NOTES = FROM THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN eal ? EDINBURGH. 7 VOL... Al. Including Numbers LI-LV. 1918-1919, With Plates CL-CLXIV. EDINBURGH;: PRINTED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF HIS MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE By NEILL & CO., LIMITED, AT 212 CAUSEWAYSIDE. Seem S Bs ERG SROSS BELEE NOTES Sees FSSS0 Fees bmp he Be ; + renee Seas ee Rea ewe es ttt baa baer ISHS MERUE KER KE RT ews + }- 4 os bed et ? t i Pott i! spees poze Rem e Poo aoe = ome A ; ee ums 5 eee Bt 3 jceane mana es + +4} ‘ Tid t yeeee eases Loe eS ewe : 4 ee ob ty ees OME | oes Be +444 +4. pie Bpace a2 an bs SOR Ce oes e2 PRES ae bu Ma toes atte ++ by Sak Me i + ; a aeaue eanee eho em noe + oe . T ° + eeenn ew Se eeren rat 2 we HM wUTTT ; + ems poo KOSES SSaRG EPaee SEES Lane KS ast : + +4 +e ce esree Berri ies eon coete cect: Tritt ae 6 riyttii tt ase Bs s +f BEE REESE Geers Stncgcace: rie beuse emacs co: PENe UERETR SSNS CARS SENE Re BH t + : et i ageeens feeessese: sitstes: ees Beene + me ++ +4. thre hp gad! 44-3 » * ; i 4144 t tf +t +t Titty if + ree | iene : + cueke + thsttttt i“ +t +t eae t ++ + pr te hg + anes | 3 r bs a ; ac keaata ee H Sea $ rt i ; ; : ; t } i aes — 26s ; t GSGE Beet e 7: - 15 SUSRSESOUy Weegeence! ie SORES oe titittss Sit } eaeeae ene 4 SOR SENSE CHOLES Ba em — ST Reawh DERDe SBE! + ~~ f ~~ - coy Sete ttHt cokes neaen seme + aa 4 ow ot "F ms mia : ee ae net eae Hf ‘ 0 ee ee be Sues a oeRy ot hee fot Sop tbetapede begat S56 nes 7 ees + : ees eoces exe att Fé. ie saegesens eenee 90 eee i Seek 90 NOTES, R.B.G., EDIN. PLATE CLVIIL oe 60 Lis -4 100 ib iis JV ai ge eee ae Ag 70 -3 Ee 70 RSE gaaES SOSEE a Hepes ested fat \ 70 —2 -t 110 110 100 100 “4 PA a PoE 90 70 70 Notes, R.B.G., EDIN. 3 fig: ‘PLATE CLIX. Regional Spread of Moisture in the Wood of Trees. I.—Deciduous-Leaved Trees during the Period late Autumn to early Spring. BY W. G. CRAIB, M.A., Lecturer on Forest Botany and Indian Forest Trees in the University of Edinburgh. With Plates CL—CLIX. RESULTS obtained from the determination of the moisture content of samples of more or less seasoned wood for the Air Board suggested problems the solution of which could be looked for only from an examination of fresh unseasoned wood. Material which might serve to clear up some of the difficulties was very fortunately to hand, for, on mentioning the matter to Professor Balfour, I was informed that preparations had been made for felling two trees—an Acer and a Platanus—in the Royal Botanic Garden that day. Both trees were placed entirely at my disposal, and, as will be mentioned later, the results obtained served to emphasise our lack of knowledge on the question of the spread of moisture in deciduous trees. Examination of some other species at this time confirmed the main results obtained from these two trees. Two possible lines of investigation suggested themselves : the examination of as large a number of deciduous trees as pos- sible in the so-called dormant or inactive condition, or con- centration on one particular species and the determination of the moisture spread at intervals throughout its leafless period. The former seemed to offer a fruitful field for study, but the latter was selected in spite of the fact that the terms dormancy or inactivity, as applied to the leafless condition of trees, suggest stagnation and would predicate no change in the moisture dis- tribution from the time of leaf-fall until the buds open, or at least until they begin to swell. The species selected for examination was Acer Pseudoplatanus. All the trees examined were grown under similar conditions in the Royal Botanic Garden, and all were about forty years old. Doubts might be raised of the expediency of basing any generali- [Notes, R.B.G., Edin., No. LI, Nov. 1918.] A We. 5637/134—500—1/19.—N. & Co., Ltd. Gp. 10. 2 CRAIB—-REGIONAL SPREAD OF MOISTURE IN Woop OF TREES. sation on results obtained from a set of trees grown under similar conditions, 7.e. subject to the same external factors. But the main conclusions of my investigation are such as appear to be independent of the influence of external factors except to the extent that the stage reached in the moisture spread at any particular time will, in an early district, be correspondingly in advance of that at the same time in a late district, 7.e. the main conclusions apply generally to the species. From such observa- tions as I have been able to make on other species of trees, I infer that my conclusions based upon Acer Pseudoplatanus _may, with but slight modifications, be regarded as applicable to most if not all broad-leaved deciduous trees here. Method of Procedure-—When the first tree was felled in October I was faced with the problem of how to utilise it to the best advantage so that (1) the results would give some satisfactory idea as to the distribution of moisture throughout the trunk, and (2) the work done on this tree might serve as a guide to the method to be followed in any similar work in the future. With these objects in view, I finally decided to use three transverse cuts from the bole (from near ground level, from near the top of the bole, and from a point nearly midway between these two) and also two transverse cuts from the crown (one from near the bottom and one from about the middle of the leader). These five cuts were all about 4 cm. thick, and were all sawn off just after the tree was felled. Of each cut I used a strip of 3-5 cm. breadth from the outside to the centre. Each of these strips was then chipped up into smaller blocks, the moisture percentage of each of which was determined separately. As already mentioned, the work done on this tree was to be regarded, to some extent at least, as experimental. How far this is the case may be understood by stating that whereas in this tree the moisture percentage of only some 66 pieces was ascertained, in the remaining trees the numbers were 278, 386, 394, and 407. Generally in these trees six transverse cuts were selected, three from the bole, as in the October tree, and three from the crown, the third one here being taken from higher up on the leader. The larger number of Pieces examined from the later trees is accounted for by two facts (1) the individual pieces were much smaller, and (2) instead of using one strip from the outside to the centre, 4 I used four strips from each transverse eat CRAIB—REGIONAL SPREAD OF MOISTURE IN Woop OF TREES. 3 The small blocks were put in a drying oven which was kept at r100-105° C., and weighed at intervals of twenty-four hours until the loss per cent. in a twenty-four hours’ period was less than 0°5 per cent. The moisture content of the original block was taken as the loss of weight in drying, and this moisture content, expressed in terms of the dry weight, was calculated separately for each block. Graphic Representation of Results (Plates CLV—CLIX).— After calculating the moisture content of a number of specimens, I decided that probably the best method of illustrating the results throughout each tree was by graphs rather than by the tabulation of series of figures. The number of rings in each of the transverse cuts is plotted horizontally (2 mm.=1I1 annual ring), and the moisture percentage vertically (I mm.=4 per cent.). - In each case the line representing the middle line of the transverse cuts is taken as a base line representing a moisture content of 80 per cent., and these base lines are spaced out pro- portionately to the distances of the transverse cuts above ground level. The points plotted are the middle points of the small blocks as determined by the number of annual rings in each. No attempt whatever has been made to give the resulting polygons the appearance of graphs, as I thought it advisable in this preliminary investigation merely to join up the actual points plotted. In examining these graphs it should be noted that whereas the general trend of the graphs is comparable, any particular series of similar points may not be strictly comparable, e.g. the first observations in the cuts of the October tree (see Plate CLV) from below upwards represent the moisture percentage of the outer one, four, six, two, and seven years’ wood respectively. In the case of the October tree (see Plate CLV), the left-hand side represents the younger wood and the right-hand side the centre of the tree. In the remaining trees (see Plates CLVI- CLIX) the oldest wood is in the centre of the graphs and the youngest wood at the right- and left-hand sides, 7.2. in the October tree the graphs represent the moisture distribution from the outside to the centre, whereas in the remaining trees they represent the distribution from the outside to the centre in two directions. Coloured Illustrations (Plates CL-CLIV).—In addition to the graphs which, as stated, give the moisture distribution through- out the trunk of the tree, an attempt has been made to show diagrammatically the stages through which each part of the trunk passes in the leafless period. The circles represent the transverse section of the trunk, and the colour distribution corresponds to the moisture distribution. It must be noted here 4 CRAIB—REGIONAL SPREAD OF MOISTURE IN Woop OF TREES. that whereas these diagrams represent the average state of the bole of the trees examined, the whole length of the bole is not necessarily at the same stage at any particular time, and in fact very seldom are even the quadrants of any one section in exactly the same phase at one time. Dates and Method of Felling Trees and of Cutting the Selected Transverse Sections.—The first tree was felled on the morning of 24th October 1917 when only a few half-withered leaves remained on the crown, 7.e. at the time when foliar activity had just ceased for the year and at the commencement of what is usually regarded as the tree-felling season. Preparatory to felling the top of the crown was taken off, as were also the main branches, the latter being sawn off at about 1 m. from the trunk. Immediately after felling the trunk was taken to a sawmill close by where the cuts selected were sawn off. The second tree was felled on 14th December 1917, in the afternoon. For convenience of felling some branches were cut off at about 1 m. from the trunk, but otherwise the tree was felled entire. Immediately after felling the bottom cut selected was sawn off. Next morning the remaining five selected cuts were sawn off, and the work of chipping up and weighing was completed on the following day. On the morning of 5th January ro18 the third tree was felled. In this case only one branch was removed preparatory to felling. Felling took place in the middle of the severe snow- storm then being experienced and during hard frost. Just after felling only the bottom selected cut was sawn off. After work was finished on this cut an examination of the tree showed that it was bleeding rather freely from the cut branch and from another near it which had been damaged in felling. On account of the bleeding I had all the remaining cuts sawn off, and these were stored in a cool place during the remaining two days neces- sary for the chipping up and weighing. As bleeding from cut branches has been mentioned, I may state that this was the only tree of the series on which bleeding from small or main branches was observed. The fourth selected tree was felled early on 4th February 1918. The tree was felled quite entire, there being in this case no necessity to remove branches preparatory to felling. All the selected cuts were sawn off immediately after felling, and no branches were removed from the crown until it was necessary to do so for sawing operations. On 23rd March 1918 the fifth tree was felled quite entire in the morning. Immediately after felling all the selected cuts were sawn off, and the work of chipping up and weighing was proceeded with continuously till finished. CRAIB—REGIONAL SPREAD OF MOISTURE IN WOOD OF TREES. 5 _ Several trees have been examined since the date of the one last referred to, and it is intended that the work should be con- tinued throughout the summer. In the meantime, however, it has been decided to publish the main results derived from the examination of the five trees enumerated. This course of action has been decided on primarily from practical considerations. Under present conditions, when all questions affecting timber are of the utmost importance, it is desirable that any new facts bearing on thesubject should be published assoon as possible, and, moreover, since the period under survey—October to March— © includes the extreme limits of what used to be regarded as the felling season, the results supply us with some definite know- ledge as to the varying moisture spread in Acer Pseudoplatanus throughout the felling season. From a more scientific point of view the course of action is based on the consideration that the five trees have been examined at various times throughout a distinct phase of the tree’s life, viz. the dormant or, as it is often loosely and erroneously called, the inactive period. .The first tree was examined at the time when foliar activity had just ceased for the year, and in the March tree the buds were almost on the point of bursting. Many problems of scientific interest have arisen in the course of the work, but discussion of these must be omitted for the present as far as possible. The main question to be dealt with in the present paper is: What is the moisture distribution in felled timber throughout the felling season? A true appreciation of these new facts and their practical bearing would appear to be desirable, if not essential, for the successful handling of timber. With this object in view, I have decided to treat the trees seriatim, giving under each tree the main results derived from its examination, and afterwards to give a summary of the main conclusions for the whole period. Results obtained from the October tree :— 1. That as regards the bole the centre ts decidedly the richest in moisture, and that as regards the crown the region of maximum content is also in the central area, but some little distance from the actual centre. 2. at the moist Pp g ce 4 3. That the outer few years’ wood contains a comparatively large amount of moisture. 4. That the percentage of moisture in the youngest wood increases upwards. : 5. That between the two regions of maximum content there is a region of lower moisture content, the moisture content, however, showing a more or less uniform increase towar ‘the centre, and - falh Z 7 i 4 6 CRAIB—REGIONAL SPREAD OF MOISTURE IN WooOD OF TREES. 6. That the lowest section shows most markedly the pronounced accumulation of moisture in the centre. Although the graphs showed a transition in the matter of moisture content, more or less easily traceable from that of the lowest to that of the highest cut, it was not quite clear how the graphs should be correlated. Imbued with the prevalent idea that the dormant condition into which a tree passes on losing its leaves presupposes practically no movement of moisture during that period, I expected to find a more or less uniform distribu- tion of moisture in the transverse sections at least of the bole. And again I could not account for the large accumulation of moisture in the centre. Was it a relic of the active season just ended, a condition which would prevail throughout dormancy, or was it the commencement of some new movement consequent on the stoppage of foliar activity ? And another phase of the problem was: Were the results obtained characteristic of the species for the time of year or rather for this particular stage in the tree’s cycle, or were they peculiar to the particular tree examined ? I had these points particularly in mind when the second tree was felled in December. From it the following main results were obtained :— rt. That the central region ts the richest in moisture. 2. That the moisture percentage of the centre increases upwards until the first cut fron: the crown is passed, and that above this there is a marked fall in moisture in that region. 3. That the younger wood 1s no longer a marked maximum area. 4. That the percentage of moisture of the extreme outside rings tends, on the whole, to increase upwards, and that this percentage is lower than in October. 5. That there are indications in the lower cuts of a new dis- position of the moisture, viz. that the region of maximum moisture 1s moving away from the centre, and | 6. That this movement is most pronounced in the lowest cut, and becomes less marked upwards. What, then, has happened between October and December ? Comparison of the two sets of graphs for these months shows that the absolute moisture content is greater in December than in October. The additional moisture is probably due to root activity, the expression of which is shown in the younger wood in October, where, as already indicated, there lies one of the regions of maximum moisture. Reduced root activity is prob- ably responsible for the lower percentages of moisture of the es younger wood in December. Transpiration is then at its minimum and say; Ad the present, be a as negligible ; ifer that transpiration in winter is w. holly” CRAIB—REGIONAL SPREAD OF MOISTURE IN WooD OF TREES. 7 negligible, but that for present purposes it is probably a negli- gible quantity. The roots being still active and transpiration being negligible, how is the additional water disposed of ? A glance at the graphs will, I think, readily answer this. It will be noticed that the graph of the fourth cut of the December tree is very similar to that of the lowest cut of the October tree, except that the percentages in the intermediate region are slightly higher. From this similarity, and from the gradations of moisture spread traceable between the first and fourth cut of the December tree, it is not unreasonable to presume that in the interval between October and December the graph of every part of the trunk up to and including the lower part of the crown would be at one time or another, though not simultaneously throughout the whole area, similar to that of the lowest cut of October or the fourth cut of December. In other words, water resulting from continued root activity is no longer required, to any great extent at least, in the crown, and is stored up in the centre of the tree until a condition represented by the lowest eraph of the October tree, but with slightly higher percentages in the intermediate region, is attained. The reason for predicat- - ing this slightly higher percentage is that from comparison with other results I believe that the October tree was felled just before storage was completed in the lower part of the bole. Before leaving the December tree we must note that both the storage of moisture in the centre of the trunk and the movement of the maximum moisture region away from the centre commence at the bottom of the trunk. Just as was the storage of moisture in the centre of the trunk in October,so was this radial movement of the maximum moisture region of which we have just seen the commencement an un- expected happening. Was there any justification for comparing the two sets of graphs and drawing conclusions from them, or did the two sets of graphs differ no more than what might be expected from any two trees taken at random ? To test the validity of the conclusions drawn from a com- . parison of results obtained from the October and December trees, the third tree was felled in the middle of January. This tree gave the following results :— : 1. That the central region is still the richest 1m moisture. 2. That, with the exception of the bottom cut, the moisture percentage of the centre increases upwards, and that this increase continues up to the top cut selected. 3. That the moisture content of the outer few years’ wood resembles that of December. 4. That, although the percentage of the extreme outsides is rather erratic, there would appear to be some relationship 8 CRAIB—REGIONAL SPREAD OF MOISTURE IN Woop OF TREES. between this percentage and the disposition of the moisture in the inner parts of any one transverse cut. Apart from this bare statement I reserve comment on the point. 5. That the movement of the maximum moisture zone away from the centre, of which we saw the commencement in the December tree, is now very pronounced, and 6. That, as before, this movement is most pronounced at the bottom of the trunk. In addition to the results summarised above, it may be noted that the examination of the January tree removed any lingering doubts as to the main conclusions being of general application to the species. Comparison of the graphs for December and January shows that in the interval the trunk as far up as the highest selected cut has completed its storage in the centre, and at the top is apparently—from the shape of the graph—already moving out of that condition. Doubts as to whether the results were applicable to the species or only to the individual were now replaced by doubts as to whether external factors were influencing the moisture distribution. The resulting graphs showed such marked in- equalities in the distribution of the moisture that there appeared some justification for the supposition that the extreme frost experienced about the time of the felling of this tree might have been acting as an arresting or retarding agent. In these circum- stances it became necessary to examine another tree. To summarise the results obtained from the February tree would be but to repeat what has been written for the January tree. One very important. result was, however, obtained, namely :— That a powerful external agent, represented by the extreme frost of January, had apparently no effect whatever on the moisture movement. d again more marked than in the January tree is the diminishing moisture content of the outer few years’ wood. To what extent would the concentration of moisture towards the outside proceed? And would it be possible to trace it before the new factor of root activity commenced ?—were questions which now suggested themselves. By this time I had formed the opinion that this stored moisture would probably not be called on until the buds had burst. In the February tree the buds had just perceptibly swollen, and, though not without some hesitation, I deemed it safe to leave the examina- tion of the next tree until the buds were just on the point of CRAIB—REGIONAL SPREAD OF MOISTURE IN WooD OF TREES. 9 As already stated, the fifth tree was felled towards the end of March. On a cut branch placed in water several buds were open on the third day after felling. Summary of results from the March tree :— 1. That the central region is practically throughout the most deficient in moisture. 2. That the moisture percentage of the centre increases upwards. 3. That the outer two years’ wood is comparatively dry, and 4. That the maximum moisture region is now most markedly on the outside, just inside the two-year-old wood. The facts which I have stated seem to justify the following statements :— With the decrease or certainly with the cessation of foliar activity for the season the tree immediately commences its preparations for the next season. The first phase of its activities is the storing up in the centre of the trunk of a large supply of moisture. This storage commences at the bottom of the trunk. Until a full explanation of the process or processes is available, it will be more convenient to designate this the storage condition. By the time that the centre has received its quota of stored moisture far up the trunk, another movement has begun causing a rearrangement of the moisture at the base of the trunk. I do not say that the two movements are absolutely independent. One may be governed by the other, but for lack of understanding of the processes involved, I find it more convenient for the present to speak of them as distinct. With this proviso, and as I interpret the phenomena, the processes may be in brief general terms stated thus :— As the result of the water moving inwards from the outer zones, beginning at the base of the trunk there is created an area of maximum moisture content in a transverse plane at the centre of the trunk. This inward current and the con- sequent plane of maximum moisture content at the centre gradually extends upwards in the trunk to the topmost region, but before this is reached and the centre of the trunk at the top of the bole has become a storage region of maximum moisture content a radial movement has begun at the bottom of the trunk which likewise progresses upwards, and through it the region of maximum moisture content passes almost to the outside of the trunk, leaving the centre as the dryest region. The movements upwards and radial, both inwards and outwards, trunk. One point which may not be without its practical bearing Io CRAIB—REGIONAL SPREAD OF MOISTURE IN Woop OF TREES. is that the bole and crown parts of the trunk are in continuity so far as these processes are concerned. The reason for ex- amining two transverse cuts from just below and just above the lowermost branches of the crown was that I had thought the branching might have some influence on the moisture dis- position. In this I was evidently mistaken, so far at least as the winter condition is concerned, for the graphs show no sudden change at the junction of crown and bole A glance at what I have spoken of as the intermediate region in the storage condition shows that in the graph it is represented almost by a straight line rising gently towards the centre. For the purposes of plotting results the units for the annual ring and for the moisture percentage were finally fixed by trial, so that this region should be represented by almost a straight line. The reason for this was that in the storage condition it was observed that this intermediate region showed a steady increase in moisture percentage towards the centre wherever the annual zones of wood were at all uniform. Higher per- centages resulted from close-grown timber and lower from faster ~ grown. Hence for evenly grown timber I believe the graph of that part would be represented by a straight line. That narrow annual rings contain higher percentages of moisture finds its counterpart in the various methods for preserving timber by impregnation, where, I believe, it has been found that more of the preservative is absorbed by narrow- than by wide- ringed wood. As already stated, this survey includes thé extreme limits of what used to be regarded as the felling season. From the time that, to use the common expression, “‘ the sap was down ”’ to the time ‘“‘ the sap was up”’ was it not generally accepted that the moisture content was uniform or nearly so? I have qualified this statement as to uniformity somewhat because increase in the total amount of moisture present in a deciduous tree in its leafless condition had already been proved.* Hartig states that the moisture-content of Birch increases from September when it is at its minimum, to March when its maximum is reached, and that in the case of Beech the month of maximum moisture-content is December. These results, it must be borne in mind, are applicable to Central Europe, and need not necessarily be absolutely true for this country. No statement was hazarded as to which part of the tree took up additional moisture or as to how this moisture once in the trunk was got rid of. The expression “the sap is down,” I think I have proved meaningless as regards Acer Pseudoplatanus at least. There is an ascent of sap throughout the season, as = * R. Hartig, Untersuch. a. d. forstbot. Inst. Miinch., 11. . CRAIB—REGIONAL SPREAD OF MOISTURE IN WOOD OF TREES. II shown by the leader some little distance behind the top of the crown not completing its storage until well on in the season. If expressions regarding the sap are to be used, they must be, in view of what I have shown, some such as “ the sap is in ”’ or “the sap is out.” During the felling season, then, trees with very varying moisture distribution are being cut down. At the beginning of the season the centre of the tree is very wet, at the end of the season there is a very wet region almost on the outside and the centre is very dry. Between these two extremes there are all the intermediate stages. Which is the best condition from the point of view of the seasoning of the timber ? Are not the main reasons for winter felling of deciduous trees simply : 1. Custom. 2. Availability of labour. 3. Absence of leaves overhead and consequent light pene- tration. 4. Damage to undergrowth reduced to a minimum, and 5. The slower seasoning of the timber and risk of cracking reduced to its minimum ? There is in this country a deeply rooted prejudice against summer felling. Asked his reasons against summer felling, a forester will usually give his individual interpretation of “ the sap is then up.” This expression has already been dealt with and no longer holds as an argument against summer felling. Though undoubtedly there is a greater supply of labour avail- able in the winter, labour has no bearing on the present question and cannot be treated of here. Long-established custom can, I am afraid, be changed only by necessity. But in the present times even this deep-rooted custom has had to yield, at least in many cases. Kiln-seasoning has now been so far perfected that, according to some authorities at least, the quality of the timber is in no way reduced by the artificial method. Does the distribution of the moisture at the time of felling afiect in any degree the successful artificial seasoning of the timber ? The first stages of the artificial method may be regarded as providing a safeguard against any defects which might otherwise arise from inequalities of moisture distribution in the untreated timber. There is one other way of regarding the results of the present investigation with respect to the popular opinion on sap i tribution. Trees at the commencement of the felling season are very wet in the centre, at the extreme end of that season the bulk of the moisture is on the outside, and during the season there are all the intermediate stages between the two. fs I2 CRAIB—REGIONAL SPREAD OF MOISTURE IN Woop OF TREES. Reasons against summer felling have been advanced based on the quality of the timber cut then. I have seen no proof that summer-felled timber is poorer in quality than winter-felled. It is possible that seasonal variations in the composition of the sap, apart altogether from the question of the amount of sap, may result in the walls of the various tissues being differently impregnated during seasoning. But such speculations lead us into the question of what seasoning really is, and what chemical reactions are involved—still a practically untouched field of study. . Having dealt with the expression “ the sap is down,’ I feel that something must be said of its companion “ the sap is up,” even although in doing so I go beyond the trees dealt with in this paper. ‘‘ The sap is up,” or, as occasionally put, “ the sap is in the bark,” refers to the condition when the bark is easily separable from the wood, and this condition of easy separation is the result of the cambium swelling up preparatory to the year’s growth. Results obtained from more recently examined trees show that for this condition it is unnecessary to predicate root activity. A more accurate expression would probably be “the sap is out in the bark.” To the practical man several queries may now suggest themselves: Are these new facts as to moisture movements to be regarded as of general application to Acer Pseudoplatanus, wherever grown? and further, Can anything be said as to other deciduous trees ? To the first query I can only reply that all the trees examined were grown under similar conditions, and that I have, therefore, no actual experimental evidence on the point. The impartial reader will, however, grant me, I think, that the results are not such as lend themselves to explanation by the bringing in of environmental factors. It has already been shown that one very potent external factor—severe frost—had apparently no effect: whatever on the movement or movements of moisture. The actual moisture percentages and the stage reached at any particular time may be, and I have little doubt will be found to be, influenced by external factors, but I see no reason what- ever for not accepting my general conclusions regarding the spread of moisture in this particular species. Do all deciduous broad-leaved trees in temperate regions behave in a similar way throughout their leafless period ? Although I believe that with slight modifications of detail the process will eventually be found to be of general application, it is yet too early to be quite positive on the point. It may be well to give such evidence as I possess which leads me to _ State this belief. CRAIB—REGIONAL SPREAD OF MOISTURE IN Woop OF TREES. 13 1. Platanus acerifolia, about forty years old, felled on the same day as the October Acer, gave the same general result as the Acer, viz. a decided accumulation of moisture in the central area, and what appeared to be the commencement of storage in this region in the two next higher cuts. The percentages were higher throughout the lowest cut, but the chief differences of detail were that there was a decline in the percentage right to the storage region, and this region was not the actual centre but some little distance out from the centre. Was the latter detail influenced by the fact that the tree had lost the top of its crown a year or two previously ? 2. Betula pubescens x verrucosa (felled 2nd January 1918) and Betula verrucosa (felled 24th January 1918) have given, as far as the results have been worked out, very similar graphs to those of the December Acer. 3. Crataegus Oxyacantha (felled 5th March 1918). Here once more I find myself wandering beyond the limits set in this paper, since the buds were just open on this tree at the time it was felled. However, the results, as far as at present available, tend to confirm the wider application of these new facts since they are similar to those of the Acer in the same condition. Of true heart-wood trees I have but scanty information. 1. A very old tree of Ulmus montana was felled in November, but unfortunately the centre was not sound. The results showed a sudden and very marked increase in moisture per- centage immediately on entering the heart-wood. 2. Quercus cerris, thirty-four years old, felled 8th March 1918, gave results which, so far as available, correspond exactly with those of the similar cuts in the December Acer. From a solitary example, and that one with only some 6 cm. of heart- wood at the base of the trunk, it would be rash to draw con- clusions, and yet the similarity of the curves suggests that in this case sap-wood and heart-wood are indistinguishable in their functions as regards storage and movement of moisture, t.e. the results gave no indications of two regions functioning - differently. From such. evidence it would be unwise.to draw inferences with regard to heart-wood trees. Arrangements have, however, been made to carry out as far as possible during this year the examination of a series of heart-wood trees on the same lines as that done for Acer. Whether heart-wood really functions uniformly with the sap-wood in these moisture movements cannot be answered until a series of some heart-wood trees has been examined. : Although this paper has been written from the more practical and utilitarian side, yet the new facts brought to light give rise 14 CRAIB—REGIONAL SPREAD OF MOISTURE IN WOOD OF TREES. to not a few points of scientific interest. The leafless periods in the deciduous tree’s life-history are usually referred to as the dormant periods. The aptness of the term “ dormant ”’ cannot be questioned, but when it is used, as it often is, to convey the meaning of inactivity it is quite wrong. Can these activities of the dormant period be explained on purely physical grounds? Why the recurring wave-like shape of the graphs ? What part does the water which is involved in starch-hydrolysis play in the results as given? Why the extremely low moisture percentage in March of the younger two years’ wood, with such large percentages just behind that region ? Since I first became cognisant of these winter activities in Acer I have wondered whether they may not help us to understand better the reasons for the plan, and more especially the arrangement of the various pits on the different tissues. Up to now explanations have always been looked for in the leaf-bearing state. Is their chief function to control summer or winter movements? Or do they function equally in both ? In conclusion I wish to express my indebtedness to those who have helped me throughout this work. Professor Balfour, F.R.S., Regius Keeper, Royal Botanic Garden, has more than encouraged me to proceed with the investigations by the very liberal way in which he has placed at my disposal any available material which would aid the investigations. To Mr R. L. Harrow, F.R.H.S., Head Gardener, Royal Botanic Garden, I am also deeply indebted for the painstaking way in which he carried out the details of felling and other operations. Mr Spiers (of Messrs Souness & Spiers) has very kindly given immediate attention to the sawing off of the transverse cuts of several of the trees. To my colleague, Mr H. F. Tagg, F.L.S., I am also indebted for his very helpful criticism, whether con- structive or destructive. To Miss L. Snelling I owe the prepara- tion of the original coloured drawings of Plates CL-CLIV. LIST OF PLATES (CL-CLIX). Illustrating Mr Craib’s paper on Moisture Spread in Acer Pseudop/atanus. PLATE bee .—Average moisture distribution in bole in Orta. Dec cea ”” ” mber. cLIl. ig re a i hay CLITA ae .. ee ngshigsh CLIV, CLV.—Moisture distribution shatnghott trunk in October. o, T. > ” Pry a” January ‘e CRAIB—REGIONAL SPREAD OF MOISTURE IN Woop OF TREES. 15 Explanation of Coloured Plates (CL-CLIV). These coloured plates, it must be borne in mind, are purely diagrammatic. The colour scheme adopted, a copy of which is found below each diagram, is as follows :— Moisture content under 60 per cent. of the dry weight of the wood—blue. Moisture content from 61-80 per cent. of the dry weight of the wood—yellow. Moisture content from 81-100 per cent. of the dry weight of the wood—grey to black. Moisture content over 100 per cent. of the dry weight of the wood—red. By the use of different shades of these four colours a nearer approximation to the actual moisture percentage can be shown ; in all four colours the deeper shading indicates a higher per- centage, the lighter shading a lower. Soon after leaf-fall (in October) the average moisture distri- bution, as seen in a transverse section from about the middle of the bole, is as shown in Plate CL. From the colour scheme it is readily seen that by far the larger portion of the section has a moisture percentage of 61-80, as indicated by the large area coloured yellow. The youngest wood—on the extreme outside—has a percentage of almost 80, and the moisture dimin- ishes from this zone to its minimum for the whole section. This minimum occurs at about 5 mm. from the outside of the plate, as indicated by the blue circle denoting a moisture percentage of just under 60. Inside, this minimum there is a gradual rise towards the centre, as shown by the more intense yellow, until near the centre, where there is a sudden rise from 81 to 100 per cent. (grey to black), which again is continued to ‘well over 100 per cent. in the very centre (red). In December (Plate CLI—which represents likewise the average moisture distribution in a transverse plane at about the middle of the bole) shades of yellow, indicating a percentage of 61-80, still predominate in the whole section. The very youngest wood—on the extreme outside—has here a slightly lower percentage than is found in October, and the percentage decreases inwards to about the same minimum region—about 5 mm. from the outside of the plate,—as noted in the previous plate. Near the centre we find the same steep rise to well over y and black succeeded by red), but the area over d) is now considerably larger than in October ; t will be noticed that within this red area the 16 CRAIB—REGIONAL SPREAD OF MOISTURE IN Woop OF TREES. highest percentage, as indicated by the deepest shading, is now some little distance from the actual centre. As compared with the preceding plate, it will be noticed that the area bounded by the minimum near the outside and the sudden rise near the centre no longer shows a gradual increase inwards, but is broken up into a series of zones of secondary maxima and minima, with percentages, however, nowhere above 80. By January (Plate CLIl—which again represents the mois- ture distribution in a transverse section from mid-bole) condi- tions have been considerably altered, as shown by the very different appearance of the diagram. The dominant yellow (61-80 per cent.) is now replaced by grey and black (81-100 per cent.). The radiation of the moisture outwards from the centre has resulted in the very centre being below 80 per cent. (yellow), in the red zone (over I00 per cent.) being very much reduced, and in the larger yellow (61-80 per cent.) area of the previous two plates being now mostly grey to black (81-100 per cent.), the two larger 81-100 per cent. areas (grey to black) being separ- ated by a zone of yellow (61-80 per cent.) in the middle. The extreme outside has here a slightly lower moisture percentage than the corresponding region in December, and, as in the re- maining plates (CLIII, CLIV), shows an increase inwards instead of a decrease, as in Plates CL and CLI. The diagram for February (Plate CLIII), illustrating in the same way the distribution of moisture at mid-bole, shows that in the interval the radiation of the moisture outwards from the centre has continued. This diagram bears the same relation- ship to Plate CLII that Plate CLIT does to Plate CLI. Whereas in Plate CLII the bulk of the moisture was still not far from the centre, this central maximum is decreasing, and the moisture is reappearing as 2 maximum towards the periphery. For the first time we find red (over 100 per cent.) appearing in the outer region. In the diagram for the moisture distribution in a transverse plane at mid-bole in March (Plate CLIV) we find that the hori- zontal spread has now gone so far that we have really almost the reverse of the conditions depicted for October (Plate CL). The lowest percentage recorded here is in the centre, which is below 60 per cent. (blue). Excluding the youngest wood, we had in October a gradual increase inwards from 60 per cent. to 80 per cent., and then a sudden increase from 80 per cent. to well over 100 per cent. in the very centre, whereas here, in March, we find a gradual increase outwards from below 60 per cent. at the very centre to 80 per cent., followed by a more marked increase from 80 per cent. to over 100 per cent. From this zone of over 100 per cent. (red) there is a sudden decrease to CRAIB—REGIONAL SPREAD OF MOISTURE IN Woop OF TREES. 17. 8o per cent., and then a more gradual decrease to almost 60 per cent. The zone occupied by this black, grey, and yellow colour- ing denoting the decrease from 100 per cent. to almost 60 per cent. would correspond roughly to the area between the mini- mum noted for October (Plate CL) and the outside. Plates CLI, CLII, and CLIII show intermediate stages in the moisture spread. Probably the best impression of what occurs in the way of moisture spread during the period under survey will be obtained from a comparison of the two extremes, as represented by the diagrams for October and March (Plates CL and CLIV respectively). The maximum region in October becomes the minimum region in March, and the minimum region of October becomes the maximum region of March: or, in terms of the colours depicted, red, indicating a moisture percentage of over 100, occurs in the centre of the trunk in October and in March only towards the periphery ; blue, indicating a moisture percentage of less than 60, occurs in the centre of the trunk in March, and in October it occupies a circle roughly about 5 mm. from the outside of Plate CL. Explanation of Graphs (Plates CLV-CLI). - Whereas the coloured plates have been designed to show the average moisture distribution as seen in a transverse plane at approximately the same level in the bole of each of the trees examined, the graphs drawn on mm. paper give the actual results of the various experiments, and show the state of the moisture distribution throughout the trunk at the selected levels. In each case metre distances above ground level are marked off vertically along the median line of the plate, and the centre line of each transverse cut examined is inserted in conformity with this scale according to its distance above ground level, as ascertained when the tree was felled. In Plate CLV each graph read horizontally gives the moisture distribution at that particular level from the youngest wood at the left-hand side of the plate to the centre of the trunk in the middle of the plate. In the remainder (Plates CLVI-CLIX) we have, read horizontally, the moisture distribution from the centre of the trunk in the middle of the graph to the outside of the trunk in two directions at the extreme right- and left-hand sides. The annual rings have been plotted horizontally (2 mm.= I year) and the moisture percentages vertically (1 mm.=2 per cent.), so that an upward tendency of the graph signifies an B 18 CRAIB—REGIONAL SPREAD OF MOISTURE IN WOOD OF TREES. | increase in moisture percentage at that place, a downward ten- dency a decrease. Further, the nearer the line approaches the vertical the more sudden is the increase or decrease, the less the line departs from the horizontal the more gradual is the increase or decrease depicted. NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. BY ProressorR BAYLEY BALFOUR, F.R.S. Il. OF the species of Rhododendron which are described in this paper, all but five have been discovered by George Forrest during his botanical exploration of Yunnan and the bordering area of S.E. Tibet in the years 1917 and 1918, and I owe to Mr J. C. Williams, of Caerhays Castle, the privilege of having them for ex- amination. They are only a portion of the novelties in Forrest's collection: A description of others will fill many subsequent pages of these “ Notes.” Forrest has been collecting on the fringe of the chief centre of Rhododendrons in Asia. ‘‘ From the collections I have made,” he writes, “ it appears fairly ce1tain that the portion of the Mekong-Salween divide adjacent to Tsarong is richer in Rhododendrons than in species of any other shrubby or herbaceous genus.” Again, writing of the distribu- tion of Rhododendrons, he says: “ The flora of South-West Szechwan (meaning any of that country lying east of longitude 100°) is poor in comparison to that of North-West Yunnan, especially in Rhododendrons. The whole lesson of my nine years’ exploration of this region is told in a very few words when speaking of that genus: Travel north-westwards and the species are ever on the increase, break eastwards or north and there is a marked decrease immediately! From some point north-east of Tsarong the genus spreads out in a fan-shaped drift south and south-east, gradually thinning off in numbers as low- lands or plains are reached.” All collections from West China confirm this broad generalisation. From the Tsarong many of the most beautiful of the Rhododendrons here described and to be described have been derived, and their habitats warrant the belief that they will be hardy in cultivation and not difficult plants to grow. It is unfortunate that for the moment Sino-Tibetan troubles make extended exploration in this rich region impossible. [Notes, R.B.G., Edin., Nos. LII-LIII, January 1919.) . Wt. 6105/142—375—8/19.—N. & Co., Ltd. Gp. 10. 20 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. The forty-five species of Rhododendron described here are :— Rhododendron Albertsenianum, G. Forrest, p. 2. Baile < » Balf-., bathyphyllum, Balf. f. et me Pie 29 t, p. 29. etna Balf. f. et Forrest, p. "48. dimitrum, Balf. f. et Forrest, p. 50. dryophyllum, Balf. f. et bei p. 58. erastum, B . et Forre . 60, ‘endoxum, Balf. f. et ae p. 62. flavorufum, io f. et Forrest, p. 65. m, G. Forrest, p. 69. leptothrium, Balf. f. et Forrest, p. 84. leucopetalum, Balf. f. et = P. 86. muliense, Balf. f. et Forrest, p. ror. orthocladum, Balf. f. et Forrest, p. 104. perulatum, Balf. f. et Eper p. 106. porphyrophyllum, Balf. f. e petals p- recurvum, alf. f. € PP Porest: p. m, Balf. f. et atl : a thyodocum, Balf. f. et Cooper, p. oe tsarongense, Balf. f. et Forrest, p. 150. BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. ae «°” Rhododendron Albertsenianum,* G. Forrest. Eglandular shrub about 2 m. high with stiff straight branches. Branches a year old about 2.5 mm. in diameter coated with a grey-white thin tomentum of floccose interwoven hairs becoming glabrescent, decorticating in the second year. Foliage-buds narrow oblong; outermost scale-leaves more or less rotundate below shortly keeled and tailed, the tail half as long as the base, outside thinly tomentose with buff-coloured interwoven hairs below, the hairs white in upper part, ciliate ; intermediate scale-leaves oblong dull crimson-coloured slightly keeled mucronate clad outside like the outermost scale-leaves, ciliate ; innermost scale-leaves ligulate-spathulate acuminate netennck in upper half, membranous ciliate as much as 4 cm. long 6mm. broad ; young leaves revolute in bud densely tomentose on both surfaces, hairs of the upper surface floccose branched from the base and upwards forming long unicellular pointed thick- walled curved and undulate branches which interlock, falling off shortly after expansion, hairs of the under surface persistent, of two kinds, rosette-hairs covered by hairs resembling those of upper surface. Leaves petiolate as much as 10.5 cm. long ; lamina leathery narrowly oblong or sublanceolate as much as 9.5 cm. long 2.5 cm. broad, obtuse with a conspicuous red- tipped mucro, margin cartilaginous nearly plane, base oblique obtuse ; upper surface olive-green somewhat shagreened (when dry) glabrescent but with vestiges of juvenile hairs particularly in groove of midrib, primary veins some 12-15 on each side slightly grooved ; under surface buff-coloured with a prominent midrib, whole surface tomentose with a bistrate indumentum, the upper stratum of hairs with a long axis and many narrow unicellular pointed curved and undulate interwoven branches forming a woolly surface at first and later more or less detersile, * Named in compliment to M. O. Albertsen, Chinese Maritime Customs. Tengyueh, to whom I am indebted for many kind services.—G. RR + Rhododendron Albertsenianum, G. Forrest. — Frutex eglandulosus ad 2 m. altus ramis strictis. Ramuli juveniles pubescentes glabrescentes mox xti igu 1- in bistato, strato supero demum detersili ; petiolus circ. 1 cm. longus indumento tenui indutus glabrescens. Flores 5-6 in umbellam dispositi; bracteae extimae candatae, interiores rotundatae apiculatae sericeae ; bracteolae ad 9 mm. longae kermesino-ros 4 5-loba ; lobi rotundati. Stamina inaequalia corolla breviora ; filamenta glabra Discus glaber Gynaeceum corollam subaequans staminibus longius; ovarium conoideum truncatum circ. 5.5 mm. longum, dense tomentosum indumenti pilis fasciatis longis ; stylus glaber. 22 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. under stratum of rosette-hairs with few broad short thin-walled vesicular branches persistent beneath the upper stratum, the midrib thinly clad with hairs; petiole about 1 cm. long more or less stout wrinkled with an indumentum like the young stems and more or less glabrescent. Inflorescence an umbel 5-6 flowered, the rhachis clad with rufous floccose greasy hairs ; flower-bud large globose ; outermost bracts like outermost scale-leaves of foliage-bud, intermediate broad rounded with short apiculus and sericeous outside and inside as much as 1.5 cm. long 1.3 cm. broad shortly fringed, innermost bracts sericeous on both sur- faces oblong-elliptic cucullate mucronate; bracteoles linear about g mm. long shorter than pedicels pilose from base ; pedicels as much as 1.8 cm. long often less, sparingly floccose, the hairs rufous greasy. Calyx conspicuous red cupular fleshy about 2.5 mm. long 5-lobed ; lobes rounded about half length of calyx floccose on back and margin. Corolla bright crimson- rose without spots or blotch about 3 ¢m. long campanulate glabrous outside and inside 5-lobed ; lobes rounded somewhat crenulate about 1.7 cm. long 2.2 cm. broad. Stames Io unequal shorter than corolla ; filaments widened to base glabrous. Disk glabrous. Gynaeceum about same length as corolla, longer than stamens; ovary about 5.5 mm. long conoid truncate grooved densely tomentose with long ascending fasciate much-branched hairs ; style glabrous forming a flat expanded lip below the discoid prominently lobed stigma. W.N.-W.-Yunnan. Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 27° 40’ N. Alt. 10,000 ft. In open forests. Shrub of 4-7 ft. Flowers bright crimson rose without markings. G. Forrest. No. 14,195. July 1917. This species resembles in its vegetative form Rh. levistratum, Balf. f. et Forrest (see p. 88), especially in the shape of the leaves, but it is a very distinct species. The conspicuous marks which distinguish it are: the absence of glands, the thin floccose indumentum of the young shoots and leaf-petioles, the rapid decortication of the branches, the crimson inner scale-leaves of the foliage-bud, the bistrate buff-coloured indumentum of which the upper stratum of long-stalked branched hairs forms a loose canopy to the lower of rosette-hairs and falls away often in older leaves, the few-flowered umbel, the pedicels sparingly floccose, the calyx with conspicuous red fleshy lobes, the glabrous corolla staminal filaments disk and style, the tomentose ov. It is one of a series of Rhododendrons that stands somewhere between the Lacteum series and the Roxieanum series, the precise limits of which we cannot define as yet. Its indumentum of the under-leaf surface is more complex than that of the Lacteum Series, ae bistrate, with the upper stratum more or less tomen- BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 23 tose, but not reaching the densely tomentose character met with in that of the Roxieanum series. av “©” Rhododendron Baileyi,* Balf. £.+ Branchlets a year old stout as much as 6 mm. in diameter densely lepidote with cinnamon-coloured scales bearing leaves at intervals throughout not clustered at top which are green above and chestnut-brown below coated with pale brown peltate discontiguous scales. Foliage-bud small with few (about 6) scale- leaves which persist for a time on the young shoot, outer ones oblong, all densely lepidote and ciliate; young foliage-leaves in bud convolute without marginal hairs. Leaves as much as 8.5 cm. long petiolate ; lamina leathery oblong-oval as much s 7 cm. long 3 cm. broad, obtuse, terminated by a prominent apicular hydathodal mucro tinted red often 1 mm. long, margin entire not recurved, base obtuse ; upper surface dark green glossy more or less coated with a bronze scurf of peltate withered scales most abundant along the grooved midrib, primary veins about on each side of midrib faintly depressed giving the convex surface of the lamina a slightly undulate appearance ; under surface pale buff-coloured with prominent midrib and somewhat partially prominent prim veins, punctulate-lepidote all over the green epidermal surface, scales of the persistent indumentum with a broad umbo and equally broad fringe, the radiating cells of the fringe projecting as rounded teeth, a few scales larger and infiltrated with brown secretion, the rest for the most part uncoloured ; petiole straight in the plane of the lamina grooved above, all over lepidote like leaf under-surface about 1.5 cm. long. Inflorescence racemose 16-flowered, rhachis pale green pedicelli erecti circ. 3.5 cm. lo i Calyx cupularis 5-lobus dense imbricatim lepidotus ; cupula circ. 1 mm. longa; lobi inaequales ad 2 mm. longi rotundati. Corolla subrotata sub bro purpurea i culata circ. 1.6 cm. longa ; tubus 5 mm. longus 4 mm. diam. extus lepidotus ; lobi 5 rotundati circ. 9 mm. longi extus lepidoti costa media conspicua. tamina ro subaequalia alterna paullo breviora, tubo corollae longi nta i . Discus paullo puberulus. Gynaeceum circ. 7 mm. longum staminibus brevius ; Ovarium translucentibus imbricatim vestitum ; stylus crassus rubro- clavatus circ. 5 mm. longus. pallide viride circ. 2 mm. longum squamis declinatus 24 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. wartily lepidote about 2.5 cm. long, lowermost flowers expanding last ; fertile bracts soon deciduous ovate acute cucullate about 1.1 cm. long, 7 mm. broad more or less membranous lepidote and hairy outside, adpressed-hairy specially towards top inside, apiculate, the apiculus somewhat hair-crested, ciliate with many short and fewer long more or less woolly hairs; bracteoles broad soon deciduous oblong about 7 mm. long 2.5 mm. broad cucullate obtuse lepidote and hairy like the bracts; pedicels erect stiff slightly nodding at the top which is not expanded and is set in the middle of the calyx, about 3.5 cm. long 1.5 mm. in diameter, pale green at the base, bright red upwards, wartily discontiguously lepidote with yellowish translucent scales show- ing a broad fringe. Calyx shallow cup-shaped densely covered with imbricate scurfy yellowish scales; cup about 1 mm. long 5-lobed ; lobes unequal, sometimes one as much as 2 mm. long the others much less, the majority small, all rounded, the large with an occasional long marginal hair. Corolla slightly fleshy about 1.6 cm. long somewhat rotate deep red-purple with darker symmetrically disposed spots on the three posterior lobes; tube wide about 5 mm. long 4 mm. in diameter, outside lepidote with yellow scales more on the posterior side, inside glabrous or slightly hairy shining paler at the throat ; lobes 5 rounded about 9 mm. long and broad with a conspicuous midrib, sparingly lepidote on back. Stamens Io subequal exceeding the corolla-tube, alternate ones slightly shorter, longest about 1 cm. long ; filaments stout red-purple, hairy above the naked base which is about 1.5 mm. long, in four posterior stamens densely hairy to 1.5 mm. from anther, in others the hairs form an annular tuft near the base ; anthers brown large 3 mm. long, 1.5 mm. broad. Disk dark green slightly puberulous below the ovary. Gynaeceum about 7 mm. long shorter than stamens; ovary pale green broadly conoid truncate-retuse about 2 mm. long, 3 mm. in diameter com- pletely covered with white translucent imbricate scales; style stout red-purple declinate about 5 mm. long, clavate and form- ing a lip under the like-coloured flat lobulate stigma. S. Tibet. Upper Nyamjang Valley. About Lat. 28° N., Long. 92° E. Alt. 10,000-14,000 ft. Capt. F. M. Bailey. No. 5. Beginning of November 1913. Captain (now Lieut.-Col.) F. M. Bailey, in course of his journey in the year 1913, when investigating the course of the Tsang- po river, gathered seeds of several species of Rhododendron, and these he generously presented to the Royal Botanic Garden, whence a distribution to other gardens was made. Plants have been raised from the seeds at Edinburgh and elsewhere. As yet only one, so far as I know, has flowered—the species described here as Rh. Baileyi. We received a truss of it from Mr J. C. BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 25 Williams of Caerhays Castle, with whom at Werrington Park it flowered in spring of 1918. Rh. Baileyi is a plant of considerable botanical interest. It belongs to the Lepidotum series by the whole form and con- struction of its flower, but it introduces us to a divergence from the well-recognised type of this series both in its foliage and inflorescence. The foliage one would not at sight suppose to belong to an ally of Rh. lepidotum—the blades of the leaves are so much larger ; and then the inflorescence is a many-flowered raceme—its axis is as much as 2.5 cm. long. Of this latter character we have a foreshadowing in the new Bhutan species Rh. thyodocum, Balf. {. et Cooper (see p. 148) ; but there 8 flowers are apparently a maximum in the raceme, and its axis does not exceed 1 cm. in length. The Lepidotum series belongs to a section of Rhododendron to which Maximowicz gave the name Osmothamnus, a name which conveys about the only character which attaches to all the species that have been included in the section—they are aromatic shrubs. The Lepidotum series is a distinct phylum, and its marks are: Twiggy aromatic shrubs, lepidote all over stems and leaves flower-pedicels calyx and outside of corolla. Foliage-leaves convolute, before expanding, ciliate with decidu- ous marginal hairs. Flowers terminal solitary or in groups of 2 to 16 umbellately or racemosely arranged. Pedicels long pushing flowers above the leaves, at first at least, thickening and elongating in fruit. Calyx-lobes lepidote fairly developed. Corolla rotate flat ; limb as much as 3 cm. across vertical when expanded ; lobes more or less rounded auricled imbricate yellow or rose-purple spotted green orange or purple ; tube cup-shaped short not bearded. Stamens 8-10 exserted shorter than corolla ; filaments villous above base and within corolla-tube. Ovary short truncate sulcate and lepidote ; style equalling or slightly longer than ovary shorter than stamens clavate deflexed purple in purple flowers, yellow-white in yellow flowers ; stigma in middle of summit of style, lobulate. Capsule (where known) oblong or elliptic or conoid short not over 6 mm. long, dehiscing by 5 valves from apex to base which is invested by persistent calyx. We know seven species in the series :-— Rh. Baileyi, Balf. £. (1919)- S. Tibet : Upper Nyamjang Valley, at, s 10,000-14,000 ft. (Bailey) Rh. elaeagnotdes, Hook. f. Sikkim, 12,000-16,000 ft. (Hooker) ; : Bhutan, 13,000-—14,000 ft. (1849) (Cooper). Rh. lepidotum, Wall. (1834)- Nepal (Wallich): Sikkim, 12,000— ee 0854) 15,000 ft. (Hooker) ; N.W. Hima- laya, 10,000-14,000 ft. ; Bhutan, II,000—14,000 ft. (Cooper). 26 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. Rh. obovatum, Hook. f. (1849). Sikkim, 12,000 ft. (Hooker). Rh. salignum, Hook. f. (1849). Sikkim, 7000 ft. (Hooker) ; Bhutan, 8000 ft. (Cooper). Rh. sinolepidotum, Balf. f. Yunnan (Delavay); E.N.-W.-Yun- 7). ece . (Forrest). Rh. thyodocum, Balf. f. et finer 12,000—14,000 ft. (Cooper). Cooper (1919). All of them, excepting perhaps RA. thyodocum, are in cultivation. A critical account of these species must be reserved for another occasion. As matter of fact, there are points in the life-history of some of them which require further examination in the living plants. The following key for identification of the species may be useful :— 1. Leaves small, under long and broad. lowers in ances umbels. A. Leaves obovate. (a) Corolla yellow, iain 30 sag lobes unded, 3-nerved - elaeagnotdes. 2. Leaves medium, Fob er 1.5 cm. long, under I cm. broad. aie in 1-3-flowered els. B. Leaves _oblong or elliptic-oblong, about wice as long as broa (6) Corolla neaserplen? red-spotted ; lobes escl ng from base of lobes or near “it sinolepidotum. C. Leaves lanceolate, thrice as long as broad. (c) Corolla EES ook green-spotted ; obes pointed, 3-nerved salignum. (dz) Corolla rceuverple: dark-spotted; lobes rounded, 3-nerved lepidotum. 3- Leaves large, over 2 cm. long, over I cm. broad. Corolla purple, dark-spotted lobes Soeiacedl 3-nerved : obovatum. (f) Flowers in a ra cemose truss up 8-flowered. Corolla purple, aie: spotted ; lobes rounded, lateral veins deliquescing from base or near it thyodocum. E. Leaves ——— up to 8.5 cm. long, 3 cm. road (g) Flowers in piste pean (16) racemes. Corolla deep -purple, darker- spotted ; lobes nies, lateral veins re deliquescing from base or nearit . Bailey. Se PL, BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. a O - Rhododendron bathyphyllum,* Balf. f. et Forrest.f Shrub a little over 1 m. high with stout branches about 5 mm. in diameter when a year old, densely tomentose with a thick rust-coloured indumentum which persists more or less, becoming dirty grey on the older parts of branches, the scale- leaves of the foliage-bud not persisting after the first year, the foliage-leaves persisting for several years. Foliage-bud large globose ; outer scale-leaves crustaceous large rotundate carinate more or less apiculate and slightly puberulous outside but rufously tomentose around the apiculus, ciliate ; inner scale- leaves m@émbranous yellow with tints of brown obovate or oblong- spathulate obtuse or rounded and mucronulate, inside more or less hairy with simple and branched hairs, outside silkily hairy and glandular above the middle, glands ovoid red shortly stalked, densely tomentose and glandular on the mucro, ciliate ; young foliage-leaves revolute, upper surface densely clad with caducous white hairs of 3-5 pointed branches proceeding from a common base. Leaves petiolate about 8 cm. long ; lamina very thick and leathery oblong as much as 7 cm. long 2.5 cm. broad obtuse, tip recurved and the small tuberculate mucro hidden in a down- wardly turned apical depression, margin revolute, base obtuse or rounded, with the lobes imbricate over the petiole; upper surface mat green slightly rugulose and shagreened (when dry), glabrescent but more or less showing the remains of juvenile allen hairs and also glands particularly on the midrib and primary veiris, midrib grooved, primary veins as many as I4 on each side faintly grooved; under surface densely brightly ferruginously tomentose, the very broad midrib showing at the revoluta, margine revoluta, basi obtusa vel rotundata ; supra rugulosa costa media venisque primariis (ad 14) sulcatis, pilorum et glandularum juvenilium escens; infra laete ferruginea densissime tomentosa costa indumento elevata, indumenti pilis biformibus ; petiolus crassus ad 1 cm. longus dense tomentosus. minusve persistentes, intimae tomentosae ; bracteolae filiformes 1 Pp pedicellos subaequantes; pedicelli ad 1.4 cm. longi floccoso-pubescentes saepe la entes. irc : vix . lon: C cm 5-loba; lobi subaequales. Stamina 10 inaequalia corolla breviora; filamen pubescentia. Discus puberulus. Gynaeceum circ. 2 cm. longum staminibus longius ; ovarium circ. 3 mm. longum dense tomentosum eglandulosum ; stylus 28 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. base through the thick tomentum, tomentum persistent biform, of long hairs with a rhachis two or three cells thick branching freely—the branches vesicular thin-walled curling and interweav- ing—mixed with hairs likewise curling but without the strong shaft of the long hairs ; petiole stout about I cm. long 3.5 mm. in diameter grooved above, completely enwrapped in the thick ferruginous indumentum. Flowers in a terminal about 12- flowered umbel ; bracts persistent more or less during flowering shaped like the scale-leaves of foliage-bud only larger, inner ones densely silkily tomentose on both sides ; bracteoles filiform as long as or longer than pedicels pilose from the base ¢ pedicels at most 1.4 cm. long more or less floccose but glabrescent often showing only a few hairs, eglandular. Calyx with a dark red fleshy cup bearing 5 unequal lobes; posterior lobes lanceolate acuminate about 5 mm. long, antero-lateral deltoid short about 1.5 mm. long, all glabrous but with red floccose cilia on the margins. Corolla campanulate thin markedly oblique white with many crimson spots over the posterior side about 4 cm. long slightly 5-gibbous glabrous inside and outside with faint imperfect basal interpetaline septa inside, 5-lobed (sometimes 6-lobed) ; lobes rounded emarginate crenulate posterior largest about 1.2 cm. long and 1.8 cm. broad, other lobes narrower. Stamens I0 un- equal shorter than corolla, longest about 1.9 cm. long with brown anther about 2 mm. long, shortest about 1.5 cm. long with anther about 1.5 mm. long; filaments widened downwards, at the very base naked or almost so over about I mm. then pubescent with longish hairs upwards to middle, or beyond it in shorter stamens. Disk green finely puberulous below ovary. Gynaeceum about 2 cm. long about equal to or only slightly exceeding the longest stamens; ovary about 3 mm. long conoid truncate grooved completely covered by a pinkish tomentose indumentum of . stiff single or fasciately-branched pointed hairs with thick walls, eglandular, sometimes becoming bare of hairs towards the top; style reddened glabrous hardly widened beneath the medium- sized discoid lobulate lipped stigma. S.E. Tibet. On Ka-gwr-pw, Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28° 30’ N. Alt. 13,000 ft. On rocky slopes. Shrub of 4-5 ft. Flowers white with copious crimson markings. G. Forrest. No. 14,718. Aug. 1917. This plant looks like one of the Roxieanum series trying to become something else. The bright rusty-coloured tomentum on the under surface of the narrow oblong recurved leaves suggests the Roxieanum series, but the stems are not covered by the persistent scale-leaves of the foliage-buds, nor are the leaves densely aggregated on short annual growths as is usual in the series. The hairs of its indumentum of the under-leaf surface ue BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON,. 29 resemble those of Rh. comisteum, Balf. f. et Forrest, which is placed in the Roxieanum series, although the hairs are not quite those of the type of the series. Then its glandular inner scale- leaves, long bracteoles, dense terminal inflorescence, white corolla with crimson markings, puberulous stamens, tomentose ovary and glabrous style are all characters found more or less in the Roxie- anum series, but its calyx is different, as is the oblique corolla. It is not quite the Roxieanum type as exhibited by Rh. Roxte- anum, Forrest et W. W. Sm., Rh. recurvum, Balf. f. et Forrest, and Rh. proteoides, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm., but is on the fringe of that series Forrest has recently tapped a region in which there is a great development of species which are extremely alike in flower- character but in foliage show slight variation in form along with marked difference in construction of indumentum, although to casual observation the similarity is great. At one extreme are forms like Rh. lactewm, Franch. and Rh. Tratllianum, Forrest et W. W. Sm., with their unistrate suéde-surfaced indumentum, and at the other species like those of the Roxieanum series, with a well-developed bistrate woolly tomentum. Between come forms grading to each extreme, the elucidation of which is far from being accomplished as yet, though several of the species are described in these pages. Rh. bathyphyllum is one of them. Rhododendron calvescens,* Balf. f. et Forrest.f Shrub m. high with few medium-thick branches. Branchlets of the year completely enclosed in a pale-coloured detersile tomentum of floccose hairs mixed with an under- stratum of red ovoid shortly-stalked glands very soon shed, branchlets a year old naked or nearly so slightly red not glossy, older branches grey and soon decorticating. Foliage-bud unknown; young unfolding leaves revolute, on both surfaces * calvescens, becoming bald—in allusion to the rapid disappearance of the hairs and glands which cover the juvenile parts. } Rhododendron calvescens, Balf. f. et Forrest —Frutex ad 2 m. altus ramis juvenilibus dense floccosis et rubro-glandulosis, senioribus glabrescentibus. Folia i - lamina coriacea oblongo-ovalis ad 3 cm. lata apiculata, e paullo revoluta, basi truncatula vel cordulata ; supra opaca glabrescems pilorum glandularumque vestigiis plus minusve notata ; infra rufo-brunnea indu- mento detersili e glandulis rubris et floccis al ee emer ores evioribus composito uw a pallide roseo- pr ula ; petiolus si, Pa Inflores aa circ. 8-flora racemoso-umbellata ; pedicelli ad 1.3 cm. longi —, et floccosi. Calyx parvus succulentus ae ae lobi rotundati vix -5 mm. longi eadulobo-fihbeiatl Corolla campanulata ci 3-5 cm. longa intus puberula extus glabra 5-loba ; lobi rotundati circ. 1.8 cm. . a ro inaequalia corolla breviora ; basi ad ovarii verti- cem puberula. Disc us glaber. Gynaeceum corollam subaequans ; arium conoideum Hv ee circ. 7 mm. floccosum et aE RE, Veaylis glaber sub stigmate lobulato in discum expansus. 30 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. pubescent with floccose hairs fewer on upper surface mixed with red glands, more on lower, the hairs long with pluricellular stipe much branched interwoven particularly on lower surface. Leaves petiolate as much as Io cm. long; lamina of parchment- consistence oblong-oval as much as 9 cm. long, 3 cm. broad, obtuse with a prominent apiculus ending in a red hydathodal tubercle, margin cartilaginous slightly recurved, base trunculate or cor- dulate occasionally rounded only; upper surface olive-green mat shagreened (when dry) glabrous but for traces of juvenile hairs and of withered ones in the groove of the midrib, primary veins about 12 on each side hardly visible ; under surface paler with prominent pink-tinted midrib and slightly raised reddish primary veins, the midrib bearing a few short red glands, rest of the surface coated with a thin rufescent detersile indumentum, the long-branched juvenile hairs now infiltrated with red secre- tion and agglutinated in small rufous tufts, the intervals between occupied by shorter floccose hairs and many short red ovoid glands ; petiole about 1 cm. long stout wrinkled glabrescent with traces of floccose hairs and red glands. Flowers about 8 in a short racemose umbel, rhachis floccose about 5 mm. long; bracts and bracteoles unknown ; pedicels about 1.3 cm. long expanding into an oblique anthopode, elongating in fruit, strict pale green glandular with long-stalked red ovoid glands mixed sometimes with floccose red greasy hairs especially at top and bottom. Calyx small cupular 5-lobed fleshy about 1 mm. long glandular with red shortly-stalked glands; lobes rounded red- gland-fringed. Corolla campanulate rose without blotch or spots about 3.5 cm. long puberulous inside, glabrous outside 5-lobed ; lobes rounded about 1.8 cm. broad and long emargi- nate. Stamens 10 unequal shorter than corolla, longer about 2.5 cm. long with anther 2 mm. long, shorter 1.2 cm. long with anther 1.5 mm. long; filaments slightly widened down- wards, from the base upwards puberulous, in shorter stamens to about middle. Disk glabrous. Gynaeceum longer than stamens about same length as corolla; ovary conoid truncate about 7 mm. long grooved clad with rufous long setulose ascending hairs mixed with short-stalked stout orange-coloured or red glands ; style stout glabrous expanded at top into a disk forming a lip to the lobulate discoid stigma. Capsule oblique to pedicel slightly curved about 2 cm. long 5 mm. in diameter black or dark brown somewhat scabrid, splitting by 5 valves from apex leaving a narrow stylopod, style persistent in fruit, calyx a fleshy basal ring; seeds pale chestnut-brown scimitar-shaped about 2.25 mm. long .75 mm. across, testa striate not winged, chalazal end apiculate funicular with a fringed aril S.E. Tibet. Tsarong. On Doker-la, Mekong-Salween divide. é BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 31 Lat. 28° 20’-N. Alt. 11,000 ft. In open thickets. Shrub of 4-6 ft. Flowers rose without markings. G. Forrest. No. 14,331. July 1917; in fruit. No. 14,775. Sept. 1917. A species clearly marked by the indumentum of the leaf underside. The surface appears to be dotted all over at intervals with little rufous-brown tufts of tomentum standing up from a uniform rufous-brown surface, whilst some places are bare of them and show a mat-green epidermal surface. From these bare places the tufts have fallen, and also more or less the shorter floccose rufous-brown hairs which give the uniform tint to the whole leaf under surface. The indumentum may in this adult state be spoken of as biform and bistrate, and it is developed in the following way. The young unfolding leaf has the whole under-leaf surface, enwrapped as it is by the revolute laminar halves, clad closely but not densely with whitish hairs of a distinctive kind. They have long many-celled stalks, the cells of the stalks much elongated, and then they branch, producing always two or three cylindric unicellular stoutish branches at each branching ; the branches ascend and slightly diverge, and then again branch in like manner, and their progeny branch, so that a long-branched hair is formed. Some hairs have their branching apparently restricted, and are therefore shorter. Mixed with the hairs are many greasy red short-stalked ovoid glands. Very soon after unfolding of the leaf the contents of these hairs long and short become red and the hairs look greasy, then the long branching hairs become agglutinated in groups and dry up to form the little rufous-brown tufts, the other shorter hairs between forming the general surface covering. In some old leaves the whole indumentum may have been removed, leaving the mat- green epidermal surface which often becomes a pale brown colour. The plant with its trunculate or cordulate oblong - oval apiculate leaves, glandular pedicels, floccose and glandular ovary with glabrous style, seems to have affinity with those species which I have brought together in the series Selense,* and I have little doubt about their relationship. The development of the under-leaf indumentum is, however, much greater than in other species of the series, where cauliflower glands and few shortly-branched floccose hairs are its maximum development. The series is apparently a prominent type on the Mekong-Salween divide in the extreme N.W. of Yunnan and in the Tsarong, the adjacent region of S.E. Tibet. * See Notes, R.B.G., Edin., x (1917), 97- 32 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. Rhododendron cheilanthum,* Balf. f. et Forrest.t Woody shrub about 1 m. high much branched with ascending branches, annual increments short. Branches a year old about 2 mm. in diameter furfuraceously lepidote with crowded brown stalked peltate concave scales which become warts (either entire or the stalks only) on the older grey branchlets. Foliage- buds oblong-ovoid; outermost scale-leaves thick elongate- triangular or oblong acute about 4 mm. long furfuraceously brown-lepidote outside, sericeous and lepidote inside, setulose- ciliate ; intermediate 4 mm. pergamentaceous broadly ovate or rounded apiculate slightly, keeled straw-coloured lepidote and puberulous outside, sericeous at top inside, ciliate; innermost oblong or obcuneate truncate apiculate cucullate about 5.5 mm. long 2.5 mm. broad lepidote and puberulous on back, sericeous at top inside, pectinately scediscsediatae young foliage-leaves densely white-lepidote on both sides with some hairs on midrib above and on margin at base; petiole grooved and puberulous and with a few marginal setulose hairs. Leaves petiolate as much as 2.5 cm. long; lamina thickly leathery oblong-oval or oval or oboval as much as 2.2 cm. I cm. broad usually less, apex rounded shortly mucronulate the tuberculate mucro usually recurved, margin slightly recurved roughened sometimes ciliate at base, base cuneate ; upper surface opaque dark-green but with a greyish surface from many withered discontiguous though Sast-cet peltate uniform scales, the umbo of the scales broad * yeidos, a lip—in allusion to the flower-shape, + Rhododendron cheilanthum, Balf. f. et Forrest—Frutex lignosus a altus multo ramosus. Rami annotini circ. 2 mm. diam. noe brunneis ain tatis uniformibus furfuracei, * ealantioces verruculosi. Alabastrorum perulae extimae elongato-triangular runneo-furfuraceae - isthanscilgine i oblongae vel obcuneatae apiculatae extus lepidotae et puberulae setuloso-ciliatae ; folia juvenilia supra ad costam mediam plus minusve puberula margine basim versus ciliata. Folia petiolata ad 2.5 cm. longa; lamina crasse coriacea oblongo- ovalis vel ovals vel obovalis ad 2.2 cm. eee! 1 cm. lata apice rotundata breviter mucronulata mucrone decurvato, margine asperulata, basi cuneata ; supra opaca atroviridis squamis discontiguis. siccis albidis uniformibus grisea ; infra pallide fulva nitens squamis contiguis uniformibus concoloribus vestita, costa media et puberuli. Corolla rosea zygomorpha vix 2 cm. longa extus epilosa lepidota ; tubus circ. 6 mm. longus; lobi postici longiores circ. 6 mm. longi 8 mm. lati Stamina ro inaequalia corollam subaequantia alternatim Tiago et breviora ; — puberula. Discus puberulus. Gynaeceum cennties omnes . cod < cite long a ro aaa quans sepia basi puberulus. Capsula oblongo-ovoidea circ. 9 mm. ‘longa 4 mm, lata pallide brunnea lepidota calyce plus minusve inclusa ab apice ad medium valvis ae Semina complanata oblonga circ. 1 mm. longa exalata et exarillata. BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 33 usually infiltrated with pale yellow secretion not scintillating, the fringe translucent equally broad, interval between the scales less than diameter of scales, midrib grooved lined at base with a few short hairs ; under surface pale buff-coloured smooth some- scales: lobes thin pale membranous at margin, greenish or about 4 mm. long 1.5 mm. broad, posterior sometimes a little longer than anterior, obtuse or rounded at apex densely and whitely lepidote with large scales along middle of back and there puberulous at the sides, inside faintly puberulous at base, margin and apex fringed and woolly-ciliate. Corolla deep rose-colour slightly zygomorphous under 2 cm. long, epilose outside and lepidote; tube slightly widening upwards about 6 mm. long slightly puberulous inside expanding into an openly funnel- shaped somewhat unequally 5-lobed limb more erect on the posterior side spreading anteriorly ; lobes more or less oval or subelliptic slightly crenulate, posterior ones about 6 mm, long 8 mm. broad, anterior longer and narrower, on the middle of the outer surface clad with large peltate scales. Stamens 10 about equal in length to corolla alternately long and short, longer about 2 cm. long with ovoid anther pale ochre-coloured about 1 mm. long, shorter about I.3 cm. long ; filaments slightly expanded downwards, naked at the base over 2 mm., puberulous 34 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. upwards through sometimes as much as one-third the length. Disk puberulous on ridges. Gynaeceum under 2 cm. long about equalling corolla and stamens ; ovary about 1.5 mm. long ovoid truncate grooved lepidote with translucent yellowish imbricate peltate scales epilose ; style tinted pink sparsely puberulous at the base slightly expanded under the discoid lobulate lipped stigma. Capsule pale brown densely lepidote oblong-ovoid as much as 9 mm. long and 4 mm. in diameter enclosed in lower half by the persistent calyx, dehiscing from apex to about middle by 5 valves. Seeds flattened oblong about 1 mm. long bright brown, integument striate, without wings or chalazal or funi- cular arils. E.N.-W.-Yunnan. Mountains in the N.E. of the Yangtze bend. Open scrub. Lat. 27° 45’ N. Alt. 10,000-11,000 ft. Shrub of 3-4 ft. Flowers deep rose. G. Forrest. No. 10,435, July 1913; in open situations amongst scrub. Alt. 11,000 ft. In fruit. G. Forrest. No. 11,736. Oct. 1913. From seed collected by Forrest in 1913 under No. 11,736 seedlings have been raised but have not yet flowered. This Forrestian plant belongs to that set of the Lapponicum series in which the under-leaf indumentum is composed of large uniform scales contiguous and concolorous giving a pale buff or tawny surface to the leaf. Of species showing the character Rh. cuneatum, W. W. Sm. is its nearest ally. The forms of that species have yet to be worked out. Its type was collected by Forrest on the eastern flank of the Likiang Range and later gatherings seem to show that the plant is somewhat variable. As a species Rh. cheilanthum can be readily diagnosed from Rh. cuneatum by the broad rounded apex of the smaller leaves bearing a small tuberculate mucro which is usually deflexed and hidden under the lamina, by the much brighter sheen of the indumentum and by the much smaller flowers—the corolla being under 2 cm. long whilst that of Rh. cuneatum is about 3 cm. long. The style in Rh. cheilanthum is also only about the length of the corolla and not as in Rh. cuneatum much longer than the corolla. The style in both is puberulous at the base. I was wrong in speaking of the glabrous style of Rh. cuneatum in a previous paper.* In the young leaves there is a difference. Whilst in Rh. cuneatum they are epilose in Rh. cheilanthum there are some hairs on the upper midrib and groove of the petiole and on the leaf-margin at the base. These marginal hairs may persist for a time and the newly unfolded leaves may therefore be ciliate at the base. * Notes, R.B.G., Edin., ix (1916), 312. BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 35 Bhododendron citriniflorum, Balf. f. et Forrest.* Dwarf shrub about 1 m. high with many straight branches at first about 3 mm. in diameter and tomentose with branched interlocking closely adpressed hairs, annual growths short, each growth about 2.5 cm. long producing some 3-4 leaves rosette- fashion at the top which persist for 2-3 years and when they fall leave a nodular swelling on the stem marking top of the annual growth, bare below but girt at the base with the persistent outermost scale-leaves of the foliage-bud which remain for several years. Outermost persistent scale-leaves of the foliage-bud few (5-6), crustaceous oval or elliptic or oblong apiculate or tailed tomentose along the midrib outside, the apiculus densely clad with rufous hairs, margin floccose-ciliate ; inner scale-leaves ligulate mucronulate membranous longest about 2 cm. long 4 mm. broad yellowish with long marginal cilia, rufously hairy at the mucro ; young foliage-leaves revolute floccose on upper surface the hairs falling as the leaf opens. Leaves petiolate as much as 6cm. long; lamina thickly leathery obovate or oblong-obovate as much as 5.5 cm. long 2.5 cm. broad obtuse with a rounded hydathodal red mucro, margin cartilaginous plane, base pro- longed as a narrow wing upon the petiole; upper surface olive-green mat, glabrescent but with traces of the juvenile under surface fawn-coloured, with a raised slightly pink-tinted and sparingly floccose midrib, rest of venation hidden by a dense bistrate soft not crustaceous indumentum, hairs of the upper stratum with stout bare stems branching tree-fashion into * Rhododendron citrinifiorum, i tenues pili essis detersilibus tomentosi, ad apicem folia 3-4 rosulatim gerentes alabastrorum pé m. longa ; lamina crasse coriacea obovata vel oblongo-obovata ad 5.5 cm. longa 2.5. cm. lata obtusa mucronulata, margin plana, basi obtusa in alam ang a. petiolarem prolongata ; supra olivacea opaca costa media et venis primariis = venis ultimis occultis, glal ipil '; infra subpallide fulva indumento bistrato dense vestita, ramisque elongatis, strati inferi i ndulis intermixtis; petiolus ci - 5 mm. longus tomentosus § ineari-clavatae brunneae a s) cupularis 5-lobus circ. 3 mm. longus; cupula setuloso-glandulosa_ et floccosa ; i i vel deltoidei vel rotundati virides extus glabri margine setuloso-° lobi ovati glandulosi. Corolla campanulata laete citrina ad 4 cm. longa ; tubus basi septis i pletis 5 ornatus extus intusque glaber ; lobi 5 emarginati. Stamina ae) inaequalia corolla € ue breviora ; menta basi puberula. Discus gynaec : glaber. Gynaeceum circ. 3 cm. longum corolla brevius; ovarium circ. 4 longum ovoideum pilis floccosis et glandulis setulosis dense vestitum; stylus B 36 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. narrow pointed branches, the branches interlocking and covering the under stratum of rosulate hairs with broader vesicular branches, eglandular—(sometimes the hairs are throughout or in part invaded by a fungus with brown-black mycelium to an extent so great as to give the whole under-leaf tomentum a black or grey-brown colour) ; petiole about 5 mm. long, grooved above tomentose at first, glabrescent. Flowers in a 4—6-flowered ter- minal true umbel; bracts unknown; bracteoles linear-clavate brown about 8 mm. long sparingly and shortly hairy ; pedicels as much as 3 cm. long strict ascending expanding below the calyx woolly with a bistrate fulvous indumentum, upper stratum of long setose hairs ending each in a clavate gland mixed with hairs having a long axis and producing many short erect branches, under stratum of rosette-hairs. Calyx cupular about 3 mm. long; cup outside setulose and floccose like the pedicels ; lobes 5 rounded ovate or deltoid green or coloured membranous about 1.5 mm. long equalling the cup glabrous outside margin fringed and ciliate with long setulose glands. Corolla bright lemon- yellow without blotch or spots about 4 cm. long campanulate fleshy below with 5 imperfect interpetaline septa 5-gibbous retuse glabrous outside and inside; lobes 5 semi-lunate, about 1.5 cm. long and 2.6 cm. broad emarginate crenulate. Stamens 10 unequal shorter than corolla, longest about 2.5 cm. long with dark brown anther about 2 mm. long, shortest about 1.8 cm. long with anther 1.5 mm. long; filaments pale yellow widened to base which is coloured orange, from the base finely puberulous to middle of shortest stamens. Disk glabrous dark purple- coloured. Gynaeceum about 3 cm. long shorter than corolla longer than stamens; ovary about 4 mm. long grooved ovoid truncate densely tomentose with an indumentum of floccose golden-yellow hairs and many setulose glands; style glabrous pale yellow clavate under the flat broad lobulate lipped stigma. W.N.-W.-Yunnan. Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28° 12’ N. Alt. 13,000 ft. On rocks and cliffs. Shrub of 2 ft. Flowers soft rose without markings. G. Forrest. No. 14,271. July 1917. W.N.-W.-Yunnan. Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28° 12’ N. Alt. 13,000 ft. On open rocks and cliff edges. Shrub of 2-3 ft. Flowers bright lemon-yellow without markings. G. Forrest. No. 14,272. July 1917. W.N.-W.-Yunnan. Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28° 12'N. Alt. 13,000 ft. On ledges of cliffs. Shrub of 3-4 ft. Flowers bright lemon-yellow without markings. G. Forrest. No. 14,274. July 1917. S.E. Tibet. Tsarong. On Ka-gwr-pw, Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28° 25’ N. Alt. 13,000 ft. On rocky slopes and ua BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. =F cliffs. Shrub of 2-3 ft. Flowers bright lemon-yellow. G. Forrest. No. 14,356. July 1917. red flowers of Rh. sanguineum, Franch., and of Rh. haemaleum, Balf. f. et Forrest. Like Rh. cloiophorum, Balf. f. et Forrest, which has also yellow flowers, this species has the outer scale- leaves of the foliage-bud persisting on the nodular stems, and in Rh. cloiophorum finds its nearest affinity, differing from it in its possession of glandular pedicels and ovaries, setulose glandular smaller calyx, and puberulous staminal filaments. In the whole Sanguineum series Rh. citriniflorum is distinguished by its greater development of the upper stratum of the under-leaf indumentum. The long hairs. of the stratum form a conspicuous tomentum over the rosette-hairs of the under stratum. On p. 80 will be found reference to the distinctive characters of the Sanguineum series. Rhododendron cloiophorum,* Balf. f. et Forrest.t Dwarf shrub about i m. high with many straight thin some- what nodulose branches glabrescent almost glabrous with a few traces of juvenile hairs, annual growths short about 1 cm. long or a little more producing some 4-6 foliage-leaves rosette-fashion at the top and girt at base by the persistent outermost scale- leaves of the foliage-buds which remain for several years. Foliage-bud unknown. Leaves petiolate about 5.5 cm. long ; lamina leathery obovate as much as 5 cm. long 1.8 cm. broad obtuse ending in a conspicuous red hydathodal mucro, margin hardly cartilaginous nearly plane, base prolonged as a narrow wing on the petiole; upper surface olive-green opaque glab- * xJotopéoos, wearing a collar—in allusion to the refiexed calyx around the base of the corolla. + Rhododendron cloiophorum, Balf. f. et Forrest.—Frutex nanus circ. I m. altus multi-ramosus. Rami glabrescentes plus minusve nodulosi folia 4-6 rosu- 1 ad api gerentes. Alabastrorum perulae extimae lus minusve per- sistentes. Folia petiolata ad 5.5 cm. longa lamina coriacea obovata ad 5 cm longa 1.8 cm. lata obtusa mucronulata, ma sub : n petiolum pro- pla: asi longata ; supra olivacea opaca glabrescens pilorum vestigiis notata ; subtus pallide tubus carneus basi septis interpetalinis incompletis divisus; lobi rotundati 1.3 cm. longi 1.6 cm. lati emarginati. Stamina ro inaequalia corolla gynaeceoque breviora: filamenta glabra. Discus glaber. Gynaeceum circ. 3 cm. | corolla brevius; ovarium conoideum eglandulosum pilis longis floccosis dense tosuma ; stylus glaber. 38 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. rescent but with traces of juvenile hairs particularly in groove of midrib, primary veins about 8 on each side slightly as- cending at an acute angle, ultimate veinlets hardly visible ; under surface fawn-coloured, midrib raised slightly pink-tinted and sparsely floccose, some primary veins slightly raised, rest of venation concealed by a dense bistrate indumentum of whitish hairs forming a scintillating not crustaceous nor agglutinate but somewhat wefted honeycombed surface, hairs of upper stratum stalked the stalk pluricellular not long ending in a tuft of thin-walled elongated blunt branches, those of adjacent hairs interlocking and forming a canopy over more shortly-stalked or nearly sessile rosette-hairs with short vesicular branches, eglandular; petiole about 5 mm. long glabrescent with a few traces of juvenile hairs. - Flowers in 3-4- flowered terminal umbels; bracts and bracteoles unknown ; pedicel about 1.7 cm. long stout dilated under the calyx, pubes- cent with short floccose fasciate hairs, eglandular. Calyx con- spicuous as much as 1.3 cm. long; cup short about 1 mm. long with a few floccose hairs outside, bearing 5 yellow membranous lobes deflexing and then deciduous ; lobes unequal largest about 1.2 cm. long and 6 mm. broad ovate acuminate or tailed glabrous inside, outside sparingly floccose, ciliate, small lobes often 2 or 3 mm. long and broad. Corolla tubular-campanulate rose with darker margin yellowish towards base about 3.7 cm. long ; tube fleshy imperfectly septate by 5 interpetaline folds 5-gibbous retuse at the base glabrous outside and inside, 5-lobed ; lobes rounded about 1.3 cm. long and 1.6 cm. broad emarginate crenulate. Stamens 10 unequal much shorter than corolla, longest about 2.3 cm. long with dark purple anther about 3 mm. long, shortest about 1.2 cm. long with anther 2 mm. long ; filaments pale-coloured slightly widened to base glabrous. Disk glabrous. Gynaeceum about 3 cm. long shorter than corolla longer than stamens ; ovary ovoid truncate about 4 mm. long grooved eglandular densely tomentose with an indumentum essed greasy rufescent floccose hairs ; style stout glabrous clavate under the lobulate lipped broad stigma. W.N.-W.-Yunnan. Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28° 12’ N. Alt. 11,000 ft. On open rocky slopes. Shrub of 4 ft. Flowers rose, darkest round margins, yellowish towards base. G. Forrest. No. 14,269. July 1917. Another delightful species allied to Rh. sanguineum, Franch. It finds its closest affinity in Rh. citriniflorum, Balf. f. et Forrest, and recalls in many features that species, having the persistent outer scale-leaves of the bud clothing the nodular stem more or less. It is easily distinguished by its under-leaf Jadumentum, which is much thinner, forms a more- compact | 4S BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 39 honeycombed scintillating surface, and though bistrate has not got the very long branched hairs of the upper stratum which characterise Rh. citriniflorum and make its indumentum so much thicker and so much looser on the surface Then the indu- mentum of the ovary is eglandular—there are none of the glands that occur in Rh. citriniflorum. In the flower the calyx supplies a most distinctive mark, for here it is larger, with membranous lobes which spread out like a collar around the base of the corolla, becoming reflexed, and as they wither often falling off. The lobes are, moreover, glabrous and have only a few short and its allies. Rhododendron colletum,* Balf. f. et Forrest.7 Shrub as much as 4 m. high with thick branches. | Branchlets a year old pale green often enclosed at base by persistent sticky scale-leaves of foliage-bud, apparently coated with floccose red and brown hairs which soon fall off. Scale-leaves of the pyra- midal foliage-bud crustaceous semi-lunate to ovate and obovate with a thinner fringed margin, dark-brown, viscid with external sessile glands and short hair-glands, inside the scale-leaves * xolintéc, glued together—in allusion to the sticky bracts. + Rhododendron colletum, Balf. f. et F rrest.—Frutex ad 4 ee crassis. Rami tini pallid virides plerumque cincti et pilis floccosis rufis Folia petiolata ad 15.5 cm. longa , la Pres’ cinnamomea €: t menti pilis rosulatis s : i ‘ mi elevata pilorum detersilium pedibus punctulata ; petiolus ad € 2 cm. longus crassus glabrescens. Umbella 10—12-flora bracteis viscidis sub anthesi cincta; bra e breves ad 8 mm. longae ; lli circ. 2 cm. longi sparsim floccosi. Cal fere obsoletus glaber. Corolla ape - lata circ. 4 cm. longa albida vel rosea bast kermesino-variculata, 5-loba ; lobj lati emarginati subundulati Stamina 10 inaequalia corolla br 1, Discus puberulus. Gynaeceum citc. 3 cm. longum longius, corolla brevius ; ovarium circ mm. longum cylindrico-conoideum, pilis rosulatis pauci-ramosis dense vestitum, ad apicem saepe glabrum ; glaber. Ca recta subverruculosa circ. 2.2 em. longa 6 mm. diam. ab apice valvis 5 dehiscens, Semina pallide brunnea oblonga circ. 2-2.5 mm. longa, .75 mm. lata arillatim alata et ad itates producta. 40 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. often glued more or less together and to the base of the stem the indumentum of which as the stem elongates adheres to the glandular scale-leaves and is removed, the scale-leaves seem to fall off quite early sometimes. Leaves petiolate as much as 15.5 cm. or more long; lamina oblanceolate as much as 13.5 cm. long 5 cm. broad, acuminately narrowed at the apex into a blunt beak ending in an inconspicuous hydathode, margin entire quite flat hardly cartilaginous, narrowed from the upper third downwards to the cuneate base which is prolonged as a narrow wing along the upper edges of the petiole; upper surface opaque dark olive-green with a grooved red-tinted midrib and about 16-20 primary veins on each side also grooved, the surface lightly shagreened and glabrous but showing traces of juvenile hairs; under surface pale grey-green or pale cinnamon-coloured coated with a thin unistrate scintillating indumentum easily rubbed off of short- stalked few-armed (3 to 6) rosette-hairs, the arms short broad unicellular vesicular uncoloured or brown, the surface owing to the fall of the indumentum frequently becomes naked and in old leaves of a somewhat pale olive-green, midrib raised straw- coloured free of indumentum but punctulate with bases of fallen hairs, primary veins showing beneath the indumentum ; petiole about 2 cm. long stout winged with narrow laminar wing on each side above, green or purpling, glabrescent but showing remains of juvenile flock-hairs. Flowers in a compact terminal umbel of some 10-12 flowers enclosed during flowering by the sticky bracts ; outer bracts crustaceous with somewhat membranous margin, dark-brown rounded or broadly ovate coated on back with red sessile tuberculate glands, inner fertile bracts more membranous elongated as much as 3 cm. long and 8 mm. broad at top spathulate with a strap-shaped straw-coloured stalk and shorter elliptic or oval somewhat greenish blade densely pilose with sticky hairs apiculate, the apiculus hair-crested ; bracteoles very short about 8 mm. long filiform pointed pilose throughout ; pedicels about 2 cm. long strict red puberulous with a few flocks of reddish hairs. Calyx small saucer-shaped fleshy, margin showing 5 rounded or pointed lobes, the whole glabrous save for a few obscure marginal hairs to the lobes. Corolla openly campanulate from the base, whitish or flushed rose or pale rose with a crimson basal blotch, about 4 cm. long glabrous outside, puberulous inside, base slightly fleshy and 5-gibbous, 5-lobed ; lobes broad about 1.5 cm. long and 2.2 cm. broad emarginate somewhat undulate. Stamens 10 unequal shorter than corolla, longest about 2.8 cm. long with dark-purple oblong anther about 3.25 mm. long, shortest about 1.5 cm. long with ovoid anther about 2.25 mm. long; filaments pale-coloured considerably B BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 41 widened downwards, from the base upwards to above the top of the ovary puberulous with short stout pointed vesicular hairs. Disk minutely puberulous below the ovary. Gynaeceum about 3 cm. long exceeding the stamens shorter than corolla ; ovary about 5 mm. long cylindrico-conoid grooved densely covered (except at top) with an indumentum of short-stalked few- branched rosette-hairs the branches both long and short of single broad vesicular brown cells, summit of ovary often bare of hairs ; style pale-coloured glabrous, at top slightly expanded beneath the narrower red lobulate lipped stigma. Capsule dark-coloured slightly warted straight, oblique to pedicel at base, about 2.2 cm. long and 6 mm. in diameter dehiscing from the apex by 5 valves ; seeds pale brown oblong about 2—2.5 mm. long and .75 mm. across rounded or notched at shortly prolonged chalazal end, fringed at prolonged funicular end, aril-wing well developed all round. W.N.-W.-Yunnan. Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28° 12’ N. Alt. 11,000 ft. In open pine forests and on cliffs. Shrub of 10-15 ft. Flowers pale rose, with a blotch of crimson at base. G. Forrest. No. 14,450. July 1917. W.N.-W.-Yunnan. On the Bei-ma Shan. Lat. 28° 2a! N: Alt. 13,000 ft. In pine forests. Shrub of 10-12 ft. Flowers fflished faint rose, with slight marking of crimson at base. G. Forrest. No. 14,461. July 1917. G. Forrest. No. 14,686. Aug. 1917- se S.E. Tibet. On Ka-gwr-pw, Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28° 25’N. Alt. 14,000 ft. In Rhododendron forest. Shrub of 12-15 ft. Flowers pale rose or washed rose, with crimson blotch at base. G. Forrest. No. 14,488. July 1917. Rh. colletum is a distinct member of the Lacteum series. Its nearest ally is Rh. Beesianum, Diels, a species to which no precise limit is really given by the original description, and of which the relationship is entirely misconceived in the note to the descrip- tion. Rh. Beesianum has no near phyletic relation to Rh. Delavayi, Franch., which is one of the Arboreum series. There is not even a shade of resemblance between the plants to warrant Diels’ suggestion. The reminiscence in Rh. Beesianum of Rh. sutchuenense, Franch., which occurred to Diels, had no sound phyletic basis, but depended merely on the fact that both species have long narrow oblanceolate leaves which on dried twigs show a tendency to droop. Rh. sutchuenense finds its phylum in or near the Fortunei series. The number of described and certain species of the Lacteum E — 42 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. series is as yet small—Rh. lacteum, Franch., Rh. Beesianum, Diels, Rh. Traillianum, Forrest et W. W. Sm., Rh. colletum, Balf. f. et Forrest, make a quartette at the moment. That there are others I know, but whilst a considerable number of specimens of members of the phylum are now in our possession, many are without flower —showing foliage alone or foliage with fruit. The specific segre- gation of this material in the circumstances is no easy task, and indeed must be in a measure tentative, awaiting confirmation by the collecting of future explorers. Meanwhile, for the informa- tion of anyone who wishes to know how to recognise a member of the Lacteum series—a truly natural phylum,—and as a basis for future work, let me say that the characters of the indumentum of the under side of the leaf are crucial. It is thin buff-coloured scintillating unistrate, forming a smooth soft surface consisting of rosette-hairs with some 4 to 5 broad short vesicular thin- walled unicellular branches arising from a common short base. The rosettes are quite separate though their branches more or less overlap, and it is the walls of these empty branch-cells which cause the iridescence of the leaf-surface when looked at through a magnifying glass. The rosettes are easily separated from the surface of the leaf. If they are scraped off on to the surface of a microscopic slide and a drop of alcohol be added to them, they diffuse through the fluid like a fine powder, and their form can then be readily seen. In no other Rhododendrons that have come under my observation is there an indumentum of this kind. It is to my present knowledge a critical differential character of _ Rh. lacteum and its allies, and it has the advantage of a character to be ascertained without difficulty. As I have described it, the character is not differential of species: But there are minor distinctions between the rosettes that are certainly specific in species recognisable by other characters. Its chief value lies in its differentiation of the Lacteum series. There are other Rhododen- drons which show a thin buff-coloured scintillating indumentum forming a more or less smooth surface, but on applying in these eases the test I have mentioned the indumentum elements will not diffuse like a powder in the fluid—they adhere in groups, and have to be torn apart,—and this because the construction of the hairs is different and their branches interweave and interlock, holding the hairs together. Rhododendron comisteum,* Balf. f. et Forrest.7 Leafy shrub of slow growth barely 1 m. high annual incre- nmenhe small, the leaves and scale-leaves (both outer and inner) * xoulotedc, to be taken care of—as a most charming plant for the garden. | Rhododendron comisteum, Balf. f. et Forrest.—Frutex nanus dense foliatus foliis per annos persistentibus. Rami dense rufescenti-tomentosi, to BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 43 of the foliage-bud persisting for several years. Branchlets stout completely enwrapped in a rufous or cinnamon-brown woolly indumentum which persists for several years becoming grey or black, densely leafy, three to five leaves crowning each annual growth. Foliage-buds oblong fusiform pointed; outer persistent scale-leaves about 9 mm. long and 2.5 mm. broad woody lanceolate from the base or elongated triangular or subelliptic or oblong tailed-acuminate nearly glabrous inside, densely tomentose outside with white woolly hairs, margin ciliate, tail enwrapped in white tomentum; inner scale-leaves mem- branous about 1.8 cm. long and 2 mm. broad, strap-shaped acute or obtuse with a blunt rounded mucro, outside more or less clad with white tomentose hairs, around the mucro rufously tomentose, margin ciliate ; young foliage-leaves revolute, upper surface white with caducous long curled branched hairs. Leaves petiolate as much as 5.5 cm. long; lamina lanceolate or slightly oblanceolate about 5 cm. long by 1.3 cm. broad, apex obtuse or somewhat acute ending in a tuberculate mucro, margin strongly recurved, tapered gradually to the base; upper surface dark- green opaque shagreened glabrescent, midrib grooved, groove lined more or less by vestigial hairs, primary veins about 10-12 on each side slightly grooved ; under surface with slightly promi- nent midrib, rest of venation concealed by a thick persistent bi- strate woolly indumentum ferruginous—(or dark umber-coloured from penetration by fungi)—under stratum of rosette-hairs stalked and with broad thin-walled short vesicular branches, upper stratum of hairs with a long axis freely branching its cells thin-walled and curling intertwining ; petiole about 5 mm. long enwrapped by indumentum like the stem. Flowers arranged in a 6-flowered terminal umbel, the pedicels encircled by the inner cucullate if not by the outer bracts ; outer bracts like the outer scale-leaves of foliage-bud only larger, inner bracts (fertile ones) membranous yellow spathulate truncate or obtuse cucullate persistente demum cinerascente, alabastrorum perulis exterioribus interioribusque persistentibus dense vestiti. Folia petiolata ad 5.5 cm. longa ; rasse ta; sup rescens ; subtus cinna- momeo-tomentosa, tomento persistente bistrato, strati superi pilis elongatis multi- ramosis curvatis intertextis, strati inferi brevibus ; petiolus d plus minusve i xtus floccoso-tomentosus, 5-lobus lobi floccoso-ciliati. Corolla rosea sparsim maculata tubuloso-campanu 3-7 cm. longa intus puberula, 5-loba ; lobi rotundati emarginati. Stamina 10 inaequalia corolla breviora ; filamenta puberula. Discus puberulus. Gynaeceum circ. 2.7 cm. longum corolla brevius staminibus longius; ovarium ovoideum trun- catum circ. 3.5 mm. longum indumento pallide roseo e pilis longis constructo dense vestitum, eglandulosum ; stylus glaber 44 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. mucronulate or not about 2 cm. long and 8 mm. or more broad softly pubescent with adpressed white hairs rufescent around the mucro; bracteoles filiform about 5 mm. long softly pilose with adpressed hairs ; pedicels erect strict about 2 cm. long expand- ing below the calyx, densely tomentose with white or reddening woolly hairs, eglandular. Calyx small fleshy about 2-3 mm. long outside floccose-tomentose, margin of cup 5-lobed ; lobes red concave rounded or broadly triangular floccose, margin ciliate. Corolla tubular-campanulate rose with a very few posterior crimson spots, about 3.7 cm. long fleshy at base and 5-gibbous with faint imperfect interpetaline septa, glabrous outside, puber- ulous inside, 5-lobed ; lobes large rounded about 1.4 cm. long and 2 cm. broad emarginate and crenulate. Stamens Io unequal shorter than corolla, longest about 2.2-2.4 cm. long with anther 2 mm. long, shortest about 1.4-1.6 cm. long with anther about 1.5mm. long; filaments expanded downwards densely puberulous from the base over a small area. Disk green more or less puber- ulous. Gynaeceum about 2.7cm. long longer than longest stamens shorter than corolla ; ovary ovoid grooved truncate 3.5 mm. long entirely covered by a pinkish tomentose indumentum of long erectly-branched hairs, eglandular ; style white glabrous slightly expanded below the lobulate lipped discoid stigma. sas Libet: Tsarong. On Ka-gwr-pw, Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28° 25’ N. Alt. 14,000 ft. Open stony slopes and ledges of cliffs. Shrub of 2-2} ft. Flowers soft rose with a few crimson markings. G. Forrest. No. 14,501. July 1917. W.N.-W.-Yunnan. Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28° 10’ N. Alt. 13,000 ft. On open pasture. Shrub of 2-3 ft. Flowers deep soft rose with a few crimson markings. G. Forrest. Nos. 14,508, 14,508A. July 1917. ne of the most charming amongst the many Rhododendrons discovered by Forrest in the home of the genus in the highlands of the Mekong-Salween divide on the borders of S.E. Tibet and Yunnan. It is of atype of Rhododendron which seems to prevail in the area and of which the lovely Rh. sanguineum, Franch., Rh. Forrestii, Balf. f., and their allies—and now this Rh. comis- teum, leading to the Roxieanum series—are typical Rh. comisteum suggests at sight affinity with four species to which special reference is made elsewhere in these pages— Rh. Forrestii, Rh. sanguineum, Rh. haematodes, Franch., and Rh. Roxieanum, G. Forrest It is not a creeper, and has a truss with more flowers, ‘al by these characters differs from Rh. Forrestii and its immediate allies, but the fashion in which the flower-pedicels stand up within a nest of the ascending yellow inner bracts is strongly reminiscent of Rh. Forrestit. xy hairs of the upper stratum BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 45 Rh. sanguineum and its immediate allies have a thin under- leaf indumentum usually grey-white, and all the bracts fall away apparently at flowering. But in Rh. citriniflorum, Balf. f. et Forrest, one of the allies, the bistrate indumentum tends to become tomentose, although it does not reach copious develop- ment on that line. The cinnamon-coloured thick tomentum on the under surface of the leaves of Rh. comisteum is an evident mark of differentiation. That tomentum brings Rh. comisteum towards Rh. haematodes and its immediate allies, but if superficially alike the indumentum in the two species is structurally different, for here in Rh. comisteum the copious branches of the hairs of the upper stratum, though somewhat vesicular, curl and interweave in a loose fashion but without forming tendrillar-like cords, whilst in Rh. haematodes the somewhat dendriform branched hairs form stiffer and narrower branches which are much shorter. Apart from indumentum, however, the broader and larger leaves of Rh. haematodes and its umbels without persistent bracts make a conspicuous difference. There is no doubt, I think, about Rh. comisteum being in its right place within the circle of RA. Roxieanum, as there so here the many persistent leaves densely clothe the stems, which are clad also with a dense indumentum at first cinnamon-coloured, becoming grey later on the exposed stems. And then there is a dense coating of persistent scale-leaves and bracts intermixed with the foliage-leaves and visible on the stems after the foliage-leaves have fallen. The flower-trusses are more open at flowering than is the case in Rh. Roxieanum, because perhaps the outer bracts fall, leaving only the inner ones. The indumentum of the under- leaf surface outwardly identical is in internal construction a near approximation only to that of typical Rh. Roxieanum. There the become thick-walled and cord-like and intertwine and twist around one another like tendrils. In Rh. comisteum the hair-cells do not become cord-like, and are not markedly tendrilliform. Of the members of the Roxieanum series Rh. bathyphyllum, Balf. f. et Forrest, and Rh. perulatum, Balf. f. et Forrest, have somewhat similar indumentum, but in general aspect Rh. proteotdes, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm., perhaps presents the most striking resemblances. Rhododendron dasypetalum,* Balf. f. et Forrest.T Shrub barely 1 m. with many delicate ultimate branchings and short annual growths. ~Branchlets a year old about I mm. * Jactc, hairy—in allusion to the corolla. + Rhododendron dasypetalum, Balf. f. et Forrest. — Frutex vix 1 m. altus. Rami ann otini circ. 1 mm. diam. squamis rufis stipitatis dense furfuracei, vetus- 46 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. in diameter densely and scurfily clad with stalked peltate rufous scales, scales blackening on older twigs which become dark-grey before shedding the bark. Foliage-buds oblong narrow covered by few scale-leaves; outer scale-leaves thick crustaceously leathery elongate-triangular or lanceolate tapering to a blunt point densely rufously lepidote outside, setulose-ciliate ; inner scales straw-yellow-coloured membranous at first broadly ovate only slightly concave; innermost oblong carinate mucronulate not hooded elepidote on back or with one or two scales, at the apex conspicuously setulose-ciliate ; young foliage-leaves con- volute, on both surfaces epilose and densely lepidote, margin of both lamina and petiole setulose-ciliate. Leaves shortly petiolate about 1.5 cm. long ; lamina thickly leathery oval or oblong-oval, apex obtuse or rounded mucronulate, about 6 mm. broad, margin slightly recurved and slightly notched sometimes with a few setu- lose hairs towards base, base obtuse or obtusely cuneate ; upper surface dark-green somewhat glossy covered everywhere with scontiguous or almost contiguous white not scintillating peltate sessile hardly impressed scales each with broad umbo (some- times slightly infiltrated with yellow secretion) and equally broad translucent fringe, intervals between the scales less than diameter scale, midrib scarcely grooved ; under surface tawny-brown clad with contiguous overlapping uniform concolorous persistent stalked peltate scales each with its stalk sunk in a shallow pit and having a dark-brown umbo anda paler buff-coloured equally tiores nigro-verruculosi. Alabastrorum perulae extimae e saga oe cg RO extus rufo-lepidotae setuloso-ciliatae, intimae membranaceae oblongae §t pilis contortis vestita, elepidota ; tubus campanulatus circ. 4 mm. longus ad os villosus ; lobi 5 tenues circ. r cm. longi 6 mm. lati panes rotundati ul i. mina 10 inaequalia corolla breviora alternatim longiora et breviora ; rage i us staminibus longius ; ay conoi truncat circ. 3 mm. longum infra adpressim puberulum sursum imbricatim lepidotum et puberulum ; stylus glaber nunc pilos paucos basales Capsula circ. 4 mm longa 1.75 mm. lata pallida dense Stone et puberula lobis calycis plus minusve _inclusa ab apice ad basim valvis 5 dehiscens. BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 47 broad fringe, midrib slightly prominent; petiole about 1 mm. long densely lepidote like stem and with a few setulose cilia. Flowers in 2-flowered terminal short umbels; bracts early deciduous, outer ones crustaceous with thinner margin, dark- brown rounded apiculate as much as 4 mm. in diameter densely puberulous outside and inside, elepidote outside but occasionally one or two scales at apex, whitely ciliate, inner fertile bracts membranous venulose broadly oblong with nearly parallel sides somewhat truncate, puberulous outside elepidote setulose- ciliate particularly at top; bracteoles very short about 2 mm. long shorter than pedicels almost bristle-like, membranous brown with a few short cilia and one or two long hairs at tip ; pedicels about 4.5 mm. long dark-purple pubescent and lepidote with few or many scattered scurfy stalked membranous yellowish-white peltate scales. Calyx cupular about 3.5 mm. long 5-partite ; cup dark black-purple densely pubescent with white adpressed hairs and a few longer setulose hairs and some intermixed scurfy whitish peltate scales ; lobes nearly equal oblong-oval or some- what lanceolate or ovate acute as much as I.5 mm. broad, violet- purple puberulous inside and outside, on the. back also a few large peltate whitish scales often only at the base, hirsute on margin with long lanate hairs. Corolla bright purplish-rose as much as 1.7 cm. long outside pilose with long delicate twisting hairs extending over base of lobes, elepidote ; tube campanulate about 4mm. long villous at the throat, expanding into a spreading 5-lobed limb ; lobes thin as much as I cm. long and 6 mm. broad oblong-oval rounded at tip crenulate. Stamens ro much shorter than corolla, alternately long and short, longer about 1 cm. long with pale-brown anther about 2 mm. long, shorter about 8.5 mm. long with anther about 1.5 mm. long ; filaments slightly widened at the hardly naked base, from the base upwards to mouth of corolla-tube puberulous. Disk puberulous below ovary. Gynae- ceum about 1.8 cm. long a little longer than corolla much longer than stamens ; ovary conoid truncate grooved about 3 mm. long, below adpressedly puberulous, upwards densely imbricately lepidote with yellowish scales and puberulous with intermixed short hairs; style purple glabrous or occasionally a few short hairs at base not clavate under the broader discoid lobulate lipped darker purple stigma. Capsule small about 4 mm. long and 1.75 mm. in diameter pale-coloured densely lepidote and also puberulous enclosed for about two-thirds by the slightly enlarged calyx-lobes, dehiscent from apex to base by 5 valves. ‘W. Yunnan. On the Li-ti-ping. Open stony pasture. Alt. 11,000 ft. Lat. 27° 12’ N. Shrub of 1-23 ft. Flowers bright purplish-rose. G. Forrest. No. 13,905- June 1917. ‘This very distinct species finds its place in the Lapponicum 49t 48 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. series along with a small number of species—Rh. cheilanthum, Balf. f. et Forrest, Rh. cuneatum, W. W. Sm., Rh. nitidulum, Rehd. et Wils., Rh. tapetiforme, Balf. f. et Ward—in which the scales of the under-leaf indumentum are uniform concolorous contiguous forming a fulvous surface. From these species with like indumentum it is at once separated by its corolla with hairy outer surface. This is an unusual feature amongst Lapponicums. We have it in the yellow-flowered Rh. primulinum, Franch., and in the purple-flowered Rh. russatum, Balf. f. et Forrest. It is more a character of the Cephalanthum series. It is found also in Rh. sempervirens, Hort., and conspicuously in Rh. dauricum, Linn. From the four species I havenamed in the subseries into which its indumentum brings it there are abundant other characters of distinction in addition to that of the hairs on the outside of the corolla :— Rh. chetlanthum has larger and broader leaves with a zygo- morphous corolla and the style about equal in length to corolla and stamens. Rh. cuneatum. has leaves many times the size, has larger flowers pronouncedly zygomorphous, lepidote corolla and a long protruding style. Rh. tapetiforme is a dwarf carpet-forming species with a darker more rufous indumentum bearing pink flowers in 3- flowered compact trusses with shorter pedicels, bracteoles longer than the pedicels, calyx shorter barely 1 mm. long with lobes somewhat semi-lunate, style glabrous. Rh. nitidulum has scintillating amber-coloured scales on upper leaf-surface, shorter calyx about 2 mm. long, corolla lepidote outside and glabrous style. The general habit of the plant and form of leaves recall Rh. sclerocladum, Balf. f. et Forrest, but that species has an indu- mentum of bicolorous scales and has no hairs on outside of its very markedly zygomorphous corolla. a horticultural plant Rh. dasypetalum does not make claim to much merit. There is no outstanding feature to give it preference over many another of the Lapponicum series, indeed its dull foliage has in dried specimens a drab appearance that is not promising. Rhododendron detonsum,* Balf. f. et Forrest. Shrub 3-4 m. high with stout branches about 5 mm. in dia- meter when a year old, green glistening having scattered large red * detonsum, shorn—in allusion to the fallen indumentum. + Rhododendron detonsum, Balf. f. et Forrest—Frutex ad 4 m. altus ramis: crassis subnitentibus glandulas rubras et pilos floccosos conspersim gerentibus ;. BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON,. 49 glands and a few floccose reddening twisted hairs. Foliage-bud large elongated oveid ; outer scale-leaves more or less rounded or elliptic or oblong-oval glossy inside, glandular (red glands) and densely covered with branched sticky reddening hairs out- side, margin gland-ciliate; innermost scale-leaves spathulate from a narrow base about 5 cm. long and 1 cm. broad at top, clad like the outer ones ; young foliage-leaves revolute, on both surfaces clad with red clavate glands and stiffly radiating branched floccose hairs. Leaves as much as 14.5 cm. long petiolate; lamina leathery about 12 cm. long 4 cm. broad oblong, apex slightly narrowed into a beak with an apiculus I.5 mm. long, margin cartilaginous slightly recurved, base broadly obtuse or rounded ; upper surface pale green opaque, surface smooth with a few flocks and vestiges of others and of red glands, midrib grooved groove sparingly lined by floccose hairs and glands, primary veins about 14 on each side almost hidden; under surface pale cinnamon-brown clad with bistrate indumentum, the upper layer of brown detaching floccose hairs each with a short stalk and several diverging pointed branches, the lower stratum below the hairs of red clavate short glands on a pale mat-green surface, midrib broad elevated slightly pinkish sparingly floccose, primary veins paler slightly prominent ; petiole stout about 2.5 cm. long, grooved above more or less coated with floccose red-brown hairs also glandular, glabrescent. Inflorescence shortly racemosely umbellate about 10-flowered, thachis barely 1 cm. long sparsely glandular and floccose ; fertile bracts papery oblong or obovate-oblong cucullate as much as 2.5 cm. long 1 cm. broad outside and inside densely sericeous or lanate the hairs white curling; bracteoles claviform about 1.2 cm. long densely whitely hairy hair-crested eglandular ; pedicels stout diverging, as much as 3 cm. long, more or less glandular (glands red shortly-stalked) and sparingly floccose. Calyx about 3 mm. long; cup glandular outside 5-lobed to beyond middle ; lobes membranous broad ovate obtuse spar- ingly glandular outside densely gland-fringed. Corolla openly campanulate rose-pink marked posteriorly by a+few crimson alabastra subglutinosa, foliis juvenilibus revolutis utrinque glandulosis et floccosis. Folia ad 14.5 cm. longa; lamina ad 4 cm. lata coriacea apice paullo attenuata subrostrata, basi late obtusa vel rotundata; s andu floccorumque notata; infra cinnamomea indumento bistrato detersili pilorum rosulatorum obtecta; petiolus ad 2.5 cm. longus glabrescens. Inflorescentia racemoso-umbellata circ. 10-flora; bracteae extus intusque lanato-pubescentes ; glandulosum ; stylus glandulosus. Wh 50 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. spots, about 4.8 cm. long, glabrous outside, puberulous at the base inside, not gibbous, 5-lobed ; lobes short and broad about 8 mm. long and 3 mm. broad emarginate crenulate. Stamens Io unequal, shorter than corolla, longest about 3.3 cm. long with anther oblong 4 mm. long, shortest about 2 cm. with anther 3 mm. long; filaments expanding to the base and from there through about one-third finely puberulous. Disk puberulous below ovary. Gynaeceum about 3.8 cm. long shorter than corolla longer than stamens; ovary about 6 mm. long dark- brown when dry, conoid truncate slightly grooved densely glandular, glands shortly-stalked ; style glandular through three- fourths of length glabrous in upper fourth, hardly expanding below a broad discoid lobulate lipped stigma. E. N. -W. - Yunnan. Sungkwei divide. Eastern flank. Alt. 10,000-11,000 ft. Lat. 26° 12’ N. Margins of maple forests. Shrub of 9-12 ft. Flowers fragrant fleshy rose-pink, with few markings. G. Forrest. No. 13,789. May 1917. A species which in the outward appearance of its detersile indumentum recalls Rh. floccigerum, Franch., but whilst the upper stratum of indumentum in the two species is formed of similarly constructed hairs, the under stratum here is glandular, in Rh. floccigerum consists of vesicular rosette-hairs. It is not really an ally of Rh. floccigerum, wanting the caudate scale- leaves to the foliage-bud seen in that species, having a non- fleshy not tubular-campanulate corolla, and the ovary is glandular not floccose, the style glandular not glabrous or nearly so. The well-developed calyx, the glandular ovary, and glandular style may lead one to the Souliei series, but the foliage and its indumentum are very different. From the general facies of the plant and its inflorescence one might be excused for taking it at first glance to be a relative of Rh. Trail- lianum, G. Forrest et W. W. Sm. of the Lacteum series, which it is not. Rhododendron dimitrum,* Balf. f. et Forrest. Small shrub not 2 m. high with short straight branches some 2.5 mm. in diameter when a year old and then glab- * diputtooc, with double cap—in allusion to the very large calyx. apicem versus angustata nec rotundata breviter acuminata, margine recurva, , nec rotundata; supra convexa pallide viridis opaca laevis costa media. sulcata pilorum floccosorum vestigiis notata sa cesissics ited infra flavido- viridis glabra ‘sed costa media obscure floccosa et vom primariis utrinque ad 12 pro es jiolus circ. t cm. longus Umbella racemosa 10-12-flora ; bracteolae ad 7. mm. longae ; ae cire. z cm. — ee floccoso-pubescentes. Calyx Selinctin erubescens circ. BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON, 51 rescent showing vestiges of floccose branched hairs and with a slightly glaucous look. Foliage-bud ovoid pointed short, outer crustaceous scale-leaves rounded keeled with an apiculus or short tail, outside clad with a thin layer of floccose interwoven hairs hardly tomentose. Leaves petiolate as much as 7.5 cm. long; lamina leathery oblong or narrowly oval-oblong, as much as 6.5 cm. long 2.5 cm. broad, narrowed to the point and there shortly acuminate with a conspicuous mucro, margin cartilaginous recurved, base obtuse never rounded or cordu- late ; upper surface markedly convex pale green mat showing a grooved midrib, otherwise smooth not rugulose or shagreened the primary veins not showing, glabrescent but marked by vestiges of juvenile floccose hairs, eglandular; under surface yellowish green with a prominent midrib, the primary veins about 12 on each side slightly raised the rest of the venation forming a veiled reticulum, the whole surface is glabrous but traces of flock-hairs appear on sides of midrib; petiole 1 cm. or more long reddening grooved above with traces of withered floccose hairs. Flowers in a terminal raceme or umbel 10-12- flowered, the rhachis about 1.2 cm. long more or less floccose : bracts unknown ; bracteoles filiform-clavate about 7 mm. long pilose from base and densely hair-crested; pedicels about I em. long densely floccose pubescent eglandular expanding below the calyx. Calyx foliaceous oblique split to near the base in front, I cm. or more long with a broad cup-shaped base and 5 unequal pink lobes ; cup about 3 mm. long fleshy at base and there floccose, more membranous above below the lobes which are glabrous but for floccose cilia, posterior lobes the larger as much as 7 cm. long spotted triangular or ovate or oblong often fringed and lobulate, anterior lobe smallest barely 2 mm. long rounded or semi-lunate, the membranous portion of the calyx often falling from the fleshy base of the cup and so giving the impression of a small toothed calyx. Corolla tubular campanulate deep rose with crimson spots all over three posterior petals, about 3.8 cm. long ; tube fleshy at base 5-gibbous without basal blotches or faintly blotched on posterior petal, with 5 imperfect interpetaline septa, puberulous inside, glabrous outside; lobes 5 rounded emarginate about 1.5 cm. long zygomorphus antice ad basim fissus ; cupula lata ad 3 mm. longa basi carnea lobos 5 inaequales lobi membranacei maculati posteriores : Corolla tubuloso-campanulata kermesina postice dense maculata circ. 3.8 cm. longa ; tubus basi carneus 5-gibbosus intus puberulus septis interpetalinis incom- I visus; lobi 5 rotundati emargina Stamina io inaequalia corolla breviora flavida puberula. Discus glaber. Gynaeceum ad 3.4 mgum, corolla brevius, staminibus longius; ovarium tenue ad 6 mm. indri i i ilis fasciatis constructo cylindricum sulcatum truncatum indumento flavido e pi dense obtectum eglandulosum ; stylus ad medium et ultra floccosus eglandulosus. Cc 52 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 1.8 cm. broad. Stamens 10 unequal shorter than corolla, longest about 3.2 cm. long with anther 3 mm. long, shortest about 2.2 cm. long with anther 2 mm. long; filaments yellow only slightly widened downwards, puberulous at the base. Disk glabrous. Gynaeceum about 3.4 cm. long shorter than corolla a little longer than stamens; ovary about 6 mm. long very narrow cylindric eglandular grooved truncate densely clad with ascending fasciate few-branched hairs with sharp points form- ing an adpressed tomentum and a tuft round base of style ; style floccose to above middle, eglandular. id W.-Yunnan. Western flank of the Tali Range. Lat. 25° 40’ N. Alt. 10,000 ft. In open thickets. Shrub of 4-6 ft. Flowers deep rose with crimson markings. G. Forrest. No. 13,736. May 1917. This plant has special botanical interest. Rh. neriiflorum, Franch. is its nearest ally, and Rh, dimitrum differs in the leaf-form—leaves tapered never rounded at the apex and the shape tending to oval; in the green not glaucous under surface of the leaf—Rh. dimitrum wanting the long epidermal wax- secreting papillae of Rh. neriiflorum; in the glabrous under- leaf midrib—not coated profusely with floccose hairs as in Rh. nertiflorum; in the paler coloured calyx-lobes abundantly spotted with crimson; in the puberulous corolla-tube and puberulous staminal filaments—these being glabrous in Rh. nertiflorum. Rh. dimitrum is a plant of the western flank of the Tali Range, a region from which apparently only a small number of plants have come to us. Delavay, to whom our first knowledge of Yunnan Rhododendrons is due, collected mainly on the eastern flank and in the area immediately to the north and north-east of Tali itself—about Langkiung. On the eastern flank of the Tali Range Rh. neriiflorum must be not uncommon. We have it from Delavay under Nos. 294, 2061, and from Forrest under Nos. 4140, 4144, 4147, 4164, 6766, 6780, 11,617. The flora of the western flank shows differences from that of the eastern flank, as Forrest has acutely observed, but the differences are often not easily focussed. Here in Rh. dimitrum we have a species which illustrates modification of a phylum on opposite sides of the range, and the differential characters are easily recognised, although the determining factors are not yet apparent to us. On the Shweli-Salween divide occur plants which in the dried specimens collected by Forrest under Nos. 8939, 11,911, 11,921 do not offer marks sufficient to separate them from Rh. neriiflorum of the eastern flank of the Tali Range, yet they suggest differences which, if we knew more of the plants, we might appraise as of some dis- tinctive value. For the present we have to reckon them as BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 53 Rh. neriiflorum. It is not rash to expect that further explora- tion of this extreme west boundary of Yunnan will bring to light other allied species. Rh. neriiflorum and this new species Rh. dimitrum do not leave us in doubt about their affinity. They belong to a large group of species with beautiful flowers that includes the Forrestii series, the Sanguineum series, and the Haematodes series. Their characters which entitle them to rank as a series and to be spoken of as the Neriiflorum series alongside of those mentioned are the great reduction of the under-leaf indumentum —restricted to a floccose covering of the midrib—and the great development of the calyx. The large group embracing all these series and perhaps others may be looked upon as one parallel with but differing from that of Thomsoni, to which I have referred elsewhere.* Rh. neriiflorum has been in cultivation for some years— introduced in 1910 by Bees, Ltd., through seed collected by Forrest,— and has flowered freely. Of itself a charming plant it will be doubtless the parent of many hybrids in our gardens. No artificial hybrids of flowering age have yet been raised in cultivation, but two distinct remarkable plants have appeared in gardens—one with Mr. J. C. Williams at Caerhays, the other with Mr. Magor at Lamellen,—which it has been suggested may be natural hybrids that have sprung from seed introduced with the seeds of one of their respective parents. To these reference must be made here. In spring of 1918 Mr. J. C. Williams sent to me a truss of a ‘“‘rogue’’ of which several individuals had appeared amongst his plants of Rh. callimorphum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm. This rogue - plant has flower - characters resembling those of Rh. nertifiorum, and vegetative characters belonging to Rh. calli- morphum. The flowers are smaller than those of Rh. neriiflorum. The calyx shows the unequal large-fringed lobes and the same splitting in front as we find in Rh. neriiflorum, but both calyx and corolla are spotted with crimson, and this is unknown in Rh. neriiflorum. The ovary is more truncate at the top, and the style is glabrous, not floccose, at the base. The flower is altogether different from that of Rh. callimorphum, where the pedicels are glandular not floccose, the calyx minute, corolla. openly campanulate and rose-coloured, and the ovary is glandular, as is the base of the style. The vegetative character in which the rogue resembles Rh. callimorphum and differs altogether from Rh. neriiflorum is the setulose-glandular surface of the young stems of the petioles and of the lamina of the young leaves. The setae are not very long, but densely clothe the parts. In * See Notes, R.B.G., Edin., x (1917), 98. 54 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. shape the leaf of the rogue is nearer to Rh. callimorphum than to Rh. neriiflorum, but is more pointed than in either, and it wants the glaucous under-leaf surface of both: that surface is green in the rogue. Rh. neriiflorum is particularly glaucous— the epidermal papillae upon which the wax—giving glaucousness —lies are long rod-like and somewhat spreading, not close-set ; in Rh. callimorphum the papillae are much shorter, of an elongated dome-shape, and more close-set. But although the rogue has leaves not glaucous below, it has epidermal papillae which are not those of either of the species, but are likest to those of Rh. callimorphum ; it apparently does not secrete wax to the extent observable in the two species. Surveying all the characters of the rogue so far as they are known to me, and comparing them with those of the two species suggested for its parentage as a natural hybrid, the evidence seems to point in the direction of correctness of the view that hybridisation has occurred. Technical characters possessed by the rogue but not found in the suggested parents are :—the more pointed leaf, the green under-leaf surface, the spotting of the corolla, and the glabrous style. These seem to be all. Through Rh. dimitrwm we know now of the occurrence of the first three of these characters in the phylum of Rh. neriiflorum, and it may be, if hybridisation has taken place, that Rh. dimitrum and not Rh. neriifiorwm has been the species with which RA. callimorphum has crossed. At the same time the stamens of the rogue are the glabrous ones of Rh. neriiflorum, not the puberulous ones of Rh. dimitrum. The facts of distribution as we know them would not negate the possibility of hybridisation. For Rh. callimorphum from the Shweli-Salween divide and Rh. dimitrum from the western flank of the Tali Range are as yet only known to us in single collectings, and their habitats are sufficiently within hail to justify the looking to future exploration for the discovery of one or both of them in the intermediate area. This rogue, to which I have given the name Rh. dimidiatum, ' in allusion to its split calyx, is a most interesting plant whether species or hybrid, and further study of it in cultiva- tion is desirable. Not many days after my receipt of this Rh. dimidiatum from Mr. Williams there came to me from Mr. Magor a truss of a Rhododendron with a flower for all the world like a “ hose-in- hose” Rh. neriiflorum. It too was a rogue, but amongst Rh. habrotrichum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm., not amongst Rh. calli- morphum, as was the Caerhays plant. At first looking I thought we had to deal with the same form in both plants. Mr. Willams, to whom Mr. Magor sent specimens of his plant, doubted their being the same, and subsequent analysis confirms this opinion. BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 55 Rh. diphrocalyx *—by which name Mr. Magor’s plant is known —shows a larger flower than belongs to Rh. dimidiatum. The flowers are, as has been stated, outwardly like those of Rh. neriiflorum. The calyx is remarkable from its size—on the posterior side reaching to the top of the corolla-tube, and being as brightly coloured as the corolla. Both calyx and corolla are spotted. Other flower-differences from Rh. dimidiatum are—the stamens are puberulous and the style is floccose. The former is a character of difference too from Rh. neriiflorum, the latter one of resemblance with it, and the ovary also has more of a taper at the top, as we find it in Rh. neriiflorum. The puberulous stamens are found in Rh. dimitrum, as is also the floccose style. In the foliage we find pointed leaves and a green under surface to the leaf, and there are setulose glands on the lamina, petiole, and young stems, as there are in Rh. dimidiatum. The glands are larger and more conspicuous, and the epidermal papillae are more numerous and form lower domes than in Rh. dimidiatum. The same question of natural hybridisation is raised by Mr. Magor’s plant—but with the different element of Rh. habro- trichum as a parent instead of Rh. callimorphum. Rh. habrotrichum is a Shweli-Salween plant, and the dis- tributional elements in the problem are therefore the same in the two cases. Structurally Rh. habrotrichum is a plant with large leaves as much as 12 cm. long and 7 cm. in diameter, and they are pointed. They as well as the stems carry quite long setulose glands with a few hair-flocks, and the glands are very persistent: the leaves and stems are not glabrescent above. — The under surface of the leaves is green, not glaucous, and the papillae are quite low domes. The flowers have a minute calyx without membranous expansions, the corolla is funnel- shaped unspotted and without blotches, the stamens are puberulous, and the truncate glandular setose ovary has a style glandular-setose in its lower third. Sifting the evidence here leads to much the same conclusion as was arrived at in the case of Rh. dimidiatum. If hybridisation by Rh. habrotrichum has taken place in nature, Rh. dimitrum is more likely than Rh. neriiflorum to have been the other parent. For purposes of comparison the tabular statement presented here, of differ- entiating characters of the suggested parents and their hybrid progeny, may be of use :— * diyoos, chariot-board—in allusion to the form of the calyx. BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 56 “SU}JY-OM} JOMOT ysnory} esoo00H eTAIS ‘reTnpueysa -esov00H +paisade} ATeAG ‘snornseqnd susureys ‘ Pg ah et jeseq jupey $ ‘po -jyods ‘per yystaq ‘ayeTn |-uedures-reynqn} e[o109 pant episyno ren “syoop. UMOIq pure spurs aSO[NJaS SUOT YITM 9[OI}9g “aso000g pue Jepnpueys-osojnqes useis §=690RjINS) = Japuy *9SO000Y-UMOIG PUL IeT | -npuvys-aso[njes qraprur ay} Suoye sovzins soddy ‘asnyqgo eseq ‘pajuiod = saavo'yT “syoop UMOIG ‘snoiqey[a a,A1S ‘repnpueyso asooo0g eyeounI] AIeAG ‘snoiqe[s SUDTIEIS “Buryozorq Teseq Furey poeijods ‘por daap ‘aze[n -uedureo-1ejnqn} ey[o109 “peyj0ds ‘apis}no snoiqeys * p2qoy Aqenboun ‘juo1y Ut yqds ‘aqn}-e]Jo109 jo yysue, spey ‘edrey xAjeg “eqn -puryse asoo009 spoIped ‘asoo00y pure zeynpueys -esopnjas AT}JIOYS eTOreg *qliprur uo Ajrejnoryazed ‘asoo004 pue sepnpuey{s-asojnjes useid §=690Ryjins §=Jepug, ‘gsoo009 pue repnpueys -aso[njas sorjins seddq ‘VT -npioo Suryorordde 30 poepunoz Anysis Io 9sn} -qo 9seq ‘pazurod y[eaAo -SU0][GO JO SsuocTqo soava’yT “ssDOH UMOIG *PAq} TOMOT Ul 9SO}aS-Ie_Npue[s aTAIS "9S09S-IP] -npurys azyeouns} AreAQ ‘snopnassqnd sueureys “Ppeqoq01g -un ‘pajjodsun ‘asoi ayed ‘podeys - jauuny = ey]jo109 “IT -npueys-asofnyes sTeoIped “syooy Moy B puke 9eIBS IeTNp -ue[s SUOT YUM aorta *asOo00] pue iepnpurys-ssornjzes ugeid §=690Rjins § Jepuy “9SO000Ff pue sepnpueys-asojnqes ysay ye osoryms soddy "aye [Npsz0o eseq | ‘ayBUTUINOeAnS JO esn}zqo Suofgo - ondiyja seave’y “syoop-arey ‘aseq je Je[npueys e]A1S “IPT -npueys a}zeouns, AreAG *SshOolqeys JSOW]e SUDTIEYS “qoq0Tq Teseq © jim *pazjods -un ‘painojoo-asor faye[N -uedureo Ayuedo e]jo109 *peqjodsun ‘apisjno | esorNjas-pueyps Suoy “Uru $'r ynoqe oynutur xATe9 ‘re[npueys speorped ‘gso000H-UMOIq | pue aso]Njes-puUr]s efO}og ‘spue[s per yoys Moy Be YA snooneys soerjims Jepuy ‘spurs osopnjes Mo} B YIM 9S0090 ysay ye «=o soRzIns = seddy ‘aye~nouns} -qns IO 9}e[Npsr09 aseq ‘pajutod you ondyya AT -peoiq 10 popunos saave’T *asoo ‘Syppra aAOqe 0} BSONI0F 2JA1S “re[Tnpueypse aso -009 a}eounIy AreAQ ‘snoynisqnd sueureys “sayojorq Teseq jurey ‘peijods ‘per iysiq ‘azyetnued -wed-Ie[Nqn} eyp[oI0D *pejjods ‘apisqno snoiqeys ‘paqoy Ayenbeun ‘yu0Jy ut yyds ‘adrey xATeg ‘men | -pur]sa asoo00GS}I0Ipag ‘rejnpuryse ‘syooy yo saoei} YIM 9OT}9q ‘gsoo00p AT} ure} ‘user eyed = aorjins)§= Japuy | ‘-re[Hpueys Jou esopnyes JOAgU sirey 9s0990 Yya vorjans seddQ -asnjqo aseq ‘pajuiod #uojqo -TBAO 10 SuOTGO saAva’T “snoiqeys afAqs ‘repnpueypsa asoov0p =perede, AreAQ ‘shoiqeys susweyS “Seo70rd Teeee snonotdsuoos ¢ ‘payjods -un ‘par yy8tq ‘aze7n -uedured-ienqn} eyjo109 *payjodsun ‘apis}no snor “quia ‘peqo, Atyenboun ‘quogy ut qyds ‘a8avy xApeg | “xeqn -pue]se esoo00p sporpag ‘repnpueysa . ‘481g 3 esoov0y aON}9q ye asoI00H SsoT 10 Bes ‘snoone]s doepins sspug ‘aejnpurys ou ssopnjes Joeyjeu = ‘sunod por asoo00p soryins seddq fae aseq ‘pejyutod jou SUO]qO - SOAvI’] | pue spurs odsonyzes yap Ie[npurys-ssopnjes | alos pue spuryps ssojas | -ooy pue JeTNpue{s-asoy “SOOH OIG M YITIM Zuo, YM suojs Suno, | Apsoys sues Sunog | Suoy yRM surazs Suno, | -nyosApjJoys susoys BuNOA | “esooooH SUIAJS SUNOA | esooD0H stte}Is AUN, ‘xAynooayqiq “MmenqwIpiMacg “MNYILAJOAQV FT “mny Gsounqvg “UMANAPUAL CT “uensoyfinsen BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 57 It must be borne in mind that this discussion is tentative. We have as yet seen too little of the plants and have too little material to work with for a thoroughly critical analysis of the problem. But it seems to me worth while to give this exposition of facts because of their bearing upon the question of Rhododen- dron-hybridsin nature. Had we no knowledge of Rh. nertiflorum or of Rh. dimitrum, the forms Rh. dimidiatum and Rh. diphro- calyx would, by all the canons of systematic botany, be recog- nised as two species (possibly to some as microforms of one), without near affinity with either Rh. callimorphum or Rh. habrotrichum. Jf Rh. callimorphum and Rh. habrotrichum had been undiscovered, there would have been no hesitation on the part of systematists over describing Rh. dimidiatum and Rh. diphrocalyx as two species (or microforms of one) allied to but quite distinct from Rh. neriiflorum and from Rh. dimitrum. With all the forms before us, the suggestion of hybridisation as the method of origin of Rh. dimidiatum and Rh. diphrocalyx is legitimate. If this is the true history, these forms must be hybrids that have arisen in nature; and this has support in the first appearance of Rh. dimidiatum amongst seedling plants of Rh. callimorphum, of Rh. diphrocalyx amongst seedling plants of Rh. habrotrichum. Rh. neriiflorum was introduced to culti- vation in 1910, Rh. habrotrichum in 1912, Rh. callimorphum in 1914. I do not know if Rh. dimitrum is yet in cultivation, and the time that has elapsed since any of them came into our gardens—perhaps I should put it since the first record of their flowering, the all-important Rh. dimitrum being, as I believe, still absent—is too short for the production of flowering plants in progeny from artificial crossing. We have therefore here a critical case in which synthesis may confirm or otherwise the conjectures of analysis which the method is inadequate to establish on the material available. If Rh. dimitrum is not yet in cultivation, it is a plant to be resolutely sought for in view of its importance as an element in the question that has to be answered. Meanwhile cultivators of Rhododendrons who interest themselves in hybridisation, and who have in their collections plants of the species required, should endeavour, by making such a series of crosses as neriiflorum x callimorphum, neriiflorum x habrotrichum, callimorphum x nertiflorum, habro- trichum x nertiflorum, to find out for us what are the characters of the first-crosses that come from such parentage ; and should also, by crossing directly and reciprocally Rh. dimidiatum and Rh. diphrocalyx with their reputed parents, try to discover through Mendelian segregation evidence of the parental relation- ships of the two forms. Speculation is frequent upon the part that hybridisation in nature has played in the production of ur 58 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. forms amongst the numerous Himalayan Rhododendrons that have been described as species, and now in the much larger field of Chinese Rhododen drons there is similar questioning. Dried herbarium specimens can only supply a part of the evidence that is required for the solving of a biological problem of this kind ; the other part must come from direct observation by the collector in the habitats of the plant, and from ob- servation and experimental work in our gardens. The cases presented here offer elements in a simple form for such experl- mental work which, if rightly pursued, may furnish us with proof that the plants we have been discussing are illustrations of natural hybrids amongst Rhododendrons. Rhododendron dryophyllum,* Balf. f. et Forrest. Eglandular shrub as much as 3 m. high with rigid straight branches. Branches of the year as much as 3 mm. in diameter enwrapped in a buff-coloured thin indumentum of short- stalked rosette-hairs, some with long intertwining vesicular branches, others with short ones, the indumentum persisting more or less for several years appearing as a black coating on the reddened older parts of the branches. Foliage-buds narrow fusiform pointed somewhat chestnut-brown ; outer scale-leaves crustaceous more or less rounded and apiculate or tailed rufous- brown keeled, about 7 mm. long; inner scale-leaves oblong-oval or obovate ; innermost ligulate-spathulate mucronate mem- branous yellowish about 2.5 cm. long, clad like all scale-leaves with a thin tomentose indumentum of branched floccose hairs at first white becoming red and greasy, very dense around the * Sertetics. with leaves like oak—the leaves are quite like those of many “Pos dodendron od ae Balf. f. et Forrest.—Frutex ad 3 m. altus it oblonga vel oblongo-lanceolata ad 14 cm. longa 3.5 cm. lata subrostrata, margine plana, basi cuneata ; supra nitens brunnea (in See, pilorum vestigiis notata, costa media sulcata venis primariis utrinque ad 18 obscuris; infra flavido-fulva BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON, 59 apiculus and mucro, margin floccosely ciliate the hairs becoming rufous-red. Leaves petiolate persisting for 2 or 3 years as much as 16 cm. long patent not deflexing under the flowers ; lamina leathery oblong or oblong-lanceolate as much as 14 cm. long 3-5 cm. broad, apex narrowed to a shortly acuminate beak- like tip with a conspicuous apiculate red terminal hydathode, margin plane slightly cartilaginous, base cuneate or obtuse, sides of the lamina distinctly concave below; upper surface glossy rich umber- brown (when dry) somewhat shagreened glabrescent but showing withered grey or reddish remains of juvenile floccose hairs, midrib grooved reddened and lined by vestiges of floccose hairs, primary veins indistinct as many as 18 on each side; under surface yellow-buff smooth traversed by a prominent slightly pink-tinted midrib, rest of venation concealed, everywhere covered with an indumentum of short- stalked few-branched rosette-hairs the cells of the branches vesicular, some hairs with longer branches interweaving and forming the suéde-like scintillating surface, others with shorter branches more or less overlapped, the contrast between the glistening brown upper and the mat scintillating yellow-buff suede under surface of the leaf very marked ; petiole about 2 cm. long grooved above slightly tinted red or pink clad with a thin tomen- tose indumentum like the twigs. Inflorescence an umbel or very shortly racemose umbel 15-flowered (or more), rhachis brown- floccose under 1 cm. long; inner bracts chartaceous oblong- obovate approaching 2 cm. long pubescent ; bracteoles filiform slightly widened to top as much as 1.2 cm. long shorter than pedicels pilose from base hair-crested ; pedicels 2-2.5 cm. long, strict thin floccosely pubescent eglandular. Calyx small fleshy about 2 mm. long glabrous outside 5-lobed; lobes ovate or rounded about 1.5 mm. long glabrous but for a few minute marginal flocks. Corolla funnel-campanulate about 4 cm. long white tipped-rose with a few crimson markings ; tube glabrous outside, puberulous inside not gibbous at base ; lobes 5 rounded emarginate some 1.8 cm. long 2.2 cm. broad. Stamens Io un- equal much shorter than corolla, longest about 2.5 cm. long with anther 3 mm. long, shortest about 1.5 cm. long with anther 2 mm. long; filaments slightly widened downwards, above the base with a few minute hairs or practically glabrous. Disk finely puberulous below ovary. Gynaeceum about 3.5 cm. long shorter than corolla longer than stamens; ovary thin about 6 mm. long cylindric grooved truncate glabrous the surface very finely papillate ; style glabrous hardly swollen below the lobulate narrow discoid stigma to which it furnishes a narrow lip. ; W.N.-W.-Yunnan. Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28° 12’ N. Alt. 11,000 ft. Open pine forests. Shrub of 8-10 ft. Flowers por 60 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. white tipped-rose with a few crimson markings. G. Forrest. No. 14,107. July 1917. W.N.-W.-Yunnan. Mountains north of Atuntzu. Lat. 28° a5 NS * AR ta oee tte “In open forests. Shrub of 12-16 ft. Flowers flushed rose with crimson markings. G. Forrest. No. 14,115. June A species on Re. Shales of the Lacteum series with foliage recalling that of some of the East Asiatic species of oak now so much cultivated in our gardens. The exact position and the nearest relationships of Rh. dryophylium are not yet certainly determined amongst the many forms of like conformation which Forrest has been collecting in N.W. Yunnan, and which have not yet been fully investigated. Its long narrow leaves, spread- ing, not deflexing, under the inflorescence, with their smooth scin- tillating persistent indumentum below of long and short branched hairs, the loose-trussed umbel, nearly glabrous stamens and glabrous ovary and style associated with the entire absence of glands, are notable characters of the species. Forrest’s specimen from “‘S.E. Tibet. Tsarong. On Ka-gwr- pw, Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28° 30’ N. Alt. 13,000 ft. In open Rhododendron thickets. Shrub of 6-9 ft. Flowers? G. Forrest. No.14,519. August 1917”’ is perhaps this species. Rhododendron erastum,* Balf. f. et Forrest.} Small-leaved creeping undershrub some 7.5 cm. high with thin stems 3-4 mm. in diameter rooting freely showing short annual more or less woolly growths rarely over 2 cm. eac * éoaotéc, ba Woman of its appearance 1 Rhodo dendron evastum Balt, t. 766 Forrest.—Sufirutex repens vix 8 cm minusve floccoso-tomentosa et glandulosa; petiolus circ. 1 cm. longus lanatus. Flores in umbellas terminales 3—4-floras dispositi; bracteae persistentes, intimae membranaceae flavidae eogeenggeet bracteolae laete flavae eens pedicellis vi icelli ceum corolla brevius staminibus longius circ. 1.8 cm. longum; ovarium petasi- forme truncatum circ. 3 mm. longum dense floccosum et glandulis parvis paucis indutum ; stylus glaber. BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 61 producing as many as 8 foliage-leaves which persist for several years and are clad with scale-leaves of the leaf-bud which persist for many years and closely clothe the stems. Branches of the year densely lanate with white long-stalked much-branched hairs covering an inconspicuous series of glands, the wool becoming rufous-brown and persisting for several years. Scale- leaves of the foliage-bud few outer ones some 4 or 5 lanceolate acuminate keeled often pink flock-fringed more or less, the tip particularly floccose the hairs rufous-brown, not crustaceous at expansion but becoming so, persistent at base of shoot; inner scale-leaves about 4 membranous spathulate or ligulate- spathulate acute or mucronulate pale yellowish tinged rose flock-fringed about 1 cm. long 2.3 mm. broad carried up on the elongating shoot ; young leaf revolute in the bud, covered on upper surface with floccose soon deciduous hairs, underside densely lanately tomentose with a few short glands beneath the hairs; petiole densely whitely woolly. Leaves petiolate as much as 3.5 cm. long; lamina thickly leathery oblong or lanceolate as much as 3 cm. long 1 cm. broad, narrowly obtuse with a prominent projecting hydathodal mucro, margin revolute, base subtruncate or obtuse; upper surface olive-green opaque grooved over midrib, primary (about 8 on each side) and ultimate veins marked by traces of fallen juvenile hairs which persist more or less in withered state in groove of midrib; under sur- face paler the midrib and primary veins raised, reticulation of ultimate venation very conspicuous, on midrib and primary veins and about them a rufous-brown tomentum persists in tufts the and glandular. about 2 mm. long 5 I mm. long deltoid red glabrou cCampanulate about 2.2 cm. l blotch; tube glabrous outsid gibbous retuse fleshy at the base with septa; lobes 5 rounded about 7 mm. ong clear rose without spots or e, slightly puberulous inside, 5- 5 imperfect interpetaline long I cm. broad slightly Ugo\ 62 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. emarginate. Stamens 10 subequal, 5 a little shorter than other 5, much shorter than corolla, longer about 1.2 cm. long with anther 1.5 mm. long, shorter about 1 cm. long with anther i mm. long; filaments widened to base, puberulous in lower half. Disk puberulous. Gynaeceum about 1.8 cm. long a little shorter than corolla much longer than stamens; ovary dome-shaped truncate grooved about 3 mm. long densely floccose with white hairs which become rufous-brown, inter- mixed are some stalked ovoid glands; style glabrous slightly clavate at top and forming a narrow bright red lip to the discoid lobulate stigma. W.N.-W.-Yunnan. Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28° 12’ N. Alt. 14,000 ft. On stony alpine meadows. Creeping shrub of 2-3 inches. Flowers clear-rose without markings. G. Forrest. No. 14,373. July 1917. One of the best of the dwarf alpine Rhododendrons discovered by ign rivalling in claims its ally Rh. Forresti, Balf. f. It seems to be a looser-branched plant than Rh. Forrestii, ering a little more and forming slightly longer shoots, and is easily distinguished by several conspicuous characters, of which may be named :—the leaves are oblong or lanceolate, not obovate or elliptic, and have a rufous-brown under-leaf tufted tomentum along the veins; the branchlets are woolly with a few glands beneath not merely glandular; the flowers are in 3-4-flowered umbels occasionally reduced to one flower not normally solitary, and are about half the size of those of Rh. Forresti ; the corolla is a clear-rose, not deep crimson; the staminal filaments are puberulous. We have no fruiting speci- mens of the species, which is a desirable plant for cultivation. Rhododendron eudoxum,* Balf. f. et Forrest.t Shrub barely 2 m. high with twiggy thin branches about 2 mm. in diameter when a year old, not conspicuously * etdofoc, of good report—in allusion to its attractiveness. Bo Rhododendron eudoxum, Balf. f. et Forrest.—Frutex vix 2 m. altus sub- Rami tenues, juveniles floccis glandulisque obtecti demum glabri cinerei subnodulosi. Alabastrorum perulae mox deciduae. Folia petiolata ad 7-5 cm. longa; lamina subcoriacea obovata ad 7 cm. longa 2.5 cm. lata, _apice ( ta, distantibus conspersa, costa media venisque primariis rubrotinctis elevatis ; petiolus 5-7 mm. longus glabrescens. Umbella 5-6-flora; pedicelli ad 2 cm. lon i BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 63 nodular and without a covering of persistent scale-leaves of the foliage-buds, showing short annual growths at most about 2 cm. long bearing rosulate clusters of some 5 leaves, at first reddish soon becoming grey, bearing vestiges of floccose vesicular branched hairs and of stalked ovoid glands. Leaf-bud narrow fusiform pointed, scale-leaves early deciduous; outer scale- leaves crustaceous rounded about 5 mm. long and broad, with a tail or apiculus, followed by longer oblong or oval mucronate ones, all keeled outside puberulous with floccose hairs the hairs clustered densely round the apiculus, margin floccose-ciliate ; inner scale-leaves yellow membranous ligulate-spathulate about 2 cm. long 6 mm. broad rounded shortly mucronulate, silkily puberu- lous inside, densely floccose around the mucro, outside puberu- lous, margin ciliate ; young leaves revolute in the bud sparingly floccose on upper surface densely so and glandular over lower surface of petiole and base of lamina. Leaves petiolate as much-as 7.5 cm. long; lamina thinly leathery obovate or oblong-oval as much as 7 cm. long 2.5 cm. broad, apex rounded with a short red tuberculate projecting mucro, margin carti- laginous: plane, base obtuse; upper surface mat dark olive- green smooth not rugulose or shagreened glabrescent with a grooved midrib, the primary veins some 12 on each side not conspicuous, the midrib lined by withered floccose hairs vestiges of which are seen over the general surface ; under surface paler yellow-green with slightly red-tinted raised midrib and primary veins, the midrib densely floccose with hair vestiges, the general reticulum of venation seen through a thin veil of a more or less withered indumentum composed of floccose distant whitish. branched vesicular rosulate hairs, eglandular ; petiole 5-7 mm. long grooved pinkish showing more or less withered floccose hairs and stalks of glands. Flowers in a terminal 5-6-flowered umbel: bracts and bracteoles falling as flowers open ; pedicels equal about 2 cm. long thin strict divaricate swollen below the calyx densely clad with fasciately branched floccose hairs intermixed with short setulose ovoid red glands. Calyx sub- foliaceous about 7 mm. long with a short fleshy cup and 5 red membranous lobes; cup glandular and floccose outside about I mm. long; lobes unequal all elliptic or oblong-elliptic obtuse or rounded at top, the larger as mhuch as 6 mm. long 4 mm. broad glabrous outside, gland- and floccose-ciliate, the smallest about 2 mm. long, the lobes usually spreading at first fall from the cup so that in older flowers the notched cup rim appears like the whole-calyx. Corolla “ deep —— ——— alae sparingly spotted tubular-campanulate about 3.5 cm. ; tube Fiat a base 5-gibbous with imperfect interpetaline septa inside, the gibbosities deeper coloured, glabrous outside and 64 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. inside; lobes rounded about 1.5 cm. long 1.8 cm. broad emar- ginate. Stamens ro unequal shorter than corolla, longest about 2.5 cm. long with anther 3 mm. long, shortest about 1.5 cm. long with anther 2 mm. long; filaments dilated downwards finely puberulous at very base. Disk finely puberulous below ovary. Gynaeceum nearly equalling in length the corolla much longer than stamens; ovary about 4 mm. long cylindric truncate grooved densely clad with short setulose ovoid glands mixed with a few fasciate floccose hairs; style glabrous stout clavate below the broad lobulate stigma to which it forms a narrow lip. N.W. Yunnan. Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28° 12’ N. Alt. r1,000 ft. In open Rhododendron thickets. Shrub of 6 ft. Flowers deep clear crimson rose with few markings. G. Forrest. No. 14,245. July 1917. S.E. Tibet. Tsarong. On Ka-gwr-pw, Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28° 40’ N. Alt. 13,000 ft. In open thickets and Rhodo- dendron scrub. Shrub of 3 ft. Flowers deep magenta rose. G. Forrest. No. 16,711. July 1918. Rh. eudoxum is one of those bright-flowered small shrubs like Rh. sanguineum, Franch. and its allies, of which N.W. Yunnan has furnished so many. It is a larger plant than most of the members of the Sanguineum series, and differs from them conspicuously in wanting the white or buff-coloured under- leaf surface which is so characteristic of them. The compact though thin indumentum which gives the surface-effect is not developed in Rh. eudoxum, where the under-leaf surface is pale yellowish-green and bears a thin veil of distant dried-up rosette-hairs only. Casual observation might suggest that the leaf-surface is glabrous, but careful looking will reveal the existence of the very slight coating which slightly obscures the green epidermal cells beneath. Other characters of RA. eudoxum are those of a typical member of the Sanguineum series. Its mode of growth is the same—by short annual increments pro- ducing rosulate groups of leaves at the end of the shoots, and with a tendency to thickening of this area of the annual growth so that the branch becomes more or less nodulose. Here the scale-leaves of the bud always fall early, and do not coat the stems as in some of the Sanguineum series. Then the calyx with deciduous membranous lobes, the tubular-campanulate corolla with basal imperfect interpetaline septa, the floccose- glandular ovary and glabrous style are also characters of the Sanguineum series. We must look upon Rh. eudoxum as a member of the series aberrant in its leaf-indumentum. Ygou BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 65 Rhododendron flavorufum,* Balf. f. et Forrest. Shrub of 1-1.5 m. high with many short stout branches eglan- dular in all its parts. Branches from the first quite glabrous becoming red not decorticating for several years. Outer scale-leaves of the foliage-bud crustaceous ovate keeled cucullate mucronulate glabrous outside, puberulous inside at top silky, margin ciliate ; innermost scale-leaves ligulate-spathulate acumi- nate about 3 cm. long 3 mm. broad membranous yellow, ciliate otherwise glabrous; young leaves revolute densely floccose above with white detersile long-branched hairs, the branches cylindric intercurled, underneath yellow and densely covered by an indu- mentum of stout hairs with short stem and straight agglutinate from 6 cm. to 14 cm.; lamina chartaceous oval or elliptic or oblong-oval, varying from 4.5 cm.—12.5 cm. long 2.5 cm.—6 cm. r somewhat glossy then mat and faintly shagreened (in dry state) glabrescent but showing vestiges of juvenile floccose hairs more or less, midrib grooved and lined by withered hairs, primary veins about 12 on each side conspicuous ; under surface at first covered all over by a pale yellow membranous pellicle of in- dumentum composed of hairs with short stem and broad branches agglutinated and clad with wax, later rufous-brown and covered with pimple-like red detersile patches of agglutinate indumental hairs all infiltrated with red secretion, the patches = OR uence allusion to the change of colour of indumentum snengiine fom orufum, Balf. f. et Forrest.—Frutex ad I. 1.5 m. altus edGetens ra rimis brevibus. Ramuli , intimae s gaiued 1plwaldtie acuminatae ciliatae caeteroquin glabrae ; aie revoluta, supra pilis detersilibus dense induta, subtus indumento vestita. Folia petiolata as 9 - sae lamina chartacea ovalis vel ice vel BA neath circ. 3.5 cm, lata apice rotundata vel late obtusa, margine cartilaginea plana, basi oa vel cordulata; supra atro-viridis ‘uvenilium vestigiis plus minusve notata, costa media sulcata ; - ongus. ores i rhachi glabra; bracteae intimae obovata ae formes circ. 7 mm. longae ; pedicelli pase 1.5—2 cm. longi glabri. yx Parvus carneus glaber 5-dentatus. Corolla alba sparsim kermesino-maculata i ta circ. 3 cm. longa, intus dense saaiemy 5-loba ; ulif lobi scene Stamina 10 inaequalia corolla gynaeceoque bre lal Gynaeceum circ. 2.7 cm. longum serps brevius, A gaitone longius ; ovarium glabrum circ. 4 mm, longum ; stylus 66 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. formed by the splitting up of the original pellicle, the intervals between the patches brownish-green showing the epidermis below a thin hair-coating formed of bases of the pellicle hairs which have been torn off to form the rufous patches, in the end reddish blotched green and glabrous owing to fall of all indumentum but vestiges of hairs remain, midrib raised clad like the rest of the surface ; petiole about 1-1.5 cm. long glabrous underneath from the beginning, above at first densely clad with floccose indumentum glabrescent sometimes reddened. Inflorescence a shortly racemose 8-10-flowered umbel, the rhachis about 5 mm. long glabrous ;. outer bracts from rotundate to ovate or oblong-oval keeled concave, the outermost shortly tailed, silky inside glabrous outside, except at the tail which is tomen- tose with wrinkled greasy rufous hairs, more or less ciliate, inner bracts silky on both sides as much as 1.5 cm. long 1 cm. broad, innermost fertile bracts obovate or shortly spathulate .ounded at top and often crimson there silky inside and outside as much as 2 cm. long and over 1 cm. broad; bracteoles filiform pilose from base about 7.5 mm. long shorter than pedicels ; pedicels unequal 1.5-2 cm. long green glabrous. Calyx small fleshy saucer-shaped glabrous about 1 mm. long with 5 minute teeth. Corolla funnel-campanulate white with a few crimson posterior spots about 3 cm. long closely puberulous inside towards base, glabrous outside not gibbous 5-lobed; lobes rounded emar- ginate about 1 cm. long 1.5 cm. broad. Stamens Io unequal much shorter than corolla and gynaeceum, longest about 2.2 cm. long with anther 3 mm. long, shortest about r cm. long with anther 2 mm. long; filaments widening downwards, from the base all villous to the middle or beyond. Disk glabrous. Gynaeceum about 2.7 cm. long shorter than corolla longer than stamens; ovary conoid truncate glabrous about 4 mm. long; style glabrous slightly clavate at tip and forming a lip _ to the narrower lobulate stigma. Capsule slightly oblique to pedicel obovoid or oblong-ovoid glabrous black nearly straight about 1.7 cm. long 5 mm. in diameter dehiscing by 5 valves from the apex leaving a short stylopod around base of persistent style. Seeds pale chestnut-brown about 2 cm. long 1 cm. broad, complanate oblong without wings blunt at both ends, sometimes prolonged slightly at chalazal end, without terminal arils. .E. Tibet. Tsarong. On Ka-gwr-pw, Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28° 20’ N. Alt. 14,000 ft. On cliffs and rocky slopes. Shrub of 3-5 ft. Flowers soft rose with a few crimson marl G. Forrest. No. 14,345. July 1917; on cliffs. Shrub ot 2-5 ft. Foliage only. G. Forrest. No. 14,341. July, 1917. S.E. Tibet. Tsarong. On Ka-gwr-pw, Mekong-Salween BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 67 divide. Lat. 28° 25’ N. Alt. 14,000 ft. Open rocky slopes and on the margins of pine forests. Shrub of 2-4 ft. Flowers rose. G. Forrest. No. 14,368. July 1917. S.E. Tibet. Tsarong. On Ka-gwr-pw, Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28° 30’ N. Alt. 12,000-13,000 ft. Open rocky slopes. Shrub of 4-6 ft. Flowers white, flushed rose exterior, without or with very few markings. G. Forrest. No. 14,732. Aug. 1917. S.E. Tibet. Tsarong. G. Forrest. Nos. 14,776, 14,786. Sept. 1917. Duplicate in fruit. S.E. Tibet. Tsarong. G. Forrest. No. 14,799. Duplicate in fruit. W.N.-W.-Yunnan. G. Forrest. Nos. 14,802, 14,806. Sept. 1917. Duplicate in fruit. . Tibet. Tsarong. On Ka-gwr-pw, Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28° 30’ N. ‘Alt. 14,000 ft. On open rocky slopes. Shrub of 6-10 ft. In fruit. G. Forrest. No. 14,810. Sept. IgI7. The striking feature of this Rhododendron is its indumentum on the leaf under surface. In the bud both surfaces of the leaf are densely clad by hairs. Those on the upper surface are beautifully shaped flocks having a definite stalk; from its base upwards proceed long unicellular thick-walled pointed branches curling and more or less interlocking with those of neighbouring hairs. As the leaf unfolds these flocks fall off, a few withered vestiges remaining. The lower indumentum is composed of two kinds of hairs, some—fewer—like those of the upper surface, others with thin-walled septate vesicular branches which are agglutinate almost from the first, and between which the thick-walled floccose hairs pass upwards. When the leaf expands these agglutinate hairs form a thin pellicle bright yellow in colour, apparently from a secretion of wax, and the pellicle is continuous over the whole under surface. But long before the leaf has reached adult size a remarkable change takes place in two directions. First of all in colour. The hairs change to a red-brown, as if infiltrated with a resin-like substance. Then the indumentum pellicle breaks up as the leaf extends into patches equally distributed over the surface of the leaf. So uniform is the size of the patches, although their outline is not so, and so uniform their distribu- tion, that the phenomenon can hardly be accidental. The leaf- surface appears covered by reddish-brown scale-like patches separated by intervals in which the green leaf-tissue is visible thinly concealed by bases of hairs detached and held in the agglutinate scale-like patches. These scale-like patches seem to dry up and are separable from the leaf. In older _— they 68 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. may fall off, as do the hair-bases on the intermediate areas, and the leaf becomes quite glabrous. A character of attunement having a development such as has been described may be expected to show arrests or ex- acerbations in relation to environmental conditions, and the long series of specimens which Forrest has collected exhibit the indumentum-character in various stages. In some of the specimens the young leaves with yellow indumentum do not appear, possibly because of the stage of development of the plant from which they were plucked; in others the indumentum becomes bright brown, not dark red, or it is only buff-coloured. In what I have described as the typical form the agglutinate patches of indumentum after it splits appear as so many “‘ scabs ” on the surface, and give it a by no means attractive look, but in other cases the splitting proceeds in undulate lines along the long axis of the leaf, giving the surface an areolate aspect with- out reaching the stage of isolation of the agglutinate patches. In some specimens the indumentum, so long as it is in the yellow stage, is continuous and unsplit, in others it is split at this stage. The difference between the appearance of the leaves in typical cases where the scab-like patches are well developed and cases in which there are only a few undulate lines of splitting is very conspicuous, and when these forms of splitting are associated with long and short leaves respectively, or with broad and narrow leaves, the question of specific identity of the forms naturally arises, particularly when, as in so many of the specimens that have been collected, only foliage or foliage with fruit is shown. I believe that they all belong to one species, and that the variation in leaf-size and indumentum- splitting is to be attributed to climatic conditions of the habitat. Forrest’s opinion upon this we should much like to have. He has called attention to the foliage-character of the plant as giving it value horticulturally. There is no doubt about the affinity of this remarkable Rhododendron. It belongs to the Taliense series, which in- cludes eglandular forms with elliptic or oval or oblong-oval thick fleshy leaves showing rounded or cordulate base and a dense tomentose bistrate under-leaf indumentum often agglutinate in its upper stratum, usually persistent—but here splitting and often shed in agglomerate scale-like patches—small calyx, campanu- late or funnel-campanulate 5-lobed (sometimes more) corolla, ro (sometimes more) stamens with hairy filaments, a glabrous ovary and glabrous style. Rh. taliense, Franch., was the first described species of the series, and it seems to be unknown outside the Tali Range in Mid West-Yunnan. In 1913 Forrest brought from the Chungtien plateau, in the east of N.W. 4303 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 69 Yunnan, Rh. Clementinae, Forrest et W. W. Sm., a large-leaved form with 7 corolla-lobes and 14 stamens. In the same year Kingdon Ward discovered Rh. aganniphum, Balf. f. et Ward, on Ka-gwr-pw and Doker-la in the Tsarong of S.E. Tibet. Now Forrest’s exploration of S.E. Tibet and the adjacent area of Western North-West Yunnan shows that the series is repre- sented by other Eber in that region, and Rh. flavorufum is one of them. On p. 131 will be found a description of Rh. schizopeplum, Balf. f. zt Forrest, from the Mekong-Salween ivide, a form with splitting indumentum but on different me from that of Rh. flavorufum. And there are others yet to described. The series is widespread apparently, but of all oe orms known no one exhibits features of indumentum so re- markable as those from which Rh. favorufum takes its name. Rhododendron Griersonianum,* Balf. f. et Forrest.f Shrub about 2 m. high with stiff straight gland-setulose and car raaNge branchlets, petioles, and pedicels. Branchlets a year old as much as 4 mm. in diameter densely clad with a bistrate ss Beinn of long brown setae ending in an ovoid dark-red gland (not sticky in dry state) forming an upper stratum, and dendriform much-branched hairs with brown pluri- cellular stem and long-branched interwoven white branches form- ing a lower stratum, setae and hairs more or less persistent for a year or two, then falling and leaving wart-like traces on the brownish or grey bark. Foliage-buds acute spinescent at apex ; outermost scale-leaves elongated triangular obtuse glabrous glossy inside, tomentose outside, ciliate; inner scale-leaves narrow somewhat ensiform rigid, traver. sed by se veral veins tapering to a long somewhat spine-like subulate tip glossy inside, tomentose outside, ciliate, conduplicate convolute ; young leaves revolute in bud. Leaves petiolate as much as 18 cm. long distributed along the twigs not aggregated at the * Named in compliment to Grierson, Esq., of the Chinese Maritime Customs at Tengyueh, whose help I gratefully acknowledge. Pet FoRREST. {| Rhododendron aan a Balf. f. et Forrest.—Fru 2 m. al Ramuli stricti recti cum petiolis pedicellisque glanduloso-s praea et tomentosi. m perulae subspinescentes. Folia elongato-lanceolata angusta ad lon, dis +t maculati, fragrantes. Calyx parvus. tees cm. sonea limbus infundibuliformi-campanulatus Ss to corolla Discus puberulus. Gynaeceum corollam subaequans ; ri glanduloso-setulosum ; stylus aa pen basim minutissime stigma latum atro-rubens lobulatum 70 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. summit ; lamina leathery usually narrowly elongated lanceo- late some 12 cm. long and 3 cm. broad but sometimes longer and broader up to 16 cm. and 5 cm. broad, acute or shortly acuminate with a conspicuous red horny hydathodal mucro, margin slightly recurved cartilaginous entire, base obtuse ; upper surface pale mat green flat not shagreened apparently glabrous but showing vestiges of an early tomentose indumentum, punctulate with the red bases of fallen setae, midrib slightly grooved, primary veins as many as 12-14 on each side hardly visible ; under side buff-coloured entirely covered by a uni- strate tomentose indumentum of dendriform hairs with long many-celled brown stalks spreading into many long branch- ings of cylindric cells which become densely interwoven but never agglutinate, indumentum detersile exposing a bright green leaf-surface, midrib prominent also tomentose, rest of venation hidden; petiole grooved above 2-3 cm. long densely tomentose and setulose the setulae often extending along the margin to the base of the leaf. Flowers few (5-6) in a terminal umbellate raceme; rhachis about 2 cm. long rufous-brown glandular-setose and tomentose ; outer sterile bracts unknown, inner oblong-oval or oval tapered into a long acuminate stiff tip, about 3.5 mm. long tail longer than the base of the bract, tomentose outside, silky inside, innermost fertile bracts oblong cucullate about 5 cm. long 1.8 cm. broad thin membranous with many converging veins long apiculate or tailed, tail much shorter than body of bract outside and inside more or less silky ; bracteoles about 2 cm. long 1.5 mm. broad somewhat vaginate at base narrowly ligulate, throughout hairy with dendriform hairs hair-crested; pedicels stout about 4 cm. long set on oblique to axis of flower densely gland-setulose and tomentose with dendriform hairs. Calyx small densely setulose and tomentose ; cup with 5 short oblong similarly clothed teeth. Corolla about 6.5 cm. long bright rose spotted darker posteriorly as much as 6.5 cm. long with a cylindric tube and funnel- campanulate limb, outside tomentose with fasciately branched hairs; tube as much as 2 cm. long thick 5-gibbous at base inside puberulous, expanding into the 5-lobed limb; lobes rounded about 2 cm. long 2.5 cm. broad. Stamens 10 shorter than corolla unequal, longest about 5.5 cm. long with oblong anther 4 mm. long, shortest about 4.5 cm. long with anther 3.5 mm. long; filaments flattened and wider at base, finely puberulous from very base through three-quarters or more of length. Disk finely puberulous. Gynaeceum about equal to corolla; ovary conoid truncate about 5 mm. long grooved densely covered with adpressed fasciately-branched brown hairs intermixed with short glandular setulae which form a crest at BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 71 top concealing base of style; style at base where concealed clad with a few hairs otherwise glabrous bright red expanded at. top and forming a conspicuous lip below the dark black-red lobulate broad discoid stigma. . Yunnan. Shweli-Salween divide, Shweli Valley. Alt. gooo ft. Lat. 25° 20’ N. Open situations in pine and mixed forests. Shrub of 5-7 ft. ae bright rose, fragrant. G., Forrest. No. 15,815. Jun A species with a icdantiehine corolla. The long cylindric tube below the abruptly open limb shows no obliquity, and is densely hairy outside. It recalls in form that of the pee my series, but the plant is no near relation of that series. it should be placed I am unable at the moment to Rete HBO Rhododendron haemaleum,* Balf. f. et Forrest.T Small undershrub about 5 dm. high with thin straight short branches about 2 mm. in diameter when a year old, not clothed with persistent scale-leaves, showing more or less for a year or two the vestiges of a juvenile indumentum of floccose hairs, bearing leaves in rosulate clusters of 5-6 at end of each year’s shoots which become tumid and make the older branches more or less nodulose, leaves not persisting through a second year, bark becoming a dark grey before decortication. Outer scale-leaves of the foliage-bud leathery rounded below apiculate or shortly-tailed keeled pubescent with adpressed floccose hairs outside, sericeous at top inside, margin erose and * giuadéoc, blood-red—in allusion to the colour of the flow T Rhododendron haemaleum, Balf. f. et Forrest.—Su frutex 1 nanus ad 5 dm. asse coriacea oblanceolata floccosa pilis caducis. Folia ad 9 cm longa ; cr vel oblonga vel obovata vel oblongo-obova longa cm. ad tu tiolum subalatum attenuata; supra comspicuus circ. 3.5 : cupula atro-coccinea pu escens ; lobi 5 circ - gi coccinei ovati vel oblongi obtusi extus gla oH ciliati demum reflexi et decid r a a carnea campan ta terpetalini omnino glaber; lobi 5 patentes rotundati emargina Stamina 10 a corolla gynaeceoque breviora ; filamen ta albida basi puberula. Discus glaber Gynaeceum corolla paullo brevius aes paullo longius ; ovarium circ. 3. : mm. longum cylindrico-conoideum truncatum pilis fasciatis rufescentibus dense tomentosum eglandulosum ; stylus glaber. 2 72 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. floccosely ciliate; innermost scale-leaves ligulate-spathulate shortly acuminate or acute or erose with an apiculus in the sinus membranous yellow with conspicuous midrib as much as 1.6 cm. long 3 mm. broad ciliate with long branched hairs, at the top and about the apiculus densely clad with rufous floccose hairs, more or less sericeous inside ; young leaves revolute, covered on the upper surface with soft floccose white hairs with few branches falling as the leaf expands. Leaves petiolate as much as 9 cm. long usually less; lamina thickly leathery oblanceolate or oblong or obovate or oblong-obovate as much as 8 cm. long 2.5 cm. broad commonly much less, apex obtuse or somewhat rounded ending in a prominent hydathodal dark red mucro, margin cartilaginous slightly recurved, base tapered and forming a slight wing to the petiole; upper surface dark olive-green rugulose slightly shagreened glabrous but with vestiges of fallen hairs particularly in the groove of midrib, primary veins (some 14 in longer leaves, 8-10 in shorter) and a few secondary veins grooved; under surface grey-white the glab- rescent midrib (a few floccose hairs occur) prominent red- tinted, the primary veins slightly prominent ascending with a curve at an acute angle covered as is whole surface by a compact not markedly detersile indumentum forming a smooth scintillating surface and composed of shortly-stalked hairs dividing at the top of stalk into many horizontal branches of wide cells spreading laterally and interweaving but not agglu- tinating forming a canopy over the epidermis—some of the hairs have very short stalks and suggest a second stratum of the indumentum but I do not see that they truly form one; petiole in long leaves I cm. in shorter about 5 mm. long glabrescent but with vestiges of juvenile adpressed branched indumental hairs grooved above, groove more or less open. Flowers in 3-5-flowered terminal umbels ; outermost bracts like those of foliage-bud, followed by orbicular crustaceous bracts with an apiculus and more or less whitely pubescent outside, erose and ciliate, innermost bracts oblong-obovate or broadly spathu- late about 1.2 cm. long 5 mm. broad somewhat chartaceous retuse at apex with an apiculus or mucro in the sinus sericeous outside and slightly so inside at the top, finely ciliate with white hairs below, clad with compact rufous hairs around the — apex ; bracteoles filiform slightly widened at top pilose from base and white hair-crested as much as 1.2 cm. long sometimes as long as the pedicel; pedicels slender unequal divaricate straight expanding below the calyx as much as 2.5 cm. long often only 1.2 cm. more or less pubescent with floccose spread- ing fasciate hairs, eglandular. Calyx conspicuous cupular about 3-5 mm. long ; cup dark black-crimson densely floccose tomen- BALFOUR—N=W SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 73 tose ; lobes broadly ovate or oblong-obtuse about 2 mm. long bright red glabrous outside, floccose-ciliate reflexing and ulti- mately falling. Corolla “‘ black-crimson,”’ fleshy tubular-cam- panulate about 2.8 cm. (sometimes 4 cm.) long ; tube 5-gibbous at base imperfectly septate within, glabrous inside and outside expanding into a spreading limb with 5 lobes; lobes rounded emarginate and crenulate about 1.2 cm. long and _ broad. Stamens ro unequal shorter than corolla, longer about 2.4 cm. long with dark brown oblong anther about 3.5 mm. long, shorter about 1.3 cm. long with anther about 3 mm. long; fila- ments white slightly widened to a darker-coloured base faintly puberulous over 2 or 3 mm. from the base. Disk glabrous. Gynaeceum about 2.6 cm. long in smaller flowers, a little shorter than or about equal to corolla; ovary about 3.5 mm. long cylindrico-conoid grooved densely tomentose with indu- mentum of stout thick-stemmed floccose fasciate hairs with thick-walled cylindric pointed branches, stalks somewhat rufe- scent, eglandular; style glabrous throughout expanding into the discoid lobulate slightly lipped stigma. S.E. Tibet. Mekong-Salween divide, N.W. from Tzeku. Lat. 28° 15’ N. Alt. 11,000 ft. Open rocky situations in side valleys. G. Forrest. No. 5073. Aug. 1904. W.N.-W.-Yunnan. Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28° 20’ N. Alt. 13,000 ft. Open rocky moorland. Shrub of 2 ft. Flowers black crimson. G. Forrest. No. 14,166. July 1917. S.E. Tibet. Tsarong. On Ka-gwr-pw, Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28° 25’ N. Alt. 12,000 ft. In Rhododendron scrub on the margins of forests. Shrub of 2-4 ft. Flowers. black crimson. G. Forrest. No. 16,736. July 1918. Its dark crimson flower—‘ black-crimson ’’ Forrest calls it —makes Rh. haemaleum one of the most striking species of the many new Rhododendrons obtained by Forrest during and, introduced to cultivation, it should his explorations, t s degree race-development within the influence in no ordinary genus. Forrest first found it in 1904 in the region N.W. of Tzeku, and it came to this country as a small fragmentary specimen— saved from the collections of that year destroyed by the Lamas, —one of several beautiful new plants in like case which we are only now getting to know better through Forrest’s present explorations. I do not think it can have been found by any of the French missionaries who collected in the vicinity of Tzeku before Forrest tapped the region. At least It did not see any specimens of it at Paris in 1906, and I hesitated to name Forrest’s small specimen. Diels, however, named it Rh. sanguineum, and under that name it appears in Plantae 74 BALFOUR—NEw SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. Chinenses Forrestianae.* But it is not Franchet’s Rh. san- guineum as that appears in Soulié’s plant under No. 1015, of which we have specimens for which I am indebted to M. Lecomte of the Paris Herbarium, though it belongs to the same phylum. Its marks of recognition are: first of all the dark colour of the corolla and the larger typically oblanceolate leaves ; in addition, it has much smaller buds and scale-leaves covering them, leaves more rugulose above, fewer-flowered umbels, smaller bracts, stamens with white puberulous not glabrous filaments. Rh. sanguineum is only briefly diagnosed by Franchet. I translate here what he says :— Rhododendron sanguineum, Franch.,} in Journ. de Bot., xii (1898), 259. ‘‘ Leaves most shortly petiolate obovate or oblong-obovate, 4-6 cm. long 2-2.5 cm. broad rounded at the apex an mucronate opaque above glabrous clad beneath with a very thin white stratum. Flowers 6-10 loosely congested blood- corolla with glabrous filaments. Ovary rufously lanate ; style glabrous ; stigma capitate thick. “Yunnan. Sela, between the Mekong and Salween. Soulié, 1015. — 1895. * r Rh. ‘haematodss, Franch., which it is very like in ainsi "Tr differs, however, in— “ The leaves without tomentum beneath even when young. “ The calyx, of which the lobes are not developed. * Notes, R.B.G. Edin., vii Ae?) 296. { Franchet’s s description Seat Rh. sanguineum, Franch. Folia brevissime petiolata, obovata vel oblongo- vata, apice rotundata cum mucronulo, supra opaca, glabra, subtus strato poriaan mo albo ves tita, 4-6 cen mt. longa, 20-25 mm. lata; flores 6—10, laxe co} peduncu breviter et laxe lanuginosis ; calycis lobi vix evoluti; corolla 30-35 mm. longa, campanulata, 5-loba; stamina ro, corolla breviora, filamentis glabris ; ovariu rufo-lanatum, stylo glabro, stigmate capitato crasso. Setchuen occidental, a Séla entre le Mékong et la Salouen, 20 juin 1895 (R. P. 15). Newnig 2 du am haemaiodes, dont il a tout A fait aspect, il en différe par son ; par sa corolle a 5 lobes et ses étamines au nombre de 10; par ses deniiien dénriar-vuce de tomentum en dessous, méme e. La couche crustacée qu’on observe a la face inférieure des feuilles de quelques Rhododendron n’est souvent que le strate inférieur d’un véritable tomentum ; mais dans le Rh. Sanguineum, ainsi que dans le Rh. lacteum et quelques autres, Yindument laineux fait réellement défaut. BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON, 75 “The corolla, which has 5 lobes. “The stamens, which are 10. “ The crustaceous layer which appears on the under-leaf sur- face of some Rhododendrons is often only the lower stratum of a true tomentum, but in Rh. sanguineum as well as in Rh. lacteum and some others the woolly indumentum is really absent.” In the specimens of Soulié’s collecting which are in our herbarium there is not evidence of two characters of the in- florescence recorded by Franchet—the loosely congested flowers and the large number of flowers. As in all Forrest’s specimens the flowers form an open spreading umbel and are never more than 3-4 in number in each umbel. The difference is not perhaps of importance. . More important is a criticism of the calyx-character given by Franchet. Rh. sanguineum and all its allies have a well- developed calyx, but the examination of dried material may easily mislead one to the belief expressed in “ calyx-lobes scarcely developed,’’ because the calyx-lobes are apparently deciduous or at least shrivel as the flower matures and are easily rubbed off, leaving only the calyx-cup with an irregular notching of its rim. This in default of specimens showing the history of development may fairly be described in Franchet’s terms, for in dried specimens the recognition of the notches of the calyx-rim as scars of fallen lobes is difficult and at best somewhat uncertain. The material now supplied by Forrest of Rh. sanguineum and of its allies enables me to arrive at the correct interpretation of the construction, and establishes the calyx-character here as one of particular interest and value in the determination of phyletic relationships. The fact that in the note to his description Franchet uses the calyx- character as defined by him for one of the distinctions between Rh. sanguineum and Rh. haematodes does not vitiate the main point of the note—recognition of likeness to and of differ- ence from Rh. haematodes. The calyx in the two species 1s almost 2 cm. long. In incision of the lobes. developments parallel with those to w * Franch. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr., xxxiii (1886), 232. + Id. Lc. xxxiv (1887), 280. These variations are of mterest as hich reference has been 76 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. made in the case of Rh. dimitrum and of Rh. neriiflorum (see p. 54). The flower-character of difference between Rh. sanguineum and Rh. haematodes 5 petals, 10 stamens in the former, 6 petals 12 stamens in the latter, is not a valid one. Both species are characteristically pentamerous. Where Franchet does furnish definite point for diagnosis is in the indumentum of the leaf underside. Here there is an easily recognisable difference, although fundamentally the in- dumentum in the two species is moulded on the same lines. I refer to this specially, because Franchet shows customary per- spicacity in his appreciation of indumentum. The indumentum _ of Rh. sanguineum on the leaf underside forms a thin white covering smooth and scintillating. Under magnification the surface appears honeycombed by the interlacing of hairs spread- ing out more or less parallel with the plane of the leaf-surface ; the whole surface is compact, there are no long hairs standing up like wool. The indumentum is formed of a series of shortly- stalked hairs, the stalks relatively stout and from the top giving off many horizontally spreading branches, the branches of adjacent hairs overlapping and interpenetrating, each branch being a thin-walled broad cell vesicular when mature. The branch-system forms a canopy over the leaf-surface supported as it were on pillars formed by the hair-stalks, and thus a chamber of still air, so important a contrivance for checking rapidity of transpiration, is provided. But these stalks are not all of quite the same length, and some of the hairs have stalks so short as to give them a different appearance from their neighbours with longer stalks. There is therefore an approach to a bistrate character in the indumentum, though it is not of the conspicuous well-marked character found in some other species of Rhodo- dendron. But it is significant that in species very closely allied to Rh. sanguineum, for instance in Rh. citriniflorum, Balf. f. et Forrest (see p. 37), an emphatic development of the bistrate type occurs, and this may be regarded as a link between the less-developed state in Rh. sanguineum and the much more developed state in Rh. haematodes. For in Rh. haematodes a bistrate indumentum is typical. Its surface is buff-coloured, not white. No magnification is necessary to show its loose honeycombed surface, and if one does use a lens of even low magnifying power the long openly interwoven threads of the hair-branches stand out upon the surface in very different fashion from what is seen in Rh. sanguineum, and pressure with the finger of the surface in the two cases reveals to touch the soft resilient thick woolliness in Rh. haematodes in contrast with the hard unimpressible surface in Rh. san- BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 77 guineum. The construction in Rh. haematodes is this :—There are a number of hairs with long cord-like stems of many cells from which thin cylindric thick-walled ascending and divari- cate branches proceed at intervals to the top, where are many, and these, particularly the topmost ones, become rufous-brown. These long-stemmed branching hairs interweave and form the loose upper stratum of indumentum. Attached to the epidermis between these are many short-stalked hairs with many branches radiating from the top of the stalk—the branches uncoloured, of broad thin-walled vesicular cells—and they form a lower stratum of indumentum. They are invisible under the upper stratum of the branched stems of the longer hairs. We thus have two quite distinct strata of the indumentum. There is no such development of an upper stratum in Rh. sanguineum, and this is what Franchet means when he says of RA. sanguineum —‘‘ the leaves without tomentum beneath even when young.”’ The tomentum, the woolly surface, in Rh. haematodes is formed by the upper stratum. The whole indumentum of Rh, san- guineum may be taken as the equivalent of the under stratum in Rh. haematodes. In Rh. citriniflorum, as has been stated, there is a beginning of the formation of an upper stratum. In no specimens of Rh. haematodes which have come under my observation does the upper stratum of indumentum fall off in the older leaves. The end branches of its hairs sometimes become matted together in part, and the surface network of hairs is obscured: that is all the change I have seen. There is not in Rh. haematodes, as happens in species with bistrate indumentum such as members of the Hodgsoni series, a removal of the usually coloured upper stratum as the leaf oldens, exposing the close usually grey under stratum. If there were we should get a leaf-surface like that of Rh. sanguineum. Rh. sanguineum shows what for purposes of contrast—though I express no opinion upon order of evolu- tion—we may call a primary condition of one stratum of white compact hairs; Rh. haematodes shows a more developed condition of an upper stratum of looser tomentose hairs above a lower stratum, and both persist ; Rh. Hodgsoni, Hook. f. shows an evolution of strata like that of Rh. haematodes, but the older leaves lose the tomentose upper stratum and expose the compact white under stratum and thus revert to the primary condition. This is the difference In construction of indumentum to which Franchet directs attention in the last paragraph of his note. It should be borne in mind that Rh. sanguineum and Rh. haematodes are species which do not touch geographically. The latter is limited to the Tali Range and its vicinity about 78 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. lat. 25° 40’ N., long. 100° E., whilst Rh. sanguinewm is a type of the Mekong-Salween divide in the extreme N.W. of Yunnan extending from Mount Sela in about lat. 28° N. to Ka-gwr-pw in about lat. 28° 35’ N. and around long, 98° E. In view of the shortness of Franchet’s diagnosis and the criticism of it introduced above it may be well, and conduce to a better understanding of likeness and difference, if I give here the following emended description of the species :— Rhododendron sanguineum Franch., in Journ. de Bot., xii (1898), 259. Small undershrub not 1 m. high, with thin straight short glabrous branches about 2.5 mm. in diameter when a year old bearing leaves in a rosette of 4-5 at the end of each year’s growth, the leaves persisting for about 2 years but not always, the older stems not clad with persistent scale-leaves of foliage- bud, the branches soon becoming grey-white and decorticating in thin flakes. Foliage-buds oblong narrowly oval ; outer scale- leaves deciduous as bud opens crustaceous with a rounded or oblong base and a prominent apiculus or short tail rising from a truncate summit, keeled, outside along the middle shortly floccosely tomentose densely so around the apiculus and the airs there brown, ciliate; inner scale-leaves ligulate-spathu- Beg narrow as much as 2 cm, long 4 mm. broad yellow with a brownish midrib membranous truncate or retuse at top with a short apiculus, glabrous outside, sericeous at top inside, floccose- tomentose around the apiculus, ciliate ; young leaves revolute in bud, floccose above, the hairs early deciduous. Leaves petio- late as much as 6 cm. long often less; lamina leathery obovate or oblong-obovate or oval or narrowly oblong as much as 5.5 cm. long 2.5 cm. broad, rounded or obtuse at apex ending in a conspicuous hydathodal mucro, margin narrowly cartilaginous plane, base obtuse and slightly prolonged wing-like on the petiole ; upper surface dark green opaque glabrous but the midrib red-tinted groove showing some withered hairs ; primary veims some 10-12 on each side hardly visible or very slightly grooved, under surface grey-white with streaks of red marking the prominent midrib and primary veins, the surface covered with a thin skin of indumentum composed of shortly- stalked hairs which branch freely and their branches spreading outwards interweave to form a honeycombed somewhat scintil- lating surface but the hairs are not agglutinate, they form a canopy over the epidermis,—some shorter-stalked hairs amongst the shorter broader and more prostrate branches suggest a second stratum of hairs beneath the canopy but it is not well _ developed ; petiole red as much as 1 cm. long usually at BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 79 when young densely tomentose glabrescent grooved above the groove somewhat open. Flowers in a 3—4-flowered terminal umbel; outermost bracts like the outer scale-leaves of the foliage-buds, these followed by broad orbicular crustaceous dark- brown bracts retuse at summit with an apiculus in the sinus outside and inside more or less sericeous the margin undulate somewhat erose with long cilia, innermost bracts yellow some- what membranous oblong-oval cucullate densely sericeous out- side and inside and densely ciliate ; bracteoles linear-claviform about 5 mm. long yellow, from the base pilose white hair-crested ; pedicels unequal, 1-3 cm. long stiff divaricate more or less densely floccosely woolly conspicuously swollen below the calyx. Calyx 2-3.5 mm. long ; cup outside somewhat floccosely woolly ; lobes about 1 mm. long bright red membranous ovate or rounded or semi-lunate glabrous outside, floccose-ciliate, at first adpressed to corolla, reflexing later and often deciduous. Corolla as much as 3.5 cm. long often less, widely campanulate bright crimson without spots or blotch ; tube glabrous outside and inside fleshy below 5-gibbous retuse with faint interpetaline incomplete septa ; lobes rounded 1.5 cm. long and 1.8 cm. broad emarginate crenu- late. Stamens 10 subequal or conspicuously unequal shorter than corolla and gynaeceum, longest about 2.5 cm. long with anther 2.4 mm. long, shortest about 1.6 cm. long with anther 2mm. long; filaments thin and slightly widened downwards, glabrous. Disk glabrous. Gynaeceum about 3 cm. long a little longer than stamens shorter than corolla; ovary about 4 mm. long cylindrico-conoid truncate densely woolly tomentose with rufous-brown reddening fasciately - branched long hairs and many short rosette-hairs beneath ; style glabrous stout clavate and forming a lip under the broad lobulate discoid stigma. W.N.-W.-Yunnan. Sela. Leaves white beneath. Flowers a shade of orange. ee 1015. 25th June 1895; Soulié, 1or5 bis. 13th July 1895. S.E. Tibet. Mekoae Sanened Bae to the N.W. of Tzeku. Open rocky situations. Lat. 28° 12’ N. Alt. 12,000 ft. G. Forrest. No. 503. July 1904- W.N.-W.-Yunnan. Tzeku. Monbeig. No. 168. 1897. S.E. Tibet. Ka-gwr-pw Glacier valley. 13,000—14,000 ft. Granite screes. Dwarf. Kingdon Ward. No. 575. 27th June IgI : W. N.-W.-Yunnan. Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28°10’ N. Alt. 13,000 ft. Amongst scrub in open situations. Shrub of 3-4 Ft. In fruit. G. Forrest. No. 13,304. Sept. 1914. In gt4. N.W. Yunnan. On the Kari Pass. Lat. 28° N. Alt. 12,000 ft. Open pasture and on the margins of pine and Rhodo- 80 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON, dendron forest. Shrub of 1-1} ft. Flowers crimson scarlet. G. Forrest. No. 14,012. June 1917. S.E. Tibet. On Ka-gwr-pw. Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28° 30’ N. Alt. 14,000 ft. Open rocky pasture. Shrub of 15-20 ins. Flowers deep crimson, almost black in bud. G. Forrest. No. 14,533. Aug. 1917? Rh. sanguineum and Rh. haemaleum are allied plants of a phylum which appears to be widespread in N.W, Yunnan, and it shows, as we find so frequently in the West Chinese flora, several microforms bearing distinctive characters which compel us in the present state of our knowledge to use specific designations for the plants exhibiting them. In this paper appear the additional names Rh. citriniflorum, Balf. f. et Forrest, Rh, cloiophorum, Balf. f. et Forrest, Rh. eudoxum, Balf. f. et Forrest, Rh, leucopetalum, Balf. {. et Forrest, and Rh. roseotinctum, Balt. f. et Forrest, all of them of plants nearly allied to Rh. sanguineum —of its phylum—but yet differing from it. The whole of them are dwarf plants having relatively small thick foliage-leaves more or less rugulose above and with white indumentum below (excepting Rh, eudoxum); the stems frequently clad with per- sistent scale-leaves of the bud and often setulose ; the flowers in usually few-flowered terminal umbels; the calyx with coloured lobes drying and often deciduous ; the corolla some form of campanulate, fleshy and brilliantly coloured a tint of red or orange, often with interpetaline imperfect septa; the stamens. shorter than corolla and gynaeceum with glabrous or puberu- lous filaments; the ovary tomentose and sometimes also glandular ; the style a little shorter than corolla. The following key gives some of the diagnostic marks between them :— Under-leaf surface “clase aii with scattered floc- cose Scale-leaves of the the foliage-buds falling at expansion. Pedicels and ovaries glandular. Filaments of stamens puberulous. Calyx-lobes membranous red glabrous i gland- and flock-fringed. Corolla tubular-campanulate dar dark rose eudoxum. Under-leaf tele white, grey, or buff-coloured, com- etely covered by indum ntum. Scale leven of thefoliag g Pedicels and ovaries ies eglan orks :. Filaments of stamens glabrous. Calyx- one fleshy dark-crimson floccose- we Corolla campanulate dark a sanguineum. Calyx lobes membranous yellow ‘deciduous, on back and _ floccose-ciliate. Corolla openly ronnie or white . . leucopetalum.. BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 81 Filaments of stamens puberulous. ae ae mee ae ae floccose Core lla . tublar-campanulate dark black- rimso haemaleum. Pedicels ae ovaries glandular. Filaments of stamens puberulous, Calyx-lobes setulose - glandular on back, gined ro . : i : é . roseotinctum. Scale-leaves of the foliage-buds persistent after Pedicels and ovaries Scart a Filaments of stamens glabro Calyx-lobes yellow membraiious deciduous, Corolla tubular-campanulate rose. ‘ cloiophorum. Pedicels and ovaries glandular. Filaments of stamens puberulous Calyx-lobes greenish membranous setulose- glandular and floccose on back, setulose- gland-ciliate. Corolla campanulate bright ci lemon-yellow (rose-coloured sometimes) . citriniflorum. These plants are all dwarf alpines growing on ledges of clifis or amongst boulders in open situations at elevations of 13,000- 14,000 ft. north of 28° lat. The type occurs also further south, sometimes in plants of larger growth. To it belongs Rh. nerii- florum, Franch.—an aggregate seemingly which awaits analysis— with a centre of distribution on the eastern flank of the Tali Range, lat. 25° 40’ N., at elevations from 9000-11,000 ft., and another centre on the Shweli-Salween divide in lat. 25° 30’ N. at I10,000-11,000 ft. elevation. Rh. dichroanthum, Diels, repre- sents it also on the eastern flank of the Tali Range at elevations of gooo—11,000 ft. in lat. 25° 40’ N. On the western flank of the Tali Range at 10,000 ft. in lat. 25° 40’ N. there is Rh. dimitrum, Balf. f. et Forrest, and further south comes RA, apodectum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm., at 10,000-11,000 ft. elevation in lat. 25° 30’ N. on the Shweli- Salween divide. On the Yung- peh Mountains, at an elevation of gooo ft. in lat. 26° 45’ N., occurs Rh. pilovittatum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm., an exceptionally tall relation often ro ft. high. Then in Eastern Upper Burma, on the Nwai divide, at 12,000-13,000 ft., there is the dwarf- Spreading Rh. herpesticum, Balf. f. et Ward. We have here a number of species which seem to constitute a’ natural group of Rhododendrons, and may expect that future exploration will add to the number. At the same time we must not overlook many near relation- ships to other known species so close as to suggest that a correct 82 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. phylogeny will unite them all in one larger group. For another occasion must be reserved an account of the evidence for this, and of the delimitation of the larger group to which reference is made. Here may be put on record that. merely slight differ- species. We have already learned that in Rh. haematodes, a plant of the Tali Range at an elevation of I1,000-12,000 ft. in about lat. 25° 40’ N., an upper stratum of under-leaf indu- mentum forms a well-developed persistent woolly layer. We have the same in Rh. farinosum, Léveillé, a species from Eastern Yunnan at an elevation of about 10,000 ft., and doubtless these are representative of other species yet to be discovered. This upper indumentum layer becomes normally deciduous in Rh. euchroum, Balf..f. et Ward, a spreading procumbent shrub of the Nwai divide in E. Upper Burma at 10,000 ft. elevation ; in the Eastern Szechwan species Rh. detersile, Franch. ; and in the several plants from the Mekong-Salween divide in lat. 28° 12’ N. at 10,000-13,000 ft. elevation, from the Mekong- Yangtze divide in lat. 27° 36’ N. at 13,000 ft.-elevation,-and from the Chungtien plateau in lat. 27° 40’ N. at 13,000 ft. elevation, which in default of better knowledge are for the moment associated under the name Rh. floccigerum, Franch. he small group to which reference is made on p. 123 as the Forrestii series has many characters in common with the plants of which I have been speaking, and possibly the best expression of affinity may be that which includes these Forrestii forms with the Sanguineums and the other species named in one group. U%OS Basnerodren leptopeplum,* Balf. f. et Forrest.+ b 6-9 m. high with medium thick branches, the branches a von old densely glandular and shortly floccose the glands * Jentoc, pres: néxioc, covering—in allusion to the smooth indumentum of leaf under surfac + Rhododendron reer Balf. f. et Forrest.—Frutex ad 9 m. altus ramis glandulosis et breviter floccosis. Folia ad 16.5 cm. longa; lamina chartacea 12-floram dispositi; bracteae dense pubescentes ; bracteolae lineares pedicellis breviores ; pedicelli circ. 1.5 em. longi glandulosi. Calyx membranaceus 5-lobus, glandulosus. Corolla campanulata flavido-alba roseo-suffusa kermesino-maculata et variculosa ad 4 cm. longa, extus intusque glabra, 5-loba; lobi ad 2.4 cm. a Stamina 10 inaequalia corolla gynaeceoque breviora ; filamenta puberula. puberulus. Gynaeceum ad 3.8 cm. longum ; ovarium circ. 4 mm. longum csibiao- truncatum dense glandulosum et puberulum, pilis simplicibus ; stylus glaber. BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 83 nearly sessile. Foliage-buds unknown. Leaves petiolate about 16.5 cm. long; lamina chartaceous oblanceolate about 14.5 cm. long 4 cm. broad, at the apex somewhat beaked and ending in a red hydathodal tuberculate mucro, margin cartilaginous flat or slightly recurved inconspicuously undulate not roughened, tapered to the broadly obtuse base; upper surface slightly glossy bright green, midrib reddened grooved lined more or less with withered floccose hairs, primary veins about 15 on each side reddened slightly grooved, rest of surface slightly shagreened (when dry) glabrescent; under surface paler somewhat pale olive-green, midrib and primary veins raised, whole surface (venation included) clad with a thin sparse more or less detersile tomentum of whitish hairs with long stalks and many long more or less interlocking branches covering red or orange-coloured clavate glands particularly on veins and midrib; petiole as much as 2 cm. long grooved groove floccose, under surface copiously red-glandular and floccose. Inflorescence a racemose 12-flowered umbel, rhachis about I cm. long densely pubescent with intermixed glands ; inner bracts oblong-spathulate obtuse about 2.5 cm. long 1.4 cm. broad at top, inside glabrous, at base outside silkily and densely hairy; bracteoles linear about 1 cm. long pilose throughout ; pedicels about 1.5 cm. long glandular the glands red clavate. Calyx conspicuous about 4 mm. long cupular red ; cup about I mm. long glandular 5-lobed; lobes membranous elliptic or ovate or rounded subequal glandular outside and fringed with Stalked glands. Corolla creamy-white flushed rose with a dark crimson blotch posteriorly at the base and many crimson spots above, about 4 cm. long campanulate fleshy glabrous inside and outside, 5-lobed; lobes broad, posterior about 1.4 cm. long 2.4 cm. broad emarginate. Stamens IO unequal shorter than corolla, longest about 3.4 cm. long with anther 3 mm. long, shortest about 1.4 cm. long with anther 2.5 mm. long; fila- ments slightly broadened downwards, from the base puberulous to above the ovary. Disk puberulous. Gynaeceum about 3.8 em. long shorter than corolla longer than stamens; ovary conoid truncate about 4 mm. long grooved densely glandular the orange ovoid shortly stalked glands intermixed with some simple hairs; style glabrous thin slightly clavate below the lobulate discoid stigma. whew inal Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28° N. Alt. 13,000. Rhododendron forest. Shrub of 20-30 ft. Flowers fleshy creamy-white flushed rose. G. Forrest. No. 16,352. May 1918. ; 5 A distinct species of the Irroratum series. The species which it most resembles seems to be Rh. araiophylium, Bali. t. E 84 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. et W. W. Sm., and it has all the grace of that species and its delicacy of leaf-form and tint of colour. But Rh. leptopeplum is easily distinguished by the covering of indumentum on the leaf under-surface which is not at all glossy, the glandular pedicel, the relatively large glandular calyx, the glandular and puberulous ovary. its persistent indumentum on the under-leaf surface it resembles most Rh. agastum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm., which is a coarser species with broader and obtuse leaves, corolla puberulous inside and glandular style. SO Rhododendron leptothrium,* Balf. f. et Forrest. Shrub 2-6 m. high with thin twigs and leaves, bearing lateral clustered flowers and a terminal foliage-bud. Branchlets a year old about I mm. in diameter grey puberulous the pubescence persistent on older twigs. Scale-leaves of the foliage-bud per- sistent for a time on elongating shoots. Leaves petiolate as much as 8 cm. long clustered at end of twigs persistent for several years; lamina thin papery lanceolate as much as 7 cm. long 2 cm. broad, attenuated to the emarginate blunt or somewhat truncate apex which has a prominent hydathodal apiculus about 1 mm. long arising in the sinus and falling off in older leaves, margin very thinly cartilaginous slightly roughened by traces of fallen setulose gland-cilia the cilia sometimes persistent near the base, base obtuse; surfaces opaque smooth, the upper dark green, lower slightly paler, midrib raised on both sides imes in a groove on the upper puberulous both above and below with short curved hook-hairs, primary veins about 10 on each side slightly raised, rest of the surfaces somewhat minutely papillate, upper surface obscurely punctulate by the * JentdOotoc, with thin fine leaves. + Rhododendron leptothrium, Balf. f. et Forrest.—Frutex ad 6 m. altus. tenues annotini circ. 1 mm. diam. puberuli, pube persistente. Folia petiolata ad 7 cm. longa 2 cm. lata sursum angustata apice truncata emarginata € sinu vari . 2 mm. longum petasi- forme glandulis viscidum ; stylus glaber. Capsula globosa vel globoso-ovoidea calyce inclusa ab apice valvis 5 ad medium dehiscens. Semina circ. 1 mm. longa subfusiformia exarillata. BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 85 bases of fallen setulose gland-hairs from the primary veins, the under surface showing depressions beneath the glands of the upper side and traces of a few glands also; petiole about I-1.5 cm. long grooved above puberulous and gland-setulose. Flowers solitary axillary clustered at top of twigs each with its pedicel enclosed at base by the persistent bracts; flower- buds fusiform narrow-pointed about 6 mm. long and 2.5 mm. in diameter ; bracts crustaceous outside, and inside grey with silky pubescence, ciliate and with a few sessile marginal glands, outer bracts small broadly ovate or rounded keeled and mucro- nate 2-3 cm. long, inner oblong oval acute convolute about 1 cm. long and 4 mm. broad; bracteoles unknown; pedicels about I cm. long pubescent with short curved hairs and glandular the glands oblong red with long setulose stalks. Calyx membranous about 6 mm. long cut to near the base into 5 lobes; cup gland- ular and pubescent outside like the pedicels; lobes elliptic or oblong about 3 mm. broad obtuse or rounded at apex glabrous outside finely hair-ciliate. Corolla deep-rose with crimson spots on the back subrotate slightly oblique about 2 cm. long; tube somewhat thick slightly expanding upwards densely puberu- lous inside about 1 cm. long glabrous outside ; lobes 5 subequal (posterior a little larger) equalling in length or very slightly longer than tube, reflexing, posterior lobe about I cm. broad the others slightly narrower, emarginate slightly crenulate. Stamens 5 unequal shorter than corolla, 3 longer about 1.8 cm. long, 2 shorter about 1.4 cm., anther about 3 mm. long ; fila- ments widened to base, from the base to middle and beyond densely villous with long vesicular-pointed hairs many of them glandular. Disk glabrous. Gynaeceum about 2.2 cm. long slightly longer than corolla; ovary very small barely 2 mm. long dome-shaped grooved densely clad with ascending long- stalked very viscid glands; style glabrous thin not swollen below the discoid broader lobulate lipped stigma. Capsule shortly globular ovate about 6 mm. in diameter completely enclosed by the slightly accrescent calyx dark brown or black sticky with remains of ovary glands, splitting by 5 lobes to about middle. Seeds small about 1 mm. long brown-yellow fusiform or narrowly pyriform or curved and with the chalazal end sharply bent, without wing or other aril, only slightly fringed at funicular end. Seedling with red stem glandular- setose over a pubescence of short hook-hairs ; leaves not red on under surface, upper surface with pubescent midrib and scattered setulose glands over the surface each on a raised foot, under surface with depressions under the glands of upper surface, paler green with midrib similarly clothed and also a few setulose glands on midrib and primary veins. Id t yt “OY 86 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. N.W. Yunnan. On the Li-ti-ping. In open thickets. Alt. 11,000 ft. Lat. 27° 12’ N. Shrub of 6-10 ft. Flowers deep rose with crimson markings. G. Forrest. No. 13,881. June Ig17. N.W. Yunnan. Mekong-Yangtze divide. Lat. 27° 40’ N. Alt. I0,000-11,000 ft. In open thickets. Shrub of 10~20 ft. In fruit. G. Forrest. No. 12,845. Jul 14. Akin to Rh. ovatum, Planch., which as described seems to be an aggregate of more or less distinct forms, and requires analysis through an adequate number of specimens from different places in the wide area over which it is said to be spread—an area extending from Hong Kong on the south, Fukien, Kwangsi, and Chekiang on the south-east, to Western Hupeh on the west. Forrest has specimens of a plant from the Shweli-Salween divide (Nos. g901, 11,850) and one from the western flank of the same divide (No. 9341), and also from mountains south of Tengyueh (No. 11,863), which are of the Ovatum series but are not Rh. ovatum, and which show differ- ences from Rh. leptothriwm. Their position has yet to be de- termined. Rh. australe, Balf. i. et Forrest,* a species from the neighbourhood of Tengyueh, is a near ally of Rh. leptothrium, but it has oblong or oblong-lanceolate tapered leaves not truncate or emarginate, of a pale grey-green colour on the lower surface, with a different reticulation of the venation, larger flowers, the calyx with broader lobes, gland-fringed not hair- ciliate, less fleshy corolla, stamens longer not glandular. The hook-like simple hairs forming the puberulous covering of all the vegetative parts in Rh. ovatum and its allies seems to be an important diagnostic character of indumentum. With this is associated an upper stratum in most parts of setulose many-celled hairs ending in red ovoid glands which are no less characteristic, Rhododendron leucopetalum,; Balf. f. et Forrest.t Dwarf shrub as much as 1 m. high with thin straight short branches about 2 mm. in diameter when a year old and * Description of this species will appear in a following number of these ** Notes.” t 4evxds, white=in allusion to the colour of the petals, $ Rhododendron leucopetalum, Balf. f. et Forrest. Frutex nanus ad 1 m Rami tenues stricti subvirgati glabrescentes folia 4-5 ad a rosulatim eitentes, perulis persistentibus haud vestiti, nodulosi. Folia ad 6. 5 cm. longa; lamina coriacea obovata ad 5.5 cm. longa 3 cm. Iata _“apice rotundata rato induta; petiolus ad 1 cm. longus tenui persistente | sabres Umbela terminalis 4-6-ora pedicelli ad 2.5 em. longi pilis BALFOoUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 87 then glabrescent with traces of a juvenile indumentum of ad- pressed floccose hairs, at the top bearing a rosette of 4-5 leaves which persist in the rosette form for two or three years, annual growth short at most about 2 cm., marked throughout the branches by the nodulose summit, not clad at the base by per- sistent outer scale-leaves of the foliage-bud, older branches becoming more or less tawny before decorticating. Foliage- buds small narrow fusiform pointed; outer scale-leaves short crustaceous with a rounded or oblong base and an apiculus or tail, keeled and outside puberulous with white adpressed hairs more densely so around the base of the apiculus, margin flock-ciliate ; inner scale-leaves membranous yellow ligulate- spathulate about 2 cm. long 8 mm. broad shortly apiculate and there pubescent, margin flock-ciliate ; young leaves revolute sparsely caducously floccose. Leaves petiolate as much as 6.5 cm. long; lamina leathery obovate as much as 5.5 cm. long 3 cm. broad, apex obtuse or rounded tuberculate-mucro- nulate, margin cartilaginous slightly recurved, narrowed to base and prolonged into the petiole as a short wing; upper surface dark green mat slightly rugulose, midrib and primary veins (which are some 10 on each side) grooved glabrescent with traces of hairs in the midrib groove; under surface tawny grey becoming steel-grey, midrib raised tinted red and more or less floccose, primary veins also tinted red and raised ascending at an acute angle, rest of surface and also some of the primary veins covered with a thin compact persistent bistrate indu- mentum of an upper layer of shortly stoutly stalked hairs branching at end of stalk into many thin-walled spreading branches interweaving with those of adjacent hairs and forming a smooth scintillating slightly honeycombed surface, shorter stalked or sessile rosette-hairs occur below the longer ones, eglandular ; petiole about r cm. long reddening glabrescent. Flowers in 4-6-flowered terminal umbels ; bracts and bracteoles unknown ; pedicels expanded below the flower as much as 2.5 cm. long often shorter white tomentose with fasciate floccose hairs, eglandular. Calyx with a short cup densely floccose outside about 1 mm. long 5-lobed; lobes unequal yellow membranous floccose outside flock-fringed at margin oblong or ovate unequal early deciduous. Corolla openly campanulate pure white about 3.7 cm. long; tube glabrous iati iseo-tomentosi, eglandulosi. Calycis cupula dense floccoso- ngs hapa flavidi extus et margine dense floccosi. Corolla aperte ceum corolla brevius ibus longius; ovarium ad . longum truncatum pilis fasciatis dense tomentosum eglandulosum. Stylus glaber. 88 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. somewhat fleshy slightly 5-gibbous at base with imperfect interpetaline septa inside; lobes rounded about 1.4 cm. long 1.8 cm. broad. Stamens Io unequal, longest about half the length of the corolla, shortest about 4 mm. shorter than long ones; filaments glabrous. Disk glabrous. Gynaeceum about 3 cm. long shorter than corolla ; ovary ovoid truncate grooved about 6 mm. long densely tomentose with slightly pink-tinted fasciate floccose hairs, eglandular; style glabrous expanded at top below the broad-lipped lobulate stigma. W.N.-W.-Yunnan. Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28° 12’ N. Alt. 12,000-13,000 ft. Open rocky slopes and ledges of cliffs. Shrub of 2-33 ft. Flowers pure white. G. Forrest. No. 14,270. July 1917. One of the allies of Rh. sanguineum, Franch., distinguished by its pure white corolla. Perhaps its nearest relationship in the Sanguineum phylum is with Rh. cloiophorum, Balf. f. et Forrest, but that species has persistent scale-leaves over the stem, a thicker more developed tomentose upper stratum of the under-leaf indumentum, much larger calyx-lobes, which are glabrous outside, and the corolla is distinctly tubular-cam- panulate. See p. 80, where the relationships in the San- guineum series are discussed. Rhododendron levistratum,* Balf. f. et Forrest. t Shrub as much as 3 m. high with stout branches. Branches of the year about 4 i levis, smooth—in allusion to the smooth leaf-indumentum. + Rhododendron levistratum, Balf. £. et Fi oso plus minusve rufo indutis. Alabastra ovoidea acuta, BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 89 as well as apiculus fringed with reddening besom-like or switch- hairs; inner scale-leaves spathulate from a narrow base in upper part lanceolate membranous acuminate clad like the outer ones, about 3 cm. long 6 mm. broad; young leaves in bud revolute densely clad on both surfaces by an indumentum of vesicular rosette-hairs. Leaves petiolate as much as 14.5 cm. long ; lamina thickly leathery lanceolate oblanceolate or oblong as much as 12.5 cm. long and 3.5 cm. broad narrowed to an acute apex or sometimes obtuse with a conspicuous red-tipped hydathodal mucro, margin cartilaginous slightly revolute, base obtuse; upper surface slightly glossy shagreened (when dry) with a grooved midrib and inconspicuous primary veins about I2-I4 on each. side, whole surface glabrescent but clad with remains of juvenile floccose branched greasy reddish or brownish floccose hairs; under-surface mat never glossy, at first greenish buff- or ochre-coloured ultimately cinnamon-rufous and speckled or stippled with white, quite smooth, midrib raised, surface including midrib covered with a bistrate com- plete indumentum apparently never detersile, the upper stratum composed of shortly stalked hairs bearing several radiating hori- zontal vesicular unicellular branches of varying length tinted red or brown and overlapping to form a canopy beneath which lies the under stratum of rosette floccose nearly sessile hairs with short colourless branches—stages between the forms of hairs are found,—eglandular; petiole as much as 2 cm. long stout densely clad with persistent indumentum like that of the young stem. Flowers in a terminal racemose umbel about 15-flowered ; bracts and bracteoles deciduous unknown ; pedicels about 2 cm. long puberulous with simple and floccose hairs sometimes reddening eglandular. Calyx almost obsolete about I mm. long ; saucer-shaped cup showing at the margin five obscure semi-lunate lobes or blunt teeth fleshy outside more or less puberulous hairs often brown. Corolla about 3.7 cm. long white flushed rose at margin and without a basal posterior blotch but with many crimson spots on posterior petal cam- panulate 5-gibbous at base, glabrous outside, puberulous inside ; lobes 5 short and broad about 1.2 cm. long and 2 cm. broad crenulate, Stamens 10 unequal shorter than corolla and gynae- ceum, somewhere about half the length of the corolla, longest about 2 cm. long with short rounded anther 1.75 mm. long, shortest about 1.3 cm. long with anther about 1.25 mm. long ; filaments slightly widened downwards, from the base upwards to above the ovary finely puberulous. Disk puberulous. Gynaeceum about 2.5 cm. long shorter than corolla; ovary thin about 4.5 mm. long 2 mm. broad green cylindrico-conoid slightly grooved truncate more or less floccose ; style glabrous go BALFOUR—-NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. throughout slightly expanding into the lipped red lobulate medium-sized stigma. W.N.-W.-Yunnan. Mountains north of Atuntzu. Lat. 28° 35’ N. Alt, 14,000 ft. In thickets, Shrub of 6-z0 ft. Flowers white with crimson markings. G. Forrest. No. 14,026. June 1917. W.N.-W.-Yunnan. Mountains north of Atuntzu. Lat. 28° 35’ N. Alt. 14,000 ft. Open situations amongst rocks. Shrub of 6-9 ft. Flowers white, faintly flushed rose on margins, with deep crimson markings. G. Forrest. No. 14,114. June 1917. W.N.-W.-Yunnan. Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28° 10’ N. Alt. 13,000 ft. Im Rhododendron thickets. Shrub of 6-9 it. Foliage only. G. Forrest. No, 13,364. Sept. 1917. This is a distinct species—one of several plants showing an indumentum on the under-leaf surface approaching on the one hand the Lacteum series, and leading on the other hand to the Roxieanum series. In 1914 Mr. Forrest obtained it on the Mekong-Salween divide, but only in leaf, which in dried specimens was so striking that he took out with him in 1917 4 specimen of the dried plant for comparison with plants on the spot in the hope of rediscovering it. In this he has been entirely successful. From north of Atuntzu we now have flowering speci- mens. The plant is easily recognised by its lanceolate leaves blunt at the base and with greenish or yellowish buff-coloured ‘under side at first, changing to a cinnamon-rufous colour with age. Especially characteristic is the smooth not agglutinate indumen- tum, which has a speckled or stippled look. Rh, levistratum is an eglandular form, and I find no marks of stickiness anywhere. Rhododendron lochmium,* Balf. f.; Tall bush with virgate branches bearing leaves along their whole length which are persistent for some three years. Year- Mee of a coppice—in allusion to habitat. Frutex altus virgatus, ramulis tenuibus lata acuminata apice depressa, margine integra, basi obtusa ; supra atroviridis nitens convexa bullata costa media venisque primariis sulcatis, peat squamis brunneis minutis distantibus induta ; subtus pallide viridis costa m ula flayido-albida punctulatim lepidota, cae n squamis saihaniad rufis inter se distantibus intervallis quam squamae lasionipas lepidota ; petiolus vix « cm. longus sulcatus sulco puberulo caeteroquin lepidotus. Flores in umbellas 2-3- Gynaeceum cire. 4 oe -tongam ¢ corolla staminibusque longius ; SE a ee atvlne olaher a eat de se - ee £ BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. gt old twigs dark red glossy very finely puberulous and lepidote with small red shortly stalked uniform not contiguous persistent scales roughening the surface; older branches blackening and as they decorticate splitting to expose a green secondary cortex. Foliage-buds cylindric narrow about 2 mm. in diameter sharp- pointed with very few (3) outer brown elongated triangular sharp-pointed lepidote scale-leaves around broader green imbri- cate ovate or oblong-ovate or oblong scale-leaves slightly keeled and mucronate and green lepidote outside; young _ leaves conduplicate conyolute. Leaves petiolate as much as 8.5 cm. long drooping ; lamina chartaceous oblong as much as 8 cm. long 2.5 cm. broad remarkably convex above and concave below tapered to a long decurved apical point with a red tuber- culate prominent mucro, margin finely cartilaginous sometimes red entire eciliate, base obtuse ; upper surface dark-green glossy bullate, midrib sulcate finely puberulous, primary veins 10 to I2 on each side grooved, whole surface lepidote with small distant brown scales about I in a square mm.; under surface paler green with yellow whitish prominent midrib sparsely dotted with small brown peltate scales, the primary veins and ultimate reticulation showing clearly, the surface generally lepidote with red-brown small uniform peltate distant scales, the intervals usually wider than the diameter of the scales, about 8-10 in a square mm.; petiole under 1 cm. long green grooved above and there puberulous elsewhere finely lepidote. Flowers fugitive arranged in 2-3- (sometimes I-) flowered terminal and axillary umbels three to four umbels usually fascicled at the end of the branches, one of them terminal, often without the terminal one which is replaced by vegetative bud ; flower-bud ovoid pointed green ; bracts persistent during flowering ensheathing the pedicels all brown chartaceous lepidote and puberulous outside, inside glabrous, ciliate, outermost small rounded thicker keeled mucronate, innermost more membranous oblong-spathulate or oboyate truncate retuse or emarginate with a short apiculus, longer than the pedicel about 1.7 cm. long 1 cm. broad; bracteoles persistent after flowering linear expanded into a spathulate top about 1 mm. broad brown pilose and lepidote outside hair-crested longer than pedicel about equalling innermost bracts ; pedicels 1 cm. or less long green or tinted red on upper side, lepidote with discontiguous scales, inserted abruptly into centre of calyx, slightly deflexed. Calyx small cupular fleshy about 2 mm. long or less green er pink-tinted; limb often obsolete or as small short teeth Or as rounded or pointed lobes sometimes unequal (the postero-lateral larger) .5 mm. long membranous tinted pink and with a few cilia. Corolla about 2.5 cm. long oblique 92 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. butterfly-shape white flushed violet with a faint yellow tinge on posterior side of limb and there spotted with pale ochre-brown spots sparsely lepidote and puberulous outside posteriorly ; tube funnel-shaped concave in front and there 4 mm. long, convex on back grooved and longer, expanding into a concave patent limb, puberulous inside at base, 5-lobed two- lipped upper lip three-lobed ; lobes rounded or elliptic or oblong undulate sub-erect, posterior smallest about 1.5 cm. long 1.3 broad, antero-lateral divergent slightly larger and narrower 1.7 cm. long 8mm. broad. Stamens 10 unequal longer than corolla, longest about 3.7 cm. long with oblong anther 2 mm. long, shortest about 1.5 cm. long with nearly globose anther 1 mm. long; filaments slender white or tinged violet wider to base, base glabrous over 3-4 mm. to above ovary, then filaments on posterior side villous to mouth of corolla-tube, on anterior side puberulous only ; anthers pink. Disk puberulous. Gynaeceum about 4 cm. long or more exceeding the stamens and corolla ; ovary conoid truncate about 3 mm. long 2 mm. in diameter green but glaucous, lepidote with nearly contiguous whitish peltate scales, a few hairs at summit; style glabrous long thin white not swollen below the small green lobulate narrow lipped stigma. Szechwan. Wilson. No. 1220 in part. _ One of the several species which have appeared in cultiva- tion under numbers of Wilson’s collections assigned to Rh. Davidsonianum, Rehd. et Wils. and other members of the Triflorum series. Rh. lochmium came under No. 1220. That number ought to be Rh. villosum, Rehd. et Wils. a very different plant. Its nearest relations in the Triflorum series are Rh. polylepis, Franch. and Rh, Searsiae, Rehd. et Wils., and with these it forms a distinct group easily distinguishable from all other species in the series by foliage-characters :—Oblong chartaceous sharp-pointed leaves with very convex and bullate dark- coloured lepidote upper surface and densely lepidote under surface, the tip always depressed and the whole leaf more or less deflexed. The young leaves convolute in bud become revolute as they expand. The convexity of the upper surface is brought about by the sides of the lamina on each side of the midrib curving upwards abruptly from it leaving it in a groove and then curving downwards towards the margin. Large though the Triflorum series now is—including some 30 or more species,—no one of the other members can be con- fused with the three species forming this little Polylepis set within the series. The species are easily distinguished from one another both by vegetative and flower-characters, thus :— BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 93 Rh. polylepis.* Rh. Searsiae. Rh. lochmium. Young twigs reddening ung twigs not para Young twigs dark red not gpentl a age: somewhat glo glossy, lepidote with with prominently we small sh oe scales on rile adie ith brown and yellow- | stalked discontiguous gallon on short. Epi- ish scales like sma uniform scales ro or ushrooms. Epilose. ing the surface. Finely puberulous. Leaf-margin notched. agen notched. | Leaf-margin entire. Lea: tuse Leaf-bas cuneate.| Leaf-base obtuse o Under surface Under aia white-| rounded. Under surface green densely lepidote | grey lepid with le green lepidote with partly contiguou: many small yellowish th small i scurfy scales and punc- | discontiguousscalesand| contiguous tulate with some ar punctulate with a Projecting brown ones large brown ones. Flowers in 5-7-flowered | Flowers in 8-10-flowered oe in nat quamear terminal umbels. Scale-| terminal umbels rarely | terminal and leaves of bud yellow-| additional lateral ones.| umbels fasciculate at green. ales-leaves of bu d of twigs. e- red margin and leaves of bud yellow- green. Corolla-tube oe limb pair mec litpay lavender be- | Coro. lla white flushed purple, brown-spotted, hite inthroat,| violet faintly yellow outside densely lepidote giten hear apbthad. gat posteriorly, sparsely d epilo outside and epilo brown-spotted, sparing- ly sea outside and puberulou Stamens longer than| Stamens shorter than| Stamens longer than corolla. or equal to corolla. corolla. = longer a cory Be longer than ores Style much rea than lightly hairy ghtly hairy at base corolla, glabrou :< ir re “a graeme’ Hemsl., must be included in Rh. polylepis, as Rehder and Wilson ; The new species Rh. lochmium has haedited4 in several gardens, commonly under the designation Rh. Davidsonianum, has been so good as to lend to me for examination,—the plant has been a puzzle to growers who seem to have recognised that it was not Rh. Davidsonianum. True, Rh. Davidsonianum I take to be Wilson’s ‘ it we have dried specimens. plan and it may be helpful if I give here some of its distinctive characters for separation from Rh. lochmium and other forms that have been confused with it :—Young twigs dark purple- red—but often green—hardly glossy finely puberulous lepidote with many small discontiguous red or yellow scales some large 94 ' BALFouR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. some small. Leaves thick and leathery lanceolate or oblong commonly about 5 cm. long 1 cm. broad narrowed to an acute point, margin scale-notched, base cuneate or obtuse ; upper surface concave the sides of the lamina bent upwards from the puberulous midrib, dark green glossy sprinkled with reddish distant scales, intervals between the scales much wider than the scales ; under surface tawny green or even brown lepidote, with many scales partly contiguous partly discontiguous the intervals never so wide as the scales. Flowers in a terminal 3-4-flowered umbel. Corolla rose-lavender red spotted, lepidote and epilose outside. Stamens and style longer than corolla. Style finely puberulous at base. As in all the Rhododendrons of the Triflorum series, the foliage varies according to situation of the plant. Grown in a greenhouse instead of outside, Rh. Davidsonianum is a different- looking plant. Rh. lochmium is most floriferous, and flowers early in spring. The corollas of the past flowers hang long upon the inflorescence, and, associated with the long persistent thread-like styles, give a ragged look to the plant after the first flush of flower. A noteworthy feature of the inflorescence is the length of the bracteoles. They are much longer than the pedicels and as long as the inner bracts, and when expansion of the inflorescence bud begins they push out between the bracts, apparently acting as wedges for separating the bracts and thus facilitating the Opening of the flower-bud. These bracteoles (prophylla) of the flower-axis are more or less developed in Rhododendron, differ- ing in form and size in the several species, and here as in other genera where they are found the question of their use has doubt- less occurred to many observers. It is a matter to which little attention has been given by botanists. Their name prophyll is reminiscent of archetypal hypothesis of their existence as the equivalents at the base of each phyton composing the plant of the cotyledons appearing on the embryo, which cotyledons must therefore be assumed to be foliar, and this is open to dispute. Beyond the valid statement that in vegetative parts prophylls may be protective—filling up the gaps at the side of the leaf- relation to flower-expansion, which is so evident in Rh. lochmium, will perhaps be found to be one of wide occurrence, it is so in the genus Rhododendron, and deserves to be investigated in other plants. ; BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 95 $V is Rhododendron lophophorum,* Balf. f. et Forrest.+ Sticky shrub as much as 2 m. high with faintly red branches about 3.5 mm. in diameter when a year old, densely glandular with stalked red ovoid glands having some inter- spersed floccose hairs; older branches glabrescent. Foliage- leaf buds unknown. Leaves petiolate, as much as 11.5 cm. long ; lamina thinly leathery oblong or oval-oblong or oboval- oblong about 10.5 cm. long 3.5 cm. broad slightly tapered at apex into an apiculate tip with a tuberculate mucro, margin slightly cartilaginous plane not recurved, base obtuse narrowly or broadly; upper surface dark green somewhat varnished, the midrib grooved, primary veins about 16 on each side slightly prominent (when dry), groove of the midrib and whole surface marked by blackening vestiges of glands and floccose hairs (in the young leaf the surface is more or less densely clad with many glands and loose elongated branched hairs with thin walls) ; under surface dull dirty buff-coloured with prominent red- tinted glandular midrib, the primary veins hardly showing beneath the smooth minutely punctulate parchment-like per- sistent indumentum, the punctulations are red glands which often blacken and they are embedded in the agglutinated thin- walled broad long branches of floccose more or less rosette- like hairs; petiole about 1 cm. long thick wrinkled grooved above densely glandular red at first becoming black through the drying up of the glands. Inflorescence a small racemose- umbel of some 8 flowers, rhachis about 5 mm. long sparingly floccose ; bracts unknown; bracteoles short filiform about 3 mm. long pilose from base and hair-crested ; pedicels about 1.5 cm. long more or less, somewhat unequal pale green and sparingly floccose eglandular. Calyx small about 1 mm. long fleshy with 5 very small rounded or tooth-like marginal pro- jections, altogether glabrous. Corolla narrowly campanulate white flushed rose sparingly spotted posteriorly about 3.2 cm. * Jéqoc, crest—in allusion to the hair-crest of the ovary. t Rhododendron lophophorum, Balf. f. et Forrest.—Frutex glutinosus ad 2 m. laevis sordide fulva pilis agglutinatis induta et minute glanduloso-punctulata ; petiolus circ. 1 cm. longus glandulosus nigricans. Flores in racemoso-umbellam obscure puberula 5-loba; lobi rotundati 1.2 cm. longi et lati. Stamina 10 li roll que brevi ; filamenta puberula. Discus puberulus. yna corolla brevius ; ovarium petasiforme glaberrimum sed apice piloso- cristatum ; stylus glaber. ingsana pS us| 96 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. long, thin glabrous outside obscurely puberulous at base inside on the posterior surface, expanding into a 5-lobed open limb ; lobes rounded emarginate about 1.2 cm. long 1.2 cm. broad. Stamens 10 unequal shorter than corolla and gynaeceum, longest about 2.4 cm. long with anther 2.5 mm. long, shortest about 1.7 cm. long with anther 2 mm. long; filaments widened and flattened downwards, from the base puberulous upwards in the shortest stamens through half the length, in the longer over less distance. Disk puberulous. Gynaeceum about 2.8 cm. long, shorter than corolla longer than stamens ; ovary about 3.5 mm. long dome-shaped truncate slightly grooved glabrous but with hair-crest of simple hairs at the summit around the style; style glabrous stout somewhat clavate at top below the discoid lobulate stigma. W.N.-W.-Yunnan. Mountains north of Atuntzu. Lat. 28° 35’ N. Alt. 13,000 ft. In open pine forest. Shrub of 6-8 ft. Flowers white flushed rose with few markings. G. Forrest. No. 13,971. June Ig17. A species characterised by its sticky leaves. In the older leaves the indumentum disappears from the upper surface, but the glands leave a varnished surface. The under-leaf indu- mentum is distinguished by the great development of glands, which often blacken with age and give the whole surface a punctulate look. The glands are immersed in what appear to be rosette hairs with many stout thin-walled branches, and these lying over one another become agglutinated and make a continu- ous smooth surface. But the indumentum is not crustaceous. No foliage-buds nor young leaves are on the specimens and I cannot therefore determine with certainty the form of the hairs of the under-leaf indumentum. Other diagnostic marks are :— the slightly floccose pedicels, glabrous calyx and corolla, glabrous ovary save for a crest of many white simple hairs at its top. The position of the species appears to be amongst the many species which Forrest has been gathering that show an in- dumentum not so simple as that of the Lacteum series and not so complex as that of the Roxieanum series. Rhododendron Martinianum,* Balf. f. et Forrest.+ Shrub 1-2 m. high with stiff branchlets bearing in dis- tant false whorls the leaves of three years. Stems swollen at * Named in compliment to John Martin, gardener at Caerhays Castle, with charge of the Rhododendrons grown there for Mr. J. C. Williams, which with paises grown at Werrington Park form the most complete collection ever brought ogether. £ t Rhododendron Martinianum, Balf. f. et. Forrest.—Frutex ad 2 m. altus tamus.strictis erectis folia pseudo-verticillata per annos tres persistentia gerenti- bus nodulatis. Ramuli hornotini erubescentes ceriferi circ. 1.5 mm. lati glandu- BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 97 the position of the whorls and when the leaves fall giving a nodulose character to the branches. Branchlets of the year reddened wax-glaucous about 1.5 mm. in diameter densely glandular, glands red ovoid on long setiform red greasy stalks or globular on short stalks; older branches soon becoming grey-white and red-punctulate with bases of fallen glands ultimately dark grey before decorticating. Foliage-buds small acute purple with wax-bloom ; outer scale-leaves keeled tailed from a rounded base glabrous ; innermost scale-leaves ligulate- spathulate membranous ; young leaves revolute (?), upper sur- face and margin glandular, glands with long stalks, the former also puberulous, under surface sprinkled with white capitate glands on short red stalks ; petiole glandular like upper surface. Leaves petiolate, as much as 5 cm. long; lamina rigid thickly leathery elliptic or elliptic-oblong as much as 4.3 cm. long and 2.5 cm. broad rounded at apex and apiculate, apiculus often 1.5 mm. long ending in a red tubercle-like hydathode, margin thickly cartilaginous recurved somewhat undulate and obscurely roughened with feet of fallen glands, base broadly obtuse or truncate or rounded and slightly cordulate; upper surface opaque smooth sprinkled with a few glands and flocks and spotted with bases of fallen similar glands and flocks, midrib grooved reddened and at the base lined by glands, primary veins concealed; under surface paler glaucous often pinkish punctulate all over with glands, midrib elevated, primary veins pink and with ultimate venation slightly raised ; petiole grooved as much as 7 mm. long red more or less glandular with setiform and other glands. Flowers in pairs (occasionally 3 or 1) each pair forming a 2-flowered terminal umbel ; bracts and brac- teoles unknown ; pedicels long slender 3 cm. or more long stiff erect glaucous and reddened more or less coated with setiform glands and shorter glands and with an occasional floccose hair. Calyx small about 2.5 mm. long; cup fleshy pulvinately swollen at base glabrous outside glaucous erubescent ; lobes equalling cup broadly triangular or semi-lunate or rounded glabrous on losi (glandulis stipitatis brevibus et setiformibus) mox glabrescentes. Alabastra cerifera. Folia ad m. longa; lamina rigide coriacea elliptica vel elliptico- oblonga ad 4.3 cm. longa 2.5 cm. lata longe apiculata basi late obtusa vel rotun- data vel subcordulata; supra o dulis floccisque plus minusve con- i osea 3.5 cm. longa ubique glabra 5-loba; lobi rotundati. ab = breviora; filamenta puberula. Discus Stylus basi glandulosus. 98 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. back gland-fringed, glands stalked. Corolla pale rose openly campanulate 3.5 cm. long glabrous out and in 5-lobed ; lobes about 1.5 cm. long and 2 cm. broad rounded imbricate emar- ginate. Stamens ro unequal, longest about 3.2 cm. long a little shorter than corolla with anthers oblong about 3 mm. long, shortest about 1.7 cm. with anthers about 2 mm. long nearly globose ; filaments widened below, from the base upwards to above ovary puberulous. Disk minutely puberulous below ovary. Gynaeceum about 3.4 cm. long, slightly shorter than corolla exceeding stamens ; ovary 2.5 mm. long conoid narrowed into base of style grooved densely. glandular, glands clavate orange-coloured and stalked; style glandular at very base with shortly stalked glands hardly expanding into lobulate lipped stigma. Capsule somewhat sickle-shaped about 2.5 cm. long and 6 mm. in diameter pale brown or tinted glaucous pink slightly warted dehiscing from apex by 5 valves. Seeds very pale straw-coloured flattened oblong about 3 mm. long and 0.5-I mm. broad ; body of seed striate about 1.5 mm. long with arillar wing of nearly equal width all round and a chalazal crest and funicular broad extension. W.N.-W.-Yunnan. Mekong-Salween divide. Alt. 11,000 ft. W.N.-W.-Yunnan. Mekong-Salween divide. Alt. 12,000 ft. Lat. 28° 12’ N. Open thickets and scrub. Shrub of 4-6 ft. Flowers pale rose. G. Forrest. No. 13,949. June 1917. A most distinct and beautiful species first found by Forrest during his exploration of Yunnan in 1914, in fruit, and with a single withered flower on a ripening capsule. He has obtained specimens in flower in course of the exploration in which he is now engaged, and these enable me to complete the description of the species. From seeds collected in 1914 Mr. J. C. Williams of Caerhays Castle has raised seedling plants. The species belongs pethaps to the Souliei series or should be placed between the Souliei and Selense with some other species with partially glandular style, and is readily distin- guished by its habit and the nodulose swellings of the branches at the end of each year’s growth, by the very thick rigid small leaves disposed in false whorls which persist for three years, markedly punctulate with persistent glands on the underside, and by the 2~3-flowered umbels of long-stalked flowers. The nodulose swellings on the stem are of the same character as those which are found on Rh. temenium, Balf. f. et Forrest, a beautiful species from the Tsarong, and in plants of the Sanguineum series— all showing the same habit of leaves in pseudo-whorls. The BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON, 99 nodules appear like beads on a rosary chain, separated by cylindric portions of the stem on which are visible the scars of the fallen innermost scale-leaves. The nodule itself is formed by the clustering of the leaves and the suppression of elongated internodes at the end of each year’s growth. a\ Br ododendrari microgynum,* Balf. f. et Forrest. te tum outside, ciliate, all deciduous. Leaves petiolate, as much as 9 cm. long-not closely rosulate at end of year’s growth ; lamina thickly leathery lanceolate or oblanceolate as much as 8 cm. ong 2 cm. broad narrowed towards the apex where is a tubercu- late conspicuous mucro, margin cartilaginous revolute, narrowed to the obtuse or somewhat cuneate base ; upper surface opaque Shagreened (when dry) everywhere sprinkled with withered vestiges of juvenile floccose hairs particularly in the groove of the midrib primary veins about 12 on each side hardly visible ; under surface buff-coloured or dark fawn-coloured covered uniformly everywhere with a dense (midrib sparingly) bistrate indumentum, its upper layer of long much-branched hairs not dendriform more or less brown-coloured with wide cells * Rhododendron microgynum, Balf. f. et Forrest.—Frutex nanus ad 1 m. altus. Rami rigidi primum indumento fulvo albescente pilorum floccosorum et glandu- larum rubrarum vestiti, glabrescentes. abastra elongata subfusiformia perulis exterioribus rotundatis apiculatis vel cuspidatis mox deciduis. Folia petiolata cm. longa ; i i Scintillante vestita, strati inferi pilis -ram ramis longi vesiculosis inter- textis, strati inferi pilis rosulatis ramis latis brevibus vesiculosis ; petiolus cire. I cm, crassus tomentosus et glandulosus. Umbella 5—6-flora terminalis ; longus bracteolae circ. 9 mm. longae pedicellis paullo breviores ; pedicelli circ, 1.2 cm. longi glandulosi floccosi. Calyx parvus circ. 2 mm. longus 5-lobus glandulosus et floccosus ; lobi o longi vel rotundati ciliati. Corolla obliqua rosea sparsim maculata circ. 3 cm. longa aperte campanulata intus puberula ; lobi 5 rotun- dati emarginati amina Io inaequalia parva, corolla multo breviora ; fila- ulosa i Pp Gynaeceum breve circ. 7 mm. longum staminibus brevius ; ovarium ovoideum truncatum circ. 2.5 cm. longum glandulosum et floccosum ; stylus ovario vix duplo-longior decurvus glaber. F I00 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. interlocking and becoming matted as a compact smooth slightly scintillating surface, its under layer of rosette-hairs with short spreading vesicular unicellular branches (inter- mediate hair-forms also occur), midrib elevated, rest of venation hidden; petiole about xr cm. long stout grooved above coated with an indumentum like that of young stem, more or less glabrescent. Flowers in terminal few-flowered (5—6) umbels ; bracts unknown ; bracteoles about g mm. long slightly shorter than pedicels linear-clavate brown membranous pilose with white hairs throughout on the back; pedicels about 1.2 cm. long clad with stalked ovoid red glands and floccose greasy often red or brown branched hairs. Calyx small about 2 mm. long cut to the base into 5 lobes cup outside glandular and hair-coated like the pedicels; lobes oblong or rounded or semi-lunate about 1.5 mm. long sparingly glandular and floccose on back, margin ciliate and glandular, the glands red-stalked. Corolla dull soft rose without blotch but with faint crimson spots fleshy about 3 cm. long openly campanulate from base, slightly oblique 5-gibbous, puberulous inside, glabrous outside, 5-lobed, posterior lobe the largest semi-lunate about 1.3 cm. long 2 cm. broad emarginate crenulate. Stamens 10 unequal very short, longest about 1.7 cm., shortest about I cm. long, the anthers grouped in the centre of the flower over the style ; filaments yellow stout broadly widened downwards, from base upwards through one-third to three-fourths of length puberulous with many short stout pointed hairs and glandular with short- stalked ovoid uncoloured glands; anthers oblong ovoid about 3 mm. long in long stamens, 2 mm. in short. Disk slightly puberulous below ridges of ovary. Gynaeceum very short about 7 mm. long shorter than shortest stamens; ovary ovoid with truncate top about 2.5 mm. long slightly grooved glandu- lar with long-stalked ovoid ascending glands, also coated with floccose branched greasy hairs often brown or red ; style very short not twice length of ovary slightly decurved glabrous hardly expanding under the small-lobed and lipped stigma. SE. Tibet. Tsarong. Open situations on rocky slopes of Ka-gwr-pw, Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28° a5 Ni Alt. 12,000 ft. Shrub of 4 ft. Flowers dull soft rose with faint crimson markings. G. Forrest. No, 14,242. July 1917. A species recalling by its habit members of the Sanguineum series, and also plants like Rh. perulatum, Balf. f. et Forrest. Its leaves, while of the general form found in the cycles of affinity named, are not so aggregated at the ends of the annual growths, and in consequence the branches do not show the nodular swellings which such leaf-disposition commonly brings _ about. The scale-leaves of the foliage-bud do not persist BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. IOI as a covering to the stems, and this separates Rh. microgynum at once from Rh. perulatum as well as from some of the ‘San- guineum series. The flower-characters are on the whole against very close affinity with the Sanguineum series. The pedicels, grouped stamens, glandular ovary are all Sanguineum features, but the small calyx, the oblique corolla openly campanulate from the = baie glandular filaments, are not typical of the Sanguineum and then there is the remarkable very short differesifiatine style. The foliage and its indumentum, the smaller calyx and oblique campanulate corolla, might suggest the Taliense series, but the glandular stems, petioles, pedicels, filaments and ovaries, as well as the very short style, are very different from what is typical of that series. The length and form of style is unique amongst Rhododen- drons which the species resembles. At first glance one suspects abnormality. But the character is found in all the flowers, and on the end of this style, not twice the length of the ovary, a well-developed lobulate stigma appears. I cannot be certain from my material whether the style is always decurved or not. It is conspicuously so in some flowers. The typical Rhodo- dendrons with decurved style are those of the Boothii series and of the Lepidotum series, but to none of them is Rh. micro- gynum allied. For the moment one must regard it asa form on the fringe of the Taliense, Roxieanum, and Sanguineum series. 40?® Rhododendron muliense,* Balf. f. et Forrest.f Dwarf shrub small-leaved under 1 m. high, with short thin Mu-li—the region whence the plant c : Rhododendron muliense, Balf. f. et Peciak —Frutex parvifolius nanus vix I m. altus ramis tenuibus brevibus. Rami annotini circ. 0.75 mm. diam, puberuli squarrosim lepidoti. Alabastra ovoidea obtusa; perulae paucae, extimae recurva, basi obtusa vel late cuneata; supra sv abt et Aes griseis con- tiguis siccis adpressis haud sci jntillantibus lepidota, costa media angusta ; subtus Pallide fulva squamis bicoloribus rufis et viridibus ome vestita (intervallis viridis cupularis ae 7 mm. longus 5 longa ; 1obi me embranacei oblongi vai ovati obtusi vel acuti vel erosi extus lepidoti m. profunde crenulati circ. 8 mm. longi 6 mm. lati. Stamina ro alternatim loncies et breviora corolla breviora; filamenta supra basim villosa. puberulus. ape ayer subaequans staminibus longius ; ova circ. 2 mm. longum cylindri 0 ae dense lepidotum et puberalan superne Pilis cristatum ; stylus basi pu 102 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. curved branches. Branches a year old about 0.75 mm. in dia- meter puberulous and densely squarrosely lepidote, some scales short-stalked adpressed to stem, others long-stalked with cup- shaped disk the fringe upturned, disk often falling from the setulose-like white stalk; older branches blackening and more or less warted by the scales. Foliage-buds ovoid blunt scale- leaves few (about seven); outer ones pale brown somewhat crustaceous rounded to oval or ovate-oblong hardly keeled obscurely mucronulate inside at top silky, outside puberulous and spongily lepidote, more or less ciliate: innermost scales yellow more or less membranous scaphoid oblong-obovate about 7 mm. long 5 mm. broad rounded at top hardly mucro- nulate inside silky at top, outside puberulous and _lepidote, floccosely fringed particularly at top; young leaves convolute densely lepidote on both surfaces within the bud, showing a few hairs at the top otherwise epilose, petiole puberulous above -with short simple hairs. Leaves petiolate about 1.5 cm. long ; Jamina thick leathery oblong-oval about 1.3 cm. long 6 mm. broad rounded at the apex minutely mucronulate, margin ‘slightly undulate-crenulate and recurved, base obtuse or broadly cuneate; upper surface dark green mat grizzly with dried almost contiguous net scintillating uniform peltate scales, the scales with broad umbo sometimes citron-coloured the equally broad fringe colourless and spread flat, groove of the midrib hardly visible ; under surface pale buff-coloured with a prominent midrib, lepidote with bicoloured discontiguous uniform scales some rufous some greenish equally mixed, the rufous scales with broad convex umbo infiltrated with red secretion, the greenish ones often with a yellow-tinted annulus, interval between the scales less than the diameter of the scales glaucous covered by close-set epidermal wax-bearing papillae ; petiole about 2 mm. long grooved above puberulous and lepidote like the young stem. Flowers in a compact 5-6- flowered terminal umbel: bracts falling early, inner ones oblong-oval with rounded or flattened shortly mucronulate tip densely lepidote and puberulous outside, ciliate ; bracteoles clavately filiform about 8 mm. long exceeding the pedicels about equalling the calyx thinly pilose at the top ending in long bristle hairs; pedicels short about 2 mm. long scurfily ‘whitely lepidote. Calyx green cupular about 7 mm. long cut to near base into 5 lobes; cup flattened lepidote outside about 1 mm. long; lobes membranous oblong or ovate obtuse or rounded or erose or acute, densely lepidote outside loosely pilose inside, margin ciliate with long hairs. Corolla bright yellow about 1.7 cm. long somewhat rotate: tube broadly campanulate darker yellow about 4 mm. long glabrous outside, BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. . 103 inside densely puberulous, expanding into a slightly concave. 5-lobed disk ; lobes oval or elliptic rounded at top about 8 mim. long 6 mm. broad beautifully crenulately fringed. Stamens 1o alternately long and short shorter than corolla, longest about 1.2 cm. long, shortest about 1 cm. long ; filaments orange-coloured slightly widened downwards naked at base over I-2 mm. then villous to a little above mouth of corolla-tube. Disk densely puberulous. Gynaeceum about 1.5 cm. long not quite as long as the corolla longer than stamens ; ovary about 2 mm. long cylindric truncate grooved lepidote with white imbricate scales mixed with some hairs which are more numerous at top and there form a crest; style red puberulous at base expanded at top under the lobulate stigma. S.W. Szechwan. Mu-li mountains, valley of the Li-tang river. Lat. 28° 12’ N. Alt. 12,000-13,000 ft. In pine forests and on open rocky pasture. Shrub of 1}-2}$ ft. Flowers bright yellow. G. Forrest. No. 16,252. June 1918. Rh. muliense is the last comer of the small number of yellow-flowered members of the Lapponicum series. Forrest has given special attention to these forms during the past two years and has sent home some splendid material of Rh. chryseum which is evidently the Yunnan type of the series. Now that he has broken into W. Szechwan one of the first- fruits is this new species which has come in a postal packet to Mr. J. C. Williams of Caerhays Castle. A glance at the specimen suffices to tell that this plant is different from all others known, and in a few words the diagnostic marks can be stated. Its indumentum with bicolorous scales dark and light equally intermixed and separated by less than the diameter of the scale distinguishes it from Rh. flavidum, Franch. and Rh. primulinum, Hemsl., which have concolorous dark scales separ- ated by more than the diameter of the scales. This indumentum character it shares with Rh. chryseum, Balf. f. et Ward, and Rh. psilostylum, Balf. f. But Rh. chry- seum has 5-8 stamens; Rh. muliense has 10 stamens. Rh. psilostylum has a calyx with orbicular lobes ; Rh. muliense has a calyx with oblong or ovate lobes. The species is a distinct one. Its nearest ally seems to be Rh. psilostylum from which other distinguishing characters shown by it are :—the scales of the upper leaf-surface are not scintillating and full of secretion, the deeply crenulate fringed corolla-lobes, stamens shorter than corolla, gynaeceum equalling in length not longer than corolla, ovary pilose and hair-crested as well as lepidote, style puberulous not glabrous. : It is not yet possible to say a final word upon the differ- Lq% See 104 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. entiation of species amongst those yellow-flowered Lapponicums, My knowledge of them at this time leads me to differentiate the five species named in the preceding lines—Kh. psilostylum being the plant diagnosed by Rehder and Wilson as Rh. flavidum var. psilostylum. We have at Edinburgh a plant under Wil- son’s number 1202 which therefore ought to be the Rh. flavidum of the Plantae Wilsonianae, but which is certainly not Rf. flavidum of Franchet nor yet Rh. primulinum of Hemsley. It has now flower-buds for the first time. Until they expand and the plant can be assigned its right place a discussion of the relationships in the series would be premature. . Rhododendron orthocladum,* Balf. f. et Forrest. A small densely but not intricately branched shrub about I m. high with straight ascending divaricate twiggy branches. Branches of the year not 1 mm. in diameter densely scurfy with overlapping ferruginous and pale-green intermixed peltate scales which remain more or less as small warts on the blackening older twigs which soon decorticate. Foliage-buds very small ovoid en- closed in a few lepidote and ciliate scale-leaves. Leaves petiolate as much as 1.5 cm. long persisting for 2 or 3 years; lamina cori- aceous linear-lanceolate slightly narrowed at both ends as much as I.4 cm. long 3 mm. broad, apex obtuse and mucronulate, margin flat or slightly recurved, when young distantly ciliate with long hairs erectly branched from above the middle the branches thin and sharp-pointed, when older obscurely notched by the scars of the fallen hairs, base obtuse or cuneate ; upper surface grey-green lepidote with contiguous and overlapping * o04dc, straight—in allusion to the form of the branches. + Rho hododendron orthocladum, Balf. fi et Forrest. -—Frutex nanus ad 1 m R divaricati haud intricati, hornotini porriginosi squamis peltatis imbricatis ferrugineis et albido-viridibus intermixtis vestiti. Folia petiolata ad 1.5 cm. lon mina coriacea lineari-lanceolata ad 1.4 cm. longa lobi 5 elliptici vel oblongi. Stamina ro corolla breviora ; filamenta albida basi aurantica et villosa; antherae rubrae. Discus puberulus. Gynaeceum stamini- revius ; Ovarium circ. 1.5 mm. longum conoideum truncatum imbricatim albido-lepidotum ; stylus glaber ruber; stigma purpureum. Capsula ovoidea cire. 3.5 cm. longa sq iccis vestita vab apice valvis 5 dehiscens. BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 105 whitish or greenish-white uniform scales close-pressed to the surface, each scale with a membranous fringe usually broader than the umbo which has a slight yellowish tint, midrib grooved, veins invisible ; under surface somewhat tawny darker or lighter and punctulate with a slightly raised midrib and concealed veins everywhere lepidote with contiguous overlapping biform scales, most uncoloured like those of upper surface, fewer dark brown on longer stalks and slightly projecting above the others their umbo infiltrated with red secretion, in oldest leaves more of the scales become infiltrated and the surface is more uniform; petiole about 1 mm. long punctulate lepidote. Flowers in I—3-flowered terminal umbels; outer bracts chestnut-brown ovate keeled acute mucronate lepidote outside, inside near apex sericeous, ciliate and at the top the hairs dense and lanate; innermost bracts membranous obovate-spathulate about 7 mm. long 3 mm. broad, with rounded mucronulate apex clad like the outer bracts; pedicels about 2-3 mm. long densely im- bricately whitely lepidote. Calyx minute barely 1 mm. long composed of a saucer-like cup spreading more or less horizon- tally 5-lobulate at the margin the lobules semi-lunate, the whole imbricate lepidote outside, the lobules more or less ciliate. Corolla lavender with a whitish centre about 1 cm. long spar- ingly lepidote and epilose outside; tube about 2 mm. long villous at the throat with an orange blotch at the base Pos- teriorly ; limb explanate 5-lobed ; lobes elliptic or oblong-elliptic rounded at apex slightly crenulate about 6 mm. long 5 mm. broad. Stamens 10 alternately longer and shorter, longer about 7 mm. long shorter about 5.5 mm., all shorter than corolla ; filaments white slightly widening to base which 1s orange- coloured, immediately above the naked base is a villous tuft within the corolla-tube; anthers bright red. Disk puberulous at top below ovary. Gynaeceum about 5 mm. long shorter than stamens; ovary conoid truncate grooved about 1.5 mm. long densely imbricately lepidote with colourless scales epilose ; style glabrous red clavate at the purple tip bearing the lobulate slightly lipped stigma. Capsule 3.5 mm. long ovoid brown and grizzly with dried peltate scales, dehiscing to the base by 5 valves. E.N.-W.-Yunnan. Mountains in the N.E. of the Yangtze bend. Lat. 27° 45’ N. Alt. 11,000—12,000 ft. Open situations on ledges of limestone cliffs. Shrub of 2-4 ft. In fruit. G. Forrest. No. 10,481. July 1913. This species of the Lapponicum series was gathered in fruit by Forrest in 1913. The specimens suggested its affinity with Rh. telmateium, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm., from the Chungtien plateau, but its method of branching with straight short twiggy shoots not intricately interwoven, its larger and more densely 106 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. set leaves, and its short style prevented its inclusion in Rh. telmateium and seemed to indicate that we had here a distinct species. Plants which flowered in 1918 at Caerhays Castle and also at Kew—and I am indebted to Mr. Williams and to the Director of Kew for trusses—supply conclusive evidence of its specific distinction. It gives promise of being one of the most attractive garden plants of the Lapponicum series. In the series its position is without doubt near Rh. telmaterwm—one of the subseries with contiguous scales in the under-leaf indu- mentum and punctulate with some darker scales. In addition to characters of difference from Rh. telmateium already men- tioned there is the 1-3-flowered inflorescence not a solitary terminal flower, the calyx is very much smaller, the corolla has an orange blotch in the tube, constantly 10 stamens with the filaments not purple but white with orange-coloured base. 48 Rhododendron perulatum,* Balf. f. et Forrest.7 Shrub about 1 m. high with thickish straight branches retaining for several years the dried scale-leaves of the foliage- buds. Branchlets a year old about 3 mm. in diameter densely tomentose with a persistent matted indumentum of long-stalked floccose hairs and stalked red glands, the indumentum persisting for several years on the branches as a white stratum; branches not nodulose. Outer leaf-scales of the foliage-bud crustaceous brown I or more cm. long 4 mm. more or less broad, acuminately tailed from a rounded base ‘carinate whitely tomentose with interlocking hairs on the ae and more or less glandular especially about the keel, margin ciliate with short-stalked fasciate hairs, inside tana or slightly puberulous, tail often * perula, the scale-leaf of a leaf-bud—in allusion to the persistent scale- leaves of the foliage-bud. Rh odendron perulatum, Balf. f. et Forrest.—Frutex nanus ad 1 m. altus. per annos plures perulati, annotini circ. 3 mm. diam. , mar ullo rugulosa glabrescens sed pilorum juvenilium vestigiis notata, costa ned sulcata sulco puberulo; subtus opaca fulva indumento persistente bistrato =— indute strati peaperi Pilis eneentie multi-ramosis curvatis intertextis, etiolus circ. 5 mm. longus glanduloso- tomentosus. Umbe ius ; ovarium “samadhi sulcatum dense glandulosum et pubescens subcristatum ; stylus basi puberulus. BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 107 equalling the base enveloped in white tomentum like that on keel ; innermost bracts membranous greenish-yellow ligulate- spathulate about 2.7 cm. long and 6 mm. broad, apiculate glabrous inside, outside woolly tomentose like outer bracts and the apiculus completely enwrapped in brown hairs, margin ciliate with stalked besom-hairs ; young leaf in bud revolute, on both sides densely tomentose hairs with stout stalks and much- branched curling and intertwining, those of upper surface deciduous at expansion. Leaves shortly petiolate as much as g cm. long; lamina thickly leathery rigid lanceolate or oblan- ceolate as much as 8.5 cm. long and 1.4 cm. broad narrowing to the acute apex where is a conspicuous hydathodal mucro, margin cartilaginous prominently revolute, long-tapered to narrow wedge-shaped base; upper surface dark olive-green opaque shagreened clad with obscure vestiges of juvenile hairs, midrib grooved, groove lined with hairs, primary veins about I4 on each side obscure ; under surface with an elevated midrib, the rest of the venation hidden, dull tawny-coloured completely covered by a loose-surfaced bistrate indumentum, lower stratum of rosette-hairs with few broad short vesicular arms patent uncoloured, upper stratum of stoutly-stalked much-branched hairs with long or short axis the branches of broad vesicular long cells with thin walls not terete and not curling tendrilwise but interlocking; petiole about 5 mm. long grooved above, densely tomentose and glandular like the branchlets. Inflor- escence (few-flowered) and bracts and _ bracteoles unknown ; pedicel about 1.7 cm. long glandular and pubescent. Calyx folia- ceous pink or orange-coloured as much as 1 cm. long ; cup fleshy about 1 mm. long outside more or less glandular and floccose- puberulous ; lobes oblong or oblong-oval glabrous outside and inside with some marginal cilia, reflexing and often falling off and leaving behind a toothed cup. Corolla tubular-campanulate about 3.5 cm. long puberulous at base inside without blotch or spots, slightly 5-gibbous at base, 5-lobed; lobes about 1.2 cm. long 1.8 cm. broad emarginate crenulate. Stamens r0 unequal shorter than corolla, longest about 2.4 cm. long with anther about 2.25 mm. long, shortest about 1.4 cm. long with anther about 1.5 mm. long; filaments widened downwards, from the base puberulous through one-third or one-half the length. Disk most densely puberulous below the ovary. Gynaeceum about 2.8 cm. long a little shorter than corolla a little longer than stamens; ovary elongate ovoid grooved dark-coloured densely covered with intermixed stalked glands (the glands Ovoid orange-coloured, the stalk whitish) and long simple hairs, at the top with a crest of erect uncoloured pointed simple hairs : style reddish-coloured at the base with a few straight simple Us 108 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. scattered uncoloured hairs, otherwise glabrous, only slightly expanded below the flat purple lobulate lipped stigma. S.E. Tibet. Tsarong. On Doker-la, Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28° 20’ N. Alt. 11,000 ft. Open rocky slopes by streams. Shrub of 2-4 ft. Flowers pale rose without markings. G. S.E. Tibet. Tsarong. On Ka-gwr-pw, Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28° 30’ N. Alt. 14,000 ft. On bouldery slopes. Shrub of 3 ft. Flowers deep rose without markings. G. Forrest. No. 14,513. Aug. 1917. This plant has affinity with the Roxieanum series. Its nearest ally is Rh. comisteum, Balf. f. et Forrest, from which it differs amongst other characters by its unspotted corolla ; glandular and tomentose not merely tomentose pedicels and ovary; style pilose at base not glabrous. It is like Rd. comisteum in indumentum which differs from that of Rh. Roxieanum and its immediate allies in having the branches of the interlocking hairs broad thin-walled vesicular and collapsing not cord-like and tendrillar. Rhododendron porphyrophyllum,* Balf. f. et Forrest.+ A creeping woody undershrub a few centimeters high or reach- ing half a meter rooting freely from the stem, the stems at first thin often only 2 mm. in diameter densely clad with cinnamon- : coloured woolly tomentum which persists for several years, showing short annual growths about 1 cm. long producing about 5 foliage-leaves at the top and densely clad with the persistent sharp-pointed outer scale-leaves of the foliage-bud, older stem thick hard woody with a grey decorticating soft bark. Outer scale-leaves of the foliage-bud lanceolate-acuminate from the or %6Qpve0s, purple—in allusion to the colour of the under surface of the : obtusa in alam angustam petiolarem prolongata ; supra viridis costa media venisque omnibus sulcatis glabrescens sed juvenilium vestigiis notata; infra intense rubro urea ci media elevata i $ ubique mento tenui bistrato demum detersili enis caeteroquin obscuri — Pilis strati Superi rufo-tinctis longe stipitatis multi-ramosis, strati inferi rosulatis breviter Tamosis ; petiolus crassus lanato-tomentosus ad 1 cm. longus Flores solitarii terminales basi bracteis intim: : . He brevius; ovarium cylindrico-conoideum ¢; ili iati . nie circ. 4.5 mm. longum pilis fasciatis crassis dense vestitum eglandulosum ; stylus glaber. BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 109 base keeled pink when young becoming brown and crustaceous more or less puberulous on back with many branched rufous hairs around the acuminate tip, floccosely ciliate; innermost scales thin membranous yellowish often as much as 2 cm. long ligulate-spathulate acuminate ; young leaves in the bud revolute, upper surface covered with floccose hairs falling as the leaf expands, under surface densely tomentose. Leaves petiolate as much as 6 cm. long; lamina thickly leathery oblanceolate or lanceolate or oval or oblong as much as 5 cm. long 1.5 cm. broad obtuse with a short conspicuous red tuberculate hyda- thodal mucro, margin revolute, base tapered to narrow wings running into the petiole ; upper surface dark green mat reticu- late and shagreened glabrescent but marked by bases of fallen juvenile floccose hairs, midrib grooved and lined by withered vestiges of hairs, primary veins some 13 on each side grooved, as are the ultimate veinlets ; under surface purple or magenta- red, midrib raised, rest of venation obscured, the whole surface covered with a thin loose bistrate indumentum of slightly tinted brownish hairs through which the red epidermal surface shows, hairs of the upper stratum with long stems branching freely the branches cylindric and pointed, under stratum of rosette short-branched hairs, whole indumentum detersile leaving the red epidermal surface naked or showing a few hairs on or about the midrib; petiole stout lanately tomentose as much as x cm. long often less. Flowers solitary at the end of the branches (? always) ; outer bracts crustaceous apiculate or tailed from an ovate base tomentose on back, floccose-fringed, innermost bracts more or less membranous yellow oblong-spathu- late or obovate rounded at apex more or less mucronulate as much as 2.2 cm. long and 1.2 cm. broad densely pubescent out- side and inside towards the top, ciliate, persistent during flower- ing; bracteoles unknown ; pedicels about 1.8 cm. long densely floccose. Calyx small fleshy 5-lobed about 1.5 mm. long; lobes rounded glabrous outside, flock-fringed. Corolla tubular- campanulate deep rose-coloured unspotted about 4 cm. long ; tube glabrous outside, puberulous inside, fleshy 5-gibbous and retuse 5-lobed ; lobes rounded about 1.3 cm. long 1.5 cm. broad. Stamens unknown. Disk puberulous belowovary. Gynaeceum shorter than corolla; ovary cylindrico-conoid about 4.5 mm. long grooved tomentose with fasciate upwardly curved hairs of few stout thick-walled branches ; style glabrous. S.E. Tibet. Tsarong. On Ka-gwr-pw. Lat. 28° 40'N. Alt. 13,000 ft. Open stony alpine pasture. Creeping shrub of 2-6 in. Flowers deep rose without markings. G. Forrest. No. 16,695. June 1918. (Duplicate of 1917 in foliage.) : W.N.-W.-Yunnan. Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28° 12’ N. IIo BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. Alt. 13,000 ft. On ledges of cliffs. Shrub of 2 ft. G. Forrest. No. 14,293. July 1917. This is a delightful species of the Forrestii series a speci- men of which with flower has come to Mr. J. illiams, Caerhays Castle, in a postal packet, one of the first-fruits of Forrest’s exploration during the year 1918. It is the same as Forrest’s No. 14,293 of his 1917 collection which is evidently the duplicate in foliage to which he refers on the ticket of 16,695. Its conspicuous features are :—the elongated oblan- ceolate to oblong leaves showing purple-red under surface with thin bistrate indumentum of long branched hairs and smaller rosette-hairs without any glands, more or less detersile ; densely floccose eglandular pedicels, calyx, and ovary; large corolla ; puberulous disk. I look upon the red under surface of the leaves of this species as indicating the persistence of a juvenile character now fixed as a specific character of the adult, an explanation which is also put forward in the case of Rh. Forrestii (see p. IIQ). Ug \S Rhododendron recurvum, Balf. f. et Forrest.* * Rhododendron vecurvum, Balf. £. et Forrest.—Frutex ad 3 m. altus. Rami crassi alabastrorum perulis persistentibus vestiti, hornotini : circ. 6 mm. diam. indumento crasso lanato rufo-aurantiaco bistrato persistente involuti eglandulosi. Perulae extimae crustaceae brunneae a basi ovata vel rotundata caudatae, extus glandulosae et puberulae, ciliatae; folia supra pilosa et glandulosa. Folia petiolata ad 10 cm. longa per annos plurimos persistentia ; lamina circ. 9 cm. lo gar nata i longata ; supra olivacea subrugulosa subnitens glabrescens sed pilorum glandu- larumque vestigiis notata, costa medi: profunde sulcata pilis vestigialibus referta ; ~ Si cincti, rhachi interiores rotun mentosae, lus circ. mm. longus 5-lobus glandulosus et puberulus, pilis glandu- roseo-s' us. G um circ. 2 cm. longum corolla ‘us; Ovarium cylindrico-conoideum truncatum circ. 4 mm. longum dense indulosum ; stylus glaber. BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. III much-branched hairs the branches twining and interweaving and a substratum of colourless rosette-hairs with short vesicular branches, eglandular, the indumentum present for many years becoming grey and blackening on the spongy bark ; outermost perulae of the foliage-bud crustaceous brown with an ovate or rounded cucullate base and a long tail much longer than base, inner surface more or less glandular (particularly over upper part of midrib) with red ovoid shortly-stalked glands intermixed with sebaceous floccose white or reddening hairs, margin beauti- fully ciliate with besom-like floccose hairs, these glands and hairs cover the outside and enwrap densely the tail ; intermediate scale- leaves with broader and larger base and the tail reduced to an apiculus, edge somewhat thinner, thence through more obovate forms to the innermost perulae which are pale yellow about 2.8 cm. long 4 mm. broad ligulate-spathulate shortly apiculate glandular and puberulous outside and with a ciliate margin ; young leaves with revolute ptyxis, upper surface pubescent with floccose hairs nearly sessile and branched from the base in long unicellular ascending straight or slightly curling pointed colourless threads intermixed with stout-stalked clavate orange-coloured or red glands, upper indumentum soon falling; under surface densely woolly with bright red-orange-coloured bistrate persistent indumentum like that of branches (the long interwoven hairs having perhaps shorter stalks). Leaves petiolate as much as Io cm. long persistent for several years and forming close-set tufts at the ends of the branches ; lamina rigid thickly leathery narrowly lanceolate or oblanceolate as much as 9 cm. long and 1.7 cm. broad tapered to the acute or shortly acuminate apex and ending in a conspicuous hydathodal red mucro, margin strongly recurved, gradually tapered to the base where it passes into the broad petiole as a slight wing ; upper surface olive-green glossy as if varnished somewhat shagreened apparently glabrous but showing vestiges of the fallen juvenile hairs and glands, midrib deeply grooved, groove lined with vestigial juvenile floccose hairs and an occasional gland, the primary veins as many as 18 on each side slightly grooved ; under surface rufous-orange-coloured from a thick woolly indumentum covering the raised midrib (where the coloration is sometimes paler even grey-white) and hiding the rest of the venation, indumentum persistent bistrate of elements like those of the branches, the upper-stratum hairs thick-walled and curling tendrilwise, the under stratum of rosette-hairs many-branched but not forming a conspicuous layer; petiole about I cm. long enwrapped in an indumentum (like that of the branches) as thick as itself, with the indumental cover it is broader than the base of the lamina. Flowers in a terminal racemose umbel enclosed in the bracts II2 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. which persist during flowering, as many as 20 flowers in the in- florescence, rhachis pubescent above with white straight hairs, below tomentose with long woolly hairs; bracts outermost woody subulate from a narrow base followed by rounded and ovate coriaceous with thinner margin keeled tailed or apiculate 1.5-2 cm. long and 7-10 mm. broad glabrous inside save at top where are silky adpressed hairs, outside more or less tomentose with floccosé rufous-orange-coloured hairs, tail or apiculus completely enwrapped in the tomentum: inner fertile bracts membranous spathulate or obovate with rounded or truncate apiculate apex as much as 2.5 cm. long and 7 mm. broad softly hairy with white or rufous tomentum more or less over whole outer and inner surfaces and on margin and summit; bracteoles much shorter than pedicels about o. 5 cm. long filiform adpressed pilose with white hairs, hair-crested ; pedicels as much as 2 cm. long stout expanded below the calyx, glandular with shortly stalked ovoid red glands also puberulous with simple hairs. Calyx very small a little over 1 mm. long cut to the base into 5 rounded lobes, whole calyx more or less glandular and puberulous outside, margin of lobes gland-fringed and ciliate. Corolla white flushed rose outside with a few posterior crimson spots without a blotch about 2.8 cm. long with a funnel- shaped tube narrow cylindric at base slightly curved thick- ened and 5-gibbous, puberulous inside, glabrous outside, expanding into a 5-lobed limb; lobes about 1 cm. long and 1.4 cm. broad thin emarginate crenulate. Stamens 10 unequal shorter than corolla, longest about I.7 cm. long with anther 2 mm. long, shortest about I cm. long with anther 1.5 mm. long ; filaments stout expanded downwards, from the base upward to about the middle finely puberulous. Disk large densely puberu- lous. Gynaeceum about 2 cm. long shorter than corolla longer than stamens ; ovary cylindrico-conoid truncate about 4 mm. long grooved densely glandular with ovoid orange- coloured short-stalked glands; style pale-coloured glabrous hardly expanded below the much broader dark-coloured discoid lobulate lipped stigma. E.N.-W.-Yunnan. Mountains in the N.E. of the Yangtze bend. Boulder-strewn slopes. Alt. II,000-12,000 ft. Lat. ay" 45° N. Shrub of 4-6 ft. Flowers -white flushed rose on exterior. G. Forrest. No. 10,540. July 1913. E.N.-W.-Yunnan. Mountains in the N.E. of the Yangtze bend. In open thickets, Alt. 10,000 ft. Lat. 27° 45’ N. Shrub of 8-10 ft. Flowers rose? G. Forrest. No. 10,991. Aug. I9g13. N.W. Yunnan. Kari Pass, Mekong-Yangtze divide. Open stony pastures. Alt. 12,000-13,000 ft. Lat. 27° 40'N. Flowers rose. G. Forrest. No. 12,947. July 1914. BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. II3 Rh. recurvum is in cultivation raised from seed of Forrest’s No. 10,540. This species has been confused hitherto with RA. Roxieanum, G. Forrest. In habit and general form they are much alike but in addition to minor marks of distinction the easily-recognised points of difference are:—Rh. recurvum has funnel-shaped . corolla, a glandular and puberulous pedicel and calyx and a glandular ovary. Rh. Roxieanum has campanulate corolla, a tomentose pedicel, a finely puberulous calyx and a tomentose ovary and in all these parts has no such glands as occur in the other species. Judging by the specimens obtained by Forrest Rh. recurvum is the commoner species, and extends over the eastern area of N.W. Yunnan from the Kari Pass to the Chung- tien Plateau. Over this area it assumes in the highest district a more dwarf habit and all its parts become much smaller. One set of Forrest’s specimens, No. 13,005, presents us with a plant so different in appearance one might readily take it for a distinct species. The leaves are linear 5 cm. or less long and about 5 mm. broad recalling in a measure but for their pointed tips the foliage of Rh. proteoides, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm. ; the reduction in size of parts appears also in the flower which shows greater curvature and irregularity. No really diagnostic specific characters are to be found and one must regard this as an alpine dwarf state of Rh. recurvuum—var. oreonastes, if you please. In support of this Forrest’s specimen with the label “ Bei-ma-shan. _ Open situations amongst rocks. Alt. 12,000 ft. Lat. 28° 30'N. Shrub 3-4 ft. No. 13,536. Sept. TgI4 % shows us a form slightly larger than the alpine form and indicating as it were a transition to the alpine from the lower altitudes :— \S!0 Rhododendron recurvum, Balf. f. et Forrest, var. Oreonastes, Balf. f. et Forrest. Pedicels as much as 1.5 cm. long glandular with short-stalked ovoid orange-coloured glands and puberulous, obliquely ex- panded below the flower; bracteole much shorter than pedicel about 5 mm. long filiform densely pilose outside with curled white hairs apex hair-crested. Calyx a very small fleshy cup barely 1 mm. long showing 5 minute marginal teeth, whole calyx glandular and puberulous outside. Corolla about 2.5 cm. long with a funnel-shaped tube about half its length, glabrous outside, puberulous inside, fleshy and prominently 5-gibbous at base expanding into a deflexed 5-lobed limb ; lobes unequal, posterior largest about I cm. long and 1.4 cm. broad rounded thin crenulate emarginate. Stamens I0 unequal, longest about 1.8 cm. long with anther 2 mm. long, shortest about I cm. long with anther about 1.5 mm. long; filaments II4 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. slightly expanded downwards, from the base finely puberulous upwards sometimes to about the middle in the shorter stamens. Disk very large and puberulous. Gynaeceum about 2.3 cm. long; ovary cylindric about 3 mm. long truncate slightly grooved densely glandular, glands ovoid orange-coloured with white stalks; style stout glabrous lipped below the discoid large lobulate stigma wider than style. N.W. Yunnan. Kari Pass, Mekong-Yangtze divide. Open stony pastures. Alt. 14,000 ft. Lat. 27° 40’ N. Shrub of 2 ft. G. Forrest. No. 13,005. Aug. rgr4. U3\+ Rhododendron Reginaldi,* Balf. f.+ Pyramidal bush or round-headed tree over 4 m. high spread- ing profusely. Foliage-buds narrowly ovoid pointed about 1.2 cm. long and 6 mm. broad; outer scale-leaves crustaceous * After its discoverer, Reginald Farrer. + Rhododendron Reginaldi, Balt. f—Arbor parva ad 4 m. alta late patens. abastra anguste ovoidea acuta; perulae extimae glabrae margine ciliato folia juvenilia revoluta supra pilosa et glandulosa. Folia petiolata ad 10 cm. longa; lamina oblonga ad maturitatem +9 . rs 3 4 ore . ee a i venis primariis utrinsecus ad 17 pinnatim patentibus; infra pallidior costa a racemosam circ. 7-floram dispositi; bracteolae circ. 5 mm. longae pilosae ; Pedicelli breves circ. 8 mm. longi rubro-glandulosi. Calyx obsoletus. Corolla pallide rosea variculosa et maculata infundibuliformis, circ. 4.5 cm. longa, 7-loba ; erm : we uans; ovarium cylindrico- conoideum truncatum circ. 5.5 mm. longum glabrum ; stylus glaber. sts BaLFouR—NEw SpEcIES oF RHODODENDRON. II5 under-leaf surface deep red; the upper surface also often red-veined). Flowers in a few-flowered (7) shortly racemose umbel, rhachis not r cm. long; bracts unknown ; bracteoles fili- form about 5 mm. long shorter than pedicel adpressedly pilose hair-crested ;_ pedicel short about 8 mm. long gradually expanding below the calyx to which it is slightly oblique, glandular the glands red ovoid on short stalks. Calyx obsolete showing only some point-like teeth on the margin of a fleshy rim. Corolla funnel-shaped about 4.5 cm. long pale pink with evidently a posterior darker blotch and some crimson spots, not gibbous at the base, glabrous inside and outside 7-lobed ; | lobes rounded about 1.4 cm. long 1.8 cm. broad emarginate hardly crenulate. Stamens 14 unequal shorter than corolla and gynaeceum, longest about 3.3 cm. long with anther 3 mm. long, shortest about 2 cm. long with anther 2.5 mm. long; filaments cylindric not widened to base, very finely puberulous for a short distance at very base; anthers oblong fat as much as I.5mm.indiameter. Disk glabrous small. Gynaeceum about 3-4 cm. long about equal to the stamens ; ovary cylindrico-conoid truncate about 5.5 mm. long deeply grooved glabrous ; Style glabrous slightly expanding at top under the flat lobulate stigma. . Kansu. ‘‘ Only seen above gooo ft. in one series of wooded or coppiced mountain glens on the 10,000-ft. range intervening between the main chains of Siku and Satanee, not (for once) on limestone, but on ared shale. A comely pyrami bush or. round-headed tree of 12-15 it., exceedingly profuse, with lovely pale-pink flowers.” Farrer. No. 63. May 12, IgT4. A distinct species of the series of Eurhododendrons which have 7-lobed corollas, 14 stamens, glabrous ovary and style, and in which the leaves are at maturity glabrous everywhere. * Rhododendron repens, Balf. f. et Forrest. Creeping under-shrub rising 5-10 cm. above the ground of slow growth forming gnarled woody stems, annual increments rarely 7 * Rhododendron vepens, Balf. f. et Forrest —Suffrutex repens ad ro cm. altus, Rami ultimi breves glandulosi alabastrorum perulis persistentibus vestiti folia 5 Tosulata apicalia gerentes. Folia petiolata ad 3.5 cm. longa 2 cm, lata saepe minora crasse coriacea rigida a u tomentosum ; stylus glaber. Capsula paullo curvata ones. (ad 2.5 cm.) vel brevis (circ. 1 cm.). Semina exalata ecristata. G 116 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. I cm. long (except for an occasional water-shoot about 4 cm. long) and producing at most some 5 foliage-leaves in a rosette, outer scale-leaves of the foliage-bud persistent below the leaves and for many years. Branchlets a year old about 1.5 mm. in diameter pinkish or red and glandular with short-stalked capitate red glands, ultimately becoming grey and decorticating. Foliage-buds ovate rufous-brown ; outer scales chartaceous lanceolate acumin- ate from the base, keeled ciliate otherwise glabrous about 9 mm. long and 1.5 mm. broad; innermost ligulate-spathulate yellowish more membranous and longer ; young leaf in the bud revolute, upper surface entirely clad with chestnut-coloured short floccose hairs, upper margin of petiole clad likewise, its under surface red glandular. Leaves petiolate variable in size as much as 3.5 cm. long or as little as I cm., persisting for some three years clustered (3-5) at the end of the annual growths ; lamina leathery rigid obovate oblong or elliptic varying much in size from 8 mm. long by 6 mm. broad to 3 cm. long by 2 cm. broad, apex rounded with a tuberculate dark-coloured mucro, margin cartilaginous slightly recurved somewhat erose and roughened by scars of fallen floccose hairs, base obtuse or somewhat cuneately tapered into the petiole; upper surface dark-green opaque showing a deeply grooved midrib with some 8 primary veins on each side which may be hardly visible or may be grooved giving the surface a somewhat bullate aspect, midrib groove is lined by vestiges of floccose hairs and the whole surface pocked by scars of the fallen juvenile hairs; under surface paler green often glaucous or approaching olive-brown colour, midrib and primary veins pinkish and raised, rest of venation appearing as a reddish or brown slightly raised reticu- lation, red shortly-stalked capitate glands scattered all over the midrib and veins, on the midrib a few floccose hairs also ; petiole as much as 8 mm. long usually less, pink or red grooved above ~ and floccose above, glandular beneath. Flowers solitary terminal to the branches (I have seen once two flowers at the end of a shoot), base of pedicel enclosed by bracts during flowering ; bracts few eglandular eciliate outer ones tinted red chartaceous ovate apiculate, about 8 mm. long and 4 mm. broad or more, followed by oval and then obovate forms as much as 2 cm. long and 1 cm. broad, all glabrous save for a patch of adpressed white hairs at the top outside and inside ; bracteoles about 5 mm. long narrowly ligulate glabrous or with an occasional marginal gland ; pedicel as much as 2 cm. long densely glandular (with ovoid “orange-coloured glands) and with a few setiform greasy reddish unbranched sometimes branched hairs intermixed. Calyx small saucer-shaped as much as 3 mm. long divided to near the base Into 5 ovate acute somewhat membranous red gland-fringed lobes + BaLFouR—NEw SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. Ba glabrous on the back. Corolla tubular-campanulate crimson about 3.8 cm. long; tube glabrous outside and inside 5-gibbous retuse fleshy at the base with 5 imperfect interpetaline septa ; lobes 5 rounded about 8 mm. long and 2 cm. broad eMarginate and crenulate. Stamens 10 subequal much shorter than corolla, longest about 2 cm. long, shortest about 1.8 cm. long ; fila- ments dark-crimson at slightly-widened base, glabrous ; anthers rich brown about 2 mm. long. Disk large 1 cm. long puberu- lous below ovary. Gynaeceum about 2.1 cm. long equalling or slightly longer than stamens; ovary about 4 mm. long grooved cylindric-conoid truncate densely tomentose with complete cover of floccose greasy pinkish adpressed ascending hairs those at top forming a crest around base of style ; style glabrous hardly swollen at top beneath the lobulate stigma. Capsule as much as 2.5 cm. long and 5 mm. broad (sometimes much smaller) brown faintly bristly or warted slightly oblique to pedicel nearly straight, calyx-cup conspicuous and enlarged at its base, dehiscing from apex by five valves which leave a stylopodar fringe. Seeds small 1.75 mm. long .75 mm. broad without arillar wing or crest, pale brown, testa striate, chalazal end rounded, funicular end truncate minutely fringed. W.N.-W.-Yunnan. Mekong-Salween divide. On moss-clad boulders and stony moist pasture. Alt. 12,000-14,000 ft. Lat. 28° 20’ N. Creeping shrub of 1-2 in. Flowers bright scarlet crimson. G. Forrest. No. 14,011. June 1917. W.N.-W.-Yunnan. Mekong-Salween divide. Open moist stony pasture. Alt. 12,000-13,000 ft. Lat. 27° 40’ N. Creep- ing shrub of 2-3 in. Flowerscrimson. G. Forrest. No. 14,138. : July 1917. S.E. Tibet. Tsarong. On Ka-gwr-pw, Mekong-Salween divide. Open moist stony pasture and on boulders. Alt. 14,000 ft. Lat. 28° 30’ N. Creeping shrub of 1-2 in. Flowers dark Crimson. G. Forrest. No. 14,534. Aug. 1917. W.N.-W.-Yunnan. Mekong-Salween divide. On_ boulders and cliffs. Alt. 11,000-12,000 ft. Lat. 28° 10’ N. Climbing shrub of 2-3 ft. In fruit. G. Forrest. No. 13,259, Sept. 1914; No. 13,442, Oct. 1914. fem Rh. repens as displayed in the specimens cited is a plant of the same habit as and in other characters very like RA. Forrestii, Balf. f. The species are very nearly allied. The general appearance of the plants in dried specimens suggests specific difference and confirms the conclusion at which Forrest has arrived from his observation of the plants growing in their habitats. Yet critical consideration of the details of structure shown by the dried specimens raises the question—Have we here one or two species ? And this I propose to discuss. 118 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. Rh. Forrestii was discovered by Forrest in I905 growing in the Tsedjiong Pass on the Mekong-Salween divide in lat. 28° 10’ N. at 10,000-11,000 ft. elevation but owing to the de- struction by the Lamas of the greater part of his collections of that year only one fragmentary specimen of the plant reached this country under No. 699—sufficient in the case of so striking a novelty to sanction description as a new species. Two prominent features in the plant at once arrest attention—the small elliptic or slightly obovate leaves with dark almost black- purple under surface and the deep crimson colour of the solitary terminal flowers. In course of the explorations which Forrest has made during the dozen years that have elapsed since the discovery of this plant he had not come across its like again until this year 1918 when he sends home to Mr. J. ©. Williams in a postal packet specimens of it under No. 16,689 from a station at a higher altitude a little further south than that of the original find. This sending gives material for a better knowledge of the species—although un- fortunately the important fruit is still wanting—and enables me to add to the published description of the species hitherto incomplete. In the years between 1905 and rgr8 Forrest has found the plants cited here under Rh. repens. They differ from Rh. Forvestii in the arresting characters mentioned. They have larger coarser leaves prominently obovate and pale green not deep black-purple on the under side and the flowers are brighter crimson. Specimens No. 13,259 and 13,442 are in fruit which IN 13,259 is twice the length of that in 13,442, but there is no other apparent character of difference and the plants conform generally with the other green-leaved forms. From seeds of No. 13,259 plants have been raised by Mr. J. C. Williams at Caerhays Castle and these plants in specimens presented to us by him have leaves with green under surface like those of the parent. On one plant I found a leaf evidently an early formed one which has a bright-red under surface. This suggests that the seedling leaves in this plant possess this character which is not shown by the leaves produced by the adult. The development of such a type of leaf in the seedling stage 1S a recognised habit in many Rhododendrons and in back-breaks ” and water-shoots the same seedling type of leaf commonly appears. In Forrest’s Tsarong plant from Ka-gwr-pw No. 14,534 I find such a water-shoot. We have then evidence upon which to found satisfactorily the statement that the plant we are calling Rh. repens is one of those Rhododen- drons which begin life with leaves deeply red or purple-tinted below, and that the coloration is not maintained during its BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. IIg life after the seedling stage. It has a juvenile stage recognisable by a structural colour-character from an adult stage. This is important for it makes legitimate the putting forward in explanation of the adult-leaf condition of Rh. Forrestii that it is a persistent juvenile form. We do not know the seedling state of Rh. Forrestii but we cannot doubt that its adult character of leaf-colour will be ascertained to be a continuation of its seedling character. I have suggested elsewhere * that the anthocyanin colora- tion of the leaf under-surface in these seedling Rhododendrons probably plays the réle of heat-regulator. It is conceivable that conditions of the environment might call for the retention of this controlling colouring matter through the later phases of life of the plant, and that in what we are calling Rh. Forvestii with its reddened leaves we have only a local casual rendering ofa type which normally exhibits the foliage with green under surface of what we are calling Rh. repens, that is to say, that we have before us an unstable variation. But that is not the limit of conception in the case. The evidence does not negate the possibility that the leaf-colour originating in this way in a seedling character has become fixed as an adult character and is a constant feature in the plant under consideration. The retention and the final fixing of juvenile character is a well - recognised phenomenon of plant - life affecting structure of deeper moment than mutable possessions like colour-tints even to the degree of differentiating genera. In Convallaria (lily of the valley) for instance we have the permanently juvenile form of Polygonatum (Solomon’s seal). In support of the view that Rh. Forrestii and Rh. repens are specifically distinct and that this leaf-colour is a fixed diagnostic mark three bits of evidence may be brought forward :— ; The observations of Forrest—‘‘the man on the spot “— who has been impressed by their difference and has found no intermediate states such as would be likely to occur were the leaf-colour a fluctuating one. His many specimens confirm is In only one adult twig of his Ka-gwr-pw specimens have I seen a suggestion of tinting on the under-leaf surface. The fact that the two sets of specimens of Rh. E orrestit come from different localities with difference of elevation of 2000 ft. seems to favour the idea of constancy of the leaf- colour character. Scpcee In allied species of the Forrestil series which leave no room for questioning of specific identity we find parallel develop- ments. Rh. evastum, Ball. f. et Forrest (see p. 60), and RA. porphyrophyllum, Balf. f. et Forrest (see p. 108), supply the * In Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin., xxvii (1917), 221. 120 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. illustration in point. Their specific difference is manifest and their close phyletic relation no less so. All the leaves of Rh. porphyrophyllum have dark purple-red under surface, all the leaves of Rh. evastum have a green under surface. Although we do not know the seedling state of either of these species their habit and relationships sanction the forecast that in their seedling stage both have leaves red on the under side. RA. porphyrophyllum has retained the juvenile character in its adult state like Rh. Forrestii, Rh. erastum- has parted with it like Rh. repens. : For the value of the colour-tint of the flower for diagnosis between Rh. Forrestii and Rh. repens we must depend upon the observation of Forrest. In the nearly allied series of Rhododendron which centres round Rh. sanguineum, Franch., we have colour-tint of much the same depth and intensity as that given by Forrest in this case and it aids in the separation of Rh. haemaleum, Balf. f. et Forrest from its near ally Rh. sanguineum. So far as dried specimens offer evidence the colour in Rh. Forrestii is not so intense as in the darkest of the Sanguineum series. Forrest speaks of the Ka-gwr-pw plants of Rh. repens as having dark crimson flowers, which would seem to weaken the value of the colour-tint as a differential mark in the Forrestii series. Minor marks of difference between Rh. Forrestii and Rh. repens may be tabulated thus :— Rh. Forrestii. Rh. repens. Pedicels glandular. Pedicels glandular and floccose. alyx-lobes fleshy glandular and Calyx-lobes glabrous outside, _ gland-fringed. gland-fringed. Ovary glandular. Ovary floccose-tomentose. The characters seem to me to be constant in the two forms respectively and to re-enforce the points of diagnosis already discussed. But in‘ the Ka-gwr-pw plant to which special calyx character breaks down—the plant has a glandular calyx— and perhaps others of these characters are not so definitely Separating as at first seemed to be the case. Further explora- tion bringing more specimens will decide. Meanwhile having Siven as I hope a reasoned interpretation of all the facts in the case I have decided to follow Forrest in taking Rh. Forrestist comparison with the description of Rh. repens, a fuller account of Rh. Forrestii than has been possible hitherto owing to lack of material : - BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. I2I Rh. Forrestit, Balf. {.* ms., descr. Diels in Notes R.B.G. Edin., v (1912), 211, char. emend. Woody undershrub climbing over moist moss - covered boulders to which it clings, rooting freely from the stems which are clad for several years with the persistent scale-leaves of the foliage-buds, of slow growth forming annual increments of about I cm. in length, producing at most about 5 foliage-leaves in a rosette. Branchlets a year old about 1.5 mm. in diameter pinkish red-glandular becoming grey afterwards before de- corticating. Perfect foliage- bud not seen; persistent outer scale-leaves of the bud somewhat crustaceous brown lanceolate- acuminate from the base; innermost scales ligulate-spathulate more membranous about 8 mm. long and 1.5 mm. broad, all with a patch of adpressed hairs towards the top. Leaves petiolate as much as 3 cm. long but often much less persistent r three or four years clustered at the end of the annu growths; lamina leathery rigid obovate as much as 2 cm. eciliate, outer purple-tinted chartaceous ovate apiculate about 8 mm. long, innermost membranous pale brown ovate or obovate about 1.8 cm. long, all with adpressed hairs near the top; bracteoles unknown; pedicel strict erect about 1.2 cm. long glandular with red capitate stalked glands, epilose. Calyx * Diels’ description runs :— ce Rhododendyon Forrestii, Balf. f. ms., descr. Diels.—Frutex scandens 0.9-1.5 m. altus ; rami ultimi breves. Folia breviter petiolata, coriacea, obovata, apice minute mucronulata, margine recurva, subtus purp ntia glandulosa, : subbullata, 1.5-2 cm. longa, 0.8-1.2 cm. lata, costa subtus prominens. Bracteae summae latissimae, pallidae, apice minute tomentellae. Calyx obsoletus. : intense kermesina, tubus circ. 2 cm. longus sensim ampliatus, limbi lobi suborbi- cu ; | “‘ Climber of 3-5 ft. Flowers deep crimson. On moist, moss-covered socks on the ascent of the Tsedjiong Pass, Mekong-Salwin divide. Lat. 28° 10’ N. Alt. 10,000-11,000 ft. June-July 1905. S.E. Tibet.” G. Forrest. No. 699. branchlets, the shorter petioles, the leaves being not lepidote, the calyx obsolete, and the corolla-tube longer. I could not examine the stamens and ovary without destroying the specimen. 122. BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. obsolete showing 5 fleshy rounded lobes hardly .5 mm. long glandular and gland-fringed. Corolla deep crimson about 2.6 cm. long tubular-campanulate ; tube glabrous fleshy 5-gibbous : lobes rounded. Stamens subequal slightly shorter than gynae- ceum, longest I.9 cm. long; filaments glabrous dilated to the base. Disk large glabrous about 1.5 mm. long. Gynaeceum about 2.2 cm. long; ovary about 3.5 mm. long grooved cylindric -conoid densely glandular, glands ovoid stalked, epilose ; style glabrous; stigma lobulate. _S.E. Tibet. Mekong-Salween divide. On moist moss-covered rocks on the ascent of the Tsedjiong Pass. Alt. 10,000—11,000 ft. Lat. 28° 10’ N. Climber of 3-5 ft. Flowers deep crimson. G. Forrest. No. 699. June-July 1905. W.N.-W.-Yunnan. Siela_ Pass, Mekong-Salween divide. Lat: 28°. N. Ait. 13,000 ft. G. Forrest. No. 16,689. June 1918. Type. Duplicate of No. 699 (1905). For several years we knew and only in partial degree of Rh. Forrestii as a lovely alpine from $.E. Tibet where it borders on N.W. Yunnan, a solitary species apparently unique in character amongst rhododendrons. Now by his , persevering and thorough work of exploration during 1917 and 1918 Forrest reveals to us that Rh. Forrestii is only one of a group of forms of which he sends home material that suffices to sanction our describing four new species of every one of which we may say that it has just claims to be considered a rival in beauty of the first-known species of the group. The immediately preceding pages contain my story of Rh. repens and on other pages will be found under the names Rh. erastum (p. 60), Rh. porphyro- phyllum (p. 108), and Rh. serpens, Balf. . et Forrest (p. 135); descriptions of other members of the group. Of Rh. por- phyrophyllum and Rh. serpens which have come in specimens by postal packet the material is not abundant but their marks. of distinctness are so evident that one cannot hesitate over describing them. Thus we have a small series of rhodo- dendrons centring in the old Rh. Forrestii of which the general characters may be briefly stated as :—Creeping under- shrubs of low growth Tooting freely along the branches which ’ cites ae ne foliage-leaves—these more or less persistent for a year or two— are produced whilst rosettes of persistent scale-leaves marking BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 123 margins and either glandular on the under surface or glandular with a thin indumentum of hairs but the indumentum never forming a surface concealing the underlying epidermis. Flowers either solitary and terminal or in few-flowered (up to 3) umbels, the inner large sheathing bracts persisting as a sheath around base of the pedicels during flowering. The pedicels always glandular or floccose or both. The calyx not large but the lobes always distinct. The corolla tubular-campanulate large for the plant more or less fleshy crimson of some tint often incom- pletely septate at base, glabrous inside and outside. Stamens Io subequal; filaments glabrous or puberulous. Disk large glabrous or puberulous. Gynaeceum slightly longer than stamens shorter than corolla; ovary glandular with long stalked glands or tomentose with fasciate floccose ascending hairs or showing a combination of these; style glabrous. These characters in brief are given not as defining the series —we do not know enough about it yet—but merely to indicate the run of the development in the members of the series and to suggest the whereabouts of the position of these plants in the now very large genus Rhododendron. They evidently bring Rh. Forrestii and its allies into the vicinity of Rh. san- guineum which as is explained elsewhere (see p. 81) hinges on to Rh. haematodes, to Rh. floccigerum, and finally to Rh. neriifiorum, of known species. The gynaeceum with its glandular, floccose, or glandular-floccose ovary and the glabrous sty e, the sequence from solitary to few-flowered trusses in pubeiseornee, the fleshy more or less campanulate corolla often mperfectly septate of strong colour, the gradation of type of ndumentum marking these species seem to bring them together in closer affinity one with another than with other species. For practical working with these rhododendrons the characters named are useful in focussing what appear to be relationships as we endeavour to fix phyletic groups. The following key based upon the indumentum of under- leaf surface gives easily observed diagnostic marks of the species Within the series centring in-Rh. Forresti :— Leaf under-surface deep purple-red. Leaf under-surface without hairs, glandular Lea . i with — hair-indumentum porphyrophyllum. fu Leaf under-surface green or glau Lea ceaucteaort without’ parte glandular repens. Leaf paikeetastace with tufted detersile hairs ng the vein erastum. Leaf under-surface uniformly covered with serpens. thin brown indumentum 439 haud vestiti. Folia ad apicem ramulorum rosul 124 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. One further comment :—It has been remarked that the flowers of the West Chinese rhododendrons do not as a rule rival in form, in consistence and in depth and intensity of colour Himalayan species such as Rh. Thomsoni, Rh. fulgens, Rh. barbatum and the like. The Chinese forms we have been considering are certainly evidence to the contrary and to have made known and introduced to our gardens these lovely plants which will be amongst their greatest glories in the future should be some reward to Mr. Forrest for all the labour and hardship of the years he has devoted to the explorations which have secured them. , Rhododendron roseotinctum, Balf. {. et Forrest.* A dwarf shrub not I m. high with many thin twiggy short branches at first about 2 mm. in diameter apparently more or less clad with adpressed floccose hairs soon glabrescent, annual growths short 2 cm. or less each crowned by a rosette of 5-6 leaves which do not persist after the second year, stem nodulose at top of successive year’s growth, not clothed with persistent outer scale-leaves of foliage-buds, becoming white before decortication. Foliage-buds elongated fusiform pointed ; outer scale-leaves soon deciduous crustaceous with rounded or oblong base keeled ending in a firm tail or apiculus outer surface more or less puberulous with white adpressed branched hairs which also sheathe the apiculus, margin shortly floccose-ciliate : inner scale-leaves yellow long ligulate-spathulate about 2.5 cm. long 6 mm. broad membranous obtuse or rounded at apex and shortly apiculate outside glabrous below towards top puberulous the apiculus and around it clad with a rufous omentum, margin floccose ciliate; young leaves revolute in bud upper surface sprinkled with caducous floccose fasciate * Rhododendron roseotinctum, Balf. . Forrest.—Frutex nanus vix I ™ Rami breves glabresc ; lamina coriacea ovalis vel oblongo-ovalis circ. 5 cm. longa 2.5 cm. lata ongus glabrescens. Umbella terminalis 3—4-flora ; bracteae ad 1.5 cm. longae; bracteolae ensiformes s i lan munusve Toseo-tincta ad 3.2 cm. longa, basi carnea intus septis interpetalinis in- completis divisa, glabra ; lobi rotundati reflexi. Stamina 10 inaequalia corolla reviora ; filamenta puberula glaber. Gynaeceum circ. 2.8 cm. longum corolla brevius staminibus longius — ; Ovarium breviter ovoideum truncatum : glanduloso-setulosum floce: : ; stylus glaber. BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 125 hairs. Leaves as much as 5.5 cm. long; lamina leathery oval or oblong-oval sometimes slightly oboval as much as 5 cm. long 2.5 cm. broad rounded at apex ending in a short red hydathodal mucro, margin slightly cartilaginous and slightly recurved, base obtuse and prolonged as a narrow wing upon the short petiole ; upper surface olive-green mat slightly rugulose glabrescent with vestiges of juvenile hairs particularly in the groove of the midrib, primary veins some 9g on each side also grooved ; under surface grey-white with prominent slightly pink- tinted more or less floccose midrib, primary veins slightly raised but clad like rest of surface with a thin smooth scintillating bistrate persistent indumentum, the hairs of the upper stratum with a short stout pluricellular stipe crowned by many broad thin-walled elongated cell-branches interlocking to form the finely honeycomb-surface and covering a number of shorter stalked or almost sessile like-constructed hairs with shorter branches, eglandular; petiole short reddening about 5 mm. long glabrescent. Flowers in a terminal 3—5-flowered umbel ; flower-bud globose ; * outer sterile bracts like but a little larger than the scale-leaves of foliage-bud, inner fertile bracts chartaceous rotundate cucullate as much as 1.5 cm. long outside and inside silky ; bracteoles ensiform about 8 mm. long nearly 1 mm. broad sparingly and shortly hairy from base upwards on margin and back, at the acuminate tip slightly crested ; pedicels as much as 2.5 cm. long usually shorter about 1.5 cm. densely setulose- glandular with ovoid glands at the end of long stout setulose stalks and mixed with a few fasciate floccose hairs, expanded under the calyx. Calyx about 3 mm. long shallow saucer- shaped; base of the cup about I mm. long gland-setulose outside fleshy expanding at the rim into a red somewhat membranous undulate fringe glabrous outside and showing more or less distinctly 5 irregular rounded lobes setulose and glandular on the margin, this fringe apparently sometimes Corolla cupular-campanulate open from the base corolla, longest about 2.2 cm. ! long; anther about 2.5 mm. long; filaments stout widened downwards, puberulous from the base through one-third to one-fourth the length. Disk glabrous. Gynaeceum about 2.8 cm. long shorter than corolla longer than stamens; ovary conoid truncate deeply grooved densely glandular, glands adpressed ovoid orange-coloured somewhat setulose long-stalked Unie 126 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON, mixed with a few floccose stalked hairs ; style glabrous stout clavate below the lobulate lipped broad discoid stigma. Cap- sule cylindric about 1 cm. long about 7 mm. in diameter dark brown with vestiges of ovary indumentum dehiscing by 5 valves from apex to base. ~ W.N.-W.-Yunnan. Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28° 12’ N. Alt. 12,000 ft. Open pasture and amongst boulders. Shrub of 2-3 ft. Flowers creamy-white, beautifully margined deep rose-crimson. G. Forrest. No. 14,211. y 1917. W.N.-W.-Yunnan. Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28° 12’ N. Alt. 11,000 ft. In open cane scrub. Shrub from 2-2} ft. Flowers dull soft rose without markings. G. Forrest. No. 14,268. July rg17. One of the most charming forms into which the type of Rh. sanguinewm, Franch., diverges on the highlands in the N.W. of Yunnan. It seems to have shorter and broader and less obovate leaves than others of the series and its corolla forms a shallower more open bell. The bright rose-tinting of the corolla- lobes which is retained to some extent in the dried material is a marked beautiful feature according to Forrest. On p. 80 the relationships of Rh. sanguineum and its allies are discussed. Rhododendron russatum,* Balf. f. et Forrest.+ Shrub about 1 m. high with stiff thin branches. Branchlets a year old 2 mm. in diameter squarrosely and rufescently lepidote * rvussatus, reddened—in allusion to the under-leaf indumentum. + Rhododendron russatum, Balf. f. et Forrest.—Frutex i Rami nanus ad 1 m. altus ramus strictis tenuibu : annotini ad 2 mm. diam. squamis rufescentibus squarrosi. Folia petiolata ad 3 cm. longa; lamina crasse coriacea oblongo- elliptica vel oblongo-oval ta, Margine vix rec ongu rtitus ; cupula 0.5 mm. longa extus glabra : berula ; lobi obovato-oblongi vel oblongi obtusi erosi extus minute puberuli sparsim lepidoti vel elepidoti, intus glabri, setuloso-ciliati. Corolla subrotata intense p ea circ. 1.5 cm. longa extus elepidota ; tubus longus extus pubescens intus puberulus ; limbus i. Stami io BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 127 with stalked peltate scales, the scales or their remains appearing as black warts.on the dirty grey older branches. Foliage-buds small about 3 mm. long narrowly ovoid pointed surrounded by 2 or 3 dwarfed foliage-leaves, scale-leaves few about 6, outer- most elongated triangular eciliate densely brown-lepidote out- side, inner more membranous profusely ciliate oblong obtuse cucullate ; young leaves convolute. Leaves petiolate as much as 3 cm. long; lamina thickly leathery concave downwards, oblong-elliptic or oblong-oval as much as 2.5 cm. long and 1.4 cm. broad obtuse slightly narrowed or rounded at the apex and deflexedly mucronate, margin hardly recurved, base broadly cuneate or obtuse ; upper surface plane dark green opaque with a bronze tint from the indumentum of small uniform almost contiguous peltate scales, the scales sessile with broad convex umbo filled with amber-coloured secretion and an equally broad translucent fringe, midrib grooved epilose lined by the scales, some primary veins showing faintly; under surface bright russet-brown lepidote with contiguous imbricate stalked peltate scales with broad convex umbo and equally wide fringe, all scales infiltrated with red or orange secretion, the red-tinted ones larger and projecting slightly over and equally intermixed with the others as conspicuous points, midrib conspicuous ; petiole lepidote like the stem as much as 5 mm. long. Flowers in about 6-flowered compact capituliform umbels at the end of the branchlets ; bracts more or less persistent during flowering, outermost crustaceo-coriaceous broadly ovate shortly acuminate keeled, on the back densely rufously lepidote and puberulous, inside sericeous, ciliate, intermediate rotundate about 8 mm. long and broad, innermost fertile membranous pale yellow- brown oblong cuneate or obovate somewhat truncate at apex and slightly apiculate, elepidote on back but densely puberulous, hairs of the ciliate summit often red and greasy; bracteoles filiform brown shortly adpressedly pilose and hair-crested about 7 mm. long, longer than calyx ; pedicels very short about 2 mm. long puberulous and with a few white translucent concave peltate scales. Calyx about 5 mm. long, cupular membranous 5-partite almost to the base ; cup about 0.5 mm. long glabrous or finely puberulous outside sometimes with one or two peltate scales ; lobes obovate-oblong or oblong obtuse erose pale yellowish-green glabrous inside, finely puberulous outside with a line of peltate scales along middle or elepidote, setulose-ciliate with sometimes a few peltate scales also on margin. Corolla about 1.5 cm. long deep purple-blue with a white throat produced by the profuse white hair-tufts on the staminal filaments, elepi- dote ; tube funnel-shaped about 5 mm. long pubescent outside, puberulous inside, hardly fleshy, expanded upwards into a patent 128 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. broad 5-lobed limb; disk of the limb concave narrow slightly puberulous ; lobes subequal oval rounded at apex hardly crenu- late about 8 mm. long 6 mm. broad. Stamens Io alternately long and short, longer about 1.7 cm. long exceeding corolla with red-purple anther 2 mm. long, shorter about 1.4 cm. long with anther 1.5 mm. long; filaments slightly widened down- wards, base over about 1.5 mm. naked, above that and within the tube of the corolla densely lanately and intricately villous. Disk puberulous on ridges. Gynaeceum about 2 cm. long longer than corolla and stamens; ovary ovoid about 2 mm. long grooved puberulous with short ascending hairs and with a white hair-crest at top, in upper half more or less lepidote with ramentaceous white loose peltate scales ; style red-purple pilose in lower third but only slightly expanded under the lobulate dark-purple lipped stigma. N.W. Yunnan. Kari Pass. Alt. 12,000 ft. Lat. 28° N. Open moist stony pasture. Shrub of 2-4 ft. Flowers deep purple-blue, throat white. G. Forrest. No. 13,915. June 1917. Rh. russatum is a particularly bright species from the balls of deep purple-blue flowers with white throat formed freely at the ends of the branchlets and from the intense russet-colour of the under-leaf indumentum. It is a most distinct member of the series of Lapponicum, and its place in the series is easily assigned. It belongs to the sub-series in which the under-leaf indumentum consists of contiguous or nearly so bicolorous scales—dark and light usually equally intermixed. From all the purple-flowered species of the Lapponicum series excepting Rh. dasypetalum, Balf. {. et Forrest (see p. 48) it differs in the character of the hairy outside to the corolla. Other diagnostic marks separating it from members of its sub-series are: elepi- dote corolla, leaves more or less oblong narrowed to base, style hairy longer than the 10 stamens. Its nearest ally seems to be Rh. capitatum, Maxim. from Kansu with very much narrower shorter leaves. : __ A word about the resemblance to Rh. dasypetalum the other known purple-flowered member of the Lapponicum series with corolla hairy outside. The plants are really very different and there should never be any risk of their being confused but as they have in common this pubescent outer surface to the corolla one may for the moment—as the plants are likely to be in culti- vation from Forrest’s seeds—put one’s self in the position of one who had before him a plant with this corolla-feature and wished to know which of the two it was. The following tabu- lated statement will supply distinctive marks :— ug10 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. Rh. dasypetalum., Leaves small at most 1.5 cm. long mm. broad. Leaf vgsaaneBey buff-coloured with —_unifor concolorous 129 Rh. russatum. an Leaf ee de rk ru sset- Leaves larger ee 3 cm. long d 1.4 cm. bro coloured with Livclarcne a cates a red compact umbels with pedicsts about 2 scales. oes in terminal 2-flowered mbels with pedicels about 4.5 . lon - mm. long. Bracteoles longer than pedicels calyx. Calyx-lobes green glabrous inside. mm. jong. Bracteoles much shorter than Calys-lobes purple puberulous Corolla pilose po a limb and Corolla pilose on the tube outside. of lobes o amens shorter as Stam rolla. Stamens longer than corolla. Style barely longer ‘hak ‘colle Style much longer than corolla. Rhododendron russotinctum, Balf. f. et Forrest.* Shrub 1-2.5 m. high with straight virgate twigs. Young branches densely glandular with long stalked red ovoid glands very sticky mixed with much-branched dendriform hairs with cylindric undulate and curled branches; branches a year old dark red about 3 mm. in diameter glabrescent the leaf-scales of the foliage-bud persisting for a year or two. dessin ase thin narrow sharp-pointed with few scale-leaves; outermost ovate or rounded keeled apiculate or with branched hairs outside like those of stem, margin ciliate ; ~ intermediate scales oblong-oval or oboval with a short apiculus ; innermost ligulate-spathulate yellow membranous acuminate as much as 3 cm. long 5 mm. broad glandular on back and also with branched greasy hairs, margin long-ciliate ; young leaves revolute, upper surface sparingly red-glandular and floccose, under surface densely so the hairs in two strata. Leaves ne * Rhododendron yussotinctum, Balf. f. et Forrest.—Frutex ad 2.5 m. altus utinosis glandulas rubras plurimas et pilos De Miisieaes trorum perulae apt minusve persis- na anguste oblonga 2.5 cm I = cm. longi in umbellam circ. 8-floram racemosam dis Corolla Sdacpatielata alba gl floccosi. Calyx parvus glandulosus. et sparsim maculata circ. 3.7 cm. longa intus puberula 5-loba. Stamina ro inacqualia ; Ee ewereey ta pu us puberulus. Gynaeceum cire. 3 cm. rol ius staminit ovarium dense glandulosum ; 130 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. petiolate as much as 10.5 cm. long; lamina thinly leathery narrowly oblong as much as 9.5 cm. long 2.5 cm. broa narrowed to a shortly apiculate tip, margin cartilaginous recurved, base obtuse or slightly rounded ; upper surface olive- green mat with a grooved midrib lined by withered hairs and glands, primary veins about 12 on each side hardly visible, the surface generally glabrous but with traces of the bases of juvenile hairs and glands; under surface a uniform rusty red the midrib prominent and coloured like rest of surface and very glandular (the young leaves are a yellow-green beneath) whole surface covered with a dense bistrate-indumentum of hairs, hairs of the upper stratum dendriform much-branched the stalk not stout the branches cylindric thick-walled un- dulate and curving interlocking and forming a loose canopy to the lower stratum of rosettes of short cylindric thin-walled hairs intermixed with a few red ovoid shortly-stalked glands, the upper stratum often deciduous, the surface of the indumen- tum always somewhat honeycombed, never smooth and suéde- like, never shining or agglutinate ; petiole as much as 1.5 cm. long grooved above stout wrinkled red often very dark red, glandular and floccose more or less. Inflorescence a small racemose-umbel of some 8 flowers with rhachis 8 mm. long glandular and floccose the hairs rufous; bracts and brac- teoles unknown; pedicels about 1.8 cm. long very oblique to axis of flower glandular with stalked red ovoid glands and with a few greasy short-branched floccose hairs. Calyx small very glandular cupular about 1.5 mm. long fleshy 5-lobed ; lobes deltoid about half the length of the calyx. Corolla campanulate white flushed rose with crimson spots about 3.7 cm. long somewhat fleshy posteriorly, glabrous inside and outside 5-lobed ; lobes rounded emarginate somewhat crenulate about 1.2 cm. long 1.5 cm. broad. Stamens 10 unequal shorter than corolla and §ynaeceum ; filaments widened to base and puberulous from base to above middle in the shorter Stamens. Disk puberulous. Gynaeceum about 3 cm. long a little shorter than corolla ; Ovary conoid truncate grooved about 5 mm. long densely glandular with long-stalked globose and ovoid glands ; style glabrous at the top somewhat clavate and forming a lip to the discoid lobulate stigma. . W.N.-W.-Yunnan. Mountains N. of Atuntzu. Lat. 28° 35’ N. Alt. 13,000 Te. fg Open pine forest. Shrub of 6-8 ft. Flowers white flushed rose with few markings. G. Forrest. No. 13,971A. June 1917. my _ S.E. Tibet. Tsarong. On Ka-gwr-pw, Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28° 25’ N. Alt. II,000-12,000 ft. Open pine forest and in cane brakes. Shrub of 6-9 ft. Flowers white BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. I3I faintly flushed and margined rose with crimson markings. G. Forrest. No. 14,243. July 1917. S.E. Tibet. Tsarong. On Ka-gwr-pw, Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28° 35’ N.. Alt. 13,000-14,000 ft. In Rhodo- dendron thickets. Shrub of 5-8 ft. G. Forrest. No. 14,913. Sept. 1917. This species belongs toa phylum of Rhododendron in which the pedicels, calyx, and ovary are glandular. It is distinguished at a glance by the bright rusty-red bistrate indumentum, the upper stratum of which is formed of characteristic dendriform branched curled hairs which interlock in a loose wool-like canopy and seem to be often deciduous leaving exposed the under stratum of rosette short-branched hairs. The very young leaves seem to have many glands intermixed with the hairs of the under stratum. At maturity the midrib is particularly glandular. The colour is in the young leaves a yellowish green and changes gradually to the rusty colour which is best seen on leaves in their second year. The indumentum surface here is never shining and the hairs are never agglutinate. The species is one of a group well-developed in these N.W. Yunnan regions, and finds its nearest allies in Rh. Albertseni- anum, G. Forrest and Rh. levistratum, Balf. f. et Forrest. v6 Rhododendron schizopeplum,* Balf. f. et Forrest.7 Shrub 1-4 m. high compactly branched with short stout glabrescent branches showing up to end of first year a few grey traces of juvenile floccose hairs at first reddish then becoming _ grey ultimately the bark cracking and exposing a pale buff sur- face. Foliage-bud ovoid pointed stout outer scales red thick leathery rounded and apiculate either glabrous and some- what shining outside or with traces of floccose hairs, margin floccose-ciliate. Leaves petiolate as much as 9 cm. long ; lamina leathery elliptic oblong-elliptic or oblong about 8 cm. long 3.5 recurvata, basi cordulata vel rotundata; supra a oO mediae dense floccosa caeteroquin vestigiis pilorum juvenilium notata; subtus i induta, strato supero agglutinato demum areolatim edia erubescente floccosa prominula; petiolus brevis ad 1 cm. longus glabrescens saepe coloratus. Umbella e lanato-pubescentes ; icelli breves circ. I cm, i Corolla campanulata rosea berula 5-lobata ; lobi lati breves. Stamina ta infra complanata lata villosa. H 132 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. cm. broad somewhat narrowed at the summit and there somewhat acute or sub-apiculate and ending in a horny hydathodal mucro, margin recurved, base cordulate or rounded ; upper surface dark green mat shagreened (when dry) midrib grooved the groove filled with floccose withered hairs, primary veins some 12 on each side hardly grooved, rest of surface glabrescent marked more or less with vestiges of fallen floccose hairs ; under surface glossy at first white then becoming buff or brown along the mid- rib, later dull brown all over, midrib stout prominent tinted pink and with floccose adpressed hairs, primary veins hidden by in- dumentum, indumentum bistrate of long-stalked long-branched hairs in the upper stratum their branches becoming agglutinated into a smooth white shining surface canopy over the lower stratum of sessile rosette-hairs with short vesicular branches, as leaf oldens the upper indumentum splits into areolae of irregular shape which become brown and expose the under stratum in the chinks but are not detersile ; petiole about I cm. long rarely longer, at maturity glabrescent retaining for a time some vestiges of juvenile floccose hairs, wrinkled often dark black-purple or bright red. Inflorescence a small compact umbel of some 8-10 rosy red-spotted flowers ; flower-bud globose ; outer bracts rounded crustaceous winged densely lanate pubescent outside floccose-ciliate, inner bracts obovate-spathulate about 2 cm. long 8 mm. broad submembranous with rounded apiculate summit softly silkily pubescent all over and ciliate ; bracteoles soon falling linear about 7 mm. long densely pilose: pedicels short about I cm. long glabrous. Calyx minute cupular about 1.5 mm. long glabrous; cup hardly expanded into an undulated margin. Corolla campanulate rose with deep crimson spots posteriorly about 3 cm. long glabrous outside, pubescent inside, 5-lobed ; lobes short and broad about 8 mm. long 2 cm. broad somewhat unequal the antero-lateral pair slightly the smaller, eMarginate undulate. Stamens Io-unequal much shorter than corolla, longest about 2 cm. long with anther 3.5 mm. long, “shortest 1.4 cm. long with anther 3 mm. long ; filament flattened and broad at base, prominently villous from base through half the length in shorter ones much less so in longer ones. Disk conspicuous puberulous. Gynaeceum short about 2 cm. long about equalling longest stamens ; ovary conoid truncate about 3-5 mm. long dark purple (when dry) glabrous; style stout glabrous not clavate at top but flattened into a disk which forms a lip to the discoid lobulate stigma. W.N. Yunnan. Mountains north of Atuntzu. Lat. 28° 35. N. Alt. 14,000 ft. Open rocky situations. Shrub of 3-4 ft. Flowers deep rose with crimson markings. G. Forrest. No. 14,094. June 1gI7. 3952 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 133 Yunnan. On the Li-ti-ping. Lat. 27° 12' N. Alt. 12,000 ft. In open thickets. Shrub of 4-8 ft. Flowers faintly flushed rose exterior hem deep crimson markings. G. Forrest. No. 14,053. June Yunnan. Mekone: -Salween divide. Lat. 28° 12’ N. Alt. 13,000 ft. Open situations on margins of forests. Shrub of 4-6 ft. Flowers deep rose a deep crimson markings. G. Forrest. No. 14,119. July Another member of the nas Which centres in Rh. taliense, Franch. It has many characters by which it can be recognised. Of these an easily observed one is the indumentum on the under surface of the typically elliptic to oblong leaves with cordulate ase. It is bistrate and the hairs of the upper stratum are always agglutinated forming a white shining smooth surface- canopy over the underlying hair-layer. As the leaf oldens the indumentum cracks and dries but does not fall or peel off. At the same time the indumentum becomes brown always at first on each side of the prominent pink midrib. Subsequently it may become brown all over. This feature recalls the condition of the indumentum as it has been described in Rh. favorufum, Balf. f. et Forrest, where the splitting is much more marked. Rh. flavorufum is without question an ally of Rh. schizopeplum but is easily, distinguished by its young yellow under-leaf indu- mentum which becomes dark red on older leaves and not only splits but scales off in patches. Rhododendron sclerocladum,* Balf. f. et Forrest.7 A shrub barely 1 m. high with hard rigid erect branches. Branchlets of ‘ae year about I mm. in diameter furfuraceously * oxhnods, Ti allusion to the rigid branch-habit i” Forrest. —Frutex rigidus circ. Im. id t Rhododendron piesnarierre Balf. f. et ; Gye eae 6 mm. eave ee i vel late obtusa mucro- abra nunc basi ciliata, basi nulata mucrone dncncvel to, ma : Sipe ee oviridis opaca squamis uniformibus tiaeaeiee lco puberulo ; infra plus minusve albidi bus lepidota, costa media sulcata sulco pu s sessilibus lepi mis: bicoloribus (fuscis et pallidis) neato vel fulva et rufo- punctulate — ‘ss ag me mm. longus supra sulcatus “ibique pu cis. ores in umbellas circ. 4-floras Fae dispositi ; bracteolae subclavatae ciliatae extus lepidotae pedicellis longiores ; iesinnee circ. 4 mm. longi plus minusve lepidoti. Calyx cupularis circ. 6.5 m lon 5-partitus ; cupula extus lepidota; lobi sub- aequales virides vel rosei oblongi obtusi intus glabri extus lepidoti aides ciliati. Corolla purpureo-rosea zygomorpha circ. I =: cm. lo seme extus epilosa lepidota 5-loba ; tubus late infundibuliformis circ. 5 m d os minute puberulus ; lobi inaequales postici circ. 7 mm. ongi 8 mm . lati pa breviores. Stamina To corollam subaequantia alternatim longiora et breviora ; ; filamenta intra tubum 134 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. lepidote with shortly stalked membranous concave peltate scales, epilose, indumentum of twigs a year old dark-brown, blackening on older dark-grey branches. Scale-leaves of the foliage-buds few outer broadly cordate or rounded inner obovate membranous straw-coloured truncate at apex, inside sericeous, outside sparingly lepidote at top, ciliate ; young leaves convolute densely lepidote on both sides, puberulous on midrib towards base, ciliate; petiole lepidote grooved puberulous in the groove. Leaves petiolate as much as 1.5 cm. long; lamina thickly coriaceous oblong-oval or obovate as much as 1.4 cm. long 6 mm. broad rounded or obtuse at apex recurved mucronulate, margin carti- laginous recurved obscurely undulate or crenate glabrous some- times ciliate at base, base obtuse or broadly cuneate ; upper surface dark-green usually opaque lepidote with discontiguous uniform white drying sessile scales with broad convex umbo and equally broad translucent fringe, midrib grooved groove puberulous towards base ; under surface rufescent and blotched or somewhat punctulate lepidote with contiguous imbricate stalked bicoloured intermixed and somewhat irregularly distri- buted peltate scales (the stalks sunk in pits), some with the broad umbo infiltrated with scintillating bright red secretion the fringe equally broad and tinted, others orange or paler tinted, midrib prominent less lepidote ; petiole lepidote like the young stem, grooved above and there puberulous about 1 mm. long. Flowers in terminal umbels of about 4 flowers; bracts falling off at flowering, unknown; bracteoles more persistent pale brown membranous linear-clavate ciliate lepidote on back at the clavate end, hair-crested about 7 mm. long longer than pedicels hardly as long as calyx ; pedicels about 4 mm. long dark-purple more or less lepidote with large seal-like whitish peltate scales. Calyx cupular about 6.5 mm. long 5-partite ; cup about 0.5 mm. long densely lepidote outside; lobes subequal membranous greenish or yellowish or pink oblong obtuse truncate or rounded at apex glabrous inside, lepidote along the middle of back, margin and summit fringed more or less and lanately ciliate. Corolla purple-rose zygomorphous somewhat lipped about 1.8 cm. long epilose outside and lepidote ; tube widely funnel-shaped about 5 mm. long finely puberulous at throat expanding into a 5-lobed somewhat erect concave limb; lobes unequal oblong- ovate lobulate with a rounded top lepidote along the midrib with many large seal-like peltate scales, posterior shortest about 7 mm. long and 8 mm. broad, anterb-lateral as much as g mm. long. Stamens ro about same length as corolla alter- corollinum villosa. Discus puberulus. Gynaeceum circ. 2.1 cm. longum corolla staminibusque multo longius ; ovarium conoideo-truncatum circ. 2.5 mm. 2 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 135 nately long and short, longest about 1.7 cm. long with ovoid anther 1.5 mm. long; filaments at slightly widened base naked over about 1.5 mm., above base villous within corolla-tube. Disk puberulous below ovary. Gynaeceum about 2.1 cm. long much peltate membranous stalked scales, epilose ; style purple-red puberulous at base not expanding below the lobulate discoid narrow lipped stigma. .N.W. Yunnan. Mountains of the Chungtien plateau. Open rocky pasture and on the margins of pine forests. Alt. 11,000 ft. Lat. 27° 30’ N. Shrub of 3-4 ft. Flowers purplish rose. G. Forrest. No. 12,665. July 1914. Rh. sclerocladum is one of the Lapponicum series and belongs to that set of them in which the under-leaf indumentum is com- posed of contiguous bicoloured scales—dark and pale—about equally intermixed. As the leaves olden here the number of the dark-coloured scales increases and the surface may acquire a rufescent nearly uniform aspect. The intermixture of scales —dark and pale-coloured—is not so uniform as in other species of the set and the under surface of the leaf may be described as somewhat blotched. The species to which Rh. sclerocladum seems to be nearest is Rh. rupicolum, W. W. Sm., from which the colour as well as the very marked zygomorphy of the corolla at once distinguish it. It is moreover a plant of different habit— a stiff erect scrub plant with hard woody branches with a tend- ency to elongate its subfloral buds into vegetative shoots before flowering is over and thus to conceal the flowers. OO cacdeuiicon serpens, Balf. f. et Forrest.* A woody creeping undershrub rising a few centimetres above the soil rooting freely from the stems, the stems glabrous fairly stout as much as 4 mm. in diameter when a year old clad more Suffrutex | ili * Rhododendron serpens, Balf. f. et Forrest. 2: ns Rami glabri alabastrorum perulis extimis persistentibus plus minusve vestiti. Folia ad 5.5 cm. longa; lamina crasse coriace a extus intusque glabra 5-loba ; aeceoque breviora ; filamenta puberula us. brevius ; Ovarium ideum pilis fasciatis tomentosum, eglandulosum ; stylus glaber. emaculata circ. 3 cm. long 136 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. or less with the persistent outer scale-leaves of the foliage-buds showing very short annual growths producing about 5 foliage leaves at the top. Outer scale-leaves of foliage-bud ovate acute or shortly acuminate keeled somewhat crustaceous puberulous outside, sericeous at the top inside, margin fringed with branched brownish hairs more numerous at the tip; inner scale-leaves yellowish more membranous ligulate-spathulate with adpressed hairs inside and outside, hair-fringed. Leaves petiolate as much as 5.5 cm. long often less; lamina thickly leathery oval or oblong-oval as much as 5 cm. long 2.5 cm. broad often less, obtuse and ending in a prominent tuberculate dark red mucro, margin cartilaginous slightly revolute, base obtuse and prolonged down- wards as a narrow wing on each side of the petiole ; upper surface olive-green mat, the midrib primary veins (some 10 on each side) and ultimate venation grooved making a finely areolate or some- what shagreened surface, which is apparently glabrous but marked by vestiges of fallen glands and branched brownish hairs the groove of the midrib lined with hairs particularly at the base ; beneath with a paler green epidermal surface veiled by a thin layer of floccose much-branched hairs most abundant on the veins but not confined to them, many small red glands accom- pany the hairs, midrib prominently raised and floccose and glandular, the veins and ultimate venation reddened and con- spicuous but not raised, the indumentum sometimes falling off ; petiole about 5 mm. long grooved above glabrescent but with some floccose brown hairs or their vestiges. Flowers in a 2-flowered terminal umbel ; outer bracts unknown : inner bracts persistent during flowering, yellowish tinted red forming a group around the pedicels, largest about 2 cm. long nearly 1 cm. broad broadly spathulate rounded at top and slightly mucronulate, at the top inside and outside (more sparingly) sericeous with white hairs, ciliate; bracteoles unknown - pedicels unequal as much as 1.3 cm. long strict erect glabrous. Calyx small fleshy saucer-shaped about 1.5 mm. long with 5 rounded lobes often yellow quite glabrous outside faintly ciliate. Corolla tubular campanulate about 3 cm. long deep rose-coloured unspotted slightly 5-gibbous, glabrous inside and outside, 5-lobed ; lobes rounded emarginate 1 cm. long 1.5 cm. broad. Stamens 10 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 137 expanding’ slightly to form a lip below the discoid lobulate stigma ma. S.E. Tibet. Tsarong. On the northern slopes of Ka-gwr-pw, Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28° 40’ N. Alt. 14,000 ft. Open rocky pasture. Prostrate shrub of 2-6 inches. Flowers pale rose without markings. G. Forrest. No. 16,698. July 1918. S.E. Tibet. Tsarong. On Doker-la, Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28° 25’ N. Alt. 14,000-15,000 ft. Open moist alpine meadows. Creeping shrub of 2-3 inches. Flowers deep rose without markings. G. Forrest. No. 16,700. July 1918. Another beautiful species of the Forrestii series and allied to Rh. erastum, Balf. f. et Forrest, but easily distinguished by | with thin hai ll ove corolla glabrous inside without imperfect septa, eglandular ovary. See p. 60. US) Rhododendron setiferum, Balf.f. et Forrest.* . A shrub 3 m. high with straight spreading branches as much as 3 mm. in diameter when a year old, dark red-purple clad more or less densely with glandular setae mixed with shorter glands and some floccose hairs; older branches warted with recurving, densely ‘glandular an persisting often for over a year; innermost scale-leaves branous ligulate-spathulate acute or acuminate about 2.5 cm. long 4 mm. broad more or less puberulous outside and inside, ciliate ; young leaves in the bud revolute glandular and floccose on both surfaces. Leaves petiolate as much as 9 cm. long; lamina leathery oblong about 7.5 cm. long 2.5 cm. broad slightly narrowed at the somewhat beaked apex ending in a spicular red-tipped hydathode about 1 mm. long, margin carti- * Rhododendron setiferum, Balf. f. et Forrest.—Frut x ad 3 m. altus ramulis glanduloso-setulosis ; abastrorum perulae exterlores cau atae, in membranaceae oblongo-spathulatae. Folia petiolata ad 9 cm. longa ; lamina coriacea oblonga circ. 7.5 cm. longa 2.5 cm. lata apiculata, margine paullo recurva, basi truncatula vel subrotundata ; supra olivacea glabrescens floccorum et glandu- larum juvenilium vestigiis vestita ; subtus ful : Pp : supero floccoso et infero glanduloso aedificato induta et costa media venisque primariis rubris notata; petiolus ad 1.5 cm. longus glanduloso-setulosus ruber. Flores in umbellam ad 10-floram dispositi ; bracteae dense mem- bracteolae ceae ; ; lobi rotundati lati. Stamina Io inaequalia corolla gynaeceoque breviora ; amenta puberula. Discus Puberulus. Gynaeceum corolla paullo brevius ; ovarium conoideum truncatum dense glanduloso-setulosum ; stylus basi puberulus. 138 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. laginous reflexed obscurely undulate, base trunculate or rounded ; upper surface olive-brown glabrescent somewhat shagreened (when dry), but with withered remains of juvenile floccose hairs particularly in groove of midrib, primary veins hardly visible about 14 on each side; under surface dark buff-coloured with a reddened especially at base much elevated midrib and bright red primary veins hardly raised, the whole covered with a very thin indumentum of loose much-branched flock-like greasy rufous-brown hairs the branches interwoven, intermixed with red clavate short-stalked glands, the midrib less floccose : petiole dark red grooved gland-setulose and floccose as much as I. 5 cm. long. Inflorescence an umbel of about 10 flowers the axis densely floccose; the outermost small crustaceous rounded bracts followed by several tailed ones with glandular outer surface, the inner ones obovate or ovate or oblong cucullate rounded at apex and apiculate about 1.5 cm. long densely seri- ceous outside and inside more or less persistent during flowering ; bracteoles very small about 7 mm. long filiform pilose throughout eglandular ; pedicels as much as 2 cm. long glandular with stalked red ovoid glands and with a few floccose hairs. Calyx somewhat foliaceous red about 1 cm. long ; basal cup 3 mm. long with 5 unequal membranous ligulate lobes rounded at top, the two postero-lateral about 7 mm. long and 3 mm. broad double the length of the others, glandular outside, floccose-ciliate and glandular-ciliate. Corolla funnel-shaped creamy-white crimson- lined at base inside about 3.5 cm. long, glabrous outside, puberu- lous inside 5-lobed ; lobes rounded about 1.8 cm. long 2.2 cm. broad. Stamens 10 unequal shorter than corolla and gynaeceum, longest about 3 cm. long with oblong anther about 3 mm. long, shortest about 1.8 cm. long with anther 2. 5 mm. long ; filaments slightly broadened to base and from the base puberulous, in shortest stamens to beyond middle in longest to a shorter dis- tance. Disk puberulous. Gynaeceum about 3.2 cm. long slightly shorter than corolla ; ovary about 3 mm. long, conoid truncate grooved densely setulose-glandular : style puberulous at base nay expanded and forming a lip below the discoid lobulate _ stigma. W.N.W. Yunnan. Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28° 20’ N. Alt. 12,000-13,000 ft. In open thickets and pine forests. Shrub of 5-9 ft. Flowers creamy white, lined crimson at base. G. Forrest. No. 14,066. June IQI7. : A species which seems to have more characters connecting it with the Selense series than with other series. Its chief difference from that series is the under-leaf indumentum which _ With its long branched rufous floccose hairs forms a distinct __ dayer over the underlying glands and then it has a large distinct BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 139 membranous calyx and a style puberulous at the base. The calyx-character takes it more to the Souliei section as does the leaf-form but then in the Souliei series there is a stead style. Rhododendron stictophyllum,* Balf. f.+ A dwarf small-leaved shrub with very many thin short curved branches intricately intermingled. Branches a year old about I mm. in diameter epilose completely enclosed by a lepidote indumentum, the scales large closely pressed wee one another to form a rough pitted surface each with a broad umbo and equally broad fringe, some of them dark red sere infiltration by dark red secretion, others pale green with at most a yellow annulus, all blackening on the branches as these olden giving them a warted surface. Foliage-buds ovoid minute covered by few scale-leaves ; outermost scale-leaves crustaceous linear ob- tuse about 2 mm. long epilose rufously lepidote ; intermediate broadly ovate with thinner white ciliate margin rufous-lepidote outside silky towards the top inside ; innermost pair convolute membranaceous cucullate straw- coloured about 3 mm. long Leaves petiolate as much as I cm. long, leathery oblong-oval about 8 mm. long 3 mm. broad slightly OTLHTO*, S —in allusion to the under lent-surtace. pott T Rhododendron sic hylan, Balf. f i ivisi Ramuli annotini circ. 1 mm. diam. Squamis (costa media apr hgh oom squamis peltatis bicoloratis (fuscis et pallidioribus) ontiguis nunc hic et illic paullo discontiguis vestita ; Flores 1~2 2ad apicem exteri lepidotae et puberulae ciliatae intus sericeae, in em oblongae circ. 5 mm. longae 4 mm. latae cucullatae truncatae et emargina vertice lanato-ciliatae extus lepido otae et pu ae. Calyx minutus carnosulus i i lobi 5 minutissim1 0.5 m dentiformes vel rotund Corolla violacea ? cir onga extus sparsim lepidota ep : a ulatus circ. 2 longus fauce puberulo in limbum patentem 5-lobatum ampliatus ; lobi rotundati coat circ. 5 mm. longiora et i na 1o corolla breviora inaeq alternatim long longi 4 mm. lati. neers. cylindrico-conoi aoa truncatum sulcatum purpureus glaber. Capsula pallide brunnea extus lepidota oblonga circ. 4 mm. longa 1. 75 mm. lata. 140 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. narrowed towards the obtuse or somewhat rounded apex occa- sionally narrowed to both ends and somewhat lanceolate obscurely mucronulate, margin recurved obscurely notched, base obtuse ; upper surface dark green usually opaque in dry state as if contiguously pitted each pit occupied by a more or less dried-up peltate scale, the scales adpressed with a broad umbo uncoloured or infiltrated with orange-coloured secretion and then scintillating and an equally broad translucent. whitish fringe, midrib invisible or slightly grooved at the base; under surface tawny clothed with an indumentum of contiguous or here and there slightly discontiguous bicolorous scales equally mixed, some scintillating with the umbo. and fringe rufous projecting above the others which have a yellow annulus and uncoloured fringe, midrib slightly elevated; petiole about 2 mm. long lepidote like the young stem. Flowers 1-2 almost sessile at end of twigs; bracts few more or less persistent at flowering, outer crustaceous broadly rounded membranously winged apiculate pale brown rufously lepidote outside, puberulous on the wing, ciliate, silky within, innermost membranaceous chestnut-brown oblong about 5 mm. long 4 mm. broad hooded truncate and emarginate lanately ciliate, at top lepidote and puberulous outside, silky inside towards top; pedicel hardly half a millimetre long densely lepidote. Calyx minute fleshy barely 0.5 mm. long cupular epilose densely rufously lepidote ; lobes 5 most minute as dentiform or rounded most densely lepi- dote projections on margin of the cup. Corolla violet-coloured subrotate about 8 mm. long outside epilose sparingly lepidote ; tube campanulate about 2 mm. long, the throat puberulous spreading into an open 5-lobed limb; lobes rounded undulate about 5 mm. ong 4 mm. broad. Stamens ro unequal alter- nately long and short shorter than corolla, longer about 6 mm. long with purple anther about 1 mm. long ; filaments slightly widened downwards, naked base about 1 mm. long, above and within the corolla-tube puberulous. Disk puberulous below the ovary. Gynaeceum about 1 cm. long longer than corolla and stamens ; Ovary about 2 mm. long cylindrico-conoid truncate grooved densely lepidote with yellowing scales - style purple glabrous expanded ‘under the discoid lobulate stigma. Capsule pale brown lepidote oblong 4 mm. long 1.75 mm. in diameter dehiscing from apex to base by 5 valves. W. Szechwan. Principality of Batang. Yaragong. High mountains. Soulié, No. 3303. June 1903. In Herb. Paris. Another new species of the Lapponicum series from the high mountain regions in the west of Szechwan bordering on Tibet Yaragong is in lat. 29° 30’ long. 99° 20’. It is one of the set of species in which the under-leaf indumentum shows con- BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. I4I spicuously a nearly equal distribution of dark scintillating rufous contiguous scales and paler-coloured ones, the former projecting beyond and more or less overarching the latter where they touch and thus giving a bistrate character to the whole covering. Other distinguishing marks of the species are : most minute fleshy epilose lepidote calyx, violet-coloured corolla lepidote outside with campanulate tube puberulous inside, stamens shorter than corolla puberulous near base, disk puberulous, ovary epilose, style glabrous longer than corolla. Its lepidote corolla distinguishes it at once from most of the species with purple-tinted flowers in the set. Rh. achroanthum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm. and Rh. rupicolum, W. W. Sm. alone have the character and they are very different species. Rh. capitatum, Maxim. and Rh. violaceum, Rehd. et Wils. are the only other West Chinese species with purple-tinted flowers of the set and the former is distinguished by its virgate habit, flower trusses, pilose calyx and style ; the latter by its habit never producing the intricate ultimate branchlets of Rh. stictophyllum, ciliate calyx, funnel-shaped corolla with longer tube villous at the throat, longer corolla-lobes and other minor marks. Of the set of species in the Lapponicum series which have the under-leaf indumentum punctulate with dark rufous scales few in number compared with the paler scales no one can be mistaken for Rh. stictophyllum. The forms of this set which have lepidote corolla all have a sparsely punctulate under-leaf indumentum and their habit except in the case of Rh. telmaterum, Balf. f. et W. W. Sm. is different. In addition to the dis- tinguishing character of absence of scales from the outside of the corolla the other species of this set may be separated from Rh. stictophyllum thus :— Rh. alpicolum, Rehd. et Wils. has a hairy style shorter than the stamens: in the var. strictum, Rehd. et Wils. the style is glabrous but it is still shorter than the stamens. : Rh. thymifolium, Max. has the style also shorter than the stamens and has a virgate habit, and a very different under-leaf indumentum—grey and shining. Rh. nigropunctatum, Bur. et Franch. 1s described as a plant of a few inches high densely branched from the base with virgate branches above, the ovate-lanceolate leaves very shortly stalked, flowers solitary, calyx campanulate with lanceolate deltoid subacute lobes, corolla shortly tubular. It was obtained in 1890 by Bonvalot and Prince Henri d’Orleans somewhere between Lhasa and Batang. I have not seen it but I cannot bring the species described here as Rh. stictophyllum within the description given by Bureau and Franchet of their species. The presence of peltate scales on the margin of the calyx-lobes in Teva 142 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. Rh. mgropunctatum to which Franchet (in 1891) drew particular attention as a unique character is now known in several other species discovered since. Rhododendron syncollum,* Balf. f. et Forrest.+ shrub as much as 3m. high with medium-thick straight branchlets. Young branches densely floccose and glandular ; ranches a year old about 3.5 mm. in diameter red glabrescent but with vestiges of the early flocks and glands; older branches quite glabrous glossy. Foliage-buds elongated fusiform pointed ; outer scale-leaves crustaceous reddened outside rounded about 9 mm. long keeled shortly apiculate at the rounded summit, more or less tomentose-floccose outside, inside silky at the top, margin floccose-ciliate densely tomentose around the apiculus ; inner scale-leaves membranous yellow with darker middle line ligulate-spathulate about 3 cm. long 8 mm. broad obtuse or rounded with an apiculus, outer surface crumbling, inside with simple hairs towards the top, margin floccose-ciliate ; young foliage-leaves in bud revolute on both sides densely floccose and glandular with globose or ovoid red or orange shortly-stalked glands, petiole clad like the lamina. Leaves petiolate as much as Io cm. long; lamina leathery lanceolate or oblong-lanceo- late as much as 9 cm. long 3.5 cm. broad somewhat beaked at apex with a prominent hydathodal mucro, margin cartilaginous plane or slightly recurved, base obtuse ; upper surface dark §reen somewhat opaque shagreened ‘not rugulose glabrescent but with traces of juvenile glands and hairs, midrib grooved trorum perulae extimae rotundatae apiculatae extus rubescentes et plus minusve floccosi ciliati, intimae ligulatae-spathulatae flavidae ; folia juvenilia utrinque cum petiolo dense glandulosa et floccosa. a petiolata ad 10 cI longa ; lamina coriacea lanceolata vel oblongo-lanceolata ad 9 cm. longa 3.5 cm lata subrostrata, margine a, io ; supra atroviridis opaca haud igulosa glabrescens vestigiis glandul lorum a; fo- cinmnamomea laevis ns nune i Puberulus ; lobi lati ad 1 cm. longi 2.3 cm. lati paullo undulati et crenulati. _ Stamina to inaequalia corolla staminibusque breviora ; filamenta villosa. Discus ceum circ. 2.6 cm. longum corolla brevius ; ovarium circ. 3.5 mm. BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 143 lined with black-red vestiges of glands and a few hairs, primary veins some 12 on each side very inconspicuous; under surface red-cinnamon-brown sometimes. when young pale grey-buff- coloured smooth shining with black-red or paler red patches here and there specially well seen on the paler-surfaced leaves, covered by a complete thin persistent somewhat crustaceous pellicle of bistrate indumentum composed of hairs with long thick stalks and long vesicular branches spreading horizontally and agglutinate as an upper stratum and rosette-hairs on short stalks with short vesicular branches as an under stratum, many of them are reddened by a secretion which exudes and forms crusty black-red blotches large and small over the surface em- bedding the hairs, sometimes there is an indication of splitting of the pellicle, midrib prominent clad like the rest of the surface, rest-of venation concealed by the indumentum, the whole indu- mentum penetrated by the mycelium of fungus ; petiole about I cm. long stout glabrescent like the stems. Flowers in a ter- minal racemose umbel about 15-flowered with a short rhachis about 1 cm. long floccose and glandular; flower-bud globose ; outer sterile bracts like the outer scale-leaves of vegetative bud but with tails; inner bracts persistent during flowering soft obovate spathulate rounded at top and shortly mucronulate densely silky with white hairs on both sides, towards top out- side glabrous, about 2 cm. long 8 mm. broad ; bracteoles shorter than pedicels about 7 mm. long thin filiform pilose from base and white hair-crested ; pedicels about 2 cm. long floccose and sparingly glandular. Calyx minute a fleshy cup with 5 indistinct semi-lunate or slightly pointed lobes more or less glandular and floccose. Corolla campanulate washed rose deepest on margins with small crimson spots posteriorly, about 4 cm. long ; tube wide somewhat fleshy at base and there faintly 5-gibbose the gibbosities darker coloured, glabrous outside, densely puberulous inside ; limb open spreading 5-lobed ; lobes broad about 1 cm. long 2.3 cm. broad slightly undulate and crenulate. Stamens IO unequal much shorter than corolla and gynaeceum, longest about 2.3 cm. long with anther 3 mm. long, shortest about 1.5 em. long with anther 2 mm. long; filaments widened to base, from base upwards through one-half or more of length densely villous. Disk glabrous. Gynaeceum about 2.6 cm. long shorter than corolla; ovary about 3.5 mm. long cylindric-conoid truncate grooved glabrous with surface finely papillate ; style stout glabrous clavate below the lobulate discoid stigma. W.N.-W.-Yunnan. Mountains north of Atuntzu. Lat. 28° 35’ N. Alt. 13,000 ft. In open forest. Shrub of to ft. Flowers washed rose deepest on margins with crimson markings. G. Forrest. No. 14,035. June 1917. 144 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. W.N.-W.-Yunnan. Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28° 10’ N. Alt. 11,000 ft. Open rhododendron forest. Shrub of 6-10 ft. Flowers flushed pale rose with crimson markings. G. Forrest. No. 14,105. July 1917. S.E. Tibet. Tsarong. On Ka-gwr-pw, Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28° 35’ N. Alt. 13,000 ft. In open thickets and cane brakes. Shrub of 4-5 ft. Foliage only. G. Forrest. No. 14,939. Sept. 1917. W.N.-W.-Yunnan. Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 27° 40’ N. Alt. 13,000 ft. In rhododendron forest. Shrub of 6-10 ft. Foliage only. G. Forrest. No. 14,959. Sept. 1917. On the Mekong-Salween divide this species represents Rh. phaeochrysum, Balf.f. et W. W. Sm. of the more eastern region of the Yangtze and the Chungtien Plateau in E.N.-W.-Yunnan. Rh. syncollum is easily diagnosed from its ally by its smaller leaves red-cinnamon-brown below, the more agglutinate and more shiny appearance of the under-leaf indumentum, by the shorter foliage-buds and the rounded not ovate outer scale-leaves and the smaller number of the inner scale-leaves, by the young leaves densely glandular above and below, the glandular pedicels and° calyx. The two species show an interesting contrast in the way the young leaves of the foliage-bud are protected. Rh. phaeo- chrysum has the young leaves characteristically revolute in bud and they have a small number of floccose hairs over both surfaces. Enveloping them are the inner scale-leaves of the bud several in number each of the innermost ones forming a hood of its upper half or third and so investing the young leaves at the danger point of their tip, the lower part of the scale-leaf being narrow almost petiole-like and occupying therefore less space within the basal part of the leaf-bud where the outer thick scale-leaves give an adequate protection. In Rh. syncollwm the revolute leaves have each of them a dense glandular covering both above and below, the glands being mixed with floccose hairs. Having this protection a smaller number of the inner scale-leaves suffices as an outside covering and these do not form so hooded an investment around the leaf-tips. In this case the protection rests mainly on gland-secretion, in Rh. phaeo- chrysum upon layers of leaf-scales. An interesting chapter might be written of such contrasts in other species of Rhodo- dendron—and indeed in species of other genera also—as they occur in the mountainous region of N.W. Yunnan and adjacent Burma and Tibet for the edaphic and epedaphic conditions are varied and change rapidly within a limited area stamping their impress upon the vegetation in the development within phyla of forms which diverge often only slightly yet sufficiently to claim specific rank. BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 145 The under-leaf indumentum here as in so many species possess- ing such a covering formed of hairs is penetrated in all directions by the mycelium of a fungus. In species which have the hairs of the indumentum agglutinated for instance Rh. Clementinae, G. Forrest, Rh. aganniphum, Balf. f. et Ward, the fungus-threads are so many they conceal the form of the hairs through which they spread. In members of the Sanguineum series the fungus- threads are dark brown in colour and become so numerous as to change the colour of the indumentum layer from a bright grey to almost black. The mycelium may be traced passing into the interior of the cells of the leaf without deforming them in cases which I have examined and the whole manner of occurrence of it raises the question for what purpose is it there? Is this a case of ordinary parasitism of fungus upon host or is there commensalism? Of all families of Dicotylous plants the Ericaceae is one of the most commensal. Not only is there the endotrophic relation of fungus in the root but as has been so happily shown by Miss Rayner * the fungus may penetrate the whole body of the plant and entering the seed so ensure its presence as an adjuvant to the young plantlet from the out- set of its extra-seminal life. The elements of construction in the leaves of so many of these rhododendrons suggest that an investigation from the standpoint of a possible commensalism may give interesting results. What the fungus is I do not know. The form of the mycelium is different in the leaves of different species of Rhododendron. There are fungi on the leaves and elsewhere in rhododendrons which are clearly simple parasites deforming the tissues and producing conidia and spore-fructifi- cations on the surface of the organ attacked, and they seem dif- ferent from those to which I refer as traversing by their mycelium the indumentum, wefting together its hairs, and sometimes through the abundance of their threads making difficult the recognition of the exact hair-form of the indumentum. If the mycelium is not present on all leaves, as seems to be the case, that is no valid objection to the idea of commensalism where it is present. We know that mycorhiza may develop in any plant if the conditions call for it, we know also that in individual plants some roots may become mycorhiza others adjacent showing no relation to the fungus, and therefore should there be here a mycophyllon its occurrence may be as sporadic as is that of mycorhiza. . * Miss Rayner in Annals of Botany, xxix (1915). 4375 146 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. Rhododendron temenium,* Balf. f. et Forrest. Small shrub about 1 m. high with stiff erect branches bearing terminal rosettes of 5~7 leaves which persist for two ears their position on older branches marked by nodulose swellings at intervals along the branch, the swellings being formed by the clustered nodes of the foliage-leaves at the end of the branches. Branches of the year about 2 mm. in diameter dark purple-red densely clad with reddish brown bristle-like hairs covering a lower stratum of fewer scattered short-branched whitish or reddish floccose hairs,. branches a year old about 3 mm. in diameter greyish with blackened vestiges of the juvenile bristles and flocks, older branches soon decorticating. Outer scale-leaves of foliage-bud hard crustaceous rounded or elliptic or oblong-elliptic as much as 6 mm. long truncate apiculate falling as bud opens, inner ones ligulate-spathulate membranous blunt carried up on elongating shoot but soon falling leaving shoot leafless below the end-rosette, all floccosely puberulous outside, sericeous inside towards apex, margin ciliate with twisted branched floccose hairs ; foliage-leaves in bud revolute floccosely pubescent on both surfaces more densely on under surface. Leaves petiolate as much as 6.5 cm. long clustered in a pseudo-whorl at the end of each year’s growth ; lamina thinly leathery oblong or oblong-oval sometimes narrowly oboval 6 cm. long 2 cm. broad, often less 3 cm. by 1 cm., rounded at apex and conspicuously mucronulate, margin cartilaginous floccosely ciliate at first then eciliate and slightly notched, base obtuse or slightly rounded ; upper surface dark green glabrous but for the floccose vestiges in the grooved midrib, primary veins about 8 on each side ascending sharply from midrib hardly visible ; under surface paler tawny (in dried specimens) with very promi- nent red-tinted midrib and slightly raised similarly tinted filamenta glabra. Gynaeceum corolla paullo longius; ovarium floccis rufis ulisque intermixtis dense vestitum ; stylus glaber in discum latum sub BALFoUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. 147 primary veins, ultimate venation a close network, midrib and veins showing more or less detersile floccose hairs sometimes glabrous, rest of surface papillate ; petiole about 5 mm. long setulose and floccose more or less. Flowers in solitary terminal 4-flowered umbels; bracts and bracteoles not seen ; pedicels about 1.5 cm. long stiff erect reddish-brown clad with fasciate seta-like red-brown hairs with a lower stratum of short branched floccose hairs, anthopode large. Calyx cup-shaped red about I cm. long glabrous outside and inside, slightly fleshy ; cup somewhat open about 5 mm. long; lobes subequal irregular in shape broadly deltoid or subelliptic or oblong or ovate or rounded about 5 mm. long ciliate with short fasciate hairs, often reflexing as flower withers. Corolla deep crimson without blotch or spots about*3 cm. long tubular-campanulate fleshy glabrous outside and inside not gibbous at base 5-lobed; lobes rounded about I cm. long a little broader. Stamens 10 unequal shorter than corolla, longest about 2.5 cm. long with anther 1.75 mm. long, shortest about 1.5 cm. long with anther 1.25 mm. long ; filaments slightly widened to base glabrous; anthers brown. Disk red lobulate glabrous. Gynaeceum about 3.3 cm. long longer than corolla; ovary about 5.5 mm. long ovoid truncate grooved densely tomentose with red-brown floccose hairs mixed with some stalked red clavate glands ; style glabrous stout expanding at top to form a broad disk-plate Within the margin of which stand erect 5 dark-coloured lobes of the stigma. S.E. Tibet. Tsarong. On Ka-gwr-pw, Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28° 25’ N. Alt. 14,000 ft. On open moorland. Shrub of 2-3 ft. Flowers deep crimson. G. Forrest. No. 14,364. July 1917. Open moorland and on cliffs. Alt. 14,000-14,500 ft. G. Forrest. No. 14,365. July 1917. A distinct species recalling in its habit plants like Rh. brachy- anthum and it has also the same kind of calyx. But its corolla, stamens and gynaeceum are altogether different, taking one to the vicinity of Rh. neriiflorum and I think that 1s probably the phylum to which it belongs. The falling tomentum retaining its last hold on the veins and midrib recalls forms like KA, The same construction is found in Kh. Martinianum, Balf. {. et Forrest, a Mekong-Salween species of the Souliei series. : 148 BALFOUR—NEW SPECIES OF RHODODENDRON. The flower material for examination is not good and some modification of the description may be required when better flowers are known. The plant is apparently most floriferous. It should be hardy coming from 14,000 ft. in the Tsarong, and Forrest’s description of the flowers as crimson raises expecta tions of a species of horticultural value. Rhododendron thyodocum,* Balf. f. et Cooper. A dwarf shrub about 1 m. high loosely branched some- times virgate. Branches of the year about 1 mm. in diameter lepidote with brown scales, older ones grey more or less warted by the old scales. Scale-leaves of the small oblong foliage- buds brown-lepidote; young leaves convolute. Leaves dis- tinctly petiolate as much as 4.5 cm. long; lamina leathery oblong or elliptic-oblong as much as 3.5 cm. long 2 cm. broad, apex rounded mucronulate, margin somewhat cartilaginous slightly recurved ; obtuse at base: upper surface opaque ver dark green when young covered by contiguous superficial peltate scales composed of a broad umbo infiltrated with yellow secre- tion and a white broad fringe, at maturity desquamated or coated with the dry dirty-grey vestiges of the scales, midrib grooved, the primary veins concealed ; under surface traversed by a raised midrib and lepidote with a compact smooth indumentum of con- tiguous biform peltate scales, when young the surface is yellowish green most of the scales being short pale green with a concolorous * @vodexoc, odorous—in allusion to the odour of the leaves. | Rhododendron thyodocum, Balf. f. et Cooper.—Frutex ad 1 m. altus laxe famosus nonnunquam virgatus. Ramuli hornotini circ. 1 mm. lati brunneo- lepidoti. Alabastrorum oblongorum parvorum perulae paucae punctulatim nneo-lepidotae ; folia saritinca convoluta. Folia petiolata ad 4.5 cm. longa ; coriacea ad 3.5 cm. longa ad 2 cm. lata oblonga vel elliptico-oblonga apice ot ta muc argine subcartilaginea leviter recurvata, basi obtusa ; supra opaca fere atro-viridis primum contigue | demum desquamata vel vestigus siccis paucis naa riseis notata, costa media sulcata ; subtus costa media elevata percurs a, squamis contiguis biformibus indumentum compacturh sleeve: _facientibus dense lepidota, in juve <_ rem + Pied ae p , ciliolatae. Folia omnia basalia, CRAIB—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 173 oblonga, oblongo-obovata vel subelliptica, apice rotundata, saepe late haud alte retusa, basi cuneata, usque ad 13.5 cm. longa et 7 cm. lata, chartacea vel coriaceo-chartacea, supra sicco iu- ventute fusca, matura fusca brunneave, pilis parvis inconspicuis farini-potentibus sparse instructa, praetereaque ad _ costae partem inferiorem pilis longioribus transverse septatis hic illic ornata, subtus matura pallidiora, farina alba (an semper ?) sparse tecta et ad costam nervosque pilis longioribus transverse septatis ornata, costa supra pallescente, nervis lateralibus utrinque I2-I3 supra conspicuis saepe parum impressis subtus cum costa prominentibus, nervulis rete conspicuum supra interdum immer- sum subtus prominens formantibus, subsessilia vel petiolo vix distincto alato ad 1 cm. longo suffulta. Pedunculi communes solitarii vel in exemplo unico bini, umbellam simplicem 3-6-floram vel in exemplo fructifero umbellam terminalem paucifloram . et verticillum inferum pluriflorum gerentes, 6-12 cm. alti, pilis longiusculis transverse septatis sparsius vel subdense tecti praetereaque pilis brevibus farini-potentibus instructi ; bracteae brunneae, e basi lata caudato-acuminatae, circa 5 mm. longae ; pedicelli 8-18 mm. longi, indumento ei pedunculi simili tecti, infructescentes superne conspicue incrassati. Calyx brun- heus, 9 mm. longus, extra indumento ei pedicellorum simili tectus, ad medium lobatus, lobis 3.5 mm. latis breviter acuminatis ciliolatis, nervis 3-5 rectis vel subrectis obscuris. Corollae floris brevistyli tubus circa 14 mm. longus, exannulatus, lobi circa II mm. longi et 9-10 mm. lati, apice late retusi et in sinus fundo apiculati. Antherae oblongae, 2.75 mm. longae, filamentis I-1.25 mm. longis inferne parum dilatatis in flore brevistylo circa 11.5 mm. e corollae tubi base affixis suffultae, in flore longistylo in calyce inclusae. Ovarium 2.5 mm. altum; pis- tillum floris brevistyli calyci vix aequialtum, stigmate capitato. Capsula in calycis tubo inclusa, seminibus fuscis angulatis foveolatis. W. China. E. Szechwan, Tchen-kéow-tin, Farges, 119 (Herb. Edin. et Kew). Primula Harsukhii, Craib (Denticulata), a P. denticulata, Sm. foliis squamiformibus magnis, involucri bracteis minoribus, floribus distincte pedicellatis distinguenda. _ Rhizoma breve, crassum, radices elongatas crassas emittens ; folia squamiformia exteriora latissime ovata, circa 2.4 cm. longa et 2 cm. lata, interiora gradatim longiora et angustiora, intima oblonga, usque ad 5 cm. longa, omnia rigida, erecta, arcte adpressa, apice acuminata, margine superne denticulata, arcte revoluta, utrinque pilis brevibus capitatis farini-potentibus in- conspicue puberula vel interdum sparse irregulariterque sul- 174 CRAIB—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. phureo-farinosa. Folia floribus coaetanea vel sub anthesin vix evoluta, oblongo-lanceolata vel oblongo-spatulata, apice obtusa rotundatave, basi in petiolum latum angustata, paulo post anthesin ad 9 cm. longa et 2.8 cm. lata, rigide chartacea, pagina utraque pilis capitatis farini-potentibus puberula vel saepe inferiore plus minusve sulphureo-farinosa, nervis lateralibus utrinque I0-I4, supra subconspicuis subtus prominentibus, nervis transversis obscuris vel paucis subtus subprommulis, margine subregulariter hydathodo-denticulata, ciliolata, petiolo late membranaceo-alato vix distincto ad 3.5 cm. longo suffulta. Pedunculi communes solitarii, 8-11 cm. alti, pilis farini-poten- tibus puberuli et summo apice pallide luteo-farinosi; bracteae involucrales saepissime late ovato-deltoideae, obtusae, pedicellis distincte breviores, rarius pedicellis subaequales, puberulae, ' ciliolatae ; pedicelli usque ad 5 mm. longi, pilis farini-potentibus ‘9 st dense tecti vel pallide farinosi, apice anthopodio distincto ter- minati. Calyx pilis farini-potentibus extra sparse puberulus, 6.5 mm. longus ; lobi 4-5 mm. longi, circa 1.5 mm. lati, lineari- lanceolati, obtusi, unicostati, intra pilis longiusculis capitatis instructi, ciliolati. Corollae tubus circa 11 mm. longus, extra puberulus, exannulatus, haud rugosus ; limbi lobi circa 4.5 mm. longi et 3.25 mm. lati, apice lobulati, sinu circa 1.5 mm. alto. Antherae lineari-oblongae, loculis basi apiceque liberis, filamentis brevibus in flore longistylo 5 mm. in brevistylo circa 7.5 mm. supra corollae basem insertis suffultae. Ovarium depresso- globosum, 1.75 mm. altum; stylus longus 6 mm.,_ brevis 2.25 mm. stigmate capitato incluso longus. Kurram Valley, Harsukh, 14894 (type), 14909 (Herb. Edin. et Kew) ; Bian Khél, Aitchison, 130 (Herb. Kew). N.W. Frontier Provinces, S. Waziristan, Pir Ghal, 8000- 11,500 ft., Harsukh, 15602 (Herb. Calc.). Primula leptophylla, Craib (Petiolaris), Rhizoma crassum, lignosum, radices fibrosas valde numerosas emittens; squamae basales numerosae, membranaceae, per- Sistentes, saepissime circa 15 mm. longae, pilis minutis capitatis inconspicuis sparsissime instructae, brunneae. Folia omnia basalia, suberecta, oblongo-elliptica, elliptica, oblongo-obovata vel obovata, apice rotundata, saepe retusa, basi saepissime cuneata vel acuminata, ad 8 cm. longa et 5.2 cm. lata, mem- branacea vel rigide membranacea, viridia, pagina superiore pilis minutis albis farini-potentibus sparsius instructa, rarissime costae imam basem versus pilis longioribus paucissimis instructa, inferiore pilis minutis albis farini-potentibus subdense tecta, praetereaq > costa nervisque lateralibus pilis elongatis trans- verse septatis pilosa, nervis lateralibus utrinque saepissime 9 CrAIB—NEw SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 175 Supra conspicuis subtus prominulis, margine anguste crenata et hydathodo-denticulata, ciliata ; petioli ad 5 cm. longi, lamina decurrente anguste alati, pilis elongatis transverse septatis pilosi et pilis minutis farini-potentibus sparse instructi. Pedunculi communes solitarii vel bini, infructescentes 9-14 cm. alti, indu- mento ei petiolorum simili sed nisi summo apice Sparsiore tecti, 5-9-flori; bracteae circa 6 mm. longae et 3.5 mm. latae, apice rotundatae vel fere truncatae, erosae, summo apice caudato- acuminatae, brunneae, ciliolatae, dorso puberulae ; pedicelli infructescentes usque ad 2 cm. longi, indumento ei pedunculi simili tecti. Calyx viridis, utrinque puberulus, 11 mm. longus, lobis 5 mm. longis et 4 mm. latis ciliolatis 3-5 Nerviis nervis rectis vel subrectis apice haud anastomosantibus. Corolla ignota. Ovarium 2 mm. altum, stylo brevi stigmate grandi capitato incluso 4.5 mm. longo. Plateau de Tse-tchou-pa, 2500 m., Mai, fl. bleues, E. E. Maire (Herb. Edin.). Primula limnoica, Craib (Denticulata) ab affini P. denticulata, Wall., foliis tenuioribus pilosulis distinguenda. Radices sat numerosae, crassae. Folia sub anthesin vix Matura, in rosulam suberectam basi squamis exterioribus brunneis induratis interioribus elongatis stramineis brunneo- venosis ad 3 cm. longis cinctam disposita, oblanceolata vel Saepius oblongo-oblanceolata, apice rotundata vel obtuso- rotundata, costa paululo excurrente apiculata, basi in petiolum angustata, ad 7.5 cm. longa et 2 cm. lata, chartaceo-mem- branacea vel membranacea, pagina inferiore pilis mediocribus transverse septatis albis et brevibus capitatis farini-potentibus instructa, superiore iuventute pilosula, cito p us minusve glabrescentia, nervis lateralibus utrinque numerosis pagina utraque conspicuis, margine hydathodo-denticulata, ciliolata, petiolo plus minusve distincto alato ad 3 cm. longo suffulta. Pedunculus solitarius, 15-30 cm. altus, apice luteo-farinosus ; bracteae exteriores parvae, anguste deltoideae, apice longius attenuatae, pedicellos exteriores subaequantes vel lis usque dimidio longiores ; pedicelli exteriores circa 2mm. longi. Calyx Viridis vel saepissime saltem lobis cito purpurascens, 7 mm. longus, lobis 4.5 mm. longis linearibus apice obtusis margine Sat dense ciliolatis. Corollae tubus in flore longistylo Ir mm, longus, lobi 6 mm. longi, vix ad medium bilobati, lobulis apice Totundatis, oculo circa 1 mm. lato. Stamina in calyce bene inclusa, antheris 1.75 mm. longis, loculis basi acuminatis. Stylus stigmate subcylindrico circa 1.25 mm. longo incluso 6 mm. longus, in corollae tubo bene inclusus; ovarium circa , 2mm. altum, Capsula straminea, calyci subaequialta, a Ow, 176 CRAIB—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. Upper Burma. Taping Valley. Lat. 24°30’ N. Alt. 3500 ft. Plant of 6-15 inches. Flowers lavender-blue. Boggy situations by streams. G. Forrest, 13643. Fl. et Fr. April 1917. Hpimaw Hill. 7ooo-gooo ft. Abundant over all the brackened slopes, from the base of Hpimaw hill to gooo ft. Already passing into seéd on roth April, it still, on some banks, made drifts as densely blue as scabious on a Yorkshire fell-side in August. No scent, or. very little. Completely efarinose except at the umbel. R. G. Farrer, 823. FI., 11th April 1919, The plants forwarded by Farrer contain short-styled flowers, These were wanting at the time that the description was drawn up from the Taping plant. In the short-styled flower the style is completely included in the calyx and the stamens are completely exserted. Primula macropoda, Craib (Petiolaris). Rhizoma crassum, lignosum, radices numerosas fibrosas emittens. Folia omnia basalia, elliptica vel oblongo-elliptica, apice rotundata, saepe late retusa, basi cuneata breviterve acuminata, usque ad 8.5 cm. longa et 5 cm. lata rigide chartacea, Supra costa nervisque pallescentibus exceptis viridia, costa basem versus pilis paucis longis transverse septatis ornata, subtus pallidiora, ad costam nervosque laterales pilosa, nervulis pubescentia puberulave, praetereaque pagina utraque ppilis brevibus inconspicuis capitatis farini-potentibus sparse instructa, nervis lateralibus utrinque 8-10 supra conspicuis subtus cum costa prominentibus, nervulis rete laxum subtus prominulum vel fere prominens formantibus, margine saepe anguste recurva, hydathodo-denticulata sed haud rarius imam basem versus pauci-lobulata, breviter ciliata; petioli ad 9 cm. longi, apice mina decurrente anguste alati, pilis longis transverse septatis tecti praetereaque pilis brevibus inconspicuis capitatis subsparse instructi. Pedunculi communes solitarii, infructescentes circa 17 cm. alti, indumento ei petiolorum simili sed nisi summo apice conspicue Sparsiore tecti, virides, circa 7-flori; bracteae plus minusve lanceolatae, circa 7 mm. longae, brunneae vel exteriores medio virides et marginem versus brunneae, ciliolatae, dorso medio sparsim breviter pilosae ; pedicelli 15-22 mm. longi, Superne incrassati, recti, sparse breviter pilosi et pilis brevibus farini-potentibus inconspicuis instructi. Calycis infructescentis viridis tubus circa 7 mm. longus, indumento ei pedicellorum simili dorso tectus, lobi circa 5.5 mm. longi et 3.5 mm. lati, ciliolati, 5-nervil, nervis rectis vel subrectis apice haud anastomo- santibus. Corolla ignota. Capsula in calycis tubo inclusa, seminibus angulatis reticulatis. Szechwan, Pratt, 346, Henry, 8860 (Herb. Kew). CRAIB—NEw SPECIES OF PRIMULA. 177 we" Primula polia, Craib (Petiolaris). Rhizoma crassum, radices numerosas fibrosas emittens : Squamae basales membranaceae, brunneae, pilis brevibus albis vix conspicuis farini-potentibus subsparse tectae, ad 17 mm. longae. Folia omnia basalia, saepissime elliptica vel obovato- elliptica, rarius oblongo-elliptica, apice rotundata, haud rarius retusa, basi rotundata et in petiolum subacuminatim angustata vel in petiolum cuneatim angustata, usque ad 12 cm, longa et 8.5 cm. lata, coriacea vel subcoriacea, pagina superiore ad costae partem trientem inferiorem pilis sat longis transverse septatis plus minusve persistentibus tecta et aliter pilis brevibus albis Capitatis farini-potentibus sparse instructa, inferiore pallidiora, pilis brevibus farini-potentibus iis paginae superioris similibus sat dense tecta praetereaque ad costam nervos nervulosque pilis longiusculis sat crassis transverse septatis saepissime minutius Capitatis dense instructa, nervis lateralibus utrinque 10-12 obliquis subtus prominentibus, costa supra lata pallescente subtus valde prominente, nervulis rete perfectum subtus pro- minens supra cum nervis lateralibus impressum formantibus, Margine demum anguste recurva, hydathodo-denticulata, ciliata, petiolo 2-4 cm. longo superne lamina decurrente angustius alato subdense piloso et pilis brevibus farini-potentibus puberulo suffulta. Pedunculi communes solitarii vel bini, 10-12 cm. alti, pilis elongatis transverse septatis pilosi et pilis brevibus farini-potentibus sparse puberuli, 2—10-flori; bracteae superne saepissime longius attenuatae, basi subitius ampliatae, brunneae, Tigide membranaceae, ciliolatae et dorso sparsissime pilosae, circa 6 mm. longae ; pedicelli 5-15 mm. longi, indumento el pedunculi simili sed apice densius tecti. Calyx viridis, extra indumento simili sed sparsiore tectus, 8.5-9 mm. longus, ad medium lobatus, lobis 3-3.5 mm. latis ciliolatis 5-nerviis nervis rectis subrectisve apice haud accaibeancaaatins. Floris ‘longi- Styli corollae tubus 10 mm. longus, apice conspicue annulatus, limbi disco 2.5 mm. lato, lobis Io mm. longis 12 mm. latis apice ad 2.5 mm. bilobulatis, limbo cum tubi apice pilis paucis crassis transverse septatis instructo. Stamina floris longistyli in calyce inclusa, filamentis circa 5 mm. supra tubi basem insertis, floris brevistyli circa 8.5 mm. supra tubi basem insertis; antherae oblongae, fere 2 mm. longae; filamenta circa 0.75 mm. longa, inferne conspicue dilatata. Ovarium 2 mm. altum; stylus longus 10 mm. longus, brevis calycis tubo subaequialtus, stigmate Capitato circa 0.75 mm. longo. Sous bois-rochers de Ou-tchai, 2000 m., Avril, fil. violettes, E. E. Maire (Herb. Edin.). Foréts de bambous de Lo-han-lin, 2400 m., Mai, fl. bleues, E. E. Maire (Herb. Edin.). Collines boisées de Qu-tchai, 2000 m.., firs. roses, E. E. Maire (Herb. Edin.). ‘eat 178 CRAIB—NEW SPECIES OF PRIMULA. Primula praticola, Craib (Petiolaris), species nova ab affini P. taliense, G. Forrest, floribus maioribus inter alia dis- tinguenda. Herba’ nana, squamis basalibus sub anthesin fere omnino delapsis. Folia sub anthesin erecta vel erecto-patentia, pauca vel satis numerosa et subdense aggregata, apice rotundata, spatulata et basi in petiolum cuneatim angustata ovatave et basi latissime cuneata vel fere truncata, usque ad 3 cm. longa et 1.5 cm. lata, membranacea, viridia, pagina utraque pilis flaccidis albis transverse septatis laxe tecta, nervis lateralibus utrinque 5 patentibus pagina utraque obscuris vel inferiore subconspicuis, margine crassius dentata vel duplicato-dentata, dentibus hydathodo-apiculatis, ciliata, petiolo vix distincto vel alato ad 2 cm. longo pilis iis paginae similibus tecto suffulta. Pedunculus communis solitarius, brevis vel foliis fere aequialtus, cum pedicellis pilis albis flaccidis transverse septatis tectus, I-5-florus; bracteae elongato-lanceolatae, virides, albo-pilosae, circa 5 mm. longae ; pedicelli 10-15 mm. longi. Calyx viridis, campanulatus, 6.5 mm. longus, dorso subsparse albo-pilosus, lobis ovatis obtusiusculis vel interdum obtusiuscule acuminatis 2.5 mm. longis 2 mm. latis ciliatis integris vel pauci-dentatis. Corolla extra sparse albo-pilosa; tubus exannulatus, in flore longistylo 10 mm. longus in brevistylo 12 mm. longus ; limbus I.3-1.4 cm. latus, disco 2.5-3 mm. lato: lobi late obovato- cuneati, 8 mm. longi, circa 8 mm. lati, apice 3-dentati, dentibus medianis deltoideis circa 1.75 mm. longis obtusis, lateralibus latere interiore rectis exteriore rotundatis et undulatis. Antherae vix 1.75 mm. longae, filamentis circa 0.3 mm. longis antheris omnino vel vix obtectis in flore longistylo circa 4 mm. supra corollae basem insertis suffultae, in flore longistylo in calyce inclusae. Ovarium circa 1 mm. altum: stylus cum stigmate globoso longus 8.75 mm. longus, brevis calyce brevior, 4 mm. longus.—P. taliensis, Craib in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., Vi, p. 270, p.p. non G. Forrest. Yunnan. Shweli-Salwin divide, 11,000 ft. Lat. 25° 30’ N. Plant of 2-3 inches. Flowers purplish-rose. Open moist pasture. G. Forrest, 15,707. Fl. July 1917. Shweli-Salwin divide, 10,000 ft. Lat. 25° 30’ N. Plant of 2-3 inches. Flowers purplish-blue. Open stony moist pasture. G. Forrest, 11,942. Fl. April 1913. f+ a 18 Primula Davidii and its Allies. BY WILLIAM GRANT CRAIB, M.A., Lecturer on Forest Botany and Indian Forest Trees in the University of Edinburgh. AT the time of Pax’s elaboration of the genus Primula in Engler’s Pflanzenreich only two species of this group were known, viz. P. Davidii and P. ovalifolia, both described by Franchet from David’s Moupin plants. These species were placed by Pax in his section Bullatae, although Franchet had already correctly indicated their affinity to P. petiolaris. The consequent lack of uniformity in the section as understood by Pax has already been commented on by Professor Balfour * in his account of the Primulas of the Bullatae section. Both from habit and from fruit characters P. Davidii and its allies must be placed as a rather well-defined group of the Petiolaris section. The members of the Petiolaris section would then have in common the “ characteristic enlargement of the scape and pedicels in fruit- ripening, and for the fruit itself a discoid operculate capsule occupied by a broad convex placenta upon which the seeds lie.” + _ The members of the Peftiolaris section fall into several more or less well-defined groups: (1) the fetzolaris group, as typified by P. petiolaris, P. sessilis, etc.; (2) the sonchifolia group, as typified by P. sonchifolia, P. Whitei, etc.; (3) the Davidi group, as typified by P. Davidii, P. ovalifolia, etc.; and (4) the Griffithii group, as typified by P. Griffithii, P. Roylei, etc. _ Of the first two groups an account has already appeared in this publication.t- Specimens of the Grifithi: group have not yet been fully examined. In P. hylophila we have a transi- tional form between the Davidii group and such species as P. ddontocalyx and P. moupinensis of the petiolaris-sonchifolia group. In the present group we find the thick, erect, closely Pinibiced rosette scales of P. sonchifolia replaced by brown lax, paleaceous scales. Except in P. Esquiroliu a well-developed * Balf. f. in Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin., xxvi, p. 188 (1913). + Balf. f. in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., ix, p. 174 (1916). + Craib in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., vi, p. 257 (1917). {Notes, R.B,G., Edin., No. LIV, October 1919.] 180 CRAIB—PRIMULA DAVIDII AND ITS ALLIES. scape is always present—in many members of the petiolaris group the scape is so reduced as almost to justify its being regarded as undeveloped. Farini-potential hairs are present on all the species, but the development of farina is so scanty that one may apply the term efarinose to the group. One solitary fruiting specimen shows a candelabroid tendency in the peduncle bearing a lateral verticil and a terminal umbel of flowers. This is the only case so far noted of superposed umbels in the whole Petiolaris section. None of the species are at present in cultivation. Wilson succeeded in introducing plants which flowered and which were figured as P. ovalifolia,* Franch. This plant is evidently not the true P. ovalifolia but is apparently P. aequipila, Craib. From Forrest’s seed plants of P. coerulea were raised,+ but the species is no longer in cultivation, the plants having died before flowering. Up to the present the following species are known :— P. Davidii, Franchet in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr., vol. xxxiii (1886), p. 66, et in Nuov. Arch. Mus. Par., Ser. 2, vol. x (1887), p. 56, t. 14, fig. A—collected by David in Moupin. P. ovalifolia, Franchet ll. cc., pp. 67 et 57—collected by David in Moupin. P. Esquirolii, Petitm. in Bull. Soc. Sci. Nancy, Sér. 3, vol. vili (1907), p. 16, et in Fedde, Rep. Nov. Sp., vol. ix, Pp. 240—collected in Kweichow by Esquirol and Martin. P. coerulea, G. Forrest in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., vol. iv (1908), p. 221, t. xxxiv—collected by G. Forrest in Yunnan. P. hylophila, Balf. f. et Farrer in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Fdin., vol. ix (1916), p. 173—collected by Farrer and Purdom in Kansu. Examination of the specimens preserved in the Royal Botanic Gardens of Edinburgh and Kew has necessitated the establishment of six more species :— P. aequipila, Craib in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., vol. xi (1919), p. 169. P. epilosa, Craib in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., vol. xi (919), p. 171. : P. fagosa, Balf. f. et Craib in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., vol. xi (1919), p. 172. 2 * - Chron., Ser. 3, xxxviii, p. 62 (1905), supplem. illustr. t Balf. f. in Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc., xxxix, p. 147 (t9r3). 2. CRAIB—PRIMULA DAVIDII AND ITS ALLIES. 18r P. leptophylla, Craib in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., vol. xi _ (1919), p. 174. P. macropoda, Craib in Notes Roy. Bot: Gard. Edin., vol. xi (1919), p. 176. P. polia, Craib in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., vol. xi (1919), p. 177. _ The complete absence of flowers in some cases and restric- tions imposed through lack of material for dissection in others have compelled me to fall back on leaf-characters for the con- struction of a key. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Flowers single or shortly umbellate . . I. Esquirolit. Flowers always een, arranged in umbels ower surface of leaf with farini-potent hai Leaves eines dicuiate, thin, ee lateral “nerves up to 12 pair ; corolla limb about 2.5 cm. diam ophila. Leaves crenulate, chartaceous, petiouldtion elevated on eeres surface, lateral n nerves up to 16 pair; corolla limb about : 4 cm. diam Fa, sa. Lower Sabu of leat “with long multicellular hairs in addition to the short farini-potent ones. Leaf-margin sharply erose-denticulate, not recurved; leaves non-reticulate ; corolla limb about 3cm. diameter Davidii. Leaf-margin with short hydathodal teeth, crenulate — sub- cite ar usually recurved though often v wly so; but slightly shorter than those on the nervules 5. aequipila Longer multicellular hairs on lower leaf-surface confined definitely to midrib and nerv ves sessile or with a short, broadly ber scarcely differentiated petiole . ‘ ° . 6. fagosa. Loe Sogiedc. petioled. mbranous, with inconspicuous nervules which i Abe form a prominent reticulation, midrib without -_ hairs on upper surface unless Rhee the very bi . 7. leptophylla. Leaves thicker, nervules ‘fo orming a mor e or less complete, close or open reticulation prominent on the lower surface ; midrib with conspicuous long hairs on the upper surface, the hairs nearly oe persistent. Petiole at least as long as the lamina; farini-potent airs on the lower surface few and sca ras con= spicuous with a pocket-lens . 8. macropoda. Petiole shorter than the lamina. Leones vie? corolla with a conspicuous annulus : ‘ ot Ge polia. 182 CRAIB—PRIMULA DAVIDII AND ITs ALLIES, Corolla exannulate. Corolla tube above the decidedly apiculate anthers with long conspicuous multicellular hairs . : F ; ; . . : - 10. coerulea. Corolla tube of long-styled flower without con- spicuous hairs; anthers blunt or obscurely api- ulate. ; ; : . It. ovalsfolia. ENUMERATION OF THE SPECIES, WITH SYNONYMY AND DISTRIBUTION. 1. P. Esquirolii, Petitm. in Bull. Soc. Sci. Nancy, Sér. 3, vol. Vili (1907), p. 16, et in Fedde, Rep. Nov. Sp.,; Vokes, p. 240; Balf. f. in Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc., xxxix (1913), Pp. 133, 147 ; Dunn in Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. xxxix (1911), p. 480. Kweichow, Gan-pin, 1350 m., Esquirol et Martin (Herb. Edin. !). Gan-pin- et Gan-chouen, Cavalerie, 3804 (Herb. Edin.!). Environs de Gan-pin, Martin et Bodinier, 2068 (Herb. Edin.!)) : 2. P. hylophila, Balf. f. et Farrer in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard., Edin., vol. ix (1916), p. 173. Kansu, from Chago to Thunder-crown above Siku, 7000-— gooo ft. Very abundant in all the alpine forests in rich loam and on rotten trunks, not in dense shade. Early April-May. Farrer et Purdom, F. 38, P No. 1 (Herb. Edin. l). 3. P. epilosa, Craib in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., vol. xi (I9IQ), p. 171. _ W. China, wet rocks, 6000 ft. Firs. purple. Wilson, 4048 (Herb. Kew }). 4. P. Davidii, Franchet in Bull. Soc. Bot. F r., vol. xxxiii (1886), p. 66, et in Nuoy. Arch. Mus. Par., Ser. 2, vol. x (1887), Pp. 50, t. .14, fig. A; Pax in Engler Bot. Jahrb., vol. x (1889), p. 176; Diels in Engler Bot. Jahrb., vol. xxix (1900), p. 521; Pax in Engler Pflanzenr. Primul. (1905), P. 43; Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn, Soc., vol. xxxvi (1905), P. 504; Balf. f. in Journ, Roy. Hort. Soc., vol. XXXIX (1913), Pp. 132, 146. Moupin, David, March 1869 (Herb. Kew t). 5. P. aequipila, Craib in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., vol. xi (I91Q), p. 169. P. ovalifolia, Forbes. et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. XxXvi (1889), p. 41, quoad plantas Henryanas tantum ; *__ Diels in Engler Bot. Jahrb., vol. xxix (1900), p. 521, CRAIB—PRIMULA DaVIDII AND ITS ALLIES. 183 quoad plantam Henryanam; Kew Bull., 1904, App. iii iii p. 82; Duthie in Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, vol. XXXViii (2505), p. 62, ‘supplem. illustr.; Pax in Engler Pflanzenr. Prim (1905), P- 43, quoad plantas hupehanas citatas; Balf. in Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc., vol. xxxix (1913), p. 146, quoad plantam Wilsonianam, vix Franchet Hupeh. Changyang, wet places, 5600 ft., firs. purple, Wilson, 52 (Herb. Edin.! Kew!), Wilson, 52A (Herb. Kew!) ; Changyang Hsien, woodlands, 4000-6000 ft., firs. blue-purple, Wilson, 3140 (Herb. Edin. !) : Patung and C hangyang. Henry, 5286A (Herb. Kew!) ; Patung, Henry, 707, 1456, 3731 (Herb. Kew!) ; Patung, 6000 ft., firs. purple, Henry, 5286 (Herb. Kew !). Szechwan, N. Wushan, 6000-8000 ft., Henry, 7148 (Herb. Kew !). This species, if all the plants cited are correctly referred to it, is very variable, both in leaf shape and in its calycine char- acters. The plants collected in Hupeh by Henry are especially variable in these directions. The plant introduced by Wilson and figured as P. ovalifolia I have little hesitation in referring to this species. It did not persist long in cultivation. 6. P. fagosa, Balf. f. et Craib in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., vol. xi (1919), p. 172. Szechwan, Tchen-kéow-tin, Farges, 119 (Herb. Edin.! Kew !). 7. P. leptophylla, Craib in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., vol. xi (1919), p. 174. Plateau de Tse-tchou-pa, 2500 m., firs. bleues, E. E. Maire (Herb. Edin. !). 8. P. macropoda, Craib in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., vol. xi (1919), p. 176 . P. ovalifolia, Duthie in Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, vol. xxxviil (1905), p. 62, quoad plantam Prattianam, vzx Franchet. Szechwan, Pratt, 346, Henry, 8860 (Herb. Kew!). 9. P. polia, Craib in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., vol. xi _ (2919), p. 177. Foréts de bambous de Lo-han-lin, 2400 m., firs. bleues, - E. Maire (Herb. Edin.!). Sous bois-rochers de Ou-tchai, 2000 m., firs. violettes, E. E. Maire (Herb. Edin.!). Collines boisées de Ou-tchai, 2000 m., firs. roses, E. E. Maire (Herb. Edin. !). 184 CRAIB—PRIMULA DAVIDII AND ITS ALLIES. to. P. coerulea, G. Forrest in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., vol. iv (1908), p. 221, t. xxxiv; Dunn in Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. xxxix (1911), p. 480; Balf. f. in Journ. Roy. Hort. oc., vol. xxxix (1913), pp. 132, 147. Yunnan. Eastern flank of the Tali Range. Lat. 25° 40’ N. Alt. 11,000-12,000 ft. Plant of 2-3 ins. Open exposed situa- tions on rocks in side valleys. Flowers rich purplish-blue, eye and tube yellowish-green. G. Forrest, 1814. Ibid. G. Forrest, 6803. 11. P. ovalifolia, Franchet in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr., vol. xxxiii (1886), p. 67, et in Nuov. Arch. Mus. Par., Ser. 2, vol. x (1887), p. 57; Pax in Engler Bot. Jahrb., vol. x (1889), p. 176; Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. xxvi Pp. 41, quoad distr. tantum; Diels in Engler Bot. Jahrb., vol. xxix (1900), p. 521, quoad plantam Davidianam ; Pax in Engler Pflanzenr. Primul. (1905), p. 43, quoad plantam Davidianam tantum; Balf. f. in Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc., vol. xxxix (1913), pp. 136 et 146, quoad plantam moupinensem, Moupin, David, March 1869 (Herb. Kew !). In conclusion I wish to express my indebtedness to the Director of the Royal Gardens, Kew, for kindly placing the Kew herbarium material at my disposal, as also to Professor Balfour for free access to the herbarium specimens preserved here. Polygala furcata, Royle, and its Allies. BY WILLIAM GRANT CRAIB, M.A., Lecturer on Forest Botany and Indian Forest Trees in the University of Edinburgh. ALTHOUGH Hasskarl * had pointed out that the name Polygala triphylla was already occupied for a S. African plant,+ Bennett ¢ in elaborating the species of Polygala from India retained Don’s name P. triphylla for an Indian plant. Unfortunately Hass- karl in suggesting the new specific name Hamiltonii for Don’s species followed Royle, and described under that name a totally different plant from Don’s P. triphylla. Succeeding authors have more or less perpetuated Hasskarl’s mistake. Hamilton named a Narainhetty plant collected by himself Polygala triphylla, but did not publish the species. Don § published the species later under Hamilton’s manuscript name, and quoted a Wallichian plant in addition to that collected by Hamilton. Presumably the Wallichian plant quoted is the one which Wallich quoted in his catalogue as P. glaucescens. For present purposes we may reduce the main features claimed by Don for his species to: stem 2-3 inches high, trichotomous at the apex, flowers small, yellow. Fourteen years later Royle || enumerated and figured two species of Polygala: P. triphylla and P. furcata. A glance at Royle’s figure of P. triphylla shows that it disagrees with Don’s description, in that the flowers are not yellow and that the stem branches from the base. Royle’s figure of his P. furcata agrees, however, with the main features of Don’s species as quoted above, viz. the stem branches only at the apex and the flowers are yellow. In 1863 Hasskarl * described three Indian species under the genus Semeiocardium: S. Hamiltoni, S. hyalinum, and S. glaucescens. According to his synonymy Hasskarl intended * Hasskarl in Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat., i, p. 151 (1863). | Polygala triphylla, Burm ~ Bennett in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind., i, p. 20r (1872). § D. Don, Prodr - Fl. Nepal.,p. 200 (#823). || Royle, Il., t. 19, B. et D. (18 39). (Notes, R.B.G., Edin., No. LIV, October 1919.] 186 CRAIB—POLYGALA FURCATA, ROYLE, AND ITS ALLIES, his S. Hamiltonit to be the P. triphylla, Don non Burm. f., but in his description he says flowers “‘ albidi apicem versus rubentes (flavi ex D. Don l.c.),” 7.e. his S. Hamiltonii agrees in the colour of the flowers with Royle’s P. triphylla and is not Don’s plant. S. glaucescens is based on the Wallichian P. glaucescens from Nepaul, which is, as noted above, probably the true P. triphylla, D. Don. In the case of his S. hyalinum Hasskarl again derived his specific name from a Wallichian plant (P. hyalina from Burma), but he quotes in addition a plant collected by Zippelius from New Guinea. In 1872 * Kurz published a new species of this group from Parish’s Tenasserim collections under the name P. cardiocarpa. In the same year Bennett’s { elaboration of the Indian species was published, so that Kurz’s species is not included. Bennett’s treatment of P. triphylla, D. Don, follows on the whole that of Royle and Hasskarl. Excluding his quotations of synonyms, we may Say that his var. 1 Triphylla proper is for the most part Royle’s and not Don’s P. triphylla, and that his var. 2 Glaucescens agrees for the most part with P. furcata, Royle, i.e. with P. triphylla, D. Don. Kurz in his later contributions to the flora of Burma enumerates two species, viz. his own P. cardiocarpa and P. glaucescens. While he quotes P. furcata, Royle, as a synonym of the latter, he makes no mention of P. triphylla. From this date onwards until a few years ago the nomen- clature published in the Flora of British India was more or less adhered to, i.e. Don’s original description notwithstanding, the true P. triphylla, D. Don, was regarded as the plant with red or red-tipped flowers, and P. triphylla var. glaucescens as the yellow-flowered form. The comparatively recent monograph by Chodat practically follows accepted usage. The unsatisfactory condition of the nomenclature was full realised when I was working with the late Mr J. H. Lace on his Burmese collections. Our work then resulted in the publication of two new species—P. palustris and P. pellucida—which, however, are but remotely connected with this group. Further work had, however, to be suspended until we had examined authentic material of P. cardiocarpa, Kurz, of which species there was no material in this country. I am indebted to Major A. T. Gage, Superintendent of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Calcutta, for an opportunity of examining Kurz’s original plant. Examination of Kurz’s plant enabled the work to be completed by the publication of two more new species— P. Lacei and P, umbonata, . * Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng., 1872, p. 293. + Bennett in Hook f., Fl. Brit, India, i, p. 200 (1872). ~ CRAIB—POLYGALA FURCATA, ROYLE, AND ITS ALLIES. 187 KEY TO THE SPECIES. Flowers purple or pink or white and pink- -tipped : pe: distinctly pubescent but not tubercled 1. P. Tatarinowiti. Flowers desta seed glabrous or "pubescent, dis- — tubercled. Seed bros Seed (without aril) 1.25 mm. long with com- paratively few large tubercles : capsule Ee 5 mm. long, wing less than one-fourth eadth of capsule 22. Lace, Seed (without aril) 0.75 mm. ‘long with man small beige: capsule (excluding Wing) I.5 m Lea te wi "8 one half- breadth of caps sule 3. P. cardiocarpa. Seed pubescent. Seed with large black shining development . chalaza equal in length to abou one-half the seed . 4. P. umbonata. Seed with scarcely prominent black shining mbo at ieee. or with a pale-coloured productio Capsule rabaibecie: ‘ : : Aa oe furcata. Capsule oblong ' ; E 6. P. hyalina. SYNONYMY AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE SPECIES. ac P. Tatarinowii, Regel in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc., xxxiv, pt. ii, P- 523 (1861) ; Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc., XXiil, p. 62. P. triphylla, Royle, Il., t. 1gD non D. Don nec Burm. f. ; Forbes et Hemsl., l.c., pro parte. P. triphylla, var. 1 Triphylla proper, Benn. in Hook. f., FI. Brit. Ind., i, p. 201, excl. syn. P. hyalina. 5 daccoeabasun Hamiltonti, Hassk. in Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat., i, p. 151, quoad descr. sed syn. Polygala triphylla excl. China. Pekin, Carles,23! Shantung, Clemens, 1427! Yun- nan, Forrest, gor! Maire, 2688! 732! Henry, 9343! Delavay, 259! Delavay ! Hupeh, Wilson, 2533 ! Henry, 2486 ! N.W. India, Stewart! Reid! Simla, Lady Dalhousie! Watt, 9377! Crookshank! Bashahr, Lace,1058! Chamba, Lace, 1753! 1846 ! 2. P. Lacei, Craib in Kew Bull., 1916, p. 260. Siam. Doi Chieng Dao, 5500-5900 ft., on rocks, Kerr, 2889 (Herb. Kew }). Upper Burma. Ruby Mines, Lace (Herb. Edin. !). Yunnan. Puerh cliffs, 4500 ft., Henry, 9303A (Herb. Edin. !). . 188 CRAIB—POLYGALA FURCATA, ROYLE, AND ITS ALLIES. 3. P. cardiocarpa, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng., 1872, p. 293. Lower Burma. Tenasserim, Parish, 307 (Herb. Calc. !). 4. P. umbonata, Craib in Kew Bull., 1916, p. 260. Siam. Pré, Hue Tuam, Vanpruk, 328 (Herb. Kew!). Upper Burma, Lace, 5477 (Herb. Edin. !). 5. P. furcata, Royle, IIl., t. 19B (1839). P. triphylla, Ham. ex D. Don Prodr. Fl. Nepal., p. 200 (1825), non Burm. f. P. glaucescens, Wall. Cat.—nomen tantum. F; triphylla, var, 2 glaucescens, Benn. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. nd., i, p. 201, syn. Semeiocardium hyalinum excl. Semetocardium glaucescens, Hassk. in Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat., i, p. 151 (1863). N.W. India. Dry hillside above Narainbagur, c. 5000 ft., Reid (Herb. Edin. !). Upper Burma. N. Shan States, Gokteik Gorge, 2100 ft., Lace, 4143 (Herb. Edin. }). 6:° RP: hyalina, Wall. ex Hassk. in Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat., i, p. 151 (1863), in syn. r. triphylla, var. 1 Triphylla proper, Benn. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit- Ind., i, p. 201, quoad syn. P. hyalin P. triphylla, var. glaucescens, Benn. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind., i, p. 201, quoad syn. Semeiocardium hyalinum. Siam. Doi Sutep, Kerr, 777 886 (Herb. Kew!). Wang Djao, Hosseus, 55 (Herb. Edin. ! Kew !), Burma, Wallich (Herb. Kew!). Printed under the authority of His Majesty’s Stationery Office Neriy & Co., Ltp., Edinburgh. ; Bes i Ties A New Chinese Pseudotsuga. BY WILLIAM GRANT CRAIB, M.A., Lecturer on Forest Botany and Indian Forest Trees in the University of Edinburgh. With Plates CLX-CLXI. vA 5 Pseudotsuga Forrestii, Craib, sp. nov., P. sinensi, Dode, similis sed foliis longioribus, strobilis maioribus, bracteis con- spicue maioribus distinguenda. Arbor 60—80-pedalis (ex Forrest) ; ramuli hornotini brunnei, pilis brevibus rigidis saepe reflexis conspersi puberulive tantum, annotini pallescentes, demum plus minusve grisel ; alabastra runnea, perulis saltem interioribus ciliatis, paucis per annos I-2 persistentibus. Folia spiraliter inserta, pectinatim dis- posita, apice rotundata, bilobulata, lobulis saepissime inaequali- bus, usque ad 4.5 cm. longa, circa 2 mm. lata, costa supra con- spicue impressa subtus prominente, margine sicco plus minusve recurva, subtus stomatifera, fasciebus sicco griseis vix con- spicuis. Strobili distincte pedunculati, circa 5.7 cm. longi et 3.7 cm. lati, haud rarius valde resinosi, squamis bracteisque lis P. sinensis subsimilibus nisi squamis brunneis haud_pallide brunneis, bracteis maioribus longius exsertis. Semina cum alis T.3-1.7 cm. longa, subtus pallida, pallide-brunneo-lineolato- maculata, ala ima basi cucullata, ala facie superiore prope seminis apicem paucipilosa. Yunnan. Mekong Valley. Lat. 27° 40’ N. Alt. 10,000 ft. Tree of 60-80 ft. Mixed forests. G. Forrest. No. 13,003. Fr. Aug. 1914 et No. 13,545. Fr. Oct. 1914. Young plants raised from seed of Forrest, 13,003, are in cultivation at the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. Twigs of a plant of unknown origin sent for identification by Sar Et. Loder apparently also belong to this species. Probably referable to P. Forvestii is a herbarium sheet of Ward's N.W. Yunnan and E. Thibet plants: Ward, 461, “ Very big tree up to 80 ft., on precipices and rocky places with Pinus, 10,000 ft. Also at Doker-la in mixed forest.” P. Forrestii can be distinguished from P. sinensis by trans- [Notes, R.B.G., Edin., No. LV, November 1919.] Wt. 11496/145—375—3/20—N. & Co., Ltd. Gp. 10. A Igo Crais—A NEw CHINESE PsSEUDOTSUGA. verse sections of the leaf. In the former hypodermis is developed only in the median plane of the leaf and very sparsely at the margins. Occasionally one or two solitary cells may be found along the upper surface between the margin and the midrib. In P. sinensis, on the other hand, there is a well-marked con- tinuous or almost continuous hypodermis. And again, the epidermal cells of P. Forrestii tend to be decidedly deeper than broad, whereas those of P. sinensis are almost as broad as deep. P. sinensis and P. Forrestii are two closely allied species which form a geographically and systematically distinct sub- genus. A first examination of the cone of either species recalls from the consistency of the scales the genus Keteleeria, the bracts alone reminding one of Pseudotsuga. The leaves and buds agree well with Pseudotsuga. Leaf-anatomy also supports their subgeneric rank. In the leaves of both species we find rayed idioblasts and infoldings of the cell-wall of the spongy tissue. In both these characters they differ from the true Pseudotsuga. The presence of rayed idioblasts is admittedly not of generic importance, e.g. some species of Abies develop them but in many more they are absent. But the presence of the infoldings of the cell-wall has been regarded as of generic rank. The infoldings are not so uniform as in Pinus, and in the material examined I failed to detect them in the palisade tissue. But they do form quite a marked feature of the spongy tissue of the leaf of P. sinensis and of P. Forrestii. Sections of the oldest available branches on the herbarium specimens of Forrest, 13,003, show the distinctive anatomical features associated with the wood of the genus Pseudotsuga. Of the other two Asiatic species of the genus sufficient material is not yet available. Of P. japonica there are several young plants in cultivation here, and Sir E. Loder has also sent a fragment of a cultivated plant. Leaf-sections from both sources show the same anatomical structure as found in P. Douglasit, i.e. leaf-sections made from young plants show no rayed idioblasts and no infoldings of the cell-wall. Of P. Wilsoniana* from Formosa I have seen no specimens. LIST OF PLATES Illustrating Mr. Craib’s paper on Pseudotsuga. Pirate CLX. Pseudotsuga Forrestii, Craib. Sp. nov. CLXI. Pseudotsuga sinensis, Dode. * Hayata in Icon. Plant. Formos., v (1915), 204, tab. xv. Notes, R.B.G., EDIN. PLATE CLX ST CHINA PSEUDOTSUGA FORRESTII, CRAIB. = te nee Sr rece Notes R.B.G., EDIN. PLATE CLXI — ~* " a : oiita, Smameses Moda in Ga Soe PSEUDOTSUGA SINENSIS, DODE. DIAGNOSES Specierum novarum in herbario Horti Regii Botanici Edinburgensis cognitarum. CCCCI-—CCCCL. The species and varieties described in this series are :— SPECIES ASIATICAE :— Acanthopale Dalzielii, W. W. Sm., p. 193. Agapetes megacarpa, W. W. Sm., p. I Arabis alpina, Linn., var. purpurea, W. W. Sm., p. 195. Arenaria barbata, Franch., var. hirsutissima, W. W. Sm., p. 195. Arenaria euodonta, W. W. Sm., p. ae Arenaria inornata, W. W. Sm., p. I Arenaria napuligera, Franch., var. monocephala, W. W. Sm., 196. p. Arenaria oresbia, W. W. Sm., p. 197. Sha Monbeigii, W. W. Sm., p. 2 05. Draba incana, Linn., var. ‘microphylla, W. W. Sm., p. 206. 06 Ww. Draba lichiangensis, W. W. Sm., p. 208 raba modesta, W. Sm., p. 2 Justicia xylopoda, W. W. Sm., p. 214. [Notes, R.B.G., Edin., No. LV, November 1919.) 192 The species fall into the following natural orders :— DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM. Justicia yunnanensis, W. W. Sm., p. 215. Lagotis alutacea, W. W. Sm., p. 215. Lagotis alutacea, W. W. Sm., var. foliosa, W. W. Sm., p. 216. 16. landryu Sisymbrium yunnanense, W. \ , W. W. Sm., p. 279. m) bilingua, Ww. W. Sm. -P 220. m) salweenensis, W. W. Sm., p. 229. ACANTHACEAE : Acanthopale Dalzielii, W. W. Sm., p. 193. - BERBERIDEAE : usticia xantholeuca, W. W. : Sm Arenaria eniditnts, Ww W. Sm. = — Arenaria inornata, W. W. Sm., Arenaria napuligera, F ranch., ce var. mono- Silene (Melandryam chungtienensis, W. W. Silene (iteandryumy dumicola, W. W. Sm., Siege. alelanerpara) epilosa, W.W.Sm., p.223. Silene (Eusilene) esquamata, W. W. Sm., p- 223. Silene grandiflora, Franch., var. xerobatica, W. W. Sm., p. 224. SPECIES ASIATICAE. 193 CARYOPHYLLACEAE: Silene (Melandryum) kermesina, W. W. Sm. Silene (lelandryum) lichiangensis, W. W. » p. 225. Silene (Melandryum) Monbeigii, W. W. Sm., p. 226. 3 Silene (Melandryum) oblanceolata, W. W. m.,p. 227. Silene (Melandryum) praticola, W. W. Sm., p. 228. Silene ee salweenensis, W. W. 2 ip. 2 CRUCIFERAE: Arabis ets Linn., var. purpurea, Mm Ls Sm., p. 195. Braya heterophylla, Braya verticillata, W. W. Sm., (eee nov., p. 202. melina yunnanensis, W. W. ‘Sm -» Pp. 202. Cabaaienie calcicola . Sm. Pp. tee Cardamine scoriarum, W. W. Sm 203. Draba incana, Linn., var. sictorislia, W, W.-Sm.,, 200. p- Draba involucrata, W. W. Sm., p. 206. . W. -» p. 204. “Degas eee W. W. Sm., p. 205. Hydrangea subferruginea, W. W. Sm., p. 212. SELAGINEAE : Lagotis alutacea, W. W. Sm., p. 215. agotis alutacea, W. W. Sm., var. foliosa, W. W. 16. Sm, Lagotis ak la W. W. Sm., p. 216. Lagotis praecox, W. W. Sm. ee 217. Lagotis Wardii, W. W. Sm., p. 218. Lagotis yunnanensis, W. W. Sin, p. 219. “VACCINIACEAE : Agapetes megacarpa, W. W. Sm., p. 194. Vaccinium oreotrephes, W. W. Sm., p. 230. Vaccinium taliense, W. W. Sm., p. 231. Acanthopale Dalzielii, W. W. Sm. Sp. noy. Species affinis A. oligantho (Miq.) Clarke a qua foliis superiori- bus sessilibus subglabris inter alia differt ; ob formam pollinis una cum Sirobilanthe debili, Hemsl. et S. radicante, T. Anders. {in genere suo a cl. Clarke positis) collocanda. Fruticulus fortasse ad 1 m. altus ramosus ramis gracilibus ans 194 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM. flexuosis sparsim et minute pilosulis. Folia superiora tantum visa sessilia vel subsessilia, subaequalia vel valde inaequalia, majora ad 9 cm. longa, ad 4 cm. lata, minora 2-5 cm. longa, 1-2 cm. lata, ovata vel ovato-lanceolata, apice acuminata vel acuta vel rarius obtusa, basi rotundata, margine remotiuscule serrulata, in sicco membranacea, supra atroviridia lineolata glabra, infra pallidiora glabra vel ad nervos circ. 5-jugos sparsissime pilosula. Inflorescentiae terminales et ex axillis superioribus ortae 2-3 cm. longae spiciformes 2~4-florae remotiflorae ; axis sparsim albido- pilosa ; bracteae lineari-lanceolatae foliaceae ; pedicelli obsoleti vel brevissimi. Calyx circ. I cm. longus in lobos sublineares ad imum fissus, basi atque ad costulas loborum dense albo- pilosus. Corolla 4.5 cm. longa; tubus infra cylindricus supra sensim ampliatus, parte cylindrica circ. 1 cm. longa, extra minute pilosulus; lobi rotundati circ. 8 mm. diametro. Stamina perfecta 4, longiora paulo exserta; pollen echinatum. Fructus deest. China :—At Thai-yong, a mountain valley, 2000 ft. elevation, 60 miles west from Swatow. July rgor. Dr. J. M. Dalziel. MO: Fi, This species has the typical Strobilanthes habit, but has echinate pollen. Consequently, with many others noted by Clarke in King and Gamble’s Materials for Flora of Malayan Peninsula (1907), 869, it comes under his genus Acanthopale. It differs from Lindau’s Pseudostenosiphonium by the presence of 4 stamens instead of 2. See Clarke in FI. Trop. Afr., v (1900), 60, 63, under Distichocalyx and Acanthopale. Agapetes megacarpa, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov. Species quoad folia A. parviflorae, Dunn subsimilis a qua floribus magnis longe distat ; inter species regionis burmanico- chinensis calycis lobis longissimis bene notata, qui eis A. macrophyllae, Clarke sunt aequilongi. Frutex ad 6 m. altus. _ Rami crassi glabri pallide cinera- scentes. Folia sessilia vel petiolo crassissimo tantum 1-2 mm. longo suffulta ; lamina 10-17 cm. longa, 2-4 cm. lata, lanceo- lata, apice acuta vel sensim et breviter acuminata, basi angusta rotundata, integra, papyracea, utrinque opaco-viridis, glabra, infra paulo pallidior, costa media subtus eminente, nervis lateralibus multis bene reticulatis in sicco subconspicuis. Inflorescentiae (fructiferae tantum visae) axillares fasciculato- corymbosae 2-4-florae : pedunculus circ. 1 cm. longus crassus ; pedicelli in fructu 2-3 cm. longi, anguste claviformi-incrassati glabri in sicco pallide purpurascentes. Fructus subglobosus circ. II-12 mm. diametro. Calycis lobi circ. 1 cm. longi, basi 3 mm. lati, lanceolati, acuti, rubido-purpurascentes nervis fere longitudinalibus pererrati SPECIES ASIATICAE, 195 “ China :—Shweli-Salween divide, Yunnan, in open thickets. Lat. 25° 6’ N. Alt. 7000 ft. Shrub of 20 ft. Flowers creamy yellow? Calyces ruddy. April 1917.’ G. Forrest. No. 13,608. oid Arabis alpina, Linn., var. purpurea, W. W. Sm. Var. nov. Varietati rubrocalyct, Franch. simillima sed floribus saturate purpureo-roseis differt. China :—Yunnan, on the Bei-ma Shan. Lat. 28° 12’ N. Alt. 12,000 ft. Plant of 6-15 inches. Flowers deep purple-rose. On open rocks and cliffs. Junerg17.’’ G. Forrest. No. 13,977. a Arenaria barbata, Franch., var. hirsutissima, W. W. Sm. Var. nov. : A typo differt caulibus, foliis utraque facie, pedicellis, calycibus pilis longissimis albis densissime onustis. “China :—Yunnan; Eastern flank of the Lichiang Range. Lat. 27° 40’ N. Alt. II,000-12,000 ft. Plant of 6-10 inches. Flowers white or very pale rose. Dry open stony mountain meadows. Aug. 1910.” G. Forrest. No. 6299. a0 Arenaria euodonta, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov. Species affinis A. guadridentatae, Williams et A. roseiflorae, Sprague sectionis Odontostemmatis ; ab illa foliis linearibus fere glabris, floribus duplo majoribus est distinguenda ; ab hac valde affini foliis linearibus textura gramineis divergit. Planta perennis ramosa diffusa. Radix elongata fusiformis caudice squamis induto. Caules e basi ramosi, suberecti vel ascendentes, 10-35 cm. alti, pilis articulatis albidis vel — nti- bus plus minusve dense crispato-pubescentes. Folia I-2 cm. longa, circ. 1 mm. lata, linearia, apice ipso eee basi paulo dilatata, membranacea punctis elevatis notata, ad mar- gines et ad costam mediam infra plus minusve pilosula. Flores solitarii vel in cymas 3~5-floras dispositi albi vel. pallide rosei ; pedicelli ad 2.5 cm. longi pilis articulatis nigridis dense induti ; bracteae foliis similes sed triplo minores. Sepala circ. 8 mm. longa, 2.5 mm. lata, plus minusve oblonga, ciliata, extra nigrido- pilosula, interiora late scarioso-marginata. Petala circ. 1.5 cm. longa, oblanceolata, apice 2-3-dentata, alba vel pallide rosea. Stamina ro calycem paulo excedentia filamentis glabris. Ovarium oblongum 3-4 mm. longum stylis duobus circ. 4 mm. ongis munitum. “‘China:—Yunnan, Kari Pass, Mekong-Yangtze divide. Lat. 27° 40’ N. Alt. 13,000 ft. Matted plant of 9-14 inches. Flowers white. Open situations on and amongst boulders. July Ig14.”’ G. Forrest. No. 12,891. gos 196 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM. “S. E. Tibet :—On Doker-La, Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28° 20’ N. Alt. 12,000 ft. Plant of 4-8 inches. Flowers pale rose-pink. On open stony pasture and screes. Aug. IQ17.” G. Forrest. No. 14,640. The nearest relative of this species is A. roseiflora, Sprague, a plant of the Mekong-Salween divide. The flowers of the two species are extremely alike. The leaves of Forrest No. 13,225 * and Ward No. gor are thick and fleshy, and are broader than those of A. euodonta. The leaves of A. ewodonta in the dried state are thin and grass-like. The species may be an extreme form of A. roseiflora, but in the absence of intermediates I prefer to keep them separate. Arenaria inornata, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov. Species affinis’ A. roseiflorae, Sprague a qua habitu nano, calyce multo minore, corolla alba inter alia removitur. Planta perennisnana. Radices numerosae anguste fusiformi- incrassatae ; caudex squamis indutus. Caules 1-3, erecti vel suberecti, 5-6 cm. alti, pilis articulatis albidis vel fulvidis vel tandem nigrescentibus plus minusve dense pubescentes. Folia inferiora squamiformia imbricata cauli adpressa ; superiora in petiolum vix discretum late marginatum dense albo-ciliatum attenuata, I-1.3 cm. longa, 3-4 mm. lata, lanceolata vel elliptico-lanceolata, apice obtusiuscula vel subacuta, margine ciliata tandem glabrescentia, utrinque glabra vel fere glabra, tenuiter papyracea. Flores solitarii vel in cymas. trifloras dispositi albi ; pedicelli ad 1 cm. longi pilis articulatis nigridis dense induti; bracteae foliis similes. Sepala exteriora circ. 5 mm. longa, I-1.5 mm. lata, oblongo-lanceolata, obtusa, extra ad basim et ad medium et ad margines dense glanduloso- pilosula, interiora late scarioso-marginata. Petala circ. I cm. longa, obovata, apice breviter emarginata et saepius pauci- denticulata. Stamina 10 calycem paulo superantia filamentis glabris ; glandulae ut in sectione Odontostemmate. Ovarium 2 mm. longum stylis duobus circ. 4 mm. longis instructum. Fructus deest. : “China :—N.W. Yunnan, on the Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28° 12’ N. Alt. 12,000 ft. Plant of 2-3 inches. Flowers white. On boulders and ledges of cliffs. July 1917.” G. Forrest. No. 14,444. Arenaria napuligera, Franch., var. monocephala, W. W. Sm. Var. nov. Haec planta a typo differt caule simplice, floribus solitariis, stylis duobus ; inter A. napuligeram, Franch. et A. ionandram, ye = Vid. A roseifiora, Sprague in Kew Bull. (1916), 33- SPECIES ASIATICAE. 197 Diels intermedia esse videtur ; ab A. ionandra floribus solitariis, calyce pilosulo differt. . “S.E. Tibet :—At Ka-gwr-pw temple, near the Yunnan frontier ; in Alpine turf on precipices. Alt. 15,500 ft. July 1913.” F.K. Ward. No. 814. This appears to be an extreme alpine form of A. napuiligera, Franch. The presence of two styles instead of three may, however, be a fundamental difference. In his description of A. ionandra, Diels * points out that his species is closely related to A. napuligera, differing in the glabrous sepals and two styles. Further material from Yunnan tends to bridge the gap between the two species. Thus in Forrest No. 6192 the two species appear on the same sheet, collected together in the Lichiang Range. I find a transition in the hairiness of the calyx and in the number of styles. Specimens with solitary flowers occur in the same gathering. g001 Arenaria oresbia, W. W.5m. Sp. nov. Species inter himalaicas et chinenses affines bene distincta ; quoad habitum foliaque haud remota ab 4. lichiangenst, W. W. Sm. a qua pedunculis elongatis foliatis atque floribus multo majoribus longe recedit. Planta densissime pulvinata glebam 7-8 cm. diametro formans. Caudex lignosus polycephalus, foliorum reliquiis densissime indutus. Cauliculorum sterilium pars viridis brevis- sima, pars hypogaea praelonga foliis emarcidis induta; caules floriferi ad 10 cm. longi erecti flexuosi foliorum paribus 3-4 remotis muniti, plus minusve dense fulvido-pubescentes. Folia basalia dense conferta, 10-15 mm. longa, I-I.5 mm. lata, linearia, pungentia, rigida, glabra, margine albido-marginata et indurata et minute asperulata ; folia caulina inferiora basalibus similia, superiora circ. 1 cm. longa, dorso pubescentia, margine molliter et dense ciliata. Flores solitarii albi subnutantes ; pedicelli circ. 1 cm. longi dense fulvido-pubescentes. Calyx basi rotun- datus vix incrassatus; sepala 6—7 mm. longa, 3-5 mm. lata, ovata vel ovato-lanceolata, apice rotundata, pubescentia et margine dense atque molliter ciliata, ultimo subglabra vel glabra. Petala 13-15 mm. longa, late obovata, vulgo integra. Stamina 10 calycem aequantia glandulis alternantia. Ovarium ovoideum subnitens stylis tribus brevibus coronatum. Capsula matura calycem paulo superans , semina desunt. “ China :—-Yunnan, mountains of the Chungtien plateau, S.E. of Chungtien. Lat. 27° 55’ N. Alt. 11,000-12,000 ft. _ Cushion plant of 2-5 inches. Flowers white. Ledges and crevices of limestone cliffs. July 1913.” G. Forrest. No. 10,459. * Dicls in Notes R.B.G., Edin., v (1912), 182. Bee aor 198 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM. A very beautiful species akin to A. lichiangensis, W. W. Sm., and to A. Przewalskii, Maxim. Its habit recalls that of a large- flowered cushion saxifrage. Arenaria pogonantha, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov. Species affinis A. barbatae, Franch. a qua habitu nano multicauli, caulibus simplicibus, foliis multo minoribus dense fulvo-hirsutis, inflorescentiis paucifloris est diversa. - Planta perennis multicaulis. Radix anguste fusiformis apice squamis induta. Caulis erecti vel suberecti, flexuosi, 7-15 cm. alti, pilis longis articulatis glandulosis fulvidis et nigrescentibus dense induti. Folia basalia desunt; caulina circ. 5 mm. longa, circ. 3 mm. lata, ovata vel ovato-lanceolata, apice obtusiuscula, basi in petiolum 1-2 mm. longum attenuata, integra, textura firma, utraque facie et ad margines pilis longis fulvidis hirsuta, utrinque punctis minutis asperulata. Inflorescentiae 1-3-florae ; flores albi ; pedicelli ad 2.5 cm. longi hirsuti; bracteae foliaceae 2-3 mm. longae. Sepala circ. 4 mm. longa, ovata, apice obtusa, margine scariosa, dorso pilis fulvidis dense hirsuta. Petala 7-8 mm. longa, late obovata, margine multidenticulata. Stamina to, calycem paulo excedentia filamentis glabris. Ovarium ovoideum circ. 3 mm. longum stylis duobus 2.5 mm. longis munitum. “ China :—Yunnan, on the western flank of the Shweli- Salween divide. Lat. 25° 20’.N. Alt. 10,000 ft. Plant of 3-5 inches. Flowers creamy white. Stony pasture and on rocks. Aug. 1912.” G. Forrest. No. 8935. Arenaria xerophila, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov. Species affinis A. longistylae, Franch. a qua radice tuberosa, foliis majoribus acutis nec apiculatis, sepalis vix apiculatis inter alia divergit ; ab A. linearifolia, Franch. foliis diversis recognoscitur ; ab A. szechuensi, Williams foliis multo majoribus, petalis calycem aequantibus inter alia differt, | Planta perennis ramosa diffusa. Radix tubercula fusiformia plura producens. Caules a basi ramosi ramulis pseudo-dichotome patentibus suberecti vel ascendentes, 7-20 cm. alti, plus minusve albido-pilosuli, tarde glabrescentes. Folia 1.5-3.5 cm. longa, 4-8 mm. lata, oblanceolata, apice acuta sed haud apiculata basi in petiolum vix discretum attenuata, breviter connata, integra, textura fir ma subpapyracea, utrinque subglauca, glabra nisi ad basim sparsim pilosulam, utraque facie punctis parvis notata. Flores in cymas laxissimas paucifloras dispositi vel rarius sub- solitarii, albi ; pedicelli ad 3 cm. longi dense pilosuli; bracteae foliis subsimiles sed multo minores. Sepala circ. 6 mm. longa, — _ ovato-lanceolata, obtusa, basi dense pilosula, medio viridia, 5 <9 SPECIES ASIATICAE. 199 costula ipsa tantum pilosula, marginibus late scariosa sparsim ciliolata. Petala circ. 8 mm. longa, late obovata, apice rotundata integra. Stamina 10 calycem subaequantia filamentis glabris. Ovarium fere globosum stylis duobus 4—5 mm. longis praeditum. ‘‘ China :—Yunnan, in the mountains in the N.E. of the Yangtze bend. Lat. 27° 45’ N. Alt. 10,000 ft. Plant of 3-4 inches. Flowers white. Limy pasture and ledges of limestone cliffs. Sept. 1913.’”’ G. Forrest. No. 10,998. “ China :—N.W. Yunnan, in the A-tun-tsu valley. Lat. 28° 28’ N. Alt. 11,000 ft. Plant of 4-8inches. Flowers white. Open dry pasture. Aug. 1914.’’ G. Forrest. No. 13,210. Berberis concolor, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov. Species valde affinis B. Vernae, Schneider, a qua foltis con- coloribus magis coriaceis, floribus duplo majoribus recedit. Frutex 1-2 m. altus compactus. Ramuli glabri teretes vel subteretes, cinerascentes, lenticellis nigris sparsis notati ; inter- nodia 1-2 cm. longa; spinae simplices 1-1.5 cm. longae gracil- limae flavescentes. Folia 5~10-fasciculata, in eodem fasci- culo saepe inaequalia, in petiolum brevem attenuata, I-2 cm. longa, 3-5 mm. lata, plerumque oblanceolata, apice rotundata vel obtusa breviter mucronata, basi cuneata, margine integra, tenuiter coriacea, concoloria, laxe reticulata nervis utrinque eminentibus. Inflorescentiae densiflorae graciles cum pedunculo ad 1.5 cm. longo ad 4 cm. longae, plus minusve nutantes, glabrae ; flores lutei sat magni, complanati 7-8 mm. diametro ; pedicelli ad 7 mm. longi gracillimi, basi bracteis subulatis instruct. Sepala exteriora late ovata obtusa circ. 3 mm. longa ; interiora obovata circ. 5 mm. longa. Petala 4 mm. longa, obovata, apice incisa, basi breviter unguiculata, glandulis normalibus praedita. Stamina circ. 3mm. longa. Ovarium cum stylo brevi circ. 3 mm. longum, ovulis duobus. Fructus deest. “China :—N.W. Yunnan; Tung-chu-ling, 10,000 ft. and A-tun-tsu, 12,000 ft. In the shrub belt on dry exposed hill- sides. Compact bush of 4-6 ft. loaded with flowers in full bloom. May 31st, 1913.”’ F. K. Ward. No. 315. The following is a variety with obovate leaves about 18 mm. long, 9 mm. broad, occasionally with one or two teeth on the margin :— “B® Tibet :-—At Doker-la in the shrub belt at 13,000 ft. July 1913.” F. K. Ward. No. 707. . . This very floriferous little species of the Sinensis group 1s closely allied to B. Poiretii, Schneider, andto B ; Vernae, Schneider. Of these it comes nearest to B. Vernae, which has very small flowers. The variety with the broader leaves but quite similar inflorescence and flower-structure approaches B. aggvegata, “8 200 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM. Schneider, which has fine hairs on the young shoots and peduncles. Ctl Berberis favosa, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov. sy Species affinis B. subcaulialataec, Schneider et B. Stapfianae, Schneider a quibus habitu nano prostrato, inflorescentiis pauci- floris inter alia divergit. Fruticulus nanus prostratus vix 30 cm. altus ramosus ; ramuli juniores angulati glabri vel hic illic minutissime puberuli, vetustiores cinerascentes ; spinae trifidae graciles circ. I. cm. longae. Folia in petiolum brevissimum attenuata, subpersis- tentia, papyracea, 5-12-fasciculata, 1-2 cm. longa, 3-4 mm. lata, oblanceolata, apice subobtusa et mucronata vel acuta vel subrotundata et fere emucronata vel nonnunquam late tri- cuspidata, basi cuneata, margine integra paulo revoluta, supra viridia, subtus paulo pruinosa, papillosa, utrinque favoso- reticulata costa media inter rugas indistinctissima. Inflore- scentiae foliis breviores 1~7-florae, breviter fasciculato-race- mosae ; pedicelli 4-8 mm. longi, rubidi, basi bracteis squami- formibus apiculatis circ. 1 mm. longis muniti. Flores flavidi 3-4mm.diametro. Sepala exteriora late ovata 2-3 mm. longa, interiora late elliptica vel suborbicularia 4.5 mm.longa. Petala obovata circ. 4 mm. longa, apice breviter emarginata, basi breviter unguiculata, glandulifera. Stamina circ. 3 mm. longa. Ovarium 3 mm. longum ovulis tribus. Fructus deest. “Upper Burma :—Hpimaw, in open situations on ridge amongst boulders at 7000 ft. ; a prostrate dwarf shrub rising less than a foot from the limestone rock over which its long branches trail. August 1914.” F. K. Ward. No. 1852. Of the now numerous and closely allied species of this group, the above comes nearest to B. Stapfiana, Schneider. ) Berberis replicata, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov. Species valde affinis B. sanguineae, Franch. a qua foliis multo minoribus revolutis inter alia divergit. Frutex 1-1.5m.altus. Ramuli juniores glabri teretes pallido- flavidi, vetustiores cinerei; internodia 1. 5-2.5 longa; spinae 3-fidae I-1.5 cm. longae pallido-flavidae. Folia 3-5-fasciculata, in petiolum brevissimum contracta, 2-3.5 cm. longa, 3-5 mm. lata, lineari-lanceolata, apice acuta longiuscule mucronata, basi cuneata, margine spinis (1-6 paribus) circ. 1 mm. longis praedita, saepe espinosa, ita revoluta ut spinae saepe difficules visu sint, Supra Opaco-viridia costa media multo impressa nervatione obscura, infra pruinosa costa media eminente straminea nervis lateralibus subobsoletis. Flores 2-8-fasciculati, complanati circ. 7 mm. diametro aurei ;_pedicelli I~I.3 cm. longi graciles rubridi SPECIES ASIATICAE, 20T basi bracteis late triangularibus acuminatis muniti. Sepala exteriora late ovata circ. 3 mm. longa, late pellucido-marginata, in sicco saepe medio sanguinea, interiora suborbicularia circ. 4 mm. diametro margine pellucida. Petala vix 4 mm. longa, late obovata, apice emarginata, basi breviter unguiculata glandu- ligera. Stamina ad sinum petalorum attingentia. Ovarium ovulis 2 praeditum, stylo brevissimo, stigmate latiusculo. Fructus ovatus circ. 5 mm. longus, 4 mm. latus, kermesinus vel scarlatinus. tandem fere niger ; semina I-2. China :—W. Yunnan, Ma-chang-kai valley, north of Teng-yueh. Lat. 25° 20’N. Alt. 6000-7000 ft. Spinous shrub of 5 ft. Flowers golden yellow. Rocky open situations. Feb. 1913.’’ G. Forrest. No. 9545. ‘‘ Ma-chang-kai valley. Lat. 25° 30’ N. Alt. 7ooo—8o000 ft. Spinous shrub of 4 ft. Fruits dark crimson, almost black. Open situations amongst scrub. Dec. 1912.’ G. Forrest. No. 9547. “Tava bed west of Teng-yueh, Yunnan. Lat. 25° N. Alt. 5000 ft. Spinous shrub of 3-4 ft. In fruit. Fruits crimson Open situations amongst scrub. May 1912.” G. Forrest. No. 7785. ‘Hills to the north-east of Teng-yueh. Lat. 25° 10’ N. Alt. 6000-7000 ft. Spinous shrub of 2-4 ft. In fruit. Fruits . scarlet. Open situations amongst serub. july’ 1612.” .G. Forrest. No. 8782. __ ** Shweli-Salween divide, Yunnan. Lat. 25° "302 ND CAR. 11,000 ft. Spinous shrub of 4-5 ft. In fruit. Fruits deep crimson. Inopenscrub. Oct.1917.” G. Forrest. No. 16,030. This new species is closely allied to B. sanguinea, Franch. in appearance and in structure of flower. The smaller leaves are strongly revolute, so much so that, viewed from above, the teeth of the margin are not visible. Forrest collected the plant four times in the area round Teng-yueh. I do not find it matched in any collections from the rest of Yunnan. 5405 Braya heterophylla, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov. Species habitu B. alpinae, Sternb. et Hoppe ; foliis radi- calibus longe et graciliter petiolatis, foliis caulinis subnumerosis oblongis, petalis minimis, fructu glabro inter alia bene notata. — Planta 7-15 cm. alta erecta perennis. Radix fusiformi- incrassata multiceps. Caules 2-5, pro genere bene foliati, glabri. Folia basalia et caulina infima petiolo 1.5-3 cm. longo gracillimo basi vaginante suffulta; lamina 6-12 mm. longa, 5-8 mm. lata, late elliptica vel subcordiformis, obtusa, basi plus minusve rotundata, membranacea glabra ; folia caulina superiora 4-8, circ. 1.5 cm. longa, 3-4 mm. lata, oblonga vel oblongo- 202 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM. lanceolata, obtusiuscula, sessilia. Inflorescentia capitato-corym- bosa 20-24-flora, ebracteata. Sepala circ. 2 mm. longa, oblonga, obtusa, atroviridia, margine pergamentacea, glabra. Petala circ. 2 mm. longa, spathulata, albida. Stamina edentula libera. Siliqua vix matura lineari-oblonga, circ. 8 mm. longa, paulo curvata glabra, stylo brevi, stigmate capitato, seminibus 4-6, septo deficiente. “ China :—On the Bei-ma Shan, Yunnan, on ledges of cliffs and humus-covered boulders. Lat. 28° 12’ N. Alt. 14,000 ft. Plant of 3-6 inches. Flowers white. July-1917.”’ G. Forrest. No. 14,385. coo Braya verticillata, W. W.Sm. Comb. nov. aft f Clay Cardamine ? verticillata, Jeffrey et W. W. Sm. in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., viii (1913), 120. “ China :—N.W. Yunnan, near A-tun-tsu, at an altitude of 15,000 ft. July rg1x.”’ F.K. Ward. No. te “On the Bei-ma Shan, Yunnan, on open stony moorland. bat. 28° 12’ N..> Alt. 15,000 ft. Plant of 1-2 inches. Flowers white, fragrant. June 1g17.”’ G. Forrest. No. 13,968. “ Tibet :—Tsarong, on the Ka-gwr-pw, Mekong-Salween divide, on screes and ledges of cliffs. Lat. 28° 25’ N.. Alt. 14,000-15,000 ft. Plant of 3-4 inches. Flowers white or pale rose-lavender ; fragrant. July 1917.” G. Forrest. No. 14,490. The material now available has immature fruits which show that the plant cannot be placed in Cardamine, and that it is congeneric with Braya sinensis, Hemsl. and B. uniflora, Hook. f. et Thoms, Camelina yunnanensis, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov. Species affinis C. albiflorae, Boiss, et C. microcarpae, Andrz. ; foliis plus minusve incisis, floribus minoribus laete flavis notata. Planta 30-60 cm. alta, annua, pilosa. Caulis bene foliatus pilis albidis praesertim ad partem inferiorem plus minusve dense indutus. Folia batalia*. ..:*- caulina inferiora’ circ. 5° cm. longa, 1 cm. lata, ambitu lanceolata, runcinato-incisa, lobo terminali denticulato circ. 3 cm. longo, acuta, basi cordato- auriculata, membranacea, supra pilis albidis conspersa, infra ad costam densissime pilosa, ceteroquin mediocriter pilis praedita ; caulina superiora 3-4 cm. longa, 3-4 mm. lata, lanceolato- linearia vel linearia, acuminata, cordato-auriculata, grossiuscule denticulata. Racemi circ. 6 cm. longi multiflori inflorescentiam paniculatam circ. 20 cm. longam formantes. Flores parvi. Sepala circ. 1.5 mm. longa, cymbiformia obtusa pallido-flava. _ Petala spathulata circ. 1 mm. longa laete flava. Stamina 1.5 SPECIES ASIATICAE. 203 mm. longa. Ovarium 1.5 mm. longum ovoideum stylo 0.5 mm. longo. Capsula immatura. “* China :—Sung-kwei valley, Yunnan, in dry open pasture. Lat. 26° 15’ N. Alt. 6000 ft. Plant of 1-2 ft. Flowers bright yellow. May 1917.” G. Forrest. No. 13,776. The above appears to be the first species of Camelina recorded from China. 53 (05 Cardamine calcicola, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov. Species habitu C. pratensis, Linn. et in conspectu Schul- ziano* prope eam speciem ponenda sed foliis radicalibus sim- plicibus praedita; affinitas vera est fortasse cum C. imsignt, O. E. Schulz sociisque ejus sed foliis caulinis bijugis divergit. Rhizoma caespitosum. Caulis 15-30 cm. longus, erectus, - simplex, remote 2-4-folius, pilis patentibus incanis subsparsim indutus. Folia radicalia circ. 10, petiolo ad Io cm. longo sparsim incano praedita, simplicia, reniformia, circ. 2 cm. longa, circ. 2.5 cm. lata, antice crenis latis circ. 7-crenata, basi alte cor- data, papyracea, utrinque subconcoloria vel nonnunquam infra rubescentia, supra glabra vel subglabra papillosa, infra ad nervos sparsim albido-pilosa ; folia caulina 2-4, petiolo 1-2 cm. longo pilosulo praedita, bijuga, 2-2.5 cm. longa et lata; foliola 1 cm. paulo excedentia, vulgo 5-8 mm. lata, vix vel breviter petiolu- lata, obovata, integra vel supra medium dentibus duobus praedita, supra glabra vel sparsim pilosula, infra pilosuliora ; foliolum terminale sessile, lateralibus paulo majus. Racemus (in fructu) circ. 10 cm. longus, I 5-20-florus, ebracteatus, sparsim pilosulus. Pedicelli fructiferi ad 1.5 cm. longi, fere erecti, Siliquae suberectae, ad attenuatae ; stramineae vel violaceae. lata, oblongo-ovalia, brunnea. ; “ China :—Yunnan, mountains in the N.E. of the Yangtze bend. Lat. 27° 45’ N. Alt. 11,000-12,000 ft. Plant of 6-12 inches. In fruit. Crevices of limestone cliffs. July 1913.” G. Forrest. No. 10,471. 64.0 Cardamine scoriarum, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov. Species haec quoad habitum C. macrophyllam, Willd. in mentem vocat sed foliis trifoliolatis divergit; im conspectu Schulziano f in vicinitatem C. fragaritfoliae, O. E. Schulz ponenda sed affinitas est cum C. macrophylla, Willd. Radix descendens incrassata. Caulis 30-90 cm. altus, erectus, simplex vel superne * Engl. Bot. Jahrb., xxxii (1902), P- 337+ t Ibid., 334. 204 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM. pauciramosus, remotiuscule 10—20-folius, foliis inferioribus vulgo delapsis, glaber vel subglaber. Folia radicalia et inferiora desunt ; superiora petiolo ad 5 cm. longo alato sparsim albo- pilosulo praedita, trifoliolata ; raro foliolum quartum in medio petiolo additum ; foliola subaequalia, petiolulo 2-3 mm. longo pilosulo instructa, anguste ovata, circ. 6 cm. longa, circ. 3 cm. lata, apice acuta vel subacuminata, basi in petiolulum cuneata, margine subalte serrata, serraturis apiculatis, in sicco mem- branacea, utrinque plus minusve setaceo-pilosula. Racemus florifer corymbosus, deinde elongatus, 20-30-florus. Pedicelli floriferi inferiores circ. I cm. longi minute et sparsim pilosuli. Flores 8-10 mm. longi. Sepala 4 mm. longa, 2 mm. lata, oblonga, obtusa. Petala pallide rosea, obovata, ungue 2-3 mm. instructa, vix emarginata. Stamina longiora ad 5 mm. longa antheris I mm. longis. Ovarium cylindricum ad 4 mm. longum glabrum ; stigma stylo latius. Fructus maturus deest. “ China :—Yunnan; flank of volcanic mountain to north-- west of Teng-yueh. Lat. 25° 10’ N. Alt. 7ooo ft. Plant. of 2-3 ft. Flowers pale rose. Moist shady situations in thickets. June 1912.’’ G, Forrest. No. 8201, “Yunnan; divide between the Shweli and Teng-yueh valleys. Lat. 25° N. Alt. 6000-7000 ft. Plant of 1-24 ft. Flowers pale magenta-rose. Moist shady situations on the margins of thickets. May 1912.” G. Forrest. No. 7947. 1199 Deutzia dumicola, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov. Species affinis D. asperae, Rehder et D. discolori, Hemsl. ; ramulis asperatis, foliis parvis acutis haud acuminatis pauci- nervatis breviter petiolatis notata. Frutex ad 2 m. altus ; ramuli graciles hornotini et annotini pilis stellatis densis asperati. Folia petiolo 1-2 mm. longo dense stellato-piloso suffulta; lamina 15-25 mm. longa, 8-18 mm. lata, ovata vel ovato-lanceolata, apice plus minusve acutata, basi rotundata vel late cuneata, margine serrulata, membranacea, utrinque tactu scabridula, supra opaco-viridis pilis stellatis 4-7-tadiatis densiuscule conspersa, subtus vix pallidior pilis 5—I0-radiatis subdense conspersa, nervis 3-4 paribus. Cymae pauciflorae, plerumque 3-5-florae, ramulos breves e ramo longo virgato ortos terminantes, sessiles vel breviter pedunculatae ; pedicelli ad 5 mm. longi, pilis stellatis asperati. Calyx circ. 3 mm. longus, dentibus triangulari-lanceolatis tubum aequanti- bus vel paululo brevioribus, crustaceo-stellato-pilosus. Petala 6-7 mm. longa, oblonga, alba, extra stellato-pilosa. Stamina ayeeks fere dimidio breviora, filamentis exterioribus apice biden- _tatis antheram vix superantibus, interioribus apice bifidis ace as SPECIES ASIATICAE, 205 antheram circa medium affixam gerentibus. Styli 4-5 stamini- bus paulo breviores. Fructus deest. “ China :—Yangpi valley, Yunnan, in open scrub, Lat. 25° 257 N. Alt. 5000 ft. Shrub of 4-6 ft. Flowers white. April 1917. G. Forrest. No. 13,702. '“ Yangpi valley, on rocks amidst scrub. Lat. 25° 40’ N. Alt. 6000-7000 ft. Shrub of 4-6 ft. Flowers white. May Ig13. G. Forrest. No. ggo4. “ Hsia-kuan valley, Yunnan, in open scrub. Lat. 25° 40’ N. Alt. 5000-6000 ft. Shrub of 4-6 ft. Flowers white. April 19g14.”’ G. Forrest. No. 12 1359: The affinity of this species is possibly with D. Monbeigit, W. W. Sm., and members of the subsection Cymosae of Rehder. yy? Deutzia Monbeigii, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov. Species affinis D. stamineae, Br. a qua foliis atque calycis lobis differt ; apud species chinenses in vicinitatem D. coriaceac, Rehder et D. crasstfoliae, Rehder ponenda ; foliis parvis ovatis vel ovato-lanceolatis subtus albidis crustaceo-stellato-pilosis bene notata. Frutex 1-1.5 m. altus ramulis gracilibus hornotinis rufo- brunneis densiuscule stellato-pilosis, annotinis rubidis, vetustis cinerascentibus. Folia petiolo circ. 2 mm. longo dense stellato- piloso instructa ; lamina plerumque 14-18 mm. longa, 7-8 mm. lata, ovata vel ‘ovato-lanceolata, apice obtusa vel subacutata haud acuminata, basi rotundata vel late cuneata, margine minute denticulata, subcoriacea utrinque tactu scabridula, supra opaco-viridis pilis 5—8-radiatis densiuscule induta, infra indumento albido crustaceo pilis 12—-14-radiatis composito dense obtecta, utrinsecus 3—4-costata. Cyma 5~—12-flora, plerumque circ. 7-flora, breviter pedunculata vel fere sessilis axibus rufo- brunneis stellato-pilosis ; pedicelli graciles tubum calycis super- antes vel subaequantes. Calyx circ. 3 mm. longus crustaceo- Stellato-pilosus, dentibus circ. I mm. longis triangularibus. Petala circ. g-10 mm. longa, circ. 4 mm. lata, oblonga vel obovata, alba, extra stellato-pilosa, aestivatione valvata. Stamina circ. 5 mm. longa; dentes exteriorum ad basim antherarum attin- gentes; dentes interiorum antheris breviores. Styli 3-4 stamina fere aequantes. Fructus (si planta Forrestiana huc recte allo- cata) subglobosus, circ. 3 mm. longus, 2.5 mm. latus, crustaceo- stellato-pilosus, calycis dentibus persistentibus. China :—Tseku, N.W. Yunnan. May.” Monbeig. No. 7 (1912), in Herb. Edin. “Wei Hsi valley, Yunnan, in open scrub. Lat. 27° 18’ N. Alt. 10,000 ft. Shrub of 3-5 ft. In fruit. Nov. 1917.” G. Forrest. No. 15,631. B 206 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM. cen Draba incana, Linn., var. microphylla, W. W.Sm. Var. nov. oul Habitu gracillimo, foliis caulinis circ. 5 mm. longis integris, ovario glabro bene notata. Planta circ. 12 cm. alta caulibus subflexuosis. “ E. Tibet :—On rocks at 13,000 ft. near Ka-gwr-pw Temple, . close to Chinese frontier. July 1913.’ F.K. Ward. No. 885. Draba involucrata, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov. Draba alpina, Linn., var. involucrata, W. W. Sm., in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., viii (1913), 121. Species affinis D. alpinae, Linn. a qua habitu, stylo longius- culo, fructu diverso recedit. Planta 2.5-7.5 cm. alta dense caespitosa. Caules numerosi caespitem densum formantes multo intertexti pro maxima parte subhypogaei vaginis emarcidis albidis induti. Folia eis D. alpinae subsimilia, 3-8 mm. longa, circ. 3 mm. lata, oblanceolata vel obovata, pilis furcatis et stellatis conspersa vel longiuscule ciliata vel tandem glabra. Inflorescentia plerumque 3-5-flora 2 cm. raro superans ; scapus aphyllus pilis furcatis plus minusve dense obsitus ; pedicelli inferiores 4-5 mm. longi. Sepala circ. 2 mm. longa elliptica obtusa glabra vel dorso pilis furcatis conspersa pallide viridia. Petala 4-5 mm. longa obovata emarginata laete aurea. Ovarium ovatum glabrum_stylo longiusculo nonnunquam ovarium subaequante. Fructus ellipti- cus circ. 9 mm. longus, 4 mm. latus, stylo circ. 2 mm. longo coronatus, saepe semitortus, glaber, nitenti-viridis; semina vulgo 4-8. : “ China :—Eastern flank of the Lichiang Range, Yunnan, in crevices and edges of moist limestone cliffs. Lat. 27° 25" N. Alt. I1,000-12,000 ft. Tufted plant of 1-3 inches. Flowers bright golden yellow. June 1910." G, Forrest. No. 5732. “ Western flank of the Lichiang Range, in crevices of lime- stone cliffs. Lat. 27° 20’ N. Alt. 12,000 ft. Plant of 1-2 inches. Flowers yellow. June 1910.” G. Forrest. No. 5829. “ Eastern flank of the Lichiang Range, on boulders and lime- stone drift. Lat. 27° 40’ N. Alt. 15,000-16,000 ft. Matted plant of 1 inch. Flowers golden yellow. July roro.” G. Forrest. No. 6138. “ A-tun-tsu, N.W. Yunnan, 15,000-16,000 ft. An alpine grassland plant growing among dwarf rhododendrons. July aOst." FO K. Ward No: 38: “ Ka-gwr-pw, S.E. Tibet, on rocks and screes at 16,000 ft. July 1913.”. F. K. Ward. No. 823. _ “On the Bei-ma Shan, Yunnan, in open moist rocky pasture. hat. 28° £2" N.. Alt. 15.000 ft Semi-cushion plant of 1 inch. SPECIES ASIATICAE. 207 Flowers deep golden yellow, fragrant.. June 1917.”” G. Forrest. No. 13,969 “ Mekong-Salween divide, Yunnan, on open cliffs and moist stony pasture. Lat. 28° 20’ N. Alt. 14,000 ft. Matted plant of 1-2 inches. Flowers deep orange-yellow. July 1917.” G. Forrest. No. 14,086 “On the Bei-ma Shan, Yunnan, in open moist stony pasture and on boulders and cliffs. Lat. 28° 12’ N. Alt. 13,000 ft. Matted plant of 1-2 inches. Infruit. Aug. 1917.’ G. Forrest. No. 14,669. Also Aug. 1917. G. Forrest. No. 15,167. The following appears to be a form of the above, with more pilose scapes and a dark green calyx :— ““ Mekong-Salween divide, Yunnan, in open stony pasture and on ledges of cliffs. Lat. 28° 12’ N. Alt. 14,000 ft. Plant of1~2inches. Flowers golden yellow. July r1o17.’’ G. Forrest. No. 14,360. The earlier specimens were at first placed under D. alpina, Linn., but with additional material including fruit now available, it is preferable to give the plant specific rank. It is very different in its low caespitose habit, its long style, and twisted shining fruit. It is possibly the same as D. alpina, Linn., var. letophylla, Franch, (Plant. Delav., p. 59), which I have not seen. ott Draba jucunda, W. W. Sm, Sp, nov. Species affinis D. involucratae, W. W. Sm. a qua floribus majoribus, stylo longiore, ovario oblongo dense albo-setosulo differt. Planta 3-10 cm. alta dense caespitosa radice fusiformi multi- cipite praedita. Caules numerosi caespitem densum formantes multo intertexti pro maxima parte subhypogaei ; caules steriles breves bene foliati; caules floriferi scapiformes aphylli pilis furcatis albidis dense obsiti. Folia eis D. involucratae subsimilia, 4-10 cm. longa, 3-4 mm. lata, oblanceolata vel plus minusve elliptica, obtusa, membranacea, utrinque et ad margines pilis furcatis plus minusve conspersa. Inflorescentia corymboso- racemosa 2~10-flora, floribus inferioribus saepe subremotis, pedicellis 2-7 mm. longis pilosulis. Sepala 3-4 mm. longa, cymbiformia, obtusa, viridia, margine submembranacea, dorso pilis furcatis conspersa. Petala circ. 7 mm. longa, anguste obovata, breviter emarginata, laete flava. Ovarium oblongum pilis setaceis dense indutum stylo longiusculo coronatum. Fructus vix maturus circ. 4.5 mm. longus pilis persistentibus. S Ciia NW. Yunnan 16x39." °F. KB: ‘Ward. -No. 1023A. ‘““Mekong-Salween divide, Yunnan, in open stony pasture 208 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM. and on boulders. Lat. 28° 12’ N. Alt. 13,000 ft. Matted plant of 3-4 inches, Flowers bright yellow. July 1017.” G. Forrest. No. 14,298. “On the Bei-ma Shan, Yunnan, on open stony pasture and cliffs. Lat. 28° 12’ N. Alt. 14,000 ft. Matted plant of 1-2 inches. Flowers bright yellow. July 1917.’ G. Forrest. No. 14,495. A densely caespitose plant with a wealth of bright yellow flowers ; it is closely allied to the preceding species and to A. alpina, Linn. Draba lichiangensis, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov. Species affinis D. tibeticae, Hook. f. et Thoms. a qua foliis multo minus tomentosis et fructibus ovoideis glabris recedit. Planta pusilla caespitosa 2-5 cm. alta ; pars glebae inferior e caulibus vetustis intertextis composita petiolis emarcidis nigri- cantibusque dense induta, unde rosulae foliorum radicalium oriuntur. Folia radicalia 4~7 mm. longa, 1-2 mm. lata, oblanceo- lata vel spathulata, apice obtusa vel subacuta, basi in petiolum vix discretum attenuata, integra vel paucidentata, membranacea, utrinque densiuscule stellato-incana; costa media obscura. Seapi breves aphylli vel ad basim inflorescentiae bracteis foliaceis 1~2 instructi. Inflorescentiae 5-10-florae floribus primo subcapitato-agegregatis. Sepala oblonga circ. 1.5 mm. longa, atroviridia, pilis stellatis et-furcatis plus minusve conspersa. Petala oblanceolata vel obovata, sepalis fere duplo longiora, alba. Ovarium ovoideum glabrum stylo brevi instructum. Fructus maturus ovoideus circ. 3 mm. longus, 2.5 mm. latus. — Draba tibetica, Diels nec Hook. et Thoms. in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard., vii (1912), 104. “ China :—Yunnan, western flank of the Lichiang Range. Lat. 27° 20'N. Alt. 13,000 ft. Plant of 1-2inches. Flowers white. Crevices of limestone cliffs. May 1gto.”’ G. Forrest. No. 5698. _ “ Eastern flank of the Lichiang Range. Lat. 27° 30’ N. Alt. 14,000-15,000 ft. Plant of 1-2 inches, Flowers white. Crevices of limestone boulders. July rg10.”’ G. Forrest. No. 6099. Also No. 2177. ‘“ Mekong-Salween divide. Lat. 28° 12’ N. Alt. 13,000 ft. Tufted plant of 1-2 inches. Flowers white. On stony moist meadows. July 1917.” G. Forrest. No. 14,282. cop. Draba modesta, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov. Species ex affinitate D. rupestris, R. Br. a qua inflorescentia _ congesta foliis caulinis superioribus involucrata, ovario glabro _ inter alia differt. | SPECIES ASIATICAE. 209 Planta nana in specimine nostro circ. 3 cm. alta, radice fusi- formi praedita, ad collum foliis petiolisque emarcidis induta. Caules 2~3 cm. alti, plures, debiles, suberecti, in parte superiore 2—3-foliati, infra nudi, plus minusve dense albido-patenti-pilosi. Folia radicalia rosulata cum petiolo vix discreto alato ad 2.5 cm. longa, circ. 5 mm. lata, anguste oblanceolata, vel subspathu- lata, apice acutata, basi cuneata, integra vel dentibus 1I—2 in- structa, membranacea, pilis simplicibus et bifurcatis utrinque sparsiuscule et longiuscule pilosa; costa media conspicua straminea ; folia caulina radicalibus subsimilia sed sessilia, paulo breviora, vulgo 2-3, inflorescentiam congestam superantia et quasi-involucrantia. Inflorescentia 5-10-flora. Sepala circ. 1.5 mm. longa, ovalia, obtusa, glabra vel pilis perpaucis instructa, Petala 2-2.5 mm. longa, anguste obovata vel oblanceolata, alba. Ovarium glabrum stylo brevi instructum. Fructus immaturus oblongus. — “ China :—N.W. Yunnan at A-tun-tsu, on rocks and screes at 15,000 ft. August 1913.” F. K. Ward. Nos. 943, 737. gl Draba oreodoxa, W. W. Sm. 5p. nov. Species inter congeneres occidentali-chinenses distinctissima ; flores D. surculosam, Franch. et D. yunnanensem, Franch. in mentem vocant sed plantae habitus omnino diversus est. Planta circ. 5-10 cm. alta caespitosa radice fusiformi prae- dita. Caules numerosi (ad 12 in nostra scheda) flexiles basi sub- decumbentes, supra erectiusculi, pilis simplicibus et furcatis et stellatis bene induti. Folia radicalia dense rosulata 1 cm. longa vel paulo ultra, circ. 4 mm. lata, oblanceolata vel spathulata vel oblonga, apice rotundata vel obtusa, basi in petiolum indis- tinctum attenuata, integra vel obscure denticulata, tenuiter papyracea, undique pilis furcatis stellatisque plus minusve in- structi: costa media obscura; folia caulina plerumque 3-5, ovata vel ovato-lanceolata, sessilia, basi rotundata, vulgo dis- tincte denticulata, quoad magnitudinem et indumentum radi- calibus similia. Inflorescentiae 10~-15-florae, corymboso-race- mosae, rhachi pedicellisque pilosulis ; flores infimi foliis superion- bus 1-2 bracteati; pedicelli floribus paulo longiores. Flores pro planta magni aureo-flavi. Sepala ovata vel ovalia circ. 2.5 mm. longa, medio viridia, marginibus pallido-flava, extra pilis furcatis conspersa. Petala 6-7 mm. longa, late obovata, emargi- hata, glabra. Fructus immaturus ovoideus circ. 2.5 mm. longus, 2 mm. latus, glaber, stylo I mm. longo terminatus. “ China :—-Yunnan, on the eastern flank of the Lichiang Range. Lat. 27° 30’ N. Alt. 13,000 ft. Plant of 2-4 inches. Flowers golden yellow. On rocks and stony pasture. July Igto.” G. Forrest. No. 6141. 210 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM. <90> Draba Wardii, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov. US WN Species valde affinis D. gracillimae, Hook. f. et Thoms. a qua caulibus foliisque haud stellato-incanis, sepalis glabris inter alia differt. ; Planta pusilla in scheda nostra circ. 8 cm. alta, radice fusi- formi praedita. Caules plures gracillimi, flexuosi, paucifoliati, pilis simplicibus et furcatis subsparsim instructi. Folia radicalia rosulata circ. 1 cm. longa, circ. 2.5 mm. lata, oblanceolata vel spathulata, apice obtusissima, basi in petiolum vix discretum attenuata, integra, membranacea, utrinque et ad margines pilis paucis simplicibus et furcatis conspersa; costa media subcon- spicua ; folia caulina circ. 6 mm. longa ad 4 mm. lata, sessilia, ovata vel ovalia, integra vel dentibus duobus praedita, ciliata, ceterum subglabra. Inflorescentiae circ. 4-florae, laxe race- mosae, floribus inferioribus saepe bracteatis. Sepala circ. 1.5 mm. longa, ovalia, glabra. Petala sepalis fere duplo longiora, obovata, flava. Ovarium glabrum. Fructus deest. “ E. Tibet :—At Ka-gwr-pw, near the Yunnan frontier, in Alpine grassland. Alt. 15,000 ft. July F913. FF. Ke Ward, No. 849. This species is very closely allied to the Himalayan species described by Hooker as D. gracillima. The leaves of the latter plant are hoary with stellate hairs. Gaultheria prostrata, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov. Species affinis G. trichophyllae, Royle a qua foliis ellipticis, floribus 1-3-natis ramulos terminantibus, antheris biaristatis, ovario pubescente divergit. Frutex prostratus habitu G. trichophyllae, Royle, ramis 10-20 cm. longis, junioribus pubescentibus, senioribus tarde glabre- scentibus cinerascentibus. Folia petiolo circ. 1 mm. longo glabro praedita ; lamina 10-12 mm. longa, 6-8 mm. lata, elliptica, apice rotundata vel plus minusve obtusa, basi late cuneata, margine crenulata, crenis nonnunquam minute apiculatis, papyracea, glabra, supra laete viridis, infra pallidior punctis nigris saepe conspersa, reticulo venarum utrinque conspicuo supra immerso. Flores 1-3 ad apicem ramorum plerumque dispositi, racemum brevissimum saepe formantes ; axis pubescens bracteis pluribus ovatis 2~—3 mm. longis viridibus margine roseis ornata ; pedicelli circ. I mm. longi. Calycis dentes ovati circ. 2 mm. longi acutiusculi. Corolla late campanulata, alba, circ. 4 mm. longa, lobis 1 mm. longis ovato-triangularibus. Stamina cum aristis circ. 2 mm. longa, filamentis complanatis minutissime puberulis, antheris biaristatis supra vix productis. Ovarium depresso- lobosum oo pubescens stylo cylindrico fere 2 mm. longo. ‘Fructus SPECIES ASIATICAE. Zit “ China :—Mekong-Salween divide, Yunnan, in open moist pasture and on boulders. Lat. 28° 12’ N. Alt. 14,000 ft. Prostrate shrub of 4-8 inches. Flowers white. July 1917.” G, Forrest. No. 14,371. 4335 Gaultheria tetramera, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov. Species ex affinitate G.fragrantissimae, Wall. et G. Vettchianae, Craib; habitu plerumque humiliore, foliis minoribus, floribus tetrameris minoribus inter alia notata. | Fruticulus 15-60 cm, altus, rariusad 1.5m. Caules e caudice crasso saepe 2-6, erecti vel basi decumbentes, graciles, hornotini setis longis brunneis dense obsiti, annotini tarde glabrescentes, — vetustiores saepe moribundi. Folia petiolo 2-3 mm. primum parce setosulo praedita ; lamina 3-5.5 cm. longa, I-2.5 cm. lata, late elliptica vel elliptico-lanceolata vel oblanceolata, apice rotundata vel plus minusve acutata, apiculata, basi late cuneata, margine serrulata, papyracea,supra opaco-viridis glabra, infra pallidior pedibus setarum nigridis notata ; nervi 3-4 paria subtus eminentes. Inflorescentiae numerosae axillares, saepe ex axillis infimis ortae, plerumque 5—10-florae, foliis breviores ; rhachis 1-2 cm. longa, dense pubescens fere ad basim florifera ; bracteae ovatae acutae 1.5 mm. longae ciliolatae ; bracteolae sub calycem positae, I-1.5 mm. longae, ovatae acuminatae minute pilosulae et ciliolatae ; pedicelli 1-2 mm. longi pube- scentes. Calyx circ. 3mm. longus ; lobi ovati acuti minute cilio- lati. Corolla ovoideo-tubulosa vix 5 mm. longa, viridi-alba, ore angusto, lobis quatuor ovatis minimis. Stamina in speci- minibus nostris multo reducta antheris deficientibus. Ovarium superum quadriloculare dense et minute pilosulum stylo cylin- drico 2 mm. longo pilosulo. Fructus globosus 5-6 mm. diametro laete caeruleus, basi bracteolis persistentibus praeditus, apice lobis calycis succulentis coronatus ; semina numerosa angulata. “ China :—Hills to the east of Teng-yueh, Yunnan, in thickets in side valleys. Lat. 25° N. Alt. 6000 ft. Undershrub of 6-12 inches. Flowers greenish-white, fragrant. May 10912. G. Forrest. No. 7702. “ Hills to the east of Teng-yueh in shady situations amongst rocks. Lat. 25° N. Alt. 6500 ft. Dwarf undershrub of 6-12 inches Flowers white? Im fruit. July 1912." G. Forrest. No. 8786. “ Hills to the east of Teng-yueh, in open situations amongst scrub. Lat. 25° N. Alt. 7000-8000 ft. Undershrub of 1-2 ft. In fruit: fruits bright blue. Nov. 1912.” G. Forrest. No. 331. : ‘ “‘ Shweli-Salween divide, Yunnan, on margins of thickets and in cane brakes. Lat. 25° 20’ N. Alt. 11,000 ft. _Under- 212 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM. shrub of 2 ft. In fruit; fruits purple-blue. Oct. 1917.” G. Forrest. No. 15,986. “SE. Tibet :—On Ka-gwr-pw, Mekong-Salween divide, province of Tsarong, in thickets and rhododendron scrub. Lat. 28° 35’ N. Alt. 13,000 ft. Shrub of 6-g inches. In fruit ; fruits deep blue. Sept. 1917.” G. Forrest. No. 14,882 The following is a larger shrub, but agrees in the details of the flower showing the same tetramery and reduced stamens :— “‘ China :—Divide between the Shweli and ot ane -yueh valleys, in open situations amongst scrub. Lat. 25° N. Alt. 7000 tt. Shrub of 3-5 ft. Flowers white? In fruit. Aug. .1912.” "G,. Forrest. No. 8757. qir* Hydrangea subferruginea, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov. Species affinis H. yunnanensi, Rehder; ramulis molliter ferrugineo-hirsutis, foliis grosse denticulatis ad costam dense ferrugineo-hirsutis, petalis tarde deciduis inter alia bene notata. Frutex 2.4-3.6 m. altus ramulis hornotinis molliter ferru- gineo-hirsutis, pilis plus minusve patentibus. Folia petiolo I-1.5 cm. longo dense patenti-ferrugineo-hirsuto praedita ; lamina 12-14 cm. longa, 4-6 cm. lata, oblonga vel lanceolato- oblonga vel oblanceolato-oblonga, apice caudato-acuminata, basi cuneata, margine subirregulariter grossi-denticulata, mem- branacea, supra opaco-viridis, setulis adpressis conspersa ad costam dense strigilloso-villosa, subtus pallidior undique setulis densiuscule adspersa ad costam dense ferrugineo-hirsuta, nervis utrinsecus 10-12. Cyma fere plana radiis 5-7 oppositis dense ferrugineo-hirsutulis. Flores steriles circ. 4 cm. diametro sepalis 3-4 late ovatis albis paucidentatis; flores fertiles albidi (?) pedicellis 2-3 mm. longis suffulti. Calycis dentes lanceolati sub- acuminati circ. 2mm.longi. Petala circ. 4mm. longa lanceolata, tarde decidua, sub maturitatem antherarum persistentia et plus minusve reflexa. Stamina longiora petalis paulo breviora. Ovarium semisuperum stylis 3. Fructus deest. “ Upper Burma :—Htawgaw, valley of Naung-Chaung, Lashi country. In jungle in damp shady gulleys. Small scarcely branched shrub of 8—12 ft., of loose habit. Flowers white. May tor4.” F.K. Ward. No. 1542. Sud Justicia xantholeuca, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov. Species sectionis Calophanoidis et affinis J. salicifoliae, T. Anders. et J. Neesianae, Wall. a quibus habitu et bracteis haud spathulatis inter alia divergit; ab J. flava, Kurz foliis multo _ Minoribus recedit. _ Fruticulus ex collectore circ. 30 cm. altus. Caules erecti SPECIES ASIATICAE. 213 vel suberecti, graciles, subteretes, ramosi ramulis subpatentibus, primo minute et subscabride pilosuli, deinde minute lineolati. Folia petiolo 2-5 mm. longo pilosulo suffulta ; lamina 2-3 cm. longa, 7-10 mm. lata, lanceolata, apice plus minusve acuminata, basi in petiolum cuneata, integra, papyracea, utrinque ad costam minute et adpresse pilosula, cetera sparsim pilosula vel glabrescens. Flores in axillis fere omnibus orientes 4-5 fasciculati ; bracteae 5 mm. longae vel ultra, anguste oblanceo- latae vel lanceolatae, ut folia indutae ; bracteolae subulatae vel anguste lanceolatae vel ovatae et minutae ; pedicelli brevissimi. Calyx pallide viridis circ. 5 mm. longus in lobos lineari-lanceo- latos acuminatos ad costulam albo-pilosos fere ad imum fissus. Corolla circ. 8 mm. longa, ex collectore alba, in sicco flavescens, extra sparsim pilosula ; structura corollae et genitalium cum ea J. yunnanensis congruit. Fructus glaber seminibus quatuor tuberculato-verrucosis stramineis. “China :—Yunnan, patures des collines 4 Ko-koui. Alt. 1800 m.; arbrisseau ou plante sous-ligneuse; fl. blanches ; September.” E. E. Maire. No. 343 (1913) in Herb. Edin. uys4 Justicia xerobatica, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov. Species sectionis Calophanoidis affinis J. salicifoliae, T. Anders. ejusque sociis a quibus habitu prostrato et radicante inter alia distinguitur. Planta prostrata basi lignosa caulibus ad 30 cm. longis gracilibus flexuosis ad nodos saepe radicantibus apice ascenden- tibus minute albido-crispato-pilosulis. Folia petiolo 2-3 mm._ longo pilosulo praedita ; lamina 1-2 cm. longa, 5-8 mm, lata, suborbicularis vel late obovata vel rarius lanceolata, apice rotun- data vel obtusa, basi cuneata, integra, tenuiter papyracea, utrinque praesertim ad nervos minute pilosula. Flores vulgo in axillis superioribus orientes 1-3 fasciculati; bracteae 3-4 mm. longae late obovatae vel suborbiculares foliaceae, ut folia indutae; bracteolae minutae ovatae vel subulato-lanceolatae ; pedicelli vix nulli. Calyx viridis circ. 5 mm. longus in lobos lineari-lanceolatos acuminatos ad costulam pilosos ad marginem scariosos fere ad imum fissus. Corolla ex collectore alba, in sicco flavescens, circ. g mm. longa, extra sparsim pilosula ; corollae structura et genitalia cum eis J. yunnanensis congruunt. Fructus maturus abest. “ China : — Pte tertres-coteaux calcaires 4 La-kou. Alt. 2400 m.; plante vivace, rampante, sous-ligneuse ; fl. blanches: October.” E. E. Maire. No. 382 (10914) in Herb. Edin. 214 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM. jue Justicia xerophila, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov. UX Species sectionis Calophanotdis affinis speciei praecedenti a qua habitu gracillimo suberecto, floribus minoribus, calyce diverso recedit. Planta suberecta basi sublignosa caulibus circ. 10 cm. longis gracillimis flexuosis minute fulvido-pilosulis. Folia petiolo 1-3 mm. longo pilosulo instructa ; lamina vulgo 1 cm. longa, circ. 4 mm. lata, lanceolata vel oblanceolata, apice acuta vel obtusius- cula, haud acuminata, basi cuneata, integra, tenuiter papyracea, u bracteae 3-5 mm. longae late obovatae vel suborbiculares foliaceae, ut folia indutae; bracteolae circ. 2 mm. longae, sub- lineares. Calyx viridis circ. 5 mm. longus in lobos sublineares acuminatos sparsim pilosulos vel subglabros fere ad imum fissus. Corolla ex collectore alba, in sicco flavescens, 7-8 mm. longa, extra fere glabra; corollae structura et genitalia cum eis /. yunnanensis congruunt. Fructus glaber seminibus quatuor tuberculato-rugosis. “China :—Yunnan, tertres arides—pied des montagnes calcaires a ke kou. Alt. 2400 m.; plante vivace, sous-ligneuse, maine gazonnante; fl. blanches. July.” E. E. Maire. No. 196 (1913) in Herb. Edin. Justicia xylopoda, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov. Species affinis J. yunnanensi, W. W. Sm. infra descriptae a ‘qua basi perlignosa, habitu nano ramosissimo, foliis minoribus discriminatur. Planta nana fruticosa 7-30 cm. alta, caudice crasso lignoso, basi ramosissima ; caules plus minusve decumbentes, apice ascen- entes, minute fulvido- vel albido-pilosuli. Folia petiolo 2-3 mm. longo pilosulo instructa; lamina 10-13 mm. longa, 4-5 mm lata, lanceolata vel subelliptica, apice obtusa, basi cuneata, integra, tenuiter papyracea, utrinque minute et sparsim pilosula, ad nervos vix densius. Flores vulgo in axillis superioribus orientes 1~3-fasciculati; bracteae 3- 5 mm. longae obovatae vel petiolo parvo suborbiculares, foliaceae, ut folia indutae; bracteolae plerumque minutae ovatae; pedicelli brevissimi. Calyx viridis circ. 5 mm. longus in lobos lineari-lanceolatos acuminatos ad costulam dense pilosulos marginibus subscariosos fere ad imum fissus. Corolla ex collectore pallido-flava vel viridi-flava, in sicco intus rubido-maculata, circ. 1 cm. longa, in flore aperto glabra; corollae structura et genitalia cum eis ee J. yunnanensis congruunt. Fructus maturus deest. e ‘Chi :—Yunnan, Yangtze valley at Ta-Ku. Lat. 27° 30° SPECIES ASIATICAE. 215 N. Alt. 8000 ft. Dwarf shrub of 9-12 inches. Flowers pale yellow. Dry stony pasture. Aug. 1914.” G. Forrest. No. 13,060. “Yunnan. Mountains in the N.E. of the Yangtze bend. Lat. 27° 45’ N. Alt. ro,000 ft. Dwarf shrubby plant of 3-6 inches. Flowers dull greenish yellow. Open stony pasture. Sept. 1913.’ G. Forrest. No. 11,004. i yj) Justicia yunnanensis, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov. Species sectionis Calophanoidis et affinis J. Neesianae, Wall. et J. Championt, Benth. ; ab J. quadrifaria, Wall. sociisque ejus foliis multo minoribus differt; ab /. Neesiana, Wall. caule foliisque pubescentibus inter alia diversa est. Fruticulus ad 45 cm. altus. Caules basi adscendentes ibique nudi deinde suberecti, nisi ad basem simplices, minute albido- crispato-pilosuli. Folia petiolo 2-5 mm. longo pilosulo suffulta ; lamina circ. 2.5 cm. longa, circ. 1 cm. lata, lanceolata vel oblanceolata, apice obtusiuscula, basi in petiolum anguste cuneata, integra, papyracea, utrinque pilosula. Flores in axillis fere omnibus orientes 4-5-fasciculati; bracteae 5-I0 mm. longae, orbiculari-spathulatae vel obovatae, ut folia indutae, bracteolae lineares vel anguste oblanceolatae ; pedicelli brevis- simi. Calyx pallide viridis circ. 5 mm. longus in lobos lineari- lanceolatos acuminatos ad costulam albo-pilosos fere ad imum fissus. Corolla circ. 8 mm. longa pallido-flava extra sparsim pilosula ; corollae forma et lobi et stamina et ovarium cum eis sociorum citatorum congruunt. Fructus glaber; semina 4 verrucosa. “ China :—-Yunnan, in the Yung-pe mountains. Lat. 26° 45’ N. Alt. 10,000 ft. Plant of 9-18 inches. Flowers pale yellow. Dry pasture. Sept. 1913.” G. Forrest. No. 11,051. The five species of Justicia described here are all closely allied and form a series somewhat similar to that of Justicia Neesiana, Wall. and its allies in Hooker’s Flora Brit. Ind., iv (1885), 531. The species are distinguished more by habit and foliage than by the characters of the flower. The size and structure of the corolla, stamens, ovary, and seeds are very much the same in all the species. gic ee Lagotis alutacea, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov. Species affinis L. crassifoliae, Prain et aS yunnanenst, W. W. - Sm. ; foliis subcoriaceis saepe subintegris, inflorescentiis anguste Spicatis, bracteis calycem longe superantibus, calyce corollae tubum subaequante, filamentis staminum antheras vix aequan- tibus, stigmate vix exserto bene notata. 210 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM. Planta ad ro cm. alta glabra. Rhizoma elongatum medio- criter crassum, apice vaginis persistentibus destitutum, radices multas cylindricas emittens. Folia petiolo alato 2-5 cm. longo praedita; lamina 4.5-5.5 cm. longa, 2.5-3.5 cm. lata, late elliptica vel suborbicularis, apice rotundata, basi rotundata vel late cuneata, margine subintegra vel irregulariter (et saepe obscure) dentata, in sicco subcoriacea ; folia caulina plerumque duo sub inflorescentiam posita, basilaribus multo minora, ovata vel ovato-lanceolata, sessilia. Scapus folia plerumque paulo superans ; inflorescentia circ. 4 cm. longa spicam angustam densifloram formans; bracteae circ. 8 mm. longae, e basi angusta ovatae vel ovato-lanceolatae, obtusae, alutaceae, lurido-virides. Calyx circ. 5 mm. longus, spathaceus, apice bilobus, nervis in lobos excurrentibus. Corollae albae cyaneo- tinctae tubus circ. 5 mm. longus, lobi circ. 4 mm. longi, superior lanceolatus integer, inferiores 2 vel rarius 3 lineares. Antherae filamentis paululo longiores. Stigma vix exsertum. Fructus deest “China :—-On Ka-gwr-pw, Mekong-Salween divide, Yunnan, in moist open stony pasture. Lat. 28° 30’ N. Alt. 12,000 ft. Plant of 3-4 inches. Flowers white, tinged blue. Aug. 1917.” G. Forrest. No. 14,670. ait Var. foliosa, W. W. Sm. A typo differt habitu altiore, foliis ellipticis vel ovatis, foliis caulinis conspicuo evolutis, inflorescentiis ad 8 cm. longis, bracteis calycem subaequantibus. An species distincta ? “ China :—N.W. flank of the Lichiang Range, Yunnan, on stony moist pasture. Lat. 27° 25’ N. Alt. 12,000 ft. Plant of 6-9 inches. Flowers white flushed rose, bracts blue. July 1914. G. Forrest. No. 12,772. q\r* Lagotis integra, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov. Species habitu L. glaucae, Gaertn. var. Pallas, Trautv. sed foliis crassioribus integris, calyce gamophyllo bracteas superante, tubo corollae multo curvato calyce breviore, stylo = omnino incluso inter alia differt. Planta 7-15 cm. alta glabra. Rhizoma elongatum crassum apice nudum radicibus cylindricis bene praeditum. Folia radicalia plerumque 4-5, petiolo 5~9 cm. longo late alato basi vaginato suffulta; lamina 5-7 cm. longa, 2.5-3.5 cm. lata, ‘lliptica vel obovato-elliptica, apice rotundata vel rarius acutata, basi late cuneata, margine integra, in sicco carnosula ; caulina a 3-4 multo minora, lanceolata, acuta vel acutata, sessilia vel _ (@imferiora) breviter petiolata. Scapus folia longe superans ; . gio SPECIES ASIATICAE. 217 inflorescentia spiciformis circ. 6 cm. longa, 1.5 cm. lata ; bracteae herbaceae, infimis majoribus exceptis circ. 4 mm. longae, calyce breviores, lanceolatae, plus minusve acutae. Calyx 6-7 mm. longus, membranaceus, spathaceus, apice breviter fissus, lobis obtusis nervis duobus pererratus, minute erosulus. Corollae cyaneae tubus calyce brevior curvatus et lateraliter extrusus, lobi circ. 3 mm. longi tubo breviores, superior ovato-lanceolatus vulgo integer, inferiores duo lanceolati. Stamina filamentis brevissimis praedita. Stylus ad medium tubum corollinum attingens. Fructus deest. “ China :—On the Bei-ma Shan, Yunnan, on stony pasture. Lat. 28° 12’ N. Alt. 14,000 ft. Plant of 3-6 inches. Flowers deep blue. July 1917.” G. Forrest. No. 14,422. Lagotis praecox, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov. Species nana foliis sub anthesi haud recte evolutis, scapis aphyllis, bracteis parvis corollam staminaque haud celantibus, calyce parvo alte fisso medium tubi corollini paulo excedente, staminibus corollam superantibus inter alia notata ; L. ramalana, Batal. valde affinis sepalis duobus acutis ex descriptione differt. Planta 5-12 cm. alta, glabra. Rhizoma elongatum sat crassum apice squamis persistentibus destitutum radices multas carnosulas emittens. Folia radicalia 2-3, petiolo ad 6 cm. longo alato praedita; lamina (haud bene evoluta) 2-2.5 cm. longa, 1.5-2 cm. lata, ovata, apice rotundata vel obtusa, basi subro- lobis oblongis obtusis minute fimbriatis. Corollae atro-cyaneae circ. 6 mm. longae tubus limbum paulo superans ; lobus superior oblongus integer vel breviter emarginatus, inferiores, vulgo duo elliptici obtusi. Stamina sub anthesi conspicuo exserta, fila- mentis antheras superantibus, antheris lobos corollinos ex- cedentibus. Stylus paulo exsertus. Fructus deest. “ China :—A-tun-tsu, N.W. Yunnan; 14,000 ft. May I91I. An Alpine growing on bare gravel and shale screes. It will be notéd that the leaves are red and but ill developed, while the flowers are in full bloom. Theimmense root system is character- istic of these barren-scree plants, partly no doubt on account of the porous nature of the soil and the rapid evaporation from 218 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM. its surface, partly on account of the frequency with which the soil slides down, especially during heavy rains.” F. K. Ward. ) “ China :—Mekong-Salween divide, Yunnan, in open moist pasture. Lat. 28° 20’ N. Alt. 12,000 ft. Plant of 2-5 inches. Flowers deep blue. June 1917.’’ G. Forrest. No. 14,076. The following probably represents the fruiting stage of L. praecox, and a description is appended :— ‘“‘ China :—On the Bei-ma Shan, Yunnan, in boggy pasture by streams. Lat. 28° 12’ N. Alt. 14,000 ft. Plant of 3-6 inches. Flowers blue. July 1917.’’ G. Forrest. No. 14,404. Planta ad 15cm. alta. Folia petiolo 4~7 cm. longo praedita ; lamina 5~7 cm. longa, 4-7 cm. lata, reniformis, apice rotundata, basi cordata vel rotundata, margine crenis sat magnis notata, subcoriacea, infra in sicco purpurascens. Scapus folia sub- aequans aphyllus. Bracteae (auctae in fructu ?) circ. 1.5 cm. longae, obovatae vel subellipticae, obtusae, subcoriaceae, dense imbricatae florum reliquias celantes. Calyx (ex reliquiis) spathaceus ad tertiam partem bracteae pertinens. Fructus ellipsoideus circ. 7 mm. longus, circ. 3 mm. latus, ad maturitatem uno loculo 1-seminifero, altero subobsoleto. g\x0 Lagotis Wardii, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov. Species affinis L. yunnanensi, W. W. Sm. a qua foliis latioribus et tenuioribus, inflorescentiis subglobosis, calyce bracteis tuboque corollino breviore recedit. Planta circ. 15 cm. alta, perennis, glabra. Rhizoma elonga- tum mediocriter crassum apice nudum, radices multas cylindricas emittens. Folia radicalia petiolo 3-7 cm. longo suffulta ; lamina majorum circ. 6 cm. longa, 4-6 cm. lata, suborbicularis vel ovato-oblonga, apice plerumque rotundata, basi truncato- rotundata vel late cuneata, margine crenis latis paucis notata, in sicco tenuiter papyracea, nervis subdistinctis. Scapus folia aequans vel paululo superans, prope inflorescentiam foliis 1-3 breviter petiolatis vel sessilibus in bracteas transeuntibus praeditus. , Inflorescentia subglobosa 2. 5-3 cm. longa, 2.5-3 cm. lata; bracteae vulgo circ. 1 cm. longae, anguste lanceolatae, apice acutatae, opaco-virides, margine haud albescentes. Calyx sub anthesi bractea multo brevior, circ. 6 mm. longus, spathaceus, nervis in dentes 2 breves excurrentibus, margine saepe minute fimbriatus. Corollae (albae ?) tubus calycem paulo superans, circ. 7 mm. longus, limbus circ. 8 mm. longus, lobo inferiore in lobulos vulgo 2 lineares diviso; superiore lanceolato integro. Antherae subsessiles. Stylus ultra medium tubi corollini vix pertinens, stigmate manifeste bilobato. Fructus deest. SPECIES ASIATICAE. 219 “S.E. Tibet :—At Doker-la, 13,000-14,000 ft. Aug. 1913.” F.K. Ward. No. 1043. a4 Lagotis yunnanensis, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov. Species ex affinitate L. glaucae, Gaertn. a qua rhizomate apice nudo, floribus albis vel roseis, stylo multo breviore tubi corollini medium subaequante inter alia recedit ; ab L. crassifolia, Prain valde affini foliis apice rotundatis vix carnosis, bracteis vix acutis, lobis corollae tubum fere aequante differt. Planta circ. 15 cm. alta, ex collectore nonnunquam ad 30 cm., perennis, glabra. Rhizoma elongatum crassum apice nudum radices multas cylindricas carnosulas emittens. Folia radicalia eis L. glaucae subsimilia petiolo 6-10 cm. longo suffulta ; lamina 3.5-7 cm. longa, 3-5 cm. lata, ovata vel plus minusve elliptica, apice rotundata, basi in petiolum cuneata et decurrens, margine crenis latis notata, in sicco papyracea. Scapus folia superans basi nudus, prope inflorescentiam foliis sessilibus 2-4 in bracteas subtranseuntibus praeditus. Inflorescentia spiciformis circ. 6 cm. longa, 2 cm. Jata; bracteae vulgo 7-8 mm. longae, ovatae vel lanceolato-ovatae, apice acutatae sed vix acutae, lurido- virides, margine saepe albido-pergamentaceae. Calyx bracteam sub anthesi paululo excedens, 8-9 mm. longus, spathaceus, nervis in dentes 1-3 excurrentibus, margine saepe minute fimbriatus, albidus. Corollae albae vel roseae tubus calycem fere ‘aequans, limbus 6-7 mm. longus, lobo inferiore in lobulos 2-4 lineares diviso, superiore lanceolato integro vel bilobo. Antherae subsessiles. Stylus ultra medium tubi corollini vix pertinens, stigmate subcapitato. Fructus deest. “ China :—Wa-di-i Shan, Yunnan, on open stony pasture. Lat. 27° 40’ N. Alt. 12,000 ft. Plant of 4-6 inches. Flowers white. Aug. 1917.’ G. Forrest. No. 15,421. ‘‘ Mountains in the N.E. of the Yangtze bend, Yunnan, on open stony pasture. Lat. 27° 45’ N. Alt. 11,000 ft. Plant of g-12 inches. Flowers rose. July 1913.” G. Forrest. No. 10,373. iA0tParrya linearifolia, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov. Species affinis P. eurycarpae, Maxim. et P. platycarpae, Hook. f. et Thoms. a quibus foliis linearibus, calyce fructuque dense albido-piloso inter alia differt. ; Planta dense caespitosa fere acaulis. Radix crassa praelonga verticalis multiceps. Caulis brevissimus basi vaginis foliorum vetustorum eorumque vestigiis dense vestitus. Folia dense rosulata, ad 6 cm. longa, 2-4 mm. lata, linearia vel angustissime spathulata, apice obtusiuscula, ad basim vix angustata, sub- membranacea, pilis albidis longiusculis utrinque plus minusve 220 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM. dense induta. Pedunculi omnes radicales 1-flori, fructiferi ad 5 cm. alti, dense albo-pilosi. Sepala circ. 1 cm. longa, oblonga, obtusa, densissime et longiuscule albo-pilosa, scarioso-marginata. Petala circ. 2 cm. longa rosea, ungue calycem aequante, lamina obovata breviter emarginata vel subintegra minute erosula. Stigma ovario aequilatum. Siliqua 4.5-5.5 cm. longa, I-I.5 cm. lata, ovato-oblonga, marginibus incrassata, undique plus minusve albo-pilosa ; stigma breviter bilobulum ; semina matura pauca 5-6 late ovalia, multo compressa, circ. 5 mm. longa. “China :—At A-tun-tsu, N.W. Yunnan. Alt. 15,000 ft. July 1911.” F.K. Ward. No. 55. “ China :—Yunnan, in open situations on boulders and cliffs on the Bei-ma-Shan, Mekong-Yangtze divide. Lat. eee N. Alt. 14,500 ft. Plant of 3-4 inches. In fruit. Aug. 1914.” G. Forrest. No. 13,235. “* Yunnan, on open stony hillsides on the Bei-ma Shan. Lat. 28°12’ N. Alt. 14,000 ft. Tufted plant of 1-2inches. Flowers soft rose, fragrant. June 1g17.”’ G. Forrest. No. 13,980. “On the Bei-ma Shan. In immature fruit. July 1917.” G. Forrest. No. 14,435. A species well distinguished by the hairy linear leaves and the hairy ovate-oblong siliqua, 3\6*" Silene (Melandryum) bilingua, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov. cies affinis S. rubicundae, Franch. et S. trachyphyllae, Franch. ; foliis linearibus, petalorum ungue in auriculas latas erosulas flabellatim dilatato, lamina in lobos duos praelongos lineares producta inter alia signa bene notata. Planta elata ad 60 cm. alta, perennis, satis bene foliosa. Radices numerosae fusiformi-incrassatae, ad caudicem squamis indutae. Caules 1-2, erecti, graciles, ramis subpatentibus ramosi, infra minute et sparsius pilosuli, supra densiuscule glanduloso- pilosuli. Folia basalia non visa; caulina breviter connata, in petiolum indistinctum attenuata, 2-3 cm. longa, I-1I.5 mm. lata, linearia, apice acuta haud apiculata, membranacea, ad sim minute ciliata, ceteroquin glabra vel subglabra. In- florescentiae terminales laxae ad 12 cm. longae ad 10 cm. latae, dichotome cymosae, 7-20-florae ; bracteae circ. 1 cm. longae, lineares, ultimae minutae subulatae, omnes glanduloso-pilosulae ; pedicelli inferiores calyce paulo longiores glandulosi. Calyx Io-I2 mm. longus, tubuloso-campanulatus, basi paulo con- strictus, in sicco purpurascens, ad sixtam partem in lobos _triangulares obtusiusculos divisus, extra ad nervos plus minusve Same aera Petala circ. 1.5 cm. longa, calycem paulo tia, pallido-rosea, ungue glabro in auriculas latas bene eros flabe bellatim dilatato et supra subito contracto in limbum ae yy ay’ SPECIES ASIATICAE. 221 quadratum vix I mm. superantem et in linguas duas lineares circ. 3.5 mm. longas abeuntem ; squamae faucis parvae quad- ratae integrae vel brevissime emarginatae. Staminum filamenta glabra. Ovarium ovatum uniloculare stylis tribus munitum. Capsula vix matura ovato-oblonga gynophoro sextuplo longior. “ China :—Yunnan, on the Bei-ma Shan, amongst rock and scrub by streams.- Lat. 28° 12’ N. Alt. 12,000 ft. Plant of 2ft. Flowers pale rose. July 1917.’ G. Forrest. No. 14,322. » Silene (Melandryum) chungtienensis, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov. Species ex affinitate S. Delavayi, Franch. et S. melananthae, Franch. a quibus habitu elatiore, caulibus floriferis haud infra- rosularibus, petalis calycem vix excedentibus breviter bifidis, ungue stylopodioque pilosulis notata. Planta elata 40-60 cm. alta perennis. Caudex crassiusculus radices fusiformes plures emittens. Caules 1-3, erecti, remotius- cule foliosi, pilis albidis glandulosis plus minusve dense induti. Folia basalia in petiolum vix discretum latum attenuata et subamplexicaulia, cum petiolo ad 9 cm. longa, ad 3 cm. lata ; lamina anguste obovata vel oblanceolata, apice obtusa, margine sub maturitatem eciliata, in sicco papyracea, supra glabra scabridule papillosa, infra levior glabra vel ad nervos minute pilosula ; caulina multo minora sessilia lanceolata vel lineari- lanceolata, longiuscule acutata, utraque pagina et margine pilis glandulosis dense obsita, superne in bracteas bracteolasque lineares glandulosas decrescentia. Inflorescentia elongata cymoso-racemosa laxa circ. 10-flora ; pedicelli calyce plerumque multo breviores dense glandulosi. Calyx 11-12 mm. longus e basi truncata paulo angustata tubuloso-campanulatus, ad tertiam partem in lobos triangulares subacutos dense glandulosos divisus, extra ad nervos distinctos atropurpureos dense glandu- : loso-pilosulus, intervallis pergamentaceis fere glabris. Petala calycem vix quadrante superantia, saturate rosea, ungue dense pilosulo in auriculas magnas erosulas sensim dilatato et in laminam vix 3 mm. longam subquadratam ad tertiam partem sinu lato divisam abrupte contracto, lobis ovatis apice rotun- datis ; squamae faucis breves quadratae integrae vel breviter emarginatae. Staminum filamenta glabra. Ovarium oblongum uniloculare stylis tribus instructum. Capsula ovato-oblonga, gynophoro dense pilosulo triplo longior; semina reniformia minutissime tuberculata. “ China :—Yunnan, on the Chungtien plateau. Lat. 27° 55’ N. Alt. 12,000 fé. Plant of 16-24 inches. Flowers dull deep rose. Stony pasture. Sept. 1913.” G. Forrest. No. 11,270. This new species is not unlike S. Delavayi, Franch., but is Cc 222 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM. taller; it is easily distinguished from its Chinese relatives by the hairy claw of the petals and the hairy stylopod. ao ol Silene (Melandryum) dumicola, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov. Species ex affinitate S. platyphyllae, Franch. (Melandryum platyphyllum, Williams) ; foliis crasse papyraceis ita perlate ovatis ut nonnunquam suborbicularia videantur, floribus albis margine roseo-tinctis, squamis faucis longis ad laminam corollae mediam attingentibus inter alia bene notata. Planta elata ad 75 cm. alta, medio et supra ramosa. Radix crassa elongata perennis. Caules plerumque solitarii, in sicco straminei, sat foliosi, erecti, pilis albidis flaccidis plus minusve dense induti. Folia sessilia vel petiolo circ. 2 mm. longo vix discreto praedita ; lamina 3-6 cm. longa, 2.5—4.5 cm. lata, late ovata vel ovata, apice subrotundata vel obtusa, breviter apicu- lata, basi rotundata vel late cuneata, margine pilis rigidis multum asperata, crasse papyracea, in sicco utrinque pallido-viridis, supra undique pilorum basibus incrassatis scabrida, infra pilis vel eorum basibus scabride induta ; nervi 2-3 paria subobscuri infra paulo eminentes. Inflorescentia terminalis ad 25 cm. longa, 12 cm. lata, dichotome cymoso-paniculata cymis saepius trifloris ; bracteae foliaceae 3-15 mm. longae ovato-lanceolatae vel lanceolatae, pilis glandulosis fulvidis dense praeditae ; pedunculi primarii atque secundarii praelongi pilis glandulosis induti ; pedicelli ad 1 cm. longi, ut pedunculi vestiti ; bracteolae 2-3 mm. longae, lineari-lanceolatae. Calyx 12-14 mm. longus, tubuloso-campanulatus, basi vix constrictus, stramineus in sicco, ad quartam partem vel paulo ultra in lobos ovatos obtusos divisus, extra praesertim ad lobos pilis glandulosis dense indutus, tandem subglabrescens; costae inconspicuae. Petala calycem dimidio superantia, alba, margine pallide rosea, ungue glabro in auriculas fere integras sensim dilatato, et in laminam ovatam | ad medium quadripartitam circ. 4 mm. longam expanso, lobis oblongis obtusis medianis majoribus ; squamae faucis anguste spathulatae vel lingulatae integrae ad mediam laminam attingentes. Staminum filamenta glabra. Ovarium ovatum uniloculare stylis tribus munitum. Capsula ovato-oblonga gynophoro triplo longior; semina reniformia minute tuber- culata “ China :—Yunnan, on the Yung-pe Mountains. Lat. 27° 45’ N. Alt. 10,000 ft. Plant of 20-30 inches. Flowers white, margined pale rose. In open situations on the margins of thickets. Sept. 1913.” G. Forrest. No. 11,229. SPECIES ASIATICAE, 223 31,36 Silene (Melandryum) epilosa, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov. ase Species inter congeneres yunnanenses .habitu altissimo, partibus undique glaberrimis, inflorescentiis praelongis, petalis calyce inclusis bene notata. Planta elata ad 1.5 m. alta. Radix non visa. Caulis solitarius erectus strictus simplex vel pauciramosus, remotiuscule foliosus glaber. Folia basalia delapsa; caulina in petiolum vix discretum late marginatum attenuata ; lamina cum petiolo 6-9 cm. longa, 1-2.2 cm. lata, plus minusve lanceolata, apice acuta breviter apiculata, margine paululo asperata, in sicco papyracea, utrinque glabra minute papillosa: costa media subconspicua ; folia superne in bracteas vulgo 1-3 cm. longas lineari-lanceolatas vel lineares decrescentia. Inflorescentia ter- minalis praelonga ad 60 cm. longa angustissima e cymulis vulgo trifloris racemose dispositis suberectis longiuscule pedunculatis sed tamen internodia haud superantibus composita ; pedunculi pedicellique ad 5 cm. longi glabri. Calyx circ. 9 mm. longus e basi paulo angustata tubuloso-campanulatus viridis apice pur- purascens, ad quintam partem in lobos ovatos obtusos divisus glaber costis haud conspicuis. Petala vix ad basim loborum calycinorum pertinentia, pallide rosea, ungue glabro in auriculas bene distinctas integras sensim dilatato et in laminam I mm. longam ad medium partitam exiente, lobis integris; squamae brevissimae lunatae integrae. Staminum filamenta glabra. Ovarium ovato-oblongum uniloculare stylis tribus coronatum. Capsula gynophoro brevissimo praedita seminibus minute tuberculatis. ‘China :—Yunnan, at the south end of the Teng-yueh valley. Lat. 25° N. Alt. 6000 ft. Plant of 3-44 ft. Flowers pale rose. Open limy pasture. July 1912.” G. Forrest. No. 8532. A very tall glabrous species, further distinguished by the small corolla which is included in the calyx. It is not closely allied to any of the described species of Western China. Silene (Eusilene) esquamata, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov. Species affinis S. grandiflorae, Franch. a qua calycis dentibus -rotundatis, ungue exauriculato, squamis faucis deficientibus bene notata. Planta 30-50 cm. alta, perennis, infra bene foliosa. Radix elongata fusiformi-incrassata. Caules plerumque 2-6, erecti, graciles, ramis erectis substrictis ramosi, ad inflorescentiam pauci- foliati, plus minusve albido-pubescentes. Folia basalia emarcida caulinis subsimilia sed longius petiolata; caulina breviter connata, in petiolum latum haud bene sae attenuata, 224 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM. 2-3.5 cm. longa, 6-11 mm. lata, plerumque oblanceolata, apice breviter acutata et apiculata, basi cuneata, margine minute asperata, membranacea, ad basim albido-ciliolata, ad costam prominulam sparsim pilosula, ceteroquin glabra vel subglabra, nervis obsoletis ; superiora multo minora lineari-lanceolata vel linearia, tandem in bracteas lineares vel subulatas circ. 5 mm. longas transeuntia. Inflorescentiae terminales laxe paniculato- dentatis ; squamae faucis nullae. Staminum filamenta glabra. Ovarium anguste oblongum uniloculare parietum vestigiis in- structum gynophoro brevius stylis tribus praeditum. Capsula ovato-oblonga, alte trilocularis, gynophorum aequans. ‘“‘ China :—Mekong-Salween divide, Yunnan, in open stony pasture. Lat. 28° 10’ N. Alt. 6000-7000 ft. . Plant of 12-20 inches. Flowers rose-pink. August 1917.” G. Forrest. No. 14,609. aigtt Silene grandiflora, Franch., var. xerobatica, W. W. Sm. Var. nov. A typo habitu nano, foliis linearibus circ. 2 mm. latis, calyce corollaque minoribus recedit. Structura calycis laminaeque corollinae squamarumque cum ea typi congruit. Capsula deest. “ China :—Yunnan, on the Tong Shan in the Yangtze bend. Lat. 27° 20’ N. Alt. gooo ft. Plant of 6—12 inches. Flowers pale vermilion. Dry stony pasture. Sept. 1913." G. Forrest. No. 10,995. : Ai? Silene (Melandryum) kermesina, W. W.Sm. Sp. nov. a Species affinis S. platyphyllae, Franch. a qua calycis corol- laeque forma longe distat. Planta elata ad 60 cm. alta, bene foliosa, perennis. Caules I-3, in sicco straminei, ramosi, erecti, graciles, pilis parvis albidis conspeél Folia sessilia vel rarius petiolo circ. 1 mm. longo SPECIES ASIATICAE. 225 instructa; lamina plerumque 3-6 cm. longa, 1-2.5 cm. lata, ovata vel ovato-lanceolata, apice sensim et longiuscule acuminata breviter apiculata, basi rotundata, margine pilis rigidis asperata, tenuiter membranacea, supra minute asperulata, infra pallido- viridis asperulata, utrinque ceteroquin glabra, costa media sparsim pilosula excepta. Inflorescentia terminalis laxa ad g cm. longa, ad 12 cm. lata, dichotome cymosa, saepius 7-flora ; bracteae 5-15 mm. longae, foliaceae, lineari-lanceolatae, glandu- loso-pilosae ; pedicelli 1-6 cm. longi, pilis glandulosis densiuscule conspersi. Calyx 12-13 mm. longus, tubuloso-campanulatus, basi vix constrictus, in sicco purpurascens, ad quartam partem in lobos triangulares apice in caput membranaceum orbiculare I mm. diametro expansos divisus, extra sparsim glanduloso- pilosulus. Petala calycem 5-6 mm. tantum superantia, atro- kermesina, ungue latiusculo mox in auriculas paululo erosulas dilatato et in laminam ovatam ad duas partes quadrifidam 3-4 mm. longam expanso, lobis quadrato-oblongis medianis majori- bus; squamae faucis quadratae parvae integrae. Staminum filamenta glabra. Ovarium ovatum uniloculare stylis tribus ovarium aequantibus munitum. Capsula ovato-oblonga gyno- phoro quadruplo longior ; semina reniformia minute tubercu- lata nigrida. “ China :—-Yunnan, Kari Pass, Mekong-Yangtze divide. Lat. 27° 40’ N. Alt. 10,000 ft. Plant of 2 ft. Flowers deep lake crimson. Open stony pasture and by streams. Aug. 1914.” G. Forrest. No. 12,913. Silene (Melandryum) lichiangensis, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov. Species affinis S. platyphyllae, Franch. ; foliis basi longe attenuatis fere glabris, ungue petalorum in auriculas latas erosulas dilatato, lamina ad medium partita, squamis denticu- latis -bene notata. Planta 20-30 cm. alta perennis. Radices plures anguste fusiformes. Caules plures basi subdecumbentes deinde erect, pauciramosi, bene foliosi, pilis glandulosis albidis vel tubidis plus minusve dense induti. Folia basalia delapsa ; caulina in petio- lum vix discretum latum marginatum longe attenuata superiora subsessilia ; lamina cum petiolo 4-6 cm. longa, I-1.5 cm. lata, apice longiuscule acutata breviter apiculata, margine minute asperata nonnunquam purpurascentia, membranacea, utrinque glabra vel fere glabra ad insertionem sparsim ciliata, utrinque papillosa. Inflorescentia terminalis dichotome cymosa, pler- umque 7-flora ; pedicelli ad 5 cm. longi calycem longe superantes pilis glandulosis rubidis dense obsiti; bracteae foliaceae 3-15 mm. longae superne decrescentes ovatae vel lanceolatae ad 226 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM. costam marginesque rubido-glandulosae. Calyx circ. 15 mm. longus e basi truncata paulo angustata tubuloso-campanulatus purpurascens fere ad quartam partem in lobos oblongos obtusos divisus extra fere undique sed praesertim ad nervos pilis glandu- losis indutus. Petala calycem quadrante superantia, laete rosea, ungue glabro in auriculas latas crebre erosulas cito dilatato et in laminam basi ovatam circ. 4 mm. longam ad medium partitam abrupte contracto, lobis suborbicularibus apice 2-3- dentatis; squamae faucis breves quadratae 2—3-dentatae. Staminum filamenta glabra. Ovarium ovato-oblongum uni- loculare stylopodio triplo longius stylis tribus coronatum. Capsula matura deest. “China :—Yunnan, on the eastern flank of the Lichiang Range. Lat. 27° 40’ N. Alt. 11,000 ft. Plant of g-12 inches. Flowers bright carmine. Open situations in pine forests. Aug. tgto.” G. Forrest. No. 6305. (08° Silene (Melandryum) Monbeigii, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov. Species affinis S. trachyphyllae, Franch, a qua habitu humili- ore, foliis multo minoribus oblanceolatis obtusiusculis, calycibus multo brevioribus, squamis faucis apice rotundatis inter alia divergit ; a S. rubicunda, Franch. habitu, foliis, calycis dentibus, lamina petalina haud quadriloba distinguitur. Planta 15-50 cm. alta perennis. Radix praelonga fusiformi- incrassata. Caules permulti, primo decumbentes deinde erecti, fere a basi ramosi et multum intertexti, graciles, bene foliosi, pilis glandulosis albidis induti. Folia basalia delapsa ; folia caulina fere sessilia petiolulo 1 mm. longo late marginato prae- dita ; lamina 1-2 cm. longa, 4-7 mm. lata, oblanceolata vel raro fere obovata, apice obtusa vel breviter acutata minute apiculata, basi in petiolum sensim attenuata, margine ciliolata, membran- acea, In sicco utrinque pallido-viridis, utrinque plus minusve pilo- sula, nervis obscuris: folia superne in bracteas 2-8 mm. longas lanceolatas vel lineares transeuntia. Inflorescentiae ramulos terminantes cymosae 3-7-florae plerumque triflorae - pedicelli ad 1.7 cm. longi dense glanduloso-pilosuli. Calyx 15-16 mm. longus, clavato-tubulosus, basi umbilicatus et paulo angustatus nervis IO purpurascentibus, fere ad quartam partem in lobos triangulares acutos divisus, extra dense glanduloso-pilosulus. Petala calycem circ. 1 cm. excedentia, rosea, ungue glabro supra sensim dilatato vix auriculato in laminam obovatam cire. 7 mm. ongam breviter eMmarginatam parce erosulam infra medium nonnunquam dentatam expanso ; squamae faucis breves ovatae vel semiorbiculares vulgo integrae. Staminum filamenta glabra. Ovarium ovato-oblongum uniloculare stylis tribus praeditum. } SPECIES ASIATICAE, 227 Capsula ovato-oblonga gynopodio vix longior seminibus dense et minute tuberculatis. China :—-N.W. Yunnan. Monbeig. No. 37. “Mekong valley, Yunnan. Lat. 28° 12’ N. Alt. 7ooo ft. Plant of 6-zo inches. Flowers pink. Open dry stony situations. July 1917.” G. Forrest. No. 14,104. Silene (Melandryum) oblanceolata, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov. Species affinis S. Delavayt, Franch. et S. melananthae, Franch.; a priore pedicellis longioribus, floribus multo minoribus pallidis inter alia divergit ; ab altero foliis oblanceolatis obtusis, floribus haud atropurpureis praeter alia signa recognoscitur. Planta nana ad 15 cm. alta perennis. Radix fusiformi- incrassata. Caules plerumque 2-4, origine infrarosulares, erecti, simplices vel pauciramosi, sparsim, foliosi, pilis albidis glandu- losis plus minusve induti. Folia rosulata in petiolum latum marginatum laminam subaequantem attenuata, cum petiolo 4-10 cm. longa, I-2.5 cm. lata; lamina oblanceolata, apice vulgo obtusa breviter apiculata, basi sensim cuneata, margine minute ciliata, membranacea, in sicco utrinque pallido-viridis, glabra vel fere glabra, utrinque papillata, costa media straminea, nervis ceteris subobscuris; folia caulina inferiora pauca basilaribus similia sed breviora, supra mox in bracteas ad 2 cm. longas lanceo- latas vel lineari-lanceolatas utrinque glanduloso-pilosas decre- scentia, Inflorescentia terminalis subscapiformis laxa dichotome cymosa, plerumque 3-9-flora ; pedicelli 3 cm. longi vel ultra calycem longe superantes dense glanduloso-pilosi ; bracteolae lineares glandulosae. Calyx 12-13 mm. longus, e basi truncata paulo angustata tubuloso-campanulatus, pallido-rubicundus, ad sixtam partem in lobos triangulares obtusiusculos purpurascentes dense glandulosos divisus, extra ad nervos distinctos dense glandulosus, intervallis pergamentaceis fere glabris. — Petala calycem quadrante vix superantia, rosea, ungue glabro in auri- culas paululo erosulas sensim dilatato et in laminam cire. 4 mm. longam ad duas partes quadrilobam expanso, lobis medianis majoribus oblongis saepe iterum partitis vel denticulatis, ex- terioribus lineari-oblongis ; squamae faucis breves quadratae apice nonnunquam denticulatae. Staminum filamenta glabra. Ovarium ovato-oblongum uniloculare stylis tribus coronatum. Capsula ovato-oblonga, gynophoro quadruplo longior ; semina reniformia cristis undique ornata. es “ China :—Yunnan, on the Mekong-Salween divide. Lat, 28° 10’ N._ Alt. 11,000 ft. Plant of 4-6 inches. Flowers pale rose-magenta. Open stony pasture and on the ledges of cliffs. Sept. 1914.”’ G. Forrest. No. 13,331. 228 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM. The following is closely allied and probably a white form of the preceding : — “China :—Yunnan, Lichiang Range. Lat. 27° 30’ N. Alt. 10,000 ft. Plant of 2-6 inches. Flowers white. On humus-covered boulders. Aug. 1913.” G. Forrest. No. 10,909. all Silene (Melandryum) praticola, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov. Species ex affinitate S. dumicolae, W. W. Sm. a qua foliis acutis vel subacuminatis, inflorescentiis congestis, calycis costis distinctissimis, petalorum lamina aliter fissa inter alia removitur ; a a Pomeligoge Franch. petalis albis quadrilobis inter signa alia me elata ad 60 cm. alta, simplex vel medio ramosa. Radices plures tuberoso-fugiformes. Caules solitarii, in sicco straminei, sat foliosi, erecti, pilis albidis flaccidis plus minusve dense induti. Folia sessilia vel brevissime petiolata ; lamina plerumque 4-7 cm. longa, 2.5~—3.5 cm. lata, ovata, apice acuta vel subacuminata, breviter mucronulata, basi rotundata, mar- gine pilis rigidis asperata, subpapyracea, in sicco utrinque pallido-viridis, supra undique scabrida, infra ad nervos 2-3 paria eminentes pilis asperata, ceteroquin pilosula atque scabridula. Inflorescentia terminalis 5—7 cm. longa, 6-9 cm. lata, congesta, cymoso-corymbosa ; bracteae ovato-lanceolatae vel lanceolatae, foliaceae, ut folia indutae, supra sensim decrescentes ; “bracteolae lineari-lanceolatae foliaceae; pedunculi pedicellique breves rigidi densissime albido- vel fulvido-pilosi; pedicelli calycem subaequantes vel breviores. Calyx 14-16 mm. longus, tubuloso- campanulatus, basi vix constrictus, in sicco stramineus, ad quartam partem vel paulo ultra divisus, extus ad costas dis- tinctissimas setoso-pilosus, intervallis glabris pergamentaceis ; lobi ovati, marginibus partis superioris ita ventrali-adpressis ut acumen 2 mm. longum formatum sit. Petala calycem triente superantia, alba, roseo-suffusa, ungue in auriculas integras sensim dilatato et in laminam ovatam quadrilobam expanso, lobis medianis multo majoribus oblongis, lateralibus multoties minoribus ; squamae breves quadrato-oblongae integrae. Stami- num filamenta glabra. Ovarium ovatum uniloculare stylis tribus instructum. Capsula ovato-oblonga, gynophoro triplo longior ; semina reniformia minute tuberculata, nigra ‘ a a :—Yunnan, mountains N.W. of Chien-chuan. Lat. 26° 50’ N. Alt. gooo ft. Plant of 2 ft. Flowers white, flushed rose. Dry stony meadows. July 1014.’’ G. Forrest. No. ~ °83,037- ee This species is closely allied to S. dumicola, W. W. Sm.. * SPECIES ASIATICAE. 229 described above, and is well distinguished by the congested corymbose inflorescence and the entirely different calyx. OF Silene (Melandryum) salweenensis, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov. Species affinis S. Monbeigit, W. W. Sm. a qua foliis majoribus obovatis, calyce aliter diviso, corollae lamina aliter secta differt ; a S. viscidula, Franch. et S. langkongensi, Franch. calycis forma et laminae lobis longe distat. Planta 40-60 cm. alta. Radix non visa. Caules ut videtur —4, primo ascendentes deinde erecti, ramosi vel subsimplices, bene foliosi, infra albido-pubescentes, supra plus minusve glandu- losi. Folia caulina breviter connata in petiolum latissimum vix discretum attenuata; lamina 2-4 cm. longa, I-2.2 cm. lata, obovata, apice rotundata vel obtusa acumine ipso breviter apiculata, basi late cuneata, margine asperato-ciliolata, mem- branacea, tactu papillis scabridula, ad costam prominulam infra sparsim pilosula, ceteroquin glabra vel subglabra ; folia superne in bracteas multo minores ovatas vel lanceolatas vel lineares dense glanduloso-pilosulas abeuntia. Inflorescentiae terminales cymosae 7—15-florae ; axes dense glandulosi ; pedicelli inferiores calycem aequantes vel paulo longiores glandulosi. Calyx 12-13 mm. longus, medio circ. 3 mm. latus, anguste tubulosus sed vix clavato-tubulosus, basi umbilicatus et paulo angustatus, nervis 10 viridibus in sicco vix purpurascentibus, ad partem octavam in lobos rotundatos vel obtuse deltoideos purpureo-tinctos divisus, extra sparsiuscule glandulosus. Petala calycem circ. 5 mm. superantia, rosea, ungue glabro supra sensim dilatato in auriculas vix distinctas integras, deinde breviter contracto et in laminam ambitu suborbicularem circ. 3.5 mm. longam quadri- lobam transeunte, lobis lateralibus ad dentes reductis, medianis quadrato-oblongis integris, sinu ad mediam laminam pertinente : squamae faucis parvae vix 0.5 mm. superantes oblongae integrae. Stamina ad medium calycem attingentia filamentis glabris. Ovarium breviter oblongum uniloculare stylis tribus quadruplo longioribus praeditum, gynophoro aequilongum. Capsula ovato- oblonga, gynophoro vix longior sexdentata. ina :—-Mekong-Salween divide, Yunnan, in open situa- tions on the margins of scrub. Lat. 28° 12’ N. Alt. 6000-7000 ft. Plant of 16-24 inches. Flowers rose-pink. Sept. 1917. G. Forrest. No: 14,764. ; 5% Sisymbrium yunnanense, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov. e Species ex affinitate S. Loiselii, Linn. a quo foliis omnino diversis, seminibus biseriatis inter alia recedit. Wor? 230° DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM. Planta ad 1.5 m. alta ut videtur biennis. Caulis crassus sub anthesi glaberrimus albido- vel purp ti-glaucus. Folia superiora petiolo 3-10 mm. longo sparsim albo-pilosulo praedita, circ. Io cm. longa, circ. 3 cm. lata, lanceolata, indivisa, apice _ plus minusve acuminata, basi in petiolum alatum attenuata, margine remote et minute denticulata, membranacea, supra glabra vel subglabra, infra et ad marginem pilis albidis plus minusvye dense conspersa; folia mediana paulo majora basi runcinato-divisa, segmento terminali multo majore, lateralibus paucis parvis ; folia ad basim regionis floralis linearia vel lineari- lanceolata. Inflorescentia racemosa pauciramosa; axis glabra vel subglabra ; pedicelli ad 1 cm. longi. Sepala 7-8 mm. longa, oblonga, obtusa, pallide viridia, margine anguste scariosa. Petala g-10 mm. longa, anguste spathulata, pallido-flava. Siliqua vix matura ad 3.5 cm. longa seminibus biseriatis. “China :—Mountains in the N.E. of the Yangtze bend, Yunnan, in stony situations amongst scrub. Lat. 27° 45’ N. Alt. 10,000 ft. Plant of 4-5 ft. Flowers pale yellow. July 1913. G. Forrest. No. 10,593. “ On the Bei-ma Shan, Yunnan, in open situations by streams. Lat. 28° 12’ N. Alt. 10,000 ft. Plant of 2-3 ft. Flowers pale yellow, June 1o17.” G. Forrest. No. 14,016. Vaccinium oreotrephes, W. W. Sm. Sp. nov. Species ex affinitate V. vibuynoidis, Rehder et Wilson (mihi non visi) ; ramulis puberulis, foliis minoribus brevius petiolatis, calycis lobis glabris recedit. Frutex 30-75 cm. altus ramis crassis; ramuli plus minusve crispato-pilosuli tarde glabrescentes, vetustiores cinerascentes. Folia petiolo crasso 1 mm. longo vel paulo longiore pilosulo praedita ; lamina 3-4 mm. longa, 1.5-2 cm. lata, elliptica vel subobovata, apice obtusa vel rotundata, obtuse mucronata, basi late cuneata, denticulis adpressis crenato-serrulata, ad basim subintegra, coriacea, supra subnitenti-viridis ad costam impressam minute pilosula, infra pallidior glabra nervis 4-5 paribus cum costa paulo elevatis. Racemiad apicem ramulorum congesti, circ. I cm. longi, 5—10-flori, glabri vel minute pilosull ; bracteae suborbiculares vel obovatae, 5-7 mm. longae, mem- branaceae, rubidae, minute ciliolatae, deciduae; bracteolae subellipticae circ. 3 mm, longae, albido-membranaceae, cilio- latae ; pedicelli 1-3 mm. longi, glabri. Calyx cum recepta- Oo are. 2 mm. longus glaber lobis 0.5-r1 mm. longis latissimis marginem undulatum calyci efficientibus. Corolla circ. 6 mm. longa, urceolata, rosea, glabra, ore angusto, lobis Mminutis recurvis.. Stamina filamentis basi dilatatis pilosis 2 SPECIES ASIATICAE, 231 mm. longis praedita; antherae 2 mm. longae dorso minute bicalcaratae. Stylus inclusus glaber stigmate anguste capitato. Fructus (in sicco compressus) fere I cm. diametro niger seminibus ellipsoideis. “China :—On the Bei-ma Shan, Yunnan, on open rocky moorland. Lat. 28° 12’.N. Alt. 14,000 ft. Shrub of 2 ft. Flowers rose. July 1917.’’ G. Forrest. No. 14,337. ““ Mekong-Salween divide, Yunnan, in open rocky situations amongst dwarf scrub. Lat. 28° 12’ N. Alt. 12,000-13,000 ft. Undershrub of 1-2} ft. Flowers rose-red. June 1917.’”’ G. Forrest. No. 14,067. “ Sept. 1917. Duplicate in fruit ; fruits black.’’ G. Forrest. No. 14,830. . This species is closely allied to the Szechuan V, viburnoides, Rehder and Wilson, which has been found only once. The Forrestian plant is distinguished by the smaller leaves and eciliate calyx. 555 Vaccinium taliense, W. W. 5m. Sp. nov. Species affinis V. Doniano, Wight et S. mekongenst, W. W. Sm. et S. salweenensi, W. W. Sm. ; foliis parvis utrinque plus minusve pilosis, pedicellis pilosis, antheris biaristatis inter alia signa bene notata. . Frutex circ. 1 m. altus, ramosissimus, ramulis subtortuosis multo intertextis primo dense pilosulis annotinis glabrescentibus cinerascentibus. Folia petiolo circ. 2 mm. longo dense fulvido- vel albido-pilosulo suffulta ; lamina vulgo 2-3 cm. longa, I-I.5 cm. lata, ovato-lanceolata vel subelliptica, apice acuta vel breviter acuminata, basi rotundata vel late cuneata, margine regulariter atque minute serrulata, mempbranacea, supra opaco- viridis ad costam dense pilosula ceteroquin sparsim, infra pallidior undique plus minusve dense albido-pilosa, nervis 4-5 paribus subconspicuis. Inflorescentiae racemosae densiflorae ; raceml circ. 4 cm. longi dense aggregati ex axillis foliorum delapsorum orientes ; rhachis densiuscule pilosula ; bracteae et bracteolae 2-3 mm. longae lanceolatae vel lineari-lanceolatae pilosulae cito deciduae ;_ pedicelli circ. I mm. longi plus minusve pilosuli. Calyx plus minusve viridis ad lobos rubidus ; tubus cum ovario circ. 1.5 mm. longus subglaber ; lobi 1 mm. longi triangulares acuti albido-ciliolati. Corolla 5-6 mm. longa urceolata laete rosea extra ad apicem pilosula, intus ad lobos breves minute et Sparsim pilosula. Stamina circ. 4 mm. longa filamentis dense albo-pilosulis antheris dorso longe biaristatis. Stylus circ. 5 mm. longus glaber. Fructus deest “* China :—Western flank the Tali Range, Yunnan, in 232 DIAGNOSES SPECIERUM NOVARUM. open situations amongst boulders. Alt. 8000-go00 ft. Shrub of 3-4 ft. Flowers bright rose, lined deeper. May 1917.” G. Forrest. No. 13,715. The western side of the Tali Range (from which this species comes) has not been explored botanically to any extent, and must contain many species of interest. Gesneracearum Novitates. BY WILLIAM GRANT CRAIB, M.A., Lecturer on Forést Botany and Indian Forest Trees in the University of Edinburgh. THE following novelties are included :— Ancylostemon, Craib, gen. nov., p. 233. A. concavum, Craib, sp. nov., p. 234. A. convexum, Craib, sp. nov., p. 235 6 . Bodinieri, Craib, sp. nov., p. 2 Didissandra bhutanica, Craib, sp. 54- nov., p. 240. bullata, Craib, sp. nov., p. 240. grandis, Craib, sp. nov., p. 244 Labordei, Craib, sp. nov., p. 245. i i . 245. flabellata, Craib, sp. nov., p. 243. DOUYUEUEOYUOD E oO 4 Rd © Ee > nn 4) g ° a a | OV N On I. Farreri, Craib, sp. nov., p. 250. Ornithoboea arachnoidea, Craib, comb. nov., p. 251. Ancylostemon,* Craib, gen. nov. Calyx ad medium vel ultra medium 5-lobatus, rarius fere ad basem 5-partitus, lobis segmentisve inter se subaequalibus lanceo- latis lateve lanceolatis interdum margine denticulatis. Corolla tubulosa, supra medium postice plus minusve ventricosa, ima basi parum gibbosa, limbo e labiis duobus haud patentibus postico 2-lobato vel subintegro antico 3-lobato postico saepissime con- spicue longiore constituto. Stamina 4, filamentis infra corollae * Name derived from ayxtan and orhuer, suggested by the bend at top of the [Notes, R.B.G., Edin., No. LV, November 1919.] \ atho 234 CRAIB—GESNERACEARUM NOVITATES. tubi medium insertis rectis sed apice subito inflexis, antheris per paria cohaerentibus rimis longitudinalibus dehiscentibus. Discus conspicuus, pistilli basem laxe cingens. Ovarium superum, lineare, breviter stipitatum, superne in stylum angustatum, stigmate bilobulato, placentis intrusis bilamellatis facie interiore nudis. Capsula linearis vel subclavato-linearis, valvis rectis haud tortis.—Herbae acaules ; folia omnia basalia, saepius dense rosulata, matura distincte petiolata, varie pilosa vel subhirsuta, margine crenulata vel saepius crassius denticulata lobulatave, penninervia, nervis subtus prominentibus. Scapi solitarii vel plures, glanduloso-pilosi, inflorescentiam cymosam umbelli- formem plurifloram gerentes, rarius uniflori. Calyx saepissime viridis. Corolla lutea, extra plus minusve glanduloso-pilosa. » Ancylostemon concavum, Craib, sp. nov. Herba acaulis, rhizomate recto saepissime brevi radices numerosas gerente. Folia ut videtur suberecta haud patula, ovata vel oblongo-ovata, apice acuta, basi saepe inaequilater- alia, truncata cordatave, usque ad 10 cm. longa et 6 cm. lata, membranacea vel submembranacea, supra iuventute breviter subsericea praetereaque pilis longis brunneis sparse instructa, indumento cito laxiore, subtus indumento simili sed ad costam nervosque laterales densiore tecta, nervis lateralibus utrinque 5-7 intra marginem furcatis supra subconspicuis subtus promi- nulis, margine dentato-lobulata, lobulis saepissime acutis latere inferiore pauci-serrulatis superiore saepissime integris, interiora brevius petiolata, exteriora petiolo usque ad 11 cm. longo supra saltem superne canaliculato et pilis brevioribus albis divergenti- bus et pilis longis brunneis tecto suffulta. Pedunculi plures vel Sat numerosi, infructescentes folia exteriora vix aequantes, plus minusve rubescentes, indumento ei petiolorum simili sed multo laxius tecti, uniflori vel saepius cymam corymbiformem pluri- floram gerentes ; bracteae virides, lineares vel lanceolatae, acutae, ad 1 cm. longae, pilis et brevibus albis et longis brunneis in- structae, pedicellis inaequalibus terminalibus ad 3.5 cm. longis. Calyx viridis, extra pilis et brevibus albis et longis brunneis subsparse tectus, sub anthesin campanulatus vel haud rarius oblongo-campanulatus, circa Ir mm. longus, tubo lobis circa duplo longiore, lobis rarius integris saepissime pauci-serrulatis, intra subglaber, post anthesin accrescens, late campanulatus, ad 16 mm. longus, in fructu persistens. Corolla extra pilis longius- culis albis sat dense instructa, intra pilis brevibus albis sparse instructa ; tubus 2 cm. longus, postice superne parum inflatus ; labium posticum 3 mm. longum, basi circa 4.5 mm. latum, lateribus concavum vel subrectum, apice truncatum, brevius bilobulatum, lobulis emarginatis incrassatis, anticum 3-partitum, CRAIB—GESNERACEARUM NOVITATES. 235 segmentis inter se subaequalibus oblongis vel obovato-oblongis 5-7 mm. longis 3.5-4 mm. latis. Stamina antica corollae tubo subaequialta, filamentis circa 14 mm. supra corollae basem insertis, filamentis lateralibus anticis paulo inferius insertis cum anticis glabris ; antherarum loculi circa 0.75 mm. longi; stamen posticum ad staminodium 1 mm. longum glabrum circa 8 mm. supra corollae basem insertum redactum. Discus glaber, 3-3.5 mm. altus, inaequaliter 5-lobulatus, lobis apice rotundatis. Ovarium stipite circa 4 mm. longo incluso 1.3 cm. altum, glabrum vel pilis brevibus hic illic instructum, stylo 6 mm. longo, stigmate stylo latiore. Capsula stipite incluso saepissime 44.5 cm. longa, calyce styloque vel huius saltem parte inferiore persistentibus. Yunnan. Mekong-Yangtze divide; Kari Pass, 11,000 ft. Lat. 27° 40’ N. Plant of 4-7 inches. Flowers deep orange. ‘On trunks of trees and moss-covered boulders in shady situa- tions. G. Forrest, 12,943. Flr. et fr. Aug. 1914. To this species probably also belongs the following plant collected in fruit only :— Yunnan. Mekong-Salwin divide, 10,000 ft: Lat; 28°: 20"-N. Plant of 3-5 inches ; in fruit. On trees and rocks in shady situa- tions. G. Forrest, 13,445. Fr. Oct. 1914. \a&t Ancylostemon convexum, Craib, sp. nov. Herba acaulis, rhizomate perenni brevi radices numerosas emittente. Folia ovato- vel lanceolato-oblonga, rarius ovata, apice acuta, basi late cuneata vel saepe cordatula, usque ad 14 cm. longa et 7.5 cm. lata, membranacea vel chartaceo-mem- branacea, supra viridia, primo subsericea et pilis longis brunneis instructa, indumento mox multo laxiore, subtus pallidiora, indumento subsimili tecta sed ad costam nervosque laterales brunneo-barbata, nervis lateralibus utrinque 5-8 intra marginem furcatis supra subconspicuis vel fere obscuris subtus prominulis, margine longius brunneo-ciliata, dentato-lobulata, lobulis mar- gine inferiore pauci-serratis superiore saepissime integris, petiolo ad 9 cm. longo pilis longis brunneis lanuginoso et albis breviter pubescente suffulta. Pedunculi saepissime plures, indumento ei petiolorum simili sed multo laxiore tecti, flores saepissime oblongo-ovatis apice obtusis subintegris vel saepius pauci-denti- culatis trinerviis. Corollae tubus 2 cm. longus, extra subsparse albo-pubescens ; labium posticum rotundatum, emarginulatum, 236 CRAIB—GESNERACEARUM NOVITATES. 4 mm. longum, 7 mm, latum, anticum ad basem tripartitum, segmentis subellipticis vel ovato-ellipticis lateralibus mediano paulo brevioribus circa 6.5 mm. longis et 4 mm. latis omnibus ciliatis. Antherae anticae corollae tubum paululo superantes, laterales corollae tubum vix aequantes, filamentis omnibus parce pubescentibus, anticis circa 15 mm. supra tubi basem et 3.5 mm. supra lateralia affixis. Discus 1.5 mm. altus, apice 5-lobulatus, glaber. Ovarium circa 9 mm. altum, stipite calyci subaequialto suffultum, stylo 5 mm. longo, stigmate bilobulato. Capsula, stipite incluso, circa 3 cm. longa unnan. Eastern flank of the Tali Range, gooo—10,000 ft. Lat. 25° 40’ N. Plant of 4-8 inches ; flowers deep ruddy orange. On humus-covered boulders and trees. G. Forrest, 7105. Fl. July r9ro. Ibid. G. Forrest, 4803. Fl. June-July 1906. G. Forrest, 15,483. Fl. et fr. Aug. 1917. G. Forrest, 15,930. Fl. Aug.- Sept. 1917. Forrest, 4803, was identified by Diels as Didymocarpus aurea (Franchet) Diels (v. Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., vii, p. 271). Franchet distinctly states that his species of Roettlera have all got 2 stamens only, not 4. Briggsia,* Craib, gen. nov. Calyx in segmenta 5 inter se aequalia vel subaequalia saepis- sime lanceolata conspicue obscureve 3~—5-nervia in alabastris aperta partitus. Corolla speciosa, ima basi cylindrica, postice plus minusve gibbosa, deinde antice conspicue inflata et interdum postice etiam sed minus conspicue inflata, bilabiata ; labium posticum 2-lobatum, anticum 3-lobatum, postico longius. Stamina 4, inclusa, antheris per paria cohaerentibus rimis in unam arcuatam mox confluentibus dehiscentibus, filamentis arcuatim inflexis ad corollae tubi basem vel paulo altius affixis ; stamen posticum ad staminodium redactum. Discus conspicuus, cupularis cylindricusve, pistilli basem laxe arcteve cingens. Ovarium superum, basi in stipitem brevem attenuatum, stylo conspicuo, stigmate mediocri bilobulato incluso, placentis bi- partitis intrusis facie interiore nudis. Capsula elongata, linearis vel superne paulo ampliata, valvis rectis ; semina minuta, fusi- formia.——Herbae acaules, rhizomate crasso, foliis omnibus basalibus, rarius caulescentes, rhizomate tenuiore. Folia sim- plicia, subsessilia vel distincte petiolata, pilis albis brunneisve - * Named in honour of Munro Briggs Scott, M.A., B.Sc., who fell in the battle of Arras in the spring of 1917. His work as a systematic botanist was only begun, but in his brief tenure of the post of Assistant in the Herbarium attached ) Gardens, Kew, he gave exceptional promise of a very brilliant CRAIB—GESNERACEARUM NOVITATES. 237 transverse septatis flaccidis rarius rigidis instructa, vel in specie- bus paucis glabra, penninervia, margine varie denticulata vel subintegra. Pedunculi plures, uniflori vel cymam plurifloram umbelliformem gerentes, bracteis conspicuis. \42°Briggsia Forrestii, Craib, sp. nov. Herba perennis, acaulis, rhizomate brevi radices numerosas emittente. Folia ut videtur saepissime prostrata, ovato-oblonga, oblonga vel lanceolato-ovata, apice rotundata, rarius obtusa, basi rotundata vel cuneato-rotundata, haud rarius inaequi- lateralia, usque ad 15 cm. longa et 8 cm. lata, chartacea, supra sicco vel ad costam nervosque laterales albescentia et aliter viridia vel omnino fuscescentia, pilis longis brunneis transverse septatis e pyramide viridi singulatim ortis laxe tecta et pilis brevissimis glanduloso-capitatis hic illic instructa, subtus pallidiora, ad costam nervosque pilis brunneis similibus tecta praetereaque albo-puberula et sparse minuteque glandulosa, nervis lateralibus utrinque 6-8 supra conspicuis vel subconspicuis subtus promi- nulis, margine subacute vel obtuse denticulata, petiolo usque ad 6 cm. longo supra planiusculo indumento ei foliorum paginae inferioris simili tecto suffulta. Pedunculi communes plures, saepissime circa 12 cm. alti, plus minusve rubescentes, pilis longis brunneis transverse septatis praesertim inferne tecti et albo- : puberuli et pilis albis brevibus glanduloso-capitatis instructi, I-2-flori; bracteae virides, circa 3 mm. longae ; pedicelli circa 2 cm. longi, glanduloso-pilosuli et saepe pilis paucis longis brun- neis instructi. Calyx plus minusve rubescens, dorso pilis longis brunneis transverse septatis sparse tectus et breviter albo- pubescens pilis hic aliis glanduloso-capitatis aliis haud glandu- losis, in segmenta 5 lanceolato-oblonga obtusa 5 mm. longa 2 mm. lata ciliata intra setulis paucis instructa fere ad basem partitus. Corollae tubus 3.4 cm. longus, extra praesertim inferne sparse glanduloso-pilosulus ; labium posticum circa 8 mm. longum, 10 mm. latum, bene ultra medium in lobos late ob- longos apice emarginatos circa 6 mm. latos imbricatos bifidum, anticum circa 2 cm. longum, vix ad medium 3-lobatum, lobis late ellipticis imbricatis circa 9 mm. latis emarginatis retusisve, lobis omnibus pilis capitatis transverse septatis ciliatis, sinu inter labia lato basi rotundato, labiis ambobus et tubo intra pilis capi- tatis transverse septatis sparse tectis. Stamina antica lateralia paululo superantia, 4 mm. supra corollae basem et 5.5 mm. infra lateralia inserta, filamentis omnibus subdense glanduloso- pubescentibus, lateralibus anticis paulo tenuioribus ; antherae suborbiculares vel transverse late ellipticae, rimis mox con- fluentibus, connectivo glabro ; stamen posticum ad staminodium breve circa 3 mm. supra corollae basem insertum redactum. D ar 233 CRAIB—-GESNERACEARUM NOVITATES. Discus 1.5 mm. altus, apice undulatus. Ovarium stipite 7-8 mm. longo ovario vix angustiore subglabro incluso 2 cm. longum, pilis capitatis transverse septatis instructum ; stylus cum stigmate bipartito 3 mm. longo 9 mm. longus, pilis iis ovarii similibus sed numerosioribus tectus. Capsula stipite incluso 4-5.5 cm. longa Yunnan. Shweli-Salwin divide, 10,000 ft. Lat. 25° 30’ N. Plant of 4-7 inches. Flowers pale rosy-purple, lined deeper, with a tinge of yellow on lip. Moist shady moss-covered rocks. G. Forfest, 16,096. Fl. et fr. Sept. 1917. Ibid. 8000-go00 ft. G. Forrest, 17,552. Fl. et fr. June 1918. Shweli Valley, 5000-6000 ft. Lat. 24° 50’ N. Plant of 3-6 inches. In fruit. On trees and rocks in shagy situations. G. Forrest, 7985. Fr. May 1912. In the absence of flowers the latter plant, collected in a late fruiting condition, may probably belong to a distinct species, but in its characters it shows a strong resemblance to the flower- ing specimens of later collecting. The following plant, represented by inadequate material, agrees with this species in habit and superficial characters :—- Upper Burma. Valley of Naung-chaung. Flowers purple, throat of corolla striped and mottled with white on lower half. On wet rock slabs, in deep shade of forest and gullies or in river bed. Ward, 1888. Briggsia longifolia, Craib, sp. nov. Herba acaulis, rhizomate brevi radices numerosas rigidas emittente. Folia lanceolata, apice acuta vel subacuta, basi in petiolum attenuata, usque ad 23 cm. longa et 3 cm. lata, rigide chartacea, supra viridia, pilis albis brevibus rigidis marginem versus numerosioribus hirsuta, subtus pallidiora, pilis longioribus praesertim ad costam instructa, praetereaque pagina utraque pilis brevibus glanduloso-capitatis subsparse instructa, nervis lateralibus utrinque 6-8 sat obliquis supra subconspicuis subtus prominulis, costa pagina superiore conspicua inferiore prominente, margine serrulata, ciliata, petiolo lamina decurrente superne anguste alato ad 8 cm. longo pilis albis longiusculis divergentibus tecto praetereaque pilis brevibus glanduloso-capitatis subsparse instructo suffulta. Pedunculi communes plures, folia saepissime subaequantes, 2~-5-flori, indumento ei petiolorum simili tecti ; bracteae 2, virides, angustae, circa 4 mm: longae ; pedicelli sub anthesin saepissime circa 3 cm. longi. C alyx viridis, extra pilis rigidis teas septatis instructus, intra nisi summum apicem versus glaber, 6.5 mm. longus, in segmenta 5 lanceolata vel - shiesge-lancealate apice acuta 2.5 mm. lata ciliata partitus. CRAIB—GESNERACEARUM NOVITATES. 239 Corolla extra praesertim inferne pilis glanduloso-capitatis sub- sparse tecta ; tubus circa 22 mm. longus, intra pilis glanduloso- capitatis sparsis instructus ; labium posticum 3 mm. longum, basi 9 mm. latum, ad medium lobatum ; labium anticum circa Io mm. longum et 12 mm. latum, vix ad medium 3-lobatum, lobis omnibus ciliatis. Stamina antica corollae tubo subae- quialta, lateralia paululo superantia ; filamenta glabra, antica circa 2.5 mm. supra corollae tubi basem et 4 mm. infra lateralia inserta ; antherae circa 1.75 mm. longae et 2 mm. latae ; stamen posticum ad staminodium circa 1 mm. longum glabrum circa 3 mm. supra corollae basem insertum redactum. Discus 1.5- 1.75 mm. altus, glaber, apice subintiger vel distincte undulato- lobatus. Ovarium stipite brevi incluso 12 mm. longum, glabrum, stylo 4.5 mm. longo pilis glanduloso-capitatis tecto, stigmate bilobato. Capsula, stipite incluso, ad 5 cm. longa. Yunnan. Western flank of the Shweli-Salwin divide, 10,000 ft. Lat? 25° 260° -N. Plant of 6-12 inches. Flowers deep orange. On ledges of cliffs and on humus-covered boulders. G. Forrest, 8984. Fl. er fr. Aug. 1912. 15,828. Fl. et fr. Aug. 1917. Shweli-Salwin divide. Lat. 25° 30’ N. Alt. 8000 ft. Plant of 6-10 inches. Flowers yellow, flushed deep purple-crimson at margins. On trees and rocks in shady side valleys. G. Forrest, 17,619. FI. et fr. July, Aug. 1918. Briggsia Mairei, Craib, sp. nov. Rhizoma crassum. Folia omnia basalia, ovata, oblongo- ovata oblongave, apicem versus angustata, basi cordata vel cordatula, usque ad 7 cm. longa et 4.7 cm. lata, chartacea vel rigide chartacea, pagina superiore pilis albis longiusculis trans- verse septatis laxius tecta, inferiore pallidiora, ad costam nervosque laterales pilis longis brunneis cito agglutinatis obtecta, aliter pilosula, nervis lateralibus utrinque 4-5 subtus prominulis bene intra marginem furcatis, margine grossius dentata vel crenato-dentata, petiolo ad Io cm. longo pilis longis brunneis cito agglutinatis obtecto suffulta. Pedunculi communes solitarii vel bini, ad 15 cm. alti, pilis longiusculis brunneis transverse apice bibracteati, bracteis dorso brunneo- lliformem paucifloram gerentes ; Calyx extra dense brunneo- ter se vix aequalibus lanceo- septatis instructi, barbatis, inflorescentiam umbe pedicelli usque ad 3.8 cm. longi. pilosus, intra glaber, segmentis 5 in ; : latis vel oblongo-lanceolatis circa 6 mm. longis 1.5-2.5 mm. latis 5-nerviis, nervis intramarginalibus obscuris. Corolla violacea (ex Maire), extra basem versus dense brunneo-glanduloso-pilosa, superne pilis multo brevioribus capitatis sparse instructa, intra sparse glanduloso-pilosa, pilis omnibus transverse septatis ; tubus circa 2.8 cm. longus; labium posticum 5 mm. longum, 240 CRAIB—GESNERACEARUM NOVITATES. bilobulatum, anticum circa 1.5 cm. longum, 3-lobatum, lobis oblongo-rotundatis circa 7.5 mm. longis. Stamina inclusa ; - filamenta 4.5—6 mm. supra tubi basem inserta, inferne glanduloso- villosa. Discus circa 2 mm. altus, ob plicas longitudinales primo aspectu 5-partitus, stipitem laxe cingens. Ovarium stipite incluso I.9 cm. altum, glabrum, stylo 7 mm. longo, stigmate bilobato.—Didissandrva saxatilis, Lévl., Cat. Pl. Yunnan, p. 123, non Hemsl. Yunnan. Tong-tchouan, 2700 m., Maire, 210, 213, 7455. Fl. Sept.; ibid., 2600 m., Maire, 285 et sine num. FI. Oct. Ta-hai, 3000 m., Maire. FI. July. Didissandra bhutanica, Craib, sp. nov. Herba nana, interdum stolonifera. Folia rosulatim disposita, ovato-lanceolata vel elliptica, apice obtusa vel rotundata, basi in petiolum cuneatim angustata, usque ad 20 mm. longa et 13 mm. lata, sed saepissime minora, coriacea, supra viridia, mox nisi ima basi medio glabra, subtus pallidiora, ad costam nervosque laterales dense cinnamomeo-lanuginosa, inter nervos sparse albo- vel brunneo-pilosa, nervis lateralibus utrinque 2-3, supra saepis- sime impressis subtus prominentibus, margine integra vel sub- integra, petiolo circa 13 mm. rarissime ad 20 mm. longo iuventute ense cinnamomeo-lanuginoso suffulta. Pedunculi saepissime plures, uni- vel pluri-flori, floribus umbellatim dispositis, ad 6 cm. alti, pilis longiusculis transverse septatis superne subdense inferne sparse instructi. Calyx fuscus, extra glaber vel sub- glaber, 5-partitus, segmentis inter se subaequalibus lanceolatis vel lineari-lanceolatis apice obtusis circa 3.5 mm. longis et I mm. latis trinerviis. Corollae tubus 7.5 mm. longus, intra antice pilosus, pilis plerisque in lineas duas cum lobis alternantes dis- Discus annuliformis. Pistillum calyce subaequialtum, stylo ovario paulo longiore. Capsula ad 16 mm. longa. Bhutan. Dotena Timpu, 8000 ft., on sloping rock faces. R. E. Cooper, 2508 (type). Tilagong Timpu, 6000 ft., in crevices of rocks. R. Cooper, 2437. Chukha Timpu, 4400 ft., in crevices of rocks. R. E. Cooper, 1244. (Ql Didissandra bullata, Craib, sp. nov. Rhizoma crassum. Folia omnia basalia, matura laxe, _ iuniora dense rosulatim disposita, patentia, lanceolata, oblanceo- CRAIB—GESNERACEARUM NOVITATES. 241 lata ovatave, apicem versus angustata, summo apice obtusa, basi cuneata, in petiolum angustata, usque ad 3 cm. longa et 1.7 cm. lata, coriacea, supra conspicue bullata, iuventute pilis longis paucis instructa, matura subglabra, subtus ad costam nervosque dense cinnamomeo-lanuginosa, pilis saepe mox agglutinatis, aliter cinnamomeo-pilosa, nervis lateralibus utrinque 3-4 subtus valde prominentibus supra impressis, margine crassius denticulata vel crenato-serrata, matura petiolo ad 2 cm. longo supra parce longe piloso subtus dense cinnamomeo-lanuginoso suffulta. Pedunculi communes ad 7, primo dense cinnamomeo- lanuginosi, demum glabrescentes, ad g cm. alti, inflorescentiam multifloram subcongestam umbelliformem gerentes ;_ pedicelli ad 1 cm. longi. Calyx cito glaber, sicco fuscus, in segmenta 5 inter se subaequalia oblonga vel oblongo-lanceolata apice obtusa 3- vel 5-nervia, nervis paulo infra apicem coniunctis, vix 4 mm. longa 1.5 mm. lata partitus. Corollae tubus g.5-I0 mm. longus, intra postice glaber, antice pilis plerisque in lineas duas cum lobis alternantes dispositis instructus, limbo bilabiato, labio postico 2.5 mm. longo bilobato, antico 5.5 mm. longo bene ultra medium 3-lobato lobis oblongis apice rotundatis. Antherae per paria cohaerentes, filamentis glabris, staminibus anticis corollae tubo subaequilongis. Discus annularis. Pistillum calyce paulo longius, stylo apice bilobulato ovario paulo breviore. Capsula fusca, ad 1.6 cm. longa, valvis haud tortis.—D. lanuginosa, Lévl., Cat. Pl. Yunnan, p. 123, pro parte, vix C. B. Clarke. Yunnan. Mi-cote a Tong-tchouan, 2600 m., sur les rochers. Fleurs bleu de ciel. E. E. Maire. Fl. July-Aug. Didissandra Cooperi, Craib, sp. nov. . Herba nana, rosulata, saepe stolonifera ; rhizoma superne petiolis persistentibus anni praeteriti densius tectum. Folia densa, ut videtur saltem interiora viva erecta vel suberecta, lanceolata vel oblongo-lanceolata, interdum subspatulata, supra primo plana, mox concava, apice obtusa, basi cuneata, plerumque 5-8 mm. longa, 3-3.5 mm. lata, coriacea, supra viridia, glabra, subtus parum pallidiora, ad costam densius cinnamomeo-lanata, demum senectute albescentia, glabrescentia, costa pagina in- feriore inferne prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque 3 pler- umque omnino obscuris interdum senectute subtus subconspicuis, Margine saepissime integra, rarissime apicem versus pauci- crenulata, petiolo circa 2.5 mm. longo supra plano primo longius cinnamomeo-lanato demum glabrescente suffulta. Pedunculi communes uniflori, gracillimi, ad 4 cm. longi, primo lanati, cito glabrescentes. Calycis segmenta lineari-lanceolata, obtusa, duo antica aliis paululo longiora, 2 mm. longa, 0.75 mm. lata, glabra, trinervia, nervis plerumque omnino obscuris. Corollae tubus 242 CRAIB—GESNERACEARUM NOVITATES. vix 7 mm. longus, parte basali subcylindrica 1.5 mm. longa, extra glaber, intra antice pilis longiusculis unicellularibus pro parte maxima in lineas duas cum lobis alternantes dispositis lineis loborum bases et vix staminum insertionem attingentibus, pilis paucis infra staminum insertionem vix ad tubi basem additis, postice glaber ; labium anticum ad 5 mm. longum, ultra medium lobatum, lobis oblongis vel obovato-oblongis apice rotundatis ad 3 mm. longis et 2.5 mm. latis, mediano lateralibus paulo longiore, posticum 3 mm. longum, basi 3.75 mm. latum, ad medium lobatum, lobis approximatis basi 1.75 mm. latis. Antherae circa 0.75 mm. longae, apice truncatae, basi emarginulatae ; filamenta antica 2.5 mm. longa, 3.5 mm. supra corollae tubi basem inserta, lateralia 1.75 mm. longa, 2.5 mm. supra corollae tubi basem in- serta, omnia glabra; staminodium circa 0.4 mm. longum, clavatum, glabrum, prope corollae tubi basem insertum. Discus vix 0.25 mm. altus, integer. Ovarium calyce paulo brevius, in stylum 1.5 mm. longum angustatum, glabrum, stigmate emarginato. Bhutan. Dotena Timpu, 8000 ft. Cooper, 2508/a. \94% Didissandra cordatula, Craib, sp. nov. : Herba nana, rhizomate crasso. Folia rosulata, ut videtur viva patula, quoad formam variabilia, plerumque ovata, oblonga vel rarius suborbicularia, apice obtusa vel rotundata, basi rotundata, cordata vel late cuneata, usque ad 3 cm. longa et 2 cm. lata, coriacea, supra sicco fusco-viridia, iuventute pilis longis albidis vel pallide cinnamomeis medio inferne barbata, mox glabra, subtus pallidiora, tantum ad costam nervosque laterales longe cinnamomeo-lanata, aliter glabra, nervis lateralibus utrinque 4-5 cum costa supra subconspicuis vel plerumque plus minusve impressis subtus prominentibus rectis intra marginem furcatis, nervis transversis omnino obscuris, margine ciliata, crenata vel serrato-crenata, exteriora petiolo crasso ad 15 mm. longo indumento nervorum tecto suffulta, interiora sessilia. Pedun- culus communis floriferus 8-9 cm. altus, rectus vel inferne arcuato-adscendens, infructescens II cm. longus, primo plus minusve cinnamomeo-lanatus, mox glaber, pluriflorus ; pedicelli 8-18 mm. longi, graciles, infructescentes ad 25 mm. longi, indumento pedunculorum. Calycis segmenta oblonga, oblongo- lanceolata vel ovato-lanceolata, apice obtusa, circa 2 mm. longa et 1 mm. lata, intra glabra, extra glabrescentia, 5-nervia, nervis intramarginalibus tenuibus, omnibus infra apicem confluentibus. Corollae tubus 7-8 mm. longus, extra glaber, intra pilis uni- cellularibus pro parte maxima in lineas duas cum lobis alternantes e loborum basibus. fere ad staminum insertionem currentes dispositis perpaucis infra staminum insertionem antice ornatus ; # CRAIB—GESNERACEARUM NOVITATES. 243 labium posticum 1.5—-1.75 mm. longum, basi 3—3.5 mm. latum, lobis apice rotundatis vel emarginatis 0.75—1 mm. longis, anticum 3-3.5 mm. longum, lobis oblongo-obovatis vel subquadrato- obovatis apice rotundatis ad 2.75 mm. longis et 2.5 mm. latis. Filamenta glabra, antica 4.5 mm. longa, 2.5 mm. supra corollae tubi basem inserta, lateralia 3.25 mm. longa, 2 mm. supra corollae tubi basem inserta; staminodium 0.75 mm. longum, glabrum, circa 0.75 mm. supra corollae tubi basem affixum ; antherae apice truncatae, basi emarginulatae. Discus sub- annularis, circa 0.25 mm. altus. Ovarium calycem paulo superans, glabrum, stylo 4 mm. longo, stigmate emarginato. Capsula 2 cm. longa, calyce diu persistente demum deciduo. W. Hupeh. Wilson, 2170. 09 Didissandra flabellata, Craib, sp. nov. Rhizoma crassum, radices fibrosas copiose emittens. Folia omnia basalia, patentia, matura laxa, iuvenilia congesta, obovata vel flabelliformia, rarius subovata, apice rotundata subtruncatave, basi in petiolum cuneatim angustata, usque ad 3.3 cm. longa et 2.5 cm. lata, coriacea, supra viridia, ad nervos glabra, aliter pilis longis sericeis plus minusve persistentibus subcopiose ornata, subtus pallidiora, ad costam nervosque laterales cinna- momeo-lanuginosa, aliter dense sericea, nervis lateralibus utrin- que 3-4 bene intra marginem furcatis supra impressis subtus prominentibus, margine crenata, longius albo-ciliata, exteriora petiolo ad 3 cm. longo praesertim lateribus pilis longis sericeis ornato suffulta. Pedunculi rarius solitarii, primo albo-lanati, mox plus minusve glabrescentes, usque ad 12.5 cm. alti. Calyx iuventute sericeus, cito glabrescens, in segmenta 5 inter se subaequalia oblonga vel oblongo-lanceolata apice obtusa 3 mm. longa et 1 mm. lata 3- vel subobscure 5-nervia . partitus. Corollae tubus 5.5 mm. longus, intra antice pilis pro parte maxima in lineas duas cum lobis alternantes dispositis densius instructus, limbo bilabiato ; labium posticum 2 mm. — longum, ultra medium bilobatum, anticum 3-4 mm. longum, ultra medium trilobatum. Filamenta glabra, antheris per paria cohaerentibus. Discus annularis. Ovarium calyci sub- aequialtum, stylo parum_ brevius. Capsula straminea, circa 1.2 cm. longa. : Yunnan. Eastern flank of the Tali Range, 8000-10,000 ft. Lat. 25° 4o’ N. Plant of 2-6 inches. Flowers dark blue. Faces of cliffs and on humus-covered boulders. G. Forrest, 7129. ¥. Aug. 1910. Ibid., 7000-go00 ft. Flowers deep blue or blue and white. Open dry situations on rocks and cliffs. G. Forrest, 4804. 244 CRAIB—GESNERACEARUM NOVITATES. aS Didissandra grandis, Craib, sp. nov. Herba perennis; rhizoma crassum, ad 2 cm. diametro, superne petiolorum basibus anni praeteriti persistentibus tectum. Folia rosulata, plana, patula, late lanceolata vel ovato-lanceolata, apicem versus angustata vel rarissime subacuminata, summo apice obtusa, basi late cuneata vel cuneata, in petiolum angustata, usque ad 9 cm. longa et 4.5 cm. lata, valde coriacea, supra glabra, matura saepe siccando atra, subtus dense cinnamomeo-lanata, senectute saepe albicantia, nervis lateralibus utrinque 4-6 cum costa supra impressis subtus valde prominentibus intra marginem furcatis ramis subtus prominentibus, margine integra, saepe incurva, breviter cinnamomeo-lanato-ciliata, petiolo usque ad 5.5 cm. longo valido superne alato supra plano subtus plano- convexo suffulta. Pedunculi plures, arcuato-adscendentes, satis robusti, usque ad 15 cm. alti, dense cinnamomeo-lanati, seniores albo-lanati, pluri- vel multi-flori; pedicelli sub anthesin usque ad 15 mm. longi sed saepissime vix 0 mm. longi, infructescentes paululo elongati, ut pedunculi lanati. C alycis segmenta ovato- lanceolata vel oblonga, apice obtusa, inter se subaequalia, vix 3 mm. longa, 1.25 mm. lata, dorso dense longe cinnamomeo- lanata, intra glabra, margine apicem versus ciliolata, 5-nervia, nervis infra apicem coalitis, intramarginalibus aliis tenuioribus minus distinctis. Corollae tubus 10-11 mm. longus ; labium posticum 4 mm. longum, basi 7.5 mm. latum, 2-lobatum, lobis apice rotundatis 2 mm. longis fere 3 mm. latis ; labium anticum 6.5 mm. longum, 3-lobatum, lobis circa 5 mm. longis et 4.5 mm. latis elliptico-obovatis apice rotundatis, lobis omnibus pauperrime ciliatis ; corolla pilis longiusculis unicellularibus e loborum rocks, 10,000 ft. Forrest, 10,855. Kari Pass, Mekong-Yangtze divide. Lat. 27° 40’ No. Plant of 10 inches. Flowers purple-blue and white. Open shady dry rocks, 11,000 ft. Forrest, 12,924. (A0a ~ CRAIB—GESNERACEARUM NOVITATES. 245 “Didissandra Labordei, Craib, sp. nov. Rhizoma crassum. Folia omnia basalia, rosulatim disposita, ovato-lanceolata, oblongo-obovata vel elliptico-oblonga, apice obtusa vel rotundata, basi cuneata, usque ad 3.5 cm. longa et 1.8 cm. lata, coriacea, supra viridia, pilis elongatis albis sparse sericea, mox plus minusve glabrescentia, subtus ad costam nervosque laterales dense ferrugineo-lanata, pilis mox aggluti- natis, aliter albo- vel mox cinnamomeo-pilosa, nervis lateralibus utrinque circa 4 bene intra marginem furcatis supra impressis subtus valde prominentibus, margine crenata, petiolo ad 2.5 cm. longo indumento ei foliorum simili tecto suffulta. Pedunculi plures, ad 9 cm. alti, pilis paucis longis instructi, fuscescentes ; pedicelli circa 1 cm. longi. Calyx extra sub anthesin paucipilosus vel fere glaber, in segmenta 5 lanceolata vel oblongo-lanceolata apice obtusa inter se subaequalia vix 3 mm. longa et 1 mm. lata trinervia vel indistincte 5-nervia nervis infra apicem concurrenti- bus partitus. Corollae tubus 7 mm. longus, intra antice pilis bilineatim dispositis subsparse instructus; labium posticum 2.5 mm. longum, paululo ultra medium bilobatum, anticum 3.5 mm. longum, 3-partitum, segmentis oblongis apice rotundatis. Antherae per paria cohaerentes. Discus annularis. Ovarium calycem subaequans, stylo ovario paulo longiore, stigmate bilobato. Capsula ad 2.5 cm. longa, valvis rectis.—D. lanuginosa, Lévl., Fl. Kouy-Tcheou, p. 182, vix Clarke. Kouy-Tcheou, Tsin-gay. Laborde et Bodinier, 1637 bis. Fl. 11 Sept. 1899. i wn ' Didissandra lineata, Craib, sp. nov. Herba nana, perennis, rhizomate brevi crasso. Folia rosulata, ut videtur viva patula vel plus minusve erecto-patula, lanceolata vel ovato-lanceolata, apice obtusa vel rotundato- obtusa, interdum emarginata, basi cuneata, ad 18 mm. longa et 8 mm. lata, coriacea, supra glabra, mox pallescentia, subtus ad costam nervosque laterales pilis longis plus minusve cinna- momeis subsparse instructa, mox glabra, nervis lateralibus utrinque 2-3 rectis intra marginem furcatis pagina superiore valde impressis inferiore prominentibus, margine crenata, arcte recurva, exteriora petiolo circa 1 cm. longo valido supra planius- culo vel concavo indumento nervorum instructo suffulta, interiora sessilia. _Pedunculi communes circa 6-7 cm. alti, pauci- vel pluri-flori, erecti vel inferne arcuato-adscendentes, subglabri, cum pedicellis gracilibus 1-2 cm. longis sub anthesin fusci, demum fructu (anni prioris?) straminei. Calycis segmenta oblonga vel angustius oblonga, apice obtusa, ad 2 mm. longa et 0.75 mm. lata, fusca, glabra, 5-nervia, nervis infra apicem (4A 246 CRAIB—GESNERACEARUM NOVITATES. confluentibus. Corollae tubus 6-6.5 mm. longus, intra pilis longiusculis in lineas duas subdensas e loborum basibus vix ad staminum insertionem currentes dispositis antice instructus, infra staminum insertionem et postice glaber ; labium posticum 2 mm. longum, basi 3.75 mm. latum, lobis apice rotundatis 1.5 mm. longis, anticum 2.5 mm. longum, lobis oblongis vel late oblongis usque ad 1.75 mm. longis et latis apice rotundatis. Filamenta glabra, circa 2.5 mm. supra corollae tubi basem inserta, antica 4 mm. longa, lateralia 2mm. longa; staminodium 0.75 mm. longum, circa 1.25 mm. supra corollae tubi basem affixum ; antherae apice truncatae, basi emarginulatae. Discus brevis, integer. Ovarium calyci subaequialtum, glabrum, stylo ad 3.75 mm. longo, stigmate emarginato. Capsula ad 12 mm. longa. Mountains of the Chungtien plateau. Lat. 27° 55’ N. Plant of 3-4 inches. Flowers deep blue. On dry limestone rocks and cliffs, 10,000 ft. Forrest, 10,790. Didissandra lutea, Craib, sp. nov. Herba nana, rhizomate brevi crasso. Foliorum rosula 6-12 cm. diametro; folia oblongo-obovata, obovata vel sub- rhomboidea, rarius elliptica, apice rotundata, basi in petiolum cuneatim angustata, usque ad 4 cm. longa et 3 cm. lata, coriacea, pagina superiore viridia, medio inferne pilis albis vel pallide cinnamomeis barbata, aliter glabra vel pilis paucis hic illic sparse instructa, inferiore ad costam nervosque cinnamomeo-pannoso- lanata, inter nervos albido- vel cinnamomeo-albido-lanata, nervis lateralibus utrinque 3-4 bene intra marginem furcatis, supra primo bullata, dein nervis parum demum valde impressis, subtus nervis valde prominentibus, margine, parte triente inferiore integra excepta, crenata, petiolo rarius ad 3 cm. longo cinnamomeo-lanato suffulta. Pedunculi communes multiflori, inferne adscendentes, usque ad to cm. longi, mox plus minusve glabrescentes sed inferne apiceque pilis longiusculis diu per- sistentibus ornati; pedicelli usque ad 15 mm. longi. Calycis segmenta oblongo-ovata, apice rotundata obtusave, ad 2.5 mm. longa et 1.25 mm. lata, 5-9-nervia. Corolla intus pilis longius- culis crassis unicellularibus pro parte maxima in lineas duas e€ loborum basibus vix ad staminum insertionem currentes dispositis pilis paucis inter et ultra lineas et perpaucis infra staminum insertionem additis antice ornata, postice glabra ; tubus 9 mm. longus; labium posticum 2.5 mm. longum, basi 6 mm. latum, lobis duobus 1.25 mm. longis, anticum e lobis tribus inter se subaequalibus circa 3 mm. longis et 2.75 mm. latis constitutum. Filamenta glabra, antica 5.5 mm. longa, 2 mm. Supra corollae tubi basem inserta, lateralia 4 mm. longa, 1 mm. CRAIB—GESNERACEARUM NOVITATES. 247 supra corollae tubi basem inserta: staminodium 0.75 mm. ongum, circa 0.75 mm. supra corollae basem _ insertum. Ovarium calyce paulo altius, glabrum, stylo stigmate emarginato incluso 2.5 mm. longo. Capsula vix matura ad 11 mm., stylo persistente excluso, longa. Bei-ma Shan, Mekong-Yangtze divide. Lat. 28° 30’ N. Plant of 2-5 inches ; flowers pale yellow. On cliffs and boulders in open situations, 11,000-12,000 ft. Fl. Aug. 1914. Forrest, 13,197. qq vs Didissandra mengtzeana, Craib, sp. nov. 4000 Rhizoma breve, radices numerosas fibrosas emittens. Folia omnia basalia, rosulatim disposita, plus minusve flabelliformia, apice rotundata, basi cuneata, usque ad 2.5 cm. longa et 2 cm. lata, coriacea, supra longius sericea, pilis diu persistentibus, subtus densius lanata, nervis lateralibus utrinque 2-3 supra impressis subtus prominentibus, margine crenata, petiolo ad I.5 cm. vel rarius usque ad 2 cm. longo indumento ei foliorum simili tecto suffulta. Pedunculus communis ad 8.5 cm. altus, primo lanatus, mox plus minusve glabrescens, inflorescentiam pauci- vel pluri-floram congestam vel sublaxam gerens ; pedicelli ad 1 cm. longi. Calyx extra primo lanatus, cito plus minusve glabrescens, in segmenta 5 inter se subaequalia oblonga vel oblongo-lanceolata apice obtusa circa 2 mm. longa vix I mm. lata trinervia vel inconspicue 5-nervia nervis infra apicem concurrentibus partitus. Corollae tubus 5 mm. longus, intra antice pilis bilineatim dispositis copiose instructus, postice glaber; labium posticum 1.5 mm. longum, ultra medium bilo- batum, anticum fere 3 mm. longum, trilobatum, lobis oblongis apice rotundatis. Discus annularis. Ovarium calycem sub- aequans, stylo ovario fere duplo longiore, stigmate bilobulato. Capsula ad 1.5 cm. longa, valvis rectis. Yunnan. Mengtze, on rocks, 4700 ft., blue flowers. Henry, gigo, et on rocks, also on earthy banks, 4600-5000 ft., purple- blue flowers. Henry, 9190. Didissandra patens, Craib, sp. nov. Herba nana; rhizoma valde crassum. Folia compacte rosulata, patula, ‘exteriora ovato-lanceolata vel oblongo-lanceo- lata, interiora ovata vel late ovata, summo apice obtusa, basi in petiolum cuneatim attenuata, usque ad 8 cm. longa et 3.7 cm. lata, coriacea, supra viridia, glabra, subtus tantum ad costam nervosque primo breviter cinnamomeo-pannoso-lanata, indu- mento demum plus minusve albicante vel delapso, aliter glabra, nervis lateralibus utrinque 5-6 cum costa lata supra subcon- npr! 248 CRAIB—GESNERACEARUM NOVITATES. spicuis vel leviter impressis subtus prominentibus rectis bene intra marginem dichotome furcatis, ramis I—3-furcatis, ramulis omnibus subtus prominentibus, nervis transversis omnino obscuris, margine anguste crenulata, apicem versus praecipue recurva, exteriora petiolo crasso usque ad 5.5 cm. longo indu- mento nervorum suffulta, interiora sessilia. Pedunculi com- munes plures, 10-11 cm. alti, inferne arcuato-adscendentes, inflorescentiam corymbiformem laxam multifloram ad 10 cm. diametro gerens, primo plus minusve cinnamomeo-lanati, cito glabrescentes ; pedicelli 8-17 mm. longi, cito glabri. Calycis segmenta oblonga vel oblongo-elliptiea, apice obtusa, interdum retusiuscula, inter se subaequalia, ad 2.5 mm. longa et 1.5 mm. lata, intra glabra, extra pauci-pilosa, 5-nervia, nervis sub apicem confluentibus, margine superne saepe papillosa. Corolla intus pilis longiusculis unicellularibus pro parte maxima in lineas duas e loborum bases ad filamentorum insertiones vix currentes dispositis, paucis hic et illic inter et ultra lineas et infra staminum inserti additi ice ornata, postice glabra ; tubus 6.5-7 mm. longus; labium posticum vix 2 mm. longum, basi 4.75 mm. latum, lobis duobus 0.75 mm. longis apice rotundatis, anti- cum 4 mm. longum, 3-lobatum, lobis obovatis vel oblongo- obovatis 2.5 mm. longis 2.75 mm. latis. Filamenta glabra, antica 4 mm. longa, 2.5 mm. supra corollae tubi basem inserta, lateralia 2 mm. longa, 2.25 mm. supra corollae tubi basem basem insertum. Discus annularis. Ovarium calyce brevius, glabrum, stylo vix 4 mm. longo, stigmate emarginato. Capsula ad 16 mm. longa, basi calyce persistente arcte cincta. Mountains in N.E. of Yangtze bend. Lat. 27° 45’N. Plant of 6 inches. Flowers very pale blue, almost white. Faces of cliffs and boulders, 10,000-11,000 ft. Forrest, 10,608. Didissandra sericea, Craib, sp. nov. Herba nana, rhizomate brevi crasso. Folia in rosulam densam 6-16 cm. diametro disposita, oblongo- vel rhombeo- vel lanceolato-ovata, apice rotundata, basi in petiolum cuneatim lanata, aliter subsericea, nervis lateralibus utrinque 3-4 intra m furcatis ramulis iterum furcatis supra saepissime mar. impressis subtus valde prominentibus, margine parte triente Inferiore cuneata integra excepta crenato-dentata, interiora , exteriora petiolo usque ad 4 cm. longo cinnamomeo- ty CRAIB—GESNERACEARUM NOVITATES. 249 lanato suffulta. Pedunculus communis usque ad 15 cm. altus, primo dense albo- vel cinnamomeo-lanatus, mox plus minusve glaber, inflorescentiam multifloram subcongestam _gerens; pedicelli usque ad 13 mm. longi. Calycis segmenta plus minusve oblonga, apice rotundata, ad 3 mm. longa et 1.75 mm. lata, 7-nervia. Corolla intus pilis crassis unicellularibus pro parte maxima in lineas duas e loborum basibus vix ad staminum insertionem currentes dispositis paucis inter et ultra lineas et perpaucis infra staminum insertionem additis antice ornata : tubus 8 mm. longus; labium posticum basi 6.4 mm. latum, 3 mm. longum, lobis duobus 1.75 mm. longis apice retusis, anticum trilobatum, lobis apice rotundatis 3-3-5 mm. longis 4mm. latis. Filamenta antica 5.5 mm. longa, 2.75 mm. supra corollae basem inserta, lateralia 2.5 mm. longa, 2.75 mm. supra _corollae basem inserta ; staminodium 0.5 mm. longum, 0.75 mm. supra corollae basem insertum. -Ovarium calycem vix aequans, Stylo stigmate bilobo incluso 5 mm. longo. Capsula ad 2.3 cm. longa, fusca, valvis rectis. ~ Eastern flank of Lichiang Range. Lat. 27° 30’ N. Plant of 2-6 inches. Flowers blue. On rocks and faces of cliffs, 10,000-12,000 ft. Forrest, 6039. ; Eastern flank of Lichiang Range: Lat. 27° 12’ N.- Plant of 3-6 inches. Flowers rich blue. Dry open situations on rocks and faces of cliffs, go00-11,000 ft. Forrest, 2509. Cult. Hort. Bot. Reg. Edin. ubi floruit June rorg. Didissandra taliensis, Craib, sp. nov. Herba nana, stolonifera, rhizomate brevi crasso superne petio- lorum vestigiis tecto. Folia spatulata, oblongo-spatulata vel elliptico-spatulata, rarissime ovata, apice rotundata, basi in petio- lum attenuata, usque ad 15 mm. longa et 7.5 mm. lata, firme chartacea vel coriaceo-chartacea, supra viridia, glabra, subtus ad costam nervosque rufo-pannoso-tomentosa, aliter glabra et punc- tulata, nervis lateralibus utrinque 3-4 rectis integris vel intra marginem furcatis, supra omnino obscuris rarissime parum im- pressis subconspicuis subtus prominentibus, margine superne Saepissime crenata, rarius serrato-crenata, rarissime subintegra, parte cuneata basali integra, margine longe pauci-ciliata, mox glabra, plana vel leviter incurva, petiolo usque ad 1 cm. longo superne alato supra plano vel leviter late canaliculato supra glabro subtus indumento costae obtecto suffulta, interiora sessilia. Pedunculi communes plures, 4-5 cm. alti, recti vel inferne arcuato-adscendentes, 1—5-flori, primo plus minusve cinnamomeo- lanati, mox glabri, fusci, pedicellis usque ad 12 mm. longis indumento pedunculi tectis. Calycis segmenta oblonga apice rotundata vel rarius oblongo-lanceolata et apice obtusa, 2.5 mm. a ol 92” 250 CRAIB—GESNERACEARUM NOVITATES. longa, I-1.25 mm. lata, 5-nervia, nervis infra apicem confluenti- bus, intra glabra, extra pilis paucis longis primo instructa, cito glabra. Corollae tubus 9-10 mm. longus, extra glaber, intra pilis longis unicellularibus pro parte maxima in lineas duas fere e loborum basibus ad staminum insertionem currentes cum lobis alternantes dispositis paucis infra staminum insertionem positis antice instructus; labium posticum 2-vix 2.5 mm. longum, basi 3.5-4 mm. latum, lobis apice rotundatis vel emarginulatis mm. longis, anticum 4-5 mm. longum, lobis obovatis vel obovato-rotundatis apice rotundatis ad 3.75 mm. longis et latis. Filamenta antica 6 mm. longa, lateralia 3 mm. longa, omnia circa 2.75 mm. supra corollae tubi basem inserta, glabra ; staminodium 1.25 mm. longum, 1 mm. supra corollae tubi basem insertum. Discus vix 0.5 mm. altus. Ovarium calyci sub- aequialtum, glabrum, stylo glabro 4 mm. longo, stigmate emarginato. Capsula 15 mm. longa, calyce persistente. Western flank of Tali Range. Lat. 25° .40' N. Plant: of 1-2} inches. Flowers deep purplish-blue. On rocks and cliffs in dry situations, 10,000 ft. G. Forrest, I1 , forma robusta, Craib. Planta multo robustior, foliis duplo majoribus, pedunculis saepe multifloris, Eastern flank of Tali Range. Lat. 25° 40’ N. Plant of 3-6 inches. Flowers blue, tipped white. On the faces of cliffs and on humus-covered boulders, 8000-10,000 ft. G. Forrest, 6910. Isometrum, Craib, gen. nov. Calyx in segmenta 5 inter se subaequalia partitus. Corolla cylindrica, basi postice parum gibbosa, superne haud ventricosa, limbo 5-lobato. vix conspicue bilabiato patente lobis inter se subaequalibus rotundatis. Stamina 4, filamentis rectis sed apice subito inflexis corollae tubi basi affixis anticis lateralibus paulo longioribus, antheris per paria cohaerentibus rimis longitudin- alibus haud confluentibus dehiscentibus. Discus conspicuus, pistilli basem cingens. Ovarium superum, in stylum ovario paulo brevius angustatum, stigmate bilobato, placentis intrusis bilamellatis facie interiore nudis. Capsulae linearis , valvae rectae, haud tortae.--Herbae, rhizomate crasso, foliis omnibus basalibus rosulatim dispositis grosse serrato-crenatis vel lobulatis belliformem bracteatam gerentes. Isometrum Farreri, Craib, sp. nov. Rhizoma crassum. Folia omnia basalia, rosulatim disposita, obovato-oblanceolata vel anguste ovata, apice obtusa, basi in qoot CRAIB—GESNERACEARUM NOVITATES.’ 251 petiolum cuneatim angustata vel rotundato-cuneata, ad 3.7 cm. longa et 2 cm. lata, coriacea, pagina superiore pilis albis brevi- bus plus minusve adpressis subaspera, inferiore pallidiora, pilis similibus sparsius tecta praetereaque ad costam nervosque later- ales pilis longioribus brunneis additis, nervis lateralibus utrinque 3-5 intra marginem furcatis supra impressis subtus prominenti- bus, grosse serrato-crenata vel sublobulata, lobulis apice rotun- datis ciliatis ; petioli ad 1 cm. longi, pilis longis brunneis primo adpressis mox divaricatis hirsuti. Pedunculi ad a7. Cie A rubescentes, plus minusve glandulosi et pilis longioribus brunneis sparse instructi, 5-7-flori, floribus umbellatim dispositis, apice bracteis duabus lineari-lanceolatis circa 5 mm. longis instructi ; pedicelli graciles, usque ad 4 cm. longi, indumento ei pedunculi simili tecti. Calyx extra fusco-ruber, in segmenta 5 lineari- lanceolata obtusiuscula circa 4 mm. longa et I mm. lata extra glanduloso-pubescentia partitus. Corollae extra praesertim superne sparse glanduloso-pubescentis tubus circa 8.5 mm. longus, postice basi parum gibbosus, limbus e lobis 5 patentibus vix distincte bilabiatim dispositis rotundatis margine irregulariter denticulatis ciliolatis circa 3-4 mm. longis et 4 mm. latis con- stitutus. Stamina inclusa, filamentis rectis apice subito inflexis, antheris per paria cohaerentibus demum liberis, longitudinaliter dehiscentibus, rimis haud confluentibus. Discus pistilli basem cingens. Ovarium subsessile, glabrum vel superne parce pubescens, calyce parum longius, stylo distincto ovario breviore, stigmate bilobulato.—Orveocharis Henryana, Farrer in Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc., xlii, 87 (1916), won Oliver. S. Kansu. Very general at low elevations on rather cool rocks and very steep banks of cool clammy soil that grows a fine film of moss. Flowers a pretty shrimpy pink with a bronzy tone. Farrer et Purdom, 262. Fl. Aug. 28. M) Ornithoboea arachnoidea, Craib, comb. nov. Boea arachnoidea, Diels in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., v, Pp. 225 (1912). Yunnan. Near Pei sha, Min Kwang valley. Lat. 25° 35’ N. Alt. 6000-7000 ft. Plant of 6-12 inches, growing in clefts of cliffs. G. Forrest, 929! Fr. Oct. 1905. (Type.) Hills N.E. of Tengyueh. Lat. 25° 15’ N. Alt. 7000 ft. Moist shady situations on humus-covered boulders and ledges of cliffs. Plant of 6-12 inches. Flowers light blue. G. Forrest, 9272! Fl. et Fr. Oct. 1912. Tengyueh, Howell, 67! A y 252 CRAIB—GESNERACEARUM NOVITATES. °” Ornithoboea Darrisii, Craib, comb. nov. Boea Darrisit, Lévl. in Fedde Rep. Nov. Sp., xi, p. 494 (1913). Kouy-Tcheou, Esquirol, 730! Yuin-li-tcheou, Cavalerie, 3975 ! The type—in fruit only——shows that this species is nearest to O. Henryi, Craib. From that species it may be distinguished by the shorter, paler fruits. po Ornithoboea Forrestii, Craib, sp. nov., ab O. avachnoidea, Craib, partibus omnibus multo maioribus distinguenda. Caulis erectus, ad 30 cm. altus, dense cinnamomeo- vel pallide cinnamomeo-arachnoideus. Folia opposita, ovata vel oblongo- lanceolata, apice subacuta, basi inaequilateralia, saepissime cor- data, ad 18 cm. longa et 9 cm. lata, membranacea, supra viridia, pilis flaccidis transverse septatis saepe capitatis conspersa, subtus pallidiora, cinnamomeo-arachnoidea, indumento demum plus minusve deciduo, nervis lateralibus utrinque ad 13 saltem superioribus intra marginem anastomosantibus pagina utraque conspicuis vel leviter prominulis, nervulis rete laxum conspicuum vel saepius subconspicuum efficientibus, margine crenulata vel serrulato-crenulata ; petioli usque ad 15 cm. longi, dense cinna- miomneo-arachnoidei. Pedunculi solitarii, axillares, circa 3-6 cm. ongi, dense cinnamomeo-arachnoidei, apice bracteis duabus linearibus circa 12 mm. longis arachnoideis instructi, inflorescen- tiam multifloram umbelliformem gerentes, pedunculis partialibus circa 15 mm. longis, pedicellis terminalibus circa 20 mm. longis. Calyx pallidus, in segmenta 5 inter se subaequalia oblonga vel oblongo-ovata apice nervo mediano excurrente breviter apiculata circa 7.5 mm. longa et 3-4 mm. lata pilis transverse septatis longe ciliatis praetereaque sparse rubro-glandulosa partitus. Corollae tubus vix 4mm. longus ; labium posticum 3 mm. longum, 7 mm. latum, apice 4-undulato-lobulatum, paulo infra apicem linea transversa elevata dense pilosa instructum, anticum 9 mm. longum, trilobatum, lobis 2.5 mm. longis apice rotundatis vel truncato-rotundatis, intra e loborum basibus ad imam basem densissime pilosum. Stamina fertilia duo; filamenta circa mm. longa, I.5 mm. supra corollae tubi basem inserta, glabra. Ovarium circa 2 mm. altum, dense glanduloso-pubescens, stylo curvato ovario paulo longiore densius glanduloso-pubescente. Capsula vix matura, 1.7 cm. longa, valvis tortis, stylo persistente coronata, calyce reflexo accrescente persistente. Yunnan. Shweli-Salwin divide. Lat. 25°30’ N. Alt. gooo ft. On shady rocks by streams. Plant of 6-14 inches. Flowers bright blue. G. Forrest, 17,557. Fl. July 1918. CRAIB—GESNERACEARUM NOVITATES. 253 904 4 Streptocarpus burmanicus, Craib, species nova S. orientali, Craib, habitu persimilis sed calyce multo longiore inter alia facile distinguenda. Herba erecta, caule terete cum petiolis inflorescentiaque pilis longiusculis transverse septatis glanduloso-capitatis sat dense instructo, Folia superiora opposita, elliptica, ovata obovatave, apice rotundata, basi subaequaliter cuneata vel latere altero acuminata, altero rotundata truncatave, circa 7 cm. longa et 5 cm. lata, chartacea, supra densius breviter flaccido-pilosa, subtus pallidiora, ad costam nervosque laterales dense pilosa, aliter sparse pilosula, nervis lateralibus utrinque circa 4 supra subconspicuis vel conspicuis subtus subprominentibus, margine crassius crenato-serrata, ciliata, petiolo ad 4 cm. longo suffulta. - Inflorescentia ei S. orientalis similis. Calyx sub anthesin sicco ad 1 cm. longus, dorso pilosus, ad basem usque 5-partitus, segmentis linearibus acutis subconspicue nervatis. Corolla primo subdense pilosa, cito glabrescens, sicco ad 3.5cm. longa. Capsula ad 5 cm. longa, straminea vel fusco-straminea, valvis tortis. Upper Burma. Meiktila district. Taunggyigon Reserve, 2200 ft. Mg. Tha Myaing, 262. FI. et Fr. Oct. 1909. Dasydesmus, Craib, gen. nov., ab Oreocharite corolla tubulosa, ‘antherarum connectivo dorso piloso, disco conspicuo 5-partito distinguenda. Calyx conspicuus, in segmenta 5 lineari-lanceolata fere ad basem partitus. .Corolla sicco aurantiaca, tubulosa, basi leviter gibbosa ; limbus pro corollae longitudine breviusculus, sub- distincte bilabiatus ; labium posticum bilobatum antico trilobato subaequilongum, lobis anticis posticis paulo maioribus. Stamina fertilia 4, filamentis elongatis prope corollae tubi basem affixis ; antherae inclusae vel subinclusae, inter se omnino liberae, lineares, loculis parallelis longitudinaliter dehiscentibus haud confluentibus connectivo dorso piloso; stamen posticum ad staminodium elongatum redactum. Discus conspicuus, fere ad basem in segmenta 5 oblonga acuminata apicem versus irregu- lariter pauci-dentata partitus. Ovarium superum, lineare, subsessile, stylo brevi crassiusculo, stigmate bilobulato.—Herba perennis, rhizomate crasso radices fibrosas numerosas emittente, partibus fere omnibus disco ovarioque exclusis pilosa. Folia omnia basalia, distincte petiolata, arrears crassius denti- culata. Pedunculi communes gem vel plures, foliis subaequilongi vel iis distincte baie, inflorescentiam multifloram cymosam umbelliformem subcongestam gerentes ; bracteae elongatae, angustae ; corolla sicco aurantiaca. Species unica chinensis. E 254 CRAIB—GESNERACEARUM NOVITATES. aps Dasydesmus Bodinieri, Craib, comb. nov. Oreocharis Bodinieri, Lévl. in Bull. Geogr. Bot., No. 304-5, P. 40 (1915). Rochers—pied du mont Io-chan, 3100 m.; fl. jaune d’ocre, E. E. Maire, 441/1914 et sine num. Didissandra and Allied Genera in China and N. India. BY WILLIAM GRANT CRAIB, M.A., Lecturer on Forest Botany and Indian. Forest Trees in the University of Edinburgh. COLLECTIONS of herbarium specimens received here of recent years trom China, and more especially the large collections made by Mr. Geo. Forrest in S.W. China, show that in Didissandra as at present understood there are several very well-marked and easily recognised, groups. The genus Didissandra was created by C. B. Clarke * for the reception of plants which, while agreeing in general with Didy- mocarpus, differed from.that genus in having four fertile stamens. the anthers of which were coherent in pairs. And this definition has more or less held good since that time. No attention what- ever was paid to other characters, the result being, as already indicated, that the genus has become at the present time a collec- tion of sharply defined groups. The present paper is the result of an attempt to segregate and define those groups. In his original account * of the genus Clarke enumerates seven species. Of these six come from the Malayan region and one is recorded from the Himalayas, Khasia, and N. China. In recent years the number of species from the Malayan region has been considerably augmented, and I believe they constitute a group quite distinct from the Himalayan species and, as genera go in Gesneraceae, well worthy generic rank. Since then in my opinion Clarke included more than one genus in his Didissandra, it becomes necessary to delimit the genus. For this purpose | have taken as the type of the true Didzssandra the first species enumerated by Clarke, viz. D. lanuginosa. By taking D. lanuginosa as the type of a restricted Didissandra and by excluding from. it the Malayan lower level species we obtain a very natural series of higher level species, natives of the Himalayas, $.W. China, and Upper Burma. Uniformity in habit is accompanied by several marked characters which enable us to delimit the group very sharply. All are perennial. herbs with a thick woody rhizome, with the leaves arranged in basal * C. B. Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan., v, 65 (1883). [Notes, R.B.G., Edin., No. LV, November 1919.] 256 _CRAIB—DIDISSANDRA AND ALLIED GENERA. rosette which, in the young stage at least, is nearly always dense. In a few species.stolons are present and the flat rosette is some- what modified. No stem is developed above ground. Each plant bears several peduncles, erect or ascending, sometimes I- flowered but usually bearing several or many flowers, arranged in a more or less umbelliform manner. Bracts are wanting. The calyx is always divided practically to the base into five seg- ments. The corolla is medium-sized or small, the tube cylindrical, not inflated upwards, and the limb is always bilabiate with the posticous lip shorter than the anticous. Externally the corolla tube is glabrous. Internally the tube is pilose on the anterior side, the hairs, rather thick, being arranged in two rows which alternate with the lobes and which run from the top of the tube to about the insertion of the filaments. And again these hairs arise in groups from tubercled protuberances. Internally on the posterior side the tube is glabrous. The anther cells diverge, the lines of dehiscence becoming soon confluent, their course being at right angles to the filament. After the pollen is shed the anthers are drawn back nearly to the base of the corolla tube by the filaments coiling spirally. The inner face of the placental lamellae is conspicuously hairy—a character well seen in the fruit. The floral characters, and more especially the distribution of the hairs on the inside of the corolla, the structure and method of opening of the anthers and the retracting of the anthers by the spiral coiling of the filaments serve as absolute distinguishing marks of the genus Didissandra as understood by me. The remaining Chinese plants which have been referred to the genus Didissandra at various times it is proposed to dis- tribute among three new genera: Briggsia, Ancylostemon, and Isometrum. Characters by which the restricted Didissandra may be distinguished from these new genera have already been pointed out. Of the three new genera Briggsia may be easily recognised by the large corolla, ventricose at or just above the middle, and by the gradual inarching of the filaments. In the other two genera the corolla is medium-sized (in Ancylostemon slightly ventricose, in Isometrum not ventricose), and the filaments are straight throughout practically their whole length, the pairs of anthers being brought into contact by practically a right-angle bend just at the apex of the filament. As regards Isometrum, it can be recognised from Didissandra, Briggsia, and Ancylostemon by the spreading corolla limb, which is composed of five almost equallobes. In the other three genera the limb is most distinctly bilabiate. : Species in cultivation.—Of the species enumerated there are, _ so far as I am aware, only fivein cultivation. Isometrum Farreri CRAIB—DIDISSANDRA AND ALLIED GENERA. 257 was introduced a few years ago by Mr. R. G. Farrer, but unfortu- nately under a wrong name, viz. Oreocharis Henryana. The latter plant is a true Oveocharis, i.e. the four anthers are free and not coherent in pairs, whereas Farrer’s plant has the four anthers cohering in pairs. Farrer collected his plant in S. Kansu. The remaining four species have been introduced into this country through Mr. George Forrest, who collected seeds of them in Yunnan. The genus Didissandra is represented by one species—D. sericea, and the genus Briggsia by three species— B. Agnesiae, B. longifolia, and B. muscicola. Of these the last two have not yet flowered here. Didissandra sericea and Briggsia Agnesiae both flowered here this year. The latter is, I think, one of the most charming of the plants of recent introduction. KEY TO THE GENERA. Anther cells divergent, dehiscing lines confluent, at right angles to filament ; corolla small to medium-sized, with stoutish unicellular hairs arranged in two more or less well-defined rows alternate with the lobes of the anticous lip and extending well down the tube, glabrous posticously ; anthers finally withdrawn well down the corolla tube by the filaments coiling spirally ; inner surface of placental lamellae conspicuously hai : . Didissandra. Anther cells and their lines of dehiscence more or less parallel to the lament ; corolla large to- medium-sized ; hairs inside corolla not arranged in rows ; filaments not spirally retracted ; inner face of placental lamellae glabrous or with very few inconspicuous hairs. Anthers brought into contact by the gradual inarching of the fila- ments: corolla tube markedly inflated anticously ; posticous lip distinctly lobed . : i : : : . Briggsia. Anthers brought into contact by a right-angle bend at apex of fila- ments ; posticous li lobed, emarginate or subentire. Corolla limb distinctly bilabiate, not patent, tube usually slightly inflated about the middle or slightly above the middle . ; : i ‘ ; ; ‘ ,. ; pha lostemon. Corolla limb of 5 subequal lobes, only very slightly bilabiate, spreading, tube not inflated . ; : - Isometrum, ' ENUMERATION OF SPECIES. Didissandra, C. B. Clarke. Outer leaves 6-8.5 cm. long, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, soon quite glabrous above, nerves 4-6 pair, more or less impressed on the upper surface Lower surface of leaf ultimately lanate only on midrib and nerves ; inflorescence soon glabrous : : : . I. patens. Lower surface of leaf persistently cinnamomeous or ultimately silvery lanate : indumentum on peduncle, pedicels and outside of calyx persistent. oe Corolla up to 13 mm. long . : ‘ : . 2, Kingiana. Corolla 18 mm. long. ‘ S855 : ‘ . 3. grandis. 258 CrAIB—DIDISSANDRA AND ALLIED GENERA. Leaves not exceeding 5.5 cm. long; lateral nerves 3-5 pair (mostly 3-4 pair). Podiels 1-flowered ; stolons present ; leaves lanceolate to spathu- ong, glabrous above, at first cinnamomeo-lanate on nerves below, ultimately opie ; nerves mostly obscure on both surfaces .4. Co oopert. Peduncles very rarely I- -flowered ; stolons wanting in majorit leaves at least I cm, long ; nerves never obscure on both surfaces, usually impressed above and prominent below Leaves glabrous on upper surface or with a few long white hairs more or less persisting on midrib, below densely cinnamomeo- arachnoid or lanate only on the nerves and glabrous or with only an occasional hair ee aes spaces between the nerves, not closely and deeply plica Stolons present ; leaves dE retntaks to elliptic or ovate, cuneate base, usually s shallowly and rather distantly crenate- serrate ; nerves obscure or slightly impressed above P : _ taliensis. Stolons wanting ; leaves elliptic to ovate, cuneate to cordulate at base, crenate ; nerves impressed above 6. cordatula. Leaves not glabrous on the upper § otitees or if glabrous ‘then not glabrous on the lower surface between the nerves or in addi- tion closely and deeply plicate. eaf margin entire or subentire. Leaves up to 20 mm. long and 13 mm. broad, nerves apt always impressed above; stolons ae ast capsule u to 16 mm. long shaun. Leaves up to 35 mm. long and 24 mm. bro: ad, nerves rarely pressed above; stolons wanting ; op as up to 20 mm. long : 8. lanuginosa. Leaf margin variously cr cre —~ lanceolate to biancaskate closely regularly plicate _ oarsely and aoe bullate on upper surface, which i soon glabresc Leaves igh phate, peduncle glabrous or glabrescent. — ab ie glabrous ; corolla 1-2 cm. lon; ng : oe seo ong licata. easel glabrescent ; corolla less than 1 cm. long ; up tor .10. line in Leaves not lanceolate, or if approaching lanceolate then not glabrous above, not closely plicate or bullate Corolla yellow ; leaves obovate to pia keer soon glabrescent above unless towar . lutea. Conolia blue, blue and white, or white. Leaves persistently sericeous above. Corolla tube over 7 —— leaves oblong- to lanceo- late-ovate . <3. —- Corolla tube under 6 mm. long ; leaves tending t flabelliform, Corolla tube not densely barbate ae» at apex ; peduncle not glabrous at es : ; a 4. flabellata. CRAIB—DIDISSANDRA AND ALLIED GENERA, 259 Corolla tube densely barbate ree se apex ; Saas nearly glabrous at flowering ti 15 sacisieunat. Leaves more or less slabrescent, never sericeous a maturity . 16, Labordet, 1. D. patens, Craib in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., xi, p. 247 (1919). Yunnan. Mountains in N.E. of Vargtz bend. Lat. 27° 45’ N. Faces of cliffs and boulders, 10,000—-11,000 ft. Plant of 6 inches. Flowers very pale blue, almost white. G. Forrest, 10,608 ! Fl. et Fr. Aug. 1913. 10> 2: «D. Kingiana, Craib, nom. nov. _ Dz rufa, King ex Hook. f. in Hook., Ic. Pl. t. 1437; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind., iv, p. 355, non C. B. Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. E. Tibet. Chumbi, 12,000 ft. King’s Collector. 3. D. grandis, Craib in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., xi, p. 244 (19 vised Mountains of the Chungtien plateau. Lat. 27° 55’ N. Alt. 10,000 ft. On dry shady rocks. Flowers blue and white. G. Forrest, 10,855! Fl. Aug. 1913. Mekong-Yangtze divide, Kari Pass. Lat. 27° 40° NS AM. 11,000 ft. Open shady dry rocks. Plant of ro inches. Flowers purple-blue and white. G. Forrest, 12,924! Fl. Aug. 1914. The three species enumerated above form a well-marked group oe ee from all the other species by their large eaves 4. D. Cooperi, Craib in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., xi, p. 241 (I919). D. lanuginosa, C. B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind., p. 355, quoad pl. bhutanicam. Bhutan. Dotena Timpu, 8000 ft., Cooper, 2508/a ! Bhutan, Griffith, K.D. 3835 ! pro parte. 5. D. taliensis, Craib in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin. , xi, p. 249 (1919). ee sae Yunnan. Western flank of the Tali Range. Lat. 25° 40 au. Alt. ro,000 ft. On rocks and cliffs in dry situations. Flowers deep purplish-blue. G. Forrest, 11,536! Fil. Aug. 1913. forma robusta, Craib, l.c., p. 250. Yunnan. Eastern flank of the Tali Range. Lat. 25° 40’ N. Alt. 8000-r10,000 ft. On the faces of cliffs and on humus-covered boulders. Plant of 3-6 inches. Flowers blue, tipped white. G. Forrest, 6910! FI. Aug. I9Io. 260 CRAIB—-DIDISSANDRA AND ALLIED GENERA. 6. D. cordatula, Craib in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., xi, p. 242 (IgIQ). W. Hupeh, Wilson, 2170! Fl. et Fr. June Igoo. 7. D. bhutanica, Craib in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., xi, p. 240 (1919). Bhutan. Tilagong Timpu, in crevices of rock, 6000 ft., R. E. Cooper, 2637! Dotena Timpu, on sloping rock faces, 8000 ft., flowers blue, R. E. Cooper, 2508! Chukha Timpu, in crevices of rock, 4400 ft., flowers blue, R. E. Cooper, 1244! 8. D. lanuginosa, C. B. Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan., v, p. 66 (1883), pro parte ; id. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind., iv, p. 355, pro parte. Didymocarpus lanuginosa, Wall. ex DC. Prodr., ix, p. 268 ; C. B. Clarke, Comm. et Cyrt. Beng., t. 67, saltem pro parte. N.W. Himalaya.. Kumaon, below Naini, 4500 ft., damp rocks, J. R. Reid! Bashahr, Manglad Valley, 5000 ft., Lace, 1057! Ushan Valley, 4500 ft., G. Watt! I have seen no specimens except from the Himalayas which I can refer to true D. lanuginosa. g. D. plicata, Franchet in Bull. Soc. Linn. Par., n.s. i, p. 123 (1899). Yunnan, Tapintze, Mt. Ma-eul-chan, above Hokim-tcheou, 2500 m., in fissures of limestone. Delavay, 3837. 10. D. lineata, Craib in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., xi, _ __ P- 245 (1979). Yunnan, Mountains of the Chungtien plateau. Lat. 27° 55. N. Alt. 10,000 ft. On dry limestone rocks and cliffs. Plant of 3-4 inches. Flowers deep blue. G. Forrest, 10,790! FI. et Fr. Aug. 1913. 11. D. bullata, Craib in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., xi, mes 240 (IgI9Q). - tanuginosa, Lévl., Cat. Pl. Yunna te, vix C. B. Clarke. 2S geiiaete Yunnan. Tong-tchouan, 2600 m., Maire! Fl. July-Aug. Ma-ngau-chan, on rocks, 2550 m., Maire, 212! 214! 12. ra Craib in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., xi, p. 246 IgI0). Yunnan. Bei-ma Shan, Mekong-Yangtze divide. Lat. 28° a N. Alt. 11,000-12,000 ft. On cliffs and boulders in open : : Hons, Plant of 2-5 inches. Flowers pale yellow. Forrest, 13,197! FI. Aug. ror. CRAIB—DIDISSANDRA AND ALLIED GENERA. 261 13. D. sericea, Craib in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., xi, p. 248 ). agA9 Yunnan. Eastern flank of the Lichiang Range. Lat.27° 30’ N. Alt. 10,000—12,000 ft. Onrocks and faces of cliffs. Plant of 2-6 inches. Flowers blue. G. Forrest, 6039! Fl. et Fr. June rgro. Eastern flank of the Lichiang Range. Lat. 27° 12' N. Alt. gooo-11,000 ft. Dry open situations on rocks and faces of cliffs. Plant of 3-6 inches. Flowers rich blue. G. Forrest, 2509! Fl. July 1906. Cult. Hort. Bot. Reg. Edin. ubi floruit June 1919! 14. D. flabellata, Craib in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., xi, Pp. 243 (1919). . D. lanuginosa, C. B. Clarke, var. flabellata, Franchet ex Diels in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., vii, p. 271. ; Yunnan. Eastern flank of the Tali Range. Lat. 25° 40’ N. Alt. 8000-10,000 ft. Faces of cliffs and on humus-covered boulders. Plant of 2-6inches. Flowers dark blue. G. Forrest, 7129! Fl. Aug. 1910 Eastern flank of the Tali Range. Lat. 25° 40’ N. Alt. 7000-9000 ft. Open dry situations on rocks and cliffs. Plant of 2-6inches. Flowers deep blue or blue and white. G. Forrest, 4804! Fl. June-Sept. 1906. 15. D. mengtzeana, Craib in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., xi, p. 247 (1919). Yunnan. Mengtze, on rocks, 4700 ft., blue flowers, Henry, gigo ! et on rocks, also on earthy banks, 4600-5000 ft., ‘ee blue flowers, Henry, grg0 ! ! 16. D. Labordei, Craib in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., xi, Pp. 245 (1919). ; D. lanuginosa, Lévl., Fl. du Kouy-Tcheou, p. 182, vix C. B. Clarke. Kouy-Tcheou. Tsin-gay, Laborde et Bodinier, 1637 bis! Gan-pin, Martin et Bodinier, 1637! Gan eg Cavalerie, 3121! Briggsia, Craib. Leaves glabrous or in thé young stage puberulous, narrowly peltate ; acaulescent ag Calyx segments 9 mm. long ae 5-6cm.long . __ I. /ongipes. Calyx segments up to 7 mm. long. ‘ ; : 2. Mihiers. Corolla 5 cm. long : : < Datei, Corolla up to 3.5 cm. long Leaves never glabrous. Distinct stem present. Leaf serrate, undersurface with few nee a on midrib and nerves ; calyx Icm. or more long.. mabilis. 262 CRAIB—DIDISSANDRA AND ALLIED GENERA. Leaf hain crenulate, undersurface —— with mostly — e hairs ; calyx about 6 mm. long 5. Cavaleriet. Stemles Corolla with a spur-like projection on the inside near the base of each of the anticous 2a ents : 6. Agnesiae. Corolla wifliout such a ten lobes dentioulate " es apex ; . 7. pinfaensis. rolla lobes not denticu Feat margin entire ; : ; ; 8. Beauverdiana. enti Leaves elongate, fancies to SS Corolla 5 cm. long . g. speciosa. Corolla up a 3-5 cm ong eafindumentum ce of white hairsto. longifolia. Undersurface of leaf with both white and brown hairs . : ri. sued Leaves oblong, elliptic or ovate. Petiole shorter than lamina ; ‘hairs on upper surface of leaf arising from cushion-like Ahesees Forrestii Petiole at least of outer leaves longer eee the lamina ; hairs on upper surface of leaf not on such aga rao Leaves cordulate at base. Ma Leaves cuneate at base : 14. sigantissinna: ap 3. B. longipes, Craib, comb. nov. Didissandra longipes, Hemsl. ex Oliver in Hook., Ic. PL, “oO +t. 2379 (1895); Hemsl. in Kew Bull., 1895, p. 115; Lévl., Cat. Pl. Yunnan, p. 123. piiban. Mengtze, in crevices of shady rocks in a dark lime- stone'glen. Hancock, 50. qev? 2. B. Mihieri, Craib, comb. nov. ae Didissandra Mihieri, Franchet in Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Par., + 3885, p. 450; Lévl., Fl. Kouy-Tcheou, p. 182, pro parte. au Didymocarpus Mthieri, Lévl. in Compte Rend. Ass. Fr. (1905), 1906, p. 427. Kouy-Tcheou, Perry, 1858; Gan-pin, Martin et Bodinier, 1816! Fl. 17-20 Sept. asvt 3. B. Fritschii, Craib, comb. nov. 2 »\ Didissandra Fritschii, Lév\. et Van’ in Compte Rend. Ass. Fr. | (1905), 1906, p. 425. D. Mthieri, Lévl., Fl. Kouy-Tcheou, p. 182, pro parte. Charita Fauriei, Lévl., L.c., p. 181, pro parte, vix Franchet. Didymocarpus Fritschii, Lévi. in Compte Rend. Ass. Fr. (1905), 1906, p. 428. ae essen Esquirol, 583! Tsin-gay, Laborde et Bodinier, CRAIB—DIDISSANDRA AND ALLIED GENERA. 263 In his Flore du Kouy*Tcheou Léveillé reduced his Didissandra Fritschit to Franchet’s earlier species D. Mihieri. Little more than the types is known of these two species, and they differ so markedly in floral dimensions that for the present I prefer to enumerate them as distinct. a B. amabilis, Craib, comb. nov. otDidissandra amabilis, Diels in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., V, p. 224 (1912), pro parte ; Lévl., Cat. Pl. Yunnan, p. 123. Yunnan. Eastern flank of the Lichiang Range. Lat. 27° 25’ N. Alt. 10,000-11,000 ft. Moist moss-covered ledges and crevices of cliffs. Plant of 6-9 inches. Flowers light yellow, spotted purple. G. Forrest, 2689! Fl. Aug. 1906. 497% var. taliensis, Craib, var. nov., corolla paulo breviore latiore if aurantiaco- vel aurantiaco-brunneo-maculata, caulis in- dumento sparsiore, foliis tenuioribus cognoscenda. Didissandra amabilis, Diels in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., V, p. 224 (1912), pro parte. Yunnan. Eastern flank of the Tali Range. Lat. 25° 40’ N. Alt. gooo—10,000 ft. On trees and humus-covered boulders in shady situations in side valleys. Plant of 6-12inches. Flowers orange-yellow, spotted orange-brown. G. Forrest, 4385! FA. July-Aug. 1906. Ibid. Flowers deep yellow, spotted orange. G. Forrest, 6893! Fl. July rogro. qar'o 5. B. Cavaleriei, Craib, comb. nov. | 9,94 Didissandra Cavaleriei, Lévl. et Van. in Compte Rend. Ass. : Fr. (1905), 1906, p. 425. Chirita sphagnicola, Lévl., Fl. Kouy-Tcheou, p. 182, quoad spec. infra citatum, haud Lévl. et Van. Didymocarpus Cavaleriei, Lévl. in Compte Rend. Ass. Fr, (1905), 1906, p. 427. Kouy-Tcheou, Esquirol, ~~ Fl. Aug. 1905; Pim-Fa, Cavalerie, 239! Fl. Aug. x Léveillé in his Flore du Kouy-Toheou reduced his Didissandra Cavaleriei, which is a true Didissandra (in the wide sense), to Chirita sphagnicola, which is a true Chirita. 9018 6. B. Agnesiae, Craib, comb. nov. \9%0 Didissandra Agnesiae, G. Forrest in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., viii, p. 334 (1915) ; Lévl., Cat. Pl. Yunnan, p. 123. Yunnan. Mountains of the Yung Peh. Lat. 26° 40 tN. Alt. go00-10,000 ft. Plant of 2-4inches. Flowers deep crimson. 264 CRAIB—DIDISSANDRA AND ALLIED GENERA. Open dry situations on rocks and cliffs. G. Forrest, 12,829! Fl. July rgr4. Cult. Hort. Bot. Reg. Edin. ubi floruit July 1919! aort 7. B. pinfaensis, Craib, comb. nov. < Didissandra pinfaensis, Lévl. in Fedde Rep. Nov. Sp., ix, WU 328 (1911). D. elegantissima, Lévl., Fl. Kouy-Tcheou, p. 182, quoad syn. vx Lévl. et Van. Kouy-Tcheou, Pin-Fa, Cavalerie, 3315 ! nov? 8. B. Beauverdiana, Craib, comb. nov. a8%° Didissandra Beauverdiana, Lévl. in Fedde Rep. Nov. Sp., ix, p. 328 (1911) ; Lévl., Cat. Pl. Yunnan, p. 123. Yunnan. Tchen-Fong-Chan, Delavay, 5029, 5085. ant 9. B. speciosa, Craib, comb. nov. 90%\ Didissandra speciosa, Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc., xxvi, p. 228 (1890). Didymocarpus speciosa, Lévl. in Compte Rend. Ass. Fr. (1905), 1906, p. 428. Hupeh. Patung, Nanto, Hsingshan, and Tunghu, mostly on faces of perpendicular cliffs. Henry. , Io. B. longifolia, Craib in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., xi, p. 238 (1919). Yunnan. Western flank of the Shweli-Salwin divide. Lat. 25° 20’ N. Alt. 10,000 ft. Plant of 6-12 inches. Flowers deep orange. On ledges of cliffs and on humus-covered boulders. G. Forrest, 8984! Fl. et Fr. Aug. 1912. G. Forrest, 15,828! Fl. et Fr. Aug. 1917. Shweli-Salwin divide. Lat. 25° 30’ N. Alt. 8000 ft. On trees and rocks in shady side valleys. Plant of 6-10 inches. Flowers yellow, flushed deep purple-crimson at margins. G. Forrest, 17,619! Fl. et Fr. July-Aug. 1918. Shweli-Salwin divide. Lat. 25° 20’N. Alt. gooo ft. Shady dry situations on rocks and in thickets. Flowers deep yellow with darker markings. G. Forrest, 11,988! Fl. Aug. 1913. apor 11. B. muscicola, Craib, comb. nov. a0%lDidissandra muscicola, Diels in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., V; p. 225 (1912). Yunnan. Mekong-Salwin divide. Lat. 27° 302 N: Alt. 7000-8000 ft. On moss-covered boulders and trees in shady CRAIB—DIDISSANDRA AND ALLIED GENERA, 265 rhododendron forest, in side valleys of the Mekong. Plant of 6-12 inches. Flowers deep orange. G. Forrest, 5095! FI. et Fr, July 1905. Mekong-Salwin divide. Lat. 28° 12’ N. Alt. 10,000 ft. Shady situations on rocks and trees in side valleys. Plant of 12 inches. Flowers pale orange-yellow with brown markings. G. Forrest, 14,189! Fl. and Fr. July 1917. G. Forrest, 14,967 ! Fr. Sept. 1917. Mekong-Salwin divide. Doker La. Lat. 28° 20’ N. Alt. 10,000 ft. In shady forests, on trunks of trees. Plant of 6-10 inches. Flowers deep orange, spotted dull purple. G. Forrest, 16,879! Fl. Aug. 1918. G. Forrest, 17,262! Fr. Oct. 1918. 12. B. Forrestii, Craib in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., xi, p- 237 (1919). Yunnan. Shweli-Salwin divide. Lat. 25°30’N. Alt. 8000— 10,000 ft. Moist shady moss-covered rocks. Plant of 4-7 inches. Flowers pale rosy-purple, lined deeper, with a tinge of yellow on lip. G. Forrest, 16,096! Fl. et Fr. Sept. 1917. G. Forrest, 17,552! Fl. et Fr. June 1918. Shweli Valley. Lat. 24° 50’ N. Alt. 5000-6000 ft. On trees and rocks in shady situations. Plant of 3-6 inches. G. Forrest, 7985! Fr. May Ig12. To this species may also belong Ward, 1888, from Upper Burma. Firs. purple, throat of corolla striped and mottled with white on lower half. On wet rock slabs, in deep shade of forest and gullies or in river bed. Valley of Naung-chaung. 13. B. Mairei, Craib in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., xi, p. 239 Ig19). Didissandra saxatilis, Lévl., Cat. Pl. Yunnan, p. 123, et fig. 26, p. 124, non Hemsl. Yunnan. Tong-tchouan, 2600-2700 m., Maire, 210! 213! 285! 7455! et sinenum.! Ta-hai, 3000 m., Maire! 904914. B. elegantissima, Craib, comb. nov. 1.003 Didissandra elegantissima, Lévl. et Van. in Compte Rend. Ass. Fr. (1905), 1906, p. 425; Lévl., Fl. Kouy-Tcheou, p. 182, excl. syn. Didymocarpus elegantissima, Lévl. in Compte Rend. Ass. Fr. (1905), 1906, p. 428. Kouy-Tcheou, Pin-Fa, Cavalerie, 239! Ton-chan, Cavalerie, 2686 ! Under number 2686 are two specimens, on each of which 266 CRAIB—DIDISSANDRA AND ALLIED GENERA. there is only one open flower. In the dry state these two corollas differ considerably in the length of the posticous lip—the corolla of the smaller plant has a much shorter posticous lip than that of the larger. Ancylostemon, Craib. —- cinnamomeo- -lanate, midrib and nerves on undersurface of ves densely cinnamomeo- -lanate, the hairs soon becoming teste 1, notochlaena. Peduncles as. also midrib. and nerves. of undersurface of leaf with long spreading brown hairs (in nase A shorter ape ones). Ovary densely covered with short h : 2. saxatile. Ovary glabrous or with a few ater’ hairs. Calyx at flowering time 11 mm. long ; posticous lip of corolla with concave or straight ios thickened at apex and slightly lobulate 3, concavum. Calyx at flowering time not over 7 mm. long ; posticous lip sub- entire, emarginate or distinctly lobed, not thickened at apex. Leaves membranous, with a thin coating si =e hairs on, both surfaces.in addition to longer brown. o 4. convexum Leaves rigidly chartaceous, with a dense ae of white hairs on both surfaces in addition to longer brown ones ; : : ; : : 5. Mairei. ot” ; +° +t. A. notochlaena, Craib, comb. nov. 924V Didissandra notochlaena, Lévl. et Van. in Compte Rend. Ass. Fr. (1905), 1906, p. 425. Didymocarpus notochlaena, Lévl., l.c., p. 428. Oreocharis notochlaena, Lévl., Fl. Kouy-Tcheou, p. 185. Kouy-Tcheou, Tsin-gay, Tchao-se, Laborde et Bodinier, 2684 ! qt 2. A. saxatile, Craib, comb. nov. 94\ Didissandra saxatilis, Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc., xxvi, 227 (1890). Didymocarpus saxatilis, Lévl. in Compte Rend. Ass. Fr. (1905), 1906, p. 427. Hupeh. Wilson, 1584! Patung, Kuei, and Fang, on vertical cliffs, Henry. Szechuan. S. Wushan, Henry. var. ? microcalyx, Hemsl., Le. Szechuan. S. Wushan, Henry. 3. A. concavum, Craib in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., xj, P- 234 (1919). Yunnan. Mekong-Yangtze divide, Kari Pass. Lat. 27° 40’ N. Alt. 11,000, ft. On trunks of trees and moss-covered boulders CRAIB—DIDISSANDRA AND ALLIED: GENERA. 267 in shady situations. Plant of 4-7 inches, Flowers deep orange. G. Forrest, 12,943! Fl. et Fr. Aug: I9I4, ? Mekong-Salwin divide. Lat. 28° 10’ N. Alt. 10,000 ft. On trees and rocks in shady situations. Plant of 3-5 inches, G. Forrest, 13,445! Fr; Oct. LQl4. Yunnan. G. Forrest, 16,634! Fl. et Fr. July 1918. 4. A. convexum, Craib in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin. , xi, p.235 (1919). Didymocarpus aurea, Diels in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., vil, p. 271, non Roettlera aurea, Franchet. Yunnan. Eastern flank of the Tali Range, g000—-10,000 ft. Lat. 25° 40’ N. On humus-covered boulders and trees. Plant of 4-8 inches. Flowers deep ruddy orange. G. Forrest, 7105 ! Fl. July 1910. 4803! FI. June-July rg06. 15,483! Fl. et Fr. Aug. 1917. 15,930! Fl. Aug.-Sept. 1917. Shweli-Salwin divide. Lat. 25° 30’ N. G. Forrest, 17,623! Fl. et Fr. July ro18. aor? 5. A. Mairei, Craib, comb. nov. 9 2,45 Didymocarpus Mairet, Lévl. in feade Rep. Nov. Sp., xi, 301 (1912) ; id., Cat. Pl. Yunnan, p. 123. Yunnan. Ma hong, 3000 m., E. E. Maire! FI. July. Isometrum, Craib. Filaments glabrous : é ; é : 1. Farrer, Filaments with glandular hairs . : : : . 2. glandulosa. 1. I. Farreri, Craib in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., xi, p. 250 (1919) Oreocharis Henryana, Farrer in Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc., xlii, 87 (1916), non Oliver. S. Kansu. Very general at low elevations on rather cool rocks and very steep banks of cool clammy soil that grows a fine film of moss. Flowers a pretty shrimpy pink with a bronzy tone. Farrer et Purdom, 262! Fl. Aug. 28 : ey I. glandulosa, Craib, comb. nov. qo? Didissandra glandulosa, Batalin in Act. Hort. Petrop., xii, 175 (1892). N. Szechuan. Potanin. Fl. 17th Aug. 1885. I have seen no specimens of Batalin’s Szechuan species, but 268 CRAIB—DIDISSANDRA AND ALLIED GENERA. from the description it must be very closely allied to the Kansu plant. Batalin’s original description does not, however, apply to Farrer’s plant in a few details, and under these circumstances I have decided to keep the two plants separate. From description alone I would incline to the inclusion in this genus of Didissandra Fargesiit, Franchet, described from Szechuan plants. The description, however, suggests no points of difference between this plant and Didissandra glandulosa, Batalin, unless the slightly longer corolla of the latter. Revision of Petrocosmea. BY WILLIAM GRANT CRAIB, M.A., paetipees on Forest Botany and Indian Forest Trees n the University of Edinburgh. THE genus Petrocosmea was originally described by Oliver * in 1887 from Dr. Henry’s Ichang collections. , Eight years later Hemsley + added another species—P. grandiflora—which was collected at Mengtze by Hancock. These two species—P. sinensis and P. grandiflora—agree in the lobing of the corolla limb. Although the limb is distinctly bilabiate, yet the five lobes are of subequal dimensions. In 1899 Hemsley { added two more species—P. iodioides, collected at Mengtze by both Hancock and Dr. Henry; and P. minor, collected also at Mengtze by Han- cock. In these two species the posticous lip is very much shorter than the anticous, and for their reception Hemsley created a new section which he callefl Anisochilus. In 1911 two species were added by Léveillé §—P. Cavaleriet and P. Martinit,—both from Kouy-Tcheou, and in 1915 the same author || described P. Mairei from Maire’s Yunnan plants. In rg18 the present writer § described another Mengtze species—P. Hemryt. At this time the genus was confined to Hupeh, Kouy-Tcheou, and Yunnan, but last year the genus was recorded ** from N. Siam, where Dr. Kerr collected P. Kerrit. Thus at the present time the genus consists of 9 species—8 Chinese and 1 Siamese. In this contribution six more species are added—all from China. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Lips of corolla of subequal length, the eeyres not clasping the style (§ Eupetr dg ee raib. Filament and connective hirsute. : ‘ ae 5 grandiflora. Filament and connective glabrous. * Oliver in Hook., Ic. Pl., xviii, t. 1716 (1887). + Hemsley in Hook., Ic. Pl., xxv, t. 2410 (1895). + Hemsley in Hook., Ic. Pl., xxvi, tt. 2599, 2600 (1899). § Lévl. in Fedde Rep. Nov. Sp., ix, p. 329 (T9I1). || Lévl. in Bull. Acad. Geogr. Bot., 1915, p. 24. ah Craib in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., x, p. 216 (1918). * Craib in Kew Bull., 1918, p. 365. gin Ca Edin., No. LV, November 1919.] F 270 CRAIB—REVISION OF PETROCOSMEA. Calyx segments nearly — on back at wits ao ciliate on margin . P. oblata. Calyx segments pilose on back at flowering tim tim Midrib and lateral nerves conspicuous eee ‘broad and a densely covered with patent white hairs 3. P. nervo Midrib and lateral nerves not conspicuous or only oesmciontlld subconspicuous below. Leaves up to 4.5cm.long . : : . 4. P. flaccida. eaves up to 3 cm. long . P. sinensis. Anticous lip “sigiaieee — than posticous, the latter ‘clasping the : (§ Anisochilus, Hemsl.) Filament glabrous Anthers almost 5m m. long, exserted ; leaves manned pein! and regularly few-toothed, cuneate at base, up to2c . le enryi. Anthers under 2 mm. .. long, included : leaves entire, crenulate or shallowly toothed, membranous, up to 3 cm. long, cuneate to cordate at base. Style shortly ‘pubescent on the lower part . 7. P. Forrestit. Style with very long silky hairs on the lower part. Anthers about 0.6 mm. long, broader than long age ‘Cavaleriei. Anthers 1-1 5 mm. long, longer than broad . g. P. barbata. Filaments not glabrous. Leaves up to 10 cm. ene i : ; . Io. P. Kerri. Leaves up to 3 cm. long. Filaments about twice as long as anthers, which are under I mm. Calyx sacar about 3 mm. long, filaments euraiehy : P. Mairet. Calyx segments about 4 mm. long, filaments ee towards apex 12. P. minor. Signage slightly longer ¢ or shorter than. anthers or about half ong as anthers, the anthers bane at least 2.5 mm. long. ace twice as long as filament . 13. P. Duclouxi. Anther subequal to filament. Leaves up to 2 cm. rg mostly elliptic to Se ovate ; calyx about 4 mm P. Martini. Leaves up to 3 cm. long, mostly ovate to elliptic- -ovate ; calyx noant 6 mm. long 15. P. iodioides. ENUMERATION OF THE SPECIES. 1. P. grandiflora, reopen in Kew Bull., 1895, p. 115; id Hook: Ter PE, t: 24 Yunnan. Mengtze, crevices of limestone precipices, 6400 ft. Hancock, 115. apo 2. P. oblata, Craib, sp. nov. Herba nana, rhizomate brevi crasso. Folia oblata vel orbi- cularia, Brite: rotundata truncatave, basi truncata vel cordatula, usque ad 3 cm. diametro, ut videtur viva plus minusve carnosa, CRAIB—REVISION OF PETROCOSMEA, 271 pagina utraque pilis breviusculis subconspicuis conspersa, nervis lateralibus utrinque 3-4 obscuris vel subobscuris, margine ciliata, petiolo usque ad 4 cm. longo sparse piloso cito plus minusve glabrescente suffulta. Inflorescentia e floribus pluribus (usque ad 8) pedunculis 3.5-8.5 cm. longis medio brevi-bracteatis breviter albo-pilosulis saepe purpurascentibus singulatim gestis. Calyx dorso subglaber, sicco plus minusve purpurascens, in segmenta 5 lanceolata vel lineari-lanceolata apice breviter obtuse acumi- nata inter se subaequalia circa 3 mm. longa et 1 mm. lata trinervia vel 5-nervia et nervis marginalibus subconspicuis tantum nervis infra apicem summum concurrentibus partitus. Corollae tubus circa 2.5 mm. longus ; limbus bilabiatus ; labium posticum circa 6 mm. longum, bilobatum, lobis oblongis apice rotundatis vix 4 mm. longis 3 mm. latis ciliolatis, anticum 6-7 mm. longum, trilobatum, lobis oblongis vel elliptico-oblongis apice rotundatis ciliolatis mediano usque ad 6 mm. longo. Stamina fertilia duo, filamentis glabris 1.5 mm. longis, antheris 2.25 mm. longis apice emarginulatis, connectivo glabro. Ovarium 1.5 mm. altum, pilosum, stylo 6 mm. longo inferne incrassato et breviter piloso, stigmate parvo. Capsula straminea, 4-5 mm. longa. S.W. Szechuan. Mu-li Mountains. Lat. 28° 12’ N. Alt, 10,000 ft. G. Forrest, 16,859/b! Fl. Sept. 1918. jot . 3. P. nervosa, Craib, sp. nov. Herba nana, rhizomate brevi crasso. Folia erecta vel sub- erecta, quoad formam variabilia, obovata, elliptico-obovata, oblato-obovata, oblata vel rotundata, apice rotundata vel sub- rotundata, basi cuneata, rotundato-truncata vel cordata, usque ad 5.5 cm. longa et lata, viva carnosula, sicco chartaceéo-mem- branacea, pagina superiore pilis transverse septatis flaccidis sat dense vel fere sparse instructa, inferiore ad costam nervosque pilosa, aliter sparsius pilosa, nervis lateralibus utrinque 3 supra obscuris subtus latis conspicuis, margine integra vel interdum crenulata, petiolo 3-4 cm. vel rarius usque ad 8 cm. longo piloso suffulta, Pedunculi numerosi, paulo supra medium parvi- bracteati, uniflori, rarius 2—3-flori, circa 6 cm. longi, longius albo- pilosi. Calyx dorso breviter pilosus, in segmenta 5 inter se subaequalia lanceolata Vel lineari-lanceolata apice obtusiuscula 3-4 mm. longa 0.75-I mm. lata interdum paucidentata ciliata trinervia partitus. Corollae tubus 2.5 mm. longus, limbus bilabiatus ; labium posticum 7 mm. longum, paulo ultra medium bilobatum, lobis oblongis apice rotundatis ciliatis, anticum paululo ultra 6 mm. longum, trilobatum, lobis oblongis apice rotundatis circa 4.5 mm. longis ciliatis. Stamina fertilia duo, glabra, filamentis 1.5 mm. longis, antheris apice emarginulatis ap 272 CRAIB—REVISION OF PETROCOSMEA. 2 mm. longis. Ovarium calyce parum brevius, pilosum, stylo 6 mm. longo inferne pilosulo, stigmate parvo capitato. Capsula circa 5 mm. longa. Yunnan. Yung-peh Mountains. Lat. 26° 42’ N. Alt. 8000-9000 ft. Dry stony pasture. Plant of 2-4 inches. Flowers blue; foliage fleshy. G. Forrest, 16,891! Fl. Sept. 1918. Yung-peh Mountains. Lat. 26° 42’ N. Alt. gooo ft. Open dry situations on rocks and cliffs. Plant of 3-4 inches. G. Forrest, 16,653! Fr. July 1918. 4. P. flaccida, Craib, sp. nov. Herba nana, rhizomate brevi crasso. Folia oblata, rotun- dato-oblata vel fere rotundata, apice rotundata truncatave, basi cuneata vel acuminato-cuneata, usque ad 4.5 cm. longa et lata, viva carnosa, pagina utraque pilis sat longis albis transverse septatis flaccidis conspersa, nervis lateralibus utrinque 3-4 supra obscuris subtus subconspicuis, margine ciliata, integra vel rarius undulato-crenulata, petiolo usque ad 10 cm. sed saepissime 5~7 Cm. longo piloso vel sparse piloso suffulta. Pedunculi numerosi, praesertim superne albo-pilosi, supra medium bracteis duabus parvis instructi, uniflori, saepissime 5-6 cm. alti. Calyx extra pilosus, in segmenta 5 lanceolata vel lineari-lanceolata apice obtusiuscula vel breviter obtuse acuminata inter se subaequalia 3-4 mm. longa 3-5-nervia ciliata partitus. Corollae tubus 2.5-3 mm. longus, limbus bilabiatus ; labium posticum 6-7 mm. longum, ultra medium bilobatum lobis oblongis apice rotundatis ciliatis, anticum 7-7.5 mm. longum, fere ad basem trilobatum, lobis obovatis vel oblongo-obovatis apice rotundatis ciliatis. Stamina fertilia duo, glabra, filamentis 1.5 mm. longis, antheris 2.25 mm. longis apice emarginulatis. Ovarium calyce brevius, stylo 5 mm. longo inferne breviter piloso, stigmate parvo. Capsula 5-6 mm. longa. S.W. Szechuan. Mu-li Mountains. Lat. 28° 12’ N. Alt. 10,000 ft. Open dry pasture and on cliffs. Plant of 2—3 inches. Flowers blue. G. Forrest, 16,859/a! FI. Sept. 1918. 5. P. sinensis, Oliver in Hook., Ic. Pl., xviii, t. 1716 (1887). Hupeh. Ichang, Henry, 2321, 2921. Hupeh, Wilson, 2541 i 6. P. Henryi, Craib in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., x, p. 216 (1918). | P. minor, Hemsl. in Hook., Ic. Pl., xxvi, t. 2600 (1899), quoad pl. Henryanam. Yunnan. Mengtze; cliffs in shade, 5000 ft. Single blue flowers. Henry, 9154! CRAIB—REVISION OF PETROCOSMEA. 273 V*" 7, P, Forrestii, Craib, sp. nov. Folia in rosulam patulam primo densam 4—10 cm. diametro disposita, rarius suberecta, elliptica vel rhombeo-elliptica, rarius rotundata, apice obtusa vel rotundata, basi cuneata vel late cuneata, ad 3 cm. longa et 2.2 cm. lata, membranacea vel chartaceo-membranacea, supra iuventute sericea, mox pilosa, pilis sat longis transverse septatis, subtus pilis similibus sed parum brevioribus pilosa, nervis lateralibus utrinque circa 3 obscuris, margine ciliata, integra vel rarius pauci-crenata, petiolo sparse piloso ad 3 cm. longo suffulta. Pedunculi numerosi, breviter pilosi, supra medium bracteis duabus parvis instructi, uniflori. Calyx extra pilis albis brevibus plus minusve adpressis sat dense tectus, in segmenta 5 lineari-lanceolata apice acutius- cula inter se subaequalia vix ad 4 mm. longa basi 1 mm. lata longius ciliata nervis obscuris partitus. Corolla intus postice dense pilosa, antice sparse pilosa, tubo 4 mm. longo, limbo conspicue bilabiato ; labium posticum circa 3.5 mm. longum, bene ultra medium bilobatum, lobis apice rotundatis ciliolatis, anticum 7 mm. longum, ad medium trilobatum, . lobis oblongis apice rotundatis ciliolatis. Stamina fertilia duo, glabra, filamentis 2 mm. longis ad medium flexis, antheris 1.75 mm. longis apice rotundatis vel leviter emarginatis. Ovarium villosum, in calyce bene inclusum, stylo 5.5 mm. longo inferne sparse pubescente, stigmate parvo. Capsula circa 4 mm. longa. Yunnan. Western flank of the Tali Range. Lat. 25° 40’ N. Alt. 7o0oo ft. On shady rocks. Plant of 2-4 inches. Flowers light blue. G. Forrest, 15,561! Fl. July 1917. 8. P. Cavaleriei, Lévl. in Fedde Rep. Nov. Sp., 1x, p. 329 (I9gII), pro parte ; id. Fl. Kouy-Tcheou, p. 185, pro parte. Kouy-Tcheou. Gan-pin. Martin et Bodinier, 1907! FI. Oct. 1897 (type). As the type of Léveillé’s species I have taken the first specimen quoted in the original description. If we take the character of the pilosity of the lower part of the style where the hairs are very long, white, and spread at right angles to the style, then Cavalerie, 1898, from Tien-sen-kiao would also belong to P. C avaleriet. Cavalerie, 837, however, from Long-ly does not show this character, and again the filaments are not glabrous. This collection I should refer to P. Martini. 90%, P. barbata, Craib, sp. nov. Herba nana. Folia omnia basalia, suberecta, plus minusve rotundata vel ovata, rarissime ovato-lanceolata, apice rotundata obtusave, basi late cuneata, rotundata, cordatave, ad 2.5 cm. 274 CRAIB—REVISION OF PETROCOSMEA. longa et lata, membranacea, supra viridia, sublaxe flaccide pilosa, subtus pallidiora, ad costam nervosque laterales densius pilosa, aliter pilosa, nervis lateralibus utrinque 3-4 supra obscuris subtus saepe subconspicuis, margine crenata, ciliata, petiolo ad 6 cm. longo laxe piloso suffulta. Pedunculi ad ro cm. longi, laxe pilosi, bene supra medium parvibracteati, uni- vel bi-flori. Calyx extra pilosus, in segmenta 5 inter se subaequalia, lanceo- lata vel lineari-lanceolata, circa 3 mm. longa et basi 1 mm. lata, ciliata, 3-nervia partitus. Corolla distincte bilabiata, postice 4 mm. longa, intra densius pilosa, antice 8.5 mm. longa, intra sparse pilosa, tubo 2.75 mm. longo ; labium posticum ad medium bilobatum, lobis rotundatis ciliatis, anticum paulo ultra medium 3-lobatum, lobis ellipticis vel elliptico-obovatis apice rotundatis ciliatis. Stamina fertilia duo, glabra, filamentis basi curvatis 1.5 mm. longis, antheris I-1.5 mm. longis. Ovarium breve, in calyce bene inclusum, stylo 4 mm. longo inferne longe barbato, stigmate parvo. Capsula circa 6 mm. longa. - Yunnan. Yunnan-sen, Maire, 2329! 128 Kerrii, Craib in Kew Bull., 1918, p. 365. Siam. Doi Sutep, damp rocks in evergreen jungle, 1560 m., Kerr, 3361! Fl. Sept. 1914. 11. P. Mairei, Lévl. in Bull. Acad. Geogr. Bot., xii, p. 166 (1903). Yunnan. Rochers des mont. 4 Tcha-ho; 2600 m., Fl. bleues. Maire, 89! et sine num.! FI. Aug. 12. P. minor, Hemsl. in Hook., Ic. Pl., xxvi, t. 2600 (1899), pl. Henryana exclusa. Yunnan. Mengtze; on rocks, 6000-7000 ft. Hancock, 428 (Herb. Kew !). ane 13. P. Duclouxii, Craib, sp. nov. Herba nana, rhizomate brevi. Folia omnia basalia, sub- erecta, plus minusve rotundata vel ovato-rotundata, apice rotun- data, basi saepissime cordata, saepissime 1-2 cm. longa et lata, chartacea, supra pilosa, subtus dense pilosa, nervis lateralibus utrinque 3-5 supra obscuris subtus interdum conspicuis, margine integra vel saepissime crenulata, petiolo sparse piloso usque ad 7-5 cm. longo suffulta. Pedunculi numerosi, uniflori, saepe purpurascentes, sparse albo-pilosi, usque ad 10 cm. alti. Calyx dorso breviter pilosus, in segmenta 5 lanceolata vel lineari- lanceolata apice acutiuscula circa 3 mm. longa basi vix I mm. data trinervia ciliata partitus. Corolla distincte bilabiata, _ postice 7.5 mm. longa, antice 13-15 mm. longa, tubo circa 4 mm. CRAIB—REVISION OF PETROCOSMEA. 275 longo ; labium posticum fere ad basem bilobatum, anticum vix ad medium trilobatum, lobis apice rotundatis ciliolatis. Fila- menta recta, pilis capitatis brevibus densius furfuracea, vix 2 mm. longa, antheris 3 mm. longis. Ovarium calyce paulo brevius ; stylus 6 mm. longus, superne glaber, inferne sparse pubescens, stigmate parvo. Capsula circa 6 mm. longa. Yunnan. Yunnan-sen—fissures des roches—montagne—fi. bleues. F. Ducloux, 548/906! Fl. June 1908 (type). Yunnan- sen, Maire, 230! 615 (Fl. May)! 2/671 (Fl. June)! 1349! 14. P. Martinii, Lévl. in Fedde Rep. Nov. Sp., ix, p. 329 (1911). P. Cavaleriet, Lévl., l.c., p. 329, pro parte. Vaniotia Martini, Lévl. in Bull. Acad. Geogr. Bot., xu, p. 166 (1903). Kouy-Tcheou. Gan-pin, Martin et Bodinier, 2683! FI. June 1899. Long-ly, Cavalerie, 837! 15. P. iodioides, Hemsl. in Hook., Ic. Pl., xxvi, t. 2590 (1899). Yunnan. Mengtze, N. mts., on cliffs in shade, 7000 ft. Henry, 10,259! Note on the Occurrence of a new Coccid in the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. BY E. ERNEST GREEN, F.Z.S. AN interesting Coccid, at present undescribed, has been found at the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, where it occurs—in some abundance—upon Gaultheria depressa, Hook. f., growing in one of the cool houses. The insect proves to be a species of Poliaspis—a genus characterised by the possession of supplementary circumgenital glands. It is allied to, but sufficiently distinct from, Poliaspis cycadis—a species that has been found attacking Cycads in one of the tropical houses at the Royal Gardens, Kew. The infested plants of Gaultheria were raised from seed received from New Zealand ; so there can be no question of the introduction of this Coccid with its host plant; though, curiously, one of its nearest allies (Poliaspis argentosa) is a native of New Zealand. The new species (for which the name of gaultheriae is proposed) will be described and figured in an early number of the Entomologist’s Monthly _ Magazine. = - {Notes, R.B.G., Edin., No. LV, November r919.] PLATEYCLXII. NorTes, R.B.G., EDIN. 7, fay yh ey Vi ‘ x ad + hea, ° Ah ia yt ° ‘alvuo ‘ILSSYYOS SFISV Notes, R.B.G., EIN. PLATE CLXIII. ABIES DELAVAYI, FRANCHET. PLATE CLXIV. Notes, R.B.G., Epin. kr ve — WH Wilson ABIES FABERI, CRAIB. Abies Delavayi in Cultivation. BY WILLIAM GRANT CRAIB, M.A., Lecturer on Forest Botany and Indian Forest Trees in the University of Edinburgh. With Plates CLXII-CLXIV. FROM recent correspondence addressed to the Royal Botanic Garden it became evident that doubts existed as to what the true Abies Delavayi is, as to whether the true plant is in cultiva- tion, and if not, as to the identification of plants recently intro- duced under that name. The plants at present under cultiva- tion come from two districts in China, viz. Western Szechuan, where seeds were collected by E. H. Wilson; and Western Yunnan, where G. Forrest collected seeds. For some time now it has been recognised that the pioneers were mistaken in their ideas that the Himalayan and S.W. Chinese floras were practi- cally identical. Wherever possible plants of the earlier collections were referred to Himalayan species. But more recent critical work has shown us that in the S.W. corner of China we must recognise certain definite floristic areas. Two such regions which must be regarded as distinct are W. Szechuan, the explora- tion of which has been so well carried out by E. H. Wilson, and that portion of Yunnan which concerns us at present where Delavay obtained the material elaborated by Franchet and from which no small part of the rich collections of G. Forrest has been obtained. Occasion therefore arises for a careful examination of the material when one finds Wilsonian plants erumerated as identical with Delavayan. Examination of Wilson’s material of his so-called Abies Delavayi has afforded additional proof of the distinctness of the two regions referred to. Wilson’s Szechuan plant is, in my opinion, certainly not identical with Franchet’s Yunnan A. Delavayi. For the Szechuan material seen by me I propose the new combination A. Faberz, since the plant had already been described as Keteleeria Fabri by Masters. Further confusion arose owing to the fact that a Forrestian plant has been distributed and is growing here as in other places {Notes, R.B.G., Edin., No. LV, November r919.] 278 CraIB—ABIES DELAVAYI IN CULTIVATION. under the name A. Delavayi. Now A. Delavayi was based on a Tali plant collected by Delavay, and, as noted below, Forrest's Tali plant is identical with A. Delavayi. But the Forrestian plant in cultivation was raised not from Tali but from Lichiang seed, and the Lichiang plant proves quite distinct from the Tali one. For this Lichiang plant I propose the name 4. Forrest. The following is a limited account of the synonymy and dis- tribution of the species concerned, with diagnosis of the new species. I have limited the synonymy because from what has been said above it will be readily understood that, so far as our present knowledge goes, any reference to A. Delavayt based on a Szechuan plant is probably to A. Faberi, but certainly not to the true A. Delavayr. SYNONYMY AND DISTRIBUTION WITH DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIES. A. Delavayi, Franchet in Journ. de Bot., xiii, p. 255 (1899) ; auct. alii tantum quoad pl. Delavayanam et Forrestianam. Yunnan. Tsang-chan, supra Tali, 3500-4000 m., Delavay, 1210. Open situations at the base of cliffs in ‘side valleys on the eastern flank of the Tali Range, 8000-10,000 ft. Lat. 25° 40’ N. Shrub or tree of 10-40 ft. G. Forrest, 4606! \ov* A. Faberi, Craib, comb. nov. A. Delavayi, Masters in Journ. Linn. Soc., xxxvii, 422 (1906) ; Patschke in Engler, Bot. Jahrb., xlviii, 642 et seq (1913), .pro parte; Rehder et Wilson in Pl. Wils., pt. iv, p. 41 (1914), saltem pro parte, vzx Franchet. Keteleeria Fabri, Masters in Journ. Linn. Soc., xxvi, 555 (r902) ; id. in Gard. Chron., xxxili, 194 (1903) ; Mottet in Rev. Hort., 1904, pp. 130-1; Masters in Journ. Linn. Soc., Xxxvii, 421 (1906); Patschke in Engler, Bot. Jahrb., xlviii, 649 (1913). Pinus Fabri, Voss in Putlitz et Meyer Landlexikon, iv, 773 (1913)—ex Rehder et Wilson, l.c. Western Szechuan. Mount Omei, Faber, 984 (Herb. Kew!) ; Wa-shan, 3000-3600 m., Wilson, 2089, July 1908 (Herb. Edin. !). I am indebted to the Director of the Royal Gardens, Kew, for the opportunity of examining Masters’ type plant of Keteleeria Fabri. The Szechuan and Yunnan plants, though unquestionably _ very closely allied, are, I believe, specifically quite distinct. : My Sonciesiorts are based on a Tali plant collected by G. Forrest, this ec confornis exactly to Franchet’s original descrip- CRAIB—ABIES DELAVAYI IN CULTIVATION. 279 tion of A. Delavayi which was drawn up from Delavay’s Tali plant. One of the main points noted by Franchet is that the trans- verse section of the leaf approximates in outline the symbol © . Forrest’s plant fits exactly in this respect. The margins are so completely recurved that they practically touch the very pro- minent midrib, and throughout its length the lower surface is completely concealed. Further, this condition is maintained absolutely in Forrest’s plant up to and including the oldest leaves, which in the herbarium specimens are 4 years old. Now in Faber’s and Wilson’s plant strong recurving of the margins are present, but the lower surface is not completely concealed throughout its length, and, moreover, here as the leaves become older the recurving becomes less pronounced, so that the lower surface becomes completely or almost completely uncovered. Again, in Forrest’s plant the lateral leaves tend to curve out- wards in the lower part, but from about the middle or from just below the middle they curve inwards, whereas in Wilson’s plant when the leaves are curved the curvature is uniformly back- wards. The incurving of the leaves is mentioned by Franchet in his original description of A. Delavayi. Transverse sections of the leaf of the two species, while show- ing no absolute differentiating mark, yet afford useful compara- tive differences which from the available material appear to be constant. Both species show a well-developed hypodermis, but that of A. Delavayi as also the epidermis consists of conspicuously thick-walled cells. Below the divided fibro-vascular bundle we find in A. Delavayi a few sclerotic cells, whereas in A. Faberi sclerenchyma is not prominently developed and is not constant. In A. Faberi the leaf margin is more or less conspicuously acuminate ; in A. Delavayi the leaf margin is not acuminate or very shortly and very bluntly so. In A. Delavavyi the large resin canals are more prominent, and the cells of the lower epidermis are more papillose on the midrib and towards the leaf margins than in A. Fabert. Abies Forrestii, Craib, sp. nov. Arbor 30—-60-pedalis ; ramuli vivi iuventute primo trans- verse corrugatuli, dein plus minusve papillosi, brunnei, glabri ‘vel magis minusve pilulosi, mox parum pallidiores, longitudin- aliter et saepe transverse fissi ; cicatrices circulares ; alabastra terminalia obovoidea, pallida, valde resinosa ; perulae ad annos 5 saltem persistentes, ramulorum bases cingentes. Folia spir- aliter inserta, pectinatim disposita, adscendentia, in plantis vivis paginam inferiorem bene exhibentia, saepissime parum longi- tudinaliter arcuatim retroflexa, inferiora superioribus longiora, 280 CRAIB—ABIES DELAVAYI IN CULTIVATION. ad 4 cm. longa et 2.5 mm. lata, supra nitido-viridia, subtus fasciebus duobus stomatiferis utroque e lineis circa 12 constituto albis praedita, apice rotundata, emarginata, nervo mediano supra impresso subtus valde prominente. Amenta mascula apicem versus ramulorum aggregata, sessilia, 12-15 mm. longa, folia subaequantia Cult. Hort. Bot. Reg. Edin., G. Forrest, 6744 ! Yunnan. Eastern flank of the Lichiang Range. Lat. 27° 25’ N. 10,000-11,000 ft. Tree of 30-60 ft., forming forests. G. Forrest, 6744 (Herb. Edin. !). This species, whose introduction to cultivation we owe to Mr. G. Forrest, is one of the prettiest foliaged plants of the genus. The very white undersurface of the leaves is conspicuous at some distance from the plant owing to the course of the leaves, those inserted on the lower side of the branchlet being directed forwards and upwards at the base and curving slightly backwards from about the middle, those on the upper side are twisted at the apex of the petiole to the sides, and also curve slightly backwards. The V-shaped groove is conspicuous but narrow. The terminal buds, as also the lateral, are short, rounded at the apex, pale pinkish-white, and heavily resin-coated. Branchlets in the first year are brown, glabrous, or with scattered erect short stiff hairs ; in the second year they are dark-brown. Transverse sections of the leaf show a well-developed con- tinuous hypodermis on the upper surface and on the lower side at the prominent midrib a 2- or in part 3-seriate hypodermis, 2 lateral, sub-epidermal, medium-sized resin canals, a definite” endodermis enclosing a divided fibro-vascular bundle, a group of sclerotic cells on the lower side of the bundle, and usually 1-3 such cells above. The leaf-margins are slightly recurved. Conclusions I. ae! aie s Franchet, is not in culti- | FE. The sank introduced as A. Delavayi from Szechuan should be known as A. Faber (Masters), Craib. Ill. The Yunnan plant introduced by Mr. G. orrest has been described as a new species—A. Forrestii, Craib. LIST OF PLATES, es Illustrating Mr. Craib’s Paper on Abies Delavayi. Prate CLXII. Photograph of A. Forrestii growing in the Royal Botanic Cane Edinbur CEXEE at as of ervarinm meeeinen ere A. Delavayi, Franchet. CLXIV. Photogra , Craib 4 aha é 5 Realy eae