MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 64 -65 1976-77 Missouri BoTANIéAt GARDEN LIBRARY Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin MEDITERRANEAN HOUSE OPENS AT 2 p.m., SATURDAY, JANUARY 10 At 2 p.m. on Saturday, January 10, the Mediterranean House, the Garden's first Bicentennial project, will open. As detailed in the December 1975 Bulletin, the Mediterranean House is the first greenhouse in the country to be devoted exclusively to the display of mediterranean plants of the world. The project was conceived by Dr. Peter H. Raven, Director of the Garden. Located just north of the Climatron, the Mediterra- nean House at opening time will contain about 250 different species of plants from all five mediterranean regions of the world. The greenhouse also will feature cobblestone paths, representative of urban Mediterra- nean regions, benches, a small fountain and a grape arbor. The design for the interior was developed by Karl D. Pettit of Eugene J. Mackey and Associates. ADELINE BOYD Roots of Japanese Art - Sources and Traditions ADELINE BOYD LECTURE SERIES FOR MEMBERS OF THE GARDEN AND THE ASIAN ART SOCIETY: 10:30 a.m. on Jan. 5 and 19 and Feb. 2 and 16, Lehmann Building auditorium. Enrollment $15 per person for the series. Contact Mrs. David S. Lewis, Jr., 41 Trent Drive, St. Louis, Mo. 63124, 993-1011. Ikebana arrangements graced the setting at areception following the dedication of Tortoise Island. With Dr. Raven are Mrs. Walter E. Morris, center, and Mrs. John L. O'Brien. Tortoise Island Dedicated Tortoise Island, one of three islands within the Japanese Garden, was. dedicated recently at ceremonies attended by over 100 guests including members of Ikebana International, The Japanese American Citizens League, and the Japan America Society. The island, suggestive of a semi-submerged tortoise (sketch of island on page two), was the gift of the St. Louis chapter of Ikebana International. Fund-raising activities enabled the organization to donate $3000 toward the development of the island. Mrs. John L. O’Brien, president of the St. Louis Ikebana chapter, presented Dr. Peter H. Raven witha miniature marble tortoise, symbolic of eternal youth. Mrs.’Walter E. Morris, past president and founder of the St. Louis Ikebana chapter, was chairman of the dedication program, which concluded witha reception Continued on next page A Volume LXH+ Number 1 January 1976 in the John S. Lehmann Building. Crane Island will be dedicated January 18, and is sponsored by the Federated Garden Clubs of Missouri -East Central District. Following are the remarks which Dr. Raven delivered at Tortoise Island’s dedication. “On behalf of the Trustees and staff of the Missouri Botanical Garden, | am delighted to accept this beautiful Tortoise Island. Around you can be seen the beginnings of our Japanese Garden, a feature that will enrich our lives for many years to come. Over the next year this hiraniwa, or dry garden, will be filled with raked sand, and its southern portion planted with graceful weeping cherry trees to contrast with the rugged individuality of the pines around us. The eight- plank bridge, or yatsuhashi, will grace the far shore of the lake, and will be surrounded in spring with blooming iris plants. A teahouse will arise on the central island, and the area will steadily approach its ultimate form. “In placing this Tortoise Island here, Professor Kawana has enabled us to celebrate a tradition that goes back at least 3,500 years, to the beginnings of the Bronze Age in China, where inscribed tortoise shells were found in association with early bronze im- plements. Ancient Chinese legends tell of tortoises arising from the Yellow River with mystical writings on their backs. By the Han Dynasty, in the Second Century A.D., the tortoise shows up as a regular feature of the decorations of burial chambers. “From ancient times, the Chinese have associated the tortoise with winter. Its withdrawal from public view at the beginning of the winter, as it moves into hibernation, symbolized for them the slackening pace of human activity at that time, the men coming in from the fields, and the women working at their chores inside the houses. In Chinese tradition, the tortoise is exclusively female, its male counterpart being the snake, this resulting in a familiar design motif of oriental art. “| hope that these brief remarks have provided some insight into the meaning of what we are trying to accomplish here. | will close by reading atranslation of a Japanese poem, written by a former emperor at the Kameyama Palace in Kyoto just 700 years ago: Eternity And the pine trees on Tortoise Hill Reflected in the clear waters Of the palace pond In this evocation of the auspicious images of the tortoise and pine trees, both of which symbolize long life, the poet clearly expresses good wishes for the owner of the garden, and his concept is that of the unearthly land of the immortals. In the same spirit, we gratefully accept the gift of this Tortoise Island, and pledge to hold it in trust for the citizens of our community.” / Af ge oa CALA G “ Designer Koichi Kawana’s sketch of Tortoise Island. f oe bh A _ a ¥ . . >4 Wriag Fe a As om, oo View of Tortoise Island in Japanese Garden. is? In Japanese: “Tortoise Island.” From left: Jamie Weldon, Dave Koch, Randy Anderson. HORTICULTURAL SALES DEPARTMENT REORGANIZED The Horticultural Sales Department has recently begun moving in new directions as a result of a major reorganization designed to broaden the depth and scope of the horticultural services offered by the Garden. Randy Anderson has been named to the newly- created position of Horticultural Sales Manager and will coordinate all areas of horticultural sales within the Garden. His appointment was announced by Dr. William M. Klein, Assistant Director of the Garden. Anderson, a native of Nebraska, comes to the Garden after four years of study at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Col., in Ornamental Hor- ticulture. He also completed asummer internship at the Longwood Botanical Gardens, near Philadelphia, and has had wide experience in floral management, design, and sales. He will Supervise the Garden’s Plant Shop, Answerman Service, and Horticultural Contracts. Anderson will work in conjunction with Jamie Weldon, Plant Shop Manager, and Dave Koch, Hor- ticultural Contracts Manager; also recently appointed to their respective positions. Together, the three hope to provide a fuller ‘variety of plants, and more comprehensive plant information — reflecting the full scope of botanical possibilities suitable for home or commercial settings. While directly benefiting the Garden, Horticultural Sales also are an important outreach of the Garden’s continuing effort to stimulate greater understanding and awareness of the existing botanical world. The SECOND MEMBERS’ TOUR TO ENGLISH GARDENS Following the success of the Members’ trip to the English Gardens in 1973, under the direction of John Elsley, Curator of Hardy Plants at the Missouri Botanical Garden, we are pleased to announce that another tour to England will take place during the spring of 1976. Mr. Elsley will again accompany the group which will depart from St. Louis on Wednesday, May 19 and return Sunday, May 30. Although final plans have to be confirmed, it is intended that the tour will operate from a “base” in central London, visiting the gardens in Kent and Sussex. In addition to such famous gardens as Nymans, Sissinghurst Castle, Heaslands and Wakehurst Place, it is hoped that other renowned private gardens will be included in the itinerary. While in London the party will visit the Chelsea Flower Show — the finest and most famous show of its kind in the world. A visit to the Chelsea Physic Garden, one of London's oldest and most interesting horticultural and botanical institutions — a garden not normally accessible to visitors, will also be included. A special three day excursion, with headquarters in Oxford, will provide opportunities to visit the classic landscape gardens of Stowe and Rousham House, the Oxford Botanic Garden — Britain’s oldest botanic Garden founded in 1621, and such other famous gardens as Hidcote Manor and Kiftsgate Court in Gloucestershire. Finally, a tour of the superb show gardens of the Royal Horticultural Society at Wisley will conclude the itinerary. Further details and information may be obtained by telephoning American Express Company’s Travel Department, 241-6400, and ask for Beverly Soltys, who will be the trip coordinator, or by contacting the Garden’s Membership Office — 772-7600. Garden presently maintains 26 outside horticultural contracts throughout the St. Louis area which serve to enhance botanical interest within the community-at- large. The Answerman Service is also growing to meet the community’s heightened demand for plant informa- tion. A class of 15 volunteers recently completed an expanded training program within the Answerman program in order to handle the ever-increasing number of calls. Jamie Weldon, Plant Shop Manager, reports that a wider variety of plants will be available and more professionally displayed at the plant shop. He en- visions an expanded staff of additional volunteers, readily identifiable in mew uniforms, to assist customers in choosing the right plant for their particular needs. Chief advisor to the Horticultural Sales Department is Robert Dingwall, Director of Horticulture. Gardening in St. Louis JANUARY GARDENING As the New Year begins, we should reminisce about the garden we had last year and begin making plans for the garden we hope to have this coming year. Being a Bicentennial year, emphasis can be on a special garden or garden layout and on the colors red, white and blue. Anyone can have red, white and blue petunias but how about coming up with something that’s more of a challenge to grow, as far as flowering material is concerned? Seed Catalogs Now is the time to review the new seed catalogs that have been arriving to narrow down interests to a few well chosen plants that we feel we can grow successfully. Orders for bulbs and seeds should go in as early as possible to assure early delivery. For those who started with vegetable gardens last year or who want to start one this year, January is the month to get seed orders in. During the next month we will invariably have a thaw, and this is when the cool crops such as spinach, peas, and cabbage should be planted. When a brief spell of warm weather hits later, remove the mulch from the ground and cover the area with black plastic to help capture the sun’s rays and warm the soil up for the first 24 to 48 hours. Then remove the black plastic and plant your seeds to the required depth. Forcing Bulbs The middle of this month is a good time to start forcing the bulbs that were planted last October. These should now have made good root growth and can be brought indoors, placed in a dark, warm spot and kept moderately moist until the first node, or two or three inches of bulb are above the soil line. Then place the pots in an area where they receive full light during the day. The pots should be kept in a cool spot with good light so as not to force the plants too much which will end up in a weak, spindly growth and often the flower buds will dry up. Bulbs forced at this time of year will take about 4 weeks from the start of forcing until they are in bloom. Those who purchased extra seed last year should run a germination test; sprinkle a few seeds — 10 or 20 on damp blotters; place these in a warm, dark spot and examine daily. Keep the blotters constantly moist. At the end of 3 to 4 days, seeds should have germinated and you can count the number of seeds that are showing sprouts. Those that have not yet germinated will not germinate this coming spring. This will give you a good idea how thick to plant the seeds for best results this year. Germination usually decreases from one year to another. On mild days, check through the garden to see if any plants have heaved out from heavy frost. If so, they should be firmed back down into the soil to prevent them from drying out. Place alittle mulch in around the base of the plants to prevent further heaving. House Plants At this point house plants will benefit by having their leaves washed in warm water or warm milk. Also check thoroughly for signs of insect damage such as scale or mealy bug. This should be removed immediately by either washing the plants or using a mild spray that is not too toxic to either you or your animals. After spraying, place the plants where it is warm enough for the plants to dry and the odor to fade. Avoid using sprays in any food areas. Later this month, branches from apple trees, forsythia, and other early spring flowering shrubs may be brought indoors and sprayed with. warm water several times a day (the bathtub is an ideal area to do this); keep them in a warm spot and they will gradually open their blossoms giving an early hint of spring to come. Those of you with home greenhouses should hold back on planting your annuals or other plants unless vou can get them out very early inthe spring. Too early a start will make the plants overly large, taking up more room than what you can afford. Planting hardy plants 6 weeks before they can be set outdoors is the general rule of thumb. Tender plants planted 4 to 6 weeks is early enough. Most plants will not be growing significantly as yet due to the very short days. Therefore avoid excess use of fertilizers which could be harmful. Be sure all plants receive adequate light and turn them occasionally to give them good balance. Foundation Plantings Due to the very dry fall season, it is important during warm periods this month and next for foundation plantings to receive extra water if rains have not been heavy this month. Because the foundation tends to draw moisture away from the plants, a good watering will prevent winter damage. Make sure that foundation plants are heavily watered and that the water has a chance to penetrate down to the base of the roots for best effects. Allowing areas close to the foundation to run dry can cause loss of plants. Where space and light are adequate, you may enjoy starting a few of the early herbs and annuals which can be grown in pots and mature very quickly. Placed ina sunny south window or a warm home greenhouse, herbs can add extra flavor to winter dishes within about 6 weeks after first starting from seed. Robert Dingwall Chief Horticulturist EXHIBIT OF LINOLEUM BLOCK PRINTS BY HENRY EVANS ON DISPLAY JANUARY 12 - FEBRUARY 6 An exhibit of linoleum block prints by Henry Evans, noted California print-maker, will be on display in the lobby of the John S. Lehmann Building from January 12 through February 6. These prints are part of the Garden's permanent collection of: Evans’ work, purchased through a bequest from Angela Sterbenz, a long-time resident of South St. Louis and frequent visitor to the Garden. A small selection of Mr. Evans’ prints will be available for sale during the exhibit. Inquiries should be made through the Garden's library. Exhibit hours will be 9:00-5:00, Monday through Friday. NICKY BOTTGER WATERCOLOR COURSE A ten-week course in basic watercolor painting will be given by Mrs. Nicky Bottger, beginning January 21 and continuing every Wednesday through March 24. Intended for both beginning and advanced students, lessons will focus on the Climatron and other beautiful settings in the Garden. Students will provide their own supplies which will be listed at the first meeting. Class sessions will be held in the Museum Building from 9:30 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. Enrollment will be limited to 25 students. Interested persons may register by mailing a check, for $39.00 to the Continuing Education Department, Forest Park Community College, 5600 Oakland Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 63110. For information, call 664-3300, ext. 301. Mrs. Bottger is a well Known St. Louis watercolorist who has taught privately and at The Lindenwood Colleges, and at Forest Park and Meramec Community Colleges. Her own watercolors are exhibited locally and nationally. James L. Wilson, right, Director of the Department of Natural Resources, presenting a check for $300,000 to Dr. Peter H. Raven, Director of the Garden. This appropriation was made by the 78th Assembly of the Missouri Legislature to the Department of Natural Resources for the Japanese Garden, pictured in the diagram above. Mr. and Mrs. Wilson inspected the progress.on this project during their recent visit. The Strauch Fountain One of the newest features at the Garden is the Strauch Fountain, given in memory of John B. Tillie Strauch. The fountain was designed by William A. Bernoudy and completed in September. It is situated directly west of Tower Grove House. Its central feature is a lovely bronze angel originally installed at the Lindell-Skinker entrance to Forest Park as part of the 1904 World’s Fair. The angel was sculptured by Romano Romanelli, and was originally presented to the World’s Fair Commission by David N. O'Neill. In 1907 it was relocated to an area near the Municipal Opera, where it remained until shortly before its installation at the Garden. During the past summer the angel was restored by Phoebe Weil of the Center for Archaeometry at Washington University, and was treated with a protec- tive coating of corrosion inhibitor, Incralac, and a micro-crystalline wax in order to forestall deterioration of the bronze. BICENTENNIAL LECTURE, ‘HOW MANY BOTANY BOOKS DID JEFFERSON OWN?’. BY DR. JOSEPH A. EWAN Dr. Joseph A. Ewan, Ph.D., professor of Botany at Tulane University and one of the nation’s leading botanical historians, will present a lecture entitled “How Many Botany Books Did Jefferson Own?” as part of a Bicentennial lecture series sponsored by the Garden along with other cultural and educational institutions in the Greater St. Louis area. The lecture, to be given at 7:30 p.m. on February 2 at the Forest Park Community College’s Performing Arts Center, is one of 15 programs within the series: entitled “The World of Thomas Jefferson” which will begin January 12 and continue through April 19. Tickets for the series are $25. Garden members have received applications for series tickets. Individual tickets for the botany lecture are $2 for adults, students $1. Reservations can be made by calling 664-3300, ext. 266. CALENDAR OF EVENTS Mediterranean House Opening Exhibit: Linoleum Block January 10 January 12 through February 6 Prints, Henry Evans Lobby, John S. Lehmann Building January 18 Dedication of Crane Island Japanese Garden January 31 through Orchid Show March 16 Climatron February 2 Bicentennial Lecture: “How Many Botany Books Did Jefferson Own?”’. Dr. Joseph A. Ewan Forest Park Community College, Performing Arts Center, 7:30 p.m. February 28-29 African Violet Society Show Floral Display House March 6-7 Spring Garden Workshop Floral Display House March 19 Members Spring Preview Party Floral Display House March 20 through April 11 Spring Flower Show Floral Display House ay ei N: jen 5 : ‘=> : > % ¥ \ 4 wa ey ee fb From left: Dr. George E. Pilz, Dr. Robert E. Magill, Dr. Arthur J. Hicks. Grant Will Support Museum Training Program In The Department of Botany The Garden has received a grant of $24,682 from the National Endowment for the Arts to support a one year museum training program in the Department of Botany. The program will train three recent Ph.D.’s in Botany in the management of herbarium, or dried plant, collections. Herbaria serve as repositories for voucher specimens of plants used in scientific studies and as reference tools for identification of unknown specimens. There are over 500 herbaria in the United States but none have offered formal training in herbarium management. The Missouri Botanical Garden's collec- tion of over two and one half million specimens is one of the largest and most important in the country, and with a staff of 30 will expose the trainees to the many aspects of managing such collections. The trainees are Dr. Arthur J. Hicks, University of Illinois; Dr. Robert E. Magill, Texas A & M University; and Dr. George E. Pilz, University of California-Berkeley. Member of The Arts and Education Fund of Greater St.Louis The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN is publish- ed 11 issues per year monthly except August, by the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. M. P. CRONIN, Editor SUBSCRIPTION RATES: $5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign. Scenes above are from the Members’ Preview Party, attended by over 1600 and sponsored by Famous-Barr Co. The event opened the annual Poinsettia Show which is on view through January 11 in the Floral Display House. During the party, both the Garden Gate Shop and the Plant Shop were open. Members received discounts on purchases and their response to the shops’ expanded lines was described as overwhelm- ing. Report on the 1975 Systematics Symposium Approximately 300 scientists and graduate students from all parts of the United States attended the T wenty- second Annual Systematics Symposium held at the Garden, October 17-18, 1975. This yearly event draws together botanists and zoologists to hear about latest developments in systematics and closely related fields. The 1975 topic was: “Evolution at the Population Level.” Since systematists and taxonomists classify the end products of the evolutionary process as they are seen today and also attempt to explain how these end products may have come about, it was fitting that this topic was considered for 1975. It is at the level of local populations that the nitty-gritty evolutionary events and processes of gene mutation, changes in chromosome structure and number, genetic recom- bination, natural selection, and reproductive isolation take place. The six Symposium speakers dealt with certain aspects of these processes and related them to the adaptation and speciation of plant and animal populations. Dr. H. L. Carson, University of Hawaii, spoke on adaptation and speciation at the microevolutionary level and attempted to identify the genetic basis for adaptational and speciational events. Dr. J. An- tonovics, Duke University, examined the nature of limits to natural selection based on his own and students’ studies of plant populations. Dr. G. Johnson, Washington University, discussed his studies on adaptation in butterflies of the genus Colias in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado. His studies showed strong evidence for the natural selection of certain forms of enzymes which enable the butterflies to adapt more successfully to the different environmental conditions found in the mountains. Dr. O. T. Solbrig, Harvard University, presented a hypothesis to account for the development of the two main breeding systems in plants, cross- and self- fertilization. Empirical evidence from work with Leavenworthia, a genus of the mustard family, was presented in support of his hypothesis. Dr. R. W. Cruden, University of lowa, discussed his recent research of adaptation of certain plant populations to insert pollination. He showed that differences in the production of number of pollen grains compared tothe number of ovules and differences in the amount of nectar secretion can be used as a measure of adaption. Dr. J. Sarukhan, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, discussed three closely related buttercups with markedly different life histories. He showed that these histories are based on different expenditures of energy on vegetative and reproductive structures by each of the three species and discussed possible types of selection that may have been involved. A very stimulating evening talk by Dr. P. Ehrlich reviewing his research of the population biology of butterflies and, more recently, coral reef fishes brought the Sym- posium to an end. Gerrit Davidse Assistant Curator, Botany Department NEW SUSTAINING Mr./Mrs. Albert P. Gronemeyer Mr./Mrs. Harry W. Tretter, Jr. Mrs. Mary H. Proffitt Mr./Mrs. Tom Hall Dr./Mrs. Ronald Turgeon Mrs. Christa E. Rariden MEMBERSHIP Mr./Mrs. Lee Hanley Mr./Mrs. Everett T. ier Mrs i ee aoe Reck _ Charles Harris Miss Mary Jo Sawicki NOVEMBER 1975 ei as Harrison NEW INDIVIDUAL Mrs. Ernest W. Stix ; Miss Elizabeth Sutcliffe Ms. Antoinette O. Bailey a ee Ean MEMBERSHIPS Miss Nancy Tennant Mr./Mrs. Peter J. Hitch NOVEMBER 1975 ie ie UA acca Mr./Mrs. C. C. Jen Fv. vacoD Hinman NEW CONTRIBUTING Mr./Mrs. Carl C. Johnson Miss Mary A. Abele eta A MEMBERSHIP Ms. Mary L. Johnson Mr. C. E. Bailey, III a Pda Ven fisel NOVEMBER 1975 GA he eae Mrs. Helen E. Baird Miss Ersull Vevier Mr./Mrs. K. N. Kermes Miss Marjorie Bandy M H J Vi jeans Mr./Mrs. Tedd H. Kimelman Mrs. Robert L. Brereton ie st a head Mr./Mrs. John P. Maguire Mr./Mrs. Minoru Kimizuka Miss Dorothy M. Byars 4s An w ra oF Mr./Mrs. Kenneth Kraeger Miss Jean Canfield ag a e if 7” Mr./Mrs. Paul W. Lashly Mr. Ta-Pei Cheng Mr FE 5 Wh oon " m NEW FAMILY Mr./Mrs. H. Greig Lindner Miss Patricia B. Connors Mr Cra Wolf vs Mr./Mrs. George E. Lister Miss Margaretta J. Darnall ba MEMBERSHIPS Mr./Mrs. caldera ao Mrs. John O. Dozier Dr./Mrs. Roger Me Mrs. Roy H. Eberhart, II NOVEMBER 1975 Mr./Mrs. James E. Mesnier Ms. Emily K. Fast INCREASE IN Mr./Mrs. John Mohart, Jr. Mr. Donald H. Gastorf MEMBERSHIP Mr./Mrs. David H. Adolphsen Mr./Mrs. Ralph B. Morris Mrs. Fred Geyer IBUTIONS Mr./Mrs. Thomas F. Aleto Mr./Mrs. Ray W. Mullins Ms. Beth Goyer CONTRIBU Mr./Mrs. Donald Bachman Drs. Paul and Nancy Patchem Mrs. John P. Gratz NOVEMBER 1975 Mr./Mrs. Charles J. Bachmann Mr./Mrs. James W. Peters Mrs. R. E. Grissinger Mr./Mrs. R. Baer Mr./Mrs. Warren Pouyer Mrs. Genevieve Hall SUSTAINING Mr./Mrs. Armand Bouligny Mr./Mrs. Howard R. Presser Miss Linda Herzig Dr./Mrs. Richard V. Bradley Mr./Mrs. George A. Riddle Ms. Sheila Hill Misses Joan and Mary Brucker Mr. Don J. Riehn Mr. Don F. Hoffmann Mrs. Richard A. Bullock Mr./Mrs. Paul A. Bruening Mr./Mrs. H. J. Schall Mr. David L. Hutchison Mr./Mrs. Eugene Johanson Mr./Mrs. W. Evans Crosby Mr./Mrs. George Schelling Mrs. Berkley Jones Mr./Mrs. Shea Smith, Ill Mr. Jodie M. Davis Mr./Mrs. Edward H. Schroeder Mrs. Carole Kassouf Mr./Mrs. Robert K. Davis Mr./Mrs. Eugene Schuchart Mrs. Walter Knox FAMILY Mr./Mrs. Paul E. Dickinson Dr./Mrs. H. R. Senturia Ms. Barbara Lee Mr./Mrs. Frederick Dierker Mr./Mrs. Lewis Shilane Miss Linda Susan Lewis Mr./Mrs. Adelbert A. Francis II Mr./Mrs. Oliver Siegmund Miss Virginia L. Lindau Dr./Mrs. Walter Baumgarten, Jr. Mrs. Estelle Fritsche Mr./Mrs. Carl R. Simpson Sr. Julia Mahoney Mr./Mrs. Leo J. Berkman Mr /Mrs Stan Gaa Mr./Mrs. Buford D. Smith Mrs. Jack R. Mandel Mr./Mrs. William H. Charles Mr./Mrs. Louis J. Garr, Jr Dr./Mrs. Dixie E. Snider, Jr. Mrs. David B. McDougal, Jr. Dr./Mrs. W. M. Fogarty Mr. Steven H. Garten Mr./Mrs. George H. Stroud Miss Bernice McGhee Mr./Mrs. Warren Handel Mr./Mrs. George S. Gilley Mr./Mrs. Louis Szewczuk Mr. Lawrence W. Price III Mrs. C. S. Newhard NOVEMBER TRIBUTES In Honor of Mr./Mrs. Ellis Littmann In Memory of Irene Kramer Halsband Mr./Mrs. Harvey D. Johnson Anniversary Mr./Mrs. William N. Chambers Samuel and Barbara Murphy Mrs. Morris Glik ; In Memory of Mr. Charles L. Henne In Memory of Mr. Theodore E. Storkson in Memory of Patrick Brennan St. Louis Horticultural Society Mr./Mrs. K. M. Aiken Darlene Gene Thornhill Mrs. Theodore Storkson a In Memory of Margaret Hood In Memory of Dr. Edwin Eigel Mr./Mrs. Sam'l C. Davis In Memory of Mrs. Charles Allen Thomas Dr. Armand D. Fries Beatrice Thake Mr./Mrs. Joseph H. Bascom In Memory of William L. Haarstick In Memory of John William Murphy In Memory of Madeline M. Thomas Mary and Grace Gaines Mr. Arthur M. Branch, Jr. St. Louis Horticultural Society MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN SECOND-CLASS 2345 Tower Grove Avenue pi Saint Louis, Missouri 63110 AT ST. LOUIS, MO. ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Mediterranean House Opens The Mediterranean House opened January 10, during afternoon ceremonies presided over by Garden Director, Dr. Peter H. Raven. St. Louis Mayor John H. Poelker cut the ribbon outside the House entrance, after which guests moved inside for a first look at the Garden's newest addition. Other dignitaries included Father Salvatore E. Polizzi, Associate Pastor of St. Ambrose Catholic Church and Director, Hill 2000, the Italian American organization located in the Garden’s neighborhood, and Mr. Henry C. Colteryahn, Chairman, Horizons Theme, St. Louis Spirit of '76 Bicentennial Commis- sion. For the occasion, cut flowers were specially flown from the Kirstenbosch Botanic Garden, in Cape Province, South Africa, one of the five mediterranean regions of the world. Sherry and delicacies common to the regions were served to the 200 attending guests as Dr. Raven noted the biblical and historic significance of such plants as: the acanthus which was featured on the Corinthian columns of Greek architecture, the pomegranate, which was figured on the coins of the ancient Jewish state just before it was conquered by the Romans, and again, on the coins of the modern state of Israel. Dr. Raven also stressed the House as asym bol of the resurgence of the St. Louis area, noting that the building was constructed in 1912 and renovated to its present beauty. In presenting to Mr. Colteryahn a sprig of laurel, symbolic to the Ancients of victory, joy, and the power of the sun, Dr. Raven linked completion of the Garden's first Bicentennial project to the celebration of the nation’s achievements over 200 years. Other Bicentennial projects are the English Woodland Garden, to be dedicated May 4, and the Japanese Garden, to be dedicated in the autumn. The Mediterranean House is open daily from 9 a.m. (oD: Orchids rely on unique strategies to insure pollination and outcrossing. The cattleya, above, one of the orchids on display at the Garden, is pollinated by a bee. ‘Disa uniflora’ (top of page) attracts butterflies. Annual Orchid Show On View In Climatron Through March 16 The orchid, one of the strangest and most exotic of flowers, has endured centuries of uninterrupted popularity and is a central attraction at the Garden during the annual Orchid Show, on view now through March 16. From opaque blossoms less than a millimeter in diameter to the familiar purple cattleyas (corsage variety), orchids, striking in their diversity, will be featured in the Climatron where the steamy climate simulates the jungle environs of many orchids. A tough, exceedingly common plant, the orchid Is considered a beautiful weed in many parts of the world. Its reputation as a difficult and temperamental plant”is unwarranted,” said Marion Pfeiffer, the Garden's chief orchid grower, who has nurtured the Garden's rare Continued on next page 7 Volume LXIIl Number 2 February 1976 collection for 28 years. The Orchidaceae (Orchid family) is an extremely successful and advanced plant family. With perhaps 30,000 species, it is the largest of flowering plant families — accounting for nearly a tenth of all the earth's plants. This year's show will feature over 300 varieties of orchids, many of which are rare and not known to be cultivated in any other botanical institu- tion. Orchids, many of whichare epiphytes (relying onthe atmosphere rather than soil for water and nutrients), are found on every continent except Antartica; in high mountainous regions as well as in the treetops of tropical forests. The Lady Slipper, Cypripedium calceolus, with its pale yellow flowers, iS an orchid native to Missouri. Another peculiar species from Western Australia, named Rhizanthella gardneri, grows and blooms entirely underground. ‘Great Impersonators’ Some of the 1000 orchid plants on view throughout the Orchid Show are great impersonators in the wild, depending upon their natural disguises for survival. One incredible deceiver is the Mediterranean orchid, Ophrys speculum, whose appearance and scent so closely mimic a female wasp as to attract its specific pollinator, the male wasp. While attempting to mate with the orchid, the male wasp picks up pollen masses which are eventually deposited on another orchid. Through millenia of evolutionary refinement, the fluttering yellow petals of the orchid dancing girl (Oncidium), resembling butterfly’s wings, enable it to attract attacking bees for the task of pollination. This orchid will be on view during the Show. Another fortunate case of mistaken identity involves the fringed Australian orchid, Ca/ochilus robertsonii, whose close resemblance to a caterpillar enables it to attract hungry wasps searching for caterpillars which are their chief prey. Dr. Charles Huckins, curator of tropical plants, attributed a portion of the orchid’s success throughout the world to its sophisticated pollinating mechanisms which insure outcrossing by attracting insects through a variety of strategies. ‘Strategies of Attraction’ In addition to appearance, orchids also utilize color, fragrance, and structure to attract pollinators. Insome instances, the orchid’s lip petal facilitates pollination by serving as a type of landing platform for the insect. Still other orchids possess complex traps or mazes which guide pollinating insects past the plant’s pollen sacs. Unless pollinated, the plant fails to develop the millions of minute ovules contained within the Ovary. After pollination, however, the millions of dustlike seeds are eventually released and may travel long distances before coming to rest. After invasion by a nutrient-rich fungus, the seed begins a five to ten year growth period culminating in the plant’s first bloom. Angraecum sesquipedale, the famous orchid which puzzled Charles Darwin, relies upon a night-flying moth to insure pollination. A white orchid, native to Madagascar, with a foot- long spur, attracts night-flying moths which possess a tongue long enough to extract nectar from the spur’s extreme tip. In the 19th century, Charles Darwin predicted the existence of this insect after deducing that only “some moth with a wonderfully long proboscis,” capable of reaching the nectar would serve as the plant’s pollinator. Years later, such a moth was discovered and fittingly named Xanthopan morgani praedicta. Paphiopedilum ‘Rainbow’ is fly-pollinated. Even before the ancient Greeks first took notice and named the plant, orchids have Captivated man’s attention. The Garden’s annual Orchid Show is a testimony to this fascination and offers a first hand Opportunity to view the unsurpassed beauty and mystique of the orchid. Ann Patrice Ferrigan, Staff Writer SPRING GARDEN WORKSHOP ON MARCH 6 AND 7 In response to an increasing demand for information on gardening projects of a practical nature, a Spring Garden Workshop will be held in the Floral Display House, on Saturday, March 6, and Sunday, March 7. Sessions will be from 11 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. on Saturday and from noon to 4:30 p.m. on Sunday. Admission for Garden members is free. The workshop will provide information ona variety of topics, including: how and when to prune trees and shrubs; seed sowing and planting; container growing of vegetables in limited space areas, and the best vegetable varieties to grow in St. Louis. There will be approximately two dozen booths set up by the Garden staff, horticultural societies, and commercial gardening firms, where on the spot spring gardening advice will be given. Director of the workshop is Robert Dingwall, Chief Horticulturist. BOXWOOD SOCIETY OF THE MIDWEST BEING FORMED The Boxwood Society of the Midwest is now being formed. Membership is open to anyone interested in learning more about the plant and how to grow it inthe Midwest. Headquarters of the new society will be at the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 63110. Many of its activities will be associated with the Edgar Anderson Memorial Box- wood Garden to be installed at the Garden with planting scheduled to begin in 1976. The society’s first meeting will be held at the Missouri Botanical Garden in early March of 1976. At this meeting the organization, purpose and beginning plans of the society will be outlined. The representative program will include a presentation of the comprehen- sive plan of the Edgar Anderson Memorial Boxwood Garden which was designed by Karl Pettit Ill of Eugene J. Mackey and Associates in consultation with Mrs. Harriet R. Bakewell, landscape architect. Anyone interested in learning more about the society and in receiving a notice of the founding meeting may write to either of the following: Mrs. D. Goodrich Gamble, 23 Bon-Price Terraces, St. Louis, Mo. 63132 or Mrs. George E. Penhale, 316 Carson Road, Ferguson, Mo. 63135. The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN is publish- ed 11 issues per year monthly except August, by the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. M. P. CRONIN, Editor SUBSCRIPTION RATES: $5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign. Pe Vn ae M3 eS = o 7 i NVerle WY sy. NA Eras <> ‘ ws. ge af en Me a oie Tei, jot nat bell EXHIBIT OF ANTIQUE VALENTINES AT TOWER GROVE HOUSE THIS MONTH An exhibit of antique valentines owned by Mr. Edwin W. Henderson, a nationally known collector, iS on display during February at Tower Grove House. The Henderson Collection has never before been exhibited to the public and the fifty valentines on view in the first and second floor display cases of the House date back to the 1840's. Included in the exhibit are mechanical valentines, free standing and box valentines, comic (penny dreadfuls) and sentimental valentines, and booklets of verse. The greetings, most of them handmade, were designed and printed chiefly in England, Germany and the United States. Current hours for Tower Grove House are from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. daily and weekends. Admission is free to Members. Member of The Arts and Education Fund of Greater St.Louis Gardening in St. Louis FEBRUARY GARDENING Plans should now be well under way for what is to happen in the garden this coming season. Gardens in public areas will take on renewed significance this Bicentennial year. Red, white, and blue will be prominent garden colors and there will be a great variety of plant material to choose from. Early planning and ordering will prove profitable. Over 200 new varieties of plants are being offered this spring but care should be exercised in choosing the appropriate plant varieties that will flourish in your garden area. Early vegetables that prefer cool weather can be planted outdoors as soon as the soil can be worked. These include: peas, lettuce, onions, parsley, and spinach. Flower seeds can also be directly sown if soil is ready, especially, Shirley poppies, larkspur, sweet peas, and snapdragons. Dormant Spray Dormant spray should be applied beginning this month when the temperature will not drop below 40 degrees for 24 consecutive hours. Use dormant spray especially for scale on euonymus and oaks, and for oyster scale on lilacs. Oil spray should be used only once a season and container directions should be followed carefully. Dormant spray does not harm birds. Chickweed With warm days this month, the chickweed will be actively growing; so now is the time to use a recommended herbicide in order to control the weed before it sets seed and spreads further. Thin areas in the lawn may be lightly raked when warm weather permits and lawn seed applied as grass will grow better during the cooler, early spring months. A 6-12-12 fertilizer may be applied this month to stimulate the grass into growth. Insect Damage Check house plants for signs of insect damage and spray if needed. Avoid using fertilizer on house plants until they show signs of active growth. This is a good time to repot plants that need it but avoid overwatering until new roots are well established. Washing leaves under the shower or with warm milk will remove winter dust and help your plants get off to a better start. Orders for vegetable and flower seed should be placed as soon as possible. Growing mediums and containers should be prepared and ready when the time comes to start seed sowing and transplanting indoors. Do not start seed too early; see that there is plenty of light to allow seedlings to develop properly. Low light will cause seedlings to stretch and become spindly. Feed seedlings with liquid fertilizer but use caution so as not to burn them. Geranium cuttings can be made this month. Let the cuttings lie on a shelf or table fora day so they can heal over on the cut end before being placed in a rooting medium. Avoid keeping too wet in the early rooting stages. Fruit trees and grapes may be pruned on mild days to remove excess wood and to shape the plants. Place orders for new trees if needed and when they arrive, plant immediately and mulch well. Birds Remember your friends, the birds, and see that feeders are well stocked as they depend upon this source of feed to carry them through the cold days to come. A point that needs to be stressed often, is the need to continually improve your growing areas in the garden, with the use of compost in the form of partially rotted plant refuse or animal manures. Compost should be added to the soil after each crop and again in early spring, when preparing for new planting. If using fresh animal manure, it should be used more sparingly and worked well into the soil prior to planting. Animal manure that has sat outside, in most cases has much of the nutrients leached out by rain, and therefore can be used in heavier quantities as it is more like compost. Plenty of compost inthe soil also means less fertilizer is needed, and less watering as it holds more moisture. Lime should not be added on a regular basis, unless indicated by a soil test. Overliming can raise the P.H. of the soil (sweeten it) too high, which in turn can cause some of the elements to be rendered unavailable to the plants. A soil test should be taken if there is any question of just what should be added, or on areas where problems have occurred over the past yearorso. Soil Samples In taking soil samples for testing, use a clean trowel, and, with a plastic container, proceed to the trouble area. Samples of soil should be taken from several Spots if the area is fairly large, and should have a portion of soil removed to at least 6 inches in depth. The samples should be thoroughly mixed with the trowel and not your hand, then about one pint should be placed in a plastic bag. This is placed ina small box, along with a check for $2.50, made out to the University of Missouri Extension Division, and mailed to the Extension Division, 555 South Brentwood, Clayton, Mo. 63105. Allow 4 to 6 weeks for this service. Robert Dingwall Chief Horticulturist er LL iam vs \\ ' e \ he — P citi 05% nti DR. CROSBY ON EXPEDITION IN SOUTHERN CHILE Marshall Crosby, Chairman of the Garden's Botany Department, is in Southern Chile collecting mosses with Dr. John J. Engel of the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago. The joint expedition, being conducted during January-February, 1976, is funded by a grant from the National Geographic Society and concentrates its collecting activities in the “Valdivian” region which extends from about 38° south to 48° south. The mosses and liverworts of this area of Chile have not been extensively collected, and additional investiga- tion should uncover many interesting species. Dr. Crosby will concentrate his efforts on collecting mosses, while Dr. Engel will concentrate on liverworts. AFRICAN VIOLET SOCIETY SHOW TO BE PRESENTED FEBRUARY 28-29 “Violets Salute the Bicentennial” will be the theme of a two-day flower show sponsored by the Metropolitan St. Louis African Violet Society. Varieties of African violets, gesneriads, terrariums, and artistic plantings will be displayed in the Garden's MEDITERRANEAN oe OPENING yg 1 Ao Proceeds From Sale of J.A.C.L. Cookboo Will Benefit Japanese Garden The Japanese American Citizens League cookbook, titled Nisei Kitchen, has been reprinted a second time because of its popularity and is now available at the Garden Gate Shop. The League’s Board of Directors has announced that the major portion of proceeds from the sale will be donated to the Japanese Garden as part of the League’s endeavor to preserve Japanese heritage and culture for future generations. Priced at $4.50, Nisei Kitchen is a compilation of Japanese and Chinese recipes along with an ex- planatory text of Oriental food customs and menus. Floral Display House, Saturday, February 28, 2-5 p.m., and Sunday, February 29, 9 a.m. — 5 p.m. Society members will be present during the show to answer questions and leaf cuttings from many of the ribbon- winning plants will be available for sale. The Plant Shop, located in the Floral Display House, will also be featuring violets and related gesneriads for purchase. Garden’s Orchid Collection Among Topics At Plant Conservation Conference, Royal Botanic Garden, Kew, England The role of Botanic Gardens in providing appropriate environments for endangered plant species was among the topics covered at a NATO-sponsored Plant Conservation Conference held at the Royal Botanic Garden, Kew, England, in September, 1975. The Missouri Botanical Garden orchid collection was a part of a paper delivered at the Conference. Since it is becoming more and more difficult to conserve vegetation in its natural habitat, an increasing burden and challenge falls to Botanic Gardens to preserve and cultivate rare and endangered plant species. Paper Presented By Dr. Raven Papers presented during the week-long Conference which was attended by 150 botanists, horticulturists, and Botanic Garden administrators, related to this general theme such as: The Global Problem of Conservation; Botanic Gardens and Public Education; and Techniques of Plant Cultivation (including a paper by Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden Director, who par- ticipated in the Conference). An area critical to the task of conservation is that of documentation or indexing of plant collections. Unless individual plants are systematically recorded, it is impossible for Botanic Gardens to evaluate their collections for the purposes of cultivation, exchange, and conservation of rare and endangered species. Dr. Matthias Hofmann, a delegate from Konstangz, Germany, presented a research paper which illustrated one such computerized indexing system for a special group — the Orchidaceae (Orchid family). Data for some 17,000 orchid specimens was collected from 55 institutions, the Missouri Botanical Garden among them. Index of Cultivated Plants In order to maximize the potentialities of Botanic Gardens in conservation, says Dr. Hofmann, “it is necessary to know which species are already in cultivation and how frequently a particular species is cultivated in order to rationally assess which species should be provided with costly culture-places. With this information, one can prepare an index of cultivated plants that can be compared with a list of threatened plants in order to determine which species ought to be brought into living plant collections.” Dr. Hofmann’s computerized index system allows the computer to answer such questions as: the names of species cultivated in a particular collection; and which collection contains species not cultivated elsewhere. Cattleya bowringiana f. alba, one of 105 rare species of orchid cultivated at the Missouri Botanical Garden. Included in the Hofmann study were 700 known species cultivated at Missouri Botanical Garden, of which 105 are found at no other institution in the study. One such species is Cattleya bowringiana f. alba (see photo). The “alba,” or white form of this orchid is extremely rare, being a pure Opaque white with a delicately colored yellow and lavender throat. This plant was found in 1971, in Belize, Central America, by Dr. Aspinwall. Being a zoologist, he did not distinguish it from several other “common” orchids which he donated to the Garden. Only after it came into flower, was it discovered to be such a special addition. Just as we have been able to document our collection of orchids included inthe Hofmann study, in recent years dramatic progress has been made in recording our other collections so that we may participate more fully in such critical conservation efforts. We have, for example, been able to index the 1250 different taxa in the Climatron, the materials in all other completed glass houses, several hardy plant nurseries (containing materials newly-introduced from Japan) and are now completing the recording of the grounds collection. As Dr. Hofmann points out, with this kind of knowledge it will be possible to economically plan conservation oriented collections in Botanic Gardens throughout the world and thereby have substantial reason to hope for an increased ability to preserve and maintain plants of scientific and aesthetic value. Judith Huhn, Plant Recorder DR. HENRY ANDREWS RETIRES Dr. Henry Nathaniel Andrews, former Paleobotanist at the Garden and Dean of the Henry Shaw School of Botany at Washington University, recently retired from academic life at the University of Connecticut, where, for the past 10 years he headed the University’s Department of Botany. Dr. Andrews came to St. Louis in 1935 after receiving his B.Sc. degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 1939, he received his doctorate from Washington University. While in St. Louis, both Dr. Andrews, and his wife, Elizabeth (‘Libby’), were active supporters of the Garden. Visiting scientists and Washington University students were always welcome at their Webster Groves home where the Andrews encouraged a relaxed interchange of ideas. Dr. Andrews’ reports on his various field trips and fossil hunting expeditions were among the Garden's most popular lecture series, usually delivered to enthusiastic, standing room only audiences. Mr./Mrs. James Coe Mr./Mrs. Marcus T. Cohn Mr./Mrs. Charles F. Cook Mr./Mrs. Jim Cook Mr./Mrs. Robert W. Copeland Mr./Mrs. M. Coric Mr. Robert C. Corley, Jr. Mr./Mrs. John E. Curby, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Eugene Cushing Mr./Mrs. Robert V. Dawson Mr./Mrs. George E. Deachan NEW SUSTAINING MEMBERSHIPS DECEMBER 1975 Ms. Bonnie Rothe Mr./Mrs. Robert Sunnen a ‘Early photograph of Dr. Henry Andrews. Recently elected to the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, Dr. Andrews is greatly respected throughout the country as a preeminent paleobotanist. The Andrews now reside in Laconia, N.H. Hugh Cutler, Curator of Useful Plants Mr./Mrs. Mr./Mrs. Mr./Mrs. Mr./Mrs. Mr./Mrs. Mr./Mrs. Mr./Mrs. Mr./Mrs. Mr./Mrs. Mrs. Da Mr./Mrs Carl Langenohl Carl P. Lay, Jr. John C. Lee Eugene A. Leonard Harry J. Leschen, Jr. Donald Linke Donald Litzau Charles E. H. Luedde Harrison F. Lyman, Jr. vid D. Lynch . Douglas Marshall NEW CONTRIBUTING MEMBERSHIPS DECEMBER 1975 Mr./Mrs. M. Joseph Dee Mr./Mrs. L. E. Dinsmore Mr./Mrs. Paul T. Dowling Mr./Mrs. John Drescher, Jr. Dr./Mrs. Royal J. Eaton Mr./Mrs. Ray T. Eddins Mr./Mrs. Robert L. Maune Mr./Mrs. LeRoy McCarter Mr./Mrs. Allen McCollum Mrs. Nancy K. McCue Rev./Mrs. D. M. Megahan Mr./Mrs. Stanley D. Miller Mr./Mrs. Hal A. Kroeger, Jr. Mr./Mrs. William B. England Dr./Mrs. Richard J. Parmley The Falk Family Dr./Mrs. Murray E. Finn Mr./Mrs. John Fischer Mr./Mrs. Richard E. Fister NEW FAMILY Mr./Mrs. James G. Forbes MEMBERSHIPS Mr./Mrs. Nicholas V. Franchot, III Ms. Alta S. Friese Mr. Gerald K. Gaus Mr./Mrs. Kenneth L. Gentsch Mr./Mrs. Stanley Gifford Mr./Mrs. Walter Glooschenko Mr./Mrs. Burton Greenberg Mr. W. M. Hall Mr. Gene P. Haltenhof Mr./Mrs. Everett R. Hamilton Mr./Mrs. Samuel F. Harrison Mr./Mrs. Crawford T. Hawkins Mr./Mrs. John M. Hayes Mr./Mrs. Andrew A. Henske Mr./Mrs. Richard D. Highcock Mr./Mrs. D. James Hoeferlin Mr./Mrs. James B. Hutchings Mr./Mrs. Keith Jermane Dr./Mrs. Harold Joseph Mr./Mrs. Mel Kaiser Ms. Joan E. Kaseberg DECEMBER 1975 Mr./Mrs. Daniel Achord Mr./Mrs. C. Howard Adams Mr./Mrs. Edmund T. Allen Mr./Mrs. Fred Allen, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Royce Anderson Mr./Mrs. J. C. Armstrong, II! Mr./Mrs. John W. Augustin Mr./Mrs. Blair G. Balk Dr./Mrs. Jack Barrow Dr. Anthony Berni Mr./Mrs. Hugh A. Bevirt Mr./Mrs. Robert L. Blanke, Jr. Mr./Mrs. George S. Blackmore Mr./Mrs. Giles A. Blair Mr./Mrs. Ellis Boeringer Mr./Mrs. Edward A. Boeschenstein Mr./Mrs. R. L. Bollinger, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Adrain J. Bray Mr./Mrs. Lawrence Brody Mr./Mrs. Fred W. Brunson Mr./Mrs. Villa Carter Mr./Mrs. Phil S. Chew Mr./Mrs. J. E. Childress Mr./Mrs. Wally Clark Mr./Mrs. Richard H. Coco Mr./Mrs. Neal C. Kelso Mr./Mrs. James W. Kienker Mr./Mrs. Fred Kleisly Mr./Mrs. Warren C. Knaup Mr./Ms. Doris Reed Krueger Mr./Mrs. G. W. LaBeaume Mr./Mrs. Anthony G. Kassos, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Rembert W. LaBeaume, Jr. Mr./Mrs Mr./Mrs Mr. Mic Dr./Mrs Mr./Mrs Mr./Mrs Mr./Mrs Mr./Mrs Mr./Mrs Mr. Ken Mr./Mrs Mr./Mrs Mr./Mrs Mr./Mrs Mr./Mrs Mr./Mrs Mrs. Lill Mr./Mrs Mr./Mrs Mr./Mrs Mr./Mrs Mr./Mrs Mrs. M. . Donald K. Morgan . John R. Moulton hael Mount . Leonard Newmark . Paul Newsham . John G. Nolle . Ronald O'Reilly . Lonnie Overton . Richard C. Palm neth J. Peterson . Leonard D. Peterson . J. Richard Pinter . Michael J. Puricelli . Homer M. Rapp . Richard A. Rapp . Canice T. Rice y M. Richards . Francis H. Roberts . J. Hugh Roger . Albert J. Romeril, Jr. . Joseph Rulo . Julio Santiago Schmelig Mrs. Florence Schmidt Mr./Mrs Mr./Mrs. Mr./Mrs. Mr./Mrs. Mr./Mrs. Mr./Mrs. Dr./Mrs. Mr./Mrs. Mr./Mrs. Mr./Mrs . E. Ray Schulte Walter J. Schuster William J. Schwab J. M. Searles Gilbert F. Siering Gerald Sigerist Nathan M. Simon John H. Snyder Roger A. Splean _ A.W. Steinman Dr./Mrs. James Stokes Mr./Mrs. Richard Strelinger Mr./Mrs. Ralph H. Striker Dr./Mrs. David L. Stronsky Mr./Mrs. Thomas A. Taylor Mr./Mrs. Arthur Thien Mr./Mrs. Howard S. Thurmon Mr./Mrs. Charles J. Tintera Mr./Mrs. Tim Tomlinson Dr./Mrs. George Tucker Mr./Mrs. Milton H. Tucker Mr./Mrs. William S. Wagener Dr./Mrs. John Waite Mr./Mrs. Floyd C. Wallace Mr./Mrs. Jackson D. Waterburg, II Mr./Mrs. C. A. Watson, II Miss Monica Weinharat Ms. Kathy Whittenberger and Husband Mr./Mrs. Robert R. Wilcox Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Wunsch Mr./Mrs. Joseph Yanko Dr./Mrs. Richard W. Yore Mr. Mark Zigrang NEW INDIVIDUAL MEMBERSHIPS DECEMBER 1975 Mr. Jon Allison Mrs. Francis C. AuBuchon Mr. Huntley Barad Mrs. James M. Beggs Mrs. Howard Behan Mrs. Patrick Behan Mr. A. Robert Belscher Miss Libby Black Mrs. Mona Jane Boeringer Miss Thelma Bohle Miss Marilyn K. Bonifus Mrs. James R. Boyd Miss Henrietta Brocksmith Mrs. J. David Cassilly Mrs. Lawrence K. Condie Mrs. Parker B. Condie Mrs. Darlene Cornwell Mr. Donald K. Croxton Mrs. Dorothy Davis Mr. Wm. H. Deal Mrs. Martha Eise Mr. Larry Essmann Mrs. Glenn Felch Mr. Keith Fitzgerald Mrs. Frances Flavin Mrs. JoAnn Ford Mrs. Anne E. Forry Mrs. Verna T. Gaertner Ms. Sharon Garrett Miss Gloria Griffero Miss Norma Griffero Mrs. Grace L. Hardie Ms. Ching Helke Mrs. Carl Hoffsten Mrs. Herbert B. Hoyt Ms. Kathy Janis Mr. Mike Kercher Mrs. Audrey Marsh King Mrs. Janet V. Kinnery Mrs. Joseph Knapko Mrs. George B. Knowles, Jr. Miss Lorraine Koch Mrs. Richard W. Kruse Mrs. Gail Lambright Dr. Virginia Larsen Miss Kathleen Lasater Mr. Jeff LeGrand Mrs. Dorothy A. Listemann Mrs. William J. Lucas Ms. Nancy Lynch Mrs. Charlotte Mahnken Mrs. Walt Marsh Mrs. Roy McCormack Miss Berenice M. McDonald Mrs. Joseph K. McKinney Ms. Joan C. Miller Miss Chery! Moellenhoff Miss Maryann Moore Mrs. Robert Muether Mrs. T. O. Mulvihill Mrs. John Naslund Mr. Christopher C. Newsham Ms. Norma Nissenbaum Mrs. Karen K. Owen Miss Helen F. Parker Miss Patricia Pickett Mrs. Teresa Pingel Miss Marian Prendergast Mrs. Florence Queen Mrs. Martin Quigley Mrs. Vi Ramspott Rev. David E. Rauch Miss Janice Red Mrs. Jean Reed Miss Judith C. Richter Miss Dorothy A. Romberg Mrs. Robert R. Russell Mrs. Ruby Schroeder Mrs. Ted Schwartz Mrs. Richard Sisson Ms. Annie Laurie Smith Miss Melinda F. Stanley Mrs. Marliese Storck Miss Harriet M. Stout Miss Gail S. Thoenes Mr. Steven Thurn Miss June M. Tierney Miss Sally Van Brunt Ms. Clara J. Voss Miss Julia M. Watson Mrs. Inez Wendt Mrs. Minnie Wendt Dr. Russell C. Wheeler INCREASE IN MEMBERSHIP CONTRIBUTIONS DECEMBER 1975 SPONSORING Mr./Mrs. David R. Smith SUSTAINING Mrs. Charlotte Ballmann Mr./Mrs. John Brodhead, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Duncan Dorris Mr./Mrs. Norman H. Klayman Mr. Harry W. Kroeger CONTRIBUTING Ms. Lyn Eggert Miss Barbara C. Eiftman Mr./Mrs. P. N. Hirsch Mr. James L. Sloss, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Cornelius F. Stueck FAMILY Mrs. Kenneth A. Baker Mr./Mrs. Andrew R. Coultas Mr./Mrs. Harry A. Grossmann Mr. John W. Neal Mr./Mrs. James F. Pieper Mr./Mrs. Peter A. Postol Mr./Mrs. Albert N. Riley Drs. Ray and Dolores Wolff In Honor of Mrs. Joseph Kendes Birthday Mrs. Meyer Levy In Honor of Ellis Littmann Birthday Elsie S. Glick In Honor of Mrs. R. E. Soden Mr./Mrs. Wm. A. Kuhn In Memory of W. R. (Bill) Bendy Sylva Bendy In Memory of Mrs. Blanche M. Cornelius Mr. Julius N. Frankel Betty Jane Scott Miss Anne Whippo In Memory of Cousin Jules and Margie Berg In Memory of Gretchen K. Eloer Julia E. Hershey In Memory of Mr. Robert McClung Johnson Violet Taylor In Memory of Mr. James Lear Mrs. Jackson J. Shinkle In Memory of Dr. Joseph Lembeck Flora Place Garden Club Mrs. Irl G. Tremain DECEMBER TRIBUTES In Memory of Mr. Dan Lewis Alma Reitz In Memory of Mrs. William Magoon Clayton Garden Club #1 In Memory of Mrs. Lucy Smith Mason Mrs. John D. McCutcheon In Memory of Mrs. Walter R. Mayne Mr./Mrs. Joseph W. White In Memory of Mr. Henry D. Miller Mrs. E. S. Mallinckrodt In Memory of Ray Mueller Paddock Hills Garden Club In Memory of Leo H. Nold Mr./Mrs. A. Sherwood Lee In Memory of Mr. Russell H. Riley Mr./Mrs. William Anderson Mr./Mrs. Claire Avis Mr./Mrs. Scott Cantine Mr. Charles P. Clayton Mr./Mrs. John |. Cofer, HI Mr. John M. Crane Mr./Mrs. Eldridge Lovelace Mr./Mrs. Robert C. Simonds Harland Bartholomew and Associates In Memory of Mr. Adolph H. Rosenberg Mr./Mrs. Meyer Levy In Memory of Mr. Norman E. Schaumburg Mrs. Norman Schaumburg In Memory of Estella (Stella) Schmidt Mr./Mrs. Edward Heickelbech In Memory of Mr. Geo. F. Schwenk (Grandfather) Penelope S. Billman In Memory of Mr. Sydney Shoenberg, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Joseph H. Bascom Mr./Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr. In Memory of C. Jackson Spalding Dogwood Garden Club In Memory of Sgt. Joseph B. Thomas, Jr. Dr. Peter H. Raven Mr. Tom K. Smith, Jr. In Memory of Mr. Thomas M. Webster Mr./Mrs. Harry Wuertenbaecher, Jr. In Memory of Mr. Kelton E. White Mr. Sam’! C. Davis In Memory of Mr. Jonn G. Woods Mrs. E. S. Mallinckrodt MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 2345 Tower Grove Avenue Saint Louis, Missouri 63110 SECOND-CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT ST. LOUIS, MO. Missourl Botanical Garden Bulletin Spring Flower Show Opens March 20 Annuals, perennials, trees and shrubs of every description will be on view during the annual Spring Flower Show beginning March 20 and running through April 18 in the Floral Display House. The Members preview party, “Spring Promenade,” featuring an overview of Spring fashions and spon- sored by Stix Baer and Fuller Co., will be held Friday, March 19, from 5:30 to 7:30 p.m. During the event Members and their guests may browse for gifts in the Garden Gate Shop and the Plant Shop, where primrose and other spring flowers will be available for purchase. Among the featured attractions at the show this year will be arose garden containing 40 different varieties of tree roses and hybrid tea roses, ranging in color from white to deep maroon. In addition, Jim Rhodes, greenhouse superinten- dent, reports that large displays of hyacinths, tulips and daffodils will be intermixed with flowering Kwan- zan, Quince, Almond and Dogwood. Prairie Tour Scheduled By Arboretum A two day “Spring Prairie Tour’ will be conducted May 8 and 9 in the vicinity of El Dorado Springs, Mo., where several excellent prairie ranges are located. The tour, presented by the Garden’s Arboretum, is the first of an anticipated series of short natural history expeditions to interesting locales within Missouri. Scheduled stops on the tour include asunrise visit to the Taberville Prairie “booming” grounds to view the spectacular mating display of the prairie chickens. Tour participants will leave St. Louis by bus on Saturday morning and return by 9:00 p.m. Sunday evening. Cost for Members is $32 and includes transportation, lodging, and three meals. Payment in advance is necessary to hold reservations. For further information, contact Dave Goudy, Arboretum Superintendent, 772-7600, Sta. 81. r = me The magnificent Suwa lantern lends stately presence to the tranquil setting within the Japanese Garden. The stone lantern Is the gift of St. Louls’s sister city of Suwa, Japan. In September, 1974, a delegation from Suwa, which Included the city’s Mayor, Setsuji Iwamoto, participated In ground breaking ceremonies at the Japanese Garden. Spring Lecture Series A seven part series of Spring lectures will be presented during March and April for Garden Members and their guests. The lectures will be given in the John S. Lehmann Building auditorium at 10:30 a.m. and 8 p.m. (or as specially indicated). The presentations will be by Garden staff members and two special guest lecturers. Mrs. Frances Perry, member of the Council of the Royal Horticultural Society, will speak on April 1 and 2. Her lecture is presented through the efforts of the Garden Club of St. Louis and the Ladue Garden Club. Dr. John L. Creech, Director of the United States National Arboretum, will deliver two separate lectures on April 14. Continued on next page Volume LXIV) Number 3 March 1976 Crane Island Dedicated Crane Island, the second largest of three islands within the Japanese Garden, was recently dedicated during afternoon ceremonies attended by 100 guests including members and officers of the National Council of State Garden Clubs, and the East Central District, Federated Garden Clubs of Missouri. The crane-shaped island was the gift of the East Central District, an organization composed of 160 garden clubs throughout the St. Louis area. Private donations by member clubs enabled the East Central District to contribute $3500 for the development of the island. During the ceremonies, held at the National Coun- cil’s headquarters, 4401 Magnolia Ave., St. Louis, a plaque commemorating the Island’s dedication was presented by Mrs. John A. Secrist, president of the East Central District, to Dr. Peter H. Raven. In accepting the Island on behalf of the Trustees, staff and membership, Dr. Raven noted the “close and long lasting relationship that is at once natural and Dr. Raven accepting commemorative plaque from Mrs. John A. Secrist during dedication. mutually beneficial” between the Garden and the East Central District. Dr. Raven said the crane, within Oriental lore, is symbolic of happiness and good fortune. “Like the mythical phoenix of legend,” he added, “the rising of this island within the Missouri Botanical Garden reflects the resurgence within the community and heightens out anticipation of the Japanese Garden's dedication this Autumn as a Bicentennial event.” Designer Koichi Kawana’s sketch of Crane Island. LECTURES: FROM PAGE ONE Following is the complete schedule: Wednesday, March 24 — 8:00 p.m. “South African Flora”’ (accompanied by film, “‘On The Third Day’’) Dr. Peter Goldblatt, B. A. Krukoff Curator of African Botany Missouri Botanical Garden Thursday, April 1 — 8:00 p.m. and Friday, April 2 — 10:30 a.m. “The Two Way Switch: The English Influence on American Gardens and the American Influence on English Gardens” Frances Perry, Member, Council of the Royal Horticultural Society, England Wednesday, April 7 — 8:00 p.m. “Gardens of Imperial Russia’ Tamra Engelhorn Raven Mugho and anal anes atop the Island measuring 120’ x 75’. Wednesday, April 14 — 10:30 a.m. “Exploring For Plants” Dr. John L. Creech, Director, United States National Arboretum Washington, D.C. Wednesday, April 14 — 8:00 p.m. “Botanical Gardens and Botany in China”’ Dr. John L. Creech Wednesday, April 21 — 8:00 p.m. “The Mountain Gorilla: Nutrition and Habitat”’ Dr. William D’Arcy, Research Botanist, Missouri Botanical Garden Wednesday, April 28 — 8:00 p.m. “Our Vanishing Flora’ Dr. Peter H. Raven, Director, Missouri Botanical Garden Trustees Approve New Garden Fees, Expanded Membership At $25 The Board of Trustees, at its January 21st meeting, approved increases in the Garden’s gate admission fees, effective March 1. In announcing the increase, Dr. William M. Klein, Assistant Director, noted that the development of such new features as the 12-acre Japanese Garden and Mediterranean House, in addition to continuous introduction of new plant specimens and restoration of historical artifacts, have generated higher maintenance and production costs. The new gate admission prices are: adults $1.50; and children 50¢. The new fees represent the first increases in admission since April, 1972. Membership Changes Changes in the annual memberships to the Garden, designed to reflect the increased benefits and services to Garden Members, have also been approved. The $25 membership category has been expanded and will include admission privileges for two individual adults and accompanying children under age 21. The Board of Trustees also has announced the creation of two new annual support levels: Directors Associates, $500; and Henry Shaw Associates, $1,000. MEMBERS E M O Mark your calendars now! On August 26, a special Bicentennial tour for Garden Members will travel the “Colonial America” trail. Again, as last year, the arrangements will be operated by Tauck Tours. For those Members familiar with Tauck no explanation of the quality of their operation is needed — for those of you unaware of Tauck, it is, in simple terms, the finest tour operation in the United States. The itinerary includes: New York; Philadelphia (including a stop at fabulous “Longwood Gardens”); Annapolis; Jamestown: Williamsburg; and Washington D.C. The group will return to St. Louis on September 2. Due to the immense popularity of last year’s Tauck Tour to New England and Eastern Canada, we urge you to obtain full information (telephone 314-567-9811 and ask for the Travel Service) regarding reservation procedures, deposits, etc. just as soon as possible. This trip will be outstanding in every way. Don’t miss an opportunity to see the historic landmarks of our country at such an appropriate time. Sally Schiller Executive Secretary Members of the Garden Line drawing of historic Linnaean House /s reproduced on note cards which are on sale at the Garden Gate Shop. Garden Gate Shop Spring Line The new Spring line of gifts at the Garden Gate Shop has arrived and includes such unique items as bonsai gardening tools, from $8 to $18, indoor coldframes, priced at $10, and paperweights of dried flowers or miniature bouquets in acrylic blocks, priced from $8 to $125. The Shop is also abloom with an expanded selection of garden scene watercolors, framed wildflower prints, and single flower sketches which are available in many colors and styles, ranging in price from $8 to $40. New varieties of stationery and note cards are in good supply, including every day notes by St. Louis artist James Riddle, which depict the Garden's Linnaean (Camellia) House. Riddle has been acclaim- ed for his line drawings of historic St. Louis homes and landmarks. The Linnaean notes are printed in green and priced at $3 for a packet of 10. Members receive a 10 percent discount on all purchases. Sets of glasses and dessert plates, cache-pots, wrapping paper and ribbons are decorated with a variety of floral and garden patterns. Dyed and natural colored straw baskets, from $35 up, are now on sale ata 50 percent discount. The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN is publish- ed 11 issues per year monthly except August, by the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. M. P. CRONIN, Editor SUBSCRIPTION RATES: $5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign. The December, 1975 issue of The Missouri Botanical Garden completed Volume LXIII. The issues of January and February, 1976, are Number 1 and Number 2 of Volume LXIV. This issue, March, 1976, is Number 3 of Volume LXIV. Gardening in St. Louis MARCH GARDENING Outdoor garden activities start back into full swing this month as the weather turns warm. It is important not to remove mulches too soon; invariably, as the month progresses, it will become extremely cold so mulches should be leftin place until all danger of heavy frost is past. Pruning of roses should not be done until the middle of next month. We all recall the severe late frost, two years ago, which killed many plants. Much of the damage could have been avoided if mulch had been left in place. Tree and Shrub Planting Planting of trees, shrubs and roses can begin as soon as the ground can be worked. The earlier bare root Stock goes in, the better. Cool vegetable crops should go in as early as the ground can be worked. Many of these were planted at the end of last month. Cool vegetable plants started indoors should be hardened off 7 to 8 days prior to planting outdoors permanently. Protect them from the sun the first day or two by shading them with newspaper or with shingles. Garden Clean Up Cleaning up the garden is important; the removal of all dead debris that accumulated late last year and the removal of weeds (especially chickweed which was growing actively earlier) should be complete before the seeds have a chance to reinfect the ground again. Vegetables and annuals which will not stand frost may be started from seed indoors 6 to 8 weeks before planting outside. Mid-March is a good time to start many of these. Be sure that your containers are clean and that you use a special prepared mix that is weed and disease free. Seedlings should be kept ina uniform temperature of 70 to 75 degrees and given as much light as possible as soon as they start to germinate. If growing under artificial light, see that the plants are kept as close to the light as possible to prevent stretching. Most vegetables and annuals which are started indoors are ready for transplanting from the seed pan approximately two weeks after sowing. Dormant oil sprays should be applied immediately if not already used by this time. These sprays should go on before the buds have a chance to swell. No other material is needed other than the dormant oil itself. Itis important to spray the plants thoroughly to the point of runoff. This is not harmful to your soil, your animals, or to human beings but is instrumental in eliminating many of the early spring insects that have been over- wintering on your trees and shrubs in either egg or larvae stage. Geranium Care Geraniums that were lifted from the garden last fall and over wintered in the basement or cool sunroom now need good attention if they are to flower well this coming season. Plants should be cut back heavily, replanted into larger containers if needed and watered increasingly as the plants begin to grow. Once the plants are growing actively, it is important to feed ona regular basis with a good liquid fertilizer; follow the directions carefully on the label and apply every 10 to 12 days. Old plants, if growing actively, can have cuttings taken from them. Cuttings of geraniums should be allowed to sit on the table for 24 hours before putting into the rooting medium. They will root more successfully this way. Once the plants are rooted 12 to 14 days, pot up ina light growing mediums, and place where they get plenty of light. You should have good flowering plants in 4 inch pots by mid-May. Containers for outdoor plants should be prepared now before you are too busy. Many of the containers will need repainting and cleaning after last year’s use. Lawn Work This is the ideal time for lawn work. Refer back to earlier Bulletins from previous years to see that lawn areas are cleaned up, redug, plenty of organic matter worked in and sown with good seed. Most grasses do best in cool weather so the earlier your seeds are planted, the earlier your lawn will become established. Keep the soil moderately moist until the seed is well germinated as this is essential. Use lime sparingly and only if soil tests indicate that it is needed. Over liming can be harmful to your grass. Applying once every three to four years is usually sufficient for best results. Under trees, and semi-shaded areas where it has been difficult to grow grass, you might consider eliminating the grass and coming in with ground covers which are much easier to maintain and require considerably less work. In selecting vegetable seed for the first time, make Sure that the varieties selected are of hybrid vigor indicated by an F; following the variety and also that they are as disease resistant as possible; this is particularly important with tomatoes here in the St. Louis area. Avoid pruning spring flowering shrubs until after flowering. Buds are already formed and if pruned early, you will not have the bloom this spring. Late summer flowering shrubs should be pruned before new growth commences as the buds are formed on the current season's growth. Robert Dingwall Chief Horticulturist Near Extinct Plant in Climatron Lebronnecia, one of the Garden’s many botanic rarities, is now well established in the Climatron, having already attained a height of some 15 inches. Seeds of the near-extinct Lebronnecia were first brought to the Garden in 1974 from Tahiti. Here, they were easily germinated although on many occasions showed signs of mortality. The plant was discovered some 45 years ago by an amateur naturalist named Le Bronnec on the rocky shore of lva-lva, one of the Marquesas Islands in the South Pacific Ocean. Ten years ago, the site was revisited and alarmingly, only one fragile tree plus some seedlings remained. In an effort to save the species, seeds were transported to Tahiti where, with care, they yielded a single tree which bore fruit. LEBRONNECIA Is now well established In the Northern section of the Climatron. Scientists first assumed Lebronnecia to bea member of the Malvaceae family which includes cotton, okra, and hibiscus. Le Bronnec, himself, had called the plant by its native name meaning “white hibiscus.” However, closer examination showed the plant to be unlike any other known malvaceous plant. Its leaves resemble those of some widespread mallow trees found on tropical seacoasts while its anthers have more pollen sacs than most members of the Malvaceae, which may mean that this plant is one of the ancient ancestors from which modern cotton, hollyhock and other malvaceous plants arose. The two American botanists who first described the plant, named it after its discoverer, Le Bronnec. Although considerable effort has gone into describing the plant’s salient features, there is much more work to be done before the history and relationships of this Sten Feat A Benet Rema EXTERIOR, (LANDSCAPING f gopcats fnewas b V Le j bd Gone ¥) Garden’s Chief Horticulturist Accepts Interior Landscape Award Robert J. Dingwall, Chief Horticulturist, recently received an honorable mention award from the Men's Garden Clubs of America in their Annual Beautifica- tion Contest, for the Missouri Botanical Garden's interior planting of the Equitable Building in St. Louis. Entries to the Clubs’ Interior Landscaping category were judged by a national panel composed of landscape architects, architects, and interior designers. The Garden’s project, which Mr. Dingwall directed, was entered into competition by the Webster Groves Men's Garden Club. Mr. Dingwall has been a member of the Garden's staff since 1969. He writes the “Gardening in St. Louis” section of the Bulletin, acolumn for the St. Lou/s Globe Democrat, and frequently interprets the Garden's horticultural services on metropolitan area radio and television stations. Mr. Dingwall has been a consultant to workshops at the Garden and other national botanical institutions, and he teaches courses here and at Washington University. He has authored booklets on pesticides and articles on various horticultural subjects in national publications. rarity are understood. Because Lebronnecia is nearing extinction on the remote island where it occurs, the possibility of seeing and studying the living material in St. Louis is of considerable interest to the scientific community. Its showy, inch-long, whitish flowers should also be a welcome attraction in the Climatron for years to come. William G. D'Arcy Research Botanist Art Restoration at the Garden: An Ongoing Commitment Visitors to the Lehmann Building may have noticed that the portrait of Dr. George Engelmann, Henry Shaw's scientific advisor, is missing. Until recently, the portrait had been on display near the Director's Office. This painting is the first of several in the Garden’s possession to be cleaned and restored by the firm of Kennedy and Stow as part of the Garden’s continued commitment to the preservation of the countless important materials in its collections. Extreme care must be taken during the entire After visual examination of the painting, Ellen Kennedy tests the paint and varnish layers with solvents to determine the best method of The portrait is an oil painting on canvas, glued Cleaning. to a piece of cardboard with a high acid content. This photograph, taken under raking light, reveals cracks in the paint layer caused by improper adhesion of the canvas to the cardboard backing, and by a century of fluctuating temperature and humidity levels. process of art conservation. Frequently several months of intensive effort are required before a painting is Suitably restored. A later issue of the Bulletin will show the final results of the work presently in progress onthe Engelmann portrait. Anyone wishing to donate toward this vital project is invited to contact either the Director, Dr. Peter H. Raven, or Head Librarian, James R. Reed. Contributions to this project are tax deductible. Following is a photographic essay of this important work. > es, S* Georve Cnagel mannd bus Under ultraviolet light, the area which has been cleaned appears as an L-shape in upper left hand corner of the portrait. The dark blemishes on the face of the painting and elsewhere are indications of previous repair. In order to protect the painted surface while The Japanese tissue is applied to the face of The lower two-thirds of the painting has now removing the cardboard backing, Cynthia _ the painting. Stow prepares Japanese tissue which will be adhered to the face of the painting. been protected by a layer of Japanese tissue. Once this layeris complete, the picture will be ready to be turned over so that the cardboard backing can be removed. Gardening advice and answers are given by the experts. From left, front row is: Cliff Rhodes, Peter Wilder, Silas Dietz, Charlie Walter, Ed Gildehaus, and John Brown. Second row, from left is: Dan O’Gorman, J. C. Horner, Paul Kohl, Son Fesler, and Fred Galen. Members of the Horticultural Answering Service not pictured include: Herbert Mussler, Payson Derby, Oliver Wagner, and Eugene Kessler. EXPANDED HORTICULTURAL ANSWERING SERVICE Volunteer work for the Garden is an extremely diverse and entertaining activity. A good example of such volunteer activity is the Horticultural Answering Service which provides horticultural information to thousands of callers each month. Obviously, such a job requires experienced gar- deners, well versed in horticultural matters, who enjoy sharing their knowledge with others. The job is currently being done by a dedicated group of six men. Paul Kohl, a long time horticulturist on the Garden staff, heads the group and is assisted by volunteers Fred Galen, Son Fesler, Cliff Rnodes, J. C. Horner, and Dan O’Gorman. With the increased interest in gardening and plant culture, the Garden has found it necessary to increase the number of volunteers available to answer questions. During the past three months, ten men attended weekly training sessions. These were organized by John Brown, who is both a volunteer and staff member. Through his apt guidance, these men are now well prepared and eagerly awaiting calls. The Horticultural Answering Service is at the heart of the Garden’s basic aim: to spread greater knowledge and interest in growing things throughout our area. Carol Taxman Chairman of Volunteers Member of The Arts and Education Fund of Greater St.Louis TWO ART EXHIBITS IN LEHMANN BUILDING An exhibit of drawings and paintings of the plants and scenes at the Missouri Botanical Garden is on display inthe John S. Lehmann Building lobby through March 12. The exhibit consists of works by students enrolled in the Honors Arts Program of St. Louis Public School District. An exhibit of wildflower photographs by Warren Lammert will be on display in the Lehmann Building lobby, from March 22 to April 16. Mr. Lammert has had previous exhibits in the St. Louis area anda selection of his photographs comprise a part of the Garden's permanent art collection. Display hours for both exhibits are 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., Monday through Friday. Garden Briefs A Spring Herb Sale will be held during the last week of April in the Garden's Plant Shop. Growing and potted herb plants, suitable for outdoor herb gardens as well as many culinary uses, will be available for purchase during the sale. Further details will appear in the April Bulletin. The first of four 1976 Members events scheduled at the Arboretum will be a preview of the new Wilderness Wagon tour and walks in the Pinetum area with John Elsley, Curator of Hardy Plants, on Saturday, April 10. The Pinetum, a collection of conifers from around the world, is landscaped muchas an English Garden and is expected to be in full daffodil bloom. Robert Dingwall will moderate a KSD radio program on the Missouri Botanical Garden and gardening in St. Louis. The program, titled “Exploring St. Louis”, will be aired at 10:02 p.m., the first Sunday of each month. The St. Louis Herb Society has reissued its popular cookbook which is a compilation of over 300 favorite recipes of Herb Society members. Priced at $4, the cookbook is now on sale at the Garden Gate Shop. A companion publication, entitled “Lore and Legend of Great Culinary Herbs and Spices,” is also available at the Garden Gate Shop and is priced at $1.50. Profits from the sale of both books directly benefit the Garden. On his first visit to the Missouri Botanical Garden, Dr. Jacob Galil, Director of the Botanical Garden at the University of Tel Aviv, planted a young henna tree, native to Israel, in the Mediterranean House. The ceremony, symbolic of cooperation between the two botanical centers, occurred one year after Dr. Raven had planted a small pine in the Tel Aviv Garden. The Board of Trustees: 86 Years of Continuing Service When Henry Shaw's will was probated in 1889, the first order of business specified in it was the establish- ment of a governing body to oversee and continue Shaw's efforts to create an outstanding botanical garden. Since that time, the Garden’s Board of Trustees has conscientiously followed the dictates of Mr. Shaw’s will, and has devoted countless years of effort to the maintenance and improvement of the Garden in all its aspects. It is because of the dedication of the Trustees to the specifications of Shaw's will that the Garden has been able to develop such outstanding features as the Climatron, the John S. Lehmann Building, the Arboretum and Nature Reserve at Gray Summit, and the new Japanese Garden. The consistent high quality of the Garden’s indoor and outdoor plant displays, scientific research programs, and diverse educational activities can be attributed in large measure to the tireless dedication of the Board of Trustees. Over the years, the names on the list of Board members read as aroster of some of the most generous benefactors of the Garden — John S. Lehmann, whose name is memorialized both in the new rose garden and in the herbarium, library and education building; A. Wessel Shapleigh, whose family has donated the memorial fountain at the northeast end of the South Rose Garden. Dr. George J. Engelmann, whose father served as Henry Shaw's scientific advisor; and countless others. Nor would any discussion of the Board of Trustees be complete without mentioning the role of the various Presidents of the St. Louis School Board, the Chancellors of Washington University, the Mayors of the City of St. Louis, the Presidents of the Academy of Science of St. Louis, and the Bishops of the Episcopal Diocese of Missouri, all of whom serve, as specified in Henry Shaw's will, as ex-officio members of the Board. It is with a profound sense of gratitude that we take this opportunity to salute the dedicated individuals who have served, and are now serving in the role of policy-makers and overseers of one of the nation’s great scientific institutions. MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN Board of Trustees Elected Members Baer, Howard F. Barksdale, Clarence C. Bascom, Joseph H. Blumeyer, Arthur A. “Branch, Joseph W. Breck, Daniel Carter, L. Ray Catlin, Daniel K. *Collier, M. Dwight *“Cunningham, A.D. Davis, Samuel C. Davis, Samuel C. Drake, George S. Eliot, Edward C. Engelmann, Dr. George J. Faust, Leicester Busch French, Dudley Glaessner, Oscar E. Goodson, Richard A. Hefferman, George F. Hermann, Robert R. Hitchcock, George C. “Hitchcock, Henry Hitchcock, Henry Holland, Leonard J. *“Johnson, Dr. John B. *Kaime, David F. “Lackland, Rufus, J. Lehmann, John S. Lockwood, Richard J. *Madill, Judge George A. 1960- 1964- 1971- 1928-30 1889-1903 1927-1932 1928-1952 1926-1964 1889 1889-1917 1920-1940 1960- 1890-1895 1903-1928 1889-1895 1954-1973 Honorary, 1973- 1937-1960 1926 1965-1971 1932-1934 1966- 1903-1947 1889-1902 1947-1974 Honorary, 1974- 1965-1971 1889-1903 1889-1910 1889-1909 1941-1965 Honorary, 1965-1967 1941-1959 1889-1901 Maffitt, P. Chouteau Maffitt, Thomas S. Mallinckrodt, Edward Matthews, Leonard Meyer, A.C.F. Miller, Charles F. Moore, George T. Morey, Richard Norvell, Saunders Orthwein, William R. Otto, Robert W. Perkins, Albert T. Pettus, Eugene *Pettus, William H.H. Pflager, Henry B. Primm, A. Timon III Roe, Charles A. Scanlan, Philip C. Schlafly, Daniel L. Shapleigh, A. Wessel Shapleigh, Warren McKinney Shepley, John F. Shoenberg, Sydney M., Jr. Smith, Dr. David S.H. Smith, Robert Brookings Smith, Tom K., Jr. Switzer, R. W. “Treat, Judge Lammel Ulrici, Gerald Wagner, Stephen M. Whitaker, Edwards Whitehead, C. Powell Wuertenbaecher, Harry E., Jr. *“Yeatman, James E. Zeibig, Fred G. 1914-1919 1922-1940 1915-1928 1895-1923 1924-1928 1889-1891 1929-1954 1925-1927 1910-1915 1975- 1958-1963 1926-36 1932-1957 1889-1922 1955-1967 1964- 1918-1925 1911-1931 1972- 1936-1957 1958- 1901-1929 Weve 1902-1925 1952-1963 1963-64, 1967- 1917-1918 1889-1890 1935 1926-1927 1902-1926 1965-1975 Advisory, 1975- 1963- 1889-1901 1928-1936 *Members of original Board of Trustees, 1889 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN Board of Trustees List of Presidents Lackland, Rufus J. Kaime, David F. Whitaker, Edwards Eliot, Edward C. Hitchcock, George C. Lockwood, Richard J. Lehmann, John S. Smith, Robert Brookings Hitchcock, Henry Wuertenbaecher, Harry E., Jr. Whitehead, C. Powell Bascom, Joseph H. Smith, Tom K.., Jr. 1889-1909 1910 1910-1926 1926-1928 1928-1947 1947-1953 1953-1958 1958-1962 1962-1967 1967-1970 1970-73 1973-1975 1975- Heritage and History First Botanical Garden Was Established in Padua, Italy On May 29, 1545, the first botanical garden in Europe was established in Padua, Italy by an act of the Venetian Senate. It was part of the University of Padua. It was a garden for scientific study of plants built ina world when man knows he “is the measure ofall things” and was most active during an age when the world was becoming much larger through exploration. It was here that the potatoes found on the slopes of the Andes were first cultivated on European soil. The garden plan, a perfect circle 84 meters in diameter, further divided by formal rectangles, reflected the 16th Century mind and its concept of the universe. The world was uniform and symmetrical, unified platonically. As it was designed, the garden was an ideal world. Its first political patron was the Venetian senator, patrician Donicle Barbbaro who was himself a botanist of some note. The architect Giovanni Moroni da Bergamo’s plan was executed by Senator Barbbaro and University of Padua botany professor, Pietro di Noale. The first Praefectus or Director, Luigi Squaler- no, was followed by a long line of distinguished botanist directors. In the drawing, right, is shown Pontederia or pickerel weed, which was named after G. Pontederi, a Director who lived 1688-1757. The genus and the family, Pontederaceae, bear his name. The family includes 6 genera and 20 species. Eichornia, or water hyacinth, is another familiar genus in the family, ier. —— a Zo hci tn, USS Z . - = Sa A a a SSS Ae FZ CA caste sanele SOQ spapacen™aa8 sel OT IBOIOIZONOS ACTS KSA ‘sea ISNeN Fe [IS SCORN | \ SOWOaSOWOa CELTS ot: \A IBOWMSLONO MEMOS s VN ROS IRS ENR Fe | Boned BOS SPoagdig HF° | imWaswOa ala CLAS} | Sot «= Ed oo IN |x Hit Ws Leas (_ | - SWE jaadden — cabauent Plan of the 16th century Padua Garden. and may be seen in the Climatron, together with the pickerel weed. The lovely old garden in Padua is still a pleasure to visit. Tamra Engelhorn Raven Pontederia or Pickerel Weed. Named in memory of a Padua Garden Director who lived In the 18th century. '! LAST CALL! A WEEK IN FABULOUS MONTE CARLO DEPARTURE: MARCH 28 RETURN: APRIL 5 $499 PER PERSON CONTACT MEMBERSHIP OFFICE 772-7600 National Science Foundation Grant To Support ‘Floristic Survey of Amazonian Perw The National Science Foundation has announced an award of $18,332 for initial support of astudy, “Floristic Survey of Amazonian Peru,” to be conducted jointly by the Missouri Botanical Garden and Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago. Dr. Alwyn H. Gentry, Assistant Curator of the Garden’s herbarium, is principal investigator of this project to which an additional $114,600 has been commited for increased study during the next two years. Amazonian Peru, roughly the size of Texas, is avery rich lowland tropical area. It is poorly known botanically and the main objective of the new project is to collect and identify plant specimens and catalog the species of this region, important segments of which are being rapidly destroyed. A second goal of the project is completion of the Flora of Peru. Field headquarters for the research operations will be at Iquitos, Peru, where a permanent laboratory facility has been set up. A full time resident collector and botanists from Missouri Botanical Garden, Field Museum and other collaborating institutions will work out from this center, mostly by boat, to explore all of Amazonian Peru. It is anticipated that this project will develop into a major long-term focus for the Garden's tropical research. Dr. Alwy. Mr./Mrs. John E. Davis Dr./Mrs. William L. Drake, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Clifford E. Fischer Lt. Col./Mrs. Robert Forsyth Mr./Mrs. Clifford Frey Mr./Mrs. Carl B. Giebel Mr./Mrs. George R. Goetz Mr./Mrs. Nathaniel Green Mr./Mrs. Walter W. Grueninger Mr./Mrs. James D. Hammer Mr./Mrs. J. N. Hammitt Mr./Mrs. Robert Hargrove Dr./Mrs. John E. Helzer Mrs. Elleen Herrell Mr./Mrs. Joseph P. Hopkins Mr./Mrs. Robert K. Horak Mr./Mrs. J. F. Hornback Mr./Mrs. Richard W. Horner Mr./Mrs. E. M. Howell Mr./Mrs. M. Richard Huerner Mr./Mrs. Boynton Hussey Mr./Mrs. Nathaniel Ivory Mr. Nizar Jamjoo Mr./Mrs. William A. Jenny, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Norvell G. Jones Dr./Mrs. William Landon Mr./Mrs. Henry A. Lay Mr./Mrs. Willard L. Levy Mr./Mrs. Richard D. Locke NEW CONTRIBUTING MEMBERSHIPS JANUARY 1976 Mrs. Edmond S. Bauer Dr./Mrs. Marshall R. Crosby Mr./Mrs. H. H. Pope NEW FAMILY MEMBERSHIPS JANUARY 1976 Mr./Mrs. Wm. W. Albrecht Mr./Mrs. Wm. F. Allison Mr./Mrs. Wm. |. Andress Mr./Mrs. Ralph H. Aston Mr./Mrs. Robert L. Barger Mr./Mrs. David Becker Mr./Mrs. Erwin L. Below Mr./Mrs. Michael L. Bennett Mr./Mrs. Leon M. Bodenheimer Mr./Mrs. Wm. P. Chrisler Mr./Mrs. Ken Close Mr./Mrs. James A. Dacey, Jr. Mr./Mrs. William H. Longstreet Mr./Mrs. Mark Mayberry Mr./Mrs. George McCue Mr./Mrs. Gordon McGloshen Mr./Mrs. Paul L. Melgaard Mr./Mrs. Allen E. Metelman Mr./Mrs. Harvey Mizes Mr./Mrs. Herbert L. Pape Mr./Mrs. Ronald Parsons Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Praechter Dr./Mrs. Gerald Pregon Mr./Mrs. Ralph E. Pumphrey Mr./Mrs. Harry E. Raymond Mrs. Faye Russum Mr. Wm. D. Samuels, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Sammie L. Scarborough Mr./Mrs. Kenneth W. Schultz Mr./Mrs. Wm. F. Schumann Dr./Mrs. Roger H. Secker-Walker Mr./Mrs. Davis S. Shimamoto Mr./Mrs. Leo G. Stahlihut Mr. George Stevenson Mr./Mrs. Sarantis Symeonoglou Mr./Mrs. R. A. Terrebonne Mr./Mrs. Fred Timmerman Mr./Mrs. W. W. Tramp Mr./Mrs. Kenneth L. Vogel Miss K. M. Wagner Mr./Mrs. Walter J. Whitaker * : > * ae . n Gentry collecting plants In Amazonia, Peru. Mr. Robert C. Wolford Mr./Mrs. Melvis Wolverton NEW INDIVIDUAL MEMBERSHIPS JANUARY 1976 Mr. Gary G. Anderson Mrs. Brooks Bernhardt Mrs. Lorraine Berry Bittersweet Garden Club Miss Mary E. Brennan Miss Marie Brie Mrs. Betty Brittain Mrs. Catherine Brownell Mr. Norman S. Dertke Mrs. Alvin C. Ferbet Mrs. Rosemary Flance Mrs. Bernard F. Gill Mr. Elihu M. Hyndman Miss Linda Ishibashi Mrs. Leonard C. Jacobs Mrs. Eric A. Jordan Mr. Walter Junge Mrs. Louis Keller Mrs. F. Paul Kohlbry Ms. Louise Landon Mrs. Clara M. Lazier Mrs. Dorothy Lieberstein Miss Gladys Lippmann Mrs. Arthur F. Lubke Mr. Joel Y. Lund Mrs. Eleanor B. McClure Mr. John L. McDermott Mrs. Flora McKelfresh Mrs. Louis A. Mitleider Miss Marianne Power Mrs. Edward Renshaw Mrs. E. C. Roberts Mrs. Ernest T. Rouse St. Clair County Garden Club Miss Jean Schneeberger Mrs. Nadine Schneider Mrs. William Shieber Mr. George Skrivan Mr. Edd Stretch Smith Mrs. Glenda Smith Mrs. Janet N. Smythe Mr. C. David Spoeneman Mrs. Constance M. Sullivan Mr. Wm. J. Wolf Miss Delores Zurweller INCREASE IN MEMBERSHIP CONTRIBUTIONS JANUARY 1976 SUSTAINING Flora Place Protective Assn., Inc. Mr./Mrs. W. L. H. Griffin Mr. Malcolm W. Martin Mr./Mrs. C. Robert Pommer CONTRIBUTING Mr./Mrs. J. E. Akers Dr. Arthur |. Auer Mr./Mrs. Edward J. Hogan Mr./Mrs. A. S. Lee Pathology Associates FAMILY Mrs. Edwin S. Baldwin Mrs. John Donnell Mrs. H. R. Hildreth Mr./Mrs. W. H. Kurth Mr./Mrs. S. N. Olson Mrs. Wylie Todd Mr. William Wade JANUARY TRIBUTES In Honor of Recovery of Mrs. David Baron Mr./Mrs. Elmer D. Abramson In Honor of Recovery of Mrs. Jean Charak Mr./Mrs. Elmer D. Abramson In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Corn Anniversary Mr./Mrs. Meyer Levy In Honor of Recovery of Dr. |. J. Flance Mr./Mrs. Elmer D. Abramson In Honor of Mrs. Silas Frankel Birthday Mr./Mrs. Elmer D. Abramson In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Herman Gittelman Anniversary Mr./Mrs. Elmer D. Abramson In Honor of Elsie Glik Birthday Mrs. Ellis C. Littman In Honor of Mrs. Paul Kranzberg Birthday Mr./Mrs. Elmer D. Abramson In Honor of Mr. Herman Lief Birthday Mr./Mrs. Elmer D. Abramson In Honor of Mr. William Liggett 90th Birthday Mr./Mrs. Sanford Lebman In Honor of Mrs. Carl Lyss Mr./Mrs. Elmer D. Abramson In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Clarence Mange Golden Anniversary Mr./Mrs. Meyer Levy In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Steve Rosenbloom Marriage The Jules Berg Family in Memory of Ms. Charlotte Brandt's Mother Margie Berg In Memory of Mr. Harold P. Davison The Rose Society of Greater St. Louis In Memory of Mr. Donald Di Leo George and Nadine Mahe in Memory of Mrs. Frederick Gardner Mrs. Edwin R. Culver In Memory of Mr. James A. Griffith Mrs. Wm. B. Andrews Mrs. Jane Arnold Mr./Mrs. John N. Chapin Mrs. H. Davis Clymer Friendship Village of West County-John Hinkle Mr. E. H. Gray Mrs. Joan Hatler Mrs. L. B. Izard Mr./Mrs. Don Johnston Miss Norma Martin Mrs. Ben H. McDougall Mrs. Robert L. McElroy Mrs. Charles E. Phillips Mrs. Raymond H. Polito Mrs. Philo Rapp Mr. J. Schneider Mr./Mrs. Wiley M. Sellards Mr./Mrs. George K. Shirling Mr./Mrs. Wallace Tuttle Mr./Mrs. R. M. Weaver Miss Carolyn Whitmore Miss Maryann Young In Memory of Mrs. Fleta Hopkins Marjorie L. Feuz In Memory of Mr. Ernest Hummel Dr./Mrs. Ben H. Senturia In Memory of Mr. John Joines Armand D. Fries, M.D. In Memory of Mr. Laurence Mallinckrodt Mrs. Henry D. Miller, Jr. Mrs. John Gardiner Woods In Memory of Daisy |. Meyer Mr./Mrs. Edward Heickelbeck In Memory of Dr. William F. Neun Armand D. Fries, M.D. In Memory of Mr. Joel Reiss Rose Society of Greater St. Louis In Memory of Mrs. Jessie Chard Ross Melba E. Aufderheide In Memory of Dr. Robert Sanders Mr./Mrs. William Beggs In Memory of Mrs. Betty Steele The |. F. Fausek, Jr. Family In Memory of our friend Morris Wortman Mr./Mrs. Elmer D. Abramson In Memory of Mr. Russell Zeller Dr./Mrs. William E. Koerner MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 2345 Tower Grove Avenue Saint Louis, Missouri 63110 SECOND-CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT ST. LOUIS, MO. Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin English Woodland Garden Scheduled for May 4 peacanon On Tuesday, May 4, the English Woodland Garden, the second of three Bicentennial projects at the Missouri Botanical Garden, will be formally dedicated by Professor John Heslop-Harrison, Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England. The dedication fittingly coincides with the anniversary of Henry Shaw’s arrival in St. Louis on May 4, 1819. The new two-acre garden, located east of the Japanese Garden, has been designed by John Elsley, Curator of Hardy Plants. Elsley, a native of Essex, England, joined the Garden's staff in 1973. Numerous volunteers and staff members of the Horticulture Department have been working with him to ready the Woodland Garden for its dedication. To explain the underlying principles associated with this style of gardening, detail the basic steps taken in the establishment of the Woodland Garden; and describe the plant material utilized, Mr. Elsley has written two articles for Bulletin readers. The first follows. The second will be published in the May Bulletin. The past thirty years have seen a great expansion of the “woodland” style of gardening in Britain. Within such gardens, be they large or small, the horticulturist usually aims to cultivate as varied a range of plant material as possible often in simulated conditions which resemble closely those experienced in nature by a given plant species. The plants included in woodland gardens are often representative of native floras from many parts of the globe, a woodland garden thus providing an ideal setting for the display of many treasures accumulated by the ardent plantsman, a creature often possessed with a strong collective instinct! Seasonal Displays In many instances a woodland garden will exhibit a dominance of certain plant groups which result in spectacular displays at given seasons: Rhododen- drons and azaleas are frequent ‘“dominants.” The Professor John Heslop-Harrison, Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England. (Photo Courtesy of Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation. ) Missouri Botanical Garden woodland area will incor- porate azaleas and dogwoods in this feature role, both of which should annually provide a display highlight in early May. Woodland gardens are usually designed within existing wooded locations, our own garden being situated in the wooded area of 1% acres immediately west of the Lehmann Building (from the windows of which one can obtain an excellent panoramic view of the garden) and extending to the eastern edge of the Japanese Garden. The layout and new plantings of the Woodland Garden are such that the whole area will harmonize with the adjacent Japanese area and Continued on next page Number 4 April 1976 Volume LXIV provide an interesting and attractive approach to the oriental landscape. In Britain, the location selected for a woodland garden usually consists of an area supporting a population of good quality native trees, the oaks being especially favored. The woodland is also usually predominately deciduous, and naturally in such instances the major growth and flowering periods of associated species is during the spring priortothe tree foliage greatly reducing the light intensity reaching the lower shrub and herbaceous layers. This factor is well illustrated in the native Missouri woodlands and can seasonally be observed in spectacular fashion at the Garden's Gray Summit Arboretum. Summer Sun Intensity Intensity of summer sunshine in St. Louis is an adverse factor in the successful cultivation of many introduced plant species, so a habitat which provides natural summer shade combined with a degree of protection against cold winter winds greatly enhances the prospects of increasing the range of cultivated hardy plants — an important goal for the Missouri Botanical Garden as one of the country’s leading botanical and horticultural institutions. Our existing woodland location supported few trees which could be considered “specimen” in description so that during the initial construction stages most specimens with shade providing potential were retained although many of these will be removed in a few years once the wide range of newly planted trees and shrubs make demands for more headroom. Decidious woodland soils normally exhibit excellent chemica:i and physical properties being annually enriched by leaf fall, although on a garden scale any soil deficiency can normally be rectified. Different sections of a woodland garden can be devoted to plants requiring more specific growing conditions, areas where, for example, plants needing greater amounts of shade, moisture and acidity levels (e.g., Primulas) can be successfully cultivated. The early installation of an irrigation system throughout our Woodland Garden will considerably reduce yet another important limiting factor of plant growth inthe St. Louis area. Soil Preparation The early formative stage following the removal of a roadway, culminated in the removal of unwanted trees and shrubs, (including roots) and was succeeded by the most important operation in the construction of any garden — namely, soil preparation. After deep cultivations, organic matter in the form of leaf mold was incorporated, peat moss would have been an excellent but more expensive alternative. Top soil was then spread over the surface in order to obtain a uniform grade over the entire area and again this was rotovated into the existing soil. It was especially important to add sufficient soil to the section of the garden where smaller beds were constructed in order to allow for natural soil stabilization. Planting then followed and individual subjects and the smaller beds were mulched heavily, an operation which has the important dual effect of moisture conservation and weed control throughout the growing season and during the winter months helps to prevent low temperature damage to more tender subjects. The outline of the major beds and paths was established by horizontally laid tree branches, which, in combination with the pathways constructed of wood chips provide the garden visitor with an aesthetic feeling of a woodland trail. In Britain such pathways are normally grassed. Informal Layout Initially, Our Woodland Garden consists of two sections, both highly informal in their overall layout, One section consisting of a series of beds intersected by a network of pathways and an even more informal section with less paths and no _ distinct beds. Throughout the entire garden many new trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants have already been incor- porated, inaddition to approximately 750 azaleas concentrated in the series of informal beds and extensive plantings of dogwoods which will eventually dominate the adjoining section. One of the major trends related to plant materials incorporated into the woodland Garden will be in the direction of North American native subjects, a group of plants that has and continually is playing an important role in providing the raw materials for garden enrighment throughout the world. John E. Elsley Curator of Hardy Plants Annual Flower Sunday on April 25 Flower Sunday, to be held April 25 at Christ Church Cathedral, will feature an elaborate altar display of flowers from the Missouri Botanical Garden. Flower Sunday is a tradition established through Henry Shaw's will and an annual event since 1890. The Flower Sunday service will begin at 11 a.m. A Flower Festival will be held in and around the cathedral area on Saturday, April 24, from noon to 5 p.m. The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN is publish- ed 11 issues per year monthly except August, by the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. M. P. CRONIN, Editor SUBSCRIPTION RATES: $5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign. Japanese Festival Day, May 9, To Highlight Japan’s Culture A Japanese Festival Day, to be held May 9 on the Garden's grounds, will highlight many of the diverse and subtle expressions of Japan’s culture. Ranging from origami, the art of Japanese paper folding, to Ikebana, the stylized art of flower arranging, the displays, exhibits, and films will offer visitors to the Garden a rare opportunity to more fully appreciate and enjoy aspects of the country’s culture. The Festival, sponsored by the Japanese American Citizens League in cooperation with the St. Louis — Suwa Sister City Committee, promises to create a greater awareness of Japanese and Japanese- American cultural heritages. To date, the program includes many varied demonstrations and forms of entertainment new to this area. Antique samurai swords from the Meiji period to the pre-World War II period will be exhibited for the first time in St. Louis. The $200,000 private collection will be on view courtesy of Japan Air Lines. Suwa Tree Art work and photographs by the schoolchildren and residents of Suwa, Japan, the sister city of St. Louis, will also be featured during the Festival. A thousand origami paper cranes will be sent from Suwa to decorate a “Suwa Tree” near the Japanese Garden, located in the Garden’s southwest corner. The $700,000 Japanese Garden, a project which first originated with the Japanese American Citizens League, will be dedicated next Fall as a Bicentennial event. Although construction at the site is not yet complete, many features and plants are in place, making a walk through the area enjoyable and rewar- ding. Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden Director, and some of the Japanese Festival participants. (Photos courtesy of Mac Mizuki) ‘a se er ls i " og 17 1 Ed Tsugita, President of the Japanese American Citizens League, and Dr. Raven at the Suwa Lantern in the Japanese Garden. During the Festival, Japanese kimonos will be modeled by the Harusame Club in a program begin- ning with children’s apparel and encompassing the types of kimonos worn at each period in a Japanese woman’s life. A beautiful wedding kimono has been lent for use by Mrs. Eugene Schwarz. Aikido Demonstration Japanese children’s dances, folk dances, and demonstrations of Aikido, a form of Japanese move- ment will also be staged during the Festival. Throughout the day, cultural films on the Gardens of Japan will be shown in the John S. Lehmann Building Auditorium. Delicacies such as chicken teriaki, makisushi and tamagomaki will be sold during the afternoon. A tea ceremony and demonstration will be conducted by Mrs. Kikue Atkins. In addition, there will be exhibits of Japanese dolls, and display tables featuring the art of calligraphy and Japanese pottery techniques. The activities, demonstrations and displays will be presented on the Garden’s grounds and in the Lehmann Auditorium throughout the day. The Festival hours will be from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. SPRING LECTURE SCHEDULE CHANGES The schedule of the Spring Lecture Series for Members was revised after the March, 1976 Bulletin had gone to press. Dr. William D’Arcy’s lecture, entitled “The Mountain Gorilla: Nutrition and Habitat,” has been rescheduled for Thursday, April 22, at 10:30 a.m. and 8 p.m. Dr. Peter H. Raven's lecture, “Our Vanishing Flora,” will be given on Thursday, April 29, at 10:30 a.m. and 8 p.m. Gardening in St. Louis APRIL GARDENING With the early spring this year, many shrubs have now completed their flowering season and can be pruned any time this month. In pruning, remove 2 or 3 of the older canes on old shrubs. Cut these out as close to the ground as possible, head back the balance of the growth at irregular intervals so as to keep a natural form. After pruning is completed, the shrub should be lightly dug around and superphosphate should be incorporated or a balanced fertilizer to help invigorate them. Long ends which develop later can be pruned back in early June to Mid-June so as to keep the form. However, avoid heavy pruning this summer because buds will be formed for flowering again next spring. Azalea Care Azaleas which showed winter burn or dying back should be cut back to good wood. Do not cultivate around these as the roots are near the surface. It is important to apply an acid type fertilizer around these to stimulate growth — Cottonseed meal is very good. Apply fresh mulch around the plants to conserve moisture and to control weed growth. Other broadleaf- ed evergreens such as hollies and rhododendrons should be fed at this time. It is important as far as the holly leaf minor is concerned, to start spraying due to the early spring season. | would suggest watching these closely and if small black flies are seen, start to spray immediately. If this is not the case, apply Malathion or Diazinon about the 3rd week of April. Repeat at 12 to 14 day intervals for at least 2 more applications for good control. Evergreens and other balled and burlaped shrubs can still be planted provided they are heavily mulched and kept watered until the plants are well established. The earlier these go in this month, the better. Rose Pruning Pruning of roses should be completed as soon as possible. As the mulch is removed from around the base of the plant, it should be carefully dug into the bed to incorporate more organic material. Follow this with an application of superphosphate of approximately 1 cup per plant for good growth. Early spraying for control of mildew and black spotis important. Alternate with Benlate and Pheltan for good control. The first spraying should occur as soon as pruned. The next spraying should go onina week to 10 days to cover the new growth or after any heavy rain. Potted roses can be set out at any time. Remove the container very carefully, open the base up and plant according to normal procedures. Bulb stocks such as daffodils and tulips, and other flowering bulbs, should nave the foliage left intact for at least 3 weeks after flowering before it is removed. At that time, the foliage can be cut back to just above ground level and these will bloom the following year. If fertilizer has not been added, | would suggest that you come in with a light application of a balanced fertilizer amongst the bulbs and/or superphosphate to help keep the bulbs built up. Cool Crops Due to the warm weather earlier, vegetable gardens should now be in active growth. Many of the cool crops should now be reaching their peak of growth and should be ready for harvesting starting shortly. Towards the later part of the month, warmer crops can be put in. Tomatoes should not be planted until the ground has become good and warm. If the ground is cold and weather is cool they do not make satisfactory growth. It is better to keep them indoors growing actively than putting them out under cool conditions. Hardy Annuals Hardy annuals can be set out at any time this month. Soil should be well prepared; add in plenty of organic matter and superphosphate and protect the plants for the first day or two from the hot sun if possible. Annuals, of course, should be hardened off for several days before planting directly in the garden. Pre-emerge for control of crabgrass should be applied any time after the first week in April. It is important to remember that pre-emerge works for a period of 40 to 50 days, and for good control needs to be applied again in early June as far as crabgrass is concerned. Follow the directions carefully and make sure that there is a uniform cover over the whole area. Robert Dingwall Chief Horticulturist Garden Briefs Spring's arrival signals a quickening pace of activity throughout the Garden. Volunteers are urgently needed to assist with the preparation and maintenance of the many outdoor areas under cultivation which now include the Japanese Garden and English Woodland Garden. For further information, contact Carol Taxman, Chairman of Volunteers, 772-7600, ext. 53, Tuesday and Thursday from 9 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. A Bonsai Workshop will be offered by the Garden's Department of Education May 18, 19, and 20. On each date the workshop will consist of athree-hour work session conducted by John Yoshio Naka, a noted Bonsai master from California who will demonstrate many techniques and styles of this ancient art. Workshop students will be provided with a tree, suitable container, wire and soil. Further details will appear in the May Bulletin. Chrysanthemum Ball, September 10 To Benefit Boxwood Garden As part of the Garden’s salute to the Bicentennial, a Chrysanthemum Ball will be held on Friday, September 10, at 6:30 p.m. on the Garden grounds. Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden Director, has announced that proceeds from the event will directly benefit the Edgar Anderson Memorial Boxwood Garden. The Boxwood Garden, occupying over three acres between the Lehmann Rose Garden and Japanese Garden, is now under active construction. It consists of a series of grassy glades lined with varieties of boxwood. The Garden is named in honor of Edgar Anderson, a scientist who was associated with the Garden for many years. He introduced many fine Balkan varieties of boxwood to the United States. Mrs. Walter G. Stern, chairman of the Chrysanthemum Ball, has announced that major St. Louis corporations will support this Fall benefit as corporate sponsors. They include First National Bank in St. Louis, Monsanto Co., McDonnell-Douglas Corp., Tiffany Industries, Tower Grove Bank, Tobey Fine Papers, and Universal Printing Co. The Patron Committee invites all Members of the Garden to serve as patrons of the Chrysanthemum Ball. Patron donation is $150 per couple, ($120 tax deductible). Patron participation is limited, so please fill out patron reservation blank promptly. General invitations will be mailed to Members of the Garden this summer. Committee members are eagerly planning a delight- ful evening. They anticipate an oversubscribed party and hope you will join them. The Committee Members are: Mrs. William Andrews, Mrs. J. Arthur Baer, Il, Mrs. John Brodhead, Jr., Mrs. Dwight W. Coultas, Mrs. Theodore P. Desloge, Jr., Mrs. Charles W. Freeman, Mrs. Frederick O. Hanser, Mrs. Charles G. Houghton, Jr., Mrs. Watts Humphrey, Jr., Mrs. Henry O. Johnston. Also, Mrs. Landon Y. Jones, Mrs. Robert McK. Jones, Mrs. Alexander Kerckhoff, Jr., Mrs. Charles F. Knight, Mrs. Robert E. Kresko, Mrs. John D. Lipscomb, Mrs. Willard L. Levy, Mrs. Jules L. Pass, Mrs. Eugene H. Reese, Mrs. William A. Sims, Mrs. George L. Stemmler, Jr., Mrs. Charles B. Thies and Mrs. DonL. Wolfsberger. Honorary Co-Chairman of the Ball is Mr. C. Powell Whitehead, a past president of the Garden's Board of Trustees and currently a Member of the Trustees’ Advisory Board. Mrs. William A. Sims Publicity Chairman ier A — Mrs. Walter G. Stern, chairman of The Chrysanthemum Ball. Lhe Chrysanthemum Dall | FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE BOXWOOD GARDEN Friday Evening, September 10, 1976, 6:30 Patron: Two tickets ...................... $150 ($120 is tax deductible) CRG NICSE oso oiccs bas oae oaks ewe Mo $75 ($60 is tax deductible) | wish my name to appear on the invitation as follows: Tables are for ten people. | wish to be seated with the following people: Name Address ___ aes Phone — Zipcode ___ Chrysanthemum Ball and return with this form to: Membership Office Missouri Botanical Garden 2345 Tower Grove Avenue St. Louis, Missouri 63110 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ! l | | | | | Please make check payable to The | | l | ] NOTED IKEBANA MASTER TO LECTURE HERE MAY 11 A lecture-demonstration on the art of Japanese Flower Arranging will be presented at the Garden on Tuesday, May 11, by Shuko H. Kobayashi, master teacher of floral art in the Sogetsu School of contem- porary Ikebana design. The program will be qaiven at 1:30 p.m. in the auditorium of the John S. Lehmann Building. Admis- sion is $3.50 per person and, because of limited space, advance reservations are required. Checks payable to the Missouri Botanical Garden should be sent to the Membership Office, Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110. Tickets will be mailed in advance of the lecture. Mr. Kobayashi is a well known artist and teacher whose works have been exhibited in one-man and group shows in Japan and throughout California. In Tokyo, in 1955, he received the top award at the All Japan Ikebana Art Competition. He designed a special arrangement for the visit of the Emperor and Empress of Japan to San Francisco in 1975. In his lecture-demonstration at the Garden, Mr. Kobayashi will create designs utilizing local plant material such as trees, roots, branches, shrubs and flowers. He also works with wood and metal to create sculptural forms which are often incorporated together, in his finished work. Bicentennial Herb Sale April 28 — May 5 A Bicentennial Herb Sale featuring historic, culinary, medicinal and housekeeping herbs, will be held in the Garden's Floral Display House from Wednesday, April 28, through May 5. The sale, sponsored by the Garden’s Plant Shop, is in recognition of the nation’s Bicentennial and the historic importance of herbs to our pioneer and colonial forebearers. The sale includes 100 to 150 herb varieties ndét only the familiar herbs but also the lesser grown herbs whose historic roles may have vanished but whose garden qualities remain. The sale will open with a Members Day on Wednes- day, April 28th, where the customary Members ten percent discount will be given. The public sale will begin a day later, on Thursday, April 29th, and continue throughout the week. Plants will be arranged by their common names in alphabetical order. Most will be in three-inch pots and priced at a uniform price per pot. In addition, there will be an information booth at the entrance to the sale area where an alphabetical list of the sale herbs with basic information about each will be available at nominal cost. Included in the Bicentennial sale are such herbs as: pewterwort (bottlebrush), garderobe (lad’s love), burn plant, and Oswego tea, which was popular with the colonists who drank it as a substitute for the Asian teas which they boycotted in protest against the tea tax. Virtually every culinary herb which grew in George Washington's kitchen garden at Mt. Vernon will be available, including rosemary, French tarragon, mar- joram, sage, mint, basil, thyme, and oregano. The tea herbs of chamomile, lemon balm, lemon grass and calendula (pot marigold) will also be sold, as well as lemon verbena, a native of South America which arrived in North America early in the 18th century and was instantly popular as a refreshing, new herb tea. An exciting collection of attractive hanging baskets will be on display having been preplanted with such appropriate herbs as Attar of Roses and Peppermint geraniums in single plantings. Other baskets are now being planted by Garden staff members to illustrate the technique of planting several herbs in one container to create a garden in miniature for gardeners who are somewhat short on space for their herb gardens. All but two herbs mentioned in A Treatise on Gardening, written in the early 1700’s by John Randolph, are included on the sale list. To study the herbs of the Bicentennial and to grow them is to gain new appreciation of the useful plants which man has relied upon throughout the ages to provide the necessities and niceties of life. Randall Anderson Manager, Horticultural Sales Spring and Summer Members Events at Arboretum The Arboretum will offer four special events this Spring and Summer for Garden Members. These activities promise to be enjoyable as well as educational and will bring increased appreciation of nature’s beauty. The Members Days are as follows: April 10 Wilderness Wagon Rides, previewing a newly written script. Landscape Walks, guided by John Elsley, Curator of Hardy Plants. April 22 Wildflower walks led by members of Webster Groves Nature Study Society including Edgar Denison and Art Christ. June 6 Parent-Child Day — Planned outdoor activities for the family. August 21 Float trip on Meramec River through Arboretum, guided by Arboretum Staff. The first events on April 10, will feature Landscape Walks with John Elsley, Curator of Hardy Plants. Areas of the Pinetum will be covered, with particular attention paid to the principles of English gardening as shown in this unique collection. Walking tours will leave from the Visitors Center at 11:00 a.m., 1:00 and 3:00 p.m. Also featured will be Wilderness Wagon rides through the Arboretum with the recently completed new tape narration. Wagon tours will be available from 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. Members are advised to bring asack lunch and spend a day in the country. The second event, Thursday, April 22, features Wildflower Walks led by Edgar Denison, author of Missouri Wildflowers, Art Christ and several other members of the Webster Groves Nature Study Society. It is expected that this date will feature a number of woodland wildflowers in bloom as well as the final blooms of the daffodils and early meadow flowers. Members can ride the Wilderness Wagon or stroll to the Trail House where all tours wil start. Two long walks will be given at 10:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m. It is suggested that a sack lunch be brought for the morning walk. Shorter waiks will be given starting hourly from 10:30 a.m. to 1:30 p.m. Details concerning the last two events will be announced in future bulletins. For more information — call 772-7600 — Station 81. June Hutson, Chairman Arboretum Members Events Visits to Twelve English Gardens Scheduled for Members Tour Plans for our Bicentennial visit to English Gardens have now been completed and a few vacant places on the tour are still available. Our party will be strengthen- ed by the company of the Garden's Director, Dr. Peter H. Raven, and Mrs. Raven, both of whom are enthusiastic and knowledgeable concerning many aspects related to English gardening. Between our departure from St. Louis on May 19 and our return on May 30, we shall visit twelve magnificent gardens in addition to spending a day at the Chelsea Flower Show, considered to be the finest event of its kind in the world. The gardens we shall be visiting classically exhibit the numerous styles encompassed by the term “English Gardens.” At Stowe and Rousham House, the landscape garden of the 17th and 18th century reaches its zenith, with a style and function in marked contrast to the Oxford Botanic Garden (founded in 1621) and the small but fascinating Chelsea Physic Garden situated on the Thames embankment in Central London. The historic house at Sezincote in the Gloucestershire Cotswolds provides a focal point fora garden which exhibits areas depicting several different eras of garden design, while at Heaselands and Borde Hill in Sussex are to be seen magnificent collections of rhododendrons and camellias. Sissinghurst Castle and Hidcote Manor, do, in many respected opinions, compete for the title of England’s finest garden and in each case the visitor is treated to a huge range of differing plant material utilized to perfection. Superb examples of recently created and “personal” gardens will be seen at Crittenden House and Kingston House, while the garden of the Royal Horticultural Society at Wisley is a mecca for anyone interested in gardening. A number of the above gardens are not normally open to visitors and at each garden, in addition to our own “resident experts,” we shall be privileged to have the services of a person closely connected with the particular garden. An evening of medieval entertainment and dining, near the Tower of London will culminate our visit! The tour will be centered on London with atwo-night stay in Oxford. If you are interested, it is essential that you contact the Membership Office immediately, phone 772-7600. John E. Elsley Curator of Hardy Plants Member of The Arts and Education Fund of Greater St.Louis NEW DIRECTOR'S ASSOCIATES MEMBERSHIP FEBRUARY 1976 Mr./Mrs. Andrew R. Zinsmeyer NEW CONTRIBUTING MEMBERSHIPS FEBRUARY 1976 Mr./Mrs. J. Paul Bedel Dr./Mrs. Melvin Goldman Mr./Mrs. Haskell T. Waddle NEW FAMILY MEMBERSHIPS FEBRUARY 1976 Mr./Mrs. LeRoy Abbott Mr./Mrs. H. W. Ackerman Mr. Patrick Ackerman Mr./Mrs. Robert M. Allan Mr./Mrs. Wm. S. Barker Mr./Mrs. Richard L. Behrends Mr./Mrs. Edward G. Bischoff, Jr. Dr./Mrs. Vilray Blair Jr. Mr./Mrs. James A. Breckenridge Mr./Mrs. William Brew Mr./Mrs. William M. Cox Mr./Mrs. Charles Dickerson Mr./Mrs. Henry Edmonds Mr./Mrs. John L. Evans Dr./Mrs. David Feldman Mr./Mrs. R. G. Finkenkeller Mr./Mrs. John Garagnani Mr./Mrs. Michael J. Geders Mr./Mrs. Charles R. Gibson Glan Tai Botanical Club Mr./Mrs. Fred J. Hansen Mr./Mrs. John Hilgert Mr./Mrs. John A. Hoef, Jr. Mr. Craig Thomas Hundelt Mr./Mrs. Bruce Jordan Mr./Mrs. R. H. Junk Mr./Mrs. John B. Kethley Mr./Mrs. J. Dale Kitchen Dr./Mrs. Robert E. Knittel Mr./Mrs. Henry Koerber Mr./Mrs. Edmund Lammert Mr./Mrs. R. G. Lapierre Mr./Mrs. Scott Lauder Ms. Linda Lawson Mr./Mrs. Thomas Laylotf Ms. Deborah Ann Letter Mr./Mrs. Mark Lumb Mr./Mrs. Herbert Markham Mr./Mrs. S. Carson McCormack Mrs. Jean Meredith Mr./Mrs. Gerald J. Meyer Miss Shirley F. Meyer Mr./Mrs. Robert C. Miller Mr./Mrs. Hugh O. Nourse Mr./Mrs. Paul Nowakowski Mr./Mrs. Jess L. Nutt, Jr Miss Jan Heather O'Herin Mr./Mrs. Wm. O’Herin Mr./Mrs. Karl D. Pettit, Il Mr./Mrs. Fred E. Pfaff Mr./Mrs. Philip M. Pfeffer Mr./Mrs. Donald E. Pratt Mr./Mrs. William F. Remspecher Mr./Mrs. James W. Rick Ms. Alice Robison Rabbi/Mrs. Alvan D. Rubin Mr./Mrs. Robert J. Rubin Mr./Mrs. J. R. Ryland Mr./Mrs. Gene Schwilck Mr./Mrs. Francis Seyfarth Mr./Mrs. Lewis J. Stannard Mr./Mrs. Morris Suchart Mr. Billy T. Sumner Mr./Mrs. George K. Syllman Mr./Mrs. Michael Turken Mr./Mrs. John A. Virant, Jr Visitours, Inc. Mr./Mrs. Charles L. Voellinger Mr./Mrs. Ralph C. Wilkinson Mr./Mrs. Paul Wilson Mr./Mrs. Howard L. Wood NEW INDIVIDUAL MEMBERSHIPS FEBRUARY 1976 Mrs. James G. Baker Mr. Roger Birkel Mrs. Wilma C. Bremer Mrs. LaVerne Brooner Mrs. David V. Campbell Mr. David M. Culver Mrs. Jean Currie Mrs. Lois D. Eckstein Mrs. Irene G. Elder Miss Sandra Fritts Mrs. Ann Goddard Mr. David M. Grebler Miss Elsie Gruhn Mr. Thomas P. Hollo Mrs. Robert C. Ingersoll Mrs. Claudia Irwin Ms. H. P. Jordan Mrs. Vernon H. Knobbe Ms. Cynthia A. Kogut Miss Virginia Kraemer Mrs. J. W. Lowe Mr. Noel M. Matney Mr. Gilbert S. Maxson, Miss Christy Neuhoff Mrs. Bonnie Randazzo Miss Katherine S. Robbins Mrs. Jan Rodgers Dr. Dean A. Rosebery Mr. Michael K. Sadler Miss Carol Schulte Mr. Adrien J. Silvernail Mrs. Whitelaw Terry Miss Carol Ulett Mrs. Nancy Ulett Mrs. George A. Ulett Mrs. Fred H. Weber Miss Hallie Weissman Mrs. Geneva S. Williams INCREASE IN MEMBERSHIP CONTRIBUTIONS FEBRUARY 1976 LIFE Mrs. Kenneth C. Baker SUSTAINING Mrs. Alvin H. Diehr Mr./Mrs. Joseph E. Westerbeck Mr./Mrs. William D. Zeltmann CONTRIBUTING Mr. James A. Corrigan Mr. Jeffrey A. Rosenblum Mr./Mrs. J. F. Ruwitch Mr./Mrs. Charles L. Tooker Mrs. Albert B. Wagenfuehr Mrs. Louis Werner II FAMILY Mr. W. A. Frank Mrs. Douglas Kirberg Mr./Mrs. Edward Knirlberger Jr. Mr. David M. Pierce Mr. W. J. Polk, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Alton Reel Mr./Mrs. Louis L. Roth Mr. Donald J. Schmittzehe Mr./Mrs. Moe Schwartz Mr. Hugh K. Steavenson Mr. Ivan Wolff FEBRUARY TRIBUTES In Honor of Mr. E. J. Gildehaus The Garden Club of St. Louis in Honor of Mrs. Fred E. Guth Birthday Mr./Mrs. Edward J. Costigan In Memory of Professor Chiura Obata Mr. Maurice Falchero Richard and Celeste Haley Alice Hausner Russell and Marion Hughes In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Whitney Harris Anniversary Mrs. Harry Greensfelder Mr./Mrs. J. Henry Schweich in Honor of Mrs. W. Edwin Moser Birthday Mrs. Marion Child Moss In Honor of Mrs. Wm. H. Schield Birthday Mrs. Marion Child Moss Mrs. Kay Mesi In Memory of Gotthold Schmid The Carrs In Memory of Bruce Schneier Mr./Mrs. Herbert Talcoff In Memory of Mrs. Bertha Elizabeth Thompson The Traditional Dancers In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. H. E. Wuertenbaecher, Jr. 25th Wedding Anniversary Mr./Mrs. Kenneth Marshall In Memory of Dr. C. H. Beasley The Rose Society of Greater St. Louis In Memory of Dr. Marvin Cohen's Father Doug and Fern Newman In Memory of Mr. John B. Connell Mr./Mrs. Wm. M. Haack In Memory of Mrs. Julia E. G. Floyd Mr./Mrs. James A. Breckenridge riffith In Memory of Mr. James A. Eleanor Ervin MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 2345 Tower Grove Avenue Saint Louis, Missouri 63110 SECOND-CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT ST. LOUIS, MO. Mrs. J. A. Griffith In Memory of Mr. Chris Hollenberg Some of His Friends In Memory of Nancy S. Johnson Gladys M. Gerdel In Memory of Mr. Fred Mueller Mr./Mrs. Edward Heichelbech In Memory of Mrs. Morris Winterman Mr./Mrs. Edmund A. Hogbin, Jr. A PERFECT SPRING GIFT... A BOUQUET OF LASTING BENEFITS GIVE A GARDEN MEMBERSHIP — IT LASTS THE ENTIRE YEAR. FOR SOMEONE SPECIAL, Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin A Garden Priority: Easy Access for Handicapped Visitors | have for many years been engaged in laying out and establishing a Botanical garden... for the object and with the view of having for the use of the public a Botanical garden easily accessible which should be forever kept up and maintained... — Excerpt from the will of Henry Shaw, signed on September 2, 1889 Throughout the years, the Garden’s policy towards handicapped visitors has echoed Henry Shaw's words. The Garden’s Board of Trustees has appropriated funds, where necessary, for facilities for the han- dicapped so that this sector of the general public can enjoy the Garden’s many attractions and utilize its facilities. Visitors confined to wheelchairs can gain access to every section of the Garden’s outside grounds via paved paths. The interior points of interest throughout the Garden are all easily accessible with the exception of Tower Grove House which was constructed in 1849 and is preserved as a historical restoration. High Ratings A guidebook of St. Louis for the handicapped, published last year by the Easter Seal Society, gives its highest rating (‘A’) for accessibility to the Garden's Linnaean House, Floral Display House, and Desert and Mediterranean Houses. The Climatron, Restaurant, and Garden Gate Shop also achieved “A” ratings inthe majority of categories. , g Continued on next page Bonsai Lecture-Demonstrations, May 18 & 19, by John Yoshio Naka Two lecture-demonstrations on bonsai, the art of creating a perfectly shaped miniature tree, will be presented at the Garden on May 18 and 19 by noted bonsai master, John Yoshio Naka. Offered by the Garden's Department of Education, the sessions, each three hours long, will be conducted in the Lehmann Building auditorium at these times: Section A: Tuesday, May 18, 1:00 p.m. - 4:00 p.m. Section B: Wednesday, May 19, 9:30 a.m. - 12:30 p.m. The fee, per session, is $4.00 per enrollee for the public, $3.00 for Garden Members. Advance registra- tion is necessary and should be made through the Education Department, 772-7600. Mr. Naka, co-founder of the California Bonsai Society, is a purist who creates styles of bonsai ina careful, traditional manner. During the Garden lectures he will demonstrate how to plant and wire asingle trunk or tree, how to use proper tools and effect the correct proportions of. soil and pot mixtures to the tree. Mr. Naka himself will make a bonsai out of a large specimen at each lecture session. Bonsai workshops to be conducted by Mr. Naka, as announced in the April Bulletin, are filled. Volume LXIV. Number 5 May 1976 tote . Cp oe mg al IC Met Me Sea, : Waatas, ty ie Abagag St Er! mS de he ay, Ramps at the western entrances of the Mediterra- nean and Desert Houses were designed by architect Karl Pettit specifically for use by handicapped patrons to the Garden. The main entrance to the administration building, located at the southern end of the Garden, was also renovated recently with the handicapped in mind and now provides for easy entrance via a ramp. The Lehmann Building is also equipped with ramps for the handicapped at its southern and western entrances which provide complete accessibility to both the Library and Herbarium as well as the main lobby and classrooms. Kenneth Peck, Chairman of the Education Depart- ment, noted that during a recent class attended by elementary school children, one non-ambulatory youngster, although confined to a stretcher, was nevertheless able to participate. Wheelchair Tour The Education Department, said Peck, is also formulating a map indicating the routes, entrances, and points of interest which provide for a complete tour of the Garden by handicapped visitors. Eight stops on the tour are listed, including the Scented Herb Garden which is aspecial garden developed particularly forthe enjoyment of blind visitors. The Scented Garden, designed by Robert Dingwall and constructed in 1972, consists of eight beds, 32” high. Plantings are selected and grouped for their pleasant characteristics to a visitor's senses of taste, smell and touch. FLORA OF WESTERN COLOMBIA IS SUBJECT OF NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION GRANT The National Science Foundation has announced the award of a $19,200 grant to Dr. Alwyn Gentry, Assistant Curator at the Missouri Botanical Garden, to study the flora of the Choco region of Western Colombia. This grant is sponsored by a new division of NSF for Cooperative Science Programs in Latin America. It is the first such award made to the Garden. Under this program a Latin American country and NSF jointly sponsor and fund a scientific investigator from each country in a joint investigation. Dr. Gentry is working in collaboration with Dr. Enrique Forero, head of the Botany section of the Institute for Natural Sciences at the National University of Colombia. The Colombia counterpart of the NSF has awarded a similar grant to Dr. Forero for this project. Biologically, Colombia is the richest and most diverse country in the world. The Choco area, west of the Andes where Drs. Gentry and Forero will be working, is the wettest place on earth with 10,000 mm. of rain a year in places. This rain forest-covered region is exceedingly rich in animal species, many of which are found nowhere else in the world. The area, however, is unexplored botanically. The Choco region has no roads and has remained relatively isolated. With the adjacent Darien region of Panama it remains the last gap in the Pan-American Highway between North and South America. Increasing population pressure and work on the last section of the Pan-American highway now threaten the still unknown vegetation of the region. This joint project of the Missouri Botanical Garden and the National University of Colombia aims at securing herbarium specimens of the flora of this interesting region and cataloguing its plant species before they are lost forever. The Missouri School for the Blind, 3815 Magnolia Ave., assisted with the planning and installation of Braille plaques which designate the common and botanic names of each plant, its description and uses. New Restroom Facilities New restroom facilities, being planned in connection with the development of the Japanese Garden and English Woodland Garden, will be specially designed with the handicapped in mind. In addition, the Garden is pleased to announce the recent donation of a wheelchair, bringing the total number to two. This equipment is available, on request, at the Garden's main entrance. The Garden will continue its policy of extending special consideration for the needs of the non- ambulatory and handicapped visitors in order to increase their enjoyment of the Garden's many extraordinary features. In the April Bulletin, John Elsley, Curator of Hardy Plants, explained the basic steps taken in the establishment of The English Woodland Garden at the Missouri Botanical Garden, and the underlying principles associated with this style of gardening. He is seen, at left, in photo above discussing details of the English Woodland Garden with Dr. Peter H. Raven, Director. Mr. Elsley’s concluding article, which follows, describes some of the plants included inthis new garden dedicated this month as a Bicentennial project. Deciduous woodlands under natural conditions usually consist of three major vegetation levels: an upper tree zone, a middle shrub layer and a lower zone of herbaceous plants. In nature, these zones, or levels, are interdependent on each other for their successful existence; in artificially creating such a woodland feature, which includes plants from many parts of the world, this interdependence of plant species, each of which has basic cultural demands, is cf vital impor- tance. Following the initial clearance of unsuitable trees and shrubs, we were fortunate that remaining were a selection of mature trees that not only provided the important shade factor during the late spring and summer, but at the same time left us with an interesting botanical “superstructure.” The majority of these trees are native species from eastern North America A Diversity Re on i, eS aor including excellent specimens of the Sugar Hackberry (Celtis laevigata which is resistant to the Witches Broom disease so _ prevalent on the common Hackberry), White Elm (U/mus americana), White Swamp Oak (Quercus bicolor), Sweet Gum (Nyssa sylvatica) and lronwood (Ostrya virginiana), the wood of which is exceptionally hard and ‘bleeds’ profusely when damaged especially in early spring when the sap flow commences. This upper layer is further diversified by specimens of the Cherry Birch (Betula lenta), Persimmon (Diospyros virginiana) with its rugged tessellated bark, Sassafras (Sassafras albidum) and the Carolina Silver Bell or Snowdrop Tree (Halesia carolina) with its profusion of white nodding bell shaped flowers in clusters of three to five produced in early April. During the early years of this woodland garden, certain less desirable trees, including Black Locusts (Robinia pseudoacacia), Black Cherry (Prunus serrotina) and Cottonwoods (Populus sp.) will be retained as they contribute valuable shade; but, as newly planted specimens of more interesting and desirable trees develop, these will be removed. The newly planted trees are representative of temperate floras throughout the world. American oaks include the Willow Oak (Quercus phellos), Burr Oak (Q. macrocarpa) and Chinquapin Oak (Q. prinoides) Continued on next page Gardening in St. Louis MAY GARDENING After the very early Spring we have encountered, garden chores are now at their peak and must be done in order to insure a good season for plant growth. Spring flowering shrubs that flowered earlier, if they have not been pruned, should be pruned immediately. Remember that next year’s buds are produced on the Current season’s wood. In pruning, not only head the plants back, but in cases where the shrubs have become rather woody, it is important to prune out about one-third of the old canes as close to the ground as possible. House Plants House plants can now be moved outdoors after hardening them off. Move them to a protected area for two or three days before planting them in their final position. Plants that are pot-bound should be repotted and then the pots should be plunged up tothe rimina semi-shaded spot where they will receive filtered sun during the morning or afternoon only. See that plants are kept insect free; that they receive adequate watering during dry spells; and occasional feedings of liquid fertilizer to bring them back into top growth. The vegetable garden should now be yielding produce from the early planted material. Warm crops should be planted as early as possible. Tomatoes should be set out and mulched for best results later on. Other plant material in the garden that is already up would benefit by a light mulch. Increase the mulch as the plants get bigger until you have two to three inches of mulch over the garden. This will help to control weeds, keep the soil cool, insure better growth and, during wet weather, allow you to walk in the garden and harvest. However, avoid walking amongst bean plants when they are wet as this can cause rust. Planting Annuals Annual beds should now be planted up by first incorporating plenty of organic matter and some extra superphosphate. Do not let these plants sit around or dry out because once the plants are wilted, growth is slowed down through the loss of roots. Buy only fresh, healthy plants from your garden center. The second planting of gladiola bulbs can now go in for later cutting. Fertilizing the garden may be important depending on the plant growth that you have. If growth appears to be rather light colored or not moving too actively, it may need an additional boost of fertilizer. This often is best done by applying it in liquid form through the watering can. However, follow the directions on the container very carefully. If you are using a balanced powdered fertilizer, itis best to make asmall trench two or three inches away from the base of the plants, sprinkle the fertilizer in the trench and then cover over with soil. This way, you prevent water from splashing on the fertilizer or getting on the plants which causes burning. Roses now need extra strength as, in some cases, buds are already showing or some blooms are now beginning to show color. See that the plants are thoroughly sprayed for insect control and especially for blackspot and mildew. Container grown roses can still be set out; plant these the same way you would any other plants. Loosen the roots around the base so that they can spread out into the new surrounding area. Water them in well. Roses, in general, benefit from a feeding of a liquid fertilizer for an added boost of growth and color prior to their main flush of blooming. Care of Spring Bulbs Spring bulbs which flowered earlier, if they have had three to four weeks of good growth since the flower was spaded, can now have the tops removed, cut these back to ground level. Be careful in planting other annuals amongst them that you don’t disturb the old bulbs. If you wish to lift the old bulbs, they should be very carefully lifted with foliage attached and healed in at the back of the shrubbery somewhere and the foliage allowed to dry down naturally. Once the bulbs have dried down, they should be dug up and the old foliage and bulb scale should be removed when they are thoroughly dried. Store the bulbs in well ventilated areas away from excess moisture. Good plants for shaded spots in the garden where you wish a little color are: Caladiums, Impatiens, and Coleus. These all will give very brilliant color provided plenty of organic matter is worked into the soil. Urnsin the window boxes should be planted up immediately. See that the soil is high in organic matter. Water plants in with a light feeding of a liquid fertilizer and remember that container grown plants will need more feeding throughout the growing season due to the limited space for root growth. Robert Dingwall Chief Horticulturist The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN is publish- ed 11 issues per year monthly except August, by the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. M. P. CRONIN, Editor SUBSCRIPTION RATES: $5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign. while the Korean Oak (Q. acutissima) is an excellent Asiatic member of this genus. Both the American and European Beeches (Fagus grandifolia and F. sylvatica) will eventually produce impressive specimens and should, like the Chinese Chestnut (Castanea mollissima), Yellow Wood (Cladrastis /utea), Sorrel Tree or Sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum) and various Lindens (Tilia sp.) eventually become more widely planted in St. Louis gardens. Two trees of considerable botanical interest are the Franklinia(F. alatamaha), discovered in Georgia by the great American plant collector John Bartram in 1770, and since 1790 unknown in the wild state; and the Paper Handkerchief or Dove Tree (Davidia in- volucrata), so called because of the conspicious large white pendulus bracts which surround the flowers. Several Asiatic magnolia species (M. dawsoniana, M. cylindrica, M. denudata, M. kobus, M. obovata, M. salicifolia, M. sieboldii, M. sinensis, M. sprengeri, M. Wilsonii), in addition to a number of improved named forms of more commonly cutlivated Magnolia species will, in future years, provide valuable information regarding performance in this area of this fascinating group of flowering trees and shrubs. The diversity value of trees is exemplified by the distinct pendulous habit of Young’s Weeping Birch (Betula pendula ‘Youngii’), the Weeping White Mul- berry (Morus alba ‘Pendula’) and striking barks, so valuable for winter effect, are exhibited by the Paper Birch (Betula papyrifera), Acer capillipes and the brilliant coral red coloring of Acer palmatum ‘Senkaki’. The flowering and fruiting combination is represented by a range of desirable Crabs (Malus). Massed plantings of azaleas and dogwoods will annually provide a riot of color during Spring. Approximately 700 azaleas are representative of three dozen of the most suitable varieties for cultivation in this area; the 350 dogwoods demonstrate the diversity of floral variation available to the gardener within this genus. The cultivar (Cloud 9) is a prolific bloomer. ‘Cherokee Chief’ has deep rose red bracts. ‘Rubra’ has pink bracts and ‘Junior Miss’ has acombination of pink and white. Cornus ‘Eddie’s White Wonder is a tall growing hybrid between the eastern and western dogwoods (C. florida x nuttallii). The Chinese Dogwood (Cornus kousa chinensis) will provide a spectacular floral display in June followed by a vivid bronze crimson fall coloration. Climbing shrubs are represented by an excellent deep red flowered form of the native Honeysuckle (Lonicera sempervirens) and a choice Japanese plant Schizophragma hydrangioides, a climbing Hydrangea now making its way up the large Sycamore which dominates the central portion of the garden. An endangered species from Alabama, Neviusia alabamensis, a member of the rose family, is ‘of considerable botanical interest and exemplifies how a botanical garden functions as a “living museum.” In addition to existing specimens of native Witch Hazels (Hamamelis vernalis and H. virginiana), we included several other hybrids and species of this genus, Hamamelis mollis from China and several flower colored hybrids of this species raised in Belgium, which provide a spectacular floral display in winter and early spring. Many of the herbaceous plantings consist of native American wild flowers, a group of plants of tremendous diversity, many of which are highly prized by gardeners throughout the world. The genus Trillium will be represented by several dozen different species and forms, while such familiar Missouri natives as the Bluebell (Mertensia virginica), Dutchman's Breeches (Dicentra cucullaria), Columbine (Aquilegia canaden- sis), Bellwort (Uvularia grandiflora) and the Celandine Poppy (Stylophorum diphyllum) will provide a hint of the natural treasures to be seen in woodlands around St. Louis. Our own Gray Summit Arboretum is, of course, one such excellent location. Several species of terrestrial orchids (Cypripedium sp.) have become established and it seems probable that a number of these rather tricky subjects will become permanent residents. Japan, in addition to providing a vast range of excellent trees and shrubs for cultivation in western gardens, also supports a fascinating herbaceous flora — one, incidentally, that in many ways is still under- exploited. Throughout some of the smaller beds are a collection of Hostas | was able to collect in Japan and these indicate the great potential that this genus offers gardeners. Although attractive in flower, in many cases the variation in leaf form, shape and color makes these members of the lily family indispensable for a range of garden situations. Many members of the Liliaceae are naturally found in woodland habitats; several Lily species (e.g., Lilium canadensis, L. superbum) will provide interest well into the summer months. The imposing tall spikes of another Liliaceous plant, Fritillaria imeralis, will appear in April or early May, and although the plant is rather foetid, nevertheless, it is a “must” for such a setting! Even after a very limited experience, it appears that many of the choice herbaceous plants we have introduced into the woodland garden will survive the testing local climate, if full use is made of mulches which in winter protect the dormant plants from low temperature damage and in summer help to alleviate drought. It appears that the development of a woodland style of gardening will be one important way in which the Missouri Botanical Garden will, in the future, be able to expand and diversify its living collections which will both enrich the aesthetic and scientific value of our institution. John E. Elsley Curator of Hardy Plants C.C. Johnson Spink — A Dedicated Member of the Garden’s Board of Trustees Mr. C. C. Johnson Spink is a current member of the Garden’s Board of Trustees whose name was in- advertently omitted from a roster of past and current trustees in the April Bulletin. Mr. Spink, editor and publisher of The Sporting News, has contributed his time and expertise as a Board member since his election to the Garden’s governing body in 1974. Since January, 1975, he has been chairman of the Arboretum Committee. In addition to devoting his energies to the Garden, Mr. Spink is a board member on numerous St. Louis area civic organizations, including the St. Louis Symphony and the St. Louis Sports Hall of Fame. PARENT-CHILD DAY AT ARBORETUM ON SUNDAY, JUNE 6, FOR MEMBERS The Arboretum will offer a Parent-Child Day on Sunday, June 6, for Garden Members. This special event is for the whole family and promises to be an enjoyable and informative family outing. Special guest instructors and Arboretum staff members will work with small groups of families at a variety of crafts and activities designed to promote the family’s appreciation of the great outdoor world of plants and wildlife. An activities schedule will be available at the Arboretum’s Visitor Center. Families are invited to bring a sack lunch and spend the day. Lemonade will be available. The Arboretum’s 2200 acres of tranquil Ozark landscape provide an ideal setting for this special family event which is being offered again this year in response to the successful 1975 Parent-Child program titled “Sense of Wonder.” June Hutson, Chairman Arboretum Members Events Gladys Yates, A Volunteer Who knows Her Business! Every one of our volunteer workers deserves to be singled out for unselfish devotion to the Garden. One such individual is Gladys Yates, who gives her time to the Garden’s business office twice weekly. Gladys’s thirty years of experience in accounting and bookkeeping makes her a_ particularly valuable member of the staff. Gladys’s home is most convenient, situated only a pleasant one block walk from the Garden's front gate. This location is no accident, having been selected to provide a suitable setting for daily constitutionals, taken by Mr. and Mrs. Yates in the park-like at- mosphere of the Botanical Garden’s grounds. Even when she is not working at the Garden, Gladys can be seen strolling through the grounds, enjoying the changing face of the Garden, observing the constant progress of the Japanese Garden and the other projects under way; she is excited at the progress being made under current leadership. Gladys provides us with a good example of one who repays with her own special talents, the gifts bestowed by the Missouri Botanical Garden. It is a pleasure to salute her and all her fellow volunteers. Carol Taxman Chairman of Volunteers Member of The Arts and Education Fund of Greater St.Louis Neighborhood Tour of Historic Homes on May 15 Will Visit Town House and Tower Grove House Henry Shaw’s Town House and Tower Grove House are two of the sites included on the Shaw Neighborhood Improvement Association's annual tour of historic homes on Saturday, May 15, from 10:00 A.M. to 4:00 P.M. Tickets for the tour, which is open to the public, are available at the Garden Gate Shop and Tower Grove House, at $3.50 each before May 15, and $4.00 on the day of the tour. Other highlights of the day will be a guided tour of the privately owned former residence of Henry Shaw's sister, located in Shaw Place, and aview of the city from the pinnacle of the historic Reservoir Park Watertower on Grand Avenue which will be opened for the first time in three decades. Group rates are available on request. Contact John L. Drew III, 772-0040. Tne out one of then new ‘strollers are Garden members Mr. and Mrs. Fred L. Schmidt and their daughter, Pamela. Main Gate To Rent Strollers for Toddlers Five strollers for toddlers will be available for rental at the Main Gate during May, June, July and August. Rental charge per stroller is $1.50, seventy-five cents School district superintendents of the St. Louis Suburban Area of which will be refunded when the stroller is returned Cooperating School Districts Inc. recently conducted a meeting at to the Main Gate. the Garden. The organization, which represents 26 member school districts within St. Louis County, directly contributes to many This newest service of the Garden is another of Garden and Arboretum education programs. Pictured, from left, are continuing efforts to respond to public need and Dr. Peter H. Raven, Robert Elsea, Executive Director of the facilitate visitors’ enjoyment of the Garden. Cooperating School Districts, David Goudy and Kenneth Peck. MARCH TRIBUTES of Memes oF vio Wallsog C. Gundlach " Mammary of Mrs. Emily Menke Inor an arilyn azzoni & rs. Kennet . Lissant In Honor of Mr./Mrs. Stanley Gitt’s In Memory of George A. Hern In Memory of Dorothy McClaskey 25th Anniversary Mr./Mrs. D. R. Niederlander Mr./Mrs. Edw. Heichelbeck Margery and Malcolm Steiner In Memory of Robert Jeske In Memory of Thomas Parry In Honor of Mrs. William J. Hedley Mr./Mrs. G. C. Bradshaw petone) and Mc. ans Smy yeer Board of Religious Organization ; ; n Memory of Mr. Norman In Memory of Mrs. Eva G. Blayney Hig 2 oe =e Schaumburg Gloria and Ed Hogbin Claire and Dick Marx Mrs, Theodore C. Eggers In Memory of aca Ingram F. Boyd, Sr. In Memory of Mrs. Frank T. Schleicher Mrs. Robert S. Mendelsohn Mr./Mrs. Carl L.A. Beckers vies St lesa ani dad In Memory of Carl and Helen Koerner ee ue ee Mr./Mrs. Paul P. Mueller ares Mr. Charles B. Wheeler : Mr./Mrs. Harry Wuertenbaecher, Jr. In Memory of Mabelle Erickson a Wen ee must peopel te milney M. Shoenberg Mrs. Katie Kuhn rae ur unn Harriette Steuber In Memory of Marjorie Frank Lesser In Memory of br. H. E. Wiedemann In Memory of Dr. Spencer Freeman Colonel and Mrs. R. E. Smyser Charles S. Fox Mrs. C. Harry Pujol In Memory of Mr. Donald Mapes August H. Homeyer in Memory of John be ents Louis and Scott Ittner R. M. Morriss, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Lloyd W. H In Memory of Lucy Mason Gerald F. Pauley In Memory of es rl Griffith St. Louis Herb Society Leo G. Peck Lt. Col. and Mrs. Willis L. Mog In Memory of Mr. Walter R. Mayne Arthur S. Schwarz Delphine and Hardin Smith Mrs. Jerome F. Kircher Benjamin E. Thomas NEW HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATES MEMBERSHIP MARCH 1976 Miss Harriet J. Tatman NEW SUSTAINING MEMBERSHIP MARCH 1976 Mr./Mrs. Wm. F. Klipsch, Jr. NEW CONTRIBUTING MEMBERSHIP MARCH 1976 Mr./Mrs. Melvin T. Rector NEW REGULAR MEMBERSHIPS MARCH 1976 Mr. David M. Adams Mr./Mrs. Lowell R. Andrew Mrs. May Ault Mr./Mrs. Charles F. Baker Mr./Mrs. Denis Ball Mr./Mrs. Stuart A. Bartfeld Drs. Ronald / Pamela Beach Mrs. Jeannie Blacklock Mr./Mrs. Robert G. Blanquart Mr./Mrs. Brian Borofka Mr./Mrs. G. M. Brashear Ms. Alice Faye Brown Mr./Mrs. M. A. Brown Ms. Stella C. Brown Dr./Mrs. Kenneth Bruns Mr./Mrs. John A. Brutcher Rev./Mrs. A. J. Buehner Mr./Mrs. Donald E. Burrus Mr./Mrs. Charles Campbell Mr./Mrs. Thomas R. Caples Mr./Mrs. Homer D. Carter Ms. Barbara J. Carton Mr. John R. Christensen Mrs. Jill M. Clayton Mr./Mrs. Earle W. Clifford Ms. Heather Collins Mr./Mrs. Edward J. Courry Mr. Kenneth G. Culver Mr./Mrs. Charles M. DeBlois Mr./Mrs. R. F. Denison Mr./Mrs. D. Deufel Mrs. Elsie H. Downey Mr./Mrs. Saul A. Dubinsky Miss Ruth A. Dunham Mr./Mrs. Herman Easterly, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Searles Edwards Mr./Mrs. Frank A. Enger Mr./Mrs. M. H. Erlich Mr./Mrs. Oliver E. Evertz Mr./Mrs. Richard J. Fischer Mr./Mrs. Richard Franc Mr./Mrs. James R. Frankson Ms. Gwendolyn A. Fyfe Mr./Mrs. Frank Garner Mr./Mrs. Robert J. Garrecht Mr./Mrs. Walter A. Garrett, Jr. Miss Frances E. Gilbert Mrs. Martha S. Greg Mr./Mrs. R. Warren Gribben Mr./Mrs. Arnold Grobman Mr./Mrs. Raymond L. Gross Mr./Mrs. James H. Hardt Mr./Mrs. Harold W. Hegel Mr./Mrs. James A. Heise Mr./Mrs. R. K. Helfrich Mr./Mrs. Norman L. Hente Mr./Mrs. Albert R. Hoersch Mr./Mrs. Jim Hoffmeister Ms. Rozane B. Holtzman Mr./Mrs. David Honigberg Ms. Nancy Hope Mr./Mrs. J. M. Hubenschmidt Mr./Mrs. Dorsey W. Hurst Mr./Mrs. J. D. Huxford Mr./Mrs. Ronald Jamieson Mr./Mrs. Jack Jennings Mrs. Mary P. Kast Mr./Mrs. Norman W. Kathrinus Dr./Mrs. Maurice J. Keller Mr./Mrs. Timothy J. Kelley Mr./Mrs. Clarence C. Kelly Mr./Mrs. Victor F. Kern Mr./Mrs. Benjamin C. Klene Or./Mrs. Fred A. Kramer Mr./Mrs. Gerhardt Kramer Mr./Mrs. Anthony Kulczycki, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Orr Lacy Mrs. Martin Lammert IV Lady Slipper Garden Club Ms. Ellen Mackey Mr./Mrs. Emmett J. Manion Mr./Mrs. John C. Martz, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Edward M. Mason Mr./Mrs. Ronald R. Mater Mrs. Warren J. Matthews Mr./Mrs. C. S. Mazar Mr./Mrs. Robert A. McQuie Mr./Mrs. Richard L. Meirink Mr./Mrs. James L. Meyer Capt./Mrs. Thomas R. Mikolajcik Dr./Mrs. Thomas R. Moon Mr. Ramon J. Morganstern Mr./Mrs. Marvin E. Mueller Mr./Mrs. Victor J. Murphy Mr. Stephen P. Naber Mr. Charles A. Nester, Sr. Mr. Michael E. O’Neal Mr./Mrs. Gino Pellarin Mr./Mrs. W. J. Peniston Patricia F. Pepe, M.S.W. Miss Kathy D. Perdue Dr./Mrs. Vincent P. Perna Mr./Mrs. J. R. Pfaff, Jr. Dr./Mrs. Walter R. Pfitzinger Mr./Mrs. H. S. Pruett, Jr. Ms. Ellen Pusateri Mr./Mrs. Carl F. Rogge Mr. Earl Rosen, Jr. Mrs. Carolyn Roth Mr. Mathias Safran Ms. Ruth Lee Saunders Mrs. Ruth Schmitt Mrs. W. R. Schneider Mr./Mrs. Brian L. Scott Dr./Mrs. Bharat K. Shah Mr./Mrs. Martin E. Sheets, Jr. Dr./Mrs. Damon C. Shelton Mr./Mrs. Robert Srenco Mr./Mrs. Lloyd R. Streiff Mr./Mrs. Donald L. Tate Mr./Mrs. Edmond J. Thomas Mr./Mrs. Terry M. Turner Mr./Mrs. Roger F. Urban Mr./Mrs. S. VanSteenbergh Mr./Mrs. John Vincenzo Mr. Joseph A. Waeltermann Mr./Mrs. John F. Walker Mr./Mrs. James J. Weaver Mr./Mrs. Virgil W. Weiss Mr./Mrs. Stanton L. White Mr. Richard Wildgrube Mrs. C. T. Wilson Mr./Mrs. Raymond Wittcoff Miss Ruth J. Wohlgemuth Mr./Mrs. Nelson Wolf Mrs. Ira Young Dr./Mrs. Robert C. Young Mr./Mrs. Janis B. Zvargulis INCREASE IN MEMBERSHIP CONTRIBUTIONS MARCH 1976 SUSTAINING Mr./Mrs. John McPheeters CONTRIBUTING Mr./Mrs. Downing B. Jenks Mr./Mrs. Edwin S. Jones Mr./Mrs. Robert E. Kresko REGULAR Mrs. Ralph Appel Mr./Mrs. Proctor H. Avon Miss D. Jane Hamilton Dr./Mrs. E. L. Miller Miss Marjorie A. Toon Mrs. Frank Vickery Mr./Mrs. W. Grant Williams MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 2345 Tower Grove Avenue Saint. Louis, Missouri 63110 SECOND-CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT ST. LOUIS, MO. issourl otanical arden ulletin ’, oe - “Rares om 8, at inne, q > N we ae JQ it Volume LXIV. Number 6 June 1976 Heritage and History Frank Meyer — A Colorful Contributor to Advancement of Botany Frank Nicholas Meyer was born in 1875 in The Netherlands. From childhood he had a great interest in plants and developed a love for travel, preferably on foot. At one time in his youth he walked from Holland to Italy and nearly lost his life in the Alps. Before he came to the United States in 1900, he worked as head gardener for the famous botanist Hugo De Vries in the Amsterdam Botanic Garden. From 1900 to 1905, when he joined the staff of the United States Department of Agriculture, he traveled throughout the southern United States and northern Mexico, on foot. From July, 1904 until July, 1905 he worked at the Missouri Botanical Garden, presumably also as gardener/hor- ticulturist. On July 29, 1904, he wrote to friends: “At last | found a nice position again. | am going to work next Monday in the Missouri Botanical Gardens. | hope it will be satisfactory on both sides. It isa good thing | got this place, for financially | am in pretty bad shape.” While he was at the Garden he came to the attention of Dr. David Fairchild of the Office of Seed and Plant Introduction of the United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C., who was looking fora qualified man to send to China for the purpose of collecting seeds and cultivated plants. Frank Meyer seemed to fill the bill. He was trained in botany, loved to travel, was a good linguist and even a Buddhist! He was selected to go plant collecting in eastern Asia. This was a newly created position with a look to obtain seeds and plants for a greater and hardier variety of grains, fruits and vegetables for the colder parts of the United States. Frank Meyer made four trips to China and stayed each time approximately three years. He introduced into the United States a large number of species of food and ornamental plants which had not been cultivated here before. He discovered the maidenhair tree (Ginkgo biloba), he found a new lilac (Syringa meyeri) and all in all introduced more than 2,000 species of useful and ornamental plants. On his last trip to China he was caught up in the civil wars and confined for several months in Ichang. In Institute for Botanical Documentation. ) May, 1918 he was able to escape and to walk to the village where he had previously stored his baggage and collections, and finally caught a boat to Hankow. He never arrived there. He disappeared from the steamer during the night of June 1 to 2, 1918 and his body was later found 30 miles above Wu-hu. It was never determined whether he fell from board, was pushed or possibly committed suicide. Dr. John L. Creech, Director of the United States National Arboretum, Washington, D.C., who visited China last year, intended to look for Frank Meyer's grave in Shanghai. He was driven by the site of the Bubbling Wells Cemetery; however, the cemetery had been abandoned and turned into a public park. Dr. Creech found the small cemetery church still intact, but nothing remained of the grave sites and he was not permitted to enter the grounds. Carla Lange Assistant Librarian The English Woodland Garden was dedicated as a Bicentennial project during outdoor ceremonies on Tuesday, May 4. After Dr. Peter H. Raven, Director of the Missouri Botanical Garden, welcomed over 400 invited guests, Mr. Tom K. Smith, President of the Board of Trustees, introduced Missouri Governor Christopher S. Bond, who delivered remarks, and Professor John Heslop-Harrison, Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England, who presented the dedication adaress. FRONT COVER After the dignitaries cut the red-white-and-blue ribbon, Officially opening the new two-acre garden, guests walked along its shaded pathways and proceeded to a reception near the Lehmann Building. Mr. H. Parker Smith and Mrs. Shadrach F. Morris were co-chairmen of program events for the day. The English Woodland Garden was designed by John E. Elsley, Curator of Hardy Plants at The Missouri Botanical Garden. The Alexander Calder Sculpture, “Five Rudders,” will be displayedin the lily pond this summer, courtesy of the Steinberg Gallery at Washington University, Graham W. J. Beal, Director. DONATIONS BEING SOUGHT FOR PURCHASE OF PORTRAITS OF FAMOUS BOTANISTS The Garden’s Library has recently been offered an outstanding collection of portraits of famous botanists from the period 1750-1840. There are more than fifty portraits in this collection of engravings and lithographs, including twenty-five rare portraits of Linneaus, the Swedish botanist who first systematized botanical description. The prices for individual por- traits range from $10 to $175 each, with the total collection being priced at $4,000. Donations are being sought to purchase all or part of the collection for addition to our already substantial group of botanical portraits. Members interested in contributing toward the purchase of these materials are invited to contact Dr. Peter H. Raven, Director, or James Reed, Head Librarian. Contributions to the Garden are tax deducti- ble. Cactus Society Show Aug. 28 — Sept. 6 The Henry Shaw Cactus Society will hold its annual show in the Floral Display House from Saturday, August 28, through Monday, September 6. Hours are from 2 p.m. to5 p.m. on August 28 and from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. all other days except September 6, when the show closes at 4:30 p.m. The theme will be “Americana,” and cacti and succulents of the American scene will be featured. Arrangements, decorative classes, specimen plants, educational and junior classes will be displayed. Society members will give programs on the culture of cacti and succulents on Monday through Friday. Plants will be available for purchase, as will soil mixture, stationery, macrame hangers and other items relating to the hobby of cultivating cacti. Jack D. Pavia, Garden Staff Member, Dies A valued employee of the Garden, whose competent, genial service ranged from being Santa Claus at parties for Members’ children to performing intricate tasks in maintaining Garden equipment, died of a stroke on March 23. He was Jack D. Pavia, age 49. Jack joined the maintenance staff in 1963, left fora time for other employment, then returned in 1965 to take up residence at the Garden with his wife, Connie, and their daughter Jackie. Other survivors include three married daughters and five grandchildren. A native of St. Louis, Jack attended Central High School and served in the United States Navy for 19 years. He was decorated for military service in both World War II and the Korean War. Jack gave of himself to the Garden with as much dedication as he served his country. Although his official duties were in Maintenance, and he responded swiftly to myriad calls for mechanical assistance from all departments, he rendered special help at social and cultural functions, particularly those of the Members Department. Exchanging his work-a-day uniform fora spiffy red sports jacket, tie, white shirt and slacks. Jack oversaw behind-the-scenes operations at Preview Parties, helped direct the flow of people traffic, assisted television crews with electronic equipment, and tended bar with expertise and... his ever-engaging smile. Jack’s service to the Garden is an example long to be remembered. He will be sorely missed by his colleagues, family and friends. 4 “ > ee ~ tes 7 . . _ < eo . z » - . a giy. me, es Se “ tA ” i asl ° is we a> Jack Pavia, right, enjoyed helping out at all Garden functions. This 1972 photograph shows him with Maintenance Head Jim Hampton festively preparing food at the Staff Picnic. Gardening in St. Louis Seat GARDENING IN JUNE This month, the garden is now coming into its full glory; annuals planted earlier are now beginning to bloom. Many of the perennials that flowered earlier have stopped flowering and should be pruned back. Many of the low growing early flowering perennials need to be cut back severely, such as, Alyssum, Arbis, Rock cress, and Candytuft, to insure new bracts and keep the plants very compact and neat looking. Where gaps exist on the border, annuals still may be set out or in many of these areas, can be planted by seed direct using some of the Marigolds and Zinnias which come on so well from seed sown direct and other early flowering annuals. Many of these will flower in 6 to 8 weeks giving continual bloom in areas that would otherwise be bare and open to weed growth. More mulching should be applied to all parts of the garden, particularly to vegetable areas to control weeds and moisture as well as soil temperatures. Remember to remove faded or spent blooms from the roses cutting back where necessary to reshape the plant and to encourage stronger, better growth. Perennials should not be allowed to go to seed unless seed is wanted to start new plants, otherwise it tends to weaken the plants. The Month To Prune This is an ideal month to consider pruning; hedges, evergreens and deciduous types trimmed in formal fashion should now have the growth cut back to the desired height and shape. Remember to keep all hedges wider at the base and narrow toward the topso that they have the advantage of full light and rain which should come occasionally. Pruning of all early flowering shrubs should be completed as soon as possible. In some cases, remove one or two of the older canes from Forsythia, Quince, Mock Orange, and others so that over the period of the next two or three years you renovate your shrubs completely encouraging new growth and controlling the height. Remember in pruning to make select cuttings at various heights rather than giving that crew cut appearance. Pruning of trees, including fruit trees, can be done this month. Now that they are in full leaf, itis a matter of pruning out the water or soft growth or some thinning thinning to allow for better light and aeration through the plants. Liquid Fertilizer Liquid fertilizing may now be needed in various parts of the garden to stimulate added growth. Roses which have peaked with the first lot of bloom may benefit by a liquid feeding. In applying liquid fertilizer, follow the recommendations and apply liberally around the base of the plants. Powder fertilizer should be applied carefully around the plants and then watered in immediately; if it is allowed to sit on the plants, it will Cause burning. Container grown plant material, such as _ roses, shrubs and even small trees can be set out as long as the roots are not disturbed and the plants are watered in well. Again, be sure to dig the holes twice the size needed supplying good soil with equal amounts of organic matter and no fertilizer. Mulching heavily with 3 to 4 inches and keeping them watered at regular intervals will give good growth later in the season. Container grown plants need not only regular waterings, but extra feeding to keep them in good condition. Flowering annuals should be fertilized at least once a week, when the soil is moderately moist. Trees and shrubs in containers should receive regular feedings up to the first of August. These have limited root growth and therefore use up fertilizer much faster. Normal trees and shrubs grown outdoors should not be fertilized after the first of June because too much growth may be stimulated and cause the plants not to harden off in the fall. Container grown material, on the other hand, uses up fertilizer very rapidly and will harden off properly fertilized plants up to the first of August. ‘Rose a on Friday, June 4 Preview Party and Dedication of Lehmann Rose Garden “Rose Evening,” a preview party for Members of the Garden, will be held Friday, June 4, from 5:30 to 7:30 p.m. The party, which will be presented on the Garden grounds where Members can stroll among the lux- uriant, blooming rose displays, is sponsored by Aspen Amercian Motors Corporation/Jeep, Inc., 3600 S. Kingshighway. There will be refreshments and special enter- tainment The highlight of the evening will be the dedication of the Lehmann Rose Garden, honoring Mrs. John S. Lehmann, at 6:15 p.m. “Rose Evening” is the premiere Members’ event of the Garden's rose season, which opens following the two-day show, on Saturday, May 29, and Sunday, May 30, of the Rose Society of Greater St. Louis, The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN is publish- ed 11 issues per year monthly except August, by the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. M. P. CRONIN, Editor SUBSCRIPTION RATES: $5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign. How Many Botany Books Did Thomas Jefferson Own? by Joseph Ewan Five botany books that Jefferson owned shown here in matching opened at title pages. Persoon’s Enchiridium in two volumes, topped copies. Humboldt’s classic on plant geography in the foreground. by Miller's Gardener's Dictionary, eighth edition. Michaux’s folio on American oaks and Tournefort’s Institutiones, “| rank [botany] with the most valuable sciences,” wrote Thomas Jefferson,” whether we consider its subjects as furnishing the principal subsistence of life to man and beast, delicious varieties for our tables, refreshments from our orchards, the adornments of our flower-borders, shade and perfume of our groves, materials for our buildings, or medicaments for our bodies.” From this quotation you will see that Jefferson was looking at botany not so much thru the hand-lens as with the paring knife and market basket. He did come to the recreational view when he said “no country gentleman should be without what amuses every step he takes into his fields.” He has often been called a Renaissance man, devoted tothe antiquarian as well as the novel, and he was certainly the “scientific scout for America.” Of all the sides of Jefferson his botanical interests have been little noticed. Millicent Sowerby, his bibliographer, summed up when she wrote, Jefferson “never ceased to grow, and consequently our knowledge of him can never be considered complete.” Imagine receiving 1267 letters in one’s 77th year alone! And he lived six years after that. Jefferson — A Bibliophile If you would know aman’s real interests, inspect his library. Jefferson bought books, directly and through his agents and friends; he sought out particular editions, and solicited help from his overseas cor- respondents to keep him informed — he was a bibliophile. And yet he did not buy antiquarian items for their own sake, but collected botany books to read and to consult. He did not use a bookplate but initialed his books internally at the signature marked “I” (since the J was not in use), and at‘“T’”, andso perhaps copies of Jefferson’s books may still be overlooked. From his handwritten catalogue of 1783, and the printed catalogue prepared in November 1815 at the time of the sale of his books to the Library of Congress, which was being started anew after the British had burned it inthe War of 1812, and from records of his letters, etc., Miss Sowerby reconstructed a collection of nearly 5,000 volumes. Another tragedy came in 1851 when fire in the Library of Congress destroyed 2/3 of his books. Of all the botany books Jefferson had owned, only one title, Muhlenberg’s Cata/ogus of 1813, survived. When Miss Sowerby was compiling the 5-volume inventory of Jefferson's library | talked with her about the history of his collection. She believed that those books not burned in that 1851 fire were picked up and carried off, or were so water soaked as to have been discarded. This sale of 1815 had been of his second library. Jefferson’s first library was destroyed in 1770 — he was 27 then — when his mother’s mansion burned. As Randolph Adams has commented, “it almost seems as though some ghostly pyromaniac had pursued Mr. Jefferson all of his days.” After he had sold his second library he began selecting 8000 titles for his planned ne par PT Redan. QUERCUS Banilleri. University of Virginia, and half of these were lost in the burning of the Rotunda in 1895. This detail is to underline Jefferson’s enthusiasm for books. Linnaeus Has Largest Representation The whole story of Jefferson’s botany books cannot be told here — only some remarks on the 38 botanical titles, these apart from books on horticulture or agriculture, two subjects he also read and collected with vigor. Sixteen of his botany books were in Latin — dating from a 1549 Dioscorides to Muhlenberg’s check-list of American plants, the presentation copy that | mentioned above as having survived. He purchased a 1644 Theophrastus, a 1769 Oeder, a 1731 Boerhaave, and the 3-volume 1719 Tournefort /n- stitutiones. The botanical author with the largest representation was Linnaeus — nine titles, including the Critica and the Flora lapponica, both published in 1737. Other Linnaean items in Jefferson’s library were the 1763 Philosophia, 1764 Genera, 1762 Species plantarum, 1786 Fundamenta, 1771 Mantissa, and two English language titles, the 1782 Svstem and 1785 Sexes of plants, edited by James Edward Smith. This exceptional collection of Linnaeana, surely the largest private collection in America by 1815, was due to his QUERCUS macrocarpa Proscine’ par BF Hed The celebrated Redoute and his brother Henri-Joseph drew the oaks for Michaux’s memoir; the overcup oak, above, and Banister’s, on the left. Michaux based the name on Banister’s description of a dwarf Virginia oak. purchase of Rev. Samuel Henley’s books in 1785. Henley taught at the College of William and Mary but returned to England on the eve of the Revolution. His interest in Linnaeus may have been related to his studies of biblical commentary. | cannot discover that Henley ever wrote a paper on his evident interest in Linnaeus. Of the 13 books on botany written in English which Jefferson owned, nine were purchased, including Parkinson’s Theatrum of 1640 — someone may discover Jefferson’s ownership recorded in this book still rather common today. He owned the New York imprint of Erasmus Darwin's Botanic Garden 1798, and Rousseau’s Letters on the Elements of Botany (1785). On April 24, 1786, Jefferson visited James Lee’s nursery at Hammersmith then outside London, purchased American plants for a friend in Tours, and evidently acquired the nursery catalogue of 1784 on that visit. That Jefferson was not keenly aware of color values in plates of different editions is shown by the fact he owned the first edition of Catesby’s Natural History, which carries the plates done under Mark Catesby’s own supervision, and exchanged it in 1789 for the second edition. Singularly in Notes on Virginia Jefferson mentions that the “coloring [of the second edition] . . . is generally too high,” and, indeed, that is true when copies of the first, second, and third editions are compared side by side. Jefferson gave his philosophy of book collecting to the Baltimore bookseller, William Fleischer, “my own collection furnishing things o/d and my time not permitting me to read but what is good. The title will enable me to judge whether the subject interests me.” Some of the books Jefferson owned are known solely from his record. John Randolph, Jr. a kinsman, published a Treatise on Gardening in Richmond in 1793, but no copy is known today. John Gardiner, a Georgetown publisher, reprinted Randolph's text within his own American Gardener in 1818. Did Gardiner once own a copy of Randolph's Treatise from which he took the text? Another puzzle is what edition of Valmont de Bomare’s Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturelle Jefferson owned for in his manuscript catalogue he recorded nine volumes in duodecimo but no such edition of that little consulted but highly useful reference work is known. Among Jefferson’s books there is alost hortus siccus assembled by Captain Jacob Crowninshield of Salem, who sailed the seven seas from 1790 to 1796, visiting the West Indies, Calcutta, and Mauritius. He brought back the first live elephant to be seen in the United States in April, 1796, but at thirty one he docked his ship for politics. Crowninshield went from the Massachusetts State senate to United States Congress but he died at thirty eight while Congress was in session. After his death a dried plant collection was sent to Jefferson by their mutual friend, the Unitarian Rev. William Bentley, who also sent drawings made by Miss Crowninshield. We know only Jefferson’s description of both the herbarium and the drawings: “I have certainly never seen anything, in either way, equally perfect, and! esteem them as models which will not, | believe be exceeded.” What of Jefferson’s Knowledge of Botany? But what of Jefferson’s actual knowledge of botany? Was he interested in botanical detail? He included 129 plants in his Notes on the State of Virginia published in Paris in 1784-85. He had based his identifications on Gronovius’ Flora Virginica, second edition, which in turn had been based on the researches of Virginia’s two pioneer botanists, John Banister and John Clayton. There was a copy of Flora Virginica in his purchase of Rev. Henley’s library in 1785, but that was in Virginia, and he was then in Paris. That suggests he must have used a library copy. We knowhe bought asecond copy of Flora Virginica from his Paris bookseller in 1787. Although we cannot now gain firsthand answers from annotations that he may have made in his own SYNOPSIS PLANTARUM, SEU NCHIRIDIUM BOTANICUM, UMERATIONEM SYSTEMATICAM SPECIERUM NHUCUSQUER COGNITARUM Ds. CC. PERSOON, PARS PRIMA a PARISIIS LUTETIORUM, Persoon’s Synopsis or Enchirldium was a remarkable attempt to digest the world’s floras in two closely printed handbooks. copies, we do see that his interest moved him to purchase four-fifths of the botany books in his library. Jefferson’s understanding of botany and particularly plant classification may be seen in a persuasive letter he wrote to Dr. John Manners in 1814 evidently in reply to his correspondent’s query as to why Jefferson would cling to the Linnaean artificial scheme of classification over the natural system of Jussieu which was then being talked about. “Il adhere to the Linnaean [system],” Jefferson wrote, ‘because it is sufficientas a groundwork; admits of supplementary insertions, as new productions are discovered, and mainly because it has got into so general use that it will not be easy to displace it.” He listed three advantages offered by the Linnaean system: first, of aiding the memory to retaina knowledge of plants, secondly, “of rallying all to the same names for the same objects, so that [one] could communicate understandingly on them,” and, thirdly, of enabling the inquirer to trace an unknown by its characters “up to the conventional name by which it was agreed to be called.” “Linnaeus’ method was received, understood, and conventionally settled among the learned and was even getting into common use. To disturb it then was unfortunate, the newsystem attempted in botany by Jussieu [is a] subiect of the same regret ... Wildenow and Persoon have incor- porated into Linnaeus the new discovered plants.” Jefferson’s position in science may be called that of a Cautious liberal, “with an evident reluctance at times to break with obsolescent beliefs.” He accepted Linnaeus for the practical use that the scheme of counting stamens and pistils for identification could offer. Jefferson was always motivated by the pragmatic, the functional, in such matters. It is reasonable to think he examined the nine Linnaean titles he owned and was impressed, as others of his contemporaries were, with the appeal of the sexual system. For botanical questions Jefferson most frequently consulted Philip Miller's Gardener’s Dictionary, eighth edition, which followed the Linnaean arrangement. Humphry Marshall twenty years later also arranged his inventory of American trees by the Linnaean scheme. When writing to William Randolph in Boston on the plan for a botanic garden for a public school, Jefferson advised that any method for classifying plants “cannot be but artificial, that of Linné is good enough and easy.” Nomenclature was not to be confused with the “true science” which groups plants by “different orders of affinity in which nature has distributed them.” “It is incredible” he added, “what consequence this new study [Jussieu’s Natural System] has had in so shorta time, on all the arts that depend upon the knowledge of vegetables.” It was just about the year of Jefferson’s death, 1826, that John Torrey first used the Natural System in an American botany book. Jefferson and Benjamin Smith Barton Like “pictures at an exhibition” let me select authors who presented copies of their botanical writings to Jefferson and sketch in their backgrounds. Benjamin Smith Barton was the best-known native American botanist, a friend of Jefferson’s, and his associate inthe American Philosophical Society. On at least one occasion he borrowed Jefferson’s copy of Persoon’'s Enchiridium. Jefferson selected Barton to prepare the natural history report for the Lewis and Clark expedi- tion, but Barton died in 1815 at the age of 49 before succeeding. Barton shared Jefferson's enthusiasm for books, and like him, was a voluminous correspondent. He was the author of the first textbook of botany published in the United States. In 1798 Barton dedicated his New Views with the declaration “I Know not that any person has paid so much attention to the subject [which this book] involves... . | am confident, from my personal acquaintance with you, that you are anxious for the discovery of the truth, and ardent to embrace it, in whatever form it may present itself. It is the jewel which all good and wise men are in pursuit of. It is the punctum saliens of science.” When in 1792 Barton proposed the genus Jeffersonia, he insisted he had “no reference to [Jefferson’s] political character, or to his reputation for general science, and literature. My business,” Barton said, “was his knowledge of natural history. In the various departments of this science, but especially in botany and in zoology, the information of this gentleman is equalled by that of few persons in the United States.” After the return of the Lewis and Clark party from the Pacific Northwest Barton asked Jefferson if, pursuant to his continuing interest in Indian languages, he could furnish a sample of Pawnee vocabulary. We know that Barton visited Monticello at least once, for on Sept. 22, 1806, Robert Fulton wrote Charles Willson Peale that Barton was “philosophizing with the President” there. In August, 1808, when the President’s grandson, Thomas Jeffer- son Randolph, was to be sent to Philadelphia “to attend lectures in those branches of science which cannot be so advantageously taught anywhere else in America” he asked Doctors Wistar and Barton if lodging might be had for him among the faculty there. It was the practice for some members of the University of Pennsylvania faculty to take in selected students during the lecture period; whether Dr. Barton ever replied we do not know, but Dr. Wistar wrote Jefferson that Charles Willson Peale would accept Mr. Randolph as a “boarder.” Fora 12 dollar fee the grandson enrolledina natural history course with Dr. Barton that Fall and for 20 dollars, for anatomy “with benefit of actual dissections” with Dr. Wistar. Jefferson wrote Barton, October 12th, 1808, that his grandson’s “natural turn is very strongly to the objects of [Barton’s] courses.” Jefferson was dismayed at the protracted delays in the appearance of the Lewis and Clark natural history discoveries. In April, 1813, he asked Barton, “when shall we have your book on American botany, and when the 1st volume of Lewis and Clarke’s travels?” But Barton, who suffered from alternate bouts with gout and with the University of Pennsylvania faculty, could not satisfy Jefferson’s hopes, and in a letter to Alexander von Humboldt in December of that year, Jefferson lamented “the botanical and zoological discoveries of Lewis will probably experience greater delay, and become known to the world through other channels before that volume will be ready.” Jefferson had a special friendship for Bernard M’Mahon, the Philadelphia nurseryman, whom he had delegated to watch over the plant novelties brought back by Lewis and Clark. Jefferson divided the seeds between M’Mahon and William Hamilton who main- tained an estate garden called the Woodlands now in present day Philadelphia. M’Mahon presented a copy of his American Gardener's Calendar (1806) to Jefferson who replied he had no doubt “it will be found an useful aid to the friends of an art, too important to health and comfort and yet too much neglected in this country.” Jefferson bought a second copy of the Gardener's Calendar two years later for $3.50. French Correspondents “| have never seen a reason why every farmer should not have a sugar orchard, as well as an apple orchard,” Jefferson wrote to a correspondent in France in 1808. An advocate of maple sugar through his lifetime, Jefferson joined with Dr. Benjamin Rush in stressing the advantages of its use in a paper published by the American Philosophical Society. Maple sugar was Tournefort's dissections of flowers — tobacco, for example — clarify the characters of plant families. used exclusively at his Monticello table. Frangois Michaux, could furnish plants and seeds of the sugar maple. It was Francois’ father, André, who introduced Albizzia, called “Silktree” by Jefferson. And André was to lead a western reconnaissance in 1792 only to be suspected a French spy and recalled. Theson Francois evidently enjoyed Jefferson’s friendship over the years. Francois gave Jefferson a copy of his natural history of forest trees. With his thanks Jefferson remarked, “| sincerely wish. . . that the citizens of the United States may not be wanting in due encouragement to it. Nothing should be spared which | could do to befriend it.” During Jefferson’s Paris years he visited private cabinets and royal collections, and sought the promi- nent figures in natural history, Buffon, Daubenton, Lacépedé, and particularly André Thouin and Madame Noailles de Tessé, cousin of Lafayette. Her letters — and there were more botanical letters between them than any other French correspondent — often included plant lists, desiderata, and exchanges of seeds for her “botanical paradise.” Jefferson gave Monroe, who was then on a mission to Paris, and whom he identified as “my close, my best friend, & the honestest man on earth,” a letter to deliver, confiding, ‘| own, my dear Madame, that | cannot but admire your courage in undertaking now to plant trees. It has always been my passion; insomuch that | rarely ever planted a flowerin my life.” He added, “I! believe | shall become a florist” after returning to Monticello. The War of 1812 with its blockade of Philadelphia interrupted the exchange of seeds and books with his French correspondents, but Thouin’s parcel of seeds arrived and was sent on to M’Mahon since Jefferson felt that the chances for their successful cultivation was greatest under M’Mahon’s care. On one occasion Thouin, “a great admirer of America,” sent Jefferson 700 species. Clearly this was one of the chief avenues of horticultural exchange between France and America in this era. Other French connections included Raffeneau- Delile, onetime vice consul at Wilmington, North Carolina, whose writings on the Egyptian flora are classic. Then there was Palisot de Beauvois, described by Jefferson as a “literary friend and acquaintance of mine,” who under patronage of the Quaker physician, Caspar Wistar, prepared a catalogue of Peale’s museum in Philosophical Hall. Palisot de Beauvois first visited Philadelphia in 1791 after tramping about Benin and Old Calabar for fifteen months, sending plants and insects to Jussieu, and barely escaping fatal bouts of fever. Palisot de Beauvois is hardly typical of the closet botanist: teacher of French, musician who played ina circus troop, who was shipped with slaves across the Atlantic, survived a protracted voyage to Haiti, and who escaped execution there by the intercession of a mulattress. Who says systematic botany is dry as dust? Today with botanical libraries pretty generally accessible to us it is hard to imagine that in 1810 there was one copy of Persoon’s Synopsis plantarum, often called the Enchiridium, in the United States and so when Jefferson was presented with a copy by the author, Dr. Barton asked to borrow the duodecimos. When Jefferson posted the Persoon to Barton he explained that he was sending one volume at a time so as not to burden the mails! Dr. Barton proved the rule when five years later Jefferson had to write to Barton requesting its return. Alexander von Humboldt There were also Germans in Jefferson’s coterie of bookmen. Alexander von Humboldt was introduced to Jefferson at the infant Washington capital by Dr. Wistar in 1804. Jefferson was delighted with Humboldt, as was Dolly Madison, who wrote her sister, “we have lately had a great treat in the company of a charming Prussian Baron von Humboldt. All the ladies say they are in love with him, notwithstanding his want of personal charms. He is the most polite, modest, well- informed and interesting traveller we have ever met, and is much pleased with America.” He was Jefferson’s house guest and one morning he found Jefferson on the floor romping with his grandchildren. For a few moments Jefferson did not notice Humboldt standing there and when he stood and shook hands with him he said, ‘You've found me playing the fool, Baron, but I’m DE DISTRIBUTIONE ; GEOGRAPHICA | PLANTARUM PT ALTITUDINEM MONTIUM, Pa. | PROLEGOMENAS jg‘ AUCTORE * ro * Tg Mata ae | | | ‘ Hvac at alg tO : ALEXANDRO DE HUMBOLDT, *- INSTITUT. GALL. , SOC. LOND. , EDINS., PHILA} uT., +, HOLM., HAPN,, GOTTING,, MONAC,, +, VENET. , NAT. SCRUT. BOR. ET BERL, , WETTER, , CHAOL. SCOT. ET ROM GORENK., BELG., REL. SODA. A FER ACCEDIT 'TANULA AENEA, a LU'TETLAY Ps RISTORUM , "MN LIBRARIA GRECO- ATINO-GERMANICA via dicta rue des Fossés-Montmartre , n° 14 M. DCCC. AVI Humboldt's expanded essay on plant distribution of 1817, one of his gifts to Jefferson, included a chart of vertical zonation of vegetation that was to stimulate new topics of investigation. sure | don’t need to make any apology to you.’ Years later Jefferson opened Humboldt’s gift copy of his Tableaux de /a Nature (Paris, 1808), and after that, his little classic on plant geography. Jefferson told Dr. Wistar that Humboldt’s ‘treasures of information are inestimable, and fill us with impatience for their appearance in print.” One booknote on Humboldt: Jefferson presented his copy of Playfairs Geometry but failed to inscribe the book. Humboldt wrote, “you will admit, [this] may cause me some embarrassment later.” The failure of dealers to record the proper release of duplicate books they have acquired from libraries distresses me. | find my sympathies with Humboldt. William Roscoe of Liverpool William Roscoe was born in Liverpool in 1753, the year that Linnaeus’s Species plantarum appeared in Stockholm. Roscoe was the son of an innkeeper and market gardener, who as a lad enjoyed fishing along the banks of the Mersey, was apprenticed to a bookseller, and before he was twenty had published poetry which was praised by Sir Joshua Reynolds. At 35 Roscoe entered politics as a critic of slavery, meanwhile finding time to write two biographies: of Lorenzo de Medici, and of Pope Leo X. Roscoe’s botanical interest came when he was nearing fifty, fostered by James Edward Smith, founder of the Linnean Society. As a public citizen of Liverpool Roscoe was responsible for the opening of the city’s botanic garden, and it was a copy of the garden Catalogue that he gave to Jefferson. It was hand delivered by John Bradbury, who visited St. Louis to and from his journeys on the upper Missouri River. Bradbury was a houseguest at Monticello. Roscoe sent Jefferson a tract, an address on the values of botany as a popular pastime. In his essay Roscoe wrote botany was “peculiarly proper for youth, to whose unperverted minds the study of natural objects is always an interesting occupation, . . .an innocent anda healthful amusement. [Youth] will familiarize themselves to that regulated train of ideas, which is of use not only in every other department of natural knowledge, but in all the concerns of life.” American Bookmen Of authors born in America who gave their books to Jefferson, Shecut is little known today. When Dr. William Baldwin visited Charleston in 1811 he was disappointed with the botany he found there. He remarked that Dr. Shecut and the French horticulturist Noisette, associated with rose culture, “have at least some zeal for botany.” Dr. Shecut promptly sent Jefferson a copy of his Flora Carolinaeensis: or a historical, medical, and economical display of the vegetable kingdom, volume one, published in Charleston 1806. Jefferson was pleased with Shecut’s book, which he commented to the author contained “much new matter,” adding, “it promises to be among the most useful manuals in that science.” But Dr. Stephen Elliott and some others more versed in botany disparaged Shecut’s manual. There may have been some falling out between the two Charlestonians, since when Elliott later published his classic Sketch — amost modest title for an important flora of South Carolina and Georgia, and which has recently been reprinted — he did not mention Shecut although his roster of indebtednesses was long. Dr. Shecut, poor fellow, had been baptized John Linnaeus Edward Whitridge Shecut! Volume two was never published, and soft- spoken Dr. Darlington of West Chester, laid that to Shecut’s “pecuniary embarrassments.” Jefferson, however, was faithful to Shecut and some years later lamented the want of the second volume, “I have been in the constant hope of seeing the 2nd vol. of your excellent work.” 20th century medical writers declare that Shecut was a “colorful and energetic practitioner.” There was Benjamin Waterhouse, “the fiery old vaccinator,” of Newport, Rhode Island, who had lived with Dr. John Fothergill in England, and who returned to America at 28 to teach “theory and practice of physic” at Harvard, without salary, relying for fifteen years only on students’ fees. He gathered his lectures on botany for the lay public into a slender volume called The Botanist, and presented a copy to Jefferson with the remark that “the Essex Junto had got such an entire possession of [Harvard], & had made it a fort, or stronghold, whence to annoy republicanism, that | saw | must quit them; and this expedited the publication of the Botanist.” Jefferson replied that “the clergy, who are afraid of science every where,” control it in New England. Dr. Waterhouse was unwilling to admit of the rising accent of clinical experience in medical educa- tion above the theoretical didactic approach, andso he was forced to resign the next year. Though testimony of his botanical interest is preserved today in a collection of 200 dried plant specimens with his medicinal notes, Waterhouse contributed no new concepts or information to botany. His Sole Surviving Botany Book If you visit the Rare Book Room of the Library of Congress today you may see the sole surviving botany book that Jefferson held in his hand, a modest Catalogue of North American plants published in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, by a Lutheran clergyman, Henry Muhlenberg, of that city. He was born ten years after Jefferson; he was educated in Halle, and at 21 returned to Pennsylvania. The Philadelphia area was a seedbed of natural history. There were the Bartrams on the Schuykill, Barton teaching at the University, Darlington writing energetically in West Chester, and Muhlenberg preaching and botanizing in Lancaster. Humboldt, although anxious to return home from his travels in the Americas, sought out Reverend Muhlenberg in his own habitat to talk botany. This early period of the Republic was marked by two sources of bitterness: American discoveries were being an- nounced in Europe and, with edge-bone competition, explorers, mostly from Europe, were scurrying to find the novelties. In America patrons were few, financial support uncertain, the government involved with other concerns. Oiled by jealousy this competition kept the movements of botanical explorers secret, and makes our efforts to trace their routes particularly difficult. The gentle Muhlenberg saw the paralysis that came with such competition and wrote with the spirit of science, “remember me to all valuable gentlemen who are unknown to me... try to open communion and correspondence with such. By joining hands, we may do something clever for the science.” Let Jefferson have even yet the valediction: “What a field have we at our doors to signalize ourselves in! The Botany of America is far from being exhausted.” A Note on Sources This essay could not have been written without Emily Millicent Sowerby’s Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson, 5volumes, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., 1952. Her arrangement for “Botany” (1:479-495) is chronological, 1549-1813. My opening quotation — from Jefferson's letter to Thomas Cooper, Oct. 7, 1814— appears on p. 479. Miss Sowerby’s account is essentially reproduced, with some additions, by Marion B. Savin and. Harold J. Abrahams in the Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. Jour. 75;44-52. May, 1959. A friendly librarian, Randolph G. Adams, converses on Jefferson's viscissitudes in book collecting in Three Americanists, Phila., 1939. For a sketch of Samuel Henley, D.D., 1740-1815, who may have preceded the physicians Benjamin Waterhouse or Adam Kuhn as a teacher of natural history in the Colonies, see Gerald Patrick Moriarty in.the Dictionary of National Biography. John Custis of Williamsburg evidently did not confer often,with his fellow townsman if we follow the correspondence of Custis with Peter Collinson in E.G. Swem’s Brothers of the Spade (Worcester, 1949). Jefferson’s view on the Linnaean classification is quoted from a“Plan for a botanick garden for a public school on the most useful and least expensive plan” published in the Bulletin of the Pacific Tropical Botanic Garden, 1(2):6-7. 1971. See E.J. Willson’s James Lee and the Vineyard Nursery, Hammersmith, London, 1961, for some hard-to-find, com- mentary on Anglo-American relations in horticulture. Mar- jorie Fleming Warner provided background information and bibliography in a Richmond (1924) reprint of A Treatise-on Gardening by John Randolph, Jr., incorporated in\Gardiner and Hepburn’s American Gardener, ed. 3, Washington City, 1826. Prof. E.M. Betts assembled the single most useful reference on Jefferson’s botanical interests, in Thomas Jefferson’s Garden Book, 1766-1824, published by the American Philosophical Society in 1944. Jefferson's Notes is available in modern editions; Betts summarized the botanical content (pp. 644-648). The backgrounds of Virginia botany may be tracedin John Banister and his Natural History of Virginia, 1678-1692, by Joseph and Nesta Ewan, Univ. Illinois Press, 1970. John Banister’s grandson was a correspondent of Jefferson. John Clayton, Pioneer of American Botany, by Edmund and Dorothy Berkeley, Univ. North Carolina Press, 1963, details the period between Banister and Jefferson: For a sketch of Benjamin Smith Barton, listing primary and secondary sources, see the Dictionary of Scientific Biography, 1:484-486. 1970; and for Bernard M’Mahon, vour. Soc. Bibliography of Natural History, 3:363-380. 1960. Benjamin Rush read his “Account of the sugar maple-tree of the United States” before the American Philosophical Society on August 9, 1791, and it was published in its Transactions in 1793. For letters to and from Lafayette’s cousin, Comtesse Noailles de Tessé, and those of André Thouin, see E.M: Betts, Thomas Jefferson's. Garden Book. Other “French connec- tions” will be noticed in Chapter Ill of Norman B. Wilkinson's E.!. du Pont, .Botaniste, the beginning of a tradition, Charlottesville, 1972. A sketch of Palisot de Beauvois, with references, will be found in; the often overlooked Early Bryological Literature by W.D. Margadant, published by the Hunt Botanical Library, Pittsburgh, 1968. Douglas Botting relates the Humboldt episode as confided by Dolly Madison in his striking Humboldt and the Cosmos, Harper & Row, 1973. Charles A. Browne considers “Thomas Jefferson and the scientific trends of his time” inan excellent essay in Chronica Botanica, 8:1-64. 1944, wherein Hum- boldt’s De Distributione geographica plantarum (1817) is noticed, and selections from Jefferson’s correspondence are quoted. Humboldt’s biographer, Helmut de Terra, quotes Humboldt’s remark concerning his copy of Playfair in Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., 103:790. 1959. William Roscoe’s son, Henry, extolled his father in a biography published in 1833 in two volumes. The quotation from William Roscoe’s tract entitled an Address at the opening of the Botanic Garden of Liverpool, Previous to opening the Garden, May 3, 1802, published in Liverpool that year, appears in volume 1, p. 258, of Henry Roscoe's life of his father, George Chandler fills in the Roscoe backgrounds in WilliamRoscoe of Liverpool, London, 1953. John Bradbury and his associates are sensitively portrayed in Susan Delano McKelvey’s, Botanical exploration of the Trans-Mississippi West, Jamaica Plain, 1955. William Baldwin's cor- respondence, particularly with Stephen Elliott, was publish- ed by William Darlington as. Reliquiae Baldwinianae, Philadelphia, 1843, and/reprinted, with added notes and essential indices, by Hafner Press, N.Y., 1969. Baldwin met “the. venerable Mr. Bradbury” in St. Louis in 1819, when Bradbury’s visit had a.‘most exhilarating effect upon [his] health and spirits.” Considerable disagreement obtains regarding what contribution. J.L-E.W. Shecut made to American natural history, and. medicine. Thomas Cary Johnson, Jr., Scientific interests inthe Old South, New York, 1936, Joseph loor Waring, History of Medicine in South Carolina, Columbia, $.C,, 1964, and A.R. Childs, in the Dictionary of American Biography, favored Shecut in their accounts but Stephen Elliott and William Baldwin held a more critical view. Considering the role played by the “Jenner of America” it is surprising that no full length biography of Benjamin Waterhouse has been written. H.R. Viets wrote the account for the Dictionary of American Biography and more recently George E. Gifford has presented a vignette of Waterhouse in the Harvard Medical Alumni Bulletin, 44(2):14-16. 1969. Rev. Henry Muhlenberg’s life and works were analyzed by E.D. Merrill and Shin-ying Hu in Bartonia, 25:1-66. 1949 and the wider considerations were drawn by Paul A.W. Wallace in the Muhlenbergs of Penn- sylvania, Univ. of Pennsylvania Press, 1950. Joseph Ewan How Many Botany Books Did Jefferson Own?, published in the June, 1976 issue of The Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin, was_delivered as a lecture in February, 1976 ina series..of Bicentennial programs, “The World of Thomas Jefferson,” sponsored by The Missouri Botanical Garden and other cultural and educational institutions in St. Louis, Missouri. Joseph A: Ewan, B. A., D. Sc., considered one of the nation’s leading botanical historians, holds the Ida Richard- son Chair of.Botany in.the Biology Department at Tulane University. Dr. Jacob R. Schramm Dies; Assistant to Director of Garden, 1912-1915 Dr. Jacob Richard Schramm, a former Assistant to the Director of the Missouri Botanical Garden from 1912-1915, died recently at the age of 90, in West- minster Village North, Indiana. His death represents a tremendous loss to both the botanical and academic communities in which Dr. Schramm was considered a preeminent scholar. Until his death, Dr. Schramm was actively involved in writing and research projects as Research Scholar in the Botany Department, Indiana University, where he continued receiving awards and recognition from fellow botanists. Dr. Schramm attended Wabash College and com- pleted his graduate studies at Washington University where he was appointed a Lackland Fellow by Dr. George T. Moore, InJune, 1913, Dr. Schramm received his Ph.D. and continued at Washington University as an Instructor in Botany. From 1912-1915, he assisted Dr. George T. Moore who had been appointed Director of the Missouri Botanical Garden. Following his work at the Garden and Washington University, Dr. Schramm assumed the Directorship of General Botany at Cornell University. While a professor at Cornell, he realized the need for an abstracting journal in the botanical field. All fields of botany were expanding so rapidly, that it was becom- ing a near-hopeless problem to find, much less keep up with, the ever increasing numbers of scholarly publications. It was hardly surprising that Dr. Schramm co-founded a publication called Botanical Abstracts which he edited from 1921-1926. Important and large as the Botanical Abstracts project was, Dr. Schramm worked to broaden this new journal to include the abstracting of published articles from the whole field of biology (exclusive of medicine). As a result of his efforts, Botanical Abstracts became Biological Abstracts. Today, Biological Abstracts is as indispensable as it is voluminous. It undertakes to abstract the world literature in biology. Its success is measured somewhat by its coverage of more than 8,000 periodicals from some 107 countries, territories, and commonwealths. Retirement came to Dr. Schramm at age 70 years, in 1955. As recently as 1966, he published a 194-page research study on the Ecology of Black Mining Wastes from Antracite Mining, for which he was given the Merit Award of the Botanical Society of America. Dr. Schramm was a prolific contributor to the field of Botany and will indeed be missed by all in the botanical community who have benefited immeasurably from his lifelong efforts. Jack Humbles Curatorial Supervisor Department of Botany New Flora of Panama Grant Awarded by National Science Foundation The National Science Foundation recently awarded the Garden a $50,900 grant for continuation of the Flora of Panama Project. This project, under the direction of Dr. Thomas B. Croat, will be completed by the fall of 1977, thus ending work begun more than 30 years ago. When complete, the Flora of Panama will contain descriptions of more than 12,000 species of plants from Panama with keys for their identification. The project has supported research by many botanists on plant families which occur in Panama. The Garden, partly with funds from the National Science Founda- tion and jointly with the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Panama, maintains a small herbarium and collecting facility in Panama. The project has also supported numerous field expeditions to Panama. Many of the plant specimens which have been used in the Garden's plant exchange with more than 100 botanical institutions throughout the world have been collected on these expeditions. In the past five years alone more than 21,000 collections have been made in Panama. Though the project nears an end, the field work supported through it remains as important as ever. Many new roads are being pushed into as yet unbotanized parts of Panama, and these newly opened areas are bound to be rapidly depleted because of population pressures in Panama. Most of the un- disturbed, natural areas which were first botanized and found to be rich in new species only five years ago are now completely denuded. Collections must be made while these natural populations of plants still exist in order to record the plants which now exist there. The new natural areas which still remain are proving to be even richer in species than previous areas since they consist mostly of wetter, more inaccessible, and until now, unstudied forests. Dr. William G. D’Arcy, research associate on the project, recently returned from a collecting trip to Panama, Costa Rica and Nicaragua. While in Panama, he botanized the summit of Colcan El Baru, the highest mountain in Panama. This important effort places D'Arcy among the few botanists who have collected on and near the summit of Baru. Dr. Croat left in February to spend nine months in the tropics. In addition to making general collections for the Flora of Panama project he will be concentrating on his research of the aroid (Philodendron) family, and he will be introducing many living specimens of in- teresting species of Araceae into the Garden's collec- tion of living plants. Member of The Arts and Education Fund of Greater St.Louis NEW HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATES MEMBERSHIP APRIL 1976 Mr./Mrs. C.C. 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Cowles Mr./Mrs. John E. Cramer Mr./Mrs. L.A. Crancer, Jr. Mr./Ms. Kip Crandall Mr. Tom Cravens Mr. Gerald A. Crump Dr. Ann L. Crumrine Mr./Mrs. Enrigve Cubillo Mr./Mrs. K. Kenneth Cunningham Mrs. Mary B. Cunningham Mr. Michael J. Curran Mr./Mrs. George F. Dancy Mr./Mrs. Robert H. Davidson Mr./Mrs. William A. Davidson Mr./Mrs. Lewis F. Davis Mr./Mrs. James C. Dawson Mrs. John E. Dean Mr./Mrs. E.A. DeBrecht, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Temple M. DeCamp Mr./Mrs. Charles T. Dee Mrs. Sally Bixby Defty Mr. Charles B. Deibel Mr./Mrs. Robert H. Denckhett, Jr. Ms. Ann Densmore Mr./Mrs. Paul R. DeSantis Mr./Mrs. Martin J. Deutsch Mrs. Lillian H. Doebber Mr./Mrs. M.V. Doerner Dr./Mrs. J.K. Dolen Mrs. Francis P. Douglas Mr./Mrs. Frank Driscole Mr./Mrs. Gilbert L. Druen Miss Helen Duis Mrs. Mary Dunbar Mr./Mrs. Charles Duncker Miss Irma Eareckson Mr./Mrs. Robert M. Early Mr./Mrs. Harlan A. Eckhardt Mr./Mrs. Pershing G. Edele Mr./Mrs. K.C. Edscorn Ms. Ruth Helen Edwards Ms. Niki Ehernberger Ms. Mary L. Elder Miss Esther E. Ellspermann Mrs. Barbara W. Elster Mrs. Agnes Englerth Mr. Wellborn Estes Mr./Mrs. Edward P. Evers, Jr. Mrs./Mrs. Kent Faerber Dr./Mrs. Wm. R. Fair Mr./Mrs. P.J. Feldman Ms. Ellen Ferguson Dr./Mrs. Richard J. Ferry Mr./Mrs. Amandus H. Ficken Mr./Mrs. Thomas J. Finan Mr./Mrs. Arthur H. Fischer Mr./Mrs. Edwin H. Fischer Mr./Mrs. James W. Fleshman Mr./Mrs. Richard G. Flynn Miss Mary Fogarty Mrs. D.C. Foley Mr./Mrs. Arthur S. Foog Mr./Mrs. Dan J. Forrestal, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Rick Forrestal Mr./Mrs. F.J. Frank Mr. R.H. Franklin Dr./Mrs. John Fries Mr./Mrs. Hugh L. Fry, Jr. Miss Alberta Gammon Mr./Mrs. Joseph A. Garon Mr. Clifford Gelber Mrs. Eugene B. Gerhard Mr./Mrs. Gilbert Getz Mr./Mrs. Jos. C. Giedeman Mr./Mrs. Dennis Gillen Mr./Mrs. Arthur C. Giuliani Mrs. Alice D. Glick Dr./Mrs. Jonathan A. Gold Mr./Mrs. Manuel Goldberg Mr./Mrs. Vincent T. Gorguze Mr./Mrs. Pierre Grace Miss Margaret Graebner Mr./Mrs. Francis B. Graflage Mr./Mrs. Jack C. Graue Miss Helen J. Grauel Mr./Mrs. Thomas R. Green Robert Greenberg Development C¢ Dr./Mrs. Robert Greenwood Mr./Mrs. Roger Grossheider Mr./Mrs. Theodore J. Grote Mr./Mrs. Donald Grunwald Mr./Mrs. John Grutsch Mr./Mrs. E.F. Guth Mr./Mrs. James W. Gwyn Mr./Mrs. Joe D. Haddon Mr./Mrs. Clyde F. Hahn Mr./Mrs. R.W. Haines Mr./Mrs. Brian Hakan Mr./Mrs. R.W. Halteman Miss Norma J. Hamilton Dr. French K. Hansel Mr./Mrs. Henry Harms Mr./Mrs. Mark Harrington Mr./Mrs. Otto Hasek Mrs. Catheryn R. Hauschultz Mr./Mrs. Arthur H. Hayes Miss JoAnn Hediger Mr./Mrs. Otto G. Heinecke Mrs. Virginia H. Heitert Mr./Mrs. Walter J. Heitman Mr./Mrs. Glenn E. Heitz Mr./Mrs. J. Philip Hellwege Mr./Mrs. George D. Helman Mrs. Lindsay Helmholz Mr./Mrs. James R. Hennessy Mr./Mrs. R. Mansel Hennon Mr./Mrs. F.A. Hermann, Jr. Mr./Mrs. R.C. Herrington Mr./Mrs. Edward H. Herzing Mr./Mrs. Howard Hess Ms. Marian G. Hirsch Mr./Mrs. Peter Hochschild Mr./Mrs. Merlyn M. Hoffman Mr./Mrs. J. Ronald Hoffmeister Mr./Mrs. Martin H. Hokamp Mrs. Bette Hoke Miss Blanche Holloway Dr./Mrs. Alan S. Holtz Mr./Mrs. E. Douglas Holwadel Miss Heidi Hombs S.V. Hopper Mr./Mrs. Roscoe Houseright Mr. R.L. Hovis, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Lorenz E. Huber Mr./Mrs. Charles Huck Mrs. Lois Hudgins Ms. Sandra P. Huggins Mr./Mrs. Ray C. Hughes Mr./Mrs. Harold B. Huhn Ms. Faith Hunnicutt Mr./Mrs. Robt. L. Huskey Miss Josephine lelase Mrs. Jane |kemeier Mr./Mrs.Edward Imo Mr./Mrs. Edwin S. Izumi Mr./Mrs. Franklin R. Jackes, Jr. Dr./Mrs. Laurence S. Jacobs Mr. Robert Jaeger Mr./Mrs. Robert E. James NEW REGULAR MEMBERSHIPS continued Mr. Daniel W. Jasper Miss Lucille Jaworowski Ms. Jackie R. Jenkins Mr./Mrs. Robert B. Jenny Mr./Mrs. Stifel W. Jens Mr./Mrs. Peter W.D. Jensen Mr./Mrs. Roland Jester Mr./Mrs. David W. Johnson Miss Emma Johnson Ms. Janet A. Johnson Mr./Mrs. William H. Johnston Mr./Mrs.. lley Joneal Joplin Mrs. Sharon Juniewicz Miss Virginia Kable Mr./Mrs. Arthur G. Kahn Mr./Mrs. Francis X. Kaiser Miss Joyce Kaiser Mr./Mrs. Roy B. Kalny Mr./Mrs. C.W. Kamischke Mr./Mrs. D.L. Kamler Mrs. Ruth M. Kamphoefner Mr./Mrs. R.E. Karcher Mr./Mrs. Henry Katz Dr./Mrs. Dennis Keesal Mr./Mrs. L. Birt Kellam Ms. Cele Kendrick Mr./Mrs. E.D. Kennedy Mrs. Sally Kennedy Mr./Mrs. Lee E. Kennon Mr./Mrs. M.J. Kessler Mr./Mrs. William A. Kessler Mr./Mrs. Wilfred A. Kettler Dr./Mrs. Edw. D. Kinsella Miss Nancy L. Kinsella Mr./Mrs. W. Bogert Kiplinger Mr./Mrs. Bruce E. Kleinert Mr./Mrs. Henry C. Kloepper Mr./Mrs. Robert Kloepper Mr./Mrs. Newell S. Knight, Jr. Dr./Mrs. John E. Knox Mr./Mrs. Paul A. Koch Mr./Mrs. W.R. Konneker Mr. Eugene Koropecky Mr./Mrs. Orville Kottmann Dr. Frances Kovarik Mrs. William Krebs Ms. Mary A. Kreienbaum Mr./Mrs. A.F. Kriegshauser Kriegshauser Mortuaries Mr./Mrs. Bruce Kropschot Mr./Mrs. Forrest G. Kunkel Mr./Mrs. Otto H. Laatsch Dr./Mrs. Jos. A. Laffler Dr. Robert L. Lam Mr./Mrs. Chas. J. LaMothe Mr./Mrs. Girard M. Landgraf Mr./Mrs. Thomas H. Langenberg Mr./Mrs. Jay M. Lapin Mr./Mrs. Andrew J. Larson Mr./Mrs. Nick Laskaris Dr./Mrs. Donald Latimer Mrs. Betty Lauer Mr./Mrs. John D. Lauer Mr./Mrs. Harry M. LeBeau Mr./Mrs. Joe R. Ledbetter Dr./Mrs. Sherman J. LeMaster Mr./Mrs. Ronald M. Lending Mr./Mrs. John W. Less Mr./Mrs. Clyde W. Lester Miss Charlotte L. Lewis Mr./Mrs. Arnold H. Liles Mr./Mrs. Terry R. Linhardt Mr./Mrs. Adolph E. Loewnau Mr./Mrs. Malcolm Lohrum Ms. Mae J. Long Mr./Mrs. Henry W. Lonnemann Mr./Mrs. James D. Lorenz Mr./Mrs. Raymond E. Lorenz Mr. Marvin A. Loudon Dr./Mrs. David Lovell Mr./Mrs. James V. Lucido Mr./Mrs. Rudolph Ludwig Mrs. J. Edgar Lumpkin Mr./Mrs. Harold |. Lunde Mr./Mrs. Robert E. Lutz Mr./Mrs. Paul A. Lux Mr./Mrs. Frances R. Lynch Mr./Mrs. George W. Mabie Dr. Harry E. Mack Mr./Mrs. James Mahoney Miss Ruth A. Maichel Ms. Joyce L. Mainieri Mr./Mrs. R.R. Maisel Mr./Mrs. Jose Manes Mr./Mrs. Harry W. Manley Mr./Mrs. Eugene Mariani Mr./Mrs. S. Markenson Mr./Mrs. Herbert W. Markwort Ms. Barbara W. Martin Mrs. J. Kenneth Martin Mr./Mrs. Fred J. Marty Mr./Mrs. Vincent T. Matteucci Mr./Mrs. William R. Mayer Mr./Mrs. Maurice J. McCarty Mr./Mrs. Thomas F. McClarren Dr./Mrs. Allen B. McCoy Mr./Mrs. Ben McDougall Dr./Mrs. Arthur McElfresh Mr./Mrs. George L. McElroy, Jr. Mr/Mrs. Thomas C. McGuffey Mrs. Ralph H. McKee Mrs. Frank E. McKillop Mr./Mrs. Bruce McLean Ms. Maureen McVary Mr./Mrs. Arthur L. McWilliams Mr./Mrs. Keith McWilliams Joyce Meckfessel Dr./Mrs. Theodore M. Meiners Mr./Mrs. Edgar Meinhardt Mr. Ralph W. Menkhus Mr./Mrs. Martin Mercurio Mr./Mrs. Robt. S. Metzger Rev./Mrs. John E. Meyer Ms. Nancy H. Meyer Mr./Mrs. Ralph L. Meyer Mr./Mrs. Thomas Meyer Miss Virginia E. Meyer Mrs./Mrs. Curtis A. Meyers Mr./Mrs. John C. Meyers, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Norman Meyers Mr./Mrs. J.R. Middleton Mr./Mrs. Jay B. Middleton Mr./Mrs. Edgar T. Miller Mr./Mrs. R.L. Miller Mr./Mrs. Ben C. Milster Dr. F. Delbert Moeller Dr. Seymour Monat Mrs. Alice Monnig Dr./Mrs. A.C. Montes Mr./Mrs. Alva Moog, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Douglas Moore Mr./Mrs. Francis L. Moore Mr./Mrs. John S. Moore Mr./Mrs. Robert C. Morgan Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Moses Dr. Dan W. Mueller Mrs. Esther Mueller Mr./Mrs. Robert S. Muldoon Miss Margorie Mullins Mr./Mrs. Gilbert G. Munroe Mr./Mrs. Joseph D. Murphy Miss Barbara Nash Miss Helen L. Neiger Mrs. Arthur W. Neilson Mr./Mrs. Gordon W. Neilson Dr./Mrs. Frank Neuner Mr./Mrs. Louis W. Neuner Mr./Mrs. M.K. Nichols Mr./Mrs. M.C. Nicholson Mr. David G. Ninas Miss Olive Noerteman Miss Karen R. Norris Ms. Jane E. North Miss Jane A. Norton Mr./Mrs. Arch Oberg Mr./Mrs. Bud Occi Miss Helen L. Oehler Dr./Mrs. Robert W. Ogilvie Dr./Mrs. D.R. Oliver Mr./Mrs. Ray M. O’Neal Mr./Mrs. E.M. O'Neill Mr./Mrs. Robert H. Orchard Dr./Mrs. Rufus M. Orr Mr./Mrs. G.L. Osborn Mr./Mrs. Everett Osterloh Dr./Mrs. William R. Otto Mrs. JoAnn Outs Mr./Mrs. Emerual Owen Mr./Mrs. R.L. Pabst Mr./Mrs. John R. Paden Miss Margaret Pape Mr./Mrs. Walter W. Parker, Jr. Dr./Mrs. Wayne Paris Mr./Mrs. Van C. Parriott Mr./Mrs. Vernon R. Parrish Mrs. Jean M. Parsons Mr./Mrs. R. Glenn Patton Mr./Mrs. W.L. Patton, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Edwin E. Peak Mr./Mrs. Samuel C. Pearson, Jr. Mr./Mrs. David L. Pentland Miss Charlotte Perabo Mr./Mrs. Richard B. Perry Mr./Mrs. Richard E. Peters Mr./Mrs. Robert W. Pfeiffer Mr./Mrs. Allen Portnoy Mrs. Rex Potter Mr./Mrs. James T. Powell Mr./Mrs William M. Powell Mr./Mrs. C.V. Pregaldin, Jr. Dr./Mrs. Arthur L. Prensky Mr./Mrs. J.G. Princell Mr./Mrs. Fred Pueschel Miss Marjorie Purvis Mr./Mrs. Fred J. Puster Mr./Mrs. Donald E. Randentz Miss Joanne A. Ragan Mr./Mrs. Otway W. Rash III Mr/Mrs. Phillip Rashbaum Dr./Mrs. Perry G. Rawson Miss Marybelle Reddick Dr./Mrs. Jonathan R. Reed Mr./Mrs. Robert J. Reid Mr/Mrs. W. Reinking Mr./Mrs. H.M. Reitz Mr. Douglas W. Rendleman Mr. David Ressler Mr./Mrs. Tony C. Ribaudo Mr./Mrs. William N. Rice Mr./Mrs. Michael F.B. Richardson Mr./Mrs. Peter Richman Mrs. W.A. Richter Mr. Robert G. Riedell Mr./Mrs. J.B. Riles Mrs. Chandler F. Rinehart Mr./Mrs. Sidney B. Ring Mr. Kent Rissman Mrs. M.E. Robinson Mr./Mrs. Melvyn D. Robinson Mr./Mrs. William R. Robirds Mr./Mrs. Franklin P. Rogers Mr./Mrs. Rial E. Rolfe Mr./Mrs. Bruce Roman Dr./Mrs. Marvin Rosecan Mr./Mrs. Harry S. Rosenberg Dr. Robert L. Rosenthal Mr. W. Rosswog Mr./Mrs. A.S. Roth Mr./Mrs. Jerome A. Rueff Dr./Mrs. Rudy Ruhling Mrs. Carl Runge Mr./Mrs. Edward F. Ruprecht Dr./Mrs. J. Paul Rutledge Mr./Mrs. John D. Ryan Mrs. Martha D. Ryan Mr./Mrs. Sam P. Rynearson Sisters of St. Joseph Mr./Mrs. John Samson Mr./Mrs. Roger Santala Miss V.M. Saunders Mr./Mrs. Louis R. Saur Mr./Mrs. George Schaefer Mr./Mrs. L. Schaeferle Mr. Milton W. Schaeffer Mr./Mrs. Richard J. Scheffler Mr./Mars. Robert Scheinkman Mrs. Carl Schlinger Mr./Mrs. Steven E. Schneider Mr./Mrs. P.C. Schnoebelen Mr./Mrs. William C. Schoenhardt Mr./Mrs. Robert P. Schoepflin Mr./Mrs. Elmer Schovanez Mr. William Schreiner Mr./Mrs Arthur P. Schrepfer Mr./Mrs. Edward M. Schroeder, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Robert W. Schroeder Mr./Mrs. Hale Schroer Mr./Mrs. J.H. Schuldt Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Schuler Mr./Mrs. Stephen T. Schulte Mrs. Sarah Morton Schwab Mr./Mrs. William E. Schwarz Mr./Mrs. Charles W. Schweizer Mr./Mrs. Alfred Scott Jonathan and Susanne Seals Mr. A. Lee Shapleigh, II Mr./Mrs. Oliver Shaw Mr./Mrs. Manuel Sherberg Dr./Mrs. G.R. Shoemaker Dr./Mrs. Paul D. Shuff Mr./Mrs. Robert J. Sieveking Mr./Ms. Simon Silver Mr./Mrs. Michael P. Simon Mr./Mrs. Samuel B. Singer Mr./Mrs. Alvin Siteman Mr./Mrs. Dan P. Smith Mr./Mrs. Edward G. Smith Mr. J.C. Smith Mr./Mrs. John J. Smith Mr./Mrs. Marion L. Smith Mr./Mrs. Chester L. Snyder Dr./Mrs. Richard S. Sohn Mrs. Ann O. Spaulding Miss Lois Spayde Mr./Mrs. A.H. Spengel Mr./Mrs. Cliff Spurgeon Mr./Mrs. Robert Stafford Mr./Mrs. Richard Stahlhuth Mr./Mrs. John Standeven Mr./Mrs. Eugene F. Stanglein Ms. Georgia Starr Mr./Mrs. Clarence R. Stein, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Jerome M. Steiner Mr./Mrs. Fred Steinkuhle Mrs./Mrs. R.S. Steinmeyer Mrs. Dorothy E. Stencel Mr./Mrs. George T. Stentz Mr./Mrs. C.H. Stephan Mr./Mrs. John A. Stephens Mr. Palmer Steward Dr./Mrs. Louis Stickley Mr. Fred J.T. Stock Mr./Mrs. Virgil Strader Mr. John A. Straub Mrs. Robert E. Strickler Mr./Mrs. Forest C. Stuckman Dr./Mrs. John F. Sulzbach Drs. Vasantha & Shankar Sundaram Ms. Elizabeth B. Talley Dr. Lloyd W.C. Tang Mr./Mrs. William E. Tator, Jr. Dr. Barrett L. Taussig Mrs. Ethel Taylor Mr./Mrs. F.W. Teutenberg III Mr/Mrs. Harold E. Theper Mr./Mrs. Fred W. Thies Mrs. Adolph Thym Mr./Mrs. Ronald W. Thomas Mrs. Judith Thomasson Mr./Mrs. Edgar D. Thompson Miss Hallie Jean Thompson Mr./Mrs. Walter E. Thompson, Jr. Ms. C. Tillman Mrs. Linda Tockstein Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Tonn Mr./Mrs. Robert P. Tschudy Mr./Mrs. Mark A. Turken Mr./Mrs. Charles L. Turner NEW REGULAR MEMBERSHIPS continued Miss Virginia Turner Mr./Mrs. Hubert J. Tyrrell Mr./Mrs. Gregory R. Ulrich Mrs. Edmund F. Unger Mr./Mrs. Gary W. Vandiver Mr./Mrs. Peter Van Trigt Mr./Mrs. Walter L. Vienhmann Mr./Mrs. Alvin D. Vitt Mr./Mrs. George K. Vogt Mr./Mrs. Gupton Vogt Mr./Mrs. Oscar E. von Rohr, Jr. Mr/Mrs. D.R. Wagner Ms. Ruth H. Wagner Mrs. Marjorie Waldron Mr./Mrs. A.B. Walker Dr./Mrs. Lester E. Wall Mr./Mrs. Warren D. Wallace Dr./Mrs. James W. Walsh Mr./Mrs. Richard M. Ward Mr./Mrs. James M. Warden Mrs. H.W. Watkins Mr./Mrs. Nathaniel Watlington Mr./Mrs. Floyd E. Watson Mr. Martin E. Wax Miss Marilyn Webber Mrs. Leo Weiss Ms. Deanna D. Welzbacher Mr. Robert E. Wentz Dr. Patricia West Mr./Mrs. J.L. Westermayer Ms. Wilton E. Wheeldon Mr./Mrs. Keith White Mr./Mrs. Ray E. White, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Donald R. Whitlow Miss Joan F. Wickman Mr./Mrs. Carl Wilken Mr./Mrs. Gerald Wille Mr./Mrs. Richard Williams Mr./Mrs. Stan Williams, Jr. Mr./Mrs. James Winter Mr/Mrs. William D. Wolfe, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Robert L. Wolverton Mr./Mrs. Charles Wones Mr./Mrs. Arthur Woodall Mrs. Marcia Wright Mr./Mrs. David W. York SUSTAINING Dr./Mrs. Klaus D. Zastrow Mr./Mrs. Charles O. Ziegler Mr./Mrs. Clarence G. Zimmermann Dr./Mrs. George H. Zimny INCREASE IN MEMBERSHIP CONTRIBUTIONS APRIL 1976 SPONSORING Miss Anna Hahn H.C. Moog Mrs. Walter W. Morris Mrs. Hilda Voss Mr./Mrs. Adam Aronson Mr./Mrs. James B. Bushyhead Mr./Mrs. B.F. Jackson Mr./Mrs. Clifford Saxton Mr./Mrs. Robert Brookings Smith CONTRIBUTING Dr./Mrs. Charles R. Burnside Mr./Mrs. James E. DeLassus Mr./Mrs. Edward C. Fey, Jr. Mrs. Virginia S. Gardner Mr./Mrs. G. Rodman F. Genet Mr./Mrs. Norman B. Leppo Mrs. David D. Lynch Mr. Lewis A. McDonald Mr. W. Finley McElroy Ms. Florence Moog Mrs. Jane Newman Dr./Mrs. Matthew Newman Mrs. Suzanne D. Rauchen Mr./Mrs. Frank Roth Miss Della Weber Mrs. Harry B. Wilson APRIL TRIBUTES IN HONOR OF MR/MRS. HOWARD BAER Mr./Mrs. Lester Ackerman, Jr. IN HONOR OF MR./MRS. JEROME BARKER'S ANNIVERSARY Mr./Mrs. Ellis C. Littmann IN HONOR OF MR./MRS. STANLEY GITT’S 25th ANNIVERSARY Eddie and Bob Rosenheim IN HONOR OF AUGUST H. HOMEYER’S BIRTHDAY Ruth Homeyer and Family IN HONOR OF MRS. CHARLES KORTZ Rotary Ann Club of Overland IN HONOR OF LILLIAN SHANFELD’S BIRTHDAY Mr./Mrs. J.A. Zimmerman IN MEMORY OF MRS. TRUDY AYDELOTTE Mr./Mrs. Russell A. Schulte IN MEMORY OF MRS. OSCAR BABLER Dr./Mrs. Alfred Sudholt IN MEMORY OF REBECCA BUCHANAN Mrs. Howard Adams IN MEMORY OF MRS. ROBERT P. CASEY Mrs. E.L. Sheldon IN MEMORY OF MRS. W. WILLIAM DALTON Mr./Mrs. John L. Davidson, Jr. Kathy and Fred Hanser The Sowing Circle Garden Club IN MEMORY OF MARGARET E. HOOD Mr./Mrs. Melvin Hood IN MEMORY OF MR. JERSTED Mr./Mrs. Ellis C. Littmann IN MEMORY OF JASON AND SYLVIA KAWIN Fred and Dolly Arnstein Mort and Edie Binder IN MEMORY OF ESTELLE SPIES LINSDAY Mr./Mrs. J.E. Heichelbech IN MEMORY OF FRANK M. MAYFIELD Mr./Mrs. G.A. Buder, Jr. IN MEMORY OF MR. SYDNEY SHOENBERG, Sr. Mr./Mrs. T. Randolph Potter IN MEMORY OF MISS HELEN L.STAUDINGER AARP Hampton Chapter 888 B.G.L. Club Charles M. Burton Mr./Mrs. Robert Hegge Missouri Walk Ways Eugene G. and Joseph T. Monnig Luella Rauscher The Pelletier Family IN MEMORY OF MRS. JAMES CLAYTON STICE Mr./Mrs. J. Edgar Lumpkin Mr./Mrs. James O. Stice IN MEMORY OF MRS. OSCAR STROH Mrs. Hazel P. Daugherty Mrs. June F. Marsh IN MEMORY OF BETTIE W. THOMAS Mr./Mrs. Sheridan K. Loy IN MEMORY OF MRS. ESTHER WHERRY Mrs. Charles E. Bascom IN MEMORY OF ROBERT A. WOODRUFF, Jr. Dr. P.M. Packman IN MEMORY OF MR. R.R. Zimmerman Mr./Mrs. Ellis C. Littmann MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 2345 Tower Grove Avenue Saint Louis, Missouri 63110 SECOND-CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT ST. LOUIS, MO. Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Gloria Vanderbilt to be Guest of Honor at Chrysanthemum Ball Gloria Vanderbilt, well known artist in fabrics and design whose new Career in ladies’ ready-to-wear will be launched September 11 at Saks Fifth Avenue in St. Louis, will be in attendance at the Chrysanthemum Ball on Friday, September 10. Her appearance and the informal modeling of 50 fashions by Saks are among the exciting features highlighting the Ball, which will begin at 6:30 p.m. on the Garden grounds. A sellout crowd is expected for this stellar social event. Members of the Garden will receive invitations this month. Price of regular tickets is $50 per person, $100 per couple. Patrons are $75 per person, $150 the couple. Proceeds will benefit the Edgar Anderson Memorial Boxwood Garden, now under construction in an area between the Anne L. Lehmann Rose Garden and the Japanese Garden. An article inthis issue of the Bulletin discusses the rich tradition of the Boxwood Garden, and a feature in the September Bulletin will detail its design and Cultivation. The evening’s festivities will take place amid a panorama of fall colors. Under a yellow, rectangular tent 60’ x 210’, guests will enjoy a seated dinner catered by The Bulters Pantry. Table appointments will include centerpieces of yellow and_ bronze chrysanthemums in terra cotta pots and saucers, in keeping with the natural environment, designed by Robert Dingwall, Jim Rhodes and other members of the Horticulture Department. These arrangements will be sold in The Plant Shop the day after the Ball. Over 126 hanging baskets made up of grape ivy and other greenery will adorn the dining and dancing area under the canopy. Outdoor displays will include some 1200 hardy chrysanthemums, now being grown under black cloth by horticulture volunteer, John Brown. These plants normally would not flower until October, but are being “forced” in order to be in bloom for the Ball. Near Tower Grove House where informal model- ing of the fashions from Saks will take place, cascading chrysanthemums will embellish the Kircher Memorial Urn. Music for the evening will be provided by the Russ David Orchestra with Arte Schieler. The latest list of Corporate Sponsors announced by Mrs. Walter G. Stern, Chairman of the Ball, consists of these 20 donors of $1000: Emerson Electric, General Dynamics, McDonnell-Douglas Corporation; A Friend; Tiffany Industries — Mr. and Mrs. Farrell Kahn; Tobey Fine Papers; Universal Printing; Tower Grove Bank; Mercantile Trust Company; First National Bank in St. Louis; Mallinkrodt Industries; Missouri Pacific Railways; Monsanto Co.,Harry Kessler and Associates; Stix, Baer and Fuller; Hellmuth, Obata and Kassabaum; Mark Twain Bancshares; Gateway Seed; The Nurserymen of the Greater St. Louis Area; and Boatmen’s Bank. Donations of $500 have been received from Laclede Gas Company, Interco, and Guarantee Electric Volume LXIV Number 7 July 1976 HISTORIC BOXWOOD FINDS ITS PLACE AT THE GARDEN Scale Model of Edgar Anderson Boxwood Garden. Boxwood is one of man’s oldest and most cherished garden ornamentals. It was one of the late Edgar Anderson’s’ enthusiasms. The Edgar Anderson Memorial Boxwood Garden, which is now under construction and which has’ been’ designated beneficiary of the 1976 Chrysanthemum Ball, will recognize his specific contribution to this aristocrat of plants. It will further honor Dr. Anderson for his “profound influence both on the scientific fields of interest to him and onthe people of St. Louis who came to appreciate the Missouri Botanical Garden and its great treasures more through his lifelong efforts,” notes Dr. Peter H. Raven, Director. Highlights of Dr. Anderson's 46 years with the Missouri Botanical Garden include service as Director and Curator of Useful Plants, and Englemann Professor of Botany at Washington University. He wore his honors lightly; the title he valued most highly was that of “botanist”. His discovery of “introgressive retrogression’, the gradual infiltration of the germ- plasm of one species into that of another, led to his election to the National Academy of Science. In 1934, under the auspices of the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, he journeyed to the Balkans in search of “hardier strains of ivy, yew and boxwood.” The Anderson Balkan boxwood, propagated at the Arnold Arboretum and the Missouri Botanical Garden, are among the hardiest on record. In 1937 he was awarded the Order of the Jugoslavian Crown for internaponal botanical cooperation. Dr. Anderson was a founding member of the American Boxwood Society, the Herb Society of America and the St. Louis Herb Society. The Boxwood Study Group of the St. Louis Herb Society was begun under his aegis. Shortly after his sudden death in April of 1969 the first members of the study group suggested to the Missouri Botanical Garden that a boxwood garden would be a fitting memorial to Edgar Anderson. It would perpetuate his unique contribution to the search for hardy boxwoods and provide a focus for its continuance. The group proposed as its contibution to initiate a test program at the Garden and to grow the bulk of the plants needed forthe memorial garden. The proposal was accepted ancontinuance. The group proposed as its contribution to initiate atest program at the Garden and to grow the bulk of the plants needed for the memorial garden. The proposal was accepted and the work carried out. Upon its completion in 1975 the study group was dissolved. It was succeeded in 1976 by the Boxwood Society of the Midwest whose membership is open to any boxwood enthusiast who wants to learn more about the plant and to participate in the ongoing boxwood program at the Missouri Botanical Garden. The Anderson Boxwood Garden, which covers some 3.5 acres adjacent to the Japanese Garden, “will form an orderly and interesting transition from the Lehmann Rose Garden to the Japanese Garden,” in Dr. Raven's words. Chief designer of the Edgar Anderson Boxwood Garden is Karl D. Pettit Ill of Eugene Mackey and Associates; landscape consultant is Harriet Rodes Bakewell. Boxwood is a ancient plant. The Assyrian conqueror Tiglath-Pileser the First had these words inscribed about 1100 B.C.: “Cedar and box have | carried from the lands | have conquered. Trees that none of my forefathers possessed. . . In the parks of Assyria have | planted them.” He was only one of many conquerors to count boxwood among their spoils. BUXUS, generic name of the plant, testified further to its antiquity, and to one of its historic uses. The ancient Greeks and Romans cut the larger, tree type boxwoods for fine lumber. Their skilled artisans employed the elegantly off-white, hard and fine- grained wood to fashion exquisite small boxes in which they stored such precious goods as jewels and cosmetics. The Greek word for the box tree and the containers made from its wood was puxos; the Latin work was buxus. When Carolus Linnaeus, the great Swedish botanist, described and named the plant in 1753, he chose BOXUS for the generic and semper- virens for the specific name of this dominant European species. Boxwood was employed in the paradise gardens of the Persians. It was a favored plant forthe garden art of topiary which the Syrians invented and taught to the Romans. Tall boxwood hedges screened from prying eyes the harem gardens of Mvsh Spain; and insured the privacy necessary tocontemplation tothe monks inthe cloistered gardens of the Middle Ages. Boxwood EDGAR ANDERSON November 9, 1897 - June 18, 1969 Photo Contributed by Claude Johnson played a starring role in the formal and elaborate pleasure gardens of the Renaissance. Cardinal Wolsey edged with boxwood the knot garden he had installed at Hampton Court for th enjoyment of Henry VIII. André Le Nétre, when he designed the magnifient gardens at Versailles in the seventeenth century, chose boxwood to frame the vistas and to shield the areas of surprise and privacy he deemed essential to a garden. During those centuries, when boxwood enhanced gardens large and small, its artistic and commercial uses continued. Chessmen and religious medallions and dagger haftes were carved of box; mathematical and musical instruments which required precision were made of box. Fine furniture was inlaid with box. When printing was invented by Gutenberg in the mid- fifteenth century, boxwood was the preferred medium for the woodcuts which illustrated the herbals which were the best-sellers of the day. These same qualities of hardness and fine texture which made boxwood so valuable for works of artistry and craftsmanship brought the plant almost to extinction. In the mid- eighteenth century when the Industrial Revolution came to England whole groves of box trees were cut to supply the insatiable demand for boxwood for shuttles for the looms of the great English textile industry. Boxwood was brought to america by the early Colonists, from England, France and Holland. It graced the small frontyard gardens fo New England merchants and the great formal gardens of Southern planters. It traveled westward with the pioneers. Its first authen- ticated use in an American garden was in 1642 at the manor home of Nathaniel Sylvester on Long Island. Boxwood was a treasured possession to be moved when the family moved; or when that was not feasible, to be taken as “slips” from a cherished plant. In the Anderson Garden the historic roles of boxwood will be suggested rather than recreated. It will be a garden for today, and tomorrow. Mary A. Gamble, President Boxwood Society of the Midwest TOWER GROVE HOUSE COMMEMORATES HENRY SHAW’S BIRTHDAY Tower Grove House celebrates Mr. Henry Shaw's birthday on July 24, 1976. This year the plan of the party will be as follows: The hostesses will wear long, flowered summer skirts or dresses and hats, made by the International Hat Company of many different kinds of plants. An Orange Ring Cake which was a favorite of people in St. Louis during Henry Shaw's lifetime will be served with a fruit punch. The herb garden at the back of Tower Grove House is a perfect setting for Mr. Shaw's Birthday Party. Alice Lynch, Manager Tower Grove House NSF Grants to Garden Announced The Garden has recently received a grant for $162,100 from the National Science Foundation for continued support of the curatorial activities in the Botany Department. Effective date of the grant is May 1, 1976, and this represents the beginning of the fifth year of this grant, which began in May 1972. The grant supports plant mounters and several technical people in the herbarium, together with a small amount of support for some of the curators. The purpose of this grant is to upgrade the condition of the collections and to make them available to other researchers around the country and around the world. This, of course, is done through remounting old material, updating the names and identifications on current material, and handling a tremendous number of specimens on loan each year. The Garden also has received a grant of $13,663 from the National Science Foundation for supplemental support of the project entitled “Floristics of Amazonian Peru,” under the direction of Dr. Alwyn H. Gentry, Assistant Curator of the Garden’s herbarium. MEMBERS’ FLOAT TRIP AT ARBORETUM ON AUGUST 21 A one day float trip on the Meramec River, through the Arboretum and surrounding area will be the final Members’ event of the spring/summer series. This family event, on Saturday, August 21, will be led by Arboretum staff members. The Meramec, near the Arboretum, offers a quiet day on the water, giving a new perception to the Arboretum as an important natural feature of the St. Louis area. Group size must be limited and advance registration is required. A nominal fee will be charged to cover cost of canoe rental. For more information and registration, please contact the Arboretum at 772-7600, Sta. 81. June Hutson, Chairman Arboretum Members Events Gardening in St. Louis GARDENING IN JULY A good watering program is essential for this month due tothe very dry conditions that we have had over the past several months. It is important in watering to water heavily at least once very 10 to 12 days and this should be equivalent to at least 2 inches of rainfall. Rambler and climbing roses can be cut back immediately if this has not ben done earlier. Cut out old wood and watch out for weeds and do not let them go to seed in the garden area. These can be pulled before they set seed and can be put into the compost pile. Keep suckers removed from the base of Dahlias and keep feeding with a commercial fertilizer and see that they are given ample watering. Also, keep suckers off of Lilacs, Viburnum, flowering peaches and plum. Be sure that Dogwood trees get plenty of water. Shade trees can be pruned now. They would benefit by agood mulch of about 3 to 4 inches placed about the base of the tree to conserve moisture and cut down on soil temperature. Keep water off the top of roses and other plants subject to fungus disease. It is best to soak them in, around 10:00 a.m. as needed. Continue to spray for control of mildew and black spot. A feeding of a liquid fertilizer can be beneficial to the roses at this time to encourage better flowering. Oriental poppies can be divided and transplanted now that they have finished flowering. These will set new roots and make ideal flowering material next spring. Seeds of biennials can now be planted in the coldframe for setting out in early September. Sweet Williams, Foxglove, and others are good examples of what can be set out. Garden Phlox may need a spraying of Benlate or other good fungicide to control mildew. Red Spider, which is a problem during hot weather, should be sprayed at regular intervals using Kelthane. Follow the directions on the label and repeat in 4 days ‘until under complete control. Brown patches of grass in your lawn during the summer months is usually a good indication of Chinch bug or sod webworm. If this is the case, spray with a good solution of Diazinon or Pyrethrum. Water this in well after applying it. Aphids and other insects have been more common than usual due to the very dry weather. A good spraying program is essential to keep these under control. Madonna Lilies should be divided every 3 to 4 years. This can be done at the end of this month or in early August. Dig the bulbs and dust them with a good fungicide and plant down to6 to 8 inches ina bed of 2 to 3 inches of sand for good drainage. Do not prune spring flowering shrubs after early July as buds are forming now with a balance of growth for next spring. New rose varieties and the 1977 All-American Rose Selection winners are now on display at the Garden. A visit now can be a very rewarding and exciting one especially to the Rose Garden. Robert Dingwall Chief Horticulturist ARBORETUM NAME CHANGED TO ‘SHAW ARBORETUM’ Designation of the Garden's Arboretum and Nature Reserve at Gray Summit, Mo., as “Shaw Arboretum” was approved by the Board of Trustees at its April 21, 1976, meeting. The official change was made on recommendation of the Board’s Arboretum Committee whose chairman is Mr. C. C. Johnson Spink. Henry Shaw considered that an important and desirable component of his Botanical Garden would be an arboretum, that is a tract devoted to the growth, display, and study of trees and woody shrubs. As one can see from Shaw's early planning sketches of his developing Garden, a major portion of his original property was designated as arboretum. It was this western portion of the original Garden, Henry Shaw's proposed “Arboretum,” that was sold by the Trustees in 1925 to secure funding for the purchase of property at the Gray Summit area. Although a major impetus for this transaction was air pollution damage to the Garden's orchid and conifer collections, Dr. George Moore pointed out in the 35th Annual Director's Report, “The primary object of securing land at a considerable distance from the city would be for the purpose above indicated [saving the orchids] but steps would be taken at once to develop a real arboretum, and there should also be secured a considerable area of natural forests with its undergrowth, which could be preserved for all time as a reservation.” Thus, Henry Shaw's intentions for an arboretum were not only carried through, but by this transaction were greatly expanded to cover over 2000 acres and include large areas for introducted species such as found in the magnificent Pinetum area, as well as extensive examples of native forests. It was with these historical developments in mind that the Trustees officially designated the Arboretum as the Shaw Arboretum. As the Missouri Botanical Garden continues to expand and improve its displays and collections, its Shaw Arboretum will un- questionably be recognized as a major asset of one of the world’s finest botanical institutions. THE NEWLY EXPANDED HERB GARDEN With very little fanfare, a small group of volunteers have been in the process of expanding and planting the Herb Display Garden south of Henry Shaw House. Members of the St. Louis Herb Society are the volunteers responsible for this labor of love. Several years ago, it was suggested to the Society that they expand herbs into the entire fenced area, doubling the size of their existing garden. The existing herb garden, which the Society has maintained for 12 years, was primarily a culinary one. The proposal was very appealing, since further development of the garden would enable the Society to include historic medicinal plants as well as dye and ornamental herbs not previously displayed. Extensive realigning of bricks was done this past fall and spring, and although the original structure of the garden, as designed by Edith Mason, was faithfully adhered to, one large area which originally contained an Acer lost in a wind storm, was eliminated, and in its place were made two square beds containing Cor- nelian cherries (Cornus mas) — a tree found in Medieval Herb Gardens. In the expanded half of the garden, there now is a strong planting of seasonally and subtly colored perennials and Victorian favorites, all herbs. An herb garden lends itself to the intimacy of an enclosure and the handsome wrought iron fence surrounding this patterned brick space is indigenous to St. Louis architecture of the period of Shaw House. The sense of enclosure also gives the viewer a different experience at Missouri Botanical Garden, one to which he can easily relate, feeling perhaps any portion of the little garden could be duplicated in his own back yard. The most formal aspect of the herb garden is the double Knot Garden planted with ornamental sages, Teucrium and Santolinas inside the South gate. This gate will now be kept closed, giving the garden a strong East/West axis, centered on the East by asmall sundial figure surrounded by Thymes and on the West by an oval bed of seasonal color. This bed will contain the only strong statement of color in the garden. Viola tricolor in Spring, will be followed by Tagetes in summer and Chrysanthemum in the Fall. These plants, surprisingly, are all herbs or at least their ancestors were! Two of the beds surrounding this center bed contain the important herb, Rosemary, edged with dwarf pomegranate (Punica granatum nana) and two others are planted with a tender Lavender not commonly seen, Lavandula dentata. Much importance has been given to the Scented Pelargoniums, great favorites in Victorian times when they were often grown inside on windowsills. Over eighteen varieties are represented in mass plantings, including some climbing specimens. Spice Pinks (Dianthus caryophyllus), Mignonette (Reseda odorata) and Valerian, all noted for their fragrance are also included. A dye bed bursts into bloom in early spring with golden woad (Isatis tinctoria), Meadow-rue (Thalic- trum) and Blue Wild Indigo (Baptisia australis). This will be followed by Golden Marguerites (Anthemis tinctoria), Italian Bugloss (Anchusa azurea), Mountain Bluet (Centaurea montana) and Pot-marigold (Calen- dula officinalis). The historic medicinal plantings will have a succes- sion of bloom with foxglove, (Digitalis purpurea & D. mertonensis), Feverfew (Chrysanthemum parthenium), German Camomile (Matricaria), Verbena officinalis, Veronicas, Salvias, Eryngium anethystinum, Betony (Stachys officinalis) Butterfly Milkweed (Asclepias tuberosa), Solidago and Monar- das. The medicinal and dye beds are edged with bronze Ajuga reptans and Armeria laucheana, with its tiny ball- like pink blossoms. Height and solidity have been given the garden with the introduction of four Foster Hollies, a large Ilex opaca, “Merrie Christmas,” and anumber of handsome Buxus. Any garden needs maturity, and because most of these plants are perennial, it will take time for them to look established. The garden is lovely now; by midsummer it should be coming into full beauty and some maturity. The St. Louis Herb Society is celebrating its maturity (35 years) by this gift of a garden to the Garden. Joyce Driemeyer Immediate Past President St. Louis Herb Society esha? See. | E(t The Edwin R. Waldemer Memorial Fountain, donated to the Garden by Mr. and Mrs. Edwin R. Waldemer in memory of their parents. Harriet Rodes Bakewell and Karl D. Pettit II] were the coordinating architects, and Robert Walker was the sculptor. A descriptive interpretation of this magnificent new feature which forms an “anteroom” to the Anne L. Lehmann Rose Garden will appear ina subsequent Bulletin. Volunteers — The Lifeblood of the Garden Volunteers at the Missouri Botanical Garden have become an essential part of its existence. There are currently 400 active volunteers, who gave a total of 35,000 hours in 1975. Each volunteer gives an average of one-half day a week, with some devoting as much as five days a week. No experience is required of the individuals who volunteer, and the new knowledge acquired is a part of the excitement of being a volunteer. People volunteer for a variety of reasons. They are usually public spirited individuals, men and women who find reward in using their spare time to benefit others. Included in this group are retirees, students, housewives, and those with jobs outside the home. Along with the satisfaction of contribution, there are tangible rewards at the Garden. Volunteers receive discounts at the Garden Gate Shop on both books and gift items, and at the Plant Shop and Snack Bar. They attend all staff functions, such as the annual Christmas Party, and other gatherings during the year. Volunteers are encouraged to attend all lectures and Garden activities. After a volunteer has worked a total of 50 hours in one year, he is entitled to request, without fee, a Volunteer Membership. The wide diversity of volunteer jobs encourages those with varied interests. A weekly contingent of sixty volunteers guide visitors through Tower Grove House, Henry Shaw's historical Victorian residence. The Gift Shop, one of the most successful in the city, has a paid supervisor, but is otherwise run completely by volunteers. Four volunteer buyers make several yearly trips to select articles to be sold in the shop, and 20 volunteers assist customers with their purchases. The Plant Shop is also working toward a volunteer- operated organization. Under the leadership of Jamie Weldon, the 25 volunteers are becoming knowledgeable and a well organized group. Volunteers are used in educational programs at Shaw Arboretum, Gray Summit, leading tours through Member of The Arts and Education Fund of Greater St.Louis The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN is publish- ed 11 issues per year monthly except August, by the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo M. P. CRONIN, Editor SUBSCRiPTION RATES: $5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign. 10 miles of trail systems, as well as maintaining trails and surrounding areas. Maurita Stueck, Chairman of the Guides, leads a group of 50 well-versed individuals who give tours to school groups and other interested organizations. A three month training course is given for prospective guides. The next course is scheduled for January, 1977. The Horticulture Department is the largest and most diverse area of the Garden. This includes the Climatron, Desert House, Mediterranean House, greenhouses, experimental greenhouse, Plant Records, Answermen, rose gardens, English Woodland Garden, Japanese Garden and the entire grounds. Volunteers help maintain all these areas! The John S. Lehmann Building houses three separate departments. The Herbarium, which houses a collection of 2,500,000 dried plant specimens, uses volunteers to prepare specimens for storage. The Education Department uses volunteers in teaching school children, while the library has volunteers working in virtually every area of operation. The Garden could not keep up with its huge quantity of paper work, were it not for the many volunteers who assist with clerical work. Volunteers who cannot work on a regular basis help with special events and are called when needed. If you are interested in becoming a volunteer, please call me Tuesdays or Thursdays, 9 a.m. - 1 p.m., 772-7600, ext. 53. Carol Taxman Chairman of volunteers om / - ow, d ag ‘ 7 bs \ Ji ‘ “ a a N ‘ A re UNG } ~~ « it - “ la ~ : *° ¢ Cactus Society, which will hold its annual show August 28 through September 6 in the Floral Display House. NEW HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATES MEMBERSHIP MAY 1976 Mr./Mrs. Watson K. Blair NEW SUSTAINING MEMBERSHIPS MAY 1976 Dr./Mrs. Thomas Covey Nooter Corporation Mr./Mrs. Arthur F. O'Hare Mr./Mrs. Jack Randall Mr./Mrs. John P. Reuter, Jr. NEW CONTRIBUTING MEMBERSHIPS MAY 1976 Dr./Mrs. Ralph Berg Ms. Catherine Beyer Mr./Mrs. James L. Branham Mr./Mrs. J.C. Broemmelsiek Mr. T.G. Hagen Mr./Mrs. T.Walter Hardy, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Julian L. Imbo Ms. Margaret A. Kiefer Mr./Mrs. Dayle G. Klever Mr./Mrs. William P. Krueger Mr. Bobby O. Nash Dr./Mrs. Leopoldo P. Pardo, Jr. Mr./Mrs. C.H. Rasmussen Rothman Furniture Mr. Michael Sarner Dr./Mrs. Jacques P. Schaerer Mr./Mrs. Floyd F. Smiley, Jr. Miss Doris M. Unland NEW REGULAR MEMBERSHIPS MAY 1976 Mr./Mrs. Wm. Abernathie Mr./Mrs. Benjamin Abramowitz Mr./Mrs. Sylvan Agatstein Miss Harriett Agee Mr./Mrs. John Alexander Mr./Mrs. Walter C. Allan Mr./Mrs. T.H. Altenritter Mr./Mrs. H.M. Altepeter, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Robert L. Ameiss Mr./Mrs. Frank A. Anderson Mr./Mrs. Stanley Anonsen Mrs. Joseph A. Anthoney Raymond/Ruth Armstrong Mr./Mrs. William G. Armstrong Mr./Mrs. David C. Arnold Mr./Mrs. Jay L. Arnold Mr./Mrs. P. Astrack Mr./Mrs. Terry E. Atha Mrs./Mrs. Richard Avellone Mr./Mrs. Michael Badt Mr./Mrs. Bruce W. Baebler Mr./Mrs. Richard W. Baizer Mr./Mrs. Raymond H. Baker Mr./Mrs. Stephen Balabon Mr./Mrs. William B. Baldwin, Sr. Miss C. Renee Balthrop Mr./Mrs. Elmer J. Bannick Dr./Mrs. Wm. C. Banton, II Mr./Mrs. Harry Barbach Mr./Mrs. James Barbero Mr./Mrs. Leamon R. Barbro Mr./Mrs. Brian J. Barden Ms. V.H. Barsachs Mr./Mrs. James J. Barta, Sr. Mrs. Lucille Bartsch Miss Georgia Bauer Mr./Mrs. Royal D.M. Bauer Mr. lvan T. Bauman Mr./Mrs. Russell Baumer Ms. Elizabeth R. Beall Miss Mary Susan Beamer Mr./Mrs. Garnet Bebermeyer Mrs. Ralph C. Becker Mr./Mrs. Maurice Beecher Mr./Mrs. Robert J. Beetz Mr./Mrs. Stanley E. Beiermann Mr. Gene H. Bell Mrs. John L. Bennett Mr./Mrs. Adam Berg Mr./Mrs. Walter L. Berg Mr./Mrs. Albert Geo. Beyer Mr./Mrs. Leo E. Biddick Mr./Mrs. James A. Bilhorn Mr./Mrs. Geo. E. Blankmann Mr. Thomas Blanton Dr./Mrs. Mordecai P. Blaustein Marilyn J. Bledsoe Mr./Mrs. Virgil R. Bleisch Dr. H.T. Blumenthal Mr./Mrs. Charles J. Blumer Dr./Mrs. Humberto Boccardo Dr./Mrs. Richard C. Bockrath Mr./Mrs. Frank Boehm, Jr. Mrs. H.E. Bohrer Mr./Mrs. William J. Bollwerk Mr./Mrs. Allan Booth Dr./Mrs. Benjamin A. Borowsky Mr. James P. Bosse Mrs. Edw. R. Bradley Mr./Mrs. Martin L. Brand Mrs. Jean Brasier Mr./Mrs. Wendell J. Bratzel Mrs. Lucille Breville Mrs./Mrs. Wm. Brickson Mrs./Mrs. Herman Brinkmann Mr./Mrs. Jos. Bromschwig, Jr. Ms. Dorothy J. Bronaugh Dr. S. Bronstein Mr./Mrs. Anatole Browde Mr./Mrs. Gunnar Brown Mr. Guy J. Brown Mr./Mrs. Louis J. Brown Mr./Mrs. Henry Bruemmer Mr./Mrs. Thomas R. Bruno Mr./Mrs. John K. Bryan Mr./Mrs. Phillip E. Burba Ms. Katherine N. Burg Mr./Mrs. Michael P. Burke Mrs. Robert J. Burke Miss Lynda Burr Mr./Mrs. John E. Burrows Mr./Mrs. Edward D. Burton Mr./Mrs. Henry J. Butler Mr./Mrs. Arthur Bux Mr. Robert J. Byrne Mr./Mrs. Efren Cabanellos Mr./Mrs. John C. Calcaterra Mr./Mrs. A. Campagna Mr./Mrs. E.R. Casstevens Mr./Mrs. Leo G. Catsavis Mr. D.H. Cavanaugh Mr./Mrs. Richard L. Cecil Miss L. Cella Mr./Mrs. P.J. Cerutti Mr./Mrs. Robert H. Chandler Mr./Mrs. Mitchell Chapin Mr./Mrs. Jack Chasnoff Mr./Mrs. Seve Chute Mr./Mrs. Matt Cicerich Mr./Mrs. Edward W. Cissel Mr. John Ross Clark Mr./Mrs. Robert Clauss Mr./Mrs. Charles Clayton Mr./Mrs. John B. Clayton, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Charles D. Cohen Mr. Bart Cole Mr./Mrs. Edward J. Collins, Jr. Mr. James T. Connor Mr./Mrs. Oscar Conrad Ms. Drucilla Copley Bernie L. Corn Marc N. Corson Mr./Mrs. Mike Cosmo Ms. Mary E. Courtney Mr./Mrs. G.G. Courtois Mr./Mrs. John E. Critzas Mr./Mrs. John B. Crosby Mr./Mrs. Richard V. Cross Mr./Mrs. Lawrence Cuba Mr./Mrs. Thos. M. Culler Mr./Mrs. Joseph W. Cushing Mr./Mrs. Ronald E. Danzer Mrs. Blanche C. Darnell Mr./Mrs. John M. Darnton Dr. Mary A. Davis Mr./Mrs. Richard W. Deardorff Miss Dorothy De Doyard Ms. Gloria E. Dettleff Mr./Mrs. A. Diekmann Mr./Mrs. Alvin F. Dillman Mr./Mrs. Stephen Dinkel Miss Linda Dippold Ms. Satsuko Doi Mr./Mrs. J.E. Dosenbach Mr./Mrs. Robert E. Doss Mr./Mrs. Henry Dubinsky Mr./Mrs. Charles E. Duchek, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Brent Duesenberg Mr./Mrs. John M. Dutko Mr. Jay Van Dwingelen Dr./Mrs. John Dwyer Mr./Mrs. David W. Dye Mr. Kenneth J. Dye Mrs. D.J. Dyer Mr. James L. Eagan Mr./Mrs. Calvin H. East Miss Denise D. Ecks Mr. Jerry O. Edele Mrs. Mary Edens Mrs. Sadye G. Edison Mr./Mrs. Robert Edmonds Mr./Mrs. Ralph Edwards Mrs. Opal Egan Mrs. Ralph H. Eilers Mr./Mrs. Richard L. Eime Miss Doris June Elliott Mr./Mrs. William C. Ellis Mr./Mrs. Paul Embree Mrs. George Engelke Mr./Mrs. Jack Engler Mr./Mrs. Joseph L. Eschbacher Mr./Mrs. Joseph J. Eulberg Mr./Mrs. Richard Faulkner Mr./Mrs. John O. Felker Dr./Mrs. Louis Fernandez Mr./Mrs. O.G. Ferrari Mr./Mrs. Jacob H. Fiala Ms. Winnifred B. Fiege Mr./Mrs. Garo J. Finigian Mr./Mrs. Don Firth Mr./Mrs. Julius F. Fischer Ms. Carole L. Fisher Mr./Mrs. R.M. Fishwick Mrs. Virginia Fitzmaurice Mr./Mrs. Charles R. Flachmann Ms. Anita Floerchinger Mr./Mrs. L. Philip Flowers Mr./Mrs. Joseph J. Foucek Mr./Mrs. Alfred D. Fowler Mr./Mrs. Robert J. Fowler Mr./Mrs. Donald C. Fox Mr. Don E. Freber Mr./Mrs. Henry L. Freund Mr./Mrs. Donald Fricker Mr./Mrs. W. Stix Friedman Mr./Mrs. Charles E. Fritsche Mr./Mrs. William M. Fruit Mrs. M.R. Garland Mr./Mrs. Edward C. Garner Mrs. Fred C. Gassman Mr./Mrs. Robert L. Gast General Gasket Company Mr./Mrs. Vernon Gerrish Mr./Mrs. B.J. Getz, Jr. Mrs. K.D. Gieck Dr./Mrs. Ralph V. Gieselman Mr./Mrs. George Gifford Mr. Jack Gilbane Mr./Mrs. Henry Glass, Jr. Mr./Mrs. James F. Godat Mr./Mrs. Robert Godfrey Mr./Mrs. Paul Goin Mr./Mrs. Terry M. Gold Ms. Diane Goldberg Mr./Mrs. Milton |. Goldstein Mr./Mrs. O.A. Goralnik Ms. Elizabeth/Nancy Gorder Mr./Mrs. Karl Gottleber Mr./Mrs. Robert H. Gowen Mrs. Mildred Conrath Graham Ms. Mary Grant Mrs. Sarah C. Grawe Mrs. Harriett Gray Mr./Mrs. Reif Green Dr./Mrs. William R. Green Mrs. Loretta C. Greene Mr./Mrs. Michael Greenfield Mr. William J. Gress Miss Jeanne M. Gretzschel Mr./Mrs. Henry C. Griesedieck, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Randall M. Griffin Mr./Mrs. Wm. Griffin Mr./Mrs. Francis T. Guelker Mrs. Raondl A. Gulley Mrs. Elva L. Gust Mr. D.B. Guthrie Ms. Jane E. Habbegger Mr./Mrs. E. Habowski Mr./Mrs. Frank K. Hadley Hall Brothers Lumber Company Ms. Jean C. Hamilton Mr. Richard A. Hanebrink Dr./Mrs. Theo. H. Hanser Dr./Mrs. John Hara Mr./Mrs. Philip Harman Mr./Mrs. Steven J. Harris Mr./Mrs. Maurice J. Hart Miss Marguerite M. Hausdore Mr./Mrs. Jack Hause Rev. Albert P. Hauser Dr./Mrs. Robert H. Havlin Mr./Mrs. Dennis Hayden Mr./Mrs. Lowell Hayman Mr./Mrs. R.M. Hedrick Mr./Mrs. Rae C. Heifle Mr. Charles D. Heinzman, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Milton L. Heitman Mr./Mrs. Ferd E. Heller Mr./Mrs. David Helling Mr./Mrs. Jerry L. Heltibrand Miss Dorothy P. Hennicke Mr./Mrs. Chas. O.Hermann — . Mr./Mrs. Henry H. Herpolsheimer Sharon/Don Hicks Ms. Gina H. Hilberry Mr./Mrs. John C. Hildenbrand Mr./Mrs. Robert Hill Mr./Mrs. Richard M. Hiller Mr./Mrs. John D. Hinchen Mr./Mrs. Vernon Hochstetter Mr./Mrs. James R. Hoefener Mr./Mrs. Marvin Hoffert Mr./Mrs. Michael K. Hoffman Dr./Mrs. T.H. Hogan Mr./Mrs. James V. Holland Mr./Mrs. Bill Hollander Mrs. Elsie Holler Mr./Mrs. Sam Holtzman Mr./Mrs. Thomas Holzberlein Miss D. Huelsman Mr./Mrs. Robert C. Hughes Mr./Mrs. E. Warner Hughes Mr./Mrs. Julius Hunter Miss Julia M. Hussey Mr. David Hutchings Mrs. Mary D. Ibalio Mr./Mrs. Paul A. Immer Mr./Mrs. Leonard B. Izard Mrs. W. Jackel Mr./Mrs. Richard Jacobi Ms. Barbara Jacobs Mrs. Jane Jacobs Mr./Mrs. William J. James Mr./Mrs. Thomas E. Janies Mr./Mrs. Chas. J. Jecmen, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Laverne A. Jenne Mr./Mrs. Jay Jensen Mr./Mrs. M.P. Johns Mrs. T. Cartes Johnson Mr./Mrs. Charles Johnson NEW REGULAR MEMBERSHIPS continued Miss Jane H. Johnson Mr./Mrs. Warren Jones Mr./Mrs. Wayne N. Jones Mrs. Davis |. Jordan Mr./Mrs. Al.H. Julius Mr./Mrs. T.W. Jungenberg Mr./Mrs. Joel R. Kamil Mr./Mrs. Harry Kammien Mr./Mrs. John Kardos Mr./Mrs. Leory J. Karmann Mr./Mrs. D.E. Kasprowicz Mrs. Walter C. Kawelaske Mrs. Jean L. Keith Mr./Mrs. John L. Kelly Mr./Mrs. Earle J. Kennedy, Jr. Mr./Mrs. John A.A. Kennedy Mr./Mrs. John B. Kennedy Mr./Mrs. Gil Keuss Dr./Mrs. G.S. Kieffer Mr./Mrs. Jay W. Kiesewetter Mr./Mrs. Geo. A. Killenberg Mr./Mrs. Jack A. Kimball Ms. Diann King Mr./Ms. Alfred Kistner Mr./Mrs. Arthur Klittich Mr./Mrs. William A. Kloud Mr. Gerald P. Knight Miss Elsa L. Koch Mr./Mrs. Frank W. Koehler Mr. D.M. Koenig Mrs./Mrs. Harry F. Koenig Miss Julia F. Kohl Mr. Timothy A. Kohler Mr./Mrs. Alan C. Kohn Mr./Mrs. K.H. Koizumi Dr./Mrs. Phillip E. Korenblat Mr./Mrs. Joseph M. Kovac Ms. Hildegarde Kramer Mr. David J. Kravitz Mr./Mrs. Edward C. Kreutz Ms. Ann Kroeger Mr./Mrs. Edw. R. Krueger Mr./Mrs. G.N. Kuechler Miss Rebecca Ann Kuehn Mr. John S. Kuehnel Mr./Mrs. Paul S. Kuelthau Mr. Arthur A. Kuhn Mr./Mrs. N. Murray Kunkel Mr./Mrs. E.J. Kupferer Dr./Mrs. Haruo Kusama Mrs. C. Oscar Lamy Mrs. Edward P. Lanman Mrs. M. Lanzafame Mr./Mrs. John Larsen Ms. Ann M. Larson Mr./Mrs. France A. Laux Dr. Wilfred Leach later date. INCREASE IN MEMBERSHIP CONTRIBUTIONS MAY1976 Mr./Mrs. James F. Ladusaw, Jr Mliss Barbara Lois Lanman Mr./Mrs. Vernon D. Larson SPONSORING Mr./Mrs. Elridge Lovelace Mrs. Walter E. Morris Miss Stella G. Reese SUSTAINING Mr./Mrs. Louis C. Bailey Mrs. John A. Latzer Mr./Mrs. F. Carl Schumacher, Jr. Mr. Harold E. Thayer Mr./Mrs. Harold Wibracht Some names of new members are not included in this issue because of the large increase in membership in May. They will be published at a CONTRIBUTING Mr./Mrs. Gene K. Beare Mr. Henri Chomeau Dr. Hartmut Kannegiesser Mrs. Gilbert R. Kennedy Mrs. Aloert H. Leonard Mr./Mrs. G.K. Presberg Dr./Mrs. John S. Skinner Sundermeyer Printing Company MAY TRIBUTES IN HONOR OF MR./MRS. HOWARD BAER’S 50TH WEDDING ANNIVERSARY Mrs. Louis L. Baer Erna and William Eisendrath Mrs. J.A. Jacobs Mrs. Benjamin Loeb Dr./Mrs. Peter H. Raven Mr./Mrs. Richard D. Schultz Mrs. Harry Tenenbaum IN HONOR OF THE JAPANESE GARDEN The Brentwood Garden Clubs Association IN HONOR OF MR./MRS. CLYDE R. PEDIGO’S 50TH ANNIVERSARY Mr./Mrs. C.J. Maurer IN HONOR OF COL./MRS. JOHN T. PIERCE, ll! ON MARRIAGE OF DAUGHTER, KATE Mr./Mrs. Milton Kushkin TWO SERBIAN SPRUCE TREES DONATED IN HONOR OF THE DIRECTOR, PETER H. RAVEN Tamra Engelhorn Raven IN HONOR OF MRS. PETER H. RAVEN The Garden Club of St. Louis IN HONOR OF DR./MRS. HY SENTURIA Mr./Mrs. Malcolm Steiner IN HONOR OF MR./MRS. CARL E. REITZ’S WEDDING ANNIVERSARY Eileen and Alma Reitz Henry and Marjorie Reitz IN HONOR OF MR. MILTON TUCKER'S BIRTHDAY Erna and William Eisendrath IN HONOR OF MR./MRS. GEORGE VAINIKOS’ MARRIAGE Dr./Mrs. S. Dworkin IN MEMORY OF MR. CHARLES I. ENGLE Mr./Mrs. Leslie Jones IN MEMORY OF MRS. FRANZES GREENFIELD Ernst and Meta Hager IN MEMORY OF MR. JAMES A. GRIFFITH Mrs. C.S. Williams IN MEMORY OF MRS. EDITH WYCKOFF JORDAN Ms. H.P. Jordan IN MEMORY OF MR./MRS. JASON KAWIN Dr./Mrs. Harold M. Cutler IN MEMORY OF IRMA V. KUHLMAN Dr./Mrs. Robert E. Kuhlman IN MEMORY OF MR. J. D. WOOSTER LAMBERT Mr./Mrs. Sam’l. C.Davis IN MEMORY OF MARJORY FRANK LESSER Mrs. E.E. Smyser, Jr. IN MEMORY OF MR. JOHN J. STODIECK, Jr. Mr./Mrs. S. John Brouk Mrs. Jerome F. Kircher IN MEMORY OF MRS. SPENCER THOMAS Mrs. Jerome F. Kircher IN MEMORY OF MR. ADALBERT VON GONTAR Mr./Mrs. John H. Hayward IN MEMORY OF MRS. MYRTLE STROPES A\ Harland Bartholomew & Associates IN MEMORY OF MRS. W. WILLIAM DALTON Members of the Sowing Circle Garden Clut IN MEMORY OF MRS. MERLE DAVIS Vi Taylor IN MEMORY OF MR. HENRY W. ENDRES, Sr Kenneth W. Chaplin, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Henry W. Endres, Jr. The Richard Filbrun Family Mr./Mrs. J. York Hewitt Mr./Mrs. Harvey D. Johnson Mrs. J.H. Johnson Lt. Terrell H. Johnson Mr./Mrs. Joseph Monolo Mr./Mrs. Samuel B. Murphy Mr./Mrs. Ralph E. Schulenburg Miss Annette V. Stevens Mr./Mrs. J.H. Werber Mrs. Jack W. Wilson MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 2345 Tower Grove Avenue Saint Louis, Missouri 63110 SECOND-CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT ST. LOUIS, MO. issouri otanica arden ulletin ue id. eel se a Ma + th, ve f cn aes > bei Ra Volume LXIV) Number 8 WF August 1976 oma aND TN + VALS. 1.) | od GR OV It wasn’t always a park. Once upon a time, over a century ago, it was only a dream. Perhaps “plan” would be a better word than “dream,” because Henry Shaw, the man who planned and created Tower Grove Park, was hardly a dreamer in the usual sense. He was an astute and successful 19th century St. Louis businessman. At age 39, believing he had accumulated enough of this world’s goods, he retired to devote the rest of his life to the development of his two favorite projects, Missouri Botanical Garden (popularly known as Shaw's Garden) and Tower Grove Park. The park was named for‘ Tower Grove,” his country residence in the Garden. A Victorian Park Tower Grove Park has been called one of the finest remaining examples of a Victorian park in the United States — quite likely in the world. It has been given national recognition by being listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Its gazebos, statuary, fountain and lily ponds, stately entrances with unique gatehouses, and tree-lined drives and walks convey Henry Shaw's vision of a strolling park. In the tradition of his native England, it was to be a place of tranquility and ordered beauty. It was also the city’s first public driving park, designed with broad carriage roads. Through the years, it has taken on additional dimen- sions and become a landmark of tradition, a witness to an age of gracious living, and yet a very contemporary part of each succeeding generation. With its tennis courts, ball diamonds, children’s playgrounds, and picnic areas, it is a very active people’s park as well asa place to enjoy a bit of natural beauty in a busy urban community. Tower Grove Park is bounded by Grand Avenue on the east, Kingshighway on the west, Magnolia Avenue on the north and Arsenal Street on the south. The general plan for the one and one-quarter mile long tract with its narrow three-tenths mile breadth was the “gardenesque style” involving a main drive leading from the entrance gates at Grand Avenue with turnouts at various points and terminating at the Shakespeare Circle at the center of the park where the Center Cross Drive intersects the park. From this point widely separated curving north and south drives then proceeded to Kingshighway, the center area being planted heavily with trees through the years so that what was meadowland when the park opened is now the pleasantly forested picnic area west of the tennis courts. A Gift to the City The land was originally part of the Prairie des Noyers common field, laid out by the early French pioneers as common farm land and acquired by Mr. Shaw ata foreclosure sale. Having been used as farm land, the tract was almost treeless when Henry Shaw conceived the idea of developing it as a city park. It was not difficult to persuade the Mayor of the City of St. Louis, James S. Thomas, of the significance of such a park for the city. It was agreed that Shaw would give the land to the city in return for which the city would float a bond issue sufficient to develop a park along the line of Shaw’s thinking and would make an annual appropria- tion adequate for maintenance of the park. At the time, the western boundary of St. Louis extended only 660 feet beyond Grand Avenue and most of the land proposed for the park lay in St. Louis County. Under the existing charter, the city had no authority to accept and develop this tract, so it became necessary to apply to the Missouri legislature for this purpose. On March 9, 1867, an act creating Tower Grove Park was approved. This act established Tower Grove Park to the extent Mr. Shaw might see fit to grant land to the City of St. Louis for the purpose of a public park. The exclusive control and management of the park was to be vested in a board to consist of not less than five nor more than seven persons to be styled “Commissioners of Tower Grove Park.” The legislation provided that Henry Shaw, throughout his life, would be a member of the board with the others to be appointed for terms of five years by the Supreme Court of Missouri. It was also specified that upon Mr. Shaw's death he would be succeeded on the board by the Director of the Missouri Botanical Garden. On October 20, 1868, Mr. Shaw conveyed the land which was to become Tower Grove Park to the City of St. Louis. To finance the development of the park the city gave to the commissioners $360,000 derived froma special bond issue. There is a popular misconception that Tower Grove Park was endowed by Henry Shaw. However, all of the funds used in the original development and subsequent capital improvements of the park have been derived from the city and from gifts and bequests of public spirited citizens. While Mr. Shaw contributed virtually all the land and gave unstintingly of his energy and imagination to the park’s development, there is no record of his having used his personal funds except for the three noteworthy bronze statues and the other works of art inthe park. Mr. Shaw did not create an endowment forthe support and future development of the park. When Shaw conveyed his land tothe city for the park, he reserved a 200-foot strip around the perimeter to be rented by the park commissioners ‘for the purpose of erecting villa residences thereon only.” His idea was that St. Louisans, wanting to live near such a lovely area, would rent the ground under long-term leases and build impressive residences. The gross rentals received from the houses were to be paid over to Mr. Shaw and his heirs and assigns, undoubtedly with the intention it would help support the Garden. The brick house just east of the North Gate (Magnolia Avenue traffic entrance) was erected by Shaw evidently to serve as a model “villa.” But the English system of ground rents, by whichatenant improved the property, did not catch on in St. Louis, a city noted for its home ownership. The model was the only villa built. It still stands as do the columns which were erected 200 feet inside each pedestrian and carriage entrance to mark the boundaries of the land designated for residences. The deed conveying the land to the city contained a reverter clause Stating that, in the event the city did not comply with its provisions, the land would revert to the Missouri Botanical Garden. Since the commissioners failed to make the leases contemplated for the 200-foot strip, the trustees of the Garden brought legal action. The litigation was settled finally in 1925. The trustees of the Garden were authorized to release all their interest in the 200-foot strip to the City of St. Louis for $500,000, payable in ten equal installments of $50,000 each. The court decree further provided the 200-foot strip “be forever used and devoted by the City of St. Louis and its successors as and for public park, play and recreation grounds.” Thus, the 200-foot strip came under the full jurisdiction of the commissioners as a public park on the same terms as the original land grant by Mr. Shaw for this purpose. The Payne Tract There still remained a privately owned strip of land adjoining the park at the northwest corner, known as the Payne Tract. This contained about eight acres, which Shaw had stipulated must be acquired for the park. Before the end of 1926, all of the Payne Tract had been secured either by purchase or condemnation. Thus, the entire acreage (285) of what is now Tower Grove Park was acquired. From the time Mr. Shaw gave the park acreage to the city until his death, August 25, 1889, he was not only president of the Board of Commissioners but was the chief designer and supervisor inthe planning, develop- ment and maintenance of the park. 20,000 Trees More than 20,000 trees were planted on the almost treeless farm land, transforming it into a park that is still remarkable in its variety of foliage. These trees were gathered from many places around the world, started as nursery stock in Shaw’s Garden, and _ later transplanted. Mr. Shaw once commented on the tree planting in the park: “The finest and best trees adapted to the soil and climate of Missouri have been planted. Next to our native trees, northern Europe has furnished us with the greatest number of hardy, healthy species; also, a few from Siberia, China and Japan.” Among the kinds of trees were sugar maple, Norway and scarlet maple, sycamore, papaw, horse chestnut, white birch, shell bark hickory, wild cherry, redbud, gingko, dogwood, catalpa, persimmon, honey locust, butter- nut, black walnut, American and European larch, tulip, Osage orange, magnolias in variety, box elder, buckeye, peach, American crabapple, native and European linden, elm, sweet gum, and many species of oak. There were evergreens of many kinds — juniper, spruce, cedar, fir and pine. An early collection of trees was presented by John F. Darby, a well-known St. Louisan and former mayor, and these were planted in the eastern part of the park. Additional white dogwoods, gift of a generous friend of the park, were recently planted near the new concession. James Gurney, First Superintendent In the summer of 1866, Henry Shaw secured the services of James Gurney from England as chief gardener. Mr. Gurney worked closely with Mr. Shaw, devoting his time and effort to the Missouri Botanical Garden and Tower Grove Park. Upon Shaw’s death, Mr. Gurney was appointed as the first superintendent of Tower Grove Park, beginning a tradition of three generations of Gurney family service as_ park superintendents. James Gurney, until his death in 1920, made Tower Grove Park as much amonument to his labor and landscaping skill as did Henry Shaw with his generosity and foresight. It was said that every new tree of the original group, but three, was planted personally by Gurney or under his personal direction. (The three exceptions were planted by noted visitors on ceremonial occasions.) James Gurney learned gardening from his father, working as a youth in the famous Royal Botanic Gardens of Kew, England, where he was in charge of the aquatic plant section. Continuing his specialty in water lilies, he introduced their display in Tower Grove Park and Missouri Botanical Garden. Mr. Gurney’s idea of a city park was that it should be walled in by trees, giving the impression of a great forest. He wisely recognized that it must have its practical as well as ornamental side, and established public playgrounds and recreation fields. After James Gurney’s death in 1920, he was succeeded as park superintendent by his son, James Gurney, Jr., and he, in turn, was succeeded on his death in 1943 by his daughter, Bernice E. Gurney. Miss Gurney served until her retirement in 1976 andis nowa consultant to the Board of Commissioners. Thus, three generations of Gurneys have nurtured the park for over a century. All who enjoy Tower Grove Park owe much to their dedicated, faithful, devoted efforts. Ornamental Entrances Under Henry Shaw’s personal supervision, the transformation of a bare field to a verdant English park moved rapidly ahead. He oversaw the design of four stately carriage entrances and commissioned some of the finest artisans and craftsmen of the day to execute the ornamental stone and ironwork. The Kingshighway entrance, to which he always referred as “the West Gate at King’s Road,” was inspired by the works of Loudon, a noted English author on gardening and architecture. It features 40-foot stone towers with battlements and a vine-covered stone lodge for the gatekeeper, who faithfully opened the ornate iron gates every morning and closed them at sunset. The gates were ornamented by lamps. All masonry work at this entrance — towers, walls, and gatekeeper’s house — is of aroughfaced ashlar or dark grey limestone. The entrance remains virtually the same today as when it was built in 1870, except the gates are gone and the ornamental wellhouse which was located just east of the gatehouse has been removed. A member of the park staff now occupies the picturesque lodge. Visitors entering the park via the North Gate drive past 30-foot entrance columns adorned with limestone spheres that were originally in the dome of the Old Courthouse in downtown St. Louis. Mr. Shaw obtained them for the park when the Courthouse was being remodeled. Entrance iron work was designed and executed by Pauly & Brothers of St. Louis. The 200-foot perimeter strip (for the villas) at this entrance is marked by limestone pillars, each topped by a majestic stag. These zinc figures, weighing 700 pounds each, were The only “villa” ever built in accord with Henry Shaw’s English ground rent concept has been the home of the three generations of Gurneys who've served as superintendents. They’ve made Shaw’s dream a reality for more than 100 years. ihcwa: os cast in Berlin. Known as the Magnolia Avenue traffic entrance, it was constructed between 1868 and 1870. The Grand Avenue traffic entrance, known as the “East Gate,” was built in 1870. The iron work was by Shickle and Harrison of St. Louis. The large side piers of oblong blocks of dressed limestone are topped by griffins. According to ancient and medieval mythology, the griffin was an animal usually represented as across between a lion and an eagle and symbolized vigilance. The outer piers are ornamented with lions copied from Antonio Canova’s weeping lions which adorn the tomb of Pope Clement XIII in St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome. James Gurney stands on a Victoria regia water lily platter. Henry Shaw and companions outside the Grand Avenue carriage entrance, built in 1870. The guardian griffins, a cross between a lion and an eagle, symbolize vigilance. Their vigilance pays, because the park’s Victorian embellishments remain. So do the griffins (below). The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN is published 11 issues per year monthly except August, by the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. SUBSCRIPTION RATES: $5.00 per year, $6.00 foreign. These zinc figures, like the stags located just inside the North Gate, were designed and made in Berlin. Originally a gatekeeper’s house was located about 200 feet northwest of the entrance. It was a simple frame building “of pleasing design” and was to be replaced with an ornamental gatehouse in keeping with the other entrance gatehouses. Due to lack of funds, Shaw’s plan was never realized. The Arsenal Street traffic entrance, or “South Gate,” was built at the same time as the other main entrances in 1870 and 1871. The iron work was by Pauly & Brothers of St. Louis. The charming gatehouse at the South Gate is in “English country style,” and was completed in 1888, the last of the park buildings to be completed by Mr. Shaw before his death. A very sound building structurally, it is now restored for use as the park headquarters and visitors’ center. Close to this gatehouse is a charming “wellhouse,” one of twelve built in the late 1870's. A Bit of Architectural Antiquity No English park was complete without a pond on which children could launch their toy sailboats. Mr. Shaw obtained a gracefully tiered fountain for the sailboat aah he ca pee ou Alibi rae mls aby — The statue of German naturalist Alexander von Humboldt, a gift of Henry Shaw, was unveiled in 1878 amidst festivities including many German societies. arrangement of weathered stones and broken columns on the north edge of the pond is one of the park’s unmistakably Victorian features. During the mid- nineteenth century, authorities on landscape design invariably included in their plans “a bit of architectural antiquity,” preferably placed where it could reflect in water. In 1867, the elegant Lindell Hotel, located in downtown St. Louis on the present site of Stix, Baer & Fuller, burned to the ground. From the charred ruins, Henry Shaw salvaged a number of large stone blocks and columns. Although the hotel was only four years old when it burned, the heat of the fire and effects of the water had given the Joliet limestone blocks a weathered, ancient appearance. To the delight of park strollers and youngsters with sailboats the stones were arranged in a pleasing design on the pond’s edge. The Music Stand As Henry Shaw planned it, Tower Grove Park was to encompass beauty in all its forms, with music and works of art to enhance the natural beauty. The Music Stand, (see cover) a graceful octagonal pavilion witha Curved cupola, was built in 1872 and is located east of the Fountain Pond between the Main and North drives. It is encircled by white marble busts of Shaw’s favorite composers placed on pedestals of polished granite. These works of art were gifts of Mr. Shaw to the people of St. Louis. The busts of Mozart and Rossini were executed by Howard Kretschmar, St. Louis sculptor; Wagner and Beethoven by Ferdinand von Miller of Munich; Gounod and Verdi presumably by Ross C. Adams, the sculptor who did Juno and Victory in the Missouri Botanical Garden. The first concert given in the Music Stand was in 1873 and was followed by regular summer concerts on Sunday afternoons. An effort was made to supply first- class music “without making the programme so severely classical as to interfere with its general appreciation and enjoyment.” Early day notes show that Posthlewaite’s Band furnished the music in 1883 and the St. Louis Grand Orchestra participated on other occasions. Despite the number of carriages on the concourse on Sunday afternoons, it was reported that no serious accident had occurred to mar the concerts. The Music Stand is a favorite location for weddings in the park. It was recently wired for electricity and it is hoped that its use may be resumed for public entertainment. Statues Other works of art in the park were also part of Henry Shaw's plan. In 1878, he generously presented to the city two bronze statues which, at the time, were among the more noteworthy in the United States. The first presentation was the statue of Shakespeare which was unveiled on April 23, 1878, the 314th anniversary of the playwright’s birth. In the fewest possible words, Mr. Shaw formally presented the statue and Acting Mayor Lightner, in the absence of Mayor Overstolz, accepted the gift on behalf of the citizens of St. Louis. The statue was designed and executed in bronze by Ferdinand Miller of Munich, who later became the Baron von Miller and first president of the International Exhibition of Art. He had apparently been recommended to Mr. Shaw by his good friend and architect, George |. Barnett. Mr. Barnett was the first European-trained architect to reside and work in St. Louis. His designs include many of Tower Grove Park’s architectural highlights as well as the distinctive pedestals for the statues. On November 24, 1878, the second bronze statue, that of Alexander von Humboldt, German naturalist and Amazon explorer, was unveiled. This statue was executed by Miller, also. The presentation ceremony was a far more elaborate one, as it was an occasion for all the many German societies in the city to gather. Five turnvereins, the Saengerbund, Liederkranz and other groups participated. There was a long procession, band music, much oratory and masses of people packed into the park. Not including the pedestal and setting-up expenses, the cost of each statue delivered to St. Louis was $5,000. For many years, Mr. Shaw discussed with sculptor Miller his ideas for a statue of Columbus for Tower Grove Park. There was much amusingly revealing correspondence which gives an inkling of Mr. Shaw’s very determined ideas on the subject. At times he apparently wounded the artistic feelings of the sculptor, as Miller’s letters alternate between hurt pride and awareness of the generosity of his American benefactor whom he wanted to please. The heroic statue — the first bronze figure of Christopher Columbus in America — was unveiled in 1886. Friedrich von Steuben Since the generous gifts of Henry Shaw in the last century, only one statue has been added to the park and this very fitting and welcome addition stands north of “The Ruins.” It is the figure of Baron Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, whose military genius gained recognition in Prussia where he served as a military instructor and aide-de-camp to Frederick the Great. At the urging of Benjamin Franklin and others in Paris, he came to America, was appointed inspector-general under General George Washington, and immediately set about reorganizing and disciplining the American Revolutionary forces at Valley Forge. Promoted to the rank of major general, he served the Continental army with distinction and honor. The statue was given by the Se RS The first bronze statue of Columbus in the U.S., unveiled in 1886, was done by Baron von Miller of Munich, as were the Shakespeare (see cover) and von Humboldt statues— all three commissioned by Henry Shaw (left), One of the fanciful gazebos inspired by Shaw’s first European trip. German government to the St. Louis World’s Fair in 1904. In grateful recognition of von Steuben’s services to the American people in their struggle for liberty, the Richard Barthold Unit No. 28 of the Steuben Society of America presented the statue to Tower Grove Park on August 25, 1968. The sculptor is unknown. This welcome addition was made possible through the untiring efforts of Henry Bushmann, active Steuben Society member and loyal friend of the park. Gazebos Another distinctive feature of the park is its gazebos, the charming Victorian shelters which today are a special part of its unique atmosphere. On his first European trip, Henry Shaw was fascinated by the beauty of the gazebos in England in their varying styles — the Anglo-Chinese temple houses of Kew Gardens, the medieval structures in the royal parks of Windsor and Hampton Court, and the Tudor and Stuart summer houses reminiscent of watch towers. He later saw the temple gazebos of the Petit Trianon at Versailles in France, the solid “koepels,” or garden teahouses, in Holland, and the various Gothic gazebos in Germany, Spain and Italy. When he designed his “ornamental pleasure gar- dens” in Tower Grove Park, he built ten gazebos, adaptations of those he had seen on his travels. He called them structures “for posterity,” designed to “afford shelter from showers and sunshine” and provide places “where a drink of refreshing water’ could be had. The large gazebo near the Arsenal Street traffic entrance was designed originally as a dovecot, with the base of the top cupola “arranged for pigeons and other birds.” Near the East Gate is the largest of the shelters, its tin roof entirely supported by wood columns. Built in 1874, itis known as the “Sons of Rest Shelter” because of its frequent use by older persons. An attractive feature to park visitors is the Chinese Pagoda with its delightfully fierce dragon heads. Another gazebo was once the center of a children’s playground and trellised croquet court. Some of these fanciful structures protected wells that provided drinking water for visitors. Across from the Fountain Pond is the building which was once the center of a parking area for carriages and horses, a convenience for those attending the concerts or strollers through the famed water gardens. Architects There remains some uncertainty about the exact contributions of various architects to Tower Grove Park. An Historic American Buildings Survey (known better by its acronym HABS) commissioned by the Board of Commissioners in 1974 and 1975 clarified considerably the respective roles of Henry Shaw, Francis Tunica, Eugene L. Greenleaf, Henry Thiele, and George |. Barnett as architectural contributors to the structural beauty of the park. From evidence derived from the HABS extensive research, it is no surprise that Henry Shaw is revealed to be the chief designer of the park, working in close collaboration with the architects he employed. It is probable that Shaw, working in concert with Francis Tunica, employed as engineer and architect of the park in the years 1868-71, designed and supervised the building of the first and only “villa” in the 200-foot perimeter strip. This is now the Gurney residence. Other contributions of this team include the North Gate and gatehouse (the latter no longer standing), the East Gate and its former gatehouse, West Gate and gatehouse, stable, stone house near the stable, and six bridges. Eugene L. Greenleaf is credited with various park pavilions erected in 1871-72, after the end of Tunica’s employment. These include the children’s playground shelter, ornamental wellhouses, the Music Stand, Sons of Rest Shelter, Turkish Pavilion, and the lily pond summer house. Henry Thiele apparently drew maps and other plans for the park, as well as designed the Chinese summer house and other summer houses and wells. George |. Barnett designed both palm houses, the South Gate and the beautiful gatehouse restored in 1976 for use as the park headquarters and visitors’ center. He did the pedestals for the park’s major statues. Since Barnett and Shaw were close friends, it is quite possible that he collaborated informally on other plans and designs for the park, and the other architects may have been Barnett associates at some time, or at least may have been referred by him to Shaw. The Passing Years Through the years, annual reports and records have chronicled the accomplishments and problems of Tower Grove Park and the city it graces. The first annual report, published in January, 1871, by Comp- troller Henry Shaw, furnished an inventory of property and estimates for the coming year. It lists stables and sheds built for horses and vehicles, tools, towers, stone piers, entrances, iron bridges, and a house for the foreman and stableman. Stamps and stationery cost $70.87 that year. With the passing years, Tower Grove Park remained one of the unchanging facets in the neighborhood, its unique features lovingly and faithfully preserved and carrying the 19th century into the 20th. The park’s records reflect major events in the history of the city and of the nation. Parts of St. Louis were leveled by the devastating tornados of 1896 and 1927. The park suffered damage but survived. Its priceless trees were threatened by the smoke from the soft coal burned by industries and residences. Successful measures were taken in the mid-’30s and '40s to clean up the air. The trees, and those responsible for their care, breathed easier again. The thirties brought the great depression and homeless people sleeping in the park at times. An unusually severe heat wave also forced many, in those days before air conditioning, to leave their homes fora cool night’s sleep in the park. Bernice Gurney, Superintendent World War Il had erupted when Bernice Gurney, daughter of James Gurney, Jr., and granddaughter of James Gurney, Sr., became park superintendent and secretary to the Board andin her first annual report she noted that “Tower Grove Park was contributing much in helping maintain community morale... by making possible the relaxation through recreation so vitally essential during a war year.” Manpower was in short supply in the war years anda ‘‘boypower” program was tried, with elementary and high school boys permitted to take full and part-time jobs to assist with summer maintenance. Judo instruction and a “junior comman- do” program were added to the children’s recreation program. The recreation program has continued to expand through the years, with square and folk dancing, tennis Clinics and instruction, baseball, softball, corkball, soccer, bicycling, hiking and jogging popular. The park is the scene of many Scouting activities, as well as neighborhood fairs and festivals, art exhibits, antique car displays, sing-outs, concerts and weddings. Tennis Pro Earl Buchholz, Sr., teaches a group of novice tennis players — a handful among thousands Earl has taught under ales auspices of a Tower Grove Park tennis program sponsored by the St. Louis Jaycees. Memorial to Henry Shaw Although Tower Grove Park exists because of the generosity of Henry Shaw, there was nothing in the park to indicate this fact until 1952. The Board of Commissioners at various times had considered the subject of a memorial to him, but nothing seemed appropriate. The park had become a tennis center and its clay courts were much in demand, but difficult and expensive to maintain. The Board decided to construct a new tennis facility to be known as the Henry Shaw Memorial Tennis Courts. The plans provided for twelve all-weather lighted courts and a dignified stone entrance archway to complement the natural setting and other structures in the park. A paved square dance area was provided, also. The dedication ceremony on August 3, 1952 inciud- ed the unveiling of a bronze tablet bearing a bas-relief profile of Shaw which had been transferred from its Original location on the pedestal of the Humboldt statue. The event.inspired Irving Dilliard of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch to write an editorial: ‘“‘Onlooker at a Tennis Court’’ “Henry Shaw had no children. In fact he never married. When he died... he was in his 90th year — a venerable survivor of a generation that had closed ahead of him. But old Henry Shaw had spent those extra years thinking about the children-to-be of the city he had adopted as his own... He knew that people liked to walk in green parks, such as he had known in London. He remembered how boys and girls played games and enjoyed the pools and flowers. And so, after he retired, he gave St. Louis his Tower Grove estate for apark... “At 2 0'clock this afternoon a stone gatehouse witha long forgotten bronze bas-relief of Henry Shaw, and 12 all-weather tennis courts will be dedicated in Tower Grove Park. There is something pleasing about the thought that, in memory of the grand old man who had no children, tennis balls will soon be whizzing over the net as sun-bronzed boys and girls leap in the air to smash hits... “Yes, the kindly spirit of old bachelor Henry Shaw is certain to move along the sidelines when the first love game is played on Tower Grove’s new courts.” In later years, two more plaques, the work of American sculptor William C. Severson, were placed in the Henry Shaw Memorial Tennis Gatehouse. One is of Dr. George T. Moore, who was president of the park’s Board of Commissioners from 1925 to 1949 and Director of the Missouri Botanical Garden from 1912- 1953. The other plaque is of the three Gurneys who have served as park superintendents. The unveiling of these plaques was held July 19, 1958. The all-weather lighted tennis courts have continued to be an important asset in helping to meet the increased interest in this sport. Year-round tour- naments (including the midwinter Polar Bear) and exhibitions are held on the courts and attract citywide competitive play and name pros, as well as give much pleasure to the spectating public. The Tower Grove Tennis Club (largest in the city) and pro Earl Buchholz, Sr., have for many years cooperated in an ongoing training program of high quality for junior players. Under the able leadership of Buchholz, thousands of boys and girls have developed their skills and many tennis scholarships have been earned. Fountain Pond Benefactors Over the years the Fountain Pond and its Victorian “ruins” had fallen into disrepair. In 1970, a bequest from the late Elsie Strobel made it possible to renovate, clean and deepen the pond. The stones from the burned Lindell Hotel were placed in their original arrangement and the graceful balustrade was restored. Miss Strobel, a teacher in the St. Louis schools, had spent many happy hours bird watching in Tower Grove Park and her generosity assured that at least one prominent feature of the park she loved would provide enjoyment for future generations. The original Victorian fountain was restored and lighted in 1975 through the generosity of Mrs. Oscar E. Buder. The gift was made in memory of her husband who had served as a distinguished member of the Board of Commissioners for 31 years. Members of the Buder family attended the fountain lighting ceremony, recalling happy childhood days when they sailed toy boats on the pond. Financial Needs Several business concerns have made substantial gifts, enabling the commissioners to improve the park facilities in various ways. These corporate gifts have been of significant value because they have met special urgent needs. Another recent gift made it possible to begin improvements on the playground. A much-needed new concession building was completed in time for the opening of the 1976 summer season. This essential facility and the restoration of the Arsenal Street gatehouse for the park headquarters are only partially financed. Other restorations and new installations are needed. Structural members of some of the gazebos should be replaced, and the Gurney home near the North Gate, the only ‘villa’ constructed by Henry Shaw, is in need of major repairs. There is a serious problem in financing and maintenance of the park. Caring for historic buildings is extremely expensive. Many of these are in need of an almost complete renovation. There are other priorities — a recreation area for senior citizens in the Grand-Magnolia vicinity, repair and cleaning of statuary, major repairs to drives and walks, the tennis court renovation and new courts to accommodate the increased interest in the sport. An imaginative new children’s playground with many innovative features is under consideration. In collaboration with the Missouri State Conservation Department, a long-range reforestation program for the park’s priceless heritage of trees is being planned. Without a continuing program of restoration and preservation, there is no way to avoid a gradual, but progressive deterioration of the park and its facilities. At stake is not only the future of the park, but of the south central area of the city for which Tower Grove Park and the Missouri Botanical Garden provide a vital anchor. The policy of the Board of Commissioners has been to develop and preserve the park to the best of its ability, to keep its historic atmosphere, and to have it provide the neighborhood and metropolitan communi- ty with the recreational resources for which it is fitted. The park’s major function is to provide recreation ina setting of beauty and interest, and thus stimulate an enduring residential community on the south side. The Dedicated Park Staff The operation and maintenance costs have always been less than most parks of comparable size. This very efficient and effective operation has been ac- complished by a small, but very loyal and dedicated, staff which is deeply involved in the park and has given many years of devoted service to it. Until her retirement in 1976, this staff has been under the able leadership of Bernice E. Gurney, superintendent for 33 years. Miss Gurney was most capably assisted by Lawrence Weinreich who retired in 1968 after almost 50 years of service, 38 years of which he served as park foreman. When park visitors admire its natural beauty, they do not know how deeply indebted they are to the inspired genius and efficient service of August Fogt, landscape gardener and foreman. Gus is now in his 20th year of service of Tower Grove Park. IN CONCLUSION As alluded to earlier, a widespread misconception exists that Henry Shaw left an endowment for the maintenance of the park. However, from the outset — and spelled out in the deed conveying the land to the city — was the agreement that the city would appropriate funds annually for the maintenance and operation of the park. Considerable credit is due recent city administrations that, in spite of a shrinking municipal tax base, a sincere effort has been made to meet the park’s basic maintenance needs. Basic maintenance, however, will not assure the preservation of the park and its architectural features. Community Development funds are assisting to a limited extent with gazebo restoration and necessary repairs to walks and streets. The only other sources of income are occasional gifts and bequests from public-spirited citizens who appreciate the priceless heritage which is Tower Grove Park. The Board of Commissioners has followed a policy of using gifts and bequests with some matching grants for the restoration of the park’s historic buildings, statuary and other unusual features. Reforestation is among the priorities and an effort is now under way to clear overgrown shrubbery and reforest with trees selected for their unusual interest and beauty which are adapted to the climate of Missouri, following the pattern established by Henry Shaw. Throughout the changing times, the park’s charm has remained unchanged. The lions still repose peacefully atop the outer piers of the East Gate and the fanciful griffins stand guard as one enters the treelined Main Drive. Winding footpaths lead one past whimsical gazebos, the wellhouses, the Music Stand and its esplanade encircled with marble busts of the great classical composers. Two of the eight columns are not adorned with statuary. Henry Shaw had planned for likenesses of Donizetti and Sir Arthur Sullivan to complete his “musical circle,” but he died before arrangements were completed with the sculptor. It is one of the few details of his plans for Tower Grove Park left undone and it is somehow appropriate that the commissioners have left it incomplete as a silent tribute to this great man. The vision of Henry Shaw of a “place of beauty to be enjoyed by St. Louisans in all walks of life” became a reality over a century ago. His dream place has been carefully nurtured and preserved. To endure for future generations, it must continue to have the help and support of St. Louis people who share Shaw's love of our City, devotion to our rich architectural and cultural heritage, and dedication to beauty in all its forms. — ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS — Clarissa Start, feature writer, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, who did most of the research and wrote copy. Mrs. Robert Drohlich, Robert Drohlich Associates, Public Relations Counselors, editorial work. Paul A. Kohl, Missouri Botanical Garden, helpful copy suggestions. Rosalie K. Buckley: “Tower Grove Park — A Gift To A City,” Gardenfest Gazette, 1976. Bernice E. Gurney, Consultant, Board of Com- missioners, Tower Grove Park, investigative work and many helpful suggestions. Dr. David H. Nicholson, Commissioner, Tower Grove Park, copy revisions and project coordinator. Eldridge Lovelace, Commissioner, Tower Grove Park, copy revision. , Mrs. John W. Calhoun, Commissioner, Tower Grove Park, photography. All other Commissioners for helpful copy suggestions. TOWER GROVE PARK, 4255 Arsenal Street, St. Louis, Mo. 63116 (314) 771-2679 BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS Appt Mis Orn WV CRIOUNY oc 5 cas exh de eae See ee es 1965 Blt. 2.2 1 Si ©: (0 (| dagen a 1971 Carrow G. Gilpitt.. <<<2s5s0000%4 be riey sae ve ews 1966 CIOMrIMI OU KTAMO?! «ii Vis oes ca eens ca deeiaads 1971 Bree tt, COVOICS. 5.065 6s i cordon tees esas 1971 De bars rie NIGNOISON, <.c4 on ead 654 edad acaes 1950 Dr. Peter H. Raven........... 0... ccc cece eens 1971 OFFICERS Robert J. Gaddy, President Eldridge H. Lovelace, Vice President M. Colleen Stuetzer, Secretary Mrs. John W. Calhoun, Treasurer PARK SUPERINTENDENTS Se NEY oa 5-4 y-5s-hsv eos ee eew ee ee 1889-1920 POEOS CAMNCY ll ose eso oe ee nae aees Bees 1920-1943 Bernice E. Gurney...................000. 1943-1976 Meee F. LIGTISON 665 n sdk ve ccnwka wees eee 1976- The companionship of the long distance runners. The park provides “The West Gate of King’s Road,” Henry Shaw called the for many leisure needs of area residents of all ages and interests. Kingshighway entrance. The imposing battlements, inspired by Loudon, were built in 1870. FORMER COMMISSIONERS Henry Shaw........ 0.0.0.0 eee eee 1867-1889 William H. Dittmann .............. 1901-1930 Charles P. Chouteau.............. 1867-1901 Dr. George T. Moore.............. 1912-1953 James P. Thomas................. 1867-1874 Otto L. Teichmann................ 1916-1919 William F. Ferguson .............. 1867-1889 Oscar E. Buder................... 1919-1950 Adolphus Meier ................-. 1867-1889 William S. Bedal.................. 1921-1966 Robert A. Barnes ................. 1874-1886 Louis Stockstrom................. 1924-1945 John H. Lightner ................. 1884-1893 Henry W. Gildehaus .............. 1931-1932 William Trelease...............06. 1889-1912 Louis A. Hoerr.................... 1932-1933 Henry C. Haarstick ............... 1889-1916 Edmund R. Kinsey................ 1934-1955 George O. Carpenter ............. 1893-1924 Arthur Stockstrom................ 1946-1961 Julius S. Walsh...............005. 1893-1921 Fred J. Hoffmeister ............... 1947-1966 Joseph F. Holland ................ 1947-1958 John S. Lehmann................. 1953-1954 Dr. Edgar Anderson .............. 1954-1956 Emmet J. Layton ..............05. 1955-1971 Dr. Hugh C. Cutler ............... 1957-1958 Dr. Frits W. Went ................. 1958-1963 Raymond R. Tucker .............. 1958-1970 George A. Killenberg ............. 1962-1964 Henry Hitchcock ................. 1964-1965 Dr. David M. Gates ............... 1965-1971 Arthur Schwatz..........6.0 000005 1966-1971 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 2345 Tower Grove Avenue Saint Louis, Missouri 63110 With this special Tower Grove Park issue the Bulletin expands to 12 issues per year. Membership and tribute listings will return in September's issue. A SECOND-CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT ST. LOUIS, MO. Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin DAFFODILS SPRING ETERNAL The Shaw Arboretum’s superb and _ historically significant naturalized daffodil collection has con- tinued to increase in extent each year. Digging and separation of the bulb clumps have been long overdue. So, this spring, Dr. William M. Klein, assistant director of the Garden, and David Goudy, superintendent of the Shaw Arboretum, realized that harvesting the excess bulbs would not only improve the display but also provide an opportuni- ty to share with members, new and old, a ‘thank you” dividend from the Arboretum at Gray Summit. (For details, see the announcement in this issue.) Narcissus, the genus to which daffodils belong, have been grown by English and Dutch commercial growers and breeders since the 1880s. U.S. domestic produc- tion and breeding were delayed until the 1920s when U.S.D.A. Quarantine 37 was imposed on plant materials from abroad. Some European growers then moved to America and settled on both coasts where conditions favor daffodil production. Mechanized cultivation of bulbs originated in the U.S. Most of the early hybridizing, both here and abroad, concentrated on modifying and improving size, shape and color. A major part of the important work of selecting and evaluating narcissus varieties for peren- nial hardiness and dependability appears to have been initiated here at the Missouri Botanical Garden by Dr. Edgar Anderson and the St. Louis Chapter of the American Daffodil Society. Fortunately they had ample material to work with because, at regular intervals since the Shaw Arboretum was first acquired, many Cultivars and varieties of narcissus have been planted, primarily in the Pinetum area. The plantings were enlarged and carefully studied, especially in the period 1938 to 1942. Those varieties observed to have a sufficiently rugged constitution to compete with bluegrass turf were moved into the natural amphitheater adjacent to the collection of oriental crabapples. Then 30 other previously tested varieties were set aut in the same area. The objective was to provide a continuous and massive display from the time of the yellow trumpet daffodils in early March until the last of the Poeticus Narcissi some two months later. In subsequent years, these bulbs have been largely undisturbed and have multiplied profusely. Each clump of daffodils may now contain several hundred bulbs and the collection as a whole must run literally to the millions. Dr. Anderson, who contributed so much to the fields of taxonomy and ethnobotany during his 46 years at the Missouri Botanical Garden, was particularly fond of Volume LXIV) Number 9 September 1976 daffodils. He wrote several articles on narcissi for the Bulletin (1934, 1942, 1946) and devoted much time and energy to the evaluation and improvement of the Garden's collections. In the late 1950s, together with Dr. Fritz Went, Dr. Anderson organized a Daffodil Committee at the Garden to pursue several objectives: developing a daffodil display and test area for visitors to use as an aid in selecting varieties for use in their own gardens; cultivating and propagating a large number of un- named hybrids willed to Dr. Anderson by Edwin Powell, a well-known hybridizer from the East Coast: and, most significantly, observing and selecting hardy varieties of narcissi which would withstand St. Louis’ late freezes and detrimental weather. This work continued more than five years. Subse- quently, the St. Louis Chapter of the American Daffodil Society was disbanded and Garden priorities revised. In 1976, however, we are finally accomplishing one of the goals of Dr. Anderson’s Daffodil Committee — distributing narcissus bulbs to gardeners throughout the St. Louis area. September and October are the best months to plant narcissi. A deep, heavy but well-drained soil is ideal for successful cultivation. All bulbs should be covered toa depth of one and one half times the length of the bulb. Shallower planting tends to make the bulbs split up too quickly while deeper planting reduces the height of the stem and makes the narcissia little late in flowering. An application of bone meal is beneficial at planting and as a top dressing in subsequent years and it is advisable to apply a light mulch soon after the ground has frozen. Three to four weeks of leaf growth following flowering is sufficient and the leaves can then be removed. Narcissi are generally thought to be most effective when the plantings are naturalized in a meadow or woodland. They are excellent in semiformal lawn areas and can be grown in lawns which are mowed regularly as long as mowing is not undertaken for a month or so after flowering. Narcissi can be forced in pots or bowls and do extremely well in rock gardens. Several species of dwarf narcissus are used in groups on rock gardens. The words “daffodil” and ‘“narcissus” are often used interchangeably. The genus Narcissus which contains about 60 species is divided horticulturally into sections called ‘Divisions,’ dependent on flower form and species origin. Varieties related to the jonquil have very sweet- scented flowers, oils from which are used in perfumes. Their flowers are smaller than daffodils and usually clustered two or three on a stem. In fact, the true jonquil, Narcissus jonquilla, does not do. well throughout most of the U.S. and is seldom seen here. The Royal Horticultural Society acts as the inter- national registration authority for narcissus cultivars. A classification system developed by the Society in 1909 is used to identify the thousands of varieties of daffodil listed in garden encyclopedias and catalogues. DAFFODIL DIVIDEND FOR ESTABLISHED MEMBERS Established Garden members who present their membership card at the Plant Shop between September 15 and November 1 will receive a package of daffodil bulbs with growing instructions. Supplies are limited, so please hurry. The bulbs are also being offered as an inducement in our September solicitation of new members. Even established members may receive a new membership solicitation because the length of lists used did not allow us to cross-check all names. If this happens to you, don't be confused. Just pass the membership offer along to a friend and help the Garden grow. Daffodils have a special association with the Garden as explained in another article in this issue. This is our way of saying thank you to our old friends and welcome to Our new ones. THE NATION’S LEADING COLLEGE BOTANY TEXT IS BY, GUESS WHO? With the Missouri Botanical Garden’s director, preeminence has become as habitual as brushing teeth. The 685-page text, Biology of Plants, by Peter H. Raven, Ray F. Evert and Helena Curtis, has moved into first place as the best selling college textbook in botany. The second edition has sold more than 30,000 copies since it went into print six months ago. The new first-ranked text, published by Worth Publishers, Inc., 444 Park Avenue South, New York, N.Y. 10016, has been translated into Italian and Spanish, and features nearly 1,000 illustrations documenting every facet of plant growth, development and evolution. Well organized and clearly written, Biology of Plants reveals such intriguing marvels and mysteries as the evolution of the flower, its relations with pollinating insects and other animals, the complex web of interlocking influences and conditions which con- stitute ecology, and thorough discussions of plant structures and their functions. To the director and his colleagues, congratulations. All of us may be justly proud — and botanically better informed. Biology of Plants is available at the Garden Gate Shop for $15.95 or directly from the publisher (above) for an additional 75 cents for postage and handling. The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN is published 12 issues per year monthly by the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. SUBSCRIPTION RATES: $5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign. A MULTI-FACETED AMBIANCE OF BOXWOOD: A NEW GARDEN FEATURE EDITOR'S NOTE: This is the second of two stories announcing an exciting new garden within the Garden. The first, a history of boxwood and a tribute to Edgar Anderson, appeared in your July, 1976 BULLETIN. The Edgar Anderson Memorial Boxwood Garden lies between the Anne L. Lehmann Rose Garden and the Japanese Garden. Originally a flat, uninteresting and vacant site, it has been contoured into an inviting landscape of mounds and terraces where soon a garden will start to grow. The design for the Edgar Anderson Memorial Boxwood Garden represents a close collaboration between architect Karl D. Pettit III of the firm of Eugene J. Mackey and Associates, and Harriet Rodes Bakewell, landscape architect. The “ground sculpture” in this three-and-one-half acre site uses the excess earth from the lake in the adjacent Japanese Garden. Changes of elevation in the basic design of the Boxwood Garden add im- measurably to the opportunities for an element of surprise and allow for a much wider use of the many varieties of boxwood than might otherwise have been possible. Harriet Rodes Bakewell and Kar! D. Pettit I11 — designers of the Edgar Anderson Memorial Boxwood Garden — confer in the boxwood nursery at the Missouri Botanical Garden. Both designers have been involved with renovation projects at the Missouri Botanical Garden since October of 1973. As the daughter of Dr. George T. Moore, Director of the Garden from 1912 to 1954, Harriet Bakewell knows the Garden well and is pleased to contribute to the creation of the Edgar Anderson Memorial Boxwood Garden. “In approaching the design of a garden,” says Karl Pettit, “it becomes the intriguing task to understand and shape the garden’s landscape as a sculpture — an integrated sequence of three dimensional space. People respond inherently to space and are affected by its elements, elements such as paths, edges, gates, domains and places (symbolic or actual) which can be expressed by nature as well as by hard-edged architectural forms. “It becomes the task of the imaginative and sensitive designer to develop a garden plan which with cunning intrigues and lures a person through a total garden experience by making use of the traditional spatial elements in a natural way. These elements must be used and designed in proper sequence and with sensitivity to human scale, and arespect for the unique nature of plant material. “With an organic design, we are blessed with the treat of an ever-changing pattern. A garden will offer new experiences with the drift of time through seasons. A garden will evoke different emotions with changes in sunlight.” The Anderson Garden will focus on the Midwest- hardy boxwoods in which Dr. Anderson took great interest. He sought to disprove the St. Louis notion that although boxwood is beautiful, it can’t be grown here. These hardy boxwoods will be displayed in orderly or in some cases mixed groups assembled in a succes- sion of terraces or garden “rooms.” The rooms or subgardens will provide a series of boxwood ex- periences which will show the plant in its diversity of size, form and manner of growth, and in its full range of leaf color, size and shape. Says Karl Pettit: “The designer must insure that specific subgardens provide a proper setting for boxwood display. There must be an integration and continuity to prevent the garden becoming a single chain of isolated and unrelated events.” The Boxwood Garden is organized along a primary southeast to northwest axis which runs down through the succession of terraces varying in scale. A secon- dary axis runs parallel to the primary axis and will lead the visitor to more intimate garden rooms and, by a spiral path, upward around an intriguing planted earth mound capped with asmall kiosk shelter. From the top, the visitor will be rewarded with a beautiful overview of the Boxwood Garden from this shaded perch. “The designer should be selective and creative when providing a view or framing an architectural structure,” Karl adds. If we enter the Boxwood Garden from the southeast walk, we will discover a small pond engaged with the entrance terrace. This pond is the water source for a small woodland stream which becomes the waterfall in the Japanese Garden. “Thus, through this water event, the two major gardens are subtly linked,” Karl explains. Continuing down the primary axis from the entrance terrace, we will enter the Balkan room. It is strongly defined by a serpentine fieldstone fountain wall to the south and a kidney-shaped mound on the north. The Balkan room will display the Anderson Balkan box- woods, including Buxus sempervirens ‘Edgar Ander- son.’ The Boxwood Study Group of the St. Louis Herb Society, forerunner of the Boxwood Society of the Midwest, named this sturdy and handsome boxwood for Edgar Anderson in 1973. Dr. Peter H. Raven, Director, says that in this room there will be amemorial to Edgar Anderson, recognizing his many years of service to the Missouri Botanical Garden and honoring him for his great scientific and botanical achievements. From the Balkan room a visitor moves onto the grand terrace with along, dramatic view to the teahouse in the Japanese Garden. This view once again links the neighboring gardens with designed intent. “The gardens should join as naturally as the fingers of folded hands,” Karl says. The grand terrace is embraced by evergreen conifers and a judicious mixture of boxwood cultivars selected specifically to display variety in color and texture. The grand terrace will be presided over by a handsome specimen beech tree on the west. From the grand terrace, we will continue down the primary axis through two increasingly smaller terraces embraced by massive boxwood cultivars such as The parterre garden, a contemporary realization of a Renaissance design concept. (From a model.) Buxus sempervirens ‘Ste. Genevieve’ and B. semp. ‘Hermann von Schrenk.’ Both of these plants were named and registered by the study group on behalf of the Missouri Botanical Garden. Clones of both are being propagated at the Garden by the Boxwood Society. “The design intent of this sequence,” says Karl, “is to impress dramatically upon the visitor the mass capabilities of boxwood.” As these plants reach maturity, their density of foliage and magnificent serenity will contribute to the “hint of mystery” which Harriet Bakewell says must be a part of every boxwood garden. The secondary axis leads the interested visitor to a secret parterre garden, an Asian room, and to the spiral mound. The parterre garden, which comes as a delightful surprise as the visitor rounds a great holly tree (/lex opaca) hedge, is the only formal planting in the Anderson Garden. The parterre garden was a favored device of the landscape designers who created the elaborate and sumptuous “pleasure gardens” which flourished during the Renaissance when garden emphasis shifted from the utilitarian to the beautiful. The name comes from the Old French par terre, meaning ‘on the ground.’ While in some early par terres colored stones rather than plants were used to create a design, the term came to mean a rather low flower garden with beds and paths geometrically arranged to form a pattern. In the Anderson Garden the designers have adapted this historic concept to the modern scale and manner. It is a perfect example of another of Karl Pettit’s design precepts: “Healthy input can be drawn from tradition.” The focal point of the parterre room will be an oval bed. An all-weather path makes the bed completely accessible by foot or by wheelchair — one of the benevolent Mr. Shaw’s original priorities for his Garden. Courses of mellowed brick divide the bed into quadrants where flowers or herbs will bloom in season. East of the bed a serpentine wall will create privacy. Ina few years, the Boxwood Society hopes to place boxwood topiary (plant sculpture shaped with shears) in each of the wall’s four bays. Planting of the boxwoods is scheduled to begin in spring 1977. Then the Edgar Anderson Memorial Boxwood Garden will grow into the rich and rewarding opportunity to experience the expressive range of boxwood in all its many nuances. This will be a fitting tribute to a great botanist who loved and promoted these historic and subtly provocative garden ornamen- tals — a tribute respectfully created with much help from many friends, but especially by the sensitive and ingenious imaginations of two excellent landscape architects. Mary A. Gamble, President Boxwood Society of the Midwest HOW THE GARDEN HELPS PRESERVE TROPICAL FLORA The collection of herbarium specimens is one of the best ways to preserve a portion of the rapidly disappearing tropical flora. The Garden’s Botany Department maintains a collection of about 2.5 million herbarium specimens. These pressed, dried, and labeled plants or portions of plants are attached to high quality paper, stored in metal cases, and, with proper care, which on a per specimen basis amounts to only pennies a year, will be available for study for generations to come. When the first herbarium specimens were made some 450 years ago, only a minimum of plant information could be acquired from them because of primitive techniques and equipment. Modern techni- ques make it possible to acquire vast amounts of submicroscopic and chemical information from these simply prepared specimens. Yet more refined techni- ques in the future promise even more knowledge of unique plant features — much of it currently un- suspected. Perhaps some day it will even be possible to grow plants from specimens thought to be long dead. In the last year, approximately 54,000 specimens were acquired by the Garden’s herbarium through purchase, exchange and as gifts. Of these, most were from tropical areas: over 18,400 from the American tropics and over 18,300 from Africa. In addition to these 54,000, staff members in the Botany Department collected some 5,000 specimens. These were all from tropical areas, particularly Panama, Colombia, and Peru, where we have active, long-range collecting-research programs. In recent years, staff members have collected in other tropical areas ... eastern Africa, Madagascar, Ceylon, and most of tropical America. While much can be learned from herbarium specimens, it is far better to permanently preserve areas of tropical forests. It is impossible to study complex plant-animal interactions from herbarium specimens. It is impossible to sample the entire spectrum of the forests’ biota in the short amount of time usually available to any single collector. The Department's staff cooperates extensively with botanists from tropical areas in recommending areas to be set aside as preserves and in studying existing preserves. 3-DAY PLANT SALE — SAVE 20% The Missouri Botanical Garden’s Plant Shop, in the Floral Display House, will double the usual 10% member discount from Saturday, October 2, through Monday, October 4. Cash in on this 20%- off fall plant sale for three days, 9 a.m. to5 p.m. Need an exotic tropical plant for home or office? Mark your calendar now. Please bring your own boxes or containers. THE DESTRUCTION OF THE TROPICS* By Peter H. Raven The following story is reprinted by courtesy of Frontiers Magazine. The notion that humans could, and indeed should, attempt to classify and name all other kinds of organisms goes back some three centuries. Even in the 16th century, naturalists had begun to write books including several thousand kinds of plants or animals instead of the several hundred that would be familiar in any one local area. The Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus began our modern system of naming plants and animals in the mid-18th century. Linnaeus and his contemporaries, from the vantage point of northern Europe, thought that the number of species of plants and animals in the world was relatively limited — probably more than 50,000 in all. Exploration of the tropics, where probably two-thirds of all species of organisms occur, had barely begun, and collecting was mostly confined to the vicinity of the seaports, where weeds and a few aggressive kinds of animals had spread widely all over the tropical portions of the world. So far, names have been given to approximately 1.5 million kinds of plants and animals, but for the great majority of these, we know only a name, a very few characteristics and a locality. Probably fewer than half of these species have been mentioned anywhere in the literature even once following their original descrip- tion. In order to assign a name to a plant or animal it is necessary to publish a description with the name and to associate the name with a particular specimen. This specimen becomes the type of the species and, like the standard meter, becomes a reference point for assigning that name to any individual collected subse- quently. How many species remain to be named? Estimates vary, but the numbers of new species that are routinely encountered in many groups of organisms, particularly in collections from the tropics, suggests that there are at least twice as many yet to be named as have already been given names. Naturally, the distribution of these unnamed and mostly unknown species is not equal. In temperate regions, perhaps a million of the estimated 1.5 million species have been named; butin the tropics, no more than one in six — perhaps 500,000 of an estimated three million species — have been brought to the attention of science. Our chances of collecting and naming these “missing” species, so that any record of their existence might be made available to future generations, or so that anything about their potentially useful or other properties might be known, is decreasing rapidly. The reason is the rapid growth of human populations, especially in the tropics. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) estimates that about 40% of the tropical forests of the world have been destroyed during the past 150 years. Virtually all of the remainder will have been cut before the end of this century, during which time the populations of all tropical countries will at least double, given present rates of growth. According again to the FAO, by the year 1985 some 26 tropical countries, with an aggregate population of 365 million people, will be unable to provide sufficient food to allow their inhabitants to avoid gradual Starvation. In addition, there is a rapidly increasing population of some 400 million people who make their living by slash and burn techniques in tropical forests, growing crops for a year or two and then moving on. Since all of the tropical forests will be destroyed during the next 25 years, it is difficult to avoid the conclusion that up to a billion people will starve to death in the tropics during the next three decades. During this period all natural communities in the tropics will be totally destroyed before we can even begin to understand them or to learn how to use them for human benefit. It was not until the explorations of the great German scientist Alexander von Humboldt in Latin America from 1799 to 1804 that the immense richness of tropical life began to be appreciated. In the American tropics alone, the richest in terms of species of plants and animals of the world’s three major tropical areas, there are probably over a million unnamed and mostly uncollected species of organisms. A majority of these will become extinct during the next 25 years, and most will never have been collected even once by the time they disappear from the face of the earth. Most tropical countries, struggling under the burden of explosive population growth and inadequate food supplies, a severe energy shortage and runaway inflation, simply do not have the resources to study the biological communities upon which they are dependent, or to build up the kinds of institutions that would allow them to do so. The so-called developed countries of the world, a few of which have the capacity to produce an excess of food, are devoting relatively insignificant levels of effort to the tropics, even though world Stability ultimately depends on what happens there. Billions of dollars have been spent on the exploration of the moon, and we now know far more about the moon than we do about the rainforests of say, western Colombia. The moon will be there far longer than these forests, and perhaps longer than the human race also. In the forests are found the most complex interacting systems on earth, systems which might even hold the key to our survival, and about which we know practically nothing. Would it not be prudent, during this our Bicentennial Year, to consider allocating more funds for the study of tropical plants and animals while we are still able to do so? Copyright © 1976 by FRONTIERS, published by The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Mrs. Anne L. Lehmann holds her favorite variety of rose, a Tiffany, while viewing some 5,000 rose plants in the breath-taking panorama of beauty which, during June 4 festivities of Rose Evening, became the Anne L. Lehman Rose Garden, a fitting tribute to honor Mrs. Lehmann’s years of generous support of the Garden and especially her help in completing this magnificent new rose garden at the center of the Garden. Director Peter H. Raven (center) gets an able Japanese Cedar planting assist at Japanese Garden ceremonies from Speaker of the Missouri House of Represen- tatives, Richard J. Rabbitt, Representative from the Garden's home — the 85th District. The nation’s largest Japanese Garden owes its rapid development in large part to a $300,000 contribution in general revenue sharing funds through the Department of Natural Resources obtained by the State Legislature of Missouri. Japanese Cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) is widely cultivated in Japan and is closely related to our California redwood. THE OPERATING BUDGET — WHERE DOES IT COME FROM? The name ‘Missouri Botanical Garden” may suggest to many people that the Garden is a State institution and therefore probably receives tax support for its operation. Dr. William Klein, the Garden's Assistant Director, is quick to refute the error of such an assumption. He recites with a kind of ease that only comes from frequent repetition, “while the Missouri Botanical Garden is a major tourist attraction in the St. Louis area and an anchor in its St. Louis neighborhood, it does not receive any city tax support for its operation. It is the only botanical garden in the State of Missouri, serving the people of this State for more than 116 years, but does not receive any direct tax support from the State. And while the Garden is an institution of national and_ international significance, it does not receive any federal support for its operating budget.” As recently as 25 years ago, earnings on endowment were sufficient to provide for practically all of the Garden’s needs. Today, earnings on endowment provide for about one-fourth of the operating budget. The Garden has come to rely more and more on revenue generated through sales to make up the difference. The gate fee was increased in March. The Garden Gate Shop, efficiently managed by volunteers, the Plant Shop, the Flower Wagon drawn by a jeep donated by Aspen AMC Jeep, and Tower Grove House, one of the few historical houses in the city operating in the black thanks to the Garden’s Historical Committee — all these sales centers are major sources of revenue which emphasize the crucial contribution of volunteers to our operating budget. In addition, the Garden receives support from the united cultural campaign of the Arts and Education Council of Greater St. Louis. The Garden is also the beneficiary of many patrons who each year make personal contributions. Grants have been received from the Missouri State Council on the Arts for the Japanese Garden as well as a number of sculpture exhibits and performances. Another major portion of the Garden's operating budget is derived from con- tracts and grants to advance its scientific objectives. In other words, the Garden's support comes from many sources and, as with all such labor-intensive in- stitutions, it has suffered the erosion of the various sources of revenue in an inflationary economy. In spite of the difficulties of the times, a major outdoor improvement program has been undertaken to bring into being new features such as the Japanese and English Woodland Gardens, the Mediterranean House and the newly dedicated Lehmann Rose Garden. Expansion and improvements of the Garden have been the major goal of the director, Dr. Peter H. Raven, and the Board of Trustees. The approval of the course that the Garden has taken in the years since Dr. Raven has become director in 1971 is reflected in the expanding membership and the very important contribution that members make to the Garden’s support. Four years ago the Garden’s membership numbered about 3,000. Recent counts show over 8,000 members and still growing! By far the largest numbers of members belong to the $25 a year category. Since the establishment of a Development Office as an ongoing part of the operation, the Garden has turned more to the higher levels of membership to provide critically needed income. A very active program has been launched to encourage members, when they renew, to increase their membership to the next highest level. A committee of the Womens’ Executive Board, headed by Mrs. John Brodhead, regularly reviews the membership rolls and extends special and personal invitations to come to a slide program and learn more about the many different activities. A “behind the scenes’ tour of the Garden and the Lehmann Building follows the slide program. Mrs. C.F.P. Stueck coor- dinates the guided portion of these very popular visits — the Members Executive Board’s way of increasing awareness of wide-ranging Garden activity and also of thanking members for their support. Ken Peck leads an evening tree walk. Mrs. Hyman (Audrey) Senturia was recently hired to assist Dr. Klein in the Development Office. Audrey has initiated a number of programs aimed at identifying people who should be interested in what the Garden is doing. The evening tree walks, led by Ken Peck or Bob Dingwall, and followed by a picnic supper have been extremely popular and informative — another way we try to say thank you for your generous support. On behalf of the Board of Trustees, the Members’ Executive Board and all of the Garden staff, we invite you to consider increasing your level of membership when you renew. Contributing $ 50 Sustaining 100 Sponsoring 250 Director's Associate 500 Henry Shaw Associate 1,000 If you have any questions about the Garden’s development programs, please call Dr. William Klein or Audrey Senturia. They will be more than happy to discuss all aspects of the Garden’s operating budget and how you can help insure the continuance of this priceless St. Louis heritage. DON’T FOLLOW A GUIDING LIGHT WHEN YOU CAN BE ONE What do the following unfamiliar and intriguing terms have in common: Yatsuhashi, Quercus macro- carpa, and Basil purpurea? These area few of the many non-household words which guides of the Missouri Botanical Garden learn about and learn to share with others. Help share the lore, the legend and the legacy of the Garden with visitors — all sorts of people and all sorts of groups from all over St. Louis, the state, the nation and the world. Explaining, showing and answering questions about one of the world’s greatest Botanical Gardens is fun and rewarding. Plan now to join a training course for new guides — eight sessions in January and February, 1977. Call 772- 7600, Education Department, for information. STUDENT VOLUNTEERS SERVING & LEARNING We owe a Special debt to students ranging from junior high school level to those working toward advanced degrees. Their efforts and achievements aren't always apparent to Garden visitors. Many work in education, teaching grade school children such crafts and concepts as: terrarium construction, the structural differences between various fruits and vegetables and how they're grown, seeding, transplanting, and plant propagation. Many have served as guides at Tower Grove House, learning and explaining the history of the Garden, its intriguing founder and benefactor Henry Shaw, and his elegant Victorian surroundings. Many have worked in the Climatron, the Desert House or Mediterranean House, learning valuable botanical lore while contributing valuable service. In this exchange, all of us are the beneficiaries as knowledge and the Garden grow together. — Carol Taxman, Chairman of Volunteers ~~ ge = = Tamra Engelhorn Raven, New Zealand botanical artist, Keith R. West, and Garden Director Peter H. Raven review their collective handiwork — a recently published monograph on willowherbs in Australia and New Zealand. HUSBAND AND WIFE DECODE THE MYSTERY OF SOUTH PACIFIC WILLOWHERBS In the field of botanical scholarship, there are few husband and wife collaborative efforts. One of the more recent and successful such collective efforts, with an able assist from botanical illustrator Keith West, is awork co-authored by Peter and Tamra Raven, The Genus Epilobium (Onagraceae) in Australasia: A Systematic and Evolutionary Study. The book, published in June by the New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, stems from work done by the Ravens during a year (1969-70) spent in the island country on a Guggenheim Fellowship and a D.S.I.R. Senior Postdoctoral Fellowship. Despite the scholarly title, New Zealand reviewers have found the work highly readable, beautifully illustrated and of general interest to amateur and professional botanists alike. The work focuses on the 50 Australasian species of the approximately 200-species genus more commonly known as willowherbs. Scholars consider the work takes on a wider significance as an exhaustive and intensively researched study in plant evolution, tracing the 50 Australasian (New Guinea, Australia and New Zealand) willowherbs to a single Asian progenitor. Rapid mountain building in the South Pacific, unoc- cupied ecological niches open to colonization by the Asian ancestor, a prevailing tendency toward self- pollination linked with an ability to hybridize — all these factors help explain the profuse speciation ina geologically short time and to support the Raven hypothesis. The painstaking accuracy and aesthetic perfection of West's illustrations match the thoroughness of the research and writing. Keith West, a staff artist in the Botany Division of D.S.I.R., is currently working here at the Garden completing collaborative research with the Ravens. He will return to Christchurch, New Zealand at the end of September. LANDSCAPE DESIGN STUDY COURSE OFFERED The first in a series of landscape design courses set up by the National Council of State Garden Clubs and co-sponsored by the Missouri Botanical Garden, the Federated Garden Clubs of Missouri, the University of Missouri - St. Louis Continuing Education Extension and the St. Louis County Extension Center, will be given Tuesday, October 5, through Thursday, October 7, at the J. C. Penney Continuing Education Building on the University of Missouri-St. Louis campus. The three-day course will cover the following topics: Civic Projects and Garden Clubs, Development of Landscape Architecture to 1840, Home Grounds, Ecology and Environment, Theory and Basic Prin- ciples of Landscape Design, the Professional Landscape Architect, Plant Materials in the Landscape and Roadside Development. The Garden’s chief horticulturist, Robert Dingwall, will be one of the instructors. The course fee is $20. It is open to the public and there are no prerequisites. Registration: 8:30 a.m. October 5 and lectures from 9:30 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. October 6: lectures from 8:45 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. There will be reading assignments for those who wish to take an optional test October 7. The test will be based on readings in the following books: “An Introduction to Landscape Architecture,” Laurie, “Landscape Architecture,” Simonds; and “The Book of Landscape Design,” Ortloff and Raymore. These books may be purchased at the National Council of State Garden Clubs headquarters, 4401 Magnolia Avenue, St. Louis, 63110, on the Garden grounds. For further information contact Dorothy A. Thompson, UMSL Continuing Education Extension, (314) 453-5961. Courses II, Ill and IV in this series of courses will be offered in successive years in October. The program, begun in 1952, aims to raise public awareness of good landscape architectural practice. These courses are of special value for those serving on park boards, highway commissions, planning and zoning boards, construction and development. Gardening in St. Louis GARDENING IN SEPTEMBER September's cooler weather will change the regimen of your gardening activity. It is a time for gardening’s New Year’s resolutions. Take stock, make note of this year’s successes and failures and jot down reminders and lessons learned. Then begins the active process of cleanup, renovation and replanting. Composting This is a good time to start a compost pile, using the weeds and other debris from the garden. Later youcan add the leaves. Be sure to keep the pile wet and add some old compost to the pile to introduce the bacteria needed to break the new material down. Lawn Care For the lawn, now is the time to renovate the old or start a new one. If the soil is compacted it should be aerated. Many lawns need to be rethatched. Top dress with a rich top soil high in organic matter, such as peat moss or compost. After the lawn has been thoroughly cleaned, apply the top dressing to a depth of % inch over the entire surface area. A well balanced fertilizer and the new lawn seed should be moist until establish- ed and there is a regular pattern of rainfall. New lawns should have the ground well worked up and enriched with organic matter to a depth of 12 to 15 inches. The organic matter should be applied to a depth of 4 to 5 inches and worked well into the soil. Soil tests should be made and if indicated, lime should be added and raked in. The surface should be raked toa fine grade of tilth and all depressions leveled before applying the fertilizer and grass seed. The fertilizer and seed should be raked in lightly, rolled and kept moist. The object is to get the lawn well established in the cool weather. Buy Now Incidentally, in purchasing lawn seed, make sure you get seed of high quality; it’s generally worth paying a little more! Spring flowering bulbs will be on sale now, so select as early as possible and store in a cool, dry area until they can be planted. Daffodils should be planted in the ground now, while tulips can wait until October. Purchase ferns and house plants now so that they may become accustomed to house conditions before winter sets in. House plants set out for the summer should be cleaned up and gradually moved indoors as the month advances. If insects are present, spray the plants and check to see if plants are root-bound. Repot as necessary and prune back to control shape and size. Cuttings of geraniums, coleus, begonias and others made now will make ideal plants for indoors. For those attempting to flower Poinsettias for Christmas, plants should be given lots of light during the day, but placed in the dark from 7 p.m. until 7 a.m.; otherwise they will fail to bloom. Plant Now Most perennials are best redivided and reset now, with the exception of late fall flowering ones, which should be left until spring. Add plenty of organic matter, such as compost, animal manure or peat moss to the soil with bonemeal and work in well. Mulch new plants well with compost, leafmold or wood chips, as this will keep soil cool and moist, allowing plants to make good growth. Evergreens may be planted now. Dig the hole twice the size of the root ball and replace the soil with one containing equal parts of organic matter. Water and mulch well. Clean up weeds around other shrubs and evergreens and add fresh mulch. Do not fertilize roses, shrubs and trees now, as this will not allow these plants to harden off for the winter ahead. Root feeding of these may be done once they are dormant, in early November. Pruning Pruning of late summer blooming shrubs should be completed this month. In pruning, cut the plant back to control the height and also to remove some of the heavier stalks at ground level, plus any weak shoots so as to allow air circulation. Also prune any broken limbs or branches damaged in recent storms. Clean up coldframes now, removing any unwanted plants and weeds, and prepare the soil by adding organic matter. Lettuce, spinach, cabbage, broccoli, and radishes may be started now for late fall use. Robert Dingwall Chief Horticulturist A SENSE OF DEEP LOSS & LOVING MEMORIES OF BRIGHTIE WILL LONG | ENDURE The death of Frances Brightwell Stribling July 17 has saddened the entire Missouri Botanical Garden com- munity. Mrs. Stribling was a member of the Garden for many years, a past president of the Women’s Executive Board and an advisor of valued judgment on many Garden committees. She was also president of the Rowena Clark Garden Club in Kirkwood. Generous with her knowledge and wise in her counsel, she was always ready to help young members. Her gentle humor and quiet strength were the source of a personal magnetism highly valued by her many friends. She was a pleasure to work with. Brightie’s high standards, her love and understanding of plant A delegation of Japanese dignitaries representing the America Japan Society pose after Japanese Garden tree planting ceremonies which were pre- ceded by an elegant luncheon in the Lehmann Building. During their two-day visit to St. Louis in June, they were lavishly entertained by the St. Louis Chapter of the Japan America Society, Inc. material and horticulture were beautifully reflected in her contributions and love for the Garden as well as in the creation of her own twoentirely charming gardens, each unique yeteach acenter of serene beauty. Itwasa pleasure to see her tend her plants with skill and tenderness. Her unselfishness and compassion were further reflected in her extensive service to the Red Cross. From 1956 to 1965 Brightie served as director of volunteers for the entire midwestern area of the American Red Cross. This and many other civic activities earned her due acknowledgement as a St. Louis Globe-Democrat Woman of Achievement in 1960. Dignity, charm, compassion, deep faith and great personal courage are the valued legacy she leaves those of us fortunate enough to have known her and all of us are grateful to have had a share in her life. Her first husband, G. Chadbourne Taylor, president of the Mississippi Valley Barge Line Company, died in 1962. In 1965 she was married toG. Carroll Stribling, an attorney. Besides her husband, she is survived by a son, George C. Taylor III of Houston, a sister, and two brothers. The family suggests those wishing to honor the memory of Mrs. Stribling make contributions to Grace Episcopal Church, Kirkwood, or to the Missouri Botanical Garden. mo paiehe Oar. i” : eg ee Re pa rae. | oe P Se ple ae . ® e * e Cate m a. et se > neal — 5 ieee » pos oes. : MERen gs SS eel as VOT ee THE CLIMATRON RECEIVES BICENTENNIAL HONORS The Climatron, St. Louis’ home-away-from-home for plants representing many endangered tropical species, was recently dubbed by experts as one of the most significant architectural achievements of our nation’s first 200 years. The unique aluminum and plexiglass structure built in 1959, admired inside and out by nearly 300,000 visitors a year, was one of six St. Louis structures included among 260 landmarks across the country nominated by 46 architects, architectural historians and critics who took part in a bicentennial survey sponsored by the American Institute of Architects (AIA). The Climatron, a visual symbol of St. Louis running second only to Saarinen’s arch, is one of the earliest realizations of the geodesic dome, an architectural form invented by R. Buckminster Fuller, world- renowned architect and now Professor Emeritus at Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. The geodesic dome configuration, reflected by a preamble of lily ponds in millions of amateur and professional photographs, allows the unobstructed enclosure of 1,300,000 cubic feet of space. This opens panoramic vistas for many lush tropical plants to express their full sculptural and spatial potentialities under roof in a ‘climate controlled’ (from which the word climatron is coined) environment. The immense weight of the dome’s surface — more than an acre of “%-inch thick triangular plexiglass panels with neoprene gaskets supported by double tubular aluminum framework — is carried to the circular concrete base by five unobtrusive piers. The stress collects so gradually toward these outward elements of support that the dome rises with a light graceful flow of line and shape that seems to defy gravity. The structure, which predates R. Buckminster Fuller’s most widely known geodesic dome (the U.S. Pavilion at Expo’67 in Montreal) by eight years, was the work of Murphy & Mackey architects. The dynamic motive force behind the creation of the Climatron was Dr. Fritz W. Went, then Director of Missouri Botanical Garden. The giant enclosure, 70 feet high, 175 feet in diameter, with a split-level floor space of more than half an acre, is as functional as beautiful. Two air circulation systems, a heating system which Operates on a north-south gradient and a cooling system which operates on an east-west gradient, help maintain a stable tropical temperature and humidity despite the drastic seasonal changes of St. Louis. The upper level supports a basic lowland tropical climatic regime, while the western half, which is 12 feet lower, supports a tropical montane (mountainous) flora. Further variations in soil pH reaction, fertility, drainage factors, and variations in light and temperature based on plant location within the Climatron — all these factors allow a wide range of tropical and subtropical flora to coexist in good health under the dome. Dr. Charles A. Huckins, Curator of Tropical Plants, notes further that the dome shape recreates our perceived view of the heavens and thereby, conscious- ly or not, creates the perfect sweeping structural showcase for visitors to sense a lush tropical world in miniature. Our Climatron received in 1961 the R. S. Reynolds Memorial Award from the AIA. Now, 15 years later, this bicentennial birthday honor reminds us of the tremendous structural, functional and aesthetic triumph of our most dramatic structure — a pioneering achievement and proud part of a growing tradition. NEW MEMBERSHIPS MAY 1976 Mr./Mrs. Chas. A. Lee Mr./Mrs. David. J. Lehleitner Mr./Mrs. R.D. Leighninger, Sr. Mr./Mrs. J. David Levy, Jr. Mr./Mrs. John B. Lewis Mr./Mrs. Leonard W. Lewis Mrs. Marilee H. Lewis Mr./Mrs. James W. Liddell Mrs. Ben Lindenbusch Mr./Mrs. James H. Link Dr./Mrs. C.M. Linsenmeyer Mr./Mrs. Robert E. Little Mrs. Nellie Loane Mr./Mrs. Emlin Lock Mr./Mrs. Donald J. Loos Dr./Mrs. Thomas J. Loughrey Mr./Mrs. Carl R. Lovitt Mrs. J.L. Lueck Mr./Mrs. Michael J. Luepke Mr./Mrs. Ray Luken Mr./Mrs. David G. Lupo Mr./Mrs. Charles Luther, Jr. Mr./Mrs. James F. Lynch Mr./Mrs. George F. Mace Mr. Ken Magee Dr./Mrs. Thomas F. Maher Mrs. Ella Mahler Mr./Mrs. William P. Mahne Mr./Mrs. Walter G. Maijtas, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Robert Marquardt Mr./Mrs. Jack Marquess Mr./Mrs. John D. Marschalk Mr./Mrs. Charles W. Marshall Mrs. Delores C. Martin Mr./Mrs. Donald Martin Mr./Mrs. Earl F. Maschmeier Mr. J. Masek Mr. John C. Marsden Mr./Mrs. Jacob J. Mathias, Jr. Dr./Mrs. Michael Mathlof Miss Mildred L. Matthes Mr./Mrs. Robert B. Matthews, Jr. Mliss Thelma Maurer Mr. John S. Maxwell Mr./Mrs. Robert May Mr./Mrs. John P. McCammon, Jr. Ms. Loretta Ann McCann Mrs. Marshall McCarthy Mr./Mrs. Charles G. McClellan Mr./Mrs. Charles McClelland Mr./Mrs. Enos S. McClure Mrs. Harriett K. McConnell Mrs./Mrs. J.H. McConnell Ms. Eileen McCormick Mrs./Mrs. J. Gordon McCullough Mr./Mrs. John D. McCutcheon Mr./Mrs. James J. McGill Dr./Mrs. Charles P. McGinty Mrs. Shirley McGrath Mr./Mrs. Frank H. McGuigan Rev. James C. McLain Miss Catherine McLaughlin Miss Nancy McRee Miss Lynn McSorley McVey-Finney Family Mr./Mrs. Martin R. Meagher Col./Mrs. James B. Meanor, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Louis G. Melchior Mr./Mrs. John W. Menges Mr./Mrs. Harold J. Menteer Mr./Mrs. Richard W. Merkle Miss Margaret K. Merten Mr./Mrs. Charles E. Meyer Mr. Marvin Meyer Mr./Mrs. Michael R. Meyer Mr. Fred R. Miller Mr./Mrs. Orville C. Miller Mr./Mrs. Richard J. Mitchell Ms. Wilma Moeckel Mr./Mrs. Robert L. Mooers Mrs./Mrs. Wilfred C. Moore Mrs. Marguerite R. Moran Mr./Mrs. Joseph A. Mowry Mr./Mrs. J. Robert Mudd Mr./Mrs. George P. Mueller Mr./Mrs. Joseph J. Mueller, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Robert E. Murphy Rev./Mrs. Rodger L. Murray Dr./Mrs. Homer E. Nash, Jr. Mrs. Edward J. Nauyoks Mrs. Shirley M. Nelson Mr./Mrs. Joseph R. Niemann Mrs. Mary J. Nietmann Mr./Mrs. Marvin Nissenbaum Mr./Mrs. William J. Nix, Jr. Ms. Antoinette M. Noe Mr./Mrs. John H. Nolan Mrs. Fillmore C. Nolte Mr. Richard H. Nusloch Mr./Mrs. Edward J. Oborsh Dr./Mrs. Robert M. O'Brien Mrs. R.W. Olson Mrs. Katheryn O'Neill Mr./Mrs. Clarence E. O'Radnik Mr./Mrs. Robert H. Orchardt Dr./Mrs. Steven L. Overholt Mr./Mrs. Robert Overkamp Dr./Mrs. Robert Paine Mr./Mrs. C.J. Palmer Mrs. Pauline S. Parham Mr./Mrs. L.B. Parker Miss Grace Parle Mr./Mrs. H.W. Parsh Mr./Mrs. J.R. Patterson Dr./Mrs. David H. Paul Mr./Mrs. L.H. Paxtor Mr./Mrs. Joseph C. Peacock Mr./Mrs. James L. Perabo Mr./Mrs. Alan J. Perlmutter Ms. Frances Perricone Mr./Mrs. Lester G. Peters Mr./Mrs. Ralph A. Petersen Miss Anna Peterson Mrs. Alroy S. Phillips Mrs. Elizabeth B. Pierson Mr./Mrs. Kurt C. Plache Mr./Mrs. Philip H. Plack Mr./Mrs. Thomas W. Platt Dr. William R. Platt Dr./Mrs. W.H. Poggemeier Mr. Gene Pomeroy Ms. Sandra Posen Mr./Mrs; Fred A. Powers Ms Marlen |. Powers Mr./Mrs. Dwight Prade Mr./Mrs. Charles E. Preissler Mr./Mrs. E.C. Preissler Mr./Mrs. Chas. E. Presnell, Sr. Professional Specialties Company Mr./Mrs. Peter Prutzman Mr./Mrs. Richard Read Mr./Mrs. Daniel Ready Mr./Mrs. David Reardon Mr./Mrs. Nicholas L. Reding Mr./Mrs. Nelson Reed Mr./Mrs. Joseph A. Reichwein Mr./Mrs. Frank J. Reiliy Dr./Mrs. Thomas Reppun Mr./Mrs. Wilmont C. Reynolds Mrs. Marcus Rice Ms. Betty Richards Dr./Mrs. Q.M. Ringenberg Miss Dianne K. Risser Mrs. P.G. Rives Mr./Mrs. Wm. T. Roach Miss Winifred M. Rodgers Ms. Mary M. Rodriquez Mr./Mrs. James W. Rohrer Roman Company Dr./Mrs. Herbert E. Rosenbaum Mr/Mrs. Bernard S. Rosenblatt Mr./Mrs. Wm. Rost Miss Bernice K. Rubinelli Mr./Mrs. Henry Ruenpohl Mr./Mrs. Melvin L. Rueppel Mr./Mrs. Wallace R. Ruwitch Mr./Mrs. Raymond A. Ruzicka Mrs. John T. Ryan Mr./Mrs. M.M. Sachar Mr./Mrs. James R. Sadlon Mr. Fred St. Onge Dr./Mrs. Neill F. Sanders Mr./Mrs. Lewis H. Schaefer Mr./Mrs. A.A. Scharff, Jr. Ms. Kathryn A. Schaub Mr./Mrs. Harold Wm. Schaus Mr./Mrs. Eugene Schill Ms. Maria A. Schiller Mr./Mrs. Ray Schimmelpfenning Mr./Mrs. Larry Schlimpert Mrs. Melba Schmidt Mr./Mrs. Albert E. Schoenbeck Mr./Mrs. Ronald J. Schoenfelder Mr./Mrs. Christopher Scholbe Mr./Mrs. Phillip A. Schorr Dr./Mrs. Bernard E. Schrautemeier Mr./Mrs. John J. Schroeder Mr./Mrs. William H. Schroeder Mr./Mrs. E.W. Schuchardt Mr./Mrs. F.G. Schuette Mr./Mrs. Louis C. Schumacher Mr./Mrs. Egon Schwarz Mr./Mrs. Dean Scott Mr. William Sedlock Shalom Community (Sisters of St. Marys) Mr./Mrs. H.R. Shampaine Mrs. Louis Shanfeld Mr./Mrs. James Shapleigh Mr./Mrs. Gary N. Shaw Mr./Mrs. Robert E. Shelton Mr./Mrs. Macler Shepard Rev./Mrs. Donald W. Sherman Mr. Edwin T. Shimamoto Mrs. Charles Siebe Mrs. Catherine M. Siebum Mr./Mrs. L.E. Singleton Mrs. Ruth A. Sinnett Mrs. A.D. Sinnwell Mr./Mrs. W. Rumsey Skinner Mr./Mrs. Joseph A. Slovak Mr./Mrs. Abe Small Dr. Genelle B. Smith Miss Janet M. Smith Dr. Kevin Smith Mrs. H.T. Smutz Mr./Mrs. George R. Sneed Mr./Mrs. John R. Snyder Mr./Mrs. Herbert Sokolik Ms. Julie Sophos Mr./Mrs. John J. Spano Mr./Mrs. Harry O. Specht Dr. Warren H. Speiser Mr./Mrs. James W. Spence Mr./Mrs. Eugene K. Sprung Mr./Mrs. John H. Stampe Mr./Mrs. Robert |. Stearns Mr./Mrs. George J. Steffen Mr./Mrs. John C. Steger Mr./Mrs. Harry Stein Miss Julie Stern Ms. J. Stevens Mr./Mrs. Wm. J. Stevens Mr./Mrs. David L. Stewart Mrs. Joseph C. Stewart Mr./Mrs. Elmer C. Stille, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Robert Stockhausen Mr./Mrs. Richard H. Stokes Mr./Mrs. Loren C. Strait Ms. Marilyn D. Strode Dr./Mrs. Donald Strominger Dr./Mrs. Monroe Struckberger Mr./Mrs. John P. Sullivan Mr./Mrs. J. Edwin Sunderland Mr./Mrs. Odon P. Takacs Mrs. R.S. Talley Mr./Mrs. Joseph K. Tanaka Mr./Mrs. Delbert B. Tax Mr./Mrs. Morton Taylor, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Andrew F. Tegethoff Mr./Mrs. Norman Theurer Mrs. Fred B. Thiel, Sr. Dr./Mrs. J. Allen Thiel Mr./Mrs. L.W. Thilking Mr./Mrs. Thomas A. Thoenen Mr./Mrs. A.F. Thompson Mr./Mrs. Frank A. Thompson, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Robert O. Thompson Mr./Mrs. William F. Tracy, Il Mrs. Herbert A. Trask Mr./Mrs. Glenn Travis Mr./Mrs. Herman Troske Dr./Mrs. Francis O. Trotter, Jr. Dr./Mrs. E.E. Trunnell Mr./Mrs. Edward T. Tsugita Mr./Mrs. Joe D. Tucker, Jr. Mr. Vincent Tumosa Miss Mary M. Tuttle Miss Vera Ulbright Mr./Mrs. Travis J. Utley Dr. W.J. Van Grunseun Dr./Mrs. E. Vastola Mr./Mrs. John Vavra Mr./Mrs. Richard C. Vedder Mr./Mrs. David M. Vogler Mr./Mrs. Roy J. Volk Mr. A. Devon Voss Mr./Mrs. Mel Wagner Mr./Mrs. John Walsh Mr./Mrs. William Walter Mr./Mrs. James L. Wamser Mrs. Richard T. Ward Mr. William F. Ward Mr./Mrs. Edward W. Warner Mr./Mrs. Thomas L. Waters Mr. Fred J. Wehrle, Jr. Mrs. P.J. Werber Mr./Mrs. Peter J. Wetzel Mr./Mrs. Cal Wichern Mr./Mrs. Walter Wiedermann Dr./Mrs. Herbert C. Wiegand Mr./Mrs. Frank Al Wiegers Major/Mrs. Phillip Wilder Ms. Regina M. Wilder Mr./Mrs. Daniel Wilke Miss Hannelore E. Wilke Miss Antoinette Wille Miss Nancy Dean Willets Mr./Mrs. Gregg Williams Dr./Mrs. J.R. Williamson Mr./Mrs. Robert E. Wilson Mr. Roger S. Wilson Miss Marion M. Wilson Ms. S. Winter Dr./Mrs. Earl J. Wipfler Mr./Mrs. Bert Wiseman Mr. William H. Witbrodt Mr./Mrs. Walter P. Wolf Mr./Mrs. Donald L. Wolff Ms. Sue Wolverson Miss Martha Yakushiji Mr./Mrs. Tatsuji Yasuda Mr. Joseph R. Yoch Dr./Mrs. Karl A. Youngstrom Mr./Mrs. David Zale Miss Holly Zelch Mr./Mrs. Morris Zemel Mr. Jay V. Zimmerman Mrs. Frank Zinke NEW HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATES MEMBERSHIP JUNE 1976 M/M Joseph H. Bascom NEW SUSTAINING MEMBERSHIP JUNE 1976 Rev. Joseph Schejbal NEW CONTRIBUTING MEMBERSHIPS JUNE 1976 Ms. Jonette L. Evans Niehaus Interiors, Inc. John & Althea Schiffman Foundation M/M Jim Woodress M/M Charles H. Zurheide NEW MEMBERSHIPS JUNE 1976 Mrs. Helen A. Allbaugh M/M Richard C. Amelung M/M Terry C. Annin M/M George H. Assaf Bruce and Mary Bailey M/M Steven J. Barco Mrs. E. C. Barnidge M/M Walter H. Bartz M/M F. T. Bastman Mr. James L. Becker M/M John Becker Mrs. V. M. Beeson M/M Wayne T. Bellas M/M Jacob L. Berg Edward Berry M/M George Bocklage Mr. Wayne Bothwell Mr. James L. Brainard M/M James Brislane M/M J. D. Brosch M/M Roy W. Brower Dr/Mrs. Elmer B. Brown Mr. Frederick Charles Brueggemann Ms. Elsie Bunevac M/M James H. Burgess M/M James Nelson Cain Mrs. Lula Cambron Mrs. Angela |. Camden M/M George Caputa Miss Marjorie C. Castro M/M R. K. Chafin M/M Horace M. Clevenger Mrs. S. D. Conant M/M Melvin R. Creek Mr. Herbert A. Crosby Mr. Howard Crosby Mrs. Helen Davis Ms. Wauneta DeKiserre M/M Chris K. Demetrulias M/M Irvin DeWoskin M/M Wade DeWoskin Terry and Elizabeth Diehl Mr/M Mark A. Dienstbach M/M Frank L. Dittmeier Ms. Judy Dodge M/M George Drabb M/M John L. Drew Ill M/M George Eberle, Jr. M/M Chas. J. Eckrich Drs. Mina and Irvin Edelman M/M Donald F. Essen Miss Sharyn Essman Mr/M George R. Esterly Dr. Carl M. Evans M/M A. H. Faenger M/M Larry D. Feeney Mrs. Lillian B. Feil Lois and John Filipello Miss Shelley C. Ford Ms. A. C. Forder M/M Joseph F. Frayn M/M Reid Freiermuth M/M Jack R. Gabriel M/M Donnell J. Gaertner Dr./Mrs. Philip R. Gale M/M Wm. E. Gallagher M/M J. P. Garrett Mrs. George E. Gessler M/M Gary Giessow Mr. Joseph E. Gill M/M Myron Glassberg M/M Gene A. Globig M/M Harold S. Goodman Mrs. W. M. Graves III Miss Elvera C. Guebert Dr./Mrs. Charles R. Gulick Mrs. O. J. Habermaas Mrs. H. W. Hagnauer M/M Clarence E. Hale M/M Wm. P. Hall Ms. Marcella A. Harrs M/M A. J. Hasbrouck M/M John R. Heatherman M/M David Heckel M/M Robert E. Heffner M/M Martin Hendin Mrs. Jessie Hermann M/M Robert B. Hess M/M San Hla M/M Norman C. Hoerber Mrs. Ruby E. Holland M/M Arthur K. Howell, Jr. M/M Frank W. Hubach M/M Robert H. Hughes M/M G. Watts Humphrey, Jr. Mrs. John C. Hutchinson Mrs. J. D. Keast M/M James P. Keating M/M Robert J. Keller Ms. Joan C. Kemp M/M O. Alexander Kerckhoff M/M Walter King Ms. Clara M. Koesterer M/M Gilbert H. Koewing Miss May A. Kohler M/M Jerry R. Knight M/M G. E. Kornmeier M/M V. Kwiatkowski Mrs. William T. Langton Ms. Anne Legerski M/M Amparo Link Dr./Mrs. H. V. Lipe Dr./Mrs. J. Russell Little Little Gardens Club Mr. Raymond L. Lontz Mr. Stephen Ludwinski M/M Michael G. Mailhes M/M Ronald Marchand M/M Henry Matteuzzi Dr./Mrs. Michael S. Mayron Ms. Maria Mazziotti M/M James F. McCool M/M Gerald L. McFarland M/M Robert E. McGlynn Mrs. Robert J. McKee Dr. Janet G. Meredith M/M David W. Mesker Mrs. Thomas Meyers Dr./Mrs. James E. Miller M/M John Moreau Ms. Cheryl Morrow M/M Russel T. Mosley Miss Audrey Moss M/M Leonard K. Myers Mr. Thomas C. Newkirk M/M Eric Newman Mr. J. Howard Nichols M/M M. P. O’Connor Mrs. Lorraine F. Odum M/M Louis Ottenad M/M Donald G. Overlin Pan American Industries Ms. Marion G. Parker Mrs. Alice D. Peterson Ms. Judy Phillips M/M Robert P. Platzer Mrs. Robert J. Quevreaux Mr./M Udo J. Reis M/M Donald R. Richardson M/M Carl F. Ritchie Mr. Richard B. Roberts M/M Victor R. Rockel M/M Bernard Roeber M/M Milton A. Ross Mr. Jonn D. Rudolph M/M Dennis H. Sattler Mr. R. J. Sauget Dr./Mrs. Richard C. Schulz Dr./M Charles Schumacher Mr./M E. L. Schusky SUSTAINING Mrs. Rosalind Burkhart Mrs. Robert Corley Dr./Mrs. John L. Long St. Louis Horticultural Society Mr./Mrs. Robert G. Schwendinger CONTRIBUTING M/M Don Selig M/M Anton Sestric M/M John B. Shewmaker Dr./Mrs. A. J. Signorelli M/M Kurt E. Simon M/M H. W. Smith M/M Robert H. Smith M/M Tilford L. Smith M/M Robert W. Staley M/M Leicester Stift Mr. Edward L. Swargulski M/M Knute B. Sweenes M/M Henry Sweeney Miss G. E. Tharp M/M Gerald Thebeau M/M Lee Theismann Rev/Mrs. Dan C. Thomas Miss Elva M. Tibbs Mrs. Biron Valier M/M Don Vandiver Mrs. Sue Van Matre M/M James C. Villegas Ms. Barbara Vogel Miss Maylene Vogler M/M W. Clark Voss Mr. Archie L. Walker Miss Kathleen A. Wall M/M Richard C. Ward M/M Albert G. Watkins M/M Frederick C. Wear M/M Wallace R. Weber M/M John H. Wherly, Jr. M/M Dave Westcott M/M John White M/M Frank R. Whitman, Jr. Ms. Mary Jane Wiesler M/M Charles Willison INCREASE IN MEMBERSHIP CONTRIBUTIONS JUNE 1976 SUSTAINING Mrs. William Edwin Guy CONTRIBUTING M/M Richard L. Buck Dr./Mrs. W. C. Hummel M/M Richard Hopmann M/M Harry Hysmith M/M George Kawula Dr. William A. Murphy, Jr. Col/Mrs. Charles B. Schweizer M/M Edgar L. Taylor, Jr. INCREASE IN MEMBERSHIP CONTRIBUTIONS JULY 1976 SPONSORING Dr./Mrs. John H. Kendig Mr./Mrs. E. L. Deicke Mr./Mrs. Frederick Hanser Mr./Mrs. A. Clifford Jones Mr./Mrs. William M. Livingston Dr. Patricia O’Neal Mrs. George D. Stout NEW SUSTAINING MEMBERSHIP JULY 1976 G.L. Tarlton Contracting Company NEW CONTRIBUTING MEMBERSHIPS JULY 1976 Niehause Interiors, Incorporation Dr. John/Ms. Toni Somers NEW MEMBERSHIPS JULY 1976 Mr./Mrs. Albert T. Ambacher Mr./Mrs. Earl A. Barton Dr. Olga M. Blair Mr./Mrs. L. Boland Mr./Mrs. Riley O. Bowlin Ill Mrs. Clarann Pollnow Budke Mr./Mrs. H. T. Burke Dr./Mrs. Richard E. Cannon Rev. Charles G. Clavenna Mr./Mrs. Kenneth Cohen Mr./Mrs. Gene Copas Mr./Mrs. J. Crews Mr./Mrs. Ron Dellbringge Mr./Mrs. T. W. Dougherty Mr./Mrs. James C. Dugan Ms. Ellen S. Dunning Mr./Mrs. Fred W. Ebmeier Miss Linda A. Fisher Mr./Mrs. Philip Fishman Miss Marcella Frampton Miss Cordia Grunewald Mr./Mrs. Nolan E. Hagar Mr./Mrs. Siegmund Halpern Mr./Mrs. J. Alan Harkness Mr./Mrs. Albert C. Hauser Mr./Mrs. George F. Hellmuth Mr./Mrs. George W. Hicks Mrs. Bessie G. Hinton Mr./Mrs. Ron Hoercher Mr./Mrs. og B. Hoey Mr./Mrs. Carl G. Hogan Mr./Mrs. O. D. Hogan Mr./Mrs. Robert H. Hohenstein Mrs. Lucy R. Hurst Mr./Mrs. Bobby Joe Johnson Mr./Mrs. Michael P. Johnson Mr./Mrs. J. Watson Justice Dr./Mrs. Alex H. Kaplan Dr./Mrs. M. J. Kenkel Mrs. Paul |. Ketcher Member of The Arts and Education Fund of Greater St.Louis TRIBUTES — JUNE In Honor of Mr./Mrs. Howard Baer’s 50th Wedding Anniversary Mrs. G. L. Harris Mr./Mrs. John Isaacs, Jr. Mr,/Mrs. Charles E. Kopman Mrs. Ralph Lowenbaum Mr./Mrs. Sidney L. Marks Prof./Mrs. Rollin Osterweis Mrs. William Henry Schield Mrs. John M. Shoenberg Mr./Mrs. Albert Wachenheim In Honor of Mr./ Mrs. Sidney E. Langsam’s Anniversary Mr. David H. Cohen In Honor of Mr./Mrs. A. Wellborne Moise’s Anniversary Mr./Mrs. Herbert |. Finch, Jr. In Honor of Mr. Sydney M. Shoenberg, Jr's Birthday Mr. David Klee Mr./Mrs. Herbert S. Schiele Mr./Mrs. James W. Singer, Jr. In Honor of Miss Deborah Ratcliff Trent’s Debut Dr./Mrs. Robert E. Kuhlman In Honor of Mr. Milton Tucker’s 80th Birthday Mrs. William Henry Schield In Honor of Mr./Mrs. Julius C. Willman’s 55th Wedding Anniversary Henrietta and Peter Hochschild In Memory of Mrs. Clara Belter Miss Eugenia Henke In Memory of Dr. James Butler Mr./Mrs. Robert Shar In Memory of Bill Dede Mrs. Dwight W. Coultas Mrs. Audrey G. Senturia Bernice Shepherd In Memory of Mr. Harvey H. Dougjias, Sr. Mr. Darold E. Crotzer, Jr. In Memory of Mr. Henry W. Endres Mrs. John R. Noble In Memory of Cora B. Erb Mr./Mrs. Edward Heichelbech In Memory of Mr. Fred Galen Mrs. C. G. Hinzpeter In Memory of Mr. James W. Hampton Mrs. Dwight W. Coultas Dr./Mrs. Gregory R. Hoeltzel Mrs. John S. Lehmann In Memory of Mrs. Ethel Hoskins Mr./Mrs. Arthur Schwartz In Memory of Mrs. Albert Lambert Mrs. Kenneth Davis In Memory of Mrs. Sydnee Litz’s Brother Henrietta and Peter Hochschild In Memory of Delight McHenry Larry and Maureen Blades In Memory of Mr. Clem Orf Darlene G. Thornhill In Memory of Jack D. Pavia Mrs. Dwight W. Coultas In Memory of Mr. Gerald Plaisance Friendship Village of West County In Memory of Mrs. Nancie Rauch Robinwood Terrace Garden Club In Memory of Mrs. Frank Schleicher Mr./Mrs. Robert Sharp In Memory of Mrs. Edna Schlosser Mr./Mrs. A. S. Lee In Memory of Mrs. Joseph Simpkins Mr. Darold E. Crotzer, Jr. In Memory of Ms. Ruth Spicuzza Liz Biddick In Memory of Mr. John J. Stodieck Mr./Mrs. A. Clifford Jones In Memory of Mr. Ralph Wolff JULY TRIBUTES In Honor of Mrs. Ben Allen’s Birthday Mr./Mrs. Jess Stern In Honor of Mr./Mrs. Howard Baer’s 50th Wedding Anniversary Mr./Mrs. Sydney M. Shoenberg, Jr. In Honor of Dr. Ronald Liesner Genevieve H. Nelson In Memory of Mrs. J. Wesley McAfee Mr./Mrs. John Brodhead, Jr. Mrs. Jean-Jacques Carnal Mr./Mrs. Sam’! C. Davis Mr./Mrs. Henry Hitchcock Mr./Mrs. Joseph W. Lewis Mrs. Lloyd C. Stark In Memory of Mr. Guy Moult Clara Moult In Honor of Miss Deborah Anne Lund’s Debut Mrs. Edward Moult Dr./Mrs. Robert E. Kuhlman In Honor of Mrs. Peter Raven’s Birthday Mrs. A. Timon Primm In Memory of Mr./Mrs. Harold W. Baine Mr./Mrs. Arthur S. Schwarz In Memory of W. C. Brown, Jr. Mr./Mrs. G. C. Bradshaw In Memory of Ben J. Bryant Mr./Mrs. Robert J. Wanek In Memory of Mr. David Halsey Desloge Mrs. H. L. Meier In Memory of Mr. Henry Endres Mr. Oliver T. Johnson In Memory of Dr. Nat Goodman’s Father Mr./Mrs. Jess Stern In Memory of Mrs. E. Habegger Meta and Ernst Hager In Memory of Jim Hampton Mr. Henry Hitchcock Julia W. Lamy In Memory of Herbert Howald Mrs. Truman P. Young In Memory of Mr. Gerald P. Plaisance Miss Vivian Plaisance Joan and Nelson Hartman Mr./Mrs. Stifel W. Jens Mr./Mrs. Herbert N. Jones Mr./Mrs. Landon Y. Jones Mr./Mrs. W. Boardman Jones, Jr. Mr. Roy W. Jordan Mr./Mrs. Joseph W. Lewis Dr./Mrs. Carl E. Lischer Mr./Mrs. Duncan |. Meier, Jr. Mrs. H. L. Meier Mr./Mrs. E. C. Mikkelsen Mrs. Harry Milton In Memory of Mrs. Virginia D’O Reyburn Mrs. Shadrach F. Morris, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Tom S. Eakin, Jr. In Memory of Paul C. Sizemore Mr./Mrs. Edward Heichelbech In Memory of Mrs. G. Carroll Stribling Mr./Mrs. N. Anderson Mrs. George B. Atwood Mrs. Wm. S. Bedal Mr./Mrs. Wm. A. Borders Mr./Mrs. John G. Burton Mr./Mrs. William H. Charles Mrs. Dwight W. Coultas Mr./Mrs. P. Terence Crebs Mrs. Edwin R. Culver, Jr. Mr. Walter W. Dalton Mr./Mrs. Morgan C. Day Edgar T. Farmer Mr./Mrs. D. Goodrich Gamble Vernon L. Goedecke Kathy and Fred Hanser Mrs. L. K. Noblin Mrs. A. Timon Primm Mr./Mrs. Joseph Renard Mr./Mrs. Oscar W. Rexford Mr./Mrs. Edmund C. Rogers Mr./Mrs. Daniel L. Schlafly Mr. Jean L. Schureman Adele H. Stine Mr./Mrs. Albert |. Stix Mr./Mrs. Rolla Street Mrs. Daniel Upthegrove Mr./Mrs. Francis von Schrader Mrs. Horton Watkins Mr./Mrs. Edward L. Wiese InMemory of William Wurdack, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Robert J. Wanek MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 2345 Tower Grove Avenue Saint Louis, Missouri 63110 SECOND-CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT ST. LOUIS, MO. Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin JOHN NAKA, GUEST LECTURER, IS GIANT IN WORLD OF BONSAI In the miniature world of bonsai, John Yoshio Naka stands tall. Naka, a recent guest lecturer in the Education Department of the Missouri Botanical Garden, is a recognized authority in the centuries-old Japanese art of bonsai, the art of creating a perfectly-shaped miniature tree. He is also the author of the text, Bonsai Techniques; president and co-founder of the California Bonsai Society, Inc.; and recipient of awards for his work both in this country and in Japan. Last spring, he brought his science and his art to St. Louis, to share an ancient discipline with the 20th Century friends of the Missouri Botanical Garden. The principles of bonsai, the secrets of turning a rough and shaggy dwarf tree into an exquisite piece of natural art, include the proper methods of cutting roots, branches, leaves and needles; aging of specimens with the magic of JIN, that “lightning- struck” look so admired; branch bending and mending; and transplanting, soil-changing and fertilization. Like a magician, Naka can demonstrate the proper methods of shortening a gangly trunk or a scraggly branch, creating a more interesting apex or creating more roots where needed. He speaks of the bonsai principle of the double trunk: ‘A double trunk or twin tree, called AlOI in Japanese, means two trunks or two trees growing from the same or close position. In the pine trees they are often referred to as AIOI-NO-MATSU, or Mr. and Mrs. Pine. Double trunk, or twin trees, are said to be patient and faithful to each other, and will withstand the vicissitudes of nature.” Born in Colorado, Naka returned to Japan with his family when he was eight years old, learning the art of bonsai from his grandfather while still a boy. Returning to this country in 1935, Naka became first a farmer and later a landscape gardener, beginning his collection of bonsai trees in the late 1940s. As a lecturer, he has traveled coast to coast to teach and conduct workshops for the many bonsai students in the United States. In 1971 and again in 1973, he conducted bonsai tours to Japan. For his work, Naka has been awarded: —anhonorary citation from the Japanese Minister of Foreign Affairs, Shunichiro Fujiyama; — anhonorary medal from the Japanese Agricultural Affairs Department — an honorary citation from the County of Los Angeles, Calif. Volume LXIV) Number 10 October 1976 PAINTINGS OF SCOTT ITTNER, ST. LOUIS ARTIST, ON DISPLAY The floral oil paintings of St. Louis’ own Scott Ittner — aseries nearly nipped in the bud several years ago — will be on display from Oct. 11 until Nov. 5 in the John S. Lehmann Building at the Missouri Botanical Garden. The Lehmann Building is open to the public from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., Monday through Friday. Ittner, who was born in St. Louis and has lived his entire life within a seven-block radius of the Missouri Botanical Garden, did not take up‘ serious” oil painting until he was 53. But he has been a Garden member since the inception of that organization, and often has found inspiration in things botanical. While an over-aged freshman in the Washington University School of Fine Arts, Ittner displayed some of his floral paintings for his instructors and classmates — many of the latter one-third his age. “| could certainly tell,” he said, “by their ‘knee-jerk reaction’, that they considered flower paintings to be something done only by ‘little old ladies’ in their spare time.” Consequently, Ittner did not permit his work to show evidence of his avid botanical interests until after his graduation from art school in 1960. But since then, his work has earned impressive credentials: Ittner's paintings have been displayed in group shows regionally as well as in Chicago, New York and London. They were the subject of one-man exhibits at the St. Louis Public Library in 1965, 1966 and 1968, and at the Harmon Galleries in St. Louis County in 1972. Ittner’s paintings hang in 35 private collections in seven states and in Great Britain. The artist is listed in “Artists/USA”, “Who’s Who in American Art” and the “International Directory of Art.” Slides of some his more characteristic paintings are on file in the library of the St. Louis Art Museum, and may be seen on request during museum hours. GARDEN GATE SWINGS OPEN TO ADMIT “OZ CHRISTMAS” The Garden Gate Shop at the Missouri Botanical Garden, traditionally a Christmas shopper's paradise of tree ornaments, holiday knick-knacks and other unique items, will be found this year at the end of the yellow brick road. “An Oz Christmas” — taken from the land of Oz and the yellow brick road — will be the theme of the shop’s annual gift sale this season and of a membership preview party scheduled for Thursday, Nov. 4, on the Garden grounds. The preview party will be an all-day affair, beginning at 10 a.m. and continuing until 9 p.m. Refreshments will be served. MEMBERS, “PROSPECTIVE” MEMBERS ATTENDED THE FALL PREVIEW PARTY Members of the Missouri Botanical Garden again were asked to serve as ambassadors of Garden goodwill, by inviting “prospective members’ to be their guests at the membership preview party for the Garden's Fall Flower Show. The preview party was held from 5 to 7:30 p.m. Friday, Oct. 22, in the Floral Display House on the Garden grounds. The party, held under the sponsorship of the Direct Mail Corp. of America, featured a prize drawing for the “prospective members” in attendance. The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN is published 12 issues per year monthly by the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. SUBSCRIPTION RATES: $5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign. GARDEN-PUBLIC SCHOOL PROJECT IN ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION Twenty St. Louis schoolteachers ended their summer vacations two weeks early this year and ‘eturned to the classroom — on the student side of the dslackboard — at the Missouri Botanical Garden. The teachers are participants in the year-long =nvironmental Education Training Project, a program >0-sponsored by the Garden and the St. Louis Public Schools and supported by a $57,876 developmental jrant from the U.S. Office of Environmental Education ‘0 the St. Louis Public Schools. The project — under the co-directorship of Dr. ‘Nilliam Klein, the Garden's assistant director, and =dward P. Ortleb, science supervisor for the city schools — is designed to assist teachers in developing 2nvironmental education curriculum material and to drepare them to train other teachers. The project will result in a teacher training model in 2nvironmental education. The summer workshop at the Garden, providing teachers with intensive professional training in the concepts, goals and classroom techniques of en- /ironmental education, was the first step in a year-long ‘raining project to be conducted by Project Managers valla Smorodin of the Garden’s Ecological Services Jepartment and Peggy Rustige of the St. Louis Public Schools. During the 1976-77 school year, project teachers in jrades four, five and six will develop environmental 2ducation mini-units for use in their own classrooms and will conduct workshops and other training sessions for teachers throughout the city school system. Teachers will attend four one-day workshops at the (aarden throughout the school year, focusing on curriculum development, teacher training and evalua- ‘ion of student comprehension of the concepts and (yoals of environmental education. Project Managers Peggy Rustige (left), St. Louis Public Schools, and Calla Smorodin (right) Ecological Services Department. In addition, project managers will visit classrooms to provide direct, on-site consultation and assistance. An important feature of the Garden’s role in the project is the organization of an inter-institutional ad hoc consortium composed of various St. Louis institutions which have resources to offer educators in environmental education. The primary function of the consortium is to develop training-model methods of using community resources to provide environmental experiences for school children and to build their understanding of the environment in which they live. In August, Mr. Ortleb and Dr. Klein chaired the first meeting of the consortium, attended by represen- tatives of more than 25 institutions and organizations of diverse cultural, educational and civic interests. When the teacher training model has been tested, evaluated and refined, the project managers will compile an Environmental Education Training Guide for use by school systems, state education departments and _ institutions of higher learning throughout the country. David Goudy (right), Super- intendent of the Arboretum leads project teachers through environmental awareness exercises. “TO BE A GUIDE IS A PRIVILEGE...” For the past eight years, visitors touring the Missouri! Botanical Garden have benefitted from the able assistance of a dedicated corps of specially-trained volunteers. They are the Guides, an indispensable Garden element, who in 1975 alone escorted more than 18,000 visitors along the footpaths and fountains, the floral displays and indoor exhibits of one of the world’s unique botanical institutions. In doing so, they have performed an invaluable Garden service. But they have themselves benefitted from a variety of constantly-changing experiences. Among the many comments offered by volunteers in the guide service are these: — “To bea Guide at the Missouri Botanical Garden is a privilege...” — “What joy it is to have a part in helping young children discover the Garden...” A group requesting a Missouri Botanical Garden tour may specify any of several tour programs, ranging from a general overview to specific greenhouse tours, Japanese Garden or English Woodland tours, a session in the Herbarium or one with special focus, like the Missouri Tree Walk. The groups themselves may be composed of adults, school-aged youngsters, college-level students or vacationing visitors from any part of the world. And the experience of guiding is constantly changing as the seasons change behind the Garden wall. All of which requires that the Guide know the territory. Consequently, volunteer Guides are required to complete an eight-week orientation course, attending sessions conducted by the Garden's professional staff and covering all materials needed for the conducting of the various tours. The sessions deal with a variety of topics, including the history of the Garden, the variety of plants displayed in the greenhouses, the workings of the Herbarium, the concepts involved in and the features of the new Japanese Garden. Currently, tour requests from school and community groups are increasing so rapidly that an expansion of the Guide corps is necessary. Therefore, a training course will be offered beginning Tuesday, Jan. 4, 1977, from 9:30 a.m. until noon, and continuing each Tuesday thereafter for eight weeks. Garden tours are conducted each day — Monday through Saturday. Special training times can be arranged for those who are employed and wish to guide on weekends. Persons interested in joining the volunteer Guide corps, a program of the Garden’s Education Depart- ment, have been asked to contact Mrs. Mary Edele at 772-7600, extension 54. Maurita Steuck MUM WAS THE WORD ....... More than 650 friends of the Missouri Botanical Garden attended the recent 1976 Chrysanthemum Ball, donning autumn finery to dance under the stars and drum up support for the Edgar Anderson Memorial Boxwood Garden. The highly-successful evening, which featured music by the Russ David Orchestra and a fashion show developed by designer Gloria Vanderbilt and Saks Fifth Avenue, was under the direction of Mrs. Walter G. Stern, chairman. Mr. Sydney M. Shoenberg, Jr.; Gloria Vanderbilt; Mrs. Sydney M. Shoenberg, Jr. y ~ Mrs. Eugene M. Reese (Decorations): Mrs. Don Wolfsberger (Food & Beverage); Mr. Eugene M. Reese Mrs. George L. Stemmler (Invitations); Mr. George L. Stemmler; Mrs. William M. Klein; Dr. William M. Klein; Mrs. Harry Kessler; Mr. Harry Kessler (Corporate Sponsor); Mrs. Bertram Risch; Mr. Gene McNary; Mrs. Gene McNary, Mr. Bertram Risch. mo je Mr. Howard F. Baer, Mrs. Jules Campbell; Mrs. Howard Baer; Mr. Jules Campbell P aa Dr. Peter H. Raven; | Mrs. Walter G. Stern irs. and Mr. O. Alexander Kerckhoff (Corporate Sponsors); Mrs. Landon Y. Jones (Decorations); Dr. William Sims : Gardening in St. Louis SHAPING UP FOR WINTER With dry weather conditions continuing and the colder months just over the horizon, it is critical at this time to invest a little work and a lot of moisture to prepare outdoor plants for the winter. To compensate for lack of rainfall throughout the past growing season, heavy watering is recommended. Foundation plantings must be given a good soaking, so they have a chance to accumulate adequate moisture and to retain it in the soil over the next several months. Lawns which have had some renovation work would benefit from an additional feeding of a balanced fertilizer, such as 12-12-12. A feeding now will help stimulate grass growing during the cooler weather and will help the lawns become more well established next spring. Weed control should be abandoned for the time being, to be taken up again with vigor in the spring, when growth is beginning. Lawns should also be cut at regular intervals. A problem on many roses now is mildew, which should be brought under control by the use of a good fungicide at regular intervals, as long as the roses are growing. Root feeding of larger trees is recommended any time from mid-November on, to compensate for the lack of nourishment in the plants during the past growing season. Although these plants are becoming dormant, they are still experiencing good root growth and will take in the needed nourishment when leafing out into renewed growth next spring. Fall bulbs — tulips, daffodils and others — should be planted just before the ground becomes too moist. This will allow the bulbs to become well established before the cold weather sets in. Bulbs for “forcing” indoors should also be started now and should be placed into coldframes where they can have at least eight weeks of cool weather before an attempt is made to force them outdoors. They should be kept moderately moist at all times. Don't forget to pick up your free daffodil bulbs in the Plant Shop if you have not already done so. Supply is limited. House plants should be examined thoroughly to ensure that they are free of insects and disease. All plants which have been left outside should be moved indoors immediately, with this being accomplished over a period of several days to guard against shock. The soil should be checked for insects and, if any are discovered, a dilute solution of a good insecticide should be applied. This should effectively end any insect problems. For spraying, plants should be placed outdoors ina protected area on a mild day. They should be sprayed thoroughly and allowed to dry before they are returned inside. The use of fertilizers should be avoided at this time for any indoor plants except the flowering varieties. These plants are becoming dormant and fertilization would stimulate growth and result in plant growth problems. Vegetable gardens should be thoroughly worked out, with leaf mold or other organic matter added to the soil, along with superphosphate. This should be left rough, ready for planting early in the Spring. Robert Dingwall Chief Horticulturist DROUGHT DIMS BULB SUPPLY Because of world-wide drought conditons during the past growing season, a shortage of flower bulbs — tulips, daffodils, etc. — is expected to affect the St. Louis area this year. Gardeners are being encouraged to purchase their bulbs as soon as possible. When the current supply is exhausted, there will be no more bulbs available. GARDEN STAFF ATTEND SYMPOSIUM ON ENDANGERED AMERICAN PLANTS Two Garden staff members, Dr. Bill D'Arcy and Dr. Al Gentry, were recently invited to address a Bicentennial symposium sponsored by the New York Botanical Garden. The symposium, entitled “Threatened and En- dangered Species of Plants in the Americas and Their Significance in Ecosystems Today and in the Future,” brought together, (by invitation,) botanical experts from most countries of the Americas to assess the hemisphere’s present situation. Dr. D’Arcy discussed the political and economic difficulties in preserving the flora of Central America as the vegetation undergoes rapid destruction at the present time. Dr. Gentry, principal investigator of the Garden's collaborative Flora of Peru project, presented a paper on Endangered Plant Species and Habitats of Ecuador and Amazonian Peru. The invitation to staff members to participate in this important and timely symposium recognizes both the Garden's expertise in the study of tropical plants and commitment to collaborative efforts to promote the appreciation and preservation of mankind’s botanical heritage. ANGLO-AMERICAN BOTANY: ‘A BICENTENNIAL DISPLAY A Bicentennial birthday gift from one garden to another — an exhibit entitled “Plants Across the Sea: ‘400 Years of Anglo-American Botany” — will be on display for the remainder of 1976 in the Administration i3uilding entrance foyer at the Missouri Botanical (aarden. The exhibit is a Bicentennial contribution to the (Garden from the Royal Botanic Gardens of Kew, ‘=ngland. It traces contributions made by British and “American botanists and horticulturists to the study of “American plants and horticultural practices. The exhibit is open from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., Monday through Friday. lfrs. Hilda Eva Schopp Stroh (1891-1976), henefactor “For the good of his body and the cleansing of his soul, every man should go into a beautiful garden at least once a year.” That quotation, its authorship unknown, was among the favorites of Mrs. Hilda Eva Schopp Stroh, a life-long St. Louisan, lover of music and birds and a special friend of the Missouri Botanical Garden. Born into a large South St. Louis family, Mrs. Stroh grew up in the Shaw neighborhood and first visited the N\issouri Botanical Garden during the tenure of Dr. William Trelease (1889-1912), the director who im- mediately followed Henry Shaw. Mrs. Stroh’s early visits came in the days when Spring and Fall flower shows were held in large, clorful tents, when the summer months were filled with outdoor displays of huge desert cacti from the Southwest, exotic palms from tropical Africa, giant Victorian waterlilies from the Amazon. Even after her marriage to Mr. Oscar Stroh in 1940 she remained a Shaw neighbor and constant visitor — taking up residence at 4502 Tower Grove Place, on the corner of Alfred Avenue and directly across from the Garden. Mrs. Stroh lived there, viewing the Garden from her second-story porch, until her death on April 15, 1976. Beginning in the autumn of 1974, she was able to witness the breathtaking transformation taking place within the Garden walls, the transformation which is even now creating the largest and most beautiful Japanese Garden in North America. In July, 1975, Mrs. Stroh contributed funds — in honor of her eldest sister, Augusta Schopp Kurtz — for the construction of the beautiful arching redwood bridge, or taikobashi, which connects Teahouse Island with the Japanese Garden “mainland.” Again, later that same year, she contributed the funds required for the building of the Plum Breeze Arbor, or baifutei. From her second floor porch, Mrs. Stroh was able to see both projects brought to completion before her death. Unfortunately, we can only imagine her pleasure had she been able to see the detail of bamboo, twining wisteria stems, stonework and redwood bark reflected in the total curve of the Garden's barrel circle. One reasonable imagination, of course, is that sucha vista would have reminded Mrs. Stroh of her favorite quotation, which continues: “Let (every man) sit still in such a garden for an afternoon, and he will come back clear of eye, laughing, contented: at peace with himself and the world. He should let its beauties seep through his pores, its scents sooth his nerves and its vistas refocus his vision.” — Tamra Raven NEW MEMBERSHIPS JULY 1976 Mr./Mrs. James A. Kilzer Mr./Mrs. R. E. Klumb Mr./Mrs. G. R. Knauer Mr./Mrs. Peter C. Krone Miss Wanda F. Kuni Mrs. Lois S. Lake Mrs. Walter R. Mayne Mrs. Florence McMullin Mrs. Henry L. Meier Mr./Mrs. Frank Menniges Mr./Mrs. Robert F. Rathouz Mr./Mrs. Grant Reed Mr./Mrs. William Rekowski Ms. Grace N. Rios Mr./Mrs. William B. Roller Mr./Mrs. Rodney J. Sampson Mr./Mrs. Benjamin S. Sandler Mr./Mrs. Charles F. Schaefer Dr./Mrs. James Schaller Miss Eleanor L. Schlafly Mr./Mrs. David W. Mesker Mr./Mrs. Charles J. Seibel, Jr. Mrs. E. C. Mikkelsen Dr./Mrs. Edward J. Shaw Mrs. A. H. Mitchell Mr./Mrs. Brent H. Slatten Miss Susan M. Moyle Mr./Mrs. Kenneth D. Smith Ms. Vanessa Musgrave Mr./Mrs. Alfred A. Speer Mr./Mrs. B. Nesvig Mr./Mrs. James Stevens Mr./Mrs. John Paulsell Mr./Mrs. Russell E. Streib . Mr./Mrs. Robert E. Polito Mr./Mrs. James Swan Mr./Mrs. H. Sam Priest Mr./Mrs. Paul Taxman Member of The Arts and Education Fund of Greater St.Louis NEW MEMBERSHIPS JULY 1976 (Continued from page 7) Mrs. Pat Thomann Mr./Mrs. George A. Tietze Mr./Mrs. John Voellinger Mrs. Alma Ward Mrs. Wm. E. Weber Mr./Mrs. Clarence White Dr./Mrs. Michael Whyte Mr. John F. Wieger Mr./Mrs. Edward L. Will Mr./Mrs. Michael J. Williamson NEW CONTRIBUTING MEMBERSHIPS AUGUST 1976 Mr./Mrs. Oliver Anderhalter Mr./Mrs. Jacob Van Dyke NEW MEMBERSHIPS AUGUST 1976 Mrs. Teresa M. Adams Mr./Mrs. Joseph M. Arens Mrs. Terry Ann Armstrong Mrs. Ruth S. Aylesworth Mr./Mrs. C. J. Beetz Mr./Mrs. Terrence R. Bettendorf Mr./Mrs. Terry D. Blaies Mr./Mrs. Robert Bondurant Mr. Bruce A. Botts Mr./Mrs. Edw. P. Bronenkamp John and Marcia Cohen Miss Sarah A. Cox Mr./Mrs. E. Martin Davidoff Mr. Byron Davidson Ms. Beatrice Dempsey Mr./Mrs. Gerrit E. DeYoung Mr./Mrs. James Duff Mr./Mrs. Frank L. Dunsmoor III Mr./Mrs. Karl M. Dus Mr./Mrs. Chas. J. Fischer Miss Susan Fluegel Mr./Mrs. John M. Folluo Mr./Mrs. Robt. J. Fotsch Ms. Karen Franz Drs. John and Sandra Gadell Miss Marianne Gagel Dr./Mrs. Ralph Geldbach Mr. Martin K. Gharst Mr./Mrs. Louis P. Glenz Mr./Mrs. Paul C. Guignon Mrs. Stephanie Hagberg Mr./Mrs. Wm. H. Harrison Miss Judith M. Hart Mr. Paul J. Hartwig Mr./Mrs. Edw. M. Helle Mr./Mrs. J. Warren Hellring Mr./Mrs. Mark L. Hoff Ms. Kathleen A. Hull Miss Virginia M. Ilmmer Mrs. A. Mr. Ken . Ingersoll neth Intfeld Mrs. Ruth K. Jacobson Mr./Mrs Mr./Mrs Jewish Hospital School of Nursing Mr./Mrs. Clarence C. Krueger Mrs. Ma Mr./Mrs. W. Mitchell LaMotte Miss Bo Mr./Mrs Mr./Mrs. Mr./Mrs. Mr./Mrs. Mr./Mrs. Dr./Mrs. Dr./Mrs. Mr./Mrs. Mr./Mrs. Mr./Mrs. Mr./Mrs. Mr./Mrs. Mr./Mrs. Mr./Mrs. Mr./Mrs. Mr. Mic Mr./Mrs Mr./Mrs Mr./Mrs Dr. Max and Dr. Anita Pepper . Robyn M. James . Chas. W. Jeep ry E. Kruger nnie Lane . A. H. LaRoche Hugh B. Lee, Jr. Joe M. Lesem Lawrence Levinson Martin M. Liebman Stanley Lyss John A. Mahoney James Malloy John P. McMahon Larry C. Melton Perry Melvin Joseph J. Mestres George Musso Fred W. Nehring Wm. L. Nichols, Jr. hael F. Nolan . Anthony O’Connell . Leon Olszewski H.R. Pelikan Mr./Mrs. Norman L. Phillips Mr./Mrs. Glen Rinderer Mr./Mrs. Geo. S. Robbert Mr./Mrs. John E. Rosenkranz Mr./Mrs. C. Fagg Sanford, III Mr./Mrs. Walter Schauman Mr./Mrs. Chas. A. Schoene Mr./Mrs. James E. Spear, Jr. Ms. Jackie Streifthau Mr. Stephen A. Sutter Mr./Mrs. Robert E. Thach Ms. Shirley G. Tiarks Mr./Mrs. Alan L. Travis Mr./Mrs. Mark L. Vandewalker Mr./Mrs. Bob Wampler Mr. Raymund Wander Mr./Mrs. Gil Weyhaupt INCREASE IN MEMBERSHIP CONTRIBUTIONS AUGUST 1976 SUSTAINING Mr./Mrs. G. B. Sloan Mr./Mrs. Edwin R. Waldemer CONTRIBUTING Mr./Mrs. Elmer D. Abramson Mrs. S. D. Conant Dr. John L. and Dr. E. Spindler Barton Mr./Mrs. William Holcomb Miss Ruth Proehl Mr./Mrs. James E. Reed Mr./Mrs. John R. Gaebe Rt. Rev./Mrs. William A. Jones AUGUST TRIBUTES In Memory of Mary Baron Mr./Mrs. Ellis C. Littman in Memory of Rose Chouteau Mr./Mrs. W. R. Henry in Memory of Mrs. Gertrude Dentman Mr./Mrs. Carl L. A. Beckers ; in Memory of Mrs. Janes M. Geiger Mr./Mrs. G. C. Bradshaw In Memory of Dr. Aphrodite Hofsommer Mr./Mrs. J. Eugene Johanson In Memory of Mr. P. J. Lund Tom and Mary Ott In Memory of Mr. Max M. Mason, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Edward A. Cox Mr./Mrs. D. Goodrich Gamble Mr./Mrs. Eli Strassner In Memory of Jo Ann May’s father Darlene G. Thornhill In Memory of Mrs. Olga P. Pello Edwin R. Waldemer In Memory of Katherine King Pflager Mrs. John S. Lehmann In Memory of Mrs. Hayward M. Port Mrs. Truman Port Youn In Memory of Grace Primm Susan Hartmann In Memory of Mrs. William Reyburn Mrs. Kenneth Davis Mr./Mrs. Charles L. Tooker In Memory of Mrs. Katherine Schepers Audio-Visual Dept., St. Louis County Library In Memory of Walter A. Scott Mr./Mrs. G. C. Bradshaw In Memory of Shirley Stinnett Susan Hartmann In Memory of Mrs. G. Carroll Stribling Mr./Mrs. Howard F. Baer Bethlehem Steel Corp., The Mainliners Club Mr. Henry P. Brightwell Mr./Mrs. Robert S. Charles Mr./Mrs. B. B. Culver, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Edgar Denison Mr./Mrs. McVeigh Goodson Mrs. Lindell Gordon, Jr. Mrs. John M. Hadley Mr./Mrs. Alfred Hallowell Ralph and Beatrice Kraus Mrs. Charles Lamy Jessie Lansing Mary Lansing Mr./Mrs. Stanley Meltzoff Mrs. Abbott L. Mills Mr./Mrs. G. F. Newhard Mrs. Theodore E. Sanders Mr. Charles Alan Seigel Mr. Human G. Stein Mr. Fred M. Switzer, III Mr./Mrs. James P. Wilson In Memory of Nita Todd Laura Mae Cassel in Memory of Mrs. Janelle Young Mr./Mrs. William Flaig MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 2345 Tower Grove Avenue Saint Louis, Missouri 63110 SECOND-CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT ST. LOUIS, MO. Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin ‘TEAHOUSE GETS WHITE GLOVE ‘TREATMENT AS JAPANESE GARDEN ‘TAKES SHAPE Wearing “hoppi” coats, ‘“chika-tabi” shoes and white knit gloves, seven Japanese master craftsmen labored {or seven days in October to give the Missouri fo0tanical Garden a share in 2,000 years of oriental tradition. What they built is a simple, yet elegant Japanese teahouse; a wood, bamboo and tile structure that will ¢erve as focal point of the new Japanese Garden, a 12- é.cre botanical masterpiece and the largest of its kind cn the North American continent. But although the Japanese Garden will not be cpened officially until spring, the arrival of the t2ahouse this fall generated a week-long St. Louis introduction to Japanese culture. It began on a Wednesday in late September, when a liarge truck delivered the disassembled teahouse to the Missouri Botanical Garden, a gift to the state of . ae «THe Japanese teahouse, == above, gift to the State a of Missouri from the Nagano Prefecture in Japan, stands com- pleted on Teahouse Island in the new $1.2 million Japanese Garden development. During a week of work, the teahouse was con- cs structed by a group of ., master craftsmen from r A Matsumoto City, Japan, / 4who conducted a Shinto ceremony, left, to mark its completion. Roof tiles, top, were inscribed by well- wishers in a traditional Japanese gesture of good fortune. Volume LXIV Number 11 November 1976 The teahouse arrives, disassembled, by truck; wrapped in paper and tied with ribbon. , . Nites sal * i ie\ Os ; oe ga" Org ‘de AA hea The Evolution |] ofa i my Teahouse a \ . “OA Ff NG * es The Japanese craftsmen raise the walls and roof supports are attached. Above) The teahouse sections are unloaded. (Below) Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director, inscribes a good luck message on roof tile. (Above) The teahouse begins to assume the form of a teahouse. (Below) A finished view of the teahouse interior. Missouri from the Nagano Prefecture, Missouri's sister-state in Japan. On hand to mark the arrival was Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director, along with other Garden officials and representatives of two corporations which had helped bring the teahouse to St. Louis — Sea-Land Service, Inc., which had brought the teahouse overseas from Tokyo, and Burlington Northern, Inc., which had provided overland transport from Seattle, both free of charge. Wrapped in paper and tied with pink and blue plastic ribbon, the sections of the teahouse were unloaded gently and arranged on the Garden’s southwest grounds, to await the arrival of the craftsmen needed to complete the reconstruction. The teahouse had been erected originally in Mat- sumoto City, according to ancient Japanese teahouse tradition, but was then disassembled and packaged for its 7,000-mile journey to St. Louis. Thirty-six hours after that journey ended, seven Japanese master craftsmen arrived from Matsumoto City to begin their work. Under the supervision of Toshitane Hirabayashi, president of the Kumoi Con- struction Co. of Matsumoto City, the seven men were accompanied from Los Angeles by Dr. Koichi Kawana, architect of the Japanese Garden and professor of environmental design at UCLA. For the next seven days, amid media attention and visits by state and local dignitaries, the Teahouse Island was a beehive of activity as the craftsmen labored through the weekend and often into the night to complete the reconstruction. te atry! “SS —S oF 4 ‘ F a /*> ae , are Fe : Tom K. Smith Jr., left, president of the Garden Board of Trustees, expresses the Garden's gratitude during Shinto ceremonies held to mark the completion of the teahouse. Other dignitaries include, from left, Dr. Maw Shiu Wang, Monsanto employe and interpreter; Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director; Missouri Lt. Gov. William Phelps, and St. Louis Mayor John H. Poelker. Highlights of the week included: — avisit by Missouri Gov. Christopher S. Bond, who along with Dr. Raven accepted from Mr. Hirabayashi a Japanese-lettered sign to be placed above the teahouse. Translated, the sign reads “Nagano An” or “small house of Nagano.” — a series of Japanese lunches served to the craftsmen on the job, supplied by the Japanese American Citizens League and including such dishes as sushi (rice seasoned with sugar, vinegar, sait, vegetables and fish or chicken); cherushi (seasoned rice placed in a seaweed roll); radish pickles and chicken terriyaki, along with hot tea or Phillippine beer. — a banquet hosted by the Japanese American Citizens League, at which each of the Japanese craftsmen received a proclamation of gratitude from the state of Missouri and gifts from the Garden, including miniatures of the Gateway Arch and Bicentennial neckties. Mr. Hirabayashi also received “Misselhorn’s Pencil Sketches of St. Louis,” famous illustrations by Roscoe Misselhorn. — the inscription of good luck messages on teahouse roof tiles, which were then set in place to become a permanent part of Missouri Botanical Garden history. — and an elaborate Shinto ceremony signifying completion of the teahouse, attended by Missouri Lt. Gov. William Phelps and St. Louis Mayor John H. Poelker. Also in attendance for the 2,000-year-old ritual, part of Japanese culture since the time when Shintoism was the state religion and the Emperor adeity, were Tom K. Smith, president of the Garden Board of Trustees; Dr. Raven; Carl L. A. Beckers, honorary Japanese consul general in St. Louis; Edward Tsugita, president of the Japanese American Citizens League; Paul Maruyama, St. Louis businessman who handled many teahouse arrangements; Mr. Hirabayashi and the master craftsmen; and many friends of the Garden. One of the craftsmen, who had trained as a Shinto priest, began the ceremony by waving a cut paper bough, symbolic of a tree, in the ancient Shinto ritual of blessing. Other craftsmen in turn blessed the teahouse and teahouse “gifts” — rice, fish, salt, money and sake. The rice, salt and money were thrown to the crowd in a gesture of good fortune. Later, another craftsman struck the teahouse three times with a hammer to symbolize that it will stand forever, and sake was poured onto each corner of the teahouse foundation as a purification symbol and one representing longevity. Finally, the craftsmen, Garden officials and visiting dignitaries sipped sake in toast to the teahouse. After their week’s work in St. Louis, the craftsmen departed for Japan, leaving behind a lasting expres- sion of their national culture and a worthwhile preview of the kind of delicate beauty the Japanese Garden will bring to St. Louis and the Missouri Botanical Garden. LANTERNS SHED 1904 LIGHT ON JAPANESE GARDEN HISTORY The Missouri Botanical Garden’s new Japanese Garden will serve to shed a patch of light on garden history and St. Louis tradition. What better way to shed light, of course, than with lanterns? And therein hangs a tale: In 1904, the first Japanese Garden in North America was constructed for the Japanese exhibit at the St. Louis World's Fair, bringing atouch of Japan’s delicate culture to the American Midwest. Among the accoutrements of the 1904 garden were two bronze cranes and a pair of ancient Japanese snow-viewing lanterns (Yukimi), which were ultimately purchased from the exhibit by Mr. Leonard Matthews of St. Louis, long-time trustee of the Missouri Botanical Garden. Mrs. William E. Wiese, Mr. Matthew's granddaughter recalls that the cranes and lanterns were initially placed in her grandfather's garden at 5447 Cabanne place. But before Mr. Matthews’ death in 1930, the four historic items were donated to the Missouri Botanical Garden. The cranes, unfortunately, were stolen. But the lanterns, carrying a tradition from the first Japanese Garden in North America, will become part of the largest Japanese Garden in North America when the new development is opened to the public next spring. Ironically, three of Mr. Matthews’ grandchildren have come to have special connections with the Missouri Botanical Garden. — Stratford Lee Morton, whose country place adjoining the Shaw Arboretum, Persimmon Hill, has been donated to The Nature Conservancy for the use of the Garden; — Dorothea Werner, wife of Trifon von Schrenk, who along with his brother worked for many years with the Garden, particularly in the field of wood preservatives; — And Mrs. Wiese, currently a Missouri Botanical Garden volunteer guide who is eagerly awaiting the completion of the Japanese Garden and the conse- quent completion of an historical link with 1904 St. Louis. ' POINSETTIA PARTY SET ; A Poinsettia Preview Party for members of the ¢ § Missouri Botanical Garden, preceding the Garden's ; > annual Christmas Flower Show, will be held from 5 to M4 » 7:30 p.m. Friday, Dec. 10, in the Floral Display House. M4 E The party will be held under the sponsorship of the Famous-Barr Co. FLOWER SHOW HAS YULETIDE THEME “It's Christmas and We Wish You...” is the theme of the 1976 Flower Show of the East-Central District, Federated Garden Clubs of Missouri, to be held in the Missouri Botanical Garden's Floral Display House and Headhouse on Saturday and Sunday, Dec. 4 and 5. The annual flower show in which 155 Missouri garden clubs will participate, will feature 20 classes to be judged, including holiday decorations for the home, and 10 classes in the junior section, for five- to 10- year- olds. The 20 classes in the Senior Artistic Division will emphasize the Christmas theme in wreathes, tree trimmings, garlands, candles, table and mantle decorations and other Yuletide interpretations. Juniors will exhibit their designs in gift wrapping, ideas for winter sports, storytelling and New Year’s posters. Exhibits submitted for judging will not be for sale, but visitors may browse among the unique ornaments and gifts in a “Yule Shop.” Judging will be held from 10:30 a.m. to 1:30 p.m. on Saturday, Dec. 4. Public viewing hours are 2 to 5 p.m. on Saturday, Dec. 4, and from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. on Sunday, Dec. 5. CLIMATRON FEATURES INCREDIBLE EDIBLES The colorful world of edible tropical fruits — from Mediterranean carob to Indian Gooseberry to African governor's plum — will come to the Missouri Botanical Garden, appropriately, for Thanksgiving week. The unusual display, featuring edible fruits from the world’s Tropics will include such familiar household names as banana, pineapple, grapefruit, orange, lemon, lime and coconut. But it will also display such exotica as Australian bignay, banyans, Indonesian carambola, South American cassava, New Zealand kiwi, Mexican sapadillo and Peruvian tree tomato. Visitors to the unique presentation, to be held in the Climatron from Saturday, Nov. 20, through Sunday, Nov. 28, will receive a numbered listing of the tropical fruits and a map identifying their location. A special exhibit will display samples of the plucked fruit, labeled with botanical names and usage, as well as culinary utensils and condiments from local shops. The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN is published 12 issues per year monthly by the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. SUBSCRIPTION RATES: $5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign. ENGELMANN PORTRAIT RESTORED, RETURNED TO PLACE OF HONOR Dr. George Engelmann, pioneer 19th Century botanist and a special friend of the Missouri Botanical Garden, has been restored, revitalized and returned to his place of honor inside the Lehmann Building. The Garden's oil portrait of Dr. Engelmann, that is. Restoration work on the portrait was completed by the firm of Kennedy and Stow, which is currently restoring two other Garden portraits — those of 19th Century botanist Asa Gray and ornithologist Alex- ander Wilson — and has plans to restore 12 others. Tax deductible donations to support this restoration work are being sought, and those interested in making a contribution have been asked to contact the Garden’s director, Dr. Peter H. Raven. The restoration work involves facing the portrait with layers of Japanese tissue and broadcloth, removal of the highly acidic cardboard backing and a layer of white lead adhesive, cleaning, newlining with linen and “inpainting” — the filling in of paint losses and raising of the lost areas to the level of the original paint surface. 1 as Ellen Kennedy, of the firm of Kennedy and Stow, completes “inpainting” during restoration of the portrait, matching areas of loss to the surrounding paint. On the portraits reverse side, cardboard backing and layer of lead adhesive are scraped away. Cynthia Stow raises the level of paint loss to existing level of the painted surface. Ellen Kennedy attaches aluminum stripping to prevent abrasion between the painting and the rabbet of the frame. NANCY LAMMERS NAMED TO MEMBERS OFFICE POSITION The appointment of Nancy Lammers as head of the Members Office and executive secretary of the Executive Board of the Members of the Garden has been announced by Dr. Peter H. Raven, director. Mrs. Lammers, who has been a member of the Garden staff since July, served as coordinator of Special Events until moving into her new position. She will now be responsible for all membership activities and the coordinating of special events in the Garden. Formerly from Circleville, Ohio, Mrs. Lammers was graduated from Stephens College, Columbia, Mo., in 1972 and has had wide experience in coordinating retailing programs, merchandising, and customer relations, particularly in the furniture market in Wisconsin and Illinois. She is married to Charles Lammers, National Sales Manager for Modern Craft, a Division of Lee-Rowan Company. They reside in Kirkwood. 1869 PLAT, GARDEN SKETCH UNEARTHED IN OFFICE MOVE The St. Paul Title Insurance Corp., during an otherwise-routine move from one office to another, has uncovered a unique historical document relating to the Missouri Botanical Garden. The document, an 1869 auction plat drawing of a section of South St. Louis, was presented to the Garden recently by Wayne Gollub, St. Louis branch manager for St. Paul. Dr. William M. Klein, assistant director of the Missouri Botanical Garden, accepted the plat in behalf of the Garden. One of several historic plat drawings discovered during the corporation’s move, the Garden document is an intricate yet delightful rendering of the “Fairmont” suburban villa development on the South Side and the adjacent “Henry Shaw’s Botanical Garden.” Although fine hand lettering and period graphics emphasize the 1869 property auction, the Garden area is minutely laid out to include visitors wandering through the pathways outside the formal Garden area. Other interesting details include a_ whimsical locomotive chugging along “New Manchester Road” and the setting of St. Louis’ city limits just west of Grand avenue. Expertly restored by Kendara Deerenee Lovette, the Garden's conservator, the framed plat has been placed in the lobby of the John S. Lehmann Building on the Garden grounds. Ms. Lovette, along with the professional and volunteer staff of the Bindery and Conservation Department, has the responsibility of preservation work on the Garden’s vast collection of books, manuscripts, maps and photographs. Ms. Lovette also oversees the conservation of the Garden's collection of sculpture and representational art. FOLLOW THE YELLOW BRICK ROAD... Dorothy and her three classic campanions, the Tinman, the Scarecrow and the Cowardly Lion, were on hand this year for an“‘Oz Preview,” the Garden Gate Shop's salute to the season and the fantasy world of “The Wizard of Oz.” . ~e To establish the theme, the shop’s Christmas sale features many tree ornaments, toys and holiday decorations in the “Oz” motif, as well as its traditional array of unique holiday gift items — jewelry, stocking Stuffers, placemats, stationery, garden accessories and garden and plant books. PLANT SALE IS BEST IN GARDEN HISTORY More than 5,000 plant lovers jammed the grounds of the Missouri Botanical Garden for the October plant sale, basking in the carnival atmosphere and purchas- ing take-home plants shipped in,from as far away as Europe and South America. Visitors to the three-day plant-a-thon were enter- tained by the New Greenland Plant Band, which donated its appearance, while more than 2,000 children enjoyed the stories told by Joanie Duggins, the Garden’s “butterfly,” and the thousands of balloons and lollipops contributed by the Famous-Barr Co. Purchased during the sale, held Oct. 2-4, were more than 300 different species of houseplants and at least 25 different cacti genus, with plant care information provided as a bonus. During the Garden's highly successful Plant Sale, shoppers in the Plant Shop line up to purchase plants, plant aids, potting soil and pots. Jamie Weldon, Plant Shop manager, directs the activity from behind the counter. The Garden’s fourth plant sale, by far its most successful, was planned and coordinated by Plant Shop volunteers, under the supervision of sale consultants Mrs. Paul Bakewell Jr., Mrs. B. B. Culver Jr., Mrs. William H. Harrison and Ms. Josephine M. Christian. For the Garden staff, sale arrangements were handled by Randal Anderson, manager of Horticultural Services, and Jamie Weldon, Plant Shop manager. During the sale, the Garden Members Office conducted a prize drawing and presented Chinese Fan Palms to three winners — Dorothy Kendrick of St. Louis, Lorraine Cole of House Springs and Carolyn S. Meyer of Florissant. None of the winners was a member at the time of the drawing, but 30 new memberships were submitted during the sale. Band, purveyors of sounds designed to please plants as well as people, contributed musical services to the three-day sale. The New Greenland Plant Gardening in St. Louis GARDEN WORK With the advent of cooler weather, very little time remains to complete final fall garden preparations. Now is the time to clean up the vegetable garden, dig it over and, if possible, work plenty of organic matter into the soil. Areas for early planting should be given a good mulch of 10 to 12 inches of leaf mold or other suitable material, to keep the frost from penetrating too deeply. Superphosphate at the level of three to four pounds per 100 square feet can also be worked in now, so that in February the ground will need merely to have the mulch removed and raked over and the first seed planted. TREES AND SHRUBS This is the ideal time to plant trees and shrubs. Many of these were dug in late October or earlier this month and, with proper soil preparations, they can be planted as long as the ground remains unfrozen. All new plantings should be heavily mulched, placed four to five inches around them and extending one to 1% feet beyond the actual planting area. This helps to conserve moisture and allows the plant to continue making good root growth. Fall feeding of trees is recommended from November on. Drill holes 14 to 15 inches deep, going a third of the way from the drip line to the base of the tree. Place a handful of balanced fertilizer in each hole space at 18-inch intervals. Newly-planted stock should be lightly pruned to remove damaged wood and thick branches, and to help offset the loss of some root growth. Be careful not to remove the main leader on trees or they may tend to dwarf. OTHER PREPARATIONS New plants should be staked carefully to prevent wind damage during the winter months. Lawns should be mowed as long as there is active growth, so that the grass is not long when the winter season arrives. Leaves and other debris should be raked from the grass to prevent matting and drying out of the lawn. Compost piles should be built up very carefully, a layer of coarse material alternating with a layer of fine material. Each layer should be wetted thoroughly to insure a good breakdown. The addition of old organic matter will hasten decay. The rose garden should be cleaned thoroughly and if healing has not commenced, this should be done before the cooler weather sets in. Bring in topsoil mixed with equal amounts of good organic matter from another area. Place the mixture around the base of each rose to a depth of 10 to 12 inches. Once winter begins, additional mulch with two to three inches of wood chips is advisable. No rose pruning is necessary, other than to remove long canes which might break during the winter months. Roses withstand the elements better if they are not pruned in the fall. Pruning should be delayed until early April. House plants should be examined for insects and disease. Spray as needed with the spray recommended for the specific insect. Avoid over-watering and feeding this time of year. Very little fertilizer is needed unless the plants are making active growth or are flowering plants. The repotting of plants and heavy pruning can be done now if needed. Plants will then be ready for good growth when the days start to lengthen. Outside, water areas around foundation plantings and under roof overhangs, to insure a deep watering before the ground freezes. This will help to protect the plants and keep them in good condition over the winter months. Good mulch around these areas is also beneficial. — Robert J. Dingwall Chief Horticulturist EARLY BLOOMERS: NOT ALL “IMPORTS” Most plants blooming hereabouts in the early spring had to be “Imports,” Edgar Anderson used to Say, because the native flora had endured centuries of experience with the St. Louis climate and was too smart to take chances with its vagaries. This year, Edgar Anderson would have been very much surprised. In the spring of 1976, a number of the natives shed their customary caution and, perhaps with some mystical prescience that this year a lamb-like early March did NOT forbode a lion-like ending for that month, ventured into bloom at least two weeks prior to their earliest appearance in previous records. In keeping track of the “blooming lists” of a group of avid wildflower buffs, on weekly one-day excursions from the city, much of our previous dating has been “boulverse,” and a number of new notations scribbled into that bible of local botanists, Steyermark’s Flora of Missouri. Nomenclature and common names accor- ding to Steyermark, Julian A. 1972. Flora of Missouri. lowa State University Press, Ames, lowa. The following species, April debutantes in other seasons, all bloomed this year prior to the first of that month. Acer negundo L. — Box Elder. Antennaria plantaginifolia (L.) Hook. — Pussy’s Toes. Arabis laevigata (Muhl.) Poir. var. Jaevigata — Smooth Rock Cress. Camassia scilloides (Raf.) Cory — Wild Hyacinth. Castilleja coccinea (L.) Spreng. — Indian Paintbrush. Chaerophyllum procumbens (L.) Crantz — Wild Cher- vil. Clematis fremontii S. Wats. var. riehlii Erickson — Fremont’s Leather Flower. Cornus florida L. — Flowering Dogwood. Delphinium tricorne Michx. f. tricorne — Dwarf Larkspur. Hybanthus concolor (T. F. Forst.) Spreng. — Green Violet. Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) K. Koch — Hop Hornbeam. Phlox divaricata L. var. laphamii Wood — Blue Phlox. Prunus americana Marsh. — Wild Plum. Pyrus ioensis (Wood) Bailey — Wild Crab. Ribes missouriensis Nutt. — Missouri Gooseberry. Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees — Sassafras. Senecio obovatus Muhl. — Squaw-weed. Staphylea trifolia L. — American Bladder-nut. Trillium recurvatum Beck. — Purple Trillium. T. viride Beck. var. viride — Green Trillium. Uvularia grandiflora Sm. — Bellwort. Viola pedata L. — Pansy Violet. V. striata Ait. — Pale Violet. — Erna Rice Eisendrath TOWER GROVE HOUSE IN GOOD HANDS AS CHRISTMAS SEASON APPROACHES Tower Grove House, Henry Shaw’s elegant country residence and currently one of the finest examples of Victorian architecture and furnishings in America, will be in the expert hands of decorators of all ages as it is prepared for the 1976 holiday season. The residence, on the grounds of the Missouri Botanical Garden at 2101 Tower Grove Ave., will be closed on Monday, December 13, to allow the decorating committee to make Christmas preparations. But from Tuesday, December 14, until Monday, January 3, the decorated mansion will be open to offer the public the unique experience of a Victorian Christmas. For the 1976 holiday season, fifth-grade students from two St. Louis area schools will participate in the decorating activities. The students, from Mary Institute and Community School, will plan, create and execute the decorations for two of the bedrooms and the small sitting room on the home's second floor. Other trimming duties will be as follows: — Mr. Shaw’s bedroom, by the Garden Club of St. Louis; — The guest bedroom, by the volunteer tour guides; — The area at the top of the stairs and the upstairs hall, by the “hostesses of the day;” — The twin parlors on the first floor, by The Sowing Circle Garden Club; — The staircase, hall and Mr. Shaw's office, by the Women’s Board of the Missouri Botanical Garden, with Mrs. Dwight Coultas as chairman of the committee; — The kitchen, by the Herb Society; — The dining room and library, by Mrs. Neal S. Wood; — To give the house exterior the Christmas touch, the children of the Garden’s assistant director, Dr. William M. Klein, have been chosen to trim the Bird Tree. In addition to tours of Tower Grove House, a collection of attractive Christmas ornaments will be on sale during the holiday season. — Alice Lynch, manager Tower Grove House Dr. Peter H. Raven, left, Garden director, accepts “Flying Colors '76", an Alexander Calder lithograph signed by the author, from Dick Barbeau, represen- ting the employes of Braniff International Airways. Donald W. Bigbie, center, is district sales director for Braniff. The lithograph was a gift to the Garden from Braniff employes. i ® 3 : STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP, MANAGEMENT AND CIRCULATION (ACT OF AUGUST 12, 1970: SECTION 3685, TITLE 39, UNITED STATES CODE.) 1. Title of Publication; MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 2. Date of Filing: October 1, 1976 3. Frequency of issues: 12 issues per year monthly 4. Location of known office of Publication: 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 5. Location of the Headquarters or General Business Offices of the Publishers: 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 6. Names and addresses of publisher, editor and managing editor are: Publisher, Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110; Managing Editor, Marilee C. Martin 7. Owner. Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 8. Known bondholders, mortgagees, and other security holders owning or holding 1 percent or more of total amount of bonds, mortgages, or other securities: None 9. The purpose, function and nonprofit status of this organization and the exempt status for Federal income tax purposes has not changed during preceding 12 months. Authorized to mail at special rates (Section 132.122, PSM) 10. Extent and nature of circulation Average no. copies Actual no. copies - each tssue during of single issue preceding 12 published nearest months to filing date A. Total no. copies printed 10,000 10,000 (Net Press Run) B. Paid Circulation 1. Sales through dealers and carriers, street vendors and counter sales none none 2. Mail subscriptions 8,800 8,800 C. Total paid circulation 8,800 8,800 D. Free distribution by mail, carrier or other means samples, complimentary and other free copies 500 500 E. Total distribution 9,300 9,300 F. Copies not distributed 1. Office use, left-over, unaccounted, spoiled after printing 700 700 2. Returns from news agents none none G. Total (Sum of E & F should equal net press run shown in A) 10,000 10,000 | certify that the statement made by me above is correct and complete (Signed) Marilee C. Martin, Manager Public Relations Department 10 Two companies provided transporta- tion services without charge to bring the Japanese teahouse to the Garden. On hand for its arrival are, from left, Daniel T. O'Brien, sales manager, Inter- national Trade, Burlington Northern, Inc.; Richard McGee, aide to Mayor John H. Poelker; Gerald M. Brown, district sales manager, Sea- Land Service, Inc.; and Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director. MISS NELL C. HORNER (1889-1976) GARDEN LIBRARIAN Miss Nell C. Horner, Missouri Botanical Garden librarian and editor of publications for nearly 40 years, died following a brief illness on Monday, Sept. 6, 1976, at St. Luke’s Hospital in St. Louis. She was 87. Miss Horner, a University City resident at the time of her death, was a Columbia, Mo., native, who came to St. Louis in the 1900s to attend Washington University. In 1912, she became librarian and editor of publications at the Missouri Botanical Garden, serving in those positions until she was hired in the 1950s to work in the medical library of the St. Louis University School of Medicine. She retired in 1960. Private graveside services were held in Columbia, Mo. Friends of Miss Horner may make donations in her memory to the Missouri Botanical Garden or to the charity of their choice, according to a_ family spokesman. Member of The Arts and Education Fund of Greater St.Louis INCREASE IN MEMBERSHIP CONTRIBUTIONS SEPTEMBER 1976 SPONSORING Mr./Mrs. G. A. Buder, Jr. SUSTAINING Mr./Mrs. T. Ellis Barnes, II Mr./Mrs. Bourne Bean Dr. Ilse Heilbrunn Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Jacob Mr./Mrs. Henry O. Johnston Mr./Mrs. Robert J. Ryan Mr./Mrs. Leo J. Stephens CONTRIBUTING Mr./Mrs. T. James Brownlee Mrs. David R. Calhoun Mr./Mrs. Theodore P. Desloge Mr./Mrs. H. M. Dinzler Mr./Mrs. David W. Edwards Dr./Mrs. D. S. Francisco Mr. Edwin G. Hudspeth Mr./Mrs. Allan W. Lindberg Dr./Mrs. John C. Martz NEW SUSTAINING MEMBERSHIPS SEPTEMBER 1976 Barnard Stamp Company Mr./Mrs. J. E. Varner NEW CONTRIBUTING MEMBERSHIPS SEPTEMBER 1976 Mr. Harold W. Bachman Dr. Gladys E. Baker Mr./Mrs. E. B. Feutz Mrs. A. W. Frazier Mr./Mrs. G. Gordon Hertslet Mrs. Homer Howes Mrs. Charles A. Lucas Mr./Mrs. Robert T. Pieper Mr. George C. Willson, III NEW MEMBERSHIPS SEPTEMBER 1976 Mr./Mrs. George Adderton Mr./Mrs. William H. Allan Mr. John Charles Allen Dr./Mrs. James H. Allison Mr./Mrs. G. E. Amies Mr./Mrs. Lloyd A. Anderson Dr./Mrs. Robert R. Anschuetz Mr. John H. Armbruster Mr./Mrs. Ronald J. Auclair Miss Claire Avis Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Azerolo Mr./Mrs. Jacques Baenziger Mrs. J. Adair Baker Mr./Mrs. Harold Bamburg Mrs. Leroy B. Barber Mr./Mrs. Lee Barker Miss Susan Barrington Mr./Mrs. John T. Barrow, Sr. Mrs. William Maffitt Bates Dr./Mrs. A. V. Bauer Mr./Mrs. Roy N. Baumgartner Judy Bean, Ltd. Mr./Mrs. James M. Beauchamp Miss S. Louise Beasley Mr./Mrs. John Becker Dr./Mrs. D. E. Beckman Miss Dorothy M. Belanger Mr./Mrs. Arthur Bell Mr./Mrs. Richard E. Bell Mr./Mrs. Brian R. Bender Mr./Mrs. Kenneth J. Bennett Mr./Mrs. Hunt Benoist Ms. Frances A. Bergjans Mr./Mrs. Geraid Bernstein Mrs. Melba Bielsmith Mr./Mrs. Michael Bieri Dr. H. C. Blamoville Rev. Joseph H. Blattner Mr./Mrs. Eugene C. Blumeyer Dr./Mrs. Irvin H. Blumfield Ms. Evelyn A. Bock Mr./Mrs. Wm. T. Boehm Mr./Mrs. Kenneth G. Boling Mrs. Helen Boller Mr. Raymond C. Bond Dr./Mrs. Robert L. Bonsanti Mrs. Fred W. Boschert Miss Helen E. Boyles Mr./Mrs. E. W. Jim Bozzay Mr./Mrs. Walter S. Brank, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Wm. Bransted Mr./Mrs. James Brickey Mr./Mrs. Thomas J. Briegel Mrs. Gay B. Brown Mr./Mrs. John W. Bryan Dr./Mrs. Theodore L. Bryan Dr./Mrs. John J. Budd, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Joseph R. Burcham Dr. Richard H. Butsch Mr./Mrs. John P. Butler Ms. K. L. Cammack Mr./Mrs. Walter R. Campbell Mr./Mrs. Lawrence J. Carafiol Mr./Mrs. Tobin Carlin Mr./Mrs. Robert Carty Mr./Mrs. Calvin Case, Jr. Dr. Hirendra N. Chakrobortty Ms. Anne V. Champ Mr./Mrs. Joseph C. Champ The Children’s House Mr./Mrs. Anthony S. Cina Mrs. Jane H. Clarkson Ms. Elizabeth Clayton Mr./Mrs. Oliver C. Clerc Mrs. Esther Coffman Ms. Gertrude Cohen Dr./Mrs. Hillard K. Cohen Mr./Mrs. Michael A. Cole Mrs. Mary Colton Mr./Mrs. Hartley B. Comfort Concordia Seminary Mr./Mrs. Donald F. Conrad Mr./Mrs. John C. Corley Mr./Mrs. William T. Corum Mr./Mrs. Paul Cottrill Mr./Mrs. Michael A. Cowan Mrs. Leland K. Cowie Mr./Mrs. Eldon F. Cox Mr./Mrs. James J. Cramer Mrs. Laura A. Crews Mr./Mrs. Paul W. Crow Ms. Shelby H. Curlee Mr./Mrs. Brian K. Daniels Prof./Mrs. William J. Danker Mr./Mrs. Robert F. Dapron Mr./Mrs. Carl Daubendiek Mr./Mrs. Don R. Daues Dr. Benjamin F. Davis Mr./Mrs. Jerry Allen Davis Mr. William L. Davis Mr./Mrs. Nigel Daw Mr./Mrs. M. D. Dawson Dr./Mrs. Tony M. Deeths Mr./Mrs. Oliver Deex Mr./Mrs. Paul J. Diefenbach Mr./Mrs. Oliver De Garmo Mr./Mrs. Henry Deiters Mr./Mrs. Jack Delling Mr./Mrs. Gerald P. Deppe Ms. Mary B. Deichmann Mr./Mrs. Dan Dierdorf Mr. Henry J. Dilschneider, III Mr./Mrs. George R. Donald Mr./Mrs. Alphonse J. Drury Mr./Mrs. Howard M. Dudley Mr./Mrs. Alfred V. Dunkin Mr./Mrs. Bernard Edison Dr./Mrs. James E. Edwards Mrs. Katharine S. Ennion Mr./Mrs. J. Epping Mr./Mrs. F. B. Erickson Mr./Mrs. Walter P. Eschbacher Mr. Hugo J. Fach Mr./Mrs. A. L. Fantilli Mrs. Dorothy E. Farley Miss Mary Jane Farley Mr./Mrs. James M. Fiala Mr./Mrs. John R. Finkenkeller Mr./Mrs. Alan P. Fischer Mr./Mrs. Richard A. Fischer Mr./Mrs. Michael R. Foresman Mr. Charles D’Arcy Fox Mr./Mrs. James Ashby Francis Miss Aurora Leigh Frederick Mr./Mrs. Donald Freeman Mrs. G. S. Frerichs Mr./Mrs. Edgar C. Froehlich Mr./Mrs. Yasushi Fukami Mr./Mrs. Donald H. Funk Ms. Judith J. Funkhouser Ms. Jane Gaines Mrs. W. Chastonay Garden Mr. Glen Paul Gelhot Mr./Mrs. William A. George, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Charles W. Gholson Mrs. Ruth Gmachl Mr./Mrs. Charles H. Godat Mr./Mrs. N. J. Golding, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Herman Goralnik Mr./Mrs. Sam Green Mr./Mrs. Lowell Grev Dr./Mrs. Charles W. Griege Ms. Virginia Groll Mr./Mrs. Thomas J. Gulfoil Dr./Mrs. John G. Haddad, Jr. Miss Geneva Hagarty Mr. M. Leon Hall Mr./Mrs. Melvin Hall, Jr. Mr. Eric Hamburg Mr./Mrs. Bill Hamilton Mr. Harry R. Hammond, III Mr./Mrs. David M. Hardy Mrs. Imogene H. Hazzard Dr./Mrs. Raymond W. Hellweg Mr./Mrs. John Heit Ms. Edna Heman Mr. Richard G. Henderson Mr./Mrs. James J. Hennrich Miss Linda Herzig Mrs. Viola E. Hightower Miss Ann Hildebrand Mr./Mrs. Edwin L. Hill Mr. R. H. Hill Mr. Julian G. Hoffmann Mr./Mrs. Richard C. Holton Mrs. June V. Holtzmann Ms. Sadie Homa Miss Margaret Houlihan Mr./Mrs. Douglas H. Huber Mr./Mrs. Hubert Hufendick Mr. Henry C. Hughes Dr./Mrs. James G. Hull Mr./Mrs. W. L. Hunt Mrs. H. P. Hunter Mrs. E. R. Hurd, Jr. Mr./Mrs. John Huther Miss Betty Hutson Mr./Ms. Gerald P. Hyde Mr./Mrs. Lane P. Jackson Mr./Mrs. T. C. Jacoby, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Michael F. Jakubowski Dr. J. T. Jean Miss Janet Jennings Mr./Mrs. Gary S. Johnson Dr./Mrs. Robert R. Johnson Mr. Claude E. Jones, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Robert J. Jourdain Mr. Ratph K. Judy Mrs. Milton H. Just Mr. Hans-Peter Kappus Ms. Joan Karnuth Mr./Mrs. Theodore R. Karros Mr./Mrs. Charles Kemper, Jr. Miss Elise Kiesel Miss Frances King Mr./Mrs. John Kistner Mr./Mrs. Charles Klasek Mr./Mrs. Ralph Klein Mr./Mrs. Steven H. Klein Miss Henrietta Klickermann Mr./Mrs. Lee E. Klint Mr./Mrs. John C. Kluge Mr./Mrs. Charles W. Koch Miss Marjorie Koehr - Mr. Joseph M. Kohler Mr./Mrs. Stanley L. Kopczynski Miss Penny E. Kreutz Dr./Mrs. John L. Krieger Miss Imogene Krietemeyer Mr./Mrs. David Kovac Mrs. Emma Kraus Mr. Gregory J. Kuehl Mr./Mrs. R. B. Laidet, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Harold R. Largen Mr./Mrs. Tom Laufersweiler Miss Marcella M. Lauth Mr./Mrs. Harry Leamy Mrs. Daniel H. Le Gear Mr./Mrs. A. D. Leitze Mr./Mrs. Robert E. Lenhardt Mr./Mrs. Clifford C. Lesandrini Mr./Mrs. Stanford Levin Mr./Mrs. Phillip L. Lilley Mr. E. A. Limberg Mrs. H. E. Linzee Mr./Mrs. Robert C. Little Mr./Mrs. Robert O. Little Mr./Mrs. Kenneth W. Locke Mr./Mrs. W. Malcolm Lowry Miss Edna B. Luer Mr. Eugene Luning Mrs. Rene J. Lusser Mr. Louis A. Luth Mr./Mrs. William G. Madsen Mr./Mrs. J. Marshall Magner Mrs. C. Hohman Mahn Mrs. Charles N. Malmros Mrs. Lillian Mangelsdorf Mr./Mrs. Victor Mann Mr./Mrs. William Manson Ms. Donna M. Marin Mr./Mrs. E. C. Markman Mr. Robert V. E. Martin Dr./Mrs. Sydney B. Maughs Sr. Anne Theresa Mayol Mrs. Wilfred E. Maxeiner Mr./Mrs. John J. McCarthy Mr./Mrs. J. R. McCurdy Mr./Mrs. F. M. McDougall Mr./Mrs. M. J. McElroy Rev. and Mrs. Andrew McGaffin Mr./Mrs. Francis J. McKeon, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Richard McPherson Mrs. Florence L. McQuater Mr./Mrs. Tom P. Melton Dr. Hyman Meltzer Mr./Mrs. Howard E. Meyer Mr./Mrs. Jerome Michelson Mr./Mrs. Bruce Mills Mrs. Floris R. Mills Mr./Mrs. Charles E. Mitchell Mr./Mrs. A. Wellborne Moise Mr./Mrs. Jopseh O. Morrissey, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Carl S. Muelier, Jr. Mrs. Florence Morrow Mr./Mrs. Robert E. Murray Mr./Mrs. John R. Mykrantz Mr./Mrs. T. M. Nagle Mr./Mrs. William A. Nelden Dr./Mrs. Steven H. Nichols Mr./Mrs. George A. Nolte Mr./Mrs. Charles G. Obermeyer Mr./Mrs. Jack O’Toole Miss Josephine Palazzo Miss N. E. Parato Mr./Mrs. Lester Parmenter Miss Ruth Parsons mM Mrs. W. E. Pavlick Mrs. F. A. Peeler Mrs. C. K. Pennington, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Fred H. Perabo Mr./Mrs. Robert F. Perkins Mr. Joseph E. Perrine Mrs. Thomas Petters Mrs. Gussie Phillips Mr./Mrs. Anthony L. Picatto Mrs. Ralph F. Piper Mr./Mrs. Richard E. Pollock Mr. Predrag Popovich Mr. Chris Price Dr./Mrs. Robert J. Quinilty Mr. T. P. Ramamoorthy Mrs. Henry H. Rand Mr./Mrs. Willis M. Reals Dr./Mrs. Thomas E. Reh Mr./Mrs. Oliver W. Reichert Mrs. Malcolm B. Reid Mr./Mrs. Jerome R. Renner Miss Julian Renstrom Mr./Mrs. Robert E. Restemyer Mr. Stephen L. Reynolds Miss Shirley K. Richardson Mr./Mrs. Clarence Ricks, Jr. Dr. John E. Ridgway, Jr. Ms. Elizabeth W. Roberson Mr./Mrs. H. C. Roberts Mr. Glenn E. Rodey Mr. Henry A. Rodriquez Mr./Mrs. Frederick H. Roever Miss Mary Ross Mrs. Elizabeth P. Roth Mr./Mrs. Andrew Rothschild Mr./Mrs. Lee E. Rottmann Mr./Mrs. Michael Ruocco Mrs. H. Carl Runge, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Richard Rynkiewicz St. Bonaventure Friary Mr./Mrs. Fred Z. Salomon, Jr. Ms. Janet Sargent Mrs. George N. Sardi Mr. Carl R. Sartorius Mr./Mrs. Dennis Satterlee Ms. Jane Saur Mr./Mrs. Alan Schaefer Mr./Mrs. Ralph M. Schaefer Mr./Mrs. Edward R. Schallom Ms. Lillian Scheloski Mr. F. T. Schleicher Mr./Mrs. Raymond Schneider Mr. Joseph M. Schroeder Mr./Mrs. Ray Schulz Mr./Mrs. A. Schwartz Mr./Mrs. Harry D. Schwartz Mr./Mrs. Emil A. Schwarz Mr./Mrs. C. Monville Schwarz Mr./Mrs. John Sears Mrs. Frank Montgomery See Dr./Mrs. E. P. Scott Ms. Katherine Schilling Mr./Mrs. Martin E. Seidel Miss Marie G. Seiffert Mr./Mrs. V. E. Semon Mr./Mrs. Anthony J. Sestric Mrs. Philip T. Shahan Mr./Mrs. Alfred L. Shapleigh, III Mr./Mrs. Gerald G. Shashek Mr./Mrs. Robert H. Sicking Mr./Mrs. David J. Signaigo Mrs. Mary C. Sinquefield Mr. Christopher Meaux Smith Mr./Mrs. Forest J. Smith Ms. Mary Smythe Ms. June Snyder Miss Ruth Snyder Dr./Mrs. John C. Soucy, Jr. Ms. Dara Sorgman Mr./Mrs. Ted Spanos, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Herbert Spiegelberg Mr./Mrs. Alvin L. Spitler Adele C. Starbird Mr./Mrs. Lawrence D. Steefel Mr. Robert L. Steen Miss Sylvia A. Steiling Mr./Mrs. Gerald W. Steinman Miss Kathryn Z. Stemmerich Ms. Jean Stern Dr./Mrs. Denton J. Stewart Mr./Mrs. L. E. Stickler Mrs. Barbara Stinson Mr./Mrs. Harold A. Stoll Mr./Mrs. Farren G. Stover Mrs. Donald M. Strathearn Mrs. Elenor Strauss Dr./Mrs. William |. Stryker Dr./Mrs. Joseph Sudekum Mrs. E. G. Sumner Mr./Mrs. Donald Sunder Mr. Robert A. Swart Dr./Mrs. W. Richard Sylvanovich Mrs. Sadano Taketa Mr./Mrs. James E. Tayon Mr./Mrs. J. R. Telscher Mr. Jerome A. Tessmer Mr./Mrs. Leonidas Theodoro Miss Fern D. Thorp Mr./Mrs. Alan R. Tom Dr./Mrs. Malcolm S. Torgerson Mr. Peter J. Giacoma Mr./Mrs. Wm. B. Trost Mr./Mrs. Joseph Tucker Mr./Mrs. Wlater J. Thomas Dr./Mrs. Luis Tumialan Mr./Mrs. Ching C. Tung Dr./Mrs. Joseph B. Uelk Mr./Mrs. Charles Valier Mr./Mrs. Lawrence W. Valli Mr./Mrs. Russell Voges Mrs. Carole M. Van Vranken Ms. Lois Vander Waerdt Dr./Mrs. John Wagner Miss Lois H. Waninger Mr. Howard M. Webb Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Weatherup Mr./Mrs. Sheldon Weinstein Dr./Mrs. Don C. Weir Mr./Mrs. Sam Weissman Dr./Mrs. William H. White, Jr. Mr./Mrs. W. C. Whitlow Mr./Mrs. Howard J. Wilkinson, Jr. Mrs. Thelma Williamson Mr./Mrs. Raymond L. Willsey Mr./Mrs. Rudolph Ernst K. Winter Mr./Mrs. Homer Winckler Mr./Mrs. Mitchel L. Wolf Andy and Dreama Wolff Mr./Mrs. Fred J. Wolff Mrs. Norman C. Wolff Miss N. Ruth Wood Mr./Mrs. John R. Woods Mr./Mrs. Denver M. Wright, III Mr./Mrs. Peregrine Wroth Mr./Mrs. David O. Wyse Mrs. |. J. Yarbrough Mr./Mrs. Ee Thye Yin Mr./Mrs. L. J. Zapf Mr./Mrs. Louis A. Zimmermann Rev./Mrs. Robert M. Zorn SEPTEMBER TRIBUTES In Honor of Mr./Mrs. Orator 0. Miller’s 50th Wedding Anniversary Mrs. Clem F. Storckman In Honor of Mr./Mrs. Morton Meyer's Golden Anniversary Mrs. William H. Schield in Memory of Robert J. Anderson, Jr. Charles, Jerry, and Thomas Kohler In Memory of Mr. Clifford J. Anton Rose Society of Greater St. Louis_ : in Memory of Mrs. Roberta Lewis Bailey Mrs. Charles E. Bascom In Memory of Helen Faye Barnett Friends and Neighbors on Flora Place in Memory of Mrs. David Baron Mr./Mrs. Elmer D. Abramson in Memory of Mrs. Marion Blossom Mr. E. G. Cherbonnier : in Memory of Mrs. Georgine Brooks Phyllis A. T. Smyser In Memory of Mrs. Helen Burrows Woodbine Garden Club In Memory of Mrs. Elizabeth F. Canine Margaret A. Bick Ltc. C. E. Canine C. J. Canine Geraldine E. Martino The Nassau Family Gertrude M. Steinhaus Mr./Mrs. Rudolph Voelker Mrs. M. D. Weable In Memory of Dr. Harold Freedman Mr./Mrs. Elmer D. Abramson Mr./Mrs. Ellis C. Littmann In Memory of Mrs. Lillian S. Hartnett Edwin R. Waldemer In Memory of Miss Nell C. Horner Irma G. Bedford Dorothy A. Brockhoff Mrs. Oscar E. Buder Mrs. P. G. Drabelle Erna R. Eisendrath Janet Jennings William J. King Carla Lange Virginia R. McMath Mr./Mrs. N. M. Osborne Elizabeth W. Thatcher In Memory of Max M. Mason, Jr. Mr./Mrs. John R. Green, II In Memory of Mrs. William E. Reyburn Mr./Mrs. Harrison F. Lyman, Jr. In Memory of Mrs. Ruth Royse Clayton Garden Club #2 In Memory of Mr. Frank H. Ruggeri, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Charles E. Gitto, Sr. In Memory of Mrs. R. H. Storm Mr./Mrs. Jack C. Taylor Mr./Mrs. H. M. Wilson, Jr. In Memory of Miss Nancy Wills Clayton Garden Club #2 In Memory of Mr. Sol Wolf Mr./Mrs. Elmer D. Abramson MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 2345 Tower Grove Avenue Saint Louis, Missouri 63110 SECOND-CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT ST. LOUIS, MO. Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin DECORATORS READY TO DECK THE HALLS FOR HOLIDAYS AT TOWER GROVE HOUSE A Victorian Christmas experience, “Mr. Shaw Entertains the Children of St. Louis,” will be offered for the 1976 holiday season at Tower Grove House, Henry Shaw’s 19th Century country home at the Missouri Botanical Garden. Open to the public from Dec. 14 through Jan. 4, the historic home will be decorated almost “from tower to grove” in holiday tradition, with many ornaments and decorations designed and made by children. Fifth-grade students from Mary Institute and Com- munity school will decorate the parlors on the first floor of Tower Grove house. And decoration of the Bird Tree, outside the home, will bein the hands of Jennifer, (Continued on Page 2 SOMETHING FOR THE BIRDS... One of the most unique elements of the Tower Grove House holiday project is the Bird Tree, a seasonal “feeder” hung with edible ornaments as a Christmas gift to the Missouri Botanical Garden’s birds-in- residence. The bird baubles, including popcorn, cranberry strings, orange rinds and suet cakes, will be made this year by the children of Dr. and Mrs. William M. Klein. For those interested in trimming their own Bird Tree, Edith Mason, landscape architect and the Garden’s Bird Tree decorator for many years, offers the following directions: For suet cakes, use 20-25 pounds of suet ground bya butcher, if possible, because suet requires a lengthy time for rendering. Melt the suet in a large iron pot or (Continued on Page 2) Erica Klein, top, daughter of Dr. and Mrs. William M. Klein, gives Bird Tree its holi- day trimming. Dr. Klein is the Garden's assis- tant director. Erica and her brother and sisters, left, Darin, Jennifer and Melissa Klein, use teamwork to give the birds a holiday treat. Volume LXIV Number 12 December 1976 DECKING THE (SHAW) HALLS... (Continued from Page 1) Melissa, Erica and Darin Klein, children of Dr. and Mrs. William M. Klein. Dr. Klein is assistant director of the Garden. Also involved in transforming Tower Grove House into a Victorian Christmas delight are the Volunteers and Hostesses, who will decorate the guest room and the upstairs hall; several garden clubs, including the Sowing Circle Garden Club, the Garden Club of St. Louis and the Ladue Garden Club, who will ornament areas throughout the house; the Herb Society, in charge of the Shaw kitchen; and the Women’s Board of Missouri Botanical Garden, who will decorate the staircase and hall. . Tower Grove House will be closed, to be given its holiday trim, on Monday, Dec. 13. The next day, it will open to the public. Admission to the decorated residence will be free with a minimum $6 purchase from the collection of handmade Christmas ornaments made for the occa- sion. LAND OF 0Z AT THE GARDEN GATE SHOP From somewhere over the rainbow, at the Members Preview of the Garden Gate Shop Christmas sale, came the Tin Woodman (Mrs. John Lipscomb), the Cowardly Lion (Mrs. Edwin S. Baldwin), Dorothy (Mrs. Holland F. Chalfant, Jr.), and the Scarecrow (Mrs. William A. Sims, Jr.). All characters are volunteer buyers for the Garden Gate Shop, which this year is featuring gifts, ornaments, and toys from the Land of Oz. SOMETHING FOR THE BIRDS... (Continued from Page 1) heavy skillet, and mix in various bird foods, with chopped dates and raisins. Pour the mixture into aluminum gelatin molds of holiday shapes — stars, crescents, rings, etc. While hot, insert foot-long pipe stems for handles, preferably in red or green to add holiday color. When cool, place the ornaments into the freezer until ready to unmold and hang on the tree. Cranberries and popcorn can be strung using string and a tapestry needle. In the same way, dried apples and orange rinds can be strung on yarn, or orange rinds can be made into baskets filled with dried bread crumbs. Last Christmas, members of the Marshalltown (lowa) Bird Club visited the Garden and were so impressed with the Bird Tree that the club president later wrote to request instructions for trimming a_ tree for Marshalltown birds this coming holiday season. GIFT-WISE, PLANT SHOP HAS A BETTER IDEA Until the last shopping day before Christmas, the Plant Shop at the Missouri Botanical Garden will offer weekly holiday specials for those interested in putting a little life into their shopping lists. Beginning each Wednesday, the Plant Shop will offer special savings on avariety of selected plants and plant items, according to James Weldon, shop manager. The specials will continue until noon on Dec. 24, when the Garden will close for Christmas. The Plant Shop will be decorated for the season with an abundance of flowering specimens, also available for purchase. A feature attraction will be a tree decorated with ‘natural’ ornaments, gathered from the Garden and from the Shaw Arboretum. PASTICCIO, IF YOU PLEASE The theme of the Missouri Botanical Garden’s 1976 Poinsettia Preview Party, scheduled for 5 to 7:30 p.m. Friday, Dec. 10 in the Floral Display House, can be embodied in a single, expressive word: “Pasticcio”! The term, of Italian origin, refers to a delightful miscellany, a medley of unexpected and amusing happenings. In charge of planning and producing “Pasticcio” are Mrs. George K. Hasegawa, committee chairman, assisted by committee members Mrs. Shadrach F. Morris, Mrs. W. Boardman Jones and Mrs. J. Butler Bushyhead. Sponsored by the Famous-Barr Co., the party will feature refreshments, including complimentary wine punch, and the informal modeling of holiday fashions. GARDEN FEDERATION TO HOLD GALA HOLIDAY FLOWER SHOW For the first time in four years, the East-Central District, Federated Garden Clubs of Missouri, will hold a major flower show at the Missouri Botanical Garden. The event is scheduled for Dec. 4 and 5 in the Floral Display House. The East-Central District is composed of 155 garden clubs in St. Louis and St. Louis County, representing more than 3,500 members. “It's Christmas and We Wish You .. .” isthe theme of the show, which will feature educational exhibits, a slide program, a Brownie troop Christmas exhibit, Senior and Junior Artistic and Horticultural divisions, Candlelight reflected on a silver screen, an Art Decco interpretation with handcrafted candles and flowers, was designed by Mrs. John L. O'Brien. “Candlelight” is among the Christmas wishes of the East-Central District, Federated Garden Clubs of Missouri, Flower Show. and a Yule Shop for the sale of ornaments and gift items. Educational exhibits will include Art with Cones and Pods; Presidential Legacies for Future Horizons; and Simplified Care with Wick Watering, for African Violets. Public viewing hours are from 2 p.m. to 5 p.m. on Saturday, Dec. 4, and 9a.m. to 4p.m. on Sunday, Dec. 5. There is no charge other than gate admission to see the Flower Show. The slide program will be shown at 3 p.m. on Dec. 4, and at 11 a.m. and 2 p.m. on Dec. 5. Brownie Troop 2944 from St. Sebastian School, sponsored by the Hathaway Garden Club, will provide aseasonal exhibit entitled “Christmas Weeds ’N Things.” There will be 20 classes for entries in the Senior Artistic Division, including: A Wreath of Happiness Around You; Gaily Trimmed Trees; Glowing Hearths; Happy Hang-ups; Friendly Calls; Family Gatherings; Carol Singing; Candlelight; Love and Kisses; Hearty Welcome. A Bit of Whimsy; Happy Memories; Gala Evening; Moments of Reverence; Peppermint Sticks and Candy Canes; Pretty Gifts; Snowflakes; Favorite Things; Some Ho-Ho-Hoing; And a Happy New Year. In the Senior Horticulture Division, Section “A” includes Arboreal Specimens — Conifer/needled Evergreens, Broadleaf Evergreens and _ Berried Branches. Section “B” includes House Plants (both single and multiple plantings), and Hanging Plants. Section “C” is for Dried or Preserved Plant Materials. In the Junior Artistic Division, for five to 10-year- olds, 10 classes of entry are available, including: Happy Wrapping; A Tree-Trimming Party; Carols to Sing; Some Snow for Sledding; Reindeer on the Roof; The Joy of Toys; Fun and Games; Time for Legends; Could Hear the Animals Talk; And a Colorful New Year. In the Junior Horticulture Division, Section “A” includes Cacti and Succulents, House Plants and Plants propagated by the exhibitor; Section “B” will include Aquariums, Dish Gardens, Terrariums and Feeding and/or Watering Boards for Birds. The Flower Show offers all viewers an excellent way to pick up holiday decorating ideas. In charge of arrangments for the Flower Show are, from left, Mrs. John A. Secrist, district direc- tor of the East-Central District; assisted by Mrs. William V. Donnan, schedule chairman; and Mrs. Tracy Shade and Mrs. Robert E. Hannon, general co-chairmen. HAIL AND FAREWELL! Life Membership in the Missouri Botanical Garden, for 40 years a special category for some very special Garden friends, will cease to be available as a membership alternative beginning in 1977. Since its establishment in 1936, the Life Membership has given the Garden a small but loyal group of friends who wished to share in the Garden’s progress by contributing generously to its financial support and giving encouraging impetus to its growth. However, recognizing the critical role which gifts play in the Garden’s continued progress, and facing the realities of inflation and its attendant problems, the decision was made to discontinue the Life Membership category. The Garden’s cherished Life Members, of course, will always remain Life Members. They will be honored with a specially designed scroll, inscribed with their names, which will hang in the Members’ Lounge of Henry Shaw's Townhouse (the Administration Building). It is with great pride, pleasure and heartfelt gratitude for their loyal support, that the Missouri Botanical Garden acknowledges its Life Members: LIFE MEMBERS Mr. Lester M. Abbott Mr. & Mrs. Howard F. Baer Mrs. Kenneth C. Baker Mr. & Mrs. Edward L. Bakewell, Jr. Mrs. Charles E. Bascom Miss Nina K. Bernd *Mrs. Marion C. Blossom Mrs. Fred J. Blum Mr. & Mrs. Herman Bowmar Mr. Arthur M. Branch, Jr. Mrs. R. |. Brumbaugh Mrs. Kenneth Carpenter Mrs. Theron E. Catlin Mr. & Mrs. Adolph G. Clodius Mr. & Mrs. Samuel C. Davis Mrs. Charles S. Drew Mr. & Mrs. H. Richard Duhme, Jr. Mr. Leicester Busch Faust Mr. & Mrs. Macquorn R. Forrester *Mr. Dudley French Mr. & Mrs. Stanley J. Goodman Mrs. Mildred Goodwin Mr. James W. Haegen Mrs. Ellis H. Hamel Mr. & Mrs. Whitney R. Harris Mr. & Mrs. John H. Hayward Mr. & Mrs. Beecher R. Henderson Mr. & Mrs. Henry Hitchcock Mr. & Mrs. Adolph M. Hoenny Mrs. Arthur C. Hoskins Mr. & Mrs. Stanley F. Jackes Mrs. John V. Janes, Sr. Mr. & Mrs. H. F. Kalbfleisch Mr. & Mrs. Elmer G. Kiefer Colonel Erwin Koch Mrs. Harold Theodore Lange, Jr. Mrs. John S. Lehmann Mr. & Mrs. David S. Lewis, Jr. Mr. & Mrs. Joseph W. Lewis Miss Martha |. Love Mr. & Mrs. Tex McClintock Mr. Roswell Messing, Jr. Dr. & Mrs. Walter Moore Mrs. Stratford Lee Morton Mr. & Mrs. Fristoe Mullins Mr. & Mrs. Richard T. Nelson Mr. & Mrs. Spencer T. Olin Mr. William Pagenstecher Mrs. Raoul Pantaleoni Mr. & Mrs. Vernon W. Piper Mr. & Mrs. A. T. Primm, III Mr. & Mrs. Duaine Pryor Dr. & Mrs. Peter H. Raven Miss Viola Reynolds Mrs. Howard E. Ridgway Mr. & Mrs. C. Kenneth Robins Mr. & Mrs. F. M. Robinson, Jr. Mrs. Gladney Ross Mr. & Mrs. Louis S. Sachs Mrs. William H. Schield Mr. & Mrs. Daniel L. Schlafly Mrs. Mason Scudder Mr. & Mrs. Donald J. Sher Dr. & Mrs. Allen B. Shopmaker Mr. & Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr. Mrs. Hermann F. Spoehrer Mr. & Mrs. A. M. Stevens *Mrs. Oscar Stroh *Mrs. Owen J. Sullivan Mr. & Mrs. Joseph Sunnen Miss Harriet Tatman Miss Sylvia Walden Mrs. Jacob Wallach Mrs. Horton Watkins Mr. & Mrs. Ben H. Wells Mrs. Ann M. Wendell Mrs. Eugene F. Zimmerman “Deceased The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN is published 12 issues per year monthly by the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. SUBSCRIPTION RATES: $5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign. Mr. Hiromu Fukada, center, Minister of Economic Affairs for the Japanese Embassy in Washington, D.C., is given a motorized tour of the new Japanese Garden development by Dr. Peter H, Raven, right, Garden director, and Carl L. A, Beckers, honorary consul general for Japan in St, Louis, A luncheon in the John S, Lehmann Building followed Mr, Fukada’s inspection tour. irs pgm Gan te a Members of the Louisiana, Mo,, Garden Club, one of a growing number of outstate gardening groups who come to St, Louis to see the Missouri Botanical Garden, tour one of the Garden’s most unique elements — the Scented Garden for the Blind. Mrs. Russell Schulte, center, in Garden smock, a volunteer Guide, leads a group of senior citizens from Columbia, Mo,, on a tour of the Garden, GARDEN VISITORS: From Many Miles Around. . . _ ¥ De adn tabs Dr. Koichi Kawana, holding plans, professor of environ- mental design at UCLA and architect of the Japanese Garden, directs members of a construction crew in positioning boulders for the waterfall at the northeastern end of the lake in the Japanese Garden, Dr, Kawana’s waterfall work was part of a recent two-day visit to the Garden, * Se aes BE The Dobashi Bridge, a traditional oriental span incorpo- rated into the design of the Japanese Garden, is inspected, from left, by Dr. Raven; William Shierholz, president of Chemtech Industries, which donated the bridge to the Garden; and Tom K, Smith Jr., president of the Garden Board of Trustees, The Dobashi (Earth) bridge connects the Japanese Garden’s southern “‘mainland” to Teahouse Island, ANNUAL GIVING PROGRAM TO BE LAUNCHED NEXT MONTH BY DEVELOPMENT OFFICE An Annual Giving Program, distinct from membership dues and designed to strengthen and expand the services provided by the Missouri Botanical Garden, will be launched next month by the Garden’s Development Office. Its purpose will be simply to keep the Garden growing. “We must rely on the continued support of our very devoted and loyal members, who realize the impor- tance of the Garden,” said Mrs. John Brodhead Jr., Development Committee chairman. “For the first time, we are inaugurating an Annual Giving Program, a program beyond the already substantial level of membership contributions, to ensure the life of one of the world’s most important botanical institutions.” “We fervently hope,” she added, “that this year-end appeal will meet with the enthusiastic support of our members and friends.” The Development Office was established in October, 1975, after it was approved during a series of meetings of the Garden’s Board of Trustees. Following the opening of the new office, a Development Committee of the Members Executive Board was formed, with Mrs. Brodhead as chairman. Other members include Mrs. Robert Kittner (assis- tant chairman), Mrs. Richard T. Nelson, Mrs. W. Boardman Jones Jr., Mrs. J. Butler Bushyhead, Mrs. Dwight W. Coultas, Mrs. Frederick O. Hanser, Mrs. Robert D. Bodkin, Mrs. Eugene Pettus Jr. and Mrs. Philip R. Dodge. Also, Mrs. Samuel D. Soule, Mrs. Shadrach F. Morris, Mrs. George K. Hasagawa, Mrs. David Hutson, Mrs. Charles B. Thies, Mrs. C.F.P. Stueck, Mrs. Hugh M.F. Lewis, Mrs. John Donnell, Mrs. Hugh Scott Ill, Mrs. John Harbaugh, Mrs. Richard C. Holton and Mrs. Raymond W. Peters II. Through the spring and summer of 1976, this able committee worked diligently to find better ways of insuring that Garden members are kept informed of both the Garden's activities and its needs. Recently, members have been invited to attend a color slide and tour program, presenting the entire range of activities carried on by the Garden and including a guided tour of the John S. Lehmann Building and the Garden grounds. The next slide-tour program is Dec. 6, 10:30 a.m., in the Lehmann Building. Members interested in the slide-tour program are asked to telephone the Garden’s Development Office. Audrey Senturia, assistant director of development, will be happy to handle arrangements for members’ attendance. Response to this educational program has been gratifying, particularly from those members who have expressed amazement after learning the scope of the 6 Garden's activities, and those who emerged with anew awareness of the Garden’s very pressing needs. The Annual Giving Program is a direct result of efforts to meet those needs, needs the Garden faces in attempting to meet the ever-expanding costs of an inflationary economy. “We feel that the Annual Giving Program can be of dual benefit,” said Mrs. Brodhead. “It gives the Garden the opportunity to solidify its fiscal position during a period of economic difficulty, and it gives Garden friends the opportunity to contribute substantially to the botanical world and to future generations of garden-lovers.” When renewing memberships for 1977, friends of the Garden are asked to consider the mounting problems of Garden maintenance and the importance of their role in the solution to those problems. Membership contributions are: Henry Shaw Associate — $1,000 Directors Associate — $500 Sponsoring — $250 Sustaining — $100 Contributing — $50 Membership — $25 Contributions are tax deductible for income tax purposes in the manner and to the extent provided by law. Contributions should be made payable to the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Ave., St. Louis, Mo., 63110. Membership contributions may be charged to Master Charge accounts. MEMBERS IN MOTION MEMBERS TO ENJOY SOUTHERN EXPOSURE A two-week South American adventure, far from the St. Louis area’s annual winter chill, has been planned by the Garden’s Members Office and scheduled for Feb. 1-15, 1977. Those aboard for the winter holiday will visit Lima, Peru; Rio de Janiero, Brazil; and Caracas, Venezuela. The member's price of $1,288 will include charter flight, deluxe hotels, full American-plan breakfasts and dinners in the finest restaurants. It will also include a tax-deductible gift to the Garden. For further information, those interested have been asked to contact the Members Office at 772- 7600. MEMBERS SCHEDULE STEAMBOAT SUMMER All aboard for a steamboat summer! An historic river excursion, aboard the new sternwheeler ‘Mississippi Queen,’ is being planned for Garden members for the week of June 4-11, 1977. The trip will include visits to New Orleans and other Mississippi River port cities. Details will appear in future editions of the Bulletin. CHEMOSYSTEMATICS IS TOPIC OF 23RD ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM Chemosystematics, the science of following chemical trails to classify and determine the evolutionary histories of plants and animals, can be quite a mouthful to those who know the Missouri Botanical Garden only as a center of floral display. But on the Garden's scientific side, such subjects are routine. In October, for example, chemosystematics was the subject of the Garden’s 23rd Annual Systematics Symposium, an event of great scientific stature which attracted nearly 300 biologists from across the nation, including seven who presented research papers during Symposium sessions. Chemosystematics is a field in which the chemical characteristics of plants or animals are studied for use in the classification and the elucidation of their evolutionary histories. Nearly all chemical compounds produced by organisms can be useful for such studies, from the large macromolecules such as DNA and protein to the small micromolecules such as phenolics and terpenoids. The entire range of these compounds was discussed at the Symposium, made possible in part by funds made available by the National Science Foundation. Symposium sessions, at which scientific papers were presented, were moderated by Dr. John Averett of the University of Missouri-St. Louis, an expert in this field. Dr. Averett, with Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director, is conducting joint chemical studies of selected plants of the evening primrose family. Among those presenting research papers were: Dr. Paul Feeny, of Cornell University, who presented a discussion on “Defensive Ecology of the Family Cruciferae.” Although members of the mustard or cabbage family possess natural insecticides in their chemical composition, many insects have been able to adapt themselves to feed on such plants, Dr. Feeny said. In response, many wild crucifer species have developed an ecological defense, becoming less apparent to enemies by growing in such a way as to form an inconspicuous part of the overall vegetation. Dr. Feeny noted that current agricultural methods tend to reduce the effectiveness of natural plant defenses — when planted in monocultures, crop plants are more ei | ; | ; pes ; During one of the Symposium’s more informal moments, participants enjoy a box lunch near the experimental greenhouse on the grounds of the Missouri Botanical Garden. apparent to natural enemies while at the same time possessing relatively small amounts of chemically- defensive compounds. The more “unapparent” we can make our food crops, through rotation or multiple planting, the less dependent we can become on synthetic pesticides, he said. Dr. Leslie Gottlieb, University of California-Davis, discussed electrophoresis of proteins, one of the newest methods used by plant systematists. Using this method, mutations of genes in plant (and animal) populations can be adduced from changes in protein structure, and this information can be useful in the study of plant evolution. Dr. Mary-Claire King, University of California- Berkeley, the first woman to take part in the Sympos- ium, presented a discussion on molecular evolution, outlining her work on the comparison of amino acid sequences of proteins. Such sequences, she said, can Dr. John Averett, left, of the University of Missouri-St. Louis, served as moderator of the Systematics Sym- posium. Presenting papers during the Sym- posium sessions were, from left, Dr. Paul Feeney, Dr. Mary- Claire King, Dr. B. L. Turner, Dr. Leslie Gottlieb, Dr. Robert Adams, Dr. Thomas Mabry and Dr. David Fairbrothers. serve as evolutionary “clocks” to assist scientists in tracing evolutionary lineages. Dr. Tom J. Mabry, University of Texas-Austin, explained how a knowledge of the chemistry of pigment production has been essential in the un- derstanding of evolution in the order Centrospermae, which includes the cactus and pigweed families. Dr. Robert P. Adams, Colorado State University, discussed the species level by tracing in detail the evolution of a juniper now distributed from the Ozarks to northern Mexico. Dr. David E. Fairbrothers, Rutgers University, reviewed the contributions serotaxony has made to plant classification through the use of immune reactions to proteins, illustrating his discussion with results from his recent laboratory work. Dr. B. L. Turner, University of Texas-Austin, con- cluded the Symposium with a provocative address entitled, “Chemosystematics and Its Effects Upon the Traditionalists.” Dr. Turner illustrated how chemosystematics, when properly employed, can have a profound influence on the solving of problems which are intractable to the more traditional approach of morphological analysis. — Gerrit Davidse Department of Botany Missouri Botanical Garden members and “‘prospective members” were winners together at the prize drawing held during the recent Membership Preview Party for the Fall Flower Show. Taking home the colorful potted mums pictured above were Garden members Rose Radunsky, Charlotte Leu and Douglas Rendelman, as well as non-members Gloria Wallace, Elizabeth Basman and Nan Brichta, CHRYSANTHEMUM BALL RAISES $33,000 FOR BOXWOOD GARDEN The Chrysanthemum Ball — more than two years in the making and ultimately featuring a cast of hundreds — was held on the Garden grounds in September and raised more than $33,000 for the Edgar Anderson Memorial Boxwood Garden. A check for $33,812, total proceeds from the special fund-raising event which brought designer Gloria Vanderbilt and some 700 others to the Garden, was presented to the Garden Board of Trustees by Mrs. Walter G. Stern, chairman of the ball. In appreciation of her most successful efforts, Tom K. Smith Jr., president of the Board of Trustees, presented Mrs. Stern with an engraved silver platter. In a report to the Board, Mrs. Stern acknowledged that much credit for the ball’s success was due to the solicitation of Corporate Sponsors, which brought in $18,000. Future fund-raising events at the Garden will probably employ a festival format, Mrs. Stern said, with a wider appeal to a greater number of Garden members and friends. Mrs, Walter G, Stern, Chrysanthemum Ball chairman, shows to Dr, Peter H. Raven the engraved silver tray given to her in apprecia- tion by the Garden Board of Trustees, GARDEN BEGINS CO-OP PROJECT, PLANT DISCOVERY EXPERIENCE, WITH MAGNET SCHOOL PROGRAM The Missouri Botanical Garden’s participation in the St. Louis Magnet School Program — a cooperative curriculum involving use of both Garden and Shaw Arboretum facilities — has begun with a workshop attended by some 15 teachers and administrators from the Investigative Learning Center of Stix School. Ken Peck, center, head of the Garden’s Education Department, conducts orientation tour for teachers and administrators from the Investigative Learning Center at Stix School, !n charge of much of the Magnet School Program for the Garden and the St. Louis Public Schools are Ken Peck, head of the Garden Education Depart- ment; Lois Cannon, coor- dinator of the Magnet School Program at Stix School; Dr. William M. Klein, Assistant Director of the Garden who is Project Director, and Susan McNamara of the Garden education staff, The cooperative project has been designed to emphasize learning about plant life through discovery and firsthand experience with growing things. The workshop, held recently at the Garden, was under the direction of Dr. William M. Klein, the Garden's assistant director, and Project Director of the cooperative program. The workshop was conducted by Dr. Klein, with the assistance of Ken Peck, head of the Garden’s Education Department; Susan Mc- Namara, instructor in the Education Department; and Lois Cannon, coordinator for the Investigative Lear- ning Center at Stix School. The group also attended a Saturday morning orientation session at the Arboretum, under the direction of Dave Goudy, Arboretum superintendent, assisted by John Doty of the Arboretum staff. Fall, winter and spring experiences are planned for students involved in the full curriculum, which includes regular visits to the Garden and the Arboretum as well as classroom sessions and workshops. Members of the Garden’s Education Department staff will visit Stix School to conduct classroom activities. St. Louis’ Magnet School Program, funded by agrant made under the Emergency School Aid Act (ESAA II), is designed to offer courses aimed at attracting a racially-balanced enrollment to each Magnet School. Bob Powers has been named coordinator and resource teacher for Plant and Animal Ecology study at Stix School's Investigative Learning Center. Major corporations and _ several cultural and educational institutions in the St. Louis area are making resources available to the Magnet School Program, but only the Missouri Botanical Garden has offered a full project of activities both in the classroom and in the “field.” Gardening in St. Louis A SEASON OF GIVING Gardening activities have nearly come to an end for 1976, as we approach the season when we begin to give serious consideration to garden-oriented gifts for friends and relatives. An ideal holiday gift is a membership in the Missouri Botanical Garden, a year-long Christmas present which brings the new member a lengthy list of garden- style benefits as well as the monthly Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin. In addition, a visit to the Garden Gate Shop and the Plant Shop will offer the Christmas shopper a wide assortment of plants, plant accessories, garden- related items and books to fill out that unfinished gift list. KEEPING GREEN GIFTS GREEN Christmas gift plants should receive special atten- tion. Many can be used as table decorations during the daylight hours but should be moved to an area where the temperature is as cool as possible during the night. Following this pattern will ensure that the plants havea longer life. Azaleas should have their pots immersed in water every second or third day, held under water until bubbles cease to rise. They should be drained on a sideboard before returning them to their place. All flowering plants should be given as much light as possible during the day, even going so far as to place them under sources of artificial light for several extra hours. The Poinsettia Show, featured at the Garden throughout December, is an ideal event to attend with friends to view examples of these flowering plants on display. A stroll through the Climatron or other indoor display areas will make a pleasant December after- noon. Poinsettias in the home should receive good light during the day and care should be taken to ensure that they are not overwatered. An occasional feeding of a liquid fertilizer will be beneficial to all flowering plants. TREE TRIMMING December is an excellent month to trim some of the evergreens and holly, removing selected end pieces and longer sections to properly shape the plant. The greens can be used for holiday decorating within the home or to pass on to friends. House plants should be inspected to make sure they are in good condition and show no sign of insects, particularly spider mite. If spider mite should becomea problem, spray with a good miticide immediately and continue at intervals until they are brought under control. Avoid feeding foliage plants or overwatering during the dark days for the next month or two. 10 OUTDOORS Garden hoses should be inspected to make sure that they are thoroughly drained and properly stored for the winter months. Freezing, thawing and the failure to move such items into storage may cause hoses to split open. Mulching can still be applied around many newly set out or already established plants, to prevent the ground from freezing and thawing so rapidly. Last of all, December is a good time to send away for seed catalogs and spend a spare evening or two planning and preparing for garden plantings next spring. — Robert J. Dingwall Chief Horticulturist A BOUQUET TO THE VOLUNTEERS The Missouri Botanical Garden's corps of Volunteers are those hard-working, always-willing-to-help people who perform dozens of glamourless tasks each day to keep things humming behind the Garden wall. Without them, the hum could become a screech. One of the most popular and interesting areas in which the Volunteers work is the Climatron, the enormous tropical greenhouse with its famous domed shape which for many visitors and friends is the symbol of the Missouri Botanical Garden. Because of the more than 1,200 tropical plants housed there, much work is required. Under the guidance of Bill Wagner of the Garden staff, the Volunteers hose and sweep the Climatron walkways to keep them free of debris. They prune plants and trees to keep them of manageable size. They weed and rake the soil to maintain the appearance and even growth, and they even shake many of the tall trees to eliminate dead leaves. Volunteer activities extend also to the adjacent Mediterranean and Desert Houses, which require equally close attention. In addition, Volunteers serve as hosts and hostesses, greeting visitors and explaining the history and types of plants contained in the display houses. Anyone interested in serving the Garden in this unique way, as a horticultural worker or a host/hostess, is asked to contact the Garden’s Volunteer organiza- tion at 772-7600. — Carol Taxman Chairman of Volunteers VOLUNTEERS A group of hardworking volunteers handle the once-a-year mailing of brochures on the Garden’s educational programs. Clockwise from left they are: Mildred House, Margaret House, Henrietta Klickerman, Viola Wagstaff, Olga Klickerman, (standing) Geraldine Wencker, Madeline Hadley, and Vi Taylor, MEMBERSHIP SEPTEMBER 1976 Mr./Mrs. Martin A. Barnholtz Mr. James C. Belshaw ; Mr./Mrs. Hugh R. Bergman Mr./Mrs. Lige B. Brown Mr./Mrs. Robert J. Dau Mr./Mrs. Richard E. Glass Mr./Mrs. Elwood J. Moore Mr./Mrs. Victor E. Ratkowski Mr./Mrs. James C. Schaeffer Miss Irene T. Schulze Mr./Mrs. R. E. Sherrill Mr./Mrs. James Sills Mrs. W. Carroll Stone Mr./Mrs. Barney Wander NEW DIRECTOR'S ASSOCIATE MEMBERSHIP OCTOBER 1976 Mr. Roy L. Tarter NEW SUSTAINING MEMBERSHIPS Ms. Velma R. Boyer Dr./Mrs. A. H. Stein, Jr. NEW CONTRIBUTING MEMBERSHIPS Dr./Mrs. George Anstey Grace K. Dade Mr./Mrs. James C. Fulkerson Ms. Jo S. Hanson Mr./Mrs. Thomas D. Rodman Dr. James C. Vest NEW MEMBERSHIPS Mrs. Bruce B. Adaire Mr./Mrs. Frank Adam Mr./Mrs. Charles W. Anderson Mr./Mrs. Hugh M. Anderson Mrs. Sally Arias Mrs. Harris Armstrong Dr./Mrs. John P. Arnot Dr./Mrs. Vatche H. Ayvazian Mr./Mrs. Charles M. Babington III Ms. Elizabeth R. Bader Dr./Mrs. Walter F. Ballinger Mr. Christopher Bauer Mr./Mrs. Jon J. Benedicktus Mr./Mrs. Calvin Bennett Mrs. Edna Bernhardt Mr./Mrs. Lester Best Miss Marguerite Bick Mr./Mrs. Robert M. Bird Dr. Harold E. Bizer Ms. Nancy E. Blankmann Mr./Mrs. Raymond Boehm Miss S. L. Boggs Mr. Kyrle Boldt, Jr. Mrs. Carol A. Boshart Ms. Elizabeth W. Boulton Mr./Mrs. Robt. E. Bouma Mr./Mrs. Jack Bradley Mr./Mrs. A. L. Braun Mr./Mrs. Thomas C. Bredahl Mr./Mrs. Claude F. Brice, Jr. Ms. Bev Brickey Mr./Mrs. Thomas W. Brockland Mr./Mrs. J. Brooks Mrs. Joyce M. Broughton Miss Linda L. Brown Dr./Mrs. Seymour Brown Mr./Mrs. Charles E. Buettner Mr./Mrs. Johnny Bullock, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Bob Bushong Mr./Mrs. John B. Carothers, III Dr./Mrs. James Carpenter Mr./Mrs. John Carrington, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Samuel E. Chatman Mrs. Stephen E. Chamberlin Miss Sara L. Christman Ms. Suzanne Christopher Miss Patricia Clay Mrs. Jess W. Cole Miss Bonita G. Coleman Miss Eleanor C. Coulter Mr. David C. Crafts Miss Karen E. Cronquist Mr. John C. K. Curtis Ms. Phyllis M. Daniel Mr./Mrs. Edmund H. Daves Mr./Mrs. Scott Dekins Mr./Mrs. Joseph Desloge, Jr. Ms. Alberta B. Dickman Mr./Mrs. Victor H. Diestel Miss Ann C. Dintelmann Mr./Mrs. Leonard Doll Mr./Mrs. W. W. Downing Mr. Wendell Duncan Mr. John E. Dwyer Mr./Mrs. William M. Eddy Mrs. Vernell D. Ehrhardt Mr./Mrs. Jim J. Ellis Mr./Mrs. Ken Eulberg Ms. Shirley J. Fenwick Ferguson Junior High School Mr./Mrs. Jeffrey Forster Mrs. Ray Foster Mr./Mrs. Michael M. Frank Mr. Victor A. Frankel Mr./Mrs. Robt. H. Frasier Mr./Mrs. Edward C. Games, Jr. Mr. David Gietl Miss Marianne Gillis Mr./Mrs. R. B. Gilmore Mr./Mrs. John H. Goffstein Dr./Mrs. Samuel W. Gollub Mr./Mrs. Donald J. Gove Mr./Mrs. Edward W. Grace Mr./Mrs. Owen D. Gray Mr./Mrs. Ronald K. Greenberg Mrs. Lessie M. Gregory Mr./Mrs. A. J. Gregowicz Dr./Mrs. Donald E. Grogan Mr./Mrs. Albert P. Gronemeyer Mr./Mrs. Dean Gruchalla Mr./Mrs. M. J. Grzeskowski Mr./Mrs. Russell G. Guese Mr./Mrs. Michael G. Gunn Dr./Mrs. Benjamin L. Guzdial Mrs. Prim A. Hackmann Mrs. D. Pierce Haller Ms. Melanie Harvey Mrs. H. G. Hedgcock Mr./Mrs. James M. Henderson Drs. Peter and Ceil Herman Mr./Mrs. Jack Heutel Mrs. Billie Hirsch Mr./Ms. Wells A. Hobler Mr./Mrs. Norman Holsinger Mr. Glenn Hosokawa Mr. Charles G. Houghton, Jr. Dr./Mrs. W. Y. Howell Mr./Mrs. Ralph T. Hull Mr./Mrs. Robt. J. Human Mr./Mrs. Wallace Hunicke Ms. Gail G. Isinghausen Mr. Otis A. Jackson Mrs. Lee B. Johns Jardin DuLac Garden Club Mr./Mrs. A. W. Johnson Mr./Mrs. Lenier Johnson, Sr. Mr./Mrs. E. F. Jordan Mr./Mrs. John A. Jurgiel Mr./Mrs. Ronald Kahney Mr./Mrs. John A. Kaminski Mr./Mrs. Sidney Kasper Mr. Edwin H. Kastner Mr./Mrs. C. Norman Keck Miss Barbara Ann Keefe Mr./Mrs. James Key Ms. A. Donna King Mr./Mrs. George M. Kish Miss Catherine R. Koch Mr./Mrs. Sylvester E. Koebel, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Herman H. Koppelmann Mr./Mrs. Torkel Korling Miss Carol Kramer Mr. Nuncio T. Lamartina Mr./Mrs. Roy T. Langenberg Mrs. Brenda Langner Mr./Mrs. Ralph E. Lee Mrs. Hubertina Lloyd Mr./Mrs. Darrel Long Mrs. Karol L. Lucas Mr. Tommie M. Luckett Mr./Mrs. John H. Lysell Mr./Mrs. Barton MacDonald Miss Jacqueline MacMillan Jane S. Macrae Mrs. William Marbury Dr./Mrs. Peter K. Matsuoka Mr./Mrs. J. Harold Matthew Mr./Mrs. Frederic G. Maurer, III Mr./Mrs. Francis E. McBride Mrs. E. G. McLagan Mr./Mrs. Thomas J. McReynolds Mr./Mrs. Herbert R. Meckfessel Mr./Mrs. Dave Meeker Mr./Mrs. James W. Meeks Mrs. Eva L. Meier Mr./Mrs. Henry W. Meier Mr./Mrs. Robt. C. Meyers Mr./Mrs. James J. Michael Mr./Mrs. H. C. Milford Mr./Mrs. Barney Miller Mr./Mrs. Rol Miller Mr./Mrs. Wm. T. Mitchell Mr./Mrs. Louis G. Monnig Mr./Mrs. Robt. C. Morgan Mrs. Nora Morrison Miss Kristina Moslanka Mrs. Helen Moxley Mr./Mrs. Francis W. Mueller Mr./Mrs. Harry A. Naeter Mr./Mrs. James Niemann Ms. Jane O’Donnell Dr./Mrs. Ted T. Okamoto A. E. and L. E. Olson Dr./Mrs. Dennis C. Owsley Mr./Mrs. Robt. D. Palmer Mr./Mrs. Lodell N. Parks, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Frederick G. Peil Dr./Mrs. Geo. H. Perrine Mr./Mrs. Mark S. Petzel Mr./Mrs. Courtney G. Pitkin, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Alfred L. Poertner Mr./Mrs. F. L. Pratt, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Michael A. Raniclio Mr./Mrs. Brent Rasch Mr./Mrs. Clarence E. Rau Ms. K. J. Reuther Mr./Mrs. T. J. Rheinberger Dorothy E. and Frank S. Rice Ms. Erleen Richeson Member of The Arts and Education Fund of Greater St.Louis 11 Mr./Mrs. Hebert R. Richter Mrs. John S. Riley Mr./Mrs. Robert Roe Ms. Dorothy Resenbaum Miss Virginia Rosenmeyer Mr./Mrs. Richard S. Rosenthal Miss Elizabeth Ruck Mrs. Florence E. Sanders Mr./Mrs. G. K. Sandweg, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Warren R. Sauer Mrs. Barbara L. Savalick Mr./Mrs. Earl E. Scherf Mr. Daniel R. Schettler Mrs. Gunter Schmidt Mr./Mrs. Richard P. Schmidt Mr./Mrs. Alfred P. Schmiz, Jr. Miss Rebecca Schneider Mrs. Emma H. Schoen Mr./Mrs. Ray Scholin Miss Gertrude Schrader Mr./Mrs. Paul H. Schramm Mr./Mrs. Ralph C. Schuette Mr./Mrs. Harry T. Schukar Dr./Mrs. Alfred S. Schwarts Mr./Ms. Steven P. Sedor Mr./Mrs. Arthur V. Sedrick Mr./Mrs. Bryan J. Sevey Mrs. Ritsuko Shoji Rabbi Mark L. Shook Mr./Mrs. Alton E. Shumate Mr./Mrs. Rolland A. Sipes Mrs. David W. Skinner Mr./Mrs. Robert B. Smith Mr./Mrs. Spencer Sorenson Mr./Mrs. Richard Spiering Mr. D. Alistair Stahlhut Ms. Marthar Stark Mrs. Marie M. Steffan Mr./Mrs. Warren H. Steffens Mr./Mrs. Kenneth Stevens Miss Shirley Stoecker Mr./Mrs. Richard V. Strader Mr./Mrs. L. E. Struckmeyer Mr./Mrs. Malcolm B. Sturgis Mrs. Ernest R. Swanson Mr./Mrs. Donald |. Tepas Mr./Mrs. Daniel A. Terpstra Mrs. Judith F. Till Mr./Mrs. William Trupiano Mrs. D. Reva Turner Ms. Helen A. Tysseling Dr. L. Scott Ulin Dr./Mrs. Ted Vargas Mr./Mrs. Angelo S. Vassallo Mr./Mrs. Charles Vogt Mr./Mrs. F. A. Waelterman Mr./Mrs. Edward Wagner Mr./Mrs. Dennis Walker Mr./Mrs. Douglas A. Walker Mrs. Beatrice Wallace Mrs. James B. Ware Cindy Warhol and Gary Ridgeway Mr./Mrs. William E. Watkins Mr./Mrs. R. F. Webber Dr./Mrs. Robert Weinhaus Mr./Mrs. Donald J. Wheeler Mr./Mrs. Gordon R. White Mrs. Toby White Mr./Mrs. Kenneth J. Wideman Mr./Mrs. Robert W. Wilson Mr./Mrs. Melvin E. Witt Mr./Mrs. Mark W. Wozmak Dr./Mrs. A. M. Yazdi Mr./Mrs. G. E. Younger INCREASE IN MEMBERSHIP CONTRIBUTIONS OCTOBER 1976 SUSTAINING Mr./Mrs. Sanford N. McDonnell CONTRIBUTING Mr. Robert A. Bradley Mr./Mrs. H. King Carter Mr. Alan E. Doede Mr./Mrs. W. Stix Friedman Mr./Mrs. Arthur C. Haack Mrs. Karl Hoffmann Mueth Lumber & Plywood Co. Mrs. Christa E. Rariden OCTOBER 1976 TRIBUTES In Honor of Mrs. |. F. Fausek, Jr.'s. Birthday Judy and Jerry Rubenstein in Honor of Florence M. Ross’ Birthday Mrs. Ernest D. Loewenwarter In Honor of Mr. Joseph Ruwitch’s Birthday Mr./Mrs. Lester Ackerman, Jr. Dr./Mrs. Harry Agress Howard and Isabel Baer Mr./Mrs. Leon Bodenheimer Eunice Cohn Ilma R. Glaser Arthur and Helen Scharff Mrs. William H. Schield Leonard and Jenny Strauss Bede and Frank Wolff Mr./Mrs. Heiman Willer In Memory of Elizabeth Canine Jack and Mary Agnes Zeltmann In Memory of Mr. H. Towner Deane Charles Deane Theoline Francis Margaret J. Harrison In Memory of John Dowell Mr./Mrs. G. C. Bradshaw In Memory of Ida F. Feinstein Ilse and Erna Arndt In Memory of Mrs. Judith F. Foster Mr. Edwin R. Waldemer In Memory of Mr. Dudley French Mr./Mrs. Newell Augur Mrs. W. H. Bixby Mr./Mrs. John Brodhead, Jr. Adelaide Cherbonnier Mr. E. G. Cherbonnier J. Dudley Clark, Jr. Mrs. Edward M. Crane, Jr. Mr./Mrs. James E. Crawford Mr./Mrs. Sam’! C. Davis Mrs. Kenneth Drummond Mrs. Claude Garesche Graham Paper Company, Officers & Directors Mr./Mrs. John H. Hayward Eleanor and Harry Hitchcock Mrs. Wilbur B. Jones Miss Corinne P. Knapp Mrs. Melba Lacy Mr./Mrs. Joseph Lewis Miss Phyllis McPheeters Mrs. Samuel B. McPheeters Peg and John Mechem Mr. Paul S. Miller Mrs. Seymour Morris Mr./Mrs. Robert Moser Mr./Mrs. William A. Moser Mrs. Hiram Norcross Mrs. John J. O'Fallon, Sr. Mr./Mrs. W. R. Orthwein, Jr. Mr. William Pagenstecher Paul Stafford Associates Phyllis R. Peabody Miss Patricia Perjak Mrs. William H. Petring Mr./Mrs. A. F. Primm Mrs. Hobert Romig Mrs. A. Wessel Shapleigh Mrs. Ethan A. H. Shepley Miss Cornelia Otis Skinner Mr./Mrs. Robert B. Smith Mrs. Lloyd C. Stark Mary L. Tebbetts MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 2345 Tower Grove Avenue Saint Louis, Missouri 63110 Charles and Florence Terry Eugene C. Tittmann Mr./Mrs. Tullius C. Tupper Mrs. C. Gatch Upthegrove Mr./Mrs. C. Powell Whitehead In Memory of Julie Hindmarsh’s Grandmother Darlene G. Thornhill In Memory of Nell C. Horner Catharine Lieneman In Memory of Sylvia and Jason Kawin Mrs. Charles D. Cohen Mr./Mrs. Jerome S. Michelson In Memory of Mr. Harry Kearley Dr. Armand D. Fries In Memory of Mr. Edgar J. Kulla Mr./Mrs. William L. Redmond In Memory of Stafford L. Lambert Katherine Bur In Memory of Mr. Matthew S. McCauley Bess J. Corn Gordon M. Thomson In Memory of Dr. D. K. Rose Mr. E. G. Cherbonnier In Memory of Charles A. Severin Mrs. Katherine W. Kruse In Memory of Mrs. G. Carroll Stribling Mr./Mrs. R. Walston Chubb Mr./Mrs. Theodore P. Desloge Mr./Mrs. Henry Hitchcock D. R. and Ann Q. Niederlander Mary B. Robertson Rowena Clark Garden Club Mr./Mrs. J. Sheppard Smith in Memory of Lawrence A. Palkes Mr./Mrs. Charles E. Gitto, Sr. SECOND-CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT ST. LOUIS, MO. Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin A Report from Saudi Arabia “The Climatron Seemed Light Years Away..." | stood by the fire in the desert, gazing incredu- lously at the scene before me, and the Climatron sud- denly seemed light years away. As a non-Muslim, | had no part in the colorful drama taking place before my eyes. A few hundred feet from where | stood, 25 Muslims were lined in single file, facing Mecca and the dying sun. Our host, the Emir, Khalid Al-Sorairi, stood in front of the line and led the evening prayer. After the men had made their last salaam into the soft sand, now pink with the sun’s last rays, they quietly dispersed to await the evening meal. About me were some 50 one-hump black camels, loafing in the treeless desert, their soft eyes reflecting satisfac- tion at having had their fill from huge water troughs, filled from vans the size of milk trucks. The streets of St. Louis, the pathways of the Mis- sour! Botanical Garden, would be scenes from an- other world. It was mid-July and the desert of Saudi Arabia had been my home for several weeks. My companions, three scientists and six helpers, were from the Univer- sity of Riyad, which had invited me on the field trip. We were collecting flowering plants throughout Saudi (Continued on Page 6) Dr. John Dwyer, right, of the Garden's Depart- ment of Botany, shares a desert meal, from /eft, with a technician; Prince Khalid Al-Sodairi of Nejran; Prof. Abdul- lah El-Sheikh of Saudi Arabia; and Mohamed Sabry El-Sayed Awad of Egypt. Dr. Dwyer, inset above, spent sev- eral weeks studying flora in the Saudi Arabian desert. Volume LXV Number 1 January 1977 A JANUARY PROGRESS REPORT: JAPANESE GARDEN TAKES SHAPE Recent progress on the construction of the Japa- nese Garden, moving toward a public opening next spring, has included the near-completion of the gar- den’s waterworks — its lake and its waterfalls. The four-acre lake, central to the landscape of the $1.2 million development, has been given its most necessary element: water. And construction of the garden's two waterfalls is reaching the final stages. During his latest visit to the Missouri Botanical Garden, Koichi Kawana, professor of environmental _ if te 4. eae ‘ . ba 4 och aan y, ? Oh: ‘ ne AP OS ee GOP! Maree ee Plans for the new Japanese Garden, a $1.2 million development sched- uled to be completed next spring, are studied, clockwise from left, by David Binks of the Garden staff; Karl Pettit 1/1, architect; and Prof. Koichi Kawana, designer of the Japanese Garden. design at UCLA and architect for the Japanese Gar- den, supervised the placing of the final stones and boulders for the waterfalls, preparatory to the filling of the lake. At that time lines were attached to a second pump station and arrangements for the second waterfall were completed by Professor Kawana. The precise placement of the multi-ton boulders allows for waterfalls of contrasting style, each de- signed to evoke different feelings, Professor Kawana has explained. The three-step waterfall at the northeast edge of the lake is intended, in the highly refined aesthetic language of the Japanese garden as an art form, to evoke feelings of tranquility or delight. By contrast, the long uninterrupted-sheet falls to be developed on the northwest edge provides a more formal element, a dynamic force inviting respect and humility. The garni green boulders — some weighing five tons — with a somber but suggestive tonality favored in Japanese gardens, will shape a recirculating flow of water pumped back uphill by the totally submerged pump stations. Bonsai pines and other plantings will fringe the falls to conceal alternate stretches of cascading water from all vantage points. Each half-hidden view thus creates a provocative allure or mystique highly prized in Japanese landscaping, according to Professor Ka- wana. “The waterfall in a Japanese garden presents one of the many moods or forms of water corresponding and interacting with various human moods and feelings. The dynamic motion of falling water contrasts with the placid reflective quality of the motionless water in the lake,” Professor Kawana has noted. The style of the Japanese Garden being developed at the Missouri Botanical Garden is intended to relate to all of the senses of those who stroll through it, so that the differing sounds of the waterfalls will add a crucial and enriching aural dimension to the total Garden experience. Professor Kawana, assisted by Garden staff mem- bers, has also readied Teahouse Island and other focal areas for planting. Two large trucks have deliv- ered cargos of plants, with two more to come. Plantings include trees and shrubs, a variety of pines, including black pines, Austrian pines, mugho pine and Cryptomeria, known as the Japanese cedar. Shrubs include euonymus, quince and azaleas. The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN is pub- lished 12 issues per year monthly by the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. $5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign. $70,000 GRANT RECEIVED FROM STATE ARTS COUNCIL The Missouri Botanical Garden has received a $70,000 grant from the Missouri Arts Council, with $20,000 earmarked for programs and $50,000 in revenue sharing funds for capital improvements in the new Japanese Garden. The grant is for the fiscal year ending June 30,1977. The $50,000 grant covers construction and installa- tion in the Japanese Garden. The program grant of $20,000, for professional services and educational programs, is applicable to the design, installation and interpretation of the Japanese Garden; the English Woodland Garden, dedicated in May, 1976; and the Edgar Anderson Memorial Boxwood Garden, project- ed to begin in 1977. The Japanese Garden, under construction, will be dedicated on May 5, 1977. With the help of this funding, the Missouri Botani- cal Garden is making available to the public, through information programs and tours, the artistic features of gardening and landscaping embodied in unique ways in the Japanese Garden, the English Woodland Garden, and the projected Boxwood Garden. In its many other elements — the Anne Lehmann Rose Gar- den, the North Rose Garden, the Scented Garden for the Blind, the floral display shows, and other unusual features — the Missouri Botanical Garden has raised the quality of gardening and landscaping awareness to the level of a permanent art form. The purpose of the Missouri Arts Council is to fos- ter the growth, development and appreciation of the arts in Missouri. It does this by providing financial and technical assistance to organizations for arts pro- grams that serve the people of the state. Missouri is a strong leader in the swelling national ranks of attendance and participation in arts pro- grams. According to official estimates the total at- tendance in arts programs assisted by the Missouri Arts Council for fiscal year 1976, throughout the 20 regional districts of the state, will be more than 4,335,000 persons, or one-half million more persons than attended professional football and _ baseball games in the state last year. The Missouri Botanical Garden can claim to have served more than 300,000 of those persons, as well as some 40,000 adults and children who take part in the Garden's continuing educational and garden aware- ness programs. EASTWARD HO! TOUR OF JAPAN PLANNED FOR GARDEN MEMBERS A three-week tour of Japan, including visits to the ancient capital of Kyoto and St. Louis’ sister-city of Suwa, has been arranged for Missouri Botanical Gar- den members and scheduled for Oct. 2-22, 1977. Conductor of the tour will be John Elsley, Curator of Hardy Plants at the Garden, with travel arrange- ments coordinated through the St. Louis chapter of the Japanese American Citizens League and the Japan Travel Bureau. Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director, and Mrs, Raven will accompany the tour group. The tour itinerary will concentrate on Japan’s cen- tral regions and will include a five-day visit to Kyoto, ancient capital and cultural center of Japan. Kyoto is the site of many of Japan’s finest traditional and his- toric gardens. Other cities included in the tour schedule are Nagano City, capital of the Nagano Prefecture, Mis- souri’s sister-state which gave the Teahouse for the new Japanese Garden; St. Louis’ sister-city, Suwa, sit- uated in the magnificent Japanese Alps; historic Nara; and Takamatsu, reached by a boat trip through the Inland Sea. At Nikko, tour members will visit an Alpine bo- tanic garden and view the spectacular native wood- lands around neighboring Lake Chujenji. The annual Osaka Chrysanthemum Show is on the tour schedule, as well as the unique Bonsai Village of Omiya, located near Tokyo. A visit to one of the famous bonsai nurseries is planned. The group will visit Tokyo for several days, both at the start and end of the tour. Throughout Japan, travel will be either by rail or private motorcoach. In addition to our Missouri Bo- tanical Garden tour leaders, an official Japanese guide and an interpreter will accompany the visitors full time. Various local experts will join the tour as needed. At the time the Bulletin went to press it is esti- mated that the full cost of the trip, including a $250 tax-deductible contribution to the Missouri Botanical Garden, will be approximately $2,000. Further de- tails and information regarding the Japanese Tour can be obtained from the Membership Office at the Gar- den, 772-7600. An illustrated lecture on Japan with special empha- sis on the places to be visited will be presented by John Elsley on Wednesday, Jan. 26, at 10:30 a.m. and 7:30 p.m. in the auditorium of the John S. Leh- mann Building. All Members are invited to attend. ANSWER MAN ON WINTER LEAVE The Missouri Botanical Garden’s Answer Man Service, cancelled for the remaining winter months, will be reinstated sometime in early March. In the meantime, plant questions can be referred to Answer Man Paul Kohl by telephoning the Garden, 772-7600, extension 13, between 9 a.m. and noon, Monday through Friday. Garden To Be Site of Special Architect Sunday On Jan. 9, the American Institute of Architects will begin its eighth year of ‘Architect Sundays” with a visit to the Missouri Botanical Garden, a day-long event featuring tours of the Garden’s architecturally interesting buildings. From 2 to 5p.m., informational tours will be given by representatives of several architectural firms, in- cluding Murphy, Downey, Wofford and Richman (the Climatron); and Eugene J. Mackey & Associates and Hellmuth, Obata & Kassabaum (the John S. Lehmann Building). At 3 p.m., an illustrated presentation, entitled “The Garden for Spring,”” will be given in the Leh- mann Building by Robert J. Dingwall, chief horticul- turist. In addition, visitors will be able to view the Poinsettia Show in the Floral Display House, and shop in the Plant Shop and Garden Gate Shop. The day’s events are free to the public, included in the Garden's usual gate admission price. Guide Program Filled Twenty-five volunteers have filled the registration rolls for the new Guides’ training course, scheduled to begin Jan. 4 and to continue each Tuesday morning for eight weeks. Guide trainees will attend the weekly sessions from 9:30 a.m. until noon, where members of the Garden’s professional staff will provide training in Garden his- tory and background and the information necessary to enable the Guides to conduct tour programs for visitors. The training will include preparation to conduct general tours or individual tours of the Climatron and other display houses, the English Woodland Garden, the Rose Gardens, the Scented Garden for the Blind, the Herbarium, the Missouri Tree Walk and the new aesthetic experience to be found in the Japanese Gar- den. Some 50 guides currently conduct daily tours, Monday through Saturday. Each guide contributes an average of one day each week, conducting two tours of the Garden grounds. Peak tour times are usually in the fall or late spring, but school classes, horticulture students, gar- den clubs and senior citizens groups provide steady, year-round activity for the Guides. 4 VOLUNTEERS CHICAGO-BOUND A special Chicago excursion for Missouri Botanical Garden Volunteers, highlighted by visits to the annual Chicago Flower Show and other cultural sites, has been arranged for March 30 and 31, 1977. The Chicago Flower Show, a special area-wide hor- ticultural event, will be held at McCormick Place dur- ing the last week in March. In order to take advantage of this special display, sponsored by the Chicago Hor- ticultural Society, a bus has been chartered. The first 40 Volunteers to reserve a seat will have an opportu- nity to visit the show and enjoy a fun-filled two days in Chicago. Tour horticultural guide will be Bob Dingwall, Chief Horticulturist for the Missouri Botanical Gar- den. The group will stay at the McCormick Inn, across the street from the Flower Show. Also included in the trip is a visit to the Chicago Art Institute, which houses one of the finest art col- lections in the country. The Flower Show will combine profusions of flow- ers — fountains of color to drive out the winter dol- drums and usher in a vibrant spring — rose gardens, idea gardens, orchids and tropical displays, flower ar- rangements, and garden ideas. Entries are from horticultural schools, garden clubs and botanical organizations. Commercial categories are also included in the show — the Garden Market, which sells live plant material, seeds and bulbs; the Flower Market, an out- let for cut flowers and materials directly related to cut flowers; and a special Home and Yard Improve- ment Center. The Merchandisers Mall is a section for exhibitors offering giftware items, pottery and crafts. More information concerning the trip or the Gar- den’s volunteer program may be obtained by calling the education department, 772-7600. — Carol Taxman Chairman of Volunteers FROM SHAW HOUSE TO DOLL HOUSE Authentic Victorian dolls, the playtime trea- sures of children a century ago, will be on dis- play at Tower Grove House during the month of February. Approximately a dozen dolls, all belonging to a local collector, will be included in the exhibit. The dolls represent a variety of sizes and are garbed in various costumes of the day — a period extending from the 1840s to the 1890s. The Victorian dolls have never before been displayed for the public. Planting the Seeds of Ecological Awareness To help them develop an awareness and appreciation of their environ- ment, students regularly visit the Garden for first-hand experiences with plants. Here, two groups of recent visitors — students from Cote Bril- liante School and those enrolled in St. Louis’ Magnet School Program — build terrariums and try their hands at plant propagation. REPORT FROM SAUDI ARABIA (Continued from Page 1) Arabia and studying the vegetation of this vast king- dom, which lies east of Africa, a wedge between the Red Sea and the Arabian Gulf. Its population of about seven million people is spread over an area as large as the United States east of the Mississippi River. Many of the plants we collected were destined for the Herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, a treasury of dried plants from every niche of the world gathered without regard to politics or religion. It is the politics of oil that brings most of the foreign visitors to Saudi Arabia, businessmen and en- trepreneurs anxious to share in the great wealth gen- erated by the oil economy. Americans enjoy favored status, because the Saudis are ever mindful of our assistance in getting the oil above ground or up from the depths of the Arabian Gulf. Our objective was plants, however, not oil. Our main question was whether the vast sea of sand, which makes up so much of Saudi Arabia, supports much vegetation, and what kind. The number of species of flowering plants in the entire country is about 1,100, the total equal to about one-half the number of species in the state of Missouri. Despite the lack of variety, the rains, we were told, often turn the desert into a green carpet. Unfortunately, our trip took place during the dry sea- son. Saudi Arabia’s millions of camels, sheep and goats for the most part feed on vegetation in the wild or on plants, like alfalfa, grown in irrigated areas. The rains amount to only a few inches per year, although in the Hejaz Mountains, paralleling the Red Sea, annual rain- fall may amount to 20 inches. The rigors of soil and climate are severe even in the mountains, and only the hardiest species have run the gauntlet of time and evolution. Fewer than 50 species of native trees exist in the country, with acacia trees dominant. The date palm, the only species of palm in the kingdom, reigns su- preme both on the tables of the Saudis, and on their coats-of-arms. Grasses, composites, legumes, and mus- tards are common, but there is probably only one species of orchid. Ferns are rare and mosses even more so. Flowers tend to be small, with whites and yellows predominating. Beauty in this desert vastness is not basically color, but form. To suddenly come upon a graceful succu- lent aloe with a spire of flowers, or a dainty compos- ite seamed in a rocky background, is an exciting ad- venture. The vegetation is mostly low-growing — the often stunted, gnarled, and spiny stems giving little evidence of the elongate root systems reaching deep for a few dregs of water. During our seven-week stay, we crossed vast stretches of sand so hot that shoes gave way to san- dals. To expect water to surface seemed out of the question. And yet, suddenly, a green sword of date palms would cut across the sand, signalling fresh water. An adobe farm house would appear, the laugh- ter of children could be heard. Or the stillness of the desert would be broken by the hum of a water pump, set in an emerald-green, purple-splotched patch of al- falfa, nestled among date palms and tamarisk trees. Water holes, brimming craters in the sand, would appear from nowhere. As we crossed the wadis, sere The black camels of Saudi Arabia share the desert landscape with Dr, Dwyer, left, and Prof. Abdullah El- Sheikh, in the dry season, the tires of our vehicles would grind into the sand, a sure sign water was a foot or so beneath the the bone-dry sand. Saudi Arabia may be inhospitable to plant life, but our own visit there was marked by courtesy and hos- pitality everywhere. The emirs and princes supplied our living quarters in well-kept hostels and also pro- vided our meals. On that night by the desert campfire, we watched as the Emir’s servants (some armed with rifles and sheathed knives) spread out four large Persian carpets on the sand for the evening meal. To combat the blackness of the night, a pickup carrying a modern portable generator raced across the desert to us and — voila! — electric lights were strung out over the car- pets, competition for the bright Arabian moon and Stars. Forty men sat along the periphery of the carpets, with the scientists as guests of honor and seated next to the Emir, a charming host. From another truck servants brought huge platters of rice, each mounted with a roasted lamb, and side dishes of luscious fruits and vegetables. For a nightcap we drank from acom- mon bowl of fresh camel's milk, a frothy, cream-like liquid (alcoholic drinks are taboo in Saudi Arabia). Our desert picnic was near Nejran, a town close to the Red Sea and the country of Yemen. When we were not the guests of local emirs or princes our small band would pitch our sleeping bags on the desert floor, after a meal, usually of rice, meat Dr. Dwyer shares a com- mon bowl of camel’s milk and a plate of dates with Prince Khalid Al-Sodairi. and/or tuna, and bread. We drank enormous amounts of hot tea, even in the middle of the day when the temperature reached 130°, but no ill effects from the food occurred in the seven weeks of field work. Saudi Arabia is, however, not a land for tourists, unless the Muslims who journey from the ends of the earth to Mecca, to make the holy pilgrimage, are con- sidered tourists. And yet the country offers the for- eign visitor much to see and think about. | saw no great gardens in Saudi Arabia, although we surmised there may be some behind the walls of the royal villas. Walled-in miniature gardens were common in the new homes of the middle class. The lack of spectacular gardens is perhaps, for the mo- ment, a good thing. So much building and construc- tion is taking place in this oil-endowed country that extensive gardens can be expected only when the dust of progress settles. Perhaps the most striking feature about this hospi- table country is the fervor of the people for the Is- lamic religion, exemplified by the leader of our field trip, Professor Abdullah El-Sheikh of the University of Riyad, and the two skilled Egyptian scientists with us, M. Sabry El Sayed Awad and Abdullal El! Fattah Nassar, who is on assignment to the University. Their deep devotion, in fact, was a reassuring qual- ity to a lone American botanist, deep in the desert on his first trip to Saudi Arabia. — John Dwyer Department of Botany Israeli Scientist in Moss Study Here Dr. Ilana Herrnstadt, a research associate of the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, is working in the Missouri Botanical Garden’s Botany Department on a “‘Moss Flora of Israel’’ project, a cooperative program supported by members’ contributions. This scientific interchange, between the State of Israel and the Missouri Botanical Garden in the specif- ic area of a moss flora, is the outcome of a visit to Israel by Dr. Peter Raven, who was a guest of the Life- Science Institute of the Hebrew University for a month in 1975. At the suggestion of Dr. Raven, Professor Clara Heyn, head of the Systematics Division, Department of Botany of Hebrew University, became very enthusi- astic about a proposed scientific project to study the mosses of Israel. She was able to obtain a commitment of Israeli funds toward the realization of this goal. Until this project, the only active worker on the mosses of Israel has been a retired pharmacist whose hobby is mosses. There is no modern published moss flora of Israel. Dr. Heyn assigned the study to Dr. Herrnstadt, who had recently completed her doctoral degree with Dr. Heyn. Dr. Herrnstadt arrived in September and is working with Dr. Marshall Crosby, Chairman of the Garden's Department of Botany and an internationally respect- ed expert on the subject of mosses. One of the exciting developments of such a project as this is that it increases academic communication between St. Louis institutions and the Hebrew Uni- versity in Jerusalem. It also strengthens the Garden’s program in systematics and the evolution of mosses, and will provide a trained worker in a field of science presently unrepresented in Israel. The result of the project will be the publication of an important scien- tific study on a major group of plants in the Middle East. Dr. Raven has pointed out, “There are some 20,000 species of mosses worldwide and, although they are relatively inconspicuous, they are significant ecologically, as in breaking down rocks, building soils, and the like. “‘Mosses are often sensitive indicators of different soil types, and it would be very valuable to have a scientist trained in the study of mosses in Israel, to complete an inventory of the nearly 200 species of mosses which occur there, for their identification is a matter for specialists.” Mosses are structurally simple plants, but they have adapted to many environments, including very dry ones. In the Middle East, the rainy season occurs dur- ing a 3-4 month period, between November and Feb- ruary. It is dry for the rest of the year. Only about 5-150 mm of rain falls annually in the Israeli desert. Mosses, however, exist there. Dr. Ilana Herrnstadt Some occupy small, moist enclaves in the other- wise desiccated desert. Others grow during the short rainy season and survive the drought conditions that prevail the rest of the year by various means. Some become dormant, while others are ephemeral, sur- viving the drought in the form of spores rather than as leafy plants. Anatomical adaptations, like reduction in leaf size and increase in number and size of papilae on the leaf surfaces, are common among these desert mosses. Dr. Herrnstadt was born in Israel of parents who immigrated to what was then Palestine in 1933 from Breslau, Germany. She lived all her life in Haifa, a port city, until she went to Jerusalem to study at the Hebrew University. There she received a Master's Degree and Ph.D. in biosystematics and taxonomy. She is now a research associate of the Hebrew Univer- sity, Department of Botany. ORIENTATION PROGRAM TO REACH ALL MEMBERS During the next four years, under a program sched- ule organized by the Development Committee of the Women’s Executive Board, every member of the Mis- souri Botanical Garden will be invited to attend a special orientation program on the Garden and its activities. The Committee, headed by Mrs. John Brodhead, sponsors the programs every two months, hosting small groups of members at a refreshment session, a slide-show overview presentation and a behind-the- scenes tour of the Library and Herbarium. The tours are arranged and coordinated by Mrs. C.F.P. Stueck. Members interested in attending one of the sessions — the next scheduled for Feb. 7 — have been asked to contact the Development Office. Dr. Avinoan Danin, Botanist, Conducts Project Research Here Among the scientists who regularly call upon the Missouri Botanical Garden for research assistance, one of the most recent has been Dr. Avinoan Danin, lec- turer in Botany at Hebrew University in Jerusalem and currently under contract with Tahal Consulting Engineers Ltd., an Israeli water project firm with an office in Managua, Nicaragua. Dr. Danin was invited here by the Garden’s direc- tor, Dr. Peter H. Raven, whom the Israeli scientist helped to host when Dr. Raven was lecturing at the Hebrew University in 1975. Dr. Danin was one of the six Hebrew University scientists who recently conducted a complete ecologi- cal survey of the Sinai Peninsula. It is the aim of Tahal to see if botanists could help make soil surveys more accurate, by determining the quality of the soil and the vegetation, and by learning the relationship of the plant community and soil con- ditions in tropical countries. The Tahal Company plans and develops water proj- ects, specifically irrigation projects in the tropics. In order to do this properly the vegetation-soil relation- ships need to be thoroughly understood. Before coming to the Missouri Botanical Garden, Dr. Danin went to Nicaragua to study soil-vegetation relationships as a prerequisite to agricultural planning. It was Professor Danin’s first visit to Central America and the United States. He came to the Missouri Bo- tanical Garden, a world center for the study of the plants of the Central America, to name his plant spec- imens and to complete his evaluation of them. Danin brought with him 300 specimens which were distributed to experts on the Garden staff, who exam- ined and identified the plants for him. FRESHMEN LEGISLATORS VISIT GARDEN Approximately 20 freshmen Missouri legislators had breakfast at the Missouri Botanical Garden re- cently and toured the new Japanese Garden and other Garden attractions. The breakfast was served in the Slate area of the John S. Lehmann Building, after which the legislators were taken on a guided tour of the Japanese Garden as well as the Climatron and other attractions by Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director. Before leaving the Garden to visit Hannibal and return to Jefferson City, the legislators assembled in the Lehmann Building auditorium to hear Donald Tapperson, executive director of the Missouri Arts Council, speak on the state of the arts in Missouri. ALSO GROWING AT THE GARDEN: OUR MEMBERSHIP, OUR THANKS During the more than 100 years of its history, the Missouri Botanical Garden has conscientiously sought and consistently received the level of community in- terest and membership support necessary to ensure the survival of this unique botanical institution. Never has the need for such support been so great as it is today. And never has the level of support been so great. As of Dec. 1, 1976, membership in the Missouri Botanical Garden has grown to 8,700 — more than double the number of members in 1974 and the high- est level of membership in Garden history. In the spring of 1974, with membership level standing at about 4,200, the Garden’s first organized membership development plan was launched. The professional services of Direct Mail Corporation were engaged to develop and implement a long-range pro- gram to ensure the steady growth of Garden member- ship. Such efforts have been successful, and will cer- tainly continue. But for a moment, the Garden would like to pause and offer its sincere gratitude to the thousands of Garden members for their generosity, their interest and their support, and most particularly for the per- Suasiveness with which they recruit new members. The Garden receives no direct tax support, so its Operations depend upon voluntary contributions from those who wish to help perpetuate this distin- guished botanical institution. Through their support, members contribute directly to newer and more beau- tiful horticultural displays, an expanding educational program and scientific research of world-wide signifi- cance, conducted to benefit mankind. In turn, the Garden has much to offer members. Most important, it provides a place of great natural beauty, preserved forever for their enjoyment. Mem- bership offers special opportunities, such as discounts on study and nature courses and on items from the Plant Shop, unique gifts from the Garden Gate Shop and special domestic and foreign garden tours. Members also receive the monthly Missouri Botani- cal Garden Bulletin, invitations to all floral show pri- vate preview parties and other social activities; first notices of lecture series, adult and youth courses and programs; and unlimited year-round admission to the Garden, Tower Grove House and the Shaw Arbore- tum at Gray Summit, Mo. Something new and exciting — evidence this year: the $1.2 million Japanese Garden — always awaits the member behind the Garden wall. And fortunately, new and exciting people are con- stantly stepping forward to become Garden members, to contribute to the Garden’s future and to work as ambassadors of goodwill in the effort to reach even higher membership totals. Gardening in St. Louis JANUARY GARDENING January is the month, not only for New Year's resolutions and television bowl games, but for plan- ning the new garden that you are hoping to cultivate this year. It is the month to leaf through seed catalogs and gardening magazines, reading carefully the glossy write-ups of the new plants being introduced for 1977. And it is the month to place orders for seeds that will be planted later. In the home greenhouse, colorful plants and flow- ers bolster the spirits when it is cold and snow-blown outside. Here one can find pleasure in the colors and textures that can be found nowhere else in a winter world. But besides reading and reflection, January is also a month to get busy! This is the month when you can start forcing the bulbs that you planted last October. It is a good time to start the bulbs of early spring color, such as the tuberous begonias or caladiums. Cuttings of favorite house plants can be made now. Also, seeds can be planted, some of the early annuals, for early use in- doors and later transplanting outside. Pansy seeds planted this month can be put out in late February or early March, and will flower much more heavily than plants started last fall. WATER AND AIR During cloudy weather, water mature plants spar- ingly; few plants die from insufficient watering in the winter, but a soggy soil coupled with dark days is an invitation for fungus disease to attack the plant. Even though it is cold outside, be sure that there is adequate ventilation in the greenhouse, particularly during the warmer parts of the day. For the birds, keep a good supply of food out — suet, seeds, apples and peanut butter. It is important that feeding be provided on a daily basis to make sure the birds have sufficient nourishment during the win- ter months. Christmas flowers should be carefully tended. Azaleas should be repotted and kept in good growing condition. The feeding of these plants can be begun, at two to three week intervals, while they are making new growth. During warm spells, it is extremely important to get out and water the garden heavily, because of the dry season that we have experienced. Many plants will suffer this winter if they cannot take moisture up through their roots on mild days. Mulches should be applied heavily on all plants, because of recent severe winter weather and to give good protection throughout the balance of the colder months. Wood ashes should be placed in covered con- tainers for use in the garden in early spring. 10 FLOWERING TREES AND SHRUBS Toward the end of the month, you may start forc- ing branches of flowering trees and shrubs, such as forsythia, flowering crabapples and others. Cut the branches and spray them with warm water; place them in containers, six to eight inches below water, and keep them at temperatures of 65 to 75 degrees until they begin to show color. Then they can be arranged into handsome bouquets for indoor use as a promise of the spring to come. Humidity may be a problem with house plants or home greenhouses. In the greenhouse, dampening the walks will help to raise the humidity level. Pans of water placed beneath benches will have the same ef- fect. In the home, it may be necessary to utilize tray gardens — metal or glass trays layered with pebbles, with the plants on holders and the water kept just at the top of the pebble layers. Washing the plants with warm soap and water will help keep them dust-free and in good condition. Give the plants a half turn at regular intervals to prevent their growing in one direction. During the mild days, check the garden — any plants that have heaved, due to heavy freezing and thawing, should be firmed back into the soil; a light mulch should be applied to prevent further heaving at a later date. Leaves that have accumulated on the lawn should be raked and removed, so they do not become packed and cause damage to the grass itself. — Robert J. Dingwall Chief Horticulturist New Trustee The Rev. Donald E. Mayer, pastor of Hope United Church of Christ at 6273 Ejichelberger St., has been appointed a member of the Board of Trustees of the Missouri Botanical Garden, it was announced by Tom K. Smith Jr., Board president. A 1955 graduate of Elm- hurst College in Elmhurst, Ill., the Rev. Mr. Mayer obtained his Bachelor of Divinity degree from the Eden Theological Seminary, Webster Groves, in 1959. He returned there for postgraduate work and earned a Master’s degree in Systematic Theology in Pastoral Care in 1968. Married and the father of two sons and a daughter, the Rev. Mr. Mayer has served the congregation of Hope United Church of Christ for nearly 14 years. Last October, the Rev. Mr. Mayer was elected presi- dent of the St. Louis Board of Education. PROGRAMS PLANNED FOR GARDENERS OF ALL AGES As part of its program of Continuing Education in Horticulture, Botany and Natural History, two adult courses and one Saturday morning activity for chil- dren are being offered in January by the Missouri Botanical Garden. “Botany for People,”’ a lecture course on selected topics in botany, covers flower structure and pollina- tion, plant structure, classification of major plant groups, and some ecological subjects. Each topic will be illustrated with living and pre- served specimens or slides and will be supplemented with short printed summaries for the student. Six meetings will be held on Monday mornings, 10 to 11:30 a.m., from Jan. 10 through Feb. 14. The instructor is Kenneth Peck, Head of the Education Department. House Plant Culture, a practical course on the se- lection, care and feeding of houseplants, will include discussions of cacti and succulents, ferns, brome- liads, and other tropicals which are suitable for to- day’s homes. Methods of arranging these plants in attractive, livable displays will be discussed. Each member of the class will receive one small plant and a booklet with color plates of over 100 houseplants. Two meetings are scheduled: Section A on Tues- day mornings, Jan. 18 and 25, from 10 to 11:30 a.m.; Section B will meet on Thursday evenings, Jan. 20 and 27, from 7 to 8:30 p.m. Instructor for both sec- tions is Kenneth Peck. Saturday Morning Activities, involving children, their parents, group leaders, teachers, and any persons interested in the Garden’s nature study programs, are held monthly. A Library-Herbarium Tour will be offered from 10 to 11:30 a.m. on Jan. 15. The Library is one of the finest botanical research facilities in the world, con- taining more than 100,000 books and other materials, including many items of interest to children and the average gardener. The Herbarium contains one of the largest collections of preserved plants in North America. For more information and registration on educa- tional programs, please call the Education Depart- ment at 772-7600, Extension 81. New courses and educational programs are sched- uled to begin in February, with information available later this month. Member of The Arts and Education Fund of Greater St.Louis MEMBERSHIP CATEGORIES Annual Contributions Henry Shaw Associate $1,000 Director’s Associate $ 500 Sponsoring Member $ 250 Sustaining Member $ 100 Contributing Member $ 50 Annual Member $ 25 Contributions are tax deductible for income tax purposes in the manner and to the extent provided by law. HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATES Mr./Mrs. Joseph H. Bascom Mr./Mrs. Watson T. Blair Ms. Harriet J. Tatman Mr./Mrs. C.C. Johnson Spink DIRECTOR’S ASSOCIATES Mr./Mrs. Roland Quest Mr. Roy L. Tarter NEW CONTRIBUTING MEMBERSHIPS November 1976 Miss Celestine A. Ghio Mr. Willard E. Henges Mr./Mrs. Milton Mathews Mr./Mrs. William T. Skinner NEW MEMBERSHIPS Mr. James J. Albanese, Jr. Rev./Mrs. Michael Allen Mrs. Edward L. Armstrong Mrs. Charlotte Ballard Mr./Mrs. Michael G. Banovz Mr./Mrs. Ronald Bardol Jack Barlow Designs, Inc. Mr. Richard M. Barthels Dr./Mrs. Lawrence Barton Mr./Mrs. Francis Basler Mr./Mrs. Baumann Mr./Mrs. Allan Belko Mrs./Miss M. Bernero Mr./Mrs. Robert H. Betts Mrs. Hattie Blum Mr./Mrs. H. Lynn Boardman Mr./Mrs. Robert E. Bracey Mr./Mrs. W.C. Branneky Miss Ethel Brimmer Mr./Mrs. Wm. Brueckmann Mr. Jim Brugger Mr./Mrs. Walter Brueggemann Mr./Mrs. David E. Buck Mrs. William F. Campbell Dr./Mrs. Shih-Chung Chang Mr./Mrs. Norman D. Clucas Ms. Kathryn Coibion Mr./Mrs. Bob Cradock Mr./Mrs. Carroll Crosley Col./Mrs. Melvin T. Deschamps Ms. Susan M. Dickens Mr./Mrs. Ray R. Dolan, Jr. M./Mrs. George Douros Ms. Patricia R. Doyle Ms. Oliver D. Dressel Miss Evamae Duis Mr./Mrs. R.K. Esler Mr. Albert D. Firestone Mr./Mrs. F. Flotken Mr./Mrs. Joseph Folk Mrs. Estelle Fritsche Mr./Mrs. Steve Gintz Mr. William N. Gish Mr./Mrs. Thomas E. Gephardt Ms. H.C. Goeke Ms. Mary M. Gredell Mr./Mrs. Phillip M. Greene Mr./Mrs. Wm. M. Guthrie Mr./Mrs. John O. Hall Mr./Mrs. James D. Hallahan Mr./Mrs. David S. Haven Mrs. Mildred C. Hines Mr./Mrs. Wm. A. Hitchcock Huntleigh Hills Garden Club Mr./Mrs. T.J. Jockenhoefer, Jr. Miss Mary Chapman Johnson Mr./Mrs. Richard P. Jost Mrs. Wm. M. Kern Dr. Allan E. Kolker Mr. G.R. Kramer Dr./Mrs. Emil F. Kuhn Dr./Mrs. Virgil H. Laager Mr./Mrs. Jerrold Lander Mr./Mrs. Justilien H. Landry IV Mr./Mrs. Michael W. Lieberman Mr./Mrs. Fred T. Luke Mr./Mrs. John W. MacClarence Mrs. Gladys L. Maeser Mr./Mrs. Stephen J. Marling Mr./Mrs. Paul J. Marshall Mr./Mrs. Warren Maxwell Mr./Mrs. Hugh McPheeters Miss Marilyn Mechler Mr./Mrs. Albert E. Mester Mr./Mrs. Milton Mill Mrs. Charles Miriani Mr. P. Thomas Molitor Mrs. Leona Moxter Mr./Mrs. Patrick C. Mullen Mr./Mrs. Daniel O. Murphy Mrs. Robert H. Myers Mr./Mrs. T.A. Nauert Mr./Mrs. R. Neupert Mr. William E. Newman Ms. Dorothy Nunnally Mr./Mrs. James Oates Mr./Mrs. Ken Oestreich Mr. Gene St. Palmer Dr./Mrs. George Pelican Donna Phipps Mr./Mrs. Thomas H. Pinnell Mr./Mrs. Edward V. Pitucha Mr./Mrs. John Plag Mr./Mrs. Jack |. Pope Mr./Mrs. Richard L. Reeg Mr./Mrs. Henry J. Reiker, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Christopher Rhodes Dr./Mrs. Frank O. Richards Mrs. T.C. Rischbieter Dr./Mrs. Adolfo E. Rizzo Mr./Mrs. Michael Rosa Ms. Marjorie Rueter Mr./Mrs. Patrick V. Ryan Mr./Mrs. M.A. Sandstedt Miss Mary Saviano Mr./Mrs. Donald Schaedler Miss Jan Schermer Mr./Mrs. James C. Schlereth Mr./Mrs. F.C. Schneeberger, II1 Mr./Mrs. John Schoenberr Mr./Mrs. Bob E. Senseman Mrs. Bradford Shinkle 11 Miss Eugenia L. Shrader Ms. Sharon Shugart Helen Smith Family Mr./Mrs. Jerry E. Stamm Mr./Mrs. Michael Suchart Mrs. Rosemary K. Sullivan Mr./Mrs. W. Walker Taylor Mr. Albert K. Theiling, Jr. Miss Anne B. Troot Mr./Mrs. Thomas A. Tucker Eileen and Louise Turner Mr./Mrs, Paul E. Utterback Mr./Mrs. Clarence F. Voigt Mrs. Leo Weinrobe Dr./Mrs. Robert Weiss Mr./Mrs. Joseph M. Willemin, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Edward N. Wilson Patricia Winkler Miss Connie Wolf Mr./Mrs. Wm. E. Wolfe Mr./Mrs. Leland B. Womack INCREASE IN MEMBERSHIP SUSTAINING Mr./Mrs. Wm. S. Knowles Mr./Mrs. Eugene J. Mackey, III INCREASE IN MEMBERSHIP CONTRIBUTIONS CONTRIBUTING Miss Mary E. Bascom Mrs. Dwight W. Coultas Mr./Mrs. Harry Franc Mrs. Harry C. Henges Mr./Mrs. Morton D. May Mr./Mrs. E.J. Neuner Mr./Mrs. L.D. Peterson Mr./Mrs. Edward Senturia Dr./Mrs. H.R. Senturia Mr./Mrs. Charles S. Sommer Mrs. A.S. Stockstom Ms. Kathy Whittenberger NOVEMBER 1976 TRIBUTES In Honor of Mr. Eli Strassner’s Birthday 11-25 Joe and Ruth Pollock In Honor of Mrs. Richard Wolfheim’s Birthday Mr./Mrs, Ellis C. Littmann In Memory of Mrs. Emile G. Bauer, Jr. Clayton Garden Club Group 3 In Memory of Mrs. Estelle K. Blanke Mr./Mrs. E.X. Boeschenstein Mrs. Frances Brawner Mrs. Virginia E. Meyer Mrs. Thomas O. Moloney Mrs, Margaret Moore Mr./Mrs. Wm. G. von Weise In Memory of Mrs. Elizabeth Canine Mr./Mrs. Matt Rogers In Memory of Laurissa Cochran Martha Kaltwasser In Memory of James E. Crawford Mr./Mrs. Charles T. Spalding Mr./Mrs, C. Powell Whitehead In Memory of Mr. H. Towner Deane Newell S. Knight Residents of Middle House, St. Paul’s School In Memory of Mrs. Forrest Donnell Mrs. F. Donald McDonald In Memory of Mr. Henry William Endres, Sr. Elizabeth Ohlweiler Dunse In Memory of Mrs. Elizabeth Erbe Marie Bakula In Memory of Mr. Dudley French Mr. Robert M. Carrigan Mr./Mrs. G. Victor Davis Mrs. Anthony B. Day Mr./Mrs, John Gibson, III Mr./Mrs. W. Boardman Jones, Jr. Mr/Mrs. Hugh M.F. Lewis McMillan Lewis Norman F. Moody Mr./Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr. In Memory of Mrs. Claude Garner Mrs. John J. Stodieck, Jr. In Memory of Mrs. Arthur Gordon Staff of Soldan High School In Memory of Gary Herschel’s Grandmother Darlene G. Thornhill In Memory of Mrs. Mary Murray Hilliker The Ballmanns Mrs, E, Julian Birk Mrs. Arthur F. Boettcher Elise Kiesel The Rev. and Mrs. J. Maver Feehan Katherine Murray Oak Hill Church — Former Mothercraft Club Mr./Mrs. John C. Vogel In Memory of Margaret E. Hood Mr./Mrs. Melvin Hood In Memory of Mr. Thomas Jarvis Mr./Mrs. Robert E. Chapman In Memory of Mrs. Bruck Johanboeke Florence T. Morris Mrs. Walter E. Morris In Memory of Mrs. Sylvia Kaslaw Robert G. Adams In Memory of Mr. Arthur J. Krueger Mr./Mrs. K.M. Schaefer In Memory of Mrs. Dingle Martz Dr. Helen M. Aff-Drum Dorothy J. Jones In Memory of Matthew S. McCauley Mr./Mrs. Charles R. Hilty In Memory of Philip Nunn’s Mother Doug and Fern Newman In Memory of Mrs. Ann Whitney Olin Mr./Mrs. Samuel C. Davis In Memory of Carol O’Neal’s Grandmother Julie Hindmarsh In Memory of Henry E. O'Neill Mrs, Katheryn O'Neill In Memory of Lawrence H. Palkes Mr./Mrs. Charles Gitto In Memory of Mrs. Henry Pflager Mrs. Kenneth M, Davis In Memory of Mr. Albert Ravarino Dr./Mrs. Armand D. Fries In Memory of Dr. D.K. Rose Mr./Mrs. Charles Tooker In Memory of Miss Gertrude Steinman Miss Genevieve Blahovec Mrs. Charles J. Brecht Marguerite Noble Schroeder In Memory of Mrs. J. Clark Streett Mr./Mrs. Henry Hitchcock In Memory of Mrs. G. Carroll Stribling Mr./Mrs. John W. Musick The Women’s Executive Board, Missouri Botanical Garden In Memory of Mrs. Edna B. Thamer Mr./Mrs. Ernst Dier| Mrs. Pearl K, Spring Mrs. Irma H. Stevenson In Memory of Mr. Charles C. Upson Mr./Mrs. Charles Tooker MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 2345 Tower Grove Avenue Saint Louis, Missouri 63110 SECOND CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT ST. LOUIS, MO. Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin rt Rag) Under construction since 1974 and only three months from completion, the new Japanese Garden development has received its formal name: Se/wa-En, Japanese for ‘‘garden of pure, clear harmony and peace.” Prof. Koichi Kawana, professor of environmental design at UCLA and architect of the Japanese Gar- den, developed the name for the new garden as well as the identifying logotype which appears in this month’s Bulletin. ‘‘The name of the garden is SEIWA-EN,” Prof. Kawana wrote to Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director. “Sei is ‘pure and clear,’ wa is ‘har- mony and peace,’ and En is ‘park or garden.’ Both Ses and wa are the most important principles of the Japanese tea ceremony which permeates all other physical and spiritual entities of Japanese culture. “It is the virtue of man. “The garden was created as a re- sult of wa — the peaceful and harmon- ious efforts of the people of St. Louis and those of Japan and between man and nature.” The new garden’s logotype is a form of crest de- picting a pine, the essential tree in the Japanese Gar- den, traditionally called tokiwa, a word meaning “evergreen’’ and symbolically expressing longevity and happiness. The garden’s seal, reading Se/wa-En in artistic form, was also developed by Prof. Kawana and ap- pears in this month’s Bu/letin. The name, Se/wa-En in Japanese calligraphy, will Garden of Pure, Clear Harmony and Peace be inscribed on a plaque erected in the Japanese Gar- den, a $1.2 million development taking shape on 12 acres of the Garden grounds and scheduled for dedi- cation on May 5, 1977. The plaque will also bear the names of the major contributors to the garden, which are: — Missouri Department of Natural Resources — Missouri Arts Council — National Endowment for the Arts — City of Saint Louis, Missouri — Japan World Exposition Commemorative Fund — Nagano Prefecture, Japan — Suwa City, Japan — Saint Louis — Suwa Sister Committee — Elizabeth E. and Joseph H. Bascom — Oliver K. and Suzanne T. Bovard — Chemtech Industries, Inc. — Leicester B. and Mary P. Faust — Blanche Y. and Albert P. Greensfelder — Elmer G. and Ernstine R. Kiefer — A.P. and Esther M. Klose — Priscilla B. McDonnell — Louis T. Meyer — Elizabeth Moore — Laura R. and William R. Orthwein, Jr. — Lucianna Gladney Ross — Lois McK. Shapleigh — Angela Sterbenz — Hilda E. Stroh The Japanese Garden was inspired by the St. Louis Chapter, Japanese American Citizens League. Volume LXV Number 2 February 1977 THE GARDENS OF KYOTO AWAIT MEMBERS ON TOUR The breathtaking gardens of Kyoto, ancient capi- tal and cultural center of Japan, will be part of the itinerary for those Garden Members who plan to take advantage of the Garden’s autumn tour of the Japa- nese countryside, scheduled for Oct. 2-22, 1977. Five days of the three-week visit to Japan will be spent in Kyoto, which is the site of some of the most unique and historic gardens in Japan. Tenryu-ji, a temple garden dating from 1343; the Heian Shrine erected in 1895 to commemorate the 1,100th anniversary of the founding of Kyoto; the royal garden at Katsura Rikyu, one of the most famous garden landscapes in the world — these are only three of the choice gardens open to the touring group. Another imperial garden is Shugakiun Rikyu on the western slopes of Mount Hiei, an informal garden constructed on three different levels. The highest level provides a panoramic view of the Kyoto coun- tryside. In addition to streams and a large lake, a distinctive feature of the Shugakiun garden is an ex- tensive use of native Japanese maple trees, which will be viewed at the height of their autumn coloring. One of the newest settings historically is the Murin-an, a charming Meiji period (1868-1912) “natural” style landscape, dominated by a meander- ing stream flowing through a grass covered meadow. This garden is totally enclosed and subtly utilizes the magnificence of the surrounding wooded Higashi- yama hills. For information on the Members’ trip to Japan, please call the Members’ Office at the Garden. Reser- vations are limited. SPRING GARDEN WORKSHOP The fifth annual Spring Garden Workshop will be held in the Floral Display House of the Missouri Bo- tanical Garden on Saturday and Sunday, March 5 and 6. New techniques in spring gardening will be dis- cussed at the workshop, conducted by Robert Ding- wall, chief horticulturist at the Garden. Many up-to- date ideas for the home garden will be presented by Bob Dingwall and other staff members at the work- shop. Plant Shop staff members will be on hand, too, to help with any problems concerning spring garden work. Be prepared to arrive with pencil and paper and depart with a world of information to get the home garden off to a good start and to produce excellent results for the year. The hours of the workshop are 11 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. on Saturday, March 5, and noon to 4:30 p.m. on Sunday, March 6. A mammoth Red Goose, spokesman for a shoe company, found the Garden to his liking during the recent filming of a television advertise- ment. The Garden setting was chosen as an ideal spot to portray spring shoe designs. DAY CARE AVAILABLE FOR CHILDREN OF VOLUNTEERS Mothers with young children can now volunteer their time more easily to the Garden, and be sure their small fry are well cared for. The Garden has made special arrangements with the day care center at Tower Grove Baptist Church, on the corner of Tower Grove and Magnolia Avenues, for children of Volunteers to attend the center while their mothers are working at the Garden. The day care facility offers a varied program of play and learning activities, lunch and rest times. Fees are reasonable, and children are accepted for half or whole days. With the coming of spring and the completion of the Japanese Garden many more Volunteers will be needed than ever before. For information about the Volunteer Program and the positions available, please call Carol Taxman, Chairman of Volunteers, at 772-7600, Extension 53. The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN is pub- lished 12 issues per year monthly by the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. $5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign. Consortium Provides Input for Environmental Project The Environmental Education Training Project, a year-long program co-sponsored by the Missouri Bo- tanical Garden and the St. Louis Public Schools, has established a community Consortium to train teach- ers in the use of local environmental education re- sources. The Consortium, representing more than 25 civic, cultural, environmental and educational organiza- tions, meets at the Garden regularly to provide guid- ance and assistance to the project staff. Project co-directors are Edward P. Ortleb, science supervisor for the St. Louis Public Schools; and Dr. William M. Klein, assistant director of the Garden. Twenty city teachers are currently taking part in the project, a federally-funded program supported by a $57,876 grant from the U.S. Office of Environ- mental Education. The cooperative project will devel- op a teacher training model to help fourth-, fifth- and sixth-grade teachers assemble curriculum material from a variety of resources, and to prepare them to train other teachers. Consortium members include the St. Louis Com- mittee for Environmental Information; Environment magazine; the East-West Gateway Coordinating Coun- cil; St. Louis Art Museum; St. Louis Public Library; Cemrel; the American Lung Association; the Center for Simulation Studies; the U.S. Army Corps of En- gineers; Project Values and Program on Man, Technol- ogy and Society, St. Louis University; Missouri De- partment of Conservation; U.S. Environmental Pro- tection Agency; the Coalition for the Environment; the Ozark Chapter of the Sierra Club; and Washington University. One recent consortium session was directed toward providing teachers with substantive information in four areas: pollution, transportation, plant and ani- mal relationships, and recycling. Participating in the session were David Bedan of the Sierra Club; Sue Rensing of the Art Museum; Prem Chand, St. Louis Park Department; Beatrice Robertson, Cahokia Mounds Museum; Jack Wood- head, Department of Conservation; David Killeen, EWGCC; Betty Broemmelsick, Soil and Water Dis- tricts Commission; Bill Darby, Washington University; Dick McMillan, Soil Conservation Service; Rocco Di- Lorenzo, St. Louis University; Evelyn McWilliams, Lung Association; Norm Messinger, National Park Service; Kate Rogers, Cemrel; and Gary Harvey, Coa- lition for the Environment. Project managers are Peggy Rustige of the St. Louis Public Schools and Calla Smorodin of the Garden's Ecological Services Department. Peggy Rustige: ‘’In the formative years, the schools must be concerned with teaching children about a citizen's responsibility to the environment. Teachers must learn to view the community as an educational laboratory for the utilization of the school’s intellec- tual, physical and natural resources.”’ Calla Smorodin: ‘‘The diverse interests and broad range of expertise of the Consortium participants helps to assure that our training model is multi- disciplinary, multi-process and designed to help stu- dents move toward a comprehensive understanding of the environment.” The Consortium schedule includes attendance at follow-up seminars held at the Garden. Participating in one such session, held recently, were Elizabeth Robb, Committee for Environmental Information; Jack Woodhead, Department of Conservation; Richard Daley, Ecological Services, Missouri Botani- cal Garden; Bill Savage and Alan Donges, Soil Conser- vation Service; Don Clay and Deborah Bass, EWGCC; David Bedan, Coalition for the Environment; and the Sierra Club. Members work with project teachers and staff to help them develop curriculum units. Here, left to right, Consortium member, Don Clay, East-West Gateway Coordinating Council; Calla Smoro- din, Project Manager for the Garden; Project teachers Eunice Spratt, Leon Smith and Minnie Tillman, with Peggy Rustige, Project Man- ager for St. Louis Pub- lic Schools, go over ideas. Garden Visitors (NEE + . Ves During a recent Garden visit by students fram the Missouri School for the Blind, two young girls use the sense of touch to experience a plant in the Desert House. WALLIS. Bis iDivertepebs 8 aa * a ares ih den welt Fy! a x Liat | Members of the National Middle School Association tour the Desert House with Volunteer Guide Miss Mary Elizabeth Bascom. The teachers from all over the United States were taking part in the group’s 1976 Annual Conference held in St. Louis. A surrey with the ap- propriate fringe on top, the newest vehicle for Trustees’ tours of the Garden, was presented to the Board of Trustees recently by John G. Buettner, president of Shipping Utilities, Inc., manufacturers of the surrey and other mech- anical devices; and Mrs. Dwight W. Coultas president of the Execu- tive Board of the Mem- bers. Surrey-riding, from left, are Trustees Howard F. Baer and C. Powell Whitehead; Mr. Buettner; Daniel L. Schlafly; Tom K. Smith Jr., president of the Board of Trustees; and Mrs. Coultas. Standing at right is Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden Director. ’ lela Ls LECTURE SERIES SCHEDULED A Spring Lecture Series, scheduled for March and April in the John S. Lehmann Building, will focus on yesterday, today and tomorrow at the Missouri Bo- tanical Garden. The schedule, ‘““Our Garden Through The Years”: March 9 — “‘Henry Shaw; Reflections on Our Founder,’”’ James Reed, Garden librarian currently at work on a Shaw biography. March 16 — “‘Scientific Research at Mis- souri Botanical Garden,” Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director. March 23 — ‘‘A View from the Summit,” the Arboretum, 2,200 acres at Gray Summit, David Goudy, Arboretum superintendent. March 30 — ‘‘Missouri Botanical Garden: A Blueprint for the Future,” Dr. Peter H. Raven. April — A series of films and an exhibition of botanical prints are scheduled. The March lecture sessions will be held at 10:30 a.m. and 8 p.m. in the Lehmann Building auditorium. GARDEN GATE VOLUNTEERS EXPLORE EASTERN MARKETS The globe-trotting volunteer buyers for the Gar- den Gate Shop, dedicated to maintaining the unique- ness of gift opportunities at the Missouri Botanical Garden, headed East for five January days to scout faraway markets for exciting spring items. Jan. 9 through 13, the volunteers visited the At- lantic City Glass and China Show and travelled to New York City to inspect items available at the Gift Market there. One immediate result: a sale; with inventory tak- en on the snowiest day of a snowy January, the shop has announced a clearance sale of one-of-a-kind items, drastically reduced in price to make room for the fresh spring look. MEMBERS TO GO WEST For nine days next June, Garden members will have the chance to head West, tread the Rim of the Rockies and experience the awesome beauty of those magnificent Canadian sunsets. A special tour for members has been sched- uled June 12-20 through the scenic grandeur of the Canadian Rocky Mountains, including visits to Banff, Lake Louise, Jasper Park and the “Going to the Sun’”’ Highway across the Conti- nental Divide. The trip will offer a unique opportunity to observe the spectacular Alpine flora of the conti- nental Northwest. For additional information, contact the Members’ Office at the Garden. WATERCOLOR EXHIBIT TO OPEN IN FEBRUARY A collection of some 30 watercolor paintings by Carol Bolt, nationally known artist and art tutor, will be on display in the lobby of the John S. Lehmann Building from Feb. 22 through March 25. Garden Members and their guests are invited to attend the opening of Ms. Bolt’s showing, from 7:30 to 9:30 p.m. on Monday, Feb. 21. Ms. Bolt, a native New Yorker, has exhibited her work in galleries on Long Island, in Chicago, in Lon- don, and at the Norton Gallery in St. Louis. She holds a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree from Choui- nard-California Institute of Arts in Los Angeles, and has tutored art students in addition to doing free- lance work. Her work has been reproduced in nation- al advertisements and in Scholastic Magazine, a publi- cation with a large youth audience. At present she is employed as a graphic designer for Edison Brothers Company. Regular exhibit hours will be from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., Monday through Friday. The watercolors in the exhibit will be for sale. Persons interested in pur- chasing one or more of these paintings should contact the library staff. SPRING PREVIEW PARTY SET Garden Members and their guests are invited to attend a preview party for the Spring Flower Show, scheduled for 5 to 7:30 p.m. Friday, March 18, in the Floral Display House. The party is co-sponsored by Lilly Pulitzer of St. Louis and Eagle-Marine Industries, Inc. CAMELOT LECTURE SCHEDULED Spring gardening will be the theme of a Camelot lecture by Robert Dingwall, the Garden's chief horti- culturist, scheduled for 1 p.m. Monday, Feb. 28, at the Signal Hill Methodist Church in Belleville, III. Last October, the lecture was sold to the Signal Hill Gardeners at the Annual Camelot Auction, con- ducted by Channel 9 for the benefit of member or- ganizations of the Arts and Education Council of Greater St. Louis. The Missouri Botanical Garden is a council mem- ber. In addition, four house calls by the ‘‘plant doctor’’ were donated to the auction. Dr. Dingwall made two such calls last fall and will complete the remaining two in the spring. A second Camelot lecture, by John Elsley, cura- tor of hardy plants, was donated to the auction and was purchased by the Webster Groves Garden Club. 5 The Orchid: A Bloom of Uncom: One of America’s favorite flavors — vanilla, it’s called — can be found in cookies, cakes, yogurt, pud- ding and milk shakes; it’s used in tobacco, soap, per- fumes, medicines and liqueurs; and it accounts for nearly half of all the ice cream sold in the United States. But where does it come from? You guessed it: genuine vanilla comes from an orchid. It’s called Vani/la Planifolia in botanical cir- cles and is native to southeastern Mexico, the West Indies, Central America and northern South America. It was used by the Aztecs of Mexico to flavor their cocoa long before Europeans discovered America. The earliest known reference to it is from an illustra- tion in the Badianus Manuscript, an Aztec Herbal of 1552. The Aztecs called it ‘’Tlilxochitl,”” meaning “Black Flower,’’ which probably refers to the color of the cured fruit capsule, the source of vanilla flavor- ing. The common name in English, as well as the scientific name, comes from the Spanish word “Vainilla’’ which is the diminutive of the word for a pod. Why is genuine vanilla so expensive? Because its production is an elaborate, time-consuming process requiring much hand-labor and several months to complete. Unripened fruit capsules (often erroneous- ly called “‘beans’’ which are the fruits of an entirely different plant family) must be picked at a specific point in their development and cured by a complex process in order for the seeds and surrounding tissue to develop the proper flavor and aroma. This entire process has been little improved over that developed by the ancient Aztecs except in the early part of the 19th century when Edmund Albius, a former slave, perfected a method of artificial pollination which made vanilla production a practical commercial ven- ture, In 1950, world production of vanilla was about three million pounds, with Madagascar producing over one-half and Mexico about one-fourth of the total world crop. Vanilla is also grown commercially in Tahiti, Reunion, Dominica, Indonesia, the French West Indies, the Seychelles and Puerto Rico. Vanillin, a commercial synthetic manufactured from petro- leum and papermill wastes, now rivals the production of true vanilla. Come and see (and smell) the Vanilla Orchid at the Climatron Orchid Show, Feb. 5 through Mar. 13. WHERE DOES THIS FLOWER GROW? On every continent of the world except Antarc- tica, in any habitat not occupied by permanent ice or standing water, the orchid can be found growing and propagating and going about its aromatic business. Even in the tropics, where orchids are most abun- dant, they can be found in a variety of habitats not usually considered tropical. In Africa, for example, orchids can be found in mangrove swamps, sand dunes, grasslands, savannahs, bushlands and meadows, as well as forest and jungle. However, orchids do grow in the greatest numbers and diversity in cloud forest or mountain forest asso- ciations in the tropics. Some tropical countries, such as Costa Rica or Ecuador, may each be the habitat of some 2,000 different species of orchid. In all of North America, there are only about 200 orchid species. A LARGE FAMILY According to botanical estimates, about one out of every 10 flowering plants in the world is an orchid. The number of natural species of this flower, world- wide, is believed to range from 15,000 to 35,000. And even though there may be more individual plants belonging to the sunflower and grass families, the or- chid family is the largest of all in number of species. 1 Good Taste A MOONFLOWER Do orchids bloom in the moonlight? Wherever they bloom, in North American woodlands, Mexican highlands, tropic lowlands, their floral life is unmiti- gated by the moon, as can be seen this month in the Climatron, the home away from home for hundreds of orchids from around the world. Neither moon, nor gloom, nor dark of night less- ens the exquisite beauty of these dainty, fragile and intricately-formed flowers. Once in bloom, they stay in bloom for several weeks. TAKE HOME A “STAR” Ludisa (Haemaria) d/sco/or, a terrestrial Burmese “Jewel” orchid of particular merit for use in terrari- ums and bottle gardens, will be a “‘star’’ among the many orchids featured in the Plant Shop during Feb- ruary’s Orchid Show. Cypripediums from the Gar- den’s collection, miniature cymbidiums, _ laelia, phalaenopsis, and numerous other species and hybrid orchids will be offered for sale during the shop’s regu- lar business hours: 9 to 4:30 daily. Particular care has been given to select plants with the “‘beginner’’ in mind. Specific cultural information will be given with each plant. Experience the Climatron during this exceptional event and let the Plant Shop provide you with a living memory of the day. Poke Zw Pf, P tig Oo _— Ltt ~ Sapna 9 ~ U Yj Ui OO de WHERE TO READ ALL ABOUT IT! With the Garden’s Orchid Show scheduled to burst into bloom on Feb. 5, interest in this exotic flower is at a high level. The following is a list of general reference works on the orchid and its culture. All are available for Garden Members’ use at the Li- brary in the John S. Lehmann Building, and are for sale at the Garden Gate Shop. The Biology of Orchids, by C. H. Dodson and R. J. Gillespie. (Mid-American Orchid Con- gress, Inc., 1967). Home Orchid Growing; third edition, by R. Y. Northern. (Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1970). A History of The Orchid, by M. A. Reinikka. (University of Miami Press, 1972). Orchids, by F. S. Shuttleworth, H. S. Zim and G. W. Dillon. (Golden Press, 1970). The Orchids; A Scientific Survey, by C. L. Withner, Editor. (Ronald Press, 1959). The Orchids, Scientific Studies by C. W. With- ner, Editor. (John Wiley & Sons, 1974). Nell C. Horner A Personal Memory Nell Horner’s death, at the age of 87 on Septem- ber 6, 1976, brought an era to a close at the Missouri Botanical Garden. Nell was a native Missourian, born in Columbia, where she was buried. The family moved to St. Louis when she was a small child and she remembered the Garden then as a pretty place to visit, with its formal English style flower beds. She attended Washington University and maintained close contact with her university friends afterward. In September, 1919, Nell came to the Garden as an assistant to Jacob R. Schramm, assistant director and editor of the Annals. Proof-reading and botany were strange new fields for her, but her major at Washington University in Latin and English had given her a language background. By 1920 she was Editor of Publications, with responsibility for both the Bu/- letin and the Annals. Articles in the Bu//etin were seldom signed, but Nell was the author of many of them. In 1925 she was given the additional title, one that she held until 1957, of Librarian and Editor of Publications. Nell Horner, right, in an early photograph, along with, from left, Ed Evinger, graduate student at the time but later in charge of the experimental green- house; and Mildred E. Mathias, currently Emeri- tus Professor of Botany at UCLA. The quality of the Anna/s over the years was in part due to her conscientious editing. It was a com- mon sight to see her leave the office at five o’clock with an armload of manuscripts or proofs as home- work. Her editorial ability and her knowledge of Latin were invaluable to students and staff in the preparation of papers, not only for the Anna/s but for other journals. She had a gentle way of calling atten- tion to a bad style or a grammatical error. Her exten- sive knowledge of the literature of botany was parti- cularly helpful in picking up errors in citations. For many years Nell’s desk was in the reading room where she was readily accessible to students, serving as a resource person as well as a sympathetic sounding board for their problems. One of my first memories of Nell was a discussion with her of old age when she informed me that anyone past 35 could no longer function in this soci- ety and should consider suicide. As a young under- graduate | had little reason to question such wisdom, but | now realize that she had just passed that critical age and perhaps felt ‘‘over the hill.” She need not have worried since her rapport with students was such that age was of little consequence. Nell attended most of the students’ parties and entertained them often with elegant buffets in a charming southern home filled with antique furniture and further adorned by her father, an antebellum for- mal gentleman always referred to by the family as Mr. Horner, and her mother, a delightful petite southern belle who was still writing poetry in her nineties. It was an introduction to another world for many a graduate student. In 1930, Nell joined C. Leo Hitchcock and George Goodman, then both graduate students at the Garden, on part of their collecting trip through the southwestern United States. | suspect that this was her sole contract with field work and it gave her fur- ther appreciation of student activities. In 1957 Nell became Bibliographer and Editor at the Garden, but the following year left the Garden to join the library staff of the St. Louis University School of Medicine, where she worked until retire- ment. However, she maintained her many personal associations with the Garden and when the Alumni of the Missouri Botanical Garden was organized, Nell be- came the only honorary member. Her home in St. Louis was a mecca for former students, a place where one was brought up-to-date and where we were rein- fected with the zest for life that Nell always dis- played. — Mildred E. Mathias Emeritus Professor of Botany, UCLA Tower Grove House Visitors They come in all sizes, shapes and ages; hailing from nearby or far away; representing scout troops or civic groups or school classes; their interests ranging from history to architecture to interior decorating to tourism. In the year ending last Oct. 1, nearly 27,000 of them came to the Missouri Botanical Garden, to tour the Victorian elegance of Tower Grove House. Visitors to Tower Grove House averaged 2,500 per month during the year ending Oct. 1, with the great- est number of visitors reported during the late spring and summer months. The highest single month during the year was May, with a total of 3,594 visitors tour- ing the Victorian home. The lowest months, tradi- tionally, are January and February, but 1,820 visitors toured the home during February of 1976. Group rates and schedules are available for tours of Tower Grove House, currently under restoration to replicate as nearly as possible the state of the home when Henry Shaw lived there more than a century ago. Dudley French It was appropriate that Dudley French’s last out- ing, four months before his death at the age of 89, was a visit to the Missouri Botanical Garden, an insti- tution which has benefited greatly from the efforts and energies of this remarkable St. Louisan. Mr. French, a member of the Garden’s Board of Trustees for more than 20 years and its first Honor- ary Trustee, died last October following a lengthy illness, It was in June, a year and a half after he had become ill, that Mr. French was brought to the Gar- den by his daughter, Mrs. Alden Blodget Jr., for what proved to be his final outing. Although confined to a wheelchair, Mr. French was able to tour the develop- ing Japanese Garden with Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director, and Mrs. Raven. It was appropriate also that Mr. French was able to view the Japanese Garden, this promise of future growth, because he was a man who had served as one of the most ardent and devoted Garden supporters in the history of the institution. After that visit,Mr. French returned to his home at the Gatesworth Manor and during his remaining months, the one subject that would stimulate him to easy memory and conversation was the Garden. He loved to talk about the Garden, as he had always loved to serve the Garden in earlier years. Mr. French served as a member of the Board of Trustees from 1937 to 1959 and was largely respon- sible for establishing the Friends of the Garden, fore- runner of today’s extensive Members’ organization. After he retired from board service, Mr. French was honored at a Trustees luncheon held in March, 1960. Chairman of the Board, Robert Brookings Smith, praised Mr. French's “‘invaluable efforts’’ on behalf of the Garden, which had been “‘in the finest tradition cf Henry Shaw — a tradition of devoted service to science and to the public.” At that time Mr. French was presented with an engraved silver pitcher in recognition of his service to the Garden, and was named the first Honorary Trus- tee of the Missouri Botanical Garden. A special plaque in his memory, acknowledging Mr. French’s unique contributions to the Garden, has been authorized by the present Board of Trustees and will hang in the Members’ lounge. Others who were associated with Mr. French in Garden affairs during those years have remembered his charm, his gentleness and his humor. The Garden’s two other Honorary Trustees, Leicester Busch Faust and Henry H. Hitchcock, have recalled the delight with which Dudley French would bring visitors to the Garden. He was constantly intro- ducing new people to the Garden — his friends, out of town visitors, and St. Louisans who were unfamiliar with the Garden and its capacity to provide unique enjoyment and pleasure. Although the Garden was his most enduring com- mitment, Mr. French had many other community in- terests. A former vice-president of Graham Paper Company, he was active in United Fund campaigns and was a former president of the St. Louis Children’s Aid Society, later the Family and Children’s Service of Greater St. Louis, Inc., of which he also served as president and board member. He was also a president of the St. Louis Branch of the English Speaking Union. His wife, the former Grace Allen, died in 1970. In addition to his daughter, Louise French Blodget, of Princeton, N. J., he is survived by a brother, Charles French of Kansas. Hortus Third at Garden Gate Shop The new Hortus Third, an authoritative and com- prehensive book dealing with thousands of plants which are grown in North America, has replaced Hor- tus Second and is currently available in the Garden Gate Shop of the Missouri Botanical Garden. The book is a major update of Hortus Second, fa- miliar to many American gardeners as the best listing of plants in cultivation. Coming more than 35 years after its predecessor, Hortus Third has nearly 24,000 entries, more than 1,300 pages and is illustrated with line drawings. The book includes information on species, varieties, culti- vars and forms, and each entry includes a description of the plant with range, cultivation, propagation and hardiness. Both common and Latin names are given. In addition, the book contains a glossary and a list of authors of plant names. Published by Macmillan, Hortus Third was pre- pared by the staff of the L.H. Bailey Hortorium at Cornell University, a center for the study of culti- vated plants. The selling price of $99.50 works out to about seven cents per page — a reasonable rate at current book prices. As a gift, a tool of the trade or a treasure for anyone who works or plays with plants, Hortus Third comes with high recommendations. — W.G. D’Arcy Department of Botany Gardening in St. Louis THE INTEMPERATE SEASON Late fall and early winter have brought below- normal temperatures to most of the Midwest. The previous lack of moisture, coupled with continued dry conditions and severe cold, could result in con- siderable damage to plants. It is important, when the ground thaws, to get out and water heavily. We recall that a year ago, Feb- ruary was very dry and this condition continued throughout the summer season. Therefore, | urge all gardeners to water heavily at this time of year, so that if we continue to experience cold frost, the plants will have sufficient moisture to maintain them in good condition. Seed orders should be placed with emphasis on hybrid plants and disease-resistant varieties. A num- ber of new vegetables, which are disease resistant and proven hardy in this area, are available. Plan to attend the Garden’s March Workshop to learn new tech- niques for your garden for the coming year. This is a very worthwhile program at the Garden and one from which all members can obtain a great deal of informa- tion. DORMANT OIL SPRAY February is the month to apply dormant oil spray when temperatures are above 40 degrees for at least 24 hours. This should be applied liberally to all parts of the plant at the same time. It is not harmful to animals or birds and it is one of the most economical and safe sprays that can be applied to garden areas. Many new varieties of plants and vegetables are available for patio and apartment gardening. Check seed lists and horticulture information for varieties particularly recommended for container growing. New soilless media, both light weight and weed free, are available from most garden centers and make ideal media for plant growth. FLOWER SELECTION Select flowers that can take the heat during the summer months. Much can be done to keep plants in gcod condition by having mulches applied, to help control the soil temperatures and keep them some- what cooler than air temperatures. Extremely heat- resistant flowers suitable for this area are: Amaran- thus — especially Amaranthus tri-color called ‘Joseph’s Coat’; Canna’s in various colors; Creeping Zinnia; Sanvitalia procumbens; Gloriosa Daisies and other species and hybrids of Rudbeckia; Madagascar Periwinkle or Vinca Rosea, as it’s called; Sunflowers; Zinnias — narrow leafed drought resistant kinds such as Classic and Mexican Zinnias; Celosia Cockscomb; Cleome or ‘Spider’ Flowers; Geraniums. Much work has been done in growing from seed new geraniums which are very compact, very free flowering, and standing up extremely well under St. Louis condi- 10 tions. Strawflowers and Marigolds in various giant hybrids and tetraploids are available; Portulaca, or ‘Moss Rose’; Salvia in red, white and blue; Verbenas are low, constantly blooming, and come in multitudes of colors. For the shaded gardens: Fibrous Begonias, Browallia, Coleus, Impatiens, Caladiums all do ex- tremely well. STARTING VEGETABLES Plan to start annuals and vegetables six to eight weeks before transplanting outside. Seeds started in- doors under artificial light and allowed to harden off two weeks prior to planting out give an early start. Cool crops should be planted out during the mild periods in February and early March so that they mature before the hot weather sets in. Orders for roses and other trees and shrubs should be placed immediately so that they will be delivered at the proper planting time. In making gardens plans now, it is important to consider ease of maintenance during the summer months. Refer to earlier Bulletins for further informa- tion on what to do in February. — Robert J. Dingwall Chief Horticulturist EDUCATION DEPARTMENT SETS COURSE(S) FOR SPRING One of the first heralds of spring — new adult education courses designed to prepare the gardener for a greener season — will begin at the Garden in mid-February and continue through March 16. Principles of Budding and Grafting, including demonstrations of common techniques helpful to the home gardener, will be the subjects of a one-session course scheduled for Thursday, Feb. 17. The session will be held from 7:30 to 10 p.m. in the John S. Lehmann Building, with James |, McCaskill as instruc- tor. Registration fee for Garden members is $6. In addition, a course in vegetable gardening for city dwellers and suburbanites will be offered begin- ning Wednesday, March 2, and continuing each Wednesday night through March 16. Each of the three sessions will be held from 7 to 8:30 p.m. in the Lehmann Building, with Stephen Wolff as instructor. During the course, those interested in growing food for the table will learn about site selection, soil preparation, selecting seeds and disease and insect control. Demonstrations will include seed sowing, seedling transplantings, special planters and miniature vegetables and herbs. Each student will receive a text- book. The registration fee for members is $10. Students may register for the new courses by tele- phoning the Garden’s Education Department at 772-7600. MEMBERSHIP CATEGORIES Annual Contributions Henry Shaw Associate $1,000 Director’s Associate $ 500 Sponsoring Member $ 250 Sustaining Member $ 100 Contributing Member $ 50 Annual Member $ 25 Contributions are tax deductible for income tax purposes in the manner and to the extent provided by law. HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATES Mr./Mrs. Joseph H. Bascom Mr./Mrs. Watson T. Blair Ms. Harriet J. Tatman Mr./Mrs. C.C. Johnson Spink Mr. Bruck Bryan Mr./Mrs. Edward P. Burke Mr./Mrs. Larry Burrows Mr./Mrs. Benjamin A. Butler Mrs. Lucille Byrne Mr./Mrs. Jules D. Campbell, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Charles D. Cannady Ms. Eileen Carlson Mr./Mrs. W.B. Cason Mrs. Virginia Cavitte Mr. C.H. Chandler Mr./Mrs. Robert S. Chandler Mrs. Mae D. Christopher Mrs. John A. Clarke Dr./Mrs. Wm. W. Clendenin Mr./Mrs, John W. Close Mr./Mrs. Bruck Cochran Mr./Mrs. Ronald Coyle Mr./Mrs. Peter Curran Mr./Mrs. Wesley Custer Miss Christine Cymbala Mrs. Amelia O. Davis Mr./Mrs. Donald R, Deatherage Capt./Mrs. Arthur F. Denkmann Dr./Mrs. Edmund L, Detering Mr. Barry Dillon Miss Josephine J. Doran Mr./Mrs. Thomas A. Doss Mr./Mrs. George F. Dubois Mrs. Ann Ebert Mr. Barney A. Ebsworth Mr./Mrs. David Dinig Mr./Mrs, Cletus H. Emmendorfer Miss Barbara Fallert Farmington Council of Garden Clubs Mr./Mrs. Cliford L. Fields Ms. Catherine R. Filla Mrs. Barbara V. Fletcher Mr./Mrs. R.J. Flieg Mr. Wm. R. Foster Dr./Mrs. L.J. Fox Ms. Margo Freebairn Mr./Mrs. Sydine Fredman Mr./Mrs. David E. Fry Mr./Mrs. Edward Fuhrman III Mrs. H.W. Garets Mrs. William F. Geisz Mrs. Mary L. Geldigan Miss Deborah J. Gersell Mr./Mrs. W.S. Gibb Mr./Mrs. Stan Green Miss Juanita Grman Mr. David Guempel Mrs. George Guth Mr./Mrs. C. David Gutsche Mr./Mrs. E.A. Haertling DIRECTOR’S ASSOCIATES Mr./Mrs. Roland Quest Mr. Roy Tartar December 1976 NEW SUSTAINING MEMBERSHIP Mr./Mrs. Charles MacVeagh NEW CONTRIBUTING MEMBERSHIP Mr./Mrs. Robert E. Hillard Dr. Ann Johanson Mrs, Mary L. Kerwin Mr./Mrs, Paul J. Kiel NEW MEMBERSHIPS Mr./Mrs. Mike Alizadeh Mr./Mrs. John G. Anderson Arcadia Valley Garden Club Miss Pam Armbruster Dr./Mrs. John Ayers Mr./Mrs. Earl A. Bage Mr./Mrs. Joseph E. Barry Miss Adele Bante Mr./Mrs, Jack S. Bates Mrs. Charles D. Beard Mr./Mrs. Allan Belko Mr./Mrs. George Bergen Miss Marie T. Bergmann Mr./Mrs. Gregory A. Bevirt Mr./Mrs. Vincent Biedenstein Miss Genevieve M. Blahovec Ray and Marie Blaskow Mr./Mrs. Leo Blandina Mr./Mrs. J.S. Bradbury Mr./Mrs. Guy M. Bradley Mr./Mrs. Paul E. Brauner Mr./Mrs. A.G, Breihan Ms. Annette E. Brenick Mr./Mrs. John A, Brinkers Mr. Gary R. Brinkman Mr./Mrs. Art Brockmann Miss Henrietta Brocksmith Miss Joyce Brumleve Member of The Arts and Education Fund of Greater St.Louis Ms. Beulah M. Hahn Mr./Mrs. Donald R. Ham Mr./Mrs. Alan A, Hamilton Ms. D.L. Hanks Mr./Mrs. Steven C. Himebrook Mrs. Mildred C. Hines Mr. Barny Hoffmann Mr./Mrs. Jerome B. Holstein Mrs. Marjorie Hoopes Mr./Mrs. Donald Hopkins Mr./Mrs. Michael Horwitz Mrs. D.K. Hudson Mr./Mrs. Virgil Hulette, Jr. Mr./Mrs, Ronald Hurst Mr./Mrs. James C. Jones Mr./Mrs. Joseph E. Jones Mr./Mrs. Ambrose D. Kelly Mr./Mrs. Michael Klaski Mr./Mrs. Raymond Klein Dr./Mrs. Allen P. Klippel Mr./Mrs. Larry A. Kluesner Mr./Mrs. Harold F. Kraushaar Mr./Mrs. Paul H. Kurz Miss Anna L. Lang Mrs. Delores Lange Mr./Mrs. Mort Lazaroff Mr./Mrs. C.B. Lears Ms. Barbara Lemmons Les Petite Fleurs Garden Club Ms. Pat Leve Mr./Mrs. Merlin Lickhalter Mr./Mrs. Elliott J. Littman Mr./Mrs. Herbert G. Liu Miss Mary C. Lottes Mr./Mrs. Philip H. Loughlin, III Mr./Mrs. Elmer Loyet Mrs. Bess Manar Miss Betty Mannion Mr./Mrs. L.B. Marshall Mr./Mrs. William O. May Mrs. J.E. McCadden, Jr. Rev./Mrs. Robert McNamara Mr./Mrs. Erwin Me. Meinberg Mr. Bernard Mellitz Mr./Mrs. Robert Mengersen Mrs. Elmer Mesnier Mrs. W.B. Messick Mr. Rickey E, Metzger Mrs. Ridgely Meyer, Jr. Marjorie C. Miller Mrs. Charles Miriani Mr./Mrs. Duke Mitchell Mr./Mrs. W. Michael Moran Mr./Mrs. Wilbur Muller Mr./Mrs. Wm. J. Mundy Mrs. Robert H. Myers Miss Mirian Neaf Mr./Mrs. Darrel C. Neal Mrs. Elizabeth Newsham Mr./Mrs. P. Newsham Mrs. L.D. Nicholas Mr./Mrs. B. Niewoehner, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Charles J. Nowotny Ms. Marianne O'Connor Mr./Mrs. Joseph Ogle Mr./Mrs. Paul Q. Olschner Miss Martha O'Neil Mr./Mrs. Ron L. Paradoski Mr. John G, Parvis Mr./Mrs. James B. Paton Mr. Ronn T. Pelley Mr./Mrs. A.J. Penico Mr. Patrick J. Pettit Mr. Mark M. Poindexter Mr./Mrs. Jack Porter Mr./Mrs. Henry R. Quante Mr./Mrs. Pat Ransom Mrs. Mabel Rattach Mr./Mrs. Gus Rawi Mr./Mrs. Henry J. Reiker Jr. Mr./Mrs. Larry Reimelt Mrs. Harry Richter David Ritchie Family Mr. George J. Rixner Mr. Richard M. Ross Mr. John J. Sanders Mr. Donald Schrader Mr. Douglas Seddon Mr./Mrs. E.J. Senn, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Donald W. Schaeffer Mrs. Daisy Scherck Miss Jan Schermer Mr./Mrs. George R. Schillinger Mr./Mrs. F.C. Schneeberger Mr./Mrs. Paul Schreiter Mr./Mrs. James W. Shucart Mr./Mrs. David Smith Mr./Mrs. Greg Smith Mr./Mrs. Robert A.K. Smith, Jr. Mrs. Sidney E. Smith Mr./Mrs. E.O. Sporleder Mr./Mrs. L.N. Stansberry Mr./Mrs. Harry L. Steinmann Mr./Mrs. Sanford Stephens Mr./Mrs. John Q. Sterbenz Mr./Mrs. Louis R. Streck Ms. Sandra Syries Mr./Mrs. Sanford Talley Mrs. Edith Taylor and Family Mrs. Guinever Taylor Ms. Mary ann Thurn Mr./Mrs. Felix W. Truss Mr./Mrs. Ben W. Turner Ms. Elaine M. Virga Mr./Mrs. Louis L. Voit Mr./Mrs. R. Wallace Waterman Mr./Mrs. Robert L. Weise Mr./Mrs. Vill Wenzlick Mr./Mrs. Richard M. West Mrs. J.M. Whealen Dorothy Michelle Wiers Mr./Mrs. Jack Wilt Mr./Mrs. H.C. Winkelmann Mr./Mrs. Albert H. Wolfington Miss Rosemary Woodworth ~Mr./Mrs. Carl Zimmerman INCREASE IN MEMBERSHIP CONTRIBUTIONS HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATE Mr./Mrs. James S. McDonnell, Jr. SPONSORING Dr./Mrs. A.J. Squitieri SUSTAINING Miss Melba Aufderheide Mr./Mrs. Carl L.A. Becker Mr./Mrs. Charles Lamy Mrs. Charles H. Sommer, Sr. Dr./Mrs. Robert Taxman Dr./Mrs. Hugh R. Waters CONTRIBUTING Mr./Mrs. John C. Brenner Mr./Mrs. Henry C. Colteryahn Mrs. Clark P. Fiske Mrs. C.E. Hill Mrs. Alton E. Horton Mr./Mrs. A.A. Meyer Mr./Mrs. Charles C. Schober Mr./Mrs. Walter G. Stern Mr./Mrs. B.K. Werner Mr./Mrs. Milton L. Zorensky 11 DECEMBER 1976 TRIBUTES In Honor of Miss Peggy Collins Mr./Mrs. Robert R. Cave In Honor of Mrs. Harry Milton's Birthday Mrs. Carl J. Heifetz In Honor of Elizabeth Ann Salmon’s Debut Dr./Mrs. Robert E. Kihlman In Honor of Mr./Mrs. G. Shabel’s 25th Wedding Anniversary Vera and Richard Falk In Honor of Thalassa Shank Mr./Mrs. George J. Amitan In Memory of Helen Beleck Rose Society of Greater St. Louis In Memory of Mrs. Estelle K. Blanke Charles B. Thies In Memory of Louie Brown Boyd Mr./Mrs. Ingram F. Boyd, Jr. In Memory of Gretchen Brummitt Clayton Garden Club #1 In Memory of Mr. J. Turner Clarkson Mr./Mrs. John Brodhead, Jr. In Memory of H. Towner Deane Mr./Mrs. Charles Lamy In Memory of Mrs. F. Baker DeCamp Mrs. John W. Aull Mrs. C. Phil Barning Mrs. Richard S. Bull Mrs. A.G. Campbell, Jr. Clyde Reynolds Carpenter Elizabeth P. Dabney Mr./Mrs. Ralph G. Ehlers Mrs, Harriet George Mr./Mrs. John G. Grubb Mrs. G.W. Heitz Mrs. Charles Hobart Mrs. Bond Houser, Jr. Mrs. Fred Hale Krug Edward J. Kuntz, Jr. John M., Larimer John W. Longstreth Mr./Mrs. Richard Marx Mrs. H.P. Materne Amelia B. Maxwell Mr./Mrs. Richard F. McCarthy Mr./Mrs. G.T. McClelland Mr./Mrs. Gerald D. McMullen Mr./Mrs. David B. Meeker Mrs. Walter Meeker Robert Nason Mrs. Thomas T. Pontius John D. Seaberg Mrs. Martha M. Shipman Mr. /Mrs. Russell Smith Mrs. E.E, Spencer, Jr. Mrs. Marie J. Springate Mr./Mrs. Barckley Storey Dr./Mrs. Benjamin Storey Mr./Mrs. E.!. Thompson, Mr./Mrs. J.L. Riley and their employees Mrs. Thomas R. Underwood Mrs. Thomas B. Wheeler Thomas C. Whitemarsh In Memory of Edith Duffey Mr./Mrs. Ernst F. Frese In Memory of Mrs. Gertrude Ford Drs. Kenneth and Ellen Lissant In Memory of Mr. Dudley French Mrs. Amos Eno Mr./Mrs, Charles Lamy Mr./Mrs. Carroll S. Mastin In Memory of Anna Frese Mr./Mrs. Ernst F. Frese In Memory of Ernst G. Frese Mr./Mrs. Ernst F. Frese In Memory of Isabel von Phul Hall Mr./Mrs. Harry B. Wilson In Memory of Warwick Harman Mr./Mrs. Ernst F. Frese In Memory of Mrs. Frank Hilliker The Book Club Mr./Mrs. E.R. Grant In Memory of Miss Nell Horner Dr./Mrs. William L. Brown Dr./Mrs. Russell J. Seibert In Memory of Dr. Robert Lamb Marilyn Lamb In Memory of Stafford Lambert Mr./Mrs. Charles Lamy in Memory of Mr. Raymond E. Lange Mrs. Raymond E. Lange In Memory of Mr. Carl LeClair Dolores Meyer In Memory of Robert F. Mathews Mrs. Joseph W. Lewis Mr./Mrs. George T. Pettus In Memory of Mrs. Grace Lewis Miller Clarence C. Barksdale In Memory of Lois Moeller’s Grandfather Julie Hindmarsh In Memory of Mrs. Selma Mueller Estelle and June McCarthy In Memory of Mr. Donald D. Noble Mrs. Herman Bowmar In Memory of Jane Tobin Rice Airlia Pettus Mr./Mrs. Robert Pettus Mr./Mrs. Harry B. Wilson In Memory of Jennifer Lee Ross Mr./Mrs. John Nulsen In Memory of Mrs. Laverne Sanford Mr./Mrs. A. Sherwood Lee In Memory of Norman Schaumburg Lisette E. Schaumburg In Memory of Robert Schwartz Mr./Mrs. Frank L. Thompson In Memory of Mr. Leslie Shires Roma M. Lister In Memory of Leonid Tichvinsky Mary Elizabeth Bascom Dr./Mrs. Jack Kayes In Memory of Mr. Albert Wagenfuehr Clayton Garden Club #2 In Memory of Dr. H.C. Will Mrs. Joseph H. Harper MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 2345 Tower Grove Avenue Saint Louis, Missouri 63110 SECOND CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT ST. LOUIS, MO. Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Oepariment of the Interior Garden Is Subject of Landmark Decision The Missouri Botanical Garden, rich in history as well as in science and natural beauty, has become one of only seven St. Louis area sites to be officially designated a National Historic Landmark by the federal government. Gary Everhardt, director of the National Park Service of the U.S. Department of the Interior, announced the decision and noted that the Garden “has been found to possess national significance in commemorating the history of the United States.” The purpose of the landmark designation, Ever- hardt said, is to recognize nationally significant sites and to encourage their owners to preserve them. Landmarks are chosen through studies prepared by the National Survey of Historic Sites and Buildings; evaluated by the Advisory Board on National Parks, Historic Sites, Buildings and Monu- ments; and approved by the Secretary of the Interior in accordance with the Historic Sites Act of 1935. To prepare a report on the Garden's nomination as a National Historic Landmark, a team from the Historic American Buildings Survey examines the Linnaean House, right. Upper right, the shield of the National Park Service, Landmark designating agency. The Garden is already enrolled on the National Register of Historic Places. Under the provisions of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, entry to the Register provides safeguards against damage by federal undertakings and fulfills one qualification for participation in a grant-in-aid program to assist in Garden preservation. Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director, noted that the Landmark designation represents official recog- nition of the original intentions of the Garden’s founder, Henry Shaw. “In his will,” said Dr. Raven, “Mr. Shaw asked that the property be conveyed to a body of public Trustees in order to preserve the Garden for public use, ‘forever kept up and maintained’. Our ongoing effort to preserve and improve the Garden closely parallels the purposes and objects of the National Landmark designation.” Prior to the designation, a 10-page inventory and [Continued on Page 2] Volume LXV Number 3 March 1977 LANDMARK DECISION ... nomination form was prepared by a National Park Service historian. It Summarizes the history and scientific and social contributions the Garden has made during its more than 100 years of existence, and concludes: “The Missouri Botanical Garden’s physical environment, its library and herbarium, and _ its programs and publications document the historical development of botany in the United States from the middle of the 19th Century to the present. From Henry Shaw’s restored 1849 Tower Grove House to the 1960 Buckminster Fuller inspired Climatron, the Missouri Botanical Garden reflects a 175-year tradition of American scientific concern for the world of plants and man’s relationship to them.” [Continued from Page 1] Spring Solicitation Drive In an effort to enlarge its membership, the Garden will soon be sending letters of membership solici- tation to various individuals and groups in the St. Louis area. Because such letters may inadvertently go to persons already Garden Members, Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director, will write to each Member to explain the procedure. “We want to let the members know in advance,” Dr. Raven said, “that this might happen, and to explain that it would be extremely costly to remove the names of Garden Members from each of the many different lists we will be using. Knowing that in advance, | hope the Members will understand should they receive one of our solicitation letters.” Dr. Raven has asked those Members receiving the letters to support the solicitation campaign by passing the letter to a friend, relative or neighbor who is not a Member. Chicago Flower Show Garden volunteers can see one of the top amateur and professional flower shows in the country — the Chicago Flower Show, at McCormick Place in Chicago — ona special bus trip arranged for March 30 and 31. The Chicago Flower Show offers a combined display of amateur and commercial exhibits showing many of the newest flowers and bulbs available to the public for the first time. It offers the chance to see exciting exhibits arranged in attractive land- scape designs, floral arrangements, and specimen exhibits to give a wide range of ideas to amateurs and professionals alike. Tour horticultural guide is Robert Dingwall, chief horticulturist for the Garden. The group will stay at the McCormick Inn, across the street from the show. A special trip to the Chicago Art Institute is also on the agenda. For more information, please call the Education Department, 772-7600. Arboretum Branches Out The Shaw Arboretum, the Missouri Botanical Garden’s 2,200-acre nature preserve in Gray Summit, Mo., has been enlarged to include the 220-acre Freund Property, a tract of land purchased and to be developed through the generosity of Garden friends. David Goudy, Arboretum superintendent, said the land and an educational building on the property will be named for Mrs. Adlyne Freund, whose generosity helped make the purchase possible. Assisting in the development of the property, including the building and an interpretive wild flower trail, are Mr. and Mrs. Whitney Harris and their son, Eugene Harris. Mrs. Adlyne Freund, right, with Mr. and Mrs. Whitney Harris. The property, adjacent to the existing Arboretum land, consists of 220 acres of woodland, meadow and a small portion of agricultural acreage. It includes more than a mile of Meramec River frontage with bluffs overlooking the river valley, as well as about a mile of frontage on Brush Creek, an important local tributary of the Meramec. The State of Missouri was able to assist in the purchase by earmarking federal matching funds to pay the Garden for a conservation easement on the property. To be eligible for such matching funds, the Garden agreed to a deed restriction limiting develop- ment or use of the property which would be detrimental to its essentially natural features. A lodge building on the property, extremely rustic and constructed of native stone and wood, will be developed for use in special educational programs, including seminars, teacher workshops and meetings. The land and building will be dedicated in ceremonies to be held this spring, Goudy said. The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN is pub- lished 12 issues per year monthly by the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. $5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign. Dr. Thomas Croat, Collector There are those who mistakenly think of the Herbarium in the John S. Lehmann Building as a place to store parsley, sage, rosemary and thyme. Garden Members and scientists know that the Herbarium houses more than 2.5 million dead, dried, flattened plant specimens from all over the world, in some 47,000 small dark pigeon holes. Many of these specimens are there as a result of the collecting activities of Dr. Thomas Croat, Associate Curator in the Botany Department for the past ten years. But a visit to Dr. Croat’s office, located just off the main Herbarium storage area, is more like atrip toa tropical greenhouse than a museum curator’s quarters. The visitor is Surrounded by the shiny dark green foliage of dozens of “living” plants of the aroid family (Araceae). Dr. Croat has begun an intensive study of the 200 or more Central American species of Anthurium, the largest genus of the aroid family, and he recently collected many of his ‘office plants” as part of that study. Extensive field work is crucial to a proper understanding of Anthurium for several reasons, explained Dr. Croat. Existing herbarium specimens are few, often incomplete, and poorly documented. More, certain characteristics of the plants can only be studied in natural surroundings. Other informa- tion can be obtained from greenhouse-grown plants, but few well documented greenhouse collections exist. In 1976, Dr. Croat spent eight months in Panama and Costa Rica, collecting over 1500 herbarium collections of Araceae. Most of these were Anthur- ium. But because of the special problems involved with studying Anthurium, these are no ordinary herbarium specimens. The succulent nature of many Anthurium species make them particularly difficult to dry. To solve this problem, Dr. Croat designed a portable drying unit, heated by propane gas, which he can transport to the collecting areas as part of a specially-built four-wheel drive vehicle. This equipment makes it possible to collect and dry plants in remote, interesting, and normally inaccessible areas. To fully understand Anthurium, it is necessary to know what the plants look like in three dimensions, so Dr. Croat photographs each collection in black and white, and often in color, before the specimens are dried and pressed. He also makes extensive field notes on each plant. Back at the Herbarium, the notes are incorporated into labels, which are mounted together with the photographs and dried plants on special paper for storage in the Herbarium pigeon holes. For complete documentation, the collector must see each species in flower, but many of the plants Dr. Croat encountered in the field in 1976 were not flowering, SO more than 1200 living collections were made and shipped to St. Louis for additional study. Fortunately, species of Anthurium travel well and >™\ Dr. Thomas Croat. lend themselves to transfer from the tropics. Most are epiphytic — obtain their nourishment from moisture and air — and can be uprooted without being disturbed, withstanding the sometimes harsh treatment of international air freight handling. One shipment was two months in transit, yet afew plants survived and are now growing at the Garden. The Anthuriums recovered quickly from. their international flight and many are now flowering in the Garden’s greenhouses and in Dr. Croat’s office. Observations made during the flowering period of these plants will be incorporated into the published monograph of Anthurium, which is the primary goal of the project. Though the living collections are being used initially to gain a better understanding of the taxonomy of Anthurium, they will also be screened for the horticultural potential and to improve the Garden’s collection of living Araceae. The ease with which Dr. Croat grows many of them in his office augurs well for their eventual introduction into our homes. Those which cannot withstand the rigorous life of house plants may still do well under the more careful care of the Garden’s Horticulture Department. The material sent back in 1976 and during future trips will establish the Garden’s collection of living aroids as the most extensive in the world. Many of the species are new to science and a substantial proportion are cultivated nowhere else. Dr. Croat is now both studying the collections made during 1976 and preparing for additional work this summer. He plans to concentrate this time in southern Mexico and the countries of northern Central America — Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua. Gardening From Ground Up! To those who are interested in down-to-earth gardening but aren’t quite sure whether they'll emerge with green thumbs or just dirty hands: take heart! In March and April, the Garden’s Education Department will sponsor a five-session course in basic gardening called “Gardening from the Ground Up.” The course is an introduction to essential gardening skills and procedures for the beginner, and will cover the sowing of seeds, transplanting of seedlings and the use of sprays and fertilizers. All seeds, growing media and flats will be provided by the Garden, and students will be given about 250 seedlings of flowers and vegetables to take home. Instructors for the course are Kenneth Peck, head of the Education Department, and Charles Tubesing. To serve Garden Members and others, two course sections have been scheduled: Section A will meet from 1 to 2:30 p.m. on successive Tuesdays, from March 22 through April 19; Section B will meet from 7 to 8:30 p.m. on successive Thursdays, March 24 through April 21. Registration for Section B is filled, but those interested in attending the Section A course may register by telephoning the Education Department at 772-7600. The registration fee for Garden Members is $16. Calling All Volunteers! Ninety of the Garden’s generous volunteers have agreed to contribute their time to telephone duty at the Arts and Education Phonathon, scheduled for the first 11 days of March and held to raise funds for the Arts and Education Council. Call-in periods for the Garden are 9:30 to 11 a.m. on Wednesday, March 2; Friday, March 4; and Monday, March 7. Headquarters is the Community Room of Plaza Frontenac, near the south end of the mall at Lindbergh boulevard and Clayton road. Twenty Garden volunteers will solicit pledges at each telephone session and 10 others will be on hand to handle back-up duties and paper work accounts. Thirty will be on hand each of the three mornings for St. Louis “Celebration of the Arts.” The Missouri Botanical Garden is a_ funded member of the Arts and Education Council, which provides needed financial support for many Garden programs and activities. Spring Rose Workshop A Spring Rose workshop will be held on March 28, 31 and April 4 from 10 a.m. until noon in the rose gardens at the Missouri Botanical Garden. A demonstration on how and why to prune, how to spray and improve your soil for top quality rose bloom this season will be conducted by Robert Dingwall, chief horticulturist, assisted by Ben Hill and Al Saxdal, rose experts. 4 Ground Breaking at Stix School The eighth grade at Stix School will be “breaking ground” at the school for a vegetable garden on March 4, under the supervision of the education staff from the Missouri Botanical Garden. Students at Stix School, from the fourth through the eighth grade, are involved in the Investigative Learning Center at the school, the Magnet School program co-sponsored by the St. Louis Public Schools and the Garden. While the eighth graders will be planting their “home grown” vegetables, other Stix children are taking part in other plant investigation activities during March, ranging from a puppet show on growing trees to a mapping of Tower Grove Park. Fourth graders will be at the Garden March 16 fora Spring New Growth Hunt, with a follow-up spring activity in their classroom the next day. March activities for fifth graders include seeing the puppet show, “The Green Machine,” at the Garden, which demonstrates how trees grow. They also will be sowing seeds and discussing photo- synthesis in their classrooms and mapping an area of the Garden. Sixth grade students will map Tower Grove Park on March 24, preparatory to building their own mini-park in their classroom. They will be assisted by Helen Parker and Rick Daley of the Garden’s Ecological Services Department. Magnet School programs will continue through the school year. Victorian Dolls at Tower Grove House Authentic bisque dolls from a century ago, handsomely dressed in Victorian costumes, are on display this month at Tower Grove House. Originally scheduled for February, the doll display was postponed until March after Tower Grove House was closed in February as an energy conservation measure. Now it is ready for spring, resplendent with its Victorian doll collection. which dates from the 1840s to the 1890s. The dolls are the property of a private collector and have never before been on exhibit for the public. “IT MIGHT AS WELL BE SPRING” The Garden has the perfect cure for “spring fever’ — the preview of the Spring Flower Show on Friday, March 18, from 5:00 to 7:30 p.m. in the Floral Display House. The festivi- ties, sponsored by Eagle Marine Industries, Inc. and Lilly Pulitzer of St. Louis, will include informal modeling of men’s, ladies’ and chil- dren’s spring fashions, refreshments, and music by the St. Louis Banjo Club. This annual panorama of colorful wild flowers and peren- nials promises to be a most refreshing exhibit. World Famous Illustrator To Visit Garden In April Leslie Greenwood. Prior to the opening of a major American exhibition of his works at the Hunt Institute in Pittsburgh, world-famous botanical illustrator Leslie Greenwood will be in St. Louis on April 4, 5 and 6 to meet and lecture before Members of the Missouri Botanical Garden. Mr. Greenwood, an Englishman and the illustrator of “Flowers of the World”, will open the April Spring Lecture Series on April 4 and will speak again to Members on April 6. He will bring approximately 12 original paintings which will be on exhibit in the John S. Lehmann Building. During his visit, Mr. Greenwood will describe the delights and difficulties of painting flowers from life around the world, and will discuss some of the technical details of drawing and painting in various media. With original illustrations at hand, he will explain how to compose a balanced picture of flowers, contrasting or harmonious. Interesting and unusual adventures Mr. Green- wood has encountered during his special assign- ments will highlight his lectures. Mr. Greenwood, son of an artist and grandson of an architect, grew up in a world of good drawing. A native of London, he first began to paint flowers seriously while serving with the British Army in the Far East during World War Il. During this period, he painted many of the exotic flowers he encountered while travelling in India, Burma, Malaya and elsewhere, including a trek to the 12,000-foot altitude of the Himalayan foothills. Such paintings generated immediate interest when Mr. Greenwood returned to England, and he was honored with an award by the Royal Horticultural Society. Since then, Mr. Greenwood has received many awards, including the Royal Horticultural Society’s Gold Medal on two occasions. Mr. Greenwood’s paintings are known worldwide and have been reproduced as prints for framing, table mats, calendars, record sleeves, seed packets and in books. He has painted Christmas and other greeting cards for many years, for charities and publishers such as The Medici Society and Royle Publications, Ltd., of London. A Greenwood I//lustration, Rhododendron “Langworth”. “Flowers of the World”, published by Hamlyn and distributed in this country by Crown Publishers, Inc., of New York, was wholly illustrated with color on every page by Mr. Greenwood — a mammoth undertaking which required nearly five years and which included many of his earlier works of flowers from the East. One of Mr. Greenwood’s most recent projects was the designing of a set of 12 bone China plates for the Franklin Mint of Philadelphia, representing the 12 months of the year in mixed flowers and issued as a limited edition. The Pittsburgh exhibition, scheduled for a three- month showing, will include a large number of original paintings from “Flowers of the World.” Swing Into Spring Through the Garde a : na Mrs. Holland Chalfant, Jr., a volunteer buyer for the Garden Gate Shop, examines an oven-to-table dinnerware set decorated with plants and butterflies selected from the finest hand-colored illustrations. jy wry Laminated plastic trays, salad bowl boards are available in either a fern COME TO TI WEDNESDA REFRESHMI The theme is tulips for spring, carried out in color on glassware, trays and ice buckets. nd cheese ttern. To brighten the spring season at the Gar- den Gate Shop, volunteer buyers have travel- led to Eastern markets to purchase unusual and colorful gift items, now on sale. Unique items in the spring line include glassware, plates, lamps, trays and ice buckets, most bearing colorful reproductions of tulips, strawberries and other plants and flowers. One of the most delightful Garden Gate Shop offerings for the spring is a charming collection of finely embossed Ironstone dessert plates. Each of the eight separate decorations features a floral center in delicate, natural colors and an embossed flower petal border. ced --- = --- —_ -_- = — _——_—= pol -—-_—=---. - -=-. jo -- = “= vod == = -_—- - - - _ - = - - - - - | -- -- - = - - - = -- — = -= - = -- - - -*- - - =? - - % ta, To add indoor color for the spring season, Garden Gate Shop buyers have collected an assortment of ceramic lamps with floral or butterfly design. G OPEN HOUSE 1 30 IM 5-9 P.M. Colorful Margaret Smith Handbags from Maine are also among the shop’s spring collection. They are cotton print, taffeta lined and come in a wide variety of prints. Cymbidium Hybrid [Vanda Orchid], one of the many beautiful orchid specimens appearing until March 13 in the Annual Orchid Show in the Climatron, which has drawn thousands of visitors seeking relief from winter doldrums. Japanese Festival To Accompany Garden Dedication In conjunction with the dedication of the Japanese Garden on Thursday, May 5, a Japanese Festival will be held at the Missouri Botanical Garden the weekend of May 7 and 8. Japanese culture will be celebrated in a series of public events, to include music, drama, dance, exhibitions of Samurai swords, horticultural exhibits; workshops for children and teachers, art, films, traditional Japanese food, and other specialty performances. Nearly 10,000 persons attended the Japanese Festival held at the Garden in May, 1976. This year’s Festival will not only be larger than last year’s celebration, with more events and participants, but special tours will be given of the new Japanese Garden, Seiwa-En. Extensive arrangements are underway to facilitate parking, provide shuttle busing and easy access to the Garden. The Japanese Festival is sponsored by the St. Louis Chapter, Japanese American Citizens League, and the St. Louis-Suwa Sister Committee. Supporting organizations for the Japanese Festival are: e Asia Resource Center of the University of Missouri, St. Louis. e Office of International Studies, and the Depart- ment of Chinese and Japanese, of Washington University. e The St. Louis Regional Commerce and Growth Association. ¢ The National Council of Jewish Women, St. Louis Chapter. e The United States Department of Commerce. The Dedication of the Japanese Garden will also mark the opening of World Trade Week, which in St. Louis will focus on Japan. World Trade Week is sponsored by the Regional Commerce and Growth Association, in cooperation with the Department of Commerce. 8 Garden Visit Is “Fantastic” Forlowa U. Student Group Thirty-three members of the lowa State University Horticulture Club visited the Missouri Botanical Garden recently, accompanied by Dr. Paul Domoto, 1.S.U. Assistant Professor of Horticulture and advisor to the club, and Spencer Crews, a first-year student at the university, who worked at the Garden in the summers of 1973 and 1974. The students were met at the Main Gate early ona Sunday morning by Answerman Jack Horner, who conducted a general tour of the Garden. A tour of the greenhouses was arranged by Bob Dingwall, Chief Horticulturist, and a lecture and inspection of the Herbarium was given by Dr. Gerrit Davidse. The group also visited the Library, which contains more than 100,000 volumes and other materials, including many rare botanical works not available anywhere else in the world. The lowa horticulture students were impressed by their visit to the Missouri Botanical Garden. Their club representative, Margo Peitscher, wrote an appreciative letter to Mr. Horner and invited him to visit the lowa State campus and the school’s horticulture greenhouses and horticulture research farm. Excerpts from the letter follow: “We could not decide what was the most impressive part of the tour, since it was all so fantastic. Each area of the Garden has its own history and aesthetic value which we can. all appreciate and learn something from. The botanical garden adds to the total beauty of St. Louis. Many of us were so impressed that | am sure we will be back to visit. “We all envy you a little for being a part of the Missouri Botanical Garden, with its beautiful buildings and walks. “We want to thank you again for the interesting tour. Wonderful people like you help to keep this earth beautiful and more liveable.” lowa State University Horticu/ture Club, on recent Garden visit. The Answerman: Any Questions? When the late George H. Pring retired in the 1960’s after serving the Garden as superintendent for more than 60 years, he returned to the Garden nearly every day and donated his mornings to answering gardening questions for the Friends of the Garden. From this small, informal beginning has come the Garden’s extensive, constantly-growing Answerman service. —. : Dan R. O’Gorman, right, retiring after seven years as a Garden Answerman, receives special plaque for his services from Dr. William M. Klein, the Garden's assistant director. Today, more than 20 volunteers man the Answer- man telephones from March 1 to November 1, and One Answerman, Paul H. Kohl, continues this service year long — five days a week, from 9 a,m, to noon — following his official retirement after 50 years of distinguished Garden service as Superin- tendent of the growing houses and director of flower shows. From March through October, 1976, the Answer- men handled more than 12,000 telephone calls on horticultural questions from St. Louis area gar- deners, including the official state agency, the agricultural extension office. The Answermen are as near as your telephone, but who are they, and where do they come by all that information they obviously have so ready at their fingertips? Answermen are volunteers — retired businessmen and gardeners who during the late fall and winter, from November through February, attend weekly seminars at the Garden to keep abreast of the latest developments in horticulture. Fifteen three-hour sessions, taught by Garden staff members and extension specialists from the University of Missouri College of Horticulture, have just ended for the Answermen. In 1969, George Pring left St. Louis to live with his son-in-law and daughter, Dr. Russell Siebert, director of Longwood Gardens at Kenneth Square, Penn., and Mrs. Siebert. Pring’s departure left vacant the much-needed Answerman slot, so Mark Paddock, then assistant director at the Garden, persuaded members of the Regional Council of Men’s Garden Clubs of America to undertake the Answerman service as a project. At that time retired members of the Webster Groves and Richmond Heights Men’s Garden Clubs volunteered to become Answermen on a five-day a week, 9 a.m. to noon, basis. Inquiries then were averaging between 30 to 40 calls a day. In addition to Dan O’Gorman, members of the original group of volunteers were Clifford Rhoads, Son Fesler, John P. Brown, Jules Gewinner, William Nolti and the late Walter C. Berkemeyer. They were soon joined by Paul Kohl. Many gardeners are also indoor plant growers and need help with their plants during the winter as well as the rest of the year. In recognition of this need, future plans call for year round Answerman service, as well aS an answer by mail service. T.K. Smith, Jr., Re-elected President Of Board of Trustees Tom K. Smith, Jr., who has headed the board for the past 2 years, has been re-elected President of the Missouri Botanical Garden board of trustees. Mr. Smith is Group Vice-President— Operations Staff of the Monsanto Company. Other officers re-elected at the board’s January meeting are Robert R. Hermann, First Vice-Presi- dent; Daniel L. Schlafly, Second Vice-President, and Charles R. Orner, Secretary. Mr. Hermann is President and Board Chairman of Standard Con- tainer Company, Inc. Mr. Schlafly is Chairman of the Board of Arkansas Beverage Company. Mr. Orner is Controller for the Missouri Botanical Garden. Other members of the Board of Trustees are the following St. Louis businessmen: Howard F. Baer, Clarence C. Barksdale, Joseph H. Bascom, Samuel C. Davis, William R. Orthwein, Jr.; A. Timon Primm lll, Warren M. Shapleigh, Sydney M. Shoenberg, ur.; C. C. Johnson Spink and Harry E. Wuertenbaecher, Jr. Ex officio members include Jules D. Campbell, President of the Academy of Science of St. Louis; Dr. William H. Danforth, Chancellor of Washington University; The Rev. Donald E. Mayer of Hope United Church of Christ, President of the Board of Education; and The Honorable John H. Poelker, Mayor of St. Louis. C. Powell Whitehead serves in an advisory capacity to the Board. Honorary Trustees are: The Rt. Rev. William A. Jones, Jr., Episcopal Bishop of Missouri; Leicester Busch Faust and Henry H. Hitchcock. Mr. Schlafly Mr. Smith Mr. Hermann Gardening in St. Louis COLD WEATHER EFFECTS ON PLANTS Due to the severe drought in the area last year, excessive watering in some cases and lack of watering in others, plants were not in good condition when we went into the winter months. With the advent of very cold weather, this has had an adverse effect on many plants. In some cases, such as Magnolia grandiflora, the foliage has browned; likewise with azaleas and some of the hollies. We strongly recommend that no pruning be done or plants removed until warm weather arrives and plants start to break out into leaf growth. In some cases, these plants will lose the foliage and they may have been killed back part way, but will have sufficient vigor to rebreak and come up from the roots. Next month we will make a recommendation as far as further treatment on these plants is concerned. In areas where heavy amounts of salt was used on sidewalks, it is important to get out and water heavily once the weather is warm enough. Saturate the ground thoroughly for an hour or so to leach the salts away from the roots of these plants. If the salt is allowed to remain, it will burn the root system and cause the loss of the plants. Avoid applying fertilizer around any of these areas until plants are back into a good growing condition. Otherwise, additional fertilizer applied to a poor root system can cause further damage to the plants themselves. LAWN CARE Lawns should be very carefully raked, dead grass should be cut low as possible and removed with the bare areas reworked and sown with a good mixture of reliable grass seed. Areas that have had a heavy usage should be aerated as soon as the ground can be worked without compacting it. Top dressing of a good organic matter of lawns is beneficial to build up the organic content and to improve growing conditions. Some of the better bedding varieties to watch for this year are seed grown Geraniums, which are superior to the old forms grown from cuttings. The new seed Geraniums are much more compact and flower very freely over a longer period. Therefore, they are ideal for planting in the St. Louis area. The 1977 All American Winner ‘Showgirl’ is an F1 hybrid Geranium which produces bright rose pink flowers on vigorous compact plants approximately 16 to 18 inches in height. Sprinter Mixture Geraniums are a balanced blend — scarlet, deep red, salmon, and white that flower just a bit later than ‘Showgirl; but do extremely well during the growing season. These types, along with several others, will be available at all garden centers as pot-grown plants this spring for planting out in full sun. Another newcomer, Verbena ‘Springtime Mixture’ is a distinct improvement in the dwarf verbena. It features a wide range of bright spring colors and continues to flower through most of the season, 10 remaining very compact. It is an excellent plant for use in a warm Sunny area. For the semi-shaded positions, Impatiens ‘Futura’ is an excellent strain to plant in semi-shaded areas bearing flowers 11/2 to 2 inches across and plants 8 to 10 inches tall. This one did very well in our trial gardens last year. Marigold ‘Yellow Galore’, a Bronze Medal Winner for 1977, is a semi-dwarf plant bearing large carnation type flowers up to 3% inches across. This flowers heavily throughout the summer. ‘Color Carpet Alyssum’ is a strain of a balanced blend of colors that did extremely well flowering throughout the summer, remaining very compact and free flowering. PATIO GARDENING For the limited-space gardener with only patio or veranda to work from, many dwarf vegetables are available. The miniature tomatoes and cucumbers are only two that respond very well to either basket or container growing plantings. Seed for these should be started early and have the advantage of being able to be moved around in lightweight containers so that they get the full use of the sun throughout the growing season. In selecting vegetable varieties, make sure that they are hybrid vigor and disease resistant; this is important in selecting tomato plant varieties as they are particularly prone to verticillium and fusarium wilt. TREES AND SHRUBS Tree and shrub plantings, including evergreens, should receive special attention this month. If the soil is dry anyway, make Sure that they have plenty of water down to the base of the roots. Plants which were put in last year and received heavy watering may, when leafing out, tend to be chlorotic as far as color is concerned and they may need a feeding of iron and other special types of fertilizer to get them back into good color formation. In warmer weather, some pruning to reshape the plants and to remove dead wood will also be essential. Mulches should be applied on all estab- lished plantings and on new plantings going in this month so as to conserve moisture in the ground and to keep it from compacting. Cleanup of the garden is important as far as insects and disease is concerned and preparing the soil when conditions are right for early starts of cool crop vegetables and other plants later on. — Robert J. Dingwall Chief Horticu/turist Member of The Arts and Education Fund of Greater St.Louis The Beauties of - and danger to - the American Elm The American Elm has been described by bota- nists as the most beautiful tree that grows in the Western Hemisphere. For the enjoyment of its beauty alone, the elm merits the best care you can provide. A large tree is impossible to replace during a person’s lifetime, and large elm trees are well worth extra care to keep them in good condition. To maintain elms in good condition, prevention and therapy are required. Good treatment is avail- able through extensive research by aborists and universities throughout the country. It is important to survey your trees carefully and to watch for any problems which may arise. Dormant spray should be applied sometime in late February before the leaves emerge, as this will help to control many of the insects which can cause damage. Trees should be root fed periodically to help maintain them in good condition. Any dead wood should be removed at regular intervals so as not to be allowed to accumulate. The principal enemy, of course, is Dutch Elm Disease. The disease was first observed in the Netherlands and northern France in 1919, reaching North America about 11 years later. The disease is Caused by a fungus, Ceratocystis ulmi, which grows in the water-connecting parts of the tree, causing water vessels ultimately to cease their function and the tree to die. External symptoms of Dutch Elm Disease can first be noticed on an infected tree in late June or early July. The earliest symptom is a wilting of the leaves on one or more branches. The wilting leaves turn yellow, curl up and then turn brown. This process is known as flagging. The brown leaves may remain on the tree for sometime and the infected branches eventually die back. Internally, the disease is marked in the outer sap wood by long discontinuous brown streaks, a discoloration due to the phenolic substances. Their origin as well as the role of the fungus and their formation, is yet to be clarified. The disease is spread from tree to tree by two species of beetles — the native Elm Bark Beetle and the small European Elm Bark Beetle. These beetles breed in dead or dying elm material and become contaminated by this spore of the fungus. When they fly to healthy elms to feed, they introduce their spores into the healthy tree and, consequently, spread the infection. To date there is no commercially available method of curing the elm tree once it has been attacked by Dutch Elm Disease. However, a number of measures can be taken to help prevent the spread of the disease from infected to healthy trees. One way is to control the two species of beetles which act as vectors. The first step in this controlled process is to follow the very strict quarantine regulations which prevent importation of elm and elm products from other countries. The insecticide, Methoxychlor, may be sprayed on healthy trees to prevent or reduce feeding by disease carrying beetles. This chemical is registered for use against Elm Bark Beetles and should be applied in the spring before the new leaves appear, following the instructions and precautions printed on the label. A second major method of controiling the disease is by sanitation. This involves the rapid removal of infected trees, because dead trees provide a breeding place for beetles, which in turn spread the disease. Recently a new compound has been made avail- able for the effective treatment of elms: Lignasin, a water soluble compound which is injected into the tree throughthe root system or just above ground level by low pressure method. It is recommended that trees should be treated on an annual basis and this spray can be applied anytime during the active growing season. With this material and a good systemic insecticide injected into the tree, good control of the beetles will be achieved and spreading of the disease will be prevented, provided less than 10% of the tree has been infected. The average cost is about $40.00 per tree, depending on how fast it absorbs the amount of liquid, but it is well worth doing, in light of the fact that removal of a large elm tree could cost up to $800. For further information on treatment of your elms, it is suggested that you contact the local arborists for estimates and information on applications for the trees. — Robert J. Dingwall Chief Horticulturist JANUARY 1977 MEMBERSHIPS HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATE Mr./Mrs. James M. Dixon Kare Beale Wells Mr./Mrs. James O. Eaton Mr./Mrs. Seth Eien Mr./Mrs. Keith Fitzgerald Ms. Karen L. Fuchs Mr./Mrs. Carroll Garey Mr./Mrs. P. Wayne Goode Mrs. Harry Greensfelder, Jr. Arthur Hackett Family Mr./Mrs. Robert T. Horner, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Arthur W. Ihms Mrs. Arthur L. Jeude Mr. Dennis Jones Mrs. James T. Jones Mr. Russell H. Jost, Jr. Mr./Mrs. John Kirkpatrick Mr./Mrs. Richard E. Kriegshauser NEW SUSTAINING MEMBERSHIP Mr./Mrs. Kenneth Balk NEW MEMBERSHIPS Mr./Mrs. Ralph Van Allen Mrs. John J. Armbruster Mr./Mrs. William N. Bean Mr./Mrs. Marc J. Benecke Mr./Mrs. Ray A. Bowers Mr./Mrs. Adrian L. Boyer Ms. Jeannee Brave Mr./Mrs. Cecil W. Browning Mr./Mrs. John Bruemmer Mr./Mrs. Robert V. Coleman Mrs. Judith Laing Mr./Mrs. John S. Conant Mr./Mrs. Carl H. Larson Mr./Mrs. James P. Connaughton Miss Rosemary Lawler Mr./Mrs. Clifton O. Crews Miss Constance P. Meech Mr./Mrs. Arthur G. Dickie Ms. Cynthia L. Merrell Mr./Mrs. Fred Dickman Mr. Robert G. Metcalfe, Jr. 11 Mr./Mrs. George L. Diehl Mr./Mrs. Donald Dixon Mr./Mrs. Donald L. Meierant Mr./Mrs. Michael Molitoris Mr./Mrs. David Moreno Mr. Leo Nau, Jr. Mr. DeMoy W. Schulz Mr./Mrs. John A. Semmelmeyer Mr. Michael Sharpe Mr./Mrs. Irving A. Shepard Mr./Mrs. Stanton C. Sherman Mr. Michael Sneden Mr./Mrs. Robert H. Waterston Mr./Mrs Mr./Mrs. Walter J. Weihe Mr./Mrs Mr./Mrs. C. D. Yost Mr./Mrs Mr./ Mrs INCREASE IN MEMBERSHIPS Dr. / Mrs. Ms. Nan . Paul T. Dowling . Edward B. Greensfeld . W. R. Horlocker .M. A. Jones M. K. King cy Lewis Mr./Mrs. Edward Newsome Mr./Mrs. Dennis L. Novotny Mr./Mrs. M. Obermeyer Dr./Mrs. Edward Okun Miss Dorothy Osterwald Mr./Mrs. Paul B. Otten Mr./Mrs. Gwynn L. Parrott Mr./Mrs. Maurice Plumer Mr. Charles F. Pollnow Dr./Mrs. Reese H. Potter Mr./Mrs. David Reik Miss Bernice Snelson St. Louis Nature Study Society Mr./Mrs. Philip Sultz Mr./Mrs. Charles P. Swan Mr./Mrs. Richard R. Taylor Miss Rosemarie Thenhaus Mildred L. Thompson Dr./Mrs. Henry P. Thym Mr. Eugene Tittmann Mr./Mrs. Thom. H. Wadlund Mr. Glenn Walter SPONSORING SUSTAINING Mr./Mrs. August H. Hummert, III Mrs. George P. Gebhart Mr./Mrs. Downing B. Jenks Mr CONTRIBUTING Mr./Mrs. Sterling J. Alexander Mr./Mrs. Saul Brodsky Mr./Mrs. William Mueller Mrs. William H. Petering Dr./Mrs. S. L. Post Mr./Mrs. John B. Prentis, Ill Mr./Mrs. W. E. Remmert Mr./Mrs. George H. Schlapp ./Mrs. John G. Shadle Mr./Mrs. Eugene H. Stifel Mr./Mrs. Thomas A. Taylor TRIBUTES JANUARY 1977 In Honor of Mr./Mrs. |. Kay’s 30th Anniversary Joe and Ruth Pollak In Memory of Sterling P. Barron Belle Coeur Garden Club In Memory of Mrs. Marion Rombauer Becker Louise C. Ittner In Memory of Mrs. Charles J. Brecht Irene Steinman Vi Taylor In Memory of Rose Breckenridge Mrs. Charles J. Moore, Jr. In Memory of Mrs. F. Baker DeCamp Mary Elizabeth Bascom Mrs. Cecilia D. Carson Mrs. Philip H. Godfrey Mead Paper Group Hobart Brothers Employee Recreational Benefits Mr./Mrs. Robert Krehbiel Albert F. Polk Richard / Paula Sheese In Memory of Mr. Dudley French Dr./Mrs. Peter Raven In Memory of Mrs. S.E. Freund’s Father Mr./Mrs. Ellis C. Littmann In Memory of Mrs. Laura Fries Mr./Mrs. A. Sherwood Lee In Memory of Mrs. Tillie Held Mrs. J. H. Harper In Memory of Marie Elizabeth Herdlein Mr./Mrs. Ralph L. Smith In Memory of Mr. L. Earl Kroeger Mrs. J. W. Flaig In Memory of Robert F. Mathews William H. Charles In Memory of Mrs. Julia Maehl Don / Wanda Dill In Memory of Ray Nesmith Matthew / Dorothy Klasskin In Memory of Mrs. Susie Peterson Mrs. Myrtle Bauer Mrs. Al Bolfing Coral Belles Garden Club Mrs. Mildred Eskridge Dorothy Ebes Glendale Street Dept. Irma & Bryon Greve Mr./Mrs. Russell Moll Miss Marian Reid Mr./Mrs. Bert B. Ruler Mrs. Frances Schwarzenbach In Memory of Peter Schandorff’s Grandmother Darlene G. Thornhill In Memory of Mrs. Raymond C. Sheets Raymond C. Sheets and Family In Memory of Catherine Wade’s Grandmother Darlene G. Thornhill In Memory of Mrs. William A. White, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Arthur P. Cooper, Jr. Mr./Mrs. James R. Gimblett In Memory of Georgia Wittich Rose Society Greater St. Louis In Memory of Mr. Lino Conz Mrs. William H. Schield In Memory of Conrad Pinckert Mr./Mrs. Joseph Kraus MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 2345 Tower Grove Avenue Saint Louis, Missouri 63110 SECOND CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT ST. LOUIS, MO. Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin A Shaw Summer The Pitzman Summer Nature Program, a Garden tradition, will again include a variety of summertime activities for children, parents and teachers. A three-week course, tentatively scheduled to be- gin June 15, is designed to help teachers learn the use of plants as educational tools and the natural world as a setting for instruction. The teacher’s course, held both at the Garden and the Shaw Arboretum in Gray Summit, Mo., can be taken for college credit through Webster College. The Green Machine, a week-long course for chil- dren aged eight through 14, is tentatively scheduled for July 18-22 and August 1-5. Divided into small groups, participating children will take part in a wide variety of horticultural experiences, including sowing seeds, constructing terrariums and designing a bonsai specimen. A special activity is planned for older partici- pants: an overnight experience in the Garden’s own tropical rain forest — the Climatron. A four-day family program, designed to promote sharing and informal learning, is tentatively scheduled for July 5-8. Participants will build a family terrar- ium, play a survival game in the Desert House and hold a viewing party in the new Japanese Garden. Variety is the Spice of Arboretum Summer Program Summer programs at the Shaw Arboretum, fo- cused on the development of personal relationships with the natural world, will this year include two parent-child programs, two sessions of the Natural Awareness Program, an advanced Natural Awareness Program and two canoe trips on the Meramec River. As in the past, small program groups will provide each participant with close attention from an Arbore- tum staff member. Highlights of the summer activities eg ee 7 John Doty, of the Arboretum staff, conducts a children’s awareness program amid the natural beauty of the four-square-mile Arboretum in Gray Summit, Mo. Pine plantings, upper right, abound at the Arboretum. will include optional overnight experiences for older groups, walking the Bush Creek, personal magic spots and assorted adventures. A full schedule of summer activities, with details, will be announced at a later date. For further information on the summer programs, contact the Garden’s Education Department at 772-7600, extension 54, and the Arboretum, exten- sion 81. Volume LXV Number 4 April 1977 Crane Island Contributors More than 100 garden clubs, members of the East Central District, Federated Garden Clubs of Missouri, have contributed nearly $4,000 to make possible the construction of Crane Island in the new Japanese Garden develop- ment. The Japanese Garden will be dedicated May 5. The Garden wishes to thank these generous groups for their support of the project. The clubs include: NORTH ZONE SOUTH ZONE CENTRAL ZONE FLORISSANT FEDERATION GREEN TREE COUNCIL BRENTWOOD ASSOCIATION BELLERIVE ACRES CONCORD BELLE COEUR BELLEVIEW PARK FELICIA (Memorial — Betty Szabo) BLACK JACK OAKS FOREST HAVEN (Memorial — Mae Risberg) BLUEBELL CLAN GATEWAY BENNETT HILLS BON COEUR GENERAL GRANT HILLS BETTER GARDEN CLUBS OF CASTLEREAGH GREENBRIAR HILLS GREATER ST. LOUIS EVERGREEN (North) HAWBROOK BRENTWOOD #2 FAIR ACRES HEATHER HEIGHTS (Periwinkle) FERGUSON IRIS CHESTERFIELD FOUNDERS CIRCLE KIRKWOOD KULTIVATORS CLAYTON #1 FOUR SEASONS KIRKWOOD #5 CLAYTON #2 FUN AND FLOWERS LADYBUG CLAYTON #3 GARDEN VIEWERS LADY SLIPPERS CLAYTON #4 HARMONY CIRCLE MAKESHIRE #1 CLAYTON #5 HATHAWAY PARK MATTESE MEADOWS CLAYTON #6 HORTICULTURAL STUDY CLUB OAKCREST CLAYTON #7 LAKE JAMES MANOR PEBBLE HILLS CLAYTON #8 MIGNONETTE (BISSELL HILLS) PETUNIA COUNTRY HILL NORTHFIELD GARDENERS SEEDERS AND WEEDERS CREVE COEUR NORTHGATE ESTATES SHREWSBURY DELMAR OLD FARM SHREWSBURY WILD ROSE FORSYTHIA OLD TRAIL SOUTH KIRKWOOD FOUR WINDS HALLAWAY SUNSET HILLS FRONTENAC CAPITOL HILL PADDOCK HILLS PASADENA LYNN BROOK TOWN SOUTH THE EXHIBITORS GARDEN APPRECIATION GARDEN GUILD GENESEO HILLS PINE TREE HONEYSUCKLE TOWNE SOUTH 41 GLAN TAI PRIMROSE WEBSTER GROVES #4 KEHRS MILL VIEW ROBINWOOD TERRACE WEBSTER GROVES #5 MAPLE LEAF SAN FERNANDO SPRIG AND TWIG SUNNYSIDE TALISMAN THISTLE AND RUE VALLEY OF FLOWERS VILLAGE WOODBINE WEBSTER GROVES #6 WEBSTER GROVES #9 WEBSTER GROVES #10 WEBSTER GROVES #20 WEBSTER GROVES RIVER VALLEY ROCK HILL #1 ROCK HILL #2 ROCK HILL PLANTERS ST. LOUIS COUNTY WESTBURY MANOR OAKTREE FARM RIVER OAKS SEEDERS & CEDARS Other contributors to Crane Island include: FEDERATED GARDEN CLUBS OF MISSOURI, HAZEL KNAPP TALK,(May 1976,) THELKA & EDW. J. NEUNER. Crane Island, in a rendering by Professor Koichi Kawana, assistant professor of art and /ecturer in environmental design and landscape architecture at UCLA, and designer of the new Japanese Garden. Acclimatization Weekend A weekend workshop in Acclimatization, designed to help the participant build a sense of relationship with the natural world, will be sponsored April 29-May 1 by the Shaw Arboretum in Gray Summit, Mo. Steve Van Matre, lecturer and author of Acc/ima- tization and Acclimatizing, will be in charge of the program. The workshop will provide an intensive in- troduction to the Acclimatization approach to nature, beginning with an evening session scheduled for 7:30 to 9:30 p.m. Friday, April 29, in the John S. Leh- mann Building of the Missouri Botanical Garden. Sessions on Saturday, from 9 a.m. to 8:30 p.m., and on Sunday, from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. will be held in the Adlyne Freund Education Center at the Arbore- tum, 35 miles southwest of St. Louis. A workshop fee of $60 includes three catered meals at the Arboretum and all materials. Space is limited and those interested are encouraged to enroll early by calling the Arboretum at 772-7600, exten- sion 81. Mr. Van Matre is currently a member of the facul- ty of George Williams College and is director of the Acclimatization Experiences Institute. He maintains an active schedule lecturing and teaching workshops throughout the United States and Canada. Tower Grove Auxiliary Schedules First Event The first event sponsored by the Tower Grove House Auxiliary, a box lunch and tour of the 19th century mansion, has been scheduled for noon to 2 p.m. Saturday, April 19, on the Tower Grove House lawn. It was in January when five volunteers braced the cold and snow to meet with Alice Lynch, Tower Grove House manager, to form the new Auxiliary. The organization has a two-fold purpose: to stimulate public interest in the House and to plan money- making projects to benefit Tower Grove House. Mrs. L.G. Akers and Mrs. Erwin Briehan were chosen as co-chairman of the Auxiliary. Mrs. J. Edgar Lumpkin is recording secretary and Mrs. Robert M. Siegmund is assistant recording secretary. Other members of the organization are Mrs. Bernard R. Blume, Mrs. W.L. Crowder, Mrs. Edward Grace, Mrs. Pierre Grace, Mrs. Edward W. Hill, Mrs. G.K. Phoenix, Mrs. Robert Chapman, Mrs. Victor A. Silber, Mrs. Donald L. Freeman, Mrs. William E. Barnes and Mrs. Thomas W. Shields. The $5 price of the box lunch includes a tour of Tower Grove House and a “‘surprise’”’ for each partici- pant. Reservations should be made before April 15, to the Tower Grove House Auxiliary, in care of the Garden. In the event of inclement weather, the box lunch will be served in the Museum Building. Orchids Lend Exotic Beauty to Asian Ceramics at Art Museum The exotic flowers that grow with ease and pro- fusion in the sultry tropics of Indonesia — orchids — will be used in abundance at the St. Louis Art Muse- um later this month to provide an appropriate setting for display of Southeast Asian ceramics. The intricate and delicate beauty of orchids from the Missouri Botanical Garden will enhance the orien- tal ceramics, brought to St. Louis by The Asia Society. The unusual exhibition, cosponsored by the Mis- sour! Botanical Garden and the Art Museum, opens on April 28 with a special preview for members of the Garden and friends of the Museum. The Garden’s orchid display will remain on exhibit through May 9. A special Garden Members’ tour of the exhibition is scheduled for Wednesday, May 4. Accompanied by a museum guide, a bus will leave the Garden at 10 a.m. for the art museum, where the group will be escorted through the exhibition by museum docents. Following the tour, sherry will be served in the meet- ing room at 11:30 a.m., followed by luncheon at the museum. The cost for the tour, including luncheon, is $6.75. For reservations, please, call the Members’ Of- fice, 772-7600. Members of the Garden, as well as Friends of the Art Museum, are invited to a preview of the exhibit on April 28, from 7 to 10 p.m. The ceramics exhibit will feature more than 100 fine examples of highly sophisticated ceramic art, from the areas now known as Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam, collected by Dean F. Frasche on many trips to the Malay penin- sula since 1937. For the preview, shuttle service will be provided from the lighted parking lot at Government and Cricket Drives, next to the handball courts in Forest Park, to the art museum, during the three hours of the preview party. The exhibition was organized by Asia House Gal- lery, New York, and Dean Frasche. It is supported by grants from the National Endowment for the Arts and the National Endowment for the Humanities, both federal agencies; the Andrew Mellon Foundation and the Ralph E. Ogden Foundation. The Garden on the Air From 10:02 to 10:26 p.m. on the first Sunday of every month, the Missouri! Botanical Garden is on the air — with KSD radio programs conducted by Robert Dingwall, the Garden’s chief horticulturist. The schedule: April 6 — ‘’The Japanese Garden,”’ with Pro- fessor Koichi Kawana, designer and architect of the Japanese Garden, Assistant Professor of Art and lecturer in environmental design at UCLA. La 3 NIHON: THE WORLD OF THE JAPANESE CHILD In the spirit of Children’s Day, the Japanese holi- day devoted to children, a day of special activities for children, their parents and teachers has been sched- uled for Saturday, May 7, at the Missouri Botanical Garden. Nihon: The World of the Japanese Child is a program sponsored by the Suwa Sister City Commit- tee in cooperation with the Japanese American Citi- zens League. The day’s activities will include participatory workshops, live performances, films, tours of the Japanese Garden and a display of artwork created by the children of St. Louis and Suwa, our Japanese Sis- ter City. The philosophy of this program is expressed by the ancient Chinese proverb — ‘‘Tell me, | forget. Show me, | remember. Involve me, | understand.” Thus, Nihon: The World of the Japanese Child will allow children and adults to experience Japanese cul- ture by hearing, seeing and doing things Japanese. Volunteers from the St. Louis Section, National Council of Jewish Women, the Asia Resource Center of the University of Missouri-St. Louis, the Suwa Sis- ter City Committee and the Japanese American Citi- zens League will conduct workshops in ikebana (flow- er arranging) and flower pressing, woodblock cutting and printing, origami, puppetry and mythology, song and dance, haiku and kitemaking. These workshops will give children and teachers a preview of the learning activities incorporated in the forthcoming National Council of Jewish Women’s free travelling children’s exhibit on Japanese culture. The day’s program will also feature several live performances. Andrew T. Tsubaki, Director, Interna- tional Theatre Studies Center, University of Kansas, and several of his students will provide St. Louisans a rare Opportunity to view performances of classical dance, theatre and a demonstration of style make-up. Other performances will include the martial arts and dancing by the Sakura Dancers. Participants must register in advance for the tours and all workshops except song and dance. Some workshops require a small fee for materials. Call Kathy Pierson at 453-5521 for a brochure with schedule of events and registration information. 4 Members’ Day On Friday, May 6, a special Members’ Day will be held to celebrate the official opening of the new Japa- nese Garden, Se/wa-En. From 3 p.m. to 6:30 p.m., guides will be sta- tioned at various points of interest throughout the Japanese Garden to provide informative talks. A Japa- nese Tea Ceremony, ‘‘Cha No Yu,” will be presented by Mrs. Kikue Shirasaki Atkins at 3:45 p.m. Following this, there will be a series of perform- ances by students from the University of Kansas In- ternational Theatre Studies Center, led by Professor Andrew T. Tsubaki. The program will include Kyogen-style and No-style dancing, a fighting se- quence, and a demonstration of applying Kabuki style make-up. Special refreshments will be served and a commemorative gift will also be available for our Members. Subtropical Treasures of Japan From April 16 to May 15: the Climatron will be the site of a self-guiding tour of subtropical plants of Japan. More than three dozen plants native to that country will be featured on the tour, which celebrates the dedication of the Japanese Garden, on May 5. Guide leaflets will be available, providing visitors with the names — Japanese, English and scientific — of each plant as well as information on where it may still be found growing wild in Japan. Among those plants which will be seen on the tour are the loquat, shell ginger, sweet olive, holly fern, creeping fig, crinum lily, and wax plant. The Century Plant and its Kin The Desert House from April 9 through April 24: will feature an exhibit of the genus Agave, to which the century plant belongs. Most of the Garden's collec- tion of over forty different agaves will be on display. The exhibit, which will be located in the western end of the Desert House, will focus on the economic im- portance of this interesting group of American succu- lents. In addition to being highly decorative, these spiny-leaved plants have provided man with a wealth of important products, ranging from binding twine to a national beverage. Information regarding their avail- ability and suitability for home culture will also be presented. The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN is pub- lished 12 issues per year monthly by the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. $5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign. Biblical Plants of the Mediterranean Plants cited in the Bible will be displayed in an unusual self-guiding tour from April 2 through May 1 in the Mediterranean House at the Missouri Botanical Garden. In all, about two dozen Biblical plants will be included on the tour. Guide leaflets will be available, providing visitors with the Biblical name, modern common name and scientific name of each plant, as well as one or more references to it in the Bible. Especially, Old Testament quotations will be em- phasized, from the Books of Genesis, Exodus, Deuter- onomy and Isaiah, in observance of Passover, April 3 — April 10, and Easter, April 10. New Testament quotations are taken from the synoptic Gospels and Revelations. Among plants to be seen on the tour are the rose of sharon, balm of Gilead, crown of thorns, hyssop, myrrh, camphire, gopher wood, nettle, pomegranate, wormwood, cypress, fig and olive trees, sources of bitter herbs, lilies of the field, and grape vines. Identifying labels for the Biblical plants will in- clude information as to how the plants were used by Biblical man. The carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua), for example, a member of the pea family, produces a pod which was not only edible but was used as a unit of weight and measure. The word “‘carat’’ is a derivation, and is used in measuring precious gems. In the dis- play, the carob represents the ‘‘husks’’ of the Bible. The Mediterranean House simulates the mediter- ranean climate — cool moist winters and hot dry sum- mers — in which these plants have their origin. “A bell and a pomegranate, a bell and a pomegranate, round about the hem of the robe to minister in; as the Lord commanded Moses.” (Exodus 39:24-26). Pomegranate — Punica granatum (Punicaceae) jn flower in the Mediterranean House. Garden to Host AABGA Conference From April 21 through 25, the Garden will be the host institution for the annual meeting of the Ameri- can Association of Botanical Gardens and Arboreta (AABGA), the only professional organization which represents botanical gardens, arboreta, educational in- stitutions and garden centers involved with public horticulture, The theme of the 1977 AABGA conference will be ‘‘Master Plans; What Has the Architect in Store for You?” Principal speakers scheduled to address the con- ference sessions include Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director; Professor Koichi Kawana, lecturer in envi- ronmental design and landscape architecture at UCLA and designer of the new Japanese Garden; Elizabeth Scholtz, director of the Brooklyn (N.Y.) Botanical Garden; and Dr. Howard Irwin, director of the New York Botanical Garden. Conference activities will include sessions at the Clayton Inn in Clayton and tours of the Garden, the Shaw Arboretum in Gray Summit and special gardens in the St. Louis area. Registration fee for the total conference package, including all meals and tours, is $172.75; registration fee only is $70.00. The fee for registration on a daily basis is $20.00, and students will be admitted at a special rate. For information, call 772-7600, ext. 20. Children Again Benefit from Schlafly Grant Thousands of St. Louis public school children again will be able to participate in education pro- grams at the Garden in 1977, because of a support grant contributed to the Garden by Mr. and Mrs. Daniel L. Schlafly. Mr. Schlafly, St. Louis businessman and civic leader, is second vice president of the Garden’s Board of Trustees. He is also a member of the St. Louis Board of Education and serves as chairman of the St. Louis University Board of Trustees. The Schlafly grant, instituted in 1976 but con- tinued for the current year, covers the admission and material costs for school children and teachers to attend more than 40 separate educational programs during the year. The programs include plant science lectures, workshops on plant identification, horticul- ture and investigation, and guided tours of both the Garden and the Shaw Arboretum at Gray Summit, Mo. Between February and May of 1976 — under the Schlafly grant — more than 55,000 public school chil- dren participated in Garden education programs, compared to 14,000 in 1975, before the grant pro- gram was in effect. 3) Flora of Peru In Amazonian Peru, there are no roads and vir- tually all travel is by boat along the Amazon River and its tributaries. Drenchings and engine malfunc- tion are everyday occurences. Climbing a vine is often the method of collecting botanical specimens. And the landscape is shared by such inhabitants as piranha fish, Amazon sting rays and electric eels. But Amazonian Peru is also nearly synonymous with botanical diversity, and the Garden is there. The National Science Foundation recently an- nounced a $38,200 grant for the continued support of a project entitled ‘’Floristics of Amazonian Peru,” under the direction of Dr. Al Gentry of the Garden's Botany Department. A cooperative enterprise of the Garden and the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago, the project will lead to completion of a pub- lished countrywide Flora of Peru, the first 20th Cen- tury Flora for any South American country. Tynnanthus villosus, a new species of the Bignoniaceae, trumpet creeper family, described by Dr. Gentry in 1976. The grant will support the second year of a three- year period of investigation, which emphasizes plant- collecting in Amazonia, botanically the country’s richest but least known region. Dr. Gentry, a specialist in the taxonomy and floristics of tropical plants, was in the field in Peru in January-February and June-July of 1976, and left St. Louis this past February for additional specimen col- lection there. Also engaged in collecting herbarium specimens is a Peruvian botanist, Juan Revilla, who works from the Garden's laboratory facility in Iquitos. Botanists from a number of other institutions, both in the 6 United States and abroad, are also collaborating on the project. The Amazonian region of Peru is not extensively explored and many of the plant species being col- lected have already proved ‘‘new to science.”’ It is hypothesized that during Pleistocene climactic fluctu- ations, Amazonian Peru provided a major refugium for rain forest plants. If this is so, many evolutionari- ly important relict species with restricted distribu- tions may be discovered during the course of botani- cal explorations there. In light of such botanical potential, a few annoy- ances — such as sting rays and electric eels — become unimportant amid the excitement of collecting plants in this little known botanical treasurehouse. Spring Lecture Series Continues The second part of the spring Lecture Series for Garden Members, ‘‘Potpourri of Presentations,” will be held on four April Wednesdays, beginning April 6. Due to ill health, Leslie Greenwood, famous bo- tanical illustrator of ‘‘Flowers of the World,” will not be able to come to St. Louis from England for his scheduled lectures at the Garden. On April 6 at 8 p.m., Members will hear a com- prehensive overview of the gardening year to be given by Robert Dingwall, chief horticulturist at the Gar- den. He will speak on ‘‘The Four Seasons Garden Technique.” The rest of the series is as follows: April 13, “Arnold Arboretum’ — a superb film introduction to one of the great garden treasures of the United States. The diverse educational and re- search activities of Harvard University’s large arbore- tum are explained, with a look at horticultural and botanical work rarely examined in film. Students of science and ecology, as well as anyone concerned about the natural environment, will find this an inter- esting and useful film about a 100-year old ‘‘museum for threes’’ designed by famous landscape artist, Frederick Law Olmstead; ‘Poisonous Plants’’ — a film on the 300 species of harmful plants known to exist in America, in your garden, or in your kitchen. The simple safety rules offered in this film are a valuable aid in avoiding the common plants that may cause harm. April 20, “‘Living Gardens of Longwood,” “Orchids of Longwood Gardens,”’ ‘‘Waterlilies of Longwood Gardens”’ and ‘‘Chrysanthemums’’ — four outstanding films reflecting the botanical beauty of the Longwood Gardens at Kenneth Square, Penn. April 27, ‘Afghanistan: Landscapes and Gardens” by Tamra Engelhorn Raven. Afghanistan, in Central Asia, where East and West have met since before the time of Alexander the Great, is also the homeland of many of the wild relatives of both cultivated plants and domesticated animals. The Persian Garden, with its roots in the West, and the sacred grove from the East, both occur in Afghanistan. State Park Study In the fall of 1976, the Ecological Services De- partment conducted an inventory of the natural re- sources of St. Joe State Park, Flat River, to assist in the master planning of this recent addition to the state park system. St. Joe Minerals Corporation donated the 8,500-acre Flat River mining tract to the State of Missouri last September, after a century on the site of what at one time was the largest lead mine in the world. The lead mining operations have since moved to Viburnum in the New Lead Belt. Later, the Department of Natural Resources awarded Team Four, a St. Louis planning and design firm, a contract to design the park master plan. Under a $10,000 subcontract with Team Four, the Garden provided a vegetation map and interpretation of the park’s natural resources. Dr. William M. Klein served as project director and Richard H. Daley as director of field studies. The contract was managed by Helen Sussmann Parker and Dr. David Spellman was respon- sible for the plant collections, identifications, and much of the field vegetation mapping. Dr. David Spellman, eonaitan. ene in the field as part of a St. Joe State Park natural resources inventory conducted by the Garden’s Ecological Services Department. The park’s topography is diverse, and eight dis- tinct plant communities were described and mapped during the field study. Wildlife habitat was evaluated, and the fish fauna in several small lakes was sampled to provide an indicator of water quality. The survey concluded that the park flora is typical of the north- ern Ozarks, and that the water quality appears to be high. The park includes an Ozark pinery where short- leaf pine and red and white oaks form a tall, dense canopy in one of the most scenic of the site’s plant communities. The mining history of the park land resulted ina most unique landscape feature — more than 1000 acres of sand-like waste from the lead extraction pro- cess. The reclamation of this flat, open area was be- gun by St. Joe Minerals Corporation. Their efforts created an extremely interesting plant association which has begun to resemble a sand prairie, a grass- land community which is naturally found west of Missouri, especially in the central Great Plains. Team Four has made an analysis of the outdoor recreation demands which might be served by the new park and, in conjunction with Anselevecius- Rupe, architects, is reviewing the feasibility of crea- ting a mining museum in one or more of the original mine buildings. Sverdrup Corporation, engineers, is also working on the project, examining engineering constraints which might affect park development. These data and those from the natural systems survey conducted by the Garden will be used to develop the master plan for the Missouri Department of Natural Resources. The Ecological Services Department staff is continuing to provide consultation on the biologi- cal and ecological features of this park site, so that the survey will provide a good basis for land use deci- sions which will capitalize on the many opportunities available at the new St. Joe State Park. CANADIAN ROCKIES TOUR JUNE 12 — JUNE 20, 1977 Nine days filled with breathtaking scenes of mountain grandeur and brilliant floral displays. Total cost of the tour is $979.00, which includes round trip airfare, private motor coach transpor- tation, a// meals, sharing twin bedroom with bath, sightseeing, admissions, taxes, transfers, es- cort, luggage handling and a $50.00 tax deduc- tible contribution to the Garden. Don’t miss this Opportunity to enjoy the scenic beauty of the Canadian Rocky Mountains. Space is limited. AUTUMN IN NEW ENGLAND An autumn excursion into the pristine New England countryside and including a number of historic sites has been planned for Garden Mem- bers from September 25 through October 2. Natural wonders included in the itinerary are the Adirondack Mountains, the Green Moun- tains, the White Mountains and the Berkshires, Lake George, Lake Champlain and the region’s rockbound coastal areas. Cities to be toured in- clude Gloucester, Boston, Lexington and Con- cord, Massachusetts. Cost of the excursion is $723 (single occu- pancy), $635 (twin) or $612 (triple). For addi- tional information, please contact the Members Office at 772-7600, extension 25. Garden Visitors Members of the National Life- stock Feeders tour Tower Grove House during a recent Garden visit. Some 400 NLF members were in the group. The Desert House drew members of the Archives of American Artists, who toured the Garden while attending a national conference in St. Louis. Flower Sunday at Christ Church Cathedral / “Flower Sunday,’ the annual religious service at Christ Church Cathedral established at the bequest of Henry Shaw, has been scheduled this year for Sun- day, April 24, with the sermon to be delivered by Neil H. Porterfield, president of HOK Associates. Since 1890, one Sunday each year has been selected as ‘’Flower Sunday,’ according to the wishes stated in Mr. Shaw’s will, that a sermon be preached ‘“‘“on the wisdom and goodness of God as shown in the growth of flowers, fruits and other products of the vegetable Kingdom.” Mr. Shaw asked also that the Cathedral be decor- ated for the day with flowers taken from the Missouri Botanical Garden. CALDER SCULPTURE AT GARDEN Five Rudders, an Alexander Calder sculpture on loan from the Steinberg Gallery at Washing- ton University, will be on display April 1 through October 31 in the Lily Pool near the Garden’s Main Gate. Scientists Present Book to Garden Dr. Frans A. Stafleu of the University of Utrecht, the Netherlands, and Dr. Richard S. Cowan of the Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution, have presented a copy of their book — ‘’Taxonomic Litera- ture,’ Vol. 1, Second Edition — to the Missouri Bo- tanical Garden. The two scientists, who conducted the major por- tion of the book's research work at the Garden, were in St. Louis for the presentation and additional re- search work. The Garden’s library is one of the most extensive botanical research resources in the world, the reposi- tory of more than 300,000 books and other mate- rials. To prepare their book, Drs. Stafleu and Cowan have visited the Garden library twice a year for the past three years. Dr. Frans Stafleu of the Netherlands, left, and Dr. Richard Cowan of the Smithsonian Institution review rare book resources in the library. Seeing Green If your Bulletin has been tagged with a green sticker, it is a reminder that your membership has expired. We want you to continue to receive all mem- bership benefits, especially the Bulletin, so the sticker is attached after renewal letters are sent out. Should you continue to receive green-stickered Bulletins after you have renewed, please understand there is a time lag involved in updating our membership lists, and the actual mailing date of the Bulletin. The Members’ office updates the membership list daily. So if you have any questions, please, don’t hesi- tate to contact the Members’ office. —Nancy Lammers Executive Secretary Members of the Garden Garden Library Hears Opportunity Knocking In recent weeks, the Garden library has been of- fered several opportunities to purchase certain valu- able items that would serve to strengthen portions of its research collections. Donors are needed to help underwrite all or part of the cost of three items in particular: Research Catalog of the Library of the American Museum of Natural History. This set of thirteen vol- umes reproduces in book form the library catalog of one of the greatest book and journal collections on natural history in the United States, listing some 300,000 volumes, as well as the Museum’s collections of rare books, manuscripts, pamphlets, visuals, and letters. The addition of this important reference tool to the Missouri Botanical Garden Library would greatly facilitate the Garden’s research efforts by pro- viding us with access to the bibliographic records of another major research collection. Portrait and Manuscript Collection. A rare and irreplaceable collection of portraits and manuscript materials relating to the history of European botany from the sixteenth through the nineteenth centuries has been made available to the library. The portraits in this collection, which would be added to our exist- ing portrait collection, include engravings of botanists and natural historians both famous and obscure, in- cluding such notables as Captain James Cook and Alexander von Humboldt. The manuscripts include autograph letters, holographic lecture notes, and manuscript drafts of articles by eleven different nine- teenth and twentieth centure botanists, including Sir William Jackson Hooker, once director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; and Karl Friedrich Philipp von Martius, whose F/ora Brasiliensis (15 vols, 1840-1906) remains one of the most important bo- tanical studies of Latin America. Paintings from Nootka Sound. |n 1792, as part of the continuing dispute between Spain and England over possession of portions of what is now Washing ton and British Columbia, the Spanish throne author- ized an expedition to Nootka Sound under Captain Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra. As well as having a political motivation, the expedition was charged with scientific exploration as well, and an accompanying botanist and a staff of artists produced descriptions of plants discovered along the Pacific coast, and paintings of these plants as well. The li- brary has the opportunity to acquire two of these Original watercolors for inclusion in the Garden’s col- lection of important scientific illustrations. Contributions for any of these materials are tax deductible. Anyone wishing to donate toward the ac- quisition of these items is invited to contact Dr. Peter H. Raven or the Head Librarian, James Reed. 2 Gardening in St. Louis WINTER DAMAGE Results of the winter damage, particularly the freezing back of plants, becomes a major concern this month. Where flower buds have been frozen, wait until the plant starts making actual growth, and re- move all material back to the areas where growth emerges. If the cuts are %-inch or more, use a good tree paint over the cut to help prevent decay from setting in. Hollies, which have been frozen back severely, in many cases will rebreak near the ground level. They will make good growth, however, provided they are kept properly watered and mulched over the spring. All dead wood, of course, should be removed. The new growth coming will be superior in most cases to plant replacements, unless you are able to find local winter hardy plants that were not damaged severely. Rhododendrons on an east or south exposure may be frozen back. They need protection from the southwest winds particularly. It helps to locate them on the north side of a building, out of the winter sun. CORRECTIVE PRUNING Partly damaged plants may need corrective prun- ing to reshape them, requiring the removal of some good growth which was not affected. In severe cases soft succulent growth will develop. Removing some of this new growth will allow the plant’s strength to go into sturdy growth that is properly spaced and open for good aeration. Roses can be pruned any time from the first of April through mid-April and the variety that you are growing will determine the height of pruning. If the roses have been in a vigorous condition last year and appear in good growth now, plants can be pruned 10 to 12 inches above the ground level. You should prune to an outside bud to encourage the new growth to come up and out away from the center of the plant. Leave three to four sturdy canes; if the roses are weak, remove all but two canes cutting these back to six to eight inches above the top of the plant. Immediately following pruning, work addl- tional superphosphate and a balanced fertilizer such as a 6-12-12 lightly around the base of the plant. If soil conditions are somewhat dry, this should be fol- lowed with a good watering program. Spraying with a good fungicide such as Benlate should be commenced as soon as new growth begins to appear. Make sure that you spray under the leaves as well as on top. Repeat if needed or after any heavy rain. Trees and shrubs which appear to be badly frozen back this spring due to the severe weather can be pruned now that new growth is beginning to show. In many cases, it may be necessary to cut the plants back very severely to encourage the growth to come to the base of the plant. 10 CRABGRASS KILLER Pre-emerge crabgrass killer should be applied from mid-April to late April for control of crabgrass later on. Make sure that directions are followed and that the pre-emerge is applied evenly over the area. A second application of lawn feed can be applied in late April to stimulate good growth. This should be a fertilizer which is low in nitrogen such as a 5-10-10 or 6-12-12. Areas which were seeded in early March and ap- pear to have a weed problem can have a herbicide used the later part of April without injuring the new grass, provided that directions are followed according to the material being used. Herbicides should not be applied where new seed is being planted or where seedlings are less than 6 weeks old. Azaleas, rhodo- dendrons, and other ericaceous plants, including hol- lies, can have iron chelate with epsom salts, one table- spoon of each to a gallon of water applied to the plants to help correct the chloratic conditions. Three to four gallons should be applied for plants that are two to three feet high; increase this amount according to the largest size of the plants involved. COOL VEGETABLES All cool vegetable plants should now be planted in seed or in transplant form into the garden so as to get a good early start. If these are delayed until late April, they will not mature as rapidly and will occupy space over a longer period of time. Garden areas should be well worked up prior to planting with superphosphate added and plenty of organic matter. Newly set out plants can be mulched lightly to help to control moisture and temperature conditions, increasing the mulch as the plants con- tinue to grow until the mulch is two to three inches deep. This will help to control weeds through the summer months. Warm vegetable crops should not be set out until all danger of cold is over and usually this does not occur in this area until late in April. Setting them out too early can cause a setback and they will take long- er to mature than if they were set out at the proper planting time. Many of the new hybrid vegetables will be available at the garden centers throughout the met- ropolitan area and a number of these are ideal for container growing for people with limited space. Spe- cially prepared soil mixes which are light weight are available, such as Metro-mix. These are ideal to use in hanging baskets and they make ideal planters where weight could be a problem. Make sure that plants are kept moderately moist and feed them at regular inter- vals to keep them in good condition. HOBBY GREENHOUSES Hobby greenhouses should be carefully watched during this month to see that the temperatures do not build up too much and also to prevent severe drafts should we have any cold spells. Gradually you should leave your greenhouse open in the evening to harden off your plants for several days before they are placed in protected areas outside for several days before planting in permanent locations in the garden. Potted plants should not be moved outdoors until late in April or early May. For continuous bloom of gladiolus, plantings started in mid-March should now be repotted the end of the first week in April and at three to four week intervals until late June for a con- tinuous supply of cut flowers throughout the mid- summer and late summer periods. Caladiums, which come in multi-shaded colors, can be planted out in the garden in late April for semi-shaded areas where lack of sun is a problem along with impatiens and coleus for a good color effect. Watch for insect problems and observe your gar- den daily and spray individual plants as needed rather than the whole garden. Sprays are best when applied early in the morning just as the sun is beginning to come up and before the temperature gets too high. Avoid all sprays once the temperature is 80 degrees or over as this can cause burning to your plants. If water is needed, apply to the equivalent of two inches of rain so as to encourage deep rooting. — Robert J. Dingwall Chief Horticulturist Trip to Japan Garden Members taking advantage of the fall trip to Japan, Oct. 2-22, will have the chance to examine at close hand some of the most famous gardens in the world. At Kyoto, the group will visit the 17th century Sento-Gosho, which was designed by Kobori Enshu and completed in 1628, as an Emperor's residence. The strolling visitor will see a rich profusion of vary- ing scenes and vistas, all relating harmoniously to the central focal point, the pond. A garden noted for the horizontal stress of its composition, low rock formations set in a gently roll- ing moss-covered surface backed by a low, formal straight hedge is Entsu-ji, also at Kyoto. Distant Mount Hiei forms an integral part of the total scene, which is a superb example of the ‘‘borrowed land- scape’ technique. Members interested in the trip to Japan, which includes a tax-deductible gift to the Missouri Botani- cal Garden, should call the Members office 772-7600. Reservations are limited. Member of The Arts and Education Fund of Greater St.Louis FEBRUARY 1977 MEMBERSHIPS Mr. James P. Baker Mr. E.R. Bagley Mr./Mrs. Francis Bardot Mrs. Carolyn Barker Mr, James John Bemberg Mrs. Richard Best Ms. Mary Lou Biasini Boubon Wayside Garden Club Mr./Mrs. Thomas R, Brinker Miss Marie Brown Mr. Raymond J. Brusca Miss Joy L. Bossler Mr. Edward W, Bydalek Mr. Clayton E. Campbell Mr./Mrs. Gerald K. Claycomb Mrs. Edward Cole Mr. Timothy Compton Dr. Katherine M, Conable Mr./Mrs. R.W. Danyluck Mr./Mrs. M. Richard Dennert NEW SUSTAINING MEMBERSHIP Mr./Mrs. L.M. Dyer ; Mr./Mrs. Paul Edwards St. Louis Herb Society Dr./Mrs. Donald H. Eldredge Ms. Juanita M. Ellis NEW CONTRIBUTING Mr. Tom J. Feldewerth MEMBERSHIPS Mrs. Arthur B. Friedman Mrs. Mary Gibson Mrs. Harvard K, Hecker Mr. Mark A. Troutt, Sr. HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATES Mr./Mrs. Howard F. Baer Mr./Mrs. Joseph H. Bascom Mr./Mrs. Watson T. Blair Mrs. John S. Lehmann Mr./Mrs. James S. McDonnell, Jr. Mrs. Gladney Ross Mr./Mrs. Sydney Shoenberg, Jr. Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Sr. Mrs. Hermann F. Spoehrer Mr./Mrs. C.C. Johnson Spink Mr./Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr. Mrs. Ben H. Wells DIRECTOR'S ASSOCIATE Mr./Mrs. Roland Quest Mr. Roy Tartar Miss Harriet Tatman Mr./Mrs. Edward Goldstein Good Earth Garden Club Ms. Carolyn A. Gray NEW MEMBERSHIPS Mrs. W.G. Alexander Mr./Mrs. David L, Armstrong Mr./Mrs. Robert Auer Garden Tribute Spring, a season of botanical growth, is also a time when Garden Members and friends might pause and consider contributing to the growth of the Gar- den itself. Generous gifts to the Tribute Fund — given in memory of someone, in honor of someone or to mark a special occasion — help to ensure the maintenance and expansion of one of our nation’s most renowned institutions. Gifts of $25 or more may be directed for a specific purpose. Please clip the attached form and use it to be- come a contributor to the Tribute Fund. (Continued next page) The enclosed contribution to the Missouri Bo- | tanical Garden is given: | In memory of In honor of | On the occasion of ee rrenneneee Please notify: from: Please make checks payable to Missouri Botani- cal Garden, and send with this form. Contribu- tions are tax deductible. Mr./Mrs. Preston C, Haglin, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Larry A, Haskin Mr./Mrs. Maurice R. Helmich Mr./Mrs. D. Hamby Mr./Mrs. Harold Henrick Mrs. Cecilia V, Hepp Mr./Mrs. Edwin J. Hussey Mr./Mrs. Homer Jones Ms. Mary Anne Jorgen Mr,./Mrs. Charles F. Jost Mr./Mrs. Michael Kalish Kehrs Mill View Garden Club Mr./Mrs. Stanley P. Kolker Mr./Mrs. Murray F. Lewis Ms. Angelita Lim Mr./Mrs. Keltner W. Locke Dr./Mrs, G.R. Marshall Mattese Meadows Garden Club Mr./Mrs. Charles May tas Mr./Mrs. Frank M. Maytas Miss Willa M. Morriss Mr./Mrs. Norbert R. Mueller Mr./Mrs. Thomas Neu Mr. E. Andrew Orlet Miss Carolyn Osborn Mrs. Georgia Overlin Mr./Mrs. Robert L. Pillischafske Ms. Anne E. Plovanich Mr./Mrs. Ronald L. Pohle Miss Madeline O. Price Mr./Mrs. William H.C. Reinert Mr./Mrs. E.J. Renfro Mr./Mrs. A.W. Rengel Mr./Mrs. James J. Roberts Miss Claudia Rudloff Mr. Robert W. Sadlon Mr./Mrs. Fred E. Satchell Miss Minnie M. Schambra Mrs. Max Shapiro Mr./Mrs. E.G. Shelp Mr. Tom Skiles, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Dave Stokes Mrs. Sidney Studt Dr./Mrs. Robert W. Tichenor Mr./Mrs. Robert Van Hook Ms. Joan M. Vitale Mr./Mrs. Daniel Walz Mrs. Allen Wehrli Mr./Mrs. John K, Wesley Mr./Mrs. Arson White Mr./Mrs. Glenn A. Williams Mr./Mrs. Raymond E, Wilson Miss Ann Wimer Mr./Mrs. H. Wolkowitz Mr. Nelson | Wu Mr./Mrs. Cecil C. Wuth INCREASE IN MEMBERSHIP SPONSORING Mrs. Louis Werner, I SUSTAINING Mr./Mrs. George K. Conant Mrs. Fred R. Hammond Mrs. Walter F. Heinecke Mr./Mrs. Edward J. Hogan Mr./Mrs. A.S. Lee Mr./Mrs. Shadrach F. Morris Mr./Mrs. Joseph F. Ruwitch Mr./Mrs. Richard K. Weil CONTRIBUTING Mr./Mrs. Keith Aschinger Ms. Eva B. Blackwelder Dr./Mrs. James R, Criscione Mr, David M, Culver Mr./Mrs, Earnest R. Doty Mr./Mrs. Raymond A. Epstein Mr./Mrs. John L. Evans Dr./Mrs. A.E. Fathman Mr./Mrs. Francis M. Gaffney Mr. Michael J. Geders Mr./Mrs. A.S,. Love Mr./Mrs. Charles J. Moore, Jr. Mrs. G.P. Plaisance Mr./Mrs. Peter A. Puleo Mr./Mrs. Henry T. Schlapp Mrs. John M. Shoenberg Mr./Mrs. L.E. Smart Mr./Mrs. H. Edwin Trushein Dr./Mrs. Roger H. Secker-Walker Mrs. S.A. Weintraub Mrs. Elizabeth N. Young FEBRUARY 1977 TRIBUTES In Honor of Mr. Hubert Moog’s Birthday Mr./Mrs. Ellis C. Littmann In Honor of Mrs. Hyman Senturia’s Birthday Mr./Mrs. Tobias Lewin In Honor of Mrs. Walter Stern's Birthday Mrs. S.E. Freund In Honor of Mr. Melvin Strassner’s Birthday Mr./Mrs. Ellis C. Littmann In Memory of Mrs. George N. Bishop Clayton Garden Club Group III In Memory of Mr. and Mrs. Robert Blanche Mrs. William J. Chapmen In Memory of Mrs. Preston Bosley Rose Society of Greater St. Louis In Memory of Mrs. F. Baker DeCamp Mr./Mrs. Jervis Janney, Jr. Mrs. M.R. Stahl In Memory of Mr. James C. Funk Doug and Fern Newman In Memory of Mr. Steve Georgieff's Father Mr./Mrs. Joseph J. Reiss In Memory of Mrs. C.J. Gissy Dr./Mrs. Armand D. Fries In Memory of Robert M. Hancock Chi Qmega Bridge Club Faculty and Staff of Westerville South High School In Memory of Mrs. H.C. Henger Mrs. Ralph C, Becker Mr./Mrs. Wylie Todd In Memory of Miss Nell Horner Mrs. John K, Bryan In Memory of John and Helen Joynt Mr./Mrs. Arthur F, Boettcher, Jr. In Memory of Carl A. and Helen Koerner The Paul P. Mueller Family In Memory of Mrs. Jackie Leary Clayton Garden Club No. 2 In Memory of Mr. Carl LeClaire Mrs. Armand A. Grosse In Memory of Mr. and Mrs. Max Mason Dr. M.J. Payne In Memory of Leo Meyer Margaret and Louise Carr In Memory of Mr. William G. Moore, Jr. Mr./Mrs. J.A. Baer II Mrs. L.W. Butler Mrs. Jean-Jacques Carnal Mrs. John S. Lehmann Mr./Mrs. C. Powell Whitehead Mr./Mrs. Harry Wuertenbaecher, Jr. In Memory of Henrietta Marie Nansen Mrs. Warren Berger Color-Art Printing & Stationery Co. W.L. Davis Mr./Mrs. H.W. Endres, Jr. Dan and Jane Goetz Mrs. Faye Green Enoch Harding, Jr. Martha Kaltwasser Kellwood Company Ralph Mattick Adelaide H. McLagan Mr./Mrs. William E. Rhodes Mr./Mrs. Dan Sakahara Tower Grove Bank & Trust Co., Officers, Directors, and Employees Mr./Mrs. John D. Weiss Bill and Betty Wenzel Mr./Mrs. Fred W. Wenzel In Memory of Mrs. Gertrude Peeper Dr. M.J. Payne In Memory of Mrs. Blanche Rozelle Her Friends In Memory of Anne Elder Schliecher Mr./Mrs. E.A. Graham, Jr. In Memory of Paul Van Buren Ann and Jerry Mandelstamm In Memory of Wesley Van Winkle Mrs. E.R. Hurd, Jr. In Memory of Mrs. Jacob Wallach James E. Aumon Arthur M. Branch, Jr. Elaine Cohen Miss Sara Gervich Mr./Mrs. Adrian L. Klein Alan and Silvia Mayer William H. Mehrer Myron B. Newman Mrs. Louis Portner In Memory of Mrs. Morris Winterman Mrs. Edmund A. Hogbin, Jr. MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 2345 Tower Grove Avenue Saint Louis, Missouri 63110 SECOND CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT ST. LOUIS, MO. Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Seiwa-En to be Dedicated May 5 a Under spring clouds, Seiwa-En lives up to its name — “garden of pure, clear harmony and peace.” The garden’s logotype, upper right, depicts a pine tree, symbolic of longevity and happiness. After years of planning and construction, sup- ported by an unprecedented level of commitment from administrators, staff, friends and especially donors, one of the most breathtaking accomplish- ments in the Garden’s 118-year history will be dedi- cated on Thursday, May 5, 1977. On that day, Seiwa-En, the new Japanese Garden, “the garden of pure, clear harmony and peace,”’ will become a reality. To mark the occasion, a four-day series of events — dedicating the new garden and celebrating Japanese culture and tradition — has been scheduled for May 5 through 8. The events will include the actual dedica- tion ceremonies; a special Member's Day to view the new garden; a day of Japanese-related activity for children, their parents and teachers; and a Japanese Festival Day for the general public. THE DEDICATION The dedication itself will begin at 5 p.m. on Thursday, May 5, with opening remarks by Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director and the principal force behind the development of Seiwa-En. On hand to welcome those in attendance will be Tom K. Smith, Jr., president of the Garden Board of Trustees. A special guest at the dedication, also scheduled to speak, will be His Excellency Fumihiko Togo, Am- bassador of Japan to the United States of America. Ambassador Togo will be accompanied to St. Louis by Madame Togo. Other special guests will include The Honorable Kiyoshi Sumiya, Consul General of Japan in Chicago; Madame Sumiya; Mayor Setsuji |!wamoto of Suwa, St. Louis’ sister-city in Japan; and elected officials and Volume LXV Number 5 May 1977 Students from Farmington, Mo., cross the Taikobashi (drum bridge), one of the three traditional Japanese foot bridges within the new Garden. dignitaries from Missouri and the St. Louis area. The actual dedication ceremony will include a traditional Shinto rite conducted by the Rev. Taiichi Tsuyuki, head minister of the Konko Church in Los Angeles, assisted by Toshitane Hirabayashi of Nagano, Japan, whose firm constructed the Garden’s Teahouse; the Rev. Takashi Murakami of Nagano, and others, including Mrs. Tsuyuki. It will include: — Onusa (Purification): this marks the opening of the ceremony with a purification of the mind, heart and soul, in order that all participants and attendants may be prepared to receive and accept Kami’s (God's) blessing; — Norito (Main Prayer): this is the most impor- tant part of the ceremony and is offered by the Reverend Tsuyuki. The prayer embodies words of purification, thanksgiving and prosperity for this cere- mony and is. given in words of highest respect to Kami; — Saishu Tamakushi (Symbol of the True Heart): conducted by the Reverend Tsuyuki, this offering symbolizes our assurance to Kami that our hearts and souls are pure. It also symbolizes our everlasting grati- tude for Kami’s blessings, particularly the honor of being allowed to perform this ceremony on this day; — Kibimai (Sacred Dance): the dance will be per- formed by Fujima Kansumi, a member of the Kan- suma Kai (classical Japanese dancers) of Madame Fujima Kansuma. The dance offered on this occasion is called Kimigayo which means “eternal blessing.’ Later, immediately preceding the final remarks offered by Dr. Raven, the Naorai (Holy Sake Cere- mony) will be performed, including the drinking of the sacred rice wine. Also on Thursday, a dinner honoring Ambassador and Mrs. Togo and the Consul! General Sumiya will be 2 held at the University Club. MEMBERS’ DAY On Friday, a special Members’ Day will be held as part of the Japanese Garden dedication weekend. As a memento of the occasion, Members will receive a pine tree symbolic of the new garden’s logotype, it- self a crest depicting a pine tree. The pine, essential to any Japanese-style garden, traditionally is called Tokiwa, a word meaning ‘‘evergreen” and a symbol expressing longevity and happiness. Highlights of the Members’ Day will include: — A Japanese Tea Ceremony, ‘’Cha-No-Yu,” presented by Mrs. Kikue Shirasaki Atkins, at 3:30 p.m. on a stage north of the Administration Building; — The presentation to the Garden of a series of historic Japanese calligraphy screens, created by the late Japanese Prince Sadanaru Fushimi, who visited the Japanese Imperial Garden at the 1904 St. Louis World's Fair. The screens will be presented at 4:30 p.m. by Miss Sachiko Kacho and the Marchioness Kacho, daughter and widow of the Marquis Hironobu Kacho, formerly His Imperial Highness Prince Hironobu Fushimi. — At 4:45 p.m., the introduction of honored guests, including delegations from Suwa, Japan, St. Louis’ sister-city; and Nagano Prefecture, Missouri’s sister-state. — A performance by students from the University of Kansas International Studies Center, led by Profes- sor Andrew Tsubaki. The performance, at 5 p.m., will include Kyogen-style and No-style dancing, as well as a demonstration of the application of Kabuki-style theatrical makeup; There will also be a display of Japanese flower- arranging, by Ikebana International, in the Floral Dis- play House. NIHON: THE WORLD OF THE JAPANESE CHILD On Saturday, May 7 — in the spirit of Children’s Day, the Japanese holiday devoted to children — a day of special activities for children, their parents and teachers will be held at the Garden. The program is sponsored by the Suwa Sister Committee in coopera- tion with the Japanese American Citizens League. Beginning at 9:30 a.m., activities will include par- ticipatory workshops in Japanese arts and crafts, live performances, films, tours of the Japanese Garden and a display of artwork created by the children of St. Louis and those of Suwa, Japan. Live perform- ances will include traditional Japanese theater, the martial arts and children’s dance. Children and adults will experience Japanese cul- ture by hearing, seeing and doing things Japanese. Among those contributing to the Children’s Day are the Asia Resource Center of the University of Missouri-St. Louis; the Crunden-Martin Manufac- turing Company; the St. Louis Chapter of the Japa- nese American Citizens League; the Missouri Botani- cal Garden; the Office of International Studies of Washington University; the St. Louis Parks and Recre- ation Department; the Riverwind Kite Works; the St. Louis Regional Commerce and Growth Association; the St. Louis Section, National Council of Jewish Women; the Sister City Committees of St. Louis and Suwa; and numerous advisors from the Japanese com- munity of St. Louis. GARDEN BOUQUETS “Gentlemen: On a recent visit to the Garden we had a most delightful and informative experience through the help of Mr. L. Kohn, who volunteered to be our guide. His expertise and enthusiasm for the Garden made our trip a most enjoyable and memorable one. Sincerely yours, Mary and Felix Tuger P.S. The other couple that was with us, Dr, and Mrs. Don A. Livingston, also expressed their appreciation. ” Mothers Day, Sunday, May 8, will be Japanese Festival Day at the Garden, sponsored by the Japa- nese American Citizens League. Colorful elements of the day-long celebration of Japanese culture will in- clude: — The Taiko Drummers from San Francisco; — The Aikido Martial Arts Troupe from Chicago; — Flower arrangement by Ikebana International; — Kitemaking by Tal Streeter of New York; — Bonsai demonstrations, pottery and _ calli- graphy; — Kimono modeling by the Harusame Club; — Koto playing, a tea ceremony and various arts and crafts, some created by the children of St. Louis and Suwa, Japan; — The Sakura Dancers, St. Louis Children’s group. Garden Members will be admitted without charge to the Festival. There will be no charge for the festi- val for non-members, beyond the regular Garden gate admission price. For the occasion, free shuttle bus service will be available between the Garden and the Arena parking lot, beginning at 10 a.m. Calligraphy Panels Are Garden Gift A set of historic Japanese calligraphy panels, fash- ioned in 1920 by a Japanese prince who had visited the Imperial Japanese Garden at the 1904 St. Louis World’s Fair, will be presented to the Missouri Botani- cal Garden at the time of the May 5 dedication of the new Japanese Garden. The panels are a gift of Mrs. Ruth Kacho, whose late husband was the grandson of Prince Fushimi, who visited the World’s Fair and fashioned the 12 panels. Each more than five feet tall and 24 inches wide, the panels were created by applying modified Japa- nese writing, based on Chinese characters, to large sheets of paper capable of absorbing the ink of the characters. 3 Officers and committee members of the Newly-formed Tower Grove House Auxiliary are, clockwise from left, Mrs. L. G. Akers, Mrs. Robert Grote, Mrs. Rovert M. Siegmund, Mrs. J. Edgar Lumpkin, Mrs. Pierre Grace, Mrs. Edward W. Hill, Mrs. Erwin Breihan, Mrs. Victor A. Silber and Mrs, David Lynch. Arboretum Schedules Wildflower Walks The native wildflowers of the northern Ozark re- gion, on display exactly as they grow, will be the subjects of a series of informative wildflower walks to be hosted in May by the Shaw Arboretum in Gray Summit, Mo. The wildflower walks will be held each Tuesday during the month, from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m., and will take place along the Arboretum’s extensive woodland trail system. Garden Members are welcome to take part free of charge, and are asked to dress as the weather dictates, wear comfortable walking shoes and bring a sack lunch with drink. Betty Nellums and Nell Menke, local naturalists, will conduct the walks. They will gather each Tues- day during the month at 10 a.m., at the Arboretum visitor center. Members may attend a single session or, to view the progression of wildflower blooming in spring, may choose to attend several. For non-members, there is no charge for the wild- flower walks except for the regular Arboretum admis- sion charge, $1.00 for adults and $.50 for children. Additional information is available by calling 772-7600, extension 81. 4 Historic Homes Tour Scheduled For May 14 The third annual Shaw Neighborhood Historic Homes Tour will be held Saturday, May 14, from 10 a.m. until 5 p.m. Featured on the tour this year will be Tower Grove House, Henry Shaw’s Townhouse, two homes on Flora Place, a totally renovated four-family resi- dence, a home on Shaw Place and two apartments recycled into a single family townhouse. Due to the large number of requests, the Comp- ton Hill Water Tower in Reservoir Park will again be included on the tour. In all, 15 locations will be open to visitors, Double-decker buses will provide transportation to the various locations for a one-time charge of 25¢ per person. The tour has been extended by one hour this year to enable everyone to visit all locations. A Shaw Tour Rest Area will be located at St. Margaret of Scotland Catholic Church, where restrooms and refreshments will be available. The Shaw Neighborhood is the area bounded by the Missouri Botanical Garden on the west, Interstate 44 on the north, Grand Boulevard on the east and Tower Grove Park on the south. Advance tickets may be purchased at the Garden Gate Shop and the Eugene Field Museum, or by mail to S.N.I.A., 2211 S. 39th St., St. Louis, Mo. 63110. Tickets are $3.50 in advance ana $4.00 the day of the tour. For more information, please call 773-8166 or 771-3101 during weekly business hours. Gail Gorski, of the Garden’s horticultural staff explains gardening methods during a recent Rose Workshop at the Garden. The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN is pub- lished 12 issues per year monthly by the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. $5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign. Pitzman Program To Begin June 20 Beginning June 20 and continuing through July, the Pitzman Summer Nature Program will again pro- vide adults and children with the opportunity to take part in unusual nature experiences both at the Garden and the Shaw Arboretum. The schedule: Family events: nature activities for parents and children provide many interesting and absorbing ac- tivities that stimulate learning and shared experiences while working with plants. Two four-day sessions will be given — one at the Garden and the other at the Arboretum. Many of the activities can be repeated at home and will help form new ideas for exploring the marvelous kingdom of living, green plants. The Garden session will be held July 5 through 8 at the John S. Lehmann Building. We will once again make terrariums, plant dish gardens, and grow plants from seeds and cuttings. There will also be visits to the Japanese Garden, Herb Garden and the Garden’s large greenhouses: the Climatron, Desert House, and Mediterranean House. Fee: $9/person. $7.50/ Member. Time: 10:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. For further information, call the Education Department at 772-7600. Sense of Wonder: one of the most popular and rewarding of the Shaw Arboretum programs in recent years has been the ‘’Sense of Wonder,”’ a parent-child program aimed at cultivating relationships through outdoor activity. Parent-child activities will focus on feelings and understandings about the natural world. Two sessions will be offered. Session |, June 20-24, for children aged 4 to 6 years and accompanying adults, meets from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. Monday, Tuesday and Thursday. Evening pic- nic supper session will be held Friday, 6 p.m.-9 p.m. Fee: $8/person, $7/Member. Session II, June 27-July 1, for children aged 7 to 10 years and accompanying adults, meets from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. Monday, Tuesday and Thursday. Evening picnic and optional overnight on Friday at 6 p.m. Fee: $9/person, $7.50/Member. Natural Awareness: the Shaw Arboretum Staff has worked in the past two years on development of a strong ‘Natural Awareness”’ program, days of excite- ment and close contact with the natural world. High- lights of past years have included wading a long stretch of creek, personal magic spots, close views of deer and other animals, and close contact with out- standing outdoors people. Small groups assure maxi- mum safety and attention. Two sessions will be of- fered. Both sessions meet Tuesday through Friday, with optional Parents Day on Saturday. Older chil- dren, aged 10-12 yrs., will have optional overnight, Thursday evening (additional fee). Fee includes bus transportation to and from Shaw Arboretum, Tues- day thru Friday. Fee: $20/child, $18.50/Member. Dates: Session | — July 12-16; Session || — July 26-30. Natural Awareness — Advanced: some children re- turn to the Arboretum year after year. In an effort to provide special experiences for the older, returning participants, the Shaw Arboretum offers ‘’Natural Awareness — Advanced.” Activities from previous years will be highlighted along with new activities to develop understandings of the natural world. Espe- cially small groups will make a high-impact experi- ence possible. One session will be offered. Partici- pants will come by bus to the Arboretum Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday (double overnight) and re- turn to bus pickup Friday afternoon, 4 p.m. Fee in- cludes bus transportation and food. Fee: $30.00/child, $27.50/Member. Dates: July 25-29. Four Days on the Meramec: the Lower Meramec River represents an important resource to the St. Louis area, and an interesting section of stream for canoe trips. In cooperation with Project STREAM (St. Louis Regional Experiential Adventure Move- ment), the Shaw Arboretum offers a four-day trip in the Meramec Basin. Participants will receive instruc- tion in canoeing skills, basic ecology of the Meramec Basin, and natural awareness techniques, while travel- ing in a beautiful natural environment. Two sessions will be offered. Student ages: 12-14 years. Meets at 9 a.m. Monday, at Missouri Botanical Garden Staff En- trance, and returns 4 p.m. Thursday. Fee: $40.00/child, $36.00/Member. Dates: Ses- sion |: July 11-14; Session II: July 18-21. The Green Machine: this program is a five day exploration of plant life from around the world, to explore tropical life in the Climatron; experience a bit of another culture in the Japanese Garden; look at arid life in the Desert House; and deliberately get our hands dirty acquiring a few gardening skills. Children will work in small groups with a Garden Staff Mem- ber to encourage participation and promote memo- rable learning experiences. No bus pickups provided for this program. A special overnight experience in the Climatron is planned for children 10-14 years old. The number of spaces for this is limited. Fee: $16/person, $14/Member. Time: 10:30 a.m. — 2:30 p.m. Session |, July 18-22; Session ||, August re, A ROSE EVENING A Rose Evening at the Missouri Botanical Garden. Sponsored by Chrysler Plymouth South. Friday, June 10, 1977, 5 to 7:30 p.m. Music by the Terry Thompson Band. Garden Botanist Returns With New African In mid-January, during the height of the St. Louis area’s worst winter weather, Dr. Peter Goldblatt re- turned to the Garden after nearly six months of in- tensive field study among the plants of sunny South Africa. But he came back with something more than fond memories of the South African climate. Dr. Goldblatt, B.A. Krukoff Curator of African Botany at the Garden, returned with several hundred collections of dried and living plant specimens, among them several species new to science and what seems to be a new genus of Iridaceae. “Botanically,’’ said Dr. Goldblatt, “it was ex- tremely exciting to find a new genus in a place where botanists have been before, for nearly two hundred years,” A specialist in the systematics and evolution of the Iridaceae, Dr. Goldblatt has made two field trips to South Africa since coming to the Garden in 1972. His most recent — and most successful — expedition began last July in the Cape Region of South Africa, the southwestern corner of the African continent. The area, unlike the rest of sub-Saharan Africa, receives winter rainfall and has dry summers — a cli- mate much like that of California. The region is very rich in bulbous plants. Some of the new species, like a tiny sub-alpine Moraea, were overlooked by botanists in the past be- cause of their small size and inconspicuous flowers. It remained for a specialist to discover them. Others like two tall, large flowered Homeria, which had evidently never been collected before, were overlooked for other reasons, possibly because they are fire responsive and bloom only after infre- quent bush fires. Dr. Goldblatt simply happened to find them in the one year in perhaps twenty when flowering took place. One of the new species of Homeria, which has a large bright yellow flower and bright red protruding anthers, appears to be well worth garden attention, and will be introduced to horticulture in the coming years if it proves amenable to cultivation. It will be first tried out in the Mediterranean House at the Gar- den next year. When Dr. Goldblatt first came to work at the Garden, he worked on a federal government funded project to study drug yielding poppies in the Middle East. When this research project was brought to a successful conclusion two years later he discovered a high narcotic-alkaloid yielding strain of Papaver bracteatum, and brought back seed to the United States, Subsequently, the seed was distributed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture to several field sta- tions throughout the country and to selected pharma- ceutical companies for trial growing. With his role in this multimillion dollar botanical and agricultural 6 project completed, Dr. Goldblatt turned his attention to his old interests, the systematics and evolution of the Iridaceae, the Iris family. Dr. Peter Goldblatt This family is of major horticultural significance as it includes not only the genus /ris, but also Gladiolus, Crocus, and Freesia, as well as many other, not so well known garden plants. The family is cen- tered in Africa and more than half the total species, approximately 1,000 in number, are native to Africa south of the Sahara. In carrying out his researches on lridaceae, Dr. Goldblatt has been able to undertake the two field trips to Africa through grants from the National Science Foundation. Field work, always im- portant in modern botanical studies, is especially im- a y The tiny sub-Alpine Moraea of the South African continent, undis- covered for many years until Dr. Goldblatt’s expedition. ES portant in certain plant families, among these the lridaceae, because the delicate flowers of most species preserve badly when pressed and made into herbar- ium specimens. Observing live plants in their native habitats is therefore of fundamental importance in studying Iridaceae. Dr. Goldblatt has a second pur- pose in field work — to collect seed, bulbs and corms to bring back to St. Louis for growth and further study, especially cytological investigation. Also among Dr. Goldblatt’s duties is the super- vision of weekly botany seminars. Recently, Dr. G.L. Stebbins, emeritus professor of genetics at the Univer- sity of California, Davis, was at the Garden to con- duct two such seminars for faculty members and graduate students from local universities. Dr. Stebbins’ subjects were ‘‘Chromosomal Evolu- tion and DNA Content in Higher Plants’’ and ‘‘Esti- mating Quantitative Differences Between Local Florulas,”’ Varieties of flowering Homeria, among the species new to science which Dr. Goldblatt brought to St. Louis, Some grow as tall as two or three feet and were previously undiscovered because they bloom only after infrequent bush fires. Others bloom with bright yellow flowers and red protruding anthers. International Studies Group Hosted by Garden Appearances by Michael Straight, deputy chair- man of the National Endowment for the Arts, and Ralph T. Coe, director of the Nelson Gallery of Art in Kansas City, were among the highlights of an Interna- tional Studies Association Conference held recently at the Garden. The International Studies Association, a multi- disciplinary professional organization involved in in- ternational studies, held its 18th Annual Conference in St. Louis. Conference sessions included: — “Transfer of Culture,” the opening address by Michael Straight, who spoke on the role of the arts in international relations. Mr. Straight since 1969 has been deputy chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts, the federal agency created to encourage and assist the nation’s cultural resources. — A presentation by Ralph T. Coe, with slides, of the Chinese Exhibit and American Indian Show from the Nelson Gallery of Art. Mr. Coe is former assistant Curator at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C., and was recently named director of the Nelson Gallery. — Dr. William M. Klein, assistant director of the Missouri Botanical Garden, discussed the develop- ment of the new Japanese Garden here, scheduled for dedication on May 5. Dr. Klein addressed the Japanese Garden as an art form and discussed its role in pro- Conference participants tour the Climatron. y i i ? | a 7 al ie Among the participants in the recent International Studies Association Conference were Michael Straight, deputy chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts, right, and Dr. William M. Klein, the Garden’s assistant director. moting international relations. The conference session was chaired by Dr. Jonathan David Aronson, assistant professor of Inter- national Relations, and director, Mid-Career Masters Program, School of International Relations, the Uni- versity of Southern California. | ms acti a ‘ 4a aS gare ne Ltalalng € q +. =v ; - ¢ TR LS A A Environmental Education: Kid-Power in Action Spring is a time for fruition at the Garden, and the colorful display of flowering plants bears witness to the staff's winter labors. In the Environmental Education Training Project, too, a winter of hard work has yielded its rewards. Since last August, the project has provided ongoing training to 19 teachers employed in city schools. The project is a cooperative program between the St. Louis Public Schools and the Missouri Botanical Gar- Renee Kenny ’s class ae Adams School dramatizes the effect of pol- ; lution on plants and animals. Here two students role-play fish living in den, funded by a grant to the city schools from the a polluted environment. (Photo courtesy St, Louis Public Schools) U.S.0.E. Office of Environmental Education. On this page are displayed a few of the classroom programs created by teachers trained in the project. "yn he eeE_: Marian Junge’s class at Mason School is collecting litter for a twofold pur- pose. One is to beautify the streets in front of the school grounds; the other, to learn about resource con- servation. In the classroom, students will analyze the litter and make sug- gestions about eliminating some of it at its source of production. A student in Pauline Humphrey’s class at Laclede School explains how a plant grows, highlighting its depen- dence on sunlight, air, and water. Gardening in St. Louis GARDENING IN MAY As springtime becomes a reality, weather damage done this past winter can now be fully assessed and corrective steps taken to get the plants back into good condition. Plants which were frozen back severely and were partially pruned back should now be pruned back to where the new breaks are coming. It may be neces- sary in some Cases to thin out some of the growth, as some of these plants will produce an excess number of ends. It is wise to remove a number of the weaker growth, keeping only the sturdiest ones and letting these develop under normal conditions. Spring flowering shrubs, such as the forsythia, azaleas, and rhododendrons, should now be pruned to reshape the plants and given a light feeding of a balanced fertilizer. In many cases, the plants are chloratic with pale, yellow green leaves instead of deep green leaves. This should be corrected with a feeding of iron chelate and epsom salts, using one tablespoon of each to a gallon of water and applying two to three gallons for each plant that is two to three feet high. Increase the amount according to the size of the plant. Avoid cultivating around many of these plants as the roots are produced near the surface. It is much better to apply cottonseed meal or recommended fer- tilizers for these plants by broadcasting it and coming in with extra mulch over the top. Once the fertilizer has been put on and the ground is dry, you should soak this in with a light watering. SPRING BEDDING Spring bedding should now be done in earnest and you might want to consider planting a number of the new geraniums which are grown from seed. These are excellent plants for the St. Louis area, as they stay very compact, are very heavy flowering and flower until late fall. The plants should be placed where they get plenty of sun during the day and given occasional feedings of a liquid fertilizer. Geraniums grown from seed are superior to those grown from cuttings, in that they are more compact and freer flowering. They come in shades from white through pink, orange, and deep red. Good plants for the semi-shaded area for the St. Louis area are some of the newer Impatiens which come in wide ranges of colors; caladiums, the bulbs of which can be planted directly in the garden im- mediately, or where the bulbs have been started earlier, can be set out from mid-May on; coleus, avail- able in several new cultivars are excellent plants for the semi-shaded areas; fibrous begonias which make excellent plants for the semi-shade as well or in full sun as you noticed in the main flower beds located between the Main Gate and the Climatron this past year. 10 FEEDING SPRING BULBS Spring bulbs which have flowered should be given a good feeding of a balanced fertilizer and locations should carefully be marked if you are going to be planting annuals later on. In most cases the annuals can be set in amongst the plants and have the tops removed from the bulbs three weeks after the last flowers are gone. Tulips and daffodil bulbs failed to bloom in some cases due to severe ground freezing, which didn’t al- low the plants to produce an adequate root system. A light application of superphosphate, followed with a feeding of a regular fertilizer such as a 5-10-5, will put these back in good condition for next year. Bulbs which have become overly thick and are not flowering for that reason should be lifted as soon as they start to go yellow. The bulbs should be stored in a dry, well ventilated area and tops should be re- moved when the bulbs are cleaned and stored until planting back next fall. VEGETABLE PLANTS All warm vegetable plants can be planted this month after preparing the soil well, adding extra or- ganic matter in the form of leaf mold or compost with an application of superphosphate. Select plants which are disease resistant for best results. Plants should be watered in with a weak feeding of a liquid fertilizer and mulched with plenty of mulch to pre- vent weeds from growing and to control soil mois- ture. Treatment for Dutch elm disease, as outlined in the earlier Bulletin, can be started anytime this month. Have the trees checked by a qualified arborist and any necessary pruning should be done at the same time. It may also be wise to have the trees root- fed at the time of the treatment to get them into a good vigorous condition. . Raised planters or beds are excellent for growing many of the vegetables. Prepared soil mixes, such as metro-mix 200 and 300, are excellent for growing any of these plants. The material has been well steri- lized and slow released fertilizer has been added for best results. However, once the plants are set in, it is recommended that the plants be fed at a two week interval with a light feeding of a balanced fertilizer to keep them in a good condition. ROSES Roses growing actively now may benefit from a feeding of a liquid fertilizer such as Peter’s 20-20-20, to encourage good flowering. In some cases, epsom salts at the rate of one tablespoon per quart of water will help to give better color in the leaves and pro- duce more scented flowers. — Robert J. Dingwall Chief Horticu/turist Joni Duggins, the storyteller butterfly, entertains a group of children during the recent “Week of the Young Chil- dren” at the Garden. Botany Staff to Conduct Mark Twain Institute Course A course in plant introduction, demonstrating the basic principles of plant biology, will be conducted by the Garden’s Department of Botany staff this sum- mer as part of the program of the Mark Twain Sum- mer Institute. Classes will be held at the Garden, utilizing the Garden’s extensive collection of living and preserved plant specimens. In addition, field trips are planned to natural and managed plant communities. The course will run from Monday, June 13, until Friday, July 22, with students attending classes from 9 am. to 12:30 p.m. Monday through Friday. The Mark Twain Summer Institute, established to provide academically able secondary school students with challenging and worthwhile educational oppor- tunities, is a member institution of the Arts and Edu- cation Fund. Member of The Arts and Education Fund of Greater St.Louis MARCH 1977 MEMBERSHIPS HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATES Mr./Mrs, Howard F, Baer Mr./Mrs, Joseph H, Bascom Mr./Mrs. Watson T. Blair Mrs. Irene C. Jones Mrs, John S, Lehmann Mr./Mrs, James S. McDonnell, Jr. Mr. Spencer T,. Olin Mrs, Gladney Ross Mr./Mrs. Daniel Schlafly Mr./Mrs. Sydney Shoenberg, Jr. Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr. Mr./Mrs. C.C. Johnson Spink Mrs. Hermann F. Spoehrer Mrs. Ben H, Wells DIRECTOR'S ASSOCIATES Mr. Clarence C. Barksdale Mr, E.G. Cherbonnier Mr./Mrs. Elridge Lovelace Mr./Mrs. Roland Quest Mr. Roy Tartar Miss Harriet Tatman NEW CONTRIBUTING MEMBERSHIPS Mr./Mrs, John E, Guciardo Dr./Mrs. Hyman H. Fingert Mrs. Roy W, Linnemeyer Mrs. Robert H. Mayer Mr./Mrs. Jack L. Turner Mr./Mrs. Robert B. Vining NEW MEMBERSHIPS Mr./Mrs. Thomas M. Abernathy Mr./Mrs. L.J. Anderson Mr./Mrs. Harold E. Appleton Mr./Mrs. Homer L. Arment Mr./Mrs. Mark E. Arnold Mr./Mrs. Clifton Avers Mr./Mrs. Richard A. Bauer Mr./Mrs. Linn Bealke Mr./Mrs. William A. Birmingham Mr./Mrs. Merrill Bolner Mr./Mrs. Dave Book Mr./Mrs. Tom E. Brooks Mr./Mrs. Seth Burgman Mrs. Betty Mae Burke Mrs. Gaylord C, Burke Mr./Mrs. Paul R. Cahn Mr./Mrs. James Lee Carl Mr./Mrs. Sumner S. Charles Mr./Mrs. Robert L. Clark Mr./Mrs. Wm. Cole Concord Park Garden Club Mr. Tom Cradick Mr./Mrs. Al Danesi Mr. Dennis Davinroy Mr. James L. Davis Mr./Mrs. Gordon A. Duff Mr./Mrs. James K. Duff Mr./Mrs. Richard Dunn Mrs. Francis J. Dwyer, Jr. Ms. Toni L. Earleywine Mrs. Walter L. Eckardt, Jr. Mr./Mrs. F.W. Enters 11 Mrs. Harrison Barnes Mrs. Lee Blumoff Mr./Mrs. Charles Bortz Mr./Mrs. Bernard C. Brinker Mr./Mrs. A. Nicholas Filippello Ms. Nancy Fox Mr./Mrs. Robert Fraley Mr./Mrs, Louis F. Fuerst Mr./Mrs. Russell J. McClellan Mrs. Carol D, Mike Mr./Mrs. Kenneth L. Miller Mr. Clarence M. Mueller Mrs. Judy Teasdale Mr./Mrs, Bradley T. Thach Mr./Mrs. Wm. Thomas Thach, Jr. Mr. Peter B. Thurman Mr./Mrs, David L. Gearhart Mr./Mrs. Williard E. Mueller Mr./Mrs. Elmer E. Trost Mrs, Elsie H. Downey Mr./Mrs. Franklin C. Gilbert, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Joe A. Murphy Mr./Mrs. Gerhard F. Weber Mr./Mrs, LeRoy Erickson Mr./Mrs. Robert Gladu Mr./Mrs. Goerge Nenzel Mr./Mrs. Peter J. Wolf Dr./Mrs. Hyman H., Fingert Capt./Mrs. John E.A. Gorrie, Jr. Mr./Mrs. James L. Nicholson Mr. Charles Wright Mr. Roy A. Flesh Mr./Mrs. Merle L. Griffin Mr./Mrs. Charles E. Ohrberg Mr./Mrs, Ronald L. Wulsch Mr./Mrs, E.F, Guth, Jr, Mr./Mrs. B.A. Gustafsen Mr./Mrs. R.K. Otte Major/Mrs. Charles Yockey Mr./Mrs. Harold J. Hauck Mr./Mrs, Paul L. Hale Mrs. Gordan M. Perisho Mr./Mrs. Richard Zarembka Mr./Mrs. Nelson L. Hower Mr./Mrs. Albert E. Hall Mr./Mrs. Brian U. Power Mr./Mrs. Charles E. Zoller Mr./Mrs. Stifel W. Jens Ms. Patricia G. Harris Mrs. Belinda G. Preskorn Mr./Mrs, William H, Johnston Mr./Mrs. Gary D. Heisel Mr./Mrs. Gerhard E. Reelitz Mr./Mrs, James C. Kautz Ms. Jonathan Heitner Miss Lillian L. Reinhardt INCREASE IN Mr./Mrs. Harold Koplar Mr./Mrs. Roger C. Hencke Dr./Mrs. David Reisler MEMBERSHIP Miss Virginia Kraemer Mr. William T. Hibdon Mr./Mrs. George F. Hinton Mrs. Caroline Horn Mr./Mrs. William J. Horn Mr./Mrs. Geo. N. Hosack Mrs. Bernice N. Ivcich Mr./Mrs. Bill Regan Judge/Mrs. John R. Rickkoff Mr./Mrs. James P. Rose Mrs. H.E. Routt Mr./Mrs. Richard R. Russell Mr./Mrs. H.D, St. John, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Ben Krippner Ms. Mary V. Leopold Mr./Mrs. Malcolm Lohrun Dr./Mrs. T.M. Meiners Mr./Mrs, Edgar Meinhardt Mr./Mrs, Joseph H. Meis SPONSORING Mr./Mrs. T. E. Barnes, II Mr./Mrs. Wm. F. Klipsch, Jr. Mr./Mrs. John R. Klepper Mr./Mrs. Lloyd Schmalensee SUSTAINING Mrs. W. Edwin Moser Mr./Mrs. Norman Kling Mr./Mrs. Al Shady Mr./Mrs, Edward D. Nelson Mr./Mrs. Gerald D, Knetzer Ms. Marguerite R. Shepard Mr./Mrs. G. Rodman F. Genet Mr./Mrs. Everett Osterloh Dr./Mrs. Ira J. Kodner Mr./Mrs. Ted Smalley Mr./Mrs. Robert Haltenhof Mr./Mrs. David Ressler Mr./Mrs. Mike Kodner Mrs. Alice Solliday Mr./Mrs. George K. Hoblitzelle Mr./Mrs, Thomas T. Sandel Mr./Mrs. Richard E, Kuhlman Mr./Mrs. Philip R. Sperry Mr./Mrs. Floyd F. Lewis Mrs. A,F. Seay, Jr. Miss Pat Kuszaj Ms. Sally B. Spitzer Dr./Mrs. Robert E. Shank Mrs. A. French Shreve Mr. Richard F. LaMonica Ms. Dorothy H. Stefacek Mr./Mrs. Edward D. Weakley Ms. Elizabeth B. Talley Dr./Mrs. Robert G. Levitt Mr./Mrs. Evic P. Stillwell Mr./Mrs. Edwin S. Taylor Mr./Mrs. Marvin B. Levy Mr./Mrs. Louis E. Stuetzer Mr./Mrs. Eugene |. Vogt Mr./Mrs. Gary W. Mabry Ms. Pat Sullivan CONTRIBUTING Mr./Mrs. Dean Wilcoxen Mr./Mrs. R.K. MacLean Miss Marion H. Mathes Mr./Mrs. Scott Swartzbaugh Mr./Mrs, Frank L. Taylor Mr./Mrs. Philip P. Wilson Mr./Mrs. Proctor H. Avon MARCH 1977 TRIBUTES In Honor of Mr. Edward Greensfelder’s 70th Birthday Mrs. Ilma R. Glaser In Honor of Mr. Robert Nagel Clayton Garden Club Group V In Memory of William Ballman Adele and Elsie Brockhoff In Memory of Mrs. Hertha Blankenmeister Mr./Mrs, Carl L.A. Beckers In Memory of Mrs. Frieda Case Dr./Mrs, Armand D, Fries In Memory of Mrs. Eleanor Dunkman Mr./Mrs, Edward Heichelbech In Memory of Nancy Gale Her Thursday Bridge Group In Memory of Mr. Robert M. Hancock Mrs, Joan Cohagen In Memory of J. Edgar Lumpkin Mr./Mrs. William J. Chapman In Memory of Mrs, Edna H. Mara Mr./Mrs. Carl L.A. Beckers In Memory of Mrs. Willette Michener Dr./Mrs, Fred Fabric In Memory of Mrs. Cleveland A. Newton Mrs. Robert E. Meyer In Memory of Mrs. W.R. Peterson Mr./Mrs. William C. Mason In Memory of Mrs. Charles F. Putnam Mrs. Lilliam H. Biggs Mr./Mrs, G.,A. Buder, Jr. Hazel B. Duncan Mrs. Clark P. Fiske Helen E. Harper Mrs. W. Warren Kirkbride Nancy P. Mueller Mr./Mrs. Claude B. Rumble Mr./Mrs. L.A. Schloemer & Family Mrs. Herman Schoonbeck In Memory of Mr. John Reuter, Jr. Dr./Mrs. R.M, Courtney In Memory of Mr. Theodore Schroeder Flora Place Garden Club In Memory of Mrs, Ruth A. Semsrott Directors of Jefferson National Expansion Historical Assn. Mr./Mrs. John A. Phillips In Memory of Mrs. W.O. Slack Dr./Mrs. Charles Schober In Memory of Mrs. Charles H. Sommer Mr./Mrs. Sam'l C. Davis Mr./Mrs, Joseph Lewis Edith S. Mason Mr./Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr. Mr./Mrs. C. Powell Whitehead Mr./Mrs. H. Wuertenbaecher, Jr. In Memory of Mr. Harry Steinmann Irene Steinmann In Memory of Norah J. Taylor Hilda J. Young In Memory of Mahlon B. Wallace, Jr. Eleanor and Henry Hitchcock In Memory of Mrs. Rose Wilson Clayton Garden Club #2 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 2345 Tower Grove Avenue Saint Louis, Missouri 63110 SECOND CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT ST. LOUIS, MO. Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Garden-School Program a ‘Natural’ for 225 Children With funds made possible through a federal grant under the Emergency School Aid Act (ESAA), Susan McNamara of the Missouri Botanical Garden educa- tion staff and John Doty of the Shaw Arboretum education staff designed and implemented a plant science program, which was offered during the 1976-77 school year in one of the city’s new Magnet Schools. Bob Powers, coordinator for the Plant and Ani- mal Ecology Program at the Stix Investigative Learn- ing Center, served as liaison with Garden staff and teachers at the Stix Center. Two hundred and twenty-five children in grades four through eight visited the Garden once a month for a planned activity and followed each field trip Magnet School children take part ina spring growth hunt outside the John S. Lehmann Building, right, Their reactions: “‘As | crawled around the corner, | felt like | was in heaven”; and “‘] remember it was a real good piece of nature.” Inset, upper right, small hands transplant — seedlings. ee J; ») age = aan oy % : cae with a learning session in their own school classrooms or laboratories. Each class also spent a total of three days at Shaw Arboretum in Gray Summit, giving them onsite first- hand experiences with growing things. The fifth-grade students culminated their program with a three-day Camping experience at the Arboretum experimental resident center. The sixth-grade students, as a special project worked both with the Garden education staff and the ecological services department in determining the ele- ments that go into a park. They then designed their own park which was on display at the Lashly Branch of the St. Louis Public Library through the month of May. 955 OO Pi bee Volume LXV Number 6 June 1977 Members of the American Association of Botanical Gardens and Arboreta, during a recent annual conference at the Garden, tour the Japanese Garden. AABGA Conference Brings Botanical Specialists to Garden For four days in late April, some 200 directors and staff members of botanical gardens, arboreta and educational centers involved in public horticulture in the United States and Canada came together in St. Louis to exchange ideas, insights and experience on common professional goals and problems. The Missouri Botanical Garden was host institu- tion for this prestigious annual meeting of the Ameri- can Association of Botanical Gardens and Arboreta, which also included tours of the Garden, Shaw Arboretum and special gardens in the St. Louis area. The meetings brought into focus the need for master planning and explored the role of the land- scape architect in interpreting these needs, the ways in which botanical gardens meet their goals and serve their publics, funding sources and how to initiate and develop these sources. Highlights of the convention were addresses by Dr. Peter H. Raven, Director of the Missouri Botani- cal Garden, on ‘‘The History and Development of the Missouri Botanical Garden and the Design of the Gar- den from the Botanical Point of View;” and by: — John Simonds, senior partner of Environmental Planning and Design, Pittsburgh, whose firm devel- oped the master plan for the Missouri Botanical Gar- den, on “The Role of the Landscape Architect in The text of the AABGA conference address by Professor Koichi Kawana of the University of California at Los Angeles, designer of the Japa- nese Garden, is reprinted on Pages 7, 8 and 9 of this month’s Bu//etin. Botanical Garden Development;”’ — Professor Koichi Kawana, Professor of Art at the University of California, Los Angeles, designer of Seiwa-En, the Japanese Garden, on ‘‘Symbolism and Esthetics in the Traditional Japanese Garden;”’ — Harry Weese, member of the National Council on the Arts and a nationally known architect and urban designer, whose talk “Beyond Architecture” examined the role and environmental impact of archi- tecture in the urban setting. In other developments it was announced by Dr. Roy Taylor, president of the AABGA, that the associ- ation’s first part-time executive director, for the next two years, is Mildred E. Mathias, emeritus professor of botany at the University of California, Los Angeles, who in her graduate school days at Washing- ton University was associated with the Missouri Bo- tanical Garden. The custom-planned garden tours, arranged by St. Louis Scene, Inc., visited Mr. and Mrs. C.C. Johnson Spink’s garden, designed by Harriet Bakewell; the Robert Wolfson residence, for which Stuart Mertz was landscape architect, and the Chesterfield Mall, where interior and exterior landscaping was done by Robert E. Goetz. AABGA members also toured the Missouri Botanical Garden and Shaw Arboretum dur- ing their stay. The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN is pub lished 12 issues per year monthly by the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 63110 Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo $5.00 per year $6.00 foreign. Engelmann Spruce Planted at Garden During the recent meeting of the American Asso- ciation of Botanical Gardens and Arboreta in St. Louis, a tree of the Engelmann spruce, Picea engel- mannit, was planted between the Museum and the Administration Building by the Garden’s Director, Dr. Peter H. Raven, and Dr. William G. Gambill, Di- rector of the Denver Botanic Gardens. The tree, together with two others to be planted later in the spring, commemorate the memory of Dr. George Engelmann, an associate of Henry Shaw for more than 30 years as Shaw’s botanical and scientific advisor. Engelmann specialized in the study of conifers and in the study of the flora of the West, so it is appropriate that his name is associated with this west- ern spruce. The name for the species was first sug- gested in 1863 by Dr. C.C. Parry of Denver in a letter recorded in the Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis. Parry described his impressions of the plants he observed and collected while climb- ing Pike’s Peak. “My attention having been particularly directed to this species by Dr. Engelmann, | became soon satis- fied, in pursuing the investigation, that this was in fact a single undescribed species. . . to which, accord- ingly, | have ventured to affix the name of its actual discoverer, calling it Abies engelmanni.” The detailed scientific description and discussion of the species was written by Engelmann himself and appeared later in the same volume of the Transactions under the present name, Picea enge/mannii. The type specimen of this species is preserved in the herbarium. It consists of several branches and cones and was collected from Clear Creek bottom, near Empire City, Colo. This specimen is the ultimate standard on which judgment concerning the applica- tion of the name Picea enge/mannii must be based. The cones on the newly planted tree, which was col- lected from a locality near Webster, Colo., about 10 miles south of Empire City, match those on the type. We are confident that the tree planted to commemo- rate Engelmann is the same species that was named for him. Garden-to-Gallery Program The correlation between forms in nature and their counterparts in art will be explored Saturday, July 9, at a joint family presentation given by the Missouri Botanical Garden and the St. Louis Art Museum. The garden-to-gallery program will begin at the Garden and conclude at the museum. Participants are asked to wear comfortable shoes and come prepared to walk. Reservations can be made through the Gar- den Education Department, 772-7600. An Engelmann Spruce, in memory of Or. George Engelmann, was planted at the Garden during the recent AABGA conference. On hand for the planting are, from left, Dr. William G. Gambill, director of the Denver Botanic Gardens; Dr. Peter H. Raven, director of the Missouri Botanical Garden; and Dr. Marshall Crosby, head of the Garden’s Botany Department. Henry Shaw Cactus Society Show Preparations are underway for the largest annual cactus show in the Midwest, the annual show of the Henry Shaw Cactus Society, to be held in the Floral Display House August 27 through September 5. Entries in 111 classes will compete for a silver trophy. Junior members, aged 5 to 15, will also com- pete and this year for the first time a new class for photography and painting has been added, The Henry Shaw Cactus Society celebrated its thirty-fifth anniversary at a banquet at Heritage House June 4. Speaker was Joyce Tate, author of “The Cactus Cookbook,’”’ who presented a slideshow, “Aloe ‘75: Adventures in Rhodesia.” Henry Shaw Cactus Society was founded in July 1942, by the late Ladislaus Cutak of the Missouri Botanical Garden. The organization now has more than 200 members in 17 states and foreign countries. Further information on the cactus society may be obtained from the society vice-president and show chairman, Mrs. Betty Demzik, 7 Frontenac Estates, 567-1383. 3 Garden Visitors tae Tes The Floral Display House is packed with plants and people during a preview party for the Garden’s Spring Flower Show. Professor Koichi Kawana, designer of the Japanese Garden, toasts the new development after closing the valve to fill up the Japanese Garden Jake. Aine Dr. Marshall Crosby, right, head of the Garden’s Botany Department, describes herbarium activities during a recent tour by 65 high-ranking NATO officers from the NATO War College. The tour was arranged by Michael Witunski of McDonnell Douglas Corporation. The Desert House is a tour site during a recent Arts and Education Campaign Kick-off Luncheon. Dr. Raven Elected to National Academy of Sciences Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director, Engelmann Professor of Botany at Washington University and Adjunct Professor of Biology at St. Louis University and the University of Missouri-St. Louis, has been elected to membership in the National Academy of Sciences, one of the highest honors that can be ac- corded to an American scientist or engineer. The National Academy of Sciences is a private organiza- tion of scientists and engineers established by Con- gressional Act of Incorporation in 1863. Dr. Raven was elected to the Academy in recogni- tion of his distinguished and continuing achievements in original research. He is a recognized specialist in plant systematics, the classification of plants, and in the evolutionary relationships between plants and in- sects. Dr. Raven is the author of six books and more than 200 scientific papers. Of the 60 American scientists honored this year Dr. Raven was the only St. Louisan to be inducted by the Academy. He brings to nine the number of Wash- ington University faculty members who are in the Academy. Dr. Raven completed his undergraduate work at the University of California, Berkeley, in 1957 and received his Ph.D. in plant sciences from the Univer- sity of California, Los Angeles. In 1960-61 he was a National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Fellow at the British Museum; in 1961-62 Taxonomist and Curator, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Clare- mont. Ca.; Assistant then Associate Professor, Stan- ford (Ca.) University, 1962-71. While on a sabbatical in 1969-70 he served as senior research fellow at the New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. Director of the Missouri Botanical Garden since 1971, Dr. Raven has placed major emphasis on the development of the Garden’s display features, includ- ing the new Japanese Garden. He has also obtained a number of federal grants supporting the scientific re- search programs at the Garden, a vital element in the Garden’s three-fold purpose of research, education and display. An Evening of Roses An Evening of Roses, featuring the colorful dis- plays of the North Rose Garden and the Anne L. Lehmann Rose Garden, will be held at the Garden from 5 to 7:30 p.m. on Friday, June 10. The event is sponsored by Chrysler-Plymouth South and will include music, refreshments and a special display of prints, rare books and original art work with a rose theme, in the Lehmann Building Library. The North Rose Garden, adjacent to the Garden's historic Linnaean House, was established in 1917 and today represents an important display of rare and prize-winning hybrid roses. North Rose Garden rose- beds are planted by variety, with each bed contain- ing a single type of rose to demonstrate the various colors and forms included within a type. The Anne L. Lehmann Rose Garden, northwest of Tower Grove House, was dedicated in 1976. It lies between a graceful gazebo on the south and the beau- tiful Shapleigh Fountain on the north, with rose varieties planted by color to insure that any number of varieties may be found in a single bed. Additionally, plantings in the Lehmann Rose Garden have been carried out scientifically, so that patterns of color migrate up and down the oval gar- den as the seasons change and the various varieties come to bloom. The Evening of Roses is open to all Garden mem- bers. Symphony Concert An evening concert by the St. Louis Symphony Orchestra will be held in the Garden on Saturday, July 9, at 7:30 p.m., with Gerhardt Zimmermann conducting. Admission will be charged. A program of Brahms and Wagner is planned. Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director, second from /eft, escorts Garden tour during a recent American Bar Association visit. With Dr. Raven is Bertram Tremayne, Clayton attorney and presi- dent-elect of Missouri Bar Association. Specimen Number 2.5 Million Recorded at Garden Herbarium “How many specimens do you have?” is a ques- tion frequently asked by visitors to the herbarium, which houses the Garden’s voluminous dried plant collections. For the past year or so the answer has been, ‘‘about 2.5 million.’’ The answer has been im- precise, because although each new specimen receives an accession number and the numbers have been steadily approaching 2.5 million, many old specimens have never been numbered. The herbarium’s system of numbering each speci- men was introduced in 1913. But at that time the herbarium already contained about 750,000 collec- tions, which it had been accumulating since about 1860. Many of these early specimens still remain un- stamped and unaccessioned so that the highest stamped number does not accurately reflect the actual size of the herbarium. Specimen number 2.5 million is stamped at the Garden herbarium. On hand for the herbarium milestone are, from left, Howard F. Baer, Member Garden Board of Trustees; Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director; Tom K. Smith, Jr., president of the Garden Board of Trustees; and Dr. Marshall Crosby, head of the Garden’s Botany Department. On April 19 specimen number 2,500,000 was stamped by Tom K. Smith, Jr., President of the Board of Trustees. To emphasize the need for stamp- ing many old specimens, a collection made on Pike’s Peak in 1862 was chosen — the type specimen of the Bristle Cone Pine, Pinus aristata, which was described by Dr. George Engelmann in 1863. Although we can now say accurately that there are 2.5 million speci- mens in the herbarium, as many as 200,000 old speci- mens remain to be numbered. So far this year more than 10,000 of these have been located and stamped by the plant mounters and volunteers. Each specimen needs to be stamped for several reasons. Not only does the accession number tell how many specimens are in the herbarium, the stamp also gives the location, ‘‘Missouri Botanical Garden Her- barium.’’ Thus, when specimens are loaned to other institutions for study, their place of origin is easily identifiable to the borrower and assures the return of the specimens. 6 Further, since each specimen has its own number, it can be used by scientists when they wish to refer to a specific specimen in the herbarium, an important distinction when other information associated with a specimen is meager, or when several duplicate speci- mens of a given collection exist. Example: ‘The type of Pinus aristata Engeim. is Missouri Botanical Gar- den 2,500,000."’ Garden Gate Shop Gifts Wedding gifts, graduation gifts or the perfect gift for Father are available at the Garden Gate Shop as we look forward to a busy June. The shop is featuring a summertime assortment of glasses, ice buckets, and serving pieces for informal entertaining. With the growing season upon us, we also feature garden statuary, outdoor pots and bas- kets as well as crystal bud vases of all sizes. We en- courage everyone to visit the Garden Gate Shop for summer gifts and accessories. Tea for Volunteers National Volunteer Week, April 25 through May 1, was celebrated at the Garden with a tea for 450 Garden Volunteers, held at the home of Garden direc- tor, Dr. Peter Raven, and Mrs. Raven. In honor of the new Japanese Garden, Japanese green tea complemented traditional Japanese cookies and other delicacies at the serving table. The tea was held in recognition of the many hours given each year by Garden Volunteers, in jobs that range from work- ing in the grounds to helping with botanical research in the herbarium. Volunteering time to the Garden is an excellent way to meet and work with staff members and other volunteers who share a common interest in horticul- ture. It is also a means of increasing your own horti- cultural knowledge. In addition, there is the satisfaction of knowing you are helping where help is needed. The Garden could not maintain its high standards of performance at all levels of operation without its volunteers. The tea was only a small way of expressing the Garden's deep gratitude to all its Volunteers. If you are interested in information concerning the Garden’s Volunteer program, please call Carol Taxman at 772-7600, extension 53, on Tuesday or Thursday mornings. One-half day a week is all that is necessary, and no previous experience is required. Symbolism and Esthetics in the Japanese Garden Professor Koichi Kawana The typical traditional Japanese garden combines characteristics which have been developed over many centuries and which reflect the differing influences prevailing during particular periods of history. Some persons who have visited many such gardens deny the existence of a ‘‘typical traditional Japanese garden’”’ claiming that the gardens they have seen differ greatly one from another. However, this is comparable to stating that an ‘‘average Japanese’’ does not exist be- cause each Japanese is so different. Just as most Japanese share characteristics which can be identified, so it is possible in most cases to identify a traditional Japanese garden by analyzing its general appearance and savoring its atmosphere. It should be noted that, until this century, such gardens were seldom if ever opened to the public. They were built by the ruling elite to meet their per- sonal requirements or by temples to create in their surroundings a mood appropriate to worship and con- templation. Shugaku-in, one of the largest gardens in Kyoto, was built for a retired emperor so that he might spend his remaining years enjoying an undis- turbed tranquility. The garden of the Silver Pavilion or Ginkakuji was created for the Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimasa in order that he might escape the madden- ing conflicts and violence taking place in the capital nearby. Japan’s greatest general hoped to earn merit by initiating the building of the famous garden of the Katsura Detached Palace for the son of the reigning emperor. Gardens or niwa provided a means of achieving the peace of mind that rulers sought for so desperate- ly in the periods of strife and conflict which marked much of Japan’s history. In its origin the garden was representative of utopia or, more often, a paradise of Buddha. Both concepts were derived from China. One, which came to Japan in the sixth century, was the product of China’s ancient mythology. The other gained credence as Buddhism came to influence all sectors of Japanese life. Indigenous factors such as Japan’s insularity also had an impact on the develop- ment of gardens. The character of most of the famous gardens of today owe much of their development to the influ- ence of Zen Buddhism which was brought from China in the thirteenth century and became a major influ- ence in Japan in the two following centuries. A real appreciation and understanding of the tra- ditional Japanese garden is complex and difficult. The visual entities which may appear as a design in the Western sense of forms, textures, and colors are less important than the invisible philosophical, religious, and symbolic elements. This is shown clearly when the derivation and importance of the key elements present in some form in almost every garden of this type are examined. These elements include water, is- lands or stones, plants and garden accessories. Symbolism Japan is a group of islands surrounded by oceans and seas. From ancient times, the Japanese people had an affinity for the sea. Water as a design element in the garden is crucial. One of the most popular styles of garden is called chisen in which a pond or lake occupies the most significant portion of the gar- den. Water’s importance is not as a substance but as a symbol and expression of the sea. Even the quantity of water present is unimportant. If space is a prob- lem, one is supposed to be able to enjoy the tranquili- ty of the sea in contemplation of a bucketful of water contained in a stone water basin. The presence of water itself is not required. In the dry garden or karesansu/ style, the sea is symbolized by gray gravel or sand and the state of the sea is expressed by sand patterns or samon created by rak- ing the sand to form certain designs. A sea without islands is unthinkable and in the creation of such islands the Japanese owe much to the concepts imported from China mentioned pre- viously. One of the earliest developments was the shinsen-shiso, a utopia or sacred place remote from ordinary human society. In this tradition an island of immortal and everlasting happiness called hora/san or horaijima became an important element in the gar- den. Later, as a result of the growth of Buddhism, the sacred island was replaced by schumisen, the legend- ary mountain on which Buddha was believed to have lived. Often the names were used interchangeably. Crane and tortoise islands belong in this category. According to Chinese mythology, the crane lives a thousand years and the tortoise ten thousand years. Symbols of auspiciousness and longevity, the actual beings are often simulated by the shape of the islands. Another auspicious symbol is the k/bune or treasure ship which sails the seas and is represented often by a rock or group of rocks. Such islands, due to their sacred character, are inaccessible to human beings and no bridges are con- structed to reach them. In contrast, ordinary islands called nakajima are accessible to the mainland by (Continued on next page) , bridges and it is on these latter islands that one may find teahouses and arbors. In dry gardens, islands are symbolized by rocks of interesting shapes set in gravel or sand. Groups of stones representing a rocky seashore may be arranged near the edge of a lake or its gravel or sand depiction. The ‘‘three Buddha” arrangement called sanson is one of the most orthodox styles in the art of stone ar- rangement. It consists of three rather vertical stones. The largest stone which is always placed in the center represents the Buddha while the two smaller stones placed nearby represent two Bodhisattvas. This ar- rangement is used commonly to express horaisan, shumisen, or a waterfall. Trees and plants used in the garden are closely interwoven with the spiritual and ohysical life of the Japanese people. The pine is a major basic structural tree. Traditionally it is called tok/wa and, as an ever- green, it expresses both longevity and happiness. The black and red pines symbolize the positive and nega- tive forces in the universe. The Japanese black or male pine called omatsu represents the former force and the red or female pine called mematsu represents the latter force. Bamboo is usually found in such gardens and plum trees are often grown there. Combinations of pine, bamboo, and plum are used in decorations to mark the New Year and the most auspicious occa- sions. Bamboo is an evergreen also and is credited with auspicious characteristics similar to those of the pine while the plum is thought to embody the qualli- ties of vigor and patience since it is the first to bloom after a severe winter. Esthetics Many unique Japanese concepts and esthetics involved in traditional Japanese gardens stem from Zen Buddhism. Whereas the previous importation of Buddhism had come from Tang China, Zen concepts came from Sung China. Its influence on the art and architecture of the country has been impressive and lasting. Esthetic values which are believed by both Japanese and Westerners to be uniquely Japanese in Origin such as simplicity, naturalness, refined ele- gance, subtlety and the use of the suggestive rather than the descriptive mode of communication are either products of Zen thought or were reinforced by it. It is said to be impossible to describe Zen in words since the doctrine denies this possibility. The doctrine rejects intellectually devised images in favor of direct experience. Shortly after the doctrine’s introduction into Japan, its monks began the construction of gardens. The essential design elements included in these gar- dens came to be the main elements of what is known today as a traditional Japanese garden. Naturally the employment of these elements provided the monks with an opportunity to express the ‘‘way of Zen.” In 8 them Zen principles were translated into very special esthetics. In describing these Zen concepts English is used where there is a commonly definable equivalency. Where the concept is unique to Japanese thought, the Japanese term is used alone. Among the concepts im- portant to garden building are: Asymmetry involving a preference for the imper- fect over the perfect form and shape and a preference for odd rather than even numbers. Simplicity which looks to the achievement of “nothingness” or mu. Koko refers to aging accompanied by maturation and mellowness stressing the importance of aged quality and time. Natura/ness or shizen requires avoidance of the artificial or forced. Yugen is the achievement of profundity with mystery, the use of darkness to create stillness and tranquility, and the utilization of the technique of miegakure or avoidance of full expression which re- quires the hiding of a part of the whole. Wabi, sabi, and shibu/ translated as austerity, ele- gant simplicity, and tastefulness. Seijaku or the attainment of stillness, quiet, and tranquility. Japanese monks returning from China brought back Zen teachings and many art objects common in Sung China. The latter were products of Zen philoso- phy and were prized highly by art connoisseurs among the aristocrats, monks and warriors of the time. Most important, however, in influencing the development of gardens were the black monochrome landscape paintings called su/boku sansu/ga. In order to reach the essence of things, all non- essential elements must be eliminated. Color is avoided whenever possible. Black sum/ ink is the one true color and in it one can see endless varieties of all colors. Translating this to a garden calls for the pre- dominant utilization of monochromatic green. Flow- ers in natural colors should be used only to enhance the value of the monochromatic color. Under Zen influence the dry garden became one of the dominant types of gardens and stone came to be most important as a part of garden design. What the su/boku painting had expressed with bold brush strokes was achieved by the proper placement of a few rocks and trimmed shrubs to symbolize the grandeur of mountains and nature compressed into a small cosmos. Void or negative space expressed by gravel covers the majority of the ground and is as important to the garden as is the stone arrangement. Irregular shaped, dark colored stones are selected to carry out the concepts of yugen and shibui. The tea garden was created by Zen teamasters. Tea was introduced originally to Japan when Eisai, a Zen monk, returned from China about 1200 A.D. Later, during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, the art of the tea ceremony or another ‘‘way”’ of Zen Buddhism was developed. To emphasize Zen princi- ples, a unique teahouse and tea garden was developed. Zen elements were added to the tea garden when Sen-no-Rikyu (1522-1591) developed the ‘‘cottage’”’ or soan style of tea ceremony. The tea garden was called roji which was supposed to bring to mind a forest path to a remote village or mountain. Naturalis- tic planting was preferred and artificially trimmed or colorful plants rejected. Since it was a pathway, step- ping stones were a main feature of this garden. But in such gardens, smaller and unobtrusive stones were used for this purpose. Ornaments common to these gardens such as water basins and special stone lanterns had a direct relation to the ceremony itself. Usually the objects used were old, weathered and covered with moss to reflect the Zen esthetics mentioned before. It is inter- esting to note that even though both the dry garden and the tea garden express Zen esthetics, the tea gar- den was designed to be walked in while the dry gar- den was to be viewed in contemplation. In order to provide an atmosphere of other- worldliness and isolation for participants in the tea ceremony, the more formal tea gardens are composed of an outer garden, a middle garden, and an inner garden in which the teahouse is located. After slowly traversing these spaces and arriving at the teahouse, the participants are supposed to be in a mood of tranquility which will help them to concentrate on the meaning of the ceremony. For this reason utmost care must be taken in the design of the garden and architectural entities to achieve simplicity and natu- ralness, and to evoke the qualities of secluded quiet- ness, stillness, and tranquility. In this sense, with the exception of the dry gardens belonging to Zen temples, the tea garden, compared to any other part of the Japanese garden is the best place to discover Zen influenced esthetics. Design In order to evoke the criteria of Zen esthetics mentioned before, the suggestive mode of expression became a main approach to garden design. Specifical- ly, the designer must adhere to the concept of miegakure since Japanese believe that in expressing the whole the interest of the viewer is lost. The de- signer must motivate the viewer to achieve empathy with the garden and use suggestive means to arouse the viewer’s imagination making possible the expan- sion of the garden beyond its physical bounds. The teahouse or arbors in the garden are partially hidden behind trees or fences and beautiful garden accessories such as stone lanterns are set beside trees and shrubs in a manner to avoid total exposure. The main body of a rock is set deep in the ground. The human desire to expose every inch of a costly object is suppressed. Colorful objects are eliminated as build- ing materials. Natural and subdued colors are praised. Symmetry in shapes or forms are avoided whenever possible. The shape and counter of the lake and the form are irregular. The grouping of stones and trees are odd in number. An important concept in the garden is ‘‘simplic- ity’ or kanso. In this concept, beauty is attained through omission and elimination. Simplicity must not be confused with plainness which is, in many cases, monotonous or a lack of refinement. Simplicity means the achievement of maximum effect with mini- mum means. Buildings, bridges, fences, and pavement all utilize natural material constructed in a most imaginative and refined manner. The esthetic concept of naturalness or shizen pro- hibits the use of elaborate designs and overrefine- ment. The garden designer must conceal his creative innovations under the guise of nature. A close exami- nation of many garden walks and pavement reveal the most intricate and creative patterns but they are ren- dered inconspicuous by the utilization of natural and subdued colors and textures. Meticulously trained and trimmed oversized bonsa/ style pines appear to be century old trees which have developed naturally in the garden. The actual physiological phenomena conceived in the Zen esthetics of wab/, sabi, shibui, koko, yugen, and se/jaku is the state of things seen by the eye of an ordinary person such as weathering or fuka, erosion or shinshoku, and wear or mametsu. However, such natural phenomena were regarded highly as esthetic values as a result of their impact on the Japanese intellectual-emotional response. For this reason the “element of time’’ became an important ingredient in the development of the garden. Time allows Zen qualities to be present. Koko implies that things improve or mature with time. The Western concept of an “‘instant garden” is denied in Japan. With time and proper care the true beauty of the properly designed garden will manifest itself. The seven criteria of Zen esthetics which have been introduced are not to be viewed separately be- cause they co-exist one with another in all Zen-influ- enced Japanese gardens. The analysis of the dry gar- den and the tea garden show that, in spite of their differences in style and design, they both follow the criteria mentioned. The same can be said for the other fields of art which have been influenced by Zen such as painting, calligraphy, flower arrangement, tea ceremony, ceramics, and Noh drama. —Koichi Kawana University of California, Los Angeles Professor Kawana’s address was delivered to the American Association of Botanical Gardens and Arboreta Conference, hosted by the Missouri Botan- ical Garden. Member of The Arts and Education Fund of Greater St.Louis Gardening in St. Louis June is the month of warmer weather and the time to consider adequate watering programs for the garden. The area now has a soil moisture index which is given periodically on local TV stations and is based from O to 2 above. Zero index means that the ground is extremely dry and should be watered with the equivalent of 2’ of rain. As the index gets over 2, there is fairly adequate moisture in the soil. As it begins to drop, the home gardener needs to watch very carefully and be prepared to get the hose out and give a good watering. This is the month that heavy mulching will reap good dividends; keeping the soil from compacting, keeping it cooler and also controlling weeds. The compost tends to control ground temperatures and releases the moisture more slowly, which is advanta- geous to the plants. Mulches should be renewed peri- odically as they tend to break down, and extra mulch should be applied at least once a year to keep up a certain level. As the mulch decomposes it releases nu- trients into the soil, helping to feed the plants. Water early in the day or late afternoon allowing plenty of time for the plants to dry before darkness sets in. Heavy watering can be done at any time of the day without hurting the plants. Watering the equivalent of 2” of rain at ten to twelve day intervals, is adequate and much preferred to daily watering. Bare areas in flower borders can still have annuals set out or seeds planted. WEED CONTROL Weed control should be maintained by removing any of the weeds by hand or digging up if necessary and applying mulches to control the weeds them- selves. Lawn areas infested with weeds can now be treated with herbicide, such as 2-4-D with silvex used according to the directions on the container. This should be applied when there is little or no wind, preferably early in the morning when the plants will absorb it. Spraying just to the point of misting leaves is all that is necessary. Spraying to the point of run- off can be detrimental to tree roots in the area. Avoid using any herbicides on plants and to check for insect damage. As soon as insect damage is observed insects should be brought under immediate control with the proper use of a good insecticide recommended for the specific insect. Spider mite, which is a problem in hot, dry areas, particularly on roses and some evergreens, should be sprayed with Kelthane or another good miticide. Ap- ply the spray underneath the leaves and then on top at three-or four-day intervals for at least four applica- tions. Spraying is also necessary to control fungus and black spot on roses. Use Phaltan or Captan or Ben- late, alternating between at least two of these at regu- lar intervals as new growth is formed. 10 CHLORATIC CONDITIONS Due to the severe conditions last year and this winter some plants are showing chlorotic conditions. This is a light green color and in many cases the veins are of a dark green color with the light green in be- tween. This indicates a lack of nourishment. In some of the cases — such as hollies, azaleas and rhododen- dron — it can be corrected by using iron chelate at the rate of one tablespoon per gallon of water along with one tablespoon of Epsom salts. Apply at the rate of one gallon for every 6” to 8” of plant growth. Soil should be moist when this is applied to allow it to get down to the roots of the plants. In many cases the need for fertilizer is also a necessity if plants are not fed earlier. In some cases correct by additional appli- cation of a liquid fertilizer around the base of the plants. In using powder fertilizer it is best to follow with a good watering to keep it off the foliage and prevent any burning from splashing when it rains. Spring flowering shrubs such as spireas, weigelias, forsythia and others, if not pruned, should be pruned immediately by removing some of the older canes and some heading back to control the shape and form of the bush. This should be done as early as possible as the buds will be produced on the current season's wood. Perennials that have finished flowering should have the top seed heads removed and a balanced ferti- lizer worked in around the plants. Super phosphate at the rate of five pounds per 100 square feet may also be advisable. Work this in immediately and follow with a good mulch to control weeds. CUT FLOWERS Cut flowers for the house early in the morning before the sun gets too strong. Place them in warm water, about 95°, in a cool area for a couple of hours before arranging them for table or mantel. A table- spoon of sugar for a quart of water will help to pro- long the life of the flowers. Aspirins and pennies will shorten the life of many flowers. Chrysanthemums can still be divided: lifting the clumps out of the ground and removing the single side stems, pinching back and watering-in well shad- ing for a day or two until they become re-established. This will give ideal flowering in the fall. Asparagus is getting past its growth period and cutting should be ending shortly. Beds should be fer- tilized with a balanced fertilizer and application of heavy mulch to control weed growth. Lawns that have been making poor growth would benefit from normal application of a commercial fer- tilizer such as 6-12-12, applied when the grass is dry or just before a rain. Avoid using fertilizers high in nitrogen which stimulate leaf growth only. VEGETABLE GARDENS Vegetable gardens should be producing well now and should be given adequate watering. If necessary, side dressings of a balanced fertilizer, making rows 2” or 3” from the base of the plant about an inch deep, applying a light application of fertilizer in the row, covering with soil and watering well. Increase the mulching around vegetables to control the soil tem- perature and weed growth. Many of the warm vegeta- bles such as tomatoes, beans and cucumbers can still be planted if space allows. Tomatoes should receive plenty of water and regular feeding of a liquid ferti- lizer to keep them growing well. Mulching under the plants with straw or hay will keep the fruit off the ground and help to prevent fruit rotting. Some thin- ning of vegetables that are planted too thick should be done to allow plenty of room for those remaining to develop properly. Watch for insects and use recom- mended sprays when needed. Follow instructions on the label carefully, and do not use after certain dates according to the instructions on the label. Do not use herbicides of any kind in the vegetable garden. These are poisonous. If lawn areas under trees are doing poorly, addi- tional feeding will be needed or grass removed and replaced by a good mulch or ground cover to avoid high maintenance. Spring bulbs can now be cut back to ground level or dug up and stored in a dry area until thoroughly dried, cleaned and restored, with plenty of air circula- tion. If crabgrass was not controlled earlier and is grow- ing now, proper sprays should be applied as indicated earlier. If mowers have not been raised, you should do so immediately so you are cutting no closer than 2'' — 2%" above the ground level. — Robert J. Dingwall! Chief Horticu/turist The Garden’s Life Mem- bers were honored at a reception held recently in the Henry Shaw Parlor in the Administration Build- ing. In attendance are, from left, Mrs. John §. Lehmann, William Pagenstecher and Howard Baer, GARDEN BOUQUET “On behalf of Governor Duane Yadon and the Lions of District 26-A-1, the writer wishes to thank you, the other officials, and the staff of the Garden for the courtesies extended to Lions International Director Kaoru Murakami of Kyoto, Japan, his wife Shoko, and the rest of the tour party on the occasion of their visit to the Garden. The new Japanese Garden is beau - tiful, and will be a great asset, comparable to the Climatron. “While walking around the Japanese Garden, Director Murakami paused, looked all around him, then said ‘1 have been in possibly one hun- dred Japanese Gardens outside Japan but they all lacked something. Here, today, for the first time | feel that | am in Japan” On Sunday he addressed another Lion District’s Convention in Jefferson City, told of his visit to the Garden, and said, ‘If this Japanese Garden were to be transported to, and set down in, Japan, not one thing would have to be changed.’ | am sure that these expressions will be repeated many times by Director Murakami as he travels throughout the world, not only as a Director of Lions Inter- national, but also as Director General of Urasen- ke, with its more than five million members, all people who are interested in preserving the cul- tural heritage of the old Japan. Sincerely, Thomas M. Langan, International Under- standing & Co-operation Chairman, District 26 A-1, Lions International.” New Developments in Dutch Elm Disease Control Dutch elm disease — which is widespread in the St. Louis area — ts noticed in the early stages during the spring by flagging of the newer parts of the plant where growth is commencing. Drooping of the leaves, curling, shriveling and browning are all symptoms of Dutch elm disease. During mid-summer the signs of this disease are yellowing of the foliage and drooping. Examine the lower trunk of your elm tree in the spring for red burrowing dust, a fine sawdust-like material caught in the bottoms of bark fissures. This dust indicates the presence of native elm bark beetles under the bark. The presence of the beetles does not necessarily mean your trees have Dutch elm disease but means that the are in imminent danger of infec- tion in the next growing season. Where the European elm bark beetle occurs, small twigs on the ground under the elms may indicate that these beetles have been feeding in large numbers and may have caused infection. When either of the above signs are present on your elms or those of your neigh- bors, the immediate thing to do is to call a qualified arborist and have him inspect your tree and if need be, carry out the necessary treatment for the control of the disease. Dutch elm disease is caused by the fungus, Ceratocystis ulmi. Tiny spores of the fungus, are car- ried by elm bark beetles and are rapidly spread through the water conducting system of elm trees causing wilting and death. The disease is spread main- ly by two beetles — the native elm bark beetle and the small European elm bark beetle. The disease can also be spread where trees are close together and roots are intermingled. It is spread through the root system of one plant into another. Prevention of the disease means to keep elms healthy, vigorous and properly pruned. Root feeding with a balanced fertili- zer can do a great deal toward keeping the plants healthy along with a regular watering schedule during periods of drought. One of the most promising chemicals tested to date is Lignasan BLP, DuPont Trademark. This is a water soluble derivative of a widely used Benlate fungicide. This should be applied by qualified arbor- ists who will determine the amount of the material used for individual trees involved. This is injected into the trees using a technique commonly referred to as pressure injection and is usually placed in a series of one-inch diameter holes spaced at 6-inch intervals around the base of the tree. Each hole is drilled through the bark to a depth necessary to reach the current years wood. The rub- ber gasket is placed in the hole; an injection head placed against the gasket and attached to the tree with nails. When a sufficient number of injection sites are established on the tree, all heads are connected to a common manifold by a series of hoses. The mani- fold is then attached to a tank containing fungicide. By application of a tank pressure of 50 pounds per- square-inch, the fungicide can easily be administerd to large trees, often within minutes. Successful treatment depends largely on early de- tection of disease symptoms. In trees where more than 15% of the foliage is symptomatic, chances of curing Dutch elm disease are slight. Treatment can be applied from the time the leaf starts to break out until leaves have matured. For further information on treatment, contact your local arborist in the metropolitan area. MEMBERSHIPS — APRIL 1977 Mr./Mrs. Irwin R. Harris Ms. Doris M. Haverstick Mr./Mrs. Kenneth R. Heineman Mr./Mrs, J. W. Henderson Ms. Mary Louise Winkler Mr./Mrs, E, G. Zeisler NEW MEMBERSHIPS HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATES SPONSORING Mr./Mrs. Howard F. Baer Mr. & Mrs. Herman Pott Mr./Mrs. Joseph H. Bascom SUSTAINING Mr./Mrs. Watson K, Blair Mrs. Irene C. Jones Mrs. John S, Lehmann Mr./Mrs, James S. McDonnell, Jr. Mr. Spencer T, Olin Mr./Mrs, W. R, Orthwein, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Frederic M. Robinson Mrs. Gladney Ross Mr./Mrs. Daniel L. Schlafly Mr./Mrs. Warren M. Shapleigh Mr./Mrs. Sydney Shoenberg, Jr. Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr. Mr./Mrs, C. C, Johnson Spink Mrs. Hermann F. Spoehrer Mrs. Ben H. Wells DIRECTOR'S ASSOCIATES Mr. Clarence C. Barksdale Mr. E. G. Cherbonnier Mr./Mrs. Eldridge Lovelace Mr./Mrs. A. Timon Primm, III Mr./Mrs. Roland Quest Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Ridgway Mr. Roy L. Tarter Miss Harriet Tatman 12 Ms. Eugenia L. Fagyal Mr/Mrs. John Henry Foster Mrs. Thelma Hecht Mrs. Arthur Kerth Mr./Mrs, Jay B. Lawrence Mr./Mrs, Lyle W. McNair Mrs. Thomas P. O'Hare Mr./Mrs. B. Christopher Pratt Mr./Mrs. John R. Roberts Mr. Jerome F. Tegeler Mr./Mrs. Hy A. Waltuch Mr. John Wightman Mr./Mrs. Don L. Wolfsberger CONTRIBUTING Miss Betty Bruck Mr./Mrs. Sidney G. Clark Dr./Mrs. Harold A. Collins Mr. Herbert D. Condie III Mr./Mrs. Tom Cova Mr./Mrs, Joseph Dicroce Miss Barbara A, Dillon Mr./Mrs. Milton S. Fitz Ms. Mildred Fry Mrs, Marjorie H. Hankins Mr./Mrs. Briggs Hoffmann Mr./Mrs. David E. Horn Ms. Jerry A. Johnson Mr./Mrs. G. D. Kelce Ms. Shirley Kingsland Dr./Mrs. Walter D. Kistler Mr./Mrs. Meyer Kopolow Mr./Mrs. Jack A. Lapp Loy-Lange Box Company Mr. Steve Luscomb Mr./Mrs, Joseph T, Michalek Miss Edith Murch Mr./Mrs. James Myles Mr./Mrs, R, W. Peters, 1! Dr. John J. Phillips Mr./Mrs, Ralph E. Piper Mr./Mrs, James E, Pulley Mr, John E, Renner Ms. Mary B. Roberts Dr./Mrs, U. R. Rodriguez Mr./Mrs. Robert G. Scheibe Ms. Edna Schwaner Mr./Mrs. Walter G. Shifrin Miss P. R. Spratt Mr./Mrs. Erwin H. Storck Mr./Mrs. Richard V. Telthorst Mr. James P. Vangel Dr./Mrs. Oliver Abel, III Mr./Mrs. Anthony Abuzeide Miss Alice Achenbach Mrs. Teel Ackerman Mrs. Susan F. Acree Mrs. Hortense Adams Mr./Mrs. Michael Adams Mr./Mrs. J. Walter Adderton Mr./Mrs. Lester R. Adelson Mrs. Lorna Adler Mrs. Shirley Akers Miss Dorothy H. Alexander Mr./Mrs. J. Ralph Alexander Mr./Mrs. Derek Alford Mr. Carl D. Allemann Mr./Mrs, William A. Allen Mr. Edwin F. Allgaier Mr./Mrs. Dean L. Andes Mr./Mrs, Jack Ansehl Mr./Mrs, R, E. Anthony Mr./Mrs. Robert Appleton Mr./Mrs. Fernando Arias Mr./Mrs. Richard R. Arnoldy Mrs, JoAnn Arpiani Mr./Mrs. Roland C. Baer Mr./Mrs. Richard Baldwin Ms. Sally Ball Mr. John Baltrushunas Miss Caroline R. Baltzer Mr./Mrs. Matt Baraba Mr./Mrs. James C. Barnett Mr./Mrs. E. Paul Barnhardt Mrs. John W. Barriger Mr./Mrs. M. Wm. Barry Dr./Mrs. Robert W. Bartlett Ms. Joanne Barton Mrs. William M, Bates Mrs. Leonard A. Batterson Mr./Mrs. Richard H. Bauer Mr./Mrs. Jack C. Beamer Mr./Mrs. Morton R. Bearman Mr./Mrs. W. H. Beauman Dr. George H. Becker Mrs. Sandra Becker Mr./Mrs. Richard Beckman Mr./Mrs. J. L. Behr Ms. Donna H. Beinholdt Miss Alice A. Bell Dr./Mrs. Robert M. Bell Dr. Walter F. Benoist Mr. Mrs. Douglas Berg Mr./Mrs. Harold Berlak Mr./Mrs. Roger Bernhardt Mr./Mrs. Arthur Bertelson Mr. Thomas J. Bertrand Mr./Mrs. Arnold Beyer Mr./Mrs. Charles M. Bieger Mr./Mrs. J. Paul Biesterfeldt Mr./Mrs. F. G. Bietsch Mr./Mrs. David Bishop Mr./Mrs. Ralph E. Bishop, Sr. Mrs. K. H. Bitting Mr./Mrs. Marion L. Blair Mr./Mrs. Charles E. Blank Mr./Mrs. Walter Blase Mr./Mrs. R. Walter Blattenberger Mr./Mrs. Alan Blumberg Mr./Mrs. Stanley C. Blumenthal Miss Marion Bock Mr./Mrs. Ralph Bock Miss L. E. Boettcher Mrs. Charles W. Bolan Dr./Mrs. Albert G. Boldizar Mr./Mrs. E. Ted Boll Mr./Mrs. Alden R. Bond Mrs. Ina Boon Mr./Mrs. Randall! Borts Miss Sarah Bostelmann Mr./Mrs. Edward S. Bott Mr./Mrs. Harry C. Bott Miss Dorothy Bourscheid Mr./Mrs. Frank A. Bowman Mr./Mrs. Oliver K. Boyd Mr./Mrs. William H. Brabson, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Virgel R. Brackett Dr./Mrs. Harry Brady Mr./Mrs. A. L. Brandt Dr./Mrs. Michael D. Brann Mr./Mrs. D. A. Branson Mr./Mrs. John F. Bredehoeft Dr./Mrs. Robert Bregant Mr./Mrs. Harold Bressler Mr./Mrs. James |. Brezovec Mr./Mrs. David A. Bridger Mrs. Harry Brinkop Mr. Michael Brooke Mr./Mrs. Ernest A. Brooks, II Mr./Mrs. Bailey Brown Dr./Mrs. J. F. Brunner Mr./Mrs. Dennis V. Bruns Dr./Mrs. Edward A. Bruns Mrs. Marie B. Bryan Mr./Mrs. Robert Bubb Mr./Mrs. Whit A. Buck Mr./Mrs. James N. Bujac, Jr. Mr./Mrs. James M. Burch Mr./Mrs. William Burgess Mr./Mrs. Martin Burke Mr. Earl Burkhardt Mr./Mrs. A. M. Burnell Mr./Mrs, William V. Burns Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Busse Mr./Mrs. Robert W. Butler, Jr. Ms. Elizabeth Byers Dr. Charles H, Cady Miss Eileen Callahan Ms. M. C. Canfield Mrs. Harry G, Carlson Mr./Mrs, Geo. T. Carmody Ms. Sharon Carmody Ms. Sarah Carr Mr./Mrs. Arthur B. Carter Mr./Mrs. Joe M. Carter Mr./Mrs. Joseph J. Carter Mrs. Richard Casey Mr./Mrs. W. J. Castellani Mr./Mrs. Arthur A. Cataldo Mrs. Susan A. Cejka Mr./Mrs. David G. Chaney Mr./Mrs. John Chapman Mr./Mrs. Ronald A. Charles Mr./Mrs. Delmer Chase Mr./Mrs. Harry Chlebauski Mr./Mrs. William H. Christmann Christner Pertnership, Inc. Mr./Mrs. Willis S. Clark Mr./Mrs. Paul Cliver Mr./Mrs, Stephen Coburn Mr./Mrs. Adolph |. Cohen Mr./Mrs. Sidney Cohen Mrs. Lawrence H. Cohn Mr./Mrs. William G. Cole Mrs. Henry S. Collier Mr./Mrs. Louis J. Colvis Mrs. C. H. Comfort Mr./Mrs. Richard P. Conerly Mr./Mrs. George Conley Sister Rosemary Connell Mr./Mrs. Allen S. Cooper, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Bill Corlew Mr./Mrs. Ralph Corley Ms. Judy A. Cortner Mr./Mrs, Roger Crandall Mrs. James E. Crawford Ms. Florence Creasap Mr./Mrs. Walter F. Creson Mr./Mrs. Dale Crimmins Mr./Mrs. Richard B. Cronheim Mr,/Mrs, John D, Culp Mr. E. R. Culver, Il Mr./Mrs. Richard Currall Mr./Mrs. Francis B. Curran Mrs, Phillip J. Dahl Ms, Jaine Daniels Mr./Mrs, James E. Danning Ms. Helen Darragh Mr./Mrs. Clarence C. Daugherty Mr./Mrs. Donald Davis Mr./Mrs, J. E. Davis Mr./Mrs. J. Wendell Davis Miss Virginia R. Dawes Mrs. Howard P. Dawson Ms. Emma T. Dee Mr./Mrs. A. S. Dennis Dr./Mrs. John L. DePond Mr./Mrs. C. E. Desimone Mr./Mrs. Stephen R. Desioge Mrs. Audrey G. DeVoto Mrs. Theresa Diani Mr. Robert L. Dick Mr./Mrs. A. H. Diederich Mrs. Joseph W. Dierker Mr./Mrs. David A. Dierks Mr./Mrs. Ralph H. 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Frederick Mr./Mrs. Robert Frei Mr./Mrs. M, Gale Fridley Mr./Mrs. William H. Friedewald Mr./Mrs. Gary Friedman Mr./Mrs. Lawrence D. Friedman Mr./Mrs. William K. Frymoyer Mr./Mrs. Harold C. Gaebe, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Daniel B. Gale Mr./Mrs. Leone C. Gale, Jr. Ms. Catherine A. Gallagher Mr./Mrs. Allan M. Gallup Dr./Mrs. Terry L. Gamache Mrs. Renee Ganer Mr./Mrs. Ron Ganer Ms. Lee Gans Miss Betty L. Gardner Mr. Timothy M. Gardner Mr./Mrs. Abe J. Garland Mr. T. H. Garland Mr./Mrs. John Garofalo Dr./Mrs. Michael Gast Mr./Mrs. Alan W. George Mr./Mrs. F. L. George Mr./Mrs. James P. Georgia Mr./Mrs. Ben J. Gerker Ms. LaVerne Germann Mr./Mrs. Edw. L. Gersbacher Mr./Mrs. Donald W. Gerth Mr./Mrs. Charles Giesler Mr./Mrs. Harry G. Giessow Mr./Mrs. James O. Gillian Mrs. John L. Gillis Mr./Mrs. E, William Gillula Dr. John E, Gilster Miss Marilyn Glueck Mr./Mrs. P. Whit Godfrey Ms. Janet E. Goldberg Dr./Mrs. Alvin Goldfarb Dr./Mrs. Alan Goldman Mr. Lewis A. Goldstein Mr./Mrs. Michael G. Goldstein Dr./Mrs. Cesar A. Gomez Mr./Mrs. David M. Gonos Mr./Mrs. John E. Gornet Ms. Judith Gosik Mr./Mrs. Ralph W. Gould Mr./Mrs. Albert Grabel Ms. Edith Graber Mr./Mrs. Jay A. Grable Mr./Mrs. Glenn E. Graff Mr./Mrs. Raymond J. Graff Mr. James P. Graham Mr./Mrs. Michael G. Gratz Mr./Mrs. Warren Geauel Mrs. O. R. Grawe Mr./Mrs. John W. Gray Mr./Mrs. Wilson Gray Mr./Mrs. E. Hart Green, Jr. Mr./Mrs. James A. Greenblatt Mr./Mrs. Andrew Greensfelder Mr./Mrs. Allen C. Griffith Dr./Mrs. M. W. Grimm Mr./Mrs. Omer J. Gross Mr./Mrs. Roger K. Grosswiler Ms. Alma Gruchalla Mrs. Albert A. Guze Ms. Mary P. Hackett Mr./Mrs. Frank H. Hackmann Dr. W. F. Haines Mr./Mrs. Anthony Hajek Mr./Mrs. Richard V. Halbert Mrs. Barbara Halbrook Mr./Mrs. Roddy A. Hall Mr./Mrs. Victor S. Hallauer Dr./Mrs. Mark J. Halloran Mr./Mrs. Henry J. Halverson Mrs. Emily B. Hamilton Mr./Mrs. Philip C. Hamm Mrs. Jean Hammel Dr./Mrs, Joseph Hanaway Mr./Mrs. Wayne T. Hanebrink Mr. William Hanes Mr. Joseph J. Hanses Dr./Mrs. Homer H. Hanson Mr./Mrs. V. S. Hardin Mr./Mrs. Robert L. Harmon Mr./Mrs. Edw. M. Harris Miss Mary F. Hartman Mr./Mrs. James R. Hartung Mr./Mrs. Robt. T. Harvey Mr./Mrs. E. W. Havey Mrs. Florence Hawk Mr./Mrs. Geo. L. Hawkins, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Richard M. Hawley Mr./Mrs. J. W. Headrick Mr./Mrs. Daniel Heagney Dr./Mrs. Paul A. Hein, Jr. Mr./Mrs. John F. Heintz Mr. A. Hellstern Mr./Mrs. Paul J. Henderson Mr. Robert F. Henkel Mr. Duane E. Henricks Mr./Mrs. Cletus W. Henry Miss Jane V. Henry Dr./Mrs. Wm. J. Henry Mr./Mrs. Gene Herbst Mrs. Lilly B. Hermann Mr./Mrs. Eugene W. Herr Mr./Mrs. Ivan Herring Mr./Mrs. Frank Hertelendy Mr./Mrs. Rick Heyl Mr./Mrs. Geo. E. Hibbard Mr./Mrs. Geo. L. Hibbard Mr./Mrs. W. A. Hightower Mr. Chas. E. Hildebrand Mr./Mrs, Harry M. Hinchey Mr./Mrs. Gerald Hinkebein Mr./Mrs. Thos, F. Hirsch G. F. Hitschfel Ms. Barbara Hoefler 13 Mr./Mrs. Arthur C. Hoffman Mrs. Richard E. Holekamp, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Wm. S. Holmes Mr./Mrs. D, Allison Holt Rev./Mrs. Chas. F. Homeyer Mr./Mrs. Wm. J. Hormberg Mr./Mrs. Walter S. Hosea Mr./Mrs, Harrison N. Howe Mr./Mrs. Harold R. Hoy Mr. James W. Hoyt Mr./Mrs. John T. Hubert Ms. Kathleen A. Huelsing Mr./Mrs. Arthur T. Huey Mr./Mrs. Bernard J. Huger Mrs. Bertram L. Hughes Mr./Mrs. James B. Huguenin Mr./Mrs. Daniel C. Hurley Mr./Mrs, Orville F. Huster Dr. Yasuo Ishida Mr./Mrs. M. Israel Ms. Diane Jacobs Ms. Dorothy G. Jamieson Ms. Pam J. Jarson Mr./Mrs. Howard Jerome Dr./Mrs. John Johnstone, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Thos. H. Jolls, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Fairfax Jones Mr./Mrs. Richard M. Jones Mrs. Walter M. Jones Mr./Mrs. J. B. Jorgenson Mr./Mrs. Wm, Joy Mr./Mrs. Eugene C. Kacin Mr./Mrs. T. A. Kadlec Mrs. Clara M. Kalz Dr./Mrs. Michael F. Kaplan Mr./Mrs. Herman M. Katcher Miss Deborah Katz Mr./Mrs. George Karzenberger Dr./Mrs. Robt. L. Kaufman Dr./Mrs. Michael D. Keenoy, Jr. Mr. J. Milton Keller, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Chas. D. Kelly Mr./Mrs. Edw. T. Kelly Mr./Mrs. Robt. J. Kemper Mr./Mrs. John Kendall Mr./Mrs. Harry B. Kennedy Mr./Mrs. David E. Kennel! Mr./Mrs. Donald Kennerly Dr./Mrs. John Kenney Mr./Mrs. Robt. D. Kenworthy Mr./Mrs. John Kethley Mr./Mrs. Peter Keyes Mr./Mrs. James C. Keifer Mr./Mrs, Erich H. Kiehl Mrs, Pat Kiesel Mr./Mrs. Chas. Kindleberger Truman L. King & Associates Mr./Mrs. Thos. M. King Mr./Mrs. Roger P. Kipp Mr./Mrs. James S. Kirkwood, Jr. Dr./Mrs. Ralph J. Kitchell Mr. Thomas E, Kitta Mr./Mrs. C. R. Kjellstrom Dr. Raymond W. Klauber Dr. Arnold S. Klein Mr./Mrs. Chas. Kloepfer Mr./Mrs. Vincent A. Knopp, Jr. Dr./Mrs. Donald R. Knott Mr. David Koch Mr./Mrs. Rodney C. Koch Mr./Mrs. Robt. E. Koehler Dr. Robt. F. Koenig Mr./Mrs. Gunther N. Kohn Mr./Mrs. James H. Korn Mr./Mrs. William Korn Mrs. Albert E. Kozlowski Dr./Mrs. Russell R. Kraeger Mr./Mrs. David |. Kramer Mr. Michael S. Kramer Ms. Stephanie A. Kreis Ms. Lenora Kriege Mrs. Arthur Krings, Jr. Mrs. Jesslyn Kuefler Mr./Mrs. Anthony Kulezycki Maj. Gloria C. Kyne Mr./Mrs. Roy M. Laclair Mr./Mrs. Robert Lakas Mr. Thomas M. Lane Mr. Raymond E. Lange, Jr. Miss Bernice Langenohl 14 Mr./Mrs. James Larson Mr./Mrs, Victor Lary Mr./Mrs. Robt. H. Lauer Ms. Tamzin A. Lauer Mr./Mrs. Harold K. Lausen Ms. Anne C, Lawrence Mr./Mrs. Richard Lay Dr./Mrs. Jerome L’Ecuyer Mrs. Billie Lederle Mr./Mrs. Gary D. Lee Ms. Iris C. Lee Mr./Mrs. Ralph Lee Mrs. Wm. E. Legan Mr./Mrs. Donald O. Legg Mr./Mrs. Wallace G. Lehmann Mr./Mrs. Paul Lehner Mr./Mrs. Danie Lehocky Mr./Mrs. Edgar H. Lehrman Mr./Mrs. Frank H. Leonard Mr./Mrs. Gregory J. Leonard Mr./Mrs. Chas. E. Leonhardt Mr./Mrs. Wm. F. Leslie Mrs. Faye Levey Mr./Mrs. Bernard P. Levin Mr./Mrs. Monroe D. Levy Mr. Alan Lewia Mr./Mrs. Edw. H. Lewis Mr. E. Daniel Liberman Ms. Susan C, Limbach Ms. Mary K. Lindenberger Mr./Mrs. Alan M. Lloyd Mr./Mrs. Arthur E. Loewnau Mr./Mrs. James V. Long Mr. John M. Longmire Mr./Mrs. Kenneth R. Longsdorf Mr./Mrs. Monte Lopata Mr./Mrs. Robt. B. Love Mr./Mrs. Frank W. Lovejoy Mr./Mrs. James R. Lowell Mrs. Fred T. Lowy Dr./Mrs. Kenneth Luskey Mr. Jeffrey S. Lydon Mrs. C. W. Machalek Mr./Mrs. John V. Mackell Mr./Mrs. Bert Maechling Mr./Mrs. Walter G. Majtas, Sr. Mr./Mrs, Peter J. Maniscalco Miss Mary Beth Manson Mr./Mrs. Ronald W. Maret Mr./Mrs. Murry A. Marks Mr./Mrs. Chas. H. Marshall Mr./Mrs. Theo. R. P. Martin Sister Marie Louise Martinez Mr./Mrs. Wm. C. Martinez Dr./Mrs. Mark N. Martz Mrs. Sandra J. Mason Mr./Mrs. Lester C. Massmann Mrs. Elisabeth E. Masters Mrs. Jacqueline Mathison Mr./Mrs. Robert H. Matt Mr./Mrs. M. C. Matthes Dr./Mrs. Lorenzo P. Maun Dr./Mrs. Paul F. Max Mr. John A. Maynard Mr./Mrs. K. R. McCaffrey Mrs. H. R. McCarroll Mrs. Stanley McCarthy Mrs. Matthew S. McCauley Mr./Mrs. James E. McClelland Mrs. Donna McConkey Mr./Mrs. Michael McCorkle Miss Patricia McCormick Dr./Mrs. Allan H. McCown Mrs. Charlotte A. McCully Ms. Lillian McDaniel Mrs. F. Donald McDonald Mr./Mrs. Robert McElwain Mr./Mrs. John P. McGrath Mrs. |da Ann McHaney Mr./Mrs. Carl E. McKenzie Mr./Mrs. James L. McKown, Jr. Mr. Craig A. McLeod Miss Betty McNichols Mr./Mrs. R. H. McWilliams Dr. Charles N. Mead Mrs. H. W. Mecker Miss Pauline Medlen Mr./Mrs. W. Kenneth Menke Mrs. Louise D. Merrill Dr./Mrs. Stuart M. Mertz, Jr. Mr./Mrs. G. Mesmer Mr./Mrs. Jos. F. Meyer Ms. Lee Meyer Mr./Mrs. Morton Meyer Mr./Mrs,. Ronald E, Meyer Mr./Mrs, Russell D. Meyer, Jr. Mr./Mrs. William L. Meyer Mr./Mrs. Arthur C. Meyers Dr. John B. Meyers Miss Marie Meuser Mr./Mrs. Andrew J. Mikula Mr./Mrs. Charles D. Mill Mr./Mrs, H. E. Miller, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Jefferson Miller, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Horace Mills, Jr. Mrs. M. Ryrie Milnor Mr. John C. Milton Mr./Mrs. Burt Mirrop Dr. W. C. Missey, Jr. Miss Fay A. Mitchell Mrs. Jacqueline Mitchell Mr. Mark D. Mittleman Mr./Mrs. Warren G. Moench Ms. Judith Mold Ms. Nalda Gil Molho Mr./Mrs. Clarence H. Mongold Mr./Mrs. Thomas Monsees Mr./Mrs. James J. Montequin Mr. Gerald M, Montgomery Mr./Mrs. Michael R. Montgomery Miss Mary A. Moore Dr./Mrs. Alfred A. Morioka Mr./Mrs. John Morris Mr./Mrs. Paul Morrissey Mrs. Robert B. Morrow Mr. Lucius B. Morse, III Mr. Hugh S. Mosher Mr./Mrs. Herbert K. Moss Mr./Mrs, Randall E. Moyle Mr./Mrs. Thomas Mruzik Miss Marie G. Muchmore Dr./Mrs. C. E. Mueller Mr. Charles D. Mueller Mr./Mrs. Clifford E. Mueller Mr./Mrs. H. W. Mueller Miss Elizabeth Mullen Mr./Mrs. Carl Munger Dr./Mrs. Daniel J. Murphy Mr. Stephen P. Naber Mrs. Marcella M. Nahm Mr./Mrs. Sam M. Nakano Mr. Ken Nash Mr./Mrs. Webe H. Naunheim Rev./Mrs. James F. Neil! Mr./Mrs. Gideon E. Nelson Dr. Charles A. Nester, Jr. Ms. Jo Ann Nester Mr./Mrs. James F. Neuner Miss Anne Nicholson Mr./Mrs. Gerald Nicholson Mrs, Elisabeth Nohl Mr. Peter Norberg Miss Julianne Oakes Mr./Mrs. G. Oehlert Mr./Ms. Roger Omre Dr./Mrs. F. Hodge O'Neal Miss Marian King O'Reilly Mr./Mrs. Lee Orkeles Miss Cecelia L. Orr Mr./Mrs, Edward P. Ortleb Mr./Mrs. Wayne E. Ortmann Mr./Mrs. Charles A. Orwig Mrs. Beulah |. Osberghaus Mr./Mrs. C. M. Osborne Mr. Wm. C. Osdieck Mr./Mrs. Albert J. Ostergaard Mr./Mrs. John A. Othman Mr./Mrs. Robert W. O'Toole Dr./Mrs. Harry B. Overesch Mr./Mrs. Stephen B. Overton Mr./Mrs. Fred. L. Padberg Paul W. Palmer, M.D. Mr./Mrs. Steve Pavlovic Mr./Mrs. Ronald Pearlman Mr./Mrs, M. S, Pearlmutter Mr./Mrs, John Pelham Mr./Mrs. Allen D. Penniman Mr./Mrs. Angelo Perfetti Mrs. Emma J. Perkins Miss M, R, Perkinson Mr./Mrs. James C. Perrin Mrs. Charles Pessoni Dr./Mrs. Lloyd J. Peterson Mr./Mrs. R. W. Peterson Mr. Vernon F, Petrik Mrs. Jane W, Pettus Mr./Mrs, Russell A, Pezzani Miss Doris Phelan Mr. John D. Phillippe Mr./Mrs. Andrew Pohl Ms. Anna Marie Polizzi Mrs. Susan Popovich Mr./Mrs. David C. Potter Mr./Mrs. Donald Pottlast Mr./Mrs. Robert F. Powell Mr. Ryder Pratt Mr./Mrs. Norm Pressman Mr./Mrs. Joseph L. Price Ms. Jeanine M. Prickett Mr./Mrs. Sidney B. Priesmeyer Dr. Steven G. Pueppke Ms. Maxine Puhl Mr./Mrs. Clemens R. Pullen Mr./Mrs. O'Neal Puls Mr./Mrs. Alvin A. Puster Miss Christina M, Quigley Mr./Mrs. C. A. Quinn Miss Louradine Radloff Miss Bernice Rahn Mr./Mrs. Edgar Rasch Mr./Mrs. Lawrence M. Raskin Mr. Franklin Rassieur Dr./Mrs. Harry E. Raybuck Mr./Mrs. Isham Reavis Mr./Mrs. Victor J. Recupero Mr./Mrs. Rex A. Redfern Mr. Richard F. Redohl Mr./Mrs. Fred M. Reichman Mr./Mrs. Homer F. Reindley Mr. Elmer Renaud Mrs. Margaret Reuter Mr./Mrs. Oscar W. Rexford Miss Martha Rose Rhine Mr./Mrs. Charles S. Rice Mr./Mrs. Karl Rice Miss Georgia M, Richardson Mr./Mrs. Marion T. Richardson Mr./Mrs. Kirk A. Richter Dr. Wm. G. Ridgeway Dr./Mrs. Robert Riesenberg Mr./Mrs. Edward Ringenback Mr./Mrs. Ray L, Robbins Mrs. Virginia Robbs Mr./Mrs. Clinton Roberts Mr./Mrs. William Roberts Mr./Mrs. William N. Robertson Miss Louise Robison Ms. Constance C. Roeder Mrs. Ann Roemheld Mr./Mrs. John R. Rogers Miss Doris B. Rolf Mrs. Rosemary Roos Miss Carol Rose Mr./Mrs. Robert L. Rosenheim Mr./Mrs. James C. Rosner Mr./Mrs. John S. Ross Mrs. Harris B. Rossen Mrs. Elizabeth L. Roth Mr. Sherman Rotskoff Mr./Mrs. George S. Roudebush Mr./Mrs. E. N. Rousseau Miss Kathy Ruark Mr./Mrs. Peter H. Ruger Mr./Mrs. Larry Runnels Mr./Mrs. Joseph A. Russo Mrs. Martha D, Ryan Mr./Mrs. Stephen L. Sabo Mr./Mrs. William H. Sachs Mrs. Robert Sailors Mr. James Saitz Mr./Mrs, Larry Sandefur Mr./Mrs. Dana C. Sawyer Mr./Mrs. Ruben Sawyer Ms. J. A. Schaefer Ms. R. M. Schaeffer Mr./Mrs. Clyde F. Schaffer Ms. Jean Schanen Mr./Mrs. Theodore Schade Mr./Mrs. David W. Scharp Mr./Mrs. Theodore Schechter Sister Eileen Schieber Mr./Mrs. John L. Schlaffer Miss Martha Schlapbach Mr./Mrs. Paul Schlesinger Mr./Mrs. M. J. Schluchter, Jr. Mr./Mrs. David Schmid Mr./Mrs. Robt. E. Schmidt Mr./Mrs, Robt. M. Schmitz Mr./Mrs. Kent Schneider Ms. W. O. Schock Mr./Mrs. David E. Schoeffel Mr./Mrs. Clarence Schoenfeld Mr./Mrs. Roy Schoening Dr./Mrs. David J. Schreiber Mrs. F. H. Schroeder Mr. Michael Schroeppel Mrs. Catherine Schuchat Mr./Mrs. Steven W. Schuchmann Ms. Ethel Schuermann Mr. Norman D. Schuermann Mr. A. Y. Schultz Mr./Mrs. Emil F. Schumacher Mr./Mrs. Robt. E. Schwartz Mrs. Helen B. Schwarz Dr./Mrs. Martin Wm. Schwarze Miss Gail R. Schweisguth Mr./Mrs. Harley Schwering Miss Diane K. Schwilling Mr./Mrs. Chas. T. Scialfa Dr. Ursula M. Sclofford Mr./Mrs. Robt. Sczesniak, Jr. Miss Mary L. Seaver Mr./Mrs. Richard N. Sehiff Mr./Mrs. Eric P. Seiler Mr./Mrs. James H. Senger Mr. Albert A. Seppi Mr. William C. Severson Mrs. Artie M. Shaddy Mr./Mrs. Robt. Shanahan Mr./Mrs. Geo. R. Shannon Mrs. Henry Shapiro Mr./Mrs. Geo. H. Share, Jr. Mr. Henry C. Sharp Mr./Mrs. Patrick Shaughnessy Mrs. Ruth M. Shaw Mr./Mrs. V. E. Shaw Ms. Georgia Shearer Mr./Mrs. Clarence Sheata Mr./Mrs. Jos. A. Sheehan, Jr. Ms. Beatrice A. Shefsick Miss Helen Sheppard Mrs. Robert Shifrin Mr./Mrs. C. E. Schoelhamer Mr./Mrs. Richard K. Shimamoto Mr./Mrs. Gary L. Shook Mr./Mrs. Philip A. Shreffler Mrs. Helen L. Sibley Mr./Mrs. Clarence J. Siebert Mrs. Mae M. Simon Mrs, L. H. Sims Dr./Mrs. William A. Sims, Jr. Mrs. C. H. Skinker Mr./Mrs. Allen H. Smith Mrs. Dan W. Smith Mrs. Dorothy D. Smith Mr./Mrs. Dudley R. Smith Mr./Mrs. Edw. A. W. Smith Mr./Mrs. Glenn L. Smith Mr./Mrs. Jack R. Smith Mr./Mrs. John E. Smith Mr./Mrs. Michael C. Smith Mr./Mrs. Raymond L. Smith Mr./Mrs. Robt. F. Smith Mr./Mrs. Vernon L. St. Onge Dr. Patricia Sneid Miss Nadeene Snowhill Mr./Mrs. Joseph Q. Snyder Dr./Mrs. Stanley Spector Mr./Mrs. Henry A. Sperry Mr./Mrs. Thomas R. Sphar Mr./Mrs. Dale E. Sporleder Mr./Mrs. Edw. L. Stallons Mr./Mrs. Paul F. Stanley Mr./Mrs. Richard L. Steel Miss Eve Steinberg Rev./Mrs. Herbert Stemler Mr./Mrs. James M, Stewart Mr./Mrs. W. E. Stewart Mr./Mrs. Thos. R. Stoecklin Mr./Mrs. Edw. L. Stoker Mr./Mrs. Robt. G. Stolz Miss Regina Strauss Mr. John M. Strecker Mr./Mrs. Wm. E. Stuart Mr./Mrs. John Suarez Mr./Mrs. Earl Susman Dr./Mrs. Noah Susman Mr./Mrs. David D. Suttle Mr./Mrs. C. W. Swanson, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Ear! S. Swanson Mr./Mrs. Dennis W. Swinford Mr./Mrs. Takushi Tadakuma Mr. Masaharu Takano Mrs. Dorothy H, Tallman Mrs. Jean LaMonte Tate Mrs. Eugene D. Taylor Mr./Mrs. Hal J. Taylor Mrs, Jack C. Taylor Mr./Mrs, John Temporiti Mr. Henry E. Tharp Mr./Mrs. Dorsey O. Thomas, Jr. Mrs. R. Gordon Thomas Dr. H. Goff Thompson, Jr. Mrs. M. H. Bartlett- Thompson Mr./Mrs. Paul Thompson Mr./Mrs, Gordon Thomson Mr./Mrs. Chas. Thurman Mr./Mrs. Don L. Thurston Mr./Mrs. Phillip A. Timpone Mr. Sam F, Tinnin Mr./Mrs. Bill Tisdale Mr. John T. Todd Ms. Winifred C. Todd Mrs. Bruce C. Toney Mrs. C. W. Tooker Mr./Mrs, Bertram W. Tremayne, Jr. Mrs. Helen L. Tremble Mrs. C. C. Tsai Ms. Frances L. Tuscany Mr./Mrs. Geo. S. Uchiyama Mr. Richard F. Unwin Mr./Mrs. Albert Van Amburg Miss Bessie Van Antwerp Mr./Mrs. Arthur Van de Erve Mr./Mrs, Richard V. Varela Mr./Mrs. Willie Veal Mrs. Georgia W. Voellinger Mr./Mrs. Robert Vogt Mrs. Geo. W. Vossbrink Mrs. Elmer L. Wade Mr. Jerome S. Wade Mr./Mrs. Elmer Wagenfuehr Mr./Mrs. David J. Waldman Mrs. Erwin W. Walker Dr./Mrs. James T. Walker Mr./Mrs. Patrick R. Walsh Mr./Mrs. Robt. L. Walter Mr./Mrs. John E. Walton Ms. Jane Walther Miss Janet H. Walther Mr./Mrs, Emile S. J. Wang Mr./Mrs. James L. Washington Mr./Mrs. Wm. H. Webster Mr./Mrs. Larry L. Wegmann Mr. John F. Wehling Ms. Roberta L. Weible Dr./Mrs. Robt. W. Weidemann Mr./Mrs. Murray L. Weidenbaum Mr. Leo Welch Mr. Ronald A. Weller Mr./Mrs. Richard M, Welton Mr. L. R. Wentzel Mr./Mrs. Robt. C. West Mr./Mrs. Fred Westerhold Mr./Mrs. John A.Westermeyer Mr./Mrs. Fred Whaley Mr./Mrs. Lionel A. Whiston, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Neil H. White Dr./Mrs. Ralph Wiegers Mr./Mrs. Michael R. Wiejaczka Mr. Dale Wilcoxen Mrs. W. D. Wilkinson Mr./Mrs. Neal Willen Mr./Mrs. Herman Willer Mr./Mrs. Fred E. Willett Mrs. M. Alice Willis Ms. Beth Wilson Mr./Mrs. Don Wilson Mrs. Helen |. Wilson Mr./Mrs. John A. Wilson Dr./Mrs. Patrick R. Wilson Mrs. Norman Winter Mr. Ross A. Winter Mrs. Rosemary Witte Mr./Mrs. Denis J. Wittenberger Mr./Mrs. Robt. F. Woelfle Mrs. Walter L. Wolf Mr./Mrs. Duane R. Wolter Wood Works, The Mr./Mrs. Leland S. Wood Mr./Mrs. Thomas J. Wood Mr./Mrs. Earl Woodard Mrs. Chloe C. Woods Mr./Mrs. Samuel S. Workman Mr./Mrs. R. C. Wray, Jr. Mr. Kingsley O. Wright Mr./Mrs. Wm. F. Wright Mr./Mrs. Wallace D. Wright Dr. Charles Wunderlich Miss Helun Yorger Mr./Mrs. Paul F. Young Ms. Patricia Younglove Dr./Mrs. Allan Zacher Mrs. Gail Zagurski Mr. Thomas Zant INCREASE IN MEMBERSHIP SPONSORING Mr./Mrs. Wm. N. Eisendrath, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Morton D. May SUSTAINING Mrs. Harold M. Baer Mrs. R. A. Bullock Mr./Mrs. B. B. Culver, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Henry P. Day Dr./Mrs. John J. Garrett Mr./Mrs. W. J. Hedley Mr./Mrs. A. H. Homeyer Mrs. M. M. Jenks Mr./Mrs. David G. Lupo Mr./Mrs. George E. Mowrer Mr./Mrs. Robert L. Pearce Sundermeyer Painting Co. Mr./Mrs. Robert J. Senkosky Mr./Mrs. James W. Singer, Jr. Mrs. Rachel J. Telthorst CONTRIBUTING Mrs. Mary E. Ahern Mr./Mrs. Raymond W. Armstrong Mrs. Shirley A. Bachesta Ms. Carlys Belmont Mr./Mrs. W. R. Bosse Mr./Mrs. Erwin F. Branahl Mr./Mrs. Louis Buchhold Mr./Mrs. Bruce S. Buckland Mr./Mrs. R. L. Bushman Mrs. Wm. G. Carson Miss Lucille Cella Mrs. Jill M. Clayton Mr./Mrs. Charles F. Cook Mr. Marc N. Corson Mr./Mrs. Eldred A. Coyce Ms. Delores Delsing Dr. Jackson Eto Mr./Mrs. H. lt: Finch, Jr. Mrs. Selen E. Fitzroy Mr./Mrs. Robert J. Gaddy Mr./Mrs. Gilbert Getz Mrs. Nancy M. Gladney Mr./Mrs. Joe D. Haddon Miss Blanche Halloway Mr./Mrs. Otto Hasek Mr./Mrs. Glenn E. Heitz Miss Dorothy Huelsman Mrs. Daniel W. Jasper Mr./Mrs. Paul A. Johnson Mr./Mrs. Norvell G. Jones Mr. Gerald P. Knight Mrs. Mary A. Kreienbaum Mr./Mrs. Earl J. Kutta Mr./Mrs. John C. Leoder Mr. and Mrs. Charles Luther, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Frances R. Lynch Dr./Mrs. John J. McNamara Metropolitan St. Louis African Violet Society Mrs. Mildred A. Miksicek Mrs. Martin J. Mullally Mr./Mrs. Burchard Neel, Jr. Mrs. C. Sidney Nesehoff Mr./Mrs. Wm. H. Olmsted Mrs. Jane K. Pelton Mr./Mrs. Gene Pomeroy Mr./Mrs. John K. Riedy Mrs. Chandler F, Rinehard Mr./Mrs. Julian G. Samuels Mr. William Schreiver Mr./Mrs. Samuel B. Singer Mr./Mrs. Edwin J. Spiegel Mr./Mrs, Salomon Sutker Dr./Mrs. Thomas Thale Mr./Mrs. Hubert J. Tyrrell Mr./Mrs. Matthew Van Dyke Mr./Mrs. Stanton L. White Mr./Mrs. Jerry Wightman Mr./Mrs. Bert Wiseman APRIL 1977 TRIBUTES In Honor of Mr. David Baron's 83rd Birthday Mr./Mrs. Ellis C. Littman In Honor of Mrs. Raymond Bessinger The Little Gardens Club In Honor of Mr./Mrs. Raymond Burlew’s 40th Wedding Anniversary Mr./Mrs. L. H. Niebling In Honor of Gene and Gina Hemme’s Birthdays Lillian B. Feil In Honor of Mr./Mrs. Robert E. Kesko’s Wedding Anniversary Mr./Mrs. Walter G. Stern Elsie Glick In Honor of Mr./Mrs. Tom Rosenbloom’s 30th Wedding Anniversary Allen and Saretta Portnoy In Honor of Mr./Mrs. Joseph Ruwitch’s 40th Wedding Anniversary Jenny and Leonard Strauss In Honor of Dr./Mrs. Albert C. Stutsman’s Birthdays Mrs. Dee W. Eades In Honor of Mrs. Ellis Littmann’s Birthday In Honor of the Tribute Fund Lester L. Best Ravarino & Freschi, Inc. George and Lois Tomazi is APRIL 1977 TRIBUTES (continued) In Memory of Rebecca Rosen Agress J. Richardson Usher In Memory of Mr. Morris C. Barnhart Duane M, Smith In Memory of Mr. Frank Barnidge Mrs, Henry Griesdedieck Mr./Mrs, Edwin S. Taylor Edwin R. Waldemer In Memory of Mrs. Charles E. Bascom Mrs. John Berdan Mr./Mrs. W. W. Boyd Mrs, Jean-Jacques Carnal Mr./Mrs. Sam'l C. Davis Mrs. Kenneth Drummond Mr./Mrs. Leicester B. Faust Mr./Mrs. Henry Hitchcock Mr./Mrs, W. R. Orthwein, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Daniel L. Schlafly Mr./Mrs. Warren Shapleigh Mrs. John M, Shoenberg Mr./Mrs. Sydney M. Shoenberg, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Edward C. Simmons Mrs. Theodore M. Simmons Mr./Mrs. Robert B. Smith Mr./Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr. Mr./Mrs. John C. Tuten, Jr. Mr./Mrs. John K. Wallace Mr./Mrs. C. Powell Whitehead Mr./Mrs. Neal Wood In Memory of Mrs. Emil G. Bauer, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Robert J. Stockho In Memory of Marion Rombauer Becker Mr./Mrs. William Eisendrath In Memory of Miss Bess Belzer Dr./Mrs. Armand D, Fries In Memory of Mrs. Dorothy L. Fogarty Emily and Helen Novak In Memory of Peggy Koerner Gibson Florence F, Henderson In Memory of Mr. Gold Mr./Mrs. H. M. Talcoff In Memory of Mrs. 0.D. Guth Mr./Mrs. Edward J. Costigan In Memory of Leo G. Hadley, Jr. Willis D. Hadley In Memory of Marie Herdlean Mrs. Melvin Obermeyer In Memory of August H. Hummert, Jr. Mrs. August H. Hummert, Jr. In Memory of Mrs. Claudia Jackson Betty Cocke Wright In Memory of Leah Mary Kelley Lucille Aude Marjorie L. Feuz Clara Johannes Luella Rauscher In Memory of Opal Ashley Kiefaber Isabelle R. Schwerdtmann In Memory of Ernest M. McKee Mr./Mrs. Fred Fangmann Mr./Mrs. Dave Winston In Memory of Delores Mendle Mr./Mrs. Chester A. Steiner In Memory of Joe Meyers Mrs. Jeanne Blacklock In Memory of Mr. William G. Moore, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr. Mr./Mrs. George P. Whitelaw, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Neal Wood In Memory of Rose Nevius David Cohen In Memory of Mary Ann Pappas Mrs. Elmer D. Abramson In Memory of Jack Paster Mr./Mrs. Leon Hurwitz In Memory of Susie Peterson Kirkwood Chapter No. 358 Eastern Star Past Matrns Club Chapter No. 358 Eastern Star In Memory of Mrs. Mable Pratt Rose Society of Greater St. Louis In Memory of Mrs. J. Gilbert Princell Mr./Mrs. William J. Abbott The Gene & James Adams Families Audiovisual Services, St. Louis Public Schools Edith and Nina Bernd Mr./Mrs. Bernard Bloomberg Bill and Jeanne Bruns Mrs. John W. Calhoun Mr./Mrs, Clark M, Driemeyer Dr./Mrs, Richard S, Gordon Dr./Mrs. F. G. Irwin Roy W., Jordan Emma N., Kraus Mr./Mrs. Herman A. Lueking Mrs. Georgia Nicholson Mr./Mrs. Thomas W. Parry, Jr. S. F. Paterson Mr./Mrs. Henry F. Sieland Mr./Mrs, Eli M. Strassner The Bob & Jack Taylor Families Mr./Mrs. Edwin S. Taylor Mr./Mrs. Paul H. Young In Memory of Mr./Mrs. Edward R. Roesler Mr./Mrs. Sterling J. Ryan In Memory of Steve Rossbach Mr./Mrs. H.M. Talcoff In Memory of Mrs. J. H. Sheppard Bess J. Corn In Memory of Mrs. Lewis Slack Mr./Mrs. John Brodhead In Memory of S. A. Sperber Mrs. Albert Wagenfuehr In Memory of Sue Strake Beatrice Obermeyer In Memory of Nora J. Taylor Mrs. Horton Watkins In Memory of George C. Thien Mr./Mrs. Edward Heickelbach In Memory of Mrs. Peggy A. Thomas Mary and Rich Weinstock In Memory of Mrs. Ralf Toensfeldt Mr./Mrs. John K. Bryan Edwin R. Waldemer MISSOURI! BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN SECOND CLASS 2345 Tower Grove Avenue POSTAGE Saint Louis, Missouri 63110 PAID AT ST. LOUIS, MO. Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin New Genus of Mosses Discovered Dr. Marshall R. Crosby, chairman of the Garden’s Botany Department, unpacks following a botanical field trip. On expedition to Chile, Dr. Crosby discovered a new genus of mosses, called Florschuetzia, charac- terized by the absence of peristone at the mouth of the capsule, see inset upper right. During a recent plant collecting expedition to Chile, Dr. Marshall R. Crosby, chairman of the Gar- den’s Botany Department, discovered a remarkable new genus of mosses, which he has named Florschuetzia. The expedition, a joint Missouri Botanical Garden — Field Museum of Natural History effort sponsored by the National Geographic Society, was to explore southern Chile from the area of Concepcion south to the island of Chiloe and compare the species found there with those known from farther south. While several new species have been discovered among the collections since returning to St. Louis, Dr. Crosby says that he knew within a few moments of its discov- ery that Florschuetzia was something exciting and probably previously unknown. Florschuetzia was found at the end of a long collecting day in a small nature preserve. The preserve had been an island in the Rio Pilmaiquen until some twenty years ago, when the river was diverted to pro- duce hydroelectric power. The preserve is enjoyed by many people from the nearby town of Entre Lagos, and the trail bank on which Florschuetzia grows is passed by hundreds of visitors yearly. The first plants which Dr. Crosby found lacked spore capsules, which are usually critical for the complete identification of mosses. The leafy plants which he examined with his hand lens resembled those of the family Calymperaceae, which was of interest because that family occurs mostly in tropical areas and was not found in Chile. However, further search revealed many capsules, and they showed that the moss’s relationships were in a totally different family. This family is called Buxbaumiaceae and is considered a primitive one, based on the structure of its peristome, the part of the capsule which regulates spore dispersal. Three genera were known, and all had a similar peristome. The most striking feature of the new moss was that it had no peristome at all, although the general appearance of the plants indi- cated a close relationship to Diphyscium, the largest genus of Buxbaumiaceae. Several frustrating weeks in Chile followed. The Institute de Botanica at the Universidad Austral in Valdivia had the critical reference book which would tell if the discovery was new. Dr. Crosby made Valdivia his headquarters while in Chile. But, the institute was closed while its staff was on vacation. A telegram was sent to St. Louis asking that refer- ences be consulted to determine if anything like the new find had been described. The reply was that several species of the related genus Diphyscium were known from South America. Published descriptions of these poorly known species were sent to Dr. Crosby, but they were not detailed enough to deter- (Continued on Page 2) Volume LXV Number 7 July 1977 GENUS OF MOSSES = (continued from Page 1) mine if the previously known species were the same as his collection. When he returned to St. Louis, Dr. Crosby studied specimens in the Garden's herbarium and those borrowed from other herbaria. After studying all the known species of Diphyscium, he concluded that his collection differed in three impor- tant ways from all of them: first, his plant had no peristome; second, its leaf blades were only one-cell- thick, while all species of Diphyscium had leaf blades two-or three-cells thick; and third, the spore capsule differed significantly in its shape from that of any species of Diphyscium. Thus, the plant was described as a new genus, Florschuetzia, in honor of Peter A. Florschuetz, a Dutch botanist who made important contributions to what we know about South American mosses. The only species of the genus is Florschuetzia pilmaiquen, after the river near which the plants grow. This discovery touches on several aspects of the research in which the Botany Department is engaged. First, many of the projects are cooperative efforts between the Garden and institutions here and abroad. In this case, Dr. Crosby was working with a colleague from Chicago; they depended on the cooperation of the Chileans for transportation, facilities, and access to collecting areas; botanists at herbaria in the United States, Europe, Canada and Japan provided speci- mens, literature, and expertise during the study of Florschuetzia. Second, the research is largely grant supported. The National Science Foundation provides most of the funding, but the National Geographic Society and other organizations provide significant help. Third, much of the initial work is done far away from St. Louis. Fourth, the Garden’s herbarium and library collections provide a ready source of information about the plants being studied and act as repositories for staff collections and publications. Finally, the researchers in the Department receive a tremendous amount of support from the technical, volunteer and secretarial staff. Without their help, research work would be almost impossible. Garden Gate Shop Has Gifts Galore Patio glasses, trays, ice buckets, planters and plant stands to enhance any porch or patio — these are the colorful items currently being featured as summer stars at the Garden Gate Shop. With summer weddings on everyone's calendar, the shop also offers a wide range of gift items, including candlesticks, trivets, plates, cups and sau- cers, plastic and cotton placemats and napkins. Garden Members are invited to visit the Garden Gate Shop and take advantage of the wide variety of summertime gifts at discount prices. 2 OF Mea@ THE SHOW This delicate rose, a Toro entered by Mrs. Earl Schillinger of St. Louis, was awarded a first prize during the annual show of the Rose Society of Greater St. Louis. Symphony to Perform in Garden Setting The St. Louis Symphony Orchestra, under the baton of Assistant Conductor Gerhardt Zimmermann, will present a summer concert at the Garden Saturday evening, July 9, at 7:30 p.m. The program will consist of the works of Brahms, Wagner, Dvorak and Waldtenfel. Tickets will be on sale at the Garden’s Main Gate on the evening of the performance, beginning at 6:30 p.m. Admission will be $2.50 for adults, including Garden members, and $1.50 for children. The performance will take place on a portable stage erected south of the Desert House. The concert is funded in part by a grant from the Missouri Arts Council. The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN ts pub- lished 12 issues per year monthly by the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. $5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign. The Role of the Landscape Architect in Botanical Garden Development John Simonds The following is the text of an address delivered before the American Association of Botanical Gar- dens and Arboreta by John Simonds, senior partner of Environmental Planning and Design, Pittsburgh, whose firm developed the master plan for the Missouri Botanical Garden. The accompanying map of the master plan shows the Garden in detail. Dr. Taylor, mentioned in the first sentence, is president of AABGA, which held its recent annual meeting in St. Louis, with the Garden as host. Dr. Taylor, distinguished members and guests of the American Association of Botanical Gardens and Arboreta, | too am proud and pleased to be here today, but | must tell you, you have the wrong man. The person who should be talking with you today about the design and planning of botanical gardens and arboreta is, in my opinion, my partner and member of your Association, Geoffrey Rausch. In my admittedly biased view, Geoff is one of the nation’s foremost designers of such _ installations, having served, and presently serving, as consulting planner/ designer of the Missouri Botanical Garden here in St. Louis,of the new Chicago Botanic Garden, Cleveland’s Holden Arboretum, and the emerging Cary Arboretum in up-State New York. Geoff, would you stand for a moment, please? Geoff and | share a keen interest in botanical gar- dens and a belief in their increasingly important role in helping to shape a better living environment. Between us we figure that so far we have visited and studied over forty of the major examples around the world. Each has its lessons, each has its merits, but we believe that as an urban research and teaching center or horticulture, there are few to compare with this garden in St. Louis. Dr. Raven has described for you in glowing terms the evolving plan of the Missouri Botanical Garden and | must say that he is persuasive; but could it possibly be that in his enthusiasm as Director he has allowed himself to get carried away? | should like to take the time allotted me to apply to his garden, our garden — the garden of many, many contributors — some critical tests to see how it all checks out. Does the garden express a compelling goal? It is a law of human endeavor, and marksmanship, that one seldom scores better than one aims. In con- sidering the planning, or replanning, of a fine botanical garden — elevate your sights. Aim high! It has been told that once in a medieval courtyard three carpenters, working amidst their shavings and chips, were asked, what they were doing. One said, “Can't you see! I’m sawing a plank.’’ Another, ‘‘I’m assembling a door.”’ The third replied,’‘| am helping to build a cathedral.’’ Which carpenter would do the best job? | think we might all agree. As a corollary, in considering the planning of a new garden a Board chairman might propose, ‘There seems to be sufficient local interest to warrant giving it a try."’ How different if the chairman were to pro- claim, ‘“The members of our Board are all aware of the many telling contributions that a fine botanical garden (or arboretum) can make to a community. We are convinced of the need for such an installation here. It will do much to enrich the lives of our citizens and add a whole new and attractive dimen- sion to our regional landscape. We therefore propose to begin at once to search for the most suitable site, to prepare the best possible long range plan, to raise the necessary funds, and to construct the garden stage by stage as conditions will permit. We will contrive each component as best we are able, and all compo- nents together within a beautiful park-like setting. The people of the surrounding areas will come to enjoy the garden as it takes form — and we will all 3 learn together!”’ Set your goals high! Let them shine out through all the work to follow. Do the garden plans stem from a comprehensive program? They must. And comprehensive is the key word. At the time the new program is being formulated everyone concerned with the garden and its use should be brought into the discussions. The Board for policy guidelines, the permanent staff, the special interest groups and societies, the maintenance workers, and volunteers. This is a time to talk it all out together — to let the ideas flow and congeal. A sound program will include all the elements. It will list and describe each building, function, and the required floor area. It will note the desired land use areas and their preferred relationships. It will consider the points of access, the routes of vehicular move- ment, the size and location of parking and service compounds, the paths of pedestrian movement and interconnection. Visitor days and hours will be discussed as will be the program emphasis, the type and extent of the plant collections, displays and supporting facilities. Every facet and phase of opera- tion will be in turn reviewed and specific require- ments detailed and listed in a balanced working program. This is not only helpful; it is essentia/. For ont ega fh * oe” m) ae ie © ee ar MAGNOLIA EXISTING DADAMS the garden, in sum, can be no better than the ele- ments of which it is comprised. Does the garden build upon the past? The St. Louis Botanical Garden has a distin- guished heritage. When Henry Shaw first opened the gates in 1859 the visitors came upon features that one can still enjoy today. Yesterday, more than a century later, | walked beneath trees that Henry Shaw must have planted — a towering sycamore, a glorious beech, and magnificent oaks and buckeyes. Many of you will agree from experience that to deny the history of such a garden, or to change its orientation abruptly, is to lose much of value and generate difficulties. A garden which builds upon its tradition will provide many economies, bring along friends, and extend the momentum to carry it into the future. For only when a garden has roots in the past can it come to full flowering in the present and yield its best fruit in the years ahead. A primary requisite of any Planning Committee or Board is a sense of History. Does the garden express the character of the region? It should. Each regional landscape is unique. The most agreeable homes, communities and gardens of the world are those that borrow their nature and power from the regional topography, construction materials, vegetation, color, and character. Examples PROPOSED EXPERIMENTAL GREENHOUSE 1) MAINTENANCE COMPLEX DIRECTORS. RESIDENCE 7 VISITORS CENTER /FLORAL DISPLAY HOUSE/ RESTAURANT GAZEBO J) GREENHOUSE (DEMONSTRATION GARDEN CLUB HEADQUARTERS TD) STAGE /AMPHITHEATER AREA ENTRANCE S$) BOXWOOD GARDENS ROSE GARDEN 6) CARILLON/ VIEWING TOWER KNOLLS 7) RESTROOMS/WORK STORAGE AREA wooos LINNAEAN HOUSE CLIMATRON DISPLAY HOUSE PROPAGATION AND GROWING AREA POWER PLAN LEHMANN BUILDING ADMINISTRATION BUILDING (RENOVATED) ‘ MAUSOLEUM $ SCENTED GARDEN 9) HERB GARDEN 1) ExT {2 DISPLAY HOUSE 7} HOME LANDSCAPE DEMONSTRATION GARDEN 14) MAJOR DISPLAY GARDEN 15) COURT GARDEN 16) MAJOR TREE PLANTING/ MOUNDS /ROCK GARDEN DKA RONVIONZIZIONE 1?) JAPANESE GARDEN 18) LAKE EXPANSION 19 PRIMARY PEDESTRIAN LOOP AND MINI- BUS CIRCULATION 30) SECONDARY PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION Zi SITE IMPROVEMENTS DIRECTORS RESIDENCE 22 ROSE GARDEN/ARBOR 1) REFLECTION POOLS 24) WATERFALL x STREAM SHAW AVENUE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN ‘ jo nose sy mr iseueon ee tre include: A New England farmstead fitted to stream and woodlot, A sprawling prairie town, with its strong horizontal and vertical lines, A San Francisco hillside home braced and terraced against the view, A Florida patio garden with enclosing walls, lush sub-tropical foliage and shaded pool. . . Each is expressive of its locale. Each borrows quality from its site and returns this quality many fold. The St. Louis region is rich in mellow gray lime- stone. It is blessed with luxuriant vegetation, abun- dant water and undulating ground forms. In the revised garden plans we have persuaded the ground forms to undulate more and have shaped them to enframe a new system of lakes and waterways. Look to this garden in both its former and current design to discover those ways in which it expresses its place in its native Missouri region. The more, the better. Does the plan respond to the site? A farmer laying out buildings, fields and orchards will analyze his land with great care. He will test the soil, observe the sweep of the sun, the force and direction of wind, the play of the breeze, and note the drainage patterns. He will fit and adjust each element of his farmstead to achieve the optimum relationships. So must it be with a garden. | recall that we had been working for two years on the plans for Chicago’s Botanic Garden when Dr. Francis deVos first came to take charge and called for a year’s moratorium ‘‘to get the feel of the land.’”’ It was time well spent. The revised plans were better. The original studies had grown out of a leaning toward display. The new plans were to place emphasis on the best possible siting of the collections, the stra- tegic grouping of research and maintenance facilities and the creation of an island teaching center and related demonstration gardens. In particular the new plans were marked by a sensitivity to the limitations and possibilities of the project site. In St. Louis, too, our first efforts with Dr. Raven and his staff were to develop an empathy for the site, in order that any negative aspects might be ameliorated and that the full site potential might be realized in our joint planning. Does the garden have a controlling theme? After a program has been thoughtfully prepared and the site explored and analyzed, there comes the time to step and ask, ‘‘What should this garden be?” Often, in a few sentences, it is possible to state a design concept so simply and clearly that it will govern all aspects and details of the developing plan. In Chicago, for instance, confronted with a depleted farm, highway borrow pits and a polluted stream, the planning team agreed, ‘‘We will create here a whole new landscape of streams, lagoons and rolling hills as the garden setting. The excavated material shall be shaped into a sculptured central island surrounded by smaller islands and embracing land forms to provide windscreen and visual protection. The roads and public parking “rooms” will be fitted into the bordering land areas, and all garden elements linked by meandering pedestrian paths and a scenic mini-bus route.” In St. Louis it was decided to protect and preserve the integrity of the established research and educational complex, and to honor the Climatron theme piece and the historic buildings. A new vehi- cular approach and commodius motor court would be designed, together with a visitors’ center. At the far property corner, as a cool and refreshing summer attraction, a lake would be developed as the site of a Japanese garden. Visitors would be directed along a broad pathway loop around which, and beside which, new collections and garden areas would be installed in progressive stages. New York's Cary Arboretum is taking form on a magnificent forested mountainside overlooking a valley stream. Here, meadows are being ‘‘let into’’ the wooded upland slopes, fields opened up above the marsh, and bridges built across the watercourse — all to accommodate the functions and interconnections required of a dynamic research and teaching institu- tion. Each use area is planned for optimum function and inter-relationship with other areas. Circulation drives and paths are so arranged as to provide ef- ficient linkage while discovering and revealing the best views and topographical features. The Holden Arboretum, to the east of Cleveland, is well established on a superbly beautiful site of rolling farmland, ravine and forest. Here the task of the Board, Director, and planning team was that of redefining goals, consolidation and implementation. A new system of circulation ways provided the Opportunity to both unify and inter-relate the research, demonstration and _ conservation-nature study sectors. Is the plan of the garden soundly contrived? Does it have a logical diagram? Does it have a well-balanced structural framework to which all present and future components may be related? One glance at the lines of a well-designed sloop is enough to tell the experienced sailor how she will handle. So it is with the basic plan layout of a fine botanical garden. If well conceived, the relationship of the major land uses, structures and circulation ways can be described in a few clean and eloquent lines. A sound plan translates all aspects of the program into /and use areas of the proper size and shape and arranges these into the most compatible groupings. These are in turn so arranged over the topographic survey as to take fullest advantage of the landscape 5 features. All plan areas are then linked with lines of vehicular and pedestrian movement devised so as to “run with the land.’ Only when all the elements have been brought into optimum position has the plan solution ‘‘arrived.”’ Have the plan areas been developed as spaces? All landscape planning of excellence is ultimately involved with the creation of out of door spaces. Each is so designed so as to accommodate and express its particular use. A parking compound, for example, should be designed, in three dimensions, to function as a workable and attractive parking space. A service area, without enclosure, exposes to view a disarray of materials, tools, and equipment and detracts from adjacent garden areas. Designed as a functional working space the same area — paved, enclosed by grated walls, provided with well-placed equipment stalls, tool racks and storage bins, and furnished with hydrants, lighting, a vine, and a tree or two — becomes a pleasant, and efficient, working environ- ment. Each area of the garden is to be considered in terms of its optimum use and volumetric enclosure — by walls, mounding, hedges or loose foliage. It can be categorically stated that the single most common failing of unappealing landscape areas is a lack of studied spatial enframement. Is the garden conceived in terms of systems? Does it clearly describe discernible systems of use, operation and servicing? Is there a system of drainage, of irrigation, of signing, of lighting, and a unified family of site furnishings with such standardized and interchangeable parts as bench slats, sign blanks, screw anchors, lock washers and lamp globes? Such coordination can reduce warehouse inventories — and maintenance costs — by half. Does the plan provide a sequence of compact gar- den nodes of high use intensity surrounded by parklike open space that is easy to maintain? Are all materials of high quality and adapted to modular construction? Competent planning reduces installa- tion costs and maintenance budgets. Will the garden plan accommodate change? Planning is not to be considered the production of an elaborate master plan that will remain unchanged and inflexible for all time. Such a plan can only be static, and like a static plant, is dead. Planning, at best, is a dynamic, evolving process by which changing needs, requirements and Opportunities are kept in balance through continuing review and consultation. To retain its vitality the General Plan (of development) must be up-dated periodically. Ideally, the General Plan is contrived as a guide- 6 line for orderly growth. It determines the basic organization of land use relationships, assigns proj- ected area needs and capacities, indicates the major routes of movement and interconnection, establishes the most efficient utility and service diagrams and sets the spatial framework. It locates in schematic form a place for all foreseeable garden components, yet carries into detail only those to be constructed soon. While the size and nature of all future elements are suggested, the plan should permit and encourage innovation and creativity in the design of each new structure or garden area all within the spirit of the guiding General Plan. It has been well said that the only thing certain Is change. Needs, requirements and opportunities change with the times. Each new Director, Board member and dedicated staff worker will bring to the garden fresh thinking, new approaches, and added thrust. These can be accommodated by — and con- tributed to — a well conceived General Plan. Does the garden express its purpose? When architect Louis Sullivan proclaimed, ‘‘Form follows function!’’ he was asserting a profound conviction. It was like stating the philosophical premise that, ‘‘God_ is love.’’ Once you have said it, you have said it all. What Sullivan, a consummate designer was proposing was that a well-designed knife, for example, should look, feel, and cut like a knife — like the best possible knife that the user could imag- ine. A sailboat should be shaped and rigged like the best imaginable wind-driven craft. A home should be planned as the best conceivable dwelling for a given family at a given time and place. In like manner, a botanical garden or arboretum should be planned from the start to express and fulfill to the utmost its many various functions. How can the plans be tested? The ultimate test of a superior botanical garden — or any other work of landscape architecture — is the supreme test of human experience. As each garden segment is constructed it can of course then be tested on the basis of actual performance. But even in the planning stage much can be learned by spreading out the developing master plan and tracing through it in one’s imagination the experience of the users. One might say, for instance, “1 am the Director. As | enjoy breakfast on the terrace of my secluded home | am eager to take my daily walk through the garden to note the condition of each area and the changes that each new day of the season brings. Today, this is the path | will take, and this is what | will see. . . | am a teacher bringing a group of students on tour. As we arrive at the broad approach to the Climatron the children view its dome across the pools and fountain. They have heard about the tropical plants and displays inside this great glass structure and hurry along to see them. | am a retired businessman. My wife and | drive in each week to enjoy long hours in quiet exploration. Today, we are bringing visiting friends. As we turn off the freeway and enter the parking compound we are welcomed at the handsome new visitors center for orientation and then move out through the historic Linnaean House to view the annual and perennial floral displays on the way to the Japanese Garden. | am in charge of the research program and | take pride in these quarters within an extensive horticul- tural laboratory, yet out of the stream of traffic. . . | am the horticulturalist. . . | am an unsighted child. . . | am the superintendent of maintenance. . . | am a volunteer worker. . . |! am the postman. .. the refuse collector. . . the driver of the tour bus. . .”’ If for any of these visitors as we trace their way, through the plans, on their daily rounds we experience for them points of possible confusion, annoyance, or incongruity — the plans require further study. If for a// who will visit, use, or service the instal- lation the experiences will be those of convenience, comfort, reward and delight — if everything is working well together — then the plans are sound and good — and the gardens will be beautiful. For beauty, by definition, is neither more, nor less, than ‘‘the perceived harmonious relationship of all the elements.” Dr. Raven — as scientists, citizens and hundreds of thousands of visitors work in and move through your garden each year — may each find here an experience of pleasure, instruction and beauty. May this beauty, magnified, become part of their lives — a powerful force for good in the city, region and nation. This, in its simplest, fullest sense, has been the goal of the garden planning. John Simonds John O. Simonds is Past President of the Ameri- can Society of Landscape Architects. His firm, EPD, The Environmental Planning and Design Partnership of Pittsburgh and Miami Lakes, Florida, is engaged in a wide range of landscape architectural and commu- nity planning projects in this country and abroad. He is author of “Landscape Architecture,’’ and “The Freeway In The City,” two books that have had a profound effect upon the American landscape. McGraw-Hill is soon to publish his latest work, *’Earthscape,” a manual of environmental planning and design. David Goudy Named Director of Public Services David Goudy at entrance to Japanese Garden. David Goudy, a member of the Garden staff since 1970, has been named to the new position of director of public services, it was announced by Dr. Peter H. Raven, director. Since 1971, Mr. Goudy has served as superintend- ent of the Shaw Arboretum, the Garden’s four- square-mile wildlife and nature preserve at Gray Summit, Missouri. In his new position, he will be responsible for the Garden’s departments and operations which serve the public, including the Arboretum, the Ecological Serv- ices and Education Departments, the Flower Wagon, Main Gate operations, Public Relations and Publica- tions, and sales, including the Garden Gate Shop and Horticultural Services. Mr. Goudy, who graduated from Washington University in 1969, resides with his wife, Tracy, and son on the Arboretum grounds. Shaw Birthday Set For Sunday, July 24 Henry Shaw’s Birthday Party, staged by the Tower Grove House Auxiliary, will begin at noon on Sunday, July 24, in the area of the Garden marked by a huge balloon. Famous’ dishpan cookies will be served with punch and at 2:30 p.m., a cake baked in the shape of Tower Grove House will be cut. Prizes will be awarded throughout the day and there will be bal- loons for the children, live entertainment and music. Garden Members are invited to visit the Garden and celebrate the birthday of its founder. Thousands Join i In Celebration of Jap SAE et ' Sakura dancers, in traditional Japanese cos- tume, perform for a crowd of Garden visitors during the four- day celebration marking the opening of the new Japanese Garden. For four colorful days in May, the Missouri Botanical Garden was the center of the most intensive public attention in its history, as thousands of visitors took part in the celebrations surrounding the official dedication of Se/wa-En, the new Japanese Garden. Guests and dignitaries from as far away as Japan were on hand to participate in the four-day celebra- tion, along with distinguished visitors and public officials from the bi-state area. On Sunday, May 8, the final day of the Japanese Garden celebration, nearly 15,000 visitors came through the Garden’s Main Gate for a Japanese Festival — the largest crowd in the Garden’s 118-year history. Festivities began earlier in the week, however, with the issuance of ‘Japanese Garden Week” proclamations by St. Louis Mayor James F. Conway and St. Louis County Supervisor Gene McNary. The city proclamation was announced during the raising of a symbolic ‘‘carp’’ banner at City Hall. The cere- mony was attended by Mrs. Conway and a delegation from Suwa, St. Louis’ sister city in Japan. Honored guests at formal dedication ceremonies on May 5 included His Excellency Fumihiko Togo, Ambassador of Japan to the United States; Mrs. Togo; Japanese Consul! General and Mrs. Kiyoshi Sumiya from Chicago; Mayor and Mrs. Setsuji lwamoto from Suwa, Japan; Toshitane Hirabayashi from the Nagano Prefecture, Missouri's sister-state in Japan; Taro Ishibashi, aide to Ambassador Togo; and others. Paul Simon, St. Louis aldermanic president repre- senting Mayor Conway, addressed a large crowd at the dedication ceremonies and hailed the new garden 8 s ‘the crowning achievement” of the recent renewal of the Garden’s ‘‘vitality and exuberance.” The revival of the Spirit of St. Louis, he said, ‘“has never been better expressed than it’s being expressed today in the dedication of this Japanese Garden.” Following the dedication ceremonies, a dinner for nearly 250 guests and dignitaries was held at the University Club. In the Japanese tradition, gifts were presented to special guests, while all in attendance were given sake-cup favors, made of cypress wood from Suwa and inscribed in Japanese, ‘in commem- oration of the Dedication of the Japanese Garden, May 5, 1977." On Friday, May 6, a Members Day was held at the Garden, highlighted by the presentation of a series of historic calligraphy screens to the Garden by Miss Sakicho Kacho, the great-granddaughter of Prince Sadanaru Fushimi, a Japanese nobelman who visited the Japanese Imperial Garden at the 1904 St. Louis World’s Fair. A traditional Japanese tea ceremony was also performed during the Members Day program. On Saturday, a special Children’s Day festival was held at the Garden, featuring exhibits and perform- ances of Japanese arts and crafts, and workshops for children of all ages. In Japan, Children’s Day is a national holiday. On Sunday, the final day of the celebration, visitors to the Japanese Festival were greeted by silk-screened banners, flying Japanese carp flags and six foot paper ornaments of flower petals, chains and tiny birds. The Garden had been transformed, in fact, into a Japanese paradise in honor of the new Japanese Garden. se Garden Opening Ceremonies proclaiming “Japanese Garden Week” in St. Louis included the raising of carp banners at City Hall, attended by visitors from Japan. . * eS cs we Carp banners, a traditional Japanese symbol, wave over the Garden’s Shoenberg Fountain during Japanese Festival Day, May 8. ) St. Louis County Supervisor Gene McNary, right, signs official docu- ment proclaiming “Japanese Garden Week” in St. Louis County. At Strolling from the Yatsuhashi (zig-zag) Bridge, a young couple begins a left is Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden Director. tour of the new Garden. 9 Japanese Garden Opening. . . mA oN xe “a a RS * . : . ol : Po oa Se BB oe a Nae Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director, escorts His Excellency Fumihiko Togo, Ambassador of Japan to the United States, and Mrs. Togo Toshitane Hirabayashi, from the Nagano Prefecture, Missouri's sister- through the Teahouse gate on Nakajima (Middle) Island. Ambassador State in Japan, takes part in the Shinto dedication rite for Seiwa-En. and Mrs. Togo were honored guests at the dedication and a dinner The teahouse was built by Mr. Hirabayashi’s construction firm. afterwards at the University Club. Colorful dramatic, foot-thumping ex- hibitions by the Taiko Drummers of San Francisco high- lighted the enter- tainment during Japanese Garden weekend. Dr. Raven Elected Fellow of American Academy of Arts and Sciences Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director, has been elected a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a national honorary society founded in 1780 by John Adams and other intellectual leaders of the day. Dr. Raven was among 108 leading scholars, scien- tists, public figures and writers elected to fellowship during the Academy’s 197th annual meeting in Boston this month. With offices in Boston, an active center on the West Coast and a developing Midwestern organiza- tion, the Academy carries on a program of study and publication on major national and_ international problems, requiring expertise in a wide range of disci- plines. Academy membership currently includes 2,300 representatives from the mathematical, physical and biological sciences, as well as law, admin- istration, public affairs, theology, fine arts and the humanities. Dr. Raven, besides serving as Garden director, Is Engelmann Professor of Botany at Washington University and Adjunct Professor of Biology at St. Louis University and the University of Missouri-St. Louis. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and is president-elect of the Society for the Study of Evolution. The Society for the Study of Evolution, with some 2,000 members worldwide, publishes the inter- national journal Evo/ution. \t is the chief internation- al society for the study of the evolution of plants, animals and microorganisms. Mrs. Dwight Coul!tas, right, retiring president of the Executive Board of the Members of the Garden, receives an engraved silver tray from Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden Director. The tray was presented in the name of the Board of Trustees, in recognition of Mrs. Coultas’ three years of service to the Members organization. Mrs. Dwight Coultas Honored at Luncheon Mrs. Dwight W. Coultas, retiring president of the Executive Board of the Members of the Garden, was honored during the recent annual luncheon meeting of the Members organization in recognition of her dedication to the Garden and her three years’ service as president. Dr. Peter H. Raven, Garden director, presented Mrs. Coultas with an engraved silver tray on behalf of the Garden Board of Trustees. From the Members Executive Board, Mrs. Coultas received a silver-and- gold charm depicting the Garden's distinctive logo- type. Other retiring members of the executive board, who have contributed greatly to the success of Members organization activities, include Mrs. Sudie Baker, Mrs. Philip Dodge, Mrs. Charles Freeman, Mrs. George Hasegawa, Mrs. Boardman Jones, Mrs. William Klein, Mrs. Eugene Pettus, Jr., and Mrs. Peter H. Raven. The board’s new officers include Mrs. Walter G. Stern, who returns as board president after a previous term from 1969 to 1972: Mrs. J. Butler Bushyhead, first vice president; Mrs. Robert Kittner, second vice president; Mrs. C.F.P. Stueck, secretary; and Mrs. Shadrach F. Morris, treasurer. New Executive Board Members include Mrs. Theodore P. Desloge, Mrs. Frederick A. Hermann, Jr., Mrs. Charles G. Houghton, Jr., Mrs. O. Alexander Kerckhoff, Jr., Mrs. Robert E. Kresko, Mrs. Willard L. Levy, Mrs. John S. Lionberger, Jr., Mrs. Howard M. Love, Mrs. Carl B. Merollis, Mrs. Charles W. Oertli, Mrs. Eugene M. Reese and Mrs. Don L. Wolfsberger. Educational Papers Presented Project Managers of the Environmental Education Training Project, a cooperative program between the St. Louis Public Schools and the Garden, recently presented papers at two professional meetings. Calla Smorodin (Ecological Services) and Peggy Rustige (St. Louis Public Schools) presented a paper entitled, Classrooms and Community: A Model for Inservice Training of Urban Teachers in Environ- mental Education, at the annual meeting of the National Association for Environmental Education, April 24-26 in Boulder, Colorado. Later they made a presentation at the annual meeting of the Missouri Academy of Science, which was held jointly with the Illinois Academy of Science at the University of Missouri-St. Louis. The Environmental Education Training Project is supported by a federal grant from the Office of Envi- ronmental Education to the St. Louis Public Schools. The project co-directors have been Edward P. Ortleb, Science Supervisor, St. Louis Public Schools: and Dr. William M. Klein, the Garden’s Assistant Director. Garden-Gallery Program Offered Garden lovers have been invited to take part in a Japanese art and culture presentation, co-sponsored by the Garden’s Education Department and the St. Louis Art Museum, scheduled to begin at 10 a.m. Sat- urday, July 9. The program will begin with a slide presentation in the John S. Lehmann Building and will include a tour of the Japanese Garden, a workshop in which participants will build a mini-rock garden and a visit to the Art Museum. Participants are expected to provide their own transportation. There is no fee for Garden Members. Reservations can be made by call- ing the Education Department at 772-7600. at A Mt May 22 was Super Sunday at the Garden Shop, where a sidewalk sale featuring half-priced items attracted a large crowd to the Garden. 12 Henry M. Grich Named Trustee Henry M. Grich Henry M. Grich, acting president of the St. Louis Board of Education and director of Construction Documents Services for Bank Building Corp., has been named an ex-officio member of the Missouri Botanical Garden Board of Trustees. A native St. Louis, Mr. Grich has been employed by Bank Building Corporation for the past 16 years and has 24 years’ experience in architecture, drafting and related fields. He has been active in parent groups and is past president of the Roosevelt District Parent Congress. Currently, Mr. Grich serves on a task force which studies special problems for the St. Louis School superintendent. Mr. Grich has been active in the Boy Scouts pro- gram, having served as assistant cubmaster and assist- ant scoutmaster. Mr. Grich is married and is the father of eight children. eee . Gardening in St. Louis GARDENING IN JULY The new 1978 rose catalogs are now beginning to arrive in earnest, and it is rather interesting to see some of the newer varieties that are available. Two new award winners for 1978 are Charisma, a floribunda, flame red with golden yellow buds; and Color Magic, a hybrid tea, creamy apricot with pink buds that shade from ivory pink centers to deep rose réd on the petal edges. Both of these roses may be observed in bloom now in the Rose Garden located in front of the Camellia House. These two roses will not be available from growers until the Spring of 1978, but are two that have grown very well here in the test garden for two years and in the Rose Garden this year. Along with these can be seen a number of the newer hybrids that do so well here in St. Louis. Roses need to be given a good watering every two weeks and a feeding of liquid fertilizer should be carried out immediately — if it has not been done within the last three or four weeks — and repeated again in early August to make up for the extra amount of water that is going into the ground at this time of year. FUNGUS CONTROL Continue to spray for the control of fungus and bacterial leaf spot. If this continues to be a problem, Acti-dione will be instrumental in bringing this under control provided it is sprayed thoroughly underneath the leaves and then on top. Ground conditions continue to be very dry. After the past year of drought, unless heavy watering is carried out, many trees will suffer even more this coming winter. Heavy waterings are recommended at regular intervals. For large trees, it is advisable to let the hose run continuously for several hours to penetrate deep or to use the Ross root feeders to get the water down to the root system. Also, tree feeding can be done provided it is done early this month. The Jobe Tree Spikes are excellent and are easy to apply according to the instructions. It is important that all plants receive a good heavy mulch to control ground moisture conditions and to prevent heavy frost from entering the ground during winter months. SPRING BULBS Bulb catalogs for spring bulbs have now come out and this is a good month to get your order in for tulips, daffodils, hyacinths and other fall bulbs that should be planted during the months of September and October. Orders placed now ensure arrival in plenty of time to get the ground prepared and the bulbs in at the proper planting time. Poison Ivy, which may be growing in shrubs or other plant material, can be easily controlled by using 2-4-D with silvex. This should be mixed in a small plastic bucket and applied just to the leaves with a paint brush, making sure it does not get on any other plant parts. This will be absorbed. through the tips of the poison ivy down into the roots and effectively bring it under control without having to revert to heavy digging. Phlox will need to be sprayed heavily with fun- gicide or sulphur to keep the mildew under control. Flower heads should be removed once flowering is over to prevent seeding which often causes the plants to appear to revert back to poor colors. Azaleas, rhododendruns and hollies can benefit from a feeding early this month with iron chelate and cottonseed meal or blood meal to get them back into good color before fall arrives. The use of Epsom salts along with the iron chelate will help to assimilate iron much faster through the plants and will assure that the plants will ripen off and mature better in the fall. PRUNING Pruning of trees can be done this month with the removal of soft growth or weak growth or the remov- al of branches which are rubbing against one another. The main purpose of pruning is to open up the center of the plant to allow for better air and light circula- tion. Cuts over % inch should be given a good application of tree paint to prevent rot from setting in. Avoid pruning of spring flowering shrubs now because buds are set and pruning would mean less flowering next spring. Heading back of long loose branches is all that is required at this time of year on these plants. —Robert J. Dingwall Chief Horticulturist Garden on the Air The life of Henry Shaw, founder of the Missouri Botanical Garden, will be the subject of the Garden's monthly radio program on KSD July 3. The programs are broadcast the first Sunday of every month at 10 p.m., hosted by Robert Dingwall, chief horticulturist at the Garden. For the July 3 program, James Reed, Garden chief librarian, will be interviewed about Henry Shaw. A specialist on Shaw, Mr. Reed is now writing a biog- graphy of St. Louis’ best-known philanthropist and Garden benefactor. The interview, which will last for about 25 minutes, is timely because of Shaw’s birth- day, July 24. 13 Members of the Henry Shaw Cactus Society prepare cactus plants for the annual cactus show, scheduled for August 27 through September 5 in the Floral Display House. The organization sponsors the largest annual cactus show in the Midwest. NEA Grant Supports Post-Doctoral Education The Garden has received a one-year grant of $21,000 from the National Endowment for the Arts, to support two post-doctoral positions in the Botany Department for on-the-job-training in herbarium management. The reason for such a training program at the post-doctoral level is that most graduate schools overlook this important aspect of the profes- sional taxonomist’s duties: how to acquire and care for herbarium collections and how to make them available to other botanists for study. The botanists, who arrive this month to spend a year at the Garden, are Dr. Michael O. Dillon and Dr. Peter S. White. Dr. Dillon, originally from Kansas City, received his Ph.D. degree from the University of Texas at Austin. He has travelled extensively in Mexico and South America and his research interests are in the biosystematics of the Asteraceae, the sun- flower family. Dr. White has graduated from Dartmouth College, where he studied upland forest vegetation in New Hampshire. He has also had tropical experience in Costa Rica and Panama, although his main interests have been in the flora of the Northeast. 14 co 4 A ee a es MEMBERSHIPS — MAY 1977 HENRY SHAW ASSOCIATES Mr./Mrs. Howard F. Baer Mr./Mrs, Joseph H. Bascom Mr./Mrs. Watson K. Blair Mrs. Irene C. Jones Mrs. John S. Lehmann Mr./Mrs, James S. McDonnell, Jr. Mrs, Florence T. Morris Mr. Spencer T. Olin Mr./Mrs. W. R. Orthwein, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Frederic M. Robinson Mrs. Gladney Ross Mr./Mrs. Daniel L. Schlafly Mr./Mrs. Warren M. Shapleigh Mr./Mrs. Sydney Shoenberg, Jr. Mrs. Tom K, Smith, Sr. Mr./Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr. Mr./Mrs, C. C, Johnson Spink Mrs. Hermann F. Spoehrer Miss Harriet J. Tatman Mrs. Ben H. Wells DIRECTOR’S ASSOCIATES Mr./Mrs. Alexander M. Bakewell Mr. Clarence C. Barksdale Mr. E. G. Cherbonnier Mr./Mrs. August H, Hummert II! Mr./Mrs. Eldridge Lovelace Mr./Mrs. A, Timon Primm, tI Mr./Mrs. Roland Quest Mr./Mrs. Robert A. Ridgway Mr. Roy L. Tarter Miss Harriet Tatman Mr./Mrs. Harold E. Thayer NEW MEMBERSHIPS SPONSORING Tower Grove Bank & Trust Co. SUSTAINING Dr. & Mrs. R. R. Carson Mr. & Mrs. John T. Ruester CONTRIBUTING Mr. Robert E. Gammon Mr. & Mrs. Hugh S. Hauck Mrs. Sue Hess Dr. & Mrs. Fraz E. Hornung Intertherm Inc, Mr. & Mrs. Ronald O. Krieger Mr. & Mrs, J. Bruce McBrayer Mr. & Mrs. John E. McCue Mr. Rex H. Rocine Mr. & Mrs, Carl A. Snarrenberg Mr. & Mrs. Maw Shiu Wang NEW MEMBERSHIPS Ms. Jane E. Abernathy Mr. & Mrs. Howard Adams Mr. & Mrs. Truman Addington Mr. Donald M, Albers Mr. & Mrs. Knox Adler Dr. & Mrs, Neil S. Alex Mr. & Mrs. James G., Alfring Mr. & Mrs, Cecil G. Allen Ms. Faye Anastasoff Dr. & Mrs. Charles B. Anderson Miss Lenore J. Anderson Mr. & Mrs. Edwin E. Antle Mr. & Mrs. John Asher Mr. & Mrs. Thomas J. Austin Mr. Roger D. Bach Mr. & Mrs. Grady Balthrop Ms. Jeanne F, Baltz Mr. & Mrs. Hugh F. Barnett CDR & Mrs. R. W. Bartels Mr. & Mrs. W. A. Beach Mr. & Mrs. E. Eugene Beatty Esther J. Beckham Mr. & Mrs. John Beckmeyer Mrs, Joseph E. Beil Mr. & Mrs. Robert J. Bellville Mr. & Mrs. Kal Bender Mr. Charles E. Berger Mr, & Mrs. Valentin C. Berger Dr. & Mrs. David Berwald Ms. Mary Bierschenk Mr. & Mrs. G. N. Bishop Mr. & Mrs. Charles B. Blackmar Mrs. F. D. Blasko Mr. & Mrs. William G, Bliler Mr. & Mrs. Ronald A. Boelloeni Dr. & Mrs. Arthur R. Bortnick Mr. & Mrs. Werner Bouwhuis Mrs. John C. Boyd Mr. & Mrs. William E, Bramsch, Sr. Ms. Janet Brault Mr. & Mrs. Ernest Brauner Miss Clarice K. Breiding Mr. & Mrs. Raymond A. Bruntrager Miss Particia J. Bubash Ms. Andrea Bull Mr. & Mrs. Dwane Busse Mr. R. John Butler Miss Hazel K. Cahill Dr. & Mrs. Sol F. Cantor Mr. & Mrs. Alvin Cattalini Ms. Chery! Cavallo Mr. & Mrs. Stan Chambers Mr. & Mrs. Ted Chyn Mr. & Mrs. Richard Claybour Mr. & Mrs. Julius Cohen Mr. & Mrs. Ernest J. Cox Mrs. Harry H. Crane Mr. & Mrs. Robert E. Crawford Mrs. Cecil R. Criger Mr. & Mrs. Wayne K. Cross Mr. & Mrs. Wayne Crosslin Dr. & Mrs. Marcos G. Cruz Mr. & Mrs. Paul A. Czysz Mr. Charles L. Daily Mr. & Mrs. James Daly Mr. & Mrs. C. Peyton Daniel Mr. Cliff Davenport Mr. & Mrs. Raymond S. Davis, Jr. Mr. & Mrs. James E. DeBoer Mr. & Mrs. James J. Denby Ms. Gabriele A. P. DeWitt Mr. & Mrs. Michael Dickman Mr, & Mrs. Victor H. Dietz Ms. Rosemarie C. Dockery Mr. & Mrs. Donald L. Dohm Mrs. Barrett J. Dolan Mr. & Mrs. Robert E. DuBois Mr. Clarence J. Ebert Ms. Cynthia Eckelkamp Mr. & Mrs. William F. Eckelkamp Mrs. Lois Eckstein Mr. & Mrs. Robert W. Eilers Mr. & Mrs. John D. Eirten Mr. & Mrs. Joseph H. Elbert Mr. & Mrs. Jack C. Elliott Mr. & Mrs. E. J. Englebert Mrs. Dorothy W. Eppinger Mr. & Mrs. Victor Feigenbaum Mr. & Mrs. Richard Fernandez Mrs. Jack Flynn Miss Marjorie M. Flauaus Mr. Robert B. Forbes Ms. Margie Freeman Mr. & Mrs. W. J. Freschi Mrs. Mildred H. Friday Mr. & Mrs. David P. Gast Dr. & Mrs. Stephen J. Giddings Mr. & Mrs. Wm. R. Gill Mr. & Mrs. Dick Gima Mr. & Mrs. Allyn F. Glaub Miss Elfrieda Glauser Mr. & Mrs. Lawrence Gmoser Mr. Ralph A. Goetzman Mr. & Mrs. Francis C. Gorman Mrs. Gale Grantee Dr. & Mrs. Walter Graul Miss Diane Graves Mr. & Mrs. R. C. Grayson Mr. & Mrs. Thomas Green Mr. & Mrs. Robert Greenstein Mr. & Mrs. Oliver Griot Mr. & Mrs, Carl L. Guempel Mrs. Frank N. Gundlach Mr. & Mrs. T. M. Hanley Mr. & Mrs. Carl Harris Mr. & Mrs. Ray D. Harrison Dr. Bray O. Hawk Miss Nanette Hegamin Mr. & Mrs. Fred H. Heller Mr. & Mrs. Jerome F. Hempe Dr. & Mrs. Charles O. Hershey, II1 Mrs. Beverly J. Hicks Ms. Julia J. Hindmarsh Miss Ruth Anne Hines Mr. Ronald S. Hirshberg Mr. Michael Hoare Mr. & Mrs, James O. Holton III Mrs. Janet Hornkohl Mr. & Mrs. Michael L. Hughes Mr. Richard C. Huning Mr. & Mrs. Kenneth H. Hunt Miss Jane R. Hutchinson Mr. & Mrs. James B. Hyde Mr. & Mrs. Shigemasa Ikeda Mr. & Mrs. V. R. Jacknewitz Mr. & Mrs. Donald P. James Mr. & Mrs. Stancel S. James Mr. Thomas H., Jing Mrs. Don Johnston Mr. & Mrs. Robert E. Jones Mr. Bruce T. Kaemmerlen Mr. & Mrs. Theodore A. Kaminski Mrs. Violet Keck Mr. & Mrs. Kenneth Keeton Mrs. Josephine Keiser Mr. & Mrs. David Keller Mr. & Mrs. Carlisle D. Kinyon Mr. John A. Klobasa Mr. & Mrs. Fred F. Koch Mr. & Mrs. F. Stanley Koenig Mr. William R. Kohn Ms. Paulene Komnenich Mr. & Mrs. John Koprowski Dr. & Mrs. Lawrence M. Kotner, Jr. Mr. & Mrs. Lawrence B. Krofl Mr. & Mrs. Walter B. Kromm Mrs. Carl Kuettel Mrs. Paul E. Lacy Mr. & Mrs. James H. Lammering Dr. & Mrs. Robert Lander Miss Nadine Langeneckert Mr. & Mrs. E. A. Latta Mr. & Mrs. Edmund Lawrence Ms. Barbara Lewis Mrs. Harry E. Lieberman Mr. & Mrs. John S. Lionberger, Jr. Mr. John R. Longmire Mr. Joseph Lucido Mrs. Alice A. Lucz Dr. & Mrs. Carl A. Lyss Dr. & Mrs. T. C. MacCaughelty Ms. Helen Mackey Mr. & Mrs. Laurence R. McAneny Mr. & Mrs. Michael |. McCarty Mr. & Mrs. H. Winston McClure Mr. & Mrs. James L. McCutchen Mr. & Mrs. Van McElwee Mr. & Mrs. Terrence R. McGrath Miss Trish McNeal Miss Sally Mahan Mr. & Mrs. Roy Mathiesen Ms. Rosmarie Matsuda Mr. & Mrs. Allan Merritt Mr. & Mrs. James E. Middlekau ff Miss C. Mihelyi Mrs. Mildred Mitchell Dr. & Mrs. Richard H. Mitchell Mr. & Mrs. John F. Montle Mr. & Mrs. John J. Moore Mrs. Richard |. Moore Mr. & Mrs. Jack E. Morris Mrs. Lucille Morrison Ms. Judith Morton Mr. James Murphy Mr. Edwin C. Myers Mr. & Mrs. Wm. L. Nussbaum Mr. & Mrs. William E. Odell Mr. & Mrs. David M. Olson Mrs. R. W. Olson Mrs. Jane F. Orling C. Marie Orms Mrs. L. J. Outman Mr. & Mrs. J. M. Palecek Mr. & Mrs. James A. Patterson Mr. & Mrs. Charles M. Peltason Mr. Kim Patrick Pepple Mr. & Mrs. Lawrence T. Pfisterer Ms. Florence Phelps Mr. & Mrs. Joseph W. Pierre Dr. & Mrs. Lawrence A. Pilla Mrs. Lynne M. Poley Mr. & Mrs. Howard Porter Mr. & Mrs. Wm J. Power Mr. Ron Rau Mrs. Judi Redman Mr. & Mrs. Ray A. Reese Mr. & Mrs. Gregory M. Reinhart, Jr. Mr. & Mrs. Daniel Reiter Mr. & Mrs. Charles V. Renshaw Mrs. Gus Riesmeyer Mrs. Rosemary Rigden Lucille W. Briston Col. & Mrs. Edward S. Robbins Mr. & Mrs. Edward D. Rober Mr. & Mrs. Paul M, Roberts Ms. Lorraine L. Robertson Mr. & Mrs. Charles J. Robinson Mrs. Veda Robinson Mrs. Susan Rockwell Mr. Paul D. Roman Mr. Tim E. Rose Mr. & Mrs. Robert E. Rosenthal Dr. & Mrs. Kenneth Rotskoff Mr. & Mrs. Philip S. Roush Dr. & Mrs. Mark F. Rudinsky Ms. Lilyan S. Sadlon Dr. & Mrs. James Sagner Dr. Nitai C. Saha Mr. & Mrs. Ben O. Sanders Mr. & Mrs. Lawrence E. Sayre Mr. & Mrs. Lawrence J. Sayre Mrs. Pearl C. Scherpe Mr. & Mrs. Robert Schmalzle Mr. & Mrs. Richard A. Schweitzer Miss Helen L. Shmitt Ms. Aleene K. Schneider Mr. & Mrs. Martin E. Schriewer Mr. & Mrs. Ronald J. Schwarz S. M. Scott Mrs. Sherman S. Senne Ms. Alice B. Sewall Mr. & Mrs. Melvin L. Shaul Mr. David L. Sheary Clara A. Shelly Mr. & Mrs. James W. Sherby Mrs. Maria Sherk Mr. & Mrs. David C. Shindeldecker Mr. & Mrs. Bradford Shinkle, Jr. Mr. & Mrs. David S. Sieboda Mr. & Mrs. Joseph L. Simpson Mr. Daniel E. Singer Mr. & Mrs. Morton Singer Mr. & Mrs. William Sitzer Mr. & Mrs. Lemoine Skinner, Jr. Mr. Laurence Skull Miss Catherine Smith Mr. & Mrs. Robert D. Smith Mr. & Mrs. Ronald L. Sobanek Mr. & Mrs. R. Sonnenschein Mr. & Mrs. Victor E. Sparling Mr. & Mrs. Wm. J. Stadtlander Mr. & Mrs. Paul Stafford Mr. & Mrs. Leland E. Stalker Ms. Helen Stanfield Mr. & Mrs. James M. Startzell Mr. & Mrs. Donald R. Steffan Mr. & Mrs. William D. Stiehl Dr. A. J. Steiner Mrs. Betty Strunk Mr. & Mrs. Joseph Suda Mr. & Mrs. John R. Sutter Mr. John H. K. Sweet Member of Mrs. Clara Szabados Dr. & Mrs. Richard S. Taylor Ms. Elise D. Tegtmeyer Mr. Harold W. Thiele Ms. Carol D. Teig Mrs. Anne Tissi Mr. & Mrs. Daniel S. Todd Mr. & Mrs. Robert L. Treiber Dr. & Mrs. Denis H. Tyras Ms. Susan Urban Mr. & Mrs. John Vandaveer Mr. Claude R. Vander Veer Mrs. Benjamin M. Vogel Mr. & Mrs. Wm. S. Wagener I] Ms. Sylvia Waites Mr. & Mrs. James C. Walker Mr. & Mrs. Wilber B. Wallis Mr. & Mrs. Michael C. Walther Mr. G. F. Warren Mr. & Mrs. Lloyd V. Watkins Mrs. Mary A. Wegman Mr. Michael Weir Mr. & Mrs. W. L. Weiss Mr. Gary C. Werths Mr. & Mrs. Hugh F. White Mr. & Mrs. William M. White Mr. & Mrs. S. Randolph Whitelaw Mr. & Mrs. Gerald Wille Mr. & Mrs. David Willard Mr. & Mrs. Vincent J. Windle Mr. & Mrs. William Winfrey Miss Amy Wismar Mrs. Mona Witte Mr. & Mrs. John E. Wolf Mr. & Mrs. E. Alan Wood Dr. & Mrs. Richard W. Yore INCREASE IN MEMBERSHIP SPONSORING Miss Sadye G. Edison Mr./Mrs. George K. Hasegawa Ravarion & Freschi, Inc. SUSTAINING Mr./Mrs. Arthur S. Bland, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Laurence L. Browning Mr./Mrs. John G. Burton Mr. James T. Connor Mrs. John E. Curby Mr./Mrs. Marvin Goldstein Dr./Mrs. Hartmut Kannegiesser Mr./Mrs. D. R. Niederlander Mr./Mrs. Wm. O'Herin Mr. Benjamin Roth Ms. Marilyn D. Strode CONTRIBUTING Mr. & Mrs. Robert Bard Dr. & Mrs. Harry |. Berland Dr. & Mrs. V. R. Bleisch Mr. & Mrs. W. W. Blood, III Dr. H. T. Blumenthal Miss Isabelle Bohman Mr. & Mrs. John E. Burrows Mrs. E. L. Dreinhofer Mrs. Leonard Duerbeck Mr. & Mrs. Paul Embree Dr. & Mrs. Louis Fernandez Mrs. Ralph E. Geer Mr. & Mrs. Joe E. Haberle Mr. & Mrs. H. D. Hagen Ms. Jean C. Hamilton Dr. F. Scott Hendrickson Miss Dorothy P. Hennicke Dr. & Mrs. H. Frank Holman Mrs. Phoenix B. Jablonsky Mr. & Mrs. George Kassabaum Mrs. Walther C. Kawelaske Mr. & Mrs. Clark Kirkpatrick Mrs. Robert H. Kittner The Arts and Education Fund of Greater St.Louis 16 Dr. & Mrs. Saul J. Klein Ms. Julia A. Piper Mr. Raymond J. Siebert Miss Barbara J. Klorer Dr. & Mrs. Perry G. Rawson Mrs. Charles Simmons Mrs. Roger A. Leonhardt Mr. & Mrs. Franklin P, Rogers Mrs. Ruth A. Sinnett Mr. Lewis A. McDonald Mr. & Mrs. G. S. Rosborough Dr. & Mrs, C. R. Stephen Mrs. Harry Melton Mr. & Mrs. Harry A. Niewoehner Dr. & Mrs. Elmer P. Schluer Mrs. Edward J. Schnuck Mrs. Lydia M. Stoeher Mr. & Mrs. Charles E. Sweeney Mr. & Mrs. Herbert A. Tyson Mr. Mrs, John S. Vickroy Mr. Robert E. Wentz Mrs. P, J. Werber Mr. & Mrs. Sander B. Zwick Mr. & Mrs. Neal S. Wood MAY TRIBUTES In Honor of Mr. Howard Baer’s Birthday Mrs. Benjamin Loeb In Honor of Mr. Alvin D. Goldstein's Birthday Mr./Mrs, Ellis C. Littmann In Honor of Mr. & Mrs. William J. Hedley’s 50th Anniversary Erv and Toni Breihan Mr./Mrs. Arthur H, Fischer Mr./Mrs. George K. Hasegawa Ann and Peter Husch Mary Virginia Ruth Mrs. Dudley Smith Dr./Mrs. Richard A. Sutter In Honor of Mrs. Ruth Landon — 39 years of teaching Marie, Tom and Jeffery Cook In Honor of Peggy and Gary's marriage The Berg Family In Honor of Dr. Peter H. Raven on his election to the National Academy of Sciences Mr./Mrs. Alexander M. Bakewell In Honor of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Ruwitch’s 40th Anniversary Mrs. J. A. Jacobs Mrs. Ralph Lowenstein Helen and Albert Stix In Honor of the Tribute Fund St. Louis Hills Estate Garden Club In Memory of Miss Erna Arndt Margaret Graebner In Memory of Mrs. Charles E. Bascom Mr./Mrs. Albert G. Blanke, Jr. W. Van B. King Dr./Mrs, Peter H, Raven St. Louis Herb Society In Memory of Mrs. James L. Benepe on Mother's Day William Costen In Memory of Mr. Herman Bowmar Mrs. Herman Bowmar Mr./Mrs, B, O. Burkitt In Memory of Mrs, Ellen Brashear’s daughter, Lee Mr./Mrs. Irvin Bettman, Jr. in Memory of Mr. Corbett Mr./Mrs. Perry A. Hanson In Memory of Mrs. F. Baker DeCamp Mr, J. S. Oesh In Memory of Arcie Engleman Miss Beatrice Thake Mrs. Elizabeth Thake In Memory of Mr. Dudley French Mrs. Edmund H. Keiler In Memory of Murray J. Getter Mrs. Ralph F. Piper In Memory of Mr. Marvin Harris Forsythia Garden Club In Memory of James P. Hickok Mrs. Martin J. Mullally Mrs. Lloyd C. Stark Mr./Mrs. C. Powell Whitehead In Memory of Mrs. H. Terrence Kurrus Mrs. Jean-Jacques Carnal Mr./Mrs. Sam‘!| C. Davis The Garden Club of St. Louis Eleanor and Henry Hitchcock Mr./Mrs. Robert B. Smith Mr./Mrs. C. Powell Whitehead In Memory of Alice Fitch Lerner J. L. McLean In Memory of Mrs. Marjorie Levis Edwin R. Waldemer In Memory of her parents — a tribute to the Orchid Fund Carol Littmann In Memory of Anna May Maginn Mrs. Herch Conwell Miss Carill Gill In Memory of Mr. Carroll S. Mastin Mr./Mrs. Bert Lynch Adelaide and Dan Schlafly In Memory of Rosalee Nevins Mr./Mrs. John M, Raster In Memory of Mrs. Cleveland Newton Mrs. Frank Adam In Memory of Mrs. Zilpha Nowak Emily and Helen Novak In Memory of Lucille Ondr Lucy and Fred Hoefel In Memory of Martha Ploeger Betty and Bob Middleton In Memory of Mrs. J. Gilbert Princell Carol and Quintus Drennan Elizabeth Golterman Mrs. Elinor Hayward Mr./Mrs. Kenneth P. Knust St. Louis Herb Society In Memory of Mrs. Marian Putnam Ruth L. Donnell In Memory of Mr. and Mrs. Henry Reitz Alma K. Reitz In Memory of Miss Nora G. Scannell Gerald R. Diehl In Memory of Ronald Schuettenberg Mrs. Edwina Medlock In Memory of Steven Britt Summers Mr./Mrs. Clyde Carter In Memory of Edward H. Tienken Jean G. Brumback In Memory of Mr. and Mrs. Frank E. Timken Lois M. Timken In Memory of Nan Finn Underwood Walter and Mary Jo Klosterman In Memory of Mahlon B. Wallace, Jr. Mr./Mrs. Theodore P. Desloge In Memory of Mrs. Dorothy Weber Mr./Mrs, Harold Koelkebeck In Memory of Jacob Wenger Mr./Mrs. D. Goodrich Gamble In Memory of Mrs. Rose Wilson Elizabeth Halpin In Memory of Mrs. Matilda Wolf Emily and Helen Novak MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN 2345 Tower Grove Avenue Saint Louis, Missouri 63110 SECOND CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT ST. LOUIS, MO. Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Carp Contribute Big Splash to Japanese Garden The truck looked like a circus vehicle with its colorful red and white letters and paintings of fish. And its passengers looked like any other group of arriving tourists, pressing their noses to the glass windows of their compartments. But the passengers were fish, not people, and the truck belonged to the Lambrich Bros. Live Fish Co., Imperial, Mo., driven by owner Gene Lambrich. ‘‘The passengers enjoyed a comfortable, cool ride,”’ said Mr. Lambrich. To the truck was hitched a flatbed trailer loaded with 18 fishtanks carrying approximately 300 fish — almost 4000 pounds of ordinary and German carp. The truck arrived at the Garden on Sunday, June 12, from Oshkosh, Wis., and discharged its lively passen- hat hs OTe a wee ger load into the 4%-acre lake in the new Japanese Garden, Seiwa-En. The carp, each tipping the scales at about 15 pounds, traveled for 20 hours in freshwater tanks from Lake Butemorts, their breeding place near Oshkosh. Why did the carp come to the Japanese Garden? Not because the Garden is planning to allow fishing in the quiet waters of its newest outdoor spectacle. “Carp like to eat weeds and algae,’”’ said John Elsley, curator of hardy plants at the Garden. ‘’This will help to keep the new lake healthy.” The recommendation to stock the lake with carp came from Ken Perry, an authority on lake manage- ment at the Missouri Department of Conservation. The first of some 300 carp splash their way into the Japanese Garden lake. The fish will help control weeds and algae and were obtained follow- ing a recommenda- tion by Ken Perry of the Missouri De- partment of Con- servation. Volume LXV Number 8 August 1977 Dr. Croat, Lab on Wheels Explore Central America The March issue of the Bu//etin contained an article about the research activities of Dr. Thomas Croat of the Garden’s Botany Department. Dr. Croat is involved in an intensive study of the genus Anthurium of the aroid family (Araceae) as represented in Central America and Mexico. That article mentioned that he was preparing for additional field work in these areas. Now the Garden has received a grant from the National Geographic Society to support his work this summer and in the early fall, and Dr. Croat recently left St. Louis for Central America. The vehicle in which Dr. Croat is travelling is probably unique in the world. To the casual observer it appears to be no more than one of the thousands of camper-equipped pick-up trucks which are so popular these days. However, closer inspection shows that the Croat truck is a mobile botanical laboratory. Included in the truck’s equipment is a propane gas powered plant dryer, which occupies a large area along the side of the truck back. This dryer is constructed so it can be run continuously, both while the truck is in mo- tion and while stopped for the night. The dryer al- lows Dr. Croat to process more than 100 plants per day. Propane was chosen as the power source — it Is readily available in Central America — and he carries a 100-pound cylinder of this fuel with him. The camper is equipped with collapsible awnings on all four sides to provide shelter from the torrential tropical rains or sun. The area under these canopies is used for processing the large numbers of Anthurium specimens which Dr. Croat will be gathering each day in the forests of Central America. Tree clipper poles are stored on the sides of the camper, so that they may be readily available for short stops to collect particu- lar specimens. The inside of the camper back is equipped with a stove and refrigerator and large amounts of storage space both for food and for dry plant specimens. At the rate of more than 100 specimens a day, the inside of the camper will be filled quickly with dried plants, and these must be regularly packed and shipped back to St. Louis for further processing. Live plants will also be gathered and shipped, to St. Louis by air freight for cultivation in the Garden’s greenhouses and further study, particularly of flowering behavior. Dr. Croat emphasizes that the vehicle was de- signed to be as completely self-contained as possible, so that he could visit remote areas of Central America for long periods of time and not have to depend upon drying facilities at various museums and universities. Food and fuel supplies are available throughout Central America as are the post offices from which he will ship back his specimens. Thus, with his new vehicle, he can concentrate his total efforts on his job — collecting plants for his and other studies. Dr. Thomas Croat, bound for Central America, demonstrates the capabilities of his botanical laboratory on wheels. 2 Dr. Klein Appointed Director of Morris Arboretum Dr. William McKinley Klein, Jr., the Garden's assistant director and one of its major assets, has been appointed director of the Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. He will leave the Garden — better than he found it — on August 1. In farewell remarks before the Garden Board of Trustees, Dr. Klein summarized his feelings for the institution he has served for nearly five years: “The measure of greatness of an institution is not its age and what it says it can do, but rather the services it provides to the community. And | believe the Missouri Botanical Garden serves the educational needs of Missouri at a level which is setting the stand- ards for cultural institutions in the state. “The most exciting developments taking place at a botanical garden anywhere in the world are today taking place at the Missouri Botanical Garden... out front and running well ahead of all other botanical gardens. This vitality is reflected in the tremendous physical improvements which have been made at the Garden and the great expansion in public service to the community.” During his five-year tenure as assistant director, Bill Klein has had a lot to do with keeping the Garden “out front and running well ahead.’’ A native of Galveston, Texas, Dr. Klein earned his bachelor’s and master’s degrees from Colorado State University before taking his doctorate in 1964 from the Claremont Graduate School and University Center in Claremont, California. The topic of his doctoral dissertation was a biosystematic study of four species of evening primrose. From 1961 to 1965, Dr. Klein served as an officer in the U.S. Air Force, assigned to the Biological Systems section of the School of Aerospace Medicine at Brooks Air Force in Texas. His research activities were concerned with studies of plants being tested as components of life support systems for extended missions in space. From 1965 to 1972, Dr. Klein was assistant professor, later associate professor in the Botany and Plant Pathology Department of Colorado State University. Also during this period, he served as co- principal investigator for the Resource Inventory of Colorado and co-principal investigator for a study of the effects of disturbance on vegetation on Amchitka Island in Alaska. Dr. Klein’s teaching and research interests, in fact, have taken him to Afghanistan, the Aleutian Islands, Indonesia, Mexico and England. When named the Garden’s assistant director in 1972, Dr. Klein assessed the potential of his new institution: “| see unique opportunities in the areas of public education and the promotion of basic botanical interests. The Missouri Botanical Garden has a proud tradition in both of these areas and, under the leader- Dr. William M. Klein, outgoing assistant director of the Garden. ship of Dr. (Peter H.) Raven and with the new facilities, | feel the potentials have been greatly extended. I’m looking forward to becoming a part of that tradition.” In his position as the Garden's assistant director, Dr. Klein was quick to become part of the institu- tion’s tradition of study and service. In the area of education, he worked to expand the scope of Garden programs and increase its level of service to the community. Specifically, he sought successive grants from the Cooperating Schoo! District, a not-for-profit organization of county school districts, which helped to make possible a broadening of the Garden's educa- tional reach. Additionally, a teacher training program was implemented at the Garden under Dr. Klein’s guid- ance, supported by a grant from the Office of Environmental Education, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. Through other grants, Garden programs have become part of the curriculum of the city’s Magnet Schools. In 1975, Dr. Klein was named the first chairman of the Garden’s new Ecological Services Department, established to study and attempt to predict man’s continuing impact on his environment. Even before his appointment as the Garden's assistant director, Dr. Klein’s interests had taken a strong turn toward environmental concerns and the application of basic botanical data to problems of land-use planning. His leadership of this new department, therefore, was destined to be more than productive — it eventually (Continued on Page 4) 3 DR. KLEIN ACCEPTS NEW POSITION (Continued from Page 3) led to contracts with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Union Electric Co., a state planning agency, the East-West Gateway Coordinating Council and the St. Louis Community Development Agency. This response demonstrated ‘‘that the kinds of services the Garden could provide are very much in demand,” Dr. Klein said. Also in demand has been another service that the Garden will lose with Dr. Klein’s departure — the work of his wife, Janet Klein. Mrs. Klein has worked tirelessly over the years as a Garden volunteer, using her unique talents to delicately illustrate botanical specimens for the Garden’s herbarium and publica- tions. In his new position, Dr. Klein will direct the operations of another highly respected botanical institution. The Morris Arboretum, maintained by the Morris Foundation and administered by the Universi- ty of Pennsylvania, is a cultural, educational, research and public service institution in botany, horticulture and related plant sciences. Its work began unofficially in 1887, when John and Lydia Morris acquired a summer property in Chestnut Hill, Pa. For a span of 45 years, the Morrises lavished their wealth, attention and interest on the property, transforming it into a charming and aesthetic collection of trees and shrubs. It was late in Lydia Morris’ life before the idea was formed to bequeath the property for the enjoyment of future generations. The University of Pennsylvania assumed adminis- tration of the Morris Arboretum in 1932, and set about establishing a scientific as well as aesthetic institution in the Philadelphia area. The result is a mixture — an institution of botanical significance which has retained the grace and beauty intended by its founders. Programs supported by the 175-acre Arboretum are similar to those conducted by the Missouri Botanical Garden — maintenance of a display of one of the finest collections of trees and shrubs in the nation, education for the community on all levels and botanical research. After he assumes the Morris Arboretum director- ship, Dr. Klein, with his wife and four children, will reside in the Chestnut Hill area. In his closing remarks before the Board of Trustees, he praised the accomplishments of the institution he was leaving: ‘| know that all of you take a great deal of pride in what’s happened here over the last six years. And well you should. It has been my great pleasure and honor to have been associated with the Garden during this very critical stage in its development. “And let me wish you every success and say that | stand ready to assist in any way | can to advance the aims and objectives of Shaw’s Garden which will always hold very special meaning for me.” 4 THE ASCENT OF MAN “The Ascent of Man’’, Dr. Jacob Bronowski’s highly acclaimed, 13-part exploration of the develop- ment of man as seen through the history of science, has been scheduled for a Garden showing. The films will be shown on Wednesday from September 7 to November 30, in the Lehmann Building Auditorium. Produced by BBC-TV and Time-Life Films, the series charts man’s progress from the vantage point of the scientist-philosopher. “Among the multitude of animals which scamper, fly, burrow, and swim around us, man is the only one who is not locked into his environment,’ says Dr. Bronowski. ‘‘His imagination, his reason, his emotional subtlety and toughness, make it possible for him not to accept the environment, but to change it. And that series of inventions, by which man from age to age has remade his environment is a different kind of evolution. | call that brilliant sequence of peaks ‘the ascent of man.’ ”’ Tower Grove House on Tour Tower Grove House, Henry Shaw’s_ restored country home at the Garden, will be part of the “‘all around town” tours of Historic Pilgrimage ‘77, a nine -day series of historic tours sponsored by the Missouri Historical Society and the Landmarks Association of St. Louis, Inc. Tower Grove House is the first stop of the series’ Tour No. 2, scheduled for Tuesday, September 27. The tour, along with six others scheduled between September 26 and October 2, will begin at 9:30 a.m. at the Missouri Historical Society at the Jefferson Memorial in Forest Park. The cost for each one-day tour is $15, which includes lunch, transporta- tion by air-conditioned bus and all admission fees. Reservations will close September 15. For further information, contact Pilgrimage ‘77 in care of the Missouri Historical Society. Trivets, T-Shirts and Treasures The souvenir-minded — collectors, travelers and friends of the Garden — will find four new treasures this summer in the Garden Gate Shop. The special features are children’s and adult T- shirts, illustrated with a graphic floral design in light green on white fabric; ceramic mugs and trivets, also with floral designs, and souvenir pens inscribed ‘‘Missouri Botanical Garden.” The MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN ts pub- lished 12 issues per year monthly by the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. $5.00 per year. $6.00 foreign. Telephone Pioneers Pay Garden Call For five active hours last spring, some 50 Tele- phone Pioneers paid their annual call at the Garden to plant, prune, weed, mulch and perform a wide variety of other volunteer services. ‘This group has made an annual visit for the past two years,’’ said Robert J. Dingwall, chief horticul- turist, ‘‘and have contributed a tremendous number of man-hours to the Garden’s maintenance program. The work of this group is greatly appreciated.”’