsch in Beihefte. z. Bot. Centralbl. Vol. 
XIII., 380-383. Pl. XII.) 


Draparnaldia, Ag., 1824. 
D. plumosa, (Vauch.), Ag. Syst. 58. Laboratory tank, May, 


1902. "This species appeared soon after the tank had been cleaned 
ont, and was present in great abundance at that end at which the 


Chaetophora, Schrank, 1189. 


C. endiviaefolia, Ag. Syst., 28. Growing under water on the 
brickwork of the laboratory tank, February, 1902. The tank was 
cleaned out soon after this species appeared, and I did not find it 
again afterwards. 


Stigeoclonium, Kvitz., 1843. 
S. farctum, Berth., var. simplex, Fritsch Beihefte Bot. Centralbl. 
Vol. XIIL, 376, Pl. X1. i f 


: his species forms a kind of basal disc, composed of 
creeping connate branches. The vertical filaments are unbranched. 


S. tenue, Ag. Syst., 57. Attached to the sides of a tank in the 
Herb. Dptmt., February, 1902 ; pond, March, 1902 (zoospores=10p 
diameter at first, when spherical ; afterwards when elongated = 
pu xX 6,5 yp 

S. nanum, (Dillw.), Ktz, Spec. Alg., 352. Pond, May, 1902. 

S. fastigiatum (Ralfs), Kitz. Tab. Phyc., iii., £. 8, f. 1. Attached 
to filamentous Algae in lake, January, 1909. 

8. variabile, Nág. in Ktz. Spec, 352, n. 3. Victoria Regia 
tank, May-September, 1902. Not before found in this country, 


3. CHROOLEPIDACEAR. 
Chroolepus, Ag., 1824. 
, C. aureus (Linn.), Kütz. Tab. Phyc., iv., t. 93. Forming a thin, 
silky, orange-coloured stratum on the woodwork of one of the 


pits, attached to the tropical fern house (No. 2). The filaments 
abounded in sporangia, September, 1902. ' 


201 


Microthamnion, Nàg., An 


M. kützingianum, Nag. in Ktz. Spec. "m g. 392. Growing ona 
Species of Cladophora in boni in one of the pits, March, 1909 ; 
Cladophora in tank in No. 8, September, 1902. 


4. ULOTHRICHACEA EE. 
Ulothrix, Kitz., 1845. 


U. moniliformis, Kütz. Tab. Phyc., ii., t. 88. In a glass vessel in 
the Herb. Dptmt., containing a water-moss from the River Severn ; 
intermingled with Oedogonium, Mesocarpus, &c., March, 1902. 


U. zonata, Kitz. loc., cit. ii, t. 90, f. 2. Attached to old tree 
stumps in pond, Mare h, 1902. The filaments were partly engaged 
in active zoospore-formation, and such filaments were coiled 


, AN 
Alge, Ulothrix zonata, Pringsh. Jahrb. x. 1876, 6.) It is 
probable that several = the other species mentioned are only 
forms of U. zonata, Kü 


U. bicolor, Ralfs d da No. 13. On old leaves in middle 
tank of water-lily house, April, 1902; on leaves in Victoria regia 
tank, June, 1902. 


U. variabilis, Avitz. loc. cit., ii., t. 85, f. 3. Vis the outer walls of 
the palm house, forming a greenish- black scum, January, 1902; 
Queen’s Cottage "Grounds, January, 1902; on rocks, subject to the 
drip of water, in the temperate house pools, March-September, 
1902. This species is nearly always to be found accompanied by 
Protococcus viridis or Chlorococcum humicolum. 


U. tenerrima, Kiitz. loc. cit., ii, t. 87, f. 1. On ledges in palm 
house, intermingled with other Algae, March, 1902 ; tank in Herb. 
Dptmt., June, 1902. 

U. radicans, Kvitz. loc. cit., ii., t. 95, f. 3. Laboratory tank, May, 
1902. 

U. coded (Vauch), Kütz. loc. cit., ii., t. 97, f. 1. On tree 
Ma in pond, January, 1902; on walls ‘ot Aroid house (No. 1), 
March, 1902. Usually found together with members of Proto- 
sexes 


5. MICROSPORACEAE. | 
Microspora, Thur., 1851. 
*M. floccosa (Ag.), Thur. Rech., t. 17, f. 4-7. Laboratory tank 
(Massee !). 
6. ULVACEAE. 
Enteromorpha, Link, 1820. 


E. intest meen Linn ), Link Ho Ber. (1820). Common in the 
lake, where it s to appear during the month of June, and 


During the winter months the dead tubes are washed up in great 
pus on the Boro: in a more or less decayed condition. Also 
common in the moat. I have observed the same species in great 
andnod i ina backwater of the Thames near Sunbury. 


202 


Var. capillaris, Kiz. Lake, May, 1902; moat, July, 1902. 
This seems to be merely a stage in the development of the 
adult form. 


Prasiola, Ag., 1821. 

P. crispa, Kiitz. Tab. Phyc., v., t. 40, f.6. “On damp ground, 
common” (Massee ) ; Kew me near church, September, 1902 
(Darbishire !). 

Series 3. Protococcoideae. 
1. VOLVOCACEAE. 
a. Chlamydomonadeae. 
Chlamydomonas, Ehrb., 1832. 

. pulvisculus, Hhrb. Infus., 64. Plankton of lake and pond, 
April, 1902 dn D plankton of laboratory tank, April-Sep- 
tember, 1902 (mihi !). 

C. Braunii, Gorosch. in Bull. Soc. Imp. d. Nat. d. Moscou, 1890, 
No. 3, 498, &c. pay of pond, April, 1902 (Chodat !) ; plankton 

of lake, May, 1902 (mihi!). This species has not previously Pooh 
found in this country. 
Chlamydococcus, Br., 1849. 

C. pluvialis, Br. Rejuv., 206. Laboratory tank, May, 1902. 

Chlorogonium, EArb. 


C. euchlorum, Hhrb. Plankton of pond, April, 1902 (Chodat !) ; 
Victoria Regia tank, May, 1902 (mihi !). 


b. Phacoteae. 
Coccomonas, Stein, 1878. 
C. orbicularis, Stein. Pond, September, 1902. 


c. Volvoceae. 
Volvox, Linn., 1758. 


V. globator, Linn. Syst., Ed. x. Very common in plankton of 
d pond, April-August, 1902 | rare in plankton of lake, 


Eudorina, EArb., 1832. 
E. elegans, Ehrb. Monats. Berl. 1831, 78. In the plankton of 
her 


rn artificial waters, rather co ommon ; plankton of moat, May, 


203 


Pandorina, Bory, 1824. 


P. morum, Ehrb. Inf., 53, t. ii., f. 33. Common in the plankton 
of the artificial waters; not observed in the pond; resting-stage 
in water-lily pond, April, 1902; plankton of Thames, August- 
September, 1902. 


Gonium, Müller, 1773. 


G. pectorale, Müll. Vermiwm, 60. Common in the plankton of 
the artificial waters; moat, May, 1902.  Four-celled coenobia 
were very frequently observed. 


2. HYDRODICTYACEAE. 


Hydrodictyon, Roth., 1800. 

*H. reticulatum, d. )Lagerh. “Tank, Kew Gardens ; abundant 
in some years" (Bennett in Journ. Roy. Microscop. Soc. 1897, 
511); *not uncommon in the lake " (Massee !). 


Pediastrum, Meyen, 1829. 


P. boryanum, Turp. Rabh. Alg.,iii., 74. Common in the plankton 
of the artificial waters, 1902; moat, July, 1902; plankton of 
Thames, August, t, 1902. 
Var. granulatum, Kiitz. Amongst Oedogonium and Nitella 
in a glass vessel in the Herb. Dptmt., March, 1902. 


. pertusum, Kütz. Phyc. Germ., 143. Plankton of lake and 
water-lily pond, 1902 ; plankton of Thames, decus 1902 
Var. elathratum, Braun Alg. Unic 93. Plankton of 
pond, lake, and middle tank of late house (15), 1902 ; 
plankton of Thames, rere 1902. 


P. Ehrenbergii (Corda), Braun Alg. Unicell., 97, y fo: 
Moat, July, 1902; middle tank of water-lily house ibd oratory 
pond, September, 1902. 


3. TETRASPORACEAE. 
— Link., 1810. 


T. gelatinosa (Vauch.), Desv. Flor. Anger.,18. Lake, attached 
to the bottom ; common during May-July, 902. 

T. lubrica (Roth.), Ag., Spec. Alg., i., 415, n. 11. megan under 
water on the stonework of the labo oratory tank, June-July, 1902. 
This species BONS suddenly, was very common debug some 
weeks, and then disappeared again entirely. 


nanc N rA 1849. 


*A. bra a, Näg. Einz. Alg., 09, 4 iiA, Lh. *In tenk, 
attached gs a pene of Spirogyra” (Massee H. 


204 


Dictyosphaerium, Néig., 1849. 


"D. ehrenbergianum, Näg. Hinz. Alg., 13,1. ii, E. “Open-air 
tank at Kew, mixed with Spirogyra and Cladophora,” 1889. 
(Massee! cp. — Linn. Soc., vol. xxvii, 1889, 458.) Not 
observed this 
Botryococcus, Kiz., 1849. 


B. Braunii, Kiitz. Sp., 892. Plankton of Thames, August, 1902. 


4. CHLOROCOCCACEA E. 
Characium, Braun, 1847. 


C. Sie ieboldi, Brawn Alg. Unicell., 32, t. 3, f. A., 1-21. Attached 
to a species of Oedogonium, growing on the stonework of the 
fountain in the pond, May, 1902 (active zoospore-formation was 
going on); attached to a water-plant, laboratory tank, August, 
1902. 


C. tenue, Herm. in Rabh. Beitr., 26. Attached to Cladophora 
in tanks of water-lily house, April-September, 1902. 
Chlorococcum, Fries, 1825. 


C. humicolum (Nág.), Rabh. Kr. Fl. Sachs., 137. On old wood, 
Queen’s Cottage Grounds, January, 1902 ; forming a dark green 
oor of the temperate house, 1902; on old wood in bamboo 
garden, Pe 1902. Nearly always together with some Species 
of Ulothri 


C. frustulosum (Carm.), Rabh. Alg., iii., 59. Forming a pulver- 
ulent green coating on rocks in the rockery, March, 1902. 


C. murorum (Grev.), Rabh. Alg. iii, 61. On brickwork in 
tropical fern house (No. 2 anwar, 1902 ; outside walls of 
temperate house, February, 1 

9. PLEUROCOCCACEAE. 
Crucigenia, Morren, 1830. 


C. rectangularis, (Br.), Chod. Lake, September, 1902 (forma 
major ; cells 11-13 p long, 6-9 p wide). 
Actinastrum, Lagerh., 1882. 
in Ófvers. af Kgl. Vet.-Akad. Férhandl., 


A. Hantzschii, Lag. i 
1882. Isolated in water-lily pond, September, 1902 ; isolated in 
plankton of Thames, August, 1902. New for the British Isles. 


Lemmermannia, Chod., 1899. 
od. Alg. Vert. de la Suisse. Rather rare in 


L. emarginata, Ch 
M oxide and water-lily pond, September, 1902. New for the 
ritish 


205 


Tetrastrum, Chodat, 1895. 


T. staurogeniaeforme (Lemm.) Chod. Alg. Vert. de la Swisse 
Middle tank of water-lily house, July, 1902. 


Scenedesmus, Meyen, 1829. 


B. acutus, Meyen in Nov. Act., xiv. 2, 775, n. 4, t. 
f. 32. Laboratory tank, May, 1902 ; lake, June, 1902 ; kh 
of Thames, August, 1902. 

Var. obliquus, Rabh. Alg., iii, 64. Same localities as the 
species ; also moat, July, 1902. 

Var. dimorphus, Rabh. Alg., iii., 64. Side tanks of water-lily 

house, June, 1902 ; lake and water-lily pond, September, 1902. 

rvatus, Bohlin, Algen der Erst. Regnell’schen | Exped. 

asin) 23 (sep.), t. I., f. 41-44, et 52. Lake and pond, September, 


genia rectangularis, which occurred in the same water together 
with Scen. curvatus. lt seems possible that both are only forms 
of the same species, as intermediate stages were observed. 


S. quadricauda, Bréb. Alg. Falais. 66. Common in all the 
artificial waters, in the plankton and otherwise 1902; moat, May, 
1902; plankton of Thames, August, 1902 ; a glass vessel in 
the Herb. puit) March, 1902; Visitor: tik; July, 1897 
Massee !). 


Var. abundans, Kirchn. Algenfl. Schles., 98. Middle tank of 
pecus house, July, 1902 ; lake, September, 1902. 


Bystrix, Lagerh. Pediastr. Protoc. och Palmellaceer, 1882, 
E t. ii. aTe 18. Water-lily pond, September, 1902. 


Coelastrum, Näg., 1849. 


C. microporum (Ndg.), Braun As Unicell., 10. Lake and 
water-lily pond, June-September, 1902. 


Kirchneriella, Schmidle, 1893. 


K. contorta (Schmidle), Bohlin. Isolated emange Cladophora in 
pond, September, 1902. New for the British Isl 


K. lunaris (Kirchn.), Moeb. Plankton of Thames, August, 1902. 


obesa (West), Schmidle. Middle tank of water-lily house, 
July, 1902. 


Rhaphidium, Kiitz., 1845. ; 
R. polymorphuin, Fresen. in Abh. d. Senckenb. Nat. Gesellsch., ii., 
199. 
Var. € Rabh. Alg. 2 iii, 45. Isolated amongst other 


Algae in side-tanks. of water lily house, ii icine 
1902; lake, mesas 130 


206 


Var. falcatum, Rabh. loc. cit. Amongst other unicellular 
Algae on underside of leaves of Ne/umbium, water-lily house, 
June-September, 1902 (mihi !), laboratory tank, July, 1897 
(Massee 1). 

Var. sigmoideum, Rabh. loc. cit. Middle tank of water-lily 
house, TU. 1902. 

R. pyrenogerum, Chod. Alg. Vert. de la Suisse. 

Var. faleiforme, Chod. Isolated in plankton of Thames, 
August, 1902. Probably only a form of R. fasciculatum, 
possessing pyrenoids. 

Palmella, Lyngb., 1819. 

P. mucosa, Kiitz. Phyc. Gen., 172. On the stone-work of the 
louxthin in the pond, April- “May, 1902 (? erem a resting-stage 
of Chlamydomonas, or an allied genus); forming a greenish, 
slightly arent stratum on the pebbles in Mk 1 and 8, June- 
September, 1902 (?) 

Gloeocystis, Näg., 1849. 

G. ampla (Kiitz.), Rabh. Alg., , 29. With other Algae on 
outside walls of a Sear house, Kp 902. 

G. rupestris (Lyngb.), Rabh. Krypt. Flor. Sachsen, 128. On 
the rocks in the bamboo garden, March, 1902. 

nata (Huds.), Näg. Hinz. Alg., 65, F. Forming 
little var an masses d ith hor Ned 
Algae on pue ius of Aroid house (No. 1), June-September, 
1902. As far as I am aware, this xe e has not pietiiealy been 
described for the British Isles. 
Polyedrium, Näg., 1849. 

P. tetraedricum, Nig. Kinz. Alg., 84, t. iv., B., f. 3. Water-lily 
house tanks, June, 1902. 

P. hastatum, Reinsch, p Frank. 11, t. 5, f. 3. Middle 
tank of water-lily house, July, 1902 ; pond, September, 1902. 

regulare (Kiitz.), Chod. v Vert. de la Suisse. Middle 

TE of water-lily house, July. 1902. 

Forma bifurcatum, nob. Spines bifurcated at the ends. 

Same locality as the species. In my opinion, the two last- 


icum, Nàg. A large number of intermediate forms, not 
corresponding absolutely with the Mgr deese of any of these 
species, was met with. Both have, as far as I am aware, not 
yet been described for this country. 
_ *P. (Tetraédrom) longispinum (Perty), Rabh. Alg. Eur., iii., 62. 
x one loc. cit.) 
Hrpponphaese, De Bary, 1858. 
E. viridis, De Bary Conj., 56, t. viii., f. 26, 27. Laboratory tank 
(Massee D); plankton of [ee lily pond, May, 1902, isolated 
mihi !). 


207 


Pleurococcus, Meneg., 1842. 


P. vulgaris, Meneg. Nost., 38,1. 5, f. 1. Common on tree-trunks, 
walls, &c., thoughout the gardens ; ; on the tree-stumps in the pond, 
on the stone-work of Temple of Aeolus, on trunks of palms in 
temperate ge 


P. angulosus (Corda), Meneg. Nost., t. 4, f. 5. On the trunk of 
js a very damp tree, March, 1902; on stone sides of pond, March, 
1902. 


Porphyridium, Nàg., 1849. 
P. cruentum, Nag. Hinz. Alg., 71, t. iv., H. On the outside walls 


e, 1902. emp 
AC cording to Wolle (Freshwater Algue of the United State eg, 
1887, 82), this is the same as Plewrococcus miniatus (Ktz.), Nag 


VI. CYANOPHYCEAE. 
1. CHROOCOCCACEAE. 
Chroococeus, Niig., 1849. 


C. cohaerens ( Bréb.) ser Hinz. Alg., 46. On damp walls and 
flower-pots, not rare; 1902. Also found in Botanice Gardens, 
Regent’s Park (cp. Bennett, loc. cit.). 


Gloeocapsa, Kiitz., 1843. 


G. livida (Carm.), Kütz. Tab. Pha Yc., i. t. 21, f. 5. Forming a 
blackish coating on the sides of a tank in one of the pits, February, 
n : on the rocks above the water, temperate house pools, 
March, 1902; on woodwork in No. 8, and on walls in No. 13, 
ceci e 1902. 


G. caldariorum, Rabh. Alg. Eur., ii, 37. On brickwork in pit 
No. 13a, January, 1902 ; Nepenthes house, March, 1902. 


G. po eieren n Tab. Phyc., i., t. 20. serunt forming 
a hina rs Ve the rocks, March, 1902; very common on 
the walls, de. otkan (Victoria regia iri dh Nepenthes 
house, mee rie house, &c.), 1902. 


G. quaternata, Kfz. Tab. Phyc., i., t. 20, f. 1. On the stone 
sides of a tank and on woodwork in No. 14, March-September, 
1902; on walls of tropical fern house (No. 2) together with G. 
mur alis, Kütz., August, 1902. 


G. aeruginosa (Carm.), Kiitz. loc. cit., pice la J-2. Forming a 
glaucous-green incrustation on the end wall of the serene 
house, March, 1902; walls of palm house and rocky walls 
Aroid house (No. 1), March, 1902. 


G. muralis, Kiz. Tab. Phyc., i, t. 21, f. 1. On woodwork in 
No. TR Dejwdiber. 1902. New for is British Isles 


208 


G. dermochroa, Näg. Hinz. Alg., 51. On wet stones amongst 
other blue-green Algae, Victoria regia house, September, 1902. 
New for the British Isles 


G. violacea, Rabenh. Aly. Eur., ii., 41. Forming a greyish-violet 
incrustation on rocks in palm house, September, 1902. New for 
the British Isles. 


Aphanocapsa, Näg., 1849. 


A. virescens (Hass.), Rabh. Alg. Eur., ii., 48. On walls, &c., in 
pits, February-September, 1902 sete diteémingisd with other 
blue-green forms 

A. rivularis (Carm.), Rabh. loc. cit., 49. Amongst other blue- 
green Algae on wet stones in the Victori ia regia house, September, 
1902. 


Microcystis, Kitz., 1833. 


M. protogenita (Bias.), Rabh. Alg., ii., 51. oe with 
other blue-green Algae on walls of palm and Aroid (No. 1) houses, 
March, 1902; plankton of pond, September, 1902; plankton of 
Thames, August, 1902. 


M. marginata (Meneg.), Kirch. Alg. Schl., 255. Laboratory 
vank and lake, amongst filamentous Algae, 1902; amongst other 
blue-gree en Algae on n wet stones in Victoria oe house, September, 
1902 ; plankton of Thames, August, 


Clathrocystis, Henfrey, 1856. 

C. aeruginosa, Henf. Micr. Journ., 1856, 53, t. 4, f. 28-36. 
Plankion of pond, dead, April, 1902 (Chodat 4), September, 1902 
(mihi !) ; plankton of Thames, August, 1902. In this season never 
observed in any considerable quantity. 
oan apii: Näg., 1849. 

tzingianum, Nig. Hinz. Alg., 94, t. le. Plankton of lake, 
Apri il, 1902 (Chodat aa common throughout the sammer in 
plankton of lake, pond, & 
Merismopedia, Meyen, 1839. 
` M. violacea, Kütz. Spec., 472. Amongst other Algae in Victoria 
regia tank, June, 1902. 

M. glauca, Näg. Hinz. Alg., 55, t. 1, D., f. 1. Lake, pond, water- 
lily pond, May-September, 1902 ; not uncommon 
Tetrapedia, Reinsch, 1867. 

T. setigera, Archer in Grevillea, i., 46, t. 2, f. 14-17. Isolated 
amongst Cladophora i in lake, September, 1902. 

Dactylococcopsis, Hansg. 

D. raphidioides, Hansg. Prod. Alg. Böhm., ii., 139. Forma 
furcatum, nov. form. One of the pointed ends of the S-shaped 
cells often ends in two short points; chief tank of water-lily 
house, September, 1902. Species not yet described for England, 


209 


Synechococcus,. Näg., 1849. 
S. aeruginosus, Nag. Hinz. Alg., 56, t. 1, E., f. 1. 


Var. cylindricus, nov. var. Cells 4—5 » diameter, 2-6 times 
as long, often slightly bent, cylindrical, with rounded ends, 
almost pure green in c olour ; forming a dark vro, highly 


gelatinous mass on the walls of the tropical fern house, 
August, 1902. 
Gloeothece, Näg., 1849. 

G. carrier ska Lagerh. in — ait cer ie 
Vetensk.-Akad. handl., 1883, No. 2, 37-7 k ming a 
rather thick di FM fer layer on the top of a yr» an in the 
Nepenthes house, March, 1902. New for British Isles. 

G. linearis, Wiig. Hinz. Alg., 58, G. f. 2. On walls in the 
pits belonging to the Orchid add September, 1902; forms a 
dirty green to purplish, highly gelatinous stratum 

? Gloeothece fuscolutea, Ng. Hinz. Alg.,58. On the end wall of 
Nepenthes house, forming little cyst-like masses, March, 1902. 


Aphanothece, Näg., 1849. 


A. prasine, Braun in Rabh. Alg., No. 1752. About the size of 
a pea the sides of a tank in one of the pits attached to the 
Orchid i. Nintembor, 1902, 


A pallida (Ktz.), Rabenh. Krypt. Fl. 3 gest 16. On stones 
in Victoria regia house, September, 1902 ; n pits iita to 
the Orchid houses, September, 1902. I e Have this not to have 


-2. NOSTOCHINEAE. 
Nostoc, Vauch., 1803. 


*N. carneum, Ag. Syst. Alg., 22. On walls of forcing house 
(Massee !). 


N. spongiaeforme, Ag. Syst. Alg., 22. On stones in tropical fern 
house, June, 1902; on stones in Victoria regia house, September, 
902. 


N. muscorum, Ag. Disp. oa 55. Between moe on the oe of 
a pit, November, 1901. Of the same green colour as the moss and 
consequently not very Be ident vm it; ; slightly CERIANO. 


N. humifusum, Carm. Eng. Fl., ii., 399. Forming small roundish 
lumps kr lin. in diameter oa ‘the wall of a pit, November, 
1901 ; s of Aroid house (No. 1)., September, 1902; walls of 
pit Upload to tropical moat house, September, 1902. 


*N. commune, Yauch. Conf., 222, t. 16, f. 1 fide. Wright! Ihave 
not Sbaerved this in the Gardens, although it is T 
pre 


13757 0 


210 
?N. rupestre, Kitz. Spec. Alg., 296. On fani rocks amongst 
mosses in temperate house, March, 1902. 
N. macrosporum, Meneg. Mon. Nost., 116, " 14, f. 2. On damp 
Aea in the rockery, January, 1902. 
Anabaena, Bory, 1823. 


A. flos-aquae, € Tab. Phyc., i., t. 94. On lake (Massee !). 
“This in some seasons forms a black-green slimy scum on the 
surface of the sur pond” (Wright!) I observed only small 
quantities on the lake in this season, 1902. 


A. variabilis, Küfz. Phyc. Gen. Amongst other blue-green Algae 
on the stonework of the tropical fern house, June, 1902. 


A. oscillarioides, Bory Dict. Hist. Nat. Forming a compact 
bluish-green s iratum around Nitella sp. in a glass vessel in pit 
of the Herb. Dptmt., February, 1902. 

Cylindospermum (Kiitz.), Ralfs, 1850. 


*C. macrospermum, Kiitz. Tab. Phyc., i., t. 98, f. 4. “On soil of 
plant pots, Herb. Dptmt.” (Massee !). 


3. LYNGBYACEAE, 
Chamaesiphon, A. Br. et Grun., 1864. 


C. confervicola, Br. Rabenh. Alg., No. 1126. On Cladophora in 
tank in No. 8; on Rhizoclonium in streamlet in rockery, September, 


C. incrustans, Grun. in Rabh. Alg. Eur., ii, p. 149. On Oedo- 
gonium in middle tank of iasa 4 house ; on Rhizoclonium in 
streamlet in rockery, September, 1902. 


Spirulina, Link, 1834. 


S. tenuissima, Kiitz. Spec. Alg., 236. Water-lily pond, amongst 
other Algae, September, 1902. 


Oscillaria, Bosc., 1800. 

O. tenerrima, Kiitz. Tab. ee i, £. 38, f. 8. On brickwork in 
d ens fern house, January, 1902 ; ; on walls of palm house, and 
n tank in conservatory (No. 4), March, 1902 ; moat, May, 1902. 

O. leptotricha, Kiitz. Tab. Phyc., i., t. 38, f. 9. 


Var. splendida, Grev. A very fine form; in the temperate 
house pools, growing attached to the roots of a ber Apri 


? 0. ies. Carm. Harv. Phyc. Britt., t. 105 B. Forming a 
blackish-green stratum on the banks of the lake, March, 1902. 


z 211 


O. subfusca, Vawch. Con ;, 193, t. 15, f. 5.- On stonework of 
fountain i in pond, June, 

0. aerugescens, Drumm. es Nat. Hist., 1838, i, 1. Mingled 
with Ulothrix — on the rocks in "the temperate house 
pools, March, ; on rocks in Nepenthes house, forming an 
tes blackish slum, March, 1902; Victoria regia tank, June, 


0. te esl Ag. Syst. Alg., 60. On damp ground near laboratory, 
January, 1902. Also found in Bot. Gardens, Regent's Park 
(ep. Bennett, loc. cit.). 

0. limosa, Ag. Syst. Alg., 66. Moat, May, 1902. Also found in 
Botanic Gardens, Regent's Park (Bennett, t, loc. cit.) According to 
W. and G. § t (Algal Flora 7 Yorkshire, 1901) this is 
synonymous with 0. Frühlichii, Küt. 

O. irrigua, Kiitz. Phyc. Gen., P On the wall of a pit, 
Naiiba , 1901. 

O. nigra, Vauch. Conf. 192, t. 15, f. 4. Mingled with O. 
ket in laboratory tank, May, 1902 ; in dark steel-blue or 
almost black masses, attached to D yriophyllum all over the lake, 
Biber bor, 1902; also very abundant in the water-lily pond, 
September, 1902. It here forms a rae ua flaky covering all 

w 


b 
ontaining air internally and formed externally of the densely 

irte dvin filaments. These collapse at once when taken out of 
the water. 

*0. chalybea, Mert. in Jurg. Alg. In tank (Massee !). 

0. Frohlichii, Kiitz. fae Gen., 189. On earth of flower-pot in 
pit No. 134., January, 1902 ; Ae at ue pools, May, 1902 ; 
forming a blackish Stratum on the mud in Victoria regia tank, 


lack, sli 
stratum. I have -— informed that this Alga does considerable 
harm to the you g plants, especially to the prothallia ; also on 
the ashes and diat in the palin house, September, 1902. 
Phormidium, K7itz., 1843. 

P. smaragdinum, Kiitz. Tab. Phyc., i., 35, t. 49, f. vi. ing a 
dirty green rur ra hp on eg sides of a tank, eee 
hot water, in No. 5, March, 1902; on walls in pit of trop ica] fern 
house, September, 1902. eo den for the British Isles. 

Microcoleus, Desm., 1823. 

M. chthonoplastes, Thur. in Ann. Sci. Nat., 1875, 377. En- 
tangled ainongst other Algae on the banks of ‘the lake, January, 
1902 ; brickwork in private grounds, March, 1902 ; on the ground 
among moss, Herb. Dptmt., (Massee !). 

rrestris, Desm. Pl. Crypt. Exs., i. No. 55. On moist 
ground amongst Vaucheria, bamboo garden, March, 1902. i 
13757 : 02 


212 


Inactis, Kzitz., 1843. . 

ra Cresswelli, Thur. in Ann. Sci. Nat., 1875, 311. On wet 
moss in one of the pits, hone, 1902; growing in upright zellew 
bundles, about 2 mm. high. 


Lyngbya, Ag. em. Thuret, 1875. 


L. inundata (Kiitz.), Cooke Brit. Freshw. Alg., 259. Forming a 
greenish coating on the stonew ork of a tank in the private usw 
h 


house, March, 1902; common on the sides of tanks throughout 
the gardens (Victoria regia tank, Aroid house, &c.). 


L. vulgaris, Kirchn. Alg. Schl. 242. Forming a thin, papery, 
dark olive layer on the sides of a tank in the conservatory, March, 
1902; middle tank of water-lily house, September, 1902. 


. papyrina, Kirchn, Alg. Schl., 241. On the sides of a tank 
below water, pi ts of Orchid house, September, 1902. New for 
the British Isles 

L. rupestris (Ag), Cooke Brit. Freshw. Alg., 260. Forming a 
velvety green layer on the sides of a water tank above the water- 
level, pit, February, 1902; sides of Victoria regia tank, March, 
1902. 


L. solitaris (Rabh.), Kirchn. Alg. Schl., 242. Scattered amongst 
other forms on stone work in pits of Orchid house, September, 
1902. New for the British Isles. 

L. hilseana (Rabh.), Kirchn. Alg. Schl., 241. On the side of a 
tank, containing hot water, in one of the pits, October, 1902. New 
for the British Isles 

L. sudetica (Nave), Kirchn. ^e: cit., 241. Forming a dark green, 
thick, membranous stratum on the ‘ledges in No. 14, September, 
1902. New for the British lites: 

L. insignis (Thwaites). Scattered amongst Cladophora flavescens 
in water-lily pond, April, 1902 (mihi !) ; in tank (Massee !). 


Symploca, K/z., 1843. 


S. thermalis, Ktz. Phyc. Gen., 200. Growing in chinks between 

the bricks of one of the pits, October, 1902 ; forms small penicillate, 

ee tufts. As far as I am aware, this is new for the 
ritis 


Pleetonema, Thur., 1875. 
*P. Kirchneri, Cooke, Grevillea, Xi, 75. *In ornamental water. 
Pleasure grounds, Kew." (ep. Cooke, Brit. Freshw. Alg., 264 !) 
; 4. SCYTONEMACEAE. 
Scytonema, Ag., 1824. 
S. ciner Meneg. i in Kütz. Spec., 303. “ Found on the walls 


eum, 
warm houses Eit ios Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew ” (Cooke, 
d. cit, 266). This species is very common in the hotter and 


213 


damp houses, and is to be well seen in the Nepenthes house and 
in many of the pits. Its appearance is very curious, the colour 
being very like that of a Mucor. e filaments are encrusted 
with a deposit of lime, giving them a black, opaque appearance 
under the microscope. 


Symphyosiphon, Kiitz., 1843. 
S. Hoffmanni, Kiitz. Tab. Phyc., ii., t. 43, f. 3. Forming m 
tufted growths on rocks in the Nepen nthes house, March, 1902 ; 


walls in pit, April, 1902 ; amongst moss in tropical fern Rodi. 
August, 1902 


Tolypothrix, Kütz., 1843. 


T. aegagropila, Kütz. Tab. Phyc., i, t. 32, f. 3. Forming 
numerous brownish circular patches on walls in many of the 
warmer pits, October, 1902. 


V gmaea, Kiitz. Amongst other blue-green Algae on 
wet stones in Victoria regia house, September, 1902. 


Var. muscicola, Kiitz. Intermingled with Gloeocapsa cald- 
ariorum and forming a blackish-green layer on the walls in the 
Nepenthes house, March, 1902; also on rocks in the same house. 


Var. Kewensis, var.nov. Filaments only slightly branched ; 
no branch beneath most of the heterocysts. Heterocysts single, 
ow i 


slightly granular, of the same size as the neighbouring cells. 
HM cells a little shorter or longer than broad, with blue- 
n to green, granular contents; filaments at some 
distinctly, at others indistinctly, septate. Sheaths colourless 
with thickish walls, 13 » in diameter; cells 10-12 » in diame- 
ter; heterocysts have the same diameter. When still occu- 
pie ed by the filaments the sheaths are difficult to distinguish. 
p 


in the degree of branching, For umerous, small, blue- 
green tufts on mosses in the eise en house, June, 1902, 
(the eolour somewhat resembles that of d cinereum). 


T. tenuis, Ktz. Phyc. Gen., 228, n. 4. On walls in palm house, 
March, 1902 ; on 2m in stove (No. 9), September, 1902 ; forming 
a dark blue-green ratum on the ledges in the pits, attached to the 
Orchid houses, oes a 1902. 


T. Wimm — at ae pk Schl. 228. Forms a shining 
blackish ence on a ledge one of the pits attached to the 
Orchid houses, irai Pie 1902 forms a thin, dark olive stratum 
on the stone floor of Aroid Rouse (No. 1), September, 1902. New 
for the British Isles. 


5. CALOTHRICHACEA EE. 


cpi Roth., 1824. 


R. echinulata, Berk. Engl. Bot. On the stone floor of the palm 
house, and on the sides of the tanks in the water-lily house, 
September, 


214 


Leiche (Fisher), Kirchn. 


incrustation o n the sides of Hee gras out of the w water 
in the middle t tank of the water-lily house, September, 1902. This 
i w. Algae of U.S.A., 


Pd basally. The filaments were broadest at the base, but many 
them did not decrease much apically at all. These Specimens 
will be more fully discussed at another place. 


VII. BACILLARIALES. 
Rc Kiitz., 1833. 


. C. operculata (Ag.), Kitz. Bac., t. i, f. 1. Pond, iake, water-lily 
pond, May-September, 1902 ; common in the plankton 


Coscinodiscus, Hhrb., 1838. 
C. radiatus, Ehrb. Plankton of Thames at Kew, August, 1902. 
Melosira, 4g., 1824. 


M. ie n aren ) Ag. Syst., 8. Plankton of Thames at 
Kew, August, 1 


M. varians, Ay. Consp., 1830, 64. Amongst Vaucheria in moat 
all Ben sea round ; plankton of lake, June, 1902 ; middle tank of 
cin. house, September, 1902 (cells three to four times as 
long ); amongst Cladophora in tank of Herb. Dptmt., June, 
190 ; rien ed of Thames at Kew, August, 1 


M. angulata t E D Rabenh. Alg., i., 40. Plankton of Thames 
at Kew, August, 1 


Campylodiscus, Ehrb., 1841. 


C. noricus, Ehrb. Abh., 1841, 11; Plankton of Thames at Kew, 
Angust, 1902:  . 


Surirella, Turpin, 1827. 


- B. biseriata (Ehrb.), Bréb. Alg. Falaise, t. vii. Plankton of 
es at Kew, August, 1902. 


xs splendida (Ehrt.), Ktz. t. vii, 7.9. Plankton of pond, May, 
‘1902; plankton of Thames at Kew, August, 1902. 


215 


S. ovalis, Bréb. Cons. Ktz. Bac. 61, t. 30, f. 64. Amongst 
Cladophora on banks of lake, January, 1902 ; plankton of Thames 
at Kew, August, 1902. 


S. ovata, Kiz. Bac., 62, t. 1, f. 1-4. Amongst Tolypothrix and 
prie on walls of nian fern house, June, 1902. 
Cymatopleura, Sm., 1853. 


- elliptica (Breb.), Sm. Diat., i., 37, t. 10, f. 80. Moat, May, 
1902. 


C. Solea ( Bréb.), Sm. Diat., i., 36, t. 10, f. 18. Laboratory tank, 
lake, temperate house pools, May- August, 1902; plankton of 
Thames at Kew, August, 1902. 

Epithemia, Bréb., 1838. 

E. turgida (Hhrb.), Ktz. Bac., 34, t. 5, f. 14. Lake, September, 

1902. ; 


E. Westermanni (Ehrb.), Ktz. Bac., t. 5, f. 12 et., t. 30, f. 4. 
Amongst Gloeocapsa on walls a oe ca fern hou use, August » 
902; amongst blue-green Algae on stones in Victoria regia 
house, September, 1902 
Cymbella, Ag., 1830. 

C. gastroides, Kitz. Bac., 73, t. 6, f. 4b. Plankton of Thames at 
Kew, August, t, 1902. 


C. affinis, Ktz. Bac., 80, t. 6, f. 15. Laboratory tank, March, 
1902. 


C. ventricosa, Ag. Consp. crit. Diat., i, 9. Amongst Oscillaria, 
&c., on walls of pit belonging to tropical fern house, September, 
1907? ; amongst Cladophora in pit, Herb. Dptmt., September, 1902. 
Cocconema, Hirb., 1829. 

C. cymbiforme (Ktz.), Ehrh. Abh., 1835. On Cladophora, tem- 
perate house pools, March, 1902. 

C. tumidum, Bréb. in Kitz. Spec. 1849, 60. Middle tank of 
water-lily house, July, 1902 ; temperate house pools, September, 
1902. 


Encyonema, Kiz., 1834. 

E. prostratum (Berk.), Ralfs in Ann. and Mag., 182, t. 18, f. 3. 
Amongst Ulothriz i in pond, March, 1902. 
Amphora, Ehrb., 1831. 


A. coffeaeformis (Ag.), Kíz. Bac., 108, t. 5, f. 37. Amongst 
Gloeocapsa on walls of tropical fern house and of Victoria raa 
house, August, 1902. 

A. ovalis, Ktz. Bac., 107, t. 5 ^ 35 et 39. Plankton of Thames 
at Kew, v, August, 1902. 


216 


Cocconeis, Hhrb., 1835. 

C. Pediculus, Hhrb. Inf., 194. t. 21, f. 11. On Cladophora in 
tank of pit, April, 1902 ; on Rhizoclonium i in streamlet in rockery, 
September, 1902. 


C. Placentula, Harb. Inf., 194, n. 265. Laboratory tank, March, 
1902. 


Achnanthes, Bory, 1822. 


A. minutissima, Kiz. Alg. Exs. aquae dule., n. 75. On Clado- 
phora in pond and temperate house pools, Ropieuibes 1902. 


A. trinodis (Arnott), Grun. Amongst Cladophora on banks of 
lake, a 1902. As far as I am aware, this is new for the 
British Isles 
Rhoicosphenia, Grunow, 1860. 

R. curvata (Kz.), Rabenh. Alg., i., 112. 


Var. aquatica, Ktz. Growing on Cladophora giomerata Fes 
in water-lily pond, December, 1901; on Cladop n tank 
in No. " and in pond, September, 1902 ; cce tank, 
March, 1902. 

Var. salina, Kéz. On Cladophora in lake, September, 1902. 

Fragilaria (Lyngb.), Ag., 1824. 

F. capucina, Desm. ed. i, n. 453. In tank in pit of Herb. 
Dptmt. amongst Cladophora, 1902. 

F. mutabilis (Sm.), Grun. in Wien. Verh., 1862, p. 369. Plank- 
ton of Thames at Kew, August, 1902. 


F. virescens, Ralfs Ann. and Mag., xii. $4. T. a Tea May- 
September, 1902 ; plankton of Thames, August, 1 


F. Harrisonii, Sm. Diat., ii., 18. Amongst ER on banks 
of lake, January, 1902. 


Diatoma, De Candolle, 1805. 


D. Ehrenbergii, Ktz. Bac., t. 17, f. xvii. 1-3. Amongst Clado- 
phora in temperate house pools, Marais 1902. 


Rhaphoneis, Hhrb., 1844. 

R. Rhombus, Zr). Abh., 1844, p. 87. Amongst Cladophora on 
banks of lake, January, 1902; plankton of Thames at Kew, 
August, 1902, 

Synedra, EArb., 1831. 


S. longissima, Sm. Diat., i., 72, t. 12, f. 95. Plankton of pond 
April, 1902, i P Ered 


S. pulchella, Ktz. Bac., 68, t. 29 » J. 91. On Rhizoclonium in the 
streamlet in the rockery, Sept ember, 1902. - 


217 
S. Ulna, Zarb. Inf., 211, n. 295, t. 17, f. 1l. Lake, June-Septem- 
ber, 1902 ; plankton of Thames at Kew, August, 1902. 


S. splendens, K?z. Bac., 66, t. 14, f. 16. On Spirogyra, &c., in 
pots tank, on Cladophora i in lake and temperate house pools, 
August, 1902. 


B. Acus, Kitz. Bac., 68, t. 15, f. 1. Amongst Mesocarpus in lake, 
May, 1902 ; plankton of Thames at Kew, August, 1902 


Var. delicatissima, Sm. Plankton of Thames at Kew, 
August, 1902. 


Asterionella, Hassall, 1855. 


A gracillima, Heib. Consp., 68, t. 6, f. 19. Plankton of Thames 
at Kew (isolated), “ipa 1902. Abundant in plankton of Thames 
in December, 1 


Nitzschia, Hassall, 1845. 


N. Amphioxys ( Zhrb.), Sm. Diat., i., 41, t. 13, f. 105. Amongst 
Cladophora on imum of lake, January, 1902. 


N. sigmoidea (Nitzsch), Sm. Diat., i. 38, t. 13, f. 104. Lake and 
water-lily pond, September, 1902 ; plankton of Thames at Kew, 
August, 1902. 


N. linearis (Ag.), Sm. Diat., i., 39, t. 13, f. 110. Lake and water- 
lily pond, September, 1902. 


Nitzschiella, Rabenh., 1864. 


N. acicularis (Kiz.), Rabenh. Alg., i. 164. Lake and water-lily 
pond, September, 1902. 


Navieula, Bory, 1822. 


N. cuspidata, Ktz. Bac., 94, t. 3, f. 24, et 91. Amongst Oscillaria 
nigra in water-lily pond, September, 1902. 


N. elliptica, Ktz. Bac., 98, t. 30, f. 55. 


Forma minor, Rabenh. Middle tank of water-lily house, 
September, 1902. 


N. Bacillum, Eb. Mon 130, £&. 4, v., f. 8. Amongst Syne- 
chococcus and. Gloeocapsa, on walls of. tropical fern house, 
August, 1902. 


N. oe Kiz. Bac., 96, t. 21, f. 14. 


rectangularis, Rabenh. Amongst Oscillaria nigra in 
veri and water-lily pond, September, 1902. 


N. minutissima, Grun. in Wien. Verh., 1860, 552, t. 2, f. 3. 

— a mass of Huglenae on moist gravel of laboratory tank, 

ust, 1902 ; on the glass windows of many of the hotter houses 

(a. 7s , water-lily house),—almost colourless, present all the year 
nd; middle tank of water-lily house, September, 1902, 


218 


.N. amphisbaena, Bory Encycl. méth., 1824. Plankton of Thames 
at Kew, August, 1902. 

N. appendiculata, Ktz. Bac., 93, t. 3, f. 28, et. t. 4, f. land 2. Ve ery 
abundant in all the artificial —— all the year round ; present in 


enormous numbers amongst Oscillaria nigra in lake, September, 
1902. 


Fit exilis (Ktz.), Grun. loc. cit., 558, t. 2, f. 30, d-di: Amongst a 
of Euglenae on moist gravel of laboratory tank, September, 


N. angustata, Sm. Diat.,i., 52,0. 17, f. 156. Amongst MMC 
on earth of flower-pot in temperate fern house, August, 1902. 


N. dicephala, EArb. Inf., 1838, p. 185. Lake and water-lily 
pond, September, 1902. 


Forma minor (length 17 »). Middle tank of water-lily 
house and lake, September, 1902. 


Pinnularia, Ehrb., 1843. 


P. nobilis, Hhrb. Abh., 1840, 20. Middle tank of water-lily 
oue September, 1902. 


P. viridis (Ehrb.), Rabenh. Süssw. Diat., 42, t. 6, f. 4. Plank 
of Thames at Kew, August, 1902 ; side tanks of water-lily Sole 
April, 1902. 


P. radiosa (Kiz.), Rabenh. loc. cit., 43, t. 6, f. 9. Amongst 
Cladophora on banks of lake, January, 1902. 


P. viridula (Ktz.), cane, loc. ie Amongst a mass of Huglenae 
on moist gravel of laboratory tank and amongst Vaucheria on 
earth of flower pot in tentéomle fern house, September, 1902. 
Pleurosigma, Smith, 1853. 

P. attenuatum (Ktz. ), Sm. loc. cit., i, 68, PI. 22, f. 216. Moat, 
May, 1902 ; lake, September, 1902 ; plankton of Thames at Kew, 
August, 1902. 


P. acuminatum (Kfz. " Grun. in Wien. Verh., 1860. Temperate 
house p cake June, 1902; pond, September, 1902. 


Schizonema, Agardh, 1824. 


8. neglectum (Thw.), Rabenh. Alg. Eur., i., 265. Amongst 
Cladophora in temperate house pida. March, 1902. ; 


Gomphonema, Ag., 1824, 
G, tenellum, Kitz. Bac., 8, f. viii, 6 et t. 14, f. vii. 5 et €. 
h, Cladophora i in pond and S ist d tank, September, 1902. 


„G. subramosum, Ag. in Regensb. * Flora,” 1830, f.5 e£ 9. On 
Cladophora i in  waterdily pond, April, 1902. : 


219 


G. ern Ehrb. Abh., 1830. On Cladophor e, temperate 
house pools, March, 1902; on Vaucheria, lake, April, 1902 

ladophora, laborator ry tank, September, 1902 ; on phare in 
tank, Herb. Dptmt., September, 1902. 


G. acuminatum, EArb. Inf., 217, n. 308,1. 18, f. 4. On desit 
lake, Jeune 1902. 


G. intricatum, K/z. Bac., 87, t. 9, f. 4. Side tanks of water-lily 
house, April, 1902. 


Tabellaria, HArd., 1839. 


z fenestrata, (Lyngb.), Ktz. Bac., t. 17, f. 22; t, 18, f. 2 et. t. 30, 
Jd ongst Mesocarpus in lake ; also in temperate house 
pools, May, 1902 ; tank in No. 8, September, 1902; plankton of 
lake, June, 1902. 


APPENDIX. 
FLAGELLATAE. 
1. CHRYSOMONADINEAE. 
Chrysococcus, Klebs. 
C. rufescens, Klebs. Plankton of lake, April, 1902 (Chodat !) 
Dinobryon, Erb. 


D. Sertularia, ZArb. Plankton of lake and water-lily pond, 
June, 1902 ; plankton of Thames at Kew, August, 1902 
Synura, Erb. 

S. Uvella, Hhrb. Plankton of lake, April, 1902 (Chodat !). 


S. Volvox (Ehrb.) Kirchn. Plankton of water-lily pond, May, 
1902; also of lake, April, 1902; plankton of Thames, August, 
1902. 


2. CRYPTOMONADINEAE. 
TIPO Ehrbg. 
C. erosa, Ehrbg. Plankton of pond and lake, April, 1902 
(Chodat !). 
3. EUGLENINAE. 
Euglena, Ehrbg. 


E. viridis, EArb. Plankton of lake, April, 1902 (Chodat!); 
plankton of moat and laboratory tank, May, 1902; side tanks o 


220 


water-lily house, April, 1902 ; forming the greater part of a green 
scum on the lake, July, 1902 ; amongst Sphagnum in Orchid 
house, September, 1902 ; plankton of Themed at Kew, August, 
1902. 


pc Nitzsch. 


P. pleuronectes, Nitzsch. Plankton of lake, April, 1902 
(Chodat !); plan kton of moat and pond, July, 1902; amongst 
other Algae i in side tanks of koc lend house, April, 1902 ; plankton 
of Thames at Kew, August, 190 


P. longicauda, Erb. Victoria regia tank, June, 1902; pond, 
September, 1902. 


221 


APPENDIX. 


INSECTIVORA. 


Sorex vulgaris, L. “Common Shrew.” Found by Mr. George 
Nicholson, F.L.S., in Q. in 1904. 


INSECTA. 
COLEOPTERA. 


Additional list by D. Sharp, M.B., F.R S. 


ADEPHAGA. 


Notiophilus substriatus, Wat. 
Nebria brevicollis, F. 
Harpalus rufibarbis, F. 
Platyderus ruficollis, Marsh. 
Pterostichus cupreus, ZL 

P. niger, Schall. 

P. striola, F. 

Amara trivialis, Gyll. 

A. plebeia, Gyl. 

Calathus piceus, Marsh. 
Bembidium fermoratum, Sturm. 
B. littorale, Ol. 


STAPHYLINIDÆ. 


Quedius lateralis, Grav. 
Q. molochinus, Grav. 


Ocyphus olens, Müll, 


222 


CLAVICORNIA. 


Choleva velox, Spence. 
Meligethes æneus, F, 
Dermestes vulpinus, F. 


` Byrrhus pilula, L. var. 


LAMELLICORNIA, 


Aphodius fimetarius, Z. 

A. granarius, L. 

Cetonia aurata, L. 

Gnorimus nobilis, Z. The most interesting species in the whole 
list. It is rare, but w. was formerly occasionally met with near 
London. It was, however, supposed no longer to occur till a 


specimen was captured on the coat of a visitor to the North Gallery 
a few years ago. 


SERRICORNIA. 
Melanotus rufipes, Herbst, 
Athous hemorrhoidalis, 7 
Agriotes lineatus, Z. 
Telephorus rusticus, Fal. 
T. lituratus, Fall. 


LONGICORNIA. 


Gracilia minuta, F. 


RHYNCHOPHORA. 
Otiorrhynchus raueus, F. 
O. picipes, F. 
0. sulcatus, F. 
Exomias araneiformis, Schrank. 
Phyllobius argentatus, L, 


223 


Sitones hispidulus, F. 
Hypera nigrirostris, F'. 
Curculio abietis, F 


Ceuthorrhynchus contractus, Marsh. 


FUNGI. 


The following species not previously met with in Britain are 
m in the Kew Bulletin for 1897 from specimens found at 

Aseroe rubra, La Bill. Infra, pp. 108, 139. 

Botrytis corolligena, C. & M. Infra, pp. 175. 

Chitonia rubriceps, C. 4 M. Infra, pp. 103, 124. 

Clavaria kewensis, Mass. Infra, p. 137. 

Flammula purpurata, C. & M. Infra, pp. 103, 122.