TRANSACTIONS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY. æ ES ix VOLUME Ix. © om À—— LÀ a me, ee me Se Sy ee THE oa TRANSACTIONS | LINNEAN SOCIETY VOLUME IX. LONDON: PRINTED BY — a MDCCCVIN.. * WMISSOURT BOTANICAL GARDEN. CONTENTS. I. Taz Genus Apion of Herbst's Natursystem considered, its Characters laid down, and many of the Species described. By the Rev. William Kirby, ELS, = a: I. Description of. several Marine Animals. T on- the South Coast of Devonshire. By George Montagu, Esq. F.L.S. 4 : : j en III. An Account of the Indian Badger ; the Ursus indicus of Shaw's Zoology. By Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Hardwicke, F.L.S. . - a i. 2. Pi IX. wd Botanical Sketch of the Genus Conchium. By James Edward Smith, M.D. F.R.S. P.L.S.- E p. V. a ant ry into the Genus of the Tree c called by Pona Abelicea cretita, By James Edward Smith, M.D. F.R.S. P.L.S. . 81 115 117 Pi CONTENTS. VI. An Inquiry into the real Daucus Gingidium of Linneus. By James Edward Smith, M.D. F.R.S. PLS 8,181 VII. Descriptions of Bight New British Lichens. By Daw- son Turner, Esq. F.R.S. A.S. and L.S. = p 1935 VIII. An Illustration of the Species of Lycium which grow wild at the Cape of Good Hope. By Sir Charles Peter. Thunberg, Knight of the Order of Wasa, UC iii of Botany at Upsal, F.M. L.S. - - = ep, 151 IX. Some Observations on an 5 Thode that ‘deste the Wheat, supposed to be the Wireworm.. By Thomas Walford, Esq. F.A.S. and L.S. With an additional. Note, by Thomas Marsham, Esq. Treas. L.S. - - p. 156 X. An Account of the larger and lesser ‘Species of. Horse shoe Bats, proving them to be distinct ; together with a Description of Vespertilio Barbastellus, taken in the South — — of Devonshire. By ur Montagu, Esq. F.L. 3 p. 162 XI. Description of two new Species of Didelphis Toms Van Diemen’s Land. By G. P. Harris, Esq. Communicated by the Right Honourable. Sir J loseph M Bart. K.B. . Pre.RSS. H.M.LS. _- - N^ D d XII. Description of a Species of Dimorpha. By Edward Rudge, Esg. F.R.S. and L.S. — 3-9 8.1179 Š "me | ; XIII. | Some CONTENTS. XIII.. Some interesting Additions to the Natural History of Falco cyaneus and pygargus, together with Remarks on some other British Birds. By George Montagu, Esq. F.L.S. - - RT Mr : p- — XIV. An Account of some new Species of Piper, with a few cursory Observations on the Genus. By Mr. John Vaughan Thompson. Communicated by the Right Hon. Lord Seaforth, F.R.S. and L.S. - » p- XV. An Inquiry into Y^ Structure of Seeds, and especially into the true Nature of that Part called by Gertner the Vitellus. By James Edward Smith, M.D. F.R.S. Pd - - E - - p- XVI. Observations on Nauclea Gambir, the Plant producing the Drug called Gutta Gambeer, with Characters of two other Species. By William Hunter, Esq. Secretary to the Asiatic Society. Communicated by the President. p. XVII. Observations respecting several British Species of Hieracium. By James Edward Smith, M.D. F.R.S. P L. S. - Lar an TS "* m T 3 P xvin. Speci ific Characters of the Decandrous Papilionaceous s. New Holland. By James Edward Smith, | XIX. On the Variega tioma: Plants. In a Letter to Richard » ap e 182 200 204 218 2.925. Anthony CONTENTS. Anthony Salisbury, Esq. F.R.S. and L.S. by Thomas 5 Andrew Knight, Esq. F.R.S- and L.S. -. p. 268 XX. Characters of Hookeria, a new Genus of Mosses, with. Descriptions of Ten Species, By James Edward Smith, M.D. F.R.S. P.L.S. - - "Eh oh ps ED XXI. Description of Notoclea, a new Genus of Coleopterous Insects from New Holland. By Thomas Marsham, Esq. Tr. L.S, EIER s Se, p.. 283 XXII. Some Remarks on the Plants now referred to Sophora, — = with Characters of the Genus Edwardsia. By R. A. Sa- © lisbury, Esq. ERS. and LS. - p. 296 XXIII. Characters of Platylobium, Bossiea, and of a new Genus named Poiretia, By James Edward Smith, M.D. SEE ERS. P Saee ES Oe QN rS p. 301 XXIV. Musci Nepalenses; or Descriptions of several new Mosses from Nepal. By William Jackson Hooker, Esg. F.L.S. wen - - iD. 2808 XXV. Extracts from the M inute-Book of the Linnean So- : ciety of London - "CO e car C». 309 Catalogue of the Library of the Linnean Society, continued. we : from Page 362 of Vol. VIII. of the Society's Trafis- actions em xt EE R F ut s p. 326 List of Donors to the Library of the Linneün Society UM p. 329 Tes | TRANS. ‘TRANSACTIONS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY. I. The Genus Apion of Herbst’s Natursystem considered, | ifs Cha- racters laid down, and many of the bdo described. By sic pen William Barby: ELS 2s an . Read zum 4, 1805. "Pid are certain: tübee af: SOHO: spécies. of which: are so slightly marked by any apparent difference of size, shape, or colour, that, for want of sufficient examination, many are set aside as mere varieties, which, when they are minutely inspected, exhibit characters very strong and discriminative. Amongst these there are none. more liable to be confounded, or that occa- sion more trouble to. the entomologist, who wishes to be accu- rately acquainted with them, than those minute Weevils, which, - in Herbst’s Natursystem, under the name of Apion, are consi- dered as a separate genus from Curculio*: they constitute Mr. _ Marsham’ second section of his first division of his first family of, that gen sch, and. are arranged by Fabricius, and a “him n Tom. vii. P- 100. ib ù 02, 103. and Q, fig. 6. 7. 8. : 4 I. T Viz. Ala. * *. Longi Ostres svato acuto, rostro filiformi, thorace ter 277 VOL. IX. 3 m T ig 2 . Mr. Kırzy on Herbst’s Genus Apion. by Latreille*, Paykull, Panzer, &c. under Serien from which, however, they essentially differ. | Every collector must have observed the insects of which I am speaking, for they abound every where upou plants; but, from the extreme similarity of the species to each other, in all the particulars mentioned above, most would be disposed to con- found them together. There are, however, a great many distinct species of them; of which, although a considerable number have already been described, many still remain that have hitherto escaped notice. | | Having, for some time, been accustomed to examine these mi- nute insects with close attention, I found myself possessed of several nondescript British species; and, in addition to these, my collection has been enriched by the liberality of an ingenious and learned correspondent, major Gyllenhal, (to whom Paykull was under very great obligations) with several specimens from Sweden, which have enabled me to ascertain many of those de- scribed by Fabricius, Paykull, and others, concerning. which I was before in doubt... Add to this the happy opportunity, in- dulged. to me by the kindness of our President, of inspecting the Linnean Cabinet. All these circumstances induce me to * I cannot mention the name of this learned entomologist and not notice the re- markable coincidence which, without any previous communication between us upon the subject, is observable between his excellent Division des Abeilles (Hist. Nat. des Fourmis, p. 401—838.) and my Monograph upon the same genus, That both of us, with little variation, should fix upon the same generál divisions and subdivisions, is a strong proof that our only aim has been to trace the labyrinth of nature; and that, as far as our researches have been carried, we have succeeded in our attempt: or,-tó use the words of this gentleman upon the occasion, ** Une telle ressemblance,düns le fruit des nos recherches prouve évidemment que la Nature, qui est une, a été patr : guide. 7 (Hist. Nat. gen. et partic. des Crustacés et des Insectes, tom, iii. P^ -971. note 1. where see our respective methods compared.) ae hope Mr. KirBy on Herbst’s Genus Apion. 5 hope that I may render some small service to entomology, if I offer to the Linnean Society a few observations upon this dif- cult genus. or family, accompanied by more elaborate descrip- tions than have yet been given of such of the species as I am acquainted with; for it has been the fate of the smaller and less conspicuous insects, to. be described, generally speaking, with less care and minuteness than the larger, or those that are di- stinguished by more prominent. features ; whereas, in fact, the former, that they may not be confounded with their aflinities, stand most in need of having all their peculiaritics noticed: on this account, and to prevent future mistakes, T- have described anew all the species that have come under my eye. ==) too In general, these insects are distinguished by a slender subcy- lindrical rostrum; which, when unemployed, is not pressed close to tlie breast between the fore-legs, as is the case with many ge- nuine curculios*, but stretches out from the head, or is porrect (if I may employ such ‘a term) and arching downwards: their antennz are not broken, as in the cognate’ genus just mentioned, but entire; and terminate in a lanceolate knob, consisting of three closely joined and scarcely visible articulations; the thorax inclines to the figure of a truncate cone, but now and then it is rather spherical, and often nearly cylindrical; and the abdomen is more or less ovate; so that the whole insect, in shape, bears considerable resemblance to a pear, the rostrum being regarded as the stalk. is More particularly, the species afford to the describer the fol- lowing circumstances for distinctive characters:— .— The Rostrum is either shorter than the head and thorax taken together, of the same length, or longer; and with respect to this circumstance I term it—Rostrwm brevius, mediocre, longius : its ! * e, g. Rhynehgenus Fal. Syst. Eleuth. ii. - d * E Bu thickness 4 Mr. Krrny on Herbst's Genus Apion. thickness or tenuity will furnish other notes of difference, and whether either of these is partial or general. | The Antenne, also, compared with the rostrum, are breviores, mediocres, longiores; and their insertion is either behind the apex, at the middle, behind the middle, or at the base: of the rostrum ; on which account ay may be denominated: antice, T postice. | The Head. The space: ‚beiten the eyes affords some very good, though: very minute, characters, hitherto unnoticed, ex- cept: by Herbst, and by him only with respect to a single spe- cies*: it is either punetulate, rugulose, canaliculate, or striate ; and, besides this, it is now: and me" hollowed out into‘: a mare cavity". | nose "Ehe Eyes are sometimes: edes at btiers: moved "Ehe: Trunk: often: forms nearly a perfect cylinder, but more commonly a truncate cone; now and then it approaches to: a spherical figure ; it is usually rough; with very minute impressed. points;: and, besides, it is; often: distinguished. by a.dorsal- chan- nel or furrow running nearly its! whole length; or aw abbreviate: ane; or a larger excavate: point just above the scutellum: "Phe Abdomen,. covered. by: the:elytra,:is either globose,. obeu- neiferm, ovate, obovate; oval, oroblong. | The Elytra are. either furrowed: or striate ;: and the fareowey: or‘ strig; are punctate: or impunctate, with interstices: either plane: or convex. - Add: to: all these: circumstances: pubescence and? the varia- tions of colour; and- there: will appear: no want of characters to: caries httle insects from vem other. LE *. Viz-: pes le tom. vii. x 132. n. 95. ubi 103. fig. + N. B. To see these minute SSR it is often MA. to use ‚two of the glasses of a PO microscope..: . z ‚Mr. Kirby on Herbst's Genus Apion. 5 Having mentioned the peculiarities which most strikingly cha- racterize the speciés, I shall next inquire with what propriety they may be regarded as belonging to a distinct genus. Linné considered all insects furnished with antenne seated upon a rostrum (a few of his Attelabi excepted) as belonging to one génus; but whoever studies thé species attentively, which will arrange under his Curculio, will bé convinced that this cir- cumstance is characteristic of a section of the order of Coleoptera, ined en of a natural genus. ‘Yo name no other part, the an- ssedly of the greatest” importance in’ determining E Vets of insects, vary surprisingly in this numerous tribe: thus in Calandra, Rhynchenus, Litus, Cossonus, and’ Curculio, of Fabricius's: Systema Eleutheratorum, and in the insects we are now considering, they are subcapitate or terminate in'a knob: dn Brentus, of the samé work, they are moiiiliform: in Anthrübus and the genuine Attelabi, they are subtlaväte, with a distinctly jointed clava: in’ Rhinomacer they are either setaceows or filiform; and iti Brachycerus they grow oradually larger from the base to the apex. Great differences are likewise observable in those that have capitate antenne ; in some the terminating knob is jointed, for the most part transversely, with an’ acute suiminit; in others it is solid ;. of this description I remeinber rioticitig a very singu- lar one in tlie cabinet df the ingenious Mr. Donovan, ih which’ tliis part, compared with the size of the insect; was iníitiensely large, transverse, and'oblong*. Another and strikitg difference täkes place in’ anterin of this‘ description: in’ those’ which T consider as geritfine —n the ‘first ea A a$ long as' to x2 LÍ 4 al ie C. Palmas "un; Linn. thé knób i is of a Vis dd digi; ‘it is'sólid; calceoliform,- neeted. with the stalk at/one end: the upper paft at first sight ap- closely examined it i = Samd cdi Of in Linné "s. words, er un ariam ume. ek TDS org ~ “ie P al 6:: Mr. Kırzy on Herbst’s Genus Apion. all the rest put together, with which it forms an angle, so as to make the antenna wear the appearance of being broken; while in the genus of which I am now treating the first joint is not so remarkably longer than the rest, and is always in the same line with them. ss ! Ss. If these circumstances be allowed their due weight, we shall feel disposed, I think, to give Fabricius credit for great discern- ` ment, when he considered the Linnean character of Curculio as indicating the division of an order rather than a genus: whether. he has with equal propriety placed the little insects in question, in his genus Attelabus. must be our next inquiry. -Sess -+ Attelabus of LLinné is an intermixture of genera scarcely, if, at all, related to each other, concerning which that great father of Natural History himself observes: Genus Attelabi etiamnum. inter obscura est nec aptius reperi*. Fabricius, with great judg- ment, has excluded At. surinamensis, melanurus, formicarius, si- pylus, apiarius, mollis, ceramboides and buprestoides, which cer- tainly have no connection with it, and in their place introduced. all the curculios which constitute Mr. Marsham's two first fami- lies}, and these are evidently more nearly allied to At. Coryli, Avellane, curculionoides, &c. than those just mentioned: still, however, At. Coryli and Avellane (which are certainly distinct species, though Fabricius has united them) differ essentially not only from Curculio Betule, Populi, Bacchus, &c. Linn., but also from At. curculionoides and Betüle ; so that there seems to be some ‚reason for Herbst's making a distinct genus, as he does, under the name of Rynchites, of many of the Fabrician Attelabi. In these insects, I mean At. Coryli and Avellane, the clava of 4 e antennæ is not so distinctly jointed, the head is elonga early obconical, and connected with the thorax by a narrow neck; the » Syst. Nat. Ed. 12. p. 619. Note. t ite Aa th x HI 2 eyes Mr. Kinny on Herbst’s Genus Apion. 7 eyes are very prominent; the trunk is obversely funnel-shaped ; and the tibie, at the apex, are armed with a single crooked spine: on the contrary, in At. Betule, Gliltulbndides, and the curculios of Mr. Marsham's first family, the antenne have a subperfoliate clava with very distinct joints; the head has no separate neck, nor is it elongate or obconical; the trunk, in most, is subglobose; and the apex of the tibize without spines: but iu At. curculionoides, which seems intermediate between At. Coryli and Betule Populi, &c. the trunk inclines rather to a | iut form; and Pie apex of the tibie is armed with two spines. "But these insects are all more nearly related to each other than they are to the tribe of which I am now speaking, although Fa- bricius and most others have confounded them together. Mr. Marsham and Herbst seem to be the only entomologists whose penetration has € the difference between them*. I shall cuu pu cL SERT | bete pua _ * The ingenious author of Entomologie Helvétique, whose work I bad not had an opportunity of consulting when this passage was written, has separated the species that belong to Mr. Marsham’s first and second families of Curculio from Attelabus, Fabr. and given them, after Geoffroy, as a distinct genus (Rhinomacer) which he has divided into three families. The first contains the greater proportion of the species of Apion; the second, those that have a rostrum attenuate at the apex, like Ap. Cracce ; and the third, the species that constitute Mr. Marsham's first family; e. g. Curc. Populi, Bac- chus, &c. M. Latreille also, in the work before quoted, (t which I had then only seen those sheets which relate to my Monograph upon Apis, Linn.) divides Attelabus, Fabr. i into two fathilies, each of which he further subdivides into two sections. Thas, s a ** Genre. ATTELABE. Antennes de onze articles, dont les derniers forment une. massue perfo . Pénultiéme article des tarses bilobé. E £v Jambes ; antérieures terminées par une ou deux fortes pines. Trompe très erre épaisse, rétrécie 2 ilieu. c + Tête alongée, rét presque conique, recevant le do ryli, Linn. et dégagée postérieurement. - Corselet tübulé én TER mu «c e i est en forme de genou, m Attelatus Co- d s z « ^ Téte 8 Mr. Kirpy on Herbst's Genus Apion. therefore compare them with the Fahrician character of Attela- bus, and point out in what particulars they vary from 1t *. | With respect to the Instrumenta. cibaria, it is doubtful whether Fabricius, or any other entomologist, ever saw distinctly those of the insects of which I am speaking; the rostrum, in which. they are hidden, is so very slender and minute, that it is scarcely possible to extricate them from it, at least my endeayours to da this, which haye been employed upon some of the largest species I know, have not as yet been successful: the maxille (Mandibule, Fabr) when it accidentally happens. that. one is exerted, may just be discerned under a strong magnifier ; they appear to be acute and ineurved, and I believe there may be four palpi; but their shape and number of joints I have not been able to ascer- tain, therefore I cannot say whether they are filiform or not, or the valvuke (Mazille, Fabr.) bifid. The remaining particulars (viz. * Rostrum elongatum incurvum, Antenne extrorsum crassiores," if we consult his Essential Character in the scale of genera, or & Antenne moniliformes rostro insidentes,” which is part of his Ar- Ti tificial Character at the head of the genus) we can more readily 273 compare with the characters which our inseets exhibit, The « +4 Tête sans rétrécissement postérieur, s’enfongant plus ou moins dans le corselet, qui est presque carré ou trapézoide. Ex. Att. curculionoides, Linn. « ** Jambes antérieures sans épine remarquable à leur extrémité. c< + Trompe élargie au bout. — Antennes insérées plus en dessus qu'en dessous, Ab- domen carré, Ex. Curc. Bacchus, Linn, : ++ Trompe plus étroite au bout, on n'étant pas plus large qu'ailleurs, Antennes insérées plus en dessous. qu'en dessus. Abdomen presque globuleux; Ex. Attel. Craccee, flavipes, frumentarius, F.” - Ue re dg age . Hist. Nat. gen. et part. des Crustacés et des Insectes, tom. iii. p. 196; A 9 "m * Cuar. Essent. Rostrum elongatum, incurvum. Maxilla bifida, .. Anten ns p ex- trorsum crassiores. Syst. Eleuth.i.xi. — > EL Cuar. Amr. Palpi filiformes. Maxilla, bifida. rostro insidentes. enn moniliformes, terms Mr. Kirey on Herbst’s Genus Apion. 9 terms by which he has defined the rostrum apply better to them than they do to the true Attelabi, Att. Coryli, &e. (whose rostrum cannot, with propriety, be called either elongatum or in- curvum); but antenne extrorsum crassiores will by no means agree with the antennz of Apion, which terminate in a little head or knob, although it may suit Attelabus tolerably well, in which the knob is not so distinct ; yet Linné's term for the antenne of Curculio: (subclavate) would better define them. The term moni- liformes, if applied only to the stalk of the antenne, appears to be tolerably accurate; yet even in this part the joints, if very closely examined, will be found somewhat conical, or subtur- binate, rather than spherical. Besides these differences, the rostrum of our insects is not dilated, as in the other Attelabi, at the apex; the trunk is not spherical; and the élytra, taken to- gether, are rarel y, if ever, quadrangular. The Attelabi likewise, for the most part, inhabit trees and the taller shrubs ; whereas herbs and under-shrubs, and more particularly the class Diadel- phia, are the most usual food of the species of Apion. Whether it be advisable to separate this genus from Curculio will admit of another question ; but, since this is the connecting link between that genus and Attelabus, it seems to me: that it ought to be considered as distinct from both: the most essential character of the genuine Curculio is its broken antennz, whose ten last joints form an angle with the first or elongate one; where- as these little insects, though they borrow the terminating knob from the latter genus, have unbroken antennæ like the former. There are.a few curculios* (to show how the genera shade into each other) which are intermediate between that genus and Apion, whose antenne, though the first joint is elongate, can * C. atramentarius, Marsh, Ent, Brit. i. 993. 16. e Cerasi, ibid. 265. 83. and C. Pruni, ilid. 247. 24, cud lc ot 2 onen aa nn "mik c - neither 10 . Mr. Kırzr on Herbst's Genus Apion. neither be called entire nor broken, but between both, subfracta. This confirms an observation which I made in a former work, * that the connecting links between two proximate genera usually borrow their characters from both *." Herbst has called this genus Apion, because, in shape, it some- what resembles a pear; l retain this name from my dislike of change, although a Greek termination in a Latinized word is © . rather awkward. Apium, indeed, was before engaged. in botany, but perhaps its diminutive, Apiolum, might have done. I once had called this littla Er Eurhynchus, isi zu bene, and porxos rostrum. _ Herbst gives no generic character of Apion, but heals most of its peculiaritiesd. | I shall therefore endeavour to supply this deficiency, by constructing its Essential, Artificial, and Natural Characters. APION, Character Essentialis. Antenne integre, subcapitate: capitulo ovato-lanceolato acuto subsolido, rostro elongato insidentes. Character Artificialis. Antenne integre, subcapitate: capitulo subsolido. Rostrum sæpiùs porrectum, elongatum, Stc jen HORIS | Truncus teretiusculus. — | | Tibie apice inermes. der degit. Corpus pyriforme t; eeu: bu Sy = NT ox : Character Naturalis. CORPUS pyriforme, sepiüs glabrum, interdum at ceste, crusta cataphractum. PON. Monogr, Ap. Angl. tom. i, p. 48. + Natursyst. Bc. tom, yii, p. 100. — 3 CAPUT Mr. Kirey on Herbst's Genus Apion. 11 < CaPUT thoraci insertum, parvum. - ` Os in rostrum productam plerumque attenuatum, | arcuatum, subcylindricum, porrectum. Maaille sub rostri apice inserte, retracte, brevissimze, simplices, incurve, acute. Lingua, una cum valvulis palpisque quatuor, intra rostrum latitans haud conspicua. Antenne rostro insidentes capitate; nitidiuscule, pilosulz, Al-articulate : articulis duobus baseos Crassioribus; primo clavato elongatiori, secundo conico, proximis sex brevissimis zqualibus ex conico rotundatis seu subturbinatis, ultimis tribus majoribus, arctissime connexis capitulum ovato- lanceolatum acutum formantibus. Oculi laterales, rotundi, convexi, reticulati. Nucha glaberrima, retractilis. |— — Guda tumidula, glaberrima, retractilis. TruNCUs angustus, teretiusculus. $ Thorax, trunci dorsum, punctulatissimus. Pectus, trunci pars prona antica, suturá nullä a thorace distinctum. Sternum acutum integrum, inter pedum interme- diorum basin delitescens. ; Epigastrium*, trunci pars prona postica, dilatatum, .. 8 pectore incisurá profundá separatum, abdo- mini arctius incumbens, valdé convexum: puncto intermedio majori seu umbilico notatum ; ely- ... trorum dimidio anteriori superné tectum. L is anatomical term to denote a part which has generally "bán “but which is separated from it by a deep incisure, and frequently, in other genera, requires distinct notice. 3 = Bu. — p Pedes 12 Mr. Kırev on Herbst’s Genus Apion. Pedes elongati, cursorii, anteriores intermediis, in- termedii posterioribus sub-breviores : apophysi seu cox biarticulatz; articulo primo conico majori, secundo obconico minori, insidentes ; an- teriores duo seu manus pectori inserti antrorsum tendunt, posteriores autem quatuor ex epigastrio provenientes anum versüs. Femora clavata. Ä Tibie subcompress&, tenues, a basi sensim crassi- gi | ores, apice inermes tn. Tarsi omnes 4-articulati, subtus pulvinati: articu- - lis duobus primis conicis, penultimo majori ob- cordato bifido, ultimo minuto ascendente gla- bro unguiculato: unguiculis duobus incurvis. Scutellum minutissimum, subtriangulare. | Elytra rigida, acuta, convexa, sulcata vel striata: striis exterioribus et interioribus szpiüs postice confluentibus. | Ale membranacex, corpore longiores, transversé plicatz: plicis tribus; anticé binervia: nervulis longitudinalibus, basi et apice approximatis4- ABDOMEN ovatum: segmentis 5 seu 6; duobus anticis ma- joribus, intermediis angustissimis, ultimo longiori acuto. * De Geer (tom. v. p. 201), speaking of ! Curculio Linn., makes the following ob- servation: * Les jambes de toutes les trois paires ont cela de particulier, que, dans toutes les especes, elles ont en dessous de leur extremité un ongle ou un crochet. pointu, tres dur et courbé en dessous— Ce crochet des jambes pourroit. fort bien entrer dans le carac- tere generique de ces insectes.” "This observation must have been made after a partial examination, since we have seen above that some Attelabi have two spines, and all the species of Apion have none. — — reden INT o t Obs. ** In quibusdam nervuli insuper duo (sed haud facile conspiciuntur) a medio ale usque ad ejus apicem divergunt.” CU a Ss "E " Oii. Mr. Kırzy on Herbst’s Genus Apion. 18 Obs.—Mas viv a feminá differt, nisi rostro breviori et paulö cras- siori. LARVA apoda, anticé subtus loco pedum tuberculis tribus utrinque instructa, mollis, annulata, plicata *, PUPA folliculata, ovata, leevis. VICTUS Larve plantarum semina sæpiùs diadelphicarum, Ima- ginis autem folia. ; TEMPUS inter :quinoctem vernalem et autumnalem. Linné, in his Fundamenta Entomologie, defines the Truncus to be that part. qui pectus seu thoracem comprehendit, inter caput et abdomen cui pedes inserti; yet in all coleopterous insects, and many of the other orders, the part which I have here called Epigastrium, to which the four posterior legs are affixed, seems rather to belong to the abdomen than the trunk; with the former it is closely connected, but from the latter it is separated by a deep incisure, so that what should in strictness bc called the legs (for the anterior pair having a different direction, being ap- plied often to different uses, and inserted in a different part, I would rather denominate hands or arms), the Elytra and. Epi- gastrium, are parts of the abdomen: yet in hymenopterous in- sects the: incisure is between the abdomen, properly so called, and the trunk: in these the anterior legs are affixed to the un- der-side of the neck, and their direction is likewise towards the head. | | | With respect to Families, I have as yet been able to find no clue for a natural subdivision of this genus, except the fol- * Fabricius says of Attelabus, Larva 6 "poda, this remark probably belongs to the true Attelabi, and so furnishes another proof that Apion is essentially different. Mr. Markwick (Linn. Trans, Vi. p. 143. tal. 5. fig. a—A.) observed three tubercles only on each side, near "e head, in the larva of one Apion, which supplied the place of legs. De Geer could discover none upon the larva of 4p, Cracce, (Tom. v. p. 254. tab. vi. fig. 35, 36.) € : ipm, lowing, 14 Mr. Kirey on Herbst's Genus Apion. lowing, which separates one or two species only from the great majority. * Rostro subinflexo, Antennis rostro we subtus insertis. ** Rostro porrecto. - Antennis rostri latere insertis. APION. Synopsis SPECIERUM. x 1. A. Ulicis. Nigrum cinereo-villosulum, rostro open de- flexo atro, pedibus anterioribus ferrugineis. ^ > 2. A. melanopum. Nigricans villosulum, elytris Pak ‘stig 'obliquá baseos cinereà, pedibus rufis: plantis atris. LE 3. A. Malve. Nigrum cinereo-villosulum, elytris antennis pe- ‚dibusque testaceis. 4, A. vernale. Fusco-nigricans cinereo-villosulum, elytris fasciis duabus fuscis, pedibus rufis. | 5. A. Ervi. Atrum, antennis testaceis: apice nigris, VETUS subglobosis. | 6. A. Lathyri. Atrum, antennis totis testaceis: clavá distinct? articulata, coleoptris subglobosis. 7. A. Ononis. Atrum piloso-subincanum, antennis totis nigris, fronte striatulà, thorace canaliculato, coleoptris puo bosis. l 8. A. vicinum. Atrum subpilosum, antennis totis nigris, fronte punctata, thorace postice linea exarato, coleoptris sub- globosis. | | p 9. A. vorax. Atrum villoso-Chpesben», aem bast Kestnceii, tibiis anticis Jemineis subflexuosis, coleoptris‘ a aaa ceruleis. 10. A. ceru- Mr. Kirsy on Herbst’s Genus Apion. 15 10. A. carulescens. Atrum villoso-subincanum, rostro crassius- culo: apice subulato, coleoptris obovatis atro-ceeruleis. 11. A. subulatum. Atrum subpilosum, rostro apice attenuato, coleoptris subglobosis. 12. A. Cracce. Atrum villoso-subincanum, rostro crassiusculo : apice attenuato, antennis basi testaceis, coleoptris subglo- bosis. 13. A. ruficorne. Atrum villoso-incanum, rostro crassiusculo : apice subulatgj antennis. totis feel, coleoptris subglo- 14. A. Vici@e. Atrum villoso-canescens, sube niveo-pubescens, antennis pedibusque testaceis, coleoptris globoso-ovatis. 15. A. obscurum. Nigrum albido-villosulum, pedibus "quatuor anterioribus rufis, coleoptris globoso-oblongis obscure nigro- zeneis. M: A. Malearum.. Atrum cinereo-subvillosum, subtus piloso-al- — bicans, pedibus testaceis : plant» nigris, ao ovatis. nigro-zneis. | Xn 4 rufirostre. Atrum, subtus sos bn CER rostro díniiliato. antennis pedibusque rufis, coleoptris ovatis nigro-zneis. 18. A. nigritarse. Atrum glabrum, rostro dimidiato pedibusque testaceis, antennis clavá tarsisque nigris, coleoptris oblongo- " ovatis. 19. A. flavipes. Atrum glabrum, pedibus flavis: plantis nigris, antennis basi rufis, coleoptris ovatis. 20. A. pallipes. Nigrum, pedibus testaceis : plantis. nigris, fronte canaliculata, coleoptris oblongo-ovatis. 21. A. Fagi. Atrum glabrum, antennis basi femoribusque palli- dis, coleoptris oblongis nigricantibus. 29s, A. assimile. Atrum ohe. femoribus omnibus de aaa -Bnüris testaceis, Wgpuis subellipticis.. z: ; = TR . | 2s. A. fla- 16 Mr. Kirsy on Herbst's Genus Apion. 23. A. flavifemoratum. Atrum glabrum, femoribus omnibus tibi- isque anticis testaceis, coleoptris globoso-ovatis gibbis. 24, A. filirostre. Atrum glabrum, coco subglobosis, rostra pedibusque elongatis. | 25. A. Sorbi.. Atram glabrum, coleoptris globosis virescenti-cz- ruleis, rostro femineo longissimo. ~ 20. A. subsulcatum. Atrum glabrum, coleoptris subglobosis cæ- ruleis, rostro mediocri, capite inter oculos ruguloso. 27. A. foveolatum, Atrum glabrum, coleoptris subglobosis czru- leis, rostro mediocri, fronte 1 impress striata, thorace canali- culato. | ICH ESI AM | 28. A. punctifrons. Atrum slabs coleoptris sab flobésiv cæ- ruleis, rostro mediocri, capite latiusculo inter oculos punc- tulato. | | 29. A. sulcifrons. Atrum glabrum, coleoptris subglobosis caru- leis, rostro mediocri: basi crassiori, capite inter oculos trisulco. 30. A. striatum. Atrum piloso-subincanum, coleoptris. glebosis sulcatis, thorace canaliculato. 31. A. immune. Atrum piloso-subincanum, coleoptris globoso- cuneiformibus sulcatis. 32. A. virens. Atrum, coleoptris oblongo-ovatis czruleis virides- centibusve striatis: striá suturali profundiori, thorace lævi- usculo. : : 33. A. marchicum. Atrum, coleoptris oblongo-ovatis atro-czeru- leis striatis: striá suturali profundioriy rostro breviori crassi- usrulo, | ` 34. A. ebeninum. Aterrimum nitidum, Eoleopteln ovatis sulcatis, thorace lateribus subgibbosis postice latiüs canalieulato. 35. A. Astragali. JÉneum nitidum, aoe eee ogee | cyaneis, thorace canaliculato. | 36. A. Spar- Mr. Kirzy on Herbst’s Genus Apion. 17 36. A. Spartü. Atrum glabrum, coleoptris obovatis atro-ceru- leis, fronte punctatä, rostro mediocri. : 37. A. Spencii. Atrum piloso-obscurum, thorace canaliculato, coleoptris oblongis atro-ceruleis, fronte striatá, rostro piloso. 38. A. Loti. Nigrum piloso-subincanum, coleoptris obovatis, rostro longiori. X uh 39. A. unicolor. Atrum subpilosum, coleoptris oblongo-ovatis, rostro mediocri medio subincrassato. | 40. A. atomarium. Atrum piloso-incanum, coleoptris ovatis, ros- — tro longiori, thorace brevi. Tem | Al. A. aterrimum. Atrum glabrum, coleoptris subovatis nitidius- culis atro-czruleis, rostro mediocri. — 42. A. tenue. Aterrimum angustum sub-glabrum nitidiusculum, coleoptris oblongis, rostro mediocri. 43. A. Seniculus. Atrum angustum piloso-canescens, coleoptris ovato-oblongis, rostro longiori. ; åå. A. confluens. Atrum angustum piloso-subincanum, coleoptris oblongo-ovatis, fronte bisulco, antennis posticis, rostro me- diocri. 45. A. Gyllenhalii. Atrum subangustum piloso-obscurum, co- leoptris oblongiusculis, antennis piceis, rostro longiori. 46. A. Meliloti. Atrum subangustum, coleoptris obovatis viri- descenti-cieruleis, antennis mediis, rostro longiori. AT. A. violaceum. Atrum glabrum, coleoptris oblongo-obovatis _violaceis, rostro brevi crassiusculo. - diese and 48. A. Hydrolapathi. Atrum glabrum, goleoptris oblongo-obova- tis czeruleis viridescentibusve, rostro brevi crassiusculo. 49. A. Rumicis. Atrum sub-glabrum nitidiusculum, coleoptris obovatis obtusis violaceis nigrisve, rostro mediocri. 50. A. affine. Atrum'glabrum nitidiusculum, coleoptris obovatis obtusis viridescentibus, rostro breviori crassiusculo. .— VOL. IX. Do-— 2 51. A. bre- + 18 Mr. Kırzy on Herbst’s Genus Apion. 51. A. brevirostre. Atrum obscurum subpilosum, coleoptris sub- ovatis, rostro breviori crassiusculo. 52. A. Hookeri. Atrum obscuriusculum, thorace globoso. 53. A. levigatum. Atrum leviusculum, — ovatis viola- ceis obsolete striatis. | 54. A. Onopordi. Atrum glabrum, coleoptris ovatis nitidà viridi- seneis cerulescentibusve, thorace scabro. 55. A. carduorum. Atrum, coleoptris ovatis obscuris viridescenti- bus czeruleisve, rostro basi utrinque gibbo. 56. A. Radiolus. Atrum glabrum, coleoptris ovatis acutis nigro- zeneis, antennis posticis, rostro mediocri. dm 57. A. orurum. Atrum, coleoptris ovatis acutis czeruleis virides- centibusve, antennis posticis, rostro mediocri. Ä 58. A. eneum. Atrum glabrum, coleoptris ovatis acutis eneis vi- ridescente-ceruleisve, fronte canaliculatá. 59. A. hematodes. Rufum, oculis nigris, rostro brevissimo. 60. A. frumentarium. Sanguineum, oculis — thorace subglo- - boso posticé canaliculato. — ip swiss 1. APION ULICIS. A. nigrum cinereo-villosulum, rostro longissimo deflexo atro, pe- dibus anterioribus ferrugineis. Tab. i. fig. 1. Curculio Ulicis. Forst. Gent. 31. Gmel. 1754 165.. Marsh. Ent. Brit. i. 256. 54. | "Long. Corp. (Rostro ezcluo) u lin. Habitat in Anglize Ulice per totum fer? annum frequentissimum. Mus. nostr. DESCR. Mr. Kırzy on Herbst's Genus Apion.’ 19 DESCR. CORPUS nigrum, pilis. decumbentibus cinereis. in- canum. | Caput. Rostrum corporis ferè longitudine, tenue, filifor- me, levissime arcuatum, atrum, nitidum. Antenne bre- viores, postice*, basi rufz. Occiput atrum glabrum. Oculi majusculi, prominentes. Truncus subglobosus, postice pauld latior. Thorax pos- ticé (pilositate scil. abras4) canaliculatus, antice sub- marginatus. Pedes anteriores ferruginei: femoribus - basi nigris, posteriores quatuor nigri: tibiis obscure rufis. Scutellum minutissimum. Coleoptra oblongiuscula, convexa, striata: striis punctatis. Var. &. pedibus quatuor anterioribus ferrugineis. — y. pedibus omnibus nigris. | Obs.—Mas rostro vix thorace longiori. common of the tribe. It is entirely confined to Ulex europaus, but not, as Forster affirms, to the flowers, nor does it ap- pear in the spring only, but may be met with all the summer, and sometimes even in the winter. 2. APION MELANOPUM. A. nigricans villosulum, elytris fuscis: strigà obliquä baseos ci- nerea, pedibus rufis: plantis atris. = Curculio melanopus. Marsh. Ent. Brit. i. 248. 27. Attelabus fusei rostris. Fabr. Ent. Syst. Em. i. b. 389. $4. Syst. Eleuth. ii. 424. Al + Curculio fuscirostris. Gmel. 1743. 102. .. * For my sense of these and similar terms see p. 3, 4. iso Des ee Apion 20 Mr. Kirsy on Herbst’s Genus Apion. Apion albovittatum. Herbst. Natursyst. vii. 126. 16. ¢. 103. f. 4.—D? Long. Corp. 14 lin. Habitat in Spartio inter rariora. Mus. nostr. DESCR. CORPUS nigricans, cinereo-villosulum, subtüs al- bidius. CarvT. Rostrum brevius, subdeflexum, sæpe Becta filiforme, tenue, læve, nitidissimum, levissimè arcua- tum, pone antennas crassius obscurius. Antenne pos- ' ticæ, feré mediocres, rufe: capitulo fuscescenti. Oculi magni, subprominuli. Truncus. Thorax posticé paulo latior et canaliculatus, nigricans: lateribus ex pilis decumbentibus albidiori- bus. Pedes rufi: femoribus basi tarsisque nigris. Scu- tellum minutissimum. Coleoptra oblonga, sub luce nigro- eenea, striata: striis punctatis, apud basin utrinque strigá obliquä margine que laterali piloso-albidis. Obs.—In quibusdam striga obliqua albida deteritur. E 3. APION MALVJE. A. nigrum cinereo-villosulum, elytris antennis pedibusque testa- ceis. Tab. i. fig. 2. Attelabus Malve. Fabr. Ent. Syst. Em. i. b. 391. 32. Syst. Eleuth. ii. 426. 56. Curculio Malve. Marsh. Ent. Brit. i. 246. 23. Gmel. 1743. 101. — Vill. Ent. Eur. i. 188. 49. iv. 268. 49. | | Long. Corp..1 lin. Pr Habitat in Angliee Malvis frequentissimum. Mus. nostr. — DESCR. CORPUS nigrum, pilis decumbentibus albidis in- canum. C OP. Mr. Krrsy on Herbst’s Genus Apion. — | 21 Caput. Rostrum brevius, crassiusculum, villosulum, apice glabrum. Antenne longiores, pone medium rostri in- sertz, testace:, crassiuscule: clavá majusculà. Oculi magni, subprominuli. Truncus. Thorax postic® pauld latior. Pedes testacei. Coleoptra oblonga, testacea, striata: striis vix punctatis. Elytrum utrumque intern® apud. basin obliqué nigri- cat. Fabricius, and after him Mr. Marsham, have regarded Curcu- lio Pineti of Paykull (Mon. Curc. 61. 58.) as synonymous with this insect, being led into this opinion by the error of the latter author; who, in that work, has confounded two insects essen- tially different. In his Fauna Suecica, however, (iii. 252. 72.) Paykull acknowledges his mistake. “ Minime Attel. Malve Fa- bricii (says he) quod olim putavi, quia omnino hujus. generis est." Herbst's Rynchites Malve is Paykull's insect, Which, in the work last mentioned, that author names Curculio Indigena ; it is found upon the Scotch fir (Pinus Sylvestris). Apion Malve is extremely |. common upon the mallow in this country, and is found upon no other plant. 4. APION VERNALE. A. fusco-nigricans cinereo-villosulum, elytris fasciis duabus fuscis, pedibus rufis. | Herbst. Natursyst. vii. 193. 12. t. 102. f. 12.—M. Attelabus vernalis. Fabr. Ent. Syst. Em. i. b. 392. 36. Syst. euth. ii. 427.60. Payk. Faun. Suec. iii. 183. 18. Curculio vernalis. Payk. Mon. Curc. 138. 129. : Curculio conci nus. Marsh. Ent. Brit. i. 248. 26. 3 Curculio urticarius. Herbst. Arch. 74. 30. Curculio Lythri. Panz. Faun. Germ. Init. 17. t. 8. =~ Long. * 22 . Mr. Kirsy on Herbst’s Genus Apion. Long. Corp. 1. lin. Habitat tempore vernali in Ballota, Lamio et Urticis haud rarum. Mus. nostr. DESCR. CORPUS: ana satis, fusco-nigricans, albido-pi- losum. CAPUT cinereo-pilosulum. Rostrum mediocre, filiforme; leviter arcuatum, glabrum, nitidum, pone antennas in- -crassatum. Antenne mediocres, postice, testacex. Oculi prominuli, pilis densis albidis undique cincti. Truncus. Thorax-piloso-cinerascens: lateribus albidiori- bus, postice pauld latior et canaliculatus. ` Pedes tes- tacei: tarsis articulo unguiculari nigro. Coleoptra ovato-oblonga, striata : striis subpunctatis, ex pilis de- cumbentibus cinerea: fasciis duabus obliquis, undula- tis, fuscis, glabris, prima ad pecinan secunda pone me- dium parvo intervallo. Mas minor, rostro breviori pilositate cinerea tecto. Obs.—Elytrorum pubes cinerea interdum tt et tune | fusca seu fusco-picea evadunt. — I received this very minute insect amongst the Swedish Cole- optera sent me by Major Gyllenhal, for Attelabus vernalis of Fa- bricius, and upon comparing it with that author's description no doubt can remain of its being the same. It is common in Eng- gland in the spring, feeding principally upon black ballote (Bal- lota nigra), sometimes it is found on white dead-nettle (Lamium album), and often upon the common stinging nettle (Urtica dioica), a circumstance which seems to indicate that the latter plaut possesses some further affinity with the former than the mere shape of the leaves *. 5. APION _* I mention this fact that it may not be lost, without wishing to build any hypothe- hg ; sis Mr. Krnsv on Herbst’s Genus Apion. 23 5. APION ERVI. A. atrum, antennis testaceis: apice nigris, coleoptris subglobosis. Attelabus Ervi. Mus. Dom. Gyllenhal. | | Long. Corp. 14 lin. Habitat in Anglid, Suecià. In vico dicto Brent-Illeigh prope Lavenham in Suffolcia, Jul. 14, 1804 (et iterum apud Barham, Jul. exeunt. 1805), in Lathyro pratensi legi. Mus. nostr. DESCR. -CORPUS atrum, pilis albicantibus, nisi sub lente vix conspicuis, respersum. Capur inter oculos striatulum. Rostrum longius, ante antennas nitidum, basi obscuriusculum. Antenne sub- longiores, pone medium rostri inserte, testacex: clavä nigra. Oculi subprominuli. Truncvus subcylindricus. Thorax postice lineolà im- pressá. Tibie tenues admodum. Scutellum minutissi- mum. Coleoptra ex obovato subglobosa, subsulcata: sulculis punctatis. | Ma Obs.—In altero sexu rostri apex pauló dilatatus. Thorax per totam feré longitudinem canaliculatus. I originally received this insect from Major Gyllenhal, under the name of Attelabus Ervi. I have since taken it both at Bar- ham and elsewhere upon Lathyrus pratensis. | The Swedish specimens are möre hairy than our English ones. pm z sis upon it. It is further remarkable, that Curculio Scrophularice and bipustulatus,. (Marsh. Ent. Brit. n. 117. 121.) both of which feed upon water betony (Scrophu- laria aquatica),'attack, in great numbers every year, Buddleia occidentalis in my garden. -It is observable that these plants, though of different classes and orders, are all te- trandrous, ee 6. APION 24 Mr. Kırzy on Herbst’s Genus Apion. 6. APION LATHYRI. A. atrum, antennis totis testaceis: clavá distincté articulatà, co- leoptris subglobosis. ! Long. Corp. 14 lin. Habitat in Anglia cum precedente. Mus. nostr. DESCR. CORPUS atrum, ex pilositate albidä haud densá levi- ter incanum, Iit Carvur inter oculos bistriatum. Rostrum brevius, pilosu- lum, apice nitidum. Antenne longiores, mediz, tote pallidé testacez: clavà tenui admodum; articulis sub- distinctis. Oculi subprominuli. Truncus dorso longitudinaliter canaliculatus. Scutellum minutissimum. Coleoptra ex obovato subglobosa, sub- sulcata: sulculis punctatis. —— Obs.—Maris rostrum vix pilosum. Antenne clavà majusculá : articulis arcté connexis. ‘Thorax postice puncto impresso, nec canaliculatus. | This species so nearly resembles the preceding; that it is Bot without considerable hesitation I give them as distinct: since, however, I possess the sexes of each, and the males differ in the shape of the rostrum, and the females both in the proportion of the clava of the antenna and the connection of its joints, these cir- cumstances will, I think, warrant my separating them. That they ^ feed upon the same plant, though a presumptive, is by no means a demonstrative, evidence of their identity, since it often hap- pens that the same plant furnishes food to several species in this genus. Major Gyllenhal, however, sent this amongst specimens of Ap. Ervi, considering it, I suppose, as merely a variety. 7. APION - semel.a, Dom. Sp CU Pas. IX. E Mr. Kırzy on Herbst’s Genus Apion. "25 7. APION ONONIS, A. atrum piloso-subincanum, antennis totis nigris, fronte stria- __tula, thorace canaliculato, coleoptris subglobosis. I | Long. Corp. 1: lin. Habitat in Angliz Onone. Julio mense 1806 frequens, Mus. D. Spence. Nostr. x J DESCR. CORPUS atrum, ex pilositate subincanum, obscurius- touc: CAPUT longum satis, inter oculos: striatulum. Rostrum sublongius, filiforme. Antenne mediz, sublongiores, tote nigre. Oculi subprominuli. Truncus fere cylindricus, angustus, dorso canaliculatus. - Scutellum minutissimum. Coleoptra ex oblongo globosa, _. sulcato-striata: striis punctatis; interstitiis planiusculis. Obs.— Maris rostrum brevius, pauld crassius, mags pilosum. This species resembles the two preceding in almost every re- spect, except the colour of its antenn&, which are entirely black. Since, however, it inhabits a different plant (It is never found upon Lathyrus pratensis, nor, vice versä, Ap. Ervi and Lathyri upon Ononis), I think I am justified in giving itas a distinct speso -F el S s ash ‚A. atrum subpilosum, antennis totis nigris, fronte punctatá, tho- , Tace postice lined exarato, coleoptris:subglobosis.- Tab; i. fid. - A pior | Loti. Mus,;Dom. Guetta 109 aro We a; Long, Corp, 1 lin... Habitat. In Sueciæ Loto (corniculato?) D. Gyllenhal.” In-Anglià Pence lectum. - Mus. D. Spence. Nostr ^ DESCR. CORPUS atrum, subpilosum, obscuriusclüfiz ^ CAPUT 26 Mr. Kignv on Herbst's Genus: Apion. Capurt breve admodum, inter oculos punctatum. Rostrum longius, filiforme, satis arcuatum, basi pauló incrassa- tum. Antenne postice. Oculi prominuli. Truncus brevis, ex globoso teretiusculus, postice lineolä dorsali brevissimá et nisi sub lente forti vix conspicuá . leviter exaratus. Scutellum minutissimum. © Coléoptra = ex oblongo globosa, sulcato-striata: striis punctatis ; interstitiis: planiusculis. | This insect much resembles 4p. rover, but seems sufficiently distinguished from it by having a shorter and wider head, puncta instead of strie between the eyes, instead of a longitudinal channel a very short faintly impressed line upon the thorax just above the scutellum, a rostrum more arched, and a less hairy body. It comes nearer to Apion Loti (n. 38), but it is a shorter insect, with a shorter rostrum, a wider head, elytra taken toge- ther of a different shape, and interstices of the strive flat. 9. APION- NOR Adios odii igoaz A. atrum. diltósc-catióscens, antennis has ceu, tibiis antici. femineis subflexuosis, coleoptris oblongis atro-czruleis. Herbst. Natursyst. vii. 129. 20. t. 103. f. 8—H. ? > Curvülio villosulus. Marsh. Ent. Brit. i. 250. 34. XU DT Curculio fuscicornis, Marsh. Ent. Brit. i. 244. 17. 4 Long. Corp. ¢ 12]lin. & 14 lin. Habitat in Suecià, In Angliæ Fraaino kr legi. Mus D: Mar- sham. Nostr. a O " DESCR. CORPUS atrum, totum pilis aid decumbentibus incanum. Caput Mr. Kırzy on Herbsi’s Genus Apion. 97 Tarur elongatiusculum, inter oculos bistriatum. Rostrum — longius, ante antennas nitidüm, basi obscuriusculum. — "Antenne mediocres, mediw, basi testaceæ. Oculi sub- immersi, magni. | Truncus. Thorax leviter punctulatus, postice lineolà ex- aratus. Scutellum minutum. Coleoptra oblonga, atro- cwrulea, subsulcata: sulculis punctatis. Obs.—Femine rostrum mediocre. Antenne pone apicem rostri in- sertæ capitulo tenui. Tibi? anteriores basi et medio subattenuate unde subfleruose evadunt. bins : What I have given as the two sexes of this insect (which is evi- dently Apion voraz of Herbst, and which has been sent to me as such from Sweden) stand in Mr. Marsham’s cabinet as his Curculie fuscicornis and villosulus ; and once, led by the shape of the an- terior tibie in that which I take to be the female, I regarded them as distinct myself; but upon reconsidering the subject, I find that they agree together so exactly in every circumstance, except such as are common sexual characters in this genus, that I have scarcely any doubt of their identity. [ 10. APION CERULESCENS. A. atrum villoso-subincanum, rostro crassiusculo: apice subulato, coleoptris obovatis atro-ceruleis. Tab. i. fig. 4. Curculio cerulescens. Marsh. Ent. Brit. i. 245.20. oe c: Attelabus Pomonæ. Fabr. Suppl. 164. 27—8. Syst. Eleuth. ii. d TL Valid Curculio glaber, Marsh. Ent. Brit. i. 245. 19. m Lone Corp. S12 lini 9 2iHn, 05575 0909 , Habitat in Anglie Oryacanthád. * In Kiliæ Pomona.” Fabr. Aus. Eida. Ears E2? . DESCR. 28 Mr. Kinny on Herbst's Genus Apion. DESCR. CORPUS atrum, totum pilis albidis subincanum. Carut punctulatum, inter oculos rugulosum. Rostrum brevius, crassum, pilosum, punctatum, apice subulatum deflexum, subtus medio dilatatum et quasi incisum, . antennis ex incisurz fossulä provenientibus*, Antenne mediocres, postice, | Oculi prominuli. | Truncus ex nigro paululüm cerulescens, postict latior, apice submarginatus margine parum reflexo, ante scu- tellum lineolä exaratus, punctatus pilo, quod sæpiùs fit . in hoc genere, ex singulis punctis prodeunte. Scutel- lum minutum. Coleoptra obovata, czrulescentia, sul- cato-striata : striis punctatis; interstitüs planis. Mas femine simillimus, sed rostri apex glaber, nitidus, magls et subitd attenuatus}. Frons inter oculos sulculis duobus. Antenne articulo primo basi obscure rufo. Var. &. Adultior glaber, elytris vix colore ceruleo infectis. Mr. Marsham’s Cure. cerulescens.is clearly synonymous: with Aitel..Pomone of the. Supplement of Fabricius... The latter au- thor quotes Herbst’s Apion ruficorne as a variety of his insect, but in this I think him mistaken; that insect, which I shall shortly describe, being quite distinct, and more nearly related to Apion Cracce. Curculio glaber was admitted into Mr. Mar- sham’s useful work upon my authority : I am now convinced that it is merely a variety of the male of Apion cerulescens (which I had not then seen) that has lost its Amd and colour through age. 11. APION SUBU LATUM. A. atrum subpilosum, rostro apice attenuato, coleoptris subglo- bosis, Tu. > id es M | ; Long. Corp. 13 lin. A i3 * ' Tal, i. fig. 4, a, + Mid. b. p : Habitat Mr. Kırzy on Herbst’s Genus Apion. 29 Habitat in Angliz Lathgsib pratensi, Mense Julio 1805 tria Sepi, -Mus. nostr. DESCR. CORPUS atrum, opacum, pilositate Dar, nisi eh lente vix conspicuä, respersum. Carur punctulatum, inter oculos stfiatulum. EEE mediocre, basi incrassatum obscurum, apice attenua- tum nitidum, subtus vix dilatatum*. Antenne medio- cres, pone medium rostro insidentes: articulo primo basi obscure rufo; clavà majusculà. Oculi subpromi- < Truncus lined dorsali anticd abbreviatä exaratus. Scu- tellum minutissimum. Coleoptra ex obovato subglobosa, striata: striis punctatis; interstitiis planis. Var. 8. Rostro acumine breviori, basi crassiori. An Sex. alt.? ‘ This species a good deal resembles variety 8 of that last de- scribed ; but it is smaller, the rostrum is not dilated underneath, its acumen is longer, and the elytra are shorter in Mtn 12. APION CRACCH. A. atrum villoso-subincanum, rostro crassiusculo: apice attenu- ato, ahtennis basi testaceis, coleoptris subglobosis. Ä Herbst. Natursyst. vii. 102. 2. t. 102. fig. 2—B. ae Curculio Cracce. Linn. Syst. Nat. Ed. 12. 606.-6. Gmel. teer 143. 6. — Marsh. Ent. dé, i i. 945. 18. Vill. Ent. Eur. i. 174. 3. — Payk. Mon, Cure. 131. | Curculio Vicie. De Geer. v. 253. 43. t. 6. f. 31:39; abus Cracce. Payk. Faun. Suec. iii. 177. 11. Wels Faun. Paris, i i 236. ir: Tabs fe. s ML % E 30 Mr. Kinny on Herbst’s Genus Apion. Long. Corp. 14 lin. Habitat in Europee septentrionalis Vicie Cracce seminibus et flo- ribus. Mus. Linn. Nostr: : DESCR. CORPUS atrum, obscurum, ex pube albidá leviter in- canum. 1 À Carur punctulatum, inter oculos rugulosum, Rostrum brevius, compressum, basi valde incrassatum rugu- losum depressum, apice attenuato-subulatum lave, ni- tidum, subtüs carinatum, ab apice basin versus sensim dilatatum et quasi sacculiforme; dein incisum *. An- tenne longiores, postice, basi testacex : clava nitidá, in fossulà rostri inserte. | Oculi prominuli, magni. Truncus ex globoso teretiusculus, leviter punctulatus, dorso lined longitudinali utrinque abbreviata exaratus, anticé submarginatus. Scutellum minutissimum. Cole- optra subglobosa, sulcato-striata: striis punctatis; in- terstitiis planiusculis. Amongst the synonyms of Apion Cracce i have not referred to Fabricius, because he appears to have mistaken a different in- sect for it. Elytra obscuró cerulea and Rostrum apice depressum are terms which will not at all agree with the true Apion Cracce, the original specimen of which still remains in the ‘Linnean Ca- binet. Panzer, likewise, has figured an insect under this name which has no relation to ours, for it differs from it both in size, (being considerably larger,) Shape, and colour, and it wants the subulate rostram, the most prominent feature of this species. mar 2.13. APION ROFICORNE: A. atrum villoso-incanum, rostro crassiusculo : apice subulato, antennis totis testaceis, coleoptris subglobosis. -.* Tab. i. fig. 4. c. t Faun. Germ, Init. 90. t. 10. | 3 = _. Herbst. Mr. Kinny on Herbst’s Genus Apion. $1 Herbst. Natursyst. vii. 110. 8. t. 102. f. S—H. | `- Long. Corp. 1; lin. - Habitat in Anglia, Borussiä rarissime. In Corylo legi Fun. ex 1805. Mus. D. Hooker. Nostr. | DESCR. CORPUS atrum, obscurum, piloso-incanum. _Capur pube alba densiüs obsitum: lined intermedia gla- bra. Rostrum brevius, totum ex pilis decumbentibus niveum, basi incrassatum, apice subulatum acumine breviusculo, subtüs feré ut in specie precedenti. An- tenne longiores, media, tenues admodum, tote testa- cee. Oculi prominuli, magni. ees TRUNCUS minutissime punctulatus, lineà dorsali antice abbreviatä obsoletids. exaratus. Scutellum minutissi- tum. Coleoptra subglobosa, sulcato-striata : striis punctatis; interstitiis planiusculis. pate This little insect, although very nearly related to Apion Cracce, is, I think, distinct from it: the hair on the body is thicker; the rostrum has a shorter acumen, and is covered, from the base to the tip, with white hairs; the antennee, likewise, are entirely tes- taceous, Fabricius regarded it, as I observed before, merel y as a variety of his Attelabus Pomone, but from that insect it differs not only in the colour of its elytra, but also in their shape, being proportionally shorter, so that, when taken together, they are subglobose. Herbst never saw but one specimen of it; and three only, that I know of, have been taken in England, one by Mr. W. J. Hooker, of Norwich, a most ingenious and indefati-. gable entomologist, and two others by myself. ome = : bm. A. atrum villoso-canescens, subtüs niveo-pubescens, antennis u pedibusque testaceis, coleoptris üti 2:5 ; = — Attelabus 32 Mr. Kırzy on Herbst’s Genus Apion. Attelabus Vicie. Payk. Faun. Suec. iii. 181. 16. Apion difficile. Herbst. Natursyst. vi. 124. 13. t. 103. f.1—A? Long. Corp. 14 lin. - Habitat i in Anglie et Suecie Vicid Craccá. Mus. D. pela, Nostr. . DESCR. CORPUS atrum, supra pilis al Bis s sibl cant subtus . ex pube densa niveum. CarvT inter oculos striatulum. Rostrum brevius, ex pi- - ']ositate niveum, summo apice glabro nitido. “Antenna 7 longiores, medie, tote flavo-testacez. à sub == minuli. E Tavwe us brevis admodum, ex globoso teretidécülus, le- viter punctulatus, lineolä dorsali posticé impressus. Pedes flavo-testacei: tibiis quatuor posterioribus tar- sisque omnibus nigricante-rufis. Scutellum minutum, apice rotundatum. Coleoptra ex globoso ovata, sulcato- striata: striis punctatis ; interstitiis planiusculis. os —Alter sexus rostro mediocri tenuiori, basi subincrassáto ob- scuro, ante antennas glabro nitido. Lg pone — rostri —dnsertis. — | nue. is This insect was described by Paykull from specimens furnish- ed by my learned correspondent Major Gyllenhàl, who likewise sent it to me. He met with it upon Vicia Cracca; I have since found it very plentiful upon the’ same plant. I once thought that this might be the true Curc. Trifolii of Linné, but the cha- racters Rostrum thorace longius and Thorax | ex cavato-punctatus will not at all suit our insect. I have referred to Apion d. ifficile ‘of Herbst with a mark of interrogation, because he makes. no men- tion of the white down which covers the underside of the bod y,a circumstance not likely to be omitted by:so minute a describer, yee Bs insect in other respects is certainly nearly related. ‘to, ours, 2 SSA | : HE APION | Mr. Kırzy on Herbst's Genus Apion. 33 15. APION OBSCURUM. A. nigrum albido-villosulum, pedibus quatuor anterioribus rufis, coleoptris globoso-oblongis obscure nigro-:neis. Curculio obscurus. Marsh. Ent. Brit. i. 944. 1G. 3 Long. Corp. 12 lin. Habitat in Anglia rarissime, a D. Lambert lectum. Mus. D. Mar- “Sham. Nostr. | | DESCR. CORPUS nigrum, pilis albidis subcinereum. bee Capur inter oculos excavato-punctatum : punctis con- es Miecntibus, Rostrum longius, pone antennas crassius. Antenne pone medium rostri insert, nigra: articulo primo obscure rufo. Truncus punctatus: punctis valde excavatis confluenti- bus, lineá dorsali intermediä posticé exaratus. Pedes capiet quataor anteriores rufi; genubus nigris. Scutellum mi- ..... putem, medio excavatum. Coleopira ex globoso ob- - — ~ longa, obscure nigro-zenea, striata: striis sübpunctatis; . interstitiis planis. CLUB. This is the largest species of this minute genus that I bave yet seen; it has been noticed by no author besides my ingenious friend Mr. Marsham in his excellent Entomologia Britannica. Two specimens were found amongst a parcel of insects given him by Aylmer Bourke Lambert, Esq., and these are the. only ones that have yet been seen. - ey p cenae Fr ta i 124 Em 16, APION MALVARUM... dig ; = tram inereo-subvillosum, subtüs piloso-albicans, pedibus plantis nigris, coleoptris ovatis nigro-eneis, ^'^ rife lii. Marsh. Ent. Brit. i. 246. 22, ` hat | ^ tLong. Corp. 1ilin. * 2H m Habitat.in' Angliz Malvis freque; Muszhobtr, :3)04T no; SUL. IX. BEE Ra à 84 Mr, KirBy on Herbsts. Genus Apion. i : ^ x. ; DESCR. CORPUS atrum, pilositate subcinereä levissimé in- canum, subtüs, precipue ad latera, pilis densioribus lacteum. Carur leviter punctulatum. Rostrum longius, nitidum, . basi pauló crassius. Antenne breviores, postica, tote nigre vel piceo-nigre. Oculi parum prominuli, ex parte inferiori cilio longiusculo albido cincti. Truncus ex globoso teretiusculus, leviter punctulatus, lineolà dorsali brevissimá postice obsoletits exaratus. Pedes testacei: tarsis nigris. Scutellum minutissimum. Coleoptra ovata, nitidiuscula, nigro-snea, striata: striis subpunctatis ; interstitiis planiusculis. This insect stands in Mr. Marsham's cabinet as Curculio Tri- folii of Linné, and it certainly agrees with the description of the illustrious Swede better than any other of these yellow-legged Apions; so that my ingenious friend's error, since he did not know the true habitat of the insect in question, furnishes, in effect, a proof his accuracy, especially when it is considered that he had been informed by Mr. Markwick of the devastation committed upon Trifolium pratense by a species, which from the description of that gentleman seemed synonymous with it. I say error, because I think this species is not C. Trifolii of Linné, and clearly distinct from that to which Mr. Markwick so justly attributes the damage often occasioned to crops of clover-seed. Linné informs us that his insect feeds upon Trifolium montanum, » whereas Apion Malvarum is confined to the mallow, and is never to be met with upon any diadelphous plant: the former, except the abdomen and thighs, appears to be all black, but the elytra of the latter are nigro-zneous: in that the thighs only are de- _ scribed as of a pale colour (pallida); in this the whole leg, ex- cept the tarsus, is testaceous. Yet had this insect fed upon Trifolium, and been synonymous with Mr. Markwick’s, x | these Mr. Kırzry on Herbst’s Genus Apion. 35 these differences might have been regarded as accidental; and,. since Linné does not always use his terms rigidly according to their strict definition, and in his descriptions often omits to notice many peculiarities of the subject he is treating of, it might have been thought that in the present instance latitude of this kind was taken: but our insect is quite distinct from the clover Weevil; the shape of the thorax and that of the clytra taken together i is different, the former being more spherical, and thé latter more oblong. The Apion of the mallow is also hairy, especially un- derneath, which gives the whiteness to its breast and abdomen, whereas Mr. Markwick’s insect has no hairs upon it, and is quite black underneath. That gentleman, indeed, in his description, speaks of his specimens as having “a whitish belly," (a circum- stance which naturally induced Mr. Marsham to regard the two insects as synonymous) but in a letter with which he favoured me, in answer to some queries I put to him upon this subject, he says, * I well remember that when this insect was first ex- cluded from its chrysalis state, its belly was whitish, as I have de- scribed it, but I think I afterwards discovered that its belly soon (in a day or two) changed to black, which may account for the difference in Mr. Lehmann’s description and mine.” 17. APION RUFIROSTRE. _ | ; A. atrum, kitisa piloso-albicans, rostro dütiidieto antennis | pedis busque rufis, coleoptris ovatis nigro-zneis. Herbst, Natursyst. vii. 111. 10. t. 102. f. 10—K. Curculio Tufirostris. Fab. Syst. Ent. 139. 25. Sp. Ins. i. 167. 35. Mant. i. 100.46, Marsh. Ent. Brit. i. 246.21. Gmel. 1744, 107. Vill. Ent. Eur. iv 187. 44. iv. di apse Faun. ib 1.7722. o7 hPa MED ž ue A Attclabus 56 Mr. Kainpt on Herbst's. Genus Apion. Attelabus rufirostris. .Fabr..Ent. Syst. Em. i. b. 390. 96. Syst. Eleuth. ii. 424, 43. Long. Corp. 12 lin. Habitat in Angliz:e Malvis cum precedente. Mus. nostr. DESCR. CORPUS atrum, obscurum, supra albido subpilosum, subtüs totum pilis densis lacteum. Capur inter oculos rugulosum. Rostrum brevius, cras- siusculum, basi nigrum, ante antennas rufum, apice summo iterum nigro. Antenne mediocres, testacez, postice: clavá crassiuscula. Oculi vix prominuli. Truncus ex globoso teretiusculus, leviter punctulatus, lineolá posticá brevissima supra obsoletiüs exaratus. Pedes testacei : tarsis. articulis. duobus extimis nigris. Scutellum minutum. Coleoptra ovata, nigro-znea, striata: striis vix punctatis ; interstitiis planiusculis. ABDOMEN. Anus testaceus. This insect certainly bears, in many respects, considerable re- semblance to Apion Malvarum; yet it differs so materially in others, that I cannot help regarding them as distinct: its rostrum rufous at the end, its rufous anus and antenne are differences too striking to be regarded as merely indications of sex, unless stronger evidence could be adduced than the mere circumstance of their inhabiting the same plant. I have therefore, notwithstanding an observation of Hellwig’s recorded by Herbst which intimates that they are varieties, ventured to continue them as distinct, = _ 18. APION NIGRITARSE. E A. atrum glabrum, rostro dimidiato pedibusque testaceis, anten- nis clavä tarsisque nigris, coleoptris oblongo-ovatis. Tab. RS SS: 6, Long. Corp. 3 lip eRe Habitat Mr. Kınzy on Herbst’s Genus Apion. 37 Habitat in:Anglize. Corylo; apud Nacton’ prope Gippovicum a nobis et Dom. Sheppard bis lectum, iterum à Dom. Spencé in Comitatu Eboracensi.. Mus. Dom. Sheppard; Spence, nostr. DESCR. CORPUS totum aterrimum, et, capite excepto, gla- . brum. CAPUT “inter oculos. punctulatum, pilis albicantibus sub- aș Incanum. Rostrum mediocre, ante. antennas pallide testàceum. Tisi ae mediz, pallide testacez: o Tuuxcus aloe punctolBtul dorso ee A Pedes pallide testacei: tarsis. nigris. Coleoptra ex ob- longo-ovata, striata: striis punctatis. _ Obs —Caput interdum nudum. Thorax viv canaliculatus. My valuable friend, the Rev. Revett Sheppard, first found this insect. I afterwards took a specimen upon the hazle-nut, and 2s Spence met with it upon the same shrub in Yorkshire. . Tt is considerably smaller than Apion rufirostre : the body is without hairs; the knob of the antenna, the tarsi, and the elytra, are black; in other pore it much resembles pat species.. :19. APION FLAVIPES.. A. atrum glabrum, pedibus flavis: plantis nigris, antennis basi: rufis, coleoptris ovatis. Herbst. Natursyst. vii. 106. 5. t. 102. FSE: Curculio flavipes. Fabr. Syst. Ent. 133. 13. Sp. Ins. i. 169." AT. Mant. i. 102. 63. Gmel. 1745. 11. Payk. Mon. Cure. 144. 135: Attelabus flavipes. Fabr. Ent. Syst. Em. i. b. 391. 33. Syst. Eleuth: ii. 427. 57, M Faun. Suec. iii. 189. 17. Walck. Faun. Paris. à 2306. 13> j Long. Corp. m lin. Habitat Larva in fer T: "ifolii repentis capitulis, Imago. in. sc- , pibus per totam zstatem obvia, et in tempore inflorescentize in 38 Mr. Kirny on Herbst’s Genus Apion. in planta supradictá frequens uterque sexus. Mus. nostr. Var. & Mus. Dom. Marsham. DESCR. CORPUS atrum, subnitidum, glabriusculum. - CarvT pauló longius quam in hoc genere mos est, punc- tulatum, inter oculos striatulum. Rostrum brevius ni- tidum, basi et apice pauld crassius. Antenne longiores, pone medium rostri insertae, basi testacex. Oculi sub- prominull. Truxcus angustus, subcylindricus, punctulatissimus, posticé linea dorsali leviter exaratus. Pedes flavi: apophysibus tarsisque nigris. Scutellum minutissimum. Coleoptra globoso-ovata, striata: striis punctatis; inter- stitiis planiusculis. | Var. 8. Tibiis omnibus piceis. ` Obs.—In altero sexu rostrum mediocre, Coleoptra oblongo-ovata. This insect, which I received from Sweden as Attelabus flavipes -Of Fabricius, is not uncommon in this country : it may frequent- ly be met with, early in the spring, in hedge-rows and warm situations, but it deposits its eggs in the heads of white or Dutch clover (Trifolium repens), in. which the sexes may commonly be found. I took it last summer (1805) in great numbers upon this plant in Suffolk, and afterwards in Middlesex; and Mr. Markwick, near Tunbridge. The insect which does so much damage to common clover is a distinct species from this, and it is remarkable, that so far as my observation has extended, these two species confine themselves each to its own kind of lover without ENNEN the one with the other. ES 20. APION PALLIPES. A. nigrum, pedibus testaceis: plantis nigris, fronte canaliculatá, coleoptris oblongo-ovatis. Tab. 1. fs- = Apion Mr. Kırzy on Herbst’s Genus Apion. 39 Apion pallipes. Mus. D. Gyilenhal. Long. Corp. 14 lin. Habitat in Angliz sepibus rarids. Etiam in Suecià. Mus. nostr. DESCR. CORPUS nigrum, obscuriusculum, pilostlum. CaruT latum, punctulatum, inter oculos canaliculatum. Rostrum submediocre, glabrum, nitidum, apice pauld dilatatum. Antenne longiores, postica, basi obscure rufe. Oculi prominuli. Truncvs ex globoso teretiusculus, punctulatissimus, li- - neolà postica dorsali obsoletiusculá. . Pedes testacei: tarsis nigris. Scutellum minutum. Coleoptra oblongo- ovata striata: striis punctatis; interstitiis planiusculis. Var. 8. Rostro breviori, punctulato. An sea. alt.? . Unless it be very closely examined, this insect is very. liable to be confounded with Apion flavipes, yet it exhibits some very discriminating characters, which in a larger insect would at first sight establish its claim to be considered as a distinct species. The head is much wider in proportion; a single channel or fur- row, drawn longitudinally, distinguishes the space between the eyes; the rostrum is thicker and a little wider at the apex; and, to name no other circumstance, the thorax is not nearly so nar- row, and of a different shape. Since I have both sexes of Apion flavipes, I can see that these are not sexual characters; and from the rostrum being shorter in variety @ of Apion pallipes (a usual sexual distinction) I may presume that I possess the sexes of the latter insect, in which case no doubt can remain of their being distinct. In the Swedish specimens of this insect, the channel between iv aes is not so visible as it is in the English ones, 3 | 21, APION 40 Mr. Kırzy on Herbst’s Genus Apion. 21. APION FAGI. A. atrum glabrum, antennis basi basics pallidis, coleop- tris oblongis nigricantibus. Tab. 1. fig. 8 | Curculio Fagi. Linn. Syst. Nat. Ed. 12. 611. 44, Faun. Suec. 609. . t. Scan, 111. Gmel. 1761. 44. | | ' Long. Corp. 14 hin. Habitat in Suecie Fagi foliis. Linn. Mus. Linn. nostr. DESCR. CORPUS atrum, glaberrimum.. .. a Carur punctulatüm. Rostrum longius, pone: antennas pauló -crassius et punctulatum. | Antenne ‘longiores, -medis, basi pallida. Oculi — parum prom nuli. | Truncus subcylindricus, punctulatissimus. : Thorax pos- . ticé obsoletiüs canaliculatus. Pedes nigri: femoribus ‘ luteo-pallidis. Scutellum minutissimum. | Coleoptra ob- longiuscula, nigro-picea, cum Aevi. tincturà. violze, . sul; cato-striatas strüs punctatis; 5 dnterstitiis. planiusculis. - "Var. g- Tibiis anticis etiam. pallidis. - "This is one, amongst many, of the original NEG insects, which appears not to be known by the entomologists of the present day. Paykull candidly owns (Faun. Suec. iii. 268. 90.) Olim in Mon. Curc. sub nomine Curc. Fagi a me determinatus, (vizi. Curc. Populi Fabr.) sed descriptio Linneana Curc. Fagi non quadrat, mihi igitur ille adhuc ignotus est. | | dE ui in from "e altering. sg terms of Di Gave Fagi, but since the true’ eh Dé an m os ac- cording to his system, and he has kept hisin Cur culio,(Rhynchanus E Eleuth.) and amongst the saltatoriis —hence, I imagiue, FI O19 wae : | that Mr. Kırzx on Herbst's Genus Apion. Al that as yet he is unacquainted with it; and on this account I have not referred to him. It will be expected that I assign my reasons for giving the i in- sect here described as the genuine Curculio Fagi of Linné. My description was taken from the original specimens still preserved in the Linnean Cabinet. These are fastened with gum upon a piece of paper inscribed by Linné's own hand, which places their identity beyond all question; since the name, being written upon the same paper on which the insects are fastened, 'cannot have been changed even by accident. That naturalists should have been at a loss about this species appears not so wonderful, when we consider that Linné has placed it in an order to which it does not belong, namely amongst his Saltatorii, femoribus posticis crassis. There is one circumstance mentioned in the description of Faun. Suec., which, if it had been observed, would have pointed out that this insect. was in a wrong place—viz. Antenne—infimo articulo—viz reliquis longiore. In the curculios of that family, and indeed in all the genuine curculios, the first joint of the antenne is nearly as long as allthe rest taken together, and forms an angle with them. Whether this insect be a jumper, having never seen a living spe- cimen, I cannot positively say; yet none of the species of the genus Apion, that are known at present, are of that description; and the posterior thighs of Apion Fagi are scarcely thicker than the four anterior, and therefore are not en ir s to such a mode of motion. Scopoli has a Curculio Fagi, and Lion’ refer? to E. for it, hastily” it should seem, and without sufficiently attending to his description. Totus niger, villo brevi pubescens. Caput gerit rostro nihilo brevius—neque dicendus longirostris. ‘These are characters which are quite at variance with: he eee: insect and his own description. COMIS eee - VOL, IX. | G T 92, APION E - . Mr. KrngaY on Herbst’s Genus Apion. 22, APION ASSIMILE. A, atrum glabrum, femoribus omnibus tibiisque anticis testaceis, coleoptris subellipticis. Long. Corp. 14 lin. ; Habitat in Angliae Trifolü ochroleuci capitulis et Ale M. us. nostr. DESCR. CORPUS atrum, glabrum, EUREN tenue ad- modum. Capur inter oculos striatulum. Rostrum viec punc- tulatum, apice nitidum, pone antennas crassius. Anten- næ longiores, mediz, basi piceee. Oculi subimmersi. Truncus subcylindricus; angustus, -punctulatissimus : punctis confluentibus, dorso posticè subcanaliculatus, Pedes atri; femoribus omnibus, apophysibus tibiisque anticis, his obscure, rufo-testaceis. Scutellum minutis- simum. Coleoptra aterrima, subelliptica, leviter striata: striis obsoletiàs punctatis; interstitiis planiusculis. Obs.—Alter sexus rostro longiori, thorace postice. magit conspicué canaliculato. 3 23. APION FLAVIFEMORATUM. A. atrum glabrum, femoribus omnibus tibiisque anticis IRB coleoptris globoso-ovatis gibbis. | Herbst. Natursyst. vii. 125. 14. t. 103. f. 2—B. Curculio Trifolii var. Marsh. Ent. Brit, i. 246. 22. Trans. Lm ‘. Soc. vi. 142. t. 5. f. a—d. Curculio ochropus. Müll. Zool. Dan. Prod. S 1018. Act. Me 415, Gmel. 1757. 203. Attelabus flavipes. Panz, Ent. Germ. 208. 22. Faun. Gern, Init 20 4: 194.75 : : Le Becmare noir à Lien foil Geoff. i. 272. 8 Long. Corp. 143—135 lin. | Habitat Mr. Kırzy on Herbst's Genus Apion. 43 Habitat in Angliz Trifolii pratensis satis, Larva semina exedens, Imago ubique frequentissima per totum feré annum. DESCR. CORPUS atrum, glabrum. "CaruT punctulatum, inter oculos rugulosum. Rostrum longius, filiforme, nitidum, punctulatum, medio pauló crassius. Antenne mediocres, mediz, basi testacem. Oculi subimmersi. Truncus punctulatus, postic® lineolä dorsali exaratus. Pedes atri: femoribus omnibus, apophysibus tibiisque anticis, at hi obscuriüs, rufo-testaceis. Scutellum mi- nutissimum. Coleopira subglo! osa seu ex globoso ova- . ta, fornicata et feré gibba, nitidiuscula, nigra, nigrore seepiüs aeneo leviter infecto, striata: striis punctatis ; interstitiis convexiusculis. Var. 8. Minor, antennis totis nigris. — Tibiis omnibus nigricantibus: annulo testaceo. Obs.—Sezus alter rostro mediocri. The two insects last described, (namely Apion assimile; and fiavifemoratum,) from their extreme similarity to each other, are very liable to be confounded; if, however, they be carefully examined, they will be found to possess characters sufliciently striking to entitle them to rank as distinct species. In Apion — assimile : (an insect which seems peculiar to Trif -lium ochroleucum) the body is much narrower than is the case with the other, and not so shining; the space between the eyes, which are scarcely at all prominent, is furrowed, but not very distinctly ; the an- tenne are piceous at the base; the trunk is nearly cylindrical; and the elytra ‘subelliptical, with furrows slightly drawn. In Apion flavifemoratum the space between the eyes is rugulose ; the S007 is wider in proportion than in the preceding ; the elytra are c2 > “shining, 44 Mr. KirBy on Herbst’s Genus Apion. shining, black with a very slight æneous tinge, taken together they are subglobose, extremely convex, vaulted, and almost gibbous, with furrows deeper than those of Apion assimile; in every other respect it is the counterpart of that species. Having said what appeared to me necessary to prove that these are distinct species, I shall confine myself in what I have further to observe, to the dne last described, Apion flavifemor atum, which is by far the most. interesting of all, on account of the loss. which it occasions to the Lai ug; by the havoc it fre- quently makes in his crops of clover-seed ; for the account of which, and of the history. and economy of this insect, I must refer the reader to the ingenious letters of Messrs. Markwick and Lehmann contained in the 6th volume of the Linnean So- ciety's Transactions*; and next proceed to i inquire whether this. has a better claim to be considered as the Curc. Trifolii of Linné, | than Apion Malvarum. I must observe that my specimens iden- tify with those sent me by Mr. Markwick as his insect. The principal reason for regarding Apion flavifemoratum as. Curc. Trifolü, is taken from both of them feeding upon a species. of the genus Trifolium; but this circumstance, although it may furnish considerable presumptive evidence, is by no means a po- ` sitive proof that they are synonymous; for we must recollect that Linné’s insect feeds upon T. montanum, which. is not a na- tive of Great Britain, whereas ours is confined to T. pratense, attacking no other species: now since, as we have seen above, both T. repens and F. ochroleucum supply each a peculiar species. with food, so probably may T. montanum : therefore, before. we . can be clear as to the identity of the two insects, we must com- pare ours with Linné’s s description of his: in this there are two circumstances that will not well; accord with. „apiga: flavifemora- * P. 149—150.) » tum Mr. Kırgr on Hertst’soGenus Apion. 45 tum—viz. femora pallida—abdomen’niveum : ipon the former of these I will not lay much stress, (though Linné, elsewhere? ex- plains the term pallidus by albido -flavus, and the thighs of the clover weevil are rufo-testaceous,) but the latter will not by any means suit our insect, which has. a naked black abdomen; ; and in the many hundreds of specimens which I have examined, | this part has never varied from that clonis ^ || 100 Dana - Whether what I have given above-as 'such;-or:the-insect now under consideration, be the: true Attelabus flavipes: of Fabricius seems uncertain; his Nomen Specificum defines it femoribus luteis, but in his description (which‘is to. be found only in his early work, Systema Entomologie 133.:33.). he says. pedibus flavis. In his later works he refers both to Geoffroy and. Paykull, the for- mer of whom, by his Becmare noir à. pattes fauves, evidently in- tends Apion flavifemoratum, since he says Tout. l'animal est d'un noir luisant, à l'exception des cuisses qui sont rougeâtres. -- Whereas the latter as evidently bad in his eye that. which. Ihave before » synonymized with Attelabus flavipes; this appears by the. terms employed in his Nomen Specificum, femoribus tibisque flavis: since this last was sent me as Fabricius's insect by my learned and liberal correspondent, Major Gyllenhal, who has better op- portunities than I have of knowing his sentiments, I have there- fore given it as Aét. flavipes. It is most probable, however, that. Fabricius, in common with € HARE iE has: confounded the two species. | Aya BE ^E have added a mark of RER to the nail of Pan-. zer, because it seems to me uncertain. whether his gen e to Apion flavifemoratum, or Apion flavipes. | Herbst's Apion flavifemoratum (sent also by Moins Gilead is synonymous with my variety Bath Ay d o emagi rod olus ^ Fans "c. 180.. ‘atin li eee a, APION. 46 - Mr. Kinny on Herbst's Genus Apion. 24. APION FILIROSTRE. A. atrum glabrum, coleoptris subglobosis, rostro pedibusque elongatis. Long. Corp. 1; lin. Habitat in Anglia rarissimum. Mus. nostr. DESCR. CORPUS atrum, glaberrimum, vix nitidum. Carvr inter oculos striatulum. | Rostrum longius, subfili- forme, nitidum, levissimó punctulatum, ante antennas subattenuatum. Antenne breviores, pone medium ros- tri inserte. Oculi subimmersi. | Truncus subcylindricus, levissime piincialabas ante » Scutellum lineolä obsoletiüs impressus. Pedes elongati. Scutellum minutum. Coleoptra ex globoso ovata, striata: striis subpunctatis; interstitiis planiusculis. Obs.—Sezus alter rostro mediocri; antennis mediis. This insect very much resembles Apion flavifemoratum, but is at first sight to be distinguished from it by its entirely black legs: I have taken two specimens only of it, upon what plant I did not observe. 25. APION SORBI. A. atrum glabrum, coleoptris globosis virescenti-caeruleis, rostro longissimo. Herbst. Natursyst. vii. 111. 9. t. 102. f. 9—I. eximia. Attelabus Sorbi. Fab, Ent. Syst. Em. i. b. 390. 29. Syst. Eleuth. ii. 426, 52. Payk. Faun. Suec. iii. 178. 12. Panz. Faun. Geri Init. 20. t. 11. "- Curculio viridescens. Marsh. Ent. Brit. i. 249. NT 5 Curculio levigatus. Payk. Mon. Curc. 133. E Long. Corp. 2 lin. : Habitat Mr. Kırzy on Herbst's Genus Apion. 47 Habitat in Anglia tempore vernali e rarioribus unum. Etiam in Suecia et Germania. . Victus—Sorbi Aucuparie flores, fructus, succus. Dom. Herbst. Mus. nostr. ¢. D. Spence, nostr. DESCR. CORPUS atrum, glaberrimum, nitidiusculum. CAPUT brevissimum, inter oculos rugulosum. Rostrum vix corpore brevius, apice paulò dilatatum, ubi anten- n: inseruntur utrinque tumidulum. Antenne breviores, pone medium rostro insidentes. . Oculi immersi; Truncus subglobosus, punctulatus: punctis confluenti- bus, posticé dorso profunde canaliculatus. Scutellum minutissimum. Coleoptra globosa, viridescenti-czerulea, striata: striis quasi acu ductis, subpunctatis : intersti- tiis latis, planis. Obs.—Mas femina differt rostro multo breviori, crassiori; antennis brevioribus ; elytris obscurioribus nig? is: nigrore eneo aut viridi- «neo paululüm tincto. : | Mr. Marsham’s description of this insect was made when he was staying with me, from a specimen in my cabinet: neitlier of us at that time discovered it to be Attelabus Sorbi of Fabvicius. I have since received it as such from Major Gyllenhal, and upon comparing it with the description of Fabricius, I am convinced that his specimens are rightly named.. It is well figured: in Panzer, and admirably by Herbst... Curculio. Sorbi of. [ gia Britannica is quite a distinct insect, which I shall hereafter describe. I have looked for this insect upon. Sorbus „Aucuparia, where i it was growing wild; but could never meet with it there.. I bave generally found it in grass : but this circumstance. probably was merely accidental. It is a rare insect, particularly that which, upon the authority of Major Gyllenhal, I have given as the male, which has been un in Britain but‘ once vý Mr. Spence. IM 26. . APION AS Mr. Kirsy on Herbst’s Genus Apion. 26. APION SUBSULCATU M. A.atrum glabrum, coleoptris subglobosis rae. rostro me- diocri capite inter oculos rueolosel Curculio subsulcatus. : Marsh. Ent. Brit. i. 249; 3 Apion ceruleum. Herbst. Natursyst. vii. 123. 11. t. 102. f. 11—L? Long. Corp. 14 lin. Habitat in Anglize Vicid Sepium. Mus. nostr. Dom. Spence. B. y- DESCR. CORPUS atrum, glaberrimum, obscuriusculum. CaruT longiusculum, inter oculos rugulosum. Rostrum mediocre, filiforme, leviter punctulatum. Antenne me- diocres, mediz, attenuata: clava elosgutiubeula. Oculi subimmersi. Sass , "TInuNcus angustus, brevis, feré cylindricus, excavato- punctatus, dorso posticé vix, ac ne vix, canaliculatus. Scutellum minutissimum. Coleoptra subglobosa, ama- né cerulea, subsulcata: sulculis disc eee i interstitiis planiusculis. | Var. ß. Elytris ER interstitiis convexis. Is ei to. —— y. Thorace fossulä aut lined nullä exarato. SS 3. Capite inter oculos trisulco. auo» Herbst's figure makes the rostrum longer than it is in our spe- cimens ; on this account I have added a mark of interrogation to his synonym. g. may be distinct, but it differs in nothing but the convexity of the interstices of the strie.. lI took 5 upon the bean; it may perhaps be distinct, but it rise in scarcely any point, et the furrows PORN: the eyes. . IR .93. APION, FOVEOLATUM. A. atrum. glabrum, coleoptris subglobosis. ceeruleis, rostro me- Boch, fronte impressä striatä, thorace canaliculato. 2 Long. P E £5. 5 Roa. M m Kirsy on Herbst’s Genus Apion. | 49 otter gasai — Long. Corp. T+ lin. Habitat in Suecià: ex Mus. Dom. Gyllenhal. |. In Anglia: ex - Mus. Dom. Lathbur y. 'y ex Mus. Dom. Spence. DESCR. CORPUS atrum, obscurum, subelabrum. Capvt inter oculos fovea. impressum, et in fovcá striatu- lum. Rostrum submediocre, crassiusculum, punctula- ` tum. Antenne mediocres, media: clavà crassiuscula. | Oculi subprominuli. pr ; Trunevsantich submarginatus seu coarctatus, excavato- ~~ punctatus, dorso postice canaliculatus.. Scutellum mi- nutissimum. Coleoptra ex obovato subglobosa, cærulea, pilositate quádam brevissimá, et nisi sub lente forti vix ee ‘obscurata, subsuleata : sulculis punctatis ; ^ jnterstitiis. phiniist uhi t o do is e» “Var. B. Frontis fovea i impressiori canaliculata, antennis ros- | tro longic ril us, corpori: z comes PAS ed tho- race antice vix coarctato. An idem? | - y. Rostro longiori nitido, in neha supra inter antennas puncto impresso, corpore glabriori. | Obs.— Frontis Jovea nisi a latere vit conspicienda. "This insect is very similar to Apion subsulcatum, but the head E ds wider, the eyes: more prominent, and the space between them hie out: into, fal dee cai wur — one or r more furrows + ; th vod I home Up he e forner w was sent me fow ie ‘MISSOURI E BOTANICAL ba d eS. nr 50 Mr. KirBy on Herbst’s Genus Apion. this species, and it certainly is not Herbst’s insect, which we shall shortly describe, whose admirable figure clearly points out the species he meant. The impressed point on the rostrum of Var. ye may perhaps be accidental. 28. APION PUNCTIFRONS. A. atrum glabrum, coleoptris subglobosis caeruleis, rostro me- diocri, capite latiusculo inter oculos punctulato. Tab. 1. fig. 9. .. Long. Corp. 14 lin. Habitat in Anglid semel lectum. Maus. nostr. DESCR. CORPUS atrum, glaberrimum. . Carvr longius et latius quàm in plerisque precedentibus, posticé nitidum lve, inter oculos excavato-punctatum. Rostrum | submediocre, punctulatum, crassiusculum. Antenne mediocres, medi. | Oculi prominuli. Truncus discrete excavato-punctatus, postice dorso ca- naliculatus. Scutellum satis conspicuum. Coleoptra sub- globosa, cerulea, sulcata: sulculis jucundé punctatis; interstitiis convexiusculis. . "The insect I have here described is of the same habit with the two preceding ones, yet very distinct from either. The head is both wider and longer; the space between the eyes is punctu- late; and the furrows of the elytra are wider and deeper with convex interstices, 29. APION SULCIFRONS. | A. atrum abran coleoptris subglobosis mie rostro. me- diocri: basi crassiori, capite inter oculos trisulco. - Herbst. Natursyst. vii. 132. 25. £ 103. f- 12—M. eximia. Attelabus Woke ai Payk. Faun. Suec. iil. 179. 13. Long. - Mr. Kırzy on Herbst’s Genus Apion. 51 Long. Corp. 14 lin. Habitat in Angliæ Vicid sepium, tempore vernali obvium. Mus. nostr. DESCR. CORPUS atrum, glaberrimum. CaPvur inter oculos sulcato-striatum ; sulculis circiter tri- bus. Rostrum mediocre, pone antennas crassius ob- scurius, apice nitidum. Antenne mediocres, pone me- dium rostri insere : clavä majusculä. Oculi promi- nuli. : Truncus subcylindricus, punctultt sine lente forti vix conspicuis levissimé notatus, unde levior, quàm in ple- risque, evadit, anticé pauld angustior, dorso obsoletiüs canaliculatus. Scutellum minutum. Coleoptra ex glo- boso obovata, nigro-cerulea, striata: striis punctatis ; interstitiis convexiusculis. Obs. —In altero sexu rostrum brevius. Herbst's figure so happily expresses the characters of this little insect, that it seems not easy to mistake it; yet his description would agree perhaps as well with Apion foveolatum, which, as I observed before, was sent me for it from Sweden. It is princi- pally distinguished from the three preceding species by having its rostrum thicker from the point where the antenne are insert- ed to the head (a circumstance not omitted in the figure above quoted); by its thorax so slightly punctulate as to appear nearly without points under a single lens; by its elytra, which, taken together, approach more to an obovate shape : besides this, three furrows are very conspicuous between the eyes. It is not un- common upon Vicia sepium, and I do not find it upon any other plant. Major Gyllenhal sends it as Attel. punctiger of Paykull: i had before regarded that as eponymous with ut pm, but : yield to his authority. — um GE ug? = 9950. APION Mr. Kırey on Herbst’s Genus dies 30. APION STRIATUM. A. atrum piloso-subincanum, coleoptris globosis sulcatis, thorace canaliculato. Tab..1. fig. 10. Curculio striatus. Marsh. Ent. Brit. 1.249. 30.5 © Attelabus: Pisi. Fabr. Syst. Eleuth. ii. 425. 50. 0 Long. Corp. 15 lin. | Habitat in 1 Anglia. rarissimum. Mus. nostr. DESCR. CORPUS atrum, pilositate parvá ice obscurum. CaruT latiusgulum, inter oculos ruguloso- -punctatum. Rostrum mediocre, nitidiusculum, leviter punctulatum. Antenne mediocres, pone medium rostro insidentes. Oculi subprominuli. | R pas TRUNCUS coleoptris multò angustior, punctulatus, dorso canaliculatus. Scutellum minutissimum, et vix sub lente conspicuum. Coleoptra globosa, profundè sulcata : sul- cis punctatis; interstitiis planiusculis. Or [SS] ~ . $1. APION IMMUNE. . |... A. atrum. piloso-subincanum, coleoptris globoso-cuneiformibus sulcatis. Long. Corp. I li | Habitat i in Angli: Spartio et Ulice. Mus. nostr. DESCR. CORPUS atrum, ex pilositate pays albicanti sub- obscurum. "s ~ ‚Carur inter u striatum, Rostrum mediocre, kum —punctulatum, nitidum... Antenne. mediocres, pone me- . dium rostri insertæ, ‚Oeuli subprominuli. cedi Dr ‚ex globoso teretiusculus, punc tulatissimus ; punctulis ferd. contluentibus, haud canaliculatus, sed puncto majori impresso ante scutellum notatus; | Scu- m minutissiinum., Colcopttu ex _globoso obcuneata: ano € Dee Mr. Kirsy on Herbst's Genus Apion. 53 ano obtusissimo, sulcata: sulculis. punctatis; interstitiis modice convexis. Var. (9 minor; rostro breviori. This little insect is very nearly related to the preceding; it is however considerably smaller, the head between the c yes has two or three little ferrows, the thorax has no dorsal channel, and the elytra, taken together, are longer in proportion. Var. ß. is scarcely = u size of a. | 92. “APION VIRENS: = A. atrum, coleoptris oblongo-ovatis czruleis viridescentibusve striatis; stria suturali profundiori, thorace lzviusculo. Var; Ba | Herbst. Ve vii. 128, 18. t. 103. L 6—E? . Long. Corp. 11—1*. Habitat in ` Anglice sepibus. Mus. nostr. DESCR. CORPUS atrum, glabriusculum, nitidiusculum. Carvr vix punctatum, inter oculos rugulosum, in recenti insecto atrum cum levissimá tincturà szneá. Rostrum mediocre, nitidum. Antenne mediocres, pone medium rostri inserto. Oculi subprominuli. | Trunc US ater, nigrore, in recenti insecto, leviter æneo infecto, nisi sub Jente forti vix conspicuè punctulatus, = > puncto majori dorsali ante scutellum notatus. Scutel- — dum minutissimum. | Coleoptra ex oblongo obovata, cæ- = rulea, sulcata: sulculo suturali n medio reliquis pro- fundiori, in sulculis puncta impressa, interstitia sul- culorum; convexiuscula. D aas) . Var. f. minor, capi T lioraéeqde nigro spiele: ely uis virides > centibus. Be: ADAF I eae > It is not easy to judge from figures of the: —€— Hiec, ERI: the * 54 Mr. Kırzy on Herbst's Genus Apion. the distinctions of which cannot always be represented by the pencil, what species the author intends: that which Herbst has given of Apion virens, would agree equally well with several others; but, in his description, he mentions one circumstance which seems to justify my referring to him for the insect now before us. The head and thorax, he says, have a slight metallic : tint, a character observable in both varieties of our Apion vi- rens, and not common in the genus; in a. it fades, in the dead specimens, to nearly a black, but in 8., which appears to be Herbst's insect, it is more permanent. 33. APION MARCHICU M. A, atrum, coleoptris oblongo-ovatis atro-csruleis striatis: striä suturali profundiori, rostro brevi crassiusculo. Herbst. Natursyst. vii. 128. 19. t. 103. f. 7-6? Long. Corp. 13 lin. Habitat in Anglià. Mus. nostr. DESCR. CORPUS atrum, glaberrimum, nitidiusculum. Carport inter oculos trisulcum. Rostrum brevius, crassius- culum. Antenne longiores, medie. Oculi prominuli. Truncus subcylindricus, leviter punctulatus: puncto majori dorsali posticé insuper notatus, Scutellum mi- nutissimum. | Coleoptra ex oblongo obovata, cerulea, sulcata: sulculo suturali in medio profundiori, in sulcis puncta impressa. | Obs.—Sulculi frontales nisi sub triplici lente vi "deiceendia inter- dum omnino absunt. This little insect is so similar to the one before it, that I su- spect it may be only a sexual variety. The principal difference lies in the thickness and shortness of its rostrum, and in the three Mr. Kinnar on Herbst's Genus Apion. 55 three little furrows usually observable in the space between its eyes. It answers tolerably well to Herbst’s figure and description of his Apion marchicum, which, he observes, very much resembles A pion virens. 34. APION EDENINUM. A, aterrimum nitidum, coleoptris ovatis sulcatis, thorace lateri- bus subgibbosis posticé latiàs canaliculato. Tab. 1. fig. 11. Apion ebeninum. Mus. Dom. Gyllenhal. Long. Corp. 14 lin. Habitat in Suecià, Anglià. Apud Blakenham Magnam prope Gippovicum Julio medio 1806 bis lectum. DESCR. CORPUS aterrimum, nitidum, glaberrimum. CaruT inter oculos, sed vix conspicue, striatum, punc- tulis insuper quibusdam notatum, posticé transverse elevatum. Rostrum mediocre, apice et medio subdi- latatum, leviter arcuatum, sub lente forti punctula mi- nutissima per totam ejus longitudinem sunt conspicien- da. Antenne subbreviores, medi:. Oculi subimmersi. TruNcus angustus, anticé et posticé subattenuatus, utrin- que anteriüs gibbus, discreté punctulatus, ante scutel- lum sulco latiori quam in reliquis exaratus. Scutellum minutissimum. — Coleoptra ovata, sulcata: sulcis punc- tatis; interstitiis vix ipsis sulcis latioribus valde con- J. vexis. Obs.— Maris rostrum brevius robustius. - 85. APION ASTRAGALI. A. wneum nitidum, coleoptris oblongo-ovatis cyaneis, thorace canaliculato. Tab. 1. fig. 12, | ir eer d Seg Attelabus 56 ‚Mr. Kinny on Herbst's Genus. Apion. ‚Attelabus astragali. Payk. Faun. Suec. iii. 180. 15. | Long. Corp. 14 lin. ‘Habitat in foliis Astragali glycyphylii in eh pe Go- . thie. Dom. Gyllenhal. Mus. nostr: DESCR. CORPUS eneum seu viridi-eneum, glabrum, nitidum. Capur inter oculos rugulosum. Rostrum mediocre, atrum, nitidum. Antenne mediocres, pone medium rostri in- sertz. Oculi vix prominuli. : Truncus discrete punctulatus, dorso in medio. canalicu- latus. Tarsi nigri. Scutellum minutissimum. Coleoptra ovata, amend eyanca, interdum. violacea, striata: stris | punctatis interstitiis vix convexis. : : Var. @. Elytris viridibus. "This i$: one of the most elegant species of this genus; it was “sent me from Sweden by Major Gyllenhal, from whom Paykull -originally received it. Astragalus glycyphyllus is common in my ‘neighbourhood, but T axe, not. TIUS met nid this little insect n x > d ru ee does 5 k ; ee : - 96; APION. SPARTII. "A. atrum ibti coleoptris obovatis, - atro-ceruleis, fronte Jessie rostro mediocri. : Long. Corp. Vin? Habitat i in Spartio sed rariüs. Mus. nostr. * DESCR. CORPUS atrum, glaberrimum, minis Sildam. T Caro. uc inter oculos punctulatum T d Truncus » Mr. Kinny on Herbst's Genus Apion. 51 Truncvs vix capite latior, subcylindricus, discret? sed leviter punctatus, puncto insuper majori ante scutel- 2 lum notatus. Scutellum minutum. Coleoptza obovata, postice 'gibbosiuscula, striata: striis impresseé puncta- tis; interstitiis convexiusculis. 37. APION SPENCH. -— A, atrum piloso-obscurum, _ thorace canaliculato, coleoptris ob- . longis atro-ceruleis, fronte striata, rostro piloso. Tab. 1. fig. 13. : ‘Long. Corp. t lin. Habitat in Anglia. A Dom. Spence semel lectum. Mus. D.Spence. DESCR. CORPUS atrum, ex pilositate albidà obscurum. ' Capvr inter oculos trisulcum. Rostrum submediocre, cras- siusculum, reliquo corpore magis pilosum. Antenne .5 . pone medium rostri in fossulä insertz, longiores. Oculi magni, ovales, prominuli. Truncus brevis, antice angustior, ex globoso teres, punc- tatus: punctis impressis subconfluentibus, suprà medio canaliculatus, postic® utrinque foved obsoletiusculä. Coleoptra obovato-oblonga, atro-cerulescentia, striata : striis concinné punctatis; interstitiis planis. — — This species bears considerable resemblance to the preceding, but it is much larger, and hairy; the eyes are proportionally larger, between which, under a good lens, may be discerned three little furrows, not discoverable in Apion Spartü. The tho- rax also is canaliculate, with larger puncta, and more deeply im- pressed. It stands unique in the collection of my friend Wil- liam Spence, Esq. EL: .S., whose name it bears; à tribute justly . due to one of the most. acute and vum E of this island. d : | — yon. D. 1 = .98. APION 58 Mr. KirBy on Herbst's Genus Apion. 38. APION LOTI. A. nigrum piloso-subincanum, coleoptris obovatis, rostro longiori. t Long. Corp. 14 lin. Habitat in Anglie Loto corniculato. Mus. nostr. DESCR. CORPUS nigrum, nitidiusculum, ex — parva subincanum. CarvuT punctulatum : rugulis 2 seu 3 inter oculos. Ros- irum longius, arcuatum, filiforme, nitidissimum. An- tenne breviores pone medinm rostri inserte. Oculi subimmersi. | Truncvus ex globoso teretiusculus, confluenter punctu- latus, puncto majori excavato ante scutellum notatus. Scutellum minutum. Coleoptra obovata, striata: striis punctatis; interstitiis convexis. 39. APION UNICOLOR. A. atrum subpilosum, coleoptris oblongis, rostro mediocri sub- crassiori. Long. Corp. 1+ lin. Habitat in Anglid. Mus. Dom. Spence. DESCR. CORPUS angustum satis, atrum, subpilosum. Caput thorace pauló brevius, punctulatum, inter oculos bistriatum: striolis approximatis. Rostrum mediocre, crassiusculum, leviter punctulatum, reliquo corpore ma- gis pilosum, apice nitidum, medio paulò incrassatum et subtùs tumidulum seu gibbum, suprà inter antennas puncto gemino elevato notatum. Oculi subimmersi. Antenne submediocres pone medium rostri insertæ. -Truncus antice capitis latitudini posticè transversè sub- | = depressus Mr. Krnnv on Herbst's Genus Apion. 59 depressus et latior, excavato-punctatus, lineolà ante scutellum exaratus. Coleoptra oblonga, apice obtuse subacuminata, sulcato-striata: striis punctatis ; inter- stitiis convexis. This insect comes very near to 4. Loti, but the rostrum is con- siderably thicker, somewhat tumid in the middle, and under- neath (just before the insertion of the antennz) gibbous; it is distinguished likewise, if this circumstance be not accidental, by a pair of minute elevated points between the antennz. The head, viewed from before, has two little strie between the eyes; and the thorax has not the smallest tendency to a globose figure. * 40. APION ATOMARIUM. ‚A. atrum piloso-incanum, coleoptris ovatis, rostro longiori, tho- race brevi. Tab. 1. fig. 14. Apion atomarium Mus. Dom. Gyllenhal. "Long. Corp. 4 lin. Habitat in Suecid. Mus. nostr. DESCR. CORPUS atrum, totum pilis albicantibus incanum. Caput breve. Rostrum longius, valde arcuatum, filiforme, leve, nitidum, glabrum, basi lined transversá elevatius- culà. Antenne postice, breviores. Oculi magni, subim- mersi, ce Tnvxcus brevissimis, ex d He feretiascalas, postice | ss paniè latior, lineolà punctove dorsali ante scutellum aut obsoleto aut nullo. Coleoptra ovata, striata: striis punetatis; interstitiis convexiusculis. | This is the most minute species of this genus, with which I am at present acquainted. It was sent me by my liberal friend = Gyllenhal, and is clearly: distinct from every other. 12 SES 41, APION 60 Mr. Kırsr on Herbst’s Genus Apion. 41. APION ATERRIMUM. A. atrum glabrum, coleoptris subovatis nitidiusculis atro-ceru- leis, rostro mediocri. Curculio aterrimus. Linn. Syst. Nat. Ed. 12. 607. 10. Faun. Suec. 582. Apion /Ethiops. Herbst. Natursyst. vii. 130. 21. t. 103. le 9. I. Long. Corp. 14 lin. Habitat in Sueciä, Germanià. Mus. Linn. DESCR. CORPUS aterrimum, glabrum. Carum thoracis feré latitudine, inter oculos rugulosum.. Rostrum mediocre, filiforme, pone antennas punctula- tum, apice nitidiusculum. Antenne mediocres, medi&.. Oculi subimmersi.. l Truncus punctulatus, lineolà dorsali nullà. Coleoptra subovata, nitidé nigra seu potiùs atro-cerulea, subsul- cata: sulculis concinnè: punctatis ;. interstitiis planıus-- culis. en | The label affixed to the specimen of this insect preserved in. the Linnean cabinet appears to be the hand-writing of the younger Linné ; it agrees, however, so well with the father's de- scription of his Curc. aterrimus, that I have little doubt of its. being synonymous with it. "That which Fabricius has given for C. aterrimus is a very different insect*, belonging to the Linnean. division, Longirostres femoribus dentatis, which appears to be the same with Mr. Marsham's Curc. atramentarius t. Herbst's descrip- tion of his Apion Zthiops answers to our insect in every particu- Jar. Mr. Marsham’: s Curc. aterrimus is à different spoils, which * Ent. Syst. Em. i. b. 439. 189. Syst. Eleuth, ii, 486. 295, Rhynchenus. xL. Marsh, Ent. Brit, i, 293, 163, — ges M aud I shall Mr. Kirsy on Herbst’s Genus Apion. 61 Y shall soon notice. Gmelin has omitted Apion aterrimum alto- gether. 49. APION TENUE. A. aterrimum angustum subglabrum. nitidiusculum, coleoptris oblongis, rostro mediocri.. Long. Corp. 1 lin. Habitat in. Anglia rariàs. Mus. nostr. DESCR. CORPUS tenue, nitidiusculüm, aterrimum, nigrore pube quádam parva (nisi sub lente forti vix distincte conspi- - cud) paululüm obscurato. Carur thorace pauld brevius, punctatum punctis cone fluentibus.. Rostrum mediocre, nitidum. Antenne sub- longiores, pone medium rostro insidentes. Oculi pro- minuli... Truncus cylindricus, vix capite latior, punctulatus, . puncto majori. dorsali posticè notatus: Scutellum mi- - nutissimum.. Coleoptra oblonga, striata: . striis- sub- punctatis; interstitiis planiusculis. . Li 43. APION SENICULUS. : A.atrum angustum. a a: coleoptris ovato-oblongis, rostto IONgIOEL. n | Habitat in. Anglià semel . Testu, in Suec np. Mus. nostr. . DESCR. CORPUS tenue, atrum, pis EL decum- ez ds bentib as. albidis i incanum.: CarvT thorace brevius, inter oculós vix punctatum. Ros-: trum: longius, 1 nitidum. . Antenne mediocres, pone me- dium rostri insert: er. en PS uncus 62 Mr. Kırzy on Herbsi’s Genus Apion. Truncus postict pauld latior; antic& margine ex pilis tenuissime albo, levissimé punctulatus, puncto insuper majori ante scutellum notatus, Scutellum minutissimum. Coleoptra oblongo-ovata, leniter striata: .Striis Subpunc- tatis; interstitiis planiusculis. Obs.— Alter sexus rostro mediocri. "This insect aud the preceding are very nearly Plated: but the species now described is quite hoary with down or hair; its head is shorter than. that of Apion tenue; its thorax proportionally wider, and the rostrum longer. The edy. of both is remarkably slender. S ga < ows. APION CONFLU ENS. A. atrum angustum piloso-subincanum, ‘ieopttt oblongo-ova- tis, fronte bisulco, antennis posticis, rostro mediocri. Tab. 1. fig. 15. Long. Corp. 1: lin. Habitat in Angliá semel lectum. Ex Mus. Dom. Slitishrd. DESCR. CORPUS Aum tenue, pies S ibd leviter in- canum. Capur lev iusculum, inter oculos sulculis duobns postice approximatis, vel fere in litere V figuram confluentibus profundits exaratum. Rostrum mediocre, nitidum. Antenne postice, sublongiores. Oculi prominuli. Truncus capite vix latior, leviter punctulatus, lineolä dorsali posticä exaratus. Scutellum minutum. : Coleop- tra oblongo-ovata, ubitida, striata: strüs levissime punctatis. ern = In habit this little Apion agrees with Ap. tenue and Seniculus, it is nevertheless. quite distinct from them. It was taken by my indefatigable friend, and the pleasant companion of many an entomological walk, the Rev. Revett Sheppard, F.L.S. : 45. APION Mr. Kinnv on Herbst’s Genus Apion. 63 45. APION GYLLENHALI. A. atrum subangustum piloso-obscurum, coleoptris oblongius- culis, antennis piceis, rostro longiori. Apion Pisi. Mus. Dom. Gyllenhal. Curculio flavipes 8. y. Payk. Mon. Curc. 144. 135. Attelabus flavipes £. y. Payk. Faun. Suec. iii. 182. 17. Long. Corp. 15 lin. Habitat in Sueciä, in foliis Betule alba. Dom. Paykull. Mus. D. Marsham. M*Leay. Nostr. | DESCR. CORPUS atrum, subapasstataee pilositate quidam cinerascenti obscurum. Carur valde angustum, vix rostro latius, elongatum, confluenter punctulatum, inter oculos ruguloso-striatu- lum, postice transverse elevatum. Rostrum longius, filiforme, leniter arcuatum, punctulatum, Antenne mediocres, medic, nigro-picers’ basi rufescentes. Oculi immersi. | Br | ' Truncus brevis admodum, feré cynndsicog Kae A punctatus: punctis subconfluentibus, lineolä dorsali posticé exaratus. Coleopira ex ovato oblonga, striata: striis punctatis; interstitiis planiusculis. — Var. @. Corpore minis piloso, elytris atro-czruleis. Major Gyllenhal sends me this insect for Attelabus Pisi of Fabricius, and likewise regards it as synonymous with Apion Aithiops of Herbst: yet, with all deference to the authority of so judicious and skilful an entomologist, I must venture to dis- sent from him upon this occasion, for this insect does not appear er the description of either of these authors. Fabri- cius says of his Att. Pisi * a Ze a character which will not well suit Apion Gy a, taken UT together, 64 Mr. Kırzy on Herbst's Genus: Apion. together, are oblong rather than globose, but agrees perfectly with Apion striatum, which I have given above as synonymous with it. Herbst's description of Apion ZEthiops agrees better with Apion aterrimum, to which I have referred it, than with the insect before us, for, :he says, the thorax has no impressed stria ; and, “moreover, so accurate and minute a describer would not have -overlooked the hair on the body, or the unusual colour of the an- tenne. On these accounts I have given this as a new species, and named it after the kind and liberal friend and correspondent, ‚as well as learned and experienced entomologist, who sent it me. Paykull has considered it as a variety of Apion flavipes, ex- pressing, however, a suspicion that it may be distinct: it has certainly no relation, except being of the same genus, to that species. Major Gyllenhal regards Var. 8. (which is Attel. fla- vipes y of Paykul) as Herbst’s Ap. marchicum; the insect which I have given above under that name, is more nearly re- lated to Ap. virens, which makes me consider my reference as. most correct, since Hess says that it is Macummonty like that species. 46. APION MELILOTI. ‚A. atrum subangustum, coleoptris obovatis vitidescenti-ceruleis, antennis mediis, rostro longiori. | B. Apion angustatum. Mus. Dom. Gylienhal. Long. Corp. 14 lin. Habitat in Anglie Trifolio Meliloto rariüs, B. in Suecia. Mus. nostr. — DESCR. CORPUS atrum, tenuiusculum, pllositatge de. ra- riüs conspersum. Carur vix thorace brevius, — = inter oculos . rugulosum Mr. Kırzy on Herbst's Genus Apion. 65 rugulosum foveolá nisi a latere vix conspicuà subim- pressum. Rostrum longius, filiforme, valde arcuatum, nitidum. Antenne mediocres, mediz. Oculi subpromi- nuli. TRUNCUS punctulatus, postice lineolà dorsali exaratus, Scutellum minutissimum. Coleoptra obovata, virides- ' centi-cerulea, sulcato-striata : striis punctatis ; inter- stitiis planiusculis. 3 . Var. 8 piloso-subincanum, elytris corpori concoloribus. An _ idem? | 47. APION VIOLACEUM.: A. atrum glabrum, coleoptris oblongo-obovatis violaceis, rostro brevi crassiusculo. Tab. 1. fig. 16. | _ Apion cyaneum. Herbst. Natur yst. vii. 108. 7. t. 102. f. 7—G. Arch iv. t. 24. f. 5. La 7 Curculio Fagi Var. Mus. Linn. nue | Long. Corp. 14 Tu Habitat | in Angliä, Sueciá. Apud Kesgrave prope Come in terram apud gen in Norfoleiä in Rumice lectum. ‘Mus. nostr. DESCR. CORPUS atrum, glaberrimum. CaPvuT thorace pauló brevius et angustius, inter oculos ex _ punctis confluentibus rugulosum et obsolete canali- culatum. Rostrum brevius, crassum magis quàm in — hoc genere plerumque accidit, punctulatum: apice — summo levi nitidissimo. Antenne postice, sublon- . giores: clavä admodüm crassá. Oculi subprominuli. - Truncvs cylindricus ferè, punctulatissimus, puncto in- super excavato. dorsali ante scutellum notatus. Scu- tellum minutissimum. -Coleoptra ex oblongo obovata, amcené violacea, molliuscula, ex pube parvá (nisi sub YOLC-HX. - K : lente 66 Mr. Kırsy on Herbst’s Genus Apion. lente forti haud conspicuá) obscura, sulcato-striata : striis punctatis; interstitiis convexiusculis. Herbst's Apion cyaneum appears to be a variety of this insect with blue elytra. It cannot be Attel. cyaneus of Fabricius, as . this author indeed suspects, because it wants the tubercles on the thorax, peculiar to that species; which also is clearly not Curc. cyaneus of Linné, though given as such; for two cha- racters mentioned in Faun. Suec. (581) are quite at variance with the Fabrician insect, viz. Pedes ferruginei. Scutellum punc- tum album. There is no specimen of Cure. cyaneus now in the Linnean cabinet. Apion violaceum, in that collection, is gummed upon the same paper with Apion Fagi, from which it should seem that Linné regarded it (although he no where notices it) .as a variety merely of that insect. It certainly agrees with it in habit and shape, but the different colour of the legs and elytra seems to furnish a sufficient distinction. There are no beech trees in the neighbourhood of the place where I first took it. 48. APION HYDROLAPATHI. A. atrum glabrum, coleoptris oblongo-obovatis ceruleis virides- centibusve, rostro brevi crassiusculo. Tab. 1. fig. 17. Curculio Hydrolapathi. Marsh. Ent. Brit. i. 249. 33. | Long. Corp. 143—154. : Habitat in Anglie Rumicibus Lapathis frequens. Mus. nostr. DESCR. CORPUS atrum, glaberrimum. Carvr thoracis fere longitudine et latitudine, punctatum, inter oculos ex punctis confluentibus confertim stria- tum. Rostrum, pro hoc genere, brevissimum, nec capite longius, punctulatissimum, obscurum, suprà planius- culum. Antenne pone medium rostri insert, longiores: clavä crassiusculà. Oculi subprominuli. Truncus subcylindricus confluenter punctulatissimus, lineola Mr. Kirey on Herbsis Genus Apion. 67 lineolä dorsali, postice impressiori, longitudinaliter exa- ratus. Scutellum minutissimum. Coleoptra ex oblongo obovata, cerulea aut viridescentia, nitidiuscula, stri- ata: striis punctatis ; interstitiis planiusculis. This insect is nearly related to the preceding species, but the rostrum is shorter in proportion; the thorax, instead of an im- pressed point, has a longitudinal furrow ; the elytra of the male are blue, and those of the female green; the furrows also of the elytra are more lightly drawn, with flat interstices. When I originally sent this species to Mr. Marsham, I had observed it only upon water dock; I have since taken it, and more plenti- fully, upon the common dock, so that perhaps its trivial name might better be Apion Lapathorum. A9. APION RUMICIS. A. atrum subglabrum nitidiusculum, coleoptris obovatis obtusis violaceis nigrisve, rostro mediocri. Long. Corp. 14 lin. Habitat in Angliz Rumice obtusifolio. Mus. nostr. DESCR. CORPUS atrum, subglabrum, nitidiusculum. Caput breve, punctulatum, Rostrum mediocre, punc- tulatum, crassiusculum. Antenne medie, sublongiores: clavá crassiusculà. Oculi vix prominuli. Truncus discreté punctulatus, lineolà dorsali postice exaratus. Scutellum minutum, at satis conspicuum. Coleoptra obovata, atro-violacea, obtusa, striata: striis punctatis ; interstitiis planiusculis. Var. g. Totum atrum, rostro quàm in æ crassiori et pauló breviori. K 2 ae 50. APION 68 -= Mr. Kırzy on Herbst’s Genus Apion. 50. APION AFFINE. | A. atrum glabrum nitidiusculum, coleoptris obovatis obtusis . viridescentibus, rostro breviori crassiusculo. — Long. Corp. 1, lin. Habitat in Angliá a Dom. Spence lectum. Mus. D. Spence. Nostr. DESCR. CORPUS atrum, glabrum, nitidulum. CapuT magnum satis punctulatum. Rostrum brevius, admodüm crassum, subfiliforme. Antenne medi: me- diocres; clavä crassiusculà. Oculi subprominuli. Truncus ex globoso teretiusculus, excavato-punctulatis- simus, ante scutellum puncto majori seu lineolà exa- ratus. Coleoptra ex globoso obovata, viridescentia, apice obtusa, striata: striis punctatis ; interstitiis planis. Obs.—Alter sexus rostro mediocri tenuiori. This species is closely allied to the preceding; it differs prin- cipally in size, being considerably larger; the head is bigger in proportion; the thorax inclines more to a globose form, and the elytra are of a different colour, and BOISE wider. 51. APION BREVIROSTRE. A. atrum obscurum subpilosum, coleoptris subovatis, rostro breviori crassiusculo. $ Herbst. Natursyst. vii. 130. 22. t. 103. f. 10—K ? eee Long. Corp. 12 lin. das in Angliä, Sueciä, Germanid. Mus. nostr. DESCR. CORPUS atrum obscurum, pilositate paru leviter incanum. CAPUT hunet, inter oculos ex punctis Ssn ducltibus rugulosum. Rostrum brevius, crassiusculum, punctatum, apice Mr. Krrsy on Herbsts Genus Apion. 69 apice nitidum. Antenne mediz, longiores: clavä cras- siusculà. Oculi vix prominuli. TnuNcus subcylindricus, excavato-punctatus, lincolà dorsali postice exaratus. Scutellum minutissimum. Coleopira subovata, sulcata: sulculis punctatis; inter- stitiis planiusculis. — There is considerable afiinity between the present species and that which precedes it; but it is hairy, the rostrum is shorter and thicker, and the furrows of the elytra are more deeply drawn. It was sent me by Major Gyllenhal as the Apion brevirostre of Herbst, yet it does not altogether agree with that author’s de- scription; for he says of his: * The thorax is rather broad, with- out the impressed stria. ‘The elytra have a viridi-zneous tint, and fine furrowed. stria—it is not easy to see whether they are punctured." "These characters are not to be found in our insect, in which the thorax is narrow, with an impressed stria behind. Its elytra have no viridi-zneous tint, and the punctures of the strize are sufficiently visible. | 52. APION HOOKERI. A. atrum obscuriusculum, thorace globoso. Tab. 1. fig. 18; | Long. Corp. 14 lin. Habitat in Anglia, a Dom. W. J. Hooker bis lectum. Mus. D:. Hooker. Nostr.. DESCR. CORPUS atrum, ex ion parva. haud: facilé con-- spicuá obscurum. Cav brevissimum, inter oculos. M sculum: Rostrum. mediocre, pone antennas pauló incrassatum.. Antenna mediocres, postic;. Oculi subimmersi: Truncus. globosus, punctulatissimus posticè lineolá. vix. EEE hene a * 70 Mr. Kırzy on Herbst’s Genus Apion. bene conspicuá exaratus. Coleoptra oblongiuscula, certo situ et sub luce viriditate levissimä imbuta, stri- ata: striis punctatis ; interstitiis planis. This species seems nearly related to a North American Apion, described by Herbst under the name of Apion nigrum, (Natur- syst. vii. 132. 24. t. 103. f. 11—L.) but if, by the term “ granu- lated,” he means that the thorax is covered with elevated points, his insect is materially different from ours. I am indebted to the kindness of an excellent naturalist, Mr. W. J. Hooker of Norwich, who first discovered it, for this spe- cies. Many other nondescripts have been taken by him and his brother Mr. J. Hooker, and I name this insect after them asa memorial of my sense of their ability and exertions in the service — of my favourite department in natural history. 53. APION LAVIGATUM. A. atrum keviusculum, coleoptris ovatis violaceis obsoleté stri- atis. E : = ae | Long. Corp. 1; lin. Habitat in Anglia rarissime. In arenario quodam prope Gippo- | vicum a Dom. Sheppard bis lectum. Mus. D. Sheppard. DESCR. CORPUS lanceolatum, glaberrimum, leviusculum, atrum. l Capur inter oculos striatulum: striolis 4 seu 5. Rostrum longius. Antenne longiores, postice. nitidiuscule : clavä parva admodüm. Truncus cylindricus : dorso levi; lateribus punctulatis. Pedes pilis albidis rarids adspersi. Scutellum minutissi- mum. Coleoptra obovata, amcné violacea; substriata : striis levissime impressis attamen punctatis. | ; This insect, taken only by Mr. Sheppard; is one of the most | distinctly Mr. Kirsy on Herbsts Genus Apion, 71 ~- distinctly marked, and at the same time one of the most elegant, species of the genus. It appears never to have been noticed before. 54. APION ONOPORDI. . A. atrum glabrum, coleoptris ovatis nitidé viridi-seneis cerules- centibusve, thorace scabro. Long. Corp. 12 lin. Habitat in Anglize Onopordo frequens. Mus. nostr. DESCR. CORPUS atrum, glabrum, nitidiusculum. CarvT breve, punctatum, postice elevatum, anticé de- pressum, inter oculos rugulosum seu punctatum punctis confluentibus. Rostrum mediocre, apice nitidum, pone antennas pauló incrassatum. Antenne sublongiores, postice : clavá ovatä. Oculi prominuli. Truncvs subcylindricus, punctis magnis valde excavatis confluentibus scaber, postice lineolá dorsali profundius exaratus. Scutellum minutissimum. Coleoptra ovata, vi- ridi-zeneo nitidula, sulcata: sulculis subpunctatis; in- terstitiis planiusculis. Obs.— Alt. Sex. Rostro longiori... | Var. &. Elytris viridi-czrulescentibus. y. — atro-ceeruleis. Panzer’s figure of what he gives for Attelabus Ordicia of Fa- bricius (Faun. Germ. Init. 20. t. 10.) is very similar to this in- sect; but since his is found upon Vicia Cracca and other vetches, and ours only upon Onopordum Acanthium, I imagine we mean distinct species, Sometimes the hinder part of the head is drawn into the thorax, i in which case it does not show the ele- vated part. 55. APION 12 Mr. Kirby on Herbst's Genus Apion. | 55. APION CARDUORUM. A. atrum, coleoptris ovatis obscuris viridescentibus ceruleisve, rostro basi utrinque gibbo. Tab. 1. fig. 19. Curculio Sorbi. Marsh. Ent. Brit. i. 244. 15. Curculio.cyaneus. De Geer. v. 252. 41. Attelabus æneus 6. Payk.. Faun. Suec. iii. 180, 14. Apion gibbirostre. Mus. Dom. Gyllenhal. Apion Alliarizg. Herbst. Natursyst. vii. 104. 3. t. 102. f. 3—C? Long. Corp. 1s lin. Habitat in Anglize Carduis frequens, item in Suecia. Mus. nostr. DESCR. CORPUS atrum, pilositate parva obscurum. Carvr inter oculos striato-rugulosum, fovea leviter im- pressum. Rostrum longius, punctulatum, apice nitidum, basilatius, et insuper utrinque dente brevi seu tu- berculo acutiusculo, quo insidunt antenne, munitum. Antenne longiores, posticee. Oculi subprominuli. — Truncus cylindricus, leviter punctulatus, postice lineolä dorsali exaratus. | Scutellum minutissimum.. Coleoptra oblongo-óvata, viridescentia aut cerulea, ex pilositate obscura, striata: striis punctatis ;. interstitiis plahius- culis. | j | That this is the Curculio cyaneus of De Geer, and Attelabus «neus, variety B, of Paykull, appears not only from their re- spective descriptions, but also from the circumstance of their. finding it upon the thistle; (it is the only species I find upon that plant in this country) yet is it neither Curculio cyaneus of Linné, (for reasons before assigned) nor a variety of A ttelabus «neus of Fabricius, for it is considerably smaller than the latter insect, and wants the remarkable furrow between the eyes which distinguishes it; its elytra also are of a different colour, with > punctured Mr. Kırzy on Herbst’s Genus Apion. 13 punctured stria. The Apion Herbst has given for Curculio Alli- arie Linn., comes very near to this; but he describes the furrows of the elytra as not being puncturcd, which renders his synonym dubious. 56. APION RADIOLUS. A. atrum glabrum, coleoptris ovatis acutis nigro-zneis, antennis posticis, rostro mediocri. | Curculio Radiolus. Marsh. Ent. Brit. i. 247. 25. Long. Corp. 14 lin. Habitat in Anglià. Domina Hill. Mus. Dom. Marsham. DESCR. CORPUS atrum, glabrum, radium textoris quodam- modo referens. Caror inter oculos rugulosum. Rostrum mediocre, mo- dicé crassum. Antenne postice. : Truncus levissimé punctulatus. Coleoptra ovata, acuta, nigro-enea, subsulcata: sulculis vix conspicué punc- tatis ; interstitiis convexiusculis. 57. APION OXURUM. A. atrum, coleoptris ovatis acutis ceruleis viridescentibusve, antennis posticis, rostro mediocri. Curculio aterrimus. Marsh. Ent. Brit. i. 244. 14! Long. Corp. 2 lin. Habitat in Anglix Malvis frequens. Mus. nostr. DESCR. CORPUS atrum, nitidum, PUE parva a adspersum. —— Carvr inter oidi ex punctis confluentibus rugulosum. Rostrum mediocre, nitidum, punctulatum, medio sub- attenuatum. - bw oe dpi postiete. Oculi sub- prominuli. hod ees | : VOL. IX. 3 L | — TnvxNcvs * 74 _ Mr, KirBy on Herbst’s-Genus Apion. Deonces levissim& et creberrimé punctulatus, postice lineolä dorsali exaratus. Scutellum minutissimum. Co- leoptra ovata, acuta, atro-cerulea, striata: striis sub- punctatis ; interstitiis convexiusculis. Obs.— Alter sexus variat corpore magis piloso, capite punctulato, et inter oculos insuper obsoletó canaliculato, rostro subfiliformi punc- tulis admodàm conspicuis obscurato, et, postremó, elytris virides- centibus. Mr. Marsham entertained doubts, whether this was the Cur- ' culio aterrimus of Linné: in my opinion, that which I have de- scribed above from the Linnean cabinet possesses a stronger claim to be considered as the true one ; but the description i in Fauna Suecica, unless the original specimen had existed, is too general to decide the question. Linné says, however, Elytra punctis striata, which will scarcely agree with Apion oxurum, in which the punctures in the furrows of the elytra are not easily discoverable. The term punctis striata, taken in strictness, should signify that the elytra had no furrows, but merely punc- tures arranged in lines, a circumstance observable in no insect of this genus, that I have ever examined. - 58. APION ÆN EUM. A. atrum glabrum, coleoptris ovatis acutis zneis viridescente- ceruleisve, fronte canaliculatá. _ Herbst. Natursyst. vii. 101. 1. t. 102. fa. 1—A.. Attelabus zneus. Fabr. Ent. Syst. Em. i. b. 389. 93. Syst. Eleuth. ii. 423, 917. Panz. Ent. Germ. 296. 11. Payk. e a iii. 179.314. 33 E æneus. Marsh. Ent. Brit. 1. 243. 13, p 1748. 132: Vill. Ent. Eur. i. 187. 41. iv. 267. ala Mon. Cure. 134. Var; B. * Mr. Kırzy on Herbst’s Genus Apion. T9 - | Var. £. Curculio chalceus. Marsh. Ent. Brit. i. 943. 19. Attelabus cyaneus. Panz. Faun. Germ. Init. 20. t. 19. | Long. Corp. 2 lin. Habitat in Anglie Malvis et Columniferis. Mus. nostr. -DESCR. CORPUS atrum, glaberrimum, nitidiusculum. CaPuT postice levissimum, inter oculos punctulatum, sulco intermedio profundiüs exaratum. Rostrum pauld brevius, crassiusculum, punctulatissimum, apud an- tennarum insertionem utrinque tumidulum. Antenne pauló longiores, pone medium rostro insidentes. Oculi subprominuli. Truncus leniter et creberrime punctulatus, anticé sub- marginatus, posticé lineolá ante scutellum exaratus. - Scutellum minutum. Coleoptra ovata, seneo nitidula, striata: striis impunctatis; interstitiis convexiusculis. Var. 8. Rostro breviori quam in 2, thorace posticé puncto impresso nec lineolä, elytris viridescente-czruleis. Mr. Marsham observes under his Curculio aneus, speaking of its resemblance to the preceding species (Curculio chalceus)—An species distincta? An sexüs differentia? - When we. consider that these are in almost every respect the counterparts of each other, even to the little channel drawn visibly between the cyes, differing scarcely in any thing except a slight variation in the colour of the elytra, we shall be inclined to adopt the latter opinion, especially when the following circumstance, that they feed together upon the same plants, is taken into consideration. Influenced by these reasons, I have given them as varieties. Na- riety 8 is evidently Panzer's 4 ttelabus cyaneus, who took it upon Alcea rosea, a plant upon which it abounds, as wellas on other ZUIA L2 Columnifere, 76 Mr. Kırzy on Herbst’s Genus Apion Columnifere, in our gardens. Had it the tubercles upon the thorax, I should consider it as the Attelabus cyaneus of Fabricius, to whose description in other respects it answers, and for the habitat of which he gives the mallow. 59. APION HAEMATODES. A. rufum, oculis nigris, rostro brevissimo. Siumulio coccineus., Mus. Lesk. 18. 381? Gmel. 1742. 558? 3 Long. Corp. 14—14 lin. Habitat | in Anglià. In gramine sub Ulice Europeo semel plura inveni. Mus. nostr. DESCR. CORPUS rufum, rain pile u, nisi sub lente vix conspicuis, rariüs consitum. Caput thorace vix brevius, punctulatum. Rostrum bre- vissimum, (in hoc genere) crassiusculum, punctulatum, apice nitidum. Antenne longiores, medi: : clavá ma- jusculä. Oculi nigri, prominuli. Truncus subcylindricus, leviter punctulatus, lineolä aut puncto majori nullo. Scutellum minutissimum. Cole- optra oblongiuscula, striata: striis papatetiss intersti- tiis vix striis latioribus, convexis. This species, which is noticed by Herbst as a variety of Apion rumentarium, appears nevertheless distinct from it, not only on account of differences of character, which I shall notice here- after, but also from the different situations in which they are usually found ; this, namely, upon the .ground, and the other upon the dock: such is Herbst's remark from Hedwig, which is confirmed by my own observation, for I usually find Apion hæ- matodes upon the earth; the other is common upon the dock in ‘this neighbourhood, and Mr. — finds it upon the same | pee: in Wales. 60. APION Mr. Kırzy on Herbst’s Genus Apion. 77 60. APION FRUMENTARIUM. A. sanguineum, oculis nigris, thorace subgloboso: postict ca- naliculato. Herbst. Natursyst. vii. 107. 6. t. 102. f. 6—F. Curculio frumentarius. Linn. Syst. Nat. Ed. 12. 608.15. Faun. Suec. 586. Marsh. Ent. Brit. i. 942. 11. Gmel. 1745.15. Vill. Ent. Eur.i. 177. 12. Act. Nidros. iti. 391. 10. Faun. Etrusc. 301. Helw. 301. Faun. Frid. 10,94. Payk. Mon. Curc. 130. Act. Stockh. 1750. 186. 1. Lewenh. Arc. 183. Aug. 6. p. 83. f. 1. Curculio sanguineus. De Geer. v. 251. 40. Attelabus frumentarius. Fabr. Ent. Syst. Em. i. b. 392.35. Syst. Eleuth. ii. 427. 59. Payk. Faun. Suec. iii, 177. 10. Faun. Ing. 320. Panz. Ent. Germ. 298. 24. Faun. Germ. Init. 20. t. 14. Walck. Faun. Paris. i. 237. 15. Latr. Hist. Nat. óc. xi. 90. Rhinomacer frumentarius. Ent. Helv. 109. 1. t. 13. f. 1, 2. Long. Corp. 2: lin. Habitat in Europa frequens. In frumento diutiüs asservato pes- simus. Linn. Imago in Lapathis passim obvia. Mus. nostr. DESCR. CORPUS leté sanguineum, ex pilositate quádam parva obscurum, Capur vix thorace brevius, punctulatum. Rostrum bre- vius, crassiusculum, basi punctulatum, apice leve niti- dum. Antenne longiores, pone medium rostri insert : clave articulis subdistinctis. Oculi nigri, prominuli. — Truncus subglobosus, anticé marginatus, punctulatissi- | .. mus, postice canaliculatus. Scutellum minutissimum. Coleoptra ex oblongo obovata, sulcata: sulculis punc- tatis; interstitiis convexis vix sulculis latioribus. x Var. 8. ex sanguineo flavicans. _ E This insect, although very similar to the last, differs from it insome material characters. The colour is more of a blood un e : red; 78 Mr. Krrsy on Herbst’s Genus Apion. red; the rostrum is longer in proportion; the thorax is of a dif- ferent shape, channelled behind, with a margin next the head; the clava also of the antenne is more distinctly jointed ; besides this, it is’ three times as big as the other. Fabricius, in his Systema Eleutheratorum, has placed Curculio purpureus of Linné in the synonymy of Attelabus frumentarius, regarding, I suspect, my Apion frumentarium as that insect, and Apion hematodes as the Linnean Curculio frumentarius, the for- mer being of a much brighter colour than the latter: but neither of these will agree with the term by which Linné defines the ros- trum of his C. purpureus—* longissimum,” since both of them have a very short rostrum. What the true C. pui pureus is, seems ‘not now to be known: there is no specimen of it in the Linnean | cabinet. Petivers specimen was found in England, but it does not appear to have been taken since his time. According to Linné, Apion frumentarium is very destructive, to the grain of wheat. I generally find it upon the common dock, which other entomologists have done both here and on the continent, as was observed mia the preceding species The larva and 0 may pernapa live in different situations. mm UE T NU e ADDENDUM. After the Synopsis Specierum, and nearly the whole of this paper were printed, I met with the following fine nondescript - species, which ought to follow Apion affine, n. 50. - | 61. APION LIMONII. E X c neum, suprà purpurascente-cupreum, coleoptris obi fRs, rostro crassiusculo. Tab. 1. fig. 20. : | Long. Corp. 2 lin. y. 1 lin.. .. Habitat in Angli Statices Limonii foliis. Apud-Holme-juxta iur = a . mare sr; ae a A ie - ud Mr. Kirsy on Herbst's Genus Apion. 79 mare in Norfolcià Jul. ex. et Aug. in 1807. a nobis sepius lectum. Apud Clcy in eodem com. a Dom. J. Hooker in col- libus arenosis maritimis. Mus. Dom. J. Hooker. Nostr. | DESCR. CORPUS pilis brevissimis decumbentibus, nisi ‚sub lente vix conspicuis, consitum. Carut longum satis, posticé leve cupreum, inter ers punctatum: punctis conflueritibus purpurascente-viola- ceum, subtüs eneum. Rostrum brevius, crassum, punc- tulatum, . purpurascente-violaceum, subtüs atrum gib- bum punctis excavatis utrinque notatum: disco levi. Antenne mediz, longiores, nigra. Oculi majusculi, subimmersi, nigri. 3 Truncus. ferè cylindricus, cupreo nitidulus, leviter et discreté punctulatus, postice foveolà seu puncto mag-. no excavato notatus. Pectus et Epigastrium wneo ni- tidula, punctata. Pedes reliquo corpore magis pilosi, obscuriüs purpurascente-cuprei -Coleoptra ex globoso » obovata, purpurascente-cupreo nitidula, striata: striis punctatis ; interstitiis planiusculis. ABDOMEN punctatum, obscure purpurascente-cupreum : segmento primo zneo nitidulo. Var. 8. Trunco purpurascente-cupreo. | = y. Minus, totum Pr thorace canaliculato. An ... idem? & | met with this insect in the sea marshes at Holme-juxta-mare n Norfolk (a village remarkable: for producing many scarce plants and insects) upon the leaves of Statice Limonium, when that. plant was just beginning to blossom. : Mr. J. Hooker took it upon the sand-hill§ at Cley in the same county. It is perfectly distinct from every other, and. is by far the most beautiful and | splendid pe cies of the genus that T have yet s seen. : \ — — F ADDITIONAL * 80 °°° - Mr. Kırsr on Herbst’s Genus Apion. T | | ADDITIONAL OBSERVATION UPON APION NIGRITARSE, n. 18. E 3 gh j At Hunstanton, upon the Lynn. Clifoel, I found this Bet | hazle-nut; and at Holme I met viti it upon tl hawthorn. These facts render its habitat very uncertain. The rostrum of the other sex is entirely black. Y : Apion Um Me fes x 2. Malve, — 3 3. —— vicinum, — 8 © 4, ——— csrulescens, — 10 : 5. —— subulatum, — 11 foc = i 6. —— nigritasiiy v —18 CUP M 00008. —— pallipes, . — 20 =. ug Ragi, 2... M = a 9. —— punctifrons, — 28 = 10. —— striatum, — 30 ` 11. —— ebeninum, — 34 12, —— Astragali, pa 395 v — 40 — —44 16. — ‘Spina: —7 17. —— Hydrolapathi,— 48 18. —— Hookeri, —52 . : 19. —— Carduorum, — 55 = = 20. —— Limoni | —61 ri , E uaa x ` yo 3 à - i = & ~ IT. Description of several Marine Animals found on the South Coast of Devonshire. By Rn Esq. F.L.S. Je June 18, 1805. 2 ica EE: z Zur Seren Piast Wad the honour of ndaveaat ga paper to ida Line nean Society on the subject of marine animals, much new mat- ter has occurred in that department, and I trust the description’ of some of ‘these, in addition to correct drawings, will enable those who may hereafter more immediately direct their attention to that study, to identify without doubt the objects i in question. ' Nothing can be in a greater state of confusion than many genera of the Mollusca order; and even those of the Crustacea are far from being clearly defined, although their structure. greatly conduces to that end, by their unalterable form and du- rability. For these the cabinets of'the curious may be occa- sionally consulted; but no museum can convey to the mind those distinguishing characters that form the divisions and spe- e distinctions of the former; their soft and delicate bodies = can only be preserved i in antiseptic fluids. Tn spirits, it is true, 5 = hela is preserved, but the form is usually rendered shape- ‘the colours vanish, and the membranaceous appendages, "Which constitute the principal divisional distinctions, are either entirely lost, or so contracted and distorted, that the greater part of the subjects of Helminthology, the more simple except- ed, become a chaos of undistinguishable matter. The Mollusca must be described and figured from living specimens; & and those of VOL. IX. M : | the nn 82 Mr. Montacu’s Description of several Marine Animals the marine division (which are by far the most numerous, and least known), in their own element*. Favourable as our own country is for the study of marine ani- mals, it is extraordinary that so little has been done in that branch of physiology since the writings of Ellis, who almost exclusively adopted the marine polype, aud threw more than ordinary light on that obscure subject, both as to the habitations, or coralline substances, and the animals by which they were formed. But it-is equally astonishing that this great naturalist should not have ex- tended his researches further than to zoophites, who must in his various marine excursions, while contemplating the objects of his particular inquiry in their native element, have had under his eye an inconceivable variety of other animals, which so far surpass in beauty any of the coralline Hydre, that our asto- nishment is excited at the total neglect of such unbounded animate beauty as is found to occasionally inhabit the various Sertularie, which could not but call forth wonder and admira- tion. | | Possibly, however, this eminent philosopher, bring. in ae templation the completion of that abstruse department which he had adopted, did not choose to have his course diverted by that which an enthusiast seated on his hobby might term a minor object. To our marine botanists many of the objects in question must also frequently occur, as some are by accident attached to Alec, and others feed on particular Fuci. Such as are searching for, — and deeply investigating the obscure fructification of these - plants, may be capable of forming an idea of the very extra- * The pelagic species, or those which inhabit the open sea, will quickly die in water less salt, taken at the mouths of rivers, or in estuaries communicating with fresh water. ordinary found on the South Coast of Devonshire. ` 83 ordinary conformation and splendid colouring of many of the Mollusca animals that inhabit the deep; and these, though not their primary object, must arrest their attention, and be highly gratifying to an elevated mind. To the few, therefore, who have the opportunity, Ta chance or choice, of examining these creatures in their native element, it is well known how little can be conveyed by even the most minute description, without well executed figures coloured from - life; the want of which, added to the very concise descriptive information usually given, has thrown but very obscure light on the subject, even in the zoological works of the most celebrated naturalists: the divisions are undefined by evident and distinct characteristic marks; and, what is worse, obscurity becomes more clouded by the diversity of opinion as to arrangement, which frustrates the very intention of nto and serves only to reduce method again to chaos. These considerations I must plead in excuse for the want of synonyms in some instances, perhaps, being prefixed to the sub- - jects hereafter described. As in my former paper, I have accompanied this with outlines only of the Crustacea, one or two figures excepted, where colour- ing was considered as essential. The subjects given will be found to be mostly new; amongst the Cancri, however, two or three which are common, and which have unaccountably been confounded since the writings of Lin- nus, are figured to elucidate their respective specific distinc- tions, and rescue from a state of confusion animals of very dif- ferent habits. . If in those of the Mollusca Y should have arfanged any one that may not accord with the opinion of the helminthologist, I have to plead the indivisible connection of the links in the M2 amorphose '84 Mr. Monracu’s Description of several Marine Animals amorphose subjects of this order, and the defective state of generic characters in the infantine progress of this abstruse science. Should the Society consider theii ‚fütther: discoveries of suf- ficient importance for public information through the: medium of their Transactions, it will not fail to stimulate me to a continuance of my researches in this branch of zoology; which my ‘situation affords; and which I shall have the pleasure of. submitting from time to time for its opinion. | | My object is, as far as possible to ascertain and identify siat of the zoologic subjects hitherto described are British, especially in those departments which are the least cultivated, and in Wich so much remains to be done. | tede onen . It has been doubted whether several species of the crabs de- scribed by Mr. Pennant be really distinct: as far as my own observation has gone, there appears no reason for such doubt, as almost the whole of those given in the British Zoology are in my cabinet, together with nearly an equal number of new species, or such as here never been noticed as indigenous to this country; and which remain to be added to the eajalogney of British Cancri. oe wer It may not be improper to Temarki in this ‘place, PAD in akde to show the legs of the crabs as distinctly as possible, those belong- ing to one side only have been delineated ; the arms, however, of both sides have. in general been given. ‚In these, as well as in all the other subjects, the natural size is adverted to in the descrip- tion, where such figures have been magnified ; and where no such mention is made, the figure may be considered asain senting the cn Size. ae | CRUSTACEA. ^. found on the South Coast of Devonshire. ` 85. » CRUSTACEA. |" CANCER FLORIDUS. Eod ~ Tab. II. Fig. 1. ; Cancer floridus. Linn. Syst. p. 1041. Herbst. ii. 4721.9. 120. .. Thorax smooth, indented and uneven; front slightly bilobate, sides ‚quadridentate: antenn minute: arms and hands very large, strong and rugged ; fangs large,, black, and bluntly tooth- ed: legs short, having the extreme joint covered with a thick brown pile; claws small, brown: the tail is small and narrow, composed of five joints, of which the middle one is by much the largest, the end obtuse. Length of the largest two inches; breadth two and a half. Colour purplish-brown. — : : | "A variety is marked with two chesnut spots on the thorax, one behind thé other, the first ovate, the second sub-rhomboidal. "The females are very inferior in size, and like the rest of this family may at once bé known by their superior breadth of tail, - which is formed of seven plates much ciliated with hair. < Not uncommon on some parts of the coast of Devon, under large stones, in rocky situations, at low water. This species, I believe, has never been placed in the catalogue of British Cancri; but being now discovered to be indigenous to this island, it may bé thought deserving a place amongst the literary communications of this country, notwithstanding it has been figured by Herbst. ` pancntm | Er ERS "Phis crab was once sent to me by a scientific friend as a Scotch production, with reference to tlie C: éorrugatus of Pennant; to which, however, it has but little resemblance when compared*. * Cancer corrugatus appears to be extremely rare; it has once or twice occurred, so that I can with certainty declare it to be not only distinct from this; but also from C. velutinus, with which it is most likely to be confounded; ^ ^ 7^ ^ o j xem | : have 86 Mr. Montacu’s Description of several Marine Animals I have also been informed that it has been considered as the C. orientalis, Herbst. tab. 20. fig. 117; but if carefully compared with that figure, it will be found that the thorax is not in the least like, either in shape or markings, nor has that the dentated margin: whereas Cancer floridus of the same author corresponds in all those particulars, I cannot indeed quote Gmelin for this crab with any degree of certainty, as he refers to different spe- cies that are trilobated : it is however in all probability the Can- cer floridus of Linnzus. CANCER TUMEFACTUS. Tab. II. Fig. 2 Thorax sub-rhomboidal, smooth, with a slightly reflected mar- gin, and three round tumid elevations placed triangularly: snout sub-bifid : antennz extremely small: eyes small, hidden within their receptacles: arms short, sub-angulated, the edges uneven: hand short, the outer margin carinated; claws short, toothed, the thumb moderately hooked: legs eight, short, with subulate claws. The tail of the female is very broad, and covers. the whole abdomen ; the joints are obscure, but appear to be four, slightly ridged up the middle, with a depression on each side of the ridge. Length three quarters of an inch; breadth rather more. Colour pale dull yellow. | The very great similitude in contour between this and Cancer tuberosus of the British Zoology, might readily occasion their | being confounded without comparison: indeed the laconic descrip- tion given by Pennant for his C. tuberosus might have induced one to believe that it was intended for this, had not the figure be- spoken the other. The material distinctions are, that this is smooth, of a much paler colour, and that the inequalities on the thorax found on the South Coast of Devonshire. 87 thorax are globose; whereas the other has a longitudinal angu- lated ridge, intersected by a transverse one that forms a cross*: the legs and arms of this species are shorter, and the latter more uneven; the fangs shorter, and neither turned inwards nor an- gulated as in the other: the smooth reflexed margin of the tho- rax is also a strong character in this species. Whether the C. tuberosus was originally taken at Weymouth is not mentioned ; but Mr. Pennant took his description from one in the Portland cabinet. The C. zumefactus was taken at that place by Mr. Bryer, who kindly favoured me with it. CANCER DENTICULATUS. -Tab. II. Fig. 3. "Thorax broad before, narrow behind, rugged with spines and tubercles, the margin continued in one series of sub-serrated denticulations: the front between the eyes is quinquedentate, the middle spine the longest: the sides are also quinquedentate, be- sides a small process over each eye: eyes prominent: antenne obscure: the arms not longer than the body, angulated, or ridged longitudinally, with blunt spines at the top of the mid- dle joint; fangs angulated and denticulated ; the legs are also angulated ; claws subulate: tail narrow, regularly tapering. Length three quarters of an inch; breadth rather more. | This singular species of crab was sent to me, amongst a va- riety of British Cancri, by my late worthy friend Mr. Boys, as the produce of the coast of Sandwich, The living colour could * I have taken several specimens of Cancer tuberosus of both sexes, which differ in nothing but the size of the tail; and therefore these two crabs cannot be considered as possessing only sexual distinction, == ex not 88 Mr. Mowracv’s Description of several Marine Animals not be ascertained, nor the length of the antenne, tlie pe- duncles of which only remain. l | I have since observed a specimen in the cabinet of Mr. Dono- van, which, I am assured, came from the coast of Scotland. ` fil B Eu Cancer ÁSTACUS SUBTERRANEUS. | | ‘Tab. III. Fig. 1. 2. | - Body long; thorax smooth, raised in the middle, surrounded by a sulcus ; no proboscis, but two small, sub-pellucid, move- able, angulated plates in front that cover the base of the an- tennz, through which are observed two contiguous, very minute spots, supposed to be the eyes fixed within the shell: antenne four, pedunculated, inner pair bifid, scarcely longer than the thorax; the outer pair considerably superior in length, setaceous: the body consists of six smooth, glossy joints, spreading a little in the middle; caudal fins five, broad, with a midrib, and ci- liated: one arm extremely large, smooth, and glossy, exceeding the size of the body, and nearly as long ; the first joint very small, the second broader, and sloped off on the inner side to a sub-arcuated edge, which projects into à hooked process at the articulation with the first joint; the singular conformation of this part is calculated to receive the end of the next joint when folded, as represented by fig. 2: the two extreme joints are very broad, compressed, sub-marginated, and carinated ; fangs large, the moveable one much hooked at the point, both destitute of teeth, except a few faint crenule scarcely discernible by the naked eye: the other arm is invariably small, with a plain chelate ian not of the same curious structure as the former : legs four pair, the first with a broad chelate foot; the third and fourth are some- what similar to each other, being furnished wich a simple flat =... ursute a ` found on the South Coast of Devonshire. 80 hirsute claw ; but the formation of the second pair is very singu- lar; they are of a squarish shape, much compressed, and, at the ends, furnished with hair like a brush. Length, independent of the arms, two inches. Colour, when alive, more or less orange, sometimes yellow on the sides, and on the caudal fins; the arms usually pink. . This new and curious species of crab was discovered, in dig- ging for Solen Vagina, at the depth of nearly two feet beneath the surface, on a sand bank in the estuary of Kingsbridge. It is by no means plentiful; but a sufficient number has been taken, with much trouble, to learn that the large arm is not constant to one side, nor always so very disproportionate as in that from which the figure was taken. The crustaceous covering of the body is very thin, and not far remote from membranaceous. The females, as in most of the Cancer tribe, more rarely occur: the ova of one taken were fixed - under the tail, and of a red colour. A new and singular species of Oniscus is found to inhabit the thoracic plate of this crab, and of which a figure and descrip- tion are added to this paper. CANCER ÁSTACUS STELLATUS. a Tab. III. Fig. 5. Body long, composed of six smooth joints: thorax smooth behind, the anterior part roughened with minute spines dis- - posed in longitudinal rows, and terminated by a very broad, serrated, trifid proboscis, the middle division of which is long- est: antenne four, pedunculated, the outer pair nearly as long as the body; inner pair short, bifid: eyes pedunculated, con- cealed under the proboscis: arms equal, of a moderate size; on VOL. IX. N FANG 90 Mr. Monracu’s Description of several Marine Animals the middle joint two or three small spines, and one on the joint nearest the body: hands sub-chelate, somewhat angulated by rows of tubercles beset with long hairs, armed sith a slightly hooked moveable fang, and a hooked spine in place of a fixed one, not half so long as the fang, similar to that of A. Crangon : legs eight, very hirsute, furnished each with a single claw: cau- dal fins five, the fixed one sub-bifid, lateral ones with a zen and ciliated margin. Length nearly two inches. . Colour yellowish-white, covered with minute stellated orange spots, as it appeám under a auc; which give a predominance to the last. : | This species, which, 1 am inclined to believe, is also a nonde- script, was taken with the preceding: it is more rare, but ap- pears, like that crab, to inhabit the subterraneous passages made by the Solenes. : CANCER Astacus MULTIPES. Tab. V. Fig. 3. unit fiexuosas: Mull. Zool. Dae. ii. p. 34. " 66. Prodr. p. 196. n. 2352. Body slender, incurvated, with seven joints: thorax smooth, destitute of proboscis: antenn: four, as long as the thorax, the middle pair bifid, the interior branch invariably dusky, the other white; exterior pair single, longest: anterior plates like those of the prawn, but more ciliated, the fringe pink, (Fig. 3. A.) eyes large, pedunculated: no visible arms: legs fourteen on each. side, remarkably slender, and set in a double series: caudal fins five, the middle one bifid; lateral ones greatly ciliated on the interior margin with pink. (Fig. 3. B) . — At the termination of the thorax between the Pin gri isa . large found on the South Coast of Devonshire. 91 large tumid pouch in the female, composed of two broad dia- phanous membranes that collapse. "This abdominal pouch in. the month of July was filled with minute embryo young, whose eyes, being neaily as large as their bodies, were visible through the membranous receptacle, and gave it a spotted appearance. Length an inch and a quarter. ) This is sometimes taken amongst prawns at Salcomb, and in the estuary of Kingsbridge; but never having seen any alive, I could not ascertain the colour. After passing through the operation of boiling by accident with the other species, it is of a pale colour, with some spots of dusky, particularly at the joints along the back. Both sexes are alike, except that the male is destitute of the receptacle on the abdomen. By means of the accurate pencil of Mr. Henry Boys, ie favoured me with drawings of many of the marine animals found at Sandwich, I have been able to identify this crab as 2) inhabitant also of the Kentish coast. It appears to differ from the generality of this diii of Can- cer by the manner of carrying its young ; and I suspect, if it be not viviparous like those of the division Gammarus, it retains its young for a considerable time after they are excluded; a - circumstance unusual in the lobster tribe. * CANCER ÁSTACUS GIBBOSUS. Tab. V. Fig. 4. = gee Boag slender, incurvated, with six joints: thorax smooth ; proboscis long, laterally compressed, serrated ; a small spine on each side the base of the proboscis, and another beneath each eye: antenne four, upper pair shortest, bifid; lower pair single, nearly as long as the body: two anterior ciliated |. plates CIMBP N 2 | as 92 Mr. Montacu’s Description of several Marine Animals as in the preceding species: eyes pedunculated: arms and legs scarcely definable, the anterior pair is terminated by a quadrifid .- joint, expressed at fig. 4. a; the second pair is cheleform, as at 6; the other three pair appear, when magnified, to have a toothed claw, represented at c: besides these there are two very long and slender appendages, that do not strictly appear to be legs, but seem to be auxiliary to the palpi, though they originate so far . from the mouth, for they are always placed forward towards the mouth; these are slightly chelate: the caudal fins are similar to those of the prawn, with a small spine near the end of the ex- terior pair, as at d. What at once distinguishes this from the young prawn, or from any other, is the protuberant and curved formation of the third joint of the body, at which part the posterior end, or what is usually termed the tail, makes a short tarn when doubled under the body. The colour when alive is red. Length rarely above an inch. Not unfrequently taken by dredging at Torcross. Cancer Gammarus Locusta. Tab. IV. Fig. 1. Cancer Locusta. ` Gmel. Syst. p. 2992. Turt. Linn. ii. p. 760. Oniscus Gammarellus. Pallas Misc. Zool. t. 14. f. 25. Id. Spic. Zool. 9. t. 4. f. 8. Body smooth, glossy, compressed, with fourteen joints: an- tenn: four; the lower pair longest: eyes iem fixed*: arms * Not pedunculated, or moveable, but fixed under the shell of the thorax ; a circum- stance common, J believe, to all this family. : j l four; found on the South Coast of Devonshire. 93 four; hands sub-cheleferous*, small, both pair furnished with a simple fang: legs ten, the four anterior small, the others much longer and larger, their thighs furnished with broad plates: the natatorial fins three pair, usually concealed under the tail: cau- dal fins properly five, subulate, bifid, the upper one longest ; these are more or less serrated with small spines: on each of the three extreme joints of the body is a small fasciculus of spines. Colour corneous, sometimes sub-rufous. Length an inch. This species is wholly marine, never quits the water by choice, is incapable of leaping, and seems to have very little use: of its legs out of that element; for when deprived of water it lies on its side, and endeavours to force itself along by the action of the tail.. If put into fresh water it soon dies. It isextremely com- mon on all the coasts of Britain, but has been unaccountably confounded with several other species, some of which are great- ly dissimilar, as I shall have occasion to notice hereafter. That the C. Pulex and this should have been occasionally mis- taken for each other would not have been so very extraordinary, had not their habits been so widely different, since it requires more than a cursory view to discriminate them ; there are, how-. ever, essential specific distinctions independent of size and ha- bits, which iem be noticed in their place. Cancer Gammarus Purkx. Tab. IV. Fig. 2. Cancer Pulex. Gmel. Syst. p. 1055. Turt. Linn. i ii. p. 760. Brit. Zool. iv. p. 21. No. 33. As this species is so nearly allied to C. ‘Locusta, it is necessary * A term adopted for a single fang capable of closing upon the hand, answering the purpose of a fixed claw, in contradistinction to cheleferous, or Such ; as are formed with double claws. only 94 Mr. Montacu’s Description of several Marine Animals only to point out the specific distinctions by which at all times it may readily be discriminated. It never exceeds half an inch in length: the eyes are inva- riably ovate, not lunated: the three last joints of the body are constantly smooth; and the lower pair of caudal fins are rather the longest. Besides these essential characters of distinction, it is usually more hirsute about the legs than C. Locusta; the co- lour is paler, and most times tinged with green, especially about the antenne. The C. Pulez is as incapable of living in salt water as the C. Lo- custa is in fresh, although we have the authority of Linnzus and many of his disciples to the contrary. It is also incapable of leaping, and very soon dies when taken out of water. The males of this as well as of the C. Locusta are su perior in size to the other sex, which they embrace with their arms, and hold- ing securely by fixing their claws in the joint of the thorax, swim about with them, not unfrequently on their back. The females of both these species, as well as of most, if not all, of this family appear to be viviparous, and carry their young for some time after birth about the abdomen. . It is not impossible that Cancer rubricatus, tab. 5. fig. 1. may have also been confounded with these, though inferior in size, and different in colour and form of the antennz, as will be more par- ticularized in the description of that species. CANCER GAMMARUS SALTATOR. Tab. IV. Fig. 3. Cancer Locusta. Brit. Zool. iv. p. 21. No. 34. Oniscus Locusta. Pallas ee Zool. 9. t. 4. f 7. us Zool. iL 14. fie, Bocy des sub-compressed, smooth, atic nei) iles, consisting | found on the South Coast of Devonshire. ° 95 consisting of twelve joints: antenne four, the upper pair re- markably short ; the lower extremely large, and equal in length to the body; the anterior half is composed of between thirty: and forty approximate articulations roughened with short spines, especially on the interior sides; these are usually deflected. be-. neath or along the sides of the body: eyes sub-triangular, reti- culated, fixed: mouth placed beneath, much produced, and armed with formidable toothed forceps or jaws, similar to those of the genus Locusta: palpi very large: arms two, not much larger than the hinder legs, furnished with one serrated claw, as simple in structure as those on the legs, and not capable of fold- ing upon the hand as in the two last species: the legs are twelve in number, the first pair immediately behind the arms are very small, and usually concealed under the plates of the body, so that they frequently pass unobserved; the three posterior pairs — are very strong, the upper joint broad and flat; these, as well as the arms, are serrated and roughened with short spines: caudal fins two pair, serrated, and bifid, besides a pair of short appen- dages above, arising from the extremity of the last joint of the tail. Length three quarters of an inch. ' Colour when alive corneous; when dried it becomes paler, and by exposure to the sun gains a tinge of pink; and the antenne partake of orange yellow. It is frequently found on the sea- shores, bleached white. This is the species which is found in such vast abundance on all our sandy coasts, burrowing under the various rejectamenta of the sea, devouring both animal and vegetable matter with great avidity; and in its turn is the principal food of the ringed plover, and other shore birds. It is one of those insects whose service is most apparent in contributing to the dissolution of, pu- tud matter. .. ? Edd ^U "The 96 Mr. Monracu’s Description of several Marine Animals The C. Saltator is without doubt the animal referred to by Pallas, and this confirms the opinion that Gmelin has confounded it with his Cancer Locusta, having quoted both the Oniscus Gammarellus and O. Locusta of that author for it. That it is Pennant's C. Lo- custa there can be little doubt, as he particularly mentions the quality of leaping, a power denied to the other species. Tt may be suspected that the C. Saltator is amphibious, or per- haps only sub-aquatic, residing chiefly under the moist sand, about high water mark, or concealing itself beneath the various matter ejected by the sea, not only to feed, but to avoid the powerful rays of the sun. The most cursory observer cannot have passed unnoticed the multitudes which are seen skipping about in all directions upon our sandy beaches in a summer evening. It appears very extraordinary that two insects so gently dis- similar as this and the C. Locusta should have so long been con- founded, for in neither habit nor manners do they in the least agree. Whether the greater part of these commit themselves to the deep during the colder season has not been ascertained; but as it never has occurred to me at any time of the year in the water, I am inclined to believe they burrow deep under the sand, and occasionally come up, as some are to be met with at all seasons when the weather is temperate. CANCER GAMMARUS LITTOREUS. Tab. IV. Fig. 4. Pulex marinus. Baster Op. Subs. ii. p. 31. t. 3. f. 7. 8. Body smooth, glossy, with twelve compressed joints : antenne four, the upper pair very short; the lower pair half as long as the body, the anterior half composed of between twenty and thirty found on the South Coast of Devonshire. — — 9T thirty nrinute articulations: eyes fixed, sub-orbicular, sub-angu- lated: arms two, small; hands broad, flat, ovate, sub-chelefe- rous, sub-crenated in front; fang smooth, long, hooked, closing üpon the crenated edge of the hand by the side of a blunt tooth: legs ten, the two anterior pairs slender, the others strong, and serrated with spines; the thighs laminated, the posterior pair remarkably large, and angulated in the last joint but one; the claws small: caudal fins slender, two pair jointed, bifid ; above these a small, simple, bifid appendage. Length nearly an inch. Colour, whenalive, yellowish-brown, turning a tortis torufous. This species, though not so frequent as the C. Saltator, is often- times found on our sandy shores, possessing much of the same habits as that insect, and like it is a leaper. Whether it remains on shore at all seasons is uncertain, but I suspect it is only sub- aquatic, never having taken it in the sea. The C. littoreus is doubtless the species figurcd by Bastér as above referred to, and which Gmelin has erroneously quoted for the Linnean Cancer Puler. In the general appearance, as well as habits, it approaches C. Saltator, especially in its protruded jaws, though inferior in size: the antennz are also less; but the most obvious distinguishing characters are the large subchelefe- rous hands, and angulated joints of the-posterior pair of legs. The hands of C. grossimanus most resemble those of this species ; but even in that particular there are minute distinctions, besides very material ones in other parts. CANCER GAMMARUS GROSSIMANUS Tab. IV. Fig. 5. Body very Jenda, compressed, ‘smosth, with eleven Fate: YOL. IX. o | antenn® 98 Mr. Montacu’s Description of several Marine Animals antennæ four, the upper pair longest, but shorter than the body: eyes linear; arms four, subchelate, the fore pair very small; hands indented, hirsute; hinder pair large, ovate, compressed ; fangs long and hooked, folding upon the edge of the hand, and partly received into a slight groove ciliated with hair: legs ten, the two anterior pairs small, the others much longer, with broad flat thighs: caudal fins five, bifid, the upper one longest. Length about five lines. Colour, when alive, pale-yellow, sometimes mottled with pink. The anterior arms might be considered as palpi, but are much longer than those usually are; these, however, are generally so closely folded up as frequently, in dead specimens, to evade the eye. Not uncommon on our rocky shores, in the pools left by the receding tide. Although the hands of this and of Cancer littoreus are somewhat similar, yet there is a material distinction, especially in this being destitute of the knob or blunt spine. In the joint of the wrist and other parts the specific distinction is too obvious to require entering into detail,-as a comparative view of the figures will evince. | Cancer Gammarus TALPA. Tab. IV. Fig. 6. Body with numerous joints slightly depressed : antenne four, the outer pair longest, all tufted with hair at the end: eyes small, fixed, placed immediately behind the antenne; beneath these is a small spine pointing forward: arms four, the anterior pair chelate; hands ovate; fangs plain and hooked: the second pair are of a very singular structure, the three last joints broad, flat, and pectinated on each side with long hooked spines, s some- what Found on the South Coast of Devonshire. - ": (99 what resembling the fore feet of a mole: less ten, each furnish- ed with a small subulate claw; the two posterior pairs appear to-be natatorial, and are so extremely hirsute as to be almost concealed: the tail, or posterior part of the body, is also covered so closely with hair as to render the extreme joints in- distinct; at the extremity are two long setiform appendages tufted with hair, which are capable of closing together instan- taneously. Length of the body about four lines. Colour yellowish-white : the hair and divisions between the joints partake most of the former. This very curious species of Cancer was first discovered on the large scallop, Pecten maximus, from Salcomb, but appears ex- tremely rare. ! : | ~ CANCER GAMMARUS RUBRICATUS. Tab. V. Fig. 1. Body slender, compressed, with twelve smooth joints: anten- næ four, the lower pair shortest, the upper nearly as long as the body: eyes crimson, reticulated, sub-angulated, and rather pro- truded forward between the upper and lower antenn®: arms four, similar; hands small, oblong, and sub-cheleferous ; fangs hooked : legs ten, the two anterior pairs short, the others consi- derably larger, all beset with bristles, especially at the joints : caudal fins two pairs, the last joint bifid; above these, two very short appendages. | AER opi ia Length half an inch. Colour usually reddish, or pale pink, minutely and closely - speckled with a darker shade of. the same. This species, which is not common, approaches much nearer . to. Cancer Pulex than any other: independent, however, of its kai 02 being 100 Mr. Monracu’s Description of several Marine Animals being smaller, more slender, and differing in colour and habits, it may readily be distinguished from it by the superior antenne being the longest; and from C. Locusta by the same mark, and by the short upper caudal fins or appendages, as well as by being destitute of the spines on the last joints of the tail. Cancer GAMMARUS FALCATUS. Tab. V. Fig. 2. Body slender, with twelve smooth compressed joints nearly destitute of gloss: antenna four, ciliated with hair beneath ; the lower pair extremely large, and nearly as long as the body: eyes small: arms four; hands of the hinder pair very large, ob- long, and sub-chelate, furnished with two spines on the inner edge; fangs falciform, with one tooth; the fore pair of arms and hands extremely small, scarcely visible by a common pocket lens, and might be considered as palpi, were it not for their situa- tion: legs ten, hirsute, the two anterior pairs very short, slender, and usually drawn up and concealed by the plates of the body : the other legs moderately large; thighs broad and flat: caudal fins three pairs, subulate. E Length five lines. Colour crimson, or mottled with a mixture of white; antenne marked the same. : This curious and rare species inhabits the deep, amongst Ser- tularia, and Alge, and has only been taken by dredging at Tor- CTOSS. PHALANGIUM SPINOSUM. Tab. V. Fig. 7. | Body linear: snout long cylindric deflected: no feelers: eyes four, fixed in a conical tubercle on the top of the fore part of the body found on the South Coast of Devonshire. 101 body behind the snout, placed two forward, two. backward, and appear under a microscope strongly reticulated ; the tuber- cle on which they are seated, verrucose: on the back between the hinder pair of legs is an erect cylindric tubercle, which in some point of view might be mistaken for a tail; the summit of this is furnished with two minute spines: legs long, slender, spinous. ‘The tubercle, with the eyes, is represented at fig. 7.a.; the foot at b. Length of the body a quarter of an inch. Colour rufous-brown. The female is furnished with a pair of long jointed appen- dages, which originate at the fore part of the thorax, and turn underneath, as described by the figure. The use of these antennz-like members is for holding and « car- rying about their eggs. This sexual distinction in most, if not in all, of the marine species of Phalangium does not appear to have been noticed as such ; and for want of this knowledge the same species have been differently described. ‘These female ap- pendages are very conspicuous both in Phalangium Balenarum and Grossipes, and are frequently found holding a steely. of eggs agglutinated to each. This might have been referred to P. hirtum of osi but the want of the four palpi prevents it from being placed in his di- vision ot Nymphion. "PHALANGIUM ACULEATUM. | | .... Tab. V. Fig. 8. Phalangium spinipes. Gmel. Syst. p. 2942. 16? Fabr. Fn. Gröenl. p. 232. No. 211? Turt. Linn. iii. p. 715? Body linear, with four joints like the last: snout. cylindric, | = tubular, 102 Mr. MoxTacv's Description of several Marine Animals tubular, deflected: feelers four, the upper pair chelate.; the lower pair minute, and hid beneath: eyes four, seated on a conic tubercle differing in shape from that of P. spinosum, Fig.8. c. On the posterior part of thé back is an erect tubercle similar to that on the last species; but the legs are longer in proportion, furnished with slender spines or bristles at the joints. Less than the preceding. | Colour dusky black. Possibly-this is the Gmelinian P. spinipes: if so, we are in- formed that it is found in the Norwegian Sea. Itis not of frequent occurrence on our coasts, but sufficient to know that the female is possessed of the filiform receptacles for the ova. Doctor Turton has given a species of Phalangium under the title of hirtum, without reference or synonyma, that appears only to differ from "P. spinipes in being hairy instead of spinous, and is probably the same; for the distinction between hair, bristles, and slender spines, on the limbs of these small animals, is so extremely vague, that a more minute definition of such sub- jects is required to bed enlighten the more abstruse en of na- tural history. Onıscus TEsTUDo. Tab. V. Fig. 5. Body sub-ovate, composed of eight joints rising to a ridge on the back; the plates elevated at their edges; the four first fall very low on the sides, and obscure the anterior legs: along each side of the body a row of small tubercles: the front sub-bifid : antennz four, very short, lower pair hid beneath: eyes prominent, black: posterior end obtusely pointed; caudal fins beneath, ob- scure: legs fourteen, short and trong, the three posterior pairs longest; all furnished with a simple claw. . Length found on the South Coast of Devonshire. 105 Length two lines. Colour dull red, with a white apot on the anterior part of the back, but as the insect dies this mark is lost. Rare. ONIscUS GRACILIS. Tab. V. Fig. 6. Body long, slender, sub-compressed, sub-cylindric, with eight joints terminated by five large caudal appendages truncated at their ends; these are deflected nearly at right angles with the body, the middie one fixed ; lateral ones jointed, and spread a little upwards in a semicircular form: antennz four, short: legs fourteen, the anterior pair large, with broad feet, and slightly hooked claws; the rest short and slender. > Length five lines. | An pale, clouded with rufous. Rare. Oxurscus THORACICUS. Tab. III. Fig. 3. 4. Body ovate, inequilateral, with about fifteen indistinct joints indented at the sides, the six posterior shooting into long lateral fasciculate, fleshy, ramous appendages, and the extremity furnish- ed with six simple recurved ones, two of which are larger than the rest: antennæ four, short, the outer pair longest, and only visible above: the two first joints of the body furnished with a long flat, oar-like, fleshy fin or cirrus on each side; the other joints with similar short ones: legs fourteen, very short, crooked, and con- cealed beneath : the abdominal valves are large, cover the whole under part of the body, and form a receptacle for the ova, which, in the specimens before me, is vastly distended with many thousands of a pale orange colour. : is : : Length, 104 Mr. Montacu’s Description of several Marine Animals Length, including the posterior appendages, scarcely half an inch. Colour usually orange ; lateral appendages whitish. The male is very inferior in size, of a more slender form, and destitute of the cirri on the anterior part of the body ; and those on the posterior joints are simple, not branched as in the female: in other respects they agree. * This curious species of Oniscus inhabits the thoracic plate of Cancer subterraneus, (Tab. III. fig. 1.) concealing itself between the fleshy part and the shell, and forming a tumour on one side. From this situation I have extracted it alive, and have kept it in that state for several days in a glass of sea water. In the few of that rare species of crab I have obtained, two or three of these para- sitical insects have occurred, and have always been attended by the male, who attaches himself firmly by his claws to the ventral fins, or appendages.’ As this insect seems to be possessed of little or no locomotive power, it is probable the greater part of the eggs or young must perish; for it must be in one of these states that it finds its way under the thoracic shell of the crab, and there receives that nourishment which in all probability is the only means of its existence. 'The very disproportionate size of the sexes is wisely adapted to an animal whose habitation is so confined. Owiscus SQUILLARUM. _ ` This is another parasitical species, inhabiting the same part of the prawn or pandle as the last is found to do in Cancer sub- terraneus. | The Found on the South Coast of Devonshire. 105 "^ he body is inequilaterally ovate*, composed of thirteen flat joints, the articulations forming as many scallops on the sides: antenne and eyes obscure: legs fourteen, very short, crook- ed, and usually folded up and concealed under the seven first, or anterior scallops on each side: the under part of the body between the legs is covered with broad membranes that collapse and form a receptacle for the eggs, which are extremely smali and numerous. ; Length rarely half an inch. Colour pale greenish, and glossy above; the abdominal mem- branes dark at their edges. The most incurious cannot but have noticed the tumour so common on the thorax of the prawn or shrimp during the sum- mer months, that is occasioned by the lodgement of ves animal, whose growth occasions the distortion of the shell. ‘This tumour forms a secure asylum for the protection of the more than usu- ally soft and membranaceous bodies: of these parasitical Onisci. That an insect so extremely common, and obvious to the most cursory observer, should not have found a place in the Systema Nature appears very extraordinary; and I have been induced to describe it, because it seems to have been omitted by. even the more modern systematists; or is certainly misplaced, and not where it ough: to be. The male, which has hitherto escaped observation, i is probably very minute, as in the preceding species. : * The dissimilarity in the sides of these insects is occasioned by the unequal pressure they receive from the thoracic shell of the crab; this inequilateral growth is therefore not constantly alike, but depends on the side of the thorax each individual inhabits. VOL. IX. P pe MOLLUSCA. 106 Mr. MoxTacv's Description of several Marine Animals | MOLLUSCA. Butta Hypnarrs. - Tab, VI. Fig. 1. Animal not referable tó any class in the Systema Natura. Test. Brit. p. 217. Vig. 1. fig. 2 In the Testacea Britannica the animal is described from a dead specimen ; and the figure referred to only represents the receded state of the animal previous to dissolution. Recent opportunity of examining many of the living animals of an unusually large size affords the means of correcting the mistake in describing it as being destitute of eyes: and I trust a figure taken from one in a lively and extended state will not be unacceptable, more especially as it is of singular appearance and beauty. When the animal is in motion, two black eyes on the top of the head are visible without the aid of a glass; these are sunk in small white depressions, remote from each other, but somewhat central in the shield that covers the whole anterior part: the sus- tentaculum is very large, extending behind, and on the sides, into broad finlike membranes that reflect, and almost conceal the shell; the two lateral ones turn under the shield at their an- terior edges: the posterior membrane is divided from the others; the right side of this is spread on the place where it is crawl- ing, and the left side takes a turn round the posterior end of the shell, and reflects over it. When the edges of the shield are thrown up, and open to view the space between that and the sustentaculum, on each side is observed a yellow marking in ele- gant ramifications like a feather, but not apparently detached as in the animal of Bulla plumula*. | $ * Test. Brit. Vig. 2. fig. 3» | : The found on the South Coast of Devonshire. 107 The animal when fully extended is nearly double the length of the shell: length of the specimen figured; two inches and a half; of the shell, one and a quarter. The colour is a mixture of purplish-brown, cinereous and orange, disposed in minute confluent specks, darkest on the lateral fins. DORIS LONGICORNIS. Tab. VII. Fig. 1. Body long, slender; posterior end acuminated; head rounded in front : tentacula four, of which the first pair are very long, seti- form, and extend forward ; the other pair are remote, short, and ' erect: eyes two, small and black, situated at the base of the hind- most tentacula: on the right side, near tlie eyes, isa cluster of short cirri; and at a little distance from these commence four series of longer ones, of a pink colour, spotted with white, standing transversely, and extending down the sides; these cover the mid- dle of the animal; the other parts are yellowish-white, tinged with pink about the eyes. | Length half an inch. Doris NODOSA. Tab. VII. Fig. 2. Body obovate, convex above, surrounded by a broad mem- branaceous margin: tentacula two, short, with perfoliated tips, and retractile, within depressed receptacles: on each side the back are four equidistant nodules or papilla: at the posterior end of the back are nine or ten ramous appendages: the susten- taculum is broad, bilobated in front, and acuminated be- c» ? hind : 108 Mr. Monracu’s Description of several Marine Animals p hind: from this part the membranaceous margin of the body is detached. Length half an inch. Colour white, with a tinge of pink on the back. Both this and the preceding species have but rarely occurred, and may prove to be entirely new ; at least I am unable to refer to any figure or description of them. ; | APHRODITA CLAVA. ‘ Tab. VII. Fig.3. Aphrodita squamata.. Gmel Syst. p. 3108? Brit. Zool. t. 23. c JR | Aphrodita punctata. Mull. Zool. Dan. ii. p. 25. t. 96. f. 1. Prodr. p. 218. n. 2642 ? Body with about twenty-four joints, and as many peduncles and fasciculate feet on each side; the bristles yellow: squame twelve or thirteen pair, of an ochraceous-yellow, mottled, and speckled with purplish brown, palest at their anterior margin; these usually divide down the middle of the back, but in his particular the animals of this class are variable, as much de- pends on the state of extension or contraction: along each side isa row of clavated cirri, with a slender appendage at their tips, and just below the club, marked with a brown band; these surround the animal, and might at the anterior end be mistaken for tentacula; the lateral ones originate between the scales. Length an inch and a half. Of the various species of Aphrodita which have hitherto come under inspection, this appears to be the nearest allied to 4. squa- mata; but as the greater part of them chiefly differ in less ob- vious particulars than in general appearance, they require more minute . found on the South Coast of Devonshire. | 109 minute description in order to ascertain the different species with any degree of precision. In most instances where they possess conspicuous lateral cirri, their shape will be found greatly to as- sist in discrimination. Our reference to Gmelin for this species, it must be confessed, is not without very considerable doubt, especially as he has quoted a figure in Baster not in the smallest degree like, nor is it even of this genus. But possibly our species may be the same as that described by Pennant. AMPHITRITE ÍNFUNDIBULUM. Tab. VILLE Body long; joints numerous, distant, of an orange colour an- - nulated with whitish: fasciculi very small; branchie obscure: at the base of the tentacula a scalloped membrane: tentacula two, semicircular when spread, and nearly uniting into a regular circle; these are each composed of about thirty-seven rays, con- nected by a transparent web, except at the points, which turn a little inwards; the outside of these singularly beautiful arms: is smooth, and of a purple colour, darkest at the tips of the rays; .the inside is most elegantly ciliated with two rows of fimbrize along each ray, of a chesnut colour shaded to a purple near the centre: mouth purple, the lips bordered with chesnut. This animal is capable of the most sudden contraction, from eight or ten inches in length, to three or four; it has between a hundred and fifty and a hundred and sixty joints, becoming very small at the posterior end. The case or tube formed by this species of Amphitrite is wholly gelatinous, of a very firm and elastic nature, greenish on the outside, but usually stained black by the soil they in- habit. "These cases are composed of many layers or strata, and 4 | | when LI 110 Mr. Monracu’s Description of several Marine Animals when the first coat is removed, the remaining part is quite hya- line, and the animal nearly as distinctly seen as through glass. This new and interesting species I discovered in the estuary of Kingsbridge, near the Salt stone, but not common, and only uncovered at the lowest ebb of spring tides. "The case is buried beneath the surface, and is only discoverable by a small portion above, appearing like a piece of black jelly. When the tide re- turns, the animal displays its beautiful tentacula, but rarel y ex- poses its body. Confined in a glass of sea water, it sickens in a few days; and if not changed, evacuates its tube and dies. In its native abode it recedes on the least alarm, and when the gelatinous case is taken in the hand, and the animal is extended within it, the sudden contraction within the tremulous tube produces a singular, and instantaneous, vibrative shock to the parts in contact, that, being unexpected, creates surprise. — The essential character of this species is the connected fibres of the tentacula, in which it difera from all others hitherto de- scribed, TEREBELLA TENTACULATA: Tab. VI. Fig. 2. Body long and slender, composed of more than two hundred annulations, cach furnished with two fasciculi of very minute bristles: no eyes: branchiæ obscure: from the sides i issue very long, red, capillary appendages, most numerous near the anterior end, but the point, or snout, is destitute of them, and becomes more acuminated ; the mouth is placed beneath: the posterior end is also obtusely pointed. Length eight or nine inches. The colour of the upper part is puvegreen, the under part dull orange. ` The lateral filiform appendages are continually in motion, ap- - | pearing found on the South Coast of Devonshire. 111 pearing like slender red worms contorting in all directions round the animal; after death these usually curl up, when they first become orange, and in a little time wholly lose their colour. This curious species of vermes was taken from a piece of timber that had been perfoliated by pholades, and was destitute of any natural covering. It is extremely dificult, in the present state of our imperfect knowledge of the marine Mollusca, to class many of them by the characters prescribed by even the more modern authors. That the difference in opinion as to the arrangement of such amorphose animals whose connecting links are so extremely si- milar, and appearance so variable, will scarcely ever admit of their being brought within the reasonable bounds of generic distinction, must be obvious to those who have attended more closely to the subject of helminthology: the best authors seem to confirm this opinion by their discordant arrangement. It may be doubted whether the animal in question be nearest allied to the Terebella or Nereis, or even whether it strictly be- long to either. — NEREIS PINNIGERA. Tab. VI. Fig. 3. Body long and slender, with numerous opaque white joints transversely marked with yellow, and furnished at the sides with long flat appendages that flow over the back : tentacula scarcely distinguishable, unless the longer appendages in front be such: eyes four, chocolate colour: the posterior end suddenly de- creases, and becomes very small, as if that part had been new- ly formed; a circumstance of no unreasonable conjecture, as it is well known that many of the Mollusca tribe are capable of reproduction. | Length an inch and a half. RE HOLOTHURIA 112 Mr. Monracu’s Description of several Marine Animals llorornmurıa PENTACTES, var. Tab. VII. Fig. 4. Cylindric, white, covered with a mottled film or epidermis that seems to obscure the real colour: along the body are five rows of papillz disposed in double series, that at times give it a sub- pentangular form; but shape is a vague character in many of these animals, as in this some parts are often inflated, while others are contracted. ‘The anterior end, for an inch or more, is of a purplish-brown, and furnished with eight large, and two very small contiguous, elegantly ramous tentacula of a purple - and yellow colour; the tips of all the smaller ramifications are of the latter. When the animal was alive it was observable that one of the least arms, or tentacula, was always covering the mouth, and for that purpose were alternately in motion: the space within the arms is purple; the lips or margin of the aperture white: the posterior end is furnished with a small pen-- tangular opening of a red colour, through which the water was observed to be taken in, as well as ejected. Length, when fully extended, ‘six inches; diameter er an inch. It is probably an inhabitant of the deep, as it was found on the sands at Milton, after a storm. When put into a glass of sea water it showed no signs of life for a considerable time, but was contracted, so that the tentacula, and all the anterior end coloured with purple, were drawn in and obscured. This species of Holothuria bears more affinity to H. Pentactes than to any other; yet after a careful examination of the various figures given by several authors, some doubts remain on the subject. LUCERNARIA found on the South Coast of Devonshire. 113 LuCERNARIA AURICULA. Tab. VII. Fig. 5. Lucernaria Auricula. Gmel. Syst. p. 3151. Holothuria lagenam referens, tentaculis octonis fasciculatis. Mull. Prodr. Zool. Dan. 2812. Pellucid, green, brown, purple, red, or yellow, and all the in- termediate shades in different : subjects : peduncle short, cylindric, sub-angular: arms usually eight surrounding the mouth, con- nected by a thin membrane almost to the top, the apex of each furnished with numerous short clavate appendages; between each arm on the margin of the web is a small oval reflected vesicle. Length three quarters. of an inch; expansion of the arms full as much. - * The arms of these animals are in continual motion, catching their prey, and carrying it to their mouths. Of the three known species of Lucernaria, this is the only one which has occurred on our coasts, and that not frequent; seve- ral, however, were taken together in Salcomb Bay, at an un- usually low tide, adhering to alg. The figure represents a variety with only seven arms. mH _ REFERENCES TO THE FIGURES. Tab. ll. Fig. 1. Cancer floridus. 2. tumefactus. | : I — denticulatus. Tab. IH. Fig. 1. 2. subterraneus. 3. 4. Oniscus thoracicus. E : 5. Cancer stellatus. "Ot IT. Q Tab. IV. . 114 Mr. MoxTacv's Description of several Marine Animals. ‘ Tab. IV. Fig. 1. Cancer Locusta. - : mE i Asse se 9. 3 — Pulex. * = >. VIL. Fig. 1. Dor = 5. Lucernaria Auricula. — Tab. VIII. - . Amphitrite Infundibulum. a i: = | = ELD, det € Linn, lrans. Vol I. T PLZ. Linn. Trans Vel IX. tab, 3. p.z4. ab _ eJ Linn Trans Vol. L.tab. $- p.a. Linh. Tians.Vol IX. tab. 6.p.214. > ONAA QA í Fà | Wie ; ANDA. D ) f A SER... LN Linn.Trans. Vol IX. tab.8. p.u4. (115 -) — m SEES, if ill. pu i of the Indian Badger; the Ursus indicus of Shaw's Zoology. By Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Hardwicke, F.L.S. Read Baer 5, 1805. As the descriptions of the Indien Badger given by the late ` Mr. Pennant, in his History of Guadripeds; No. 216, and by Doctor Shaw, in his General Zoology, Vol. i. page 470, are un- accompanied by figures of that animal, I beg leave to submit to the Linnean ER an accurate drawing (Tab. IX.) of a full- grown living subject, with such remarks relative to the manners of the anımal as were obtained from the natives of India, and from observation of a living one kept in my possession more than twelve months To Mr. Pennhhts description, the SN VUE remark may be added—The claws are unequal: those of the fore feet very long, and awl-shaped ; the three middle ones much longer than the two lateral; the interior toe very remote from the rest: those of the hind toes remarkably short, nearly equal, and bearing no comparison to thesstrength of the claws of the fore feet. | The subject here figured was a female: in length two feet four inches, of which the tail measured four inches. In height eleven inches. At A. is exhibited the under side of the hind foot. This animal is found in several parts of India along the courses of the Ganges and J umna, between the fortress of Chunar Ghur and Delhi: more particularly where the country is cut into ravines, and in the high banks which in many parts border those rivers. It is rarely seen by day ; but at night visits neighbouring towns and villages; inhabited by Mahomedans, and scratches up the Q2 : recently , 116 Lieut. Col. Harpwıcke’s Account of the Indian Badger. recently buried bodies of the dead, unless they are thickly co- vered with thorny bushes. The natives, when encouraged by the expectation of pur- chasers, dig these animals. out | of their subterrancous retreats, and take them: : cured, and : E themselves abou very manageable, di hide remarkably thick, : of common size. Its ge sh im any state: but it is remarkably eager after birds; and crows, which were some- times given to the badger I had domesticated, were devoured. with impatient avidity. Living rats seemed almost equally ac- ceptable: and it seldom lost the opportunity of springing upon common fowls, when they happened incautiously to be feeding within the length of its chain. It has the inclination to climb upon walls, hedges, and trees; this, however, it seems to exe- cute clumsily, but seldom falls, and will ramble securely upon every arm of a branching tree, that proves strong enough to bear its weight without much motion. „This species burrows with great facility; scratching the earth like a dog with the- fore feet, and expelling the loosened ; sc il to the distance of two or three fare backwards. I i t im it will work itself of the softness of fur. of Hindustan by the name of Beejoo. Tas. IX. represents the Ursus indies one fourth of its natural size. IV. a COH o2 IV. A Botanical Sketch if the Genus Conchium. By James Edward Smith, M.D. F.R.S. P.L.S. Read March A, 1906; Wuzx bos FS L n Holland were first examined, they presented, as I have had several occasions to remark, so much novelty and singularity to the systematic botanist, that the ut- most caution was requisite in fixing their genera, and even, in some instances, their species. The proteus-like nature of the leaves of some kinds of Mimosa, Metrosideros, Embothrium, Eri- ostemon and others, might baffle the most acute observer, and elude the most able discriminator. I am obliged | to Mr. alis- bury for first suggesting that my Metrosideros lanceo, and saligna, Trans. of Linn. Soc. v. iii. 271, 272, are: \ of one species, and that there are still more of the same in ithe gardens about London. I could scarcely have assented to this, had I not lately seen, in the greenhouse of my friend Mr. Cooper of Norwich, three plants raised from the seeds of one capsule of FREI of which any bot ni fm world, lofty science is often obliged to stoop, even on More important occasions, to the suggestions of this faithful nurse of truth. In the generic arrangement of such novel productions the greatest botanists have been most sensible of the difficulty of their task, and have proceeded with proportionate caution. Thus 118 Dr. Smitn’s Sketch of the Genus Conchium. Thus the many new kinds of Proteace«, though by the judgment of Sir Joseph Banks and Dr. Solander readily separated from Protea itself, were not rashly subdivided into too many genera, till time, and an opportunity of observing them in different states, should throw sufficient light upon the subject. Some of them indeed, constituting a clear and certain genus, were made known to the younger Linnzeus by means of plates, and dried specimens, and named by him Banksia; but a number of doubt- ful species have remained unsettled under the temporary deno- mination of false Banksie in the collections of those who had opportunities of acquiring New Holland specimens. When the very imperfect materials, from which the botanical part of Dr. White's Voyage to New South Wales was composed, were put into my hands, I had not sufficient information to se- parate these false Banksie from the true ones. I therefore follow- ed Gærtner in keeping them together, avoiding a precise defini- tion of the generic character till I had seen the flowers. Mr. Salisbury has ‚done, the same in the Prodromus of his garden, where is a more ample enumeration of species than had before appeared, but their characters are not so satisfactory as some of this writers. > vide tone P ve. . In Professor Willdenow's Species Plantarum eight species of Banksia are enumerated, which comprehend, besides the real Banksia, two other very distinct genera, Xylomelum and Con- chium, whose characters are given in the 4th volume of the Lin- nean Society’s ‘Transactions, Pp. 214, 215, and of the latter of which | shall now offer a further illustration. | The name, derived from xóyy;, a bivalve shell, was given in allusion to the peculiar form of the fruit, to which it strikingly applies. I was not then aware that, a little before my paper .was even read to the Society, this genus had been determined at E Dr. Surru's Sketch of the Genus Conchium. 119 at Gottingen by my friend Dr. Schrader, and published under the name of Hakea in his Sertum Hannoveranum, p. 27. t. 17, a name which the late Professor Cavanilles, justly regarding the right of priority, has preferred to mine. I might accede to this decision, however sorry to part with an apt and characteristie name, were I certain that Hakea were liable to no botanical ex- ception. Ihave not been able to consult Dr. Schrader, but the very last letter from my most candid and ever-lamented friend Cavanilles was decisively in favour of Conchium, which he said he should in future adopt *. fur : i I shall now proceed to define 12 species of this genus from my own observation, referring to each the synonyms of preced- ing writers, so far as it.is possible even to guess at them, and choosing the best names afforded by those writers for such spe- cies as are not altogether new. Of Mr. Donn's names I am cer- tain, having communicated them to him myself. His very use- ful work deserves every assistance. For the character of the genus Conchium I need only refer to our 4th volume above quoted. The species may be divided into 2 sections, the Ist with cylin- drical, the 2d with flat leaves; though even this striking differ- ence is not absolutely without exception, as will appear from the description of my 7th species, Conchium trifurcatum. ~ * Foliis teretibus. 1. Concurum gibbosum, foliis teretibus sub-pubescentibus fructu parüm longioribus, corollà glabra, capsulis ovato-subro- tundis gibbosis rugosis. Conchium gibbosum. Donn. Cant. 21. * M. Ventenat has also preferred this name for the genus before us, in his splendid Jardin de la Malmaison, = Banksia 120 Dr. Smiru’s Sketch of the Genus Conchium. Banksia gibbosa. White. Voy. 294. t. 22. f. 2. Willden. Sp. PL4.1.596. ^ | | ; B. pinifolia. Salisb. Prod. 51? Hakca gibbosa. Cavan. Ic. v. 6. 24. t. 534. H. pubescens. Schrad. Sert. 27° Near Port Jackson, New South Wales. Dr. White. The leaves of this species are from an inch and half to two inches long, as thick as a crow’s quill, exactly cylindrical, blunt- ish, tipped with a sharp spine; when young they are clothed with short whitish hairs, which sometimes, but not always, fall off when the leaves are very old. Young branches hairy. Flowers axillary, two or three together, white, on simple very hairy stalks. Corolla quite smooth. Capsules solitary, the size of a moderate walnut, black and rugged, very protuberant at their under side; the valves extremely thick and woody, each tipped with a short sharp point; the cavity very sniall, eccentric and uneven. Seeds with black membranous wings, resembling gauze or crape. | 2. Concutum spheroideum, folis teretibus longitudine fructüs ramisque villosis, capsulis orbiculato-depressis leeviusculis. Near Port Jackson. Dr. White. - Leaves scarcely more than an inch long, very hairy. Branches clothed with dense woolly hairs. Capsules of a rusty brown, the size of the last, but much smoother, and of a different shape, being, when viewed vertically, almost orbicular, but de- pressed, their points scarcely projecting beyond the circumfe- rence. I have seen no flowers. É 3. ConcHIUM Dr. Surrn's Sketeh of the Genus Conchium. 121 3. eier aciculare, folis teretibus glabris longitudine - fructüs, corolla glabra, —— ovato-subrotundis rugosis , 'apice productis. Conchium aciculare. Donn. Cant. 21.* Banksia tenuifolia. Salisb. Prod. 51? “Hakea sericea. Sċhrad. Sert. 27? Wear Port Jackson: bs White. 3 This is in all its.parts about half the size of C. PEPEN and the leaves are at every period of their'growth (as. far as. T have seen) quite smooth, though the flower-stalks and young branches are silky. The whole fruits is more oblong than in the two former, but its lateral protuberances a are more globose. 4. Concuroat longifolium, foliis teretibus glabris fructu. tripld | longioribus, corolla sericeo-villosá. ~ Conchium longifolium. Donn. Cant. 91. Banksia teretifolia. Salisb. Prod. 51. . Sent from Port Jackson. > Mr. Donn.. The leaves are 3 inches long, or more, spinous, as in the three foregoing, apparently always smooth. as well as the branches, but the corolla and flower-stalks are clothed, with bite; silky close-pressed, hairs, exactly as in C. pugioniforme. ae / l | | Sx uc. M. compressum, foliis feratihus glabris vix longitudine fructis, capsulis ovatis. compressis torulosis. ‘Near Port Jackson. Dr. White. > at have not seen ‘the flowers of this species. é The capsules 4 are -— _* Conchium aciculare, Viti Jard, de la Malmaison, t. 111... VOL. Fr ; R - ovate, 123 Dr. Smirn’s Sketch of the Genus Conchium, ovate, partaking but little of the globular protuberant form of those above described, and are not, more than an inch long. The leaves are scarcely so much, and are folly as slender as those of C. aciculare. 6. Coxeurvw pugioniforme, foliis teretibus glabris, corolla seri- ceo villosä, capsulis lanceolatis mucronatis basin versis muricatis. | Hakea pugioniformis. Cavan. Ic. v. 6. 24. t. 533. H. glabra. | Schrad. Sert: 27. AT: Near Port Jackson. Dr. White. ' Leaves an inch, or inch and half long, always smooth, as well as the branches. The capsules are very peculiar. The flowers and their stalks agree with those of C. longifolium, which may probably be a variety of the present species, but this can only be determined by comparing their ripe capsules, which I have never been able to do. | 7. Concutum trifurcatum, foliis teretibus trifidis: quandoque dilatatis simplicibus ellipticis planis, corolla villosa. Gathered by Mr. Menzies at King George's Sound, on the west coast of New Holland, latitude 35. This species is most remarkable for the variation in its leaves from a cylindrical to a broad flat figure, even on the same branch. In the same leaf indeed it sometimes happens that the lower half is flat, the upper cylindrical. The most general form of the leaves, however, is cylindrical, divided about half way down into three, nearly equal, spreading, spinous points. The flowers and flower-stalks are shaggy, h^ n e hairs, not silky. | | eit un E. E Foliis Dr. SuiTn's Sketch of the Genus Conchium. 193 * *. Foliis planis. 8. CoxciurvM dactyloides*, foliis obovato-oblongis mucronulatis triplinervibus venosis, capsulis ovatis acutis. Conchium nervosum. Donn. Cant. 21. Hakea dactyloides. Cavan. Ic. v. 6. 25. t. 595. Banksia dactyloides. Geærtn. v. 1. 921. t. A7. Jy.» B.oleefolia. Salisb. Prod. 54. : ! Near Port J ackson. Dr White. The leaves are flat, thick and rigid, smooth, entire, obovate, but varying in breadth and length, tapering at the base, and tipped with a short obtuse spine. They are marked with three principal nerves united above the base, the spaces between which are occupied either by transverse interbranching veins, or by other parallel nerves. Flowers small, white, very numerous, from axillary buds, in dense hairy tufts. Corolla smooth. Cap- sule ovate, acute, rugged, scarcely gibbous. == ^ 4 I should still gladly have called this C. nervosum, did I not to- tally disapprove of changing names given by good authors, un- less when positively false or bad. Gartner having seen only the capsules, could scarcely have contrived a better name than he did, and Cavanilles has given it additional authority. I have ascertained Geertner’s original name from Sir Joseph Banks’s herbarium since I suggested to Mr. Donn that of nervosum. 9. Concuium ellipticum, foliis ellipticis retusis muticis quin- quenervibus reticulato-venosis, capsulis ovatis obtusis. Brought by Mr. Menzies from King George’s Sound. _ Leaves 2: inches long and 1 broad, exactly elliptical, obtuse, * Conchium dactyloides. Ventenat Jard, de la Malmaison, t, 110. grtiiii Pare R 9 without 124 Dr. Surrn's Sketch of the Genus Conchium. without spines, entire, almost sessile, somewhat glaucous, mark- ed with five nerves which all spring from the base, and the spaces between which are beautifully reticulated with, very numerous. veins. Young branches downy. Capsule. much like the last, but more obtuse. The flowers E have not seen. qe 55 pe se 10. CONCHIUM oleifolium, foliis elliptico- Poen mucronula- tis uninervibus, capsulis ovatis gibbosis torulosis. á Near King George's Sound. Mr. Menzies. Full-grown leaves scarcely an inch and. half long, smooth and even, entire, obtuse, spinous, thick and rigid, with one. nerve which throws off a few, scarcely perceptible, simple veins, When young, the leaves and branches are silky.. Flowers smooth, in short axillary spikes, with a hairy common stalk, and smooth partial ones. Capsule ovate, gibbous on one side, and very, rugged all over. . . Am | pes mes 11. Concutum ceratophi yllum, foliis trilobis onus copsulis . ovatis compressis. da Ei XQ ax Near King George's Sound. Mr. Menzies. - PES E. = Very remarkable for its lar ge branching divarivated leaves; from 2 to 4 inches long, hard and rigid, obscurely ribbed, with all their lobes and teeth spinous. When young they ‘are silky, as well as the flowers and their stalks, with a rusty tinge. Cap- sule of a narrow ovate compressed form, its outer coat smooth, and, as far as can be judged from its present'appearance, succu- lent. SEE E RA FEIR — A . ge . à , - is e cd ldx i . 12. Concutum salignum, foliis lineari-Tanceolatis acutis muticis. uninervibus, capsulis ovatis gibbosis recurvis. .... > Conchium Dr. Smıtn’s Sketch of the Genus Conchium.: : 125 Conchium salignum. Donn. Cant. 21. Embothrium salignum. Andr. Repos. t, 215. A native dt the c near Port Jackson. It flowered at Messrs. Lee and Kennedy's in 1791, and in the conservatory of Thomas Johnes, Esq. at Hafod, in June 1798, from which last | place.I have received ripe capsules, serving to determine the genus. The leaves are 5 or 6 inches long, smooth and pliable, of a narrow lanceolate form, entire, acute, but not spinous, furnish- ed with one nerve, and a few lateral veins. Flowers small, white, smooth, in smooth axillary umbels. Capsule ovate, recurved, very gibboüs, and somewhat rugged at each side, tapering at the base. © Each of its valves is tipped. with a. lateral spine, as in several of the e species that have cylindrical. leaves. _ ii >f 94115 42109117 1 £ a A. 1&4 E xT oto: 221 I fiis = aot DUET cert , HFHS rt? jiu FE ss Si BERI D "t titt s odit so £ 2 7 P it h Fr = ref t Norwich, March.3,.1806. >.> pne #9 t víin TE aqq yi faite riodio iere d BET rti 2 Sitti [ 0j HIER i f ori 1 i » I f cs 3 í t ft Į el $} 72 f g i “5 echar ihe? I at : ATION Ti h1oflis BOE alf B GHIN SIR +3 5 ESt Facts vr ua, | $522 io weuiodgi 901 £5 ,nouUjeon vfi in N 1 ni 9G x gf feces £e % AS $ $ $5) RS 4 i P ) x ` rH oO edog J ) t + if. gy i H 1 3 y "E 7 » Fr YY T "rit port KO i eTePTDOTDI MAU EF SENT apo hazibir SRIMEBUSJ DUB B ) £449 GIO Cat d t £3 E m d e £ EP N ee Fe hOOR-IEDOSE, hisfkc!i 3G 9g4950596I ID 4 riri f V LI An E M a n E i I 2H $ V: pur monet into the Genus of the 1 pee called by Pona Abelicea cretica. By James Edward Smith, M.D. F.R. S. P.L.S. , ‚Read March 18, .1806.. Botanists in investigating the tropical climates, have found there a copious harvest of arborescent plants, whose profusion, splendour and importance have, in a great measure, diverted their attention from the more diminutive and less ostentatious tribes of vegetables. On the other hand those situated in less luxuriant regions, have, in bending the chief part of their atten- tion to the minute and intricate plants of such countries, too often slighted the apparently few and easy ones which were pre- sumed to require little scientific examination. Hence we have been made acquainted with but a small part of the mosses, lichens, or other unornamental plants of hot countries, while the trees of cold ones have experienced a similar kind of neglect. I speak, however, in general terms only; for the curious and am- ple discoveries of a Swartz and a Menzies afford an exception to the former part of my position, as the labours of an Ehrhart . do to the latter. Some allowance indeed is to be made for the difficulties of studying the species of Populus, Saliz, Betula, Ulmus, &c. arising from the different seasons of their flowering and leafing, as well as their sexual differences. On the same ground I would apologize for those naturalists who have, since the days of Pona and Clusius, visited Crete without taking any notice of their Abelicea, or Bastard Sandal-wood, a tree which ae l : | though Dr. Smirn on the Abelicea cretica of Pona. 127 though. im,some degree. an.object of commerce, seems, as far as we know, peculiar.to that, island, and. which no systematic au- in. thor, that I can find, ‚has: noticed. Those. great compilers and observers, Adanson: and Lamarck, have passed it over in silence. A, shall first, collect the slight memorials. of this tree which al- ready exist, and then add pu o I have: been able to ascertain concerning it. The earliest and most original: account of the Abelicea is REPAS: in Clusius's Historia. Plantarum, part 2, p. 302, in a letter to that great botanist from Honorio Belli, dated. Crete, October Ist, 1594, and this it is worth while to translate. . * A belicea; seeds, of which I now send, is a large dihi tree, * with abundance of branches, and. of a handsome appearance. * Its leaves are like those of the Alaternus, but rounder and * deeply serrated. . With the flowers I am: unacquainted: The * fruit is the: size. of pepper, almost round, its colour between * green and black. + The wood is-hard, with a slight degree’ of ** fragrance, insomuch that: its saw-dust resembles that of san- * dal wood, and it might properly be denominated Bastard San- * dal-wood.of Crete... This tree grows only on the highest sum- * mits of the white, mountains, and. is. used. for making beams. * I believe it'to have been unknown, to the antients, unless it * may be the Mountain Elm of Theophrastus, described in his ** 3d book, chap. 14, but the leaves are neither slightly serrated, * nor so large as.those of a pear; on. the eoe they arte * smaller. It is called, eaa." Pona, in the Italian edition of bid, Destsiptio of Mount Bal- dus, published in 1617 at Venice, p. 112, gives a wooden cut of the branches and leaves of the tree in question, which figure he received from Honorio; Belli,|;A description is annexed, very nearly agreeing word for word. with the above, but certainly not copied est Pa [IRSE t sages are interspersed ` Pona the flowers," that “the fruit as above described was un- 128 Dr. Surru's Inquiry into the Genus copied from the publication of Clusius, for the following pas- that “ he hopes another year to send ripe," and that “the wood is red.” The particular place of growth, and the reference to Theophrastus are omitted, but Pona subjoins the following information. DB T5 Tha “The trunks of this tree have been, within a short time, © brought to Italy, and bought by some persons, who sold them * for Sandal-wood. It differs, however, from the genuine wood “ of that name, especially in being less heavy.” From these writers the Abelicea found its way into Bauhin's Pinar, p. 393, by the name of Pseudosantalum Creticum, but without any new observation. The account of it, extracted from Clusius, occurs also in J. Bauhin's Historia Plantarum, v. 1. 490, without a figure, or any reference to .Ponà. In Ray's Historia Plantarum, v. ii. 1805, we find merely a transcript of J. Bauhin, with a reference to Parkinson, whose book I have - not at hand, but it can scarcely contain any further information on: this subjectss) suisioneh 9d vf [3 yim 5i bas „boas igb On turning to Theophrastus I find no reason to consider it as his ¢psmreAéa or Mountain Elm, for the only characters given of that tree, and which are quoted by Belli in the above extract, serve to prove them perfectly different plants. ‚In Tournefort's herbarium specimens of the Abelicea, with a reference to John Bauhin, are preserved, but I can find no men- tion of it either in his Voyage, his Institutiones, or his Corollarium, He probably gathered it in Crete, but did not observe the fructi- fication. | y See T ite) € iced f Specimens gathered, either by that great French botanist orothers of his time, are to be found in various collections. One of them was sent by Schreber to Linnzeus, without fructification, marked á 4 : with of the Abelicea cretica of Pona. EU. with C. Bauhin's synonym. This Linnzus never ventured to de- scribe. He had received from some other quarter an equally imperfect specimen of the tree named in the Hortus Kewensis, | Ulmus nemoralis, which bears at least a generic resemblance in habit to the Abelitea, but the leaves are twice as large, and not downy (except near the nerves) beneath. ‘These two specimens Linneus pinned together, and wrote on the last-mentioned A BCdaria, laying them both into the genus Quercus. Whether this arose from the slight resemblance between the names Abeli- cea and ABCdaria I will not venture to guess, but the latter denomination, used by Rumphius only, belongs to a Verbesina, and has no proper connection nok the plants of which I am speaking. | , : The union of these two specimens in the Linnean herbarium first led me to suspect the Abelicea might be an Ulmus, or at least next akin to that genus. Specimens of the Ulmus nemoralis, in flower and fruit, were given to the younger Linneus at Paris, by the name of Ulmus polygama, and Y think there can be no doubt of its being what Pallas has described and figured under the denomination of Rhamnus carpinifolius, Fl. Ross. v. i. t. 60, though he justly doubted whether he were right as to the genus. The fruit, indeed, in the imperfect state in which Pallas as well as Linneus had it, is not much like an DAS but it bears. less resemblance to a Rhamnus. ——— — Tn Dr. Sibthorp's herbarium I find specimens of the Abelicea, gathered by him probably in Crete, though no mark is annexed to them, nor do I discover any mention of the Abelicea among his papers. These specimens, however, are valuable for beine in fruit, and they agree in that part with the supposed Ulmus above mentioned. On these grounds I have ventured to admit | the tree in question into my Prodromus Flore Gree by the name "vor. IX. S - i of 130 Dr. Surrm on the Abelicea cretica of Pona. ‚of Ulmus? Abelicea, hoping to excite others, whenever they may have an opportunity, to examine its living fructification, as well as that of the Ulmus nemoralis. By this means their genus, which is certainly one and the same, though perhaps different from Ulmus, but which I am obliged to leave"in doubt, will be ascertained. It is thus that botanists should co-operate to bring their “lovely science” to perfection. Linnzus and other great masters have necessarily left many things imperfect and in doubt, particularly with regard to genera. These I have uni- formly lent my aid, whatever it may be, to elucidate from time to time, particularly such as concern the Flora of Britain, being, if I mistake not, the first writer among us who undertook to examine them, and who did not implicitly copy Linneus as a matter of course. I am now pursuing the same plan in the Greek Flora. Much must be left for following observers, and I have always preferred leaving things as they are, to any hasty or rash alteration. Several have taken up the same subject; none with more zeal than Mr. Salisbury, and I trust he will pursue it so as to render service to the science. The world is now in ex- pectation of a learned essay on this subject from his pen. J. E. SMITH. Norwich, March 15, 1806, VI. An ( 181 ) VI. An Inquiry into the real Daucus Gingidium of Linneus. By James Edward Smith, M.D. F.R.S. P.L.S. i r Read April 1, 1806. I wave often had occasion to remark that when Linneus adopt- ed species of plants into his systematic works on the authority of other authors, he has been peculiarly liable to error. There seems to be a fatality attending his medicinal plants, no doubt from the great difficulty of penetrating through the clouds with which ignorance, interest and fraud for the most part envelop such articles of the Materia Medica as are brought from remote countries. . Even when all these sources of delusion do not exist, bad figures and imperfect descriptions are but fallacious guides; nor is any thing but the sight of a good specimen sufficient to prevent mistakes, even in the most wary, occupied in so vast a study as botany is now. become. ‘Sometimes Linnzeus was induced by a striking figure, name or description, to attempt a characteristic definition of a plant which he had never seen. In that case he generally retained its original denomination as a specific name., Now it frequently happened, from the defects of his authorities, or a failure in his own memory, that when he saw the real plant he did not know it, and perhaps described it over again as new. His va- rious editors could scarcely detect such mistakes, and perhaps would hardly dare to suspect them. Even when he commits an error in copying a synonym, they seem afraid of correcting =: syo : Ww hat 132 - Dr. Surru's Inquiry — what is obviously wrong; or else they have been unpardonably negligent in not turning to the authors quoted, for this at least was in their power, and it is one of the things which is, of all others, most indispensable in an editor. How necessary it is with respect to the editions of Linnzeus’s works, printed and re- printed by awkward and ignorant hands in various countries, no one who has used them can be uninformed. I had abundant ex- perience of this necessity in republishing even his original Flora Lapponica, and the history of Daucus Gingidium will afford ex- amples of every thing to which I have just alluded. This plant is mentioned in the Ist edition of the Species Plan- tarum, p. 242, with the following definition. Daucus radiis in- volucri planis : laciniis recurvis, and a reference to Van Royen's Flore Leydensis Prodromus, is subjoined. There we find the same specific character, as well as the same quotations of Bauhin and Matthiolus, exceptthat Van Royen cites the large Valgrisian edition of thelatter writer, and Linneus thesmall one, not having the other. No further information is to be found in Van Royen. Linnzus quotes asynonym from Magnol,and another from Boccone's Plante Sicilie, both which appear to me very doubtful. Itis not, how- ever, necessary to scrutinize them, as the authority of this spe- cies evidently depends on the figures of Matthiolus, from which the character is in a great measure taken. Linnzus had no spe- cimen of it in his herbarium, but as he has not annexed the cross (+) to express his never having seen it, I presume he might have examined a specimen in the hands of his confidential friend Van Royen. iG In the 2d edition of the Species Plantarum, every thing is re- ated from the former, with the addition of a synonym from Tournefort, Daucus montanus lucidus, Tourn. Inst. 307, in which there i is a remarkable error, for in Tournefort it is maritimus, not 4 montanus > into the real Daucus Gingidium of Linneus. ` 133 montanus; and yet this erroneous citation is perpetuated in the Vienna edition, in Reichard, and in Willdenow. How could these able editors at the same time overlook the excellent figure of Rivinus, Staphylinus folio latiore, Riv. Pent. Irr. t. 30, which unquestionably belongs to our plant ? in: I am not acquainted with the Daucus polygamus of Gouan, Illustr. p. 9, to which the above synonyms of Boccone and Mag- nol are, now applied, but I conceive it to be very different from the Gingidium. I do not presume absolutely to decide on this question, but I beg leave to observe that Gouan seems not ac- quainted with the true Gingidium by name, for he says the figure in Boccone's Museum, t. 20, quoted under his Daucus hispanicus, agrees better with Gingidium. Now that figure is not at all like the true Gingidium, with which latter, however, Gouan's descrip- tion of his D. hispanicus so well agrees, that I am persuaded the plant he has described under this last name is truly the D. Gin- gidium of Linnzus. In his declining years Linnzus cultivated in the Upsal garden a Daucus, a specimen of which is preserved in his herbarium without any trivial name. This is described in the Supplementum under the name of lucidus, without any synonym, and said to come from Mauritania. This specimen is evidently the Gingi- dium of Matthiolus, with whose figures, in both editions, it strikingly accords, and even still better with the Linnean defini- tion of the involucrum, laciniis recurvis. This last excellent cha- racter not being well expressed in those figures, convinces me of Linnzus having originally described the Gingidium from nature. Itis remarkable that neither he nor his son should have compared this specimen with the definition or synonyms of D. Gingidium, with which it so perfectly agrees; but they were perhaps misled by a specimen in their herbarium marked Gingidium, which is really the Daucus (or more properly, as the French botanists make it, Ammi) Visnaga. ^ | s 134 Dr. SMITH'S Inquiry into the real Daucus Gingidium. As I never met with an authentic specimen of Daucus Gingi- _ dium in any herbarium, I presume the above detail may not be useless. It shows how much attention is necessary to avoid error in botanical synonyms, and how essential it is, in all difi- cult cases, to trace the history of a plant to its sources, I be- lieve there is scarcely a genus, among the umbelliferous plants in particular, which would not afford matter for several such disquisitions as the present. J. E. SMITH. Norwich, March 25, 1806. ; : a VII. De- 4 ( 195 ) VII. Descriptions ; Eight New British Lichens., By Dawson Turner, Esq. F.R.S. A.S. and L.S. Read June 3, 1806. Iw submitting to the Linnean Society descriptions of the eight following Lichens, I feel it necessary to preface my observations upon their individual characters, by briefly alluding to the changes which have been effected in the study of thesia plants subsequently to the time when I wrote the paper upon a similar subject, which the Society did me the honour of inserting in the seventh volume of their Transactions. It can scarcely be necessary to mention that the changes to which I refer are those intro- duce by Dr. Acharius in his Methodus Lichenum, a work which may in my opinion be regarded as tending most essentially to facilitate the study of this obscure, yet beautiful and interesting tribe of vegetables, as laying the foundation for enabling us to prosecute the investigation of them upon solid principles, and as having thrown more light upon their real nature and physio~ logy, than could reasonably be expected in the present imper- fect state of our acquaintance with the subject. The genera established by this able author aré already almost universally re- ceived among the botanists of neighbouring countries; and it is with peculiar satisfaction that, convinced myself by experience of their excellence as well as of the necessity of employing them, . lavail myself of an opportunity of directing towards them the attention of the naturalists of Britain. lt is by no means my TT ix intention. 136 Mr. Turnen’s Descriptions of Eight New British Lichens. intention here to enter into an enumeration of the various at- tempts which had previously been made to subdivide the vast tribe of Lichens, or even to offer any observations upon the Acharian system, further than may be called forth by the parti- cular individuals which I am about to describe. Such inquiries, however interesting to myself, would lead me into a field far too wide for my present object; and, as in describing the plants themselves I shall have occasion to give the definitions of the genera to which they belong, I will merely add, that I trust I shall not be accused of presumption or of an idle itch for innova- tion, in being the first who ventures to use in Britain a new ar- rangement of these plants. No one is more deeply impressed with a sense of the necessity of rigidly abstaining from all use- less alteration of names, or multiplication of synonymy. Our botanical nomenclature is already so extensive and intricate as to be perplexing to all, even to those most cenversant with the subject, and to deter many from joining us in the prosecution of the science; yet considerations of this nature must not be allow- ed to be carried too far. Every branch of human knowledge re- quires in proportion to its development an extension of its tech- nical terms, without which its progress would effectually be - checked. Had this been denied, the discoveries of Linn&us or of Hedwig themselves had been nipped in the bud; and J must be allowed to state it as my opinion, that many of the alterations proposed by Dr. Acharius in the nomenclature of the Lichens, however troublesome it may be to us at present to ur we have long since learned, will be found. ‘not less important in extending the knowledge of these plants than his new system. Upon the propriety, or rather the necessity, of subdividing the numerous vegetables now arranged under the one vast genus, u and I believe all botahiits, who have bestowed upon = the Linn Irans Vot. tab,te.p.137. Mr. Turner's Descriptions of Eight New British Lichens. 137 the subject an attention the most superficial, to be so fully agreed, that there is no occasion for a single argument to be employed: were any: necessary; the most substantial one would be found in the number of Dritish species, which is already known to amount to 350, Ww | ph is. » almost daily i increasing, and which comprehends Fach ibe vx | ure the most dissimi- lar to each other. — Itonly remains for me, theref 2, to express . my obligations to my friend Ale Bo er, p h » s furnished me with the malena of the > present per, s appli d ‚himself of the indi genous Lichens 3 | e , zeal an Tucosä E PA » RR cine~ »- rascente ; pectus easet albis multipunctatis ; pro- pagulis quit cosa, xd in à ; ri A difiracta, midefilid « e griseo vi- rescens, siccata alba, nitoris semper expers. Soredia satis frequentia, hemispheerica, margine, ut in Par- meliis, a crustà formato, . disco. in slipe, uniore albissimo, i m- adultiore griseo ; soredia oculo > qu VOL. IX. à 198 Mr>Turnenr’s Descriptions of Eight New British Lichens, rent, quod, si per lentem conspiciantur, e discis plurimis in eodem apothecio nidulantibus pendere cernes. Substantia primó membranacea, mox tartarea. In the Methodus Lichenum there is, perhaps, no genus of which the fructification is so unsatisfactorily explained as that of Variolaria, nor any term which is used so indefinitely as that of Soredia, applied by the learned author to the receptacles of this tribe. Upon this subject I should have been tempted here to have transmitted some observations, had not Dr. Acharius himself lately apprised me, that in his Lichenographia universalis, now just ready for the press, the true apothecia* of these plants will be carefully described, and the whole character of the ge- nus revised and amended. l therefore leave the subject to his more able hands, confining my remarks to the present and. fol- lowing species. Variolaria multipuncta is found by Mr. Borrer in abundance upon the younger branches of the Beech in Sus- sex, but I have never received it from any other quarter: it is not only a very beautiful, but a curious and interesting species, showing the transition of nature from these plants to the Thelo- tremata, its receptacle, which, viewed by the naked eye, ap- pears only pitted on the surface, being in reality common to two or three pale waxy disks, in which circumstance, I believe, it dif- fers from every other species already known. The old apothecia have greatly the appearance of the shields of a Parmelia, and in these the surface of the disk is dark gray, the margin being of the colour, as well as the substance, of the crust, and inflex- ed. The erust is white within, except that it has a thin layer * Tam aware that Acharius, in his Methodus, denies Apothecia to the Variolarie ; but in a letter which I lately received from him, he admits their existence; and. I have therefore not hesitated here to employ the term, of Mr. Turwen’s Descriptions of Eight New British Lichens. 139 of green immediately beneath the surface. It is. wholly desti- tute of that intensely bitter taste which prevails in V. faginea, and which, as Mr. Borrer has most justly observed, will always serve to distinguish that plant from all the varieties. of V. dis- coidea. : VARIOLARIA GLOBULIFERA. Variolaria, crustà tartareà effusà glaucescente; sorediis sphaericis clausis, mox apice dehiscentibus; propagulis niveis. Tan. X. Fig. 2 On the bark of beech, and sometimes of oak, in Sussex, scarce. Mr. Borrer. Alga arborea, crustacea, absque ullo ordine effusa, latitudine palmaris, et ultra. Crusta crassiuscula, sub-zqualis, continua, levis, sed hic illc pulvere alb@ quasi per crustam erumpente, perfusa, qui interdum ita copiosus, ut tota planta pulverulenta evadat, co- lore e glauco albicante in stirpe cum madefactà tum siccá eodem. Soredia nequaquam frequentia, spheerica, pisi sativi seminis fer’ magnitudine, margine crustz concolore, et quasi ab illâ formato, centro depressa, impressione principio parvá, et mem- brand tenui obtectä, mox se dilatante, et demum dehiscente unde propagula nivea elabuntur: in soredio dissecto discus in- tensé viridis, tenuis, propagulis undequaque cinctus se conspi- ciendum prebet. Substantia tartarea. The unequal and, filmy, yet tartareous crust of this Lichen spreads widely over the bark, breaking forth every where into T2 powdery, 140. Mr. Turnxer’s Descriptions of Eight New British Lichens. powdery, or rather granulated warts, which soon become con- fluent, and not unfrequently cover the whole surface. The true fructification, which is very sparingly produced, is widely different from these, or indeed from the fruit of any other Va- riolaria at present described ; so that the plant might, before it is accurately examined, be regarded as constituting a new ge- nus. It consists of smooth white globules, bearing ‘cohsidemable resemblance to some of the smaller Lycoperdons, nearly equal in size to a common pea, at first perfectly s] spl pace! and closed, but soon discovering an impression in the centre thin membrane, which gradually enlarges, till at length it bursts, and t the Pro, a falling out, leave the appearance of a 'av la, mot unlike that of Lichen spongi, Mr. Borre ; un this Mast that it has ae supposed to be the perfect state of V. faginea, and is scarcely distinguish- able from that species, except by its wholly gjanting the bitter taste, and by its remarkable receptacles, which are by no means | generally produced. He adds that he has reason to believe that which are perhaps thep 'o J the contents of the powe to gemme. £ Lecidea, crustà effusa glebu ] j"ümbricatà albo-cinereá ; patellulis nigris concavis. p "Tas. XI. Fig. o | On old y ; generally upon moss or mortar, in Sussex. Mr. Borrer. A Bury. Rev. G. R. Leathes. = rg and - Yarmouth, "plentiful. $ EN 4 | ‘Alga Linn. Trans. Vol IX tab p.14o. Mr. Torner’s Descriptions of Eight New British Lichens. 141 Alga crustacea, muralis, effusa, Crusta in pulvinulum inflata, pollicem circiter diametro, e gle- bulis tota constans: glebulæ approximate, vix conjuncte, in- terdum laxé imbricatæ, papaveris semine majores, compress:, orbiculares, vel margine irregulariter lobatz; recentes æquè ac desiccate albz, aut cinerex, interdum viridescentes. Patellule per totam crastam absque ordine sparse, frequentes, nec raró coacervate, nigre, ortu et siccitate concave, margine concolore, crasso, elevato, adulte hemispherice et. marginis expertes, orbiculares vel per mutuam pressionem angulose. Substantia tartarea, in siccá fragilis. The most striking peculiarity of this Lichen must certainly be considered the delicious and highly aromatic fragrance which both the crust and shields, but especially the former, give out - when rubbed between the fingers in a recent state, and which, though in a less degree, the plant often retains for some years. In this circumstance I am not aware that any British Lichen re- sembles it, excepting only Lecidea ceruleo-nigricans, in which a similar smell may sometimes, but by no means always, be per- ceived. Lecidea aromatica belongs to so intricate and embarrass- ing a subdivision of the genus, that, in spite of the peculiarity just mentioned, which I have always found constant, I should scarcely have ventured to propose it as a new species, had I not in support of my own opinion the sanction of Dr. Acharius, Dr. Swartz, and Mr. Borrer, the two former of whom consider it distinct from any with which they are acquainted, and the latter has been in the habit of observing it for many years, du- ring which he has never found it liable to variation. Its closest natural affinities are with Lecidea atro-alba and L. ceruleo-nigri- cans, between which it stands almost intermediate: of these the first 142 Mr. Turnen’s Descriptions of Eight New British Lichens. first differs in being at its origin formed of a thin black crust, on which the white glebules and’ black shields afterwards arise; never, as far as I have seen, covering it, but giving the whole plant a singularly varied appearance; while in L. c@ruleo-nigri- cans the glebules are always much larger, inflated, and wearing a pruinose appearance, of which I never saw any traces in L. aromatica. From L. parasema and all its affinities the widely different crust and habit effectually remove it. N LECIDEA ATRO-FLAVA. Lecidea crustä effusà tenui membranaceá sub-granulosä atrá; patellulis concavis flavis, margine integro elevato dilutiore. : Tas. XI. Fig. 2. | . On flints upon the Downs about Brighton. Mr. Borrer. Heaths near Bury. Rev. G. R. Leathes. Alga saxatilis, crustacea, effusa. Crusta tenuissima, continua, levis, in planta vetustd sæpe hic illic preesertim centrum versus leniter granulosa, absque ordine effusa, sed non raró ambitu pulcherrimé fibrillosa, madefacta æquè ac siccata aira, aut atro-fusca, nitoris omninó expers. Patellule frequentes, orbiculares, exigue, juniores excavate, et margine crassiusculo tumente inflexo propemodim clause; in adultioribus discus explanatur, convexus, vel planiusculus, . sed margo semper elevatus, integerrimus; color disci madefacti aurantiacus, subdiaphanus, ewsiccati lætè flavus, marginis sem- per dilutior. Substantia membranacea. The brilliant yellow shields of this Lichen form so lively a contrast with the dull black crust, that it deserves to be reckon- 6 3 | ed Linn. Trans. Vol ZX. tab. z2. p.243. Mr. Turwer’s Descriptions of Eight New British Lichens. 143 ed among our most beautiful British species. I received it many years ago from Spain upon the young shoots of smooth- barked trees, ; but it appears to have been found in England only upon the bare surface of flints, over which. it spreads. in patches of most irregular form and size, bearing in its more early stage, before the shinide are yet visible, the img ‚tesemblance- to Verrucaria umbrina. It needs. carcel. even substance upon which he ause. of i not un- frequently occurring with : t border composed of the | most minute glossy parallel eS, t ig common to many other crustaceous Lichens ui imilar circumstances, I ‘apprehend that the cause of Lecidea atro »-flava's having so long escaped notice, must depend either upon its being a very un- common species, or upon its being overlooked as a variety of Lecidea cinereo-fusca*, with which it frequently grows intermix- ed; but from which it may at all times and at first sight be distinguished, not only. by the colour and nature of the crust, but by the shields, w wl ich are in the one remarkably : vivid, and in the other no less remarkably dull. I am not aware that there is any other Lecidea to which the present approaches so nearly as to make it necessary particularly to point out the essential charac- ters that discriminate them. | ; i PLIA VELATA. - Parmelia crust a7 embranaceo-verrucosà rugulosá albicante ; scutell wis” Con pati, disco plano flavicante membrana ObÍeClon.. Qual Tan xir. fig. 1. On ash trees in Sussex; rare. Mr. Borrer, _ 144 Mr. Turner’s Descriptions of Eight New British Lichens. Alga arborea, irregularitér orbicularis, diametro bi-tri-polli- caris, interdum semipedalis. | | Crusta ambitu obsolete zonato-limitata, membranacea, tenuis-. sima, levis, in stirpe adultiore centrum versus crassior, sub- verrucosa, et leviter rugosa. Scutelle ita copiose ut non raró crustam feré totam occupant, congeste, exigua, et papaveris semine vix majores, orbiculares, sed mutuä pressione interdüm angulosc, margine cruste conco- lore, crassiusculo, integerrimo, vix, aut ne vix, elevato, disco semper plano, membrana tenuissima, ejusdem quá margo sub- stantiz, et quasi ab illo ortä, obtecto, unde stirpi Lecidee facies, intus pulchre flavicante. Color crust: albus, glaucescentiá tinctus, sine nitore, in planta. siccä et madefactä idem. ! - Substantia e membranaceo tartarea. _ The scutella in this Lichen are very remarkable, the mem- brane that covers the disk being to all appearance of the same substance as the margin, and a continuation of it, so that they have altogether the look of the patellule of a Lecidea. The edge of the crust is not composed of minute parallel fibres, as in Lecidea atro-flava and many of the species growing on stone, but rather resembles that of some Variolarie or of Isidium coccodes, being extremely thin, silky, and obsoletely zoned. " The situa- tion of Parmelia velata is between P. albella and parella, to the latter of which it is by far most nearly allied, indeed so nearly, that, though I have the sanction of Dr. Acharius and Mr. Borrer for thinking them distinct, and though I have myself gathered them in plenty in Sussex, without perceiving any immediate gra- - dation, I would not be understood as speaking without much diffidence upon the subject. P. velata is distinguishable from P. albella Mr. Turner's Descriptions of Eight New British Lichens. 145 P. albella by its minute clustered shields, never dilating, as in that species, by their thick not elevated margin, and by the colour of their disk, which, however, is not discernible except the plant is injured: From P. parella it also differs in the size of the shields, and ‘their never spreading, as well as the thick- ness of the arom, and its not rising above the disk. ! lig ei 9 -PARMELIA CARNEO-LUTEA.: P. crustä a tenuissimä effusä alba ; scutellis EK mersis planiusculis luteis, {read margine involvente lacero fere clausis. : m edi di ORE XIL Fig. 9. d "On the bark of old- elms-about Lewes, Albourne; s Souihick and Faser in Sussex. Mr. Borrer. | Er i3- 73° X I ii (alae: rici ER. lat? et absque. alle: a bam, i _ Çrusta'tenuissima, ut oculo jinermi tantùm macula alba ap- pareat, vqualis, leyigata, continua, madefacía, que ac | sicca, alba, nitida. ; E: ...Scutelle frequentes, nec. rarò epaplamerstes, EEE per- quam,exigua ; sub-immersz, disco planiusculo, in vetustis con- vexo, margine eruste concolore, elevato, scutellas juniores in- volvente, et propemodüm claudente, mox lacero, et. »tate, ut videtur, detrito, et crenulato; disci madefacti color: pallidé lu- teus, exsiccati corneus. | Substantia membranacea. The crust of this Lichen is so RER thin, that its ap- pearance at first sight is nothing more than that of an unusually "VOL. IX. ao bare 146 Mr. Turner’s Descriptions of Eight New British Lichens. bare and smooth part of the tree: nor can its fructification be discovered without attentive examination ; for even the shields are by no means of a nature, either from their colour or size, to strike a cursory observer. Mr. Borrer, therefore, suspects, and, as it seems, not without reason, that the gray tinge frequently observable on the bark of old elms belongs in reality to this plant, though neither he nor I were ever able to detect any fruit beyond the borders of Sussex. The nature of the shields is so peculiar, that a few remarks with respect to these is all that it can be necessary to say for the purpose of effectually discrimi- nating this Lichen from its congeners. ‘They are very different from those of any other Parmelia, and more resemble the apothe- cia of Urceolaria exanthematica, being almost wholly immersed in the crust, and in their first stage enveloped by the margin, which soon splits into different segments, though not with the regularity observable in. that plant, disclosing the flat, yellow- ish, or flesh-coloured disk. In the older shields the margin be- comes worn down, so as to be level with the disk, and is in this state thick, obtuse, uneven, and crenulated; it is also some- times quite obliterated. The place to be assigned to P. carneo- lutea in the Methodus Lichenum is that immediately following P. rubra, from which it is distinguishable by the smoother crust, the colour of the disk of the shields, their immersed situation, and their margin; or, when this is worn away, by t the disk being by no means concave, but flat, or slightly pres, with a slight- ly guepobe whitish edge. PARMELIA CLEMENTI. Par melia thallo crustaceo- membranaceo orbiculari redio al- =-:bido, Linn. Trans. Vol. IX. tab.13.P.117. Mr. Turner’ Descriptions of Eight New British Lichens. 147 bido, margine lobato, lobis dilatatis brevibus multifidis; scu- tellis atro-lividis, margine inflexo albo. On trees, an About ; an Alga arborea, foliacea, orbiculari Thallus arboribus arcté appressus, c« sorediis copiosissime erumpentibus } ulve er spersus, néc rard obtectus, ambitu foliac i Tobis f per i dilatatis, multifidis, obtusis, vix, aut (vix, im- SiS, a ER pari ac wu js sub- . catus lee: crenulatus. It is now many years since I received specimens of this very P atr này fairly be pado. to be 5 em | 0 seed gets species not an; we y is only from th Rent i deem 148 Mr. Turver’s Descriptions of Ei&ht New British Lichens. powder of the soredia, which sometimes ‘wholly cover it. It is quite undivided, and has the appearance of a crustaceous Lichen, except immediately at the circumference, never show- ing towards the centre the slightest tendency to become lobed, so that its place among the Acharian subdivisions of Placodium or Circinaria may be considered somewhat doubtful : but, as its nearest affinity is unquestionably with Parmelia stel- laris, I should have no difficulty in assigning it a place near that species. From this, however, and from all others, the description already given will, I trust, always be sufficient to distinguish it. 'The smallest figure represents a Spanish specimen. PARMELIA Borrert. " Parmelia thallo membranaceo stellato dilutissimé viridi ONE subtus badio fibrilloso; sorediis albis sparsis; laciniis sinuato- lobatis sub-imbricatis margine rotundatis. | Tas. XIH. Fig. 2. abc On trunks of trees, especially fruit-trees, in Sussex ; not un- common. hale Borrer. About Norwich, Coltishall, and Acle. Thallus aug semper, Son adhuc vidi. Paul i in for- mam. expansus, lobatus, lobis. distinctis, raró. sibi. incumbenti- bus, vix unquam (ut in P. savatili) ad centrum divisis, sinuatis, : dilatatis, semper margine rotundatis; thallus arbori, cui innasci- tur, arcté appressus, marginibus tantüm liberis et erectiusculis, superne: glaber, æqualis; neutiquam reticulatus. vel lacunosus, et in omni etatis gradu. sorediis exiguis, albis, orbicularibus, per superficiem ubique sine ordine erümpentibus, copiose notatus, inferné nitidus, fibris nigris, sparsis, raris obsiteed © color tl dli «" fuos | | : recentis Mr. TURNER'S Descriptions of Eight New British Lichens. 149 recentis superne tenerrimé viridis, non sine flavedine, siccati ci- nereo-glaucescens, inferné dilute fusco-badius. Scutelle visu perraree, thalli in centro proveniunt, orbiculares, sessiles, Vicie sative seminis magnitudine, disco badio, margine thallo concolore, semper, vel in junioribus, inflexo, in vetustis crenulato. Substantia membranacea, tenuis. : . This Lichen, which, though sufficiently plentiful in many parts of Britain, does not appear to have been noticed by any author, was first pointed out to.me by my friend Mr. Borrer, after whom I have taken the liberty of naming it. I have lately sent it to Dr. Acharius and Dr. Swartz, both of whom acknow- ledge it altogether new to them, and a very distinct species. Its appearance is between that of P. saratilis and P. tiliacea, but most nearly allied to the former of these plants, from which, especially in a dry state, it sometimes requires careful observa- tion to distinguish them. "They generally grow intermixed to- gether, and, when fresh, may be known by their colour, which in P. Borreri inclines to a greenish yellow, whereas saratilis constantly has a dull leaden hue. The under side of P. Borreri is always much more pale, and but thinly scattered over with those black fibres with which P. sazatilis is constantly villous; its mode of growth i is in every stage more regularly orbicular, and more closely pressed to the tree on which it grows; the lobes are seldom divided above half way to the centre, and are regu- larly dilated with rounded apices, instead of being throughout linear and truncated: but what makes the essential character of discrimination between them is, that the thallus of P. Bor- reri is every where even, and destitute of those elevated veins SO remarkable and so constant in P. sazatilis; and that the - sore did, which in this species are pinced upon these veins, as if : from 150 Mr. Tunnen’s Descriptions of Eight New British Lichens. from their naturally bursting, and which are often confluent to. some length, are in P. Borreri scattered without order over the whole plant, and sometimes in old specimens so numerous as to cover the whole of it except the tips. The fruit in both is alike, but is produced still more sparingly upon P. Borreri than on P. saratilis. P. Borreri belongs to that division. of the genus Parmelia, which Acharius ka his Methodus has called Circinaria, and must be placed between P. saxatilis and conspersa. - in | VIII. ‘An ( 151) VIII. An Illustration of the Species of Lycium which grow wild di the Cape of Good Hope. By Sir Charles Peter Thunberg, Knight of the Order of Wasa, Professor of Botany at Up- sal, F. M.L.S. Read June 17, 1806. Lycivm ad illas plantas, quee latius territorium occupant, que diversa climata ferunt, qu in utroque hemispheerio telluris in- vente sunt, referendum erit. In Europa boreali et australi, in Siberia, in Africz variis angulis inque America meridionali spe- cies hujus variz læte crescunt et florent. Facile quidem genus hocce a congeneribus Pentandris distingui videtur corolla impri- mis tubulosa fauce intus barbata, atque fructu baccato. Sed . variare non raro solet staminibus quatuor, corolla et calyce quadrifidis. Praeterea etiam Serissa ab hoc ipso genere divulsa nimis consimilis est, sic ut cum Lycio affinitate summa’ jungatur. Cum vero mihi, sub meis in australi Africa itineribus plures Lycii species detegere, et ante detectas ulterius examinare licuerit, in animum induxi, hasce species fusius descriptas et novarum specierum icones pictas illustri Societati Linnzan» offerre ejusque examini subjicere. Serissa fetida imprimis fructu infero dispermo a Lycio di- stincta describitur; hic vero character valde dubius a me in Flora Japonica reputatus fuit, quare ego Lycium japonicum appellavi, Linné junior Lycium fetidum, et Retzius Lycium indicum. Hæc tamen nota illust. Heretier satis sufficiens fuit | ad 152 Sir C. P. Tuunsenc’s Illustration of the Species of Lycium ad novum genus, Buchozia coprosmoides dictum et Dre Loureiro ad Dysodam suam fasciculatam inde formandum, licet varie va- rient et staminum numerus et alix floris partes. Sunt itaque Lycüi species septem, que Caput Bone Spei patriam suam ag- noscunt, licet due earum, scilicet Lycium afrum et RR alibi quoque sponte crescant. Lycii species sunt vel spinescentes, vel i inermes. LYCIUM. x Spinose. 1. L. barbarum : foliis lanceolato-ellipticis, ramis laxis. 2. L. afrum: foliis a RE ramis strictis, pedunculis fo- — . liis longioribus. SS : 8. L. rigidum : foliis linearibus, ramis strictis, pedunculis foliis brevioribus. l 4. L. tetrandrum: foliis ovatis obtusis, ramis strictis angulatis, floribus subsessilibus, corollis quadrifidis, : 5. L. cinereum : foliis lanceolatis, ramis ieget divaricatis, floribus subsessilibus.. ! 6. L. horridum: foliis. obovatis. carnosis, ramis strictis, Baca | | subsessilibus. : = | : | ** inermis. Sn ER barbatum; name ovatis, floribus subpaniculatis. . PEL BARBARUM. Lycium barbarum. . Linn. St Eso kiy: o 228, pen Cine. | + OMe de Pu Bi Crescit in Carro inter Roggetelt. et Bockefeld, Arens Novembr, Decembri. à Caulis teres, cinereus, glaber, tal, erectus, ^ ^ sai " 4 | Rami Linn Dans. Vol. 1X. tab. 24.p-153. f UI, rigidum” 3 CH nr t which grow wild at the Cape of Good Hope. 153 Rami alterni, similes, divaricati, magis vel minus spinescentes, elongati, laxi, subsimplices. 3 Folia e gemmis sub spinis, saepius ia, lanceolato-elliptica, integra, glabra, breviter petiolata, aucta, patentissima, ses- quipollicaria et ultra. ~ 1 l y Flores solitarii, ‘anny i iae caribus. | L. afrum. Linn. Si = Veg ; Caulis rigidus, substriatus, ere S reves, stricti. Folia fnsdlectata lin glabra, integra, patula, un- guicularia. £ foliis duplo gusto. | Caulis rigidus, ese n m. Je Rami teretes, flexuosi, 'strieti, rugoso-angulati, cinerei, divari- cato-patuli, ap’ 28 aie diss Folia fasciculata, tusa, integra, glabra, curvata, un- A AN P s guicularia. ~ | Flores solitarii, pedonige Differt ab L. afro: flom £ Lycium VOL. IX 154 Sir C. P. THUNBERO’S Illustration of the Species " Li ycium, Lycium TETRANDRUM. j Tan. Ay. Lycium tetrandrum, Lim a p. 150, Willden. Spec. Plant. p. 1058, du Crescit juxta Urbem o ' Junio florens. Cid Caulis totus glaber, E. 4 X Cilléreus. rigidus, flexuoso-erectus. Rami sparsi, similes, patentes, rigidi, nodulosi. Ramuli similes, horiz ontales, spinescentes. Folia fasciculata in ramis et Famulis, ovata, obtusa, integra, lineam longa. | 3 Flores e fasciculis folioru culati. | "PR Calyz et Corolla quadrifidee cum staminibus quatuor. e.. * s a oy OY Ly Share, albi, brevissime pedun- L. cinereum. Willden. Spec. Plant. p. 1059. Caulis teres, striatus, glaber, cinereus, flexuosus, erectus. Rami alterni, similes, filiformes, elongati, flexuosi. Famuli brevissimi, spinescentes, Folia lanceolata, indt a Lycium horridum. i j | Spec. Plant. p. 1060. 3 Crescit SORA Aeon Linn lians. Vot, IX. fab. 15. p.254. X C r ie ^ . _ /yauınv COICFCU WI. a Linn Trans. Vol, IX. tab. 17. p.164. p Gm z Ep - —— ZZ which grow wild at the Cape of Good Hope. 155 Crescit locis maritimis prope Verlooren Valley, Saldahna bay et alibi, florens Septembri, Octobri, Novembri. Caulis rigidus, teres, fusius, ramosissimus, tripedalis. Rami similes, sparsi. Ramuli nodulosi, cinerei, patentes, spinescentes. Folia fasciculata, 3 usque septem, sessilia, obovata, obtüsissima, crassa, carnosa, integra, glabra, patula; supra planiuscula, viridia; subtus convexa, alba linea viridi, inequalia, semi- unguicularia. Flores solitarii, pedunculati. Pedunculus teres, glaber, lineam longus. LYCIUM BARBATUM. Lycium barbatum. Linn. Syst. Pl. xxiv. p.228. Suppl. p. 150. Spec. Willden. p. 1060. Prod. p. 37. | Crescit in collibus infra montes Urbis Cap. alibique, florens Au- gusto et sequentibus mensibus. Caulis fruticosus, totus glaber, bipedalis et ultra. Rami alterni, divaricati, rugosi, cinerei, flexuosi. Folia opposita, petiolata, ovata, sepe acuminata, obtusiuscula, integra, glabra, supra viridia, subtus pallida, pollicaria et ultra. Petioli unguiculares. Flores axillares, paniculati. A Pedunculi capillares. | Stipule vel Bractez albo-ciliatz. Bacca didyma, compressa, excisa, bisulca, bilocularis. E 3 P IX. Some ( 156 ) | | IX. Some Observations on an Insect that destro: ys. the Wheat, sup- posed to be the Wireworm. By Thomas Walfoyd, Esq. F. A.S. $4 L.S. With an additional Note, by Thomas Marsham, Esq. Treas. L.S. Read April 21, 1807. Tue insect which is the subject of the following memoir has never, I believe, been noticed or described by any entomologist er agriculturist; its depredations are the annual topic of con- versation with the latter, yet few know what insect it is that destroys the wheat in the months of October and November, under the denomination of the Wireworm. Many suppose it to be a Scolopendra, others a species of Tulus, and some the larva of a Tipula, or of the Scarabeus Melolontha of Linnzus. I supposed it to be one of the above, till 1 found two insects in the very act of destroying the wheat, as represented in the annexed figure (Tas. XVIII. fig. 3. a.). These I believe to be the insects common- ly, although very improperly, called the Wireworms in Essex and Suffolk: they appear to me larve of one of the coleopterous tribe; but to what genus they belong can at present only be ` conjectured. The projecting jaws RN resemble those of a Lucanus. The two jointed bristles, and the cylindrical tail, give it an affinity to Staphylinus; but the larva of that insect is supposed to be carnivorous, and not graminivorous. I fear, therefore, that the genus of this insect cannot be determined till it be traced to its perfect state. I shall Mr. Waurorn’s Observations on the Wireworm. 157 I shall now proceed to relate the discovery of the insect, and to detail the injury supposed to be done by it. - In October 1802, having occasion to call upon an agricul- turist* whose skill and judgement in farming are rarely equalled, he informed me that his green wheat was dying and losing plant very much, the reason of which he could not comprehend. 1 immediately suspected that it was occasioned by the Wireworm, but what kind of insect it was, I could not inform him. I there- fore requested that he would accompany me to the field where the greatest injury was done, in order that we might examine into it. This we accordingly did; and we were successful in discovering three of the insects in question, of which two were in the act of destroying the wheat, as above mentioned. With their projecting jaws these insects cut round the outside grass about an inch below the surface of the soil, to get at the young white shoot in the centre, which they eat: upon this, vegetation is immediately stopped, and the plant dies. I suspect that they first eat the flour in the grains which has not been drawn up by vegetation; for, when we touched them, they ran into the husks; and two of the three insects I carried home in the husks, which appear to be their habitations, and probably the place where they change from the larva to their perfect state. — "The injury which the public sustains by the ravages of these insects may, in some measure, be calculated from Mr. Olley's loss in 1802: he sowed fifty acres of a clay soil with wheat; out . of these ten were destroyed by them, which were replanted by dibbling-in one bushel of seed per acre. The price of wheat at that time was eight shillings per bushel. : We here observe one fifth part of the quantity sown destroyed * Mr. Thomas Olley, of Stoke next Clare, in Suffolk, : = by 158 Mr. Waurorn’s Observations on an Insect, by these noxious insects: but the depredations of the Wireworm, as I am informed by a friend* whose experience and observa- tion enable him to calculate with superior judgement, being: prin- cipally confined to wheat sown upon clover leys, old pastures recently broken up, pea and bean stubbles, &c., we may sup- pose the general average of the injury to amount to much less than a fifth (Mr. Olley's loss): a twentieth part of what is sown upon this description of lands will, I think, be deemed a very fair and moderate calculation. The number of cultivated acres of land in England at the time above mentioned was computed at seven millions, of which 2,400,000 were calculated to be sown with wheat; and as only one half of the wheat annually .. sown is supposed to be upon clover leys, old pastures, &c., our calculations must be confined to 1,200,000 acres instead of 2,400,000: this will give 60,000 acres as annually destroyed by the insect in question; which replanted, at one bushel per acre, will require 60,000 bushels of seed, which, at eight shillings per bushel, are worth 24,0007. Besides this, although no extra ex- pense is incurred by the farmer in: preparing the land, yet he has to pay for dibbling-in the seed, which, at five shillings and threepence per acre, will cost 15,7507, or, at the full price, six shillings per acre, 18,0007. If the land requires harrowing, there will be a further charge of ninepence per acre, or 2,2504, not to name other items, which render it difficult precisely to ascertain the loss of the farmer. If the above calculation be thouglit a fair one, and I see no reason why it should not, we find the quantity of wheat lessen- ed to the market by the depredations of these insects is very frequently, if not annually, sixty thousand bushels; which oc- * Allen Taylor, Esq. Wimbish-hall, Essex. casions Zinn Trans. Vot. IX. tab, 16. PIED: supposed to be the Wireworm. — 159 casions to the farmers an additional expense of at least 15,7501. Se At Se sis ss _ T hope these observations will prove a spur to gentlemen more conversant in entomology and agriculture than myself, to excite them to inquire into this subject, the result of which must ul- timately be beneficial to the public at large, by discovering some means of preventing the injury done by these mischievous insects, At present we know of no other than early ploughing, _ which is not always convenient to the farmer, as he wants to feed his clover land as late as the season will admit of. Un- slaked lime has been tried without success*; although it is well known, if laid thick upon the land and ploughed in immediate- ly, it will destroy insects of every kind, that are in the soil: but in many places the expense of procuring lime is too great to think of using it in sufficient quantities to answer the intended purpose. À iz $ As the drawing is from the accurate pencil of Mr. Sowerby, no description of the insect is necessary. ize, 2. The same, magnified. 3. a. The same, destroying the wheat. — 6. Hole in the husk, into which the insect ran upon being disturbed. : _ Additional * Farmer's Magazine, page 450, ge Mk | t Lam aware of its being said that part of the injury sustained is done by the grub of 160 Mr. Warrorv’s Observations on an. Insect, Additional Note, by Mr. Marsham. Tur above described Larva is quite new to me, nor can I ‘find any thing like it in the various authors I have consulted, who have written on the larvee of insects. I am therefore igno- rant to which order it belongs. The name of Wireworm seems to be given to various species of larvæ, but what I consider to be the true Wireworm was sent to me some time ago by the Right Hon. Sir Joseph Banks. A figure of this I have added to the plate (Tan. XVIII. fig. 4.). The history of this animal found fully detailed in the Stockholm ‘Transactions for the year 1777, by Mr, Clas Bier- kander, Vicar of Gothene, near Skara, under the appellation of Root-worm, This larva, when full grown, is about seven lines long, very narrow, of a yellow colour, shining, and very hard: the head is brown, with the extremities of the jaws black. The body is composed of twelve joints, on the last of which are two black indented specks, It has six scaly feet on the fore part of the body. Mr. Bierkander observes, that it remains five years in this state before it changes into a pupa, from whence issues Elater Segetis of Linnæus. I have frequently found it both in fields and gardens at the roots of divers plants, but never suc- ceeded in bringing it to perfection. The author above mentioned describes four other species of Root-worms; viz. Musca Segetis, Musca Hordei, Phalena turca, and Tipula oleracea. I flatter myself that this valuable Essay of Mr. Walford’s will of the Tipula or Crane-fly; but I beg leave to observe that the injury done by the grub is in the spring, and not in October; as many of the flies have not deposited their eggs till the latter end of September, and those that are deposited earlier are few of them hatched before the spring, as was proved by Mr. Strickney, whose pamphlet, entitled sc Observations respecting the Grub,” is now before me: therefore the depredations of the grub cannot be greatly prior to that time: besides, they are most plentiful in the fly state at the end of September and beginning of October, : j 8 stimulate supposed to be the Wireworm. 161 stimulate other gentlemen who reside in the country, and who are so materially interested, to enter seriously into a minute examination — of the various causes by which grain is so frequently destroyed ; so that, by a number of such inquiries and communications, we may at length be enabled to point out a remedy—as every grain of corn that can be preserved in times like the present must be a public benefit. Mr. Bierkander's papers on the different root-worms, I got translated by a friend ; and the translation, with some remarks of my own, was some time since presented to the Board of Agriculture. | | Tuomas Mansnaa. VOL, IX, T | X. An ( 162 ) X. An Account of the larger and lesser Species of Horse-shoe Bats, . proving them to be distinct; together with a Description of Ves- —. pertilio Barbastellus, taken in the South of Devonshire. By George — Montagu, Esq. F.L.S. Read November 19, 1805. Mosr naturalists have conceived an opinion that there are two; varieties of the Horse-shoe Bat, Vespertilio Ferrum-equinum, : di- stinguished only by their size; as such, Gmelin quotes the major and minor of Schreber. ' The larger species only has hitherto been noticed in Eng- land. This was originally discovered by Doctor Latham, who communicated it to Mr. Pennant, and he first made it public in his British Zoology, where he states it to be found in the salt- petre houses belonging to the powder-mills at ‘Dartford, fre- quenting those places in the evening for the sake of gnats; and also observed during winter in a torpid state, clinging to the roof. It is described thus: “ The length from the nose to the tip of the tail is three inches and a half: the extent four- teen. At the end of the nose is an upright membrane in form of a horse-shoe. Ears large, broad at their base, in- clining backwards, but want the little or internal ear. The co- lour of the upper part of the body is a deep cinereous; of the lower whitish." | Doctor Shaw, in his General Zoology, has nearly followed Mr. Pennant, but adds, “There is said to be a greater and smaller = variety; 4 Mr. Monracv’s Account of some Species of Bats. 163 variety; perhaps the male and female: the greater is above three inches and a half long from the nose to the tip of the tail: the extent of the wings above fourteen.” 24 With respect to the smaller Horse-shoe Bat, nothing more appears to be known than that it is inferior in size, but in other respects similar; from which may be inferred that it is very little known, and it has not, to my knowledge, been recorded as indigenous to England. It is therefore with no small de- gree of satisfaction I have to announce, that it is by no means uncommon in particular situations; and I have the pleasure of congratulating the zoologist, that fortunate circumstances have enabled me to put the long unsettled opinion with respect to these two Bats, beyond all possible doubt ; having lately taken a considerable number of both species, in each of which the sexual distinction was evident. But to render the subject more clear and incontrovertible, I shall proceed, by giving a descrip- tion of the lesser species, and endeavour clearly to define the characteristic distinction between these two very analogous ani- mals. In order, however, to prevent future confusion, I pro- pose that the least of these should be called Vespertilio.minutus, - leaving the other in full possession of the original Linnean trivial name of Ferrum-equinum. | VESPERTILIO MINUTUS. Length scarcely two inches and three quarters from the tip of the nose to the end of the tail, of which the latter is full three fourths of an inch: extent of the wings nine inches and a half: weight from one dram three grains, to one dram twenty grains. The colour above is pale rufous-brown, most rufous on the upper part of the head: the nose is surrounded on the top with & broad membrane somewhat in form of a horse-shoe; within x2 this 164 Mr. Montacvu’s Account of some Species of Bats. this is a smaller, in which the nostrils are placed; between these are two other small membranes: standing a little obliquely, and appearing as valves to the nostrils; behind these stands a much more elevated longitudinal membrane; and further back is an- other transversely placed, of a pyramidal shape, standing erect behind the eyes; these last are covered slightly with hair, and some long bristles: round the upper lip under the exterior mem- brane of the nose is a row of minute tubercles, each furnished ' with a small bristle, equally well calculated to guide the lesser _ winged insects to the mouth, as the vibrisse pectinate observed in several species of birds: the eyes are very small, black, and hidden in the fur: the ears large, pointed, and turned a. little back at their tips; their base almost surrounds the. opening, but at the outer part in each is.a notch, which admits of the fore part of the ear closing within the other as a substitute for a valve so common in most other species, but of which this is destitute. It is now many years since Ẹ first noticed. this: species of Bat in Wiltshire; once, in particular, I recollect to have seen a great many taken in the winter over the hollow of a baker's oven, baving got in throngh a small external fissure. In. the year 1804, about the latter end of the month of May, I ob- "served several in an. old building at the verge of a wood at Lackham, in the same county, erected for the shelter of cattle. In this shaded dark abode, surrounded by lofty oaks, it is not unusual to see several adhering to the plastered roof by their hind claws; and when approached, generally crawling a little to one side, and. showing signs of uneasiness by moving their heads about in various directions, but not seeming inclined to take flight till they have been repeatedly disturbed. = S At this time I had not been fortunate enough to discover the haunt Mr. MoxTAGv's Account of some Species of Bats. — 165 haunt of Vespertilio Ferrum-equinum ; but my wishes have since been amply gratified, by taking nine of the F. Ferrum-equinum, and seven of the minutus, many of which were conveyed home alive: of the former there were four males and five fe- males; of the latter five males and two females. Of the V. Ferrum-equinum the largest and smallest were both females, one preponderating four drams and a half, the other not exceed- ing four drams. The length of these to the setting on of the tail two inches and a half; to the end of the tail three inches and three quarters: the expansion of the wings about fourteen inches and a half. ! 1 In colour these two species are perfectly similar, except in some instances the sides and breast of the V. Ferrum-equinum are more of a ferruginous-brown. l With respect to the face, which is so extremely curious, there appears on a cursory view scarcely a perceptible difference, ex- cept that the upper lip of the V. Ferrum-equinum is much more tumid; but the most material distinction is in the formation of the nasal membranes, especially that which is posterior and trans- verse. To explain this no words can convey what a. simple outline will, and therefore the curious are referred to Tan. XVIII. | fig. 5. which represents the side view of the membranes of V. Ferrum-equinum, of which a is the posterior transverse one; the ` front is seen at fig. 6. The same views are given of the nasal membrane of V. minutus at fig. 7. and ‚8, where bb represent the membranes in different points of view. In these a very striking difference is observable, and it willalso be perceived that the anterior longitudinal membrane is by no means similar in both species. : 7s With respect to the teeth, it will be observed that the V. Fer- rum-equinum possesses two minute distant fore teeth in the upper jaw, 166 Mr. MoxTAGv's Account of some Species of Bats. jaw, which are not to be found in the V. minutus; a circumstance that seems to have escaped most naturalists, this genus being usually placed in the division destitute of upper fore teeth: the canine teeth are also much stronger in proportion in V. Ferrum- equinum than in the other species. Linnzus, when he placed the Bats in the first order of Mam- - . malia, doubtless considered the whole genus to agree in pos- sessing two pectoral teats, and no others; and that opinion seems to have been confirmed by succeeding naturalists as far as treading in the path of so great a physiologist may be con- sidered as a proof of the fact. It must, however, be acknow- ledged that we should do well, if, at the same time we admire the wisdom and consummate skill of others, we were to recollect that circumstances do not always concur to throw all the light upon a subject that might be desired, and that the wisest and most skilful philosopher is not proof against mortal fallibility.: Those who are in the habit of searching minutely into the se- crets of nature, well know how eee it is to be cautious in admitting of. general rules. That the appearance of two pectoral teats in the Dat genus, without any others contiguous, should lead to a conviction that they were the only papille such animals possessed, may easily be conceived; but chance frequently develops what the most scrutinizing eye has sought for in vain. “While I was searching for some curious insects which were ob- served to move with unusual celerity amongstthe fur of these Bats*, the pectoral papillz of one of the V. minutus were very conspi- cuous by the space round them being bare, as if the animal had recently suckled its young; and to my utter astonishment, on turning the fur over in every direction, I discovered two other * Celeripes Vespertilionis, a newly discoyered insect, : teats - Mr. MoxTAGv's Account of some Species of Bats. 167 teats very near together, situated on the lowest part of the ab- domen, close to the pubis. It may readil y be imagined that so un- expected a discovery scarcely admitted the senses to determine the validity of ocular demonstration ; the aid, however, of glasses left no doubt of the fact, and a scientific friend confirmed my opinion. At the moment of this discovery I had emboweled all the spe- . cimens of V. Ferrum-equinum, and consequently cannot determine whether they are similarly formed or not; nor have I since pro- cured a female Bat of any other species to examime, so that it yet remains to be ascertained whether this structure is peculiar to one or more species, or that the two abdominal papilla ate really essential to the generic character of these animals, but hitherto overlooked, by being so far removed from the others. On future observation must depend the place to which the Bats should be properly consigned in the systematic arrangement of quadrupeds. If some species only are found to possess four pa- pille, it would be a very considerable violence to nature to divide them on that account ; and yet to retain them undivided in the order of primates, according to the Linnzean definition, would be Anconsistent: but on this part of the subject there is no neces- sity of enlarging until we become more enlightened. . 2 It is probable the papille of all the smaller Bats are so con- tracted, except at the time of administering nourishment to - their young, that they are not discoverable with the utmost at- tention, for even in the F. Ferrum-equinum no pectoral teats were to be discovered, although the sexual distinction was sufficiently evident. But this very contracted state of those parts, when nature has no demand for the use assigned to them, is not peculiar to these volant quadrupeds, since we find the same difficulty in discovering them in mice. | T UH These Bats were taken in a large cavern near Torquay in De- | | J vonshire, 168 Mr. Moxtaau’s Account of some Species of Bats. vonshire, commonly known by the appellation of Kents-hole, and where both species are usually observed in considerable abundance clinging to the vaulted roof of the interior apart- ments. ‘This vast cavern was explored with a view to obtain whatever species of Vespertilio might inhabit it, and with ex- pectation of procuring specimens of V. Barbastellus, and possibly some new species, having been informed the cave abounded in number and variety. Strange, however, as it may appear, not a single instance occurred of any other species becoming an inhabitant of this dark and frightful region. It should therefore appear that these two Bats are as con- genial in their animal temperature, as they are similar in habit; and that in constitution they essentially differ from all the other British species. It is well known that all places impervious to light, and desti- tute of a free circulation of air, can neither be suddenly heated nor suddenly cooled by the changes of atmospheric tempera- ture, and that the vicissitudes of such a climate are extremely small: thus these species from instinct seek those dark and ‘dreary abodes, and wholly retire from the face of day, their feelings being repugnant to the benign influence of the solar rays, which vivifies and reanimates all nature besides. The P. Noctula, murinus, auritus, and probably Barbastellus, whose constitutions appear more robust, do not retire into total darkness, nor wholly remove from the vicissitudes of the sur- rounding atmosphere; but, being formed by nature to bear a greater degree of either heat or cold, content themselves with such a hybernaculum as is sufficient to protect them equally from the extremes of one or the other. Thus we find these in the fissures of old buildings, in towers, under the eaves of houses and churches, and in the hollows of trees, and not-unfrequently | congregated ; Mr. MoxTAGv's Account of some Species of Bats. 169 congregated; but they seldom or never enter those gloomy regions which nature has consigned to the others as an exclusive right of inheritance. Contemplating the frolics and evolutions of these little crea- tures in our summer evenings perambulations, must bring to recollection the extraordinary opinion of some philosophers, who scarcely admit their progressive motion to be an act of fly- ing. How little can such have attentively observed their sud- den and rapid turns in pursuit of flies! It might be fairly asked, How much inferior are the aérial excursions of a Bat to that of a swallow, one of the most powerful on wing of the feathered tribe? and might we not pronounce, without risk of refutation, that a Bat far sur pests the greater part of birds in its powers of flight ? If we are to give the utmost credit to the experiments of Spalanzani and M. de Jurine, the conclusion would be, that vision is not of any apparent use to these animals, since they fly ` about with as much ease, and equally avoid obstacles, when their eyes are covered, or even put out, as they do previous to that operation. That their eyes, being minutely small, are not calculated to admit many rays of light, as in most nocturnal birds, must be allowed, but then they have no occasion to distinguish their prey at a distance. 1f it be denied that their eyes are of any use in the discerning of objects against which they might strike, surely they must be equally useless in disco- vering the smaller winged insects on which they prey in the dusk of the evening. | Can we, however, meditate on the wonderfully rapid turns and evolutions of these creatures in pursuit of their prey, and not allow them the powers of sight to effect the first principle of ‚life, a power not denied to any known animal possessed of a red VOL. IX. Z | circu- 1/0 = Mr.MoxTAGU's Accountiof some Species of Bats. circulating fluid by the arterial system? To assent te the con- clusion which M. de Jurine has drawn from his experiments, that the ears of Bats are more essential to their discovering objects than their eyes, requires more faith, and less philosophie. reasoning, than can be expected of the zootomical philosopher, by whom it might fairly be asked, Since Bats see with their ears, do they hear with their eyes? It- will not be sufficient for these experi- mentalists to inform us that the copious auricles of this class of animals, or their delicate internal structure, are adequate to the double purpose of seeing and hearing, when we perceive that they are by nature. provided with organs of sight similar. to what we not only feel most sensibly to be the most inesti- inable of blessings, but also perceive to be the principal foun- tains of locomotion in all other animals in the same scale of beings. Although it cannot be admitted that the Almighty hand gave to these creatures those most wonderfully constructed organs of sight, without endowing them with visual properties, yet it must be allowed that there is something extremely. asto- -nishing and unaccountable in their unembarrassed flight in total darkness, whether by sealing up their eyes, or by their natural habits, of finding their way through all the smaller passages and windings, into the inmost recesses of their subterraneous abode. By what occult property they direct their course in total dark- ness, is perhaps a problem of as difficult solution as that of a swallow returning from the torrid to the frigid zone, to breed in the same nest it had prepared the preceding year, and in which it had performed those functions of nature, Can any human understanding develop the cause that so unerringly directs the carrier-pigeon to its place of nativity, when previously taken to the distance of five hundred miles? How is the bee instructed to Mr. MoxTAav's Account of some Species of Bats. 171 to find its hive wlren captured and taken to a distance? This is inexplicable, and yet no one will dispute the fact. Indeed the | practice is common in some countries, in order to find the wild hives; for if two bees are taken near the same spot, and turned out at different points, distant from each other a few hundred yards, if belonging to the same hive, the two lines formed by the direction of their flight will discover the hive to be at the intersection of those lines. These are the mysteries of nature, so impenetrable to the human mind, that we are lost in a labyrinth of wonder at such instinctive endowments, which are incompre- hensible to our limited faculties. We have only attentively to examiné the operations of nature, and we shall find a thousand instances not less astonishing than that the Bat should find its road without one single ray of light to direct its course*. VESPERTILIO BARBASTELLUS. Gmel. Syst. i.p. 48. Buffon. viii. p. 130. t. 19. 3 1 Pennant Quadr. ii. p. 561. Shaw Zool. i. p. 133. Brit. Miscellany, t. v. 7 This species has long been known to be an inhabitant of some parts of the European continent, especially France, but, I be- lieve, had not been discovered to inhabit England till the year 1800, when I first noticed it to be indigenous to the.south of Devon, and had prepared an account of it for the Linnean Society. Since that period others have occurred in the same * Since the preceding account was written, several of both these species of Bats have been collected from the same cavern, and in one of the J. minutus the abdominal papillze were more conspicuous than in the former; but not the least vestige of such could be found in the V. Ferrum-equinum: it should, however, be remarked, that in these the pectoral teats were equally invisible ^ — == aA E 22 . county; 172 Mr. Montacvu’s Account of some Species of Bats. county; and we are informed in the British Miscellany, that it has been taken in the powder-mill at Dartford in Kent. The figure and description given in that work are highly satis- factory; but as it is a newly discovered quadruped in this island, and of course little known, it may not be uninteresting to give some additional description of it from specimens in my posses- sion, and to make such further remarks as may conduce to its natural history. The first I obtained was taken on wing in the village of Mil- ton, which is situated near the coast, and, I believe, was a female. The colour of this is a dusk-black, intermixed with a few gray-brown hairs towards the rump: the membranes of the wings and tail dusky. ! On the 17th of August 1805, I procured a male specimen alive; it was found adhere to a small tree near Kingsbridge. The length is nearly four inches, of which the tail measures one inch seven eighths; the extent of the wings about eleven inches: weight exactly one hundred grains. The colour differed a little from that of the former, especially in having the middle of the back and the breast mixed with sil- very-gray hairs; the lower belly, thighs, and behind the vent on the tail membrane more gray. The nose is rounded in front, flat, and cavernous on the top, in which part the nostrils are placed : ears large and black, furnished with a linear valve, and un- usually broad at the base, extending forwards, and meeting over the nose, so. as to cover the forehead: eyes very small, seated: within the membrane of the ear: the teeth numerous in both jaws, and much jagged ; in the upper, four cutting teeth, but no canine, and a vacant space between those and the grinders: in the lower jaw six cutting teeth, and four canine or longer teeth, and between these last on each side is a small inter- 8 | : | mediate Mr. Montacu’s Account of some Species of Bats. 178 mediate one; these longer teeth fall into the vacant space in the upper jaw. Buffon appears to be the ist naturalist who jecordéd this spe- cies, and his account of it has been copied by succeeding writers. It seems to partake of the habits of the common Bat ; but it may be readily distinguished from Vespertilio murinus, even on wing, in the earlier part of the evening, by its superior size, and in being by far the darkest in colour of all the British Bats. Upon comparison, the flattened nose, more pointed ears, and particularly the base of these coming so forward on the fore- head as scarcely to leave any space between, will be found es^ sential characters of distinction. - I have not been able to discover the Ry belle of this species, but it is reasonable to believe its torpid state is passed in: similar situations to those in which all but the V. Ferrum- equinum and V. minutus retire during the colder months; none of which Appeas to be subterraneous. FEN. De- eer yd) 21, 1807. e Divsurnis u ~The Teäbth. of this animal fel: the: tip: of the nose to the end of the tail is 5 feet 10 inches, of which the tail is about 2 fect. Height of the fore part at the shoulders 1 foot 10 inches—of the hind part 1 foot 11 inche bearing a near resemblance to the large and full, black, with a ni gives the animal a sava Head very large, yena. Eyes b which Ears chin. Mou ting teeth Canine the rs arge, and entendi P the Byes. Cut. obtuse, 8 in t e upper jaw, and 6 in the lower. eat strong, 1 in: ong. Twelve molares in hich the four hindmost thick i in proportion to the : , claws black, short, and long AT. fa). 29. p.274. od, J „Irans Tinn P (207/AD77O(90 — SSS TEN, OP Baris delt Mr, Hankıs’s Description of two new Species of Didelphis, 175 long callous heel, reaching to the knuckle. Tail much compressed, and tapering to a point, covered with short smooth hair on the upper part; sides and under part bare, as if worn by friction; not prehensile. Scrotum pendulous,’ but partly concealed in a small cavity or pouch in the abdomen; Penis projecting behind : glans forked. v ! The whole animal is covered with short smooth hair of a dusky yellowish brown, paler on the under parts, and inclining to blackish gray on the back. |. On the hind part of the back and rump are about 16 jet-black transverse stripes, broadest on the back, and gradually tapering downwards, two of which extend a considerable way down the thighs. On dissecting this quadruped, nothing particular was observed in the formation of its viscera, &c., differing from others of its genus. The stomach contained the partly digested remains of a porcupine ant-eater, Myrmecophaga aculeata. The history of this new and singular quadruped is at present but little known. Only two specimens (both males) have yet been taken. It inhabits amongst caverns and rocks in the deep and almost impenetrable glens in the neighbourhood of the highest mountainous parts of Van Diemen’s Land, where it pro- bably preys on the brush Kangaroo, and vari us small animals that abound in those places. That from which i is description and the drawing accompanying it were taken, was caught in a trap baited with kangaroo flesh. It remained alive but a few hours, having received some internal hurt in securing it. It from time to time uttered a short guttural cry, and appeared exceed- ingly inactive and stupid; having, like the owl, an almost con- tinual motion with the nictitant membrane of the eye. It is vulgarly called the Zebra Opossum, Zebra Wolf Diverriuts 176 Mr. Hannrs's Description of two new Species of Didelphis. DiDELPHIS URSINA. D. nigra maculis raris albis, auriculis calvis, caudà subprehen- sili subtus nuda. | Tab. XIX. Fig.2.. . This new species of Opossum is likewise an inhabitant of Van Diemen's Land, where it burrows in the ground, and preys on the smaller quadrupeds, &c. Length from the tip of the nose to the end of the tail 2 feet 2 inches, of which the tail is 8 inches, and the head 6. Height from the fore heel to the top of the shoulder 9: inches. From the hind heel to the rump 7 inches ths. Head flat, and some- what triangularly shaped. Distance from the nose to the eyes 21 inches; between the eyes 21 inches. Ears rounded, naked. Eyes small, dark brown. Mouth large: 8 small cutting teeth; 2 strong canine ones three quarters of an inch long, and 8 grinders in the upper jaw; 6 cutting teeth, 2 canine, and 10 grinders in the lower jaw. Bristles over the eyes 6; on each side the nose 13 long, and several short ones; on each cheek 17 pointing back- wards, and two tufts of 15 each under the chin pointing down- wards. Fore feet 5-toed ; inner toe shortest, claws sharp. Hind feet 4-toed, claws sharp, with tufts of hair extending half an inch beyond them. Heel long and callous. Tail slightly prehensile, its under part bare, ” The whole head, body, legs, and upper part of the tail are covered with long coarse black hair, irregularly marked with one or two blotches of white; in some specimens on the shoulders, in others on the throat or rump. 3 The male is larger than the female, and has the scrotum pen- dulous, and the penis projecting behind. The female 1s furnish- ed with the abdominal pouch, and brings forth four or five young Ones Mr. Harnis’s Description of twò new Species of Didelphis. 177 oties at à time, which, like the rest of this genus, are small, naked, and blind, adhering firmly by their moutlis to the téats. — : These animals were very common on our first settling at Ho- bart Town, and were particularly destructive to poultry, &c. — They, however, furnished the conviets with a fresh meal, and the taste was said to be not unlike veal. As the settlement in- creased, and the ground became cleared, they were driven from their haunts near the town to the deeper recesses of forests yet unexplored. They are, however, easily procured by setting a trap in the most unfrequented parts of the woods, baited with raw flesh, all kinds of which they eat indiscriminately and vo- raciously ; they also, it is probable, prey on dead fish, blubber, &c. as their tracks are frequently found on the sands of the sea shore. i In a state of confinement, they appear to be untameably savage; biting severely, and uttering at the same time a low yelling growl. A male and female, which I kept fora couple of months chained together in an empty cask, were continually fighting; their quarrels began as soon as it was dark (as they slept all day), and continued throughout the night almost with- out intermission, accompanied with a kind of hollow barking, not unlike a dog, and sometimes a sudden kind of snorting, as if the breath was retained a considerable time, and then suddenly expelled. The female generally conquered. They frequently sat on their hind parts, and used their fore paws to convey food to their mouths. The muscles of their jaws were very strong, as they cracked the largest bones with ease asunder; and many of their actions, as well as their gait, strikingly re- sembled those of the bear. = VOL. IX. 2 A The 178 Mr. Hannrs's Description of two new Species of Didelphis. The specimen from which the drawing was made was a very fine male, in the possession of Lieutenant Governor Collins, and was put on board the Ocean transport, as a present to Sir Joseph Banks, but died before the vessel left New South Wales, ' Its vulgar name is the Native Devil. XI. De- ED XII. Description of a few Species of Dimorpha. By Edward Rudge, Esq. F.R.S. and L.S. Read May 5, 1807. Tur genus Dimorpha (Parivoa, Aubl.) having been adopted by Willdenow from Schreber, and selected in his Elements of Bo- tany as an example of a rare and uncommon fructification, along with Aublet's figure and specific name of grandiflora, 1 am induced to lay before the Linnean Society a figure and de- scription of the real D. grandiflora, which I trust will illustrate this beautiful genus more satisfactorily than it has been hitherto done. : | | | This species, from its corresponding in äll respects with Aublet's description of his grandiflora, I imagine to be the plant . meant under that name by him. His figure appears to belong to his second species, confounded with a very different plant. ` I am indebted to the researches of my friend Mr. Salisbury for the detection of this mistake in Aublets work; and I am confirmed in this opinion by finding, upon examination of the original specimen in Sir Joseph Banks’s herbarium, that the plant figured in Aublet’s tab. 304, does not belong to the genus Dimorpha. - Specimens of that shrub in flower, collected in Guiana, and now in my possession, prove it to. be a spania E Ed 3s | > 242 Dimorrua 180 Mr. Rupcr’s Description of a new Species of Dimorpha. DIMORPHA GRANDIFLORA. D. foliolis 2-jugis (an pluribus ?) parum acuminatis, vexillo plusquam 2-pollicari valde convoluto, filamentis inferne vix pubescentibus. : Tan. xk- Sponte nascentem in La Guiane ad Aiora ripas legit J. Martin. Floret Septembri. Arbor trunco crassitie homihise 30 pedes. alta vel plus: ligno rubro' solidoque: Rami juniores cinerei cum PENIS RIS et punctis multis albidis, teretes. | = Foria alterna, abrupte pinnata : Petioli Basi incrassati, glabri : Petioluli crassiores quàm. petiolus, glabri: Foliola in omnibus nostris exemplaribus 2-juga, inferius forte 3—4-juga, ovato- lanceolata, latere interiore sepius parum angustiore, integer- rima, parum acuminata, inferne evidenter marginata, utrinque glabra, superiora majora: Nervi tenues. SriPULG 2, petiolo ad. basin insertz, late auriculares, versus flores repente majores, ni fallor persistentes v vix enim inferiores minores esse squamas gemm: T credam, ~ ? Frorrs racemo brevi ex axillis. ultimis penultimisque. Pepuncvutus crassitie penne corvine, a basi mox in ramulos alternos szepius 2-floros Mese n glaber. Pedicelli basi apiceque articulati. BnacTEA ad basin singulorum ramorum pedicellorumque de- cidua: 2 alia juxta apicem pedicelli alternz, sed ita approxi- matz ut alia aliam amplectetur, semiorbiculares, obtusz, ex- tus tomentose, persistentes. Torvs 2: lineas longus, obconicus basi cylindraceá, extus to-, mentosus, intus infra insertionem calycis petalorumque callo 7-lobo crasso abunde mellifero vestitus, SS CALYX Linn, Trans. Tol I. tab. 20. p. 2 di 2 7 randy ler yz P ^ Vie ‘EMO sin, Ü hoe Jon del f ad exempt she Mr. Rvpcoz's Description of a new Species of Dimorpha. 181 Catyx toro confluens, 4-phyllus: Foliola uno latere imbricata preter intimum quod utroque in cunabulis obduetum, ob- longa, integerrima, obtusa, extus tomentosa, intus levia, 2 ` lateralia angustiora: tandem deciduus. Conorra in tribus floribus uno nondum expanso, quos. in aquá tepidä emollitos accuratiori examini subjeci 5-petala, margine tori inserta et omnia distincta: Vexillum paulo plus quam. 2 pollices longum vel in siccis circa genitalia convolutum instar labelli Limodori Tankervillie margine repandum, certe ob- tusum nec emarginatum: Ale minime circiter unam lineam longe, auriculares: Carina, ni fallor, penitus 2-petala, alis structurä similis sed etiam minor. FirAwENTA 10, 9 in vaginam longam fere glabram coalita, de- cimum distinctum et basi incrassatum, supra basin iterum di- latatum. ANTHERS elliptic: basi 9-fidà, apice emarginulate, faciem ver- sus dehiscentes. ` : Pıstırıum. Germen stipitatum, circiter 4 lineas longum, rhom-. beo-ovale valde compressum, glabrum : Stylus longitudine et situ filamentorum. longiorum, g ER Stigma: videtur- trun- catum. PrnicanPIUM non vidi, sed in germine semina 6 adsunt. EXPLANATION OF THE PLATE. Tab. XX. Fig. a. The calyx of its natural size. b. The stamina. c. The pistillum, magnified, d. The front and back of an anther, ar ingly magnified, — E d. Ey rd : ? $0 | E. 2 (182. ) XIII. Some interesting Additions to the Natural History of Falco cyaneus and “pygargus, together with Remarks on some other British Birds. By George Montagu, Esq. F.L.S. Read May 5, 1807. FALCO CYANEUS. Ind. Orn. i. p. 39. 94. Hen Harrier. Lath. Syn. - Tuar the natural history of a bird indigenous to this country, and by no means uncommon, should have so long continued in obscurity, must, to those not in the habit of- investigating na- ture, appear very extraordinary ; but the scrutinizing ornitholo- gist will recollect how few opportunities occur of proving, or controverting, a generally received opinion by ocular demon- stration. Upon the present subject the mind of the scientific ‚world has been so extremely oscillatory for want of proof, that most authors have related the opinions of others, or reasoned from concurring circumstances, blended with parole evidence. In fact, it must be confessed, that although 1 bad many reasons for believing the Hen Harrier, Falco cyaneus, and Ringtail, Falco pygargus, to be the same species, yet I could not adduce any well-authenticated proof that this was really the fact, when the Ornithological Dictionary was published. It is true that I was as- sured by a most worthy and scientific clergyman in Sussex, that the gamekeeper of General Prescott, in whose neighbourhood he Mr. Montacv’s Remarks on Falco cyaneus, c. 183 he resided, had actually shot both these birds from the same nest, and that they had both. been preserved in one case, and were in the General's possession. ‘That my friend gave implicit -credit to the keeper’s assertion I could not have the least doubt; but as I had been assured from another quarter, that not only the male and female Hen Harrier had been shot, which belonged to the same nest, but that the young which could just fly were also killed, and were of the samé cinereous-gray colour as the parent birds; Who, perplexed with such opposite assertions; could determine? But, to close this discordancy, I shall tran- scribe a passage from the latest publication on ornithology ex- elusively, that has appeared in this country, except the Second. Supplement to the General Synopsis. ‘The authors words are these: “It has been supposed that this and the following (re- lating to the two birds in question) are male and female; but the repeated instances of Hen Harriers of both sexes having been seen, IORA it beyond all doubt, that they constitute two: distinct species:” Such a strong unqualified assertion moii on public re- cord, stamped with the authority of the author without refe: rence to the nature of the proof, should seem to proceed from per- sonal knowledge; and as the only positive proof to be obtained in such case is by dissection, it might naturally be presumed that the author had really determined this ass desideratum by the knife. ‘That male Ringtails have frequently occurred. has been well and repeatedly authenticated, but no well attested fact of a fe- male Hen Harrier is, I believe, to be found. Those who have formed their own opinions upon this subject will not readily adopt that of another, without direct and incontrovertible poo and since there are two opposite opinions founded equally upon. 184 Mr. MoxTaGv's Remarks on Falco cyaneus, upon pointed assertions, it will not be allowed by one party that both the F. cyaneus and F. pygargus having been shot at the same nest, 1s a direct proof of their being the same species. Nor, on the contrary, will the other be convinced of the fact by a bare asser- tion that female Hen Harriers have been observed ; for it may be said, that as birds of prey plunder the nests of others, one of these birds might be shot in that act of depredation. : And the circumstance of a single instance of a female bird appearing in the habit of a Hen Teas may be disputed as equally liable to objection, since instances have not been wanting to prove that female birds have occasionally assumed the male plumage. Such difficulties could only be removed, and the fact in- disputably established, by finding the nest, and rearing the young; and I am happy in being now enabled to lay before the Society the result of an experiment of this nature, which must bring all controversy to a conclusion. To a member of this Society, the Rev. Mr. Vaughan, we are greatly indebted, as the discovery might yet have been protracted to a series of years, but for his kind communication and essential aid towards the de- velopment of the subject. About the latter end of June, i in the. year 1805, my friend informed me that his servant had found the nest of a Hen Harrier . in some furze, which contained three young, and aix addle egg ; at this time the infant birds were very small, and only covered with white down: it was therefore determined to take them as soon as we deemed them sufficiently large to be brought up by hand: when that period arrived, the servant was directed to shoot one, and if possible both of the old birds, previously to his bearing away what was considered a prize of no small value. On the return of the man with the young, he brought with him also the Hen Harrier, which he assured us he had under con- | cealment | and some other British Birds. 185 cealment in the furze, shot in the act of dropping a thrush into the nest, while the female (as he seemed to consider the other, and which he described to be a brown hawk) was covering the young. He afterwards shot at and wounded the female, but could not obtain it. . Strong as this person's evidence was in our own minds, yet it conveyed no more to the public mind than what had been so re- peatedly asserted on similar authority: being, however, in pos- ‘session of the aerie, the means were in our power of fully de- termining the point in question; and to enable me to observe and note the changes that might take place in the plumage, I undertook the care of the whole brood. At this time the fwo largest had thrown out many feathers, sufficient to discover the plumage of the Ringtail approaching ; the other, by its appearance, must have been hatched much later. In about a month it was evident from size, that there was butone male, so that all my hopes rested upon this single life. As they became full feathered, there was at first no distinction in plumage, but the eyes of the supposed male were always lighter than in the others, whose irides were so dark as not to be distinguished at a small distance from the pupil. In the dress of the Ringtail the whole continued through the winter, when the one which had been weakly from the first, died; this cir- cumstance induced me to force a premature change in some of the quill and tail feathers of the others, fearing some accident might frustrate my earnest desire of bringing matters to a decisive proof; and about the middle of June I was highly gratified by discovering an appearance of the new feathers in the place “of those which had been plucked out, and that clearly evinced the smallest bird to be a Hen Harrier, and the larger to be a Ringtail. ` Thus I had compelled nature to declare her secrets before the VOL, IX. 2B fe . appointed 186 Mr. Moxtacu’s Remarks on Falco cyaneus, appointed time; for in every other respect their plumage was yet similar, excepting about the sides of the face, which were paler in colour in the former, in which also the irides were of a dull yellow, somewhat mottled, whereas in the latter they still continued dark. The shyness of these hawks had occasioned their breaking most of their larger feathers, although confined in a place ten feet in length by five in width; and as their regular moulting season was advancing, they were turned into a garden &uffdunded by a wall, where, afte tersome time, the female died of the cramp in her legs. ‘he male had about the 20th of J uly thrown out many of | the new feathers naturally, especially the greater coverts of the wings, and a few gray feathers in different "parts of the body. On the 20th of August, the greater part of the quill and tail feathers were grown to their full length, and a gradual increase of gray feathers appeared on most “Other parts: the eyes also became more orange, but it was not till the middle of October ' that it had attained that state which made it desirable to retain, as an existing fact of the change; it was then killed, and is now in my museum. In this state the plumage of the Ringtail or female still remains about the neck, the smaller coverts of the wings, the thighs, and part of the belly, intermixed with the male plumage: the top of the head and wreath have a!so a mix- ture of the feathers of both sexes: the quills, scapulars, and tail, are completely masculine; in the last of these there are a few small broken bars of cinereous-brown on a white ground, in the three outer feathers, the exterior margins cinereous-gray ; the six middle feathers are almost wholly gray, and the markings are very obscure beneath. | Having by the most powerful evidence traced this bird from the egg to that state approaching maturity, which so clearly and | 4 satisfactorily and some other British Birds. 187 satisfactorily proves that Falco cyaneus and pygargus are actually of the same species, two queries arise out of the observations of different authors. It has been remarked by Doctor Latham, that no author has mentioned the Hen Harrier as a bird of the American continent. Do the females only migrate to those par- ticular parts where they have been observed, after the breeding season; or is not the transatlantic Ringtail a distinct species, not differing in sexual plumage? The other query is with re- spect to the sexual distinction of the Ash-coloured Falcon of the Orn. Dict. which has been considered to be most probably the Northern Falcon, or Falco hyemalis; for although the male of this species has only occurred to me, yet, nothing having been related by any author to induce a belief that the sexes are essentially different in plumage, may we not reasonably conjec- ture that the female F. hyemalis has been mistaken for a F. cyaneus, and possibly occasioned some of the accounts related, concern- ing the similitude in the plumage of both sexes of the latter? Indeed the F. hyemalis has generally been described to be consi- derably larger than those males which have come under my in- spection, a circumstance serving to strengthen the opinion that the sexes are similar in plumage, (the females of this tribe being always the largest, and may have been confounded with the cyaneus, as was the case of the two specimens which were sent From the account here given of the Hen Harrier, it is quite clear that the change of plumage is effected in the autumn after it leaves the nest; and as it is between three and four months in the act of moulting, it is certainly very extraordi- nary thatso few instances have occurred. of its being killed in that state which might have been decisive. That such has been taken is evident by the description. of Falco Hudsonius of au- : 2252 thors, 188 Mr. Montacu’s Remarks on Falco cyaneus, thors, which is doubtless this bird in change of plumage; and it will be observed, that mention is made in the Ornithological Dictionary of some slight indication of sucha change; one had only a few gray feathers, beginning the change, and another liad several brown feathers in the smaller coverts of the wings, which . now appear to be the last that are changed. I have now only to remark that the nest of this bird was com- posed of sticks rudely put together, was nearly flat, and placed on some fallen branches of furze that supported it just above the ground. The addle egg found in the nest is little inferior to that of the Moor-Buzzard, and similar in shape and colour, being spotless, but of a sullied white. » FALCO CINERAREUS. Ash-coloured Falcon. Orn, Dictionary. By the examination of a recent specimen of this bird killed on the 10th of August 1803, near Kingsbridge, in Devonshire, I am enabled to add somewhat to the description of it, and to cor- rect a mistake in the work above referred to, which I trust will not be unacceptable to the ornithologist. It weighed nine ounces and three quarters: Jength eighteen inches; breadth three feet eight inches and a half; length from the elbow to the end of the third quill feather, which is. the longest, fifteen inches and. a half; length of the tail from. the gland on the rump nine inches and a half. Bill black, the base and cere greenish: irides and eyelids bright yellow: crown of the head, cheeks, throat, under part of the neck, and upper breast dark ash-colour: upper part of the néck, back, and scapulars cinereous- and some other British Birds. 189 cinereous-brown ; the latter is cinereous at the base of the feathers with the tips brown: the smaller coverts are marked in the same manner as the scapulars; the greater coverts are cinereous- brown, the exposed part of each feather darkest, but not tipped like the others: the eight prime quills are dusky-black, the last with a dash of cinereous; the first is very short, the third by far the longest: secondary quills cinereous-brown above, pale be- neath, with three remarkable dusky-black bars across them, nearly in parallel lines, each half an inch in breadth ; one only of which is to be seen on the upper side of the wing, the others being hid by the coverts, this is about two inches from the tips of the feathers; on the under part of the wing two of these bars are very conspicuous, the other close to the base is much paler, and hidden by the under coverts, the first row of which is white, with a large dusky bar across their middle; the rest are bright bay, more or less spotted, barred, or margined with white: the under parts of the body, including the under tail coverts and thighs, white, with a broad streak of bright bay down the shaft ‚of each feather: under scapulars with broad alternate bars of bay and white: the tail is somewhat cuneiform, the two. middle feathers dark brown, or dusky, the rest dark ash-colour, palest on the two or three outer feathers, which have also their inner webs approaching to white; all except the two middle haxe four equidistant bars on the inner web, taking in the shaft; these on the two outer feathers are bay, the, rest more or less dusky, with a ferruginous tinge on those at the base: legs orange yel- low, rather long and slender: claws small black. | ) In the- original. description of this species *, bc from a cased specimen, the greater coverts are, by mistake, said to a Omithological Dictionary. Bie ass have 190 Mr. Monracu’s Remarks on Falco cyaneus, have dusky-black on the outer webs towards their middle, forme ing a small bar; whereas it will be now observed, this visible bar on the wing above is on the secondary quills, and not on the coverts. The bird from which the above description is taken is a male: it has the feathers behind the ears short, but no ruff continued round the head, as in the Hen Harrier. It was in good con- dition, and had in its stomach a sky-lark, and yet its weight was not so much as that of the Hen Harrier by three or four ounces; though its length and breadth are much superior, by reason of its long wings and tail. It must also be remarked that it appears to be at least a year old bird, as some of the quills are moulting; the first and second feather of the se- condary quills in each wing are not full grown, but are of the same colour as the rest, and possess the same three bars. I am not enabled to offer any thing further on the synonyma than what has been given in another place; it differs a little, it is true, from the Falco hyemalis*; but when it is considered how little that species seems to be known, some allowance must. be made for want of a more minute description: there seem, how- ` ever, some marks of such near affinity, that I trust it will here- after be found the same. Whether this is migratory with us is not at present to be fully determined ; the time of the year in which this was shot is rather too early to induce a belief that it.is a winter migrant; and the only one besides that which has come under my inspection I think was killed in November, which in- dicates a winter residence with us. It is, however, more pro- bable that this species may be indigenous to us, and that it has frequently been mistaken for a variety of the Hen Harrier. * Latham's Synopsis. SYLVIA and some other British Birds. 191 SrLvıa DanTronRDIENSIS. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 517. 31. Dartford Warbler. Lath. Syn. In a paper which I had the honour to'lay some time since be- fore the Linnean Society, some notice was taken of the discovery of this little bird in the southern parts of Devonshire: and I there remarked that, as it had been so frequently observed to be a winter inhabitant, a circumstance not favourable to its being a migrative species, (as it was said to breed in Provence on the continent so much further south *) I was not without hopes of Mad proving it indigenous to this part of England. My opinion that this species of Warbler bred with us, was greatl ystrengthened by a letter which I had the pleasure of receiv- ing from a scientific friend in Cornwall, well known in the literary world}, who assured me that his brother had observed these birds for several years to inhabit furze, near Truro; that last year, as well as the present, they were plentiful during the summer season ; and that he had not only seen them every month in the year, but had observed young ones soon after they had left the nest, though his search for the nest and eggs had been in vain. This information redoubled, if possible, my ardour, and I visited a large furze common in my neighbourhood, where I had seen several the preceding autumn; and upon close search on * Provence is situated between 33 and 34 degrees north latitude, and 5 and 7 east longitude; and therefore, as these birds have been also found in England in latitude 5 P and west longitude 5, there can be no doubt but all the intermediate space, taking in nearly the whole of France, is inhabited by them more or less, venere the situation is congenial to their habits. + Mr. Stackhouse, of Pendarvis. the 192 Mr. Mowtacu’s Remarks on Falco cyaneus, the sixteenth of July, three pair of old birds were observed, two of which had young evidently by their extreme clamour, and by frequently appearing with food in their bills. _ The bold- ness and excessive garrulity of one pair induced me to believe that the nest was near at hand; but it was not without two hours strict attention to the actions of the parent birds, that I disco- vered a single young one on the ground ; this appeared to be too small to voluntarily leave the nest, which was probably within a few feet, but which, from the almost impenetrable thickness of the surrounding furze, 1 was not successful in discovering. On the 17th my researches were renewed, and after three hours watching the motions of another pair, I discovered the nest with three young; it was placed amongst the dead branches of the thickest furze, about two feet from the ground, slightly fastened between the upright or main stems, not in a fork. On the same day, close to where I found the single young bird, two were observed to be busied, carrying materials for building; and by concealing myself in the bushes, I soon disco- vered the place of nidification, by the continued returns of the . birds with something in their bills, for making their nest; and, upon examination, I found it was just begun. Extraordinary as it may appear, there is great reason to believe that this was the same pair from which I had the day before taken the single young one. Is it not possible that the inclination of the parent birds to propagate again, was the cause of the young leaving the nest prematurely, in defect of a sufficient supply of food, and that the other young perished? A circumstance so singular can no more be denied than positively asserted; but as I could never observe more than one pair near the place, there is reason to be- lieve, though extraordinary, that it was really the case, and that 1 ieh tae they and some other British Birds. -e they actually began a new nest the day after they were deprived - of the only surviving young. i The nest appeared to be finished on the 19th, but it possessed oly one egg on the 21st in the afternoon, and on the 26th it contained four, when the nest and eggs were secured. This nest was placed near the top of the furze, in the thick- est part, about four feet from the ground, but so well con- cealed that, although the birds were repeatedly seen to fly in with building materia## in their bills, if was with the greatest difficulty found. The continued flirting of these birds from bush to bush, and through them, is so extremely de- ceitful, that it is scarcely possible to notice the spot, amongst such an uniformity of cover, where they deliver the contents of their bill, especially as they frequently retire from. a very different. part.’ Like the other, this nest is composed of dry vegetable stalks, particularly goose grass; mixed with the tender dead branches of furze, not sufficiently hardened to become prickly; these are put together in a very loose manner, and intermixed very sparingly with wool. In one of the nests was a single partridge's feather. The lining is as sparing, for it consists only of a few dry stalks of a fine species of carex, without a single leaf of tis plant, and only two or three of the panicles. — This thin flimsy structure, which the eye pervades in all parts, mut: resembles that of the whitethroat. 'Fhe eggs are also somewhat similar to those of Sylvia cinerea, but rather less, weighing only 22 grains; like the eggs of that species, they pos- sess a slight tinge of green; they are fully speckled all over with olivaceous-brown and cinereous, on a greenish-white ground, the markings SOPORE more dense, DEM a zone at the larger end. B 2 SSR OL. IX. TC Whether 194 Mr. Monracu’s Remarks on Falco cyaneus, Whether the Dartford Warbler usually breeds so late, is not at present to be determined; but as I found two pairs with young at the same time, and have great reason to believe another pair was sitting about the same period, it is reasonable to conclude that they do not propagate very early,—or how are we to account for the loss of the first nests of all these, for there were no young birds to be found flying amongst the furze ? I shall now return to the young birds, which I considered as no small treasure: the first, which was found on the ground, had been three days in my possession before the others were fit to take*, and then being able to fly a little, was put into a nest of chaftinches, and placed in a box; and so much did he like the warmth, that he rested perfectly contented, and though he would for several days after fly up to the top of the box to be fed, yet he retired as soon as satisfied" with food, and cuddled : amongst bis companions. By experience, grasshoppers, which at this season of the year are to be procured in abundance, are found to be an excellent food for all insectivorcus birds; these, therefore, at first were their constant food, and after five or six days a mixture of bread, milk, chopped boiled meat, and a little finely pounded hemp- - and rape-seed, made into a thick paste, was sometimes given, to wean them from insect food by degrees; this they became more partial to than even grasshoppers, but they afterwards preferred bread and milk with pounded. hemp-seed only, to every other food, the smaller house or window flies excepted. Before these birds left the nest I put them into a pair of scales, and found the four weighed nine drams, which on an average is * There is an exact period of age which is the best for rearing young birds by: hand, this is when the tips of the quills and the greater coverts of the wings expose à portion of their fibrous ends, two and some other British Birds. 195 two drams and a quarter each. At this time they collectively ate in one day upwards of five drams of grasshoppers, which is one dram and a quarter each, so that in two days each consumed more than its own weight. Such a repletion is almost incredi- ble, and doubtless greatly beyond what the parent birds could usually supply them with, which by observation appeared to consist of variety, and not unfrequently small phalene: their growth, however, was in proportion to this large supply of food. —This interesting little family began to throw out some of their mature feathers on each side of the breast about the middle of August, and the sexes became apparent. At this time they had forsaken their grasshopper food, feeding by choice on the soft victuals before mentioned. The nestling attachment is very conspicuous in these little birds towards the dusk of the evening, for a long time after they have forsaken the nest; they become restless, and apparently are in search of a roosting place, flying about the cage for half an hour, or until it is too dark to move with safety, when a sin- gular soft note is uttered by one which has chosen a convenient spot for the night, at which instant they all assemble, repeating the same plaintive cry. In this interesting scene, as warmth is the object of all, a considerable bustle is observed, in order to obtain an inward birth, those on the outside perching upon the . others, and forcing in between them: during this confusion, which sometimes continues for a few minutes, the cuddling note is continually emitted, and in an instant all is quiet. Nothing can exceed the activity of these little creatures ; they re in EIER motion the whole day, throwing themselves into various attitudes and gesticulations, erecting the crest and tail at intervals, accompanied by a double or triple cry, which seems to express the words cha, cha, cha. They frequently take their food suspended by the wires, with their head down- 2c2 war ‘ds, 196 Mr. Montacvu’s Remarks on Falco cyaneus, wards, and not unusually turn over backwards on the perch. The males, of which there were three out of the four, began to sing with the appearance of their first mature feathers, and con- tinued in song all the month of October, frequently with scarce any intermission for several hours together: the notes are entirely native, consisting of considerable variety, delivered in a hurried manner, but in a much lower tone than I have heard the old birds in their natural haunts. This song is different from any thing of the kind I ever heard, but in part resembles most that of the stone-chat. The Dartford Warbler, like the Whitethroat, will sometimes suspend itself. on wing over the furze, singing the whole time; but is more frequently observed on an uppermost spray, in vocal strain for half an hour together. ` Buffon, who appears to have been the first and pikis the only person on the continent who knew any thing of the Dart- ford Warbler as a naturalist, seems to have known very. little more than the bird itself, and that it had been found in Pro- vence, (as his name evinces,) but nothing of its habits. - If he had not figured it in Pl. enl. 655. f. 1, it — scarcely be con- ceived that the history given by thatauthor could be intended for thisspecies. We must therefore conclude that he, like other great ' men, was deceived in that part of its natural history related by M. Guys of Marseilles, from whom he seems to have collected, that this bird not only feeds amongst cabbages on the smaller lepidopterous insects, but that it roosts amongst their leaves, to- secure itself against the Bat, its enemy. . To.this curious account, implicit faith cannot be given; for as on the continent furze is by no means uncommon, except in the more northern part, there can be no reason to believe the nature of this little creature to be so different in Provence from . what it is in England, where it is only found to inhabit the more : extended. and some other British Birds. — 197 extended tracts covered with that shrub. If indeed it were necessary to hide itself at night from the Bat, furze is better calculated for that purpose than cabbages; but I believe there is no species of that genus in Europe sufficiently large to attack even our most diminutive bird, the golden-crested wren, which we may safely conclude has no occasion to hide itself from any European species of Vespertilio. Science, unfortunately, is too frequently blended with fiction, occasioned by too large a share of credulity ; the detection of such errors is a work of time, and a series of years are often required to correct what, according to the general merit of an author, has more or less been stamped with credit. Experience from ocular demonstration has at last been able to collect materials concerning the natural history of Sylvia Pro- vincialis, which serves to evince that M. de Buffon was misled, and that, in fact, little was known of the habits of this elegant little Warbler till the present discoveries. come EIE Ea BIRDS NEWLY DISCOVERED IN GREAT BRITAIN. In this place I shall take the opportunity of recording some birds which, as far as I have been able to discover, have not till ` recently been found in this kingdom, but now claim a place in. the british Fauna.. ARDEA EQUINOCTIALIS.. Ind. Orn, ii. p. 696. 70. Little White Heron. Latham. Syn. v. p. 93. No. 63: This bird was killed in Devonshire the latter end of. October; in the year 1805, and is now in. my 1 museum. Upon puo ut roved a female. E arcos 198 Mr. Montacv’s Remarks on Falco cyaneus, TANTALUS VIRIDIS. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 707. 15. Green Ibis. Lath. Syn. v. p. 114. 13. This species was shot in the interior part of Devonshire E the middle of September, in the same year as the preceding: i is a male, and occupies a place with the last. Whether this, the Bay, and the Glossy Ibis are specifically distinct, admits of doubt, and requires further investigation. SCOLOPAX NOVEBORACENSIS. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 123. 32. Red-breasted Snipe. Lath. Syn. v. p. 153. 26. A small flock of these extremely rare birds made their appear- ‘ance on the coast of Devon in the spring of the year 1803, one of which was shot in my neighbourhood, and is now in my museum. Soon after, I received information that a similar bird had been shot at Weymouth, in company with several others ; and the skin of another was sent to me, which had been killed at Sandwich in Kent; probably belongiug to the same flock, as the account of the number seen last on the east coast tallied nearly with what first was noticed in the west, allowing for those which are stated to have been shot. GLAREOLA AUSTRIACA. - und. Orn. 3. p. 753. 1. Austrian Pratincole. Lath. Syn. v. p. 222. t. 85. A bird of thisspecies has been shot, at or near Liverpool Ee in and some other British Birds, 199 in Lancashire, and is now in the museum of Lord Stanley. Having been informed that a publication will soon make its ap- pearance wherein not only the particulars relative to the capture of this bird will appear, but also a very excellent figure, 1 shall forbear to anticipate the author's intention. XIV. An ( 900 ) XIV. An Account of some new Species of Piper, with a E ir sory Observations on the Genus. By Mr. John Vaughan Th$mp- son. Communicated by the Right Honourable Lord Seaforth, F.R.S. and L.S. | Read June 2, 1807. . Or this extensive and highly natural genus a less intimate knowledge is ın general possessed by the European botanist than of most others in which so many plants of interest occur. This circumstance is to be attributed not only to the plants of this genus being all natives of tropical climates, but also to the very strong resemblance-of most of the shrubby species to each other, and the impossibility of preserving, by the usual methods, such as are herbaceous and succulent. To obviate this diffi- culty attending the investigation of the species of the latter description, I had proposed, when in the West Indies, to make drawings of all that I should meet with; but my professional occupations prevented me from carrying this intention into exe- cution so completely as to enable me as yet to lay them before the public. Among the sketches at that time made are the two which accompany this paper, and which, the species appearing to me as nondescript, I conceived might not be unacceptable to the Linnean Society. Throughout this family the inflorescence is disposed in a scaly spike, or, more properly, a catkin; in most of the species close ! and Mr. Tuompson’s Account of some new Species of Piper. 201 and imbricated, but in others, particularly the herbaceous spe- cies, more open and lax. The flowers, separately examined, consist of an inferior scale, a roundish germen, and two stamina, without the least vestige of a calyx or corolla*. There is no style, but three minute stigmata not easily distinguishable by the naked eye, and the anthers are for the most part sessile; but _ I cannot be led to think that the filament is entirely wanting in any of the species. Notwithstanding the obvious simplicity of this structure, an attempt has been made in the Flora Peruviana (amongst a variety of others) to form the herbaceous species into a new genus, under the name of Peperomia. Where this rage will stop it is impossible to predict; and I conceive it to be the duty of every disciple of Linn&us to oppose such innova- tions, as they cannot fail to produce obscurity and confusion where all was nature and simplicity. The least possible devia- tion in any one particular must now be considered sufficient to authorise the formation of a new genus; and even the slightest difference of habit alone is frequently thought to afford ample reason for these arbitrary separations. In the present instance, to say more would be to allow that there were grounds for such a change where none really exist. I shall therefore content my- self with giving the diagnostic characters, as submitted in the Flora Peruviana, and shall leave every person to decide for him- self, confident that no true botanist will dissent from my opinion. * Differt hoc genus a Pipere Linn. spathis ovatis, minimis: prominentia minima sub flosculis singulis ; staminibus gérmine longioribus : stigmate. puncto unico minimo,: vel macula." ` * In Woodville’s Medical Botany a representation of Piper nigrum is given, with an imaginary dissection of the corolla, directly in eppomtion: to the description which accompanies it. - : ger eiui VOL. IX. i 2D The Er aes eS. 202 Mr. Tuompson’s Account of some new Species of Piper. The anomalies necessarily occurring in extensive genera, when properly understood, are to be considered. as affording great helps to the inquiries of the practical-botanist. In the genus now under consideration they más be. mad e minently useful: i ring the be species, the other ch m nay be further subdivided int 1, , 2dly, Such as creep or climb, in | a * Fruticosa, erecta, ws didus sinne Piper nigrum, longum, &c. b* Herbacea, erecta IN e làst section, and at they cannot hea ewith pre : DI xe) gly and | disti > oe times esi y dise A; Fr = A XI. Fig. 1, \ Piper herbaceum, caule quadrangulare rat : anti, foliis. emesis ls rhombeis, pedunculis axillarib ;, spicis binatis. ; ii d Ete E? Tep OH, Linn Trans. Vol. IT. tab. u. p. 202. Mer Keen IP re Mr. Tuompson’s Account of some new Species of Piper. 203 Habitat in insula Trinitatis. I observed this plant nowhere but on the trunk of an old tree, on the road between St. Joseph's and the Caroni River. PIPER BRACTEATUM. Tas. XXI. Fig. 2. Piper herbaceum, caule filiformi radicante, foliis cordato-orbi- culatis acuminatis obtusiusculis, pedunculis axillaribus so- litariis bracteatis, spicis brevibus. Habitat i in insula St. Vincentii. Found in some Shundenss on the rocks and trees on the eastern side of Morne Suffrier, about 2000 feet above the level of the sea. It approaches most near to the P. scandens of Vahl, but is sufficiently distinct. PIPER HERNANDIFOLIUM. Vahl. Enum: Plant. — Piper herbaceum, caule radicante, foliis ovato-acuminatis pel. tatis, pedunculis oppositifoliis solitariis articulatis. Habitat in insulis Caribbzeis. I first discovered this plant in the mountainous woods of St. Vincents, in 1800, and subsequently in the woods of Trinidad and Granada. 2p2 XV. An ( 204 ) | XV. An Inquiry into the Structure of Seeds, and especially into the true Nature óf that Part called by Gertner the Vitellus. By — James Edward Smith, M.D. F. R.S. P.L.S. — Read November 3, 1807. > ds n, so justly celebrated for his anatomical and. physio- logical inquiries into the nature of Seeds in general, and for his particular illustration of One Thousand different kinds, claims the merit of first giving a name and definition to a part called by him the Vitellus, which, though not entirely unobserved by preceding philosophers, had received no particular description . nor explanation. Before we enter upon the investigation of this organ, it is necessary to consider the structure and functions of the parts of a Seed in general ; and this it will be best to do phy- siologically. Three agents are necessary to the germination of seeds, —mois- ture, heat, and air. A seed committed to the ground absorbs, through the vessels of its base, the juices of the soil, or any other moisture that comes in its way; while it receives, throughout its whole substance, a definite portion of heat, some seeds requiring a greater share of the latter, for the purposes of vegetation, than others. Moisture and heat however are not of themselves suffi- cient to cause the germination ofseeds. Tt has long been known that air is equally necessary ; and modern chemists have ascer- tained oxygen gas to be the particular ingredient of the atmo- spheric air which is requisite, and which is absorbed by seeds, | in Dr. Smıtw’s Inquiry into the Structure of Seeds. — 905 in the moments of incipient germination, from or through the surrounding soil Thus the bulk of the seed is increased, and its vital principle stimulated. It bursts its immediate integu- ment, or testa, and in the first place sends forth the radicle, or young root, into the ground. This part being, as Dr. Darwin well observes, most susceptible of the stimulus of moisture, elongates itself in the direction in which it meets with that sti- mulus; and descending into the earth, while it fixes the infant plant, assumes its own proper function of imbibing nourishment. for the future support of that plant. But before any supplies can be thus obtained, considerable demands are made, even by. the root itself; and not only an evolution of parts, but likewise an increase of bulk, takes place in the young vegetable. For this necessary purpose a store is prepared in the Albumen, a sub- stance either constituting a separate body by itself, as in grasses, corn, palms, &c., which, from a hard, dry and tasteless mass, changes, by the action of water and oxygen, into a milky or saccharine fluid ; or the same substance is lodged in, or united with, the bulk of another part, next to be mentioned, the Co- tyledon, or, as they are generally of the plural number,. Cotyle- dons. As the root is the part stimulated by moisture, the Co- tyledons appear to be most stimulated by. air, and they conse- quently raise themselves, for the most part, out of the ground in order to receive it, in. the form of seminal leaves, well known to perform, for a time, the functions of real leaves, and even, by the action of light, to assume their green colour.. The Albu- men cannot be said to be stimulated, or-acted upon as a living body, by the air or gas, which only produces chemical. chasis- in it; and the destination of this substance being soon accom- plished, it disappears by absorption. Not so the other parts of the sced, one of which becomes the still descending root, the other 206 Dr. Smiru’s Inquiry into the Structure of Seeds. other the nurse, or, if we may say so, the foster brother of the young ascending plant, which last originates from the extremity of the embryo opposite to the root, but always, like that, most intimately connected with the Cotyledons. : These indeed, sooner or later, wither away ; when the acquisition of real and more ample foliage renders them superfluous, or no longer necessary. But all Cotyledons do not ascend out of the earth, nor assume any of those functions of leaves in which light is concerned. | In the Horse Chesnut, the Cyamus Nelumbo, the Ti ropeolum. majus, and some other plants, they always remain buried, no doubt acted upon by the air or gas alone. Even in plants of the same natural order, Papilionacee, some, as Lupinus, raise their Co- tyledons into the air and light, in the form of very. conspicuous green seed-leaves; while others, as Lathyrus, retain them under ground, concealed in the black skin of the seed, quite out of the reach of every ray of the latter. In these we know a fari- naceous Albumen is lodged, whether they rise into the light or not; and the closest analogy leads us to conclude that their functions are otherwise similar, which can only be with respect : to air. Even Cotyledons however are not indispensably requisite to a seed, though the Albumen appears to be, in some form or other, necessary to all seeds. Not to mention the tribes of ve- getables allowed or guessed. to be without Cotyledons, and thence, for systematical convenience, denominated acotyledo- nous; all, who have sufficiently considered the matter, know that in those called monocotyledonous, what is vulgarly taken for the Cotyledon is really an Albumen, a part fundamentally distinct in functions from what is proper to a Cotyledon. Thus even so conspicuous a family of plants as the Orchidee, which the faithful Jussieu confesses were only presumed from analogy to be monocotyledonous, or, as he guardedly expresses it, to ; have Dr. Suirn’s Inquiry into the Structure of Seeds. 207 have “a single-lobed corculum," have been shown by Mr. Salis- bury, in the 8th volume of our Transactions, the only person I believe who has well examined their germination, to haye in fact an Albumen, but no Cotyledon at all. Nor does such ambi- guity or uncertainty belong to this family alone. Many plants are presumed to be monocotyledonous, chiefly because they grow in the water; and it is much to be regretted that this fun- damental principle of all natural systems should in many cases be so ill-established, and very often so extremely difficult to de- tect or to determine; which happens in general where its help is most wanted, as I shall presently endeavour to show; but I^ must first speak of the more immediate object of the present essay. | Giertner asserts the Vitellus of seeds to be “ distinct from the * Cotydelons as well as from the Albumen, and, for the most * part, situated between the latter and the Embryo. He con- ` siders as its principal diagnostics the 3 following characters : - * 1st, that it is most closely connected with the Embryo, so as * not to be separable from it without injury to its own substance: * 2dly, that notwithstanding this intimate connection, it never * rises out of the integuments of the seed, as the Cotyledons * usually do, in germination, so as to become a seminal leaf, * but, rather like the Albumen, its whole substance is des troyed * by the seedling plant, and converted into its own nourishment: * and 3dly, that if the Albumen be likewise present, the Vitel- ** lus is always situated betwixt that and the Embryo, in such a “ manner, however, that it may be separated from the Albumen “ with great ease and without injury." For which reasons this able writer considers the organ in question as “ allied on the one * hand to the Albumen, on the other to the Cotyledons,” but truly distinct in nature from both. He proceeds to observe that Hs "HH 208 Dr. Smırn’s Inquiry into the Structure of Seeds. * it is of all the internal parts of a seed the most singular, and * by far the most unfrequent." Now, to consider all these points separately, in the Ist place the Vitellus is not more closely connected with the Embryo than the greater part of Cotyledons are; according to the figures and descriptions of Gartner himself, the fidelity of which must be evident to any one in the habit of using his book, and especially to those who will take the trouble of comparing a few of them with the seeds to which they refer, while in the earliest stage of germination, at which time the relative connection of the parts is best ascertained, 2dly, That the Vitellus never rises out of the eround, is a circumstance common to it with many Cotyle- dons, allowed to be such by Gsertner, as in the leguminous plants, and others already mentioned. 3dly, That the Vitellus is situated between the Albumen (if the latter be present as a separate organ) and the Embryo, is only a necessary conse- quence of the more intimate connection between it and the lat- ter than either of them has with any other part, which is also precisely true of the Cotyledons and Embryo, as above men- tioned. For these reasons I presume the Vitellus to differ in no respect from the subterraneous Cotyledons already described ; and that its office is to perform the necessary functions relative to air or oxygen, till the leaves come forth and assume those functions, in greater perfection, with the cooperation of light. This seems more satisfactory than the opinion of Gsertner, that the organ under consideration affords nourishment to the Em- bryo; because this is abundantly supplied by the copious Albu- men of a multitude of seeds whose Vitellus is very inconsiderable, as grasses; and because it is unphilosophical to recur to two causes, when one is evidently sufficient. In fact, the Vitellus, as far as I can observe, only dwindles away when the leaves un- — fold, Dr. Smıtu’s Inquiry into the Structure of Seeds. 209 fold, exactly as happens to the subterraneous Cotyledons, ` The samé thing very often takes-place as speedily in those which rise out-of the ground ; the existence of the latter appearing to be prolonged in’some instances, merely by their nearer approach to the nature of. leaves, as in Umbelliferous and Cruciform plants.: The difference of duration is still more evident, and more instructive as to our present purpose, in the Leguminous family, between such Cotyledons as rise above the ground, like Lupines, and those which remain buried, like Vetches, the lat- ter decaying as quickly as any supposed Vitellus can do. In Grasses the scale, taken by Geertner for a Vitellus, is mostly so thin and unsubstantial, as not possibly to contain any material portion of nourishment; but its expanded figure is very well calculated, like that of the leaves, for functions analogous to vegetable respiration, and its whole aspect conveys the idea of a primary or subterraneous leaf, quickly rendered superfluous by the production of real leaves, which, as well as the radicle, are probably, in the first stage of their evolution, fed by the abundant juices of the Albumen. It appears that the pretended Vitellus is not necessary to all plants furnished with this distinct kind of Albumen. The Palms and Orchidee prove to be desti- tute of it. On the other hand, I can find no instance of a sup- posed Vitellus, and a real Cotyledon or Cotyledons, i in the same plant. What Gertner terms the Cotyledons of Rhizophora, in his tab. 45, appears to me to be the Plumula, and i in his descrip- tions of some of the Scitamine@, he evidently takes the latter for a Cotyledon. . By understanding the Vitellus as a Cotyledon, all ambiguity respecting the component parts of any seed is removed. When the Cotyledons are two or more, the only question is whether the albuminous matter is lodged in their substance, . or whether VOL. IX. 2 E it 210 Dr. Smırn’s Inquiry into the Structure of Seeds. it forms a separate organ. When the Embryo is accompanied by a simple undivided organ or seed-lobe, we know it to be a Cotyledon by its strict union, or even partial incorporation, with the Embryo, as in Zamia*; whereas the pure separate Albumen of the true Palms has, as in every other instance, no more con- nection withthe Embryo, according to Gertner’s just remark, — than is absolutely necessary ; and moreover evinces its true na- ture by the chemical alteration, and speedy absorption, óf its whole substance. The Cotyledon, as I consider it, of Zamia, as in numerous parallel instances, shrivels and shrinks indeed considerably, from the absorption of its albuminous contents by the vegetating Embryo, but does not disappear, leaving: only a skin behind, like the Albumen of grasses or corn, because that part of its substance which is destined to perform the office, es- sential to a Cotyledon, concerning air, merely decays when its end is answered. It may further be observed upon: this subject, that the albuminous matter of seeds with two or more Cotyledons is commonly of an oily nature, while those with one Cotyledon or none at all, have a more farinaceous, or even stony, Albumen. Still the latter changes to a milky or oily fluid, previous to its absorption. When the vital principle of a seed is extinct, its albuminous oil becomes rancid, and, even in seeds that retain life, is liable to suffer some deterioration by keeping. Hence, as Darwin observes, gardeners preserve Melon and Cucumber seeds, perhaps for years, that the plants they produce may be less luxuriant, in consequence of. being starved at their first germination ; for any Mns the Cotyledons, even after they = H + MIND. CERA iat QUU 3 SUE i E 4 BS SASH CER Te! BID LM * Mr. R. Brown, who has observed the germination of a large species of Zamia in New Holland, assures me that he found no such incorporation of the parts ig question as Geertner has represented in his ¢. 3, and that the structure and evolution of every _ part bore an exact resemblance to Cycas as described by M. Aubert du Petit Thouars. ut Ri "^. begin Dr. Surrn's Inquiry into the Structure of Seeds. 211 begin: to rise «above ground, is found to cramp the subsequent growth of the plant. The oil of the Cotyledons has been usually supposed a protection to their internal parts, I presume against wet; but this purpose it by no means does or can answer, for all seeds readily absorb moisture whenever they meet with it, and, if likewise exposed. to the action of oxygen, they vegetate, in whatever situation they may otherwise happen to be. I suspect moreover that the oily and mucilaginous fluids of seeds in gene- ral, before they perform their office in germination, all previous- ly become milky, and often saccharine, from the actions of wa- ter and oxygen. It might be worth while to inquire, whether exposure of such seeds as are most prone to turn rancid, to a quantity of oxygen, would tend to preserve them. It is, I be- . lieve, found that the admission of some atmospheric air is ne- cessary to the preservation of many seeds. The primary .cause of decay therefore in seeds spoiled by keeping may originate, not, as I have supposed, in the extinction of their vital princi- ple, but in the corruption of their albuminous oils; and. this is strengthened. by the experiments of the French chemists, whose applications may much more readily be supposed to correct and ene the albuminous juices, than to bring the dead to life. . - This idea of the albuminous matter, whether oily, mucilagi- nous or farinaceous, being, when not a distinct and separate body, always wer in'the Cotyledons, throws additional light on the nature of the last-mentioned parts, and ina very beauti- ` ful manner confirms their analogy with leaves. ‘The discoveries of Mr, Knight have proved that the nutritious fluid or sap of plants is carried into the leaves, in order to be there acted upon by air, light, heat and moisture. After these agents have pro- duced their effects, the fluids are sent back, ‘hrough the return- ing vessels, into the branch or stem, to. furnish matter of increase 2E2 to ars 219 . Dr. Smitn’s Inquiry into the Structure of Seeds. to the whole vegetable body. The chemical experiments, of Dr: Priestley more especially, confirm this, by teaching us that car- bonic-acid-gas is absorbed by leaves in the day-time through their upper surface, and decomposed by them, its carbon being added to the sap, and its oxygen emitted by the under surface. In the dark, leaves are found to absorb oxygen. Let us apply all this to the germination of seeds. The oxygen, known, as I have already said, to be necessary to this process, being conveyed to the seed in its dark subterraneous situation, is absorbed by its Cotyledons, already stored, from the constitution of the parent plant during their formation, with albuminous matter abound- ing with the carbonic principle. "The chemical action of the oxygen on this albuminous substance, renders the latter a more or less saccharine, and, with the addition of the imbibed mois- ture, a milky fluid, fit to be transmitted, through the returning vessels of the Cotyledons, into the stem of the Embryo, espe- cially as all these important parts have already begun to swell by the absorption of moisture assisted by warmth. Hence we see why light is found hurtful to incipient germination, and why. carbonic-acid-gas may be given out by seeds at that period. We perceive also why the outside of seeds is so commonly dark- coloured, or even black, as in Canna, Afzelia, and others, it being the only part of the vegetable body, as far as I recollect;. that is ever positively black, except perhaps the skins of some fruits. It is, moreover, evident that all the indispensable func- tions of the Cotyledons are best performed under ground, and that when they rise into the air and light, it is not till after their primary destination is fulfilled, and then because, being funda- mentally of the nature of leaves, they are also capable; in-most instances, of assuming their functions with respect to light. It is highly worthy of notice that, in consequence of the ‘original: ei - position . Dr. Suiru’s Inquiry into the Structure of Seeds. 213 position.of. the Cotyledons in all seeds, the oxygen gas must al- ways be imbibed by their under side, that very same part which in leaves gives out this kind of gas during the day, and probably absorbs it during the night. It would have evinced a strange contrariety in the constitutions of two organs otherwise.so ana- logous, I mean the leaves and cotyledons, if the upper surface of the latter, while in the unexpanded seed, had been presented to receive the oxygen gas. Where there is a separate Albumen, without any. perceptible Cotyledons, it is probable that the stalk of the Embryo may answer the necessary purpose; just as the stems of leafless plants must be presumed to perform the usual chemical functions of leaves, though we. cannot ascertain in what direction the different airs are imbibed or discharged, there being no decided upper or under surface in:such stems, any more than in ensiform leaves.. Such, however, are rare exceptions, which if not, as yet, found to throw any new light on: the sub- ject, certainly do net overturn any important part of the above hypothesis. ‘That some: part, immediately connected with the Embryo, must be: stimulated in order to: excite the germina- tion of a seed, this; phenomenon: being dependent on the vital principle, is evident. I conceive that, when present; the Cotyledon or Cotyledons are themselves stimulated iby form. us is produced. by the. absorption of that. gas, so as to set their fluids in’ motion, and thus to: propel. the young root and rising Plumula. But when the Cotyledons are want- ing, the Embryo: may) very well be conceived capable of- suf- ficient; action ‘to imbibe for: itself the juices of a distinct Al- bumen; already become milky and saccharine by the reception of oxygen and moisture, by which merely chemical process, as in:barley, so considerable a degree of heat is evolved, as must very 214 Dr. Sarrrn's Inquiry into the Structure of Seeds. very’ powerfully excite the vital principle of the budding vege- table. In the few cases where one or more Cotyledons and a distinct Albumen are together present, it does not seem neces- sary that the gas should act through the former upon the Albu- men, the two organs being but little connected, and its opera- tion on the latter being independent of all vital or organic laws; but either the gas itself, or the heat produced, may very well so stimulate the vital principle of the Cotyledons, as to propel their fluids into the Embryo and assist germination. ‘This opinion is. the more probable, as those fluids must be supposed more truly of the nature of sap, and more immediately fit for the use of the infant plant, than the liquor of the Albumen. However this may be, the existence of a Cotyledon or Cotyledons, together with a separate Albumen, in seeds, seems to me so unusual, as not to occasion much difficulty, and 1 would define a Cotyledon to be a vital organ, capable, as such, of being stimulated by oxygen, heat, or both, for the propulsion of its contents; while such. an Albumen is merely a repository of nutritious vegetable mat- ter, subject to the laws of chemistry alone, and only passively resigning those contents to the. siia pem of the MHeorgós to which itisattached. |... 5 5 m I must now, under the. impression of. Pere pe p ben nd: vanced, return to the arrangement of plants by their Cotyledons. Plants in general are Dicotyledonous, having a pair of these organs, which commonly rise out of the ground ; but if they. do not, it appears, from the consideration of the Leguminous tribe, that such a difference could scarcely serve for a. generic distinc- tion, much less for that of a Class or Order. It also. appears that, if the number of Cotyledons exceeds two, as in Pinus and a few other instances, the difference is of little or, no use for sy- ehe purposes, and of no physiological importance what- x ever. Dr. Smitn’s Inquiry into the Structure of: Seeds. 215 ever. The Cotyledons of Pinus all present their backs. to receive the oxygen. | ‘Some plants appear to be really furnished with one ies Goi tyledon, as Zamia, and according to Gærtner’s figures and descrip- tions, the true Scitamineæ, as Amomum (his Zingiber), Alpinia, &c.; while Canna seems to have no Cotyledon, but only an Albumen. Can this be true? and if so, what is the value of such a distinc- tion in a natural classification? The Liliacee, Palme, and: now the Orchidee, are acknowledged to be Acotyledonous, havin g only an Albumen; while the Grasses, so nearly allied to them, have one Cotyledon, for I presume their scale must be admitted as such. Gsrtners phrase of Embryo mondcotyledoneus applied to these last-mentioned families may. occasion a mistake, which would be avoided by the term Embryo simples, or indivisus, ex- pressing his idea of the simple figure appropriate to this part in such plants, but which does not prevent its upper extremity being strictly analogous to the Plumula of the Dicotyledones. ` It seems to: me therefore that this learned writer is mistaken in say- ing the monocotyledonous plants never have any. Plumula. They _have not indeed that feather-like configuration in the ascending point of their Embryo which gave rise to the name, but. the or- gan so called is, and must: be, present... To. dispute about: the term is as little to the purpose as to contend that the Orchidee have no pollen, because it.is not.of a powdery appearance. - From Mr. Lindsay's account of: the: germination. of Femiv:i in our 2d Volume; this family must be deemed Monocotyledonous.. Their germination seems at first analogous to that of Mosses, as given by Hedwig in his Theoria, but the: numerous and branched Cotyledons of’ the latter overset all analogy, and. in- deed.all classification of. plants: by the number of: the. parts in u Nothing. could be more unnatural than to separate — Mosses. i :916. Dr. Smirn’s Inquiry into the Structure of Seeds. - Mosses for this reason from the other Cryptogamic vegetables, and therefore Jussieu can scarcely believe these parts to: be Co- tyledons; yet it is not possible to call them: any thing else, and to suppose them a peculiar, and hitherto unheard-of, organ, would . but increase the difficulty. Geertner in the Introduction to: his great work, p. 157, tells us he has seen many Cotyledons in se- veral Fuci also, and that he suspects others of the more imper- feet plants, hitherto referred to the Monocotyledones, may be si- milarly circumstanced. It seems that too much, by far, has been taken for granted in this department, though.the parts un- der consideration form the great hinge upon which all natural. systems turn. It is only by analogy that the great family, or na- - tural order, of Lichenes has been judged; Monocotyledonous, an .analogy which the Fuci if Gartner be correct, render very | doubtful. The germination of the Fungi i is at least "TS un- certain. | | I mean not however by any means to — the import- ance of the distinction between such plants as have two or more Cotyledons, and such as have only one or none, however inaccurate the terms commonly used to distinguish them may be. Much less: am I inclined to throw any needless impediments in the way of those who labour at the arduous and important study of natural classification, or to'detract from the well-earned fame of suclh'imen as Gartner and Jussieu, on account of difficulties and imperfections unavoidable in so abstruse a study. . No real friend to truth and knowledge ever foments invidious rivalships in philosophy. The field of science is now so vast, that its different cultivators find the advantage of dividing their tasks, and thus the students of physiology, of natural systems, and of artificial ones, may all powerfully assist each other. oc is s pursued by different paths, and nothing is more pleas- ing Dr. Suıtw’s Inquiry into the Structure of Seeds 217 ing than to see the various observers of Nature in a Society like ours, mutually and harmoniously contributing, as we have all. along done, to enrich the scientific hive. 1 would therefore con- clude by recommending those who have leisure and opportu- nity for the purpose, to observe for themselves the germination of the principal families of plants, not only of such genera as are in dispute, but of all about. which there can be any doubt, most of which will easily be indicated by a comparison of Gærtner’s work with the remarks in the foregoing pages. -~ Norwich, Nov. 2, 1807. LÀ Er. er AT m: ui NY Bikini u HORA y 4 cer peers tes T ey ta) a E inge Wr eee CU 0 YXOL.IX. - 2r ... XVI. Ob- e auglea G =e m. Plant. ee the utta Gamb ery y iti Characters of two other’ Spe- By William Hunter, Esq. 5e ce to the Asiatic — Segen by the qnn TTE Read June 16, 1907. - a aol doi Ir has been: a qtr io beoe and writers on the materia medica, whether the little cakes or lozenges called Gutta Gambeer be prepared from the Mimosa Catechu, or the -produce of a different plant. This question, if not already determined, I am enabled to resolve by actual observation, having seen the substance made from a species of Ne a clea, of which I beg leave x -to offer the following description. § |^ o = fons uncatus. Daun Gatta Gambir. Runph.. ink t. 5. 63. t. 34. fs 92. m oe F ar" oe E “Climbing: Brooches: round. - Leaves ovate, po smooth. Stipules two, lateral, | N IR NN IN dba cr. . | | | E auela Gambr. ' E : Mr. Hunter’s Observations on Nauclea Gambir. 219 Branches’ crowded, round, smooth; branchlets opposite, widely spreading. Leaves opposite, petiolated, ovate, pointed, waving, widely spreading, smooth, below marked with transverse bis rallel veins. | Stipules at the bases of the btarichlets and petioles, tfo. lateral, Kabel spar : widel ee shonihy caducous. , rg axillary, - satiti., nud. straight, : eint | . much shorter than the leaves; jointed near the apex "and bracteated : after the flowers have fallen, the lower, joint persistent, recurved, forming a hooked spine. -o Bracteas four, ovate, acute, spreading, very small, caducous. Flowers aggregate, globular; composed of very numerous ~ florets, crowded on a Siili, naked, "ie eis Tex .. ceptacle. S464) 1 Cal. Perianthium common, none. BET p rye d Proper, one-leafed, oblong, hucrnatánig y. germen, per- - sistent; mouth five-cleft, divisions lanceolate, erect. - Cor. as in the Genus. Stam. Filaments five, very short. Anthers oblong. > i Capsule stalked, oblong, incrusted and crowned. = the xi bon ; tapering to | are a ben walved; F^ valves ‚at the ; | En > the sides. - (21092058 Hose nisi te ail ay | Seeds very numerous, - hun viol small, c ee l " resse - nished at err ends with a membranc "us pappus. .. ni low ully spread, I suppose last a very "x time ; for bore 1 have eae looked for them, I was never able to find them, vies de | i ve been obliged to out the description of the Pistil. H csi wee c mtt + E 220 Mr. Hon rer’s Observations. on. Nauclea Gambir: From the leaves of this shrub is. prepared the substance called! Gutta Gambeer, in two. ways. ‘The first is by boiling the leaves*.. This process was. performed under my inspection, by a ‘Chinese,, at Prince:of Waless Island: Seven catties (or 94 lbs.) of the leaves, plucked clean from the stalks, were boiled in a large: pot for one hour and a half, adding more water as. the first wasted; till towards the end of the process, when it was inspis-. sated to the consistence of a very thin sirup. When: taken off: the fire, and allowed to cool, it became solid. It was then cut into-little squares, which.were dried in the sun, turning them. frequently... After. one month, I weighed. them, dni found ten. ‘ounces and two drachms, troy. weight. | s : The Gambeer, prepared according: te this ieem is. of a. brown colour; but from some parts of the Malay coast; and of Sumatra, it is brought in little round. cakes almost. perfectly. white... According to Dr. CAMPBELL of Bencoolen, this is made by cutting small the leaves.and young twigs, and infusing.them. in water for some hours, when a. feecula is deposited, which is. na by the heat. a, the sun, and moulded into round: Cakesioioo -zii 3 The: i Geniédn hen first, tasted; impresses. on: the. elite. a strong sensation of bitter and astringency. But it. afterwards. leaves. a sweetish taste, which. remains. a. long. time. From. these sensible qualities, it. might. reasonably be expected to. prove useful in medicine. And accordingly, we.are told that it has; been found beneficial. in. angina and aphthz, as well as. in diarrhea. and dysentery. The drug was infused in water, . to which it. gave. the colour of the infusion of bohea. tea+,_. Br. * ‘0 "Marsden! N Sumatra, p P NE he quotes, for a particular account of the. manufacture, the second volume of the Transactions of the Batavian oc -— * Murray lic, Seba, item. Buisson zn ous de Dysent. P. 297. 333d1 9 Me the. Afr. HoxTER'S Observations on Nauclea Gambir. 221 the Malays it is mixed with lime, and er exterunily to pie Y dis boils, &c. But the most frequent use of it is to chew, along with tlie rabid of Betel, in the same manner as the Kut (or Catechu) in other parts of India. - ^ For this purpose the finest and whitest kind is selected. - The red, being strong tasted and rank, is exported to China and Ba- tavia, where it is used for the purposes of tanning and dyeing.. For the first. of these uses we might suppose, from. its sensible qualities, that it is well calculated ; and some rough experiments. which T have made on it with animal gluten, compared with. those of Dr. Roxsuncnu — evince it to be richerin Tannin. than that substance. The chief places of manufacture are Malucet Siak and Rio s: and the process of boiling is most generally practised ; insomuch that the generality of manufacturers there are ignorant of there being any other. The colour and other qualities, they allege,. depend on the vessel and the skill or attention of the operator. Thus an old: manufacturer, with Chinese iron pots, will. produce a whitish drug; whereas with a Malay iron pot its colour will be browner: ‘The first — also pae a whiter: — than. He: a ones. For the cultivation of this. — a rich red soil is ictum. Jt gives the most luxuriant crop when the rains are frequent, but. Goes not thrive in grounds that are apt to be flooded. On this. account: the side of a hillis esteemed. better than any. other. si- tuation. | "The plants are jeofajtied: from — In: three —— after sowing, they appear above the ground; after this they grow fast, . and. may be moved to the field when nine inches high.. They. are there plantediat: the distance of eight or nine feet, so that | one: 222 Mr. Hunxter’s Observations on Nauclea- Gambir: one orlong (of eighty yards square) contains about seven hundred plants. At the end of one year from the time when they are planted.in the field, a small crop of the leaves is obtained. A larger is got in eighteen months; and the third at the end of two years, when the bushes have attained their full growth. "They con- tinue in their prime, and admit of being cut twice a year, during a period of twenty or thirty years; provided care be taken to keep thé ground clean and the roots free from weeds. Their tops must be cut so as to prevent themdiopa growing to a greater height than five or six feet. From good ground and a. garden : well TER ten peculs : (of 1334 Ibs..each) of dry Gambeer are usually obtained on every orlong twice a year, or twenty peculs per annum. : As it i is cut every six months, and should then be. boiled. off, the leaves ought to be of thesame age; but, from a want of. means, it often happens that the year is nearly expired before the cutting is done, which should. have been made at the end of six months, In this case the young leaves yield a whiter.drug than the old, As to the quantity afforded by each, in proportion to the. weight of leaves, I have received. contradictory. information, so that I conclude little attention has been. paid to this circumstance. 3 The price of the drug, at Prince of Wales's Island, varies from four to eight Spanish dollars per,pecul. . The finest and whitest kind is that formed into little round cakes or lozenges. It is sold byitale, at three dollars and a half for the Lara (or 10,000), and one: Lara weighs about 40 catties. This gives 8; dollars. for a Pecul. ‘The price of Sago at Prince of Wales’ s Island is generally abs three dollars per pecul.. Hence the manufacturer i is often tempt- ed to adulterate his Gambeer with this article, which mixes in- timately, but may be detected by solution in water. -+s+ praks: $55 The Mr. HvxTER'S-Characters of two Speciesof Nauclea, 223 The figure Tab. XXII. is copied from a drawing transmitted by Dr. Berry at Madras, to Dr; Roxpurcu. It exhibits the parts of thé flower, wliich I was unable to find; and also another . cireumstance, which never fell under: my observation, that is flower-bearing peduncles and recurved spines from the axille of the same pair of leaves. These spines are no doubt the pedun- cles of a former year. j 131133 f 1 j i 424 - UR = *. " 4 i Bar tts! ` FF T rj 227 , Pu E a , £T11 » £i EVA E $5 g + . F $ 2. NAUCLEA ACIDA. Climbing. Branches app n A g smooth; Leaves ovate, pointed, smooth. Stipules four, pointed. Pe- i duncles, axillary, solitary, simple, jointed, bracteated, * ‘recurved after flowering, persistent, |... _ The leaves have an acid taste riis 51570 camisD Seid Found at Soongey Cloovan. era gioi? T 3. NAUCLEA Rc. UE dE ba Yu rta tr Climbing. Branches four-cornered, pubescent. Leaves elliptic, short-pointed, rigid, rough below. Stipules two, lateral, lunate, two-lobed. Peduncles axillary, _ solitary, simple, jointed, bracteated, recurved after flow- ering, persistent. Stem shrubby, climbing. Branches opposite, brachiate, four-cornered, four-furrowed, pubescent, spreading. Leaves large, opposite, decussated, elliptical, short-pointed, waving, rigid ; above smooth ; below pubescent, nerved, reticulated. | ‚Petioles short, cylindrical, pubescent, spreading. wa IX Stipules t 224 - Mr. Hunten’s Characters of two Species of Nauclea. Stipules two, lateral, lunate, two-lobed, horizontal. Peduncles axillary, solitary, compressed, spreading, a little recurved, pubescent, twice the length of the petioles, near the apex jointed and bracteated : after the seeds have fallen, more recurved, and shar v like thorns. Bracteas six, lanceolate, verticelled, at the joint of the pe- duncle. Calyx common none; proper perianth continued above the germ, funnel-form, pubescent without; five-cleft, with segments lanceolate, erect. Cor. funnel-shaped ; tube twice as long as the calyx, di- lated above, villous without; segments of the limb ovate, obtuse. | Stam. Filaments very small, in the throat of the tube. An- thers lunulate, bifid at the base, incumbent. Pist. Germen ovate, easily split into two when the calyx i 1s Te- moved. Stigma ovate. ‚Found on the top of the hill at the same place. XVII. Obser- XVII. Observations respecting sevefal British Species of Hieracium. By James Edward Smith, M.D. F.R.S. P.L.S. Read January 19, and Februar, 3) 9, 1808. f it be incumbent on the more experienced cultivators of Na- tural History to correct the errors of their predecessors or con- temporaries, when they can do it with certainty ; it is more espe- cially the duty of every man to correct his own, whenever they become inanifest to him, either by his own deliberate subse- quent inquiries, or the remarks of other persons. Nor is he exempted from this duty, unless such remarks originate in sinister motives, and are in themselves TASTER false or totall y con- temptible. ud | Several species of Pireo Ze presumed t to be natives of Britain are involved in great doubt, and there are others con- cerning which the best English botanists are not sufficiently in- formed to give them as yet a place in their Floras. Of the for- mer I shall now principally speak, taking them in their proper order. The two first which present themselves in this light are HIERACIUM DUBIUM and AURICULA. Both these are allowed a place in the Flora Britannica on the authority of Hudson alone, for I never heard of any other per- son who had gathered them in Britain, nor of any who had even seen a native specimen of either. I have examined the neigh- VOL. IX., 26 bourhood 226 Dr. Smiru’s Observations respecting bourhood of the places mentioned in the Flora Anglica, and so I believe have many other botanists, without finding any thing which could be referred to these species. I was therefore obliged to content myself with avowedly copying Hudson, subjoining whatever I could ascertain as illustrative of these species; and in doing this I have been thought by a learned friend to have taken the one for the other. From this supposed error I now wish to ex- culpate myself;—at the same time the following observations may clear up the history of these plants, hitherto almost equally ob- scure to the botanists of every country in Europe. | It is necessary to premise that these two species are as distinct as possible from each other. What I understand as H. dubium is strikingly related to Pilosella, from which it differs chiefly in having more than one flower, generally 3 or 4, on a stalk, and hence probably obtained the name of dubium. Its leaves are short, obovate, blunt, much fringed at the base; its flowers le- mon-coloured both above and below; its calyx woolly, sprinkled with scattered, very short, black hairs. This is H. Auricula of Fl. Dan. t. 1111. My H. Auricula, the dubium of Fl. Dan. t. 1044, is generally a taller and larger plant, with fewer and smaller scyons from the root, longer and perfectly acute leaves, which are less copiously and regularly fringed; its flowers: smaller, more numerous, of the full yellow or orange-colour usual in the genus; the calyx clothed with very black long dense hairs. I now proceed to a chronological history of each. HIERACIUM DUBIUM is first mentioned by Linnzus in the first edition of his Flora Suecica, No. 634, under the specific cha- racter of * Lem integris ovato-oblongis, stolone repente, scapo nudo multifloro.” In the first edition of Species Plantarum it occurs under the same definition, except the advantageous alteration | of Í several British Species of Hieracium. 227 of stolonibus for stolone, and.the addition of its trivial name du- bium, such names having been first used by Linnzus in the last- mentioned work. Now this definition.accords well with H. du- bium of Fl. Brit., (the H. Auricula of Fl. Dan.) whose leaves are . obovate as in H. Pilosella, and almost, if not perfectly, entire, that is, free from teeth or serratures. At this time Linnzus had not contrived the term obovate, neither had he confined the words folia integra to undivided leaves, without respect to their margin. Four synonyms are subjoined in the Flora Suecica, which I shall now examine. _ 1. Hieracium foliis virentibus pilosis ovato-lanceolatis, $capo sim- plici multifloro. Haller Helv. (lst edition), 743. This author mentions the leaves being “ciliated, as it were, at their foot- stalk (or base), and that the flowers are sulphur-coloured.” He quotes Tabernemontanus’s Pilosella major prima, Ic. 196, and the synonym of Vaillant hereafter mentioned, besides others, all which circumstances leave no doubt of his plant being my dubium. This plant of Haller is the No. 53 of his 2d edition and of his Nomenclator, and what I have as such from Reynier and Davall is my dubium; but I must not conceal that Linnzeus has written * Pilosella Auricula” in the margin of his copy of Haller Ist edition. ! 2, Hieracium piloselloides vulgare. Vaillant Mem. de I’ Acad. des Sciences, for 1721, species 1. This is said in his Botanicon Parisiense, 101, to have its flowers lemon-coloured on both sides, and sometimes 4 or 5 on a stalk. No other decisive information is to be obtained from this author. In the German edition of his Memoire, which is the only one now within my reach, Lin- neus has written “ Hieracium dubium" in the margin, so that his opinion here exactly neutralizes the note in his Haller, and 262 we 208 — Dr. Suirru's Observations respecting we can only by other authorities judge between the two, and these accord with his note in Vaillant. i 3. Dens leonis, qui Pilosella folio minus villoso. Tours. M A69. Against this Linnzus has written, in his own copy, H. dubium, and the hand-writing, as well as the colour of the ink, agrees with names written in his herbarium when the Species Plantarum was first published. From Tournefort’s work nothing is even to ‚be guessed but by means of his synonyms. He quotes Bauhin’s Pinax, hereafter mentioned, also Pilosella major of Camerarius's Epitome, 109, drawn with one large flower on each stalk ; and Pilosella minor, folio angustiore, minüs piloso, repens, J. Bauh. Hist. v. 2. 1040, which has long lanceolate sharp leaves, many small flowers on a stalk, and appears to be either my H. Auricula, or H. cymosum; but the description throws no light upon the sub- — ject, and perhaps does not belong to the figure. A. Pilosella major repens minds hirsuta. Bauh. Pin. 262. Lin- nsus has likewise written H. dubium here in his copy of the Pinar. Bauhin quotes the Pilosella major of Camer. Epit. and also Lactucella sylvestr is repens of the same author, in his Hor- tus, 82, where is-to be found a description agreeing with my H. dubium much better than with Auricula. =e In the first edition of Sp. Pl. Linnzus quotes no synonyms but this of Bauhin, and his own Fl. Suec. just mentioned ; ex- cept Dalibard, from whom nothing is here to be learned, and Sauvages, who merely mentions that the leaves of his plant are lanceolato-ovalia ; but this accords with my H. dubium and not with Auricula: it therefore establishes the Pun of his "e: onym. In the second edition of Fl, Suecica, which comes natki in chronological order, H, dubium appears with its specific name, : hut several British Species of Hierdcium. 299 but its original character is unchanged, nor is there any altera- tion in the synonyms, except that Tournefort's is omitted, and a reference to the Sp. Plant. introduced. There is however the following observation. | - Rarissimé et passim occurrit, sequenti major, fortà dar eel alia qualiscunque varietas, omnibus partibus major, ncc repens." This note is very puzzling, as contradicting the specific cha- facter, and ] conceive it alludes not to the plant in its usual state, but to a supposed variety, being to be understood as follows. - * It very rarely here and there occurs of a larger size than the following” (which is what I take for Auricula) “and is perhaps a mule or some other kind of variety, larger in all-its parts, and not creeping.” Now this agrees with H. ambiguum of Ehrhart s Herb. 108, ga- thered by him at U psal, and which is really the cymosum of Lin- næus, though not mentioned as such in the Fl. Suec. This spe- cies is indeed larger than my Auricula, though otherwise resem- bling it, and rarely throws out any creeping scyons. I shall conclude my evidences of H. dubium, where in most cases I should have begun, with a reference to the Linnzan her- barium. ‘There we find one specimen only of the plant which I take for such, marked in ink * No. 6. dubium?" (with a sign of doubt) without any place of growth, or any pencil mark; which last is found on most of the authentic specimens that Linnzus ‚had before him when he wrote the 1st edition of Sp. Plant. being preparatory to his final distribution of them. The No. 6 refers to that work, but his own copy of it is not marked with a re- ference to his herbarium, as if he had bad an authentic specimen there. | "There is no alteration nor + addition respecting this. species in the 230 - Dr. Smıru’s Observations respecting the 2d edition of Sp. Plant. except a reference to Gouan, whose plantis that of Sauvages. In the interleaved copy of this 2d edition I find the following note. “ Caulis hirtus. Folia hirta, presertim subtus.” This is printed in the Syst. Veg. but throws no light upon the subject in dispute. With it is a mutilated ex- tract, written with a trembling hand when Linneus was very in- ‘firm, from Scholler’s Flora Barbiensis, which shows how anxious he was to the last for any new light respecting this doubtful plant. The original passage in Scholler is much to our purpose, and runs thus. | “ Folia obtusa, pilis rarioribus adspersa. Caulis parüm hirsutus, uno alterove foliolo donatus; flores 2 aut 3 in cacumine ferens." This suits what I understand to be H. dubium, but does not ac- cord with H. Auricula. ‘The latter is as characteristically de- scribed by Scholler thus. “Folia acuta. Caulis et calyces nigris setis adspersi. Folia pilis longis hispida.” So that this author un- derstood the two species as I do, and Linneus by copying him as above, surely sanctions his opinion. For this reason alone I cite him, for I could produce abundance of secondary authori- ties on my side, but my object is to ascertain the opinion of Lin- neus. SN iue | | ion Hırracıum Avrıcura of Linnzus is first mentioned by him in his Fl. Lapponica, n. 282, and afterwards in the 1st edition of Fl. Suec. n. 635, but of course, without the trivial name, which first appears in Sp. Pi. ed. 1. He speaks of it as common in the grassy wilds of Lapland, and quotes Linders and Frankenius, two Swedish writers, who only serve to prove the plant he meant a well-known native of Sweden. The former terms it Auricula muris angustifolia minor. 'lhese authors are however not quoted in the Fl. Suec. I proceed to examine the synonyms and: re- | : marks several British Species of Hicracium. 231 marks in the latter work, according to the plan I have followed respecting the former species. | - The specific character runs thus. ** Foliis integerrimis lanceo- latis, scapo nudo multifloro." This is continued in the 2d edition of Fl. Suec. and the first of Sp. Pl, the words * stolonibus rep- tantibus" being added in the 2d edition of the latter. ‘This cha-, racter accords with my H. Auricula, the word lanceolatis being precisely applicable to that and not to my dubium. l. Hieracium foliis integerrimis, caule repente, scapo nudo multi- floro. Hort. Clif. 388. n. 8. Here we find a description in which the leaves are said to be “lanceolate, erect, green, scarcely so long as the finger—flowers several—calyx encompassed with black hairs—radical scyons slender, furnished with very small leaves." ‘These characters precisely indicate my Auricula, and not the dubium. 2. H. piloselloides florentinum vulgari simile. Vaillant Mem. de l'Acad. des Sciences for 1721, species 2. This is an erroneous quotation, belonging to the H. flerentinum of Allioni, Fl. Ped. v. 1. 213, Hallers No. 54, a plant unknown to Linneus, on which I need not at present dwell, as it is much more remote from my dubium than from the species at present under consi- deration. 3. H. piloselle folio erectum minus. Tourn. Inst. 471. : Besides Bauhin’s Pinaz, hereafter mentioned, Tournefort quotes only the Pilosella major prima of Tabernzemontanus, which I have already mentioned as quoted by Haller for H. dubium, in my opinion justly. The only way therefore of judging concerning this syn- : onym of Tournefort is ‘by the species along with which he has arranged it, and these are H. premorsum, cymosum, aurantiacum, &e., all closely allied to my Auricula, and not to dubium, which atter 232 Dr. Smitu’s Observations respecting latterTournefort places next to Pilosella, i in his genus Dens Leonis, as above mentioned. 4. Pilosella major erecta altera. Bauh. Pin. 262. This author quotes the synonym of Tabernemontanus, P. major prima, and P. major latifolia of Gerarde. Now the figure of the latter is ‚the very same wooden cut as the P. major altera of Taberne- montanus, Ic. 197, which latter I therefore presume Bauhin meant to quote, instead of the prima, and that this error of his misled Tournefort, as noticed above. "This P. major altera may be Hieracium Auricula, or florentinum, or cymosum, but most as- suredly not my dubium. s 5. Pilosella repens minor, caule (erecto) pedali, polyanthes, foliis engustis oblongis. Rai. App. (Hist. Pl. v. 3), 147. The descrip- tion of this author is not very precise as to our purpose, and per- haps agrees rather better with H. dubium than with Auricula, but nothing conclusive can be gathered from it. 6. Pilosella. Till. Ic. 14. On this figure a learned botanist of my acquaintance bas chiefly rested his opinion of the plant now under consideration being H. dubium, which the said figure is thought most to resemble. I was staggered by this, as the work of Tillands might be supposed good authority for a Swedish plant, and to represent the most common species there of the two, not so rare an one as my dubium is said to be. But I per- ceive with no less surprise than satisfaction that this very figure is a servile copy of the Pilosella major prima of 'Taberneemon- tanus, and therefore in itself of no authority at all. Indeed Linnzus has omitted to refer to it in the subsequent edition of his Flora. To these synonyms a remark is subjoined in both editions of the Fl. Suec. as follows. z * Folia several British Species of Hieracium. ~ 953 “ Folia lanceolata, acuta. Caules et calyces nigris setis adspersi ; Folia hispida minimis pilis. In hortum academicum translata 1742, caulem bipedalem 1743, et flores quasi in umbellam, longis pedun- culis innixos, producebat.” . All this suits my Auricula, I now proceed to the evidence of the Linnwan herbarium, which is much more conclusive here than in the former instance. In that collection is a specimen of what I understand as | H. Auricula, marked as such by Linnzus himself, and agreeing with all that he says about it. This is pinned to another, num- bered 7, and both together were unquestionably considered by Linnzus, when he wrote his first edition of Sp. Pl, as H. Auri- cula, to which the number refers in that work, .and his copy of the book is marked, indicating that he had tle plant. But when he wrote his 2d edition of Sp. Pl., he distinguished between these two specimens, elaborately describing the latter by the name of cymosum, and leaving the other with its original deno- mination of Auricula. I conceive this decides the question be- tween H.dubium and Auricula, and that the 2 species are mis- taken for each other in the Fl. Danica. How far the cymosum, Ehrhart's ambiguum, may be really distinct from the Auricula is ‘another question. It appears to me only a larger plant. The cymosum of most authors appears to be the florentinum of Allioni. It may perhaps be not uninteresting to give here the opinion of my-late friend Mr. Davall, whose accuracy. and penetration I have daily opportunities | of proving, concerning these and the neighbouring species in Haller’s Historia and Nomenclator. His No. 50 is, of course, H. aurantiacum. 51 premorsum. 51 * cymosum. 59 Auricula. Bier 53 dubium. — VOL. IX. 2u . His 234, Dr. Smirn’s Observations respecting ww] His No. 54 florentinum, Allioni. 55 Pilosella. I find the late Mr. Dick sent No. 52 to Jacquin, as H. dubium, and hence misled the latter to consider 53 as Auricula, which appears by specimens from his herbarium, given me by Sir Joseph Banks. But indeed Jacquin seems to have confounded the two. The eminent German botanists Roth, Host, and Willdenow ap- pear to have understood these plants as I do. 1 trust there can- not in future be any confusion between them, and my anxiety to prevent this must excuse my prolixity on so dry a subject. HiERACIUM MURORUM. It has been suggested by Mr. Edward Forster, F.L.S., that the real H. murorum of Linnzus is the 8 of Fl. Brit. The following particulars will confirm this suggestion, and at the same time ac- count for, if not excuse, my mistake respecting this point. Hieracium No. 637, Fl. Suec. ed. 1, caule ramoso, foliis radi- calibus ovatis dentatis, caulino minore, the first authority for this Linnzean species, is certainly my variety 8, the H. macrocaulon hirsutum, folio rotundiore, of Ray, and the Round Hawklung of Petiver, t. 18. f. 2.—Pulmonaria gallica sive aurea, Taberne- mont. Ic. 194, is a most excellent representation of it. Pilosella major quibusdam, aliis Pulmonaria flore luteo, of J. Bauhin's Historia, v. 2. 1033, must be the same, his figure being a copy of that of Tabernemontanus. He gives as its synonym his brother's Hiera- cium murorum, folio pilosissimo, Pin. 199. This Swedish plant is preserved in the Linnzan herbarium, marked murorum, and numbered 15 in reference to Sp. Pl. ed. 1. ] have received it from Mr. E. Forster, who observes that it is known by having only one, rather small, cauline leaf, either in a wild several British Species of Hieracium. 235 a wild or cultivated state. That it is rather a rare English plant, _he-being not sure of having gathered it wild except “on Ched- der cliffs, Somersetshire ; on Pennard castle, Glamorganshire; and on rocks at Downton near Ludlow. It grows on an old wall near Enfield palace, but may have been naturalized there, as that was the site of Uvedale’s garden.” Besides the solitary cauline leaf, this plant is remarkable for its numerous, broad, rounded or heart-shaped radical leaves, which are always more or less wavy in the margin, especially towards their base, where they are often deeply toothed, and their teeth.are singularly radiated or divaricated, the first pair mostly pointing towards the root. The Linnean specimen shows this strongly; Mr. E. Forster's less remarkably. This accounts for Linneus’s having quoted the Pulmonaria gallica femina of Vaberneemontanus, 1c. 195, (instead of the figure’ above mentioned,) as it expresses this character very strikingly, as does J. Bauhin’s Piloselle majoris, sive Pulmo= nari lutee species magis laciniata, Hist. v. 2. 1034. . I have indeed no doubt that these two figures of 'Tabernzmontanus, and con- sequently those in J. Bauhin, represent mere varieties of one species. . - .. But my murorum a is also preserved in the Linnzan herba- rium, pinned to the former, with a corresponding number. Lin- neeus has written on its back that ** Gmelin affirms this to be the H. murorum folio pilosissimo of C. Bauhin," and it is evidently that “very hairy variety" which Linnz;us mentions, how cor- rectly I know not, as never found in Sweden. ‘This specimen of Gmelin probably led him, in the 2d edition of Sp. Pl., to quote H. macrocaulon hirsutum folio roiundiore, Rau Syn. 169, as a third variety of his murorum; but in copying Ray he has written longiore for rotundiore, the former word agreeing with his speci- men best. His own copy of the Synopsis shows he meant No. 8 of that work, not No. 9, and I believe he is correct as to this 2042 No. 8, 236 Dr. Surru's Observations respecting No. 8, except that it is his identical murorum, and not a variety. Ray, like Gmelin, has misapplied the above synonym of Bau- hin to my murorum a, his No. 6, a common plant, especially on walls, having lanceolate rather than ovate leaves, several of them growing on the stem, their teeth all pointing forward, and not divaricated. Ray further errs in his quotations of J. Bauhin and Gerarde for the same plant, which is well figured by Petiver, t. 13, f. A, and given by Ehrhart in his Herbe Exsiccat@, No. 147, from Hanover, as the real H. murorum of Linneus. I shall speak of it presently as a distinct species, by the name of syl- ` vaticum. Linneus misled me to quote the Corchorus of Dale- champ, which is the true murorum, for this species, or supposed variety. It will readily appear how far he combined with Ray, and Gmelin to induce me to consider my murorum a as the H. murorum folio. pilosissimo of Bauhin, and therefore as his own. | primary murorum. My attention having been recalled to the subject by Mr. E. Forster has not only convinced me of this. error, but also enabled me now first to. comprehend the two va- rieties of the real Linnzean murorum, whose synonyms I venture. to arrange as follows, under the annexed specific character. H. murorum, caule ramoso, foliis cordato-ovatis. repandis basi precipue radiato-dentatis: caulino solitario, «a. H. murorum a. Sp. Pl. ed. 1. 802. ed. 2. 1198. Fl Suec. ed. 1. n. 637; ed. 2. n. 701. Fl. Legis n. 284.. En Sib. v, 9 25. n. 22. . H. murorum &. Fl. Brit. 880. -— H. murorum folio pilosissimo. Bauh. Pin. 199, decided by his synonyms. | | ` H. macrocaulon hirsutum, folio rotundiore. Raii Syne edi 2.74. ed. 3. 169. gt Alsine, seu Auricula muris major. Trag. Hist. 276. Pulmonaria. several British Species of Hieracium. 237 Pulmonaria gallorum, sive Auricula muris major Tragi. Da- lech. Hist. 1328. also Corchorus. Ibid. 565; with the very same wooden cut, which is copied from that of Tragus. P. gallica sive aurea. . Tabernemont. Ic. 194, opt. P. gallica mas. Tabernemont. Kreuterb. 504, opt. P. gallica sive aurea latifolia. Ger. em. 304. Pilosella major quibusdam, aliis Pulmonaria flore luteo. Bauh. Hist. v. 2. 1033; copied from the last. Round Hawklung. Petw. H. Brit. t. 13. f. 2. - Pulmonaria gallorum rotundifolia levior. Barrel. Ic. t. 342; seems merely a smoother state of this variety. B.H. murorum &. Sp. Pl. ed. 1. 803. ed. 2. 1128. Fl. Suec. ed. 2. No. 101, B- Herb. Linn. . H. murorum laciniatum minüs pilosum. Bauh... Pin. 129. < Pulmonaria gallica foemina. T'abernemont. Ic.195+ Kreuterb. 504. . Piloselle majoris, sive Pulmonariz lutez species magis laci- niata. Bauh. Hist. v. 2. 1034; copied from the last.. I am much inclined to consider Ray's Hieracium leptocaulon. hirsutum folio longiore as belonging to this variety ; but on that subject more will be said under H. sylvaticum R. HIERACIUM SY LVATICUM+ | Before I proceed to define what must in future pass. under thie name, I cannot but give the truly curious history of the Hiera- ` cium Pulmonaria dictum angustifolium of Ray, on which this spe- cies originally depended for a place among British plants.. Johfison in Ger. em. 304. describes and figures a Pulmonaria gallica seu.aurea angustifolia, found. “on a hill at Sidmonton not far from. Newbery, in an old Roman camp, close by the decu- man port,” which he tells us Lobel and C. Bauhin confound with the H. murorum. folio pilosissimo of the latter. This is clearly. true = with. 238 Dr. Sumıru’s Observations respecting with respect to Bauhin; and Lobel’s account, such as it is, of this plant, in his Adversaria 253, should seem to belong to what Bauhin intended, the H. murorum of Linnzus; while the figure in Lobel's Observationes 317, and Icones 587, is a very different thing, being the very same eut as Johnson uses in Ger. em. 304. How Lohe: came by this cut I know not, but it unquestionably. belongs to Johnson’s description. Ray adopts this plant entirely on Johnson's authority, Syn. ed. 2. 74; and Dillenius does the same, ed. 3. 168, only adding a Welch station for it, on the au- thority of Dr. Richardson. What the plant of Richardson may be, matters little. My friend Dr. Lamb, F.L.S.. has helped me to decide upon the plant of Johnson, by means of a specimen gathered about 10 yards to the south of the abovesaid decuman port, and I have perceived with unfeigned surprise, that it is no other than a variety of Cineraria integrifolia! ‘The specimen is more dilated and less woolly than usual, and so precisely accords with the figure and description in Ger. em. that the only wonder is how any person could take the original plant for a Hieracium. Peace be to the manes of Johnson, Lobel, and Ray, while they settle among themselves their appropriate shares of the error !— I believe no other British genus can afford an example of two such mistakes in Ray as this and what I have noticed concern- ing H. murorum. "The synonyms of Ray and Ger. em. as well as Petiver's ¢. 13. f. 5, a copy of the latter, are therefore to be rc- moved from H. sylvaticum in the Fl. Brit. to since a verit of Cineraria integrifolia. Now whether Dr. Withering found this Cineraria on Dudley castle hill, or whether the plant of Richardson and Dfllenius be the same or not, I have no means of determining. -By Wi-. thering's reference. to Allioni’s tab. 28. f. 1, which that author confounds under Hieracium murorum, and to the H. syi aticum ef Gouan, (whose description well agrees with Hs murorum « Fl. Brit., several British Species of Hieracium. — 239 Brit., though his synonyms are extremely confused,) I am led to consider Withering's plant as Ray’s, not Bauhin's, H. murorum folio pilosissimo, and to retain for it the name of sylvaticum; only remarking that it is not the Linnean variety of the true murorum marked sylvaticum in the margin of Sp. Pl. 1 decline choosing a new name for it, because this has been adopted amongst us, and because it is difficult to find a more expressive one, not pre- occupied in some one or other of the authors who have lent their hands to elucidate or to embroil the species of Hieracium. But while I consider this as the sy/vaticum of Withering, I must re- mark that it is also confounded in the otherwise excellent de- scription of H. murorum given in his work from Mr. Woodward, though it seems Dr. Withering himself had correct ideas of the murorum. s My own account of H. sylvaticum FI. Brit. being REN taken from this writer, for I never tillnow could ascertain any thing certain about it, I subjoin the following more correct cha- racter and synonyms of what is now to go by this name, and which is a very frequent species in England. H. sylvaticum, caule ramoso, foliis ovato-lanceolatis basi præ- cipué antrorsüm dentatis : caulinis pluribus. a. H. sylvaticum. Gouan. Obs. 56, ex descr. With. 687. Gal- pine 67. H. murorum. Ehrh. Herb. 147. Alli. Ped. t. 28. f. 1. FI. Brit. a. 830. z H. murorum folio pilosissimo. Raii Syn. ed. 2. 74. ed. 3. 168. Pulmonaria gallica tenuifolia. Tabern. Ic. 195. Kreuterb. 505. . Pilosellze majoris, sive Pulmonari: lute: species angustifolia. Bauh. Hist. ©. 2. 1034. | French Hawklung. Petiv. H, Brit; t. 19. f&s — | | | 8. Hieracium 240 Dr. Smitu’s Observations respecting B. Hieracium leptocaulon hirsutum, folio longiore. Basi Syn. ed. 2. 74. ed. 3. 169? H. sylvaticum. Fl Dan. t. 1113. H. murorum y. Fl. Brit. 830.. | : H. pulmonarioides. Villars Dauph. v. 3. 153. t. SA? Il. glaucum pilosum, foliis ipsu dentatis. ..Dill. Elth. 180. 4.149? ari Ee Some uncertainty arises "ih respect to has synonym; jt jus for this variety, from his saying that “as ‚far as he remembers, there were no leaves on the stem of his plant, but all grew from the root." This, if true, agrees with the genuine A. murorum, and makes me more than half inclined to remove the ‚said. sy- nonym to the cut-leaved variety (8) of H. murorum; yet. the words folio longiore certainly agree best with the species before us, and such is Mr. E. Forster's opinion. We must look to some Westmoreland botanist to decide this question. Petiver's ,au- thority may not be thought of much weight, but he gives asa representation of this plant of Ray a copy of the Pulmonaria gallica femina of Tabernemontanus, which I have already cited under H. murorum B. The description of Ray accords perfectly with this, except. that he has not noticed the remarkable incisions in the leaves; and on the other hand the slenderness of the stem does not agree with the plant now under consideration, whose stem is stout and leafy... | This variety of H. syloaticum was brought from Westmoreland to Norwich in the year 1781, by the late Mr. Crowe, and having been planted in his garden, has since naturalized itself in the ' neighbourhood, in my own garden among others. -Its leaves are elegantly speckled with. black, and of a darker green than the common kind. The whole plant is also larger and stronger, - with very numerous flowers, but I can find no specific mark of di- stinction, several British Species of Hieracium. 241 stinction, though it is a permanent variéty, unaltered when pro- pagated by seed. | A specimen from Villars himself of his H. pulmonarioides ac- cords in every particular with this variety, except that it is not above half so tall, and its calyx and flower-stalks are rather more abundant'in black prominent glandular hairs, both cir- cumstances to be attributed probably to its being a wild speci- men. I have thought it safest however to quote this excellent author with a mark of doubt. My plant has no affinity to IH. amplexicaule, with which he compares his. | To this writer I:am obliged for occasioning me to stumble upon the plant of Dillenius, ż. 149, which Villars cites under cerinthoides, certainly without any propriety, but which I con- fess myself, like my predecessors, to have hitherto overlooked or left undecided in despair. Dillenius refers it, with doubt, to Ray's H. macrocaulon hirsutum folio rotundiore, which is certain] y H. murorum of Linnwus as above mentioned. This plant of Dillenius, found by Richardson, cannot be referred to that spe- cies, on account of the lanceolate and decurrent form of its ra- dical leaves, and especially the manner in which they are tooth- ed; not to mention its more leafy stem; in all which points it agrees with sylvaticum. Yet its “ glaucous leaves and pale yel- low flowers" do not suit either variety of the sylvaticum. This plate of the Hortus Elthamensis is one of the very few left un- marked by Linnzus in his own copy of that work. Itis surely the H. Lawsoni of Villars, of which I have a Pyrenean speci- men, gathered by Mons. de St. Amans, and given me by the Rev. Mr. Kirby, seemingly authentic. Villars considers this as H. leptocaulon hirsutum folio longiore of Lawson and Ray, which we have just found so much difficulty in determining, and, if right, he has cleared up a very difficult question for us British WERL. IX. - CON E botanists, 242 Dr. Smitnu’s Observations respecting botanists, which Dillenias and Petiver have helped to obscure. I must leave the matter still in doubt till we recover the plants of Lawson and Richardson, from their native places of growth in Westmoreland, an object well worthy the attention of some accurate travelling botanist, who may perhaps be rewarded by finding H. dubium and Auricula in the same tour. HIERACIUM CERINTHOIDES. I am enabled to add this species to the list of British Hawk- weeds, on the authority of a specimen sent in 1803 by Mr. George Don, who informs me it is by no means a scarce plant in the highlands of Scotland, growing upon rocks. Its charac- ter and synonyms are as follows : H. cerinthoides, caule corymboso, foliis pilosis subdenticulatis: caulinis oblongis semiamplexicaulibus; radicalibus obova- tis, petiolis barbatis. XH. cerinthoides. Sp. Pl. ed. 1. 803. ed. 2.1129. Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 9. 1580. Gouan. Illustr. 58. t. 22. f. 4. Villars Dauph. v. 3. 110. t. 32. | H. pyrenaicum folio cerinthes, latifolium et angustifolium. . Schola Botanica, 189. : Tourn. Inst. 472. In the 2d edition of Sp. Pl. Linnzus cites for comparison with this a plant of Haller, which is no other than H. villosum, H. cerinthoides is not known to be a Swiss plant, at least it is not among those of Haller, his No. 36, which has been taken for it, proving upon comparison to be the amplezicaule of Linnzus. Ihave two specimens of the cerinthoides in Mr. Davall's herbarium, but no indication of their being gathered in Switzerland. Few au- thors seem to have known this species, for Tournefort merely Eee the two barren definitions, under which it stands in the i Schola several British Species of Hieracium. 243 Schola Botanica, supposed to have been published by the cele- brated William Sherard. . It may therefore be esteemed a curi- ous addition to our Flora. We are also indebted to Mr. G. Don, for H. aurantiacum, as mentioned in Eng. Bot. t. 1469; and I have imperfect information, or insufficient specimens, of several more Scottish species of this difficult genus, which I hope future observations may elucidate. Tis XVIIL Spe- ( 244.) XVIIT. Specific Characters of the Decanirpus Papilionaceous Plants of New Holland. By James Edward Smith, M.D. F.R.S. P.L.S. Read February 16, 1808. Ix the first volume of Dr. Sims and Mr. Konig's Annals of Bo- tany, p. 501, I attempted a discrimination of the genera of this intricate tribe, merely enumerating the species of each genus that were already described by stiller, and giving specific cha- racters of new ones only. It has been suggested that the uni- formity of my plan required characters of all the species, those already extant being mostly useless, in consequence of the pre- viously unfixed state of the genera; for Linnwus well observes that a specific name or character without an established generic one, is “ like a clapper without a bell.” I the more readily un- dertake to supply the above-mentioned deficiency, because the liberality of my much-valued friend Mr. Menzies has enabled me to enrich my catalogue of species with several new ones. I regret that from the discontinuance of the very useful work in which my first essay on this subject appeared, the sequel must be destined to a different publication ; still this can be but of small moment to those few botanists who may be expected to look deeply into the matter, and who, most assuredly, will be furnished with both. I think it best here to repeat the essential characters of each genus, more especially as some of them may receive improvement or correction in consequence of subsequent | observa- Dr. Surriüi's Specific Characters of New Holland Plants. 245 observations. Under the definition of each species I confine myself to a citation of figures, omitting other synonyms already given, either in that part of the Annals above quoted, or by Mr. Dryander in the second volume of the same publication, p: 518—590. A great portion of these plants indeed require to be illustrated by plates, particularly the many new species which I am here, for the first time, about to describe. But as they probably have fallen in the way of Mr. Brown and Mr. Bauer, in their botanical examinations of New Holland, they will unquestionably be delineated, in the work which the public so eagerly expects from these gentlemen, in a manner which would supersede any other attempts of the kind, especially from dried specimens. I shall therefore confine myself to specific de- finitions, with such short remarks as may serve merely to assist in distinguishing the genera and species, or to clear up any errors or defects that I may have discovered in my former paper. ‘The new species not mentioned in that paper are distinguished by an asterisk. 1. Putrenma. Bot. of N. Holl. 35. Calyx ‚quinquefidus, bilabiatus, utrinque appendiculatus: Corolla papilionacea : : alis vexillo brevioribus. Stylus subulatus. | — Stigma simplex, acutum. i Legumen uniloculare, dispermum. 1. P. stipularis, foliis linearibus mucronulatis planis subciliatis - rectis, stipulis solitariis binervibus laceris patentiusculis. Ti stipularis. Bot. KÄ N. Holl. t. 12. Curt. Mag. t. 475. This plant, like all those inenkisined without any. particular pn: of growth, in the following pages, is found near Port Jack- son, 246 Dr. Smitu’s Specific Characters of son, New South Wales. It is conspicuous for its large heads of handsome yellow flowers, its long, narrow, straight, ciliated, and densely imbricated, leaves, and its very long, tawny, laciniated stipulas, whieh spread a little from the branches, or, if some- times pressed to them, are too narrow to embrace or sheathe them like those of the next species. 2. P. paleacea, foliis linearibus mucronulatis revolutis apice re- curvis, stipulis solitariis binervibus vaginantibus membrana- ceis laceris. Much smaller and more branched than the preceding, with small, but very numerous, heads of flowers. The leaves are re- volute, silky beneath with close-pressed hairs, but not ciliated, and&heir points are recurved. ‘The stipulas are dilated, thin, membranous and white, with two brown ribs. They embrace the stem and are very conspicuous, though liable to be injured, and partly obliterated, by time and weather. The long and pointed bracteas reach much higher than the tops of the flowers, which is not so evident in the foregoing. * 3. P. elliptica, foliis ellipticis concavis pilosiusculis, stipulis. '" solitariis binervibus villosis imbricatis. The leaves of this species differ from all other known Pultenec with simple stipulas, in their elliptical form, which nearly ap- proaches that of P. villosa hereafter described, and they are also, asio that species, concave above, convex and rough with pro- minent points beneath. A few long loose white hairs are obser- vable on some of them, chiefly at the margin. The stipulas are, as in the 2 first species, intrafoliaceous, simple, closely pressed to the branches, and so long as to lap over each other; they are elliptical, shaggy with white hairs, furnished with 2 ribs and an : inter- the Decandrous Papilionaceous Plants of New Holland. 947 intermediate furrow. Flowers for the most part so clustered about the tops of the branches as to seem terminal and’ capitate, but they are really axillary, and some of them are evidently so from the first. By the elongation of the branches all the fruit is lateral. The petals are of a decp yellow. Appendages at- tached to the base of the calyx, whose teeth are long, slender and hairy. 4. P. pital foliis linearibus retusis mucronulatis pilosis, sti- pulis geminis minutis, bracteis ovatis calyce brevioribus. . P. linophylla. Schrad. Sert. Hannov. 28. t. 18. + This flowered in Kew garden in January 1791, for the first time probably in Europe: It has a more upright wand-like habit than P. paleacea, with leaves somewhat angular and dilated at their apex, as well as slightly pointed. The minute separate sti- pulas, and the ovate blunt bracteas, which, instead of sur- mounting the flowers, are shorter than the OR — distinguish it. 1:13 5. P. retusa, foliis linearibus retusis muticis glabris, stipulis ge- minis minutis, bracteis ovatis vix longitudine pedunculorum. Very like the last in habit; but the abrupt, often emarginate, perfectly smooth leaves, not dilated at their apex, mark it at first sight, and the very small bracteas confirm the specific dif- ference. This also was among the very first New oe p ever raised in England. 6. P. daphnoides, foliis Ears ERS u, EEE glabris, stipulis geminis minutis, bracteis ovatis calyce brevioribus. P. daphnoides. Andr. Repos. t. 98. "In size, and beauty of its flowers, this equals or excels the 21 first 248 | Dr. Suırn’s Specific Characters of first species; in habit and botanical characters it more accords with the two last, as will appear on a comparison of their speci- fic definitions. The name, which more particularly alludes to its resemblance in general form to the beautiful Daphne collina, was given by me many years ago, and transmitted by our nur- serymen to Germany. T. P. flexilis, foliis obovato-linearibus mucronulatis calyeibusque glaberrimis, stipulis petiolo longioribus, racemis terminalibus subfoliosis. The petfectly smooth-sided calyx distinguishes this species from all the rest. The flowers are not capitate as in nearly all the foregoing, but grow in short terminal racemi, more or less accompanied by leaves, “and always by real stipulas, at the in- sertion of their partial stalks, though quite destitute of bracteas. The presence of stipulas, and sometimes of leaves, proves the racemi to be but of a spurious kind, approaching to the axillary, and perfectly lateral, inflorescence of the following. | 8. P. villosa, folis ellipticis concavis nuleque paons, floribus axillaribus solitariis. P. villosa. Curt. Mag. " 967. A dense bushy shrub, with numerous short leafy branches, and copious axillary solitary flowers of an uniform yellow. ‘The leaves are short, elliptical, concave, pointless, clothed with pro- minent hairs, and the branches are more densely villous... The stipulas are longer than the footstalks, and often connate. No bracteas are observable. The appendages grow from towards the base of the calyx, and are longer than its tubular part, having a more leafy appearance than in any other ‘species of Pultenaa. ` > "3. Aorus, the Decandrous Papilionaceous Plants of New Holland. 249 2. Aotus. Ann. of Bot. v. 1. 504. Calyx quinquefidus, bilabiatus, simplex. Corolla papilionacea : - alis vexillo brevioribus. Stylus filiformis. Stigma obtusum. Legumen uniloculare, dispermum. | 1. 2A villosa. Curt. Mag. t. 949. Pultenza villosa. Andr. Repos. t. 309. L ericoides. Ventenat. Jard. de. la Malmaison, t. 35. I have hitherto met with no other species of Aotus than this. The genus itself has, since its publication, received the sanction of the most able botanists, and, amongst others, of the present intelligent editor of the Botanical Magazine. I need not here repeat the reasons which first led me to establish it, nor do they require to be supported by a any new ones. The calyx is two-lip- ped in Aotus as well as in Pultenaa. 3. GOMPHOLOBIUM. Tr. of Linn. Soc. v. 4. 220. Calyx campanulatus, simplex, quinquepartitus. Corolla papi- _ lionacea. Stigma simplex. Legumen ventricosum, sphericum, uniloculare, polyspermum. | T G. grandiflorum, folis ternatis linearibus mucronatis rectis, - ramulis angulatis glabris, carina imberbi. G: grandiflorum. — Exot. Bot. t. 5. The leaflets are extremely narrow, rigid, with a straight pun- gent point. Flowers ue and Wende of a bright uniform yellow. | | 2. G. latifolium, foliis ternatis obovato-oblongis ' planis. venosis, - ramulis angulatis glabris, carina fimbriatä. G. latifolium. Ann. of Bot. v. 1. 505. 3, 2. 519. VOL. IX. - | 2K G. fim- 230 ^ = "Dr. Smrrn’s Specific Characters of “Go fimbriatum. ‘Exot! Bot. (.58. ^ ^^ — > G. psoraleæfolium. : Salisb. EB EEE Ce | “The flowers. of this are even more large and handsome than those of the preceding, and their strongly fringed keel affords an excellent specific character. The leaflets also are much broader, truly obovato-oblonga though varying in bluntness, and yeiny on both sides. They are tipped with a minute straight point. I gladly accede to the decision of Mr. Dryander, who has adopted my original name latifolium, in preference to fim- briatum, given on the report of a much broadet-leaved species in Kew. garden, which perhaps i is erroneous. ite | ss: GL scabrum, foliis ternatis ee Tennis ae mu- ~ ticis, ramulis teretibus pubescentibus. . , "Found by Mr. Menzies near King George's Sound on the west coast of New Holland. Its leaflets are rough with minute cal- lous points, a and not above half an inch long. Flowers axillary, situated towards the summits of the branches, about half the size of the first species, with a somewhat downy-edged, but not fringed, keel. Their colour in the dried specimen is purplish, the wings and keel being of a darker redder hue than the stan- dard; but I dare not from thence judge of their colour when living, as some flowers of this tribe are subject to very extraor- dinary changes in drying. The Daviesi@ in general lose all the ‚yellow of their petals by that process, retaining. only a a rich pur- ple hue; which i is crimson in the fresh plant. „The same e thing 3 may happen in this Gompholobium. — The G. maculatum of Andrews's Repository, t. 497, seenis host akin to this species, though apparently sufficiently distinct. Not having seen a qoM I decline NEN a hera ena it from the drawing only. pcr VS X VE des ofl RU CURA SS 4. G. mi- the Decandrous Papilionaceous Plants of New Holland. 251 4. G. minus, foliis ternatis linearibus levibus aduncis mucrona- tis, ramulis teretibus hirtis, « carina nuda. - < This has the habit of the last, and is wean) y of thiis same size. Its flowers are unquestionably yellow. The recurved points of the leaves mark it at first sight. The flowers are ‘terminal and handsome. 5. G. pinnatum, foliis impari-pinnatis maltijugis. hevibus, caule = „tereti flexuoso glabro. roa di cd have seen but one specimen of the present species, gathered bs Dr. White near Port Jackson, and that has only flower-buds and ripe fruit. I can therefore say nothing of the corolla. The plant is small, and seemingly annual; its stem branches froin the bot- tom, and the species is distinguished from all the rest of its ge- nus, and indeed of the whole tribe under consideration, as far as I have any information, by its pinnated leaves, which, never- theless, evidently and strictly accord in habit. with. those of the other species of Gompholobium. — ‚The name of this genus applies to the tumid. shape of the le- gume,. which swells, from a narrow base, upward ; according to the primary signification of you@os, a word thence used to ex- press a club, a wedge, or any Hung; formed on a similar prodigi cm verior OP SIE HE tier dde f 1 es 7 p — -Labillardiere's Fob v. 1. 405.. ei quinquefidus, bilabiatus. - Corolla papilionacea. Stigma ` simplex. Legumen Pied, ventricosum, uniloculare, per ,,spermum.. » C. ilicifolium, foliis alteris oblonga ing tificio-deniakied spi- nosis, racemis tert US,.,;i C. por Labillod. Voy. 4 4. 1. 405. t. py AESA 2x 2 T narum. ~ 3 ae 239 5 Dr. Smurn’s Specific Charazters:of C. nanum. Curt. Mag. t. 1032.. Pultenza nana. Andr. Repos. t, 434. M. Labillardiere originally discovered this plant on the south- west coast of New Holland, at the foot of the mountains, in a loamy soil, near a spot where, after being tantalized with find- ing many salt springs, his party had just met with an ample sup- ply of fresh water. This welcome refreshment, of which he speaks feelingly in his book, seems to have suggested a name for ‚his plant, which he had properly determined to constitute a new genus. He called it Chorizéma, evidently, as I presume, from xogos a dance, or joyful assembly, and “uz a drink, in allusion to the circumstance just mentioned. This occasioned me to take the liberty of changing the gender of the name, which he had made feminine, and I have taken the further liberty of changing the 2 for an o, an alteration which the derivation seems to au- thorize, and indeed to render indispensable. I trust I shall now be justified in the eyes of my friend Dr. Sims, see Curt. Mag. 1032, whose ingenious derivation of the word in question from. eua a mischief or punishment, “from the inconvenience its spinous leaves must occasion to the naked-footed dancers of that coun- try," would have seemed very. probable, had there been. nothing to guide us to the other; but in that case the name must have been Chorozémia, as well as of the feminine gender. I have never seen a specimen of Chorozema manum, but from the figures and descriptions I find no solid specific distinction between that and the ilicifolium. - If I am wrong, I shall be glad to be corrected. My speciniens of the latter were gathered by Mr. Menzies, near King Come: s Sound, on the west coast iof New Holland, latitude 35 south, T ua Looe gor KORTIT ET ts) 9. G tri- the Decandrous Papilionaceous Plants of New Holland. 253 2. C. trilobum, foliis suboppositis hastato-trilobis integris denta- tisve spinosis, racemis axillaribus folio brevioribus. - Pultenza ilicifolia. Andr. Repos. t. 320. "This species, brought from Port Jackson, New South Wales, is evidently nearly akin to the preceding, both in characters and habit. The leaves indeed are generally, but not very strictly, opposite, nor can any generic difference be presumed from such a circumstance in a New Holland plant. The spinous stipulas of a Chorozema can never be mistaken, nor can any genus be more natural. The leayes of all the known species are simple, and reticulated with numerous veins, being on the whole broader than those of any other genus of this famil y- S fis scandens, foliis suboppositis ellipticis indivisis, racemis ter: minalibus elongatis, calyce pilosiusculo. — The stem is twining; its branches terminated by loose pendu- lous bunches of yellow: flowers, variegated with red, whose ca- lyx is slightly besprinkled with short close-pressed hairs. The leaves are, as in the last, not constantly nor strictly opposite ; they are smooth above, and nearly so beneath; their margin wavy and somewhat crenaté. I received specimens of this spe- cies from Dr. White. at Port Jackson, but have never seen si in any garden, nor is it, T be lieve, an y where figured. T Ey *4. C. sericeum, folis subalternis ellipticis, racemis axillaribus . longitudine foliorum, calyce sericeo, vexillo angustato. — Gathered at King George's "Sound by Mr. Menzies. The twining stem is like the last, but the leaves are more decidedly alternate, except at the extremities of some short lateral branches: ' they are also rather more coriaceous and wavy, and more silky atthe back. The flowers are widely different, thrice as large, growing 254 |. Dr. Smrrn’s Specific Characters of growing 3 or 4 together in slender loose axillary clusters, on silky _ stalks, each cluster not longer than its corresponding leaf. The calyx is large, campanulate, and beautifully silky with innume- rable close-pressed hairs. The shape of the petals can but. im- perfectly be determined by my specimen, and their proper co- lour not at all, they being at present of an uniform brown; but the standard seems unusually small and narrow, and the keel proportionably large, which may in this case assist the specific distinction, but not interfere with the generic ‘character, so clear- ly stamped in every other part. I have not seen the fruit either of this or of Chorozema scandens; but their germens are clothed with dense bristles, longer than the silky hairs observable i in the two first species. — * 5, C. coriaceum, foliis elliptico-subrotundis. retusis coriaceis sparsis, umbellis axillaribus pedunculatis, calyce hirsuto. | Found also by Mr. Menzies at King George's. Sound. his is a stout, upright, firm and rigid sheik, whose branches appear to be ternate, and whose leaves are peculiarly thick and coria- ceous. ‘Their apex is deeply. emarginate, with ; a scarcely per- ceptible blunt. point ; their margin cartilaginous, ‘somewhat i in- clined to be revolute; their under side finely silky; their upper smooth, beautifully reticulated with innumerable interbranching veins, more prominent than in the two last : species. The flowers grow in dense axillary umbels, on silky stalks, much shorter than the leaves. The calyx is densely clothed with long loose hairs. The style is somewhat dilated and flattened, which circumstance is, though less conspicuously, observable in the last. 'The stig- ma however is not at all dilated, but of the simple form - proper to the genus, A reconsideration of this part in all the species has induced me to leave out the word acutum in the generic cha- T racters the Decanirous;Papiliónaceous Plants of New Holland. 255 racters, of Chorozema and. Gompholobium, as applying less cor- rectly to these genera than to Pultenea and Daviesia. The more we study.any papilionaceous plants, the more we shall be aware of the importance. of this part, on which Linnæus has so inch inus in ch their ehenie es ee i Sisal nia Tr of Linn. Soe: v. 4. 290. jen angulatus, simplex, quinquefidus. Corolla papilionacea. Stylus subulatus. Stigma šiitiplez, acutum. Degumen. com- - pressuti, monospermum. © : T D. acicularis, foliis- ee a revolutis. pungentibus strictis denticulato-scabris, floribus axillaribus solitariis. À hard rigid branching shrub, with very numerous scattered spinous leaves, about an inch long; all linear, rough to the touch, narrow, revolute, except a few of the first upon seedling plants, which. are lanceolate. and nearly. flat. The flowers are. copious, axillary, solitary, on very short stalks with a few concave smooth bracteas. Calyx bell-shaped, divided half way down into 5 teeth. Corolla yellow variegated with crimson, but, in drying, the yellow changes to white, and the crimson becomes purple, as pps to bs the ORE. in pi», whole genus, ‘The pods are re- veia point T. chesnut teo oloured, and hey are twice as large as (s jii i a careful examination a pair. of minute awl- shaped stipulas are found, one on each side of. the insertion. of the leaf, which. 1 had hitherto, overlooked, ; nor can. I in Any, except in one species, besides, PERE eio i *2. D. incrassatas. foliis. BanmicdindtiMnne compressis. ee _ bus obliquis incrassatis spinosis; floribus,axillaribus solitariis. : "tpa singular, and hitherto nondescript, species was. dis- covered \ Ex y came 5 Kc EON, a 256. Dr. Surru's Specific Characters of covered by Mr. Menzies near King George's Sound.’ Its whole habit is thick and clumsy, its leaves and young branches being apparently succulent when fresh. The insertion of the former is peculiar, their base being perfectly decurrent, and, as it were; incorporated with the branch, without any traces of a footstalk; or any other mark of separation. They are scattered, vertical, compressed, recurved, linear, more or less dilated upward into a sort of protuberance or angle on the upper edge, the lower run- ning in a straight line to the spinous point. The surface is every where rough to the touch, but not hairy nor denticulated. Flow- ers few, axillary as in the foregoing, apparently yellow. The stem is woody and very much branched: —^ ^ ^ — - 3. D. ulicina, foliis lanceolatis planis pungentibus. strictis levi- bus, floribus axillaribus solitariis. — D. ulicifolia. Andr. Repos. t. 304. A very bushy shrub, with sessile, not decurrent, small lanceo- late smooth leaves. The flowers, with their stalks and bracteas; are similar to those of the first species, but rather smaller. The branches are roughish. — - EINEN. Moy Hun | *4. D. reticulata, foliis lanceolatis pungentibus utrinque reticu- lato-venosis, stipulis intrafoliaceis geminis, floribus axillaribus - solitariis. | ? A branching shrub, seemingly of humble growth, found by Mr. Menzies at King George's Sound, and very remarkable at first sight for its beautiful leaves, which are prettily reticulated on both sides with yellow interbranching veins, disposed with pe- culiar neatness and regularity. It is however far more remark- able, when accurately examined, for the presence of a pair of small intrafoliaceous stipulas, resembling those of Pultenea lino- phylla the Decandrous Papilionaceous Plants of New Holland. 257 phylla and its more immediate allies, which are of so much im- portance in the present case, that I feared, at first discovering them, they might, in some measure, invalidate the genus of our plant. The bracteas also resemble those of a Pultenea, being silky at their backs, and closely imbricated round the base of the almost sessile flower. The calyx however is simple, and best agrees with Daviesia, as does the aspect of the leaves and’ of the corolla. The stipulas moreover connect this species with D. acicularis, the ‚only species besides in which I can find traces of such appendages. The stigma is perfectly acute; and the - germen, in the only flower I have been able to dissect, so small and round, that it evidently accords better with the present gc- — nus, than with the oblong many-seeded fruit of Chorozema, to which I have had some’suspicion that this plant might belong. Those who may have an opportunity of ever seeing the ripe fruit, must finally settle the point. The germen is so beset with bris- tles, that nothing can be discovered: conperning. its: sigueta or contents. | 5. D. squarrosa, foliis cordatis pungentibus reflexis margine sca- - bris, pedunculis axillaribus unifloris subsolitariis. The slender compound wand-like branches of this shrub are furrowed and rough, densely clothed from top to bottom, with small, scattered, sessile, reflexed, rigid, heart-shaped leaves, having a thickened rough edge, and a spinous point. Almost every leaf is accompanied by one, rarely two, slender, axillary, smooth, simple flower-stalks, each about as long as the leaf, with a few concave round bracteas at its base, and bearing one little flower, variegated, as it appears, with yellow and red. ‘The ca- - lyx is obscurely two-lipped, inasmuch as there is rather less distance between the two upper teeth than between any other «VOL, IX. 2L two, 258 Dr. Surrn's Specific Characters of two. I have not seen the ripe legume, nor any living specimer: of this or the five following species.. 6. D. umbellulata, foliis lanceolatis planis pungentibus, pedun- culis axillaribus solitariis umbellatis subquadrifloris, calyce , truncato. . Akin to the last in habit, but the leaves are much longer and not reflexed ; they are also nearly, if not quite, smooth. Each is accompanied by one axillary flower-stalk, shorter than the leaf, clothed with a few minute scattered bracteas, and bearing an umbel, with several larger bracteas at its base, of generally 4 flowers, much like the foregoing, except that the upper axa of the calyx is singularly truncated and not cloven. | 7. D. corymbosa, foliis lineari-oblongis planis muticis, pedunculis axillaribus geminis corymbosis mukisoris, calyce regulari. The leaves are 5 or 6 inches long, resembling those of several simple-leaved New Holland Mimosa, somewhat oblique; smooth, entire, acute, but without any terminal spine. I am not very clear whether there be any rudiments of stipulas or no, . Flower- stalks axillary, in pairs, corymbose, rather unequal, one being earlier than the other, neither of them so long as the adjoining leaf. They bear a few scattered concave iN as well as one under each partial stalk, and they terminate in 10 or 12 such single-flowered stalks, somewhat scattered, a few of the uppermost only being umbellate, and all together forming a sort of corymbus. 'The flowers are, in a dry state, white variegated with purple; but their original colours are, probably, like those of ether species of Daviesia, yellow and crimson. The calyx-teeth are short, and all as nearly equal and regular as they can be in a papilionaceous flower. This plant was found by Col. Paterson, : near the Decandrous Papilionaceous Plants of New Holland. 259 near Hawksbury river, New South Wales, and I received it from Sir Joseph Banks's collection. *8, D. cordata, foliis cordatis amplexicaulibus reticulato-venosis, pedunculis axillaribus aggregatis corymbosis multifloris, calycc truncato. The large heart-shaped leaves, 3 or 4 inches long, clasping the very angular stem, and strongly reticulated on both sides with innumerable veins, sufficiently distinguish this species, which was found by Mr. Menzies at King George’s Sound. Four or five corymbose flower-stalks, shorter than the leaf, grow from each azilla. The bracteas at the bottom of each corymbus are broad, and often heart-shaped; the rest oblong. The 2 upper teeth of the calyx are combined and truncated, as in D. umbel- lulata, and the edge of the RE betwixt the teeth, is unes downy. *9. D. alata, caule aphyllo alato, umbellis lateralibus, calyce bracteisque fimbriatis. - In this singular species, found by Dr. White near Port Jack- son, the stem has the habit of a Genista, being, at least in the adult state of my specimen, destitute of leaves; and winged throughout in’S directions; the wings smooth; entire, about a line in breadth, tapering down to the base of each branch, and interrupted here and there by buds, scattered, in an alternate manner, sparingly along the branches. Several of the upper buds produce small solitary umbels, of about 5 flowers each, on short stalks, whose base bears a few small concave bracteas, and whose upper part, at the umbel, is furnished with several much larger ones, curiously jagged or fringed. The calyx-teeth, which‘ are e elongated and taper-pointed, all nearly equal and regular,’ 212 are Sak hee 260 Dr. Suiru's Specific Characters of s are fringed at their sides precisely in the same manner. Their edges seem to be deeply coloured with red or purple. - | * 10. D. juncea, caule aphyllo tereti sulcato nudo, umbellis la- teralibus, calyce bracteisque imberbibus. Related to the last in habit, but very distinct. "The adult stem is leafless, much and alternately branched, rushy, round, longitudinally furrowed, roughish to the touch. Umbels from a few lateral buds towards the ends of the branches, solitary, sim- ple, nearly sessile, each of about 4 flowers. Bracteas remark- ably concave, pale brown, ribbed or furrowed; the uppermost largest, the lower ones closely imbricated; all destitute, of a marginal fringe. Calyx nearly regular, with 5 short teeth, whose edges, seen under a microscope, are finely downy, but not jag- ged nor fringed. ‘This was discovered at King George’s Sound by Mr. Menzies. The colour of the petals in these two last spe- cies seems nearly to accord with all the foregoing. It cannot but be very satisfactory to the author of any genus . to find it confirmed by the acquisition of new species, especially when its name commemorates a meritorious friend. Five hither- -to unknown species of Daviesia are here added to the original five whence the characters were taken, and they all together form a most natural assemblage. Linnzeus observes, Philos. Bot. sect. 170, * raró observatur genus in quo pars aliqua fructifica- * tionis non aberrat.” Of this the calyx in the genus before us affords a striking exemplification, being in several species deep- ly and equally five-toothed, and almost perfectly regular; in others as distinctly 2-lipped, the upper lip singularly truncated, and either cloven with a rounded sinus, or only slightly emargi- nate. These differences occur in species otherwise most akin to each other. 6. VIMI- the Decandrous Papilionaceous Plants of New Holland. 261 6. Vımınarıa. Annals of Bot. v. 1, 507. Calyx angulatus, simplex, quinquefidus. Corolla papilionacea. Stylus capillaris. Stigma simplex, acutum. Legumen coria- ceum, farctum, evalve, monospermum. 1. V. denudata. Exot. Bot. t. 27. Daviesia denudata. Ventenat Choiz, t. 6. Pec juncea. Schrad. Sert. Hannov. t. 3. On. reconsidering this genus, of which only one species is known, ] think the capillary style affords an additional mark of discrimination. The calyx-teeth.are short, all nearly equal and: uniform. The legume is clearly distinct from all others of this, tribe. me = ‘Spi eRotoniv wt. Haal of Bot. v. T. 509: Calyz quinquefidus, bilabiatus. Corolla papilionacea. Stigma carinatum, membranaceo-dilatatum ! Legumen pedicellatum, _ turgidum, obliquum, subdispermum. _ Stamina duo suprema. distantia ! 1. S. vimineum. Ann. of Bot. v. 1. 509. Sims in Curt. Mag. t. 969. _ Dr. Sims, the diet scientific botanist who had an RER of examining this plant alive, found that the young branches, before they flower, are clothed with small, scattered, lanceolate leaves; and I have since detected the rudiments of such a branch among my specimens. ‘The same gentleman found 2 seeds usually in each legume, and I have corrected the generic character accordingly. I need not repeat my original remarks on the genus, of which this is thé only known species. — 8. Dirr- 262 ©. Dr. Suitn’s Specific Characters of 8. Dinuwynta. Annals of Bot. v.1. 510. Calyx quinquefidus, bilabiatus. Corolla papilionacea. Stylus recurvus, germine brevior. Stigma obtusum, pubescens! Le- gumen ventricosum, uniloculare, dispermum. i. D. ericifolia, foliis linearibus tortis punctulato-scabris, floribus subterminalibus. | D. ericifolia. Exot. Bot. € 25. A rigid shrub, with copious clustered branches, covered when young with dense prominent pubescence, and clothed with nu- anerous, scattered, spreading leaves, on short footstalks, with a pair of obsolete gland-like stipulas at the base of the stalk. Each leaf is about half an inch long, linear, twisted half round, rough all over with minute points, acute and somewhat pun- gent; the under side convex, but not keeled ; the upper marked - with a longitudinal furrow. Flower-stalks clustered about the summits BF the branches, rarely lateral, with several concave bracteas at their base, and a pair towards the middle of each. Calyx bell-shaped, two-lipped, angular at the base, fringed at the edge: its upper lip of 2 divaricated. oblique, deflexed seg- ments; its under of 3, nearly equal, rather smaller „ones, of which the 2 lateral have hooked deflexed points. - Petals of a full permanent yellow ; the standard very broad, short and cloven, with a crimson, radiating, central spot. Legume ovate, turgid, rather hairy, terminated by the thick permanent style, about a quarter as long, which is also hairy at the Soma) smooth: and re- curved towards the end. . D. floribunda, foliis linearibus subtortis ‘tuberculato-scabris, ^ NE lateralibus axillaribus. - D. floribunda. Exot. Bot. t. 26. The leaves are less spreading than in the former, as "well as | rather the Decandrous Papilionaceous Plants of New Holland. 268 rather broader, and essentially different in being coveted with coarse callous tubercles. We have what seems a variety, in which the leaves are much thicker, so convex beneath as to be almost cylindrical, and scarcely twisted at all. No stipulas are discernible in this species. ‘The flowers are copious, lateral, ax- ilary, solitary, on short bracteated stalks, and resemble the foregoing, except that the standard is not quite of so broad a proportion. Legume very hairy, crowned with the smooth hook- ed edes s. D. glaberrima, foliis linearibus rectis carinato-triquetris levi+ bus, floribus terminalibus confertis. . _ A slender humble shrub, with rather longer leaves, which are very smooth, marked, like both the former, with a furrow on the upper side, but distinguished by their triangular keel. Two mi- mute awl-shaped stipulas are just discernible at the base of each foot-stalk. The flowers in the dried specimens much resemble those of D. ericifolia, and are likewise clustered about the tops of the branches. Ihavenever seen them fresh. These three spe- cies are all brought from Port Jackson, and all strictly agree in habit as well as fructification.. *4. D. myrtifolia, foliis decussatis obovatis concaviusculis sub- . | quinquenervibus lzvibus, floribus axillaribus.. This species, found by Mr.. Menzies at King George’s Sound, differs from all the foregoing in its foliage, but strictly agrees in the parts. of the flower. The branches are smooth and angular.. The leaves opposite, crossing each other in pairs, like those of Veronica decussata, with which they nearly agree in size, but are - obovate, with a straight pungent point, smooth, entire, some- vint concave, with.3 tolerably conspicuous, and 2 less evident, longitudinal. =: 264 °° DF. Smirn’s Specific Characters of longitudinal ribs. Their upper side, in a dry state, is of a palish opaque green ; the under of a dark purplish hue, almost black, but in some degree shining. Footstalks broad and very short. Stipulas very small, ovate, minutely fringed: Flowers axillary, solitary, on shortish stalks, with 2 or 3 pair of oblong bracteas. Calyx precisely like that of all the foregoing. Petals apparently deep yellow, with a pale lemon-coloured spot, surrounded with red, at the base of the standard. I have not seen the fruit. — *5. D. glycinifolia, foliis ovatis linearibusque revolutis reticula- tis, floribus racemosis. Some difficulties attend the determination of the genus of this plant, which is one of those from King George’s Sound given me by Mr. Menzies. In habit it accords with none of the fore- going genera nor species, but might rather be taken for a simple- leaved Glycine. The stems are weak, seemingly decumbent, about a foot long, branched, smooth, angular upwards. Leaves scattered, on short thick footstalks, coriaceous, reticulated, pun- gent, revolute, entire, paler and often hairy beneath; the upper ones linear, an inch or more in length and a line in breadth; the lower much broader, shorter and ovate. Stipulas minute, awl- shaped, rigid. Flowers in longish, loose, terminal clusters, often accompanied by similar axillary clusters from 2 or 3 of the uppermost leaves. Bracteas small, scattered, ovate. Flower- stalks and calyx clothed with scattered, white, close-pressed hairs. Calyx bell-shaped, very slightly angular at the base, its teeth nearly as long as the tube, lanceolate, almost equal and uniform, but the 2 uppermost are united half way up, rendering the calyx distinctly 2-lipped, and they are moreover so divari- cated and oblique, as to indicate the character of a Dillwynia. - The dried petals are purplish; the standard short and broad, Pc the Decandrous Papilionaceous Plants of New Holland. 265 . pale at the-base. | Germen bristly.. Style so recurved as almost to form a circle, not straight at the base, and then suddenly hooked, as in the genuine Dilloynie. Stigma capitate, downy. I have not seen the fruit. It is to be suspected the legume may prove different from that of a Dillwynia, and in conjunction with the peculiarity above mentioned in the style, as well as in the habit, may establish this plant as a new genus. Its leaves and stipulas approach those of a. Chorozema. /9. Mirperia. Annals of Bot. v. 1. 51L.. Calyx quinquefidus, bilabiatus. Corolla papilionacea. Stylus recurvus, basi crassissimus, germine brevior. Stigma capita- tum. Légumen ventricosum, biloculare ! dispermum. 1. M. ritis Ann. of Bot. v. 1. 51. Ventenat Malmais. 1.119. Pultenza rubizfolia. Andr. Repos. t. 351. This, the only species hitherto discovered of its genus, the a much-branched spreading stem, opposite or ternate leaves about an inch long, and neatly reticulated. Its blueish flowers, grow- ing in short axillary clusters, are no less peculiar in this tribe. But, above all, the essential generic character of the 2-celled legume i is remarkable. These cells are formed, as M. Ventenat has. recently observed, by membranous. partitions, equally ori- ginating from each suture, and not, as in Astragalus, by an im- perfect extension of one suture only. Nevertheless, even Mir- belia forms no exception to the rule that a /egumen has never any. separate and distinct longitudinal partition, like that of a siliqua. from which such spurious partitions, produced by the inflexion of the valves, are materially different, as the celebrated Jussieu has shown in the characters of his. Rhodoracea = Ericinta. See Annals of Bot. v. 9. 561. | Ä j Vol IX. 2 M 10. Cat- 266 ^^ Dr.Swrru's Specific Characters of 10. Cattistacnya. Ventenat Malmais. 115. Calyx quinquefidus, bilabiatus. Corolla papilionacea. Stigma : | simplex. Legumen pedicellatum, lignosum, multiloculare I polyspermum. | SEE t1. C. lanceolata, foliis lanceolatis acütis, racemo terminali. . C. lanceolata. Ventenat Malmais. t. 115.- | This new genus, which I am happy to add to my list: on the authority of M. Ventenat, appears clearly distinguishable from all the rest by its fruit, which according to that writer is a woody legume, opening only at its summit, and separated by mem- branous transverse partitions into several cells, each containing 1 seed. I have presumed to change the termination of the name, to avoid the fault, always, if possible, to be guarded against, of compounding it of one already established, Stachys ; see In- troduction to Botany, 387, and Linn. Philos. Bot. sect. 995. I have never seen a specimen of this plant, any more than of the second species . mentioned by the same learned author, of which he gives the. following specific character only, having never seen the flowers. T bs | E "1 5 tE un C. elli iptica, foliis ellipticis obtusis. Vent. We! cit. . Both plants are natives of New Holland, ‘and would doubtless have been taken by superficial botanists for Crotalarie. . The plate and description in M. Ventenat’ s work have. .helped me to understand another plant, brought by Mr. Menzies from King George's Sound, and which I venture to propose as a third spe- cies of Callistachya. : *3. C. cuneifolia, foliis. cuneiformibus. emarginatis, pedunculis axillaribus solitariis folio longioribus. This is a dwarf ir ur. 2 or 3 inches high, appa- = x A. gently the Decandrous Papilionaceous Plants of New Holland. 267 rently annual, with somewhat of the habit of a Lotus. The leaves are alternate, on long footstalks, wedge-shaped, slightly hairy, entire, except at the summit, where they are emarginate, with a minute intermediate point, and rounded. Stipulas in pairs ° attached to the base of the footstalk, lanceolate, pointed, membra- nous, recurved, exactly agreeing with those figured and described by M.Ventenat in the above species. The inflorescence however is different, but that leads in this tribe not even to a suspicion of a generic distinction; witness Pultenza and Daviesia. The flower- stalks in the plant before us are axillary, solitary, very long, much exceeding their correspondent leaves, hairy and single- flowered, with a pair of lanceolate hairy bracteas near the calyx. Flowers large and handsome. Calyx hairy, its upper lip cloven, not half way: down, into 2 rounded lobes; its lower deeply di- vided into 3: lanceolate acute segments. Standard rounded, large, apparently yellow like the wings, streaked with red or purple; the keel seems to be entirely purple, slightly fringed with white. Germen long and very hairy. Style ascending like the stamens, and all together filling thé cavity of the keel. Stig- ma obtuse, rather more inclined to be capitate than M. Ventenat represents it in his plant. I have seen nothing of the fruit, and therefore should never have ventured to describe this plant as a new genus, though unable. to reduce it to any known one, had not M. Ventenat elucidated the subject by his publication of the othar Mind | : 243 =" EIX. On ( 268») XIX. On the Variegation of Plants. Ina Letter to Richard An- thon Salisbury, Esq. F.R.S. and L.S. by Thomas ‚Andrew Knight, Esq. F.R. S. and L.S. 3 . Read March 15, 1808. MY DEAR SIR, T'uovcu variegated plants liu iex BEER de care em atten- tion of the gardener, it does not appear that the peculiarities which distinguish them have much attracted the attention of the natu- ralist ; and Jam not acquainted with any experiments which have been made either to discover the cause of variegation,or the effects produced by it. J am therefore induced to trouble you with an account of a few experiments which I have made on one species of variegated plant, from which I obtained an — ce somewhat interesting result. - T There is a kind of variegated vine, well: ns 10 TES (the Aleppo), which affords variegated leaves and fruit; and as the grape, though small, possesses a very high flavour,‘and much richness, I wished to obtain some offspring either from its seeds or farina, with the hope of procuring berries of larger size, and at the same time of ascertaining whether its wel ae would be transferred to the offspring. With this object in view I extracted the immature stamina of the blossoms of the White Chasselas, and White Frontignac vines; and at the proper subsequent period I introduced the farina of the Aleppo vine: from this experiment I obtained, x in Mr. Kxrour on the Variegation of Plants. 269 in the succeeding spring, many seedling plants. These plants, which were raised in a hot-bed, presented no singularity cf cha- racter on their first appearance ; but early in the succeeding sum- mer I had the pleasure to observe purple stripes in the seed- leaves of several of them; and in the autumn the leaves of many were variegated. I did not however obtain a single plant which promised to produce, or has subsequently afforded, either coloured fruit, or coloured leaves, free from variegation. When, on the contrary, I have introduced the farina of a black, or purple grape into the blossom of a white one, none of the plants I obtained have ever been variegated ; and the colour of the leaves and fruit, which these in the first year afforded, in- ‘dicated with certainty the colour of all the produce of such va- rieties, in whatever soil cuttings taken trom them were subse- quently planted. But in the variegated vines the result has -been wholly different; and though the leaves and fruit first pro- duced by some of them contained more tingeing matter than any of the coloured kinds, they subsequently produced, even on the same tree, some bunches almost entirely black, others perfectly white, others lead-coleured with stripes of white, and ‚others white with minute black stripes; and grapes of all the preceding colours are very frequently seen on the same cluster. "The leaves are ‘also subject to the same variations, and the co- Jours in them are in some instances confined to the upper, in others to the under surface, and sometimes extend quite through; and both the leaves and fruit of some of the branches have be- «come. permanently colourless. It appears therefore obvious, that the dne matter of varie- gated grapes, though probably not essentially different from that of others, is differently combined, and united to the plant; and _ as hue variegated grape afforded offspring similar to itself, and none 270 Mr. Knicurt on the Variegation of Plants. none similar to other vines, which permanently afford coloured fruit, it may be confidently inferred, that the nature of the union between the tingeing matter and the pu is naty essentially dif- ferent. All the variegated plants that I citadel from the farina of the Aleppo vine, are not only perfectly free from disease and debility of every kind, but many of them possess a more than ordinary degree of hardiness and vigour; and two of them ap- pear much more capable of affording mature fruit, in the climate of England, than any now cultivated. It is therefore sufficiently evident that the kind of variegation which I have described is neither the offspring of, nor connected with, disease or debility. of any kind. But the same inference must not be drawn rea specting other variegated plants; for variegation itself appears to consist of several distinct kinds. - The leaves of a variety of the common cabbage are often seen, in the cottage garden, curi- ously tinged with different shades of red and purple, like the leaves of the vines which I have described: but in the cabbage these colours combine and melt into each other, whereas in the vines the distinct colours are separated by well defined lines. The colours of the cabbage are transferred, to its offspring, which is perfectly hardy and vigorous. | The spotted lettuce must also be classed with variegated plants, and the offspring of this is as hardy as those of other va- _ rieties: but the most common kind of variegation, in which the leaves are variously striped with white and yellow, though not the offspring, as some writers have imagined, of disease, is, how- ever, closely connected with some degree of debility ; possibly owing to the imperfect action of light on all such parts of the- leaves as are either white or yellow. For I have observed that Eeriegoter i are less patient of shade than such as are wholly Mr. Knıcur on the Variegation of Plants. 271 wholly green; and I have never seen any plants, the leaves of which are wholly white or yellow, that continued to live beyond a single season. A variegated plant of the raspberry, which sprang from seed in my garden, became wholly white in the third year; but it perished in the succeeding winter, and I should be disposed to conclude that plants whose leaves are entirely white or yellow, cannot long survive; but that Du Hamel* has described a variety of the peach tree, of which he says, * son bois, ses feuilles, ses fleurs, et son fruit, tant extérieurement qu'in- terieurement, sont tout à fait blancs." This variety is at present, ` I believe, . wholly unknown to our gardeners ; and. I suspect that it was always a debilitated plant, and that it in consequence ex- ists no more. lam, &c. |. | We Tuomas Anprew KNIGHT.. -a # In his Treatise on TreesArticle Peach Trees í » Vs . t ` V ' | : i E ; ; XX. Chics. mu. of Ten a oca By James ‘Edward Suit ut ; M. ] E EHE M AP M a. Read Api 5, 1808. - Since the vilüimédin of a papier on the Girl Gharasferik of Mosses, and particularly of the Genus Mnium, in the 7th volume: of our Transactions, an excellent treatise on the same subject, more especially respecting Orthotrichum and Neckera, by Dr. Mohr of Kiel, has appeared in the last fasciculus of the Annals of Botany, of Dr. Sims and -Mr. Konig; a publication whose discontinuance I always find fresh reason to lament, whatever botanical subject I touch upon. The able cryptogamist, to whom we are obliged for this treatise, tries all the genera of which he has occasion to speak, by the Linnwan rule “ genus dabit characterem," and the result is no less in favour of his acuteness than of the excellence of the rule. In order to cha- racterize genera which nature shows by their habit to: be di- stinct, he has paid more attention to the form and structure of the calyptra than any preceding writer, and I think with good success. He expresses some * doubts of the propriety of having * recourse to the form and structure of the capsules of mosses “ in forming their generic characters," lest it should * oblige us * to divide Polytrichum and other genera into several new ones, * and to make more such unnatural alterations.” In answer to Pih 1 Pei leave to remind him of the rest:of the Linnean di + “that Dr. Smitu’s Characters cf Hookeria. 273 | that * the character is not to make the genus ;” a maxim no less important than the other, as guarding against the division of a natural genus, on account 6f any character whatsoever, and to which Dr. Mohr's own practice is all along no less correctly con- . formable than to the former part of the said law. The genus which I have now to propose comprehends, among other species, two mosses never suspected hitherto of being con- geners, but both in habit so strikingly alike, that no plants could be expected to form a more natural genus. These are the Hypnum lucens of Linuzus, and the Anictangium bulbosum of Hedwig. 1 have. hinted in the Flora Britannica that the former of these might, even upon the principles of Hedwig, constitute a genus; for in the only dried capsule which I could then afford to dissect, I found the teeth of the inner peristomium so short, as to differ greatly in that respect from every Hedwigian Hypnum or Leskea ; but this arose from a partial cohesion. In copious living specimens, brought last February by Mr. W. J. Hooker from bogs near Holt, I have had an opportunity of examining every part of this curious and beautiful moss at leisure. I have, under the microscope in a warm room, seen the fringes in every stage of expansion, and closing suddenly on the admission of moisture, and I find the inner one divided about half way down into 16° regular equal perforated teeth, as in many Leskee, though far less deeply than in others. This inner membranous fringe is so strongly plaited, that the lower parts of the teetb, in a dry state, often approach one another so as to scem united. Perhaps such a partial cohesion gave an irregularity to its ap- pearance, and induced Dr. Schwegrichen, the editor of the Species Muscorum, to make it a Hypnum, not a Leskea, which last, according to the generic rules of Hedwig, I now find it ought to be. - Hedwig appears never to have examined the fruc- VOL. IX. 2N tification 274 Dr. Suirü's Characters of Hookeria. tification of this plant at all, though he has figured the leaf with its remarkable terminal radicles. With regard to his Anician- gium bulbosum, this illustrious muscologist has himself made a greater mistake, in consequence of the young state of tbe cap- sules which it fell to his lot to examine, and which seem in that respect much like some preserved in the Linnsean herbarium. In these he could find no fringe, and therefore referred the plant to his Anictangium. I had lately however the pleasure of receiv- ing some more perfect ones from my friend Labillardiere, who has figured this moss in his work on New Holland plants, £. 253, f- 1, by the name of Leskea pennata. In these specimens the peristomium is sufficiently apparent, and is that of a Leskeu. Thus these two plants are brought together under one genus, my Hypnum. We must next examine how they may together be se- parated from thence in order to constitute a genus by themselves, which the striking peculiarity of their habit so imperiously re- quires. ‘This, I think, may with certainty be done, both ac- cording to my principles foanded on the capsule, as in Mnium and Bartramia, and — to thase of Dr. Mohr, derived from the calyptra or veil. The capsule of both these mosses is all over kiriin y reticu- lated or dotted, in a different and more remarkable manner than that of any Hypnum known to me. This I think will afford one generic mark. The calyptra may, by most botanists, be thought to yield a better distinction, being not only most. curiously reti- culated, so as in a dry state to be in every part cellular, which I have not seen in any other moss, but it moreover comes off en- tire, never splitting longitudinally like that of every genuine Hypnum that I have had an opportunity of examining. I have not indeed seen this part in all the exotic species hereafter men- tioned, but I have no apprehension of its being materially dif- ferent Dr. Suiru's Characters of Hookeria. 275 ferent from the English one, all other parts of their en: as well as habit, agreeing so well as they do. I have great pleasure in dedicating this genus to my young friend Mr. William Jackson Hooker of "Norwich, F.LS., a most assiduous and intelligent botanist, already well down by his in- teresting discovery of Buxbaumia aphylla, as well as by his sci- entific drawings of Fuci for Mr. Turners work ; and likely to be far more distinguished by his illustrations of the difficult genus Jungermannia, to which he has given peculiar attention. The reticulated habit of this his favourite genus accords wan what i is most remarkable in my Hookeria. "To the 2 species already mentioned T am enabled by Mr. Men- zies’s bounty to add 6 more, as well as 2 from the Linnean her- barium, of all which I beg d to Or the following generic pec ic characters. RER ú$ PES ric PPF COn HOOKERIA. Errprocamıa Musci. Capsula ovata, reticulato-punctata, e perichaetio. squamoso, la- terali. _ Peristomium exterius dentibus sedecim: interius mem- _ branaceum, sedecim-dentatum. Doi celluloso-reticulata, _ integra. . ni xs! irrt ig dpi J 1. EEE hisen foliis trite ellipticis ı uniformibus inte- -gerrimis enervibus. | iis uae “H. lucens. Engl. Bir t. 1902. s Hypnum lucens. Linn. Sp. Pl. 1589. ‘Sm. Fl. Brit. 1295. 'Hedw. Fund. v. 1. 13. t. 1. f. 4—6. Sp. Musc. 243. Hoffm. Germ. v. 2. 56. Ehrh. Crypt. as H. pennatum aquaticum lucens, longis. latisque. foliis. ‘Dill, Mus. 270. t. 34 f. 10. 2N2 Angl. 216 Dr. Smırtn’s Characters of Hookeria, Angl. Shining Hookeria. In udis umbrosis et palustribus. y. Most frequent in the northern counties of England. Dill. In dark shady woods in Scotland, but not common. Lightf. In Sussex. Dickson. On Holt heath, Norfolk, in wet places among grass. Mr. W. J. Hooker. At Islington near Dartmoor, Devon- shire. Miss Filmore. In Germany. Ehrhart, and Weber. At Noot- ka sound, on the west coast of North America. Mr. A. Menzies. Herba succosa, tenerrima, glaberrima, pellucida, pallid’ vi- rens. Caules biunciales, cæspitosi, adscendentes, radicantes, simplices vel ramosi, undique foliosi, teretes. Folia verticalia, lax& imbricata, subdisticha, at triplici serie plerumque digesta, sessilia, elliptica, obtusiuscula, plana, integerrima, avenia, et enervia, un- dique pulcherrime reticulata, interstitiis oblongiusculis ; apice quandoque radicantia. Perichetia lateralia, solitaria vel gemina, foliolis ovatis, acuminatis, enervibus, concavis. Pedicelli solitarii, erecti, foliis quintupló longiores, rubri, basi bulbosi, apiceque pau- lulüm inerassati. Capsula plùs minus cernua, ovata, brevis,saturaté fusca, nitida, undique concinne reticulato-punctata. Operculum longitudine feré capsule, subulatum, rectiusculum, reticulatum, rufum, basi fimbriatum et annulatum. Peristomium ezterius e den- tibus 16, basi latioribus, extüs fulvis, intüs crebre denticulatis : interius membranaceum, reticulatum, plicatum, pallide fuscum sive lutescens, ad medium usque equaliter dentátum, dentibus 16, subulatis, carinatis, pertusis, emarginatis. culo major, ampullaceo-conoidea, recta, mucronulata, albida, undique pulchrè reticulata, siccitate cellulosa; basi crenulata, at semper indivisa, ; integra e fructu maturo, secedens. 2. H. qua- AI T oq I PU T 5. = s € ES es p" el wr we \ ? WS Hooker dein Avy Dr. Swrrn's Characters of Hookeria. aT 2. H. guadrifaria, folis quadrifariis obovatis subintegerrimis uninervibus; intermediis X brevioribus adpressis. tegerrima, el apice antüm aliquatenis denti rimè reticulata, interstitiis orbiculatis, ultra medium uninervia, nervo subindé bifurco; majora distiche patentia; minora duplà guste ovata, ore dilatata, Een endure eos Peri- stomium exterius aureum: interius citrinum. Operculum et ca- lyptra mihi ignota, nec peristomii cua. ex unico exemplari erui potuit, A, A. Folia quadruplà aucta. $ H. pennata, folis | d duplò | brevic ifariis mucronulatis serrulati culatis; reliquis lanceol: AAR as In New Holland. M. Labillardiere. Jand. Mr. A. Menzies. f 278 Dr. Sutrn's Characters of Hookeria. nez, nequaquàm bulbose. Caules 3- aut A-unciales, plerumque simplices, rarius bifidi, erecti; basi denudati, nigri, nitidi; su- perne foliosi. Folia verticalia, laxé imbricata, trifaria ; serierum duarum oppositarum disticha, patentissima, lanceolata, i inzequi- latera, basi uninervia; seriei intermedi longè minora, arctè ad- pressa, orbiculata, Jungermanniarum quarundam auriculas si- mulantia; omnia pellucida, nitida, tenuissimè reticulata, mu- cronulata, apicem versus serrulata. - Perichetia lateralia, solita- ria, e foliorum majorum axillis, foliolis lanceolatis, angustis. Pedicelli basi insigniter bulbosi, solitarii, arcuato-deflexi, fulvi, nitidi, foliis majoribus breviores. Capsula late ovata, undique punctulato-reticulata, ferruginea. _ Peristomium exterius. fulvum ;. interius flavum. Operculum capsulà brevius, bin. enia. apice. -tenuissime subulatum... «Calyptra mihi ignota *. . H. filiculiformis, ramis fasciculatis tripinnatis, foliis ovatis tri- ok ia complanatis integerrimis enervibus ; intermediis ` parüm minoribus. - Leskea filiculiformis. Hedw. Sp. Musc. 218. te 50. ‚In plagis. australioribus. MOSUP Mies eed Radix repens, longissima, tortuosa, villosa; Seep gras - Caules sparsi, erecti, biunciales, simplicissimi, teretiusculi, laeves, nudi, apice ramosissimi ; ramis fasciculatis, radiatis, complanatis, fla- belliformibus, tripinnatis, undique foliosis. ' Folia saturate viri- dia, numerosissima, minima, trifäria, distich® complanata, cor- dato-ovata, acuminata, integerrima, enervia; intermedia reli- quis vix minora, arcte adpressa. Perichetia subconferta, foliolis majoribus, gqnoMiq german et, ni fallor, uninervibus. Pedi- eee ER & iius * "e $44, * Mr. R. Brown infor me that the calyptra of tis s species which Me A gathered | in New Holland, agrees with that of H. lucens, — hane a2. cellus n d Dr. Surtu’s Characters of Hookeria. 279 eellus uncialis, ruber. Capsula pendula, ovata, fusca, insigniter reticulata. Operculum non vidi, neque calyptram. 5. H. tamariscina, ramis fasciculatis, foliis obliquis trifariis ser- Tatisuninervibus; intermediis tripló minoribus ovato-lanceolatis. Leskea tamariscina. Hedw. Sp. Musc. 212. & 51. FIT: Hypnum tamarisci. - Swartz. Prod. 141, In plagis australioribus. y. Jn Jamaica. Dr. Swartz. At the Cape of Jens Hope. Mr. — A., Menzies. 4 . Radix repens, villosa, nigra. Caules sparsi, erecti, unciales, nudiusculi, apice ramosi ; ramis fasciculatis, patulis, subdivisis, haud uncialibus, undique foliosis. Folia kete viridia, reticulata, trifaria, ovata, acuminata, serrata, ultrà medium uninervia, omnia siccitate torta; majora obliqua, basi integerrima; intermedia tripló minora, undique serrata, equilatera. Setas intermedias ab Hedwigio depictas frustrà quesivimus. Perichetia subcon- ferta, foliolis ovatis, acuminatis, concavis, integerrimis. Pedi- cellus haud uncialis, ruber. Capsula pendula, ovata, pulchrd reticulata. Operculum subulatum, longitudine capsule, basi convexum, Calypira reticulata, flavicans, in unico nostro ex- emplari, casu farsit lacera, 6. H. rotulata, ramis fasciculatis, folis trifariis serratis uninervi- bus ; intermediis duplö minoribus orbiculatis basi integerrimis. Leskea rotulata. Hedw: Sp. Muse. 213. t. 51. f. 8—13. In Australasia. x. In New Zeeland. Mr. A. Missi. Habitus precedentis. - Folia pallidiora, tenuiüs reticulata, la- tiora, et vix obliqua; intermedia haud duplà minora, apice tan- tim, 280 Dr. Surtu’s Characters of Hookeria. tim, longéque quam in priore minus evidenter serrata. Capsula pallida, valdé reticulata, et, ni fallor, succosa. Operculum fcre pracedentis. 7. H. flabellata, caule erecto, ramis eee pinnatis, foliis distichis complanatis apice serratis. Tas. XXIII. Fig. 2. In India occidentali. y. Communicated to the younger Linneus by Mr. Dickson, as a native of the West Indies, under the name of Hypnum fla- bellatum. | . Precedentibus duabus triplà major, caule inferne simplici, fø- liis arcté vestito, ramis flabelliformibus, distiché pinnatis aut bi- pinnatis, undique foliosis. Folia luteo-virentia, pallida, nitida; bifaria, distiché patentia, complanata, verticalia, elliptica, obli- qua, apice tantüm acuté serrata, ad medium usque uninervia. Perichetia sparsa, foliolis lineari-lanceolatis, numerosis. Pedi- cellus perichzetio vix dupló longior, basi ruber, apice citrinus, Capsula ovata, ferruginea, erecta. Habitu, "vm m peristomio, Neckere affinis videtur hæc species. | B. Rami portio aucta. C. Folium magls auctum. D. Frus- - tulum peristomii interioris, maxime auctum. 8. H. Arbuscula, caule erecto, ramis sparsis pinnatis, foliis un- dique imbricatis concavis muticis integerrimis. Tas. XXIII. Fig. 3. In Australasia. Y. In New Zeeland. Mr. A. Menzies. Precedenti magnitudine compar, arbusculiformis, radice ni- gra, villosà, caule inferné simplici, foliis arcté tecto, ramis Co- mosis, Dr. Smitn’s Characters of Hookeria —— -281 mosis, alternis, approximatis, pinnato-ramulosis, foliosis. Folia undique imbricato-patentia, pallidé virentia. sive. lutescentia, nitida, ovata, concava, obtusiuscula, mutica, integerrima, basi obsolet? binervia, omnia uniformia. Perichetia sparsa, foliolis acuminatis. Pedicellus semiuncialis. Capsula erecta, ovata, fer- ruginea. Forma priori, foliorum indole sequenti affinis. - E. Folium. F. Capsula, un^ circitér aucta. of tle 3 \Teskes flexilis.. Hedw. Sp. Musc. 234. t. 58. , Hypnum | flexile. Swartz. Prod. 141. 4 ; In India occidentali, nec non in Australasia. X. In Jamaica. Dr. Swartz. | At pdiusky bay, New Zeeland. Mr.* E Me enzies. Caules lax’ repente: aut penduli, dlonguti; flexiles, undique foliosi,: ramis brevibus, sparsis, simplicissimis, cylindraceis. “Folia undique imbricata, luteo ac pallidé viridia, nitida, ellip- . i tica, concava, obtusa, integerrima, basi obsoletissimé binervia, omnia uniformia. Perichetia sparsa, cylindracea. Pedicellus haud uncialis. Copas ovata, jar itas Mm oen cernua, 10, H. oua ee diffuso Bloso.. ramis sparsis, foliis imbri- - catis falcato-secundis acuminatis integerrimis enervibus. 2 EV Fig. 4, In Africa australi. X. At the Cape of Goad Hope. Mr. A. Menzies. Habitus Hypni cupressiformis, vel potids H. imponentis, Hedi. Sp. Muse: 290. t 77. Caules cespitosi, ramis , pinnatis, diffusis, = TOL IX. M — 20 0 " foliosis. LI 282 ‚Dr. Smiru’s Characters of Hookeria. v foliosis. Folia fuscescentia, arctè imbricata, falcato-secunda, ovata, acuminata, concava, integerrima; enervia. Perichetia parva, foliolis subulatis, rectis. Pedicellus “capillaris, uncialis et ultrà. Capsula erecta, clavato-cylindracea, ferruginea, nitida. G. Folium, H. Perichatiifoliolum. I. Capsula. Omnia | microscopio aucta. | Norwich, March 4, 1808. : XXI. De- ( 983 ) | XXI. Description of Notoclea, a new Genus of Coleopterous In- sects from New Holland. By Thomas Marsham, Esq. Tr. L.S. Read February 17, 1807. Ix the variety of curious insects which I have received from New South Wales, there seems to be a number of new and di- stinct genera. Of these I have selected, as the subject of the following monograph, a genus which does not appear to me to have been noticed by any author. Even Mr. Donovan, in his last elegant and valuable work of the Natural History of the In- sects of New Holland, &c. has suffered it to escape his notice. On the first glance the insects of this genus might be taken for Chrysomele, but on closer examination they will be found to differ from that genus in the shape of the body, and the last joint of the palpi; the antennz also are more filiform, and the exterior margin of the elytra at the base is angular, and not rounded as in Chrysomela and Coccinella. The shape of the body and of the exterior palpi gives them a strong resem blance to Coc- cinella, but the antenna totally exclude them from that genus. The dilated elytra of some specimens, particularly on the under side, claim an affinity with Cassida, but in that mark only they agree. | I have named this genus Notoclea, from vec, dorsum, and nAiog, celebris, on account of the remarkable form and convexity of the back; and I have formed the generic character from the out- 202 ; ward . 984 Mr. Mansnaw's Description of Notoclea. ward and visible part of the insect ; but for the accommodation of such entomologists as prefer characters from the Instru- menta Cibaria, I have inserted in a note the character of this genus so defined by my accurate and indefatigable friend the Rev. William Kirby, F. L.S., who, at my request, undertook that task. I shall only add one more observation, which is, that, numerous as this genus is in New Holland, I have never seen a single specimen from any other country, in the many cabinets that I have examined. NOTOCLEA. CHARACTER GENERIS. Antenne filiformes. Caput immune, deflexum. | | Thorax transversus, dilatato-marginatus. Elytra dilatato-marginata, angulo baseos exteriori acuto. Corpus ovale, valde convexum, subtus planum *. i SPECIES. * Corpus ex oblongo hemisphæricum, subtus planiusculum. ; CaPuT insertum, parvum, transversum. X Oculi laterales, ‚subreniformes, reticulati. Nasus distinctus, postice obtusangulus, antice transversus. Labium (seu labium superius) parvum, transversum, apice subemarginatum, Labrum (seu labium inferius) apice emarginatum, ex apice palpigerum. - Valyule breves, apice piloso palpiformi, e latere palpigeræ. Palpi exteriores (seu valvulares) 4-articulati; articulo primo et baseos mi- nutissimo ; secundo longiori clavato incurvo subcompresso ; tertio brevi clavato ; ultimo magno compresso, securiformi, apice intus concavo. Palpi interiores (seu labiales) triarticulati ; articulis clavatis equalibus. Mentum transversum, parallelogramicum, interdum apice emarginatum. : Mazille Mr. Mansuam’s Description of Notoclea. 285 SPECIES. 1. NOTOCLEA VARIOLOSA. Not. picea, elytris punctis confluentibus flavis irroratis. Tas. XXIV. Fig. 1. Longitudo Corporis 7 lin. Latitudo 5 lin. Habitat in Nova Hollandia. Corpus piceum, seu rufo-piceum, nitidum. Caput punctu- — latum, lined longitudinali postice excavatum. Thorax ir- . regulariter punctatus ; lateribus depressiusculis punctis ma- gis excavatis confluentibus irroratis. Anguli antici tho- racis sub-mucronati sunt. Elytra punctatissima, punctis confluentibus, punctis insuper difformibus elevatiusculis flavis irrorata. | 9. NoTOCLEA RETICULATA. Not. flavescens, elytris sanguineis punctis elevatis flavis reti- . culatis. Tas. XXIV. Fig. 2. Long. Corp. 44 lin. Lat. 3: lin. "Habitat in Novà Hollandiá. Corpus sordide flavum, nitidum. Caput punctulatum, luteo ne- bulosum. Antenne apicem versus paulo crassiores. Thorax sparsim punctatus, utrinque impressus, luteo nebulosus, an- gulis anticis acutis. Elytra sanguinea, punctis creberrimis Maxille breves, validissimz, incurve, apice bidentate intus concave. Antenne antice inter oculos et nasum in angulo frontis inserte, subfili- formes, 11-articulate; articulo primo magno, tereti, subclavato, ar- cuato; secundo brevi, subconico ; proximis duobus (interdum tribus) elongationibus subclavatis ; reliquis ex conico oblongiusculis, compressis, subeequalibus, extimo acutiusculo. ; elevatis 286 Mr. Mansnau's Description of Notoclea. elevatis flavis confluentibus reticulata, et inter hee puncía alia insuper innumera excavata conspicienda quæ etiam con- fluunt; latera elytrorum item flava. Ale sanguine. 3. NoTOCLEA ATOMARIA, Not. flava antice pallido-testacea, antennis rufescentibus, thorace elytrisque punctatissimis: punctis impressis. | Tas. XXIV. Fig. 3. Long. Corp. 44 lin. Lat. 34 lin. Habitat in Nova Hollandià. In Mus. Dom. Milne. Antenne precipue extus rufescentes. Os et Oculi nigri. Cor- "pus supra antice, capite scilicet, thorace et elytrorum basi, pallide testaceum, postice luteo-rufescens. Caput puncto ad basin fusco-rufescenti. Thorax medio pallescens punc- tulis obsoletis, ad margines punctis majusculis impressis fundo rufescentibus. Elytra ad basin. pallidiuscula, postice. luteo-rufescentia, punctis per totam paginam profunde im- pressis, fundo rufescentibus. Corpus subtus flavum, sive flavo-rufescens, abdominis segmentis basi nigro-fuscis. Pe- des concolores. | La 4. NoTOCLEA LUTEA. Not. lutea obscura, scutello tuberculisque aliquot elevatis flavis. Tas. XXIV. Fig. 4. Long. Corp. 7 lin. Lat. 5lin. - da Habitat in Nova Hollandià. — ko 3 Corpus supra totum luteum, obscurum. Thorax utrinque depres- siusculus, punctulatus. Oculi, Os et Abdomen nigra. Ely- tra punctata, punctis numerosissimis impressis ; per discum verruce aliquot, sive puncta elevata longitudinaliter posita, sita Mr. Mansnaw's Description of Notoclea. 287 sita sunt. Hsec ut et scutellum nitidiuscula, punctulis im- munia, et amoene flava. Abdomen subtus nitidum, atrum. Pedes lutei. ! adis Cum ex unico specimine hanc descriptionem tuli numerum tuber- culorum sive punctorum elevatorum non ausus sum dicere. Tria majora in utroque elytro, longitudinaliter posita, praci- pue visa sunt. Hinc inde unum aut alterum minus oculis ob- jicitur. _ | 5. NOTOCLEA MACULATA.. Not. thorace utrinque emarginato, elytris fuscescentibus : lateri- bus maculisque luteis. TAB. XXIV. Fig. 5. Long. Corp. 4. lin. Lat 3+ lin. Habitat in Nova Hollandia. | | Corpus rufo-piceum, nitidum. Caput sordide flavescens, luteo maculatum, punctulatum. Antenne corpore dimidio brevi- ores, filiformes, nigree, basi flava. Thorax sordide flavus, luteo-maculosus, leviter punctulatus, lateribus depressius- culis, excavato-punctatis, puncto insuper majori impressis. Margo thoracis lateralis submarginatus, angulis anticis ro- tundatis. Coleoptera fusca, excavato-punctata, lutco macu- -Jata et punctata, maculis 4 majoribus dorsalibus quadratim positis. Latera elytrorum item flavescunt. Macula flava | in elytris lz via sunt. » s; Var. B flavescens, elytris rufo-fuscis flavo maculatis, alia et si-- . millima. a 6. NoTOCLEA QUADRIMACULATA: = Not. pallida, elytris scabro-punctatis: maculis duabus fuscis. | | 7 Tas. 288 Mr. Marsuam’s Description of Notoclea. p Tas. XXIV. Fig. 6. Long. Corp. 5 lin. Lat. 3+ lin. Habitat in Nova Hollandià. In Mus. Dom. MacLeay. Caput pallidum, lined medio nigrà. Antenne pallide, apice fuscescentes. Thorax flavescens, maculis duabus punctisque impressis ad latera nigris. Elytra pallida, sive pallido-tes- tacea, scabro-punctata, punctis impressis fuscis, antice vage et postice substriatim positis. In utroque elytro maculæ du: fusce, quarum una antice pallidior subrotunda, et al- tera postice subtrigona. Corpus subtus pallidum. Pedes testacel. d 7. NoTOCLEA ORNATA. Not. rufa nitidiuscula, elytris punctatissimis flavo striatim variis. Tas. XXIV. Fig. 7. Long. Corp. 3+ lin. Lat. 2+ lin. Habitat in Nova Hollandia. Antenne dimidio nigra, dimidio ad basin rufescentes. Scutellum saturaté rufum. Thorax ad latera precipue punctatus. Elytra rufa, punctatissima punctis impressis, maculis minu tis flavis per totam paginam conspersa. Hæ autem maculae omnes quasi per strias positz sunt, tum forma regulari rotun- diusculá, preterquam ad margines ubi difformes subinde evadunt, notabiles; unde ab Not. variolosá abunde. differt. Totum Corpus subtus unicolor rufescens. Variat. flavus, rufus. zi | 8. Noreste OBSOLETA. Not. rufa, antennis. oculis maculisque elytrorum decem obso- letis nigris. Tas. XXIV. Fig. gx e Long. Corp. 3+ lin. Lat. 2+ Jin. Habitat Mr. M xXnsmaw's. Description of Notoclea. 289 Habitat in Nova Hollandiä. Corpus totum rufum. ` Thorat punctulatissimus, punctis vix sub lente (preterquam ad mar gines ubi majores sunt) conspi- cieudis. Elytra punctatissima, punctis satis magnis im- pressis. In utroque elytro puncta decem nigra obsoleta, in » -tribus fasciis disposita. Quatuor puncta fasciam primam conficiunt, tres utramque. exteriorem. Abdomen subtus et pedes paulo pallidiores. . 9. NOTOCLEA 1 MINOR. Not. rufa, antennis testaceis, oculis fasciisque tribus elytrorum nigris, elytris striatis. | Ts. XXIV. Fig. 9. | ees Corp. 2 lin. Lat. li lin. ‚Habitat in Nova Hollandiá. . | Affinis maximè præcedenti, at satis differt, antennis testaceis, - nec nigris ; elytris striatis, neque irregulariter confertissimé punctatis; fasciisque tribus nigris, fasciis continuis, neque interruptis sive punctis fascizeformibus dispositis. Abdomen subtus et pedes pallidiores. 0. Noepa TESTACEA: oR Not. testacea tota, oculis antennisque nigris. t TAB: XXIV. Fig. 10. Long. Corp. 3 lin. Lat. 2 lin. . Habitat in Nova Hollandia. - Corpus totum testaceum, preterquam oculi atque antennarum articuli omnes extimi, qui omnes nigri. Elytra leviter stri- - ata, striis punctatis, Margines thoracis elytrorumque punc- VOL. IX. 2 P tati, 290 Mr. Mansuaw's Description of Notoclea. tati, punctis impressis, Est ubi certo lucis respectu, elytra nigro obsolete pulverulenta videntur. Abdomen. et pedes omninó testacei. LL NorocLEA STICTICA, ` Net. nitidiuscula, thorace rufescenti, scutello atro, elytris sub- testaceis nigro punctatissimis. Tas. XXV. Fig. 1. Long. Corp. 3 lin. Lat. 2 lin. Habitat in Nova Hollandiá. | | Caput rufescens, punctulis ad occiput duobus nigris. Oculi nigri. Thorax rufescens, Scutellum atrum, nitidum. — Elytra tho- race pallidiora sive testacea, punctis numerosissimis im- pressiusculis :concinné rotundatis conspersa. Corpus sub- tus testaceum, nitidum. Pedes testacei, geniculis plantisque nigris. ‘Thorax et elytra ad margines punctata, punctis im- pressis. In utroque elytro tuberculum sive punctum: hu- merale majus elevatum SRI obscurum. 12. Norocıza VERRUCOSA. . Not. obscura rufa punctatissima, elytris tuberculatis: tuberculis numerosis nigris. Tas. XXV. Fig. 2. "Long. Corp. 34 lin. Tat. 21 Jin. ° Habitat i in. Nova Hollandia. _ eo rufum... Ogput, et iren. immaculata, pandu Scutellum immaculatum, rufum. Elytra omninó punctata, punctis impressis, porrò per totam paginam tuberculis par- - Mr. Marsuan’s Description of Notoclea. 291 vis conspersa sunt, quorum unum in utrogde elytro humerale ^ majus, commatiforme. - Abdomen nigro-rufescens, Pedes ru- fescentes, femoribus nigris. 1S. Norocuea BRUNNEA. Not. nigro-rufa nitidiuscula, ocni, nigris, elytris obsoletissimè striatis. - Tas. XXV. Fig. 8. į Long. Corp. 5 lin. Lat. 34 lin. Habitat in Nova Hollandiä. Corpus totum satis nitidum, castaneum, sive ee Ocult nigri. Antenne castanex. Thorax utrinque scrobiculatus. Elytra striata, striis valde obsoletis. Margo suturalis tenui- formis nigricans. Pectus nitidum, nigrum. Abdomen et pedes brunnei. x | isl 14, NOTOCLEA IMMACULATA. Not. fusca, capite thorace elytrorumque suturà bc Tas. XXV. Fig. 4. Long. Corp. 5 lin, Lat. 4+ Jin. " Habitat in Nova Hollandiá. LS Corpus fuscum, seu potiüs nigro-fuscum, en Capa fi ies. rubrum, punctatum. Antenne thorace longiores, basi tenu- iores, flavescentes, apice fusc®. Thorax fusco-ruber, punc- tatus: disco levi, angulis anticis rotundatis. - Elytra spar- “sim punctata: punctis excavatis, disco levia apud suturam ^fusco-rubra. Pedes anteriores rubent. - ‘Tarsi WOCHE primo subtus Kaigani c cenean | 4 reas svi ve) 7 Arie 2r2 15. No- 292 M. Marsuam’s Description of Notoclea. *15. NoTrocLEA LITURATA. Not. thorace utrinque impresso, elytris rufo-castaneis: liturä nigra. Tan. XXV. Meo. — : _ Long. Corp. à lin. Lat. 3 lin. Habitat in Nova Hollandia. ; = Caput rufo- castaneum, puncto in accipite impresso. ;, Antenne corpore dimidio breviores, basi-castaneæ, apice fusce. Tho- rax rufo-castaneus, marginatus, utrinque serobiculatus. Ely- tra rufo-castanea, liturá longitudinali nigra, antice intus an- gulatim inflexá, postice attenuata at apicem haud attingente. Abdomen antice nigrum, postice castancum. Pedes castanei. t: E Macula elytrorum haud male Hebræam Vau refert. Variat castanea, rufo-castanea, rufa. 16. NoroCLEA PUNCTATA. | Not. nigro-rufa, oculis nigris, capite thorace elytrisque puncta- tissimis. - MIRNRSIRNE qeu ij | Tan. XXV. Fig. 6. Long. Corp. à lin. Lat. 2: Jin. Habitat in Novä Hollandiä. | Antenne nigro-rufe, articulo ultimo pauló saturatiori. Oculi nigri. Caput, thorax, et elytra omnia punctatissima, punc- tis magnis impressis. Margo elytrorum exterior rufescens. ^" Abdomen subtus nigrum; nitidum, gn brunneum, Pedes ru- - fescentes. | Rh Ae 212 255 17. Norócrýa CASTANEA. Not. pu ined punctis impressis striisque aliquot. elevatis interruptis scabris. TAB. Mr. Mansnaw's Description of Notoclea. 298 Tas. XXV. Fig. 7- Long? Corp. 4+ lin. Lat. 3; lin. Habitat i in Novà Hollandia. | In Mus. D. Mac Leay. Caput castaneum, ore pallidiore. Antenne rufescentes. Thorax . castaneus, punctatus, lateribus pallidioribus et scabris. Elytra castanea, punctata, scabra, punctis plurimis impressis et striis 7—8 elevatis interruptis, quasi ex punctis elevatis constantibus. Corpus subtus castaneüm. Pedes paulo pal- lidiores, sive rufescentes. : ERN . NOTOCLEA $EXPUSTULATA. Not. thorace uirisque impresso, € ker e : maculis. sex rubris: 13. ase 2 TENNE, linek : — Án fant XXV. Fig. 8 i Hisi + „Long. Corp. 6 lin. Lat. 5 Jini Habitat in Novà Hollandiä. Ve Caput nigrum, ore rubro. | Antenne pice corpore dimidio bre- viores. Thorax niger, marginatus, utrinque scrobiculatus, lateribus rufis. Elytra nigra, punctulata, punctato-striata, maculis tribus rubris, quarum una: thoraci proxima major est, duz prope apicem transversim. ponte Corpus subtus atrum, nitidum. Pedes migth normia sss : 19. Noroc LEA LINEATA. Not. atra, elytris punctato-striatis: "n xiii macnlisque du- abus baseos rubris. Tas. XXV. Fig. 9. ‚ Long. Corp. 5 lin. Lat. 311 in. Habitat i in a Nová Hollandi& In Mus. Dom. MacLeay. p Caput 294 Mr. Mansuaw's Description of. Notoclea. Caput atrum, ore piceo. Antenne nigre, basi rubra. Thorax ater, punctatus, nitidus. Elytra atra, nitida, punctato- striata, linea rubra prope marginem et alia abbreviatä ad suturam postice posita. Ad basin macule due rubre, qua- rum una longa lineole instar prope scutellam est, et altera minor subtrigona juxta lineam exteriorem. Corpus subtus atrum, nitidum. Pedes nigri, femoribus piceis. 20. NoTOCLEA OCTOMACULATA. Not. rubra, coleoptris maculis octo difformibus atris. - Tas. XXV..Fig..J0. . Long. Corp. 4 lin. Lat. 3 lin. Habitat in Nova Hollandiá. In Mus. Dom. Milne. Antenne atque oculi atri. Caput. rubrum. Thorax ruber, ma- culis tribus atris, quarum media triloba est, et duse laterales reniformes. Scutellum atrum, | Elytra rubra, sub lente ob- soletiüs punctato-striata. In utroque macule quatuor atr, quarum duz minores sub-reniformes ad basin, altera ad me- dium arcuata, et quarta ad apicem linearis longitudinaliter posita. Corpus subtus nitidum. Sternum rubrum. Jbdo- men atrum, marginibus rubris. Pedes atri. Since the preceding Monograph was read to the Linnean So- ciety, I have received M. Latreille’s Genera Crustaceorum et In- sectorum, printed at Paris in 1807; and 1 find that the genus Noto- clea was known to that celebrated entomologist. It forms the first family of his 328th genus, Chrysomela, under the name of Coccinelloides, to which he gives the following character: “ Cor- pus sub-hemispharicum ; palpi maaillares articulo ultimo obtrigono." For Linn. trans, Vol IX fub. z4. p. 204. 2 a , : ^ x P. H z . j T | H x y F " 9 pit1d D " : $1.1 ii * zd : TE 4 er : P 7 yi € f £ ; J ü * Y E " ` 24 = 23 ài t r i a, i « 1% $ I S f 3k res i " $ E x t a : i tr fa f ; P $ 3 7 42% 1 w-— E i E “ oy a £ T é 1 i Me eth his i33 es T À E L * ~ 9 m Zinn. Trans. IX. fab. 25 P- 294. Mr. Marsuam’s Description of Notoclea. 295 For an example of this family he refers to Chrysomela Austra- lasie of Fabricius, an insect not known to me, but evidently be- . longing to my genus of Notoclea. It is proper to add that the same author appears to allude to insects of this genus in a note upon the genus Chrysomela in page 160 of the Tableaux Méthodiques,contained in the 24th volume of the Nouveau Dictionnaire d' Histoire Naturelle, published at Pa- ris in 1804, where he observes, “ Les Indes orientales fournissent “ plusieurs espèces de Chrysomeles dont le corps est hémisphérique, * et les palpes maxillaires presque terminés en hache." i XXII. Some nol 996 y reine T tý i Tr. Eria fatis N 3 CR. *! 5 JUTHE: 3 HII DIMB O10 1 A à 1 - i kai booed com? Wome sud scd goap yo ex Pi XXH. Some Remarks on the Plants now referred. to Sopkora, with Characters of the Genus Edwardsia, By R.A. Salishary, F.R.S. and L.S. . roveb lab eo ap on iv 20810 ew ais RE gv Civ: © ‘Read December 16, 1806. Turne is no genus in the vast natural order of Leguminose, which appears to me so great a disgrace to modern botanists, as Sophora. Mimosa indeed, I presume, must also be divided ; but the species referred to it have all a strict affinity to each other, whereas Sophora, as it stands in the last edition of the Systema Vegetabilium, contains at least eight genera, very few if any of which will follow each other, in a natural series. Lamarck has detached two of these heterogeneous parcels, joining with them nevertheless some that are quite dissimilar in habit. Professor Willdenow on the contrary, strange to tell, has not only re- united these two genera of Lamarck's, but added to them a third still more discordant, and nearer allied to Halodendrum. It is well known that our great master Linné only regarded Sophoraas a reservoir, into which he putevery leguminous plant with distinct stamina, that he could not refer to any other established genus. Those which I think ought to be separated, are, 1st, S. Mo- nosperma of Swartz: a tree with large pinnated leaves, some- what like those of Juglans, no stipules, terminal panicles of flowers, and a broad hairy pod, containing one or two scarlet and black seeds as big as a small hazel-nut : 2dly, S. Havanensis, Tomentosa, Occidentalis, Japonica and Heptaphylla : these trees wav. IAS p* | have Mr. Sauıspury’s Remarks on Plants referred to Sophora. 297 have pinnated leaves without stipules, terminal spikes of flowers, . deciduous filaments ; and the three first are probably all one and the same plant: 3dly, S. Alopecuroides, to which genus also be- longs the S. Flavescens of Solander, first taken up from his MS. in Hortus Kewensis: these two oriental plants are herbaceous, have pinnated leaves without stipules, terminal spikes of flowers, and persistent filaments: 4thly, S. Tetraptera and Microphylla, of which genus a third species has been discovered in the Sand- wich Isles: they have pinnated leaves without stipules, short ax- illary spikes of flowers, and deciduous filaments inserted in a large goblet-shaped 10-angular receptacle, which internally is callous; as soon as the petals and filaments fall off, the honey gushes out abundantly from their scars, a circumstance so sin- gular that I: believe no other instance has yet been observed: May we infer from it that this sweet secretion is destined to be absorbed by the young fruit? Does the honey in a hotter cli- mate than ours, where these trees are indigenous, exude gradu- ally from all the interior ‚surface of the receptacle? for in Iris Xiphium l have seen it sweating out in hot sunshine, so as to form large drops even upon the external surface of the tube: 5thly, S. Capensis : this shrub is furnished with stipules, pinnated leaves, long axillary spikes of fragrant flowers, and a comprest pod: the S. Aurea of Solander, which Lamarck joins to. it, is a very different tree, much nearer related to Robinia, where it has been placed by that excellent botanist L’Heritier: Gthly, S. Genistoides : to this shrub the S. Ternata and Trifoliata of Thunberg are probably allied: they have ternate leaves with stipules, axillary flowers, and differ essentially from the other Cape‘ plants arranged under Sophora, in the structure of their calyx: 7thly, S. Tinctoria, Australis, Lupinoides, and Alba: these are herbaceous plants from. North America,. with ternate leaves, VOL. IX. 2Q ; large 298 Mr. Sauıspurv’s Characters of the Genus Edwardsia. large stipules, terminal spikes of flowers, and a very inflated pedicellated pod; most of them afford indigo, and look like species of Crotolaria, under which genus Linné has inserted S. Alba in Species Plantarum: 8thly, S. Buaifolia, Rotundifolia, Hirsuta, Calyptrata, and Biflora: Professor : Retzius: first distinguished these shrubs, which all grow at the Cape of Good Hope, and I cannot see the smallest affinity in them -to the preceding North American plants; they have exceedingly small. stipules prest close. to the stem, thick downy simple leaves, axillary flowers either solitary orin short spikes, and a calyx rad aeg at the base, with a large sessile pod. f | p _ I have given the characters of the last of the Mess genera in Paradisus Londinensis; retaining for it, by possibly a more ca- nonical derivation, Lamarck's name. of Podalyria. I propose now briefly to describe the fourth, calling it after that celebrated botanic painter, who has for many years executed the figures in the Botanical Magazine. — EDWARDSIA. ` Leguminosæ. Juss. Gen. p. “345, Sect. IV. Corolla. papilionacea. Filamenta 10, libera. Peri- carpium 1-loculare, 2-valve. | Folia impari pinnata. - un nulle. edi | Torus calathiformis, 10- angulus, post lapsum. petalorum fila- mentorumque ex eorum-cicatrieibus mellifluus. Calyx obli- quus, 5-dentatus latere superiore fisso. | Petala conniventia, rectiuscula, Carina longa 2-petala. Pericarpium moniliforıne, .A4-pterum, polyspérmum. -Arbores humiles. : Folia sera: hy- eme decidua, juniora sericea. Flores aurei ; in spicis brevibus, . N axillaribus, . Mr. Saispunv's Characters of the Genus Edwardsia. 299 slastllaribus,; futuri anni jam estate prodeuntibus. Bractee mi- omuta, persistentes. Genus ab affinibus toro et inflorescentid s prorsus abludens : pericarpium consimile apud Buxb. Cent. 3. ot 4%. indicavit acutissimus Dryander, sed in istá stirpe, folia videntur esse stipulata. : Nomen dedi in honorem Sy denhami , Edwards, egregii Botanici Pictoris. ‘12 Epwarpsta MICROPHYLLA. E. foliolis 1-2: lineas longis, suborbicularibus : carine petalis ellipticis, margine dorsali uncinato. | Sophora microphylla. Jacg. Hort. Schonbr. v. 3. p. 17. t. 269. Sophora microphylla. Lam. Illustr. t. 325. f. 1. Sophora Mi- crophylla. Sol. in Ait. Hort. Kew. v. 2. p. 43. Sophora tetraptera. Forst. Prodr. p. 32. Sophora tetraptera. Linn. Fil.in Suppl. p. 230. Sponte nascentem in Ins. New Zealand, legit J. Banks, baronettus. Floret adhuc rarius apud nos. 2. EDWARDSIA CHRYSOPHYLLA. E. foliolis 8—10 lineas longis, obovatis; carin petalis ellipticis, margine dorsali recto. Tas. XXVI. Fig. 1. Sponte nascentem in Insulis Sandwich, legit A. Menzies. - ‘Facies aliqua sequentis, sed pubescentia dum tenera magis aurea. Folia densa: Petiolus angustus: Foliola 15—19, obovata, plus minus retusa. Flores minores quam in ceteris. Calyx tantum- modo 3 lineaslongus. Petala in specimine Herbarii Banksiani, ad quod descripsi, pallide flava. | Se Epwarpsta GRANDIFLORA. E. foliolis 10—15 lineas longis, lanceolatis: carinz petalis late falcatis. Lx 2Q2 Sophora 300 Mr. Sauıspury’s Characters of the Genus Edwardsia. Sophora tetraptera. Curt. in Bot. Mag. n. 167. cum Ic. Sophora tetraptera. Lamarck Illustr. £. 395... f-3.. Sophora- tetraptera. J. Mill. Ic. t. 1. pulchrå sed insertione genitalium non fideliter depicta. - Sophora tetraptera. Soland. in Ait. Hort. Kew. v. 2. p. 43. sd Er o ur | 1 Sponte nascentem in Ins. New Zealand, legit J. Banks, baronettus. Floret Septembri, Octobri; apud nos autem Maio. Flores in hac specie pulcherrimi, grandes. Pericarpium omnium consimile et tetrapterum. — XXIII. Che " A = $ P Pe a £ ' Fr j GE = & ái sad + ^ - ` í TU j A XXIII. Characters of Platylobium, BEA, and of a new Genus -~ named Poiretia, By James Edward Smith, M.D. F.R.S. P.L.S. 5 ‚Read May 3, 1808. Havine lately had my attention recalled to the Papilionaceous plants of New Holland with 10 separate stamens, the result of which I have had the honour of laying before the Linnean So- ciety, I have been induced to reconsider some of the same great natural order, from that country, with united or diadelphous filaments, particularly my own genus Platylobium, and one which has been improperly confounded with it, the Bossi@a of M. Ven- tenat. I have been the more immediately urged to take up the - subject, becguse this very eminent French botanist, misled by the accounts of others, has supposed these genera to be one and | the same, and has, in a letter to me, apologized, with his usual candour, for establishing a new genus apparently in competition with my Platylobium, for want, as he is pleased to say, of his having sufficient information on the subject. I was happy to take the first opportunity which the state of public affairs would allow me, of removing his doubts, and, as far as my judgment would go, of confirming the genus he had founded. The fol- lowing essential characters will, I trust, keep the 2 genera in question, as well as a new one that I have to propose, per- fectly distinct, and 1 shall subjoin definitions of every species of each with which I am acquainted. ‘They are all brought from the neighbourhood of Port Jackson, New South Wales, sis bd aud 4 302 Dr. Smirn’s Characters of Platylobium, Bossiea, and have flowered in the gardens about London, except Poiretia elliptica, which comes from the other side of New Holland. The genera in question belong to the 1st section of Diadelphia Decandria in Linnzeus, “ staminibus omnibus connexis," and to the 5th section of. Jussieu's Leg guminose. TUM 1. PLATYLOBIUM. Trans. of Linn. Soc. v. 9. 350. Calyx bilabiatus; labio superiore (bifido, rotundato. Legumen pedicellatum, compresso-planum, membranaceum, dorso alatum, uniloculare, polyspermum. | | ^ l. P. formosum, foliis cordato-ovatis, germine piloso. P. formosum. Bot. of N. Holl. 17. t. 6, Curt. Mag. t. 469. Ventenat Malmais. t. S1. This shrub has been so fully in, alle: in re 2d volume of our Transactions, that I have. nothing new to add, except an improvement of the character of the calyx, which is; truly 2-lipped. | i | 2. P. parviflorum, foliis lanceolato-ov atis, germine glabro. Bot. - of N. Holl. 18. eS See Hirak This species flowered at Messrs. Grinixood: S, come in 1799, and in several other gardens since, but I know not that it has been figured. ! * 2. Bossıma. Ventenat Jard. de Cels, jf | Calya bilabiatus ; ; labio superiore. bifido, retuso. Legumen, pedi- cellatum, compressum, margine utroque incrassatum, intüs spongiosum, multiloculare, polyspermum. 1. B. heterophylla, ramis compressis, foliis a het — busque. B. Kelerós and a new Genus named Poiretia.. | 305 —. B. heterophylla. Vent. Jard. de Cels, t. Y. Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 3. — .912. Dryand. in Ann. of Bot. v. 2. 526. -i Platylobium lanceolatum. Andr. Repos. t. 205. The almost woody texture of the legume ; its two incrassated margins, without the dilatation of the upper edge characteristic of Platylobium ; and its being separated by its spongy internal structure into as. many cells as there are seeds, are surely sufli- cient characters for this genus, which is moreover very distinct in habit from Platylobium. The present species has often been fully described ; the following are less known. 2. B. scolopendria, ramis compressis alatis dentatis denudatis, fo- liis ovato-ellipticis. Platylobium scolopendrum. Andr. Repos. t. 191. P. scolopendrium. Vent. Malmais. t. 55. " Very remarkable for its winged branches, justly compared by Ventenat to those of Cactus Phyllanthus, though of smaller di- mensions. The leaves are few, and soon fall off; their form is ratlier more ovate than elliptical. 3. B. ovata, ramis teretibus, foliis elliptico-ovatis. B. ovata. | Dryand. in Ann, of Bot. v. 2. 596. - Platylobium ovatum. - Andr: Repos. t. 266. | This has most resemblance to the first species in being, like that, very leafy, but the leaves are much more uniform, TE the branches are all round. The edges of the leaves in my wild spe- — are — ‘wavy, and somewhat crenate. ! à. p. microphylla, ramis teretibus spinescentibus, fotis obcor- ‚dato-euneiformibus. ~ Platylobium microphyllum. ‚Sims in Curt. Mag. t. 863. gist s:: : Easily 304 Dr. Suırw’s Characters of Poiretia. Easily distinguished by its little, roundish, wedge-shaped, more or less.obcordate, leaves, and the spinous terminations of its branches. The flowers in all the 4 species are orange beauti- fully variegated with crimson ; the keel in this last is purple. ` S. PotRETIA. Calyx bilabiatus ; labio superiore bifido, retuso. Legumen ses- sile, sphaericum, inflatum, uniloculare, dispermum. 1. P. linearis, foliis linearibus revolutis. This shrub, seeds and specimens of which have er sent from. New South Wales, flowered in Mr. George Hibbert’s rich col- lection at Clapham in 1798; but I am not aware that any figure or description of it has been published. It constitutes a very distinct new genus, allied to Platylobium and Bossiea, but suffi- ciently different in habit, and essentially distinguished from them, as they are from each other, by the fruit. I wish to de- dicate this genus to M. Poiret, the. able continuator of the bo- tanical part of the French Encyclopedie since it was given up by M. Lamarck. I have the more pleasure in doing this justice to M. Poiret's merits, because the plant which the late Abbé Ca- vanilles named Poiretia in 1797, had, unknown to either of these gentlemen, been published by me in the Stockholm Transac- tions, three years before, as Sprengelia, and 1 was therefore the innocent cause of a disappointment to both. This species of Poiretia, on which I have founded the. tim is a rather slender shrub, with alternate, round, leafy branches, clothed in their younger and upper parts with short dense silky hairs. Leaves alternate, on short, thick, hairy footstalks; spread- ing, 2 or 3 inches long, linear, narrow, obtuse with a small point, - somewhat revolute, obsoletely crenate ; smooth above; paler, often Dr. Smıtu’s Characters of Poiretia. 305 often hairy and rusty-coloured, with a prominent rib, beneath ; reticulated on both sides with innumerable minute veins. Sti- pulas small, Jinear-lanceolate, recurved, rigid, smooth. Flowers rather small, on short, simple, axillary, hairy stalks, either soli- tary or in pairs, with 2 or more small lanceolate bracteas. Calyx densely clothed externally with brown and white silky hairs, in the manner of some Astragali, 2-lipped, permanent; the upper lip largest, spreading upwards, extremely abrupt, cloven; lower of 3 equal lanceolate segments. Corolla longer than the calyx, variegated with lilac and violet. Stamens 10, all united into a tube cloven to the very base at its upper side, and permanent under the ripe fruit. Germen roundish, smooth. Style awl- shaped, ascending, hairy at the base only. Stigma obtuse. Le- gume sessile, naked, minutely furrowed and striated, of a shining brown, cartilaginous, globose, or very slightly com- pressed, about + of an inch ‘in diameter, tipped with à minute oblique point, inflated, of one cell. Seeds 2, roundish, smooth, ` variegated, 1 affixed to each valve at the upper suture, and ac- companied, as in the two preceding genera, by a white oblong appendage or strophiolum. | 2. P. elliptica, foliis elliptico-oblongis. This is known to me merely by a specimen gathéred by Mr: Menzies at King George’s Sound, on the west coast of New Holland, which unluckily is not in fruit, but the whole habit, and all the parts of the flower, so precisely agree with the fore- going species, that I have no doubt of the genus of the present plant. The branches are round, alternate, leafy, silky when young. Leaves about an inch and half long, alternate, on short downy stalks; more or less accurately elliptical, flat, entire, or very obscurely crenate, emarginate with a diminutive point; ^. VOL. IX. 2 R smooth 306 Dr. Suirn's Characters of Poiretia. smooth and shining above; opaque and minutely hairy beneath,. with a strong mid-rib; reticulated on both sides with numerous veins. Stipulas very small, lanceolate, erect. Flower-stalks about the upper parts of the branches, half an inch or more in length, axillary, generally in pairs from. one common, short, bracteated base, and each bearing one purplish flower, with a pair of very small bracteas at the base of its calyx. The flower-stalks,: brac- teas and calyx are clothed with silky rusty hairs; the upper lip of the latter is very broad, the segments of the lower lip short. Stamens as in the om ER Germen une smooth. Stigma: obtitse::! odi alm aC baocedcbmalcdd eilgvecti acted SCIO TOUR T : FETTE Norwich, March 30, 1808. : s x = ; = = XXIV. Musci S EUN | XXIV. Musci Nepalenses; or Descriptions aber new Mosses from Nepal. By William Jackson Hooker, Esq. F. L.S. Read June.7, 1808. Ir is through the kindness of Dr. Smith, who has favoured me with specimens for the purpose, that I have now the honour of laying before the Linnean Society figures and descriptions of such of the mosses gathered by Dr. Francis Buchanan, during his journey to Nepal, as appear to have escaped the attention of former writers on this subject. His collection contained also a few others already published, the names of which I have thought it best to insert, as nothing whatever is at present known respecting the Muscologia of that very extensive country. 1. SpHAGNUM ridans. S. iridans. Bridel. Suppl. I. p. 20. S. javense. Bridel. Hist. Musc. II. p. 27. t. 6. p 3; - S. clandestinum. Palisot de Beauvois. Prod. /Eth. p. 88. The only/specimen that Dr. Smith has received of this is bar- ren. It is most probably a Dicranum, as Bridel suspects, and tham is a plant with fructification in Mr. Turner's collection, 2R2 gathered 308 Mr. Hooxzr’s Descriptions of new Mosses from Nepal. gathered by Mr. Menzies in New Zealand, so like it, as to be perhaps not distinct. 9. OCTOBLEPHARUM albidum. Hedw. 3. SPLACHNUM squarrosum. Splachnum foliis lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis serratis: apice ho- rizontaliter patulis, capsulä cylindraceä, apophysi obconicä. Caules cespitosi, pollicares, vel sesquipollicares, erecti, nunc sim- plices, nunc basin versus bifurci; inferne, sicut in. Muscis aliis loca turfosa colentibus, tomento nigro-ferrugineo denst obtecti, superne foliosi. Folia lutescenti-viridia, undique laxé disposita, basi imbricata, apice horizontalia, vel etiam recurya, lineari-lanceolata, acuminata, reticulata, margine supra medium argute et manifeste serrata, nervo crasso, obscuro, in acumen longum, extra paginz apicem pro- ducto, instructa; madore plana, siccitate crispatula, Pe- dicellus terminalis, feré unguicularis, erectus, strictus, cro- ceus, glaber. Capsula luteo-fusca, cylindracea, perbrevis, ora incrassata, in exsiccatis ampliatä, apophysi insidens ob- conic, capsulà paullàm longiori, vix tamen latiori, eique | concolori, adeö ut una ægrè ab alterà dignoscatur. Peristo- mium dentibus sedecim, magnis, luteis, incurvis, transverse striatis, per paria approximatis. Columella capsulä brevior. —Neque calyptram nec operculum hactenüs vidi. Every other species of Splachnum at present described Basing its leaves either pressed close to the stem, or at least between erect and patent, there can be no difficulty in distinguishing the present, in which they are, both when moist and dry, disposed in a horizontal direction. In addition to this most obvious Mr. Hooxer’s Descriptions of new Mosses from Nepal. 309 obvious distinction, they are more deepty serrated than those of all the other species, without excepting even S. serratwm, and the reticulations are less apparent than is common in most of the individuals of this beautiful genus. The apophysis is so ob- solete as scarcely to be distinguishable from the capsule, which in its form bears a great resemblance to that of S. tenue. Dr. Buchanan found this plant at Naram Hetty. Tas. XXVI. Fig. 2. a. Splachnum squarrosum, natural size. b. leaf, magnified. c. capsule, magnified. 4. PrEROGONIUM declinatum. Pterogonium caule repente, foliis imbricatis ovatis integerrimis mediotenüs uninervibus, capsulà declinatá, operculo in- curvato. Caules procumbentes, reptantes, ramosissimi, ramis vagis, nu- merosis, unguicularibus, adscendentibus, divisis, curvatis, teretibus, apicem versus leviter incrassatis, basi denudatis, indè foliosis. Folia pallide viridia, laxiusculé imbricata, erecto-patula, ovata, brevitér acuminata, plana, margine integerrima, nervo obscuro concolore ultra medium evanes- cente instructa; perichetialia reliquorum similia, sed ali- quantüm angustiora, magis acuminata et lutescentia, basi . . rufescente. -Pedicellus lateralis, ramorum prope medium —— ortus, unguicularis, erectus, rufo-fuscus, inferne levis, su- pernà punctis elevatis scabrosus. Capsula oblonga, infra oram aliquantàm angustata, declinata, rufo-ferruginea, punc- tata, ord incrassatà, Operculum capsule concolor, ejusque : - instar 310 Mr. Hooxer’s Descriptions of new Mosses from Nepal. instar punctatum, conicum, curvulum. Calyptra tenuis, di- lute fusca, subulata, curvata, dimidiata, levis. Peristomi- um dentibus sedecim, suberectis, e capsule membraná in- teriore reticulatà ortis, lineari-subulatis, luteis, transverse striatis, a basi ad medium longitudinaliter fissis. I have named this plant from its most obvious character, the drooping capsule, in which it differs from all the other species of this genus described by Hedwig or Bridel, and has, in conse- quence of it, so completely the appearance of a Hypnum, that no one would suspect its real family, without first examining it. There will also be found under the microscope a strong pecu- liarity in the circumstance of the teeth of the peristomium being cleft in a very curious manner. Tas. XXVI. Fig. 3, a. Pterogonium declinatum, natural size. b. part of a branch, magnified. c. leaf. d. perichatial leaf. e. capsule. f. operculum. g. calyptra, with the iui h. teeth of the peristomium. 5. Preroconium ambiguum. Pterogonium caule pendulo pinnato, foliis obovatis concavis uni- nervibus, capsulà terminali globosä sessili, operculo pla- . niusculo. | | Caules semipedales et ulträ, denudati, tenues, subflexuosi, de- : - ^ piles, Mr. Hooxxn's Descriptions of new Mosses from Nepal. S1t biles, penduli, pinnatim ramosi ; rami ut plurimüm alterni, vel rariüs secundi, hic illic intervallis bi- tri-linearibus se- tuncti, horizontales, circiter pollicares, aliis minoribus simili modo pinnati, foliosi. Folia lax& imbricata, erecto-paten- ia, obovata, brevitér apiculata, valde concava, margine propé apicem involuto, cetera plano, ubique integerrimo, nervo obscuro ante apicem evanescente instructa; periche- tialia erecta, ovato-lanceolata, acutiuscula, paullüm modó concava, margine superne revoluta, nervo ad apicem usque attingente percursa ; omnia siccitate longitudinaliter striata. Capsule propemodüm sessiles, folis perichetialibus im- mers, ramorum brevissimorum reliquis immixtorum ad ex- tremitates terminales, globose, rufo-fuscee, venis anastomos- antibus eleganter picts, ord valdé contract, margine an- gusto, elevato. Operculum planum, aut obsoletissimé et obtusissimé umbonatum. Peristomium dentibus sedecim obcuneiformibus, luteis, transversim striatis, semper, quan- tum vidi, clausis, et nunquam vel erectis vcl reflexis. The capsules of this very singular moss have a remarkably contracted mouth, furnished with a narrow elevated margin, below which the operculum i is situated ; this is nearly flat, hav- ing an elevation in the centre so slight that it does not reach to ' the edge of the margin. The peristomium, which, on account of its minuteness, is very difficult to examine, has 16 obcunei- form, yellowish teeth placed close together in a horizontal direc- tion, never, as far as I could discern, . becoming erect, but re- sembling, in situation as well as in appearance, those of the Fu- nari@. l have given this plant the name of P. ambiguum, as I cannot help still regarding it as uncertain to what genus it pro- perly belongs, its terminal sessile capsules, its operculum, and Wag | its 312 Mr. Hooxzm's Descriptions of new Mosses from Nepal. its whole habit appearing to require that it should ultimately be removed from the Pterogonia, with which, on account of its pe- ristomium, it did not appear possible to avoid associating it at present, Tan. XXVI. Fig. 4. a. Pterogonium ambiguum, natural size. b. capsuliferous branch, magnified. c. leaf. d. perichetial leaf. e. capsule. f. operculum. | g. peristomium, with the capsule. 6. Dicranum scoparium. Hedw. 7. PotytricuwumM aloides. Hedw. 8. NECKERA spherocarpa. Neckera caule pinnato, ramis abbreviatis, foliis ovatis acuminatis mediotenüs uninervibus, capsulis subglobosis subsessilibus secundis. HaBıTar in truncis arborum apud Kargoo. D. Buchanan. Caules bi- tri-pollicares, penduli, ramosi; rami alterni, sparsi, remoti, horizontales, plerumque simplices et breves, longitu- dine tamen incerte, paullüm flexuosi, apices versus at- tenuati. ‘Folia undique laxé imbricata; superiora cauli ap- pressa, apicibus tamen s&piüs subsecundis, ovato-lanceo- lata, longé acuminata, ad apicem minutissimé serrulata, lu- tescenti- Mr, Hoorrr’s Descriptions of new Mosses from Nepal. 313 tescenti-viridia, basi purpurascentia, inferiora patula, vel sæpè recurvato-patula, ex ovato breviter modó acuminata, integerrima, atro-viridia ; omnia concava, sed margine juxta basin plano, nervo circiter medium evanescente instructa ; perichatialiaerecto-patula, pallid’ luteo-virescentia ; interiora majora, oblongo-lanceolata, acuminata, apicem versus sub- serrata, valde concava, et aliquantüm crispata, nervo ob- scuro ante medium evanido ; exteriora long? "minora, lan- ceolata, plana, integerrima; et basi tantüm nervo brevissi- mo instructa. Capsule ramorum ad latera site, semper se- cunde, solitarie, et plerumque intervallis. majusculis se- juncte, subglobose, læves, fusco-lutescentes, ord incrassatä, rubra, brevissime pedunculate, ut prorsüs sessiles videantur, foliis perichzetialibus multd breviores, iisque obtectz, unde, seorsüm observate, Phasco cuspidato non sunt absimiles. Operculum conicum, acutum, parüm rugosum, interné stria- tum, basi annulo composito cinctum. Peristomium duplex, utrumque albicans, et nigro-fasciatum ; interius, dentes se- decim filiformes, cum exterioribus, latioribus, brevioribus alternantes. Semina magna, sphzerica, fusco-viridia, rugosa, quasi pulvere obtecta, quod, si sub lente in aqua conspici- Satun evidentissimum est. Calyptra nondum a me visa. qo FPES "The affinity of this moss with the British Neckera heteromalla is too remarkable to escape notice; and it is most pleasant to the scientific observer of nature to find the artificial system of Ge- nera so confirmed by individuals collected on the trunks of trees in England and in the distant regions of Nepal. The spherical capsule appears, however, a sufficient criterion to distinguish the present species from every other at present known. | . 314 Mr. Hooxer’s Descriptions of new Mosses from: Nepal. Tas. XXVII. Fig. 1. ‘a. Neckera spherocarpa, natural size. b. part of a branch, magnified. c. upper leaf, fladaified. d. apex of the same, more highly magnified. e. lower leaf, magnified. f. perichetial leaf. .og apex, more highly magnified. h. capsule and interior BEN leaf. 1. operculum. k. operculum seen internally with the annulus. 1 part of the peristomium. ; ~- m. seeds, 9. NECKERA flavescens. Neckera caule erecto pinnato, ramis simpliciusculis, foliis ovatis enervibus, capsulä cylindraceá erecta, operculo subulato. s Caules tri- quinque- pollicares, erecti, pinnatim ramosi; rami vagi, plerumque alterni, elongati, paullüm flexuosi, sub- compressi, acuti, horizontales, nunc simplices, nunc aliis minoribus similitér instructi, undique foliosi. Folia laxius- culé imbricata, erecta, et cauli appressa, planiuscula, ova- ta, breviter acuminata, prorsùs enervia, lutescentia; sum- ma aureo-fulva; omnia siccitate nitentià, basi reticulata, margine integerrima; perichetialia reliquorum similia, sed minora, angustiora, et longissimé acuminata, recurvato-patula. Pedicelli in ramis siti, unciales, laterales, laeves, erecti, tenuis- simi, rufi. Mace ape bie care ed a ru- ex fescens, Mr. Hooxen’s Descriptions of ‚new Mosses from Nepal. $15 fescens, pulcherrimé reticulata. Operculum capsule conco- lor, eáque dimidio brevius, similitér reticulatum, e basi co- nicá subulatum, obtusiusculum. Calyptra cylindraceo-co- nica, dilutissimé fusca, glabra, nuda, integra secedens. Among the Neckerz Bridel enumerates no more than two spe- cies which have leaves imbricated on allsides, and upright pe- dunculated capsules, (N. curtipendula, and .N. dendroides,) both of which are of. too common occurrence, and are too easily distin- guished, for there to be any necessity of pointing out the differences that separate them from N. flavescens, here figured, the name of which I have derived from the colour. s Tas. XXVII. Fig. 2. a. Neckera flavescens, natural size. `` b. part of a branch, magnified. + c. leaf. f ID H EDI Sie d. perichatial. leaf. TOEA MSS te; éapsule.i0,et Df f. operculum. g. capsule covered with a Capire sl e ‘wate oe s em à sta 2 goes Se e uersu se liii au D MER E x fires LS GG ETAT NE /530, ' Neexena tenuis Neckera ale SR "Polis, raien ag SGLTAA- caulinis cor- _dato-subrotundis basi. bistriatis, . Fa erectä, operculo SÜDUEVO ij: Tee ee Caules procumbentes, repentes, odes et En varie flexuosi, -ceespitosi, implexi, ramosissimi. Rami horizontales, erecti- usculi, distichi, ‚vage pinnati, sub-pollicares, -longitudine tamen incerte, minoribus eädem ratione dispositis obsiti, 252 ; undique 316. Mr. Hooxer’s Descriptions of new Mosses from Nepal. undique foliosi, siccitate incurvi et crispatuli. Folia lu- tescentia, nitida, laxiusculé imbricata, marginibus ab apice ad medium usque serrata; caulina majora, horizontalia, plana vel paullàm undulata, cordato-subrotunda, breviter apiculata, basi obsolete bistriata ; „ramea minora, concava, erecto-patula, siccitate magis appressa, ovata, mutica, prorsüs enervia; perichetialia albicantia, lanceolata, longè acuminata, reflexa, apice modó serrata. Pedicelli in cauli- bus laterales, sesquipollicares, erecti, tenues, leeves, rubri. Capsula pedicello concolor, reticulata, erecta, oblonga, ora contracta. Operculum: ejusdem quoque coloris, e basi con- vexä rostratum, rostro curvato, capsulä tripld brevius. Pe- ristomium breve, flavum, striatum. * Though I have named this plant from its very thin stem and branches, it has a peculiarity still more remarkable in the twist- ing of the branches when dry, in which I believe that no other species of Neckera participates with it. It belongs to the same division as that last mentioned, and is consequently immediately distinguishable from every other. Taz. XXVII. Fig. 3. a. Neckera tenuis, natural size. b. part of a stem and branch, magnified. c. stem leaf. ` | d. leaf of the branch. — e. perichetial leaf. — fi eapsule. — = g operculum. = E me gg =e IL DAR» Mr. Hooxrn’s Descriptions of new Mosses from Nepal. 517 11. Barrramta fontana, Hedw. 12. Bartramra falcata. Bartramia caule subdiviso apice falcato, foliis quadrifariis ovato- lanceolatis serratis secundis, pedicellis caulem subequan- tibus. Caules dense cæspitosi, tripollicares et ultrà, nunc simplices, nunc inferne bis ter vage dichotomi, tomento denso ferru- gineo-fusco ad medium longitudinis obsiti, indè foliosi. Rami fastigiati, erecti, apicibus insigniter faleatis. Folia lætè viridia, quadrifariam posita, laxiusculé imbricata, erec- to-patula, apicibus tamen, presertim siccitate, secundis, ovato-lanceolata, acuminata, concavo-carinata, margine ubique serrata, pulcherrime reticulata, nervo valido, fusco, excurrente instructa ; perichetialia vix discrepant, nisi quód sint e basi ovata in acumen multó longius producta, apice solummodó serrata, et pallidé lutescentia. Pedicelli leves, e ramorum axillis caulis infra medium orti, pollicares et ul- trà, sed longitudine vix ramos excedentes, fusci, erecti, vel basi flexuosi. Capsula globosa, subcernua, fusca, matura sulcata. Operculum deest. Calyptra integra, cylindraceo- conica, albicans, glabra. Peristomium fusco-rubescens. ' This very distinct and beautiful species of a beautiful genus is most nearly allied to B. fontana, and particularly to the var. £. of the plant figured in Mr. Turner's Muscologia Hibernica (t. 10. f. 1.), but it differs in having the leaves more loosely imbricated, always disposed in four rows, with summits slightly incurved, and pointing the same way, as is particularly observable in dried specimens. E É 518 Mr. Hooxen’s Descriptions of new Mosses from Nepal. specimens. They are also serrated throughout their whole length. Besides this, the ends of the branches are remarkably incurved ; which furnishes so strong and obvious a character of the plant that I have derived the specific name from that circumstance. Tan. XXVII. Fig, 4. ^a. Bartramia falcata, natural size. b. b. parts of the gg magnified, c. leaf. d. perichetial leaf. e. capsule. f. calyptra. . 13. Barve heterophyllum, Bryum caule subdiviso, foliis serratis : infimis subrotundis; sum- mis lineari-acuminatis, capsulà cernuá, operculo convexo. Caules ceespitosi, simplices, vel prope basin vage divisi, unciales et ultra, per dimidiam feré longitudinem terrá immersi et aphylli; inde foliosi. Folia djeca; atro-purpurea, mar- gine incrassata, purpurea, serrata, nervo valido purpureo instructa, elegantissimè reticulata, madore erecto-patula, siccitate crispatula. Foliorum forma,’et nervi longitudo, mirè variant; inferiora ovata seu ovato-subrotunda, apice . modó minute serrata, nervo circa medium evanescente in- structa ; : intermedia ovato-elliptica, magis evidenter serrata, nervo infra apicem evanescente ; superiora longe-lanceolata, argute serrata, nervo valido excurrente ; omnia acuta. Pe- . dicellus terminalis, erectus, uncialis, laevis, inferne croceus, superne rutilans. Capsula ovato-oblonga, subcernua, fusca, = * Operculum Mr. Hooxer’s Descriptions of new Mosses from Nepal. 319 - Operculum 'capsul& pallidius, conicum, umbone minuto, - obliquo terminatum. Peristomium exterius dentibus fusco- flavescentibus, transversim striatis ; interius dentibus mem- - branaceis, flavis, similitér striatis. The singularly variable form of the leaves offers so strong a * character of this moss that I have derived from it the specific name. In size and in general appearance, when dry, it consi- derably resembles Mnium stellare of Hedwig, near which it must be arranged in the system. ; PAY AVE FRE a. Bryum heterophyllum, natural size. b. upper leaf, magnified. c. intermediate leaf. d. lower leaf. e. portion of the jos highly magnified. f. capsule. Qe operculum. 14. LESKEA flexilis. - Lo flea ie Sp. Muse, p. 934. t Ecco I am induced to offer a figure of the leaves of this very 'cu- adds moss, the specimens gathered by Dr. Buchanan differing | from. those figured by Hedwig, in having their leaves furnished at the base with a very evident, though short nerve, and tipped in many instances with a piliform mucro. Dr. Buchanan found it upon trees mixed with Pterogonium ambiguum; and, like Dr. Swartz, found it only barren, I have compared the individual | here 320 Mr. Hooxxnu's Descriptions of new Mosses from Nepal. here figured with original specimens in. Mr. Turner’s valuable Herbarium, and find them agree so precisely in every particular, excepting those just mentioned, as to leave no doubt of their identity. | Tas. XXVIII. Fig. 2. a. small branch, magnified. b.b. leaves. - 15. Hypnum proliferum. 16. Hyenum Buchanani. Hypnum caule procumbente, ramis erecto-patulis, foliis ovatis acuminatis subserratis uninervibus, capsulá cernuá, operculo conico obtuso. Caules bi- tri- pollicares, adscendentes, pinnatim ramosi. Rami erecti, circitér unguiculares, subdistichi, sparsi, plerumque simplices, sed interdüm repetito-divisi, filiformes, teretes, acuminati, undique foliosi. Folia lutescenti-viridia, nitida, undique laxé imbricata, erecta, plana, ovata, longé acumi- nata, nervo tenui, viridi, ad medium usque percurrente in- structa, apices versus subserrata, et apicibus, precipué in ramis superioribus, flexuosis; caulina majora, latiora, ad basin striata; ramea angustiora; omnia elegantér reticu- lata; perichetialia lineari-lanceolata; longè acuminata, apice torta et reflexa. Pedicelli in ramis orti, frequentes, subunguiculares, rufi, erecti, laves. Capsule rufo-fusce, cernuz, oblongz, reticulate. Operculum conicum, obtusum, capsula concolor, et similiter reticulatum. Calyptra dimi- diata, subulata, fuscella, levis—Exemplarium ætas haud - satis provecta peristomium investigare vetuit. | I am Mr. Hooxer’s Descriptions of new Mosses from Nepal. 321 I am at a loss to say which Hypnum approaches most nearly to that here figured, as it belongs to the division “ ramis tereti- bus," the most numerous and intricate of this immense genus. I flatter myself, however, with the hopes that the figure and cha- racter here given will serve to distinguish it from all others. I have named it after Dr. Francis Buchanan, who found all the mosses that form the subject of this paper. | Tan. XXVIII. Fig. 3. a. Hypnum Buchanani, natural size. b. part of the branch, magnified. c. stem leaf. d. perichetialleaf. |— e. capsule, with the operculum. f. calyptra. 17. Hypnum crispatulum. Hypnum caule adscendente, ramis erectis aduncis, foliis falcato- secundis lanceolatis serratis uninervibus siccitate crispis. Caules ads cendentes, simplices, vel bis ter dichotomi. Rami | erecti, apicibus incurvatis, undique foliosi. Folia diluté fusco-flavescentia, nitidiuscula, undique imbricata, laxe disposita, falcata, secunda, oblongo-lanceolata, acuminata, | nervo concolore infra apicem evanescente instructa, et striis aliquot longitudinalibus notata; per totum marginem ar- gute serrata, plana, vel saepe concavo-carinata, paullüm undulata, siccitate insignitér crispata. Fructificationem non vidi. VOL. IX. ST RR This EN 399. Me Hooker’s Descriptions de ne M osses yrom Nepal, "but very y imperfect speci- e division * foliis reflexis," and This Hypnum, of which 1 NE pos Pi “= gt evidently ` to 1 ftem easily distinguished | leaves, Picks are Ss eo more - narrow, and by: the Soratur which extend the whole length S of Hypnum rugosum are entire ae —— b. part of a branch, magnified. o C. C. leaves, fnit | habit, No: H. Wigs ; * Linn Irans. Vot. A. tab. 26. p.322. Linn, Dans Vol IV. lab, 27, p.822. Linn. rans. Vol, IX. tab, 28. p. 32. -( 893 ) | XXV. Exrracrs from the Minutr-Boox of the LINNEAN SocIETY of Lonwon. May 5, Mr. LawnznT exhibited a specimen of the single- La “June, A let 1807. < flowered Paonia suff uticosa, which was then in bloom, for the first time in ae in the collection of Lady . Amelia Hume. ter to the Secretary hot Mr. Power of Market Bosworth, Leicestershire, was read, describing the man- ner in which the Common Garden Snail Helix hortensis, and the Slugs Limar ater and maximus, feed on the Common Dew Worm or Earth Worm Lumbricus ter- restris, when dead or dying. This is performed in the night ; and as Mr. Power observed these animals would not attack a living worm, he attributes it to the prickles on its surface, which the worm, when in health and vi- , gour, has a power of erecting, as well probably for de- - fence against snails, as for the purpose of drawing straws, &c. into its retreat. P Nov.17. The following account from Mr. George Milne, F. L.S. respecting the effect of the imagination of a female cat on the foetus in the womb, was read. “ One afternoon in the month of May last, while my- 2T2 self 924 Extracts from the Minute-Book of the Linnean Society. self and family were at tea, a young female cat, which, on account of extreme playfulness, had become a great favourite, was lying on the hearth. She was pregnant for the second time, and had arrived, as nearly as I can recollect, at the middle period of gestation. A servant handing the tea-kettle, or doing some office which led her to pass between the fire and the table, trod very heavily on the creature’s tail. She screamed most frightfully, and ran out of the room; and from the na- ture of the noise which she emitted, it was evident that a considerable degree of terror mingled with the sense of injury. But from a circumstance so extremely com- mon no extraordinary result was expected, and the poor - cat’s tail was no more thought of until the final period of gestation, when we were surprised with the phzno- menon which has given occasion to this coramunication. She dropped five kittens; one of which, exactly re- sembling herself, was apparently perfect; but the other four had the tail most remarkably distorted. About one third of the length, reckoning from the base, there was a nodus equal in size to a very large pea, or about twice as thick as the tail itself; the remaining portion being turned on one side at an angle nearly ap- proaching to a right angle: and what may deserve no- tice, all of them turned the same way, towards the left side. I was urged to rear one of these as a curiosity ; but, conceiving that it might grow up rather a disgust- ing object, I had the whole destroyed; preserving only the one which appeared to be perfect. That one I kept about a month; when it was seized, as well as the Extracts from the Minute-Book of the Linnean Society. 325 the mother, with a disorder which greatly enfeebled it ; and to save the parent I destroyed the offspring. But it was previously discovered that this also had the tail distorted and turned aside at a considerable angle, al- though free from the knot which distinguished the other four.” CATA- 4 ( 326 ) CATALOGUE + OF THE LIBRARY OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY, Continued from Page 362 of Vol, VIII, of the Society's Transactions. N.B. Books, which are Continuations of Works, included in any of the former Parts of the Catalogue, have the original Numbers here affixed to them; and the other Books are numbered in regular Progression, 626. Arzextus (P.) Dissertatio Academica de Viribus atque Usu Digitalis Purpurez. Upsal, 1806, 4to. a 627. Barton’s (B. S.) Discourse on some of the principal Desiderata in Natural His- tory. Philadelphia, 1807, Svo. : N 628. Beroldingen (Von) Bemerkungen auf einer Reise durch die Pfalzischen Queck- silber Bergiwerke. Berlin, 1788, 8vo. : 629. Bridgman's (W.) Translation from the Greek of A Paraphrase on the Nico- machean Ethics of Aristotle. London, 1807, 4to. RR | 630. Chabert et Huzard Istruzione sulla Maniera di governare Le Vacche da Latte. Torino, 1798, 4to. 23 631. Dancer's (T.) Catalogue of Plants in the Botanical Garden in Jamaica, St. Jago de la Vega, 1792, 4to. : 632. Dela Brosse (Guy) de la Nature des Plantes. Paris, 1628, 8vo. 633. De Laet (J.) De Gemmis et Lapidibus. Lugd. Batav. 1647, 8vo. 634. Dillenii (J. J.) Historia Muscorum. Oxonii, 1741, 4to. 538. Dillwyn’s (L. W.) Synopsis of British Conferve. Fasc. 12—13.. London, 1807, 4to. 635. Dioscorides De Medica Materia. Frankf. 1543, fol. 636. Fischer (G.) Naturhistorische Fragmente, erster band. Frankf. 1801, 4to. 637. sur une nouvelle Espece de Tarsier, Mayence, 1802, 4to. “Gadélin 638. 639. 640. 641. 642. 613. 614. 645. 646. 647. 648. - 649. 650. 651. 652. 301. 653. 654. 655. 656. 657. 511. 377. 607. 658. 659. 568. 660. 661. Catalogue of the Library of the Linnean Society. 327 _ Gadolin (M. J.) Dissertationes Academica. Aboz, 1805, 4to. De Alumine. De Sulphate Argille. — Calcis. Baryt. Magnesiz. — Ammoniace. _ Ammoniace et Magnesiz. Sode. Gallizin (Le Prince de} Dictionnaire de Mineralogie. Brunsvik, 1802, fof. Hayne et Willdenow Termini Botanici, 4fasc. Berlin, 1799, 4to. Hosack’s (D.) Catalogue of Plants in the Botanic Garden at Elgin, near New York. 1806, 12mo. en ‚How (G.) Phytologia Britannica. London, 1650, 19mo. Latreille (A. P.) Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum, 3 tom. Paris, 1806—7, 8vo. Lacepede Histoire Naturelle des Poissons, 4 tom. Paris, 1798, 4to. Martin (J. de S.) Traité de la Culture du Chene. Paris, 1788, 8vo. Martyn’s (T.) Gardener's and Botanist’s Dictionary, by the late Philip Miller, corrected and newly arranged, with Additions. Part 22. Neill’s (P.) Tour in Orkney and Shetland. Edinburgh, 1806, 8vo. Panzer (G. W. F.) Symbole Entomologicz, fasc. 1. Erlange, 1794, 4to. Quaedam de J. G. Volcamer. Norimberge, 1802, 4to. Power's (J.) Calendar of Flora at Market Bosworth for January 1807. Hinck- ley, 4to. Scheuchzer (J. J.) Specimen Lithographiz Helveticze. Tiguri, 1702, 12mo. Shaw's (G.) General Zoology, vols.4—6... London, 1803—6, Svo. Smith (J. E.) and Sowerby's English Botany, vols. 24—26. London, 1807—8, 8vo. Smith (J. E.) and Sowerby's Exotic Botany, No. 23—24. London, 1806—8, 4to. Smith's (J. E.) Sketch of a Tour on the Continent. 2d edition. 3 vols. Lon- don, 1807, 8vo. ! | Smith's (J. E.) Introduction to Physiological and Systematic Botany. London, 1807, 8vo. Sowerby's (J.) British Mineralogy, No. 41—49. London, 1807—8, Svo. Spence's (W.) Britain independent of Commerce. London, 1807, 8vo. : Sprengel's (R.) Introduction to the Study of Cryptogamic Plants. Translated from the German. London, 1807, 8vo. 662. Swartz 328 . Catalogue of the Library of the Linnean Society. 662. Swartz (O.) Icones Plantarum Indic Occidentalis, fasc. 1. Erlangz, 17 94, fol. 665. Thunberg's (C. P.) Characteres Generum Insectorum, ed. F. A. Meyer. Got- tinge, 1791, 12mo. 438. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London for 1753—8, 1778 and 1807. London, 4to. 664. Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, vol. 1. Boston, 1785. vol. 2, part 1. Charlestown, 1804, 4to. 665. Transactions of the Horticultural Society of London, vol. 1. part 1. London, 1807, 4to. 666. Memoires de l'Academie de Dijon, -2 tom. Dijon, 1769 and 1774, 8vo. 667. Memoires de l'Academie Royale de la Rochelle, 2 tom. Paris, 1747 and 1752, 8vo. . | 668. Journal des Mines, No. 1—53. Paris, 1795—9, 8vo. :669. Catalogus Horti Botanici Turicensis. 1776, Svo. LIST ( 829 ) List OE DONORS | TO THE L dani : LIBRARY OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY, With References to the Numbersaffixed in the foregoing Catalogue to the Books presented by them respectively. THE Royal Society of London, 438, The Horticultural Society of London, 665. The Right Honourable Sir Joseph Banks, Bart. K.B. H.M.L.S. 438. 626. 628. 630. 631. 632. 633. 635. 636. 637. 638. 639. 640. 641. 642, 643. 644. 645. 646. 647. 649. 651. 652. 654. 655. 657. 662, 663. 666. 667. 668. 669. i . Benjamin Smith Barton, M.D. 627. William Bridgman, Esq. F.L.S. 629, Lewis Weston Dillwyn, Esq. F.L.S. 538... David Hosack, M.D. F.L.S. 648, | Alexander MacLeay, Esq. Sec.L.S. 650. Rev. Thomas Martyn, B.D. F.L.S. 301. Patrick Neill, A.M. A.L.S. 653. William Dandrige Peck, Esq. 664. J. Power, Esq. 656. | George Shaw, M.D. F.L.S. 511. James Edward Smith, M.D. Pres. L.S. 658. 659. Mr. James Sowerby, F.L.S. 377. 568. 607. . William Spence, Esq. F.L.S. 660. - TAB. 1. Apion - - - ~ - to face page 80 2. Cancer floridus, &c. ] 3. Cancer subterraneus, &c. 4. Cancer Locusta, &c. 5. Cancer rubricatus, &e. à - B -> - 114 6. Bulla Hydatis, &c. | 7. Doris longicornis, &c. 8. Amphitrite NM j 9. Ursus indicus B - - a - - 116 10. Variolaria multipuncta & V. globulifera E - - 137 11. Lecidea aromatica & L. atro-flava E ^ - 140 12. Parmelia velata & P. carneo-lutea - E - 143 13. Parmelia Clementi & P. Borreri E - - 147 14, Lycium rigidum B > - - - -. 158 15. Lycium tetrandrum 16. Lycium cinereum \ E E - - - 154 17. Lycium horridum | 18. Insect that destroys the Wheat - - . - 159 19. Didelphis cynocephala & D. ursina Seg - - 174 20. Dimorpha grandiflora - - - - - 180. 21. Piper quadrangulare & P. bracteatum, - = - 202. 22. Nauclea Gambir - - - > - 218. 23. Hookeria - - AREE - - » Qu ; 25. Notoclea - - - E - - 294 n Edwardsia chrysophylla, Splachnum squarrosum, &c. roce 27. Neckera sphzrocarpa, &c. - - | - 822. 28. Bryum heterophyllum, &c, - - Directions for placing the Plates of the Ninth Volume. 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